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THE 


Library    Journal 


CHIEFLY   DEVOTED    TO 


Xtbrar?  ficonom?  ant>  Bibliograpbi? 


Vol.  38 


(JANUARY-DECEMBER,  1913) 


NEW  YORK  :     PUBLICATION    OFFICE,  141  EAST  25™  STREET 
LONDON  :    SOLD   BY   ARTHUR   F.   BIRD,   22    BEDFORD   STREET,   STRAND 

J9T3 


6.7  J 

L? 


v. 


CONTENTS 

CONTRIBUTED     ARTICLES 

The    work    of    trustees    in    a    large    library         ...        R.    R.    Boivker 3-7 

Free    and    inexpensive    reference    material      ....        Frank    K.    Walter 8-12 

Experiments    in    library    extension George    H.    Evans 13-15 

Preservation     of    paper Jchn    N orris 16-20 

A    chapter    in    children's    libraries Alice   M.    Jordan 20-21 

Library    legislation    in    1912 W.  R.   Eastman 22 

On    an    order    record    by    funds F.  K.  W.  Drury 22-23 

Catalog    system    at    the    Carnegie    Library    of    Pitts- 
burgh                 Margaret  Mann 23-24 

A  library  in  a  penal  institution G,    E.    Robbins 24-25 

Concerning    social     and    civic    material E.   G.  Rotttsahn 27 

Inter-Library     loans Frederick  C.  Hicks 67-72 

Arrangement    of    cards    under    place    names    in    a    dic- 
tionary   catalog Clifford  B.   Clapp 73-77 

Book     buying     experiences     in     Europe Walter     Lichtenstein 77-8i 

The   moving  of  the  Harvard   Library William    Coolidge    Lane 81-84 

Davis  Memorial  Library  of  Phillips  Exeter  Academy  .  Asa    C.    Tilton 84-85 

Library  exhibit  at  the  R.  I.  child  welfare  conference  .  Margaret    B.    Still-well 88-89 

Efficiency    records    in    libraries Arthur    E.    Bostwick i3*-*33 

Bibliographical    instruction   in   college Kendric  C.  Babcock 133-136 

The    librarian    and    the    bookseller Edward  W.  Mum  ford 136-142 

University    library    expenditures W.   Dawson  Johnston 143 

Work     and     read James  H,   Galloway 143-144 

The    Children's    Library    of    Stockholm Annie   Carroll   Moore 145 

Systematic    training    for    obtaining    information     .     .        Delia    G.    Ovits     . 150-152 

The  joint  work  of  the  high  school  and  the  public  li- 
brary   in    relating    education    to    life        Manila    Waite    Freeman         I79'l83 

The    development    of    secondary    school    libraries     .     .        Edward   D.    Greenman       183-189 

Training    in    the    use    of    books Ida    Mendenhall         189-192 

Some    reference    books    of    1912 Isidore    Gilbert    Mudge 192-198 

The  public  library  and  publicity  in  municipal  affairs  .        John  Cotton  Dana 198-201 

The     Brooklyn     Library    training    class Julia    A.    Hopkins 201-202 

New    York    State    school    libraries Sherwin    Williams 202-203 

The   Philadelphia   Pedagogical   Library   and  the  public 

schools Ada    F.    Liveright 206-207 

The  most  popular  books  in  the   New  York  schools     .        C.  G.  Leland 208-210 

Miss   Hewins  and  her   class  in   children's   reading       .        Harriet  S.    Wright 210-211 

Atlantic     City     conference E.    V.    B 217-219 

American    libraries    and    the    investigator       ....        Herbert    Putnam       275-277 

The    library    and    the    "movies" /.   H.   Hume 277-279 

What     the     public     wants Corinne    Bacon 251-255 

Accessions     records    economized    and    systematized     .        Henry   C,   Bliss 255-263 

Library    reports    from  a   frivolous   point   of  view     .     .        Katherine    Twining   Moody 263-266 

The    new   Harvard    library William    Coolidge   Lane 266-270 

The    dividend    paying    public    library C.    Seymour    Thompson 315-3*9 

A   bureau    of   review George    lies 319-324 

Cooperation  between  the  library  and  the  book  store  .        George  F.  Bowermau 324-33 * 

Additions   to   special    collections W.  Dau'son  Johnston 331-333 

Better    health — better    service E.    V.    B 341 

The   Ferguson  Library,  Stamford,   Conn Alice    M.    Colt 342-344 

Public  library  section — Rochester  child  welfare  exhibit        William    F.     Yust 344-345 

What   people    read Arthur  Low  Bailey 387-391 

Library    circulation    at   long   range Arthur  E.   Boslwick 39J-394 

The    relation    of    public    and    college   libraries     .     .     .       John    A.    Lowe 394-399 

Special    libraries — questionnaire   and   replies     ....        Contributed   by   various  libraries 399-4<>2 


CONTENTS 


The  use  of  public  documents  in  a  small  library     .     .  Lucy    D.   Luard 402-403 

The  public  library  in  commission-governed  cities     .     .  Alice   S.    Tyler 403-405 

The  remittance  of  fines George  Hill  Evans 405-406 

A  social  service   library Miss  Ketcham 406-407 

Distribution    of   university    library    expenditures      .     .  W.  Dawson  Johnston 408 

The  inter-library  worker  and  the  exhibit  of  new  books  G.    W.    Lee 408-409 

The    world    of    print,    and    the    world's    work     .     .  Henry  E.  Legler        .     .  435-442 

The    library,    a    necessity    of    modern    business      .  N.    C.    Kingsbury 442-449 

The    woman   on   the    farm Lutie    E.    Stearns 449-453 

American   municipal   documents — a   librarian's   view     .  John  Boynton  Kaiser .  453  45^ 

Relations  between  the  library  and  the  municipality     .  Arthur  E.   Bostwick 456-457 

History    lessons    in    vacation Caroline     Heivins 457-45^ 

The    British    Museum    Library— First    p?pcr      .     .     .  Theodore    W.    Koch 499- 509 

The   Municipal   Reference   Library   as   an    aid   in   city 

administration         Hon.    George   McAneny 509-5 1 3 

The   dream  of  an  organizer:   a  library  phantasy     .     .  J.    F.    Hume 5*3-518 

The    value    of    a    university    bindery Thomas  P.  Ayer 5*8-519 

Finding    mis-filed    index    cards     ........  B.    D.    H ousel 519  522 

The   Insular   Library  of   Porto   Rico:   its   history   and 

development       Louis  O'Neill 522-523 

A.   L.  A.   government  documents  round  table     .     .     .  George  S.    Godard 523-524 

The   British   Museum   Library — Second   paper     .     .     .  Theodore    W.    Koch 547-S56 

Some  statistics  of  thirteen  libraries  and  a   s-.i^gestion 

for  an   A.    L.   A.   statistical  handbook Geo.   F.    Winchester 556-558 

Efficiency    in    library    work Theresa    Hitchler      . 558-561 

A    classification    for    agricultural    litt-rature     ....  Mrs.  F.   H.   Ridguay    . 561-563 

Special    library    service G.   W.  Lee 564 

The    Mason    Memorial    Library J.    A.    Lowe 565-566 

What   the   library   can    do   for   our    foreign  born     .     .  John    Foster    Carr 566-568 

What  the  community  is  asking  of  the   department  of 

children's   work   in   the   public   library Annie    Carroll    Moore 595-600 

Books    on    the    care    of    babies Mrs.   Samuel  H.   Ranck 600-602 

Ohio  libraries  in  the  flood Linda    M.    Clot-worthy 602-607 

Oilman  Hall — the  new  library  of  the   Johns   Hopkins 

University          M.   Llewellyn   Raney 607-610 

What  the  foreigner  has  done  for  one  library     ...  J.   Maud  Campbell 610-615 

Pica    for   a   reference   book   commission G.    W.    Lee 615-616 

The    Bournemouth    meeting    of   the     English    Library 

Association         Theo.    W.    Koch 616-622 

Baroda,    India,    and    its    libraries        WHKam   Alanson    Borden 659-663 

The  work  of  trustees  in  a  small  library R.    R.    Bou'ker 663-666 

Samuel    Swett   Green:   some  autobiographical    sketches 

of    incidents    in    his    life  666-670 

Visual    presentation    of    library   work Olive  Mayes 671-672 

A    local    history    exhibition         M.    R.    H 672-674 

EDITORIALS:  The  library  and  the  schools:   an  analogy     .          177 

Library   progress,    1912       Library    hours        177-178 

Library  buildings,    1912 Library  training  in  schools 178 

Bibliographical    enterprises,    1912          ...  i-  Plans  of  the  N.   E.   A 178 

Newspaper     preservation The    Kaaterskill    conference         -49 

Trustees   and   the    library        A   special   libraries   list 249 

A.  L.  A.  Conference,  1913 65  Bibliography    to-day         249-250 

Chicago  meeting  of  the  A.  L.  A 65  New  York's  Municipal  Reference  Library    .          -^5° 

Commission  government  and  the  library  .     .       65-66  The   Leipzig  exposition 

Charles    Carroll    Soule 66  The  Kaaterskill  conference 3*3 

The  Leipzig  Exhibition 66  Library  dividends 3*3 

The   New  York  Public   Library       ....          129  Book  reviews  for  libraries 3*3 

The  librarian  and  the  bookseller    ....          129  The   Booksellers'    Convention .3 13-3*4 

College  bibliographical  training 129-130  The  forty-hour  week 3*4 

Recording    efficiency        130  John   Shaw  Billings  memorial  meeting    .     .          3*4 

La    Follette's   legislative   reference   bill     .     .  130  Library  school  development 3^5 

Parcels  post  and  libraries 130  Specialized  schools 385 

John    Shaw    Billings       17?  Special      libraries        385 


The  people's  reading 385  386 

Story      telling        3§6 

Library    failures          386 

Use   of  the   phonograph 386 

A.    L.    A.    Conference    accommodations     .     .  433 

Library    specialization 433 

Coordination    with    business    libraries     .     .  433-434 

Government  printing 434 

The  Council  and  the  Institute 434 

Civil  service  and  the  budget  in  metropolitan 

libraries 434 

Unification    of    library    representation     .     .  497 
The   "golden  word"   of  the   Kaaterskill  con- 
ference       >  497 

The  obligation  imposed  by  the  public  library  497-498 

Books  and  the  parcels  post    ......  498 

Commercial    publications     .          498 

The    librarian's   vacation   home 498 

Death   of  Josephus  Nelson   Lamed       ...  545 
A.    L.    A.    representation    at    Leipzig    expo- 
sition            545 

Need  of  standardized  D.   C.   subdivisions     .  545 

Efficiency      methods         546 

"The   worst    hundred  books" 546 

The    Wis.    F.    L.    Commission    course    in   li- 
brary   administration        54^ 

Library   week   at   Lake   George 593 

Books  on  the  care  of  babies 593 

Books   in   the    Underwood   tariff       ....  593 

Ohio    libraries   in   the   flood     ......  594 

Gilman     Hall    library 594 

Visits  of  Mr.  Kudalkar  and  Mr.  Otlet    .     .  594 

The   Baroda  library  system 657 

Reuben     Gold    Thwaites 657 

Samuel    Swett    Green *5^ 

Legislative    reference    work 658 

The  book  post 658 

The    Leipzig    Exposition 65? 

FROKTJSPIECES  AND   ILLUSTRATIONS: 
Jan.     Henry  E.  Legler 

F«b.     Davis    Library,    Phillips    Exeter    Academy, 
Exeter,  N.  H. 


Ground   floor  and   first   floor   plans  of  the 
Davis  Library,  Phillips  Exeter  Academy 
Charles    Carroll    Soule 

Mar.  The  Children's  Library,  Stockholm,  Swe- 
den 

Apr.     John   Shaw  Billings. 

May.  The  Harry  Elkins  Widener  Memorial  Li- 
brary, Harvard  University,  Cambridge, 
Mass. 

Gore   Hall,    Harvard,   in  process   of  demo- 
lition 
Randall  Hall,  where  350,000  volumes  frcm 

Harvard   Library   are   housed. 
Harry   Elkins  Widener   Memorial   Library, 

Harvard,  first  floor  plan. 
Harry  Elkins  Widener   Memorial  Library^ 

Harvard,   second  floor  plan. 
June.     Ferguson   Library,   Stamford,   Conn. 
Ferguson  Library — rear  view 
Ferguson   Library   section,   first   floor   plan 
Aug.     American  Library  Association,  Kaaterskill, 

N.  Y. 
Facsimile    of    letter    from    Andrew    Carne- 

gie. 
Sept.     The   British   Museum 

British    Museum    Library — a    view    of   the 

stacks 

British    Museum    Library — King's    Library 

British  Museum — Plan  of  the  ground  floor. 

Oct.     British  Museum  Library — Plan  of  reading 

room 
British      Museum      Library — the      reading 

room 
Exterior     of    the     new     Mason     Memorial 

Library,     Great     Barrington,     Mass. 
The  Mason   Memorial   Library   interior 
Nov.     Ohio    libraries    in    the    flood    (4    illus.) 
Gilman    Hall — exterior 
Gilman  Hall — floor  plans    (2   p.). 
Dec.     The  Baroda  Library  staff 

Central   library  building  of  Baroda 
Map   of  the   Baroda  division 
Samuel  Swett  Green 
Two  diagrams  used  at  book  exhibit 


ft   , 


'resident  American  Library  Association,   1912-1913,  Librarian    Chicago    Public   Library 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


VOL.  38 


JANUARY,    1913 


No.   i 


THE  year  1912  was  not  signalized  by  any 
great  increase  in  library  organization,  but 
was  marked  by  the  success  of  the  third 
A.  L.  A.  conference  held  in  Canada,  thus 
emphasizing  the  international  scope  of  the 
American  Library  Association.  The  Cana- 
dian attendance  was  thoroughly  representa- 
tive, and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  conference 
will  prove  a  starting-point  for  the  extension 
of  library  organization  in  the  several  Cana- 
dian provinces,  on  the  lines  of  our  state  asso- 
ciations, in  which  Ontario  had  already  taken 
the  lead.  Unfortunately,  there  were  almost 
no  representatives  from  abroad,  to  the  great 
regret  of  Americans  from  both  sides  of  the 
border.  On  the  other  hand,  there  was  a  con- 
siderable representation  of  American  libra- 
rians at  the  L.  A.  U.  K.  conference  at  Liv- 
erpool, a  continuing  precedent  which  our 
English  brethren  should  reciprocally  adopt. 
The  tri-convention  of  librarians  from  Ger- 
many, Austria  and  German  Switzerland,  at 
Munich,  was  the  leading  event  in  1912  on  the 
Continent,  and  was  notable  for  its  discussion 
of  union  catalogs  and  standard  cataloging 
rules  within  the  territories  of  the  German 
language.  The  Dutch  librarians  formed  a 
national  organization,  and  at  the  Antipodes 
the  Australian  librarians  took  steps  toward 
the  revival  of  their  former  association  by  the 
organization  of  an  association  in  Victoria. 
The  next  A.  L.  A.  conference  is  probably  to 
be  held  at  Eagles'  Mere,  in  Pennsylvania, 
whose  central  position  should  invite  a  ban- 
ner conference.  The  coming  year  should  also 
be  marked  by  an  international  library  meeting 
on  the  Continent,  but  of  this  nothing  has  as 
yet  been  heard. 


THE  distinctive  event  of  the  library  year 
was  the  opening  of  the  New  York  State  Edu- 
cation building  at  Albany,  housing  the  State 
Library,  whose  destroyed  collections  have 
been  so  energetically  replaced  that  the  num- 
ber of  books  already  approximates  and  will 
presently  exceed  the  old  figures.  The  new 
building,  devoted  in  large  part  to  library  pur- 
poses, is  one  of  the  most  dignified  and  noble 
in  the  country,  and  is  in  happy  contrast  with 
those  monuments  of  graft  and  architectural 
excrescences — the  state  capital  opposite  and 


the  Tweed  Court  House  in  New  York  City. 
The  opening  of  the  splendid  central  building 
at  St.  Louis  was  signalized  by  the  consider- 
able attendance  of  representative  librarians 
coming  direct  from  the  new-year  A.  L.  A. 
meetings  in  Chicago;  the  admirable  library 
building  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  remarkable  for 
the  economy  of  its  construction,  was  also 
opened.  The  new  library  of  the  University 
of  California  was  formally  dedicated  to  its 
noble  use;  the  Harper  Memorial  Library,  of 
the  University  of  Chicago,  with  its  fallen 
tower  rebuilt,  was  also  dedicated  as  the  in- 
itial portion  of  a  unique  library  building; 
Kenyon  College  dedicated  a  new  alumni  li- 
brary; and  the  superb  Avery  architectural 
library  building,  opened  at  Columbia  Univer- 
sity, further  extends  a  most  remarkable  group 
of  library  buildings.  Much  progress  was  made 
within  the  year  toward  new  library  buildings; 
ground  was  at  last  actually  broken  for  the 
new  central  library  in  Brooklyn.  The  John 
Crerar  Library  at  Chicago  acquired  its  new 
site;  Cleveland  has  obtained  an  issue  of  $2,- 
000,000  in  municipal  bonds  for  a  central  li- 
brary; St.  Paul  will  have  a  great  library 
building  as  the  beneficence  of  J.  J.  Hill;  and 
Indianapolis  has  been  given  ground  for  a  new 
central  building  by  James  Whitcomb  Riley. 
Philadelphia  is  shaping  the  plans  for  the  cen- 
tral library,  hitherto  lacking  in  its  system.  San 
Francisco  is  developing  its  central  library  plan 
in  relation  with  the  proposed  civic  center; 
and  Detroit  is  busy  on  plans.  Trinity  College 
was  assured  a  new  library  through  the  gift 
of  J.  P.  Morgan,  and  the  munificent  Widener 
gift  to  Harvard  University  for  a  new  library 
building  will  presently  do  away  with  historic 
Gore  Hall. 

THE  completion  of  several  important  bib- 
liographical enterprises  makes  the  past  year 
notable  in  this  field.  The  huge  United  States 
Catalog  of  H.  W.  Wilson  and  his  colleagues 
is  an  achievement  unparalleled  in  the  history 
of  bibliography,  for  it  covered  450,000  entries 
of  books  in  print  January  i,  1912,  and  was  is- 
sued within  nine  months  of  this  date,  where- 
as most  similar  undertakings  have  required 
years  for  their  preparation  and  publication. 
The  first  supplement  to  the  great  A.  L.  A. 


THE  LIBRARY   JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


Catalog  of  1904  was  issued  by  the  association, 
and  should  make  more  useful  the  original 
catalog,  issued  by  the  Library  of  Congress 
and  still  in  print.  The  seventh  volume  of 
Charles  Evans'  chronological  dictionary  of 
American  bibliography,  covered  the  years 
1786-1789.  The  Bureau  of  Education  has  at 
last  issued  the  report  on  special  collections  in 
public  libraries,  prepared  by  Prof.  W.  D. 
Johnston  and  his  coadjutor,  Miss  I.  G.  Mudge, 
and  Prof.  Johnston  will  continue  this  report 
in  special  articles  from  year  to  year  in  the 
LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  furnishing  the  material  for 
supplements  to  the  report.  It  is  urged  that 
librarians  who  have  knowledge  of  special  col- 
lections not  covered  in  the  original  report 
should  at  once  furnish  the  data  to  Prof.  John- 
ston for  the  extension  of  his  useful  work, 
which  is  peculiarly  valuable  in  connection 
with  the  system  of  library  exchanges.  Among 
works  in  special  fields,  the  check  list  on 
European  history,  prepared  by  Prof.  Richard- 
son's committee  of  the  American  Historical 
Association,  and  the  union  catalog  on  rail- 
way economics,  from  the  Bureau  of  Railway 
Economics  at  Washington,  are  especially  note- 
worthy. The  additions  to  library  literature 
in  general  were  numerous  beyond  present 
summary,  Charles  C.  Soule's  work  on  library 
planning  being  one  of  the  most  notable. 


As  a  result  of  the  activity  of  Mr.  Hill's 
A.  L.  A.  committee  on  the  preservation  of 
newspapers,  the  Brooklyn  Daily  Eagle  has 
undertaken  to  lead  the  way  in  a  plan  which 
sets  before  librarians  an  excellent  oppor- 
tunity for  solving  a  fixed  problem.  The  pro- 
posal to  furnish  two  copies  of  the  daily,  one 
an  ordinary  paper,  to  be  mailed  regularly  for 
reading-room  consumption,  and  the  other  to 
be  furnished  flat  in  monthly  or  quarterly 
packages  for  permanent  preservation,  should 
receive  the  hearty  support  of  all  libraries 
which  take  or  can  take  the  Brooklyn  Eagle, 
one  of  the  most  comprehensive  and  enterpris- 
ing of  New  York  dailies.  Several  other 
dailies  in  different  parts  of  the  country  have 
undertaken  to  join  in  this  experiment,  and 
they  will  probably  unite  on  a  specified  stan- 
dard of  paper,  to  be  furnished  from  one  man- 
ufacturer. If  the  larger  libraries  give  their 
support  to  this  undertaking  its  extension  is 
possible  and  probable;  but  if  the  proposal 
does  not  bring  adequate  support,  it  is  useless 


to  have  any  more  discussion  of  the  subject. 
No  periodical  can  afford  to  supply  a  de- 
mand which  does  not  make  itself  felt  when 
the  opportunity  for  supply  is  given.  The 
LIBRARY  JOURNAL  and  cognate  periodicals 
have  been  printed  on  a  paper  partly  rag,  with 
a  view  to  permanent  preservation,  and  it  is 
gratifying  to  find,  on  the  part  of  the  daily 
press,  a  willingness  to  take  like  action. 


THE  Massachusetts  Library  Commission  is 
making  special  endeavor  to  enlist  the  more 
active  interest  of  trustees  within  that  state 
in  the  affairs  of  the  local  libraries,  and  those 
who  attended  the  conference  in  Ottawa,  where 
the  trustee  section  held  the  largest  meeting 
in  its  history,  found  that  the  development  of 
Canadian  libraries  had  been  quite  as  much  the 
work  of  trustees  as  of  librarians.  It  is  most 
important  that  the  office  of  the  trustee  should 
not  be  a  perfunctory  one,  as  is  too  often  the 
case,  but  that  the  governing  board  of  a  library 
should  be  an  active,  sympathetic  and  efficient 
body  of  co-workers  in  the  interest  of  the 
library.  The  Brooklyn  Public  Library  system 
is  excellently  organized  in  this  respect,  and 
the  detailed  account  in  this  number  of  the 
methods  of  that  board  should  be  read  with 
interest  by  those  concerned  with  other  large 
library  systems.  In  a  later  number,  the  work 
of  trustees  in  a  Massachusetts  town  library 
will  be  dealt  with,  and  during  the  coming  year 
the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  will  give  special  em- 
phasis to  the  work  of  trustees,  if  librarians 
and  trustees  will  cooperate  in  discussing  per- 
tinent questions.  In  the  smaller  library  sys- 
tems, where  there  are  no  regular  meetings  at 
stated  intervals,  trustees  are  apt  either  to  take 
a  perfunctory  view  of  their  duties  or  else  to 
vex  the  librarian  with  amateur  cooperation — 
both  of  them  extremes  to  be  avoided.  If  library 
trustees  throughout  the  country  can  be  made 
active  and  helpful,  staunchly  supporting  the 
librarian  in  good  work,  the  whole  library 
world  will  be  the  gainer.  The  commission 
plan  of  municipal  government,  so  far  as  it 
overlooks  the  importance  of  this  function  by 
relegating  the  library  to  the  sole  charge  of  a 
commissioner,  whose  chief  duties  are  of  a 
different  kind,  is  a  menace  to  library  progress ; 
and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  defeat  of  the 
commission  charter  in  Los  Angeles  may  re- 
sult in  working  out  a  better  scheme  for  com- 
mission government  in  which  the  library  will 
have  it  proper  place. 


January,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


THE   WORK   OF   TRUSTEES   IN   A  LARGE  LIBRARY 
BY  R.  R.  BOWKER. 


THE  work  of  the  trustees  in  the  large 
library  and  that  in  the  small  library  differs 
very  much,  qualitatively  as  well  as  quantita- 
tively, but  each  casts  sidelights  on  the  other. 
It  may,  therefore,  be  worth  while  to  present 
the  point  of  view  and  practice  of  each  to 
the  other,  and  the  present  writer  finds  oppor- 
tunity to  do  this  as  a  trustee  of  the  second 
largest  library  system  in  the  country,  that  of 
Brooklyn,  and  the  president  of  the  board  of 
one  of  the  town  libraries  of  Massachusetts, 
that  at  Stockbridge.  There  could  scarcely  be 
a  greater  contrast  in  scope  and  method,  and 
both  comparison  and  contrast  may  be  of  in- 
terest and  value. 

A  large  public  library  in  a  great  city  must 
be  on  the  general  lines  of  the  modern  busi- 
ness organization,  where  the  trustees  have 
the  functions  of  a  board  of  directors  in  a 
great  corporation,  depending  in  a  large  meas- 
ure on  the  trained  professional  executive,  first 
as  professional  adviser,  and,  secondly,  as 
working  executive,  while  in  a  small  rural 
or  town  library  the  librarian*  is  often  without 
professional  training  and  usually  without 
much  business  experience,  so  that  the  trustees 
do  not  obtain  the  same  professional  advice, 
and  cannot  depend  upon  the  same  executive 
skill.  In  some  of  the  great  library  systems 
the  function  of  the  trustees  is  almost  nom- 
inal, as  it  is  apt  to  be  in  a  great  business 
corporation,  such  as  an  insurance  company  or 
a  manufacturing  corporation;  but  the  Brook- 
lyn situation  presents  the  happy  mean  of  a 
board  of  trustees  which  is  kept  fully  in- 
formed, which  has  the  opportunity  of  act- 
ing on  each  detail  of  library  management, 
and  which  does  utilize  that  opportunity  to 
advise  with  the  librarian  and  either  confirm 
his  judgment  and  accept  his  recommendations 
or  modify  them  from  the  larger  experience 
of  the  business  men  of  varied  occupations  who 
constitute  the  board. 

The  board*  of  trustees  of  the  Brooklyn  Pub- 
lic Library  consists  of  twenty-two  working 
members,  in  addition  to  the  ex-officio  mem- 
bers, the  latter  being  the  mayor  of  the  city,  the 


president  of  the  borough  of  Brooklyn  and 
the  comptroller  of  the  city.  It  has  been  sel- 
dom, not  half  a  dozen  times  in  all,  that  any 
one  of  these  ex-officio  members  has  attended, 
and  never  two  of  them  together.  When  the 
old  Brooklyn  Library,  a  private  organization, 
turned  over  its  valuable  collection  and  prop- 
erties to  the  new  Brooklyn  Public  Library, 
it  was  arranged  that  for  twenty-five  years  the 
old  library  should  have  a  representation  of 
half  the  board,  and  the  organization  of  the 
old  library  is  kept  alive  chiefly  for  the  one  pur- 
pose of  selecting  these  trustees,  of  whom  two 
are  elected  each  year  to  serve  for  five  years, 
with  a  third  every  fifth  year.  The  same  trus- 
tees are  usually  reflected,  and  in  some  cases 
sons  of  earlier  trustees  have  become  useful 
successors  to  the  fathers.  The  other  eleven 
members  are  appointed  by  the  mayor  of  the 
city,  two  each  year  to  serve  for  five  years,, 
with  a  third  every  fifth  year,  and  usually 
those  trustees  whose  terms  expire  have  been- 
reappointed  by  the  mayor.  There  has  beer* 
absolutely  no  partisanship  in  these  appoint- 
ments by  any  mayor  of  New  York,  and  very 
little  of  the  personal  equation  in  them,  the 
mayor  frequently,  indeed  usually,  accepting, 
the  suggestions  of  trustees  whom  he  may 
consult  as  to  reappointments  or  new  appoint- 
ments. The  elected  eleventh  member  is 
chosen  in  a  different  year  from  the  appointed 
eleventh  member,  so  that  only  five  members 
can  be  changed  in  any  one  year ;  and  this  con- 
tinuity of  at  least  three-quarters  of  the  board 
makes  possible  the  unity  and  continuity  of 
policy  and  administration  which  would  other- 
wise be  almost  impracticable. 

Since  the  organization  of  the  Brooklyn 
Public  Library  its  president  has  been  an  ex- 
mayor  of  the  city  of  Brooklyn,  whose  polit- 
ical experience  has  been  of  high  value  to  the 
library,  especially  as  it  has  never  led  him  to 
any  act  of  a  political  or  partisan  nature.  It 
is  so  thoroughly  understood  that  appointment 
or  promotion  throughout  the  library  is  based 
on  the  merit  system,  that  trustees  are  almost 
absolutely  free  from  applications  for  their 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


"influence,"  and  such  applications  by  no  means 
help  the  applicant's  case.  I  recall  but  two  or 
three  such  endeavors  in  my  own  experience 
of  nearly  twenty-five  years.  The  board  has 
been  kept  absolutely  free  from  political,  racial, 
religious  or  other  differences,  having  Protes- 
tant, Catholic  and  Jewish  representatives  in 
its  membership,  and  almost  entirely  free  from 
personal  considerations. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  library  year,  which 
is  the  calendar  year,  the  president  assigns  five 
trustees  each  as  members  of  five  committees: 
the  administration  committee,  the  book  com- 
mittee, the  building  committee,  the  law  com- 
mittee and  the  finance  committee,  whose  func- 
tions are  defined  by  their  titles.    This  involves 
some   duplication,   and   the   chairman   of   one 
committee  is  apt  to  be  a  member  of  a  cognate 
committee,    as   law   and   finance;   usually   the 
same  men  are  reappointed  to  the  same  com- 
mittees, unless  there  is  request  or  reason  for 
change.     The  chairman   of   the  several  com- 
mittees   make    up,    with    the    officers    of    the 
board,  viz.,  the  president,  vice-president,  sec- 
retary and  treasurer,  elected  by  the  trustees 
at   the    February   meeting   of    each   year,   the 
executive  committee,  which  receives  and  acts 
upon  the  reports  of  the  administration  com- 
mittee,  and  transmits  them  to  the  board  it- 
self.    The  executive  committee  has  authority 
to   act   upon    general   matters   between   meet- 
ings  of   the   board,  and  practically   exercises 
the  functions  of  the  board  during  the  summer 
vacation  months.    The  several  committees  are 
expected    to   hold    monthly   meetings,   usually 
at   a   stated   day   in   the   week  preceding  the 
meeting  of  the  board,  which  is  on  the  third 
Tuesday  evening  of  each  month,  the  summer 
vacation    months    excepted.      The    law    and 
finance  committees,  however,  hold  less  regu- 
lar meetings,  depending  upon  the  special  work 
before  them.  For  each  committee,  the  quorum 
is   of   three   members,   and   in  the  occasional 
lack   of    a   quorum   two   members    sometimes 
act,   subject  to   the  approval   of  the  minutes 
by  a  third  member.   The  chairman  is  expected 
to    make    any   necessary    decisions    when   the 
committee    does    not    meet    or    between    the 
meeting    of    the    committee    and    the    board 
meeting,  and,  in  fact,  he  is  tacitly  given  power 
of  executive  decision  within  the  field  of  his 
committee,  nem.  con. 


The    administration    committee,    to    take    a 
specific  example,  meets  late  in  the  afternoon, 
usually  in  the  board  room  of  the  old  library, 
on  the  second  Wednesday  of  the  month.   The 
librarian  has  prepared  a  schedule  of  business, 
and  a  duplicate  typewritten  copy  is  put  before 
each  member.     This   schedule  usually  covers 
two  or  three  folios,  and  is  in  great  detail.   It 
includes   the   name    of    each   person    who    is 
recommended  for  appointment  or  promotion, 
or  change  of   salary  in  accordance  with  the 
library   service   rules,   which   are   in   print   in 
detail.     Any  changes  in  these  rules  are  dis- 
cussed  in  the   administration   committee   and 
finally    made    the    subject    of    board    action. 
The    several    items    on    the   librarian's    sche- 
dule   are    read    by    the  chairman    and    con- 
sidered   approved    if    no    dissenting   voice    is 
raised.     On  many  items,   further  explanation 
from  the  librarian,  who  is  always  present  at 
the  meeting,  is  asked  and  given ;  the  members 
of   the  committee  have  an  active  discussion, 
a  vote  is  had,  and  the  librarian  abides  by  the 
decision  of  the  trustees   without  question   if 
it  is   adverse  to  his   recommendation.     As  a 
matter   of    fact,   the   librarian's   recommenda- 
tions are  usually  adopted,  but  oftentimes  ac- 
tion is  modified  by  the  consensus  of  opinion 
of  the  librarian  and  the  committee,  and  in- 
frequently   the    committee    differs    from    the 
librarian  and  negatives   his   recommendations 
and  substitutes  its  own  views.    This  points  to 
an  absolute  harmony  between  the  governing 
body   and   the    executive   officer,    much    more 
real  than  if  the  proceedings  were  perfunctory 
and  there  was  no  dissent  or  reversal.    By  this 
means,  representative  members  of  the  board 
constituting   this    committee    are    actually    in- 
formed of  every  detail  in  the  administration 
of   the  library,   and  the  name  of   every   em- 
ployee comes  sooner  or  later  before  it.     As 
the  schedule,  with  any  changes  agreed  upon, 
is  presented  to  and  approved  by  the  executive 
committee,  and  a  typewritten  copy  is  at  the 
disposal  of  each  trustee  at  the  board   meet- 
ing,   the    trustees    in    general    may    be    fully 
informed  in  detail;  and  the  effect  of  this  on 
the    personnel    of    the    library    and    on    the 
members   of   the   board   is    most   wholesome. 
The  trustee  feels   that  his   duty  is  not  per- 
functory, that  he  has  a  real  personal  touch 
and   responsibility,   and  that  he  has  the   full 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


knowledge  in  which  to  do  his  full  duty,  while 
the  members  of  the  staff  are,  or  should  be, 
gratified  to  know  that  their  standing  and  per- 
formance are  known  not  simply  to  the  execu- 
tive officer,  but  to  all  the  members  of  their 
governing  board. 

The  library  service  scheme,  as  already 
stated,  is  one  specific  to  the  library,  carefully 
worked  out  by  the  trustees  through  the  libra- 
rian and  the  administration  committee,  while 
in  parallel  with  the  principles  of  the  merit 
system  in  the  civil  service  generally.  Appli- 
cants are  admitted  to  the  apprentice  system 
after  examination,  a  substantial  proportion 
being  excluded  by  failure  to  pass  the  75  per 
cent,  requirements.  After  a  course  of  teach- 
ing and  practice,  now  worked  out  in  co- 
operation with  the  Pratt  Institute  Library 
School  with  excellent  result,  apprentices  are 
admitted  through  further  examination  to  the 
eligible  list  for  appointment  to  the  third  or 
lowest  grade  of  the  library  service.  These 
eligibles,  previous  to  full  appointment,  are 
utilized  for  substitute  and  vacation  service, 
receiving  for  this  work  a  per  diem  payment. 
From  the  third  grade,  promotions  are  made 
into  the  second  through  regular  examination, 
and  similar  promotions  are  made  from  the 
second  to  the  first  grade.  The  initial  salary 
is  $40  per  month  in  the  third  grade,  raised 
to  $45  and  thence  to  $50  for  length  of  service 
and  meritorious  work;  on  promotion  to  the 
second  grade  the  regular  salaries  are  $55,  $60 
and  $65,  and  in  the  first  grade  $70,  $75  and 
thence  up  to  $95,  according  to  service  and 
work.  No  salary  is  advanced  without  formal 
report  by  the  librarian  to  the  administration 
committee  that  the  increase  is  justified  by 
length  of  service  and  meritorious  work;  and, 
though,  as  a  rule,  an  increase  of  salary  is 
given  after  each  year,  this  is  not  necessarily 
the  case,  and  any  quicker  promotion  or  larger 
increase  requires  definite  explanation  from 
the  librarian.  Children's  librarians  are  ap- 
pointed from  any  grade,  and  the  fact  that 
this  work  requires  peculiar  qualifications  and 
adaptability,  and  is  not  congenial  to  all  li- 
brary workers,  has  brought  about  a  demand 
for  children's  librarians  greater  than  the  fit 
supply,  so  that  salaries  in  this  department 
are,  as  a  rule,  greater  than  in  the  other  de- 
partments. Branch  librarians  and  heads  of 


departments  are  appointed  only  from  the  first 
grade.  Graduates  of  all  accepted  library 
schools  are  admitted  to  the  service  without 
examination,  and  appointments  may  be  made 
for  special  reasons  without  examination;  but 
all  promotions  within  the  service,  except  of 
heads  of  departments,  are  made  as  the  re- 
sult of  examinations.  A  month's  vacation, 
with  pay,  is  the  rule;  longer  vacations  or 
leaves  of  absence  are  granted  specifically 
through  action  by  the  trustees  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  librarian,  who  must  present 
his  reasons.  Sickness  leave  is  usually  given 
with  pay  up  to  thirty-one  days'  absence  in  a 
calendar  year;  other  leaves  are  usually  with- 
out pay,  unless  for  very  special  reasons.  This 
whole  scheme  of  service  has  been  worked  for 
some  years  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  all 
concerned,  and  presents  the  best  argument 
for  a  merit  service  based  on  library  needs, 
as  distinguished  from  the  old-fashioned 
method  of  appointment  on  the  one  side,  and 
the  general  municipal  civil  service  scheme  on 
the  other.  It  is  cited  here  in  illustration  of 
the  manner  in  which  thorough  systematization 
makes  the  control  by  the  trustees  through  the 
librarian  comprehensive,  close  and  efficient. 

The  book  committee,  which  has  the  general 
supervision  and  control  of  the  selection,  ac- 
quisition, cataloging  and  care  of  books  and 
periodicals,  holds  its  regular  meeting  on  the 
second  Monday  of  each  month.  The  selec- 
tion of  books  for  purchase  is  made  by  the 
librarian,  each  new  title  suggested  for  addi- 
tion to  the  library  requiring  the  approval  of 
at  least  three  members  of  the  book  committee 
before  it  is  purchased.  A  list,  containing  the 
recommendation  of  the  librarian,  is  presented 
to  a  member  of  the  book  committee,  with  the 
request  that  when  he  has  examined  the  list 
it  be  forwarded  to  a  second  member,  who,  in 
turn,  forwards  it  to  the  chairman,  after  which 
it  is  returned  to  the  library,  the  approval  or 
disapproval  of  each  member  being  indicated 
on  the  list.  Recommendations  for  the  pur- 
chase of  important  or  expensive  books  are 
held  until  the  regular  monthly  meeting  of  the 
committee,  when  the  question  as  to  the  ad- 
visability of  the  purchase  is  presented  to  the 
committee  for  discussion,  in  many  instances 
the  books  themselves  being  procured  for  ex- 
amination. By  this  means  the  members  of 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


the  book  committee  are  kept  fully  informed 
of  the  accessions  to  the  library's  collection. 

The  executive  committee  usually  meets  at 
the  president's  business  office  the  day  before 
or  on  the  day  of  the  board  meeting,  or  some- 
times a  few  hours  before  the  board  meeting 
in  the  library  board  room.  The  president  of 
the  board  is  the  chairman  of  the  executive 
committee.  The  executive  committee,  in  ad- 
dition to  having  the  supervision  of  the  affairs 
of  the  library  in  the  intervals  between  the 
meetings  of  the  board,  has  the  general  super- 
vision and  control  of  all  appointments  to,  and 
renewals  from,  the  library  service.  The  rec- 
ommendations of  the  administration  commit- 
tee, in  regard  to  appointments,  increases  in 
salary,  leaves  of  absence,  etc.,  are  presented 
to  the  executive  committee  for  approval,  and 
acted  upon  by  it  rather  than  the  board  of 
trustees.  A  report  of  the  action  of  the  ex- 
ecutive committee  is,  however,  made  to  the 
board,  and  the  recommendations  of  the  ad- 
ministration committee  in  detail  are  typewrit- 
ten in  duplicate  and  are  available  for  exam- 
ination, so  that  every  member  who  may  desire 
may  be  fully  informed  as  to  any  action  which 
affects  the  staff  of  the  library ;  and  the  board, 
if  it  desires,  may  reverse  the  action  of  the  ex- 
ecutive committee. 

The  board  of  trustees  meets  in  the  board 
room  in  the  Administration  Building  on  the 
third  Tuesday  evening  of  each  month,  with 
the  exception  stated.  The  president,  or,  in 
his  absence,  the  vice-president,  presides,  and 
as  soon  as  a  quorum  is  present  calls  upon 
the  secretary,  who  is  a  member  of  the  board, 
for  the  minutes  of  the  previous  meeting 
which  have  been  recorded  by  the  librarian, 
who  acts  as  the  clerk  of  the  board,  and  pre- 
pared in  proper  shape  by  the  library  force. 
The  treasurer,  who  is  a  member  of  the  board, 
with  a  staff  of  accountants  directly  under  his 
control,  whose  salaries  are  paid  by  the  library, 
personally  reads  his  report,  summarizing  all 
the  figures  of  the  month  and  the  year,  with 
details  where  these  are  of  practical  bearing. 
This  reading  takes  perhaps  ten  minutes,  and 
often  elicits  questions  to  the  treasurer  or 
librarian  as  to  individual  expenditures.  The 
librarian,  who  is  always  present,  unless  he  is 
requested  to  withdraw  for  the  possible  dis- 
cussion of  matters  of  personal  salary  or  other 


personal  question,  and  who  has  no  vote  in 
the  board  and  technically  no  voice,  then  pre- 
sents his  report,  in  which  he  gives  the  general 
figures  of  the  library  for  the  month  and  the 
year,  summarizes  the  circulation  at  the  sev- 
eral branches,  as  compared  with  the  same 
month  of  the  previous  year,  and  presents 
pithily  a  report  of  the  salient  events  of  the 
month  within  the  library  and  at  library  meet- 
ings at  which  he  was  a  delegate.  It  may  here 
be  mentioned  that  the  librarian  is  authorized 
by  specific  vote  of  the  board  to  represent  the 
library  at  specified  meetings,  at  the  expense 
of  the  library,  and  that  usually  a  second 
representative  is  sent  at  the  library's  expense 
to  A.  L.  A.  meetings,  and  other  employees 
are  permitted,  under  sanction  of  the  librarian, 
to  be  in  attendance  at  such  meetings  at  their 
own  expense,  but  without  loss  of  pay,  when 
this  is  not  to  the  detriment  of  the  service. 
The  librarian's  report  is  always  listened  to 
with  interest,  and  throughout  the  meeting  he 
is  practically  given  a  voice  in  the  discussion 
and  treated  as  a  member  of  the  board.  Re- 
ports of  the  executive  committee  and  the 
several  committees  are  then  presented  by  the 
respective  chairmen,  and  the  president  usually 
rules,  to  the  considerable  saving  of  time,  that 
a  recommendation  is  approved  by  the  board, 
Quaker  meeting  fashion,  unless  some  member 
raises  question.  Often,  however,  a  com- 
mittee asks  for  specific  action  by  the  board, 
or  a  member  makes  a  specific  motion,  and 
this  practically  results  in  a  thorough  discus- 
sion by  the  board  of  many  questions  of  policy 
and  administration,  as,  for  instance,  the  re- 
lations with  the  city,  the  policy  of  the  library 
toward  the  public,  the  methods  of  lighting 
and  the  contracts  for  coal.  A  year  or  two 
ago  the  board  considered  very  carefully  the 
whole  system  of  electric  lighting  throughout 
the  branches  of  the  library,  employed  an  ex- 
pert electrical  engineer,  considered  his  report, 
and,  as  a  result,  saved  nearly  half  the  cost 
of  lighting.  In  the  same  way  the  yearly  con- 
tract for  coal,  now  based  scientifically  on  the 
British  thermal  unit  system,  as  the  result  of 
a  similar  discussion  by  the  practical  business 
men  of  the  board,  is  thoroughly  discussed  be- 
fore the  administration  committee's  proposed 
award  of  the  contract  is  finally  approved. 
There  is,  then,  the  usual  call  for  unfinished 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


and  miscellaneous  business.  All  this  is  coram 
public o,  as  the  room  adjoining,  which  is  prac- 
tically an  extension  of  the  board  room,  is 
thrown  open  to  representatives  of  the  press 
and  the  public.  If  there  is  business  which 
can  be  better  discussed  in  private  session,  a 
motion  for  executive  session  is  passed;  the 
adjoining  room  is  then  shut  off,  and  the  pend- 
ing question  is  discussed  with  somewhat  less 
formality  and  freedom  in  such  executive  ses- 
sion. These  sessions  occur  perhaps  once  or 
twice  a  year,  sometimes  not  at  all  within  a 
year.  Thus  again  the  harmony  between  the 
governing  board  and  the  executive  officer,  the 
librarian,  is  fully  preserved  by  this  absolute 
touch  all  along  the  line  which  gives  full 
knowledge  to  every  member  of  the  board, 
and  full  opportunity  to  each  to  pass  upon  all 
library  affairs. 

The  annual  budget,  which  must  be  presented 
to  the  Board  of  Estimate  and  Apportionment 
of  the  City  of  New  York  at  its  October  meet- 
ing, receives  the  most  careful  attention  from 
the  trustees.  It  is  made  up  by  the  librarian 
and  treasurer,  submitted  to  the  administration 
and  finance  committees,  and  passed  upon  by 
the  executive  committee  before  it  is  presented 
to  the  Board  of  Estimate.  It  is  classified  and 
subdivided  in  detail,  according  to  a  scheme 
of  classification  adopted  by  the  city,  not  quite 
in  consonance  with  library  methods,  and  per- 
haps not  quite  as  useful  as  it  might  be  for 
that  reason.  The  trustees  administer  revenue 
now  approximating  half  a  million  dollars  a 
year.  These  include  the  direct  appropriation 
from  the  city  covered  in  the  budget,  which 
in  1912  was  $1,181,633.47  for  all  library  pur- 
poses, $417,000  being  for  the  borough  of 
Brooklyn;  the  fines  and  similar  items  desig- 
nated as  the  directors'  fund  approximating 
$18,000;  and  the  rentals  from  the  building  and 
proceeds  from  endowment  funds  of  the  old 
Brooklyn  Library  approximately  $16,000  per 
year.  The  total  revenue  for  1912  was  ap- 
proximately $451,000,  of  which  approximately 
$110,300  was  for  books,  $236,000  for  salaries, 
and  $104,700  for  supplies,  printing,  heating, 
lighting  and  other  items  of  expenditure,  be- 
ing, respectively,  24.4  per  cent.,  52.4  per  cent, 
and  23.2  per  cent.  It  may,  incidentally,  be 
noted  that  of  the  $107,800  book  expenditure 
in  1911,  $7397  was  for  periodicals.  $25,921  for 


binding,  and  $74,533  for  books,  and  that  the 
volumes  purchased  show  an  expenditure  of 
$1.24  per  volume,  including  the  rare  and  ex- 
pensive books  for  the  reference  department. 
The  expenditures  for  1912  will  show  practi- 
cally the  same  apportionment,  and  the  cost 
per  volume  will  be  approximately  the  same  as 
last  year.  The  details  of  all  these  expen- 
ditures are  in  full  control  of  the  trustees, 
first  through  the  budget,  secondly,  through 
appropriations  from  time  to  time,  and,  thirdly, 
through  detailed  monthly  statements  of  the 
librarian  and  of  the  treasurer,  although  the 
hands  of  the  trustees  are  tied,  more  or  less, 
by  the  fiscal  regulations  of  the  city,  which 
are  more  properly  applicable  to  city  depart- 
ments than  to  institutions  separately  con- 
trolled by  a  careful  and  conscientious  board 
of  trustees. 

The  librarian,  it  will  be  noted,  is  through- 
out the  library  organization  the  active  execu- 
tive officer,  and  the  board  of  trustees,  col- 
lectively and  individually,  limit  themselves 
carefully  to  general  direction,  advisory  rela- 
tions and  ultimate  control,  refraining  from 
interference  in  the  administrative  routine. 
This  gives  the  executive  officer  full  command 
of  his  staff  and  of  the  administrative  re- 
sources, so  that  his  hands  are  upheld,  and  he 
is  fully  the  master  of  the  situation.  There 
is  appeal  from  his  decision  for  any  member 
of  the  staff,  and  such  appeals  are  conscien- 
tiously considered  by  the  administration  com- 
mittee; but  unless  the  reasons  given  fully 
justify  the  appeal,  the  appellant  is  not  bet^ 
tered  in  the  eyes  of  the  trustees. 

The  application  of  these  principles  and 
methods  permit  the  administration,  with 
thorough  oversight  by  a  score  of  business 
and  professional  men,  of  a  library  system 
dealing  with  $3,000,000  of  invested  capital  and 
4,000,000  annual  circulation  of  books,  through 
seventeen  Carnegie  buildings,  eleven  other 
branches,  and  three  delivery  stations,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  Administration  Building.  When 
the  old  Brooklyn  Library,  now  known  as  the 
Montague  Branch,  and  the  administration 
work  are  brought  together  in  the  new  central 
building,  some  years  hence,  the  system,  sec- 
ond in  size  only  to  that  of  the  New  York 
Public  Library  in  Manhattan,  will  be  one  of 
the  most  complete  in  the  world. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


FREE   AND   INEXPENSIVE    REFERENCE   MATERIAL 
BY  FRANK  K.  WALTER,  Vice-Director,  New  York  State  Library  School 


LARGE  and  small  libraries  alike  are  interested 
in  the  question  of  inexpensive  reference  ma- 
terial. The  large  library  must  constantly  use 
much  material  of  only  temporary  value,  as 
well  as  much  that  may  be  of  considerable 
historic  value,  but  which  is  not  obtainable 
through  the  regular  channels  of  the  book 
trade.  The  small  library  may  use  such  ma- 
terial to  keep  up  to  date  at  the  lowest  possible 
expense. 

Fortunately,  this  need  can  often  be  met 
with  little  difficulty.  The  present  tendency 
toward  advertising  on  the  part  of  all  kinds 
of  corporations  and  institutions,  and  the  long- 
established  custom  of  issuing  printed  reports 
of  municipal,  state  and  national  governments, 
are  responsible  for  a  great  amount  of  material 
of  considerable  reference  value  which  may 
be  obtained  free  or  at  a  very  slight  cost.  So 
great  is  the  amount  of  such  material,  and  so 
varied  is  its  value,  that  good  judgment  on 
the  part  of  the  librarian  is  needed  in  deciding 
what  to  ask  for  and  what  to  keep  of  the 
things  received  by  the  library,  but  much  in- 
formation on  live  topics  can  be  obtained  in 
this  way  which  would  otherwise  be  out  of 
the  question  to  libraries  with  very  limited 
incomes.  The  large  library,  too,  can  profit- 
ably use  much  material  of  this  kind  in  its 
reference  department. 

So  many  kinds  of  this  material  exist  that 
only  a  few  of  the  more  important  can  be 
mentioned  here. 

i.  UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT  DOCUMENTS. 
These  are  sent  in  complete  sets  only  to 
"depository"  libraries,  but  other  libraries  may 
usually  obtain  such  as  they  need  by  writing 
for  them  to  the  Superintendent  of  Documents, 
Washington,  D.  C,  taking  care  to  mention 
that  they  are  for  library,  not  personal  use. 
The  Superintendent  of  Documents  does  not 
distribute  documents  free  to  individuals.  In 
some  cases,  the  departments  or  bureaus  issu- 
ing regular  series  of  publications  will  put  the 
library  on  a  mailing  list  to  receive  such  publi- 
cations regularly.  A  considerable  number  of 
the  government  departments  and  bureaus 

Abstract  of  an  address  at  the  Albany,  Middletown 
and  Poughkeepsie  Library  Institutes,  May,   1912. 


issue  lists  of  their  publications,  which  make 
it  easy  to  learn  what  is  published.  Except 
in  a  large  library  or  a  library  primarily  for 
reference  use,  it  is  seldom  advisable  to  at- 
tempt to  obtain  complete  sets  of  United  States 
documents,  as  they  take  a  great  amount  of 
shelf  room  and  are  in  most  cases  too  techni- 
cal for  general  use. 

In  case  the  library  possesses  United  States 
documents  that  are  of  no  value  in  its  work, 
a  rough  list  of  them  should  be  sent  to  the 
Superintendent  of  Documents,  who,  if  they 
are  of  any  value,  will  send  mail  bags  and 
franking  slips  for  their  return  to  him,  without 
any  expense  to  the  library.  If  he  cannot  use 
them,  they  should  be  sold  as  waste  paper. 

Only  a  careful  and  constant  study  of  the 
catalogs  of  government  documents  will  show 
all  that  may  be  of  value.  A  large  proportion 
of  the  publications  of  the  following  depart- 
ments and  bureaus  will  be  found  of  direct 
value  in  reference  work  in  nearly  all  libraries. 

Department  of  Agriculture. — Of  particular 
interest  to  farmers,  householders  and  house- 
keepers are  the  "Farmers'  Bulletins,"  many 
of  the  circulars  of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology, 
the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  the  Bureau; 
of  Chemistry,  and  the  Office  of  Public  Roads. 
All  publications  of  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture are  listed  in  the  "Monthly  List  of 
Publications"  issued  by  the  department. 

Census  Bureau. — Many  of  the  publications- 
of  this  bureau,  including  the  full  census  re- 
port, are  too  statistical  to  be  of  general  in- 
terest, but  many  of  them,  such  as  the  reports 
on  special  industries,  the  general  summary 
of  each  census,  published  after  the  full  re- 
port of  each  census,  and  a  few  special  publi- 
cations, such  as  the  "Century  of  Population 
Growth,  1790-1900,"  are  useful  in  any  library. 

Bureau  of  Education. — The  annual  report 
of  the  Commissioner  of  Education  is  a  very 
valuable  summary  of  educational  activities 
during  the  year,  and  frequently  includes  chap- 
ters on  library  matters.  Nearly  all  of  the 
regular  Bulletins  of  this  bureau  are  of  in- 
terest to  teachers,  and  several  are  devoted  to 
library  topics. 

Bureau  of  American  Ethnology. — The  an- 
nual reports  of  this  bureau  are  highly  in- 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


teresting  collections  of  articles  and  mono- 
graphs on  the  present  and  past  history  of  the 
American  Indian.  The  Bulletins  are  a  series 
of  monographs  on  the  same  general  subject. 
Nearly  all  of  the  publications  of  this  bureau 
are  admirably  illustrated. 

Geological  Survey. — This  bureau  publishes 
several  series  of  bulletins,  most  of  which 
appeal  chiefly  to  the  mining  or  civil  engineer 
and  to  the  professional  geologist.  A  consid- 
erable number  of  them,  however,  are  of  gen- 
eral or  local  interest.  Examples  are  "Geology 
of  the  Hudson  Valley,  between  the  Hoosic  and 
the  Kinderhook"  (Bulletin  242)  ;  "Boundaries 
of  the  United  States  and  of  the  several  states 
and  territories"  (Bulletin  226)  ;  "Rate  of  re- 
cession of  Niagara  Falls"  (Bulletin  306)  ; 
"Areas  of  the  United  States,  the  states  and 
the  territories"  (Bulletin  302)  ;  "Origin  of 
certain  place  names  in  the  United  States" 
(Bulletin  258).  Many  of  these  bulletins  have 
excellent  maps  and  illustrations. 

Another  very  useful  series  of  this  bureau 
is  the  series  of  topographic  maps,  covering 
nearly  one-third  of  the  entire  country.  Each 
sheet  covers  its  territory  thoroughly,  and  is 
on  a  large  scale.  The  largest  part  of  New 
York  state  and  many  other  states  have  been 
mapped,  and  sheets  covering  almost  any  small 
section  of  these  states  may  be  obtained  from 
the  Survey  at  five  cents  each,  with  a  discount 
in  quantities.  Booksellers  occasionally  keep 
them  in  stock.  None  of  these  "topographic 
sheets"  are  distributed  free,  except  to  "depos- 
itory libraries." 

Bureau  of  Labor. — The  publications  of  this 
bureau  are  concerned  with  the  workers  and 
industries  of  the  nation.  Most  of  them  are 
statistical,  but  many  are  of  general  interest. 
Examples  are  the  annual  "Statistical  abstract 
of  the  United  States"  and  the  quarterly  Bul- 
letin of  the  bureau,  which  contains  many  in- 
teresting special  articles.  ^ 

Library  of  Congress. — The  most  useful  of 
its  publications  to  small  libraries  are  probably 
its  lists  of  references  on  topics  of  present  in- 
terest, such  as  "Taxation  of  incomes,"  "Cost 
of  living,"  etc.,  and  its  catalog  cards,  which 
are  sold  to  hundreds  of  libraries  throughout 
the  country.  Many  of  its  special  publications 
are  of  great  value  to  the  larger  libraries. 

Smithsonian  Institution.  —  The  annual  re- 
ports are  collections  of  semi-popular  papers 


on  a  wide  range  of  scientific  subjects,  and,  in 
the  hands  of  an  alert  librarian,  are  of  much 
reference  value.  The  publications  of  the  Na- 
tional Museum,  which  is  a  part  of  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution,  are  primarily  for  the  scien- 
tific specialist. 

Congress. — The  Congressional  Record,  which 
is  a  full  report  of  all  the  public  proceedings 
of  Congress,  and  all  reports  made  to  Congress 
by  any  officer  of  the  national  government, 
are  published  by  Congress  and  can  usually 
best  be  obtained  through  the  local  Congress- 
man. Most  of  the  routine  reports  are  of 
little  use  in  small  libraries.  The  Congres- 
sional Record  is  considerably  used  for  debate 
work,  and  a  number  of  special  reports  and 
documents  of  general  value  are  issued  at 
each  session  of  Congress.  The  Congressional 
Directory  (obtainable,  also,  from  the  Super- 
intendent of  Documents  for  35  cents)  is  a 
most  valuable  handbook  of  the  national  gov- 
ernment. 

Pan- American  Union  (formerly  the  Inter- 
national Bureau  of  American  Republics). — 
This  issues  guide  books,  bulletins,  maps  and 
other  publications  of  great  interest  and  value 
to  anyone  interested  in  Spanish-American 
affairs.  A  list  may  be  obtained  on  application 
to  the  Director,  Pan-American  Union,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  The  Union  is  not  a  department 
of  the  United  States  government,  but  is 
affiliated  with  governmental  activities. 

2.    STATE  DOCUMENTS. 

These  are  usually  harder  to  get  than  United 
States  documents,  and  there  are  fewer  good 
lists.  The  local  Assemblyman  or  state  Senator 
is  usually  the  best  person  to  whom  to  apply, 
as  the  departments  and  state  offices  seldom 
have  more  than  a  limited  supply.  Early  ap- 
plication, if  possible,  is  desirable,  for  the  docu- 
ment rooms  in  most  states  are  in  charge  of 
men  selected  for  reasons  other  than  their 
interest  in  the  dissemination  of  information 
useful  to  the  general  public,  and  by  far  the 
greater  part  of  many  issues  of  state  docu- 
ments go  to  the  junk  man.  Occasionally,  as 
in  the  case  of  the  New  York  State  Labor 
Department  and  the  New  York  State  Educa- 
tion Department,  careful  mailing  lists  are 
kept  and  publications  are  distributed  direct 
from  the  department. 

Naturally,  the  documents  of  one's  own  state 


10 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


are  usually  the  most  useful,  though  in  many 
cases  those  of  other  states  are  very  valuable. 
Usually  there  is  no  wide  free  distribution 
outside  the  state  publishing  the  documents, 
except  to  institutions  and  to  individuals  hav- 
ing a  special  interest  in  the  document,  and 
often  a  nominal  charge  covering  the  postage 
or  other  transportation  charges  is  made.  As 
in  the  case  of  national  documents,  the  libra- 
rian should  beware  of  getting  too  many  of 
little  or  no  direct  value  to  her  particular 
library.  Many  statistical  and  highly  technical 
reports  of  great  value  to  the  special  investi- 
gator are  quite  useless  to  the  ordinary  user 
of  the  library. 

There  is  no  uniformity  in  the  character 
of  the  publications  of  the  different  states. 
Among  those  useful  to  small  libraries  are  the 
Legislative  Manual,  obtainable  through  the 
local  member  of  the  legislature.  This  serves 
for  the  state  government  a  purpose  similar  to 
that  served  the  national  government  by  the 
Congressional  Directory.  All  of  the  states 
issue  legislative  manuals.  The  New  York 
Red  Book  is  a  non-official  annual,  covering 
much  the  same  ground,  but  including  por- 
traits and  biographies  of  legislators  and  other 
state  officers  and  some  other  general  material. 
It  can  usually  be  obtained  from  the  local 
member  of  the  legislature.  The  agricultural 
colleges  at  Cornell  University,  Geneva  (N.  Y.) 
and  those  of  other  states  issue  valuable  series 
of  bulletins.  In  general,  in  any  state,  the  pub- 
lications of  the  State  Agricultural  Department 
and  the  state  agricultural  colleges,  the  reports 
and  bulletins  of  the  state  geologist  of  the  State 
Education  Department  and  the  State  Labor 
Department  are  worth  careful  consideration. 

3.  MUNICIPAL  DOCUMENTS. 

As  the  publication  and  distribution  of  these 
is  usually  more  loosely  conducted  even  than 
that  of  state  documents,  they  are  harder  to 
obtain  regularly,  and  except  such  as  are 
strictly  local,  they  are  seldom  of  much  gen- 
eral value.  Exceptions  may  usually  be  made 
in  favor  of  the  local  school  reports,  building 
codes,  the  ordinances  of  the  city  council,  and 
regulations  of  the  local  board  of  health,  and 
occasional  special  reports. 

4.  PUBLICATIONS   OF   SOCIETIES   AND   INSTITU- 

TIONS. 

This  general  class  includes  the  widest  di- 
versity of  material  from  bulletins,  year  books 


and  reports  of  local  churches,  secret  societies, 
charitable  institutions,  etc.,  and  the  occasional 
publications  of  local  institutions,  like  banks, 
social  clubs  and  the  like,  to  the  proceedings 
of  societies  of  national  scope.  It  is  usually  a 
good  thing  to  keep,  if  space  permits,  anything 
relating  in  any  way  to  the  history  of  the 
community,  such  as  anniversary  pamphlets, 
programs,  etc.  In  most  cases  such  material 
is  rather  easy  to  get,  and  care  must  be  taken 
not  to  overdo  this  side  of  the  work.  Dona- 
tions of  this  sort  should  never  be  taken  with- 
out at  least  an  implied  understanding  that 
they  may  be  kept  or  discarded,  as  the  libra- 
rian sees  fit. 

Much  valuable  sociological  material  can  be 
obtained  free  from  societies  like  the  American 
Association  for  International  Conciliation,  the 
Lake  Mohonk  Conferences  on  International 
Arbitration  and  on  Indian  Welfare,  and  the 
School  of  Philanthropy  of  New  York  City. 

5.    COMMERCIAL  ADVERTISEMENTS. 

Information  concerning  this  class  of  ma- 
terial can  usually  best  be  found  in  the  ad- 
vertising pages  of  reputable  periodicals.  Ma- 
terial of  this  kind  is  often  of  great  use  if 
.carefully  selected,  and  used  with  the  under- 
standing that  it  was  issued  primarily  for  ad- 
vertising purposes.  Among  common  sources 
of  material  of  this  sort  may  be  mentioned: 

(1)  Railroad    and    steamship    lines. — These 
often  issue  very  valuable  booklets,  maps  and 
folders.     Among  the   steamship   lines   whose 
publications  are  of   general   interest  may  be 
mentioned    the    North    German    Lloyd,    the 
Cunard,  Hamburg-American  and  the  Old  Do- 
minion lines.    Among  railroads,  the  Delaware 
and    Hudson    (whose   time   table    includes    a 
valuable  historical  map  of  the  upper  Hudson 
Valley),  the  New  York  Central  and  Hudson 
River,  the  Santa  Fe,  Northern  Pacific,  Rock 
Island,   and   the   London   and    Northwestern. 
The  time-table  rack  in  any  hotel  lobby  will 
furnish  many  other  examples. 

(2)  Industrial  establishments. — Trade  cata- 
logs and  house  organs  often  give  the  latest 
information  on  new  trade  processes  and  ma- 
chinery,   and    are    indispensable   in    the    large 
library  with  a  technology  department,  and  use- 
ful in  any  library  in  an  industrial  town.  Many 
firms  issue  booklets  giving  popular  illustrated 
accounts  of  general  manufacturing  processes. 
These    are    often    valuable    in    school    work. 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


II 


Examples  are  the  descriptive  booklets  of  the 
Riverside  Press,  "The  biography  of  a  book," 
issued  by  Harper  &  Brothers,  and  the  pamph- 
let on  "Manufacture  of  paper,"  issued  by  the 
Champion  Coated  Paper  Co.,  of  Hamilton,  O. 
Several  publishing  houses  have  recently  issued 
biographical  pamphlets  on  authors  whose 
works  they  publish,  e.  g.,  Little,  Brown 
&  Co.,  on  E.  Phillips  Oppenheim;  the  "Kip- 
ling primer"  of  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.;  a 
sketch  of  John  Galsworthy  by  Charles  Scrib- 
ner's  Sons,  and  one  on  John  Ames  Mitchell 
by  the  F.  A.  Stokes  Co. 

The  publications  of  local  boards  of  trade 
are  usually  well  illustrated  and  fairly  reliable 
handbooks  of  their  respective  cities. 

In  gathering  this  class  of  material,  be  sure 
that  only  reputable  firms  are  represented  in 
your  collection.  Beware  of  sending  to  pub- 
lishers for  specimen  pages  of  advertised 
books  unless  you  are  willing  to  devote  a  great 
deal  of  time  to  agents.  Also  beware  of  book- 
lets issued  by  real  estate  promoters  or  mining 
companies  and  any  others  which  are  issued 
"with  intent  to  deceive." 

Clipping  bureaus  are  seldom  of  much  use 
to  small  libraries.  An  exception  must  be 
made  in  favor  of  the  H.  W.  Wilson  Co.,  of 
Minneapolis,  whose  system  of  renting  period- 
ical articles  brings  practically  any  material 
listed  in  the  current  standard  indexes  within 
the  temporary  reach  of  any  library. 

6.  PUBLICATIONS   OF   LIBRARIES   AND   LIBRARY 

COMMISSIONS. 

These  are  usually  bibliographic  or  descrip- 
tive of  some  phase  of  library  work.  They 
are  usually  obtainable  free  or  for  return  post- 
age, and  are  preeminently  useful  as  time- 
savers. 

7.  INTERLIBRARY  LOANS. 

Though  a  temporary  source  of  material, 
this  is  one  of  the  most  important  of  all  to 
the  small  library.  So  cordial  are  library  rela- 
tions that  the  small  library  can  usually  call 
with  confidence  on  the  nearest  large  library 
for  aid.  On  the  other  hand,  common  pro- 
fessional courtesy  demands  that  the  resources 
of  one's  own  library  be  exhausted  before 
others  are  called  upon  for  assistance,  nor 
should  an  unreasonable  amount  of  time  or 
excessive  loans  of  books  be  requested.  In 


New  York  state,  the  logical  place  to  ask  for 
such  aid  is  the  State  Library,  whose  purpose 
is  to  serve  the  library  interests  of  the  state 
in  every  way  possible.  In  other  states,  the 
state  library  or  state  library  commission  usu- 
ally supervises  this  work. 

8.    SINGLE  COPIES  OF  MAGAZINES,  PICTURES  AND 
OTHER  MISCELLANEOUS  MATERIAL. 

Useful  material,  in  the  form  of  gifts,  can 
often  be  obtained,  especially  about  houseclean- 
ing  or  moving  time.  This  must  be  selected 
and  accepted  with  discrimination,  and  all  use- 
less material  consigned  at  once  to  the  dupli- 
cate shelves  or  the  junk  pile.  Useful  chap- 
ters, passages,  pictures,  etc.,  should  be  re- 
moved and  filed  in  some  convenient  place. 
Social  clubs  and,  occasionally,  newspaper 
offices,  are  often  fruitful  sources  of  material, 
and  the  donors  in  such  cases  are  less  likely 
to  be  sensitive  about  the  disposition  of  gifts 
than  individuals  usually  are. 

Whatever  the  kind  of  library,  two  facts 
should  be  observed  in  any  attempt  to  get 
something  for  little  or  nothing.  First,  that 
low  price  is  not  necessarily  indicative  of  low 
value,  and  that  alertness  may  secure  for  a 
library  much  that  is  useful  at  little  or  no 
cost,  other  than  postage.  Second,  the  fact 
that  a  book  or  pamphlet  costs  little  or  noth- 
ing" is  not  in  itself  a  reason  for  adding  it  to 
a  library.  Selection  is  necessary  here,  as 
well  as  in  the  case  of  more  expensive  books, 
and  it  is  easy  to  waste  over  useless  matter 
valuable  time  that  could  be  better  used  in 
getting  results  from  things  already  in  the 
library.  Neither  should  the  librarian  depend 
too  much  on  things  that  are  really  collateral 
rather  than  essential.  Cheap  material  may  be 
a  valuable  supplement,  but  it  can  never  be- 
come a  satisfactory  substitute  for  standard 
books  or  periodicals. 

SOME  AIDS  IN  THE  SELECTION  OF  CURRENT 
INEXPENSIVE  REFERENCE  MATERIAL 

GENERAL 

Publishers'   Weekly.     New   York,   Publishers' 

Weekly,  298  Broadway.    $4. 

Includes,  especially  in  the  monthly  cumula- 
tive numbers,  many  pamphlets  and  occasional 
bound  volumes,  obtainable  "gratis"  or  at  a 
nominal  price.  Includes  many  state  and  United 
States  documents. 


12 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{January,  1913 


Cumulative  Book  Index.    Minneapolis,  H.  W. 

Wilson  Co.     (Monthly.)     $6. 

Includes  much  the  same  entries  as  the  Pub- 
Ushers'    Weekly,    with    perhaps    rather    more 
entries  of  minor  western  publications. 
Reader's     Guide     (Abridged).      Minneapolis, 

H.  W.  Wilson  Co.     (Monthly.)     $4. 

Formerly  the  Eclectic  Library  Catalog.  Pri- 
marily a  periodical  index,  but  includes  in  each 
number  a  "check  list  of  government  and  other 
valuable  publications  distributed  free  or  at  a 
nominal  price." 

LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  Public  Libraries  and  New 

York  Libraries. 

All  three  make  special  mention  of  many 
items  of  this  kind.  The  first  has  a  regular 
column  of  current  bibliographies. 

UNITED   STATES   DOCUMENTS 

A.  L.  A.  Booklist.   Chicago,  American  Library 

Association.     (Monthly.)     $i. 

Includes  brief  list  of  United  States  docu- 
ments useful  in  small  libraries. 

Monthly    Catalog    of    United    States    Public 
Documents.    Washington,  Government  Print- 
ing Office.    Free  to  libraries. 
Complete  list  of   departments   of   all   docu- 
ments   issued    by    the    national    government. 
Fullest  of  any  list.    'Quarterly  and  annual  in- 
dexes. 

Monthly  list  of  publications,  U.  S.  Department 
of    Agriculture.      Washington,    Editor    and 
Chief,  Division  of   Publications,  U.   S.  De- 
partment of  Agriculture.     Free. 
Four-page  list  of  one  department  only,  but 

includes  much  that  is  very  useful. 

New  publications   of   the   Geological  Survey. 

Washington,    director,    Geological     Survey. 

(Monthly.)    Free. 

Lists  occasional  items  useful  to  the  small 
library,  and  many  of  value  to  larger  libraries. 

Price  lists  and  leailets.  Washington,  Superin- 
tendent of  Documents.  Free  on  applica- 
tion. 

Subject  lists  of  documents,  including  many 
analytical  references.  The  lists  make  very 
serviceable  bibliographies.  Among  the  sub- 
jects treated  are  food  and  diet,  dairy  indus- 


try,  Indians,   education,   tariff,   poultry,   polit- 
ical economy. 

In  addition  to  the  lists  noted  above,  many 
of  the  departments  issue,  from  time  to  time, 
lists  of  their  publications  available  for  dis- 
tribution. Among  these  are  the  Department 
of  Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Education,  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce  and  Labor,  Library  of 
Congress,  Geological  Survey,  Census  Bureau 
and  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

STATE  DOCUMENTS 

Monthly  List   of  State   Publications.     Wash- 
ington, Library  of  Congress.    50  cents. 
The  only  list  of  current  publications  of  all 
the  states  and  territories  that  even  approaches 
completeness.     Gives  practically  all   informa- 
tion necessary,  except  as  to  whether  the  docu- 
ment is  free  or  not. 

New  York  Libraries.  Recent  state  publica- 
tions of  interest. 

This  department,  formerly  conducted  by 
Mr.  F.  L.  Tolman,  will  be  resumed  in  future 
numbers  of  New  York  Libraries,  under  the 
direction  of  Mr.  C.  B.  Lester,  legislative  ref- 
erence librarian.  It  will  be  a  brief  annotated 
list  of  New  York  state  documents,  with  direc- 
tions as  to  the  best  method  of  obtaining  the 
documents  listed. 

New  York  State  Education  Department.  Gen- 
eral department  publications.  (Handbook 
6.)  March,  1911.  Albany,  State  Education 
Department.  Free. 

Lists  publications  of  the  department  still  in 
print.  Many  of  these  are  valuable  and  inter- 
esting to  teachers  and  others. 

State  Museum.  List  of  Museum  publi- 
cations. Albany,  State  Education  Depart- 
ment. Free. 

Frequently  revised.  Includes  all  publica- 
tions still  in  print.  Among  them  are  the  in- 
teresting Archaeology  Bulletins  and  many  ad- 
mirably illustrated  geological  monographs. 

Other  lists  may  be  found  on  the  covers  of 
publications  of  the  departments  concerned, 
e.  g.,  New  York  State  Library  publications  in 
the  bulletins  of  the  library  and  the  Library 
School,  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor  in  the  Quar- 
terly Bulletin  of  the  bureau,  etc.,  and  similar 
departments  in  other  states. 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


EXPERIMENTS   IN   LIBRARY   EXTENSION 
BY  GEORGE  H.  EVANS,  Librarian,  Woburn  (Mass.)  Public  Library 


THE  subject  of  my  remarks  is  intended  to 
suggest  not  ideals,  purposes,  nor  theories,  the 
need  and  value  of  which  I  should  be  the  last 
to  disparage  and  the  first  to  recognize  and 
urge,  but  some  actual  attempts  to  push  a 
little  farther  out  the  frontier  line  of  library 
influence  and  usefulness.  The  librarian  whom 
the  ferment  of  the  pioneer  spirit  urges  ever 
onward  into  new  and  uncharted  territories  is 
the  one  most  likely  to  sift  the  actual  from 
the  theoretical,  to  whom  things  already  real- 
ized seem  most  clearly  to  map  out  the  path 
to  further  accomplishment.  I  shall,  therefore, 
try  to  tell  in  a  direct  and  concrete  way  about 
some  experiments,  quite  disconnected,  save  in 
their  single  purpose  of  adding  to  the  useful- 
ness of  the  library  in  the  community. 

First,  then,  an  experiment  within  the  library. 
Every  librarian,  at  times,  indulges  in  those 
elusive  and  hardly  realized  day  dreams  of 
improving  the  literary  taste  of  his  own  little 
coterie  of  readers.  Like  the  will-o'-the-wisp, 
the  results  of  these  efforts  are  difficult  to 
put  one's  hands  upon.  Taste  in  reading  is 
peculiar.  It  seems  to  have  an  almost  organic 
relation  to  the  native  fiber  of  the  man.  I 
have  known  a  day  laborer  who  read  Homer 
of  an  evening,  and  a  college  professor  who 
drained  to  their  unsavory  dregs  the  offerings 
of  the  daily  press. 

A  large  and  attractive  bulletin  was  made, 
with  the  heading,  "Books  the  world  calls 
great."  Beneath  this,  at  the  left,  was  paneled 
off  a  space  for  the  posting  of  lists.  Along- 
side the  panel  was  a  notice  to  the  effect  that 
the  books  named  in  the  accompanying  list 
would  be  found  on  the  shelf  below,  and  that 
each  month  the  list  would  be  changed.  As 
each  new  list  was  posted,  it  was  fastened,  at 
the  top  only,  over  the  list  of  the  previous 
month,  thus  making  a  cumulation  of  titles  to 
which  a  reader  could  always  refer  should  any 
topic  tempt  his  appetite  to  further  tasting. 
Selections  were  made  under  such  subjects  as 
biography,  history,  travel,  natural  science,  fic- 
tion, essays,  poetry  and  drama.  The  shelf 
selected  for  the  exhibit  was  craftily  located 
in  the  midst  of  the  new  book  section,  as  un- 
doubtedly the  best  advertising  space  within 
the  library  walls.  This  plan  was  followed 

Read    before    Rhode    Island    Library    Association, 
Nov.    u,   1912. 


throughout  the  busy  part  of  the  year.  A 
check  upon  circulation  showed  for  non-fiction 
an  increase  of  about  33  per  cent,  over  the 
corresponding  period  of  the  previous  year. 
An  interesting  feature  was  a  decrease  in  the 
circulation  of  the  fiction  selected,  ascribed  to 
the  absence  of  the  books  from  their  accus- 
tomed place,  so  much  better  known  to  bor- 
rowers than  the  location  of  particular  classes 
of  non-fiction.  It  is  an  open  question  whether, 
upon  the  whole,  the  advertising  of  "best 
books"  is  psychologically  sound. 

Much  more  desirable  is  that  type  of  out- 
ward extension  of  the  library's  field  which 
has  for  its  object  the  reaching  of  those  who 
do  not  already  have  affiliations  with  the  li- 
brary. For  all-around  effectiveness,  I  do  not 
believe  that  there  is  any  agency  to  compare 
with  the  press.  Experience  in  different  places 
convinces  me  that  the  paper  that  will  not  co- 
operate cordially  with  public  library  work,  if 
properly  approached,  is  not  only  blind  to  its 
own  opportunities,  but  is  the  rare  excep- 
tion. 

Our  library  in  Woburn  is  now  conducting 
a  weekly  library  corner  in  the  two  local 
dailies.  This  is  a  feature  of  the  Wednesday 
evening  issue,  publishing  identical  matter  sim- 
ultaneously in  both  papers.  It  occupies  a 
double  column  under  a  distinctive  heading,  in 
connection  with  which  is  used  in  the  form  of 
a  motto  a  happy  phrase  from  the  will  of  the 
chief  benefactor  of  the  library:  "For  the  use, 
benefit  and  improvement  of  the  people  of 
Woburn."  There  is  practically  no  limit  as  to 
space  or  to  subject  matter.  The  double  col- 
umn format  is  more  attractive  to  the  eye,  and 
makes  the  corner  stand  out  prominently  from 
the  rest  of  the  page.  Permanence  of  position 
is  desirable,  as  a  familiar  feature  always  tends 
to  fix  a  mental  habit. 

The  nature  of  the  copy  supplied  for  the 
corner  is  quite  varied ;  in  fact,  anything  of 
interest  that  we  can  hang  on  a  library  peg: 
library  news  of  all  sorts,  book  accessions, 
reading  lists  on  current  topics,  and  subjects 
in  constant  demand,  special  book  notices  and 
book  chat  of  the  day,  notes  on  local  history, 
special  days,  etc.  In  connection  with  the 
newspaper  column  are  used  bulletin  boards 
and  special  reservations  of  bo'oks,  as  occasion 
indicates. 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


Incidentally,  the  library  corner  takes  the 
place  of  the  Bulletin,  formerly  published  and 
discontinued  for  financial  reasons.  I  believe 
it  to  be  the  more  valuable  of  the  two.  It  is 
particularly  adapted  to  the  small  library  of 
limited  resources  in  any  community  that  sup- 
ports a  local  paper.  To  summarize,  its  ad- 
vantages are  wide  dissemination,  not  confined 
to  present  users  of  the  library;  regularity  and 
frequency,  persistence  and  variety  of  appeal. 

On  account  of  their  adaptability,  special 
reading  lists  have  received  much  attention 
from  librarians.  One  hardly  expects  to  dis- 
play any  originality  in  this  field.  Out  of 
numerous  experiments  we  note  two  or  three 
of  attested  usefulness. 

A  committee  of  our  local  woman's  club  is 
sponsor  for  one.  I  assume,  by  the  way,  that 
every  woman's  club  has  a  library  committee. 
If  not,  let  me  commend  to  you  its  usefulness 
in  matters  of  cooperation.  Primarily,  this 
list  is  for  the  use  of  the  club  members;  inci- 
dentally, for  all  who  care  to  refer  to  it.  It 
includes  carefully  selected  lists  on  such  topics 
as  English  and  American  fiction,  education, 
art,  conservation,  civics  and  domestic  science. 
A  strongly  bound  copy  of  this  list,  kept  at 
the  desk,  is  in  frequent  use.  The  prestige  of 
a  strong  and  active  club  adds  to  its  value. 

The  English  department  of  our  high  school 
also  maintains  a  reading  list  at  the  library. 
It  numbers  several  hundred  titles,  broadly 
classified,  but  carefully  graded,  designed  for 
the  three  higher  classes.  The  library  under- 
takes to  have  all  the  titles  on  this  list,  and 
to  duplicate  some  of  them  liberally.  The  list, 
now  in  typewritten  form,  has  become  so  use- 
ful, and  is  so  constantly  in  demand,  that  it 
is  proposed  to  print  a  revised  and  enlarged 
edition  for  distribution.  In  such  an  event, 
we  hope  to  make  still  further  use  of  it  out- 
side the  school,  and  believe  that,  when  it  is 
possible  for  them  personally  to  own  a  copy, 
many  pupils  will  continue  to  refer  to  it  after 
graduation.  A  merit  of  the  present  tempo- 
rary form  is  the  ease  and  consequent  fre- 
quency of  revision  which  permits  the  addition 
of  such  new  titles  as  seem  worthy  of  inclu- 
sion and  within  the  scope  of  its  purpose. 
The  newer  titles  seem  to  remove  to  a  certain 
extent  the  curse  of  taboo  that  in  the  student 
mind  rests  upon  all  required  reading. 

Still  another  form  of  the  list  we  find  very 
useful  in  facilitating  the  exchange  of  books 


lent  to  the  high  school  for  collateral  reading. 
Such  lists  are  on  cards,  arranged  under  guides 
bearing  the  names  of  the  courses  of  study. 
Teachers  are  thereby  enabled  to  revise  or  in- 
sert new  titles,  as  they  see  fit,  easily  and  with- 
out confusion.  By  means  of  this  list  we  are 
able  to  make  quick  delivery  of  any  course 
desired. 

A  brief  reference  to  an  interesting  and 
possibly  unique  phase  of  high  school  and 
library  relations  will  conclude  my  remarks. 
It  grows  out  of  the  possession  by  the  school 
of  an  excellent  library  of  its  own,  newly 
housed  and  equipped.  This  has  an  assured 
income  adequate  for  the  purchase  of  books, 
but  limited  to  that  purpose,  with  a  consequent 
maintenance  problem.  Here  are  two  libraries, 
then,  with  lines  of  work  parallel  where  not 
identical,  a  situation  well  calculated  for  waste- 
ful duplication  of  books  and  effort.  Happily,, 
however,  a  spirit  of  cooperation  makes  it 
easy  in  most  cases  to  avoid  undesired  duplica- 
tions. No  books  of  importance  are  added  to- 
the  school  library  without  first  ascertaining 
whether  they  are  in  the  public  library,  and, 
if  not  necessary  to  both,  in  which  they  will 
be  most  useful. 

The  administration  of  the  school  library 
has  been  something  of  a  problem.  Under 
the  general  charge  of  a  teacher,  the  books 
were  formerly  prepared  for  use  by  students 
of  library  economy,  whose  services  could  be 
secured  without  compensation  other  than  the 
experience  and  practice  obtained.  The  re- 
sults were  unsatisfactory,  owing  to  lack  of 
continuity  and  differing  individual  viewpoints. 
The  experience  of  two  or  three  years  showed 
not  only  such  divergencies  from  the  usages 
of  the  public  library  as  might  have  been  ex- 
pected, but  also  internal  inconsistencies  of 
cataloging  and  classification.  Such  a  condi- 
tion naturally  tended  to  confusion  in  the 
minds  of  both  teachers  and  students. 

In  the  meantime,  however,  the  teacher  in 
charge,  being  an  observing  person  of  practical 
bent,  had  learned  much.  On  her  initiative  the 
old  plan  of  management  was  abandoned  a 
year  ago,  and  the  work  of  the  high  school 
library  was  converted  into  what  is  practically 
an  elementary  laboratory  course  in  library 
economy.  It  was  hoped  thereby  to  combine 
economy,  internal  consistency  and  uniformity 
with  the  methods  of  the  public  library,  and, 
at  the  same  time,  give  instruction  about  books 
to  a  small  class. 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


In  accordance,  therefore,  with  this  plan, 
seven  seniors  were  allowed  a  credit  of  four 
hours  a  week  throughout  the  year.  The 
course  is  a  combination  of  lectures,  recita- 
tions, reports  and  the  actual  preparation,  and 
handling  of  the  books  of  the  school  library, 
together  with  the  general  care  of  the  stock 
of  the  text-books.  The  class  is  expected  to 
become  familiar  with  the  construction  and 
use  of  the  dictionary  catalog  and  the  princi- 
ples and  most  important  divisions  of  the 
decimal  classification.  They  are  given  prac- 
tice in  classifying  books  in  the  simpler  classes, 
assigning  Cutter  numbers,  reading  the  shelves 
and  arranging  books.  They  learn  how  to 
open,  mend  and  care  for  books,  and  how  to 
prepare  them  for  the  shelves  and  for  circula- 
tion. Instruction  is  given  in  the  relative  value 
of  the  better-known  reference  books,  both 
general  and  special,  together  with  their  scope 
and  limitations,  with  illustrative  use  of  the 
same.  Bibliographies,  based  upon  material  in 
the  public  library,  are  made  both  for  individ- 
uals and  for  special  topics. 

The  main  dependence  in  mapping  out  the 
work  has  been  placed  upon  such  well-known 
books  as  Dana's  "Modern  American  library 
economy  series,"  Ward's  "Practical  use  of 
books  and  libraries,"  Kroeger's  "Guide  to  the 
study  and  use  of  reference  books,"  the  Deci- 
mal Classification,  Cutter's  "Alphabet  order 
table,"  and  the  A.  L.  A.  "List  of  subject  head- 
ings." With  these  are  combined  readings 
from  other  sources,  such  as  Spofford's  "Books 
for  all  readers,"  and  Bostwick's  "The  Amer- 
ican public  library."  For  cataloging,  Library 
of  Congress  cards  are  used. 

The  librarian  of  the  public  library  has 
participated  to  the  extent  of  assisting  the 
teacher  in  laying  out  the  course  and  giving 
lectures,  informal  talks  arid  demonstrations 
to  the  class  on  such  subjects  as  the  selection, 
treatment  and  use  of  books,  reference  works, 
bindings,  the  catalog,  mending,  marking  and 
library  handwriting.  In  addition  to  this  work 
with  the  class,  he  has  lectured  to  the  senior 
class  and  teachers  on  the  making  of  books 
and  the  significance  of  their  parts. 

The  high  school  entrusts  the  care  of  its 
large  collection  of  text-books,  which  is  dis- 
tinct from  the  school  library,  to  the  class 
which  attends  to  the  charging  system  and 
keeps  the  books  mended.  The  latter  especial- 
ly is  a  happy  solution  of  an  old  problem.  The 


library  is  satisfactorily  supervised,  the  new 
accessions  prepared  for  use,  and  other  routine 
work  discharged.  A  considerable  number  of 
needed  bibliographies  have  been  made  for  dif- 
ferent teachers,  who  are  finding  it  very  con- 
venient to  refer  to  this  new  source  for  in- 
formation and  assistance. 

The  public  library  feels  an  increased  in- 
terest and  understanding.  Uniformity  and 
avoidance  of  confusion  have  been  secured. 
The  teachers  are  being  educated  in  the  re- 
sources of  the  library,  and  as  our  local  teach- 
ing corps  is  mostly  recruited  from  home 
material,  it  is  quite  probable  that  we  are  even 
now  teaching  embryo  teachers. 

As  for  the  pupil,  the  purpose  of  the  course 
is  not  to  make  of  him  a  librarian,  though  the 
suggestions  of  a  vocation  are  obvious.  It 
aims  rather  to  instill  some  working  knowl- 
edge of  books  and  the  resources  of  the 
library. 

BORROWERS  OF  A  GERMAN  MUNICI- 
PAL LIBRARY  CLASSIFIED 

THE  following  classification  of  borrowers 
of  a  German  municipal  library,  the  Breslau 
Stadtbibliothek,  may  be  of  interest  as  indi- 
cating the  library  clientele.  The  figures  are 
taken  from  the  report  for  1911.  The  circula- 
tion was  47,346.  In  translation,  there  was 
some  difficulty  in  finding  exact  equivalents, 
e.  g.,  Landwirte  and  Gartner,  translated  as 
farmers  and  gardeners,  in  reality  connote  a 
more  trained  class  of  workers  than  is  sug- 
gested by  the  English  use  of  those  terms. 


Occupation  of  Borrowers. 

City. 

Out- 
side. 

Total. 

High-school  Teachers 

,6 

g 

Students  

30 

Theology  Catholic  .... 

54      6 

.• 

62 

62 

Law  

280 

g 

_0£ 

62 

62 

Philosophy  

600 

f.    „ 

*fl 

Lawyers,     Judges,    Administra- 
tors, etc  

40  c 

26 

Doctors  and  Chemists          .  ... 

Officials  of  Scientific  Institutions. 
Teachers  in  Colleges  etc. 

,3 

i 

eg 

28 

Teachers  in  Elementary  Schools. 
Minor  Officials  

206 

65 

192 

271 

Authors  and  Artists  

10 

s? 

Technologists,  Farmers,  Garden- 
ers, Manufacturers,  Merchants, 
Mechanics  

Military  Officers  

26 

Men,  no  calling  

187 

Women  

, 

06 

A 

Students  

11 

6-3 

Other  

l8q 

g 

Government  Officials  

38 

„     T9T 

go 

2958 

344 

3302 

i6 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


PRESERVATION  OF  PAPER 
AT  a  meeting  of  the  committee  appointed 
-by  the  American  Library  Association  to  study 
methods  of  preserving  newspaper  files  for  use 
of  future  generations,  held  Nov.  26,  1912,  at 
the  Montague  Branch  of  the  Brooklyn  Pub- 
lic Library,  when,  at  the  invitation  of  the 
committee,  representatives  of  New  York  and 
Brooklyn  newspapers  were  asked  to  partici- 
pate in  the  study  of  the  question,  Mr.  John 
Norris,  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Paper 
of  the  American  Newspaper  Publishers' Asso- 
ciation, submitted  the  following  observations: 
"Much  has  been  said  recently  by  librarians 
.about  the  inferiority  of  the  newsprint  paper 
which  goes  into  bound  files  of  the  libraries 
for  the  purposes  of  reference  and  historical 
preservation.  An  examination  of  the  places 
of  storage  in  the  libraries  and  the  conditions 
of  storage  convinces  me  that  while  the  ordi- 
nary newsprint  paper  may  not  be  in  any  re- 
spect suitable  for  purposes  of  preservation, 
the  methods  of  handling  those  papers  when 
.bound  are  conducive  to  deterioration.  This 
criticism  applies  not  only  to  libraries,  but  to 
newspaper  offices,  and  substantially  to  all 
places  where  newspaper  files  are  stored.  In 
many  of  the  libraries,  the  files  are  subjected 
to  treatment  which  deprives  the  paper  of  its 
required  moisture.  The  libraries  dry  out  the 
newspapers  by  keeping  them  in  rooms  with 
an  average  temperature  of  70  degrees,  which 
is  bound  in  the  course  of  time  to  cause  de- 
terioration. The  artificial  heat  renders  the 
paper  extremely  brittle  and  makes  it  crumble 
like  isinglass  when  handled.  Excessive  damp- 
ness is  also  disadvantageous.  One  of  the 
paper  authorities  says  that  proximity  to  the 
seashore  causes  paper  to  fade  more  quickly. 

HOW    IMPROVEMENT    MAY    BE    OBTAINED 

"Improvement  in  the  preservation  of  these 
historical  records  may  be  obtained : 

"ist,  by  using  a  printing  paper  that  will 
endure  indefinitely;  2d,  by  binding  with  ma- 
terials that  do  not  attract  minute  organisms ; 
3d,  by  storing  under  conditions  (a)  that 
do  not  deprive  the  paper  of  all  its  moisture; 
(b)  or  subject  it  to  excessive  dampness;  (c) 
or  subject  it  to  chemical  action  produced  by 
sunshine  or  gas  or  artificial  heat  or  similar 
agencies  of  deterioration;  (d)  or  propagate 
insects  or  other  growth. 

"In  gathering  information  that  relates  to 
the  preservation  of  the  printed  paper,  I  have, 
at  the  request  of  newspaper  publishers,  in-- 
quired  about  the  storage  and  preservation  of 
newsprint  rolls  which  I  will  also  touch  upon 
in  this  compilation. 

"The  matter  of  paper  preservation  has  at- 
tracted attention  for  centuries.  Pliny  says 
the  ancients  preserved  their  paper  and  books 
from  moths  by  washing  them  over  with 
cedar  or  citron  oil.  In  1773,  the  Royal  So- 
ciety of  Sciences,  at  Gottingen,  offered  a 
-premium  for  the  answers  to  questions  rclat- 


irg  to  insects  found  in  records  and  books. 
The  answers  accepted  at  that  time  indicated 
that  five  insects  were  destructive,  and  that 
six  appeared  to  be  doubtful.  They  recom- 
mended that  bookbinders  use  glue  mixed  with 
alum  in  place  of  paste.  The  ravages  of  in- 
sects vary  according  to  latitude.  The  cigar- 
ette beetle  has  been  described  as  the  most 
destructive  raider  upon  books.  A  publication, 
entitled  'Bookworms  of  fact  and  fancy/  gives 
a  list  of  insects,  and  includes: 

"The  bedbug,  found  in  wood  papers;  white 
ants,  found  in  clay  fillers;  roaches,  after  oils 
and  fats  in  parchments;  beetles,  in  skin  bind- 
ings; spring  tails  and  silver  fish,  in  dry  and 
warm  locations;  centipedes  and  scorpions, 
which  prey  upon  the  insects  found  in  libraries. 

"These  live  promoters  of  paper  deteriora- 
tion may  work  considerable  damage  in  warm 
latitudes,  but  in  the  important  libraries,  which 
are  located  in  the  more  northerly  latitudes,  I 
believe  their  damage  is  negligible. 

COMPOSITION    OF   NEWSPRINT   PAPER 

"Newsprint  paper  is  made  by  the  mixture 
of  approximately  75  per  cent,  of  mechanical 
wood  pulp  and  25  per  cent,  of  sulphite  wood 
pulp,  with  a  slight  addition  of  clay  and  rosin. 

"The  agencies  leading  to  decay,  according 
to  my  limited  observation  and  study,  are: 

"Artificial  heat,  gas  combustion,  sunshine, 
oxidation,  excess  of  mineral  substances,  ex- 
cessive dampness,  carelessness  in  bleaching 
and  inferior  materials  in  binding. 

"Mechanical  pulp  will  deteriorate  rapidly 
when  exposed  to  air  or  light.  R.  W.  Sindall, 
an  English  authority,  says  many  of  the  books 
printed  on  wood-pulp  paper  between  1870  and 
1880  are  in  a  hopeless  condition.  With  lower- 
grade  papers,  containing  mechanical  pulp,  the 
degradation  of  color  and  fiber  is  inevitable. 
Clayton  Beadle  points  out  that  paper  which 
is  brittle,  when  very  dry,  becomes  stronger 
and  more  pliant  with  a  certain  amount  of 
moisture.  With  more  moisture  it  loses  its 
power  of  'felting/  There  is  a  point  where 
the  maximum  strength  is  obtained.  Prof. 
Herzberg,  of^  the  German  Testing  Institute, 
is  credited  with  the  statement  that  paper  con- 
taining three  to  five  per  cent,  of  moisture  is 
at  its  strongest.  Newsprint  paper  will  ab- 
sorb close  to  10  per  cent,  of  its  weight  in 
moisture.  Most  of  this  paper,  when  manu- 
factured, contains  about  five  per  cent,  of 
moisture,  or  100  pounds  per  ton  of  paper. 
It  is  liable  to  absorb  80  pounds  of  water  per 
ton  of  paper  in  transit  from  mill  to  news- 
paper office.  The  additional  weight  of  the 
paper  when  delivered  has  puzzled  many  news- 
paper publishers,  who  almost  invariably  found 
that  their  rolls  weighed  more  than  the  weight 
indicated  at  mill.  A  recent  litigation  in  Eng- 
land disclosed  the  fact  that  jobbers  had 
bought  a  less  weight  of  paper  than  the  cus- 
tomer had  demanded,  the  jobbers  relying  upon 
the  absorption  of  moisture  in  transit  to  make 
up  the  deficiency. 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


"English  librarians  report  that  the  ordinary 
novel,  printed  on  light,  spongy  paper,  has  a 
life  of  about  40  issues.  In  other  words,  it 
will  be  unfit  for  further  use,  and  even  not 
worth  rebinding  after  circulation  among  40 
readers. 

"The  American  Chemical  Society  appointed 
a  committee,  in  1908,  to  find  a  paper  more 
suitable  for  the  records  of  the  society.  It 
sought  to  ascertain  the  most  durable,  strong- 
est, lightest,  thinnest,  most  opaque  and  clean- 
est paper,  having  a  surface  not  injurious  to 
the  eyesight  that  it  was  possible  to  procure 
for  the  money  available.  The  specifications 
-adopted  by  that  society  were: 

"Rag,  75  per  cent.;  bleached  chemical  wood 
or  equivalent  thereto, 25  per  cent.;  ash  (China 
•c^ay),  5  per  cent.;  weight  (26  x  38,500),  42 
pounds;  strength  (Mullen),  15  pounds;  fold- 
ing number  (Schopper),  if  practicable,  10 
pounds  ;  sizing,  three-quarter  rosin — no  starch  ; 
finish,  uniform  machine,  same  both  sides ; 
color,  uniform,  natural,  paper  must  be  well 
washed  to  remove  soluble  salts  and  bleaching 
materials. 

"The  paper  cost,  approximately,  6l/2  cents 
per  pound. 

COMPLAINTS   OF  LIBRARIANS 

"At  a  conference  of  librarians  in  1909,  at 
Bretton  Woods,  N.  H.,  Frank  P.  Hill,  libra- 
rian of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library,  read  a 
paper  on  The  deterioration  of  newspaper 
paper/  wherein  he  narrated  the  results  of  an 
examination  of  the  bound  copies  of  Manhat- 
tan and  Brooklyn  newspapers  filed  in  the 
Brooklyn  Library.  He  said :  'In  many  in- 
stances, papers  published  within  the  last  forty 
years  had  begun  to  discolor  and  crumble  to 
such  an  extent  that  it  would  hardly  pay  to 
bind  those  which  had  been  folded  for  any 
length  of  time.  Further  investigation  showed 
that  practically  all  of  these  newspapers  were 
printed  on  cheap  wood-pulp  paper,  which  car- 
ries with  it  the  seeds  of  early  decay,  and  that 
the  life  of  a  periodical  printed  on  this  in- 
ferior stock  is  not  likely  to  be  more  than  fifty 
years/  The  librarian  sent  out  circulars  to 
publishers,  asking  whether  a  better  grade  of 
paper  was  being  used  for  running  off  extra 
copies  for  their  own  files,  and  what,  if  any, 
means  had  been  taken  to  preserve  the  files 
in  their  offices.  The  answers  showed  that  no 
special  paper  was  used,  and  that  no  means 
were  taken  to  preserve  those  in  the  worst 
condition.  Inquiries  were  sent  to  paper  man- 
ufacturers, with  no  more  satisfactory  results. 
Mr.  Hill  had  not  then  found  any  newspaper 
that  printed  extra  copies  on  a  better  grade 
of  paper,  but  subsequent  inquiry  has  disclosed 
that  the  Red  Wing  Republican,  of  Red  Wing, 
Minn.,  prints  15  copies  daily  from  which 
number  it  supplies  paper  to  the  Minnesota 
Historical  Society  and  the  Congressional  Li- 
brary, at  Washington.  It  binds  some  for  its 
own  use  and  places  them  in  vaults  for  refer- 
ence. Its  secretary  and  manager,  Mr.  Jens 


K.  Grondahl,  says  a  fair  grade  of  book  paper 
is  used.  The  paper  has  not  obtained  any  scien- 
tific test.  I  submit  a  copy  of  that  publication 
printed  on  the  special  paper.  Mr.  Hill's  paper 
described  the  use  of  a  liquid  mixture  in  the 
German  Governmental  Paper  Testing  Insti- 
tute of  Berlin,  by  the  use  of  which  it  was 
aimed  to  indefinitely  preserve  wood-pulp  pa- 
pers and  make  them  fit  to  read  for  centuries 
to  come.  The  method  was  to  dip  the  sheets, 
one  by  one,  into  a  'cellit'  solution,  and  then 
hang  them  up  to  dry  or  to  spread  them  on 
large  meshed  nets.  Mr.  Hill  suggested  that 
it  might  be  to  the  interest  of  publishers  and 
librarians  if  a  few  copies  of  each  issue  of 
the  newspapers  should  be  printed  on  paper 
which  had  been  treated  with  this  chemical  in 
the  roll. 

"At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  committee  of 
the  American  Library  Association,  Mr.  Cedric 
Chivers,  a  bookbinder  of  Brooklyn,  spoke  of 
the  successful  experiments  he  had  made  with 
the  German  product  'cellit'  by  painting  the 
edges  of  bound  volumes  with  it.  He  was  of 
the  opinion  that  paper  so  treated  would  last 
50  or  75  years,  and  that  the  treatment  could 
be  repeated  with  the  same  result.  The  ex- 
pense of  treating  the  volume,  page  by  page, 
might  deter  most  librarians  and  publishers 
from  attempting  that  method  of  preservation. 
He  pointed  out  the  necessity  for  binding  the 
newspapers  as  quickly  as  possible,  so  that  they 
might  not  long  be  exposed  to  the  air. 

UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT    SPECIFICATION 

"In  1904,  Secretary  Wilson,  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  authorized  the  Bureau 
of  Chemistry  to  investigate  the  subject  of 
suitable  papers  for  government  purposes.  The 
investigation  covered  about  5000  samples  of 
paper,  and  resulted  in  the  issue  of  two  cir- 
culars by  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry.  Subse- 
quently, the  Joint  Committee  of  Congress  on 
Printing  appointed  a  commission  to  pass  upon 
this  matter.  Its  report  was  adopted  Dec.  18, 

1911,  and  now  controls  all   government   sup- 
plies of  paper  and  printing  and  binding  ma- 
terials.     In    the    following    month,    a    public 
bidding  was  held.     The  standard  specification 
for  printing  paper  that  would  'endure  indefin- 
itely' was  as  follows: 

"Weight,  25  x  40,  500;  50-pound  basis 
(24  x  36,  42.6)  ;  thickness  shall  not  exceed 
.0035  inch ;  strength  shall  not  be  less  than  18 
points;  stock  shall  be  not  less  than  75  per 
cent,  rag,  the  remainder  may  be  bleached 
chemical  wood,  free  from  unbleached  or 
ground  wood  pulp;  ash  shall  not  exceed  5 
per  cent;  size — the  total  rosin  shall  not  ex- 
ceed 2  per  cent. 

"This  quality  of  paper  is  comparatively 
cheap,  costing  4^  cents  per  pound,  or  twice 
as  much  as  the  International  Paper  Company 
quoted  as  its  newsprint  price  for  the  year 

1912.  The   list  of   bidders   and   the  mills   at 
which  the  paper  would  be  made  was: 


i8 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


Cents 
per  pound 

American  Writing  Paper  Co 

Lots  22   b   and   23   b 4-35 

Lots  24  b  and  25   b '•  •  4-55 

C.  H.  Clinton  Paper  Co.  of  Phila.,  supplied 

by   Nashua  River  Paper  Corporation 4.5 

Lewis    Hoffenmaier,    supplied    from    Bryant 

Paper    Co 5-i 

C.  W.  Rantoul  Co.  of  N.  Y.,  supplied  from 

Tidewater  Paper  Mills 4-99 

King   Paper    Company,   of  Kalamazoo 5-5 

R.     P.     Andrews     Paper    Co.,     supplied    by 

West  Virginia  Pulp  and   Paper   Co 7.0 

Bryant    Paper    Co 5-i 

Champion    Coated    Paper    Co 4-75 

"The  award  was  made  to  the  American 
Writing  Paper  Co.  for  280  tons  at  4.35  cents 
per  pound,  and  to  C.  H.  Clinton  Paper  Co., 
of  Philadelphia,  at  4^  cents  per  pound  for 
76  tons.  The  government  commission,  in  rec- 
ommending this  quality  of  paper,  said: 

GOVERNMENT    COMMISSION    REPORT    ON    SPECIAL 
PAPER 

"  The  use  of  this  paper  should  be  limited 
to  copies  of  those  permanent  publications  in- 
tended for  government  libraries  or  govern- 
ment use,  or,  at  most,  be  limited  to  the  copies 
placed  in  the  depository  and  university  libra- 
ries of  the  country.  This  is  intended  as  the 
permanent  printing  paper  for  the  service,  and 
while  its  use  will  not  be  extensive,  it  will 
serve  a  very  important  purpose.  The  impor- 
tant historical  documents  of  the  government 
and  its  original  scientific  contributions  should 
be  printed  on  permanent  paper.  It  is  also 
desirable  that  such  publications  as  the  Stat- 
utes at  Large  should  be  printed  upon  this 
grade  of  paper. 

"Mr.  Veitch,  of  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry, 
who  was  a  member  of  a  government  commis- 
sion on  paper  specifications,  and  who  has 
given  much  research  to  these  matters,  says 
there  is  need  for  two  sets  of  papers,  one  for 
•rdinary  handling  and  immediate  accessi- 
bility, and  one  for  storing  away  for  future 
reference.  It  should  be  practically  inaccessi- 
ble. He  writes:  'No  paper  which  is  subject 
to  a  great  amount  of  handling  and  use  can 
prove  absolutely  permanent.  Even  the  best 
paper,  if  handled,  will  deteriorate  and  go  to 
pieces,  and  if  handled  constantly  would  last 
but  a  few  years.  If  handled  very  little,  it 
would  last  for  several  hundred  years,  and  if 
the  volumes  were  opened  but  several  times  a 
year,  and  were  stored  in  a  suitable  place,  they 
would  undoubtedly  last  for  many  hundreds 
of  years.  In  other  words,  the  problem  is  one 
largely  of  use  and  storage.  The  sheets  should 
never  be  folded.  They  should  be  kept  in  bind- 
ers, and  not  folded  repeatedly  backward  and 
forward  upon  themselves.' 

"The  Bureau  of  Chemistry  and  the  Bureau 
of  Standards,  at  Washington,  concur  in  the 
matter  of  ink.  They  say:  'Very  little  difficulty 
would  be  experienced  with  the  ordinary  print- 
er's ink.  The  black  inks  consist  essentially 
of  carbon,  which  is  very  permanent,  and 
therefore  very  little  anxiety  need  be  felt  for 
any  publications  printed  with  black  ink.' 


HOW    THE   CONGRESSIONAL    LIBRARY    CARES    FOR 
OLD   NEWSPAPER  FILES 

"In  the  Congressional  Library,  at  Washing- 
ton, special  efforts  are  made  to  preserve  eigh- 
teenth-century files.  The  volumes  are  sealed 
in  dustproof  cases.  They  are  bound  with 
buckram  and  finished  with  materials  recom- 
mended by  the  best  authorities.  The  books 
lie  flat,  with  air  spacing  every  six  inches  for 
ventilation.  Channel  iron  ribs  are  used  in 
the  stacks.  Air  that  has  been  washed  or 
screened  to  remove  dust  is  forced  through 
the  stacks  and  then  exhausted.  The  tempera- 
ture is  kept  uniform  the  year  round.  Flour 
paste,  boiled  with  alum,  is  used  for  binding. 
Protecting  sheets  of  paper  are  inserted  be- 
tween every  double  page.  A  thin,  tough  linen 
ledger  paper  is  used  for  guards.  The  only 
possible  criticism  that  might  be  offered  toward 
the  perfection  of  these  provisions  for  preser- 
vation is  the  occasional  sunshine  in  the  stor- 
age room.  The  volumes  thus  protected  cost 
$10  each  for  binding.  The  ordinary  binding 
of  the  current  newspaper  volumes  in  the  Con- 
gressional Library  cost  $2  per  volume.  The 
deleterious  effects  of  the  products  of  gas 
combustion  are  avoided  in  the  Congressional 
Library,  because  electricity  is  used  for  illu- 
mination when  artificial  lighting  is  necessary. 
No  records  are  kept  of  the  humidity  of  the 
atmosphere.  The  cleanliness  of  the  entire 
establishment  is  its  insurance  against  animal 
organisms. 

"In  the  New  York  Public  Library,  the  news- 
paper files  are  stored  upright,  in  well-venti- 
lated stacks,  with  some  protection  against  dust 
by  the  screening  of  the  air.  The  thermostat 
in  the  public  file  room  was  fixed  in  August 
at  68  degrees.  The  files  in  the  north  room 
and  in  stacks  rest  on  steel-ribbed  shelving. 
No  attempt  is  made  to  regulate  the  humidity 
of  the  storage  place.  Gas  is  not  used  in  the 
building. 

"Four  large  steam  pipes  pass  through  the 
room  of  the  Montague  Branch  of  the  Brook- 
lyn Library,  containing  the  old  New  York 
Herald  files.  There  is  no  sunshine  there,  but 
the  main  hall,  where  most  of  the  newspaper 
files  are  kept,  is  flooded  with  sunshine.  Some 
of  the  files  lie  flat  and  some  are  upright.  The 
ordinary  effort  is  made  to  preserve  uniform 
temperature  by  heating  in  cool  weather,  but 
there  is  no  special  regulation  of  temperature, 
or  humidity,  or  ventilation,  or  exclusion  of 
dust. 

"The  Philadelphia  Free  Library  stores  its 
newspaper  files  flat  in  the  cellar.  It  permits 
the  access  of  very  little  sunshine.  There  is 
some  ventilation  and  some  opportunity  for 
variation  of  humidity,  due  to  changes  in  the 
atmosphere.  Gas  throws  off  its  deleterious 
products  of  combustion  in  this  room.  Steam- 
heated  pipes  pass  through  the  cellar.  The 
newspapers  are  bound  in  buckram. 

"May  I  suggest  to  your  committee  that  it 
gather  information  from  the  various  libraries 
and  historical  societies  upon  a  blank  corre- 
sponding substantially  to  the  following: 


January,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY   JOURNAL 


DATA  RELATING  TO   STORAGE  OF   NEWSPAPER  FILES 
IN   PUBLIC  LIBRARIES 

Date    

City 


State 


1.  Name  of  library  or  society. 

2.  Number  of   daily  newspapers,  the  regu- 
lar issues  of  which  are  bound  and  preserved 
by  the  library  or  society. 

3.  Are  the  bound  files  flat  or  upright? 

4.  Is  there  sunlight  in  the   room  in  which 
the  bound  files  are  stored? 

5.  Is  gas  used  for  illumination  or  any  other 
purpose  in  any  part  of  the  library,  especially 
near  that  room  in  which  the  bound  files  are 
stored? 

6.  Is  there  any  ventilation  around  the  bound 
files  that  will  permit  of  the   free  ventilation 
of  outside  air? 

7.  Is   there    artificial   heat    in   the    room   in 
which  the  bound  files  are  stored? 

8.  Are  the  variations  of  humidity  in  outside 
air  permitted  to  reach  the  bound  files? 

9.  Are  the  bound  files  stored  in  sealed  cases, 
or  are  they  kept  in  such  manner  as  to  be  pro- 
tected from  dust  in  the  air? 

10.  Is  any  attempt  made  in  binding  to  guard 
against  insects? 

11.  What  suggestions  do  you  offer  to  secure 
the  preservation  of  records  of  current  history? 

(Signed)     Name    

City    

State    

NO  PROFIT  IN   PRINTING  NEWSPAPERS  ON   SPECIAL 
PAPER 

"Conceding  the  failure  of  the  newspapers, 
up  to  this  time,  to  do  that  which  is  more  or 
less  of  an  obligation  upon  them,  it  should  be 
borne  in  mind  that  until  recently  very  little 
data  has  been  available  for  ascertaining  a 
standard  quality  of  printing  paper  that  would 
endure  indefinitely  under  proper  storage.  From 
time  to  time,  the  subject  has  been  taken  up 
by  newspapers.  Several  canvasses  have  been 
made  of  the  possible  revenue  to  be  obtained 
from  such  an  issue.  Apparently,  the  expenses 
would  far  exceed  the  probable  revenue.  The 
purchase  would  be  restricted  to  the  larger  pub- 
lic libraries,  some  college  libraries  and  some 
historical  societies.  I  doubt  if  subscriptions 
could  be  obtained  for  one  hundred  copies  of 
such  a  publication.  It  seems  like  a  dream 
as  a  commercial  proposition,  though  some 
newspaper  genius  may  accomplish  such  a  re- 
sult some  day.  A  rich  institution,  or  news- 
paper publisher  or  philanthropist  like  Mr. 
Carnegie,  who  has  enthusiasm  for  the  accu- 
rate historical  guidance  of  future  generations, 
might  endow  such  an  effort  and  make  it  pos- 
sible. In  any  event,  it  lacks  the  attractiveness 
of  direct  profit.  The  mere  cost  of  the  paper 
would  be  a  bagatelle.  One  hundred  copies  of 
an  ordinary  daily  newspaper,  upon  the  terms 
and  specifications  of  the  government's  con- 


tract, would  hardly  exceed  $2.50  per  diem,  but 
the  cost  of  preparing  the  plates  and  rolls  to 
meet  the  varying  conditions  would  carry  the 
total  cost  to  a  figure  that  very  few  publishers 
would  care  to  incur  as  a  permanent  obliga- 
tion. 

STORAGE    OF    NEWSPAPER   ROLLS 

"Some  newspaper  publishers  have  asked  me 
to  gather  for  them  information  that  will  en- 
able them  to  store  newsprint  rolls  under  such 
conditions  that  will  avoid  deterioration.  The 
experience  in  recent  years  has  tended  to  the 
belief  that  paper  stored  by  manufacturers  in 
warehouses  near  the  place  of  consumption 
has  become  so  brittle  within  three  months 
that  it  interfered  with  prompt  printing  of  the 
paper  by  reason  of  breaks  in  the  web  and 
increased  waste.  This  brittleness  is  attributed 
to  the  artificial  heat  or  absence  of  moisture 
in  the  warehouses. 

lOOjOOO  TONS   OF  PRINT   PAPER  ON    HAND 

"The  print  paper  manufacturers  of  the 
United  States  carry  nearly  100,000  tons  of 
newsprint  paper,  of  which  the  supply  at  the 
mill  averages: 

40,000    tons,    or    9    days'    supply    for    all 

newspapers  of  the  country 40,000 

6  days'  supply  in  transit,  equalling 27,000 

7  days'   supply   in  places  of  consumption, 
equalling 31,500 

Total 98,500 


"This  total  of  approximately  100,000  tons 
of  paper  represents  a  selling  value  of  about 
$3,500,000.  Up  to  date,  there  is  no  evidence 
of  any  general  effort,  either  by  manufacturers 
or  by  consumers,  to  standardize  the  method 
of  storage  or  to  improve  conditions.  Obvi- 
ously, it  would  be  to  their  mutual  advantages 
to  encourage  and  promote  every  such  effort. 

"The  International  Paper  Co.  stores  over 
1800  tons  of  paper  in  the  loft  of  the  big  shed 
at  Pier  39,  North  River,  New  York.  The  place 
is  not  heated  in  any  way,  and  it  is  subject 
to  all  the  variations  of  temperature  and  hu- 
midity which  are  incidental  to  the  free  play 
of  the  air  on  the  river  front.  Its  officers  say 
they  can  store  paper  rolls  indefinitely  in  that 
loft  as  much  as  three  years,  and  deliver  the 
rolls  to  newspaper  consumers  in  good  condi- 
tion. Their  only  trouble  in  storing  paper  is 
due  to  one  extra  handling,  which  is,  however, 
less  than  cartage  and  storage  in  a  warehouse. 
Some  of  the  paper  is  stored  in  a  warehouse, 
in  Franklin  street,  New  York,  in  order  that 
the  company  may  not  have  all  of  its  eggs  in 
one  basket.  The  Chicago  Daily  News  stores 
looo  tons  of  newsprint  paper  as  a  reserve. 
Eighteen  months  ago,  during  the  pendency 
of  a  paper  strike,  it  used  600  tons  of  paper 
that  had  been  stored  for  five  years  in  a  cellar 
that  was  open  to  the  free  play  of  the  atmos- 
phere. The  rolls  were  set  upright  on  strips 
that  permitted  ventilation  under  and  on  every 


2O 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


side.  The  windows  had  never  been  closed 
in  all  that  period.  It  is  reported  that  when 
the  stored  paper  was  put  upon  the  presses  it 
ran  better  than  fresh  paper. 

"New  York  City  uses  750  tons  of  newsprint 
paper  per  diem.  The  total  tonnage  stored  in 
this  city  is  not  readily  ascertainable.  The 
Great  Northern  Paper  Company  carries  be- 
tween 8500  and  9000  tons  at  Pier  42,  North 
River,  to  supply  the  needs  of  its  customers. 
The  International  Paper  Company  now  has 
approximately  3500  tons  in  storage  in  its  loft 
and  on  cars  in  the  city.  In  Kansas  City,  the 
Star  carries  2000  tons  of  paper.  In  Brooklyn, 
the  Eagle  carries  a  month's  supply. 

EXPERIENCE   OF    INTERNATIONAL   PAPER    COMPANY 
IN   STORING  PAPER 

"Mr.  A.  E.  Wright,  vice-president  of  the 
International  Paper  Company,  was  asked  for 
suggestions  for  storing  paper  in  the  new 
building  of  the  New  York  Times.  He  an- 
swered as  follows: 

"  'Our  experience  has  taught  us  that  paper 
stored  in  a  room  of  fairly  even  temperature 
of  from  thirty  to  forty  degrees,  with  a  free 
circulation  of  air  at  all  times,  is  best  suited 
for  the  storage  of  newspaper. 

"  'As  you  no  doubt  know,  the  warmer  the 
air  the  higher  percentage  of  moisture  it  car- 
ries; therefore,  we  suggest  a  temperature  of 
from  thirty  to  forty  degrees.  When  neces- 
sary to  get  as  low  a  temperature  as  this  dur- 
ing the  summer  months,  we  would  suggest 
some  sort  of  a  refrigerating  device  through 
which  the  air  would  pass  before  entering  the 
storeroom.  It  is  well  to  avoid,  as  far  as 
possible,  excessive  temperature  and  moisture 
conditions,  and  allow  for  as  free  a  circulation 
of  air  as  possible. 

"  'We  suggest  the  storing  of  paper  on  a 
ventilated  platform  fully  three  inches  from 
the  floor ;  this  will  allow  circulation  across 
the  bottom  of  the  rolls. 

"  'As  to  the  effect  of  light  upon  paper,  we 
do  not  think  that  this  has  much  bearing,  as 
long  as  the  wrappers  are  left  on  the  rolls. 
We  should  say  that  the  most  satisfactory 
place  for  paper  storage  would  be  a  basement, 
with  windows  for  ventilation  on  all  four 
sides,  and  the  paper  stored  on  a  platform 
such  as  recommended  above. 

"  'We  feel  sure,  from  our  experience  in 
storing  large  quantities  of  paper  in  roll  form, 
that  if  our  suggestions  are  followed  out  as 
outlined  above,  very  little,  if  any,  change  in 
the  character  of  the  paper -will  be  found  after 
it  has  been  stored  for  a  considerable  period.' 

"It  should  be  stated  that  no  one  has  ever 
attempted  to  adopt  refrigeration  as  a  method 
of  preserving  stored  paper  rolls. 

VERTICAL   OF    HORIZONTAL    POSITION    FOR    ROLLS 

"Another  phase  of  this  matter  of  storing 
rolls  is  the  question  of  carrying  rolls  in  a 
horizontal  or  vertical  position.  Practically  all 
the  paper  companies  and  newspapers  store  the 


roll  vertically,  because  it  seems  to  require  less 
space.  The  New  York  Times,  in  planning  its 
new  annex,  has  aimed  to  store  over  1000  tons 
of  paper,  and  to  preserve  the  horizontal  posi- 
tion of  the  roll  to  avoid  the  waste  and  labor 
incidental  to  up-ending  each  roll  and  subse- 
quent throwing  of  the  roll  to  a  horizontal 
position.  In  the  Government  Printing  Office, 
five  men  have  been  observed  helping  to 
change  the  position  of  a  roll. 

"Up  to  this  time,  no  effort  has  been  made 
to  collate  the  data  relating  either  to  the  stor- 
age of  newsprint  paper  rolls  or  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  printed  paper.  In  the  common 
interest,  some  definite  steps  should  be  taken 
to  improve  conditions." 

Announcement  was  made  that  the  Brooklyn 
Eagle,  beginning  Jan.  i,  1913,  would  be  able 
to  supply  libraries  with  copies  of  its  paper 
printed  on  linen  paper,  suitable  for  filing. 


A    CHAPTER    IN    CHILDREN'S 
LIBRARIES 

"!N  consequence  of  a  grateful  remembrance 
of  hospitality  and  friendship,  as  well  as  an 
uncommon  share  or  patronage,  afforded  me  by 
the  inhabitants  of  West  Cambridge,  in  the 
Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  in  the  early 
part  of  my  life  when  patronage  was  most 
needful  to  me,  I  give  to  the  said  town  of  West 
Cambridge  one  hundred  dollars  for  the  pur- 
pose of  establishing  a  juvenile  library  in  said 
town.  The  Selectmen,  Ministers  of  the  Gospel, 
and  Physicians  of  the  town  of  West  Cam- 
bridge, for  the  time  being  shall  receive  this 
sum,  select  and  purchase  the  books  for  the 
library,  which  shall  be  such  books  as,  in  their 
opinion,  will  best  promote  useful  knowledge 
and  the  Christian  virtues  among  the  inhabi- 
tants of  the  town  who  are  scholars,  or  by 
usage  have  a  right  to  attend  as  scholars  in 
their  primary  schools.  Other  persons  may  be 
admitted  to  the  privilege  of  said  library  un- 
der the  direction  of  said  town,  by  paying  a 
sum  for  membership  and  an  annual  tax  for 
the  increase  of  the  same.  And  my  said  execu- 
tors are  directed  to  pay  the  same  within  one 
year  after  my  decease." 

This  "extract  from  the  last  will  and  testa- 
ment of  Dr.  Ebenezer  Learned,  late  of  Hop- 
kinton,  N.  H.,"  forms  the  first  book  plate  of  the 
Arlington  (Mass.)  Public  Library,  founded 
in  1835.  It  appears  to  be  the  earliest  record 
we  have  of  a  specific  bequest  for  a  children's 
library,  free  to  all  the  children  of  the  town 
receiving  it. 

In  the  late  eighteenth  century  it  was  the 
custom  at  Harvard  College  to  grant  a  six- 
weeks'  vacation  in  winter  and  summer,  when 
students  could  earn  money  for_  college  ex- 
penses. The  popular  way  of  doing  this  was 
to  teach  school.  Ebenezer  Learned,  a  young 
man  in  the  class  of  1787,  availed  himself  of 
this  opportunity  and  taught  in  West  Cam- 
bridge, or  Menotomy.  His  associations  there 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


21 


were  pleasant  ones,  and  the  memory  of  the 
friends  then  made  persisted  through  his  later 
successful  career.  Dr.  Learned  became  a  prac- 
tising physician,  first  in  Leominster  (Mass.) 
and  later  in  Hopkinton,  N.  H.  He  is  said  to 
have  been  warmly  interested  in  education  and 
science  throughout  his  life,  and  was  the  orig- 
inator of  the  New  Hampshire  Agricultural 
Society  and  vice-president  of  the  New  Hamp- 
shire Medical  Society.  And  yet  with  all  these 
later  interests,  his  thought,  toward  the  end  of 
his  life,  was  of  the  little  town  where  he  taught 
his  first  school. 

At  the  time  of  receiving  this  legacy  there 
were  in  West  Cambridge  two  ministers — a 
Unitarian  and  a  Baptist — and  one  physician. 
Together  with  the  selectmen,  they  formed  the 
first  board  of  trustees,  which  met  on  Nov.  30, 
1835,  and  voted  that  the  books  selected  for 
the  library  should  be  such  as  were  directed 
by  Dr.  Learned's  will,  "the  same  not  being  of 
a  sectarian  character."  Selection  of  books 
was  left  largely  to  Mr.  Brown,  of  the  newly 
formed  firm  of  Little  &  Brown,  publishers. 
He  was  directed  to  spend  at  least  half  of  the 
bequest  for  books  suitable  for  the  purpose, 
and  these  were  sent  to  the  home  of  Dr.  Well- 
ington, the  physician  on  the  board. 

Then  followed  the  task  of  selecting  a  libra- 
rian, and  the  obvious  choice  was  Mr.  Dexter, 
a  hatter  by  trade  and  already  in  charge  of  the 
West  Cambridge  Social  Library.  This  was  a 
subscription  library,  founded  in  1807,  and  con- 
sisting mainly  of  volumes  of  sermons  and 
"serious  reading."  The  question  of  the  libra- 
rian's salary  was  the  next  care,  for  the  state 
law  authorizing  towns  to  appropriate  tax 
money  for  libraries  was  yet  ten  years  in  the 
future.  At  town  meeting,  in  1837,  however, 
one  of  the  trustees  called  attention  to  the 
clause  in  Dr.  Learned's  will  which  provided 
that  others,  beside  children,  might  use  the 
library  by  paying  a  sum  for  membership  and 
an  annual  assessment.  "Why  should  not  the 
town  pay  the  tax,  and  thus  make  it  free  to  all 
the  inhabitants?"  he  asked.  And  this  was 
done.  The  town  at  once  appropriated  thirty 
dollars  for  the  library,  and  the  right  to  take 
books  was  extended  to  all  the  families  in  town. 
From  this  time  the  institution  has  been  a  free 
town  library,  the  earliest  of  its  class  in  Massa- 
chusetts. 

The  Jittle  collection  of  books  for  the  West 
Cambridge  Juvenile  Library  traveled  to  its 
first  home  on  a  wheelbarrow.  "Uncle"  Dexter 
would  make  hats  during  the  week,  and  on 
Saturday  afternoons  open  the  library  for  the 
children.  Three  books  were  the  limit  for  a 
family,  and  they  could  be  retained  for  thirty 
days.  That  the  books  were  actually  read  by 
the  children  is  vouched  for  by  those  who  re- 
member the  library  from  its  beginning.  Even 
free  access  to  the  shelves  was  permitted  for  a 
while.  But  we  come  to  a  period,  later,  when 
the  by-laws  declare,  "No  person  except  the 
librarian  shall  remove  a  book  from  the 
shelves." 


One  would  like  to  know  just  what  those 
books  were  for  which  one-half  of  that  pre- 
cious bequest  was  first  spent.  The  earliest  ex- 
tant catalog  of  the  juvenile  library  is  dated 
1855,  though  there  exists  an  earlier  list  (1835) 
of  the  Social  Library.  Tradition  has  handed 
down  the  names  of  two  books  said  to  be  in 
the  first  collection,  but  one  of  these  is  cer- 
tainly of  later  date.  The  first  is  still  in  ex- 
istence, a  copy  of  the  "History  of  Corsica," 
by  James  Boswell.  One  who  as  a  boy  read 
this  book,  years  ago,  in  the  West  Cambridge 
Juvenile  Library,  recalled  it  with  delight  when 
he  visited  Corsica  years  afterward. 

The  other  title,  mentioned  as  belonging  to 
the  first  library,  is  "The  history  of  a  London 
doll."  But  this  delightful  child's  story,  by 
Richard  Hengist  Home,  was  not  published 
until  1846.  Some  of  the  Waverley  novels,  are 
also  remembered  as  being  among  the  earliest 
purchases.  Of  course,  we  realize  that  books 
which  "will  best  promote  useful  knowledge 
and  the  Christian  virtues"  in  school  children 
are  not  necessarily  children's  books.  So  we 
may  be  tolerably  sure  that  Rollins'  and  Rob- 
ertson's histories,  as  well  as  Goldsmith  and 
Irving,  would  have  appeared  in  the  catalog 
had  there  been  one. 

The  juvenile  library  remained'  a  year  in  its 
first  home,  the  frame  house  still  standing  near 
the  railroad  which  runs  through  Arlington. 
There  have  been  five  library  homes  since  then,, 
including  the  meeting  house,  where  the  collec- 
tion of  books  was  nearly  doubled  by  the  addi- 
tion of  the  district  school  libraries  and  a  part 
of  the  Social  Library. 

In  1867  the  town  changed  its  name  to  Ar- 
lington, discarding  the  Indian  name  of  Men- 
otomy,  by  which  it  was  known  before  its 
incorporation  as  West  Cambridge.  The  library- 
then  became  known  as  the  Arlington  Juvenile 
Library,  and,  in  1872,  its  name  was  formally- 
changed  to  Arlington  Public  Library.  With 
the  gift  of  a  memorial  building,  in  1892,  the 
present  name,  the  Robbins  Library,  was  adop- 
ed  by  the  town. 

It  is  characteristic  of  our  modern  careless- 
ness of  what  the  past  has  given  us,  that  we 
have  lost  sight  of  this  first  children's  library. 
Not  JBrookline  in  1890,  not  New  York  in  1888, 
but  Arlington  in  1835  marks  the  beginning  of 
public  library  work  with  children.  Here  is 
one  public  library,  with  a  history  stretching 
back  over  seventy-five  years,  which  need  not 
apologize  for  any  expenditure  in  its  work  with 
children.  Its  very  being  is  rooted  in  one  man's 
thought  for  the  children  of  the  primary 
schools.  Dr.  Learned  could  think  of  no  better 
way  of  repaying  the  kindnesses  done  to  a  boy 
than  by  putting  books  into  the  hands  of  other 
boys  and  girls.  A  children's  librarian  may 
well  be  grateful  for  the  memory  of  this  far- 
seeing  friend  of  children,  who  held  the  be- 
lief that  books  may  be  more  than  amusement, 
and  that  the  civic  virtues  can  be  nourished  by 
and  in  a  "juvenile  library." 

ALICE  M.  JORDAN.' 


22 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


LIBRARY    LEGISLATION    IN    1912 

IN  the  year  1912,  the  legislatures  of  thirteen 
states  held  regular  sessions  and  in  nine  states 
there  were  extra  or  special  sessions.  An 
examination  of  the  results  of  these  22  ses- 
sions shows  very  little  of  library  interest, 
presumably  because  there  was  little  or  no 
occasion  to  disturb  or  change  the  operation 
of  established  library  laws. 

In  the  new  state  of  Arizona,  at  the  first 
legislative  session,  a  system  of  district  libra- 
ries was  established,  to  be  under  the  control 
of  the  school  trustees  in  each  district,  to  re- 
port annually  to  the  county  school  superin- 
tendent, who  must  report,  in  turn,  to  the 
State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 
Three  per  cent,  of  all  school  funds,  with  the 
addition  of  special  donations  made  for  the 
purpose,  not  to  exceed  $300  in  all  in  any  dis- 
trict, are  to  be  set  apart  for  buying  books, 
reference  books  and  schoolroom  decorations. 
The  library  is  to  be  free  to  all  pupils  of  suit- 
able age,  and  its  privileges  may  be  extended 
to  other  residents  of  the  district  on  the  pay- 
ment of  an  annual  or  monthly  fee  fixed  by 
the  district  trustees. 

In  California  at  an  extra  session  in  Decem- 
ber, 1911,  the  power  was  given  to  any  munici- 
pality to  take  land  by  condemnation  for  pub- 
lic library  purposes. 

In  New  York,  no  change  was  made  in  the 
library  law,  but  the  appropriations  for  library 
aid  and  support  were  somewhat  increased. 
The  amount  to  be  distributed  to  free  libraries 
for  books  was  made  $35,000  instead  of  $33,ooo, 
as  in  the  previous  year.  The  very  large 
amount  of  $1,250,000  had  been  voted  in  1911 
for  the  reestablishment  and  enlargement  of 
the  State  Library  and  Museum,  which  had 
suffered  so  great  a  disaster  in  the  Capitol  fire 
on  March  29,  1911,  and  of  this  sum,  $500,000 
was  made  immediately  available  by  an  act  of 
1912.  By  the  same  act,  $200,000  were  appro- 
priated for  furniture  and  office  equipment  in 
the  new  State  Education  building,  a  consider- 
able part  of  which  is  occupied  by  the  State 
Library. 

Two  local  library  acts  were  passed  in  New 
York,  one  of  them  to  fix  the  annual  tax  of 
the  city  of  Syracuse  for  the  support  of  its 
public  library  at  not  less  than  2  per  cent.,  and 
not  more  than  2^2  per  cent,  of  the  aggregate 
annual  tax  levy  of  the  city ;  and  the  other 
to  authorize  the  city  of  Buffalo  to  sell  its 
"Jubilee  water  system,"  and  with  a  part  of 
the  proceeds  to  buy  land  and  erect  a  public 
library  building,  gymnasium  and  assembly 
hall,  the  library  to  become  a  branch  in  the 
Buffalo  public  library  system. 

The  laws  of  the  year  affecting  libraries  in 
other  states  are  few,  and  provide  mostly  for 
increase  of  salary  or  of  force  in  the  state 
libraries.  Slight  as  these  indications  are,  they 
are  enough  to  shov;  that  the  public  interest 
in  libraries  is  a  growing  interest. 

W.  R.  EASTMAN. 


ON  AN  ORDER  RECORD  BY  FUNDS 

THE  purchasing  division  of  a  college  library 
comes  in  for  its  share  of  complaints,  and  the 
criticisms  it  receives  are  chiefly  three:  First, 
slowness  in  getting  a  book ;  second,  inexact 
record  of  outstanding  orders;  and  third,  un- 
reliable bookkeeping  accounts.  Having  bet- 
tered, if  not  removed,  all  three  of  these  by 
a  system  based  on  a  record  of  orders  by 
funds,  the  following  extract  from  our  annual 
report  may  be  welcomed  by  libraries  troubled 
in  like  manner. 

Our  basal  record  is  obtained  by  using  a 
separate  order  sheet  for  each  book  fund  and 
by  writing  two  carbon  copies  of  each  order 
when  typed.  One  of  these  is  on  a  green 
sheet,  the  other  on  a  red.  The  red  sheet  is 
filed  in  a  red  folder,  under  the  agent's  name; 
the  green  sheet  is  filed  in  a  green  folder,  un- 
der the  name  of  the  fund.  These  distinctive 
colors  cannot  be  confused  with  the  yellow 
sheet,  which  always  indicates  the  copy  of  a 
letter,  never  of  an  order.  Each  fund  is  pro- 
vided with  a  folder,  in  which  each  green  sheet 
finds  its  proper  place  in  the  vertical  file. 

As  the  order  is  typed,  the  limit  of  price 
(really  the  estimated  price)  is  carried  to  the 
right  of  the  sheet,  as  in  a  column.  This 
makes  it  easy  to  add  up  the  totals  of  the 
outstanding  orders.  When  the  order  is  filled, 
this  estimate  is  cancelled  by  a  line  drawn 
through  it,  while  the  actual  cost  taken  from 
the  bill  is  written  in  the  space  to  the  right. 
The  date  of  the  bill  is  also  placed  before  the 
author's  name,  thus  enabling  us  to  tell  from 
the  fund  record  at  any  future  time  just  when 
the  order  was  filled  and  how  much  it  cost. 

Continuations  which  have  no  green  sheet 
order  are  entered  from  the  bill  in  the  same 
manner,  but  on  a  white  sheet  which  lies  al- 
ways on  top.  Here  appears  also  the  total 
estimate  of  continuations  for  the  year.  Extra 
items  of  all  sorts,  such  as  express,  postage, 
etc.,  are  transferred  from  the  bill  to  this  white 
sheet. 

Binding  chargeable  to  a  book  fund  appears 
on  a  green  sheet  also  as  soon  as  the  schedule 
is  made  out  for  the  binder;  thus  this  item  is 
included  in  our  estimate  of  outstanding  orders. 

From  this  fund  (the  green  sheet)  file,  there- 
fore, can  be  gleaned  exact  information  as  to 
the  outstanding  orders,  both  titles  and  the 
estimate  of  cost.  Further  and  conversely, 
there  is  shown  for  a  given  period  every  cent 
spent  from  the  fund  and  for  what  titles  the 
money  went.  Equally  important,  the  items 
in  the  regular  ledger  of  the  funds  (the  book- 
keeping accounts)  can  be  proven  by  totaling 
the  entries  on  the  green  sheet. 

We  thus  satisfy  the  professor  in  charge 
of  the  fund  (i)  by  sending  off  his  order  with 
a  minimum  of  delay;  (2)  by  indexing  his 
order  automatically,  with  small  chance  for 
error,  and  with  no  loss  of  clerical  time;  (3) 
by  being  able  to  show  him  at  any  time  the 
exact  estimate  of  his  outstanding  orders  by 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


author  and  title  (and  this  at  no  loss  of  time 
to  ourselves,  for  we  know  of  libraries  where 
these  titles  and  estimates  are  written  in  un- 
der funds  by  hand) ;  and  (4)  by  being  able 
to  prove  our  accounts,  so  that  we  know  they 
are  posted  correctly.  We  now  have  a  double 
check  on  its  being  ordered  right,  filled  right 
and  posted  right. 

This  system  calls  for  no  delay  or  red  tape 
in  the  routine  of  getting  the  order  off,  nor 
in  putting  the  book  through  to  the  accessioner 
when  it  arrives. 

As  to  speed  in  filling  an  order,  we  are  de- 
pendent a  good  deal  on  our  agents.  Yet  our 
use  of  indicator  clips  to  show  the  week  in  the 
month  when  a  rush  order  should  be  filled, 
enables  us  to  prod  the  dealer  and  to  exact 
a  prompter  service  for  what  we  need  without 
delay. 

The  chief  criticism  has  been  the  greater  use 
of  paper,  with  the  multiplying  of  our  sheets 
by  funds,  and  the  consequent  filling  up  of  the 
filing  cabinet.  Our  defense  is  that  paper  is 
cheaper  than  the  time  of  the  order  assistants, 
and  since  we  get  the  results  we  are  after, 
we  are  content  to  use  the  extra  paper  and 
the  extra  space. 

F.  K.  W.  DRURY, 
University  of  Illinois  Library. 


CATALOGING   SYSTEM   AT   THE   CAR- 
NEGIE LIBRARY  OF  PITTSBURGH 

BOOKS  for  the  entire  system  of  the  Carnegie 
Library  of  Pittsburgh  are  cataloged  by  the 
catalog  department  at  the  central  library.  The 
work  is  so  centralized  that  the  filing  of  the 
completed  cards  in  the  branch  catalogs  is  the 
only  part  of  the  process,  except  the  printing, 
which  is  done  outside  the  catalog  department. 

A  few  general  statements  must  be  made  be- 
fore the  methods  of  work  can  be  made  clear, 
(i)  No  books  are  added  to  any  part  of  the 
library  system  which  are  not  also  added  to 
the  central  collection.  (2)  Catalog  cards  are 
printed  by  means  of  the  linotype  process  in 
the  printing  department  of  our  own  library. 
(3)  Annotations  are  written  for  nearly  all 
titles,  and  these  are  printed  on  the  catalog 
cards. 

Twenty-one  card  catalogs  are  kept  to  date. 
Twenty  of  these  are  dictionary  in  form,  and 
one  is  classified.  A  special  author  list  of  all 
works  of  fiction  and  two  lists  of  books  printed 
in  foreign  languages  are  kept  to  date,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  twenty-one  regular  catalogs,  as 
well  as  an  official  list  of  printed  cards.  No 
two  of  the  twenty-one  catalogs  are  exactly 
alike,  because  the  collections  which  they  cata- 
log vary  in  scope.  The  following  catalogs  are 
kept  to  date: 
(i)  Official  catalog. 

This  is  kept  in  the  catalog  department,  and 
is  made  up  as  follows: 

(a)  Official  typewritten  author  cards,  on 
which  are  indicated  the  various  agencies,  or 
departments,  having  the  titles  or  books.  The 


subject  headings  used  are  indicated  on  these 
cards,  and  class  numbers  are  added  to  locate 
the  cards  in  the  classified  catalog.  These  are 
the  cards  which  are  sent  to  the  printing  de- 
partment as  "copy,"  and  the  ones  from  which 
all  duplicates  are  made. 

(b)  Cards  for  each  subject  heading  in  use 
in  any  of  our  dictionary  catalogs. 

(c)  Subject   heading   reference   cards,   con- 
taining all  references  to  and  from  a  subject. 
Catalogs  in  which  we  use  these  headings  are 
also  indicated. 

(d)  All  name   cards,   official   author   refer- 
ence cards,  series  cards  and  added  entries  un- 
der authors. 

(2)  Reference  room  dictionary  catalog. 

This  is  a  complete  dictionary  catalog  of  all 
books,  reference,  circulating  and  juvenile,  in 
the  collection. 

(3)  Central     lending     department     dictionary 
catalog. 

A  complete  dictionary  catalog  of  all  circu- 
lating books. 

(4)  Central  children's  room  dictionary  catalog. 
"iA  card  catalog  of  all  juvenile  books  -^Jded 

to  the  library  since  the  printing  of  the  book 
catalog  of  "Books  in  the  central  children's 
room,"  1909. 

This  catalog  is  dictionary  in  form,  anct  con- 
tains many  more  subject  headings  than  dp  the 
other  dictionary  catalogs.  It  is  an  indfK  to 
children's  books,  rather  than  a  catalog.  The 
same  printed  catalog  card  is  used  as  is  used 
for  the  other  catalogs,  but  it  is  duplicated 
more  extensively  for  analytical  purposes. 

(5)  Technology  department  classified  catalog, 
with  author  and  subject  indexes. 

A  catalog  of  all  reference  and  circulating 
books  on  the  subjects  of  useful  arts  and  nat- 
ural science.  Contains  many  analyticals. 

Special  card  lists,  (i)  Classified  card  cata- 
log, under  language,  of  books  printed  in  all 
foreign  languages.  There  are  two^  such  cata- 
logs, one  kept  in  the  central  lending  depart- 
ment and  a  duplicate  kept  in  the  central  ref- 
erence room.  (2)  Author  catalog  of  all  fic- 
tion, kept  in  the  central  lending  department. 

All  these  catalogs  duplicate  each  other  in 
certain  particulars,  e.  g.}  all  technical  books 
are  also  cataloged  in  the  dictionary  catalogs, 
and  all  books  in  foreign  languages  appear  in 
their  proper  places  in  the  other  catalogs. 

Branch  catalogs,  (i)  A  dictionary  catalog 
is  kept  in  each  branch  of  the  adult  circulating 
and  reference  books  in  that  branch.  There 
are  now  (1912)  eight  of  these.  (2)  A  diction- 
ary catalog  is  kept  in  the  children's  room  of 
each  branch  of  the  juvenile  books  in  that 
branch.  (There  are  now  (1912)  eight  of 
these.)  This  supplements  the  book  catalog 
and  is  like  the  catalog  in  the  central  children's 
room. 

Cards  in  all  these  catalogs,  except  the  offi- 
cial one,  are  printed.  In  the  latter  they  are 
typewritten.  The  printed  cards  for  all  the 
catalogs  are  set  from  the  same  copy  and 
printed  from  the  same  linotype  slugs.  The 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


possibility  of  unlimited  duplication  of  cards, 
after  the  copy  is  in  lead,  permits  us  to  make 
an  exhaustive  catalog  of  the  whole  collection, 
and  place  necessary  parts  of  the  catalog  with- 
in easy  access  of  specific  collections  which  we 
wish  to  catalog. 

After  the  cards  have  been  printed,  the  lino- 
type slugs  are  rearranged  and  used  to  print 
the  monthly  bulletin.  The  slugs  are  then  filed 
by  call  number  and  held  for  five  years,  when 
they  are  again  used  to  print  the  classified  book 
catalog.  By  this  method  the  cost  of  compo- 
sition is  divided  among  the  card  catalogs,  the 
monthly  bulletin  and  the  classified  catalog,  and 
full  entries,  with  annotations,  are  obtained  for 
both  of  these  book  publications. 

The  classified  book  catalog,  which  includes 
all  books  cataloged  in  1912  (the  supplement 
covering  1907  to  1912  is  now  in  preparation), 
gives  the  library  agencies  outside  of  the  cen- 
tral building  a  complete  catalog  of  books  in 
the  central  library.  This  is  supplemented  by 
the  monthly  bulletin,  which  has  an  annual 
index. 

Catalog  cards  are  shipped  from  the  catalog 
department  to  the  branch  libraries  ready  to 
file.  All  details  of  tracing,  reference  cards, 
etc.,  have  been  completed  before  the  cards 
leave  the  central  library,  so  that  the  cataloging 
for  each  individual  branch  is  complete. 

The  system  of  cataloging,  as  above  outlined, 
meets  our  needs  most  satisfactorily.  We  get 
by  this  means  a  uniform  catalog  which  can 
be  freely  distributed,  and  which  can  in  a 
measure  duplicate  itself  after  the  necessary 
routine  has  once  been  thoroughly  worked  out. 
The  greatest  complications  met  with  arise  in 
connection  with  the  subject  headings.  To  care 
properly  for  the  references  to  and  from  the 
varying  subject  headings  has  necessitated 
some  variations  from  the  usually  accepted 
ways  of  handling  references  in  a  dictionary 
catalog. 

No  "see  also"  cards  are  included  in  the 
branch  catalogs.  "See"  references  are  sup- 
plied, and  a  complete  union  list  of  branch 
subject  headings  is  kept  in  the  catalog  depart- 
ment on  which  these  "see"  references  are  in- 
dicated. To  answer  the  demand  for  analytical 
work  which  comes  from  the  smaller  collec- 
tions, and  to  take  the  place  of  the  "see  also" 
card,  we  use  a  printed  form,  which  reads  as 
follows:  "Chapters  on  this  subject  will  often 
be  found  in  books  entered  under  the  heading." 
On  the  top  of  this  card  is  written  the  specific 
subject,  such  as  Stencilling,  and  the  large  sub- 
ject is  added  below,  as  Arts  and  crafts.  We 
find  it  almost  impossible  to  keep  a  union  list 
of  "see  also"  references  when  subject  headings 
appear  in  some  of  our  catalogs,  and  the  same 
headings  are  eliminated  in  others.  This  print- 
ed form  is  an  inexpensive  way  of  covering 
the  need  and  simplifies  the  records. 

Cards  from  other  libraries. — Library  of  Con- 
gress and  A.  L.  A.  cards  are  purchased  for 
many  sets  of  periodicals  and  continuations, 
which  we  analyze.  These  are  filed  into  our 


own  catalogs.  The  agricultural  series  of  Li- 
brary of  Congress  cards  is  kept  in  a  separate 
file  in  the  technology  department. 

The  depository  catalog  of  the  Library  of 
Congress  is  kept  filed  for  public  use.  While 
it  is  chiefly  of  use  to  the  catalogers,  it  is  gain- 
ing appreciation  among  the  public  as  it  be- 
comes better  known,  and  will  prove  more  and 
more  valuable.  MARGARET  MANN, 

Chief  Cataloger. 


A  LIBRARY  IN  A  PENAL  INSTITUTION 
A  LIBRARY  in  a  penal  institution  differs 
from  a  public  library  only  as  there  is  a  dif- 
ference in  its  readers.  This  difference  is  not 
so  marked  as  it  is  sometimes  supposed.  The 
young  men  who  make  up  the  body  of  inmates 
of  the  New  Jersey  Reformatory  are  between 
sixteen  and  thirty  years  of  age,  and  are  not 
different  from  other  young  men  of  their  age. 
Contrary  to  what  many  think,  there  is  no 
distinct  criminal  class,  especially  among  young 
men.  Inhabitants  of  penal  institutions  are 
made  of  the  same  clay  as  the  rest  of  man- 
kind. The  difference  is  only  in  the  molding 
of  the  clay.  In  young  men  the  clay  is  always 
pliable  until  age  and  habit  change  it  to  its 
hardened  condition.  The  study  of  young  men 
in  our  institution  is  simply  the  study  of 
young  men  as  they  may  be  found  anywhere 
else,  except  that  here  they  are  closely  grouped, 
and  the  study  of  them  is  more  readily  made 
than  if  they  were  scattered  over  a  large  area. 
In  our  reformatory  a  scientific  analysis  of 
the  inmates  has  been  made.  Each  inmate  who 
has  been  received  has  been  tested  concerning 
his  mentality  by  Bimet's  admirable  psycholog- 
ical system,  with  the  result  that  46  per  cent, 
were  found  to  be  deficient.  These  figures 
were  not  dependent  upon  the  schooling  of 
the  boy,  but  upon  the  mental  capacity  that 
he  possessed.  A  further  search  would  reveal 
also  a  like  deficiency  in  educational  develop- 
ment. Of  the  present  population  of  514,  we 
have  but  one  young  man  who  has  ever  en- 
tered college,  and  very  few — a  score,  at  most 
— who  have  ever  entered  high  school.  A  very 
large  per  cent,  are  below  the  fifth  grade  in 
the  grammar  school.  Both  of  these  facts 
make  it  necessary  that  a  library  chosen  to 
meet  the  demands  of  our  readers  must  be,  to 
a  large  extent,  of  a  juvenile  character.  And 
yet,  at  the  same  time,  we  must  also  provide 
for  the  50  per  cent,  normal-minded  young 
men  who  desire  purposeful  fiction,  biography, 
travel  and  industry.  In  order  to  accomplish 
these  ends,  we  have  striven  to  secure  strong 
masculine  stories  and  such  biography  ^and 
trade  books  as  appeal  to  young  men  of  vigor. 
Thus  far  we  have  made  75  per  cent,  of  our 
books  fiction,  10  per  cent,  industry  or  trade 
books,  10  per  cent,  history,  and  5  per  cent, 
books  of  a  religious  character.  Many  of  our 
critics  will  probably  feel  that  there  should 
be  a  reversal  of  these  percentages,  but  we 

From  a  brief  talk  at  the  N.  J.  L.  A.  meeting,  Oct. 
16,  1912. 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


insist  that  it  is  necessary  to  work  from  the 
known  to  the  unknown — from  the  desire  to 
the  ideal.  In  this  we  are  striving  to  make 
the  question  of  reading  and  study  as  attrac- 
tive as  possible.  Pictures  and  magazines,  maps 
and  globes,  stereoscopes  and  stereopticons  are 
being  woven  more  and  more  into  the  life  of 
.those  who  before  have  shunned  reading  more 
than  they  have  vice.  Of  the  last  200  incom- 
ing inmates  who  have  been  questioned  as  to 
their  practice  of  reading,  not  a  single  one 
has  said  that  he  was  in  the  habit  of  drawing 
books  from  the  public  library.  This  condi- 
tion we  hope,  through  the  attractiveness  of 
our  library,  to  change,  so  that  when  our  young 
men  again  enter  society  they  may  appreciate 
their  opportunities  in  this  respect,  and  will 
find  it  easy  and  natural  to  use  the  public 
library.  G.  E.  ROBBINS. 

IMPERISHABLE   RECORDS 

"THE  imperishable  records  of  the  ancients, 
compared  with  methods  in  use  up  to  the  pres- 
ent time,"  by  George  Frederick  Kunz,  is  an 
interesting  survey  of  records  which  have  ex- 
isted and  been  handed  down  from  the  days 
of  the  temple  libraries  of  Assyria  and  Baby- 
lonia, and  of  the  Egyptians  and  the  Semites, 
up  to  the  present  time.  The  clay  tablets  were 
excellently  adapted  for  preservation.  The 
papyrus  of  the  Egyptians  are  clear  and  legible 
when  found  in  dry  places.  The  tablets  of  thin 
sheet-lead,  dating  1400  to  1800  years  back,  are 
still  legible.  But  the  deterioration  of  coins 
and  gems  have  shown  the  impossibility  of 
preserving  metals,  as  iron  and  copper,  and 
their  inscriptions.  To  create  the  modern 
tablet,  which  should  weather  all  ages,  Mr. 
Kunz  suggests  a  linotype  machine,  the  type 
to  be  run  off  as  though  for  the  purpose  of 
being  electrotyped  from  right  to  left.  From 
a  papier-mache  impression  of  this,  a  clay  im- 
pression could  be  made,  the  papier-mache 
being  withdrawn,  the  copy  reversed  in  order 
to  have  the  characters  in  proper  order,  and 
the  tablet  baked.  This  article  is  in  the  seven- 
teenth annual  report  of  the  American  Scenic 
and  Historic  Preservation  Society  (p.  367- 
385),  and  a  plate  reproduces  a  "modern  im- 
perishable tablet,"  for  "hard,  well-burnt  clay 
endures  forever  in  the  ancient  landmarks  of 
mankind,"  which  reads,  in  raised  letters  :  "The 
relics  of  the  ancients  having  demonstrated 
that  baked  clay  is  the  most  endurable  medium 
for  the  perpetuation  of  written  annals,  the 
American  Scenic  and  Historic  Preservation 
Society  makes  this  tablet  as  an  example  of  a 
record  which  is  invulnerable  by  the  ordinary 
agencies  of  change  and  decay,  and  which  will 
last  practically  as  long  as  the  world  shall 
endure.  This  tablet,  believed  to  be  the  first 
of  its  kind,  is  impressed  with  a  stereotype 
made  from  movable  type,  a  process  which  is 
simpler  than  that  of  old,  and  can  be  repro- 
duced indefinitely.  Done  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  December  4,  1911.  G.  F.  Kunz." 


ADMINISTRATION   OF   DEPART- 
MENTAL LIBRARIES 

THE  following  paragraphs  on  administra- 
tive organization  and  departmental  libraries 
are  quoted  from  the  report  of  Mr.  W.  Daw- 
son  Johnston,  librarian  of  Columbia  Univer- 
sity, for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1912,  which 
has  just  been  printed.  For  the  usual  sum- 
mary of  this  report,  see  page  55. 

"The  experience  of  the  past  year  has  again 
shown  the  necessity  of  more  thorough  train- 
ing of  library  assistants.  Few  of  the  more 
important  appointments  made  during  the  year 
have  been  from  among  library  school  grad- 
uates or  by  promotion  in  the  staff.  .It  is  still 
unfortunately  true  that  library  schools  are 
separate  from  universities,  and  are  not,  there- 
fore, able  to  offer  as  thorough  training  nor 
attract  as  able  men  as  university  schools  can. 
It  is  also  true  that  library  work  tends  to  be- 
come merely  mechanical.  In  a  small  library, 
where  the  reader  may  help  himself,  or  in  a 
library  intended  primarily  for  popular  enter- 
tainment, where  the  reader,  perhaps,  desires 
no  help,  the  lack  of  initial  training  and  the 
want  of  opportunity  for  continued  study  may 
not  be  felt ;  but  in  a  university  library  cer- 
tainly, and,  indeed,  in  any  large  reference 
library,  it  must  be  felt,  and  felt  keenly,  and 
the  standards  of  appointment  to  the  several 
grades  in  the  staff  of  the  library  must  tend 
to  become  the  same  as  those  in  the  cor- 
responding grades  'of  the  staff  of  instruc- 
tion. 

"During  the  year  this  has  been  definitely 
recognized  in  the  decision  to  employ  skilled 
bibliographers  as  librarians  of  the  several 
schools  of  the  university,  instead  of  student 
assistants.  The  duties  of  the  latter,  as  stu- 
dents, make  them  irregular  in  attendance  in 
the  reading  rooms,  and  their  absorption  in 
their  own  work  makes  them  almost  useless 
while  they  are  in  attendance.  Indeed,  even 
if  they  were  able  to  take  their  duties  as  libra- 
rians seriously,  they  could  not  become  ac- 
quainted with  them  during  the  short  period 
of  their  residence  in  the  university.  The  re- 
sult is  that  as  many  books  are  improperly 
removed  from  rooms  which  have  such  polic- 
ing as  from  rooms  which  are  without  it,  books 
which  would  be  useful  in  the  department  are 
not  taken  there,  or  if  they  are  taken  there, 
it  is  done  so  tardily  that  they  lose  much  of 
their  potential  usefulness,  and  proper  use  is. 
not  made  of  the  books  which  are  there ;  nor, 
indeed,  of  the  rooms  devoted  to  department 
reading-room  service.  While,  then,  we  shall 
continue  to  employ  students  as  temporary 
assistants  in  clerical  work  of  a  mechanical 
character,  we  shall  not  in  the  future  employ 
them  in  any  of  the  higher  grades  of  the  li- 
brary service. 

"Department  librarians  in  most  universi- 
ties are  only  librarians  in  name.  As  a  rule, 
they  are  either  needy  students  or  unsuccessful 
and  equally  needy  professors.  In  an  institu- 


26 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


tion  with  few  books  or  few  readers  this  mat- 
ters little,  perhaps,  but  in  an  institution  with 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  volumes  and  thou- 
sands of  students,  there  can  be  no  question 
as  to  the  importance  of  the  office  of  depart- 
ment librarian,  and  no  question  as  to  the  de- 
sirability of  securing  the  best  men  in  the  pro- 
fession to  fill  these  offices. 

''Nor  is  there  any  reason,  in  the  nature  of 
things,  why  the  department  librarian  or  the 
special  librarian  should  be  an  Ishmaelite  in 
the  profession.  Indeed,  with  proper  profes- 
sional training,  together  with  special  scientific 
equipment,  he  should  be  a  leader;  and  it 
should  be  as  high  an  ambition  in  a  junior 
assistant  to  become  a  department  librarian  as 
it  is  to  become  supervisor  of  the  order  de- 
partment, the  catalog  department,  or  any 
other  department  of  the  general  library  ser- 
vice. There  is  always  the  danger  in  library 
work,  as  in  other  work,  of  making  it  an  end 
in  itself,  and  of  looking  upon  service  on  the 
general  staff  as  the  goal  of  professional  am- 
bition. This,  of  course,  it  may  be  in  a  library 
intended  to  meet  only  elementary  needs,  but 
in  the  library  of  a  metropolitan  university 
members  of  the  general  staff  should  look  for- 
ward not  to  general  service  only,  but  also  to 
special  service.  Bibliographical  research  be- 
comes expert  only  as  it  is  specialized,  and  the 
results  of  such  research  become  practical  only 
as  they  are  made  available  for  specific  pur- 
poses. 

"For  this  reason,  it  seems  to  me,  assistants 
should  be  given  opportunity  for  specialization 
in  their  work  and  also  for  extra-official 
studies  of  an  advanced  character,  and  with 
this  in  view,  I  recommend  that  junior  assist- 
ants ranking,  as  bibliographers,  be  allowed 
time  each  year  to  pursue  at  least  one  course 
of  study  in  the  university.  Such  training  of 
assistants  for  department  library  service  must 
do  much  not  only  to  further  the  development 
of  these  organizations,  but  also  to  preserve 
that  unity  of  the  service  as  a  whole  which  is 
the  condition  of  efficient  and  economical  ad- 
ministration. 

"And  the  unification  of  the  service  is  fully 
as  important  as  its  specialization.  That  de- 
partment librarian  is  most  efficient  who  enlists 
the  service  of  the  entire  library  staff,  and 
serves  not  merely  his  own  school,  but  all  the 
schools  of  the  university,  and  his  efficiency 
as  a  librarian  is  to  be  measured  not  by  the 
standards  of  the  teacher,  or  the  lawyer,  or 
the  physician,  but  by  the  standards  of  his 
own  profession.  It  is  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
serving the  unity  of  the  library  service  that 
a  monthly  staff  meeting  of  heads  of  depart- 
ments has  been  instituted  during  the  past  year 
and  the  publication  of  a  staff  bulletin  begun. 
The  staff  meetings,  like  the  journal  clubs  in 
other  departments  of  the  university,  have  been 
devoted  primarily  to  the  discussion  of  current 
professional  literature,  American  and  foreign, 
and  have  done  much  to  stimulate  the  reading 
of  professional  literature,  and  make  the  staff 
acquainted  with  the  work  of  other  libraries 


and  other  librarians.  The  staff  bulletin  is  a 
brief  record  of  current  events  in  the  history 
of  the  university  library,  intended  to  keep 
members  of  the  staff  in  each  of  the  libraries 
acquainted  with  the  progress  of  all." 

"To  many  it  will  seem  that  this  [provision 
of  four  new  departmental  librarianships  by  the 
actions  of  the  trustees]  is  only  another  step 
in  the  decentralization — to  them,  unfortunate 
decentralization — of  the  library  service.  And, 
indeed,  it  may  prove  unfortunate  in  some 
cases,  but  wherever  trained  and  experienced 
librarians  can  be  secured  for  these  positions, 
and  wherever  the  library  administration  i£ 
allowed  to  carry  on  its  work  unhampered,  in 
accordance  with  the  best  library  procedure 
and  practice,  the  new  library  officials  cannot 
fail  to  assist  greatly  in  more  rapid  and  more 
thorough  research  work  on  the  part  of  all 
members  of  the  university.  Indeed,  so  far  as 
the  control  of  administrative  policies  and  the 
supervision  of  technical  processes  is  con- 
cerned, there  should  be  no  change;  so  far  as 
it  is  a  reinforcement  of  the  present  staff  em- 
ployed in  the  direct  service  of  readers,  it  is 
wholly  necessary  and  desirable;  and,  so  far 
as  the  smaller  department  libraries  are  con- 
cerned, it  is  a  movement  toward  centraliza- 
tion, rather  than  the  opposite. 

"There  is,  of  course,  the  possibility  that 
these  department  librarians  may  wish  to  be- 
come mere  administrative  officers,  each  with 
his  own  small  retinue  of  clerical  assistants, 
and  that  the  department  libraries  may  tend 
simply  to  reproduce  on  a  smaller  scale  the 
organization  of  the  general  library.  Strong 
emphasis  must,  therefore,  be  laid  upon  the 
fact  that  these  new  library  officers  are  not  to 
be  primarily  administrators,  but  scholars;  and 
not  primarily  specialists  in  library  economy, 
but  in  other  branches  of  science.  In  fact,  of 
those  already  appointed,  only  one  has  had 
general  library  training;  most  of  them  have 
had  little  time  for  the  study  of  library  econ- 
omy; and  few,  if  any  of  them,  will  have 
much  time  for  it  in  the  future,  that  is,  if  they 
attend  properly  to  the  duties  of  their  present 
offices.  As  a  consequence,  they  will  not  have 
the  ability  to  do  technical  library  work — much 
less  to  supervise  it;  or,  if  they  have  the  abil- 
ity, they  will  not  have  the  time  for  it.  Their 
time  must  be  devoted  to  the  study  of  the 
literature  of  their  respective  subjects  and  the 
needs  of  the  readers  in  their  several  depart- 
ments, and  not  merely  the  needs  of  professors, 
but  also  the  needs  of  students.  A  department 
library  is  not  the  place  for  librarians  who  pre- 
fer to  spend  their  time  with  library  assistants, 
rather  than  with  readers. 

"I  am  aware  that  there  will  be  many  officers 
of  instruction  who  will  agree  with  this  point 
of  view,  but  will  still  urge  that  the  needs  of 
their  departments  are  peculiar,  and  that  these 
cannot  be  satisfied  by  existing  library  meth- 
ods, but  only  by  methods  yet  to  be  discovered. 
I  cannot  but  sympathize  with  this  attitude, 
and  hope  that  every  member  of  the  library 
staff,  capable  of  scientific  work,  may  have 


January,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


ample  opportunity  for  experiment.  At  the 
same  time,  however,  I  am  certain  that,  in  the 
interests  of  both  efficiency  and  economy,  we 
should  avail  ourselves  of  the  results  of  the 
experiments  of  our  predecessors,  confine  our 
experiments  for  the  most  part  to  fields  which 
are  new,  and  follow  existing  methods  until 
their  inadequacy  has  been  proven. 

"In  short,  in  this  extension  of  department 
library  service  we  look  forward  not  so  much 
to  a  multiplication  of  libraries  as  a  multipli- 
cation of  reading  rooms  and  opportunities  for 
reading;  not  so  much  to  an  increase  in  the 
number  of  library  officials  as  to  a  differentia- 
tion of  function  in  the  existing  staff." 

CONCERNING  SOCIAL  AND  CIVIC 
MATERIAL 

To  insure  the  largest  usefulness  to  the  com- 
munity, the  library  will  need  to  render  a  spe- 
cial service  in  connection  with  material  pro- 
vided regarding  the  social,  civic,  health  and 
education  topics  which  have  to  do  with  local 
conditions. 

The  average  attractively  written  and  lavish- 
ly illustrated  magazine  article  usually  fails  to 
state,  or  not  infrequently  misstates,  the  fun- 
damental factors  in  the  successful  application 
of  the  idea.  On  the  other  hand,  the  progress 
of  events  is  such  that  even  articles  or  books 
from  authoritative  sources  may  easily  be  out 
of  date  within  a  year  or  so,  or,  at  any  rate, 
such  publications  may  omit  any  reference  to 
recently  discovered  facts  of  significance  when 
a  piece  of  work  is  undertaken  locally. 

Our  suggestion,  then,  is  that,  so  far  as  possi- 
ble, it  be  the  established  policy  of  the  library 
to  caution  clubwomen,  civic  workers  and 
others  who  seek  information  supposed  to 
point  to  the  doing  of  practical  things  in  the 
community.  With  this  warning  should  go,  if 
possible,  the  suggestion  of  the  national  sources 
of  information  which  are  most  likely  to  be  in 
touch  with  the  latest  developments  in  the  do- 
ing of  practical  things.  For  this  purpose,  those 
members  of  the  staff  who  deal  with  the  public 
should  at  least  know  that  there  is  a  national 
organization  or  a  national  headquarters  for 
every  welfare  idea  of  any  significance. 

Moreover,  it  would  not  be  a  difficult  un- 
dertaking to  compile  a  comparatively  complete 
list  of  such  national  sources  of  information. 
As  a  foundation  for  this,  secure  free  copies  of 
"What  every  social  worker  should  know  about 
his  own  city,"  and  "Inter-relation  of  social 
movements"  may  be  secured  by  addressing  the 
Sage  Foundation,  New  York  City.  Another 
extensive  list  of  organizations  having  to  do 
with  education  may  be  secured  of  the  Bureau 
of  Education,  at  Washington.  The  Brooklyn 
Eagle  Almanac  probably  contains  a  more  com- 
plete list  of  organizations  than  any  similar 
publication.  It  should  also  be  known  that  the 
editors  of  The  Survey,  105  East  22d  street, 
New  York,  endeavor  to  serve  as  a  clearing 
house  for  inquiries  regarding  any  phase  of  so- 
cial endeavor.  E.  G.  ROUTZAHN. 


BOOKS  AS  CARRIERS  OF  SCARLET 

FEVER* 

PUBLIC  libraries  must  frequently  allay  the 
fears  of  timid  people,  which  are  also  in- 
creased sometimes  by  sensational  newspaper 
accounts,  regarding  books  as  carriers  of  dis- 
ease. The  following  quotations  from  the  fore- 
going article  by  the  president  of  the  Board 
of  Health,  of  Valparaiso,  Ind.,  are  significant, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  are  in  line  with  pre- 
vious investigations  to  the  effect  that  the 
danger  of  contagion  through  public  library 
books  is  a  very  great  improbability.  The 
following  quotations  explain  the  matter  in 
greater  detail: 

"Scarlet  fever  made  its  appearance  in  Val- 
paraiso, Ind.,  September,  1908,  and  continued 
until  June,  1911.  It  is  estimated  that  during 
this  time  there  were  400  cases,  of  which  only 
255  were  reported  to  the  city  board  of  health ; 
145  were  not  reported,  and  most  of  them 
were  not  subjected  to  quarantine  regulations. 
Beginning  in  February,  1911,  a  special  study 
of  the  epidemic  was  begun  to  determine,  if 
possible,  what  steps  were  necessary  to  ter- 
minate this  epidemic. 

"The  question  whether  the  infection  was 
being  spread  through  the  medium  of  books 
was  considered.  If  books  were  carriers  of 
scarlet  fever  infection,  the  opportunity  for 
the  spread  of  the  disease  in  this  city  by  them 
was  very  great,  as  Valparaiso  is  a  residence 
and  school  city,  with  about  10,000  population. 
It  supports  two  libraries,  one  a  public  city 
library,  the  other  a  public  library  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Valparaiso  University.  The 
libraries  are  both  extensively  used,  the  public 
library  by  the  public  school  children,  the  citi- 
zens and  the  university  students.  The  uni- 
versity library  was  used  largely  by  the  uni- 
versity students.  Two  book  stores  situated 
near  the  university  made  a  practice  of  renting 
text-books  used  at  the  university;  two  de- 
partment stores  in  the  city  were  maintaining 
circulating  libraries,  and  in  the  lower  grades 
of  the  public  schools  a  large  number  of  sup- 
plemental books  were  furnished  the  pupils  by 
the  school  authorities,  and  these  books  were 
passed  from  class  to  class.  This  showed  the 
importance  of  determining  whether  books 
were  mediums  of  the  spread  of  the  disease 
or  not,  and,  if  so,  what  was  the  practical 
method  for  rendering  them  harmless. 

"The  popularity  of  the  juvenile  department 
and  the  attendance  of  children  suffering  from 
a  mild  attack  of  scarlet  fever,  or  those  who 
had  been  too  early  released  from  quarantine, 
undoubtedly  was  a  source  of  direct  contact, 
and  doubtless  some  cases  resulted ;  yet  no 
specific  case  was  traced  to  the  library.  The 
management  is  alert  and  desirous  of  making 
the  library  a  perfectly  safe  and  sanitary 
place. 
"At  the  beginning  of  this  investigation  of 

*  B.  Nesbit  Otis,  M.D.,  president  Valparaiso  Board  of 
Health,  in  the  Journal  of  the  American  Medical 
Association  for  Oct.  26,  1912.  p.  1526-1528. 


28 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


the  public  library,  as  fast  as  any  suspicious 
book  was  discovered  it  was  taken  from  the 
shelves  and  put  in  the  storeroom  and  kept 
there  until  the  study  had  been  completed. 
The  weight  of  evidence  indicated  clearly  that 
the  books  were  not  an  important  factor  in 
the  spread  of  the  disease,  and  they  were 
placed  back  on  the  shelves  without  being 
fumigated  and  again  put  in  circulation,  with- 
out producing  the  disease,  and  no  scarlet 
fever  developed  in  the  city  between  July,  1910, 
and  April,  1911. 

"If  books  act  as  carriers,  it  is  only  imme- 
diately after  being  contaminated  with  the 
discharges  of  the  patient;  yet  this  investiga- 
tion has  failed  to  reveal  a  single  instance  of 
this  kind. 

"Books  that  have  been  used  by  scarlet  fever 
patients  do  not  long  contain  the  infection  in 
such  a  way  as  to  transmit  the  disease  to  man. 

"Any  book  which  has  been  handled  by  a 
scarlet  fever  patient  should  be  burned  or 
fumigated.  The  most  practical  method  for 
general  book  disinfection  at  this  time  is  the 
Beebee  carbogasoline  method.  This  consists 
in  using  gas-machine  gasoline  and  two  per 
cent,  phenol  crystals;  the  books  are  immersed 
in  this  mixture  for  twenty  minutes,  removed 
and  placed  before  an  electric  fan  for  two 
minutes,  and  then  set  on  end  for  from 
twenty-four  to  forty-eight  hours." 

LANE    MEMORIAL     LIBRARY 

THE  volumes  of  Stanford  University's  de- 
partment of  medicine  are  now  shelved  in  the 
new  Lane  Memorial  Library,  the  gift  by  will 
of  Mrs.  Levi  Cooper  Lane,  which  was  dedicated 
November  3.  The  building,  constructed  on  a 
steel  frame,  is  of  smooth  Colusa  sandstone, 
of  a  soft  gray  color.  The  general  reading 
room,  with  its  open  shelves,  broad  tables  and 
quiet  green  walls,  is  enriched  by  mural  paint- 
ings by  Arthur  F.  Mathews,  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. The  stockrooms  are  absolutely  fire- 
proof and  can  be  cut  off  from  the  rest  of 
the  building  by  metal  doors.  There  is  no 
wood  at  all  in  the  construction  of  this  part 
of  the  building.  All  the  electric  wires  are 
separately  enclosed  in  metal  channels.  The 
heating  plant,  vacuum-cleaning  machinery  and 
similar  equipment  are  in  a  sub-basement. 
Although  the  library  is  the  largest  of  any 
of  the  university  medical  libraries  in  America, 
its  forty  thousand  volumes  are  easily  accom- 
modated on  the  shelves,  which  can  hold  as 
many  more  without  addition.  Indeed,  the 
capacity  of  the  building  could  be  brought  up 
to  something  like  three  times  the  number  of 
volumes  the  university  now  owns,  after  which 
an  extension  could  be  built  on  the  adjacent 
lot.  The  architect  is  Albert  Pissis,  of  San 
Francisco. 

The  medical  collection  was  originally  the 
library  of  the  Cooper  Medical  College,  recent- 
ly consolidated  with  Stanford  University.  It 
is  now  a  department  of  the  university  library. 


PENSION    FUND    SYSTEM 

THE  president,  Mr.  Osius,  of  the  board  of 
library  commissioners  of  Detroit,  has  pre- 
sented an  outline  of  a  projected  pension  fund 
system  for  the  library  staff.  With  the  princi- 
ple that  the  amount  to  be  set  aside  must  meet 
the  most  necessary  requirements  for  advanced 
years  and  be  sufficient  to  offer  at  least  a  sim- 
ple existence,  in  mind,  the  proposal  is  for  a 
fixed  contribution  by  the  employees,  the  ba- 
lance to  be  provided  from  certain  incomes  of 
the  library.  This  plan  would  cover  the  two 
important  questions  of  stability  and  a  reason- 
ably sufficient  income  to  the  beneficiary, 
coupled  with  reasonable  economy  for  both 
the  contributor  and  the  community : 

"The  sum  of  $8406.50  per  annum  is  re- 
quired to  provide  the  following  benefits  under 
Plan  No.  i : 

"A  60-years'  age  limit  of  service. 

"A  pension  of  $600  per  annum  at  the  age 
of  60  and  thereafter,  for  each,  receiving  at 
the  time  an  annual  salary  up  to  $1000. 

"A  pension  at  the  age  of  60,  of  60  per  cent, 
of  an  annual  salary  of  over  $1000  up  to  $2000 
per  annum. 

"At  the  beginning  of  each  year  following 
adoption,  an  amount  will  be  placed  into  the 
pension  fund,  based  on  the  employee's  age  at 
time  of  entering  the  service.  For  instance,, 
an  assistant  enters  at  the  age  of  20  years,  an 
amount  of  $42.95  per  annum,  less  his  own 
contribution,  will  be  placed  in  this  fund  until 
he  reaches  the  age  of  60  years.  If  an  em- 
ployee dies,  an  amount  corresponding  to  his 
year  of  entry  will  be  dropped.  This  also  re- 
fers to  persons  leaving  the  service  for  any 
reason. 

"Plan  i  intends  to  make  each  employee 
within  the  classified  service  including  libra- 
rian, assistant  librarian,  secretary  and  sten- 
ographer, compulsory  contributors  to  the  pen- 
sion fund  to  the  extent  of  3  per  cent,  of  their 
annual  salaries.  The  balance  is  to  be  provided 
from  certain  funds  now  available  for  library 
purposes,  such  as  miscellaneous  receipts,  pa- 
per sold,  catalogs  sold,  library  fines  and  bal- 
ances of  salary  fund.  The  estimated  total  of 
these  items  for  the  year  1913  will  probably 
reach  $5000,  with  a  normal  increase  from 
year  to  year.  The  contribution  of  3  per  cent, 
of  the  beneficiaries'  salaries  will  be  approxi- 
mately $2000,  making  a  total  of  approximately 
$7000  available  from  this  source.  This  would 
leave  about  $1400  to  be  provided  elsewhere. 

"We  now  come  to  the  question  of  pension- 
ing such  employees  as  have  not  reached  the 
age  of  60  years  but  may  for  reason  of  ina- 
bility or  otherwise,  be  considered  desirable 
pensioners.  Decision  of  this  feature  should 
be  entirely  in  the  hands  of  the  commissioners, 
and  they  should  be  considered  the  sole  judges 
whether  such  employees  should  be  relieved  of 
further  service.  Inasmuch  as  it  is  not  desir- 
able that  this  class  of  pensioners  is  unduly 
enlarged,  and  since  the  uncertainty  of  this 
feature  cannot  be  anticipated  by  any  statis- 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


tical  calculation,  I  would  create  a  'special  pen- 
sion fund,'  which  is  maintained  from  year  to 
year  by  placing  into  this  fund  an  amount 
equal  to  the  annual  pension  to  be  paid  to  the 
beneficiary.  This  contribution  to  that  fund 
is  to  cease  on  the  death  of  the  beneficiary. 
We  would,  therefore,  have  two  funds — the 
'regular  pension  fund/  consisting  of  3  per 
•cent,  salary  contributions  by  all  employees 
concerned  (less  than  25  per  cent,  of  the  to- 
tal), and  of  the  additional  revenues  as  stated. 
We  would  also  have  a  'special  pension  fund,' 
consisting  of  the  amounts  placed  annually 
therein  for  the  two  oldest  employees,  to  begin 
with,  and  such  others  as  may  be  added  from 
time  to  time  by  the  action  of  the  commission. 
In  the  above  plan,  a  service  limit  at  the  age 
of  60  years  has  been  considered  which  in- 
volves a  total  provision  of  $8406.50  per  an- 
num. If  the  age  limit  is  increased  to  65  years 
the  above  amount  can  be  decreased  about  35 
per  cent.  If  the  service  limit  is  decreased 
to  the  age  of  55  years,  the  above  sum  would 
have  to  be  increased  about  30  per  cent,  per 
annum.  If  the  employees'  contribution  is  re- 
turned in  part  or  all  on  leaving  the  service, 
above  amount  is  to  be  increased  about  50  per 
-cent." 

A  special  staff  meeting  was  held  late  in 
November,  at  which  Mr.  Osius  explained  the 
scheme  and  met  questions  and  criticism.  The 
scheme  was  considered  a  generous  one,  and 
all  that  could  be  desired  for  the  amount  of 
the  premium  or  contribution  enforced.  The 
library  commissioners  will  have  to  be  given  a 
special  enabling  act  from  the  legislature  in 
order  to  have  authority  to  install  the  plan, 
which  was  expected  to  be  ready  for  presenta- 
tion during  December. 

CONFERENCE  OF  EASTERN  COLLEGE 
LIBRARIANS 

THE  conference  of  Eastern  College  Libra- 
rians was  held  in  Earl  Hall,  Columbia  Univer- 
sity. Saturday,  Nov.  30, 1912.  The  first  session 
was  at  10.30  a.m.,  with  Mr.  W.  C.  Lane,  of 
Harvard  University,  acting  as  chairman. 

"Bibliographical  instruction  in  colleges"  was 
the  topic  for  papers  by  Dr.  Kendrick  C.  Bab- 
cock,  specialist  in  higher  education,  U.  S.  Bu- 
reau of  Education,  and  Mr.  Willard  Austen, 
reference  librarian,  Cornell  University. 

"A  new  way  to  deal  with  old  books"  was 
discussed  by  Dr.  H.  L.  Koopman,  librarian, 
Brown  University.  Dr.  L.  N.  Wilson,  librarian, 
Clark  University,  spoke  on  "A  model  private 
library  for  college  students." 

At  the  second  session,  at  2.30  p.m.,  Dr.  E.  C. 
Richardson,  Princeton  University,  presided. 
The  topics  were:  "The  library  in  relation  to 
other  departments  of  the  university,"  by  Dr.  T. 
F.  Crane,  acting  president,  Cornell  University ; 
"The  bibliographical  value  of  the  syllabus,"  by 
Mr.  Andrev/  Keogh,  assistant  librarian,  Yale 
University;  and  "Inter-library  loans,"  by  Mr. 
F.  C.  Hicks,  assistant  librarian,  Columbia  Uni- 
versity. 


WILLIAM    REED    EASTMAN 

IT  has  come  to  few  men  to  enter  a  new 
work,  carve  out  a  career  and  win  a  national 
professional  reputation  after  the  age  of  ^fifty- 
five.  This  has  been  done  by  Mr.  William 
Reed  Eastman,  who,  after  twenty  years  of 
continuous  and  devoted  service  in  behalf  of 
the  libraries  of  New  York  state,  presented  his 
resignation,  in  October  last,  as  chief  of  the 
division  of  educational  extension  in  the  New 
York  State  Library,  to  take  effect  Dec.  31, 
1912.  WTith  cordial  expressions  of  regret  and 
of  high  regard  for  the  distinguished  service 
l-.e  has  rendered  the  state,  the  resignation  has 
been  accepted  by  the  Education  Department. 
The  regret  and  regard  thus  expressed  in  offi- 
cial way  will  be  shared  by  everyone  who  has 
had  any  professional  or  official  relation  with 
Mr.  Eastman  during  his  twenty  years  of  li- 
brary activity,  and  by  innumerable  librarians 
and  trustees  throughout  the  state  who  have 
been  aided,  stimulated  and  directed  in  their 
work  by  his  counsel,  sympathy  or  active  co- 
operation. The  regret  will  be  modified,  how- 
ever, by  the  thought  that  the  severing  of 
official  connection  with  the  work  will  make 
little  or  no  difference  in  his  personal  interest 
in  or  devotion  to  the  cause  to  which  he  has 
so  long  given  his  heart,  and  by  the  knowledge 
that,  in  spite  of  advancing  age,  his  health, 
vigor  and  youthful  spirit  seem  to  assure  many 
years  yet  of  fellowship  and  helpful  counsel 
in  the  library  work  of  the  state. 

Taken  as  a  whole,  Mr.  Eastman's  career  is 
one  of  the  most  interesting  to  be  found  in 
modern  library  annals,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped 
that,  as  leisure  now  comes  to  him,  he  will 
find  the  time  and  impulse  to  put  in  the  form 
of  a  personal  memoir  a  connected  narrative 
of  the  events,  scenes  and  developments  in 
which  he  has  had  a  part.  He  was  born  in 
New  York  City  in  1835,  graduated  from  Yale 
College  in  1854  with  high  honors,  the  young- 
est man  in  his  class;  for  several  years  he 
was  engaged  in  surveying  and  engineering 
work,  being  one  of  the  force  to  survey  and 
lay  out  one  of  the  earliest  railways  in  Mexico. 
In  1859  he  entered  Union  Theological  Semin- 
ary, of  New  York  City,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  1862  and  ordained  a  Presbyte- 
rian minister.  During  the  years  1863-64,  he 
served  as  chaplain  of  the  72d  New  York 
Volunteers,  gaining  thus  experience  and  knowl- 
edge of  events  and  personalities  which  have  en- 
abled him  to  make  positive  and  interesting 
contributions  to  the  history  and  reminiscences 
of  that  period.  From  1864  to  1888  he  served 
continuously  as  pastor  of  various  churches  in 
Connecticut  and  Massachusetts.  In  1890 — the 
year  in  which  the  first  state  library  commis- 
sion was  formed — he  was  caught  in  the  rap- 
idly rising  tide  of  the  modern  library  move- 
ment, and  with  all  the  enthusiasm  and  devo- 
tion of  youth,  embarked  on  his  new  career. 
His  scholarly  ideals  and  professional  stan- 
dards would  permit  of  nothing  less  than  a 
most  thorough  and  systematic  preparation  for 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


this  career ;  so,  with  the  zest  of  a  schoolboy, 
he  entered  the  New  York  State  Library 
School  for  a  two-year  course,  completing  this 
with  the  class  of  1892.  He  was  immediately 
appointed  to  the  work  of  inspecting,  organiz- 
ing and  supervising  libraries  in  New  York 
state,  a  work  to  which,  in  various  capacities, 
he  has  continued  to  give  his  whole  energy  up 
to  the  present. 

What  he  has  done  for  library  development 
in  this  state  during  these  twenty  years  can 
never  be  measured  or  weighed  by  any  avail- 
able statistics.  It  is  true  his  work  has  been 
but  one  of  many  factors  entering  into  the 
product.  The  spirit  of  the  times,  favorable 
laws,  public  library  money,  the  development 
and  activities  of  the  State  Library  and  its 
traveling  library  system,  broad-minded  poli- 
cies of  the  Education  Department,  these  and 
many  other  forces  have  been  at  work  in  the 
field  during  this  period,  but  they  have  wrought 
their  effects  largely  through  the  mind,  spirit 
and  energy  of  Mr.  Eastman. 

The  statistics  of  library  growth  in  New 
Yoik  state  during  Mr.  Eastman's  connection 
with  the  field  are,  in  the  words  of  the  Book- 
man, "nothing  less  than  amazing,"  and  have 
perhaps  never  been  paralleled  by  those  of 
any  social,  educational  or  philanthropic  move- 
ment. Thus  in  1893,  there  were  in  the  state 
238  free  libraries,  including  school  libraries 
free  to  the  public;  in  1912  there  are  800  such 
libraries.  In  1893  there  were  in  free  libraries 
849,995  volumes;  in  1912  there  are  4,721,000 
volumes  in  such  libraries.  In  1893  there  was 
a  free  library  circulation  of  2,293,861  vol- 
umes; in  1912  a  circulation  of  20,309,176  vol- 
umes. These  figures  mean  that  there  has  been 
in  this  interval  a  threefold  growth  in  the 
number  of  free  libraries,  a  fivefold  growth 
in  the  number  of  volumes  in  these  libraries, 
and  a  ninefold  growth  in  their  circulation. 
Limiting  the  period  to  the  time  when  nearly 
all  of  both  field  and  office  work  was  done 
by  Mr.  Eastman,  from  1892  to  1901,  there 
was  a  growth  from  238  to  529  free  libraries, 
from  849,995  to  2,425,260  volumes  in  them, 
and  from  2,293,811  to  9,232,697  circulation. 

But  his  activities  and  influence  have  by  no 
means  been  confined  to  the  duties  connected 
with  his  office.  His  work  in  the  State  Library 
School,  as  instructor  in  the  theory  and  plan- 
ning of  library  buildings,  has  given  him  a 
foremost  place  among  authorities  in  this  field 
in  the  United  States,  and  has  been  an  influen- 
tial factor  throughout  the  whole  country  for 
economy  and  efficiency  in  library  construction. 
In  the  origin  and  development  of  the  New 
York  Library  Association,  which  he  has  served 
in  nearly  every  capacity,  his  steady,  systematic 
and  constructive  work  has  been  the  strongest 
single  factor.  What  Mr.  Dewey  was  to  the 
National  Association  Mr.  Eastman  has  been 
to  the  State  Association.  In  the  planning  and 
carrying  out  of  the  work  of  library  institutes, 
a  work  that  has  an  untold  and  immeasurable 
influence  in  the  library  development  of  the 


state,  he  was  from  the  first  the  leader  and 
director.  Through  the  development  of  this 
work  and  that  of  the  association,  he  has  seen 
during  his  twenty  years  of  active  service  the 
number  of  libraries  gathered  in  annual  con- 
ference and  cooperation  increased  from  15 
or  20  to  450,  and  the  number  of  persons  par- 
ticipating in  these  conferences  increased  from 
40  to  1250! 

Surely,  in  the  contemplation  of  such  ad- 
vances in  his  field  of  work  and  limitless  possi- 
bilities for  enlarged  and  enriched  living  for 
the  people  of  the  state  which  they  suggest, 
he  must  now  have  a  reward  and  satisfaction 
such  as  is  given  to  few  of  the  world's  suc- 
cessful workers. 

REPORT    OF    THE    LIBRARIAN    OF 
CONGRESS 

THE  contents  of  the  library  have  now 
reached,  with  the  close  of  the  last  fiscal  year,, 
June  30,  1912,  the  two-million  mark — our  na- 
tional library  being  third  in  size  of  the  libra- 
ries of  the  world.  The  gain  in  books,  accord- 
ing to  the  report  of  the  librarian,  just  issued 
(235  pages),  was  120,664,  making  the  total 
2,012,393.  Maps  and  charts  now  number  5177 ', 
music,  34,622;  prints,  10,731.  Books  were  ob- 
tained: 18,099  by  purchase,  23,591  by  gift,  20,- 
709  by  transfer  from  government  libraries, 
11,332  by  international  exchange,  9318  from 
state  governments,  19,835  by  copyright. 

The  purchases  have  included  but  one  of  an 
important  collection  en  bloc — the  Hoes  collec- 
tion relating  to  the  Spanish-American  warr 
of  about  43,866  pieces  (1405  volumes).  The 
collections  on  the  literature  of  art  and  archi- 
tecture were  systematically  developed  through 
the  expert  counsel  of  Prof.  R.  A.  Rice.  Em- 
phasis has  also  been  laid  upon  the  fundamen- 
tal source  material  in  history.  Dr.  Richardson's 
check  list  of  European  history,  showing  1226 
gaps,  and  work  on  covering  the  important 
deficiencies,  has  already  been  begun.  Special 
attention  was  also  given  to  the  literature  of 
contemporary  foreign  law,  the  first  fruit  be- 
ing the  guide  to  the  legal  literature  of  Ger- 
many. 

Transfers  and  exchanges  included  as  impor- 
tant items  1299  bound  volumes  of  periodicals 
and  newspapers  from  the  State  Department. 
Gross  receipts  were  22,253  volumes  and 
pamphlets;  gross  deductions,  20,669.  1243 
volumes  on  medicine  were  withdrawn  from 
the  copyright  files  and  sent  on  exchange  to 
the  John  Crerar  Library  and  the  Baltimore 
Medical  Library  Association,  and  nearly  4500 
numbers  of  unbound  periodicals  to  the  New 
York  State  Library. 

The  most  notable  event  of  the  year  was 
the  foundation  of  a  department  of  Judaica 
through  the  gift  by  Mr.  Jacob  H.  Schiff  of 
the  Deinard  collection,  numbering  9936  vol- 
umes and  pamphlets,  and  covering  a  period  of 
nearly  three  and  a  half  millenniums  from  the 
beginning  of  Jewish  national  life  to  the  pres- 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


ent  day.  Another  important  gift  is  the  Bolton 
library  of  chemistry,  alchemy  and  related 
topics ;  another,  the  Karow  collection  of 
works  relating  to  Napoleon,  about  300  vol- 
umes. 

The  division  of  manuscripts  describes  the 
important  gifts  received,  including  the  Maury 
papers,  the  additional  Van  Buren  papers,  the 
Mexican  Inquisition  papers,  the  Edwin  M. 
Stanton  papers,  the  Louise  Chandler  Moulton 
collection.  The  War  Department  records  are 
now  open  to  persons  properly  recommended. 
Executive  departments  of  the  government  now 
have  to  submit  their  lists  of  useless  papers 
before  disposing  of  them  to  the  librarian  for 
his  views  as  to  the  wisdom  of  preserving 
such  papers.  As  a  solution  to  the  proper 
housing  of  this  material,  the  erection  of  a 
central  archives  building  is  considered  neces- 
sary. The  division  of  documents  acquired 
26,111  volumes,  15,181  pamphlets,  930  maps 
and  charts.  The  division  has  rendered  special 
assistance  to  the  bibliographical  division. 

The  law  library  was  increased  by  7055  vol- 
umes. Publications  have  included  headings 
for  subject  catalog,  guides  to  law  of  Ger- 
many, the  first  of  the  guides  to  foreign  law. 
During  the  year  the  work  (of  the  period- 
ical division)  on  the  check  list  of  American 
eighteenth-century  newspapers  in  the  library 
was  completed.  Considerable  progress  was 
made  on  the  check  list  of  eighteenth-century 
American  magazines. 

The  division  of  prints  added  10.731  to  its 
collection.  It  supplied  16,050  photographs  of 
paintings,  sculpture  and  architecture  to  edu- 
cational institutions  and  art  classes. 

The  number  of  books  bound  was  30,601, 
27,278  by  the  library  bindery.  Of  leather  bind- 
ings, 6043  were  in  morocco,  8985  in  cowhide. 
The  bindery  pays  $48  a  dozen  skins. 

The  cataloging  division  cataloged  70,885 
volumes,  and  recataloged  60,084.  Two  addi- 
tional rules  on  cards  have  been  printed:  38, 
Libraries— France ;  39,  Regimental  histories- 
United  States.  A  new  series  of  rules  has  been 
started,  23  rules  having  been  issued.  Those 
of  general  interest,  when  tested  in  practice, 
will  be  printed  and  distributed.  Plans  for  the 
systematic  handling  and  cataloging  of  the  doc- 
tors' dissertations  of  American  universities 
were  formulated. 

The  number  of  volumes  classified  was  no,- 
102;  reclassified,  36,046;  new  accessions,  74,- 
056;  shelf-listed,  102,141. 

Card  section  subscribers  have  increased 
from  1572  to  1774.  Cash  sales  of  cards  (and 
proofsheets)  amounted  to  $41,745.17.  Cards 
for  about  47,000  different  titles  were  added 
to  the  stock.  The  total  stock  is  now  about 
539,000.  The  United  States  Catalog  was  sup- 
plied with  card  numbers. 

The  division  of  bibliography  reports  much 
cooperative  work,  extended  to  four  of  the 
larger  libraries.  "Evidently  a  clearing  house 
for  bibliographical  information  is  needed  [to 
avoid  duplication],  and  the  division  of  bibliog- 


raphy may  undertake  to  act  as  such  a  clear- 
ing house;  certainly  within  the  circle  formed 
by  the  state  libraries  and  the  legislative  refer- 
ence libraries." 

Books  for  the  blind  were  recalled  from  the 
District  of  Columbia  Public  Library  in  Janu- 
ary, and  the  service  for  the  blind  resumed  in 
the  Library  of  Congress. 

Expenditures  for  1912  were  $481,804;  gen- 
eral service  salaries,  $246,233;  distribution  of 
card  indexes,  $22,423;  Copyright  Office,  $95,- 
058  (offset  by  fees  covered  into  Treasury, 
$116,685)  ;  increase  of  library,  $98,000.  Build- 
ing and  ground  expenditure  was  $598,786; 
maintenance,  $71,558;  fuel,  light,  $17,897;  fur- 
niture and  shelving,  $19,953.  Card  index  dis- 
tribution cost  $22,423.  The  library  appropria- 
tion for  1913  is  $488,995,  such  recommenda- 
tions as  the  librarian's  salary  increase  from 
$6500  to  $7500,  book  purchase  increase  from 
$90,000  to  $110,000,  and  the  special  appropria- 
tion for  the  division  of  the  blind  of  $7500, 
not  being  granted. 

Visitors  to  the  library  building  numbered 
722,039,  a  daily  average  for  364  days  of  1984. 
A  new  stack  section  was  added  in  the  division 
of  music,  containing  5490  feet  of  shelving  and 
costing  $8887.49.  Improved  automatic  time 
(eight  minutes)  switches  for  controlling  the 
electric  lighting  were  substituted  in  the  north 
and  south  stacks  for  the  push-button  switches, 
reducing  the  consumption  of  current  and 
lamps  one-half. 

The  report  of  the  Register  of  Copyrights 
includes  text  of  the  ten  copyright  bills  intro- 
duced in  the  second  session  of  the  62d  Con- 
gress, court  decisions  and  text  of  the  United 
States  and  Hungary  convention.  Total  fees 
received,  $116.685;  includes  $108,393  for  $x 
certificates,  $5594  for  photographs.  Total  de- 
posits were  219,521,  with  120,931  registrations. 
To  the  Library  of  Congress  collection,  22,374 
volumes  were  transferred,  while  15,755  books 
were  sent  to  governmental  libraries  in  the 
District  of  Columbia,  and  43,137  articles  (in- 
cluding 16,353  books)  were  returned  to  copy- 
right claimants. 

REPORT  OF  THE  ROYAL  LIBRARY  OF 
BERLIN,  1911-12 

THE  library  celebrated  its  25Oth  anniversary 
during  the  past  year,  1911-12,  although  no 
exercises  were  held,  because  of  the  unfinished 
condition  of  the  new  building.  The  removal 
into  new  quarters  of  part  of  the  music  col- 
lection was  accomplished.  An  important  event 
of  the  year  was  the  publication  of  catalog 
cards,  for  sale,  separately,  at  2  pf.  At  the 
close  of  the  fiscal  year,  subscriptions  had  been 
taken  for  25  complete  sets  of  A  cards  (Ger- 
man books),  22  of  B  (foreign  books),  and 
26  of  C  (Oriental  titles)  ;  and  35  libraries  and 
individuals  made  selections.  Late  in  1911,  at 
a  conference  of  Prussian  library  directors,  it 
was  decided  to  push  the  union  catalog  to  im- 
mediate completion  and  publication  in  book- 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


form — if  possible,  also  on  cards.  In  case  this 
is  practicable,  the  international  size  card  will 
be  used.  Contents  are  to  be  noted  on  each 
entry. 

Accessions  for  the  year  were  47,111  vol- 
umes— 16,928  by  purchase,  13,293  by  gift,  13,- 
443  by  compulsory  deposit,  and  3447  from 
official  sources.  New  books  (4702)  cost  31,- 
993  marks;  continuations  (1758),  19*723  m. ; 
periodicals  (2689),  48,251  m.  By  subjects,  the 
largest  expense  was  for  historical  material, 
with  31,103  m.  General  works  were  second, 
with  16,048  m.  15,636  books  were  rebound 
outside  the  library,  while  the  new  library 
bindery  had  an  output  of  13,005.  Cost  of  the 
library  bindery  was  30,653  m.  for  salaries, 
and  8164  m.  for  material.  Total  cost  of  all 
binding  was  59,799  m.  The  library  bindery 
has  been  extended.  When  the  number  of  as- 
sistants, however,  reached  25,  it  was  officially 
decided,  on  social-political  grounds,  that  no 
further  increase  was  to  be  made. 

The  number  of  leaves  added  to  the  alpha- 
betic catalog  was  5903.  To  the  subject  cata- 
logs were  added  39,879. 

Loan  cards  issued,  14,592;  cards  for  reading 
room,  8355.  There  were  704,854  calls  for 
books,  of  which  539,757,  or  76.5  per  cent.,  were 
filled,  only  5  per  cent,  not  being  in  the  library. 
Students  and  candidates  for  degrees  consti- 
tute the  largest  class  of  borrowers  (6005) 
while  lawyers  and  higher  officials  were 
next  with  784,  except  that  there  were  786 
women  borrowers.  Interlibrary  loan  was  49,- 
986  volumes  to  1394  borrowers.  To  other 
countries:  Austria-Hungary,  1112;  Switzer- 
land, 124;  Belgium,  39;  Holland,  35;  Den- 
mark, 32;  Italy,  17;  Sweden,  15.  There  were 
none  sent  to  the  United  States. 

The  Prussian  union  catalog  contains  now 
about  600,000  slips,  of  which  about  200,000 
have  been  added  by  the  university  libraries. 
The  use  of  the  information  bureau  has  in- 
creased 16  per  cent. ;  there  were  4593  requests, 
12,430  books  sought. 

SOUTHERN    EDUCATIONAL    ASSOCIA- 
TION—DEPARTMENT OF  LIBRARIES 

THE  Department  of  Libraries  of  the  South- 
ern Educational  Association  held  a  very  in- 
teresting session  in  the  Louisville  Free  Public 
Library,  Nov.  29,  1912,  at  2  p.m. 

The  president  of  this  department,  Mr. 
Ernest  W.  Winkler,  librarian  of  the  State 
Library,  Austin,  Tex.,  was  unavoidably  ab- 
sent, and  Mr.  George  T.  Settle,  librarian  of 
the  Louisville  Free  Public  Library,  presided 
in  his  stead.  Mr.  S.  J.  Duncan-Clark,  editor 
of  the  Louisville  Herald,  delivered  the  ad- 
dress of  welcome.  A  very  splendid  paper  on 
"A  suggestive  outline  of  a  course  for  train- 
ing teachers  in  the  use  of  books"  was  pre- 
sented by  Miss  Lucy  E.  Fay,  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Tennessee.  Miss  Adelaide  F.  Evans, 
of  the  Louisville  Free  Public  Library,  pre- 
sented the  paper  on  the  "Evaluation  of  books 


for  pupils  in  the  grades,"  which  was  prepared 
by  Miss  Adeline  B.  Zachert,  of  the  Rochester 
Public  Library,  Rochester,  N.  Y.  Prof.  J.  P. 
W.  Brouse,  of  Somerset,  Ky.,  read  a  paper  on 
the  "Library  as  seen  by  the  state."  A  paper 
on  "The  need  of  the  library  for  best  results 
in  teaching  the  cultural  subjects  comparable 
to  the  need  of  the  laboratory  in  teaching  the 
science  courses"  was  read  by  Prof.  St.  George 
L.  Sioussat,  of  Vanderbilt  University.  In  this 
paper,  the  writer  urged  the  need  of  greater 
attention  to  the  development  of  school  libra- 
ries for  the  sake  of  better  work  in  history 
and  other  cultural  subjects.  To  history  teach- 
ing, the  library  stands  in  much  the  same  re- 
lation as  that  held  by  the  laboratory  in  the 
work  of  the  natural  sciences.  Teaching  his- 
tory with  the  use  of  a  single  text-book  is  an 
out-of-date  method,  but  under  present  condi- 
tions that  is  often  all  that  can  be  done.  The 
speaker  called  attention  to  the  recommenda- 
tions of  all  the  important  committees  and 
conferences  of  teaching  of  history  held  in 
recent  years,  and  pointed  out  their  unanimity 
in  the  demand  for  a  library  for  history  work. 
He  gave  examples  and  statistics  showing  the 
dearth  of  school  libraries,  and  mentioned  as 
notable  beginnings  of  an  effort  to  meet  the 
want  the  establishment  of  local  school  libra- 
ries by  state  aid,  and  the  initiation  of  the 
system  of  traveling  libraries  now  in  effect 
in  some  states,  including  Kentucky  and  Ten- 
nessee. Prof.  Sioussat  closed  with  a  plea  for 
greater  interest  in  school  libraries  and  for 
an  increased  expenditure  for  this  purpose, 
along  with  the  sums  spent  for  buildings,  sala- 
ries and  equipment. 

A  very  excellent  paper  on  the  "Coordina- 
tion of  the  administration  and  work  of  pub- 
lic libraries  and  high  school  libraries"  was 
presented  by  Miss  Marilla  Waite  Freeman,  of 
Goodwyn  Institute,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

MARY  SKEFFINGTON,  Secy. 


NEW  YORK  STATE  TEACHERS'  ASSO- 
CIATION—LIBRARY   SECTION 

THE  meeting  was  called  to  order  at  9.50 
a.m.  by  the  president,  Mr.  F.  K.  Walter,  with 
about  75  members  in  attendance.  Owing  to 
the  absence  of  the  secretary,  Miss  A.  E.  Hat- 
field,  Miss  Higgins,  of  Utica,  was  made  secre- 
tary pro  tern. 

Dr.  Sherman  Williams,  chief  of  the  School 
Libraries  Division,  was  introduced  as  the  first 
speaker  and  read  a  paper  on  "School  libra- 
ries ;  the  aim  of  the  Education  Department  in 
regard  to  them." 

The  chair  was  asked  how  much  library 
training  a  school  librarian  in  a  secondary 
school  should  have.  He  gave  as  his  opinion 
that  it  should  be  graduation  from  a  library 
school  or  its  equivalent.  He  also  announced 
plans  for  a  free  summer  school  at  the  State 
Library  School  in  Albany,  with  sessions  in 
June  and  July.  These  months  were  chosen 
so  that  the  summer  students  might  have  the 


January,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


33 


benefit  of  the  lectures  on  children's  books 
and  reading  given  to  students  in  the  regular 
course  in  June.  The  school  is  to  be  open 
without  tuition  for  school  librarians  now  em- 
ployed as  such,  or  to  teachers  actually  doing 
library  work  who  wish  the  advantage  of  li- 
brary training. 

Miss  May  Massee,  of  Buffalo  Public  Li- 
brary, spoke  on  "Books  that  children  like." 

Owing  to  the  absence  of  Miss  Ahern,  Miss 
Reynolds  read  her  paper  on  "Professional 
training  for  school  librarians." 

The  question  was  brought  up  as  to  whether 
teachers  should  have  library  training  at  nor- 
mal schools  or  library  schools.  In  the  discus- 
sion which  followed,  Dr.  Williams  expressed 
a  fear  that  school  libraries  would  take  as 
their  aim  the  supplementing  of  classroom 
work,  whereas  his  conviction  was  that  they 
should  only  foster  a  love  of  reading  and  in- 
culcate the  reading  habit  among  the  pupils. 
Miss  Viele,  of  the  Buffalo  Normal;  Miss 
Massee,  of  Buffalo  Public  Library;  Miss 
Webster,  state  library  organizer,  discussed 
these  questions,  the  consensus  of  opinion  be- 
ing that  the  training  in  library  methods  and 
the  use  of  books,  if  given  at  normal  schools, 
could  help  very  materially  in  teachers'  corre- 
lating the  work  of  public  schools  and  public 
libraries. 

Miss  Hiemens,  of  the  Geneseo  Normal 
School,  spoke  of  two  required  courses  given 
there.  The  first  is  one  of  ten  lessons  on  li- 
brary methods,  showing  how  to  use  a  library. 
The  second  is  devoted  to  gaining  a  knowledge 
of  books. 

Miss  Viele  then  gave  the  report  of  the 
nominating  committee,  as  follows :  President, 
Miss  C.  M.  Underbill;  secretary,  Miss  Addie 
E.  Hatfield.  The  nominees  were  unanimously 
elected.  « 

Dr.  Williams  then  moved  that  the  library 
section  send  a  vote  of  thanks  to  Mr.  Russell 
Forbes  for  his  work  in  making  the  exhibition 
of  library  work  with  schools  so  great  a  suc- 
cess, which  was  seconded  and  passed. 

The  announcement  was  made  that  certain 
material  in  the  exhibition  was  owned  by  the 
Library  Section.  A  motion  to  authorize  Mr. 
Forbes  to  ship  this  to  the  School  Library 
Division  of  State  Education  Department  at 
Albany  was  seconded  and  passed. 

The  afternoon  session  of  the  Library  Sec- 
tion was  held  with  the  Rural  Education  Sec- 
tion, and  was  attended  by  two  hundred  or 
more.  The  first  speaker  was  Superintendent 
W.  E.  Pierce,  of  East  Aurora,  who  spoke 
about  his  experience  in  conducting  teachers' 
institutes,  and  argued  in  favor  of  the  smaller, 
less  formal  and  specialized,  meetings. 

Miss  Jean  Y.  Ayer,  of  the  State  Normal 
School  at  Cortland,  gave  a  delightful  paper 
on  "Books  and  the  love  of  books."  Three  of 
her  points  were  that  superintendents  should 
require  of  teachers  that  they  have  a  sense  of 
humor  and  be  well  read;  that  teachers  cannot 
teach  with  enthusiasm  what  they  do  not 


love,  and  should,  therefore,  acquire  an  ap- 
preciation of  good  reading  in  order  to  culti- 
vate the  right  reading  habits  among  children; 
and  that  no  good,  unselfish  work  is  ever  lost. 

At  the  end  of  her  paper,  Mr.  Walter  took 
the  chair  and  introduced  Superintendent  W. 
S.  Clark,  of  West  Albany,  who  read  a  paper 
on  "What  district  superintendents  can  do  for 
school  libraries."  He  said  that  cultivating  the 
reading  habit  among  pupils  was  the  most  im- 
portant thing  the  school  could  do  for  them. 
He  made  a  strong  plea  for  the  teacher  to 
try  to  create  a  yearning  for  knowledge  among 
the  boys  and  girls,  and  to  take  as  her  joint 
aim  instructing  them  in  how  and  what  to 
read.  He  then  outlined  the  help  which  the 
district  superintendent  could  give  in  aiding 
the  teachers  in  rural  schools  to  get  an  ade- 
quate supply  of  well-selected  books.  He  said 
that  the  superintendent  should  familiarize 
himself  with  good  books  for  children,  have 
some  knowledge  of  the  details  of  library  or- 
ganization and  arrangement. 

The  discussion  which  followed  was  opened 
by  Superintendent  Henry  A.  Dann,  of  Lan- 
caster, N.  Y.  He  read  a  carefully  prepared 
paper,  which  was  of  practical  interest  and 
which  received  the  closest  attention.  Among 
other  points  emphasized,  he  said :  "The  ma- 
jority of  books  in  the  smaller  schools  of  one 
supervisory  district  should  be  the  same  .  .  ." 
and  to  bring  this  about  he  would  have  the 
superintendent  make  out  a  general  list  of 
books  each  year;  then,  in  a  personal  inter- 
view with  the  teacher  in  each  school,  check 
those  needed  to  meet  the  special  needs  of  each 
district.  A  blank  application  for  state  money 
should  be  filled  out,  and  also  an  authorization 
for  the  teacher  to  buy  the  books.  Then  let 
the  trustee  be  summoned  to  the  conference 
and  the  importance  of  the  purchase  be  urged 
upon  him.  A  very  desirable  point  gained  by 
the  plan  of  having  books  alike  in  the  libraries 
of  one  district,  at  least,  is  that  the  work  at 
teachers'  meetings  will  be  greatly  facilitated, 
and  efforts  to  aid  teachers  to  fuller  apprecia- 
tion of  the  books  in  their  libraries  would  be 
much  more  effective. 

Mr.  Dann  suggested  as  a  "foundation  cause" 
for  the  complaint  mentioned  by  Superinten- 
dent Clark  that  the  rural  schools  turned  out 
such  poor  readers,  is  the  monotonous  round 
of  selections,  poems  and  stories  which  these 
children  hear  year  after  year,  from  the  time 
they  are  six  until  they  are  fourteen  years  of 
age.  He  would  have  the  district  purchase 
sets  of  books  for  classwork  in  such  schools 
as  are  pretty  well  equipped,  as  far  as  the 
library  is  concerned,  and  presented  a  list  of 
16  sets — a  total  of  86  books,  which  can  be 
purchased  for  $29.26  net,  or  at  an  expense  to 
the  district  of  $14.63.  Such  additions  "would 
be  a  great  help  to  the  teaching  of  reading,  to 
the  enlarging  of  the  vocabulary,  and  the  pleas- 
ure the  child  would  get." 

The  discussion  of  Mr.  Clark's  paper  was 
continued  in  the  paper  prepared  by  Miss 


34 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


Webster.  She  said  the  work  of  the  schools 
is  to  make  the  library  effective,  and  that  of 
the  state  is  the  extension  of  library  service. 
"When  the  country  school  library  is  made 
effective,  the  people  in  the  open  country  will 
have  library  service,  and  our  problem,  as  well 
as  yours,  will  be  solved."  "There  are  still  one 
million  people  in  the  state  who  are  without 
library  privileges  (report  of  committee  on 
libraries  in  rural  communities,  New  York 
State  Library  Association).  There  are  about 
two  million  books  in  the  country  schools  of 
the  state,  but  practically  no  judgment  has 
been  used  in  the  selection  of  these  books,  and 
75  per  cent,  of  the  books  are  for  children 
above  the  sixth  grade,  while  80  per  cent,  of 
the  children  in  these  schools  never  go  beyond 
the  sixth  grade."  "There  are,  of  course,  many 
teachers  in  the  country  schools  to-day  who 
take  great  pride  in  their  libraries — have  made 
great  effort  and  many  sacrifices  to  get  a  good 
library — and  to  these  we  want  to  give  due 
credit.  On  the  other  hand,  there  are  many 
who  have  no  knowledge  of  children's  books 
beyond  a  few  titles  that  they  have  met  in 
the  syllabus.  This  is  largely  because,  in  their 
training  or  in  their  lives,  they  have  never 
been  exposed  to  books."  It  should  be  the 
aim  of  the  superintendent  "that  every  teacher 
is  exposed  to  good  children's  books,"  and  it 
is  here  that  the  traveling  libraries  are  of 
great  assistance  in  bringing  this  about.  Books 
suitable  for  district  schools;  attractive  edi- 
tions of  old  favorites,  nature  books,  picture 
books,  etc. — all  these  are  possible  and  others; 
but  a  traveling  library  is  not  effective  unless 
there  is  a  librarian,  who,  in  most  cases,  must 
be  the  teacher  of  the  school.  "It  is  the  man 
behind  the  gun  who  counts.  In  the  fight  we 
are  making  together,  the  teacher  is  the  marks- 
man, the  district  superintendent  the  com- 
manding officer  (or  should  be  rather  than  the 
book  agent),  and  the  library  merely  furnishes 
the  ammunition." 

The  library  exhibit  in  charge  of  Mr.  Rus- 
sell J.  Forbes,  Buffalo  Public  Library,  and  his 
assistants — Miss  Grace  Viele,  Buffalo  State 
Normal  School,  and  Mr.  Raymond  F.  O'Hara, 
Buffalo  Public  Library — attracted  most  favor- 
able attention.  It  was  well-placed  and  had 
plenty  of  room.  Expressions  of  appreciation 
of  the  work  of  the  committee  were  heard 
from  all,  particularly  those  of  experience  in 
this  work. 

The  object  of  the  exhibit  was  to  make 
known  to  teachers  and  librarians  of  New  York 
state  various  aids  which  have  been  found  use- 
ful in  school  work.  Attention  was  called  to 
the  special  reading  lists  for  boys  and  girls, 
to  the  outlines  of  instruction  in  the  use  of 
books,  and  to  the  collection  of  books  for 
classroom  libraries  and  home  use.  Many  of 
these  lists  were  distributed  free.  Though 
the  exhibits  are  largely  from  New  York 
state  libraries — Binghamton,  New  York  City, 
Utica,  Brooklyn,  Buffalo  and  Geneseo  con- 
tributing— the  character  of  the  work  of  out- 
side libraries  which  specialize  in  school  aids 


was  shown  in  displays  by  the  libraries  of 
Chicago,  111.,  Cleveland,  O.,  Newark,  N.  J.> 
Springfield,  Mass.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa.  ADDIE  E.  HATFIELD,  Secy. 

State  !E4brai:2  Commissions 

NEBRASKA   PUBLIC  LIBRARY   COMMISSION 

The  sixth  biennial  report  of  the  commis- 
sion shows  that  the  secretary  has  given  18 
public  talks,  and  the  institution  librarian  sev- 
eral. Visits,  varying  in  length  from  two 
hours  to  two  weeks,  were  made  to  libraries. 
Help  in  cataloging  and  organizing  has  been 
given  to  18  libraries.  Book  lists  and  printed 
helps  have  been  sent  wherever  needed — the 
A.  L.  A.  Booklist  and  Wisconsin  Library  Bul- 
letin to  all  libraries.  The  secretary  has  trav- 
eled almost  10,000  miles  in  the  interests  of 
the  libraries.  Libraries  in  the  state  now  total 
91.  Only  three  towns  over  2000  population 
have  not  taken  steps  to  provide  libraries. 
30,225  volumes  have  been  sent  out  in  response 
to  1306  requests;  the  former  figure  represents 
an  increase  of  32  per  cent,  over  the  last  bi- 
ennium.  Work  on  institutional  libraries  has 
begun  most  successfully.  All  work  of  prepa- 
ration and  ordering  was  done  at  the  commis- 
sion office.  The  commission  now  has  10,064 
books  at  its  disposal.  The  expenditures,  N. 
30,  I9IO-N.  30,  1912,  totaled  $9670.28.  Ex- 
penditure for  state  institutions,  My.  15,  1911- 
N.  30,  1912,  were  $4176.97. 

NORTH    DAKOTA    STATE    LIBRARY    COMMIS- 
SION 

A  paper,  entitled  "A  night's  repose,"  read 
at  the  recent  N.  D.  Library  Association  meet- 
ing by  Mrs.  Minnie  C.  Budlong,  secretary  of 
the  commission,  summarizes  the  year's  growth 
of  North  Dakota  libraries.  Every  library 
shows  a  substantial  balance  at  the  end  of  the 
year,  12  to  25  per  cent,  being  the  usual  bal- 
ance reported.  This  showing,  however,  has 
been  attained  by  sacrificing  the  purchase  of 
books,  all  but  two  having  spent  less  for  books, 
periodicals  and  binding  than  in  1910-11.  Only 
four  libraries  reported  a  decrease  in  income. 
A  gratifying  increase  in  reading  of  non-fic- 
tion is  reported.  The  number  of  books  loaned 
each  borrower  has  decreased,  explained  in 
some  libraries  by  the  need  of  new  books. 
TENNESSEE  FREE  LIBRARY  COMMISSION 
The  annual  report  for  the  year  ending 
June  30,  1912,  is  a  general  description  of  the 
work  accomplished.  The  usual  extension 
work,  visits,  organizing,  summer  course,  aid 
to  state  institutions,  traveling  libraries,  ex- 
hibits, etc.,  was  undertaken.  There  are  now 
seven  free  public  libraries  and  a  number  of 
flourishing  subscription  libraries.  A  plea  is 
made  for  free  county  libraries.  Expenditures 
were:  Secretary's  salary  $1000;  books  $774; 
office  supplies  $288;  shipping  cases  $125;  and 
travel  and  incidental  expenses  $312,  making 
up  the  more  important  items  of  the  total  ap- 
propriation of  $2500. 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


35 


VERMONT   BOARD    OF   LIBRARY   COMMIS- 
SIONERS 

The  review  of  the  work  of  the  commission 
during  the  biennial  term  ending  June  30, 1912, 
shows  their  activities  in  selection  of  books 
and  pictures,  in  advice  and  instruction,  and 
in  inspiration  of  public  and  librarians,  with 
a  sense  of  the  dignity  and  scope  of  library- 
work.  58  towns  received  collections  of  35 
volumes  ($25),  238  libraries  were  loaned  to 
157  communities.  105  new  stations  in  69 
towns  were  established  in  the  2  years,  making 
a  total  of  97,  with  157  stations.  Libraries 
were  installed  in  3  state  institutions.  The 
secretary,  Miss  Wright,  has  made  visits  to 
67  towns.  A  two-day  library  school  was  held 
in  Bennington.  Exhibits  were  made  at  agri- 
cultural fairs.  The  board  has  held  public 
meetings  and  exhibits  of  books,  pictures,  etc. 
63  communities  own  their  own  buildings,  only 
4  of  which  are  Carnegie  buildings.  138  towns 
have  free  public  libraries,  owned  and  con- 
trolled by  the  town.  The  report  lists  Ver- 
mont library  donations  and  detailed  statistics. 
A  map,  42  x  26,  locates  Vermont  libraries. 

On  May  7  the  board,  with  the  help  of  the 
Bennington  Library  trustees  and  the  Woman's 
Civic  League,  held  a  public  meeting.  Miss 
Alice  Shepard,  of  the  Springfield  (Mass.) 
City  Library,  spoke  on  "Liberal  rules."  The 
secretary  of  the  commission  told  what  the 
commission  does  to  interest  the  public  — a 
quarterly  bulletin,  public  meetings,  exhibits 
at  fairs,  direct  aid  to  town  libraries  in  the 
shape  of  books,  etc.,  etc.  Miss  Angie  Melden, 
librarian  of  the  Bennington  Free  Library,  told 
about  "Enlisting  the  children"  by  means  of 
a  fairy  play — "Snow-white" — acted  by  the 
children,  the  proceeds  being  used  to  buy 
much-needed  children's  books.  Miss  E.  L. 
Lease,  librarian  of  the  Kellogg-Hubbard  Li- 
brary, of  Montpelier,  spoke  on  "Economy  and 
timeliness  of  purchase."  Miss  Charlotte 
Temple,  librarian  in  North  Adams,  Mass., 
mentioned  many  useful  book  tools  for  libra- 
rians. Miss  Eleanor  Eggleston,  of  Manches- 
ter, gave  brief  reviews  of  recent  books.  Miss 
E.  C.  Hills,  of  Lyndonville,  gave  brief  out- 
lines or  only  mention  by  title  of  17  good  out- 
door books.  "The  library  and  the  young 
people"  was  a  most  interesting  talk  by  Miss 
Hazel  McLeod,  of  the  Bennington  High 
School,  from  the  teacher's  point  of  view  and 
actual  practice. 

In  the  evening,  Dr.  Guy  Potter  Benton, 
president  of  the  University  of  Vermont,  spoke 
on  "Samuel  Adams,  patriot." 

On  May  8  and  9,  seven  librarians  and  trus- 
tees gathered  in  the  library  for  an  informal 
school,  an  attempt  to  reach  the  workers  in 
the  very  small  libraries,  who  had  never  been 
able  to  attend  the  previous  yearly  institutes. 
They  took  up  classification,  cataloging,  shelf- 
listing,  simple  charging  systems  and  book 
mending. 

In  the  afternoon  of  May  8,  the  school  ad- 
journed to  hear  Mrs.  P.  Wellington  Bragg, 


of  Rutland,  professional  story-teller,  tell  sto- 
ries to  6  grades  of  the  grammar  school  —  one 
set  of  stories  to  the  3  lower  grades,  another 
set  to  the  3  upper  grades. 

Meetings  on  October  2-3  were  held  with 
the  Vermont  Library  Association,  of  which  a 
report  was  printed  in  the  December  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL. 

October  23-26,  at  the  Vermont  Teachers' 
Association  annual  meeting  in  Rutland,  the 
board  exhibited  a  school  traveling  library  and 
pictures  from  its  different  sets,  to  show  dis- 
trict school  teachers  in  particular  how  the 
state  will  help  them  and  their  pupils  with 
good  books. 

In  Bradford,  at  a  meeting  of  all  the  teach- 
ers and  the  teacher  training  class  of  10  girls, 
Miss  F.  B.  Fletcher,  of  the  board,  told  about 
school  traveling  libraries  and  pictures  and 
how  to  obtain  them  ;  and  Miss  Alice  A.  Blan- 
chard,  formerly  of  the  Seattle  (Wash.)  Pub- 
lic Library,  told  of  the  best  methods  of  co- 
operation between  library  and  school,  and 
how  the  school  children's  needs  in  Bradford 
and  its  district  schools  might  be  satisfied. 

REBECCA  W.  WRIGHT,  Secy. 


State 


Bssocmtions 


ALABAMA    LIBRARY    ASSOCIATION 

The  9th  annual  meeting  of  the  Alabama 
Library  Association,  held  in  Union  Springs 
and  Troy,  November  25-27,  was  an  acknowl- 
edged success. 

The  habit  of  the  association  has  been  to 
hold  the  sessions  of  the  annual  meetings  in 
two  or  more  neighboring  towns,  thus  giving 
the  librarians  of  the  state  the  privilege  of 
becoming  personally  acquainted  with  a  greater 
number  of  libraries  and  library  communities. 
The  result  is  most  happy,  being  one  of  two- 
fold benefit.  First,  on  the  part  of  the  visiting 
librarians,  there  is  a  keener  interest  in  and 
appreciation  of  the  libraries  visited;  and,  sec- 
ond, on  the  part  of  the  entertaining  libraries 
and  communities,  there  is  an  inspiration  to 
greater  and  deeper  library  enthusiasm. 

SESSIONS   AT   UNION    SPRINGS 

The  first  session,  held  on  the  evening  of  the 
25th  in  Union  Springs,  was  devoted  to  the 
dedicatory  exercises  of  the  beautiful  new 
Union  Springs  Library.  Dr.  Thomas  M. 
Owen,  president  of  the  association,  presided 
at  this  and  subsequent  sessions.  The  dedi- 
catory address  was  made  by  Prof.  J.  R.  Rut- 
land, librarian  of  the  Alabama  Polytechnic 
Institute  at  Auburn.  His  subject  was  "The 
value  of  books  and  reading." 

The  interesting  program  was  followed  by 
an  informal  reception,  given  in  the  audi- 
torium. The  people  of  Union  Springs  and 
the  county,  for  the  library  is  a  county  library,  , 
may  well  be  proud  of  their  new  building.  It. 
has  been  planned  not  only  with  an  eye  to  in- 
terior beauty,  but,  at  the  same  time,  effective 
usefulness. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


The  session  of  the  following  morning  was 
given  over  to  round-table  discussion.  The 
live,  animated  way  in  which  the  best  and  most 
helpful  ideas  were  interchanged  proved  their 
worth.  These  topics  were:  "Qualifications  of 
librarians,"  "Library  apprentices,"  "Training 
the  patron,"  "How  to  attract  the  children," 
"Men  and  the  library,"  "Library  advertising," 
"The  librarian's  vacation,"  "The  library  as  a 
social  center,"  and  "Some  things  that  interest 
or  perplex  the  librarian." 

SESSIONS   AT  TROY 

The  main  thought  running  through  the 
whole  of  the  meetings  was  brought  out  fully 
and  clearly  in  a  paper  read  by  Miss  Katherine 
Hinton  Wootten,  librarian  of  the  Carnegie 
Library,  of  Atlanta,  at  the  night  session  held 
in  Troy,  November  26.  The  subject,  "Trained 
librarianship,"  as  presented  by  Miss  Wootten, 
dwelt  on  the  decided  need  of.  the  library  for 
the  librarian  who  has  been  especially  trained 
in  library  methods,  the  preparation  necessary 
and  the  natural  qualifications  requisite  for 
effective  librarianship. 

The  second  session  in  Troy,  on  the  27th, 
and  which  was  of  absorbing  interest,  was 
featured  by  an  address  by  Mr.  P.  W.  Hodges, 
secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Teachers' 
Examiners,  on  "Schools  and  libraries."  The 
address  dealt  with  all  sides  of  the  school 
question,  gave  a  sketch  of  the  birth  and 
growth  of  the  Alabama  school  library  law, 
and  showed  by  actual  statistics  how  the  Ala- 
bama teachers  and  local  school  trustees  were 
reaching  onward  and  upward  toward  higher 
culture,  by  bringing  the  child  in  contact  with 
the  best  in  literature  through  the  medium  of 
the  school  library.  The  discussions  brought 
out  many  points  of  value  for  the  rural  school 
library,  and  encouraged  a  hearty  cooperation 
between  the  trained  librarian  of  the  city  or 
town  library  and  the  school  library. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  for  the 
ensuing  year:  President,  Dr.  Thomas  M. 
Owen,  Montgomery;  first  vice-president,  J. 
R.  Rutland,  Auburn;  second  vice-president, 
Miss  Ora  I.  Smith,  Tuscaloosa;  third  vice- 
president,  Prof.  P.  W.  Hodges,  Montgomery; 
secretary,  Miss  Gertrude  Ryan,  Montgomery; 
treasurer,  Miss  Laura  Elmore,  Montgomery. 
Executive  Council  (in  addition  to  the  offi- 
cers) :  Miss  Lila  May  Chapman,  Birming- 
ham;  Dr.  T.  W.  Palmer,  Mpntevallo ;  Miss 
Frances  Pickett.  Marion;  Miss  Susan  Lan- 
caster, Jacksonville;  and  Mrs.  Corrine  Con- 
ning, Mobile. 

(The  8th  annual  meeting  of  the  association 
was  held  in  the  city  of  Tuscaloosa  and  at  the 
State  University,  Nov.  21,  22  and  23,  1911. 
A  strong  and  varied  program  was  presented. 
The  annual  address  was  delivered  by  Dr. 
Arthur  E.  Bostwick  on  "The  companionship 
of  books."  The  officers  elected  at  that*  time 
were  the  same  as  those  included  in  the  list 
above  given  for  1912-13.  This  memorandum 


is  made,  since  no   formal  report  of  the  8th 
meeting  appeared  in  the  JOURNAL.) 

GERTRUDE  RYAN,  Secy. 

COLORADO   LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Colorado  Li- 
brary Association  was  held  at  the  Public 
Library,  Denver,  on  Tuesday  and  Wednesday, 
November  26  and  27.  The  meetings  were 
well  attended,  and  the  interest  shown  was 
encouraging. 

The  meeting  on  Tuesday  evening  was  open- 
ed by  an  address  of  welcome  by  Miss  Anne 
Evans,  president  of  the  Library  Commission 
of  Denver.  Mr.  Manly  D.  Ormes,  of  Colo- 
rado College,  Colorado  Springs,  gave  an  ad- 
dress on  the  "Functions  of  the  librarian,"  in 
which  he  held  for  the  highest  standards  of 
literature  and  intellect,  rather  than  mere 
technical  training  and  experience. 

Fred  B.  R.  Hellems,  Ph.D.,  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Colorado,  delivered  a  lecture  on  "Alice 
and  education."  This  was  a  particularly 
clever,  interesting  and  amusing  study  of 
"Alice's  adventures  in  Wonderland,"  treated 
as  an  allegory  on  educational  methods.  It 
is  one  of  a  series  of  three  papers  that  are 
to  appear  later  in  the  Atlantic  Monthly.  The 
program  was  varied  by  vocal  and  instrumental 
music,  and  followed  by  an  enjoyable  recep- 
tion. 

On  Wednesday  morning,  Miss  Doris 
Greene,  of  the  McClelland  Public  Library, 
Pueblo,  read  a  paper  on  "Library  publicity," 
describing  a  number  of  plans  and  devices 
adopted  by  different  libraries.  Her  paper 
was  freely  discussed. 

Miss  Rebecca  Day,  of  the  Longmont  Public 
Library,  had  a  paper  on  "A  method  of  binding 
for  a  small  library."  She  described  and  illus- 
trated a  very  simple  and  effective  method. 
It  is  a  variation  of  the  double-gummed  and 
stitched  cloth  method  of  replacing  books  in 
the  original  covers,  with  the  addition  of  a 
simple  method  of  sewing  and  the  necessary 
apparatus  for  the  operation. 

Miss  Janet  Jerome,  of  the  Denver  Public 
Library,  read  a  very  interesting  paper  on 
"Modern  illustrators,"  in  which  she  ably  criti- 
cised and  appreciated  a  number  of  the  more 
prominent  artists. 

A  noon-day  luncheon  was  thoroughly  en- 
joyed by  about  forty  librarians  at  the  Savoy 
Hotel. 

On  Wednesday  afternoon,  Miss  Helen  F. 
Ingersoll,  of  the  Denver  Public  Library,  read 
a  paper  on  "Free  reference  material  for  the 
small  library."  Her  talk  was  generously  illus- 
trated by  samples  and  was  rich  in  valuable 
suggestions.  The  business  meeting  followed. 
The  president  and  the  secretary  submitted 
brief  statements  of  the  progress  and  condi- 
tion of  the  association.  Mr.  Albert  F.  Carter 
made  a  statement  of  the  work  of  the  legisla- 
tive committee,  and  Mr.  Chalmers  Hadley 
read  a  report  of  an  investigation  of  library 


January,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY   JOURNAL 


37 


conditions  in  the  state,  which  showed  a  great 
lack  of  uniformity  in  conditions  and  in  sta- 
tistics available  for  comparison. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  for  the 
ensuing  year:  President,  Manly  D.  Ormes, 
Coburn  Library,  Colorado  College,  Colorado 
Springs;  vice-president,  Elizabeth  McNeal, 
University  of  Denver  Library,  University 
Park,  Denver ;  secretary-treasurer,  Faith  E. 
Foster,  University  of  Colorado  Library,  Boul- 
der. Members  of  the  Executive  Committee: 
Chalmers  Hadley,  Public  Library,  Denver; 
Albert  F.  Carter,  State  Teachers'  College, 
Greeley. 

HERBERT  E.  RICHIE,  ex-Secy. 

DISTRICT  OF   COLUMBIA   LIBRARY  ASSOCIA- 
TION 

The  November  meeting  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  Library  Association  was  held  at  the 
Public  Library  of  the  District  on  Wednesday 
evening,  November  13.  Mr.  Juul  Dieserud, 
of  the  catalog  department  of  the  Library  of 
Congress,  read  a  paper  on  "Glimpses  of  liter- 
ary characters,  and  tendencies  in  Norway 
since  Ibsen  and  Bjornson."  In  his  very  in- 
teresting review,  Mr.  Dieserud  characterized 
briefly,  but  clearly,  the  most  prominent  writ- 
ers, and  gave  a  translation  of  some  typical 
verse,  which  not  only  showed  the  beauty  and 
the  spirit  of  the  original,  but  proved  that  the 
translator  himself  had  in  him  much  poetic 
spirit. 

The  association's  annual  meeting  was  held 
at  the  Public  Library,  December  n.  Officers 
for  the  coming  year  were  elected  as  follows: 
President,  Mr.  Paul  Brockett;  first  vice-presi- 
dent, Mr.  Willard  L.  Waters;  second  vice- 
president,  Miss  Eunice  R.  Oberly;  secretary, 
Mr.  C.  S.  Thompson  ;  treasurer,  Miss  Emily  A. 
Spilman.  Executive  committee:  Mr.  Ernest 
Bruncken,  Miss  Clara  W.  Herbert,  Miss  Anne 
G.  Cross.  After  the  election  of  officers,  Mr. 
Brockett  read  a  paper  on  "The  graphic  arts," 
describing  the  evolution  of  printing  and  book 
illustration.  The  paper  was  illustrated  with 
lantern  slides. 

INDIANA  LIBRARY  TRUSTEES'  ASSOCIATION 
The  4th  annual  meeting  of  the  Indiana 
Library  Trustees'  Association  convened  in 
Indianapolis,  in  the  Claypool  Hotel,  Nov.  12, 
1912.  The  first  session  was  devoted  to  a 
discussion  of  advantages  of  codification  of 
library  laws  and  the  leading  of  a  tentative 
draft  of  a  new  general  library  bill  which  is 
to  be  presented  to  the  next  general  assembly. 
The  discussion  was  led  by  Hon.  Thomas  M. 
Honan,  Attorney-General,  who  stated  that  he 
was  surprised  at  the  multiplicity  of  library 
laws  in  Indiana,  and  emphasized  the  fact  that 
it  behooved  every  library  trustee  to  work  for 
their  codification.  In  the  discussion,  Hon. 
Millard  F.  Cox,  of  the  State  Board  of  Ac- 
counts, pointed  out  that  in  addition  to  laws 
governing  state  and  school  libraries,  there  are 
more  than  20  enactments  regarding  public 


libraries.  The  laws  are  not  very  definite  re- 
garding library  funds,  for  numerous  inquiries 
had  come  to  the  State  Board  of  Accounts 
regarding  the  disposition  of  fines  and  gift 
money.  He  advised  that  it  should  be  pro- 
vided in  the  new  bill  that  every  cent  of 
money  coming  to  the  library  from  whatever 
source  should  be  paid  into  the  library  treasury 
and  be  disbursed  as  other  library  funds. 

The  tentative  draft  of  the  proposed  bill 
was  read  by  Mr.  T.  F.  Rose,  of  Muncie, 
chairman  of  the  legislative  committee.  This 
bill  codifies  all  the  library  laws  of  the  state, 
and  makes  it  mandatory  for  all  the  public 
libraries  of  the  state  to  operate  under  the 
same  general  law.  In  the  discussion  which 
followed,  led  by  Mr.  L.  E.  Kelley,  of  Mont- 
pelier  and  Mr.  W.  A.  Myers,  of  Hartford 
City,  valuable  suggestions  were  given  by 
members  of  various  library  boards  in  regard 
to  the  measure  of  the  bill.  It  was  recom- 
mended that  a  second  draft  of  the  bill  be 
made  and  sent  to  each  library  board  of  the 
state  for  criticism  before  the  bill  is  presented 
to  the  legislature.  A  motion  was  made  and 
carried  that  Carl  H.  Milam,  John  Lapp,  Jacob 
P.  Dunn  and  Millard  F.  Cox  be  added  to  the 
legislative  committee. 

At  the  evening  session,  the  address  of  wel- 
come was  made  by  Jacob  P.  Dunn,  president 
of  the  Indiana  Public  Library  Commission. 
This  was  followed  by  the  president's  address. 
Mrs.  Moffett  urged  the  library  board  mem- 
bers to  realize  the  importance  of  their  work, 
and  to  exercise  the  power  of  levying  funds, 
as  well  as  spending  them. 

The  report  of  the  committee  on  "By-laws 
for  library  boards"  was  given  by  Mrs.  W.  R. 
Davidson,  of  Evansville,  who  read  the  sug- 
gestive by-laws,  as  arranged  by  the  Public 
Library  Commission.  This  was  followed  by 
a  general  discussion.  Mr.  C.  G.  Dailey,  of 
Bluffton,  spoke  of  the  work  of  the  book  com- 
mittee. He  said  four  important  questions  pre- 
sented themselves,  viz.,  who  should  select 
the  books,  what  kind  of  books  should  be 
bought,  when  should  they  be  bought,  and 
what  books  should  be  bought  for  children. 
The  members  of  the  book  committee  should 
be  varied,  should  have  an  intimate  knowledge 
of  the  library,  should  have  knowledge  of  old 
and  new  literature,  and  the  aids  in  book  selec- 
tion, and,  most  of  all,  should  have  sympa- 
thetic touch  with  the  public. 

Dr.  E.  D.  Baily,  of  Martinsville,  took  the 
place  of  Rev.  G.  A.  Little  on  the  program 
and  spoke  on  the  "Election  of  officers."  "The 
librarian  at  board  meetings"  was  discussed 
by  Orville  Simmons,  of  Goshen.  A  round- 
table  discussion  ended  the  business  session, 
and  was  followed  by  a  social  hour. 

At  the  morning  meeting,  November  13,  the 
report  of  the  committee  on  qualifications  of 
librarians  and  assistants  was  read  by  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  C.  Earl,  and  discussed  by  Mrs.  Elva 
T.  Carter,  of  Plainfield  and  M.  J.  Simmons, 
of  Monticello,  and  adopted.  The  next  topic 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


for  discussion  was  "Hours  and  vacations," 
and  a  committee  of  three  was  appointed  to 
investigate  this  subject  and  to  report  the 
same,  with  recommendations,  at  the  next  an- 
nual meeting. 

The  main  topic  for  the  afternoon  session 
was  "Wider  use  of  the  library  assembly 
room."  The  main  address  was  given  by  Dr. 
Lida  Leasure,  of  Auburn,  who  made  several 
recommendations  for  enlarging  and  widening 
the  field  of  library  service  through  the  assem- 
bly room;  among  these  were  free  lectures  on 
live  topics,  moving-picture  shows,  public  en- 
tertainments given  by  school  children,  civic 
club  meetings  and  educational  exhibits.  The 
question  of  art  exhibits  was  very  ably  treated 
by  Mrs.  Melville  F.  Johnston,  chairman  of 
the  art  committee  of  the  National  Federation 
of  Woman's  Clubs.  Mrs.  Johnston  made  it 
very  clear  that  words  are  not  the  only  ex- 
pression of  ideas,  that  pictures  are  a  means 
of  expression  of  many  great  and  wonderful 
ideas  that  cannot  be  expressed  in  words. 
Many  practical  suggestions  for  the  hanging 
of  exhibits  were  given,  and  several  exhibits 
that  were  available  to  public  libraries  were 
mentioned.  She  urged  that  in  the  construc- 
tion of  assembly  rooms  more  attention  be 
paid  to  the  question  of  light  and  wall  space 
for  art  exhibits.  She  referred  to  three  books 
on  art  that  should  be  in  every  library.  They 
are  as  follow?.  Birge  Harrison's  "Landscape 
painting,"  Carleton  E.  Noyes'  "Enjoyment  of 
art,"  R.  A.  M.  Stevenson's  "Essay  on  Ve- 
lasques." 

Mrs.  John  Lee  Dinwiddie,  of  Fowler,  in 
discussing  the  assembly  room,  said  that  it 
should  serve  three  distinct  purposes:  First, 
it  should  be  a  center  for  all  organized  clubs 
and  societies  of  an  educational  nature ;  sec- 
ond, it  should  serve  as  a  drawing  card  to 
those  persons  who  are  interested  in  special 
line?  of  work,  but  are  not  using  the  library; 
third,  it  should  serve  as  an  advertisement  for 
the  library.  Mr.  Herman  Taylor,  of  Hunt- 
ington,  gave  a  brief  report  of  the  use  of  the 
assembly  room  at  Huntington,  speaking  espe- 
cially of  the  efforts  made  by  the  library  to 
interest  the  workingmen. 

The  following  officers  were  elected:  Presi- 
dent, Judge  Ora  L.  Wildermuth,  Gary;  vice- 
president,  Mrs.  W.  R.  Davidson,  Evansville; 
secretary,  Miss  Adah  E.  Bush,  Kentland; 
treasurer,  Dr.  E.  D.  Baily,  Martinsville. 

The  report  of  F.  L.  Cooper,  treasurer, 
showed  total  receipts  $45-55,  and  disburse- 
ments $34.62,  leaving  a  balance  of  $10.93  *n 
the  treasury. 

Forty-five  trustees  were  registered  and  in 
attendance,  a  considerable  increase  over 
former  years.  Many  libraries  throughout  the 
state  are  failing  to  keep  abreast  of  the  times 
when  they  do  not  send  representatives  to  the 
association  meetings.  No  trustee  can  attend 
these  sessions  without  deriving  much  inspira- 
tion, and  the  mutual  exchange  of  ideas  is 
helpful.  ADAH  E.  BUSH,  Secy. 


KEYSTONE  STATE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 
The  secretary  of  the  Association,  as  elected 
at  the  recent  meeting,  is  Mrs.  Jean  A.  Hard, 
of  Erie,   Pa.,  and  not  Miss  Pennypacker,  as 
stated  in  the  report  last  month. 

MAINE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 
The  i8th  annual  meeting  was  held,  Septem- 
ber 27,  in  the  State  House,  Augusta.  Among 
the  questions  discussed  at  the  round-table 
were:  "How  many  charge  a  fee  for  book 
cards?";  "Best  periodical  for  young  people 
relating  to  mechanics" ;  "Comparison  of  bind- 
ings";  "Best  magazines  for  women";  "Rela- 
tion of  the  public  schools  and  the  libraries"; 
"Recent  books";  "How  many  libraries  loan 
to  non-residents,  and  fees  charged?"  In  the 
afternoon,  a  lecture  was  delivered  by  State 
Librarian  H.  E.  Holmes  on  "The  civic  duties 
of  the  public  librarian." 

Officers  elected:  President,  J.  H.  Winches- 
ter, Corinna;  vice-presidents,  G.  C.  Wilder, 
Bowdoin  College,  Margaret  Foote,  Bath; 
secretary,  Mary  H.  Caswell,  Waterville ;  treas- 
urer, H.  Mabel  Leach,  Portland. 

RHODE  ISLAND  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

The  Rhode  Island  Library  Association  held 
its  fall  meeting  at  the  East  Providence  Free 
Library  on  November  n,  the  president,  Mr. 
Harold  T.  Dougherty,  presiding.  The  meet- 
ing was  opened  by  Mr.  Homer  Winslow, 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  East 
Providence  Free  Library,  who  gave  a  brief 
history  of  the  library  from  its  beginning,  in 
1819,  when,  as  an  embryo  traveling  library,  a 
small  trunk  full  of  books  was  passed  from 
house  to  house,  to  its  present  development  in  f 
the  Bridgham  Memorial  Library  building. 
During  the  business  session  which  followed, 
the  president  of  the  association  appointed 
Mrs.  Mary  E.  S.  Root,  Miss  Gertrude  Whitte- 
more,  Miss  A.  H.  Ward,  Miss  Luella  K.  Lea- 
vitt,  Miss  Grace  E.  Inman,  Mrs.  Roaldo  Col- 
well  and  Mr.  Joseph  L.  Peacock  to  serve  as 
a  committee  to  arrange  a  library  exhibition 
at  the  Rhode  Island  Child  Welfare  Confer- 
ence, which  is  to  be  held  at  Providence,  Jan. 
6-12,  1913. 

The  program  for  the  morning  had  especial 
reference  to  the  problems  of  small  libraries. 
Mr.  W.  E.  Foster,  of  the  Providence  Public 
Library,  gave  the  first  address  of  the  day, 
and  discussed  the  "Possibilities  of  aid  to  the 
smaller  by  the  larger  libraries,"  by  means 
of  interlibrary  book  loans  and  the  issuing  of 
non-resident  cards  through  the  home  library 
of  the  reader. 

One  of  the  possibilities  of  state  aid  to  small 
libraries  was  brought  home  by  the  announce- 
ment made  by  Mr.  Walter  E.  Ranger,  Com- 
missioner of  Public  Schools  in  Rhode  Island, 
that  courses  in  library  training,  beginning 
November  12,  are  to  be  given  during  the  win- 
ter at  the  Rhode  Island  State  Normal  School 
for  the  benefit  of  those  librarians  throughout 
the  state  who  have  not  had  the  advantage  of 
library  school  training. 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


39 


Two  methods  of  library  economy — "Short 
entry  cataloging"  and  the  "Printed  cards  of 
the  Library  of  Congress" — were  discussed 
from  the  point  of  view  of  the  "small  library" 
by  Miss  Florence  B.  Kimball,  cataloger  of  the 
Deborah  Cook  Sayles  Library,  of  Pawtucket, 
and  Miss  Laura  R.  Gibbs,  cataloger  of  the 
John  Hay  Library,  Brown  University,  time 
for  general  discussion  being  allowed  after 
each  paper. 

Mr.  George  H.  Evans,  of  the  Woburn 
(Mass.)  Public  Library,  who  was  a  guest  of 
the  association,  gave  a  practical  and  exceed- 
ingly suggestive  paper  on  "Experiments  in 
Library  Extension,"  reprinted  in  part  else- 
where. 

The  morning  session  was  brought  to  a  close 
by  a  series  of  brief  talks  by  members  of 
the  R.  I.  Library  Association  who  attended 
the  American  Library  Association  Conference 
at  Ottawa,  in  which  Mr.  Joseph  L.  Peacock, 
Miss  Grace  E.  Inman,  Mr.  Herbert  O.  Brig- 
ham  and  Miss  Marguerite  McL.  Reid  took 
part. 

After  luncheon,  Mr.  Herbert  W.  Fison,  of 
the  Maiden  (Mass.)  Public  Library,  also  a 
guest  of  the  association,  gave  a  graphic  ac- 
count of  the  meeting  of  the  Massachusetts 
Library  Club  at  Haverhill,  October  24.  Mr. 
Fison  spoke  particularly  of  the  need  of  de- 
veloping close  relations  between  the  library 
and  the  school,  since  the  library  can  reach  the 
children  best  through  the  school  teacher.  "In 
order  that  those  who  lead  the  children  may 
lead  intelligently,"  he  said,  "librarians  must  be 
school  teachers,  and  school  teachers  libra- 
rians." 

Apropos  of  the  recent  meeting  at  Haver- 
hill  at  which  various  members  of  the  R.  I. 
Library  Association  were  present,  the  Rev. 
James  D.  Dingwell,  formerly  of  Amesbury, 
Mass.,  in  an  illustrated  lecture,  gave  a  per- 
sonal sketch  of  "Whittier  and  Whittierland." 
At  the  close  of  the  lecture  a  vote  of  thanks 
was  offered  by  the  association  to  the  hosts  of 
the  day,  the  trustees  of  the  East  Providence 
Free  Library,  to  the  guests  and  speakers — 
Mr.  G.  H.  Evans  and  Mr.  H.  W.  Fison— and 
to  the  lecturer. 

MARGARET  BINGHAM  STILLWELL, 
Rec.  Secy. 

SOUTH   DAKOTA    LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION 

The  sixth  annual  meeting  of  the  South  Da- 
kota Library  Association  was  held  at  Mitchell, 
Nov.  25-27,  in  connection  with  the  S.  D.  E.  A. 

The  sessions  were  held  in  the  children's 
room  at  the  Carnegie  Library,  the  president, 
Miss  Edla  Lawson,  of  Mitchell,  in  the  chair. 
The  attendance  was  the  largest  in  the  history 
of  the  association,  nineteen  librarians  out  of  a 
possible  forty  being  present. 

The  first  paper  presented  was  entitled  "The 
organization  of  a  small  library,"  by  R.  B.  Mc- 
Candless,  of  Fulton,  who  told  of  his  successful 
experiment  in  founding  a  free  public  library  in 
Fulton,  a  village  of  only  200  people,  the  trad- 


ing place  of  a  farming  community.  Mr.  Mc- 
Candless  is  not  a  librarian,  but  a  banker,  and 
his  story  of  this  little  library,  his  difficulties, 
and  his  simple,  workable  methods  of  conduct- 
ing its  affairs  with  the  minimum  of  expense 
and  the  maximum  of  neighborhood  interest 
was  inspiring  to  all  present,  and  led  to  a  lively 
discussion.  The  books  are  kept  at  the  village 
school  house,  and  the  loaning  is  managed  by 
half  a  dozen  of  the  older  school  girls,  who 
take  turns.  More  than  half  the  borrowers 
live  in  the  country,  and  of  the  400  volumes 
available,  sometimes  200  were  out  at  once  dur- 
ing the  winter  months. 

A  round  table  discussion  was  capably  led  by 
Prof.  Hicks,  librarian  at  Dakota  Wesleyan 
University,  covering  the  following  topics: 
Public  documents,  by  Miss  Mclntire  of  Huron 
College  Library,  read  by  Miss  Miner,  of  the 
Yankton  College  Library;  Cooperation  of  the 
library  and  the  school,  by  Miss  Caile,  assist- 
ant in  the  Sioux  Falls  Public  Library,  read 
by  Miss  Current,  chief  librarian  of  that  in- 
stitution; Library  records  and  time-savers, 
by  Miss  Rowe,  of  the  Spearfish  Normal  Li- 
brary, read  by  Miss  Miner;  and  Advertising 
the  library,  by  Mrs.  Coshun,  of  Huron  Car- 
negie Library.  All  the  papers  contained  help- 
ful suggestions  and  aroused  interesting  dis- 
cussion. 

Tuesday  morning  was  devoted  to  reports  on 
the  working  of  library  commissions  in  various 
states,  leading  to  the  discussion  of  the  commis- 
sion bill  we  are  hoping  our  legislature  will 
pass  at  its  next  session. 

Our  proposed  bill  was  taken  up  and  amended 
in  several  important  particulars,  notably  the 
increasing  of  the  commission  from  three  to 
five  members,  one  of  whom  should  be  nom- 
inated by  the  state  Library  Association,  and 
one  by  the  state  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs, 
increasing  the  appropriation  from  $1500  to 
$3000,  and  taking  over  some  of  the  work  now 
assigned  to  the  state  superintendent  of  public 
instruction  in  regard  to  the  selection  of  books 
for  school  libraries. 

Wednesday's  session  began  with  an  eight 
o'clock  breakfast,  served  by  the  W.  R.  C. 
ladies  in  their  rooms  in  the  basement  of  the 
Carnegie  Library,  at  which  Mr.  Henry  E.  Leg- 
ler,  president  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  was  the  guest 
of  honor.  After  this  pleasant  start,  the  libra- 
rians settled  to  the  business  of  the  morning  at 
the  regular  hour.  The  reports  of  the  secre- 
tary and  treasurer  were  read  and  approved; 
bills  were  allowed;  the  old  officers  were  re- 
elected  by  acclamation;  further  modifications 
were  made  in  the  library  commission  bill. 

Mr.  Powers,  of  the  state  Agricultural  Col- 
lege Library,  then  gave  as  much  as  time  al- 
lowed of  his  paper  on  South  Dakota  library 
progress  statistics,  not  at  all  a  dry  subject 
under  his  handling.  The  figures  will  shortly 
appear  in  printed  form. 

Miss  Richardson,  of  the  state  university  li- 
brary at  Vermillion,  gave  a  delightful  descrip- 
tion of  the  Ottawa  conference  of  last  summer. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


Mr.  Legler's  address  on  "The  state's  duty  to 
the  public  library"  was  very  helpful  to  us  just 
at  this  time,  and  he  kindly  answered  numerous 
questions. 

An  encouraging  report  was  received  from 
Mrs.  A.  Hardy,  of  Pierre,  chairman  of  the 
Library  extension  committee  of  the  State  Fed- 
eration of  Women's  Clubs.  She  has  organized 
two  little  libraries  west  of  the  Missouri,  one  at 
Dupree,  one  at  White  River.  Two  papers  writ- 
ten by  her  for  state  gatherings  have  been  pub- 
lished, and  through  the  Federation's  official 
journal  have  reached  every  club  in  the  state. 
Their  titles  are  "Traveling  libraries"  and 
"Books  of  South  Dakota."  A  printed  bulletin 
had  also  reached  all  the  clubs,  and  about  300 
volumes  have  been  collected  for  traveling  libra- 
ries. Mrs.  Hardy  is  now  a  member  of  the 
national  library  board  of  the  General  Federa- 
tion of  Women's  Qubs. 

The  librarians  accepted  an  invitation  to  meet 
in  Sioux  Falls  in  1913,  and  adjourned. 

At  the  general  session  of  the  state  Educa- 
tional Association  in  the  afternoon,  Mr.  Legler 
gave  his  address  on  "The  library  as  a  factor  in 
education  and  in  citizenship" ;  and  in  the  even- 
ing he  was  the  guest  of  honor,  with  President 
Vincent  of  the  University  of  Minnesota,  at  a 
banquest  given  by  the  women's  clubs  of 
Mitchell  to  the  visiting  librarians.  At  this 
time  Mr.  Legler  spoke  on  "Club  women  and 
libraries,"  thus  closing  a  most  strenuous  day. 
The  South  Dakota  librarians  are  very  grateful 
to  Mr.  Legler  for  his  presence  and  help,  and 
trust  that  it  is  not  often  that  his  official  posi- 
tion forces  him  to  do  so  much  in  one  day. 
MAUD  RUSSELL  CARTER,  Secy. 

LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION    OF    VIRGINIA 

The  regular  annual  meeting  of  the  Library 
Association  of  Virginia  was  held  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Virginia  Educational  Conference 
on  the  evening  of  Nov.  27, 1912,  at  8.30  o'clock, 
in  the  State  Library,  Richmond. 

Dr.  J.  C.  Metcalf,  president,  presided  and 
read  his  annual  address.  He  declared  that 
the  association  has  accomplished  much  in  its 
history,  but  it  must  set  itself  to  accomplish 
its  most  important  piece  of  work  in  the  near 
future,  viz.,  the  securing  of  a  library  organ- 
izer to  establish  free  public  libraries  through- 
out the  state.  Plans,  which  will  be  perfected 
and  announced  later,  were  made  whereby  all 
the  different  civic  and  educational  organiza- 
tions of  the  state  may  use  their  influence  and 
financial  aid  toward  the  securing  of  this  or- 
ganizer. The  extension  work,  which  had  been 
begun  by  the  traveling  libraries  and  by  the 
Department  of  Public  Instruction,  whereby 
many  permanent  school  libraries  were  estab- 
lished, would  thus  be  carried  on. 

The  president  appointed  Mrs.  Kate  Plea- 
sants  Minor  and  Miss  E.  B.  Martin  a  com- 
mittee to  get  the  Richmond  Times  Dispath 
to  devote  a  page  to  library  interests  in  the 
stale.  He  also  appointed  Mrs.  K.  P.  Minor, 


Mr.  T.  S.  Settle,  Prof.  W.  A.  Montgomery 
and  Mr.  G.  Carrington  Moseley,  together  with 
himself,  a  committee  to  confer  with  the  Co- 
operative Education  Association  of  Virginia 
in  regard  to  their  willingness  to  help  in  ar- 
ranging for  a  library  organizer  to  go  to  work 
at  once  in  the  state. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  for  the 
ensuing  year  :  Dr.  J.  C.  Metcalf,  of  Richmond 
College,  president;  Mrs.  W.  W.  King,  Staun- 
ton,  Va.,  vice-president;  George  Carrington 
Moseley,  Richmond,  secretary  ;  and  Miss  Ethel 
I.  Nolin,  Richmond,  treasurer. 

GEORGE  CARRINGTON  MOSELEY,  Secy. 


Clubs 


CHICAGO   LIBRARY   CLUB 

The  Chicago  Library  Club  enjoyed  the  de- 
lightful hospitality  of  the  Newberry  Library 
at  its  regular  meeting,  Thursday  evening, 
December  12.  It  was  a  happy  coincidence, 
recalled  by  Mr.  Roden  and  Miss  Mcllvaine, 
that  this  date  was  the  twenty-first  anniversary 
of  the  club,  organized  in  the  old  Newberry 
Library.  The  club  had  the  unexpected  honor 
and  pleasure  of  hearing  Mr.  Edward  E.  Ayer 
tell  the  story  of  how  he  came  to  start  his 
remarkable  Indian  and  Philippine  collection, 
and  later  examine  it  under  his  guidance. 

The  program  was  in  charge  of  Mr.  Roden, 
and  took  the  form  of  a  book  symposium, 
which  covered  a  varied  list  of  the  more  not- 
able books  of  the  year:  "Meredith's  letters," 
Mary  Antin's  "Promised  land,"  "House  of 
Harper,"  "George  Palmer  Putnam,"  Curry's 
"History  of  Chicago,  and  Fort  Dearborn 
Massacre,"  and  Paine's  "Life  of  Mark  Twain," 
which  were  cleverly  reviewed  (with  some  in- 
teresting digressions)  by  Mr.  Carlton,  Miss 
Althea  Warren,  Miss  Mcllvaine,  Mr.  Man- 
chester and  Mr.  Bay.  Mr.  Bay  presented 
the  members  with  copies  of  the  latest  and 
most  characteristic  pictures  of  the  subject  of 
his  talk—  Mark  Twain. 

The  club  adjourned,  to  meet  informally  Mr. 
Ayer  and  Mr.  Burpee,  of  Ottawa,  to  view  the 
special  collections  and  for  a  social  hour. 

Six  new  members  were  added,  and  the  at- 
tendance was  much  larger  than  is  customary 
for  a  December  meeting. 

JESSIE  M.  WOODFORD,  Sec.  pro   tern. 

HUDSON    VALLEY    LIBRARY    CLUB 
A  meeting  of  the  Hudson  Valley  Library 
Club  was  held  on  Nov.  15,  1912,  at  the  Young 
Men's  Lyceum,  Tarrytown,  N.  Y. 

The  opening  address  was  to  have  been  made 
by  Miss  Theresa  Hitchler,  president  of  the 
New  York  Library  Association.  She  was  un- 
able to  be  present,  and  the  morning  address 
was  made  by  Mr.  W.  F.  Stevens,  librarian  of 
Pratt  Institute  Library.  Mr.  Stevens  took  for 
his  subject  the  "Library  Movement  of  to-day; 
cooperation  of  the  large  with  the  small  li- 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


brary;  the  profession  of  librarian."  Libra- 
rians are  public  servants,  in  the  higher  sense. 
In  the  past,  not  recognized  as  a  profession. 
For  many  years  people  drifted  into  it.  Now 
a  vocation  and  a  calling,  for  personal  qualifi- 
cations or  personal  interest.  More  and  more, 
an  act  of  responding  to  the  call  of  public 
service.  Four  or  five  chief  manifestations: 
(i)  Librarian  for  years  a  collector,  curator 
or  caretaker  and  administrator  of  books. 
From  this  period  have  grown  vast  national  li- 
braries, monuments  of  eminent  men.  (2)  In 
1876  a  new  manifestation  added  distribution 
of  books  to  the  former  office  of  custodian, 
and  for  35  years  this  was  the  great  feature 
of  the  work,  and  the  most  hopeful  of  the 
nineteenth  century.  (3)  The  library  schools. 
(4)  Spring  of  1912,  no  normal  course  in  li- 
brary work.  Now  a  course  to  teach  library 
methods  to  normal  students.  (5)  Teach  peo- 
ple use  of  libraries,  how  to  go  to  the  library 
and  help  themselves.  Supplement  high  school 
course  by  use  of  the  library.  Mr.  Stevens 
spoke  of  the  part  played  by  the  librarian  of 
the  small  library,  the  personal  contact  with 
fellow  men  and  women,  the  opportunity  to 
know  and  influence  people;  urged  such  not 
to  be  discouraged  if  they  had  not  been  to  a 
library  school  and  held  no  degree,  but  urged 
technical  training  for  expansion.  He  asked 
such  librarians  not  to  leave  the  library  move- 
ment to  the  A.  L.  A.  It  was  the  work  of 
the  individual  citizen.  In  the  profession  no 
fame,  no  distinction — all  on  the  same  plane. 
Work  so  tremendous,  no  man  or  woman  too 
fine,  too  well  fitted. 

Mr.  Magill,  the  president,  thanked  Mr.  Ste- 
vens, in  the  name  of  the  club,  for  his  in- 
spiring, helpful  talk.  Miss  Blodgett,  the  vice- 
president,  gave  a  short  talk  on  the  work  of 
the  small  library. 

The  afternoon  session  was  given  over  to  a 
demonstration  of  book  mending  by  Miss  Jane 
Helena  Crissey,  of  Troy  Public  Library,  which 
made  the  former  task  of  book  mending  almost 
a  pleasure,  and  inspired  everybody  present 
with  a  desire  to  "go  and  do  likewise." 

Librarians  from  the  following  libraries  at- 
tended: Poughkeepsie,  Peekskill,  Pleasant- 
ville,  Troy,  Saugherties,  Newburgh,  Yonkers, 
White  Plains,  Tarrytown,  Pleasant  Valley. 

OLD   COLONY   LIBRARY   CLUB 

The  fall  meeting  of  the  Old  Colony  Library 
Club  was  held  in  Middleboro,  Mass.,  on 
Thursday,  November  21.  Mr.  W.  H.  South- 
worth,  in  his  address  of  welcome;  gave  a 
short  history  of  the  Middleboro  Library.  Miss 
Mary  L.  Lamprey,  of  North  Easton,  read  a 
paper  on  some  recent  books  of  importance, 
noting  especially  those  on  social  hygiene.  Miss 
Clara  A.  Brett,  of  the  Brockton  Public  Li- 
brary, was  in  charge  of  the  question  box. 
Mr.  John  Grant  Moulton's  paper,  "The  public 
library,  as  related  to  other  educational  and 
social  work,"  occupied  the  afternoon  session. 


Mr.  Moulton  considered  that  the  library  should 
be  active  along  the  lines  of  recreation,  educa- 
tion and  social  service. 

NELLIE  THOMAS,  Secy. 

ROCHESTER  DISTRICT  LIBRARY  CLUB 

On  Friday,  November  i,a  meeting  was  held 
at  the  Rochester  Public  Library,  Exposition 
Park,  to  organize  a  library  club.  Invitations 
had  been  sent  to  librarians,  library  trustees 
and  those  interested  in  libraries,  not  only  in 
the  city  itself,  but  in  the  surrounding  towns. 
It  is  the  object  of  the  club  to  include  all 
libraries  in  what  is  known  as  the  "Rochester 
district"  of  the  New  York  State  Library  In- 
stitutes. 

There  was  a  gratifyingly  large  attendance, 
and  it  was  felt  that  the  enterprise  was 
launched  with  an  enthusiasm  sure  to  accom- 
plish the  desired  results:  to  bring  the  libra- 
rians of  the  district  into  closer  relations  with 
one  another,  and  to  enable  them  to  become 
better  acquainted  with  the  resources  of  the 
libraries  comprised  within  the  district.  The 
long-wished-for  Public  Library  furnished  the 
incentive  necessary  to  start  the  movement. 

After  the  nomination  of  a  temporary  chair- 
man and  a  temporary  secretary,  two  commit- 
tees were  appointed  by  the  chairman,  Mr.  W. 
F.  Yust,  of  the  Public  Library;  one  to  report 
on  a  constitution  for  the  club,  the  other  to 
present  nominations  for  its  officers. 

The  program  for  the  evening  consisted  of 
a  brief  outline  of  the  history  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
by  Miss  Lois  Reed,  of  the  University  of 
Rochester;  an  account  of  the  Ottawa  meet- 
ing by  Miss  Zachert,  of  the  Public  Library; 
a  sketch  of  the  work  of  the  N.  Y.  Library 
Association  by  Miss  Margaret  Weaver,  of  the 
West  High  School;  and  a  resume  of  some  of 
the  topics  discussed  at  the  recent  New  York 
meeting  at  Niagara  by  Miss  Eleanor  Gleason, 
of  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  thus  bringing  the 
work  of  the  national  and  state  societies  be- 
fore the  club  for  its  inspiration  at  the  start. 
Mr.  Yust,  who  had  attended  the  dedication 
of  the  Education  Building  at  Albany,  gave  a 
description  of  the  ceremonies  and  some  facts 
regarding  the  history  of  the  Department  of 
Education  and  the  Board  of  Regents. 

The  report  of  the  committee  on  the  consti- 
tution was  then  read  by  Miss  Reed:  the  club 
to  be  called  Rochester  District  Library  Club. 
Officers:  president,  vice-president  and  secre- 
tary-treasurer. Five  meetings  during  the  year, 
subject  to  the  call  of  the  executive  committee. 
Dues,  50  cents.  After  some  discussion,  the 
constitution  was  adopted.  The  nominating 
committee's  report:  President,  William  F. 
Yust,  Rochester  Public  Library;  vice-presi- 
dent, Anne  Collins,  Reynolds  Library;  secre- 
tary-treasurer, Ethel  F.  Sayre,  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary,  was,  at  the  wish  of  the 
meeting,  adopted  by  one  ballot,  cast  by  the 
temporary  secretary. 

Plans  for  some  definite  line  of  work  were 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


then  discussed.  Two  were  decided  upon:  to 
compile  a  union  list  of  the  periodicals  in  the 
various  libraries  in  the  city,  both  complete 
and  partial  sets  to  be  included.  The  Reynolds, 
University  and  Theological  Seminary  already 
have  a  list  which  may  be  used  as  a  basis  for 
the  larger  work.  It  was  also  voted  to  com- 
pile a  list  of  valuable  works  of  reference  and 
useful  sets  contained  in  the  different  libraries 
of  the  city.  Committees  have  been  appointed 
to  form  plans  for  carrying  on  this  work  and 
to  report  at  the  next  meeting. 

After  the  adjournment,  an  opportunity  was 
offered  to  inspect  the  quarters  of  the  recently 
opened  Exposition  Park  Branch  and  the  Mu- 
nicipal Museum,  which  is  also  established  in 
the  building. 

ETHEL  F.  SAYRE,  Secy.-Treas. 

The  second  meeting  of  the  Rochester  Dis- 
trict Library  Club  was  held  at  the  Reynolds 
Library,  December  6.  There  were  33  present. 

On  behalf  of  the  secretary,  the  following 
suggestions  as  to  dates  and  places  for  future 
meetings  were  read:  January  10,  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary  Library;  February  21, 
University  of  Rochester  Library;  March  21, 
Mechanics'  Institute  Library.  The  outline  was 
adopted  as  read  for  the  first  meeting,  and 
tentatively  as  far  as  the  others  were  con- 
cerned. 

It  was  suggested  that  the  committees  ap- 
pointed for  preparing  a  union  list  of  period- 
icals and  a  list  of  special  collections  and  im- 
portant sets  make  a  partial  report  to  the  club. 
Some  progress  has  been  made,  as  shown  by 
Miss  Gleason's  report  for  the  committee  on 
special  collections.  There  was  an  informal 
discussion  as  to  the  scope  of  the  work  and 
the  form  in  which  the  entries  were  to  be 
made.  It  was  recommended  that  the  com- 
mittee issue  specific  instructions,  and  that  the 
individual  lists  be  turned  over  to  it  for  re- 
vision. 

The  evening's  program  was  a  very  interest- 
ing talk  on  "The  organization  and  history  of 
the  Reynolds  Library,"  by  Dr.  Max  Lands- 
berg,  president  of  the  Reynolds  Library  board 
of  trustees. 

After  adjourning,  the  club  had  an  oppor- 
tunity to  inspect  the  library. 

GLADYS  LOVE,  Secy,  pro.  tern. 
SYRACUSE  LIBRARY  CLUB 

The  first  meeting  of  the  club  for  the  winter 
of  1912-13  was  held  at  the  Public  Library, 
Nov.  15,  1912.  The  president,  Mr.  Cheney, 
gave  an  address  in  which  he  stated  the  object 
of  the  club,  and  outlined  the  plans  for  the 
year,  as  arranged  by  the  executive  commit- 
tee. There  are  to  be  four  meetings,  to  occur 
on  the  1 5th  of  alternate  months,  beginning 
with  the  November  meeting.  In  addition,  the 
club  is  to  study  the  possibilities  for  library 
cooperation  among  the  libraries  of  Syracuse, 
and  the  president  will  appoint  a  committee  to 


begin  the  investigation.  A  review  of  library 
meetings  of  1912  by  different  members  of  the 
club  was  given  by  Mr.  Paul  Paine,  who  spoke 
on  "The  dedication  of  the  New  York  State 
Education  building  and  library  program"; 
Mrs.  Kellogg,  on  "The  New  York  State  Asso- 
ciation meeting  at  Niagara  Falls"  ;  Miss  Edith 
Clarke,  on  "The  program  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
meeting  at  Ottawa"  ;  and  Mrs.  Mary  J.  Sibley, 
on  "The  social  features  of  the  Ottawa  meet- 
ing." 

On  account  of  an  unusually  stormy  evening, 
the  attendance  was  small,  but  all  those  present 
felt  that  it  was  an  interesting  meeting. 

ELIZABETH  SMITH,  Secy. 


Sdboois  anfc  Tlrafnins 
Classes 


NEW   YORK  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  —  LIBRARY 
SCHOOL 

The  first  term  came  to  an  end  on  the  2Oth 
of  December.  During  December,  lectures  not 
already  reported  were  as  follows: 

For  the  Juniors.— Dr.  C.  C.  Williamson,  on 
the  "Literature  of  political  science";  Dr.  H. 
M.  Leipziger,  on  "Public  school  extension" ; 
Annie  C.  Moore,  on  "Christmas  bookbuying." 

For  the  Seniors.— Gardner  M.  Jones,  on 
"Town  library  finances"  (2)*;  Frances  Rath- 
bone  Coe,  on  "Publicity  methods  fb'r  libra- 
ries" (2)  ;  Elizabeth  D.  Renniger,  on  "Publicity 
methods  for  libraries"  (2)  ;  Freeman  F.  Burr, 
on  "Literature  of  ornithology"  (i),  "Litera- 
ture of  chemisty"  (i),  "Literature 4of  biology" 
(i),  "Literature  of  physics"  (i);  Susan  A. 
Hutchinson,  on  the  "Literature  of  fine  arts" 
(i)  ;  Harriott  E.  Hessler,  Christmas  story 
telling,  with  illustrations  (3)  ;  Agnes  L.  Cow- 
ing, "Making  a  Christmas  book  exhibit"  (2)  ; 
Annie  C.  Moore,  "The  Christmas  book  exhibit" 
(3),  "Illustrators  of  children's  books"  (3). 

Work  on  picture  bulletins,  under  Miss 
Tyler,  has  been  continued  through  the  month 
by  the  students  in  the  children's  librarians' 
course. 

The  seniors  in  advanced  reference  and  cata- 
loging had  the  pleasure  of  a  morning  in  the 
library  of  J.  Pierpont  Morgan,  on  November 
13,  Miss  Plummer  and  Miss  Tracey  accom- 
panying the  party.  The  seniors  in  the  course 
for  children's  librarians  on  the  same  date 
visited  the  office  of  Mr.  C.  G.  Leland,  of 
the  Board  of  Education,  to  learn  the  methods 
employed  in  administering  the  grade-school 
libraries  of  the  city.  Both  the  students  of 
administration  and  the  children's  librarians 
made  visits  to  the  leading  book  stores  and 
book  departments  of  the  department  stores  to 
see  the  Christmas  display  of  books,  report- 
ing the  same  to  the  principal  and  Miss  Moore. 

*  (i)  Advanced    reference    and  cataloging. 

(2)  Administration. 

(3)  Children's    librarians. 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


43 


The  Thanksgiving  recess,  from  November 
28  to  December  2,  was  signalized  by  a  butter- 
fly party  given  to  those  students  who  re- 
mained in  town  by  Misses  Van  Valkenburg 
and  Sutliff.  On  December  18,  the  principal 
entertained  the  faculty  and  both  classes  at  a 
Christmas  kaffee  klatsch. 

The  juniors  formed  their  class  organization 
in  November,  electing  the  following  officers: 
Marian  P.  Greene,  New  York,  president ;  Fos- 
ter W.  Stearns,  Amherst,  Mass.,  vice-presi- 
dent; Gladys  Young,  Cedar  Rapids,  la.,  treas- 
urer and  secretary. 

Mr.  Gpodell,  of  the  juniors,  is  engaged  in 
putting  in  shape  a  list  of  material  for  the 
Metropolitan  Museum;  and  Miss  Newberry, 
of  the  seniors,  is  making  a  bibliography  of 
the  material  in  the  library  on  Joan  of  Arc  at 
the  request  of  a  New  York  firm.  Miss  Brain- 
erd,  of  the  juniors,  a  partial  student,  has  been 
appointed  librarian  of  the  New  Rochelle  Pub- 
lic Library,  but  will  continue  her  work  in  the 
school. 

The  school  had  the  pleasure  of  welcoming 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Hjelmqvist,  of  Sweden,  at  its 
Hallowe'en  party  and  at  various  school  ex- 
ercises during  their  stay  in  New  York.  Miss 
Downey,  lately  of  the  Ohio  Library  Commis- 
sion, also  spent  a  day  or  two  at  the  school, 
and  Miss  Ball,  of  the  Grand  Rapids  High 
School  Library.  One  of  the  pleasantest  ad- 
vantages accruing  to  the  school  from  its  loca- 
tion is  the  frequent  opportunities  of  greeting 
librarians  passing  through  or  stopping  a  short 
time  in  the  city. 

MARY  W.  PLUMMER,  Principal. 

NEW    YORK   STATE    LIBRARY    SCHOOL 

The  following  lectures  by  visiting  lecturers 
have  been  given : 
Oct.  14-15.  H.  E.  Legler.    Two  lectures  on  the 

Chicago  Public  Library  and  its  work. 
Nov.  6.  G.   B.   Utley,  The  American  Library 

Association. 

Dec.  4-5.  Prof.  Lucy  M.  Salmon,  Vassar  Col- 
lege, The  college  library  from  the  faculty 
point  of  view,  and  Historical  books  for  pub- 
lic libraries. 

Dec.  9-10.  Sarah  B.  Askew,  organizer,  N.  J. 
Public  Library  Commission,  The  point  of 
contact,  and  The  work  of  a  library  organ- 
izer. 

A  very  attractive  tea  service  has  been  given 
to  the  school  by  the  classes  of  1910  and  1912, 
the  former  contributing  $40  and  the  latter  $30. 
The  things  still  lacking  to  make  it  quite  com- 
plete will  probably  be  supplied,  at  least  in  part, 
by  other  class  donations. 

The  list  of  professional  articles  and  separate 
publications  during  1912  by  former  students 
of  the  school  includes  a  large  number  of  items. 
Nearly  forty  leading  articles  are  included  in 
the  Proceedings  of  the  A.  L.  A.  Conference 
at  Ottawa,  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  Public  Li- 
braries, New  York  Libraries,  Special  Libraries, 
and  the  Bulletin  of  the  Wisconsin  Library 
Commission.  The  Norwegian  library  journal, 


For  Folke  og  Barneboksamlinger,  in  the  first 
three  issues  for  the  year  contains  four  articles 
by  Miss  Martha  Larsen,  Mr.  Victor  Smith  and 
Mr.  Kildal,  and  a  translated  extract  from  E.  L. 
Pearson's  "Library  and  the  librarian." 

An  incomplete  list  of  separate  publications 
follows:  Elva  L.  Bascom  ('01),  compiler, 
"Supplement  to  the  A.  L.  A.  catalog,  1904-11"; 
W.  R.  Eastman  ('92),  "The  library  building" 
(to  form  part  of  the  A.  L.  A.  manual  of  li- 
brary economy)  ;  E.  D.  Greenman  ('09) ,  col- 
laborator in  the  "Bibliography  of  education  in 
agricultural  and  home  economics,"  issued  by 
the  United  States  Bureau  of  Education;  Ona 
M.  Imhoff  ('98),  collaborator  with  Dr.  Charles 
McCarthy  in  "The  Wisconsin  idea"  ;  Katharine 
B.  Judson  ('06),  "Myths  and  legends  of  Cali- 
fornia and  the  old  Southwest"  and  "When  the 
forests  are  ablaze";  Mrs.  Julia  S.  Harron 
('05)  and  Corinne  Bacon  ('03),  collaborators 
with  John  Cotton  Dana  in  "A  course  of  study 
for  normal  school  pupils  in  literature  for  chil- 
dren"; Isadore  G.  Mudge  (1900),  joint  author 
of  "Special  collections  in  libraries  in  the 
United  States"  (Bulletin  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau 
of  Education)  ;  Frances  J.  Olcott  ('96),  "The 
children's  reading";  E.  H.  Virgin  ('01),  editor, 
"The  intellectual  torch,"  by  Jesse  Torrey;  F. 
K.  Walter  ('06),  "Abbreviations  and  technical 
terms  used  in  book  catalogs  and  in  bibliog- 
raphies." 

An  interesting  collection  of  folders,  booklets 
and  other  artistic  printed  matter  designed  and 
printed  by  George  G.  Champlin  ('95)  for  the 
Gateway  Press,  of  Albany,  has  been  given  to 
the  school  by  Mr.  Champlin. 

During  the  temporary  absence  on  sick  leave 
of  Miss  Martha  T.  Wheeler  the  course  in  Book 
selection  has  been  conducted  by  Miss  Mary  E. 
Eastwood  ('03),  Miss  Wheeler's  chief  assistant 
in  the  Book  Selection  Section,  assisted  by  Mrs. 
Julia  S.  Harron  ('05).  It  is  expected  that 
Miss  Wheeler  will  resume  work  Jan.  i. 

F.  K.  WALTER. 

ALUMNI    NOTES 

Eliza  Lamb,  '00-02,  has  finished  her  work  as 
temporary  cataloger  at  the  Coast  Artillery 
School,  Fortress  Monroe,  Va.,  and  has  ac- 
cepted a  position  on  the -cataloging  staff  of  the 
Univ.  of  Chicago  L. 

Alice  D.  McKee,  B.L.S.,  '05,  has  been  ap- 
pointed assistant  cataloger  in  the  Ohio  State 
Univ.  L.,  Columbus. 

Rebecca  S.  MacNair,  *ii-'i2,  was  appointed 
assistant  librarian  of  the  High  School  L.  at 
Pasadena,  Cal.,  in  Sept 

Frances  K.  Ray,  Joo,  has  been  promoted  to 
the  position  of  medical  librarian,  N.  Y.  State  L. 

Henry  N.  Sanborn,  '13,  left  the  school  Dec. 
I  to  accept  the  librarianship  of  the  Univ.  Club 
of  Chicago. 

CARNEGIE  LIBRARY  OF  PITTSBURGH  TRAIN- 
ING SCHOOL  FOR  CHILDREN'S  LIBRARIANS 

On  Oct.  25,  1912,  the  Training  School  class 
matriculated  at  the  University  of  Pittsburgh 


44 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


for  the  course  in  games  and  plays,  given  by 
Miss  Alice  Corbin,  of  the  Pittsburgh  Play- 
ground Association. 

Practice  work  is  offered  in  the  reference 
department  this  year.  Each  student  has  two 
afternoons  at  the  reference  desk,  under  the 
direction  of  a  reference  assistant. 

Courses  scheduled  for  the  autumn  term  are : 
Junior.— "General  library  work,"  Mr.  Graver; 
"Administration  of  children's  rooms,"  Miss 
Bogle;  "Administration  of  small  libraries," 
Miss  Hazeltine;  "Aids  to  library  economy," 
Miss  Mann;  "Book  selection,"  Miss  Bogle, 
Miss  Smith,  Miss  Whiteman,  Miss  Willard; 
"Classification,"  Miss  Knight;  "Illustrated 
book  lists  and  picture  work,"  Miss  Schwartz; 
"Library  handwriting,"  Miss  Beale;  "Refer- 
ence work,"  Miss  Stewart,  Miss  Willard,  Mr. 
McClelland;  "Seminar  for  periodical  review," 
Miss  McCurdy;  "Story  telling,"  Mrs.  Gudrun 
Thorne-Thomsen.  Senior.— "Book  selection," 
Miss  Bogle,  Miss  Smith,  Miss  Willard ;  "Cata- 
loging," Miss  Smith;  "Organization  of  chil- 
dren's departments,"  Miss  Bogle. 

On  November  13,  Mr.  G.  B.  Utley  lectured 
on  the  "American  Library  Association." 

Miss  Anna  A.  MacDonald,  consulting  libra- 
rian, of  the  Penn.  Free  Library  Commission, 
lectured  on  "Commission  work  in  Pennsyl- 
vania," on  November  15. 

The  class  of  1914  of  the  Training  School 
for  Children's  Libraries  has  organized  and 
elected  the  following  officers:  President,  H. 
Marjorie  Beal;  vice-president,  Edith  C.  C. 
Balderston ;  secretary,  Anna  M.  Anderson ; 
treasurer,  Martha  E.  English. 

On  Saturday  evening,  November  2,  the  staff 
of  the  Carnegie  Library  gave  their  "first  li- 
brary party"  in  honor  of  the  Training  School 
for  Children's  Librarians.  A  very  clever  farce 
furnished  entertainment  and  amusement  for 
over  200  staff  members  and  students  for  more 
than  an  hour. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Downey,  resident  director  of 
the  Chautauqua  Library  School,  lectured  be- 
fore the  Training  School  on  November  20. 

Mr.  Richard  Wyche,  organizer  and  presi- 
dent of  the  National  Story  Tellers'  League  of 
America,  told  the  story  of  "St.  Francis  of 
Assisi"  on  November  25.  On  November  27  he 
told  "Hiawatha,"  afterward  giving  an  "Uncle 
Remus"  story  "just  for  fun." 

Mr.  William  R.  Watson,  formerly  librarian 
of  the  San  Francisco  Public  Library,  lec- 
tured on  "California  county  libraries"  on  No- 
vember 29. 

Mrs.  Gudrun  Thorne-Thomsen,  instructor 
in  the  School  of  Education,  University  of 
Chicago,  and  a  member  of  the  staff  of  lec- 
turers of  the  Training  School,  gave  ten 
lectures  on  story  telling  during  the  week 
beginning  December  9. 

PRATT  INSTITUTE   SCHOOL    OF  LIBRARY 
SCIENCE 

The  December  meeting  of  the  Long  Island 
Library  Club  was  held  at  the  Pratt  Institute 


Library  on  December  5.  Committees  of  the 
students  acted  as  ushers,  conducting  the  vis- 
itors to  the  exhibition  of  children's  Christmas 
books  in  the  children's  room  and  to  the  gen- 
eral Christmas  exhibit  in  the  reference  room 
on  the  second  floor,  and  serving  refreshments 
after  the  meeiing.  The  address  of  the  eve- 
ning was  by  Prof.  Henry  Fairfield  Osborn, 
president  of  the  Natural  History  Museum  of 
New  York,  on  "Recent  developments  in  the 
theory  of  evolution."  This  was  of  special 
value  to  library  students,  as  Prof.  Osborn 
dwelt  on  the  effect  of  recent  discoveries  upon 
the  standing  of  the  earliei  literature  of  evo- 
lution, and  also  as  he  evaluated  the  recent 
literature  on  the  subject. 

The  students  attended  a  very  interesting 
session  of  the  Hoe  sale  on  Tuesday  evening, 
November  19.  A  group  of  important  manu- 
scripts were  sold,  and  the  prices  paid  for 
them  brought  a  realizing  sense  of  what  it 
means  to  be  a  bibliophile.  A  study  of  the 
catalog  also  revealed  the  practical  value  of 
the  course  in  technical  French,  which  the 
class  has  been  pursuing  this  term. 

The  school  had  the  pleasure  of  listening  to 
a  very  practical  talk,  on  December  3,  on  the 
administrative  problems  of  the  small  library 
from  Mrs.  Frances  Rathbone  Coe,  formerly 
librarian  of  the  East  Orange  Public  Library. 
Mrs.  Coe  emphasized  particularly  the  human 
side  of  the  relations  between  the  librarian  and 
the  staff.  Mr.  John  Cotton  Dana,  librarian 
of  the  Newark  Public  Library,  lectured  be- 
fore the  school  on  December  10.  His  talk 
ranged  over  a  variety  of  topics,  among  them 
the  interest  of  the  library  in  good  printing, 
and  the  relation  of  the  library  to  the  museums 
and  to  city  planning.  The  apprentice  class  of 
the  Brooklyn  Public  Library  attended  both  of 
these  lectures. 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

Susan  R.  Clendenin,  '01  and  '04,  is  catalog- 
ing the  Lambert  collection  of  Lincoln  and 
Thackeray  books  and  manuscripts  at  German- 
town,  Pa. 

Alta  B.  Claflin,  '03,  has  been  made  assistant 
at  the  Western  Reserve  Historical  Society 
Library,  Cleveland,  O. 

Jessie  Sibley,  '06,  has  charge  of  the  chil- 
dren's room  in  the  main  building  of  the  New 
York  Public  Library.  Her  appointment  took 
effect  January  i. 

Ada  M.  McCormick,  '12,  is  in  charge  of  the 
business  and  municipal  department,  which  oc- 
cupies three  large  rooms  on  the  second  floor,, 
of  the  Ft.  Wayne    (Ind.)    Public  Library. 
JOSEPHINE  ADAMS  RATHBONE, 
Vice-Director. 

SIMMONS  COLLEGE  LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT 
ALUMNI  NOTES 

Gertrude  L.  Allison,  '07,  has  become  an 
assistant  in  the  Andover-Harvard  Theolog- 
ical L. 

Stella  S.  Beal,  '08,  has  been  acting  as  sec- 


January,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


45 


Tetary  to  Mr.  C.  H.  Douglas,  of  D.  C.  Heath 
&  Company,  Boston. 

Theresa  C.  Stuart,  '08,  is  cataloging  the 
private  library  of  Governor  Hill,  of  Augusta, 
Me. 

Abbie  F.  Gammons,  '10,  has  resigned  her 
position  in  Williams  College  L.,  and  is  now 
at  the  Boston  Athenaeum. 

Abbie  L.  Allen,  'n,  is  a  member  of  the 
staff  of  the  Meadville,  Pa.,  Theological  Sch.  L. 

Dorothy  C.  Nunn,  'ii,  has  resigned  from 
•her  position  as  assistant  in  the  Wellesley  Free 
L ,  to  take  charge  of  the  South  Salem  branch 
of  the  Salem  P.  L. 

Mabel  Eaton,  A.B.,  '11-12,  is  an  assistant 
in  the  cataloging  department  of  the  Univ.  of 
Chicago. 

Eva  E.  Malone,  A.M.,  'ii-'i2,  has  joined 
the  cataloging  force  of  the  St.  Louis.  P.  L. 

Blanche  S.  Smith,  A.B.,  '11-12,  is  an  assist- 
ant in  Radcliffe  College  L. 

Laura  M.  Stealey,  A.B..  '11-12,  is  on  the 
cataloging  staff  of  the  St.  Louis.  P.  L. 

Elsie  Hatch,  special,  '12,  is  an  assistant  in 
the  Melrose  (Mass.)  P.  L. 

Isabel  MacCarthy,  special,  '12,  is  in  charge 
of  the  periodical  reading  room  of  Columbia 
Univ. 

H.  Mary  Spangler,  special,  '12,  has  been 
made  librarian  of  the  Public  High  School,  of 
Hartford,  Ct. 

Mabel  Williams,  '09,  2  years  in  charge  of  a 
college  library,  and  I  year  assistant  in  the 
Radcliffe  College  L.,  has  become  assistant 
branch  librarian  of  the  Somerville  P.  L.,  at 
West  Somerville. 

Ruth  B.  McLean,  '09,  since  graduation  en- 
gaged at  the  Univ.  of  Illinois,  the  Univ.  of 
Chicago  and  in  the  secretary's  office  at  Yale 
Univ.,  has  accepted  a  position  in  the  Somer- 
ville P.  L.  as  assistant  in  the  extension  of 
the  classification  and  revision  of  the  catalog, 
previous  to  occupying  its  new  building  in 
the  fall  of  1913. 

MARY  E.  ROBBINS, 
Chairman  Library  Faculty. 


Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  addressed  the  school  on  "The 
organization  and  work  of  the  Carnegie  Li- 
brary of  Pittsburgh"  Sept.  27. 

On  Dec.  9,  through  the  courtesy  of  the 
Syracuse  Advertising  Men's  Club,  the  school 
was  invited  to  attend  a  lecture  by  C.  W.  Dear- 
den,  advertising  manager  of  the  Strathmore 
Paper  Co.,  of  Mittineague,  Mass.  It  consisted 
of  an  instructive  talk  on  the  art  of  paper  mak- 
ing illustrated  by  a  series  of  films  and  motion 
pictures. 

The  following  lectures  on  the  bibliography  of 
special  subjects  have  been  given  before  the 
senior  class :  Oct.  9,  Dr.  E.  P.  Tanner  on  "Bib- 
liography of  American  history" ;  Oct.  16,  Dr. 
E.  E.  Sperry  on  "Bibliography  and  modern 
European  history" ;  Oct.  23,  Mr.  S.  S.  Laucks 
on  "Bibliography  of  political  science";  Oct.  30 
and  Nov.  6,  Mr.  T.  P.  Oakley,  two  lectures  on 
"Bibliography  of  Ancient  history";  Nov.  13, 
Dr.  J.  R.  Street,  Dean  of  the  Teachers'  Col- 
lege, on  "Psychology  of  pedagogy";  Nov.  20, 
Dr.  A.  S.  Hurst  on  "History  of  pedagogy"; 
Dec.  12,  Dr.  P.  A.  Parsons  on  "Bibliography 
of  sociology." 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

Edna  Brand,  B.L.E.,  '12,  has  resigned  from 
the  Syracuse  Univ.  L.  to  accept  the  position 
of  cataloger  of  the  Houston  Lyceum  and  Car- 
negie L.  Assoc.,  Houston,  Tex.  Minnie  Lewis, 
'09,  succeeds  Miss  Brand. 

Marion  H.  Wells,  B.L.E.,  '12,  has  resigned 
from  the  N.  Y.  P.  L.  to  become  children's 
assistant  of  the  Saratoga  branch  of  the  Brook- 
lyn P.  L. 

Adah  Thomlinson, 'n,  has  resigned  from  the 
N.  Y.  P.  L.  to  become  assistant  children's 
librarian  of  the  Bushwick  branch  of  the  Brook- 
lyn P.  L. 

Lura  Slaughter,  '08,  has  resigned  her  posi- 
tion as  cataloger  in  the  St.  Louis  P.  L.  to  be- 
come librarian  of  the  Spencer,  Ind.,  P.  L. 

Nina  L.  Compson,  '06,  is  supplying  in  the 
Seymour  L.,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 

MARY  J.  SIBLEY,  Director. 


SYRACUSE    UNIVERSITY   LIBRARY   SCHOOL         UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 


Members  of  the  senior  class  are  again  con- 
ducting the  stcry  hour  at  the  Solvay  Public 
Library. 

This  year  no  recitations  have  been  sched- 
uled for  Saturdajs,  in  order  to  keep  the  day 
free  for  visits  to  nearby  libraries,  printing 
establishments  and  other  institutions  of  special 
interest  to  library  workers.  The  juniors  have 
visited  thus  far  Syracuse  Public  Library  cen- 
tral building,  its  Northside  branch,  and  the 
Solvay  Public  Library. 

Thus  far  the  school  has  had  the  pleasure  of 
listening  to  two  interesting  and  instructive  lec- 
tures from  active  workers  in  the  field.  Miss 
Mary  Medlicott,  reference  librarian  of  the  city 
library  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  spoke  on  "Refer- 
ence work  in  general  and  the  Springfield  city 
library"  on  Sept.  23.  Miss  Waller  Irene  Bul- 
lock, loan  librarian  of  the  Carnegie  Library  of 


Miss  Mary  Eileen  Ahern,  of  Public  Libra- 
ries, spoke  before  the  members  of  the  school 
and  faculty  and  most  of  the  library  staff,  No- 
vember 12  and  13,  on  "Some  essentials  in  li- 
brarianship." 

Mr.  George  B.  Utley  visited  the  school  on 
December  2  and  3,  giving  two  lectures  on 
those  dates.  The  subject  of  Mr.  Utley's  lec- 
ture on  December  2  was  "The  work  and  func- 
tions of  the  A.  L.  A."  On  December  3,  his 
subject  was  "Complexity  in  simplicity." 

Miss  Mary  B.  Lindsay,  librarian  of  the 
Evanston  (111.)  Public  Library,  lectured  be- 
fore the  school  and  staff,  December  17,  on 
"The  work  of  the  Evanston  Public  Library." 

The  Library  Club  held  its  December  meet- 
ing on  the  evening  of  Monday,  December  2, 
at  the  residence  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  K.  W. 
Drury.  The  meeting  was  in  the  nature  of  a 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


housewarming,  as  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Drury  have 
recently  moved  into  their  new  home,  built 
during  the  summer.  As  the  date  of  the  meet- 
ing coincided  with  the  date  of  Mr.  Utley's 
visit,  he  was  the  guest  of  honor  on  the  occa- 
sion. About  70  members  were  present.  The 
speaker  of  the  evening  was  Professor  Thomas 
E.  Oliver,  of  the  department  of  romance  lan- 
guages of  the  University  of  Illinois.  Dr. 
Oliver  spoke  at  length  and  most  interestingly 
regarding  several  large  reference  libraries 
which  he  had  visited,  and  of  which  he  had 
made  considerable  use  during  his  recent  sab- 
batical year.  At  the  close  of  Dr.  Oliver's  ad- 
dress, light  refreshments  were  served. 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

Clara  Ricketts,  B.L.S.,  '11,  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  a  position  in  the  order  department 
of  the  Univ.  of  111.  L. 

Honor  Plummer,  B.L.S.,  '12,  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  a  position  on  the  staff  of  the  Los 
Angeles  (Cal.)  P.  L. 

LIBRARY    SCHOOL    OF    THE    UNIVERSITY   OF 
WISCONSIN 

The  usual  fall  schedule  has  been  carried 
out  without  interruption.  Following  the  cal- 
endar of  the  university,  no  recess  was  granted 
at  Thanksgiving,  but  a  longer  vacation  will 
be  given  during  the  holidays.  The  following 
special  lectures  have  been  given  before  the 
school  since  the  last  report:  "How  history 
is  written,"  Dr.  Thwaites;  "Source  material 
in  history,"  illustrated  with  the  Draper  col- 
lection of  manuscripts,  Dr.  Thwaites ;  "Eval- 
uation of  books  in  American  history,"  Dr. 
Fish,  of  the  history  department;  "Modern 
tendencies,"  Dr.  McCarthy;  "Signposts  by  the 
way,"  Miss  Ahern;  "A  librarian's  reading, 
Miss  Ahern;  "Library  spirit,"  Miss  Stearns; 
"Work  with  the  mountain  whites,"  Miss  Eve 
Newman,  Hindman,  Ky. 

On  November  18  a  reception  was  given  at 
the  rooms  of  the  school  by  the  Wellesley 
Club,  of  Madison,  for  Miss  Ellen  F.  Pendle- 
ton,  president  of  Wellesley  College.  Miss 
Pendleton  spoke  briefly  to  the  members  of 
the  club  and  the  students  on  "Scholarship 
and  loyalty." 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

Madalene  S.  Hillis,  '08,  has  been  made  head 
of  the  reading  room,  Omaha  P.  L. 

Florence  C.  Farnham, '09,  is  acting  librarian 
at  Antigo,  Wis. 

Eugenia  J.  Marshall,  '09,  was  married  in 
October  to  Dr.  Warren  R.  Rainey,  Salem,  111. 

Marie  Minton,  '10,  was  married  on  November 
12  to  Mr.  Thomas  J.  George,  Monticello,  la. 

Bertha  R.  Bergold,  'n,  resigned  her  posi- 
tion at  Springfield,  111.,  to  accept  a  similar  one 
as  assistant  in  the  Superior  (Wis.)  P.  L. 

Florence  E.  Dunton,  'n,  was  offered  a  po- 
sition as  assistant  cataloger  in  the  Wisconsin 
Historical  L.,  resigning  her  position  at  Miami 
Univ. 

Pauline    J.    Fihe,    'n,    for    the    past    year 


assistant  in  the  cataloging  and  reference  de- 
partment, Cincinnati  P.  L.,  has  been  appointed 
to  the  librarianship  of  one  of  the  branch 
libraries  in  the  same  city. 

Beulah  Mumm,  'n,  has  resigned  her  posi- 
tion at  Sedalia,  Mo.,  to  join  her  parents  in 
Sacramento,  Cal. 

Alice  M.  Farquahar,  '12,  accepted  a  position 
in  the  Humboldt  Park  Branch,  Chicago  P.  L., 
commencing  November  i. 

Florence  H.  Davis, '12,  has  a  position  in  the 
library  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture, 
Wash. 

Ottlie  Liedloff,  '12,  has  accepted  the  libra- 
rianship of  the  St.  Cloud  (Minn.)  Normal 
School. 

Elizabeth  C.  Ronan,  '12,  was  unable  to  un- 
dertake the  librarianship  of  the  Fargo  (N.  D.) 
P.  L.,  owing  to  the  illness  of  her  mother. 
She  has  accepted  a  temporary  position  in  the 
Mich.  State  L. 


EVANS,  C.     American  bibliography;  a  chron- 
ological dictionary  of  all  books,  pamphlets 
and   periodical   publications   printed   in   the 
United  States  of  America  from  the  genesis 
of  printing  in  1639  down  to  and  including 
the  year  1820;  with  bibliographical  and  bio- 
graphical notes.     In   n   or   12  vs.     v.   7— 
1786-1789.     Chic.,  privately  printed   for  the 
author  by  the  Columbia  Press,  1912.    424  p. 
The  cost  of  mechanical  production  and  the 
burden  of  a  remainder  not  contemplated  in  so 
small  an  edition  have  necessitated  an  increase 
in  price.    After  Jan.  i,  1913,  no  copies  to  new 
subscribers  will  be  sold  for  less  than  $20,  and 
no  surplus  copies  will  be  printed  of  new  vol- 
umes.   Each  volume  is  believed  to  be  as  nearly 
complete   as   human   industry  could  make   it. 
Bibliographies,  catalogs  of  all  descriptions,  the 
newspaper  advertisements  of  the  period,  and 
many  other   sources  have  been  drawn   from. 
For  ten  years  the  "American  Bibliography"  has 
been  in  practical  use,  both  in  this  country  and 
abroad,  and  is  recognized  everywhere  as  the 
bibliographical  authority  of  early  American  lit- 
erature.    Entries   give  the  libraries  in  which 
copies  of  the  books  may  be  found,  valuable  for 
inter-library  loan. 

For  notice  of  vols.  4,  5,  6,  see  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL,  v.  36,  p.  134.  Vol.  3  is  entered  in 
v.  31,  p.  345;  vol.  2  in  v.  30,  p.  501,  and  vol. 
i  noticed  in  v.  29,  p.  30,  and  on  p.  Ci2i  of 
the  same  volume. 

FOSTER,  W :  E.  How  to  choose  editions ;  with 
an  introd.  by  Martha  T.  Wheeler.  Chic., 
A.  L.  A.  Pub.  Bd.  24  p.  D.  (Library  hand- 
book.) pap.,  15  c. 

"Happy  indeed  will  be  the  day,"  says  Mr. 
Foster,  "when  the  text  of  the  work  is  supplied 
in  its  integrity;  when  the  judicious  editor  has 
supplied  neither  too  much  nor  too  little  in  his 
treatment  of  the  text;  when  the  size  of  the 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


47 


book  is  all  that  can  be  desired,  for  convenience 
of  use,  and  by  way  of  appealing  to  the  reader's 
desire  to  handle  it;  when  the  type'  is  at  once 
the  perfection  of  legibility  and  of  grace ;  when 
the  paper  and  ink  reproduce  the  best  traditions 
of  an  earlier  age;  and  when  the  binding  is 
substantial,  tasteful,  well  stamped  and  lettered, 
and  in  every  way  appropriate."  Thus  he  sum- 
marizes the  requirements  for  the  ideal  library — 
the  library  which,  unhampered  by  any  practical 
considerations  might  be  "limited  to  a  few  such 
authors  as  Homer,  Virgil,  Horace  and  Dante, 
printed  by  an  Aldus  or  an  Elzevir,  and  bound 
in  vellum."  Happily  Mr.  Foster  is  content  to 
place  this  sparkling  ideal  in  the  firmament,  and 
for  practical  purposes  make  concessions  to  the 
commercialism,  of  the  modern  publisher. 

The  following,  among  the  points  Mr.  Foster 
makes,  are  of  especial  interest.  Cicero,  he 
says,  must  be  omitted  altogether  from  the  list 
except  in  the  original,  since  a  translation  of 
this  author  in  readable  English  may  almost  be 
said  to  be  lacking  altogether.  "Gift  book"  edi- 
tions of  standard  works  arouse  his  ire.  "No 
book  admitted  in  which  illustration  is  the  pre- 
dominating motive"  is  a  rule  he  suggests.  Re- 
garding the  question  of  color  in  cloth  bound 
books,  Mr.  Foster  notes  a  point  which  pub- 
lishers may  well  remember.  He  says :  "Out  of 
all  the  possible  backgrounds  on  which  gilt  let- 
ters may  be  placed,  only  a  fraction  of  them 
will  be  found  to  supply  a  legible  combination. 
The  most  illegible  as  backgrounds  are  drab, 
orange,- yellow,  white,  and  some  of  the  browns 
verging  on  orange." 

It  may  be  questioned  whether  the  Dante  in 
white  vellum,  Dickens  in  the  Chapman  &  Hall 
edition  of  some  fifty  years  ago,  and  dingy  calf- 
skin Erasmus  which  Mr.  Foster  would  enjoy 
seeing  side  by  side  on  the  library  shelf  would 
be  found  of  greatest  value  to  the  library  of 
large  circulation. 

Mr.  Foster's  paper,  published  originally  in 
the  Monthly  Bulletin  of  the  Providence  Public 
Library  in  1898,  has  long  been  out  of  print. 
The  scarcity  of  material  on  this  subject  has 
made  its  republication  desirable.  D.  W. 

perioMcal  anfc  otber  ^literature 

Boston  Cooperative  Information  Bureau 
Bulletin,  June-October,  includes  "A  few  data 
toward  a  list  of  available  directories  and 
other  resources  for  addresses,"  by  G.  W.  Lee. 

Maine  State  Library  Bulletin,  October,  in- 
cludes report  of  the  Maine  Library  Summer 
School,  and  "Civic  duties  of  the  public  libra- 
rian," by  H.  E.  Holmes. 

Middlebury  (Vt.)  College  Bulletin,  Vol.  VI., 
No.  2,  lists  loo  titles — "The  high  school  teach- 
ers' professional  library,"  by  author,  with  bib- 
liographical data. 

Newarker{  November,  is  devoted  to  the  city 
plan  exhibition  at  the  library,  Nov.  22- Jan.  5, 


New  Hampshire  Public  Libraries,  December, 
prints  "The  librarian's  canons  of  ethics," 
"Magazines  for  small  libraries,"  "Basis  for 
selection  of  magazines,"  "The  creed  of  the 
children's  librarian,"  by  Adeline  B.  Zachert; 
"Juvenile  readers  as  an  asset,"  by  E.  W. 
Mumford. 

N.  J.  Library  Bulletin  lists  "Books  to  buy 
for  children"  (4^  p.). 

New  York  Libraries,  November,  contains  "A 
service  library,"  by  C.  E.  McLenegan;  "The 
place  of  the  library  in  the  high  school,"  by  G. 
M.  Forbes;  "Possibilities,"  by  W.  F.  Seward; 
"Local  history  story  hour,"  by  Caroline  F. 
Webster;  "What  local  libraries  are  doing  to 
extend  their  privileges  to  rural  communities"; 
"Survey  of  recent  progress  in  high  schools" ; 
"Plans  of  the  State  Department  of  Education 
for  the  development  of  school  libraries,"  by 
Dr.  Sherman  Williams ;  "Recent  state  publica- 
tions of  interest  to  libraries,"  by  C.  B.  Lester. 

Pennsylvania  Library  Notes,  October,  con- 
tains a  full  report  of  the  I2th  annual  meeting 
of  the  Keystone  State  Library  Association. 

Philippine  Library  Bulletin,  October,  con- 
tains an  account  of  the  circulating  division 
(American  circulating  library). 

Public  Libraries,  December,  has  "General 
reading  for  men,"  by  M.  S.  Dudgeon;  "The 
library  school  and  its  work  for  libraries,"  by 
Chalmers  Hadley;  "Subject  headings,"  by 
Hester  Young;  "The  gracious  time,"  by  Har- 
riet S.  Wright;  "Cost  of  administration,"  by 
A.  E.  Bostwick. 

Special  Libraries,  November,  contains  "Bill 
drafting,"  by  James  McKirdy;  select  list  of 
references  on  the  trading  stamp  business;  bib- 
liography of  interest  to  public  service  corpora- 
tions ;  selected  list  of  references  to  recent  pub- 
lications of  interest  on  fire  insurance  and  re- 
lated subjects. 

ENGLISH 

Librarian,  December,  includes  "Small  libra- 
ries and  small  incomes,"  by  Edward  Wood; 
"The  cinematograph  and  chronograph  as  edu- 
cators in  public  libraries,"  by  Arthur  Lever. 

Library  Assistant,  December,  has  "The  pub- 
lic library  and  the  cheap  book,"  by  Norman 
Treliving;  "Some  features  of  work  in  a  col- 
lege library,"  by  E.  A.  Peppiette. 

Library  Association  Record,  November, 
contains  "Public  records;  first  report  of  the 
Royal  Commission" ;  "Public  libraries  and  the 
public,"  by  W.  E.  Doubleday;  "A  short  course 
in  practical  classification,  with  special  refer- 
ence to  the  decimal  and  subject  schemes; 
with  readings  and  exercises,"  by  W.  C.  Ber- 
wick Sayers. 

Library  World,  November.  Continuation 
of  "A  British  library  itinerary,"  by  J.  D. 
Brown,  giving  a  short  paragraph  on  impor- 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


tant  (selected)  libraries;  "The  issue  of  lan- 
tern slides,"  by  William  Law;  "Improving 
the  sheaf  catalog,"  by  Frank  Haigh. 

FOREIGN 

Het  Boek,  November,  contains  "The  laws 
for  the  Haarlem  and  Amsterdam  schools  of 
1576,"  by  C.  P.  Burger;  "A  mediaeval  chron- 
icle during  the  Republic  used  as  text-book," 
by  Dr.  A.  Hulshof. 

Folke-og  Barneboksamlinger,  September,  has 
impressions  of  American  libraries,  by  Dagin 
Grarud;  revision  of  Holmestrand  Teachers' 
College  Library,  by  O.  Coucheron;  Public  li- 
braries in  the  country,  by  A.  M.  Andersen ; 
Book  selection  for  small  libraries,  by  John 
Ansteensen;  Inspection  of  public  libraries; 
Course  in  library  economy  in  the  Holmestrand 
Teachers'  College. 

International  Congress  of  Archivists  and 
Librarians,  Brussels,  1910,  Proceedings,  just 
received,  comprises:  Pt.  I,  Preliminary  pa- 
pers, including  rules,  lists  of  members,  etc.; 
Pt.  2,  Reports  on  questions  on  the  order  of 
business  of  the  congress;  Pt.  3.  Reports  of 
meetings,  reunions  and  receptions.  Portraits 
of  S.  Muller,  Fz.,  and  H.  Martin,  chairmen 
of  the  congress  are  included.  (812  p.) 

Zentralblatt  fur  Bibliothekswesen,  Novem- 
ber, prints  Mr.  Paul  Schwenke's  impressions 
of  his  recent  trip  to  this  country  (reprinted 
separately),  giving  plans  of  the  New  York 
Public  Library;  "The  Incunabula  of  the 
Berne  City  Library,"  by  C.  Benziger;  "The 
acquisition  of  the  Codex  Utinensis  through 
Gustav  Hanel,"  by  R.  Helssig. 

SEPARATE    ARTICLES 
APPROPRIATIONS. 

The  trustees'  responsibility  for  the  library 
Ethel  F.  McCullough.  Wis.  Lib.  B.,  S.-O., 
'12,  p.  151-153- 

Although  books  are  dearer,  library  appro- 
priations in  many  Wisconsin  cities  are  almost 
stationary.  The  duty  of  presenting  yearly 
the  financial  claims  of  the  library  is  some- 
times neglected.  Effort  on  the  part  of  library 
boards  will  often  bring  large  increases  in 
appropriation.  In  asking  for  an  appropri- 
tion,  it  is  unwise  to  have  a  large  balance  from 
the  preceding  year.  To  avoid  a  surplus, 
amounts  for  books  should  be  definitely  and 
regularly  expended.  The  surplus  can  also  go 
into  extension  of  opening  hours  and  increases 
of  salaries,  too  often  ridiculously  inadequate. 

Presenting  the  financial  needs  of  the  library. 
Wis.  Lib.  B.,  S.-O.,  '12,  p.  147-151. 

Practically  all  libraries  are  in  need  of 
funds.  The  library  should  strive  to  increase 
its  service  to  the  community,  and  funds  will 
follow.  Service  to  men  of  affairs,  as  well  as 
to  women  and  children,  is  essential.  The 
needs  of  those  struggling  with  practical  city 


problems  should  be  answered.  The  librarian 
must  also  get  the  official's  viewpoint.  She 
must  show  him  the  necessity  for  further  li- 
brary appropriation.  Suggestions  are  here 
given  as  to  the  best  methods  of  presenting, 
by  tables  and  diagrams,  the  financial  position 
of  the  library,  and  showing  how  its  efficiency 
may  be  increased  without  undue  burden  on 
the  taxpayer. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

An  introduction  to  elementary  bibliography. 
R.  W.  Parsons.  Libn.  S.,  O.,  '12,  p.  43-50, 
84-8. 

Bibliography,  practically  considered,  treats 
of  the  materials  and  description  of  books  in 
general,  and  their  cataloging  and  preservation. 
It  is  considered  a  waste  of  time  to  record  de- 
tails of  make-up,  when  much  remains  to  be 
done  in  catalog  compilation,  etc.  Bibliography, 
historically,  embraces  the  registration  of  pages, 
watermarks,  signatures,  colophons,  etc.,  as  also 
enumeration,  cataloging  and  indexing.  Cata- 
loging differs  from  bibliography,  first,  that  it 
deals  with  a  small  set  of  books,  while  bib- 
liography is  general;  second,  entries  are  brief- 
er; third,  arrangement  is  not  suitable  for  a 
bibliography.  In  bibliography  books  are  de- 
scribed to  show  conveniently  their  relation  to 
other  books.  Sizes  are  determined  by  folds  in 
the  sheet,  also  by  position  of  watermarks  on 
the  leaves  and  the  direction  of  the  wire-lines 
of  the  paper.  However,  in  bibliographical  en- 
try it  is  necessary  to  give  both  form  and  linear 
size,  as  the  same  form  varies  at  the  present  day 
in  linear  size.  "When  the  page  conveys  in- 
formation to  the  reader  without  attracting  at- 
tention to  itself,  it  is  ideal."  The  average 
modern  book,  where  no  special  care  is  exer- 
cised in  regard  to  binding,  paper,  types,  etc.,  is 
of  this  class.  Special  editions,  as  editions  de 
luxe,  cannot  be  so  considered,  as  until  the  eye 
is  trained  to  the  type,  etc.,  the  page  attracts 
the  readers'  attention  and  renders  reading 
difficult. 

The  method  of  arrangement  of  a  bibliogra- 
phy is  determined  by  its  subject  and  its  in- 
tended use,  but  all  arrangement  must  be  easily 
intelligible,  visible,  and  permanent  in  being 
based  on  facts  not  apt  to  be  upset.  The  chro- 
nological method  by  publication  date  gives  the 
historical  development  of  a  subject,  is  easy  to 
see,  and  is  permanent,  but  wastes  space  and 
makes  reference  hard  in  very  full  years,  unless 
subjects  are  subdivided.  The  alphabetical-by- 
title  method  is  confusing;  the  alphabetical-by- 
authors  clear  and  permanent,  but  not  useful  in 
looking  for  works  on  a  given  subject.  Ar- 
rangement by  subject,  if  well  classified,  is  the 
most  useful.  Language  arrangements  may  be 
chosen  for  special  purposes.  Arrangement  by 
places  will  trace  the  literary  history  of  a  local- 
ity, but  is  not  otherwise  useful.  If  the  position 
of  the  watermark  in  the  various  sizes  be 
known,  it  will  show  whether  leaves  have  been 
substituted  in  old  books. 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


49 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  AND  EDUCATION. 

The  place  of  bibliography  in  education. 
Henry  R.  Tedder.  Lib.  Assoc.  R.,  p.  509-512. 

Shows  the  necessity  of  bibliography,  the 
wide  field  comprised  by  that  study,  how  the 
knowledge  cannot  be  acquired  from  text- 
books, how  one  of  its  chief  practical  aims  is 
to  teach  in  what  ways  books  and  libraries  can 
be  best  utilized,  how  it  is  a  practical  study, 
only  to  be  taught  by  workshop  methods,  and 
how  it  should  become  part  of  the  school 
training  at  every  stage.  "The  knowledge  of 
most  worth  is  that  of  bibliography,  which  is 
the  knowledge  of  the  use  of  books  and  of 
libraries." 

BOOKS,  CARE  OF. 

How  to  care  for  books  in  a  library.  Mrs. 
H.  P.  Sawyer.  Wis.  F.  L.  Comm.  '12,  In- 
structional Dept,  No.  7,  2d  ed.,  12  p. 

Considers  opening  books,  position  on 
shelves,  repairing  books,  recasing  books  with 
elastic  glue,  rebinding,  binding,  and  material 
for  mending. 

BOOKMAKING. 

Books  as  a  librarian  would  like  them.  H. 
L.  Koopman.  Print.  Art,  D.,  '12,  p.  273-274. 

The  librarian  is  in  a  position,  more  than 
anyone  else,  to  know  the  disabilities  of  books. 
His  chief  grievance  is  against  the  publisher. 
Books  are  often  made  unnecessarily  unwieldy. 
Paper,  ink  and  binding  have  been  cheapened, 
so  that  books  of  to-day  will  be  dust  in  a 
century.  Often  rebinding  is  required ;  but 
there  is  improvement  in  this  respect.  Books 
should  be,  say,  seven  inches  in  height.  Ex- 
pansion should  be  in  height  and  width,  rather 
than  thickness.  There  should  be  no  wasteful 
margins,  and  no  extreme  in  the  size  of  type. 
Every  wide  page  should  be  printed  in  col- 
umns. The  binding  should  be  strong,  useful 
and  in  character  with  the  contents.  Because 
of  the  efforts  of  librarians,  the  books  of  the 
next  decade  will  probably  be  better  than  those 
of  the  last. 

BUDGET. 

The  average  budget.  Helen  Turvill.  Wis. 
Lib.  B.,  S.-O.,  '12,  p.  160-161. 

A  table,  based  on  the  actual  apportionment 
of  library  funds  in  representative  Wisconsin 
libraries,  is  here  given,  showing  the  average 
percentage  expended  for  all  items.  The  li- 
braries are  grouped  according  to  the  popula- 
tion of  their  towns  or  cities.  The  following 
facts  are  noticeable:  Books  are  practically 
the  same  in  all  groups — about  20  per  cent. 
Periodicals  make  up  a  larger  proportion  in 
smaller  towns.  Salaries  for  library  service 
are  naturally  larger  in  the  larger  towns,  vary- 
ing from  32  per  cent,  to  42  per  cent.,  37  per 
cent,  being  the  average.  Janitors'  salaries  rise 
from  i  per  cent,  to  n  per  cent.  The  item 
of  rent  concerns  only  the  smaller  libraries 
(average  for  towns  under  1000  population,  n 


per  cent.).  Other  items:  Stationery  and  sup- 
plies, about  2  per  cent.;  printing,  less  than  I 
per  cent. ;  postage,  freight  and  express,  i  per 
cent. ;  insurance,  less  than  2  per  cent. 

The  budget.  Mary  Emogene  Hazeltine. 
Wis.  Lib.  B.,  S.-O.,  '12,  p.  158-160. 

There  should  be  a  budget  annually  prepared 
for  every  public  library.  The  budget  blank 
of  the  Wisconsin  F.  L.  Com.  (reprinted  in 
article)  is  divided  into  columns  for  date, 
voucher,  number,  name  or  description  of 
items,  and  subheads  for  the  various  items  of 
receipts  and  expenditures.  Suggestive  figures 
are  given.  Generally,  the  fund  should  be 
divided  into  three  items — books,  salaries,  ad- 
ministration. The  book  fund  should  be  care- 
fully guarded.  When  increases  are  asked,  the 
fund  must  always  be  used  for  the  very  thing 
for  which  it  is  requested. 

CINEMATOGRAPH  AND  CHRONOPHONE. 

The  cinematograph  and  chronophone  as  edu- 
cators in  public  libraries.  A.  Lever.  Libn. 
D.,  '12,  p.  195-200. 

Our  public  libraries  are  informal  universi- 
ties. The  cinematograph  can  be  of  great  edu- 
cational value.  One  recently  installed  in  a 
London  council  school  has  been  most  success- 
ful. Animated  pictures  familiarize  the  public 
with  sights  and  scenes  of  other  countries,  and 
make  them  discontented  with  ugly  surround- 
ings. The  invention  of  the  chronophone  has 
made  possible  a  complete  synchronization  of 
the  graphophone  and  cinematograph.  Thus  in 
time  library  lectures  may  be  given  without  the 
lecturer.  In  a  few  years  every  well-equipped 
library  will  have  a  moving  picture  apparatus. 

EXTENSION:  LOCAL  CAMPAIGNS. 

How  to  extend  the  library  movement.  J. 
Potter  Briscoe.  Libn.,  O.,  '12,  p.  88-90. 

Persons  interested  in  the  library  should 
bring  it  to  the  notice  of  influential  neighbors 
interested  in  educational  work.  A  meeting 
of  representative  men  and  women  of  the  lo- 
cality could  be  called  and  reported  in  the 
papers.  A  committee  should  be  chosen  to 
plan,  solicit,  support  and  advertise.  Local 
political  elections  will  give  opportunities  for 
making  the  movement  a  public  issue,  to  be 
finally  brought  up  in  the  local  governing 
body. 
FINANCE. 

The  financial  responsibility  of  the  librarian. 
Ethel  F.  McCullough.  Wis.  Lib.  B.,  S.-O., 
'12,  p.  153-155. 

Since  most  Wisconsin  libraries  are  admin- 
istered by  women,  and  women  have  always 
been  considered  weaklings  in  the  world  of 
finance,  Wisconsin  libraries  are  behindhand  in 
securing  funds.  The  position  is  illogical.  As 
the  one  specialist  in  library  administration 
in  the  average  city  or  town,  the  librarian 
should  assume,  as  an  intrinsic  part  of  her 
business,  the  financial  burden.  She  must  show 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


her  ability  to  meet  the  financial  problems,  and 
must  educate  her  trustees,  her  fellow  city  offi- 
cials, and,  lastly,  the  humble  taxpayer. 

GEORGE  m.'s  LIBRARY. 

The  reserved  books  from  the  king's  library. 
Lib.,  p.  422-430. 

Histories  have  noted  the  fact  that  by  order 
of  his  successor,  certain  books  were  reserved 
from  the  library  of  George  in.  at  the  time  of 
its  transference  to  the  Museum.  An  account 
of  these  books  is  here  printed  from  a  trans- 
script  of  the  memorandum  drawn  up  by  Sir 
Frederic  Augusta  Barnard.  Of  these  30  books, 
27  were  presented  to  the  king  by  the  well- 
known  antiquary,  Jacob  Bryant. 

LANTERN  SLIDES. 

The  issue  of  lantern  slides.  William  Law. 
Lib.  World,  N.,  '12,  p.  136-138. 

Suggestions  for  the  storage,  cataloging  and 
issue  of  lantern  slides,  which  are  of  great 
value  as  adjuncts  to  the  modern  lecturer,  and 
may  well  be  included  in  library  collections. 
Boxes  made  especially  for  storing  slides  are 
on  the  market.  The  stockbook  should  have 
accession  number,  columns  for  date  of  re- 
ceipt, title,  donor  or  vendor,  price,  and  other 
particulars  thought  necessary.  Each  slide 
should  have  accession  number  marked  on  it; 
inside  the  cover  glass  is  the  best  place.  Let- 
tering is  best  in  white.  Slides  should  be 
available  to  lecturers  separately,  not  only  en 
bloc.  Each  box  should  contain  a  list  of  all 
the  slides  it  contains.  It  might  be  advisable 
to  ask  for  a  deposit  before  issuing  slides. 

LIBRARIAN  AND  civic  DUTIES. 

Civic  duties  of  the  public  librarian.  H.  E. 
Holmes.  Me.  State  L.  B.,  O.,  '12,  p.  7-10. 

The  theory  of  freedom  on  which  our  gov- 
ernment is  founded  necessitates  universal  ed- 
ucation. The  public  library  is  accomplishing 
a  mighty  work  in  this  direction.  The  real 
librarian  must  be  an  executive,  an  administra- 
tor, a  thinker,  an  originator.  He  must  labor 
to  bring  to  the  library  the  75  per  cent,  or  90 
per  cent,  who  do  not  use  it,  and  to  inspire 
those  who  do  use  it  with  an  understanding 
of  its  importance.  The  writer  has  been  criti- 
cised for  saying,  with  Emerson,  "Never  buy 
a  book  until  it  is  at  least  a  year  old."  The 
taste  of  the  public  should  be  consulted,  but 
the  librarian  should  try,  inconspicuously,  to 
direct  the  taste.  Atheistic  materialism  is  un- 
dermining society.  The  increase  of  divorce 
and  growth  of  socialism  are  manifestations 
of  'the  dangerous  spirit.  The  public  library 
is  a  defense  against  the  barbarians  at  our 
gates.  But  the  librarian's  motto  should  be, 
"Ich  dien." 

LIBRARIES  AND  BUSINESS. 

The  contribution  of  library  science  to  effi- 
ciency in  modern  business.  Louise  B.  Krause. 
Pub.  Lib.  I.  Jl.  '12,  p.  247-51;  II.  N.  '12, 
P.  357-60. 


Article  takes  up  the  work  in  a  "specialized" 
library  which  renders  special  expert  service  on 
matters  of  company  business.  Under  the  head 
of  "The  function  of  a  library  in  the  work  of  a 
modern  business  organization,"  Miss  Krause 
first  mentions  the  mistaken  notion  that  a  busi- 
ness librarian  has  lowered  .her  ideals  in  ac- 
cepting such  a  position,  and  then  discusses 
three  departments  of  the  H.  M.  Byllesby  & 
Co.,  where  she  is  librarian.  The  operating 
department  determines  prices  or  rates,  etc., 
and  the  function  of  the  library  here  is  to  keep 
on  file  full  information  as  to  public  utility 
commissions;  keep  track  of  publications  deal- 
ing with  rates ;  index  articles  on  industrial 
applications  of  electric  power  (especially  for 
the  "new  business"  division,  which  constitutes 
a  bureau  of  technical  and  commercial  informa- 
tion) ;  organize  the  collection  of  photographs ; 
keep  on  file  periodicals  and  pamphlets,  de- 
scriptive booklets  of  various  towns'  and  cities ; 
make  table  of  contents  and;  index  for  annual 
volumes  of  proceedings ;  serve  as  a  bureau  of 
information;  collect  references  bearing  on  the 
company's  work  (the  last  four  especially  for 
the  publicity  division,  which  directs  company 
advertising,  general  publicity  and  the  public 
policy  of  the  company).  The  library  serves 
the  engineering  department,  which  designs  and 
constructs  large  engineering  works,  with  small, 
carefully  selected  lists  of  books  and  period- 
icals, and  an  important  selection  of  reports, 
maps,  photographs  and  ms.  engineering  data. 
For  the  examinations  and  reports  department, 
which  examines  and  reports  on  the  physical 
and  financial  condition  of  public  utilities,  the 
library  is  on  the  lookout  for  material  bearing 
on  the  science  of  valuation,  and  any  other 
references  of  this  character,  and  keeps  statis- 
tics of  all  kinds.  The  second  head,  "Qualifi- 
cations for  successful  business,"  discusses  as 
professional  qualifications  thorough  knowledge 
of  library  science,  and  as  personal  qualifica- 
tions, "the  ability  to  hold  one's  tongue,"  un- 
failing and  indiscriminating  courtesy,  "keep- 
ing from  under  the  feet"  of  busy  men,  quick 
and  immediate  service,  tact,  joy  of  work  and 
"always  be  game."  The  third  head,  "Some 
methods  of  work  used  in  conducting  business 
libraries,"  speaks  of  a  business  library  as  a 
library  laboratory,  as  distinguished  from  a 
large  collection  of  books,  and  meritorious  diffi- 
culties of  inclusion,  preparation  of  material, 
and  necessity  of  knowledge  of  government  doc- 
uments. Under  the  last  head,  "The  unentered 
field  of  business  librarianship —  a  door  of  op- 
portunity," enjoins  the  students  (lectures  at 
the  Univ.  of  111.  School)  to  have  the  ambition 
to  enter  new  fields  of  library  work,  one  of 
which  is  business  organizations.  This  field  is 
absolutely  unworked,  and  most  business  men 
are  not  conscious  of  the  fact  that  they  need 
a  librarian.  Some  of  the  disadvantages  of 
this  work  are  more  trying  conditions  in  re- 
gard to  physical  equipment  of  the  library,  a 
limited  subject,  emergency  hours,  short  vaca- 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


tions.      Advantages    are    the    opportunity    as 
specialist  and  of  original  work. 

LIBRARY  AND  PUBLIC. 

Public  libraries  and  the  public.  W.  E. 
Doubleday.  Lib,  Assoc.  R.}  N.,  '12,  p.  529- 
544- 

The  year  has  been  unhappily  distinguished 
by  library  criticism.  The  fiction  question  is 
the  "leading  plank"  in  the  platform  of  adver- 
saries. As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  issue  of  solid 
literature  increases,  while  the  fiction  circula- 
tion declines.  Another  accusation  is  that  read- 
ing rooms  are  shelters  for  loafers.  Some 
there  are,  but  it  is  easy  to  keep  out  "undesir- 
ables." The  Earl  of  Rosebery's  remarks 
about  "dead  books"  has  been  misconstrued  as 
a  criticism  of  library  procedure.  Mr.  John 
Burns'  reported  "men  are  getting  tired  of 
drenching  the  country  with  public  libraries" 
is  either  incorrectly  reported  or  a  charge 
against  his  own  party  which  created  the  li- 
braries. The  charge  of  socialism,  advanced 
by  Herbert  Spencer  and  others  is  groundless. 
Mr.  J.  E.  G.  de  Montmorency  recently  gave 
public  recognition  of  the  educational  possi- 
bilities of  libraries.  The  chief  grievance  of 
the  library  in  the  direction  of  the  press  lies 
in  the  virulent  letters  published  in  local  pa- 
pers. The  final  point  against  library  criticism 
is  that  it  is  almost  always  purely  destructive 
in  character. 

NEWARK  PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

Newark's  investment  in  its  library  building 
— has  it  paid?  Newarker,  Au.,  '12,  p.  161-165. 

Considers  the  influence  of  the  library  build- 
ing upon  the  community  as  setting  the  pace 
for  the  architectural  new  Newark,  and  as  a 
realization  in  the  building  line  of  citizens 
"that  they  lived  in  a  great  metropolis,  and  not 
in  a  country  village."  This  library  was  one 
of  the  first  in  the  country  to  recognize  its 
position  as  a  center  of  civic  life,  and  opened 
its  doors  to  numberless  meetings  of  commu- 
nity welfare  character.  A  museum,  donated 
to  the  library,  has  grown  to  be  one  of  the 
most  important  science  museums  in  the  city. 
But  in  its  chief  function,  the  distribution  of 
books,  the  library  has  a  record  that  would  be 
difficult  to  equal.  In  ten  years  the  circulation 
rose  from  320,000  to  1,200,000. 

PADDY'S  RUN. 

The  libraries  of  Paddy's  Run.  S.  R.  Will- 
iams. Ohio  Arches  ological  and  Historical 
Quarterly,  O.,  '12,  p.  462-465. 

Paddy's  Run  is  a  settlement,  now  known 
as  Shandon,  about  twenty  miles  northwest  of 
Cincinnati.  It  was  settled  by  people  from 
Wales  about  1803.  Soon  afterwards  they 
started  a  library,  the  exact  date  of  which  is 
not  known,  but  it  was  in  existence  in  1812. 
The  article  gives  a  brief  account  of  the  his- 
tory of  this  library  and  its  successor.  In  the 
group  of  people  who  used  it,  there  are  a 


number  who  have  figured  largely  in  the  his- 
tory of  Ohio. 

PUBLIC  RECORDS. 

Public  records;  first  report  of  the  Royal 
Commission.  Lib.  Assoc.  R.,  N.,  '12,  p.  519- 
528. 

A  summary  of  the  report,  giving  conclu- 
sions and  recommendations  of  the  commis- 
sion appointed  to  inquire  and  report  as  to  the 
working  of  the  public  records  acts,  as  to  the 
care  and  custody  of  public  records  in  Eng- 
land and  Wales,  and  as  to  the  administration 
and  efficiency  of  the  Public  Records  Office ; 
and  a  further  summary  of  recommendations, 
categorically  set  forth,  arranged  under  vari- 
ous headings,  so  far  as  they  specially  concern 
either  the  government,  the  master  of  rolls, 
the  Public  Records  Office,  or  other  individual 
officials  or  departments.  The  report  presents: 
(i)  text  of  the  report,  (2)  a  great  mass  of 
extremely  interesting  information  respecting 
British  and  foreign  archives,  (3)  minutes  of 
evidence,  and  index. 

READING. 

Books :  their  use  and  abuse.  Rev.  W.  R. 
Inge.  Lib.  Asst.  N.,  '12,  p.  202-210. 

The  establishment  of  libraries  and  the  publi- 
cation of  cheap  and  attractive  editions  of  the 
classics  are  contributing  very  much  to  diffus- 
ing education  and  zest  for  good  literature. 
But  the  large  circulation  of  worthless  fiction 
shows  that  the  public  taste  is  not  elevated. 
The  reading  of  cheap  novels,  skimmed  and 
forgotten,  is  a  disease.  During  the  days  from 
Scott  to  Thackeray,  British  fiction  was  whole- 
some. Our  novelists  must  return  to  sounder 
traditions,  without  falling  back  into  timid  reti- 
cence, a  blunder  from  the  moral  as  well  as 
artistic  viewpoint.  However,  the  great  books 
of  the  past  are  read,  even  by  working  men. 
The  great  difficulty  is  that  the  self-made  man 
has  not  imbibed  the  traditions  of  European 
culture,  does  not  understand  the  classical  allu- 
sions or  appreciate  our  civilization  in  its  rela- 
tion to  past  civilizations.  This  is  also  true  of 
the  attitude  of  the  County  Council  schools 
product  toward  Christianity.  He  knows  little 
or  nothing  of  the  organic  filaments  which  bind 
modern  Christianity  to  a  remote  past.  But 
while  the  best  traditions  of  the  old  culture  are 
in  danger  of  being  lost  northern  Europe  gains 
something  from  its  emancipation  from  old 
leading  strings.  Our  race  is  evolving  a  philos- 
ophy, an  ethics,  a  Christianity  of  its  own. 
Whether  it  will  be  a  reversion  to  barbarism  or 
a  new  and  fresher  culture  depends  on  the  kind 
of  education  the  people  are  to  get — especially 
the  adults.  We  must  use  great  care  also  in 
protecting  our  language  from  corruption.  The 
"journalese"  mode  of  speech  and  odious  sole- 
cisms from  America  are  everywhere  rife. 

READING  FOR  MEN. 

General  reading  for  men.  M.  S.  Dudgeon 
Pub.  Lib.,  D.,  '12,  p.  399-401. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


It  is  not  safe,  in  striving  to  serve  men  in 
the  library,  to  assume  that  they  will  like  all 
the  same  light  literature  which  women  like. 
The  practical  man  regards  "The  rosary"  as 
a  mass  of  saccharine  sentimentality.  A  wo- 
man enjoys  sorrow,  a  man  wants  cheerful- 
ness and  success.  He  prefers  "The  conquest 
of  Canaan"  to  "Lewis  Rand."  Books  of  ad- 
venture and  travel  appeal  to  him,  such  as 
Francke's  "A  vagabond  journey,"  Borup's  "A 
tenderfoot  with  Peary,"  Norman  Duncan's 
tales.  In  fiction,  he  likes  Rhodes'  "Good  men 
and  true,"  Kipling's  stories  of  the  Orient, 
Owen  Wister's  and  Jack  London's  tales.  "Fa- 
mous adventures  and  prison  escapes  of  the 
Civil  War"  was  most  popular  in  the  engine 
houses  at  Pittsburgh  and  in  the  home  circula- 
tion in  Wisconsin.  In  novels,  men  prefer 
romance  to  sentimentality.  They  read  more 
of  Gilbert  Parker  and  Maurice  Hewlett  than 
DeMorgan  or  Galsworthy.  The  political  set- 
ting is  a  popular  background.  In  lists  of 
boys'  books  chosen  by  votes  of  high  school 
boys  in  New  York  and  Wisconsin,  "Treasure 
Island"  leads.  Both  lists  contain  Cooper's 
"Spy"  and  "The  last  of  the  Mohicans."  Li- 
brarians must  not  forget  to  serve  the  man 
with  the  truly  humorous.  Men  enjoy  Arnold 
Bennett,  Montague  Glass,  W.  J.  Locke,  Stew- 
art's "Fugitive  blacksmith,"  Bacheller's  "Keep- 
ing up  with  Lizzie,"  Holman  Day's  "The  skip- 
per and  the  skipped,"  and  Alice  Hegan  Rice's 
"Mr.  Opp." 

SCHOOL  LIBRARIES, 

School  libraries  and  reading.  E.  Morris 
Miller.  Australia,  Education  Gazette  and 
Teachers'  Aid,  Mr.,  '12,  12  p. 

A  discussion  of  what  school  libraries  can 
do  in  leading  the  child  to  acquire  early  the 
habit  of  good  reading.  Summary:  i.  Intro- 
ductory. II.  School  libraries:  general  read- 
ing. III.  School  libraries :  supplementary 
reading.  IV.  Library  organization,  (a)  Or- 
derliness, (b)  Accessions,  (c)  Catalog,  (d) 
Classification.  (e)  Charging  methods.  V. 
Library  training  for  teachers  and  children. 
VI.  Libraries  and  education. 

STAFF  EXCHANGES. 

Staff  exchanges  in  public  libraries.  K.  Cot- 
ton. Libn.,  N.,  '12,  p.  137-138. 

A  suggestion  for  doubling  the  vacation 
period  by  a  half-time  system  of  duty,  and 
allowing  assistants  to  arrange  exchanges  with 
assistants  in  other  towns,  so  that  each  gets 
an  economical  holiday,  with  a  change  of  place 
and  new  experience,  without  curtailing  the 
library  staff.  Assistants  might  even  be  ex- 
changed for  lengths  of  time  with  the  libraries 
of  other  countries. 

STAFF  INTERCHANGE. 

Staff  interchange:  an  inaugural  address. 
Ernest  Male.  Lib.  Asst.  N.,  '12,  p.  211-215. 

The  assistant  is  too  apt  to  drop  into  a  groove. 
When  the  time  comes  when  he  wants  a  larger 


position  and  salary  he  finds  he  is  lacking  in 
experience.  A  scheme  has  been  suggested 
whereby  assistants  of  equal  rank  in  different 
libraries  should  change  places,  perhaps  for  a 
fortnight,  perhaps  for  a  month.  Trie  consent 
of  the  respective  committees  must  first  of  all 
be  obtained.  The  fact  that  different  libraries 
use  different  classifications  would  be  confusing, 
but  beneficial  to  the  assistants  in  the  end.  The 
question  of  differences  in  salaries  would  have 
to  be  adjusted.  The  library,  as  well  as  the 
assistant  would  benefit  by  an  interchange.  An 
assistant  might  be  allowed  to  change  three 
times  in  twelve  months.  The  offer  of  a  more 
remunerative  post  might  come  through  inter- 
changing. The  great  thing  to  dp  is  to  enlist 
the  sympathy  of  the  chief  librarians.  Assist- 
ants who  intend  to  sit  for  the  Library  Associa- 
tion's Examinations  would  find  interchanging 
of  enormous  help. 

•Rotes  an&  flews 

BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  UNEMPLOYMENT.  A  report 
on  the  bibliography  of  unemployment  under- 
taken by  the  Institut  International  de  Bib- 
liographic and  the  Bibliotheque  Municipale  de 
Budapest  was  made  at  the  session  of  the  In- 
ternational Committee  of  the  Association  In- 
ternationale pour  la  Lutte  Contre  le  Chomage 
at  Zurich,  Sept.  6-7,  1912.  The  report  gives 
an  account  of  the  commencement  of  the  un- 
dertaking, the  bibliographical  methods  decided 
upon,  an  outline  of  the  proposed  plan,  decisions 
regarding  classification,  the  languages  to  be 
employed,  matter  to  be  included,  etc.,  and 
other  details. 

BOOKS  endorsed  by  the  A.  L.  A.  is  the  title 
of  a  catalog  issued  by  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co., 
being  a  literal  transcription  of  their  books  in 
the  A.  L.  A.  supplement,  1904-11. 

DEUTSCHE  HAUS,  of  Columbia  University, 
has  a  unique  feature  in  its  library,  which  is 
unlike  any  other  in  that  it  confines  itself  to 
current  German  literature  since  1871.  Direc- 
tor Tombo  is  making  the  library  of  the 
"Haus"  essentially  "a  repository  of  material 
of  immediate  interest,"  and  the  result  is  a 
collection  of  books,  articles,  newspaper  clip- 
pings and  other  fugitive  material  that  is  not 
available  at  any  other  library  or  university. 

EDUCATIONAL  UNITY  IN  BUFFALO. —  The  ex- 
ecutive committee  of  the  Buffalo  Educational 
Union  had  a  meeting,  about  a  week  ago,  which 
resulted  in  a  plan  for  a  display  card  to  be 
placed  in  the  halls  of  the  different  institutions, 
in  factories,  etc.,  calling  attention  to  the  re- 
sources of  the  five  institutions  represented — 
the  Buffalo  Public  Library,  the  Grosvenor 
Library,  the  Buffalo  Society  of  Natural  Sci- 
ences, the  Buffalo  Fine  Arts  Academy  and 
the  Buffalo  Historical  Society.  Other  com- 
mittees were  appointed  for  the  purpose  of 
preparing  for  publication  a  directory  of  the 


January,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


53 


educational  institutions  in  the  city  of  Buffalo ; 
to  arrange  with  two  local  newspapers  for  the 
publishing  of  weekly  news  notes  concerning 
all  these  institutions ;  and  to  arrange  for  talks 
before  the  night  schools  and  clubs,  calling 
attention  with  lantern  slides  to  the  resources 
of  the  different  institutions. 

EXAMINATIONS. — It  is  interesting  to  note 
that  the  method  of  selection  pursued  in  the 
appointment  of  Mr.  Legler  to  the  librarian- 
ship  of  the  Chicago  Public  Library  is  to  be 
followed  closely  by  the  three  commissioners 
of  Sumter,  S.  C,  in  the  choice  of  a  city 
manager  to  control  the  municipal  business. 

INFORMATION  BUREAU.  —  William  Abbatt, 
publisher,  of  Westchester,  N.  Y.,  announces 
the  publication  of  International  Notes  and 
Queries,  a  monthly  magazine,  the  first  regular 
number  of  which  is  promised  for  January, 
1913.  The  idea  is  to  afford  a  practical  basis 
for  intercommunication  between  reference 
librarians  and  other  investigators.  To  facili- 
tate foreign  research,  short  notes  in  the  in- 
ternational language,  "I  do,"  will  be  accepted. 
The  contents  of  each  issue  will  be  arranged 
by  subject,  according  to  the  decimal  classifica- 
tion. The  scope  of  subjects  upon  which  ques- 
tions may  be  asked  is  unlimited.  Librarians 
and  others  interested  in  the  project  are  in- 
vited to  send  for  free  sample  copies.  Eugene 
F.  MacPike,  of  Chicago,  who  has  suggested 
the  formation  of  an  American  Cooperative 
Information  Bureau,  is  the  editor.  Subscrip- 
tion price  is  $2.25  per  year. 

INTERLIBRARY  LOANS. — A  regular  messenger 
service  between  the  Columbia  University  Li- 
brary and  the  New  York  Public  Library  has 
been  instituted.  Applications  left  at  the  uni- 
versity loan  desk  before  10  a.m.,  Wednesday 
of  each  week,  may  be  called  for  on  the  same 
day  after  3  p.m. 

LEATHER  BINDINGS.— The  report  of  the  Li- 
brarian of  Congress  says  that  the  question  of 
what  kind  of  leather  is  the  best  is  not  so  im- 
portant as  the  question  of  the  best  tannage 
and  dyeing,  and  enumerates  the  common  de- 
fects of  leather  as  now  usually  produced  as 
(i)  those  caused  by  the  effects  of  mineral 
acids  in  the  dyeing;  (2)  those  resulting  from 
the  use  of  strong,  quick-acting  tannins  of  the 
catachol  group  (represented  by  turwar  bark, 
hemlock  bark,  etc.),  in  place  of  the  pyrogallol 
group  (represented  by  sumach,  etc.) ;  (3) 
those  consequent  to  the  thin  splitting  and 
buffing  of  the  leather.  "Recently  certain 
leathers  have  appeared  in  the  market  guaran- 
teed free  from  mineral  acids  and  of  sound 
tannage." 

LIBRARY  EXHIBIT  AT  THE  TEXAS  COTTON 
PALACE. — To  advertise  the  library  in  its  own 
community,  as  well  as  to  bring  it  to  the  at- 
tention of  the  surrounding  small  towns,  the 
Waco  Public  Library  held  an  exhibit  of  its 
work  at  the  Texas  Cotton  Palace  in  Novem- 
ber. The  exhibit  assumed  the  form  of  a 
small  library,  with  reading  room  and  chil- 
dren's corner,  with  1500  selected  books.  The 


exhibit  was  made  attractive  with  casts  and 
pictures,  and  an  attendant  from  the  library 
was  present  at  all  times  to  answer  questions 
and  to  distribute  the  handbooks  of  the  li- 
brary, lists,  pictures  of  the  library  and  appli- 
cation cards  for  membership,  and  bookmarks 
for  the  children.  Several  thousand  people 
visited  the  exhibit  and  enjoyed  the  reading 
rooms.  For  the  children,  Miss  Nell  Whitman 
told  stories  in  the  large  coliseum  and  in  the 
Cotton  Palace  Park.  The  library  was  repre- 
sented on  Waco  day  in  a  parade  by  a  float, 
bearing  children  in  costumes,  representing 
characters  from  the  story  hour.  The  float 
was  under  the  direction  of  Miss  Lota  Pharr, 
the  library  story-teller,  and  attracted  many 
children  to  the  story  hour. 

LITERARY  HYPOCRISY  was  also  touched  upon 
by  Lord  Rosebery  when  the  freedom  of  the 
Burgh  of  Peebles  was  conferred  upon  him 
Oct.  9.  In  an  address  reported  in  the  Librarian 
he  said  that.be  supposed  literature  meant  the 
standard  books,  and  that  these  were  those  lists 
of  the  100  best  books  that  competent  gentlemen 
were  ready  to  furnish  on  the  slightest  possible 
occasion.  He  firmly  believed  that  if  a  man 
proceeded  to  read  the  loo.best  books  given  in 
any  list  right  through,  he  would  never  wish  to 
read  again.  George  in.  was  supposed  to  have 
said  that  Shakespeare  was  sad  stuff.  He  did 
not  understand  that  j  udgment,  but  he  respected 
the  courage  of  the  man  who  uttered  it,  and 
was  inclined  to  think  that  no  one  but  a  crowned 
sovereign  would  have  had  the  courage  to 
make  it. 

McCLURo's  have  issued  the  fourth  edition 
of  their  classified  library  catalog. 

NEWSPAPER  PRESERVATION. — As  a  result  of 
the  meeting  of  the  A.  L.  A.  committee  on 
newsprint  paper  and  representatives  of  the 
American  Newspaper  Publishers'  Association, 
at  which  the  paper  by  Mr.  Norris  (reprinted 
elsewhere)  was  presented,  the  Brooklyn  Daily 
Eagle  has  begun  the  printing  of  a  special 
binding  edition  on  a  permanent  paper,  consist- 
ing of  75  per  cent,  rag,  especially  intended  for 
library  preservation.  It  is  reported  that  the 
Washington  Star,  the  St.  Paul  Pioneer  Press, 
and  the  New  York  Evening  Post  will  follow 
the  Eagle's  example.  The  Eagle  proposes  to 
furnish  two  copies,  one  of  the  regular  issue  for 
use  on  the  files,  and  one  of  the  better  paper 
for  binding,  for  $20  a  year.  The  extra  edition 
will  be  held  (flat)  and  sent  to  subscribers 
once  a  month,  or  once  in  three  months,  as 
desired.  The  binding  edition  only  will  be  sent 
for  $15.  The  New  York  World  was  some- 
what exercised  as  to  this  "Printing  for  pos- 
terity" in  a  cynical  editorial  protest  against 
our  handing  down  to  posterity  "stupendous 
masses  of  imperishable  daily  newspaper  and 
periodical  files,  full  of  repetitions  and  dupli- 
cations." 

PENNELL'S  pictures  of  the  Panama  Canal 
have  proved  excellent  for  exhibition  purposes, 
and  may  be  procured  in  sheets. 


54 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


PRISON  LIBRARIES  in  Germany  are  to  receive 
careful  overhauling.  They  are  to  be  divided 
according  to  entertaining,  instructive  and  re- 
ligious contents,  and  will  be  replenished,  with 
a  view  to  furnishing  the  best  to  the  ordinary 
readers,  to  the  more  educated  readers,  to 
young  folk  and  to  Protestants  and  Catholics. 
Cheap  and  popular  editions  are  to  have  pref- 
erence in  purchase. 

RUSSELL  SAGE  FOUNDATION,  department  of 
surveys  and  exhibits  (31  Union  Square,  N.  Y. 
City),  has  issued  an  inquiry  blank  regarding 
exhibit  units  and  materials  to  reveal  present 
exhibit  thought,  knowledge  and  practice.  Bet- 
ter standardized  sizes  and  materials  used  in 
mounting  would  give  opportunity  for  a  larger 
and  more  efficient  use  of  exhibits. 

STEVENSON'S  poem,  "Our  lady  of  the  snows," 
has  contained  a  typographical  error  in  all  edi- 
tions of  his  poems,  ever  since  its  first  printing 
in  1887.  In  the  lines  "Where  nothing  speaks 
except  the  bell,  The  unfraternal  brothers 
dwell,"  the  printer  substituted  an  "h"  for  a 
"b"  in  the  word  bell,  making  nonsense  of  the 
line.  As  editors  and  proofreaders  still  over- 
look the  error,  it  lies  with  libraries  to  make 
corrections  in  their  individual  copies. 

American  Vigilance  Association.  The  li- 
brary department  has  prepared  lists,  especially 
recommended  to  libraries,  on  the  social  evil 
and  sex  education. 

Louisiana  State  Library  Association  has 
been  getting  a  traveling  library  collection  into 
shape,  and  will  begin  sending  out  the  libraries 
the  first  of  the  year  1913  as  an  initial  step  in 
arousing  interest  throughout  the  state.  The 
association  is  also  working  for  a  library  com- 
mission, and  intends  coming  before  the  next 
legislature  with  a  bill  for  creating  such  a 
commission. 

Allentown  (Pa.}  Public  Library  was  open- 
ed, November  25,  with  exercises.  The  library 
is  the  result  of  voluntary  subscriptions, 
amounting  to  $27,687,  in  sums  ranging  from 
5  cents  to  $500.  The  total  cost  of  the  library 
was  $25,887. 

Boston  Public  Library  has  just  published  a 
13-page  pamphlet  on  "Books  and  articles  in 
periodicals  on  business  education  in  the  Bos- 
ton Public  Library  and  the  Massachusetts 
State  Library." 

Columbia  University  Library.  In  conse- 
quence of  the  establishment  of  exchange  re- 
lations with  the  British  Library  of  Political 
Science  of  the  London  School  of  Economics 
and  Political  science,  the  university  has  re- 
cently received  from  that  institution  4992 
pamphlets  on  exchange  account.  The  "List 
of  medical  periodicals  currently  received  in 
the  libraries  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  and  in  other  libraries  of  Columbia 
University,"  just  published,  shows  that  328 
periodicals  are  received.  Of  these,  214  are 
different  titles,  114  duplicates. 


Detroit  Public  Library.  As  a  result  of  the 
recent  library  inspection  trip  of  three  of  the 
library  commissioners  and  Mr.  Utley  and  Mr. 
Strohm,  a  report  was  submitted  to  a  meeting 
of  the  library  commission,  October  n,  indi- 
cating some  of  the  plans  for  the  new  central 
library  building  for  Detroit.  Storage  is  sug- 
gested for  at  least  750,000  books,  and  accom- 
modations for  a  population  twice  that  of  the 
present  city.  The  building  should  be  a  plain, 
substantial  structure,  of  a  pleasing,  dignified 
and  impressive  appearance,  the  new  St.  Louis 
building  being  considered  as  of  about  the 
right  character  and  size,  although  some  of 
the  ornamentation  might  be  omitted.  A  con- 
siderable addition  to  the  $375,000  offered  by 
Mr.  Carnegie  is  urged.  The  Business  Library 
Branch  of  the  Newark  Library  "seems  to  meet 
the  needs  of  the  busy  man,  and  may  well  be 
considered  as  a  future  feature  in  the  Detroit 
system." 

— ,  the  George  V.  N.  Lothrop  Branch  was 
opened  on  Dec.  21,  1912,  with  appropriate  ad- 
dresses by  representatives  of  the  city,  the 
schools  and  the  community.  A  week  later, 
December  28,  like  exercises  were  held  in  con- 
nection with  the  dedication  of  the  Herbert 
Bowen  Branch. 

Elisabeth  (N.  J.)  Public  Library.  Ground 
was  broken,  November  13,  for  a  branch  li- 
brary, 74  x  44,  to  be  known  as  the  Liberty 
Square  Branch. 

Grand  Rapids  Public  Library  has  issued 
"The  library  and  the  schools,"  an  account  of 
the  work  of  the  library  with  and  for  the  chil- 
dren and  teachers  of  the  public,  parochial  and 
private  schools  of  the  city. 

Library  of  Congress  has  received  a  com- 
plete set  of  autograph  letters  or  documents  of 
the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence from  J.  Pierpont  Morgan. 

Los  Angeles.  The  charter  for  Los  Angeles, 
which  provided  for  the  commission  form  of 
government,  and  contained  inadequate  pro- 
visions for  the  control  and  financing  of  the 
library,  was  decisively  defeated  at  an  election 
held  December  3.  It  is  hoped  that  the  new 
charter  will  contain  a  section  favorable  to  the 
library. 

New  Haven  Free  Public  Library  has  issued 
in  pamphlet  form  the  minutes  of  the  dedication 
exercises,  May  27,  1911. 

New  York  State  Library  School's  anniver- 
sary of  the  first  quarter  century  has  occa- 
sioned the  publication  of  an  illustrated  pamph- 
let, furnishing,  in  informal  papers  by  friends 
of  the  school,  a  brief  history  of  its  activities. 

Pittsburgh,  Carnegie  Library.  The  second 
edition  (84  p.)  of  the  Debate  Index  is  now 
off  the  press. 

Queens  Borough  Public  Library.  An  ex- 
amination, equivalent  to  that  required  for 
grade  B,  to  fill  a  vacancy  existing  in  the 
traveling  library  department,  will  be  held  in 
January.  Salary,  $720  per  annum. 


January,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


55 


Salt  Lake  City  Public  Library  opened  its 
first  branch  library  Dec.  2  with  about  2100 
books,  in  two  rooms  on  the  ground  floor  of  a 
new  department  store.  The  branch  is  in- 
tended to  supply  with  books  the  citizens  living 
beyond  a  viaduct  which  separates  the  west  side 
from  the  main  part  of  the  city. 

Vergennes,  Vt.  The  Bixby  Memorial  Free 
Library  building  was  dedicated  on  October  I. 
The  main  address  was  given  by  Dr.  John  A. 
Thomas,  president  of  Middlebury  College,  who 
laid  stress  on  the  importance  of  the  librarian's 
powers  and  personality  in  the  library's  work, 
and  the  necessity  of  reaching  out  as  far  as 
possible  in  as  many  ways  as  possible  in  order 
that  the  newly  established  library  should  live 
up  to  the  best  ideals  in  up-to-date  library 
work. 

Washington^,  District  of  Columbia  Public 
Library,  has  issued  some  interesting  publicity 
material,  including  printed  lists  of  books  on 
special  topics.  The  industrial  department  has 
been  emphasized,  and  with  a  new  industrial 
circular,  a  "keep-up-to-date"  card  is  enclosed 
for  noting  subjects  of  interest. 

Berlin  University  Library  is  again  giving 
weekly  lectures  on  the  use  of  the  library. 
Important  reference  and  bibliographical  ma- 
terial will  be  fully  discussed. 


Gifts  an&  Bequests 


BRAINERD,  Jessie,  a  student  in  the  New  York 
Library  School,  has  been  appointed  librarian 
of  the  New  Rochelle  Public  Library,  but  will 
continue  her  work  in  the  school  for  the  pres- 
ent as  a  partial  student. 

CARTER,  Julia  F.,  Pratt,  '06,  has  been  ap- 
pointed librarian  of  the  Perkins  children's 
branch,  Cleveland,  O.,  Public  Library. 

CLARK,  Etta  M.,  resigned  her  position  as 
librarian  of  Middlebury  College,  Middlebury, 
Vt.,  Nov.  i,  1912,  to  accept  the  assistant  libra- 
rianship  of  the  New  York  School  of  Philan- 
thropy Library,  Russell  Sage  Foundation.  The 
recataloging  of  the  entire  library  is  going  on 
under  her  direction. 

HACKETT,  Irene  A.,  Pratt,  '97,  librarian  of 
the  public  library,  New  Castle,  Pa.,  has  been 
made  librarian  of  the  public  library,  Engle- 
wood,  N.  J.,  and  began  work  there  January  I. 

HJELMQVIST,  Dr.  Frederik,  of  Stockholm, 
a  member  of  the  library  commission,  is  now 
traveling  in  the  United  States,  to  investigate 
library  conditions. 

SMITH,  George  E.,  an  attorney,  of  St.  Louis, 
has  been  appointed  state  librarian  of  Missouri 
for  a  term  of  four  years. 

SWEZEY,  Anna  D.,  B.L.S.,  Illinois,  '03,  who 
for  nearly  three  years  has  been  librarian  of 
the  East  Chicago  and  Indiana  Harbor  Public 
Libraries,  has  resigned  her  position,  to  accept 
the  librarianship  of  the  Salem  (Ore.)  P.  L. 


Fort  Atkinson,  Wis.,  is  the  recipient  of  a 
gift  of  $10,000  for  a  new  public  library. 
Henry  E.  Southwell,  of  Chicago,  is  the  donor. 
The  only  stipulation  is  that  it  be  called  the 
Dwight  Foster  Public  Library,  in  memory  of 
the  pioneer  settler  of  Fort  Atkinson. 

Utica,  N.  Y.  A  lot  for  a  branch  building 
has  been  presented  to  the  library  by  Mr. 
F.  T.  Proctor,  a  trustee  of  the  library,  in  the 
eastern  section  of  the  city,  near  the  large 
Italian  population.  The  building  will  be 
erected  as  early  as  possible  in  the  spring,  and 
it  is  hoped  that  it  will  be  ready  for  use  in 
the  fall  of  1913. 

SLtbrarg  "Reports 

Amherst  (Mass.)  Coll.  L.  R.  S.  Fletcher, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — year  to  O.  I,  1912.)  Accessions 
4200;  total  106,685.  Circulation  10,808.  Do- 
nations have  been  notable.  Much  progress 
has  been  made  in  the  revision  of  the  catalog. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Pratt  Institute  F.  L.  E.  F. 
Stevens,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  year  to  Je.  30,  1912.) 
Accessions  5832;  total  101,596.  Circulation 
258,759.  Registrations  6614.  Reference  issue 
statistics  have  been  discontinued  as  an  in- 
accurate and  unavailing  record.  Attendance  at 
the  applied  science  department  was  20,908.  De- 
mand for  the  "works"  library  of  technical 
books  has  led  to  the  preparation  of  a  perma- 
nent standard  selection  of  technical  works  to 
meet  any  need  at  a  moment's  notice.  The 
character  of  books  for  this  library  is  indicated 
by  different  colored  cards,  books  noted  on  blue 
cards  for  instance  being  those  designed  for 
men  with  no  technical  training. 

Columbia  Univ.  L.  W.  D.  Johnston,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.— year  to  Je.  30,  1912.)  Agreements 
have  been  entered  into  with  two  institutions 
in  the  city  effecting  a  union  of  their  libraries 
with  that  of  the  university;  also  with  the 
N.  Y.  Public  Library,  sending  titles  of  all 
periodicals  added,  and  with  the  Metropolitan 
Museum,  sending  the  list  of  its  current  ac- 
cessions. The  librarian  has  been  authorized 
to  extend  the  use  of  the  library  to  persons  in 
New  York,  Brooklyn  and  Newark  introduced 
by  the  public  librarians  in  those  places.  Re- 
arrangement in  shelving  now  permits  students 
admitted  to  the  stacks  to  find  the  literature 
of  a  subject  in  one  place,  and  with  newly  in- 
stalled stack  guide  cards  and  shelf  labels, 
find  it  with  the  least  expenditure  of  time. 
Among  department  libraries,  the  important 
event  was  the  completion  of  the  Avery  Li- 
brary. The  most  notable  acquisition  of  the 
year  was  the  collection  of  the  Samuel  John- 
son papers,  in  book  collections,  the  dramatic 
library  of  Brander  Matthews,  and  the 
works  of  James  Thomson.  Gifts  included 
$25,000  from  Mrs.  Russell  Sage  for  the  de- 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913. 


partment  of  the  practice  of  medicine,  and 
$7500  for  general  purposes  (anonymous). 
Study  has  been  made  of  the  expenditure  for 
books  for  the  several  departments  for  the 
past  14  years.  Accessions  were  23,528  vol- 
umes, 1134  mss.,  7000  photos,  67  maps.  Re- 
marks on  administrative  organization  are  re- 
printed on  page  25.  Students  are  no  longer 
employed  in  higher  grades  of  library  service. 
Department  librarians  have  been  given  the 
same  rank  as  heads  of  departments  in  the 
general  library.  Order  cards  for  books  have 
hitherto  been  filed  as  a  record  of  books  re- 
ceived by  purchase  as  soon  as  the  books  are 
cataloged;  they  are  now  returned  at  quarterly 
intervals  to  the  officers  or  readers  from  whom 
they  were  received,  being  thus,  in  part,  a  bul- 
letin of  accessions,  and  save  maintaining  any 
card  record.  Average  cost  of  first-hand  books 
added  was  $2.49;  second-hand,  $1.52.  Through 
exchange,  6396  pieces  (not  serials)  (4896  dis- 
sertations) were  received  from  750  institu- 
tions. 3611  pieces  (not  serials)  (1748  disser- 
tations) were  distributed  to  548  institutions. 
It  has  been  determined  to  transfer  the  li- 
brary's catalog  to  standard  size  cards.  The 
available  printed  cards  will  be  used,  but  as  no 
large  proportion  of  books  for  which  no  cards 
have  been  published  is  likely  to  be  found, 
cards  are  to  be  multigraphed,  and  only  such 
copies  of  them  as  may  be  wanted  by  other 
libraries  for  insertion  in  their  union  catalogs, 
or  for  other  bibliographical  purposes.  It  has 
been  decided  to  adopt  the  L.  C.  cataloging 
rules  and  its  list  of  subject  headings,  and — 
for  unclassified  departments  of  the  library — 
its  system  of  classification.  Investigation  has 
been  made  of  other  libraries'  catalogs,  history, 
number  of  catalogs,  composition,  cost  and  use, 
the  results  to  be  communicated  to  other  libra- 
ries in  a  series  of  memoranda.  45,860  cards 
were  added  to  the  library  catalogs,  represent- 
ing 17,550  volumes;  9053  new  book  titles,  734 
analytical  titles.  The  binding  department  has 
been  established,  with  complete  equipment  (10 
workers).  The  monthly  output  is  about  400 
volumes.  An  arrangement  has  been  made 
with  the  Library  of  Congress,  providing  that 
topics  to  be  investigated  at  Columbia  may  be 
forwarded  to  the  L.  C.,  which  will  supply 
the  bibliographies,  showing  its  resources  on 
each  topic,  and  Columbia  will,  in  turn,  supply 
the  additional  titles.  It  has  been  proposed 
to  print  brief  syllabi  of  the  more  popular 
courses,  with  the  advice  and  cooperation  of 
officers  of  instruction.  Lectures  have  been 
given  on  the  university  libraries,  supplemented 
by  lectures  on  legal  bibliography.  Recorded 
use  of  books  was  855,910  (185,253  outside 
use).  620  volumes  were  borrowed  from  27 
institutions,  400  loaned  to  65. 

Cornell  Univ.  L.  G.  W.  Harris,  Ibn.  (Rpt. 
—  year  to  Je.  30,  1912.)  Accessions  14,491; 
total  4O9',7oo.  "It  appears  that  the  average  ac- 
cessions of  a  year  require  at  least  1600  feet  of 
shelving."  Reference  and  dept.  use  86,187; 
home  30,560.  Registrations:  officers  433,  stu- 


dents 601,  special  21.  Inter-library  loan:  bor- 
rowed 115,  lent  274.  Volumes,  maps,  pam- 
phlets cataloged  12,135,  for  which  13,892  cards 
were  written,  1914  L.  C.  cards  used. 

Haverhill  (Mass.)  P.  L.  J.  G.  Moulton, 
Ibn.  (37th  rpt— 1911.)  Net  accessions  2735; 
total  97,000.  Circulation  186,959  (fiction  66 
per  cent.).  New  registration  1849;  total  17,- 
543.  Expenditures  $20,590  (library  salaries 
$8304;  books  $3174;  binding  $1094). 

Passaic  (N.  J.)  P.  L.  H.  Elizabeth  White, 
Ibn.  (24th  rpt.— year  to  Je.  30,  1912.)  Ac- 
cessions 3879;  total  31,545.  Circulation  213,- 
613.  Expenditures  $12,897  (books  $2993; 
binding  $731;  salaries  $5645;  lighting  $712). 

Books  are  scattered  throughout  the  city  in- 
stead of  being  centrally  grouped.  "That  this 
scheme  of  scattering  the  books  among  the 
people  ...  is  a  good  one  for  Passaic  is  shown 
by  the  fact  that,  although  the  expense  of  the 
library  to  the  city  is  n  cents  less  per  capita 
than  in  the  average  American  city,  the  circu- 
lation per  capita  is  30  per  cent,  above  the 
average  circulation."  "That  our  foreign  bor- 
rowers are  rap;dly  becoming  English  readers 
contradicts  the  contention  of  many  librarians 
that  the  use  of  books  in  a  foreign  language 
retards  the  progress  of  our  foreign  popula- 
tion in  becoming  American  citizens."  "The 
second  year  of  the  high  school  library  has 
proved  the  wisdom  of  placing  it  under  the 
public  library  as  well  as  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion." The  year  has  been  one  of  improve- 
ment within  the  library  rather  than  innova- 
tion. 

Peace  Dale,  R.  /.  Narragansett  L.  Assoc. 
Gertrude  Whittemore,  Ibn.  Net  accessions 
426;  total  13,837.  Circulation  25,909.  New 
registrations  144;  total  1896. 

Portland  (Me.)  P.  L.  Alice  C.  Furbish, 
Ibn.  (23d  rpt— 1911.)  Net  accessions  157 
(withdrawn  1408)  ;  total  66,518.  Circulation 
94,109.  New  registration  2976;  total  9184, 
Expenditures  $12,269. 

Providence  (R.  /.)  Aihenceum  L.  Grace  F. 
Leonard,  Ibn.  (77th  rpt.  —  submitted  S.  23, 
1912.)  Net  accessions  916;  total  77,723.  Cir- 
culation 63,082.  A  notable  acquisition  was  the 
Holder  Borden  Bowen  library  of  about  2000 
volumes,  devoted  mostly  to  history. 

Traverse  City  (Mich.}  P.  L.  Alice  M.  Wait, 
Ibn.  (8th  rpt. — year  to  Ap.  30,  1912.)  Acces- 
sions 719;  total  11,006.  Circulation  30,291. 
Expenditures  $3701. 

U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture  L.  Claribel  R. 
Barnett,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  — year  to  Je.  30,  1912.) 
Accessions  9122;  total  122,043.  Books  bor- 
rowed 70,655.  6405  books  were  borrowed  from 
other  libraries,  61  being  from  libraries  outside 
of  Washington.  Books  loaned  outside  city  620. 

Spent  for  books  and  serials  $7257,  period- 
icals $3690,  salaries  (main  lib.)  $27,848,  bind- 
ing $9506.  An  account  of  the  "Relation  of  the 
library  to  the  agricultural  colleges  and  ex- 


January,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY   JOURNAL 


57 


periment  stations"  and  "Historical   sketch  of 
the  library"  is  included  in  this  report. 

Washington,  D.  C.,  District  of  Columbia 
P.  L.  G.  F.  Bowerman,  Ibn.  (i4th  rpt.  —  year 
to  Je.  30,  1912.)  Net  accessions  11,603;  total 
144,476.  Circulation  650,527  (fiction  58  per 
cent.).  Registration  15,223;  total  45,047.  Ex- 
penditures $63,000  (salaries  $41,300;  books 
$7500;  binding  $3500). 

During  the  year,  158  agencies  for  book  cir- 
culation were  used,  the  station  in  the  central 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  having  done  especially  good 
(volunteer)  service,  with  11,476  circulation. 
Branch  libraries  are  strongly  urged  in  the 
report,  and  several  pages  are  devoted  to  the 
reduced  and  inadequate  appropriation  of  Con- 
gress, especially  for  the  Tacoma  Branch, 
which  has  resulted  in  a  crippling  of  adequate 
service.  A  table  of  26  cities,  by  population, 
shows  Washington  having  a  lower  per  capita 
expenditure  for  public  libraries  than  20  of 
these.  4000  volumes  had  a  circulation  of  45,- 
336  in  the  grammar  schools.  In  the  reference 
department,  pamphlet  material  has  been  sys- 
tematically collected  and  rendered  available. 
2i  different  organizations  held  64  public  meet- 
ings, with  attendance  of  11,459.  16  organiza- 
tions held  187  meetings  ;  no  attendance  figures. 

ENGLISH 

Bury  (Eng.)  County  Borough  L.  H.  Town- 
end,  Ibn.  (nth  rpt.  —  year  to  O.  9,  1912.) 
Total  volumes  23,608.  Circulation  :  adult, 
school  libraries,  35,264.  Total  registration, 
61,651;  juvenile,  17,322;  reference,  14,338; 
5605. 

Leeds  (Eng.)  P.  Libs.  T.  W.  Hand,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.  —  year  to  Mr.  31,  1912.)  Accessions 
10,587;  total  305,240.  Circulation  1,415,910 
(loss  over  1911,  67,533).  Registration  33,663. 


an& 


AGRICULTURE.  Mass.  Agric.  College  Bull.,,  S., 
'12.  Recent  books  for  the  farm  home.  Am- 
herst,  Mass.  4  p.  8°,  pap. 

AGRICULTURE.  Univ.  of  Mo.,  Bull.,  Ap.,  '12. 
Books  for  farmers  and  farmers'  wives.  22 
p.  8°,  pap. 

—  Univ.  of  Mo.  Bull.  Partial  bibliography 
and  index  of  the  publications  of  the  College 
of  Agriculture  and  the  Agricultural  Ex- 
periment Station.  Columbia,  Mo.  19  p.  8°, 
(Lib.  ser.)  pap.,  gratis. 

ALSACE-LORRAINE.  Baer,  Jos.  Alsatica,  El- 
sass-Lothringen  zum  Teil  aus  der  Biblio- 
theke  des  Archivrats  Dr.  Heino  Pfannen- 
schmid  in  Colmar.  Frankfurt  a.  M.  8°,  pap. 
(No.  604;  2705  titles.) 

AMERICAN  HISTORY.  Rare  American  history, 
the  library  of  the  late  Willis  Gaylord  Moore 
and  of  a  well-known  Philadelphia  collector, 
embracing1  state,  county  and  town  history, 
Indian  history,  genealogies—  first  editions.  N. 
Y.,  Freeman-Henkels.  (No.  1072;  817  lots.) 


AMERICAN  HISTORY  AND  GEOGRAPHY.  N.  Y.  P. 
L.  American  history  and  geography;  a 
short  list  of  books  for  boys  and  girls  of  the 
fifth,  sixth  and  seventh  school  grades.  2  p. 
16°,  pap.,  gratis. 

AMERICANA.  Lange,  Otto.  Biblioteca  Ameri- 
cana. Pt.  i,  Periodicals,  general  history, 
U.  S.,  Canada,  voyages,  cartography.  Flor- 
ence, Italy.  8°,  pap.,  gratis.  (No.  25;  1301 
titles.) 

Lange,  Otto.     Biblioteca  Americana.     Pt. 

2,  America  Central  y  Meridional.  8°,  pap. 
(No.  26;  1388  titles.) 

McClurg,  A.  C.     Catalog  of  Americana; 

extensive  collection  of  books  relating  to 
early  discoveries,  the  Indian,  the  various 
states,  Canada,  Mexico,  settlement  and  de- 
velopment of  the  west,  etc.  Chic.,  8°,  pap. 
(No.  40;  1196  titles.) 

ARCHITECTURE.  Hiersemann,  Karl  W.  Alte 
Architekturwerke,  Garten-architektur,  Buch- 
ornamentik,  Kalligraphie,  etc.  Leipzig.  8°, 
pap.  (No.  412;  564  titles.) 

ART.  Henderson,  Helen  Weston.  The  art 
treasures  of  Washington.  Bost,  L.  C.  Page, 
c.  16+308  p.  (3  p.  bibl.)  pis.  8°,  (Art  gal- 
leries of  America.)  $3. 

Rapilly,    G.      Catalogue    de    livres    d'art, 

anciens  et  modernes.  Paris,  8°,  pap.  (No. 
123;  4352  titles.) 

ARTISTS,  American.  Wash.,  D.  C.,  P.  L.  Con- 
temporary American  artists.  21  p.  16°,  pap. 

BIOLOGY.  Bigelow,  Maurice  Alpheus.  Teach- 
ers' manual  of  biology;  a  handbook  to  ac- 
company the  "Applied  biology"  and  the 
"Introduction  to  biology."  N.  Y.,  Macmil- 
lan.  9+113  p.  (bibls.)  il.  12°,  40  c. 

BOOKS  AND  READING.  Cleveland  P.  L.  Reading 
lists  for  special  days,  formerly  published  as 
Nos.  1-8  of  the  Sunday-school  holiday  series. 
Minneapolis,  H.  W.  Wilson,  fn.  5+148  p. 
16°,  25  c, 

—  Dowd,  Mary  H.,  and  Winchell,  F.  Mabel., 
comps.     Home  reading  for  high  school  pu- 
pils.   N.  H.,  Manchester.  64  p.  16°,  10  c. 

—  N.  Y.  State  Education  Dept.  Bull.    Divi- 
sion of  School  Libs.    An  annotated,  graded, 
classified   and   priced   list   of   books   suitable 
for  elementary  school  libraries,   with  some 
suggestions  in  regard  to  the  use  of  school 
libraries.    Albany,  N.  Y.     pp.  3-65.  8°,  pap., 
gratis. 

Pollard,  Alfr.   W.     Fine  books.     N.   Y, 

Putnam.  15+331  P-  (10  p.  bibl.)  pis.  4°, 
(Connoisseur's  lib.;  ed  by  Cyril  Davenport.) 
$7.50. 

Severance,  H.  Ormal.  Books  for  farm- 
ers and  farmers'  wives.  Columbia  Mo., 
Univ.  of  Mo.,  Bull.  22  p.  8°,  (Lib.  ser.)  pap., 
gratis. 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


BOOKS,  FOREIGN.  Toronto  P.  L.  A  list  of 
books  printed  in  languages  other  than  Eng- 
lish, which  may  be  found  in  the  central  cir- 
culation library  of  the  Toronto  P.  L.  42  p. 
8°,  pap. 

BURLINGAME,  Anson.  Williams,  F.  Wells. 
Anson  Burlingame  and  the  first  Chinese  mis- 
sion to  foreign  powers.  N.  Y.,  Scribner.  c. 
370  p.  (8  p.  bibl.)  por.  8°,  $2. 

BURNS,  Rob.  Carlyle,  T.  Carlyle'si  Essay  on 
Burns,  with  poems  and  songs ;  ed.  by  Sophie 
C.  Hart.  N.  Y.,  Holt.  33+io8  p.  (3  p.  bibl.) 
pors.  il.  16°,  (English  readings  for  schools.) 
25  c.' 

BYRON,  LORD.  Fuess,  Claude  Moore.  Lord 
Byron  as  a  satirist  in  verse.  N.  Y.,  [Lemcke 
&  B.]  c.  11+228  p.  (5  P-  bibl.)  12°,  $1.20. 

CATHOLIC,  Literature.  Baer,  Jos.  Theologia 
Catholica.  Fiinfter  Teil :  Kirchengeschichte 
I.  A.-L.  Frankfurt  a.  M.  8°,  pap.  (No. 
606;  2667  titles.) 

Benziger  Bros.  Catalog  of  Catholic  books 

in  English  now  in  print  in  America  and 
Europe.  New  York.  183  p.  8°,  bds. 
Aims  to  give  titles  of  books  Catholic  in  con- 
tents, books  by  Catholic  authors  not  Catholic 
in  contents  being  omitted.  Supplements  are  to 
be  issued.  Contents:  author  and  subject  in- 
dex, the  latter  subdivided  under  doctrine,  in- 
struction, etc.;  theology,  philosophy,  etc.;  his- 
tory and  biography;  sermons;  novels,  etc.; 
juveniles.  23  plates  of  portraits  (15  to  a 
plate)  are  included. 

Cleveland  P.  L.  Books  by  Catholic  au- 
thors; a  classified  list,  comp.  and  annotated 
by  Emile  Louise  Haley.  4+232  p.  12°,  pap., 
40  c. 

CHEMISTRY.  Hawk,  Philip  Bovier.  Practical 
physiological  chemistry;  a  book  designed 
for  use  in  courses  in  practical  physiological 
chemistry  in  schools  of  medicine  and  sci- 
ence. 4th  ed.,  rev.  and  enl.  Phil.,  Blakis- 
ton.  c.  20+475  P-  (bibls.)  8°,  $2.50. 

CHILD  LABOR.  Copper,  E.  N.  Child  labor  in 
city  streets.  N.  Y.,  Macmillan.  c.  9+280  p. 
(<?/2  p.  bibl.)  16°,  $1.25. 

CHILD  STUDY.  Dark  Univ.  L. ;  comp.  Bibl.  of 
child  study  for  1910-11.  Wash.,  Gov.  Pr. 
Off.  8°,  pap.  (No.  498;  1910  titles.) 

CHILDREN'S  READING.  Brooklyn  Institute  of 
Arts  and  Sciences,  Children's  Museum. 
Some  nature  books  for  mothers  and  chil- 
dren in  the  Children's  Museum  Library;  a 
brief  annotated  list  of  helpful  nature  study. 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  8  p.  8°,  pap.,  gratis. 

Dayton    (O.)    P.    L.    Museum.     Manual 

containing  a  graded  list  of  800  of  the  best 
books  for  children  to  be  found  in  the  li- 
brary; good  books  to  read  aloud;  German 


books ;  stories  to  tell  to  children  and  library 
information  for  teachers.  3d  ed.  56  p.  8°, 
pap. 

. Herbert,  Clara  W.,  comp.  Children's 

books  for  Sunday  school  libs.;  a  select  list 
recommended  for  parents,  teachers  and 
public  school  libs.  48  p.  12°,  25  c. 

N.  Y.  P.  L.  Holiday-  books  for  boys  and 

girls.  22  p.  16°,  pap. 

N.  Y.  P.  L,     Journeys  to  foreign  lands; 

a  short  list  of  books  for  boys  and  girls  of 

the  fifth,  sixth  and  seventh  school  grades. 

5  p.  16°,  pap. 
St.  Louis  P.  L.  Bull,  N.,  '12.    Books  to 

buy  for  children,    pp.  417-421,  8°,  pap. 

Springfield  (Mass.)  City  L.    Some  books 

for  boys  and  girls.  6  p.  16°,  pap. 
CHURCH.     Smith,   S.  G.     Democracy  and  the 

church.    N.  Y.,  Appleton.  c.  15+356  p.  (4  P- 

bibl.)  $1.50. 
CITY  PLANNING.    Brockton  P.  L.    List  on  city 

planning  and  allied  subjects.   Bulletin,  Apr.- 

Je.,    1912.     Brockton,   Mass.   pp.    14-16.   8°, 

pap. 
CONSERVATION.   Indiana  State  L.,  Bull.,  S.,  '12. 

A  guide  to  the  study  of  conservation.  12  p. 

8°,  pap. 

COUNTRY  LIFE.  Fiske,  G.  W.  The  challenge 
of  the  country;  a  study  of  country  life  op- 
portunity. N.  Y.,  Assn.  Press,  c.  13+283  p. 
(6  p.  bibl.)  12°,  75  c. ;  pap.,  50  c. 

DOMESTIC  SCIENCE.  Furst,  Mrs.  Mary  Louise 
O'Neil.  A  syllabus  of  household  manage- 
ment. N.  Y.,  Teachers'  Col.,  Columbia 
Univ.  c.  'n.  24  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (Teachers' 
Col.,  Columbia  Univ.,  Technical  education 
bull.)  pap.,  10  c. 

DRAMA.  Nottingham  (Eng.)  F.  P.  Libs.  The 
drama  and  Shakespeare.  20  p.  12°,  pap. 

DROOD,  Edwin.  Nicoll,  Sir  W.  Robertson, 
["Claudius  Clear,"  pseud.]  The  problem 
of  Edwin  Drood;  a  study  in  the  methods 
of  Dickens.  [N.  Y.,  Doran.]  18+212  p.  (7 
p.  bibl.)  pi.  8°,  $1.25. 

DRY  FARMING.  Mont.  Agric.  Coll.  Circular, 
My.,  '12.  Dry  farm  bibl.  and  list  of  pubs, 
of  interest  to  the  homeseeker,  settler  and  in- 
vestor; issued  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
way. Bozeman,  Mont.,  pp.  50-2.  8°,  pap. 

EDUCATION.  Armand  Colin.  Education-en- 
seignement.  Paris,  89  p.  8°,  pap. 

Grand  Rapids  P.  L.  Bull,,  O.,  '12.  A 

selection  of  works  on  education  added  to 
the  library  in  the  last  decade,  pp.  126-131, 
4°,  pap. 

Froebel,  Friedrich  Wilhelm  August.  Froe- 

bel's  chief  writings  on  education ;  rendered 
into  English  by  S.  S.  F.  Fletcher  and  J. 
Welton.  N.  Y.,  Longmans.  20+246  p.  (4  p. 
bibl.)  (Education  classics.)  $1.25. 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


59 


Illinois    State    Teachers'    Assn.,    County 

Superintendents'  Sec.  Course  of  study  for 
the  common  schools  of  111.;  rev.  by  the 
Standing  Committee  on  State  Course  of 
Study.  Taylorville,  111.,  C.  M.  Parker.  288 
p.  (22  p.  bibl.)  il.  8°,  30  c. 

List  of  publications  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau 

of  Educ.  available  for  free  distribution. 
Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.,  Bull.  Sept., 
'12.  37  p.  8°,  pap. 

Louisville   (Ky.)  F.  P.  L.     Education;  a 

selected  list  of  books,  with  annotations.  19 
p.  16°,  pap. 

McFarland,  Raymond.  High  school  teach- 
ers' professional  lib.  Middlebury,  Vt,  Coll. 
Bull,  Oct.,  'ii.  16  p.  8°,  pap. 

Robbins,  C.  Leonidas.  Teachers  in  Ger- 
many in  the  i6th  century;  conditions  in 
Protestant  elementary  and  secondary  schools. 
N.  Y.,  Teachers'  Coll.,  Columbia  Univ.  126 
p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (Contributions  to  educa- 
tion.) $i. 

ELECTRICITY.  Van  Nostrand,  D.  Catalog  of 
books  on  electricity,  classified  by  subjects. 
New  York.  66  p.  8°,  pap. 

ENGINEERING.  American  Society  of  Mechan- 
ical Engineers.  List  of  periodical  sets  of 
Library  Engineering  Societies,  1913.  New 
York.  55  p.  16°,  pap. 

ENTOMOLOGY.  Hooker,  W.  Anson,  and  others. 
The  life  history  and  bionomics  of  some 
North  American  ticks.  Wash.,  D.  C.,  Gov. 
Pr.  Off.  239  p.  (10  p.  bibl.)  maps,  tabs.,  pis. 
8°,  (U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agric.,  Bu.  of  Entomol- 
ogy, bull.)  pap. 

ERASMUS.  The  Bibliotheque  Nationale  has 
just  published  a  catalog  of  the  works  of 
Erasmus  of  136  columns. 

EUROPEAN  HISTORY.  American  Historical  Assoc. 
Check-list  of  collections  relating  to  Euro- 
pean history.  Princeton,  N.  J.,  Univ.  Lib. 
114  p.  8°,  bds. 

FINE  ARTS.  Baer,  Jos.  &  Co.  Catalogue  of 
books  on  fine  arts,  including  architecture, 
applied  art,  decoration,  sculpture,  sepulchral 
art,  stained  glass,  furniture,  textiles,  etc. 
Frankfurt-a.M.  8°,  pap.,  gratis.  (No.  603; 
3690  titles.) 

FIRE  PREVENTION  AND  INSURANCE.  American 
School  of  Correspondence,  Chicago.  Cy- 
clopedia of  fire  prevention  and  insurance;  a 
general  reference  work.  4  v.  Chic.,  Am. 
Sch.  of  Corn  c.  (bibls.)  il.  pors.  pis.  plans, 
tabs.,  diagrs.,  8°,  $15.80. 

FLORIDA.  Rhodes,  Harrison  and  Dumont, 
Mary  Wolfe.  A  guide  to  Florida  for  tour- 
ists, sportsmen  and  settlers;  with  a  chapter 


on  the  inland  waterways  from  New  York  to 
Key  West;  3  maps  and  numerous  illustra- 
tions. N.  Y.,  Dodd,  Mead.  456  p.  (n  p. 
bibl.)  16°,  $2.25. 

FORESTRY.  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agric.  L.,  Bull, 
O.,  '12.  Catalog  of  pubs,  relating  to  for- 
estry. 301  p.  8°,  pap. 

FRATERNITIES.  Baird,  W.  Raimond.  Baird's 
manual  of  American  college  fraternities; 
a  descriptive  analysis  of  the  fraternity  sys- 
tem in  the  colleges  of  the  United  States, 
with  a  detailed  account  of  each  fraternity. 
7th  ed.  N.  Y.,  [The  author,  271  Broadway.] 
c!  13+810  p.  (15  p.  bibl.)  il.  12°,  $2.50. 

FRENCH  REVOLUTION.  Lenotre,  G.  Tragic 
episodes  of  the  French  Revolution  in  Brit- 
tany; tr.  by  H.  Havelock.  N.  Y.,  Scribner. 
7+348  p.  (3  p.  bibl.)  8°,  $4.20. 

GEOLOGY.  Gregory,  J.  Wa.  The  making  of  the 
earth.  N.  Y.,  Holt.  c.  8+256  p.  3^  p.  bibl.) 
16°,  (Home  univ.  lib.  of  modern  knowl- 
edge.) 50  c. 

GERMAN  CITIES.  Schoningh,  Ferdinand. 
Deutsche  Stadte  und  Lande;  die  Bibliothe- 
ken  der  Herren  Doebner  and  others.  Osna- 
briick.  12°,  pap.  (No.  141;  1399  titles.) 

GERMAN  LITERATURE.  Chicago  (111.)  P.  L. 
List  of  German  books  added  to  the  Chic. 
P.  L.  since  1909.  2  p.  8°,  pap. 

GONZAGA,  Giulia.  "Hare,  Christopher,"  pseud. 
A  princess  of  the  Italian  Reformation, 
Giulia  Gonzaga,  1513-1566;  her  family  and 
friends.  N.  Y.,  Scribner.  24+291  p.  (5  p. 
bibl.)  pors.  8°,  $2.50. 

GREEK  AND  LATIN  LITERATURE.  Anderton, 
Basil,  and  Turnbull,  T.  E.  Catalog  of  books 
concerning  the  Greek  and  Latin  classics  in 
the  Central  P.  Libs.,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne., 
Newcastle  P.  L.  14+269  p.  il.  4°. 

HOUSEHOLD  MANAGEMENT.  Furst,  Mrs.  Mary 
Louise  O'Neil.  A  syllabus  of  household 
management.  N.  Y.,  Teachers'  Coll.,  Colum- 
bia Univ.  24  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (Technical 
education,  bull.)  pap.,  10  c. 

HUMANE  IDEA.  Rowley,  Fs.  H.  The  humane 
idea;  a  brief  history  of  man's  attitude  tow- 
ard the  other  animals.  Bost.,  Am.  Humane 
Educ.  Soc.  c.  72  p.  (^/2  p.  bibl.)  12°,  25  c. 

HUMANISMUS.  Halle,  J.  Zur  Geschichte  des 
Humanismus.  Munich.  8°,  pap.  (No.  45; 
953  titles.) 

HYGIENE.  Talbot,  Marion.  House  sanitation; 
a  manual  for  housekeepers.  Bost.,  Whit- 
comb  &  Barrows,  c.  8+116  p.  (3  p.  bibl.) 
12°,  80  c. ;  pap.,  50  c. 

HYGIENE,  City.  N.  Y.  P.  L.  Bull,  O.,  '12. 
List  of  works  on  city  wastes  and  street  hy- 
giene, pp.  731-783,  4°,  pap. 


6o 


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[January,  1913: 


INDUSTRIAL  HYGIENE. — American  Labor  Leg- 
islation Review,  June,  1912,  is  devoted  to  a 
symposium  on  industrial  diseases.  Pages  369- 
417  are  devoted  to  an  annotated  bibliography 
on  industrial  hygiene.  The  titles  are  arranged 
under  two  general  headings :  first,  American 
titles,  and,  second,  titles  other  than  American. 
This  bibliography  should  prove  extremely 
useful  for  libraries  in  cities  where  the  subject 
of  occupational  diseases  is  beginning  to  re- 
ceive considerable  attention. 

IMPEACHMENT.  U.  S.,  Bu.  of  Bibl.  Select 
list  of  references  on  impeachment;  com- 
piled under  the  direction  of  the  chief  bib- 
liographer, ist  ed.,  Appleton-Prentiss  Clark 
Griffith ;  2d  ed.,  with  additions,  by  Hermann 
H.  B.  Meyer.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off. 
38  p.  4°,  pap.,  10  c. 

INDIANS.  Newberry  P.  L.  Pubs.  Narratives 
of  captivity  among  the  Indians  of  North 
America ;  list  of  books  and  mss.  on  this 
subject  in  the  Edw.  E.  Ayer  collection  of 
the  Newberry  L.  Chic.,  c.  9+120  p.  8°,  pap. 

INDUSTRIES.  N.  Y.  P.  L.  Great  industries  of 
America;  short  list  of  books  for  boys  and 
girls  on  lumbering,  mining,  cattle  ranching, 
etc.,  for  the  seventh  and  8th  grades  and 
high  school  students.  2  p.  12°,  pap. 

INSECTS.  O'Kane,  Wa.  C.  Injurious  insects; 
how  to  recognize  and  control  them.  N.  Y., 
Macmillan.  c.  114-414  p.  (8^  bibl.)  il.  12°, 
$2. 

INSURANCE.  Dunham,  Howard  P.,  comp  and 
ed.  The  business  of  insurance;  a  text-book 
and  reference  work,  covering  all  lines  of 
insurance;  written  by  eighty  eminent  ex- 
perts. 3  v.  N.  Y.,  Ronald  Press  Co.  (bibls.) 
plan,  forms  (i  fold.),  8°,  $12.50. 

INTEMPERANCE.  Partridge,  G.  Everett.  Stud- 
ies in  the  psychology  of  intemperance.  N. 
Y.,  Sturgis  &  W.  c.  275  p.  (3  p.  bibl.)  12°,  $i. 

ITALIAN  COMEDY.  Smith  Winifred.  The  corn- 
media  dell'  arte;  a  study  in  Italian  popular 
comedy.  N.  Y.,  Lemcke  &  B.  c.  15+290  p. 
(25  p.  bibl.)  front.  8°,  (Columbia  Univ. 
studies  in  English  and  comparative  litera- 
ture.) $2. 

ITALIAN  LITERATURE.  New  York  P.  L.  Cata- 
logo  dei  libri  Italiani  che  travansi  presso  il 
dipartimento  di  circolazione.  31  p.  8°,  pap. 

ITALY.  Sedgwick,  H.  Dwight.  Italy  in  the 
thirteenth  century.  In  2  v.  Bost,  Houghton 
Mifflin.  c.  10+440;  395  p.  (13^  p.  bibl.) 
map,  fronts.  8°,  $5. 

Sully,  Ja.     Italian  travel   sketches;   with 

il.    by    P.    Noel    Boxer.      N.    Y.,    Scribner. 
10+326  p.  (6  jf.  bibl.)  8°,  $2. 

JESUS  CHRIST.  Zwemer,  Rev.  S.  Marinus.  The 
Moslem  Christ;  an  essay  on  the  life,  char- 
acter and  teaching  of  Jesus  Christ,  accord- 
ing to  the  Koran  and  orthodox  tradition. 


N.  Y.,  Am.  Tract  Soc.  198  p.  (3^  p.  bibl.) 
il.  facsim.  12°,  $i. 

LEPIDOPTERA.  Junk,  W.  Lepidoptera.  Berlin 
W.  15  p.  8°,  pap.,  gratis.  (No.  44;  57 
titles.) 

LITURGY.  Rosenthal,  Ludwig.  Bibliotheca 
liturgica.  Pt.  I.— Agendas,  Antiphonaria, 
Breviaria,  Horae,  Missalia,  Officia,  etc. 
Miinchen.  8°,  pap.  (No.  150;  719  titles.) 

LONDON.  Edwards,  Fs.  Catalog  of  books  re- 
lating to  London  and  environs ;  including 
a  portion  of  the  library  of  the  late  John  E. 
Gardner,  Esq.  London,  W.  8°,  pap.,  gratis. 
(691  titles.) 

MAINE.  A.  J.  Huston.  List  of  books  re- 
lating to  the  state  of  Maine.  Portland,  Me. 
25  p.  8°,  pap. 

MARINERS.  Spears,  J.  Randolph.  Master  mar- 
iners. N.  Y.,  Holt,  c.  256  p.  (3  p.  bibl.)  16°.. 
(Home  univ.  lib.  of  modern  knowledge.) 
50  c. 

MARITIME  HISTORY.  Nijhoff,  Martinus..  La. 
marine,  iere  partie;  archivalia,  bibliog- 
raphic, encyclopedies,  histoire  maritime,  etc. 
La  Haye.  8°,  pap.  (No.  391 ;  1282  titles.) 

MATHEMATICS.  Bowes  &  Bowes.  Catalog  of 
books  on  the  mathematics  pure  and  applied; 
earlier  periods,  histories,  dictionaries,  works 
of  reference.  Cambridge,  Eng.  8°,  pap. 
(No.  362;  1774  titles.) 

Liebisch,   Bernhard.     Mathematik;    Kon- 

gresse ;  Logarithmentaf  eln  ;  Unterricht ; 
Versicherungsmathematik.  Leipzig.  81  p. 
8°,  pap. 

MEDICINE.  Blair,  Vibray  Papin.  Surgery  and 
diseases  of  the  mouth  and  jaws;  a  practical 
treatise ;  with  384  il.  St.  Louis.,  C.  V.  Mos- 
by  Co.  c.  25+638  p.  (11  p.  bibl.)  il.  8°,  $5, 

Cofer,  Leland  E.  A  word  to  ship  cap- 
tains about  quarantine;  an  open  letter  to- 
ship  captains.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off. 
19  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  il.  8°,  (U.  S.  Public 
Health  and  Marine-Hospital  Service,  Pub- 
lic health  bull.)  pap. 

Lavinder,  Claude  H.     Pellagra;  a  precis. 

Rev.  ed. ;  prepared  by  direction  of  the  sur- 
geon-general, F.  29,  '12;  il.  Wash.,  D.  C. 
Gov.  Pr.  Off.  37+4  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  diagrs., 
8°,  (U.  S.  Treas.,  Dept.  Public  Health  and 
Marine  -  hospital  Service  of  the  United 
States.) 

Medical     Literature     Committee     of    the 

Committee  on  Public  Health.  Education 
among  women.  List  of  books  on  the  pre- 
vention of  disease.  Chic.,  Amer.  Med.  Assn. 
14  p.  8°,  pap. 

Rosenau,     Milton    Jos.      The    immunity 

unit  for  standardizing  diphtheria  antitoxin 
(based  on  Ehrlich's  normal  serum.)  Offi- 
cial standard  prepared  under  the  act  ap- 


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61 


proved  July  i,  1902.  2d  ed.  Wash.,  D.  C, 
Gov.  Pr.  Off.  92+7  p.  (8  p.  bibl.)  il.  8°. 

—  Williams,  J.  Whitridge.  Obstetrics;  a 
text-book  for  the  use  of  students  and  prac- 
titioners. 3d  enl.  and  rev.  ed. ;  with  16  plates 
and  668  il.  in  the  text.  N.  Y.,  Appleton.  c. 
977  p.  (bibls.)  il.  (partly  col.)  pis.  (partly 
col.)  8°,  $6. 

MEN  AND  RELIGION   FORWARD   MOVEMENT.      Mes- 

sages  of  the  Men  and  Religion  Move- 
ment; including  the  revised  reports  of  the 
commissions  presented  at  the  Congress  of 
the  Men  and  Religion  Forward  Movement, 
April,  1912;  with  the  principal  addresses. 
7  v.  N.  Y.,  Assoc.  Press,  c.  (bibls.)  chart. 
12°,  $4- 

MILK.  Rosenau,  Milton  Jos.  The  milk  ques- 
tion. Bost,  Houghton  Mifflin.  c.  14+309  p. 
(5  p.  bibl.)  8°,  $2. 

U.   S.     Treas.  Dept.,  Public  Health  and 

Marine-hospital  Service  of  the  U.  S.s  Hy- 
gienic Laboratory.  Milk  and  its  relation  to 
the  public  health;  rev.  and  enl.  ed.  of  Bull. 
No.  41  (by  various  authors.)  2d  ed.  Wash., 
D.  C.  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  830+7  p.  (bibls.)  il. 
pis.  diagrs.  8°. 

MUNICIPAL  GOVERNMENT.  Springfield  (Mass.) 
P.  L.  List  of  books  and  articles  on  com- 
mission form  of  municipal  government. 

MUNICIPAL  HISTORY.  New  York  P.  L.  List 
of  city  charters,  ordinances  and  collected 
docs.  Pt.  I.  pp.  631-719.  4°,  pap. 

Music.  Carnegie  L.  of  Pittsburgh  Bull.,  O., 
'12.  List  of  music  scores,  pp.  436-508.  c.  8°, 
pap. 

NEGRO.  Olbrich,  Emil.  The  development  of 
sentiment  on  negro  suffrage  to  1860;  a  the- 
sis. Madison,  Wis.,  Univ.  of  Wis.,  Bull. 
35  P.  (6^  p.  bibl.)  (History  ser.)  8°,  pap., 
25  c. 

NETHERLANDS.  Van  Stockum's  Antiquariat. 
Catalogue  d'une  collection  de  pamphlets 
ayant  rapport  a  I'histoire,  le  commerce  les 
guerres  par  terre  et  par  mer  des  Pays-Bas. 
Partie  2.  —  Pamphlets  historiques  publics 
pendant,  1560-1609,  avec  supplement:  Alle- 
magne,  Angleterre,  Espagne,  France,  etc. 
La  Haye.  50  p.  8°,  pap. 

NEW  TESTAMENT.  Bacon,  B.  Wisner,  D.D. 
The  making  of  the  New  Testament  N.  Y., 
Holt.  c.  6+7-256  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  16°,  (Home 
univ.  lib.  of  modern  knowledge.)  50  c. 

NEWSPAPERS,  English.  Ellis.  Winter  catalog, 
'i2-'i3;  containing  an  unique  collection  of 
English  newspapers,  1620-21 ;  earlier  than 
hitherto  known;  first  London  directory, 
1677,  etc.  London,  W.,  12°,  pap.  (No.  743; 
575  titles.) 

NOVELISTS,  English.  Cooper,  Frederic  Taber. 
Some  English  story  tellers;  a  book  of  the 


younger  novelists.     N.   Y.,   Holt.   c.  464  p. 
(39  P-  bibl.)  pors.  12°,  $1.60. 

OREGON  LEGISLATION.  Eaton,  Allen  H.  The 
Oregon  system;  the  story  of  direct  legisla- 
tion in  Oregon ;  a  presentation  of  the  meth- 
ods and  results  of  the  initiative  and  refer- 
endum and  recall  in  Oregon;  with  studies 
of  the  measures  accepted  or  rejected;  and 
special  chapters  on  the  direct  primary,  pop- 
ular election  of  senators,  advantages,  de- 
fects and  dangers  of  the  system.  Chic.,  Mc- 
Clurg.  c.  8+195  P-  (7  P.  bibl.)  12°,  $i. 

ORNITHOLOGY.  Junk,  W.  Ornithologia.  Ber- 
lin, W.  15  p.  8°,  pap.  (No.  45;  3413  titles.) 

PANAMA  CANAL.  Riverside  (Cal.)  P.  L. 
Bull.  Panama  Canal;  an  old  way  to  Cali- 
fornia made  new.  16  p.  16°,  pap.,  10  c. 

PATIENCE  ;  a  West  Midland  poem  of  the  four- 
teenth century;  ed.,  with  introd.,  bibliog- 
raphy, notes  and  glossary,  by  Hartley  Bate- 
son.  N.  Y.,  Longmans.  8+149  p.  (3^2  p. 
bibl.)  12°,  (Manchester  Univ.  pubs.,  Eng- 
lish ser.)  $1.50. 

PATRIOTS.  Carnegie  L.  of  Pittsburgh.  Pa- 
triots; a  reading  list  for  boys  and  girls. 
Bulletin,  Jl.,  1912.  pp.  362-371.  8°,  pap. 

PEDAGOGY.  Burnham,  W.  H.,  ed.  Bibliograph- 
ies on  experimental  pedagogy.  Worcester, 
Mass.,  Clark  Univ.  48  p.  O.  (Clark  Univ. 
L.  pubs.)  pap.,  50  c. 

PERSIA.  Harrassowitz,  Otto.  Persian;  das 
Hochland  von  Iran  und  de  Kaukasus  Ver- 
gleichende  indogermanische  Sprachwissen- 
schaft,  Politische,  Religions,  etc.  8°,  pap. 
(No.  352;  2542  titles.) 

PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS.  Philippine  L.  Bulls. 
List  of  works  in  the  Filipiniana  division 
relating  to  the  study  of  the  bibl.  of  the 
Philippine  Islands.  Pts.  I.  and  II.  Manila, 
pp.  14-16;  27-32,  4°,  pap. 

PHILOLOGY.  Fox,  W.  S.  The  Johns  Hopkins 
tabellae  defixionum.  Bait.,  Johns  Hopkins 
Press.  68  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  pis.  facsims.  8°, 
$1.25 ;  pap.,  75  c. 

Hartmann,  Jacob  Wittmer.  The  gongu- 

hrolfssaga;  a  study  in  old  Norse  philology. 
N.  Y.,  Lemcke  &  B.  12+116  p.  (5^2  p. 
bibl.)  8°,  (Columbia  Univ.  Germanic  stud- 
ies.) pap.,  $i. 

Klincksieck,  C  Philologie  classique; 

histoire  et  archeologie,  Grecques  et  Ro- 
maines;  livres  anciens.  8°,  pap.  (No.  6; 
2183  titles.) 

PHILOSOPHY.  Benn,  Alfr.  W.  History  of 
ancient  philosophy.  N.  Y..  Putnam.  5+ 
205  p.  (3*/2  p.  bibl.);  pors.  16°,  (History  of 
the  sciences.)  75  c. 

Liebisch,     Bernhard.       Philosophic     und 

Psychologic.     Leipzig.  170  p.  8°,  pap. 


62 


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[January,  1913 


PHYSIOLOGY.  Ransom,  Brayton  Howard,  and 
Hall,  Maurice  Crowther.  The  action  of  an- 
thelmintic  on  parasites  located  outside  of 
the  alimentary  canal.  Wash.,  D.  G.,  Gov.  Pr. 
Off.  23  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (U.  S.,  Dept.  of 
Agric.,  Bu.  of  Animal  Industry,  bull.)  pap. 

POETRY,  American.  Bronson,  Wa.  Cochrane, 
comp.  and  ed\  American  poems  (1625- 
1892)  ;  selected  and  edited,  with  illustrative 
and  explanatory  notes,  and  a  bibliography. 
Chic.  Univ.  of  Chic.  c.  18+699  p.  (20  p. 
bibl.)  12°,  $1.50. 

POLITICAL  ECONOMY.  Liebisch,  Bernhard.  Na- 
tional 6konomie.  Leipzig.  153  p.  8°,  pap. 
(No.  209.) 

PORTOLAN  CHARTS.  Anderson  Auction  Co. 
Portolan  charts  of  the  XV,  XVI  and  XVII 
centuries;  collected  by  the  late  Dr.  Thdr. 
Jules  Ernest  Hamy,  of  Paris,  etc.  N.  Y. 
4°,  pap. 

PORT-ROYAL.  Rea,  Lilian.  The  enthusiasts  of 
Port-Royal;  with  12  illustrations.  N.  Y., 
Scribner.  14+354  P-  (7  P-  bibl.)  8°,  $3. 

PORTRAITS.    Poole,  Mrs.  Reginald  Lane,  comp. 
Catalogue  of  portraits  in  the  possession  of 
the  university,   colleges,   city  and  county  of 
Oxford,     v.    i.      Oxford,    Clarendon    Press. 
xxxi+278  p.  il.  8°,  $4.15. 
This  first  volume  includes   the  portraits   in 
the  university  collections  and  in  the  town  and 
county   halls,    with   37    full-page   plates,    com- 
prising  reproductions   of   81    portraits.      It   is 
the  outcome  of  the  labors  of  a  committee  of 
the  Oxford  Historical  Society.     A  description 
of  the  collections  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  Ash- 
molean  Museum  and  Town  Hall  is  included  in 
the  introduction.     The  portraits  are  cataloged 
as  far  as  possible  in  the  chronological  order 
of  the  deaths  of  the  subjects,  and  are   fully 
described. 

PRINTING.     International  Association  of  Anti- 
quarian Booksellers.     Catalogue  of  an  exhi- 
bition  of  books,   broadsides,   proclamations, 
portraits,  autographs,  etc.,  illustrative  of  the 
history  and  progress  of  printing  and  book- 
selling in  England,  1477-1800.     London,    216 
p.  8°,  pap.  (12-29  titles.) 
An  exhibition  held  at  Stationers'  Hall,  June 
25-29,    1912.     Books   are   arranged   under   the 
names     of    printers,    as    nearly    as    possible, 
chronologically,  taking  the  dates  of  the  earliest 
production   of   each  press   as  a  guide.     Brief 
remarks    are   occasionally   added   to   items   on 
the  contents,  woodcuts  or  bindings.     Index  to 
printers,  publishers  and  booksellers  is  included. 

PROTOZOA.  Minchin,  E.  A.  An  introduction 
to  the  study  of  the  protozoa;  with  special 
reference  to  the  parasitic  forms.  N.  Y., 
[Longmans.]  11+520  p.  (29  p.  bibl.)  il.  8°, 
$6. 


PSYCHOLOGY.  Dessoir,  Max.  Outlines  of  the 
history  of  psychology;  auth.  tr.  by  Donald 
Fisher.  N.  Y.,  Macmillan.  c.  29+278  p.  (8 
p.  bibl.)  12°,  $1.60. 

Fernald,  Mabel  Ruth.     The  diagnosis  of 

mental  imagery.  Princeton,  N.  J.,  Psycho- 
logical Review  Co.  4+169  p.  (7  p.  bibl.)  8% 
(Psychological  Review  publications;  the 
psychological  monographs.)  pap.,  $1.50. 

PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS.  N.  Y.  P.  L.  Bull.,  Nov., 
'12.  List  of  city  charters,  ordinances  and 
collected  documents,  pp.  799-871.  4°,  pap. 

RAILROAD  FINANCE.  Cleveland,  F.  Alb.,  and 
Powell,  Fred  Wilbur.  Railroad  finance.  N. 
Y.,  Appleton.  c.  15+462  p.  (76^  P-  bibl.) 
8°,  $2.50. 

RAMUS,  Peter.  Graves,  Fk.  Pierrepont.  Peter 
Ramus  and  the  educational  reformation  of 
the  sixteenth  century.  N.  Y.,  Macmillan.  c. 
11+226  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  por.  12°,  $1.25. 

RECREATIONS  AND  AMUSEMENTS.  Rockford 
(111.)  P.  L.  Bull,  O.,  '12.  List  of  books  on 
school  recreations  and  amusements.  136  p. 
4°,  pap. 

RELIGION.  Barbour,  Clarence  A.,  D.D.,  ed. 
Making  religion  efficient.  N.  Y.,  Assn.  Press, 
c.  271  p.  (42  p.  bibl.)  12°,  $i. 

Y.    M.    C.    A.      International    Committee. 

Principles   and   methods    of  religious    work 

for  men  and  boys.    Atlantic  City  ed.    N.  Y.,. 

Assn.   Press,   c.   171   p.    (18  p.  bibl.)    front. 

8°,  75  c. 
RELIGION    AND    PHILOSOPHY.      Luzac    &    Co. 

Oriental  religion  and  philosophy   (including 

Buddhism).      London.       12°,     pap.,     gratis. 

(No.  10 ;  364  titles.) 

ROADS.     Washington    State  L.,  comp.  Select 

list   of  references  on  roads;    comp.  for  the 

Intra-high  school  debate,  1912-1913.  Olym- 
pia,  Wash.  41  p.  16°,  pap.,  gratis. 

ROME.  Rappaport,  C.  E.  Roma  aeterna. 
Rome.  8°,  pap.  (No.  27;  706  titles.) 

RUSSIA.  Goodrich,  Jos.  King.  Russia  in  Eu- 
rope and  Asia ;  with  33  il.  from  photographs. 
Chic.,  McClurg.  c.  10+302  p.  (7  p.  bibl.) 
12°,  (World  to-day  ser.)  $1.50. 

SAN  FRANCISCO.  Eldredge,  Zoeth  Skinner. 
The  beginnings  of  San  Francisco,  from,  the 
expedition  of  Anza,  1774,  to  the  city  charter 
of  April  15-  1850;  with  biographical  'and 
other  notes.  2  v.  (26  p.  bibl.)  San  Fran- 
cisco, [The  author.]  pis.  (i  fold.)  pors.  maps 
(partly  fold.),  plans,  8°,  $7. 

SCHOOL  AND  COLLEGE  STORIES.  Worcester 
(Mass.)  F.  P.  L.  Bull.,  O.-N.,  '12.  Selected 
list  of  school  and  college  stories,  pp.  27-32. 
12°,  pap. 


January,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


SCIENCE.  Breckenridge,  Ja.  Miller.  Some  al- 
loys of  calcium;  a  thesis.  Madison,  Wis., 
Univ.  of  Wis.,  Bull.  37  P-  (3^  p.  bibl.)  8°, 
(Engineering  ser.)  pap.,  25  c. 

-  Wakeman,  Nellie.  The  monardas ;  a  phy- 
tochemical  study.  Madison,  Wis.,  Univ.  of 
Wis.,  Bull.  84  p.  (6  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (Science 
ser.)  pap.,  20  c. 

Liebisch,  Bernhard.  Physik  und  Astron- 
omic. Leipzig.  98  p.  8°,  pap. 

Sociological.  Edwards,  Fs.  Catalogue 

of  works  on  anthropology,  ethnology,  prim- 
itive society,  etc.;  also  mythology  and  folk- 
lore, including  a  portion  of  the  library 
of  Sir  H.  H.  Risley.  London,  W.  8°,  pap., 
gratis.  (705  titles.) 

SHORT  STORY.  Lieberman,  Elias.  The  Amer- 
ican short  story;  a  study  of  the  influence  of 
locality  in  its  development.  Ridgewood, 
N.  J.,  Editor  Co.  c.  16+183  p.  (&/2  p.  bibl.) 
12°,  $i. 

SOCIAL  PROGRESS.  Ogg,  Frederic  Austin.  So- 
cial progress  in  contemporary  Europe.  N. 
Y.,  Macmillan.  c.  7+384  p.  (20  p.  bibl.) 
12°,  $1.25. 

SOCIOLOGY.  Dealey,  Ja.  Quayle.  The  family 
in  its  sociological  aspects.  Bost,  Houghton 
Mifflin.  c.  4+137  P-  (3  P.  bibl.)  12°,  75  c. 

Metcalf,  H.  Clayton.  Industrial  and  so- 
cial justice;  trial  outline  and  bibliography. 
Tufts  College,  Mass.,  Tufts  Coll.  Press,  c. 

12  p.  12°,  3O  C. 

SPANISH  LITERATURE.  Baer,  Jos.  Literatura  y 
lengua  Espafiola  y  Portuguesa  obras  raras 
en  estas  lenguas,  dialectos,  impressos  del 
siglo  xv.  Frankfurt  a.  M.  8°,  pap.  (No. 
608;  1268  titles.) 

SPECIAL  LIBRARIES.     Meyer,  H.   H.  B.,   comp. 

Select  list  of  references  on  special  libraries. 

Boston,   Special   Libs.,   p,    172-176,   8°,   pap. 

(No.  8.) 
TAPESTRIES.     Hunter,  G.  Leland.     Tapestries; 

their  origin,  history  and   renaissance;   with 

4  il.  in  color  and  147  half-tone  engravings. 

N.  Y.,  J.  Lane.  c.  438  p.  (22  p.  bibl.)  8°,  $5. 

TAYLOR,  Samuel  Coleridge.  The  complete  po- 
etical $  works  of  Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge, 
including  poems  and  versions  of  poems  now 
published  for  the  first  time;  ed.,  with  bibli- 
ographical notes,  by  Ernest  Hartley  Cole- 
ridge. N.  Y.,  Oxford  Univ.  16+492;  8+496 
+1198  p.  (54  P-  bibl.)  8°,  $5.25. 

TECHNICAL  BOOKS.  Pratt  Institute  F.  L.  Tech- 
nical books  of  1911;  a  selection.  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  26  p.  16°,  pap.,  gratis. 

TEXTILES,  Household.  Gibbs,  Charlotte  Mitch- 
ell. Household  textiles.  Bost.,  Whitcomb  & 
Barrows,  c.  8+243  p.  (5  p.  bibl.)  il.  12°, 
$1.25. 

THEOLOGY.  Baer,  Jos.,  &  Co.  Theologia  Cath- 
olica.  pt.  3,  Jus  Canonicum;  pt.  4,  Homi- 


letik  und   Mystik.     8°,  pap.     (Nos.  570-71; 
1432;  2460  titles.) 

TRANS-ALLEGHENY  REGION.  Alvord,  Clarence 
Walwprth,  and  Bidgood,  Lee.  The  first  ex- 
plorations of  the  trans-Allegheny  region  by 
the  Virginians,  1650-1674.  Cleveland,  O., 
A.  H.  Clark  Co.  c.  275  p.  (8  p.  bibl.)  fac- 
sims.,  maps,  8°,  $4. 

UNITED  STATES.  Dept.  of  Commerce  and  La- 
bor, Bu.  of  Standards.  Publications  of  the 
Bureau  of  Standards.  3d  ed.  Wash.,  D.  C., 
Gov.  Pr.  Off.  44  p.  4°,  pap. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA.  Publications  of 
the  University  of  California,  S.,  1911.  Berke- 
ley, Bull.  48  p.  12°,  pap.,  gratis. 

USEFUL  ARTS.  Norwich  (Eng.)  P.  L.  readers' 
guide.  Classified  catalog  of  works  on  the 
useful  arts.  pp.  175-202.  8°,  pap.,  id. 

VIVES.  Vives,  Juan  Luis.  Vives  and  the  Ren- 
ascence education  of  women;  ed.  by  Foster 
Watson.  N.  Y.,  Longmans.  15+259  p.  (3 
p.  bibl.)  12°,  (Educ.  classics.)  $1.25. 

WALES.  Cardiff  (Wales)  Central  L.  A  rec- 
ord of  books  in  Welsh  or  relating  to  Wales. 
14  p.  8°,  pap.  (No.  29.) 

WEST  (The).  Coman,  Katharine.  Economic 
beginnings  of  the  far  west ;  how  we  won  the 
land  beyond  the  Mississippi.  2  v.  N.  Y.,  Mac- 
millan. c.  19+418;  9+450  p.  (48  p.  bibl.) 
8°,  $4. 

WOMAN.  McMahon,  Theresa.  Women  and 
economic  evolution;  or,  the  effect  of  indus- 
trial changes  upon  the  status  of  women;  a 
thesis.  Madison,  Wis.,  Univ.  of  Wis.  131 
p.  (6l/2  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (Economics  and  polit- 
ical science  ser.)  pap.,  25  c. 

Dumot5  anfc  Blunders 

AS  OTHERS   SEE 

A  young  woman,  employed  in  a  hat  factory, 
whose  custom  was  to  borrow  two  books,  se- 
lected but  one,  saying,  "I  will  only  take  one 
to-night,  as  I  am  going  to  church,  and  I  don't 
want  to  go  in  looking  like  a  librarian." 

OUR    CHILDREN 

Child  to  attentive  librarian:  "Please  let  me 
have  the  'Blue  jay'  by  Meadow  Link;  also, 
'The  Lavendar  dress  trimmed  with  old  lace.' " 

Child  to  embarrassed  librarian :  "Have  you 
got  'A  sweetheart  for  somebody'?  Me  brother 
wants  it." 

Small  child  to  astonished  librarian:  "Here's 
the  liberry  books  me  brother  had  out,  and  he 
wants  you  to  stop  his  circulation." 

HOLMES'    COOK    BOOK 

Housewife  to  librarian  :  "I  am  returning  the 
'Autocrat  of  the  breakfast  table.'  No,  I  didn't 
care  for  it  very  much.  I  thought  it  was  a 
cook  book  when  I  took  it  out." 


64 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  1913 


PLAYING    SAFE 

Bulletin  posted  by  a  prophetic  and  ingen- 
ious librarian  over  a  collection  of  books : 
"Books  by  our  next  President."  The  collec- 
tion included  books  by  all  three  candidates. 

PROPHECY 

New  York  Post  prophesies  that  some  day 
in  a  dictionary  we  shall  read  as  follows : 

Carnegie — A  building  used  to  house  books, 
so  called  for  a  rich  steel  manufacturer  who 
gave  many  library  buildings  to  the  world. 

PSYCHOLOGICAL    INDEXING 

The  following  entries  were  copied  exactly 
from  the  index  to  "The  history  of  the  church 
in  Burlington,  N.  J.,"  by  the  Rev.  G.  M.  Hills, 
D.D.,  ed.  2,  Trenton,  N.  J.,  1885: 

Door  open 83 

Ears    tingle 281 

Flame,    Congregation     in 104 

Great    weight    removed 612,  617 

More   work 174 

Not    much   progress 104 

Not   the    queen's    fault 89 

Somebody   must    answer 84 

Straying  sheep   return 273 

Vigorous    letter 376 

Widow,   Weeds  of 731 

Wig 289 

INFORMATION   WANTED 

The  following  is  a  letter  received  by  a  col- 
lege president  in  the  east  recently  from  a 
clergyman  in  Iowa,  unknown  to  him.  The 
president  referred  the  gentleman  to  the  near- 
est public  library: 

DEAR  FRIEND:  I  am  trying  to  prepare  a  lecture 
on  the  greatness  of  the  United  States.  I  would 
like  to  have  you  or  any  other  member  of  the  faculty 
kindly  suggest  to  me  the  best  book  on  each  of  the 
following  series:  The  United  States  is  great  spirit- 
ually, morally,  intellectually,  aesthetically,  his\tori- 
cally,  geographically,  scientifically,  industrially,  com- 
mercially, financially,  economically,  politically,  legally 
—  in  law  —  internationally  —  in  its  international  re- 
lations—  socially,  domestically  —  comforts  in  the 
home  —  the  American  family  lives  more  comfortably 
than  any  other  family  in  any  country.  This  may  be 
a  little  confusing,  but  I  want  to  treat  the  subject 
fully.  Thanking  you  in  advance,  I  remain, 
Yours  sincerely, 

Communications 

COLLEGE  VIEWS 
Editor  Library  Journal: 

The  Columbia  University  Library  is  mak- 
ing a  collection  of  views  of  universities  and 
colleges,  and  would  be  glad  to  receive  views 
of  other  universities  or  colleges,  especially  of 
American  colleges  before  1825,  in  exchange 
for  views  of  Columbia  University.  Address 
the  librarian  of  Columbia  University,  New 
York  City. 

W.  DAWSON  JOHNSTON. 

MISLEADING  PUBLICATION 
Editor  Library  Journal: 

The  weekly  publication  entitled  Aero  is 
selling  what  purports  to  be  a  book  entitled 
"How  to  design  a  modern  aeroplane,  with 
designs  for  a  speed  monoplane  and  a  weight- 
carrying  biplane,"  by  E.  R.  Armstrong.  In 


reality,  the  book  consists  of  the  numbers  of 
the  Aero  from  January  to  March,  1912,  oc- 
cupying from  two  to  two  and  one-half  pages 
in  each  number  of  the  "book."  Aero  sells 
for  ten  cents  a  number.  The  "book"  sells  for 
$1.25.  It  is  very  cheaply  bound  in  tar  boards. 

SULA  WAGNER, 

Chief  of  Catalog  and  Order  Dept., 
St.  Louis  P.  L. 

PUBLICATIONS    FOR    FREE   DISTRIBUTION 

THE  following  pamphlets  in  the  Brown 
University  Library  are  offered  for  free  dis- 
tribution to  other  libraries  as  long  as  the 
stock  holds  out. 

H.  L.  KOOPMAN,  Librarian. 

History  of  higher  education  in  R.   I.,  by  W.  H.  Tol- 

man,    U.     S.     Bureau    of    Education.      Circular    of 

Information,    no.    i,    1894. 
Life  and   services   of    Rev.    Alexis   Caswell,   by   J.    L. 

Lincoln. 

Ezckiel    Gilman    Robinson,    a    memorial 
John    Whipple   Jenks.   by   R.    A.    Guild. 
Life  and  character  of  Moses  Brown  Ives,  by  Francis 

Wayland. 
Life    and    character    of    Hon.    Nicholas    Brown,    by 

Francis   Wayland. 

Memorial  exercises  in  honor  of  Albert  Harkness,  1907. 
Dedication  of  John  Hay  Library,  Brown  University. 
John  Hay,  scholar  and  statesman,  by  Joseph  Bucklm 

Bishop. 

THE  executive  office  of  the  A.  L.  A.  has 
received  from  Mr.  W.  I.  Fletcher  copies  of 
his  address,  "The  public  library  in  its  moral 
and  religious  aspect,"  Boston,  1882.  18  pages. 
A  copy  will  be  sent  free  to  any  address  on 
receipt  of  2  cents  for  postage  until  the  sup- 
ply is  exhausted.  Address  American  Library 
Association,  78  East  Washington  street,  Chi- 
cago, 111. 

SPECIAL  BIBLIOGRAPHIES 
Editor  Library  Journal: 

QUITE  possibly  it  has  not  come  to  your  no- 
tice that  the  journal,  Progress,  Civics,  Social 
and  Industrial,  published  by  the  British  Insti- 
tute of  Social  Service,  quarterly,  London, 
price  6d.,  contains  an  admirable  bibliography 
of  books  relating  to  its  special  topic,  arranged 
in  the  order  of  separate  publications  and  arti- 
cles on  social  topics  from  current  periodicals 
covering  all  languages. 

Yours  truly, 

WILLIAM  BEER. 

Oltbran?  Calenfcar 

JANUARY 
i.     Sp.  Libs.  Assoc.  and  Boston  Co-op.  Inf. 

Bureau,  Boston. 

9.  N.  Y.  L.  Club  and  L.  I.  L.  Club,  Ethical 
Culture  Building,  2  W.  64th  street,  3 
p.m. 

10.    Rochester  Dist.  L.  Club. 
13.     Penn.  L.  Club,  Widener  Br.,  8 130  p.m. 
23.     Mass.  L.  Club,  Medford. 


F.  28-Mr.  i.    Joint    meeting,    Penn.    L.    Club, 
N.  J.  L.  Assoc.,  Atlantic  City. 


bfttfbl?  &&I    ,  ;      ;L.  J  '    -,V 

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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


VOL.  38 


FEBRUARY,   1913 


No.  2 


THE  Hotel  Kaaterskill,  overlooking  the 
Hudson  River  from  the  heights  where  Rip 
Van  Winkle  slept  his  historic  sleep,  has  been 
determined  upon  as  the  place  for  the  A.  L.  A. 
conference  of  1913,  as  the  proposed  choice  of 
Eagle's  Mere  became  impracticable  when  the 
proprietor  of  the  leading  hotel,  after  election 
to  Congress,  lost  interest  in  the  A.  L.  A.  pro- 
posal. The  meeting  will  be,  as  usual,  in  the 
last  week  of  June,  and  the  location,  within 
easy  reach  of  librarians  from  all  the  eastern 
states,  should  bring  large  delegations  from 
the  eastern  centers.  It  is  to  be  hoped,  how- 
ever, that  the  charm  of  the  locality  and  other 
considerations  may  entice  large  representa- 
tion from  the  West  and  South  as  well,  and 
make  the  conference  of  1913  one  of  the  ban- 
ner conferences. 

The  Atlantic  City  meeting,  the  last  of  Feb- 
ruary, will,  as  usual,  bring  together  librarians 
from  other  states  as  well  as  from  New  Jer- 
sey and  Pennsylvania,  and  its  program  offers 
attractive  addresses  from  several  speakers 
outside  library  professions. 

AT  the  New  Year  meetings  in  Chicago, 
which  were  unusually  successful  through  the 
kindlier  treatment  of  the  clerk  of  the  weather, 
the  large  attendance  of  one  hundred  and 
thirty-four  representatives  from  eighteen 
states  and  two  Canadian  provinces,  and  the 
general  interest  evoked,  the  most  important 
subject  discussed  was  the  relation  of  the 
library  to  the  municipality,  especially  in  view 
of  the  commission  plan  for  municipal  govern- 
ment. It  was  hoped  that  Mr.  Bostwick's  com- 
mittee could  make  a  definite  report  which 
could  be  passed  upon  by  the  council  and  sub- 
mitted to  the  association,  laying  down  the 
principles  which  the  library  profession  be- 
lieves should  be  applied  to  the  municipal  situ- 
ation. Perhaps  it  is  too  much  to  expect  that 
there  will  or  can  be  an  entire  agreement  on 
this  subject,  and,  indeed,  situations  will  de- 
velop so  definitely  in  different  municipalities 
that  a  comprehensive  rule  would  scarcely  ap- 
ply. It  was  disappointing,  however,  that  the 
committee  had  not  made  further  progress,  in 
view  of  the  vogue  of  the  commission  plan 
and  the  injury  that  may  be  caused  to  library 


development  by  the  subordination  of  libraries 
under  it  to  other  interests.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  at  the  A.  L.  A.  conference  of  1913  the 
committeee  will  report,  if  not  definite  recom- 
mendations, at  least  outlines  or  alternatives, 
and  will  also  make  the  position  of  the  library 
profession  clearly  felt,  in  any  event,  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  submergence  of  library  interests. 


THE  commission  plan  is  only  one  instance 
of  an  increasing  distrust,  if  not  dislike,  of 
legislative  bodies,  whether  a  legislature,  a 
board  of  aldermen  or  a  library  board,  in  the 
present  temper  of  the  American  people.  There 
are,  perhaps,  two  reasons  for  this  impatience 
— one  the  bad  record  which  many  legislative 
bodies  have  made  for  carelessness  or  corrup- 
tion; the  other  the  desire  to  get  things  done 
by  a  real  executive,  unhampered  by  control 
or  advice.  But  the  wise  course,  after  all,  is 
that  balancing  of  function  and  powers  for 
which  the  fathers  provided  in  the  Constitu- 
tion of  these  United  States,  and  which  recog- 
nizes the  principle  that  one  man  alone  is  not 
as  strong  and  as  safe  as  one  man  with  the 
help  of  intelligent  and  efficient  counsellors. 
The  library  profession  has  necessarily  devel- 
oped strong  executives  as  municipal  library 
systems  have  become  great  and  complex;  but 
even  in  great  industrial  corporations  a  board 
of  directors  which,  from  its  varied  experi- 
ence and  with  its  advice,  helps  and  does  not 
hamper  the  executive,  is  a  gain  to  the  strong- 
est executive,  unless  he  is  self-willed  and 
dominant  to  the  extent  of  resenting  its  help- 
fulness as  interference.  The  library  board  of 
trustees  should,  we  think,  continue  to  be  a 
feature  of  library  administration,  therefore, 
in  municipal  as  well  as  in  other  libraries,  for 
only  thus  can  the  best  results  be  assured. 


THERE  is,  of  course,  danger  that  the  board 
may  be  perverted  either  into  "innocuous  desue- 
tude," or,  on  the  other  hand,  assume  undue 
dominance.  A  board  of  trustees  which  does 
nothing,  gives  no  advice,  and  holds  only  nom- 
inal relationship  with  the  library  and  the  li- 
brarian, beyond  filling  a  vacancy  in  that  post, 
is  of  no  use  to  anybody.  A  library  board 


66 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


which  seeks  to  dominate  the  situation,  espe- 
cially through  a  cabal  of  a  few  active  mem- 
bers, who  seek  to  take  the  place  of  the  libra- 
rian, is  much  worse  than  useless.  This  latter 
abuse  is  perhaps  most  frequent  in  self-perpet- 
uating bodies,  and  it  is  to  be  noted  that  in 
the  Queens  Borough  system  the  state  legisla- 
ture is  taking  a  hand  in  changing  the  method 
of  board  appointment.  The  final  outcome  of 
the  Queens  Borough  agitation  may  furnish, 
indeed,  a  happy  example  of  a  successful  en- 
deavor to  make  the  proper  balance  between 
an  active  board  and  an  efficient  and  respon- 
sible executive,  which  is  exemplified  elsewhere 
in  the  metropolis. 

THE  commission  plan,  as  presented,  involves 
two  dangers  to  the  municipal  library — one  the 
likelihood  of  its  subordination  in  the  hands 
of  a  commissioner  who  has  other  interests 
more  or  less  cognate  as  his  main  business, 
and  the  other  the  abolition  of  an  advisory,  if 
not  controlling,  board  of  trustees.  These 
dangers  are  not  necessarily  part  of  the  com- 
mission plan,  and  possibly  the  best  service 
the  A.  L.  A.  can  do  is  to  point  out  the  fact 
that  a  good  system  of  library  government  is 
not  incompatible  with  the  commission  form 
of  municipal  administration.  The  commis- 
sioner under  whom  the  library  is  placed 
should  be  responsible  for  it,  for  this  is  the 
gist  of  the  commission  plan;  but  the  library 
should  be  grouped  with  other  interests  of  an 
educational  character,  in  association,  and  not 
in  subordination.  It  would  seem  desirable 
that  the  commissioner  should  have  the  advice 
of  a  board  of  trustees,  to  whom  possibly  the 
choice  of  a  librarian  and  other  questions  of 
administration  should  be  referred,  whether 
with  power  or  only  for  advisory  purposes. 
Whatever  the  degree  of  power  given  to  such 
a  board,  its  decisions  or  recommendations  will 
probably  be  effective  in  proportion  to  their 
practical  wisdom,  if  the  commissioner  is  the 
man  he  should  be;  and  thus  the  best  advan- 
tages of  strong  executive  government  and 
associated  experience  may  be  conjoined.  On 
some  such  lines  as  these,  the  advice  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  may  be  determinant  in  adapting  the 
commission  plan  to  the  library  situation  in 
municipalities. 


THE  library  profession  suffers  a  great  loss 
in  the  death  of  Charles  C.  Soule,  for,  although 


never  a  librarian,  he  has  been  one  of  the  most 
active  and  effective,  as  well  as  beloved,  mem- 
bers of  the  A.  L.  A.  since,  as  trustee  of  the 
Brookline  Public  Library,  he  joined  it  in 
1879.  In  later  years,  although  he  retained 
his  presidency  of  the  Boston  Book  Com- 
pany, he  had  given  less  attention  to  business 
matters  and  gave  himself  increasingly  to 
work  as  an  expert  adviser  on  library  archi- 
tecture. From  this  resulted  his  recently  pub- 
lished volume,  to  have  been  supplemented 
by  a  second  volume  of  illustrations  which 
he  had  largely  shaped  before  his  death. 
His  personal  geniality  and  his  kindling  devo- 
tion to  library  interests  were  the  basis  of  his 
important  relationships  with  the  A.  L.  A.  for 
thirty-three  years;  but  the  main  emphasis 
should  be  laid  on  the  fact  that  he  came  into 
these  relationships  as  a  layman,  and  to  a  cer- 
tain extent  had,  therefore,  an  outside  and 
different  point  of  view.  The  A.  L.  A.  will 
be  the  better  off  in  years  to  come  if  other 
trustees  come  into  the  field  and  emulate  the 
example  of  Mr.  Soule. 

THE  exhibition  of  the  book  industries  at 
Leipzig,  which  is  planned  for  1914,  as  to 
which  the  German  government  has  commu- 
nicated through  its  ambassador  with  our 
State  Department,  should  give  occasion  for  a 
good  representation  from  America  in  the  land 
of  scholarship,  in  which  libraries  are  just 
beginning  to  reach  the  people.  Unfortunate- 
ly, American  book  publishers  are  rather  slow 
to  recognize  obligation  to  participate  in  such 
exhibitions,  when  there  is  no  market  for 
their  publications ;  and  it  may  devolve  upon 
the  American  Library  Association,  in  coop- 
eration with  the  Library  of  Congress,  to  pre- 
sent some  adequate  exhibit  of  American 
books,  as  well  as  of  American  library  meth- 
ods. The  visit  of  Dr.  Schwenke  afforded 
practical  proof  of  the  desire  of  the  German 
library  profession  to  keep  step  with  America 
in  library  progress,  and  each  country  has 
much  to  learn  from  the  other  in  the  respec- 
tive directions  in  which  the  two  countries 
have  excelled.  There  is  a  practical,  as  well 
as  theoretical,  value  in  such  international  re- 
lations, for  in  respect  to  printed  catalog  cards 
alone,  American  libraries  should  ultimately 
profit  very  much  by  the  development  of  such 
a  system  as  that  of  which  Dr.  Schwenke  has 
made  himself  the  apostle  and  pioneer. 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


67 


INTER-LIBRARY  LOANS 


BY  FREDERICK  C.  HICKS,  Assistant  Librarian  of  Columbia   University 


OUTLINE 
Advantages. 
Extension  of  scope. 
Three  necessities: 

(1)  Bibliographical  information. 

(2)  Safety  in  transportation  and  indemnity 

for  loss. 

(3)  Financing  the  system. 

(a)  Cost: 

For  transportation. 

For  security  and  indemnity. 

For  administration. 

(b)  Distribution   of  cost. 

(c)  Accounting. 
Substitute  for  inter-library  loans. 

JUDGING  merely  by  statistics  of  the  use  of 
inter-library  loans  in  this  country,  our  prob- 
lem is  not  to  regulate  or  limit  this  use,  but  to 
increase  it.  The  largest  number  of  volumes 
lent  by  the  following  libraries  in  any  one  year 
is:  Columbia  University,  412;  Cornell  Univer- 
sity, 338;  Harvard  University,  1575;  Johns 
Hopkins,  43;  Princeton  University,  67;  Yale 
University,  222.  The  largest  figures  for  vol- 
umes borrowed  by  the  same  libraries  in  any 
one  year  are,  respectively,  620,  150,  56,  171, 
103,  136.  The  libraries  in  the  United  States 
making  the  largest  number  of  inter-library 
loans,  as  shown  by  available  records,  are  the 
Forbes  Library,  Northampton,  Mass.,  the  li- 
brary of  the  Surgeon  General's  Office,  and  the 
Library  of  Congress.  These  libraries  have 
lent  in  one  year  as  many  as  5000,  2000,  and 
1617  volumes,  respectively.  The  statement  that 
the  use  of  inter-library  loans  has  increased  50 
or  75  or  100  per  cent,  in  ten  years  loses  much 
of  its  force  when  we  realize  that  the  total 
annual  inter-library  lending  of  any  one  library 
can  usually  be  expressed  in  three  figures,  and 
that  during  the  same  period  the  number  of 
students  attending  colleges  and  universities  in 
the  United  States  has  increased  40  per  cent. 

Compare  with  these  figures  the  statistics  of 
inter-library  loans  in  Europe.  The  libraries 
of  Europe  borrow  and  lend  thousands  of  vol- 
umes while  we  exchange  hundreds.  The 
Royal  Library  of  Berlin  records  the  annual 

Rod  at  the  conference  of  Eastern  College  Libra- 
rians, New  York  City,  Nov.  30,  1912. 


loan  to  Prussian  libraries  alone,  during  a  pe- 
riod of  seven  years,  of  volumes  increasing  in 
number  from  11,920  to  28,499.  During  the 
same  period  additional  annual  loans  were  made 
to  other  libraries  of  the  world,  varying  in 
number  from  6500  to  12,459.  The  reports 
show  that  in  one  year  Strassburg  University 
lent  10,000  volumes;  Gottingen  University, 
6600  volumes;  and  Vienna  University,  6852 
volumes. 

European  libraries  long  ago  passed  through 
the  experimental  stage  in  the  lending  of  books 
by  one  library  to  another,  while  we  are  just 
beginning  to  experiment.  But  we  have  done 
enough  to  demonstrate  the  value  of  the  priv- 
ilege of  borrowing  and  lending,  and  to  show 
the  desirability  of  organizing  into  a  system  a 
function  thus  far  performed,  through  courtesy, 
by  voluntary  cooperation. 

ADVANTAGES 

To  the  scholar,  the  importance  of  a  system 
of  inter-library  loans  is  unquestioned.  Every 
university  librarian  can,  in  his  own  experience, 
give  proof  of  this  statement;  but  the  experi- 
ences of  an  American  scholar  in  Berlin  may 
perhaps  be  interesting.  "In  1905,  while  work- 
ing at  the  Royal  Library,"  said  he,  "I  wished 
to  see  thirty  books  not  to  be  found  in  Berlin. 
Through  the  Auskunfts  Bureau  I  learned  that 
by  visiting  the  Royal  libraries  in  Dresden  and 
Munich,  and  the  university  libraries  in  Bres- 
lau  and  Greiswald,  I  could  see  all  of  these 
books.  Instead,  I  asked  the  officials  of  the 
Berlin  library  to  borrow  them  for  me.  In  a 
week's  time  all  of  the  books  were  on  my  table 
at  the  Royal  Library,  and  I  was  privileged  to 
use  them  for  four  weeks,  the  total  expense  to 
me  being  12  marks.  In  addition  to  saving  time 
and  money  for  me,  this  system  enabled  me  to 
do  work  that  could  not  have  been  done  in  any 
other  way,  for  I  was  engaged  in  the  minute 
comparison  of  editions  and  texts." 

It  is  for  this  kind  of  service  that  university 
and  college  libraries  in  the  United  States  have 
chiefly  availed  themselves  of  inter-library 
loans.  As  has  been  well  said,  figures  give  no 
adequate  conception  of  the  importance  of  such 
service.  But  since  this  is  so,  may  we  not  have 
more  of  it?  One  of  the  most  searching  crit- 


68 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


icisms  of  university  libraries  is  that  they  pay 
most  money  for  the  books  that  they  use  least. 
Dr.  Richardson  has  estimated  "that  in  the 
case  of  three-fourths  of  the  books  that  have 
been  published,  one  to  four  copies,  somewhere 
in  America,  will  supply  every  reasonable  need, 
and  that  perhaps  not  more  than  one-tenth  of 
the  remainder  need  be  in  each  large  university 
library  doing  full  graduate  work."  Undoubt- 
edly our  libraries  need  more  books,  but  in  or- 
der to  justify  this  increase  the  books  which 
they  have  must  be  more  used. 

The  advantages  of  a  system  of  inter-library 
loans  have  often  been  reiterated,  such  as 
prompt  service,  enabling  a  library  to  provide 
a  book  sooner  than  if  it  were  purchased,  espe- 
cially in  the  case  of  out-of-print  books;  econ- 
omy in  service,  reducing  the  amount  of  money 
that  must  be  expended  for  books ;  economy  in 
cost  of  cataloging,  classifying  and  binding,  and 
in  shelf  room;  satisfaction  in  having  one's 
books  used,  in  serving  a  sister  institution,  and 
in  adding  prestige  to  one's  own  library.  The  ad- 
vantages evidently  are  mutual  when  two  libra- 
ries are  able  often  to  supplement  each  other's 
collections.  The  advantages  to  a  library  which 
is  continually  lending  to  a  library  which  has 
little  to  offer  in  return  are  not  so  apparent, 
but  they  exist  nevertheless  quite  apart  from 
the  satisfaction  of  service  well  rendered.  Re- 
quests from  small  libraries  for  the  loan  of 
books  often  disclose  to  large  libraries  the  ex- 
istence of  important  lacunae  in  their  collec- 
tions. In  the  library  of  Columbia  University 
a  request  for  the  loan  of  a  book  is  considered 
a  recommendation  for  purchase  if  the  book  is 
not  already  in  the  library.  Of  the  95  volumes 
requested  but  not  loaned  because  not  owned 
by  the  library  last  year  (1911-12),  it  was  found 
that  44  ought  to  have  been  in  the  library,  and 
they  were  recommended  for  purchase.  Sim- 
ilarly, 16  out  of  the  33  titles  asked  for  but  not 
loaned  thus  far  in  the  present  year  have  been 
recommended  for  purchase.  Inter-library  loan 
requests  serve  also  to  call  attention  to  the 
non-receipt  of  continuations  and  serials  which 
otherwise  might  be  overlooked  for  some  time. 

EXTENSION    OF    SCOPE 

If  I  am  right  in  thinking  that  the  advantages 
of  inter-library  loans  far  outweigh  their  dis- 
advantages, it  is  logical  to  suggest  not  only 
that  they  should  be  more  extensively  used, 
but  that  their  scope  should  be  extended.  The 


customary  statement  of  the  purpose  of-  inter- 
library  loans  is  that  they  are  intended  chiefly 
to  provide  for  the  unusual  need  of  serious 
students,  and  not  to  provide  books  which  theo- 
retically should  be  supplied  by  the  local  li- 
brary. Undoubtedly  the  supplying  of  books 
for  bona-fide  scholars  is  an  important  func- 
tion of  inter-library  loans.  But  unfortunately 
the  very  books  which  are  most  needed  for  this 
purpose  are  those  which  libraries  often  do  not 
now  feel  able  to  lend.  The  limitation  of  the 
scope  of  inter-library  loans  to  a  class  of  books 
which  often  cannot  be  lent  operates  also  to 
reduce  the  number  of  requests  for  books,  and 
therefore  the  amount  of  use.  Few  libraries 
refuse  to  lend  a  book,  when  asked  for,  simply 
because  it  does  not  come  within  the  scope  of 
such  loans  as  ordinarily  stated.  Would  it  not 
be  better,  therefore,  to  let  it  be  understood 
that  the  purpose  of  inter-library  loans  is  to 
supply  books  which  cannot  under  existing 
conditions  be  supplied  by  the  local  library,  and 
that  their  scope  is  limited  only  by  the  need  of 
the  borrowing  library,  and  the  ability  of  the 
lending  library  to  lend?  Necessarily,  the  abil- 
ity of  a  library  to  lend  varies  with  its  pur- 
pose and  scope.  What  is  the  usual  book  for 
one  library  is  not  the  usual  book  for  another. 
And  so  also  with  usual  and  unusual  needs. 
The  usual  book  and  the  usual  need  for 
a  public  library  are  quite  different  from 
the  usual  book  and  need  for  the  university 
library.  The  necessity  for  recognizing  a 
broader  principle  is  seen  when  it  is  applied  to 
libraries  of  unlike  character  and  scope,  as 
when  a  university  library  borrows  from  a 
public  library.  For  instance  last  year  Colum- 
bia University  borrowed  358  volumes  from 
the  New  York  Public  Library.  These  were 
usual  books,  easily  obtainable  in  the  market, 
and  needed  for  the  use  of  undergraduates. 
These  readers  were  not  serious  readers  in  the 
ordinary  sense  of  the  word;  but,  after  all, 
what  is  a  serious  reader?  Is  he  one  who 
reads  a  serious  book,  or  one  who  reads  seri- 
ously? Must  his  attitude  toward  the  book 
come  from  within,  or  be  imposed  on  him  by  a 
professor?  Must  he  read  for  the  purpose  of 
writing  a  dissertation  on  the  pluperfect  tense, 
or  is  he  entirely  frivolous  if  he  reads  because 
he  enjoys  good  literature?  Must  he  take  his 
pleasure  seriously,  or  worse,  be  engaged  in 
turning  out  a  book  so  serious  that  no  one  will 
read  it,  in  order  to  be  a  serious  reader? 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


69 


THREE    NECESSITIES 

It  may  fairly  be  contended  that  if  it  were 
known  libraries  had  adopted  a  liberal  policy, 
occasions  for  recourse  to  inter-library  loans 
would  vastly  increase.  And  with  this  increase 
three  needs,  insistent  enough  now,  would  be- 
come imperative.  These  three  needs  are  (i) 
More  information  as  to  the  location  of  books ; 
(2)  a  greater  measure  of  safety  in  the  trans- 
portation of  books,  and  indemnity  for  the  loss 
of  books;  and  (3)  provision  for  financing  the 
system.  If  these  three  needs  were  satisfied,  a 
library  to  which  application  was  made  by  an- 
other library  would  have  a  simple  practical 
question  to  decide,  namely,  Can  or  cannot  this 
book  be  spared? 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL    INFORMATION 

It  is  not  necessary  here  to  discuss  plans  for 
a  central  bureau  of  information,  nor  to  men- 
tion the  possibilities  of  development  in  union 
catalogs.  One  phase  of  the  problem  of  sup- 
plying information  concerning  the  location  of 
books,  however,  may  well  be  emphasized. 
There  has  recently  been  published  by  the 
United  States  Bureau  of  Education,  Bulletin 
number  23,  entitled  "Special  collections  in  li- 
braries in  the  United  States."  This  is  virtually 
a  new  edition  of  a  work  prepared  by  Messrs. 
Lane  and  Bolton,  and  issued  by  Harvard  Uni- 
versity in  1892.  It  is  necessarily  incomplete 
and  doubtless  contains  errors,  but  it  will  be  a 
valuable  aid  to  librarians  in  determining  where 
to  apply  for  the  loan  of  a  book.  Its  chief 
value,  however,  ought  to  be  to  serve  as  a  point 
of  departure  in  the  preparation  and  publica- 
tion of  union  lists  of  titles  on  numerous  spe- 
cial subjects.  It  has  already  served  as  the 
inspiration  for  at  least  one  such  list.  Observ- 
ing that  three  university  libraries  each  con- 
tained notable  collections  of  the  works  of 
William  Dunlap,  a  specialist  determined  im- 
mediately to  prepare  a  union  list  for  publica- 
tion. As  a  means  of  serving  scholars  and 
students,  I  suggest  that  hereafter  no  univer- 
sity shall  publish  a  catalog  of  its  works  on  a 
special  subject  without  giving  other  libraries, 
having  similar  collections,  an  opportunity  to 
unite  in  the  publication  of  a  union  list.  Often 
the  cost  to  any  one  library  would  be  reduced 
by  such  cooperation,  although  the  increased 
value  of  the  lists  as  a  basis  for  inter-library 
loans  would  justify  an  increased  expenditure. 


Safe  Transit  and  Delivery 
Granted  that  a  library  has  a  book,  and  that 
it  can  be  spared  for  the  use  of  another  library, 
the  next  question  to  answer  is,  Is  it  safe  to 
ship  that  book  by  mail  or  express  ?  With  rare 
books  and  unique  manuscripts  it  is  not  in- 
demnity for  loss,  but  certainty  of  safe  transit 
and  delivery  that  libraries  seek.  And  the 
measure  of  safety  that  will  satisfy  a  library 
may  be  quite  unrelated  to  the  marketable  value 
of  the  book.  The  nearest  approach  to  cer- 
tainty of  safe  transit  combined  with  indem- 
nity is  provided  by  the  express  companies 
when  the  declared  value  of  a  shipment  is  more 
than  fifty  dollars.  Such  shipments  are  handled 
with  as  much  care  as  if  they  were  currency. 
They  are  shipped  in  steel  safes,  and  their  pas- 
sage from  hand  to  hand  is  receipted  for.  To 
receive  this  treatment  the  actual  value  of  a 
book  need  not  be  more  than  fifty  dollars,  pro- 
vided payment  is  made  at  the  rate  for  pack- 
ages of  that  value.  In  other  words,  it  is  pos- 
sible to  pay  for  increased  security  without 
regard  to  the  question  of  indemnity  for  loss. 
By  this  method  the  possibilities  of  losing  or 
injuring  a  book  or  manuscript  are  reduced  to 
a  minimum,  and  I  suppose  that  in  some  cases 
such  books  are  more  safely  guarded  while  in 
the  hands  of  the  express  companies  than  when 
in  the  library  to  which  they  belong.  Trans- 
portation by  registered  mail  is  scarcely  less 
safe  than  shipment  by  express,  but  it  is  less 
serviceable  because  it  insures  indemnity  only 
in  case  of  total  loss.  Last  year  the  total 
losses  of  domestic  registered  letters  and  pack- 
ages were  only  one  in  47,178  pieces. 

Indemnity 

The  common  methods  of  obtaining  indem- 
nity for  loss  or  injury  to  books  in  transit  are 
by  postal  registration,  and  by  the  responsibil- 
ity of  common  carriers. 

There  is  no  redress  for5  the  loss  of  unregis- 
tered mail,  but  for  the  total  loss  of  domestic 
mail  of  the  third  class,  registered  at  a  cost  of 
ten  cents  a  package,  there  is  an  indemnity  of 
not  to  exceed  twenty- five  dollars.  There  is 
no  indemnity  for  injury  to  a  registered  pack- 
age. The  limit  of  indemnit}'  for  registered 
packages  lost  in  the  international  mail  is  50 
francs. 

Within  certain  financial  limits  the  express 
companies  are  liable  for  either  injury  or  loss 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


to  articles  entrusted  to  their  care.  Their  spe- 
cial rates  for  printed  books  apply  only  to  books 
valued  at  not  more  than  ten  dollars.  The 
limit  of  indemnity  on  books  shipped  at  regular 
merchandise  rates  is  $50.  In  order  to  make 
the  companies  liable  in  larger  sums,  a  mini- 
mum charge  of  ten  cents  for  each  $100  or  part 
thereof  is  made.  There  is  no  question  about 
the  payment  of  an  indemnity,  but  its  amount 
depends  first,  on  the  rate  paid,  and  second,  on 
the  actual  value  of  the  book.  This  value  is 
always  a  question  foil  proof,  and  the  tendency 
of  the  companies  is  to  contend  for  the  actual 
marketable  value  of  the  article. 

A  third  method  of  obtaining  indemnity  is  by 
commercial  insurance.  There  are  several  comr 
panics  which  issue  various  kinds  of  floating 
policies  covering  articles  in  transit,  and  they 
assure  indemnity  not  only  for  total  loss  from 
any  cause,  including  theft,  but  for  injury  to 
the  article  insured.  One  of  these  policies  is 
issued  in  the  form  of  a  book  containing  the 
contract  and  a  series  of  stubs  with  detachable 
coupons,  each  of  which  represents  a  prepaid 
premium  of  either  2r/2  cents  or  5  cents.  This 
is  known  as  a  parcels  post  policy,  and  it  covers 
only  articles  shipped  by  mail. 

By  means  of  these  coupons  the  following 
rates  of  insurance  can  be  obtained: 

Unregistered  mail  packages  valued  at  not  to 
exceed  $5,  $15,  $20  and  $30  may  be  insured 
for  2^,  5,  7^  and  10  cents,  respectively. 

Registered  mail  packages  valued  at  not  to 
exceed  $50,  $100,  $125  and  $150  may  be  in- 
sured for  2^2,  5,  jl/2  and  10  cents,  respectively. 

The  formalities  to  be  observed  are  these: 

(1)  on  each  coupon  used  the  shipper  writes 
or  stamps  his  name  and  the  date  of  mailing; 

(2)  on  the  corresponding  stub,  like  informa- 
tion is  placed,  together  with  the  valuation  of 
the  merchandise  mailed  and  the  name  and  ad- 
dress on  the  package;  (3)  the  coupon  is  then 
detached  and  enclosed  either  in  the  package 
with  the  merchandise  or  in  the  envelope  with 
the  invoice. 

Another  kind  of  floating  policy  applies  to 
all  other  means  of  transportation  except  the 
post,  and  it  covers  all  kinds  of  losses  and  in- 
juries to  merchandise.  The  policy  runs  for 
one  year,  and  the  limit  of  indemnity  and  the 
amount  of  the  annual  premium  are  based  on 
the  estimated  total  value  of  the  shipments  for 


the  year.  Several  libraries  might  take  out  a 
policy  jointly  covering  all  of  their  inter-library 
loans  for  the  year.  For  instance  if  the  total 
value  of  the  shipments  of  three  libraries  for 
one  year  amounted  to  $7500,  a  policy  would 
be  issued  to  them  for  $1000  at  an  annual  pre- 
mium of  $25.  Any  or  all  of  the  libraries 
would  then  be  indemnified  until  the  total 
amount  for  the  year  equalled  the  face  value 
of  the  policy.  In  order  to  recover  on  this 
policy  it  is  necessary  to  prove  by  proper  re- 
ceipts that  the  shipment  was  made  in  good 
order,  and  to  establish  the  actual  amount  of 
the  loss. 

FINANCING    THE    SYSTEM 

The  problem  of  financing  a  system  of  inter- 
library  loans  has  not  been  scientifically  inves- 
tigated. The  elements  in  this  problem  are, 
first,  the  cost;  second,  the  distribution  of  this 
cost;  and  third,  a  method  of  accounting  by 
which  payment  may  be  made  most  easily. 

The  total  cost  of  inter-library  loans  is  made 
up  of  expense  for  transportation,  for  security 
and  indemnity,  and  for  administration. 

Cost  of  transportation  and  insurance 

Unfortunately,  a  reduction  in  the  cost  of 
transportation  by  mail  has  again  been  deferred 
by  the  failure  of  Congress  to  include  third 
class  matter  among  those  articles  which  may 
be  sent  by  the  new  domestic  parcels  post, 
which  is  to  become  effective  on  Jan.  I,  1913. 
For  the  present,  therefore,  the  cost  of  ship- 
ment by  mail  remains  at  one  cent  for  each  two 
ounces  or  a  fraction  thereof,  the  limit  of 
weight  being  four  pounds,  except  for  single 
books  in  separate  packages  on  which  the 
weight  is  not  limited.  This  rate  is  the  same 
as  for  the  English  book-post,  but  it  is  higher 
than  the  French  and  German  rates.  Free 
postage  is  granted  to  government  libraries  in 
some  European  countries,  for  example,  Italy, 
and  libraries  in  other  states  are  attempting  to 
get  the  franking  privilege. 

Present  express  rates  in  the  United  States 
are  likely  soon  to  be  somewhat  reduced.  The 
rates  proposed  by  the  Commission  for  the  Gov- 
ernment of  Express  Carriers  are  set  forth  in 
considerable  detail  in  Opinion  number  1967  of 
the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  entitled 
"In  the  matter  of  express  rates,  practices,  ac- 
counts and  revenues."  The  proposed  rates 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


contemplate  a  reduction  of  about  20  per  cent. 
Final  action  with  respect  to  these  rates  has 
been  postponed  to  enable  the  Commission  to 
complete  the  computation  of  rates  between  all 
points  in  the  United  States.  This  work  is  now 
going  forward  rapidly,  and  when  completed 
the  express  carriers  have  been  given  30  days 
additional  time  in  which  to  submit  to  the  Com- 
mission comparisons  with  their  present  rates 
in  order  to  show  the  effect  thereof  upon  their 
revenue.  Following  the  submission  of  the  car- 
riers' statements  the  Commission  will  give  fur- 
ther consideration  to  the  proposed  rates. 

A  fact  which  librarians  should  not  overlook 
in  connection  with  inter-library  loans  is  that 
publishers'  express  rates  can  be  obtained  for 
the  shipment  and  return  of  the  same  books. 
Under  this  arrangement  the  cost  is  reduced 
one-fourth,  i.e.,  a  half-rate  is  granted  for  the 
return  shipment.  This  rate  is  advantageous 
only  when  several  books  are  shipped.  For  one 
book  the  rates  under  Section  D  of  the  express 
schedules  are  cheaper.  For  making  the  pub- 
lisher's rates  operative,  a  special  label  must  be 
pasted  on  the  package  when  shipped  and  when 
returned. 

Cost  of  administration 

The  administrative  cost  of  inter-library  loans 
is  not  easily  estimated,  and  there  seem  to  be 
no  figures  available  as  a  basis  for  such  an 
estimate.  In  the  earlier  reports  of  university 
libraries  we  find  statements  that  the  adminis- 
trative cost  is  so  inconsiderable  that  it  can  be 
ignored.  Only  in  recent  years  do  we  hear 
something  like  a  protest  against  this  cost.  The 
elements  of  this  expense  are  charges  for  corre- 
spondence, for  searching  in  the  catalogs,  for 
getting  the  books  from  the  shelves,  for  time 
spent  in  deciding  whether  they  can  be  lent, 
and  for  packing  and  shipping.  The  two  first 
items  will  be  greatly  reduced  as  information 
concerning  the  location  of  books  increases. 
Application  will  then  seldom  be  made  to  a 
library  which  does  not  own  a  book,  and  when 
a  book  is  owned  but  cannot  be  spared,  the 
application  can  be  passed  on  directly  to  the 
next  most  probable  lender.  The  cost  of  search- 
ing would  be  greatly  reduced  if  uniform 
blanks  were  used,  giving  full  bibliographical 
data.  It  is  a  reflection  on  present  library 
methods  that  illegible,  incomplete  titles  are 
now  sent  out.  Eighty  per  cent,  of  the  requests 


received  at  the  Columbia  University  Library 
are  unnecessarily  incomplete  and  inaccurate, 
and  are  not  typewritten,  but  carelessly  written 
by  hand.  It  has  been  estimated  by  one  library 
that,  when  applications  are  carefully  prepared, 
the  cost  of  searching  in  the  catalog,  getting 
books  from  the  shelves,  wrapping  them,  send- 
ing them  to  the  shipping  office,  and  notifying 
the  borrowing  library  is  about  ten  cents  for 
each  package  containing  not  more  than  three 
volumes.  If  this  estimate  is  correct,  the  ad- 
ministrative cost  to  this  library  last  year  was 
less  than  fifty  dollars. 

Distribution  of  cost 

It  has  not  been  decided  what  is  the  best 
method  of  distributing  the  cost  of  inter-library 
loans.  Thus  far,  administrative  charges  have 
been  paid  by  the  lending  library,  while  trans- 
portation charges  both  ways  are  paid  by  the 
borrowing  library,  which  usually  is  reimbursed 
by  the  reader  for  whom  the  book  is  borrowed. 
As  far  as  I  know,  only  one  university  library 
has  had)  a  separate  fund  for  the  maintenance 
of  inter-library  loans.  In  1908,  Mr.  George  E. 
Dimock,  of  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  gave  Yale  Uni- 
versity one  hundred  dollars,  which  was  used 
to  meet  administrative  expenses  of  loans.  The 
library  and  not  the  reader  benefited  by  this 
gift. 

The  practice  of  European  libraries  is  not 
uniform.  In  Sweden  the  extensive  lending 
system  causes  no  expense  whatever  to  the  bor- 
rower. The  Royal  Library  of  Berlin  makes  a 
uniform  charge  of  10  pfennigen  a  volume  for 
booksr  borrowed  from  Prussian  libraries.  For 
books  borrowed  from  non-Prussian  libraries 
the  charge  varies,  sometimes  being  for  the 
actual  expense  of  expressage,  and  sometimes 
with  an  extra  charge  for  packing,  etc. 

The  librarian  of  Clark  University  has  gone 
so  far  as  to  contend  that  "until  libraries  be- 
come more  liberal  in  lending  to  one  another, 
it  is  perfectly  legitimate  for  a  well  endowed 
library  to  pay  the  expenses  of  a  student  in  or- 
der that  he  may  visit  other  libraries  where  the 
special  literature  he  needs  is  to  be  found." 

The  practice  of  another  university  is  to  pay 
all  charges,  both  for  administration  and  trans- 
portation, when  a  book  is  borrowed  on  the 
recommendation  of  a  professor  for  the  use  of 
a  graduate  student  doing  university  work. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{February,  1913 


There  is  much  justice  in  this  practice,  for  a 
graduate  student  may  fairly  contend  that  when 
a  university  library  does  not  own  a  book,  it 
should  choose  the  less  expensive  alternative  of 
borrowing  the  book  instead  of  buying  it. 

I  make  the  suggestion  that  university  libra- 
ries endeavor  to  obtain  funds  for  financing  all 
legitimate  requests  for  loans,  without  cost  to 
the  borrower,  either  by  obtaining  gifts  or  by 
inserting  an  item  in  their  library  budgets. 

Accounting 

In  order  equitably  to  distribute  the  cost  of 
inter-library  loans  among  the  participating  li- 
braries, some  simple  system  of  accounting 
should  be  adopted.  In  Prussia,  where  a  uni- 
form charge  of  10  pfennigen  a  volume  is  made 
on  the  borrower,  each  library  keeps  a  record 
of  the  costs  of  transportation  and  of  the  num- 
ber of  volumes  sent.  At  the  end  of  March 
and  September  of  each  year  the  accounts  of 
the  respective  libraries  are  balanced.  Some 
such  system  might  be  applied  to  libraries  in 
the  United  States,  at  least  to  the  extent  of 
balancing  administrative  charges.  For  in- 
stance, assuming  that  ten  cents  a  title  is  a  fair 
charge  for  administration,  two  libraries  which 
borrowed  from  each  other  300  and  450  titles 
respectively  would  clear  their  accounts  by 
transferring,  at  the  end  of  the  year,  the  dif- 
ference between  $45  and  $30,  or  $15.  The 
same  method  could  be  used  in  balancing  ac- 
counts for  transportation. 

SUBSTITUTE  FOR  INTER-LIBRARY  LOANS 

At  the  beginning  of  this  paper  it  was  urged 
that  the  scope  of  inter-library  loans  be  ex- 
tended. This  argument  may  now  be  strength- 
ened by  the  fact  that  in  the  case  of  rare  books 
and  manuscripts  there  is  a  very  adequate  sub- 
stitute for  lending.  I  refer  to  copies  made 
on  photographic  reproducing  machines.  At 
comparatively  slight  expense  even  bulky  printed 
books  and  manuscripts  may  be  copied,  so  that, 
for  all  practical  purposes,  these  volumes  may 
become  the  property  of  a  dozen  libraries. 
Pages  from  these  books  and  manuscripts  may 
be  copied  at  very  low  rates.  The  copies  are 
accurate  and  lasting.  In  most  cities  there  are 


firms  which  operate  these  machines  commer- 
cially, so  that  their  benefits  may  be  had  with- 
out initial  expense  or  loss  of  space  by  libra- 
ries. Many  libraries  have,  however,  installed 
machines  and  are  operating  them  economically, 
not  only  as  a  substitute  for  inter-library  loans, 
but  to  reduce  the  expense  of  copying  generally. 
It  is  quite  feasible  for  several  libraries  in  one 
locality  jointly  to  meet  the  expense  of  in- 
stalling a  machine,  and  to  charge  a  uniform 
rate  for  each  exposure. 

The  comparative  merits  of  the  several  ma- 
chines cannot  be  discussed  here,  but  I  have 
asked  three  companies  to  furnish  me  with  a 
statement  of  the  merits  of  their  respective  ma- 
chines, and  to  duplicate  this  statement  for  dis- 
tribution at  this  meeting  as  samples  of  their 
work.  To  this  statement  I  need  add  only  that 
confusion  will  be  avoided  if  it  is  remembered 
that  the  word  cameragraph  is  not  a  general 
term  for  all  kinds  of  photographic  reproduc- 
ing machines,  but  is  a  trade  name  for  one  of 
these  machines.  This  machine  is  manufac- 
tured at  Kansas  City,  Missouri.  The  two 
other  machines  with  which  I  am  familiar  are 
the  photostat  and  the  rectigraph,  both  manu- 
factured at  Rochester,  New  York. 

CONCLUSION 

It  is  a  hackneyed  statement  that  libraries 
exist  solely  for  use,  but  we  must  return  to  it 
whenever  any  new  development  of  our  library 
methods  is  under  consideration.  In  order  to 
increase  the  use  of  our  college  and  university 
libraries,  it  is  recommended,  therefore,  that 
the  scope  of  our  inter-library  loans  shall  be 
extended  now,  without  waiting  for  cheaper 
means  of  transportation.  In  the  train  of  this 
recommendation  come  three  others:  (i)  that 
special  lists  of  books  hereafter  published  shall 
be  union  lists ;  (2)  that  the  financing  of  inter- 
library  loans  shall  be  recognized  in  our  library 
budgets ;  and  (3)  that  a  system  of  accounting 
involving  the  distribution  of  cost  among  libra- 
ries shall  be  agreed  upon.  If  we  develop  the 
system  to  its  limits  under  the  conditions  which 
now  exist,  we  shall  be  in  a  position  to  better 
those  conditions.  Lower  express  rates  and  a 
cheaper  book-post  will  come  when  we  have 
made  the  demand  great  enough. 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


73 


ARRANGEMENT    OF   CARDS    UNDER  PLACE  NAMES  IN  A  DICTION- 
ARY CATALOG 

BY  CLIFFORD  B.  CLAPP,  Head  Cataloger,  Dartmouth  College  Library 


ARRANGEMENT  of  cards  in  a  dictionary  cata- 
log is  one  of  those  subjects  from  the  study 
of  which  the  cataloger  is  likely  to  emerge  a 
sadder,  but  not  much  wiser,  person.  Probably 
the  most  important  division  of  the  subject  is 
arrangement  under  names  of  places.  There 
are  three  ways  in  which  the  place  name  oc- 
curs at  the  head  of  catalog  cards:  (i)  as 
author,  or  main  entry;  (2)  as  subject;  (3)  as 
first  word  of  a  title.  The  publications  of 
governments  and  of  societies  or  institutions 
bearing  place  names  are  enormously  increas- 
ing. There  is  also  a  tendency  among  catalog- 
ers  to  get  more  and  more  subjects  under 
country,  state  and  city  heads.  The  little  at- 
tention that  -has  been  given  to  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  cards  involved  is  surprising,  in 
view  of  the  complications  that  arise  in  a 
large  catalog,  where  from  one  to  a  dozen 
trays  may  be  taken  up  by  the  cards  under  one 
country  or  state.  But  it  is  not  only  in  the 
cases  where  there  are  several  trays  (or  even 
several  inches)  of  cards  under  one  head  that 
difficulties  abound.  These  cases  can  be  prop- 
erly "guided";  but  where  cards  are  so  few 
that  there  are  but  two  or  three  to  a  category, 
it  is  difficult  to  make  intelligible  any  arrange- 
ment except  the  strictly  alphabetical. 

It  would  seem  that  in  a  dictionary  catalog 
the  first  thing  thought  of  would  be  a  single 
alphabet.  But  many  libraries  have  some  sort 
of  classed  arrangement  under  local  names. 
One  of  the  largest  has  five  alphabets  or  divi- 
sions under  state  names.  What  they  are  is 
immaterial  to  this  discussion.  Suffice  it  to 
say  that  there  are  too  many;  moreover,  three 
are  too  many,  and  so,  probably,  are  two. 
For  my  own  use  I  like  a  classed  rather  than 
a  dictionary  catalog;  but  such  people  as  our 
catalogs  are  expected  most  to  serve  are  bet- 
ter served  by  one  that  clings  to  the  only  prin- 
ciple they  know— strict  alphabetization.  The 
producing  of  this  single  alphabet  arrangement 
is,  however,  no  easy  matter. 

As  a  point  of  departure  for  a  discussion  of 
particular  methods,  it  is  convenient  to  speak 
of  the  arrangement  of  cards  at  the  library 
with  which  I  am  connected.  Under  the  scheme 
used  up  to  the  present  time,  we  have  had 


three  alphabets,  as  follows:  (i)  Official  (i.  e., 
government)  publications,  the  main  or  author 
cards  only.  (2)  About  the  place,  including 
works  about  government  bodies,  such  as  legis- 
lature, president,  bureaus,  etc.,  and  divisions 
like  politics  and  government,  description  and 
travel,  social  conditions,  manufactures,  etc. 
These  are  all  subject  headings,  with  the  place 
name  in  red,  followed  by  the  division  in  black. 
(3)  Unofficial  (i.  e.,  non-government)  publica- 
tions, works  about  unofficial  bodies  bearing 
the  place  name,  and  titles  of  works  beginning 
with  the  place  name,  all  in  one  alphabet.  The 
works  about  the  unofficial  bodies  have  the 
whole  subject  heading  in  read. 

For  several  reasons  it  seemed  desirable  to 
change  this  arrangement.  Difficulty  in  find- 
ing a  desired  heading  or  kind  of  information 
was  not  entirely  avoidable,  even  for  members 
of  the  staff,  and  was  great  for  students  or 
others  using  the  catalog  intermittently.  A 
person  who  ultimately  found  what  he  wanted 
lost  time  by  getting  at  first  into  the  wrong 
division.  A  student  directed  to  such  a  head- 
ing as  Navy  department  under  United  States 
for  works  about  the  department  was  likely  to 
find  the  heading  United  States  Navy  depart- 
ment as  author,  and  lose  whatever  informa^ 
tion  there  might  be  under  United  States  Navy 
department  as  subject. 

Facility  of  use  (and  a  possible  economy  of 
cards)  seemed  to  make  advisable  bringing  to- 
gether such  headings  as  United  States  Com- 
merce and  labor  department  (author),  the 
same  (subject),  and  United  States  Commerce 
(subject).  We  use  the  inverted  form  of  the 
author  heading  for  American  government 
bodies,  which  gives  us  an  opportunity  that 
should  not  be  lost  of  gaining  some  of  the 
advantages  of  a  classed  catalog  while  clinging 
to  the  dictionary  form. 

Cards  will  be  misarranged  under  any  scheme 
through  carelessness  or  oversight,  but  mis- 
takes must  frequently  be  the  result  of  ignor- 
ance of  the  official  or  unofficial  status  of  the 
body  in  question.  It  has  been  customary  for 
us  to  obtrude  into  the  heading  of  official  state 
bodies  the  word  "State,"  whether  it  were 
actually  a  part  of  the  name  or  not,  to  dis- 


74 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


tinguish  these  from  unofficial  bodies.  This 
resulted  in  cumbersome  headings,  and  was  not 
as  effective  as  might  be  supposed.  It  is  not 
always  possible  to  determine,  without  use  of 
too  much  time,  whether  a  body  is  official  or 
not.  Good  cases  in  point  are  the  universities 
calling  themselves  by  the  state  name,  and  so- 
cieties using  the  word  "State"  in  their  names, 
such  as  various  state  historical  societies,  some 
of  which  have  an  official  connection.  If  the 
cataloger  could  not  determine  the  truth,  could 
the  user  of  the  catalog? 

Three  other  schemes  were  proposed,  as  fol- 
lows: (i)  Put  works  about  official  (govern- 
ment) bodies  in  the  first  alphabet  with  the 
works  by  the  respective  bodies,  instead  of  in 
the  second  division  with  works  about  the 
place,  thus  bringing  together  such  publications 
as  those  by  and  about  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress; (2)  arrange  all  headings,  beginning 
with  the  place  name  in  one  alphabet  except 
titles  of  works  beginning  with  the  place 
name,  which  would  form  a  second  alphabet ; 
(3)  arrange  all  headings  (official  publications, 
works  about  official  bodies,  unofficial  publica- 
tions, works  about  unofficial  bodies,  works 
about  various  aspects  of  the  place  as  a  place, 
and  works  whose  titles  begin  with  the  place 
name)  together  in  one  alphabet. 

A  fourth  possibility  would  be  to  adopt  the 
arrangement  suggested  by  the  typography  of 
the  Library  of  Congress  headings,  which  is 
for  author  entry  approximately  as  follows : 
Three  alphabets,  the  first  containing  the  pub- 
lications of  official  boards,  bureaus,  commis- 
sions, courts,  departments,  legislature  or  coun- 
cil, offices  and  officers,  and  also  charters,  con- 
stitutions, constitutional  conventions  and  laws ; 
the  second  containing  official  institutions,  like 
library  and  museum,  and  also  unofficial  insti- 
tutions and  societies  whose  names  do  not 
begin  with  the  place  name,  but  are  entered 
under  it;  the  third  containing  unofficial  insti- 
tutions and  societies  whose  names  begin  with 
the  place  name,  and  titles  beginning  with 
the  place  name.  The  proper  location  of  sub- 
ject cards,  with  reference  to  these  author  or 
main  entry  cards,  would  be  a  complicating 
factor ;  they  would  probably  fall  partly,  but 
not  entirely,  into  a  fourth  alphabet;  but  I 
have  avoided  the  problem,  as  I  have  found 
nothing  to  recommend  to  me  the  scheme  here 
indicated.  It  seemed,  indeed,  to  have  all  the 
objections  to  our  practice  mentioned  above, 


and  the  additional  ones  of  emphasizing  a  dis- 
tinction between  divisions  of  the  government 
and  institutions  operated  by  it  (a  distinction 
many  people  do  not  find  clear),  and  of  sepa- 
rating unofficial  institutions  and  societies  into 
two  classes  on  the  basis  of  the  initial  use  of 
the  place  name  (a  rather  pointless  distinction 
when  both  are  entered  under  the  place). 
Whether  or  not  it  is  worth  while  to  try  to 
indicate  the  status  and  nature  of  a  corporate 
entity  by  means  of  typography  and  punctua- 
tion, the  idea  of  expecting  the  public  to  know 
anything  of  the  kind  is  a  delusion,  and  its 
outcome  in  arrangement  of  cards  is  a  snare, 
warranted  easily  to  discourage  intrusion  into 
these  carefully  cultivated  precincts. 

The  first  scheme  suggested  above  seems  not 
to  go  far  enough  to  remedy  most  of  the 
troubles.  The  second  and  third  both  involve 
a  weakness  worthy  of  consideration.  A  per- 
son who  wants  all  the  information  about  a 
country  finds  it  mixed  up  with  a  lot  of 
entries  that  he  cares  nothing  about,  and  being 
impatient,  turns  several  cards  at  a  time,  prob- 
ably missing  some  subject  divisions  of  im- 
portance. Where  there  are  but  a  few  cards 
it  is  not  possible  to  call  attention  by  tab 
guides  to  all  the  subject  divisions,  but  some 
good  can  be  done  by  inserting  "see  also" 
cards.  In  spite  of  some  weaknesses,  the  third 
plan  seems  the  best.  On  this  matter  we  have 
had  valuable  advice  from  a  source  that  I 
would  gladly  acknowledge  here  but  for  com- 
mitting to  this  plan  an  institution  which  is  as 
yet  only  seriously  experimenting  with  it.  The 
separation  of  subject  divisions  is  not  so  seri- 
ous a  matter  as  it  might  at  first  seem,  for  we 
must  remember  that  nowhere  in  the  principle 
of  a  dictionary  catalog  is  there  provision  for 
getting  together  all  the  material  about  any 
subject,  large  or  small.  The  virtues  and  the 
faults  of  this  sort  of  catalog  are  just  as  great 
under  place  names  as  anywhere  else,  and  with 
sufficient  danger  signals  this  admittedly  im- 
perfect arrangement  will  serve  in  this  case  as 
well  as  in  any  other.  For  the  benefit  of  those 
who  are  used  to  the  undesirable  three-fold 
arrangement,  guide  cards,  so  far  as  employed, 
can  be  placed  on  the  left,  center  and  right  to 
correspond,  respectively,  with  official,  subject 
and  unofficial  headings. 

There  are  minor  questions  of  usage  that  in 
specific  cases  become  anything  but  minor; 
they  would  have  their  place  in  a  large  work 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


75 


on  arrangement,  but  it  is  not  worth  while  to 
consider  them  here.  An  important  question, 
however,  grows  out  of  the  complications  aris- 
ing from  the  use  by  many  government  divi- 
sions, societies  and  book  titles  of  the  word 
"State."  This  is  in  itself  a  difficult  question 
of  entry  rather  than  of  arrangement,  yet  it 
is  so  closely  bound  up  with  arrangement  that 
it  must  almost  necessarily  be  discussed  here, 
at  least  briefly.  The  question  has  been  brought 
home  to  me  by  having  the  word  used,  as 
above  mentioned,  to  distinguish  official  from 
unofficial  publications.  But  all  of  us  have 
had  only  too  much  experience  with  the  word 
in  other  ways.  To  begin  with,  the  state  gov- 
ernment divisions  are  anything  but  consistent 
in  their  use  of  the  word  "State,"  and  when 
we  realize  that  the  same  bureau  or  institution 
may  at  various  periods  of  its  existence  use  it 
and  not  use  it,  we  may  be  pardoned  for  wish- 
ing to  blind  ourselves  to  official  usage,  and 
simply  do  as  we  think  best.  To  be  regarded 
as  good  cataloging,  however,  the  results  of 
our  best  thought  must  be  made  into  a  rule 
that  will  fit  most  occasions.  In  making  this 
rule  (the  A.  L.  A.  did  not  make  any),  we 
must  remember  that,  however  successful  the 
cataloger  may  be  in  finding  the  right  usage, 
the  user  of  the  catalog  is  ignorant  of  it  and 
indifferent  to  it.  He  is  baffled,  for  example, 
by  our  use  of  the  word  for  State  highway 
commission,  but  not  for  Tax  commission. 
Any  attempt  to  find  out  what  he  is  likely 
to  expect  is  equally  baffling  to  the  cataloger. 
Yet  an  improvement  can  be  made  over  the 
usual  practice  in  the  direction  of  simplifica- 
tion. 

A  good  way  is  to  omit  the  word  "State" 
in  nearly  every  case,  even  when  it  is  officially 
correct  to  use  it.  An  exception  should  be 
made  in  the  case  of  certain  state  institutions, 
such  as  state  library  and  state  museum.  Here 
it  is  probably  impossible  to  make  a  rule  that 
will  satisfy  everybody.  One  university  library 
made  this  distinction:  use  the  word  "State" 
for  all  state  institutions;  drop  it  for  all  state 
offices  and  divisions  of  the  government.  That 
rule  would  not  satisfy  me,  because  I  believe 
that  catalog  users  do  not  discriminate  be- 
tween government  institutions  and  govern- 
ment offices,  and  I  do  not  believe  that  the 
common  usage  of  the  word  "State"  in  the 
name  is  dependent  upon  that  distinction.  It 
is  dependent,  it  seems  to  me,  upon  the  fact 


that  a  state,  and  not  a  private  or  local  insti- 
tion,  is  designated,  in  a  sense  where  there 
might  easily  exist  a  private  or  a  local  insti- 
tution bearing  the  name.  My  rule,  then 
(even  though  some  might  think  it  put  too 
much  burden  of  decision  upon  the  cataloger), 
would  be  this:  Always  use  the  word  "State" 
for  New  York  and  Washington  state  offices, 
government  divisions  and  institutions,  but 
omit  it  for  those  of  other  states,  except  in 
the  case  of  state  institutions  using  the  word 
and  having  for  the  important  or  distinctive 
part  of  the  name  a  short,  common  term,  such 
as  might  be  used  with  the  state  name  by  a 
private  or  local  institution.  Though  falling 
into  the  latter  category,  state  universities 
should  not  be  included  in  the  exception,  un- 
less there  is  known  to  be  another  institution 
of  similar  name,  for  these  universities  are 
about  as  often  known  without  the  word 
"State"  as  with  it.  But  the  cataloger  may  be 
allowed  to  take  the  whole  rule  as  a  guide 
and  not  a  mandate,  making  such  exceptions 
as  may  be  derived  from  general  or  local 
usage  plus  common  sense,  always,  however, 
referring  from  the  unused  form  if  an  ex- 
ception is  made.  There  ought  to  be  a  single 
reference  card  under  [name  of  state]  State, 
reading,  "Other  government  divisions,  offices, 
.or  institutions  beginning  with  the  word 
'State'  are  filed  omitting  that  word,  but  re- 
garding the  next  distinctive  word,"  a  some- 
what clumsy  reference,  no  doubt,  but  suffi- 
cient for  anybody  who  chances  to  look  at  it. 

We  then  come  to  the  case  where  the  word 
"State"  has  to  be  used  to  distinguish  the  place 
from  a  city  of  the  same  name.  It  is  partly 
because  this  case  is  sure  to  be  brought  up 
that  it  is  necessary  to  consider  the  use  of  the 
word  in  a  discussion  of  card  arrangement. 
And  at  this  point  we  are  introduced  to  com- 
plications in  arrangement  arising  from  the 
use  on  printed  cards  of  variations  in  type  and 
punctuation.  These  variations  are  intended 
to  exhibit  corresponding  differences  in  the 
actual  nature  of  the'  divisions  following  the 
place  name  or  to  differentiate  one  sequence 
of  cards  from  another  in  the  file  of  the  print- 
ing library.  The  Library  of  Congress  uses 
the  word  "State"  in  parentheses  with  official 
boards,  bureaus,  offices,  etc.,  under  Washing- 
ton and  New  York,  but  with  official  institu- 
tions the  parentheses  are  omitted,  so  that  the 
printed  cards  give  us  New  York  (State) 


76 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


Governor  and  New  York  (State)  Legislature, 
but  New  York  State  hospital  and  New  York 
State  library.  Something  has  already  been 
said  about  the  practice  of  regarding  typog- 
raphy in  filing.  Certain  signs  or  fonts  may 
be  necessary  or  advisable  to  express  certain 
ideas,  but  arrangement  of  cards  should  be 
strictly  alphabetical,  disregarding  all  other 
logical  principles.  We  should  have,  then,  the 
following  easily  understood  order: 

New  York  (State)  Governor 

New  York  (State)  History 

New  York  State  hospital 

New  York  State  in  the  war 

New  York  (State)  Legislature 

New  York  State  library 

Even  a  period  should  not  block  the  alphabet- 
ical progress.  The  word  "State"  must  always 
be  used  in  the  case  of  the  states  of  New  York 
and  Washington.  But  it  should  never  be 
doubled.  It  is  unnecessary  to  say  New  York 
(State)  State  library,  for  the  mind  bearing 
the  word  "State"  easily  transfers  it  from  one 
category  to  another,  provided  the  order  re- 
main the  same;  indeed,  it  will  be  only  the 
exceptional  user  of  the  catalog  who  will  no- 
tice parentheses  and  periods  at  all.  New  York 
State  library  is  the  most  serviceable  form, 
and  it  is  correct. 

The  next  point  is  the  order  of  the  various 
kinds  of  places  of  the  same  name.     I  should 
have  no  hesitation  in  arranging  in  the  strict- 
est alphabetical  order: 
New  York  academy  of  sciences 
New  York  and  Boston  R.  R. 
New   York    (City)    Advisory   commission   on 

taxation 

New  York  City  and  her  sins 
New   York    (City)    College    [of    the   city   of 

N.  Y.] 

New  York  (City)  Committee  of  fifteen 
New  York  (City)  Description 
New  York  (City)  in  your  vestpocket 
New  York  (City)  Social  conditions 
New  York  (City)  Union  league  club 
New  York  (City)  Water  commissioners 
New  York  (County)  Board  of  supervisors 
New  York  historical  society 
New  York  (State)   [various  divisions] 
New  York  (State)  University 
New  York  university 
The    same    would    be    true    of    Washington. 


Here  there  is  the  question  whether  titles  like 
"Washington  Irving  and  his  Sketch  book" 
and  "Washington  the  man"  should  fall  into 
the  same  alphabet  as  the  others.  I  should 
say  that,  if  the  existence  of  .such  cards  could 
not  be  avoided,  they  ought  to  fall  into  the 
same  alphabet;  but,  of  course,  there  would 
also  be  cards  under  Irving,  Washington  and 
Washington,  George.  Another  question  that 
comes  up  is  where  to  put  a  society  or  a  title 
known  to  be  identified  with  a  particular  one 
of  the  many  places  of  the  same  name,  but 
not  bearing  the  distinctive  word.  Examples: 
Washington  &  Alaska  steamship  company, 
Washington  directory,  Washington  county 
pioneer  association,  Washington  the  national 
capital.  These  may  well  be  put  in  two  places 
in  a  large  library,  but,  if  in  one  place  only,  a 
reference  ought  to  be  made  from  the  other. 
There  is  an  advantage  in  having  under  a 
local  heading  all  that  is  associated  with  the 
place,  but  it  involves  much  alteration  of  Li- 
brary of  Congress  cards.  This  is  really  a 
matter  of  entry,  not  of  arrangement,  for  the 
filer  will  follow  the  wording  of  the  heading; 
but,  to  a  certain  extent,  entry  should  be  adapt- 
ed to  meet  the  problem  of  arrangement. 

One  more  suggestion  relates  to  entry,  also, 
and  has  the  same  justification  for  considera- 
tion here.  Since  a  state  and  its  government 
are  the  successors  of  a  territory,  a  province, 
a  colony,  and  not  different  entities,  they  should 
come  together  with  these  in  the  catalog. 
Moreover,  any  state  body  or  office,  being  the 
successor  of  that  of  the  preceding  form  of 
government,  should  come  next  to  it  in  the 
catalog.  Dates  could  be  used  in  the  heading, 
or,  if  desired,  the  entries  could  be  as  follows : 

Oklahoma.  Auditor's  dept.  (Oklahoma  Ter.) 
Oklahoma.  Auditor's  dept.  (State) 

In  our  Library  of  Congress  depository  file 
there  are  at  least  thirty-five  cards  between 
the  two  cards  headed: 

Oklahoma.     Constitution 

Oklahoma    (Ter.)     Constitutional  convention, 
1907 

There  are  obvious  advantages  in  bringing 
these  entries  together.  In  a  small  catalog 
especially,  there  would  be  an  economy  of 
cards,  as  certain  additional  cards  indicated  by 
the  Library  of  Congress  might  then  be  omit- 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


77 


ted.  There  seems  to  be  no  good  reason  why 
we  should  not  use  the  following  forms: 

New  Jersey  (dates,  Province) 
New  Jersey  (dates,  Colony) 
New  Jersey.   Convention,  1776  (N.  J.  Colony) 
New  Jersey.    Convention,  1787 
New  Jersey.    Council  (N.  J.  Colony) 
New  Jersey.     General  assembly,   1772   (N.  J. 
Colony) 

I  should  also  approve : 

New  York  (Colony) 

See  New  York  (State) 
New  York  (Province) 

See  New  York  (State) 
New  \ork  (State)  Committee  of  safety,  1775- 

1776  (N.  Y.  Colony) 

New  York  (State)  Governor,  1710-1719  (Hun- 
ter)  (N.  Y.  Colony) 

This  form  is  just  as  correct  and  just  as  use- 
ful as  the  current  practice  of  using  a  subject 
heading  in  the  form : 


New    York    (State)    Pol.    &   govt.— Colonial 
period. 

It  must  be  understood  that  the  suggestions 
for  strict  alphabetization  given  in  this  paper 
do  not  go  beyond  the  heading,  or  what  would 
ordinarily  appear  as  the  first  line  on  a  catalog 
card.  Thus,  it  is  the  entry  headings  on  main 
cards,  the  subject  headings  only  and  not  what 
follows  on  subject  cards,  and  the  first  few 
words  only  of  title  entries  that  are  under  con- 
sideration. I  should  by  no  means  advocate  ar- 
ranging works  by  and  about  an  institution  in 
one  alphabet  any  more  than  I  should  those  by 
and  about  an  author.  In  all  cases  the  subject 
headings  should  follow  the  main  entry  or 
added  entry  headings,  even  though  worded 
and  spelled  the  same.  The  subject  heading 
being  ordinarily  differentiated  from  the  others 
by  color  or  kind  of  type,  the  subject  cards 
can  readily  be  discerned  and  filed  immediately 
after  all  others  that  have  the  same  wording 
and  spelling. 


BOOK  BUYING  EXPERIENCES  IN  EUROPE 
BY  WALTER  LICHTENSTEIN,  Librarian  Northwestern  University  Library,  Evanston,  III, 


THE  origins  of  the  three  European  trips 
which  I  have  made  in  the  last  seven  years  for 
the  purpose  of  purchasing  books  go  back  to 
the  time  of  the  founding  of  the  Hohenzollern 
Collection  of  German  History  at  Harvard.  It 
may  be  interesting  to  note  what  the  reasons 
were  which  led  Harvard  to  commission  me  to 
go  abroad  on  a  quest  for  books.  In  1903  Pro- 
fessor Archibald  Cary  Coolidge  offered  to  pre- 
sent to  the  Harvard  University  Library  10,000 
volumes  relating  to  the  history  of  the  present 
German  Empire  or  any  of  its  component  parts. 
This  collection  was  to  be  known  as  the  Hohen- 
zollern Collection.  From  1903  until  1905  we 
read  carefully  all  the  second-hand  dealers'  cat- 
alogs as  far  as  they  related  to  German  history, 
and  also  sent  lists  of  desiderata  to  our  agent 
in  Germany.  In  spite  of  all  our  efforts  it 
seemed  improbable  that  in  this  way  it  would 
ever  be  possible  to  gather  together  10,000  vol- 
umes of  the  type  we  desired,  namely :  sets  of 
documents,  historical  periodicals  and  mono- 
graphs of  permanent  value.  As  a  last  resort, 
therefore,  it  was  decided  in  June,  1905,  that  I 
go  abroad  and  see  what  results  might  be  ob- 
tained. Originally,  the  idea  was  that  I  should 


stay  abroad  three  months.  Gradually  this  time 
was  extended  so  that  instead  of  three  months 
I  remained  abroad  fourteen.  As  for  the  re- 
sults, I  cannot  do  better  than  quote  Mr.  Lane's 
report,  included  in  "Reports  of  the  president 
and  treasurer  of  Harvard  College,  1905-1906," 
pp.  221-222: 

"For  the  Hohenzollern  collection,  Mr.  Licht- 
enstein  bought  3801  volumes  for  $3443;  with 
the  Skinner  gift,  460  volumes  for  $404;  and 
for  the  Motley  collection,  538  volumes  for  $655. 
The  total  cost  of  these  4799  volumes  was  thus 
$4502 ;  to  this  may  be  added  the  cost  of  binding 
and  freight,  $1838,  the  amount  of  Mr.  Lichten- 
stein's  salary  and  traveling  expenses,  $2162, 
and  Harrassowitz's  commission  of  about  $128, 
making  a  total  of  $8622.  The  result  is  striking 
because  the  average  per  volume,  $1.83,  includ- 
ing all  expenses  and  salary,  is  well  below  the 
general  average  that  the  library  pays  for  books 
purchased  in  the  usual  way.  Of  course  it  must 
be  remembered  that  the  library  every  year  buys 
a  few  very  expensive  works,  that  it  subscribes 
to  numerous  societies  and  periodicals  which 
are  costly  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  vol- 
umes procured,  and  also  buys  many  new  books 
at  approximately  the  published  price.  Mr. 
Lichtenstein,  on  the  other  hand,  bought  noth- 
ing but  second-hand  books,  and,  with  few  ex- 
ceptions, no  very  expensive  works.  In  addi- 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913. 


tion  to  this  highly  satisfactory  financial  result 
of  the  experiment,  it  is  to  be  noticed  that  prob- 
ably in  no  other  way  could  we  have  procured 
so  many  books  on  this  subject  in  so  short  a 
time,  and  that  Mr.  Lichtenstein  had  the  further 
advantage  of  being  able  to  examine  and  select 
the  books  themselves,  instead  of  having  to  de- 
pend on  bibliographies  and  catalogs.  The 
Hohenzollern  collection  has  thus  been  built  up 
in  a  remarkably  short  time  and  at  a  surprising- 
ly low  cost,  until  it  contains  (including  ship- 
ment yet  to  come)  about  8000  volumes.  The 
2000  volumes  still  needed  to  make  up  the  prom- 
ised 10,000  will  consist  mainly  of  continuations. 
This  plan  of  sending  a  representative  abroad 
to  buy  works  in  one  or  two  special  subjects 
was  looked  upon  at  the  start  as  a  rather  doubt- 
ful experiment,  but  has  proved  to  be  a  decided 
success." 

At  that  time  I  made  a  report  summarizing 
my  impressions  in  regard  to  the  experiment : 

"Being  on  the  spot  I  was  often  able  to  pur- 
chase many  large  sets  at  much  cheaper  rates 
from  dealers  whose  catalogs  rarely  reach  us, 
or  who  often  have  no  regular  catalogs  at  all. 
Another  advantage  I  enjoyed  in  that  I  had  a 
choice  of  books  to  an  extent  one  never  has 
from  catalogs ;  in  no  other  way  than  by  going 
to  Germany  itself  could  the  Hohenzollern  col- 
lection have  been  completed  for  years,  and 
even  when  completed  many  of  the  best  sets 
now  a  part  of  the  collection  most  likely  would 
have  been  lacking.  I  purchased  many  books, 
the  titles  of  which  are  too  obscure  to  have 
been  purchased  from  catalogs,  and,  on  the  other 
hand,  I  refrained  from  buying  many  volumes, 
the  titles  of  which  would  have  proved  very  at- 
tractive in  a  catalog.  I  bought  a  part  of  the 
Pfister  collection,  which  purchase  was  only 
made  possible  by  my  presence  in  Munich ;  and 
in  this  collection  there  are  many  treasures, 
which,  I  trust,  will  prove  of  great  value  to  stu- 
dents of  German  history  and  economics  in  the 
years  to  come. 

"In  all,  I  visited  about  300  German  book- 
dealers,  purchasing  books  from  fifty  of  them. 
As  for  the  actual  books  obtained,  the  fact  is 
worth  mentioning  that  we  have  now  nearly 
every  German  historical  periodical,  general  as 
well  as  local,  large  as  well  as  small.  The 
same  is  true  of  the  expensive  sets  of  Urkun- 
denbueher. 

"The  works  on  the  history  of  Bavaria  alone 
number  1500  volumes,  and  include  a  special 
collection  of  material  relating  to  King  Louis  n. 
and  his  tragic  end.  Among  the  many  interest- 
ing single  volumes  may  be  mentioned  a  manu- 
script economic  survey  of  Bavaria,  made  at  the 
end  of  the  sixteenth  century,  not  hitherto 
printed  (the  famous  Sahl:  Stuff t  und  Grundt- 
peuch),  and  several  volumes  of  manuscript 
records  of  the  early  Bavarian  diets.  The 
Niimberg  manuscripts  include  three  volumes 
of  Milliner's  'Relationes,'  a  history  of  the 
Niirnberg  guilds,  adorned  with  water-color 


illustrations    of   the    implements    used   by   the 
guilds. 

"In  the  field  of  German  history  outside  of 
Bavaria  I  obtained  a  complete  collection  of  the 
original  dispatches  issued  by  the  Prussian  and 
Bavarian  governments  during  the  Franco- 
Prussian  War;  a  collection  of  157  contempor- 
ary pamphlets  bearing  upon  the  questions  dis- 
cussed in  the  Frankfort  Parliament  of  1849; 
and  a  small  collection  of  broadsides  bearing 
on  the  Berlin  Revolution  of  the  i8th  of  March, 
1848,  including  the  famous  proclamation  of 
Frederick  William  iv.,  'An  meine  lieben  Ber- 
liner,' in  which  this  Prussian  king  forgives  his 
subjects  the  riots  which  they  had  caused.'' 

This  trip,  to  be  sure,  was  made  under  very 
favorable  conditions.  I  was  about  to  take  my 
doctor's  degree  at  Harvard  in  the  field  of  Ger- 
man history.  I  was  as  familiar  with  German 
as  with  English,  and  I  was  buying  for  a  col- 
lection of  which  I  had  charge  from  the  be- 
ginning, and  was  not  hampered  very  much  by 
financial  or  other  considerations.  Therefore  it 
may  be  contended  that  this  trip  did  not  prove 
that  similar  trips  would  be  satisfactory  if  un- 
dertaken for  several  institutions  and  if  the  pur- 
chases covered  so  large  a  field  of  human 
knowledge  that  the  intellect  of  any  individual 
would  be  unable  to  scrutinize  it  all.  Still  this 
trip  of  1905-1906  really  brought  about  the  re- 
cent attempts  to  establish  a  system  of  coopera- 
tive book  buying. 

At  a  meeting  called  by  Professor  E.  D.  Bur- 
ton in  the  fall  of  1910  to  consider  the  question 
of  cooperative  shipping  on  the  part  of  the  libra- 
ries of  Chicago  and  vicinity,  Dr.  C.  W.  An- 
drews, of  the  John  Crerar  Library,  Mr.  New- 
man Miller,  director  of  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago Press,  and  I  were  appointed  a  committee 
to  consider  the  advisability  of  undertaking 
cooperative  buying  as  well  as  cooperative  ship- 
ping. At  a  meeting  of  the  University  and  College 
Librarians  of  the  Middle  West,  held  in  Jan- 
uary, 1911,  in  Chicago,  a  printed  plan  was  sub- 
mitted by  the  committee,  and  libraries  were 
invited  to  join  in  an  experiment  to  be  under- 
taken that  summer.  Ultimately  the  following 
libraries  agreed  to  commission  me  to  go  abroad 
for  a  period  of  five  months :  the  University  of 
Chicago,  the  John  Crerar  Library,  Harvard 
University  Library  and  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity Library.  Each  library  was  free  to  place 
its  commission  in  any  manner  which  seemed 
to  suit  its  needs  best.  The  University  of 
Chicago  gave  me  a  limited  list  of  old  outstand- 
ing orders,  with  prices  carefully  fixed  in  each 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


79 


case,  which  price  I  was  not  supposed  to  ex- 
ceed. Dr.  Andrews  gave  me  a  large  list,  with 
a  lump  sum  of  money,  trusting  to  my  judgment 
as  to  what  limit  of  price  to  place  upon  indi- 
vidual works.  Harvard  University  commis- 
sioned me  in  the  same  way  as  in  the  case  of 
the  Hohenzollern  Collection.  This  time  I  was 
to  buy  chiefly  in  the  field  of  Austrian  history 
and  Italian  history.  Northwestern  University 
wished  me  to  buy  a  few  large  sets. 

I  left  America  in  May,  1911,  and  returned  at 
the  end  of  December  in  the  same  year.  Italy, 
Germany,  England,  France  and  Spain  were 
visited  in  the  order  named.  On  the  whole,  the 
result  proved  very  satisfactory.  Dr.  Andrews, 
in  his  report  for  the  year  1911,  pp.  21-22.  sum- 
marizes the  results  for  his  library  as  follows : 

''The  purchases  of  the  year  were  greatly  af- 
fected in  character  by  the  experiment  already 
mentioned.  Four  libraries,  Harvard  University, 
Northwestern  University,  the  University  of 
Chicago,  and  the  John  Crerar,  sent  a  joint 
representative  to  Europe.  They  were  fortunate 
in  securing,  through  the  courtesy  of  North- 
western University,  the  services  of  its  libra- 
rian, Dr.  Walter  Lichtenstein,  who  had  very 
special  qualifications  for  the  task.  Dr.  Lichten- 
stein brought  together  for  Harvard  its  Hohen- 
zollern collection,  and  in  so  doing1  obtained  an 
exceptional  familiarity  with  the  European  book 
trade. 

"Each  institution  was  free  to  give  its  com- 
mission in  the  way  that  seemed  to  best  suit 
its  needs,  and  in  fact  no  two  commissions  were 
in  the  same  terms  or  covered  the  same  field. 
While  it  is  understood  that  the  results  were 
satisfactory  to  all,  it  is  only  those  affecting 
this  library  which  have  any  place  here.  A  com- 
mission amounting  to  $5000  was  given  with  in- 
structions to  purchase  along  four  lines :  first, 
out-of-print  books  which  the  library  had  tried 
in  vain  to  obtain  from  the  regular  dealers; 
second,  from  lists  on  the  ethnology  of 
eastern  Europe  furnished  by  Professor  Thomas, 
of  the  University  of  Chicago;  third,  to  com- 
plete or  fill  gaps  in  the  sets  of  serials;  fourth, 
public  documents.  Important  and  valuable  pur- 
chases were  made  along  all  these  lines :  over 
100  titles  of  the  first ;  nearly  100  of  the  second ; 
more  than  50  serials  were  completed  or  greatly 
extended:  and  quite  a  number  of  Italian  doc- 
uments secured.  The  purchases  cover  all  the 
departments  of  the  library,  and,  indeed,  most 
of  the  individual  subjects.  The  principal  ob- 
ject of  the  experiment  was  to  obtain  books 
which  could  not  be  obtained  through  the  reg- 
ular channels  of  trade,  but  it  is  pleasant  to  be 
able  to  add  that,  after  allowing  for  all  ex- 
penses, the  purchases  were  made  at  less  cost 
than  they  could  have  been  made  through  these 
channels. 

"The  most  important  result  for  the  library, 


however,  was  secured  by  the  action  of  our 
representative,  relying  on  a  general  under- 
standing rather  than  on  specific  instructions. 
This  was  the  purchase  of  the  library  of  the  late 
Dr.  Karl  Ehrenburg,  privat-docent  in  geogra- 
phy at  the  University  of  Wiirzburg.  It  was 
purchased  in  the  name  of  the  John  Crerar 
Library,  but  really  with  joint  interests.  Har- 
vard took  a  small  portion  on  Franconia  for  its 
Hohenzollern  collection,  and  Northwestern  the 
long  sets  already  in  this  library.  The  ship- 
ment has  been  received  and  is  being  examined 
and  separated  as  fast  as  possible.  Exact  fig- 
ures cannot  be  given  at  present,  but  it  seems 
probable  the  library  will  enter  about  1000  vol- 
umes and  250  maps  and  add  1000  pamphlets. 
The  library  is  especially  strong  in  physical 
geography  and  geology,  and  the  descriptive 
material  has  been  collected  largely  with  refer- 
ence to  these  points.  The  duplication  is  not 
great,  while  the  total  cost,  even  before  adjust- 
ment with  the  other  libraries,  is  very  low. 

"The  purchase  of  a  set  of  British  Parlia- 
mentary Papers  running,  with  very  few  gaps, 
from  1878  to  1900,  should  also  be  mentioned. 
The  five  years  that  were  duplicated  by  the  set 
already  in  the  library  were  sold  to  the  Univer- 
sity of  Chicago,  and  the  net  cost  of  the  set 
materially  reduced.  Fortunately  most  of  the 
missing  volumes  are  obtainable  and  have  been 
ordered. 

"One  purchase  of  an  individual  work, 
Hooker's  'Icones  Plantarum,'  should  also  be 
mentioned." 

Similar  satisfactory  results  were  obtained  for 
Harvard  University  and  in  a  somewhat  lesser 
degree  for  the  University  of  Chicago.  To  be 
sure,  the  most  striking  result  of  the  trip,  the 
purchase  of  the  Olivart  collection  for  the  Har- 
vard Law  School,  at  a  very  reasonable  price  — 
for  less  than  half  of  what  was  originally  de- 
manded—  has  in  itself  little  to  do  with  the 
whole  question  of  cooperative  purchasing,  for, 
after  all,  it  would  pay  to  send  a  man  especially 
from  America  to  undertake  a  purchase  of  as 
large  a  collection  as  the  Olivart  collection,  re- 
gardless of  whether  or  not  other  libraries  par- 
ticipated in  the  undertaking. 

The  trip  of  1911  was  followed  by  one  which 
lasted  from  February  until  September,  1912. 
The  countries  visited  were  Germany,  France, 
Italy  and  Portugal.  The  immediate  cause  of 
this  trip  was  the  publication  by  Dr.  Richardson, 
of  Princeton,  of  a  list  of  sources  for  European 
history  to  be  found  in  American  libraries. 
Harvard  and  Columbia  were  anxious  to  fill  in 
gaps  in  their  collections  as  shown  by  the  list; 
Harvard  to  obtain  an  almost  complete  collec- 
tion; Columbia  to  buy  such  material  as  was 
found  to  be  missing  from  the  second  geograph- 


8o 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


ical  division  of  Dr.  Richardson's  list.  When 
I  started  on  the  trip  Harvard  lacked  nearly 
600  sets.  To-day  it  lacks  less  than  300.  Be- 
sides these  sets  I  was  able  to  purchase  for 
Harvard  in  Italy  an  almost  complete  collection 
of  the  Italian  "statuti,"  so  that  at  present  Har- 
vard possesses  nearly  every  title  and  edition 
mentioned  by  Luigi  Manzoni's  Bibliografia 
Storica  Municipale,  and  I  also  obtained  for 
Harvard  a  collection  of  Portuguese  and  Bra- 
zilian material  probably  unrivaled  in  this  coun- 
try. For  Columbia  a  large  proportion  of  the 
sets  desired  were  purchased,  and  a  large  num- 
ber of  German  literary  periodicals  which  Co- 
lumbia had  long  wished  to  possess. 

The  John  Crerar  Library  and  the  University 
of  Chicago  also  participated  in  this  last  trip, 
giving  their  commissions  much  as  they  had 
done  previously.  For  the  John  Crerar  Library 
Dr.  Andrews  reported  at  the  recent  meeting 
of  the  University  and  College  Librarians  of  the 
Middle  West  as  follows : 

"The  library  was  fortunate  enough  to  be 
able  to  repeat  the  experiment  of  cooperative 
buying  in  Europe  through  Dr.  Lichtenstein,  of 
Northwestern  University.  Its  commission  was 
for  $4500,  nearly  the  same  amount  as  in  1911, 
and  on  exactly  the  same  lines.  The  results  were 
equally  satisfactory.  Dr.  Lichtenstein  secured 
for  the  library  168  volumes  of  miscellaneous 
works;  264  volumes  on  the  ethnology  of  east- 
ern Europe;  1127  volumes  to  complete  or  ex- 
tend the  files  of  62  periodicals ;  204  volumes  on 
the  history  of  science  and  industrial  arts ;  and 
259  volumes  of  government  documents  and 
publications  of  international  congresses.  All  of 
the  miscellaneous  works  and  many  of  the  others 
were  out  of  print  or  not  in  trade,  and  had 
been  ordered  in  vain  from  second-hand  dealers. 
A  considerable  number  were  Spanish  and 
South  American  publications,  which  are  espe- 
cially hard  to  obtain.  All  departments  of  the 
library  and  nearly  all  its  subjects  were  repre- 
sented in  the  purchases.  They  were  chiefly 
works  of  moderate  cost,  but  the  facsimile  edi- 
tion of  Hubner's  Sammlung  exotischer 
Schmetterlinge'  and  a  set  of  the  works  of 
Archduke  Ludwig  Salvator  were  exceptions." 

For  the  University  of  Chicago  I  purchased 
a  larger  proportion  of  the  titles  given  than  in 
1911,  the  reason  being  that  I  was  not  so 
strictly  limited  as  to  the  price  in  the  case  of 
each  individual  item. 

It  may  be  well  to  summarize  the  purely 
financial  results  of  these  two  trips  by  means 
of  the  following  tables: 


191 1 

Orders  Purchases  Ii.-- 
The  University  of  Chicago.   $5,000       $2,050         $584 

Harvard    University 5,000         2,600  648 

The  John  Crerar  Library..      5,000         4,600  879 

Northwestern  University...     3,000         1,550  389 

Totals $18,000     $10,800      $2,500 

1912 

»  Purchases  Expenses 

The   University  of  Chicago $1,400  $269.46 

Harvard   University 8,900  1712.98 

The    John    Crerar    Library....      3,650  702.51 

Columbia    University i»55o  298.33 

Totals $15,500  $2983.28 

The  basis  of  dividing  expenses  was  not 
quite  the  same  for  both  trips.  In  the  case  of 
the  first  trip  it  was  agreed  that  half  of  the 
expenses  were  to  be  assessed  on  the  basis  of 
orders  placed,  and  half  on  the  basis  of  the 
money  actually  expended,  while  in  the  case  of 
the  second  trip  it  was  agreed  thai  the  expenses 
should  be  apportioned  entirely  in  proportion  to 
the  amount  purchased.  It  will  be  noticed  that 
in  the  case  of  the  first  trip,  the  expenses  were 
approximately  twenty-five  per  cent,  of  the 
amount  expended,  while  in  the  case  of  the  sec- 
ond trip,  where  the  amount  expended  was  con- 
siderably larger,  the  expenses  dropped  to  about 
twenty  per  cent,  of  the  amount  expended. 

It  is  obvious  from  all  this  that  on  the  whole 
the  most  valuable  results  can  be  obtained  by 
one  working  in  his  own  field,  trying  to  com- 
plete existing  collections  without  being  bound 
definitely  to  obtain  certain  titles.  This  was  the 
case  in  the  trip  made  by  the  writer  in  1905- 
1906.  The  second  best  method  is  that  of  the 
John  Crerar  Library,  as  explained  by  Dr. 
Andrews  in  the  report  already  cited.  This 
latter  method,  however,  is  impracticable  for  a 
university  library  which  is  divided  into  depart- 
ments, each  of  which  has  a  limited  appropria- 
tion which  cannot  be  overstepped.  The  range 
of  choice  in  such  instances  is  so  narrow  and  a 
buyer  must  be  so  hampered  that  few  unusual 
results  can  be  produced. 

The  advantages  of  trips  of  the  nature  de- 
scribed are  various.  Aside  from  the  mere 
speed  with  which  a  collection  may  be  gathered, 
it  seems  unquestionable  that  here  and  there 
discounts  can  be  obtained  to  an  extent  that  is 
impossible  by  correspondence.  It  has  always 
seemed  to  me,  however,  that  this  is  in  itself  a 
minor  advantage.  It  seems  to  me,  and  I  be- 
lieve that  the  three  trips  which  I  have  made 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


Si 


prove  it,  that  many  books  which  are  not  to  be 
secured  through  ordinary  trade  channels  can 
be  obtained  by  a  special  representative  sent  to 
Europe  from  America.  This  advantage,  how- 
ever, is  not  equally  true  in  the  case  of  all 
countries.  In  England  and  in  France,  where 
the  book  business  is  practically  concentrated  in 
one  city,  a  foreign  representative  has  no  ad- 
vantage over  the  local  book  dealer,  who  is  able 
to  send  his  messenger  around  with  a  list  of 
desiderata  from  place  to  place  and  immediately 
obtain  the  books  that  are  in  stock.  It  is  very 
different,  however,  in  countries  like  Germany, 
and  still  more  so  in  countries  like  Italy,  Spain 
and  Portugal.  In  Germany,  the  book  business 
is  scattered  over  the  whole  country,  and  as  the 
German  book  dealers  themselves  are  ready  to 
admit,  advertisements  in  the  Borsenblatt  no 
longer  bring  the  results  which  they  once  did. 
Personal  presence,  on  the  other  hand,  will  in- 
duce many  a  bookseller  who  will  pay  no  atten- 
tion to  the  Borsenblatt  to  go  through  his  stock 
and  find  out  whether  or  not  he  has  the  desired 
books. 

In  Italy,  Spain,  Portugal  and  some  other 
countries  the  advantage  of  being  on  the  ground 
is  still  more  obvious.  The  smaller  dealers  in 
these  regions,  even  if  they  are  able  to  read  and 
write  —  which  is  not  always  the  case  —  rarely 
answer  letters,  and  certainly  are  much  too 
indolent  as  a  class  to  read  trade  journals  and 
to  hunt  through  their  stock  to  supply  demands. 
Only  the  actual  presence  of  the  buyer  with  the 
cash  in  hand  will  induce  them  to  deliver  the 
goods,  and  since  in  these  countries  the  price  is 
purely  the  result  of  long-continued  bargaining, 
it  is  obvious  to  what  variations  the  prices  are 
subject. 

I  have  sometimes  been  asked  about  the  ad- 
visability of  establishing  a  central  bureau 
abroad  for  the  purpose  of  making  this  work 
permanent.  It  seems  to  me  that  there  is  no 
inherent  impossibility  or  even  impracticability 
in  such  a  plan  as  far  as  the  European  book 
trade  itself  is  concerned.  There  are  also  many 
incidental  services  which  might  be  rendered  by 
such  a  bureau.  Probably  there  is  hardly  a 
year  in  which  some  American  institution  or 
other  is  not  purchasing  a  large  collection  of 
some  kind  in  Europe,  and  the  presence  of  a 
direct  representative  as  distinguished  from  the 
ordinary  agent  would  have  great  advantages. 
Furthermore,  such  a  bureau  might  readily  be- 
come an  intermediary  between  scholars  in 


America  and  archives  and  libraries  in  Europe, 
for  ,the  purpose  of  obtaining  for  American 
scholars  copies  and  transcripts  of  the  material 
desired  by  them  and  not  to  be  found  at  home. 
Furthermore,  small  libraries  that  rarely  have 
occasion  to  order  books  from  abroad  would 
be  able  in  cases  of  necessity  to  deal  directly 
with  the  European  book  trade  and  thus  receive 
efficient  service  from  an  American  bureau  for 
their  occasional  needs. 

The  insurmountable  difficulty  seems  to  me  to 
rest  in  America.  It  is  inconceivable  how  it 
would  be  possible  to  bring  together  any  large 
number  of  American  institutions  for  the  finan- 
cial support  of  any  scheme  of  the  rather  com- 
plicated nature  of  the  one  described.  It  might 
be  possible  to  run  a  bureau  of  this  kind,  pro- 
vided some  large  American  institution  were  to 
establish  it  at  its  own  risk  and  permit  other 
institutions  to  employ  it,  paying  a  commission 
for  services  performed. 

The  best  that  can  be  hoped  for  at  present,  it 
seems  to  me,  is  that  somebody  from  time  to 
time  be  sent  to  Europe  to  buy  books  for  the 
larger  American  institutions.  My  experience 
would  lead  me  to  suggest  that  the  number  of 
institutions  be  limited  to  four  or  five;  that  the 
trip  be  extended  to  one  year,  during  which 
time  the  representative  can  expend  profitably 
about  $25,000.  As  the  expenses  for  one  year 
would  be  approximately  $4000  or  $5000,  the 
proportion  of  expense  to  the  amount  purchased 
would  be  about  the  same  as  it  was  in  the  case 
of  my  last  trip;  which,  in  view  of  the  results 
obtained,  did  not  seem  excessive  to  any  of  the 
participating  institutions. 

THE   MOVING  OF  THE  HARVARD 
LIBRARY 

BY  WILLIAM  COOLIDGE  LANE,  Librarian. 

IT  is  not  often  that  a  library  of  over  five 
hundred  thousand  volumes  is  called  upon 
hastily  to  vacate  its  premises  and  find  tem- 
porary quarters  in  which  to  store  its  books 
and  carry  on  its  work,  but  such  has  been  the 
recent  experience  of  the  Harvard  Library  in 
making  way  for  the  erection  of  the  new 
library  building — the  Widener  Memorial  Li- 
brary. The  problems  to  be  faced,  and  the 
way  in  which  they  were  solved,  may  be  worth 
a  brief  record  in  the  pages  of  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL.  Once  before  it  has  been  necessary 
to  move  the  Harvard  Library  under  pressure 
of  sudden  calamity,  but  at  that  time  the  col- 
lection probably  contained  not  much  more 
than  five  thousand  volumes.  On  the  15th  of 
June,  1775,  when  Cambridge  was  occupied  by 


82 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


Massachusetts  troops  and  war  was  at  hand, 
the  Provincial  Congress  voted  "that  the  li- 
brary, apparatus  and  other  valuables  of  Har- 
vard College  be  removed  as  soon  as  may  be 
to  the  Town  of  Andover."  Work  began  with- 
out delay.  On  the  I7th,  the  day  of  the  Battle 
of  Bunker  Hill,  Samuel  Phillips  wrote :  "Amid 
all  the  terrors  of  battle,  I  was  so  busily  en- 
gaged in  Harvard  Library  that  I  never  even 
heard  of  the  engagement  until  it  was  com- 
pleted. On  that  day  the  librarian,  James 
Winthrop,  who  was  an  ardent  patriot,  was 
bearing  his  part  in  the  battle,  and  received  a 
wound  in  the  neck,  but  the  books  were  safely 
boxed  up  and  carried  in  wagons  to  Andover. 
A  few  months  later,  when  the  students  were 
called  together  in  Concord,  some  of  the  books 
were  taken  there,  but  they  were  not  all  re- 
stored to  the  college  buildings  until  May, 
1778. 

Again,  in  the  summer  of  1912,  the  library 
has  been  under  the  same  necessity,  and  there 
has  been  the  same  occasion  for  the  promptest 
action.  While  the  plans  for  the  new  library 
were  being  worked  out  during  the  early  sum- 
mer, it  had  been  taken  for  granted  that,  al- 
though part  of  the  new  building  was  to  occupy 
the  site  of  Gore  Hall,  it  would  be  possible  to 
build  first  the  other  part  which  was  to  stand 
on  free  ground  and,  when  that  was  finished, 
to  move  the  library  into  it,  take  down  Gore 
Hall,  and  then  complete  the  new  building. 
On  August  17,  however,  it  was  determined 
that  Gore  Hall  must  be  taken  down  imme- 
diately, as  soon  as  it  could  be  vacated,  in 
order  to  build  the  whole  of  the  new  library 
at  once.  Quick  decision  and  immediate  action 
were  necessary,  for  the  term  was  to  open  on 
September  28,  and  before  that  date  the  read- 
ing-room, at  least,  must  be  ready  for  use  in 
some  new  place.  The  moving  of  the  reading- 
room  was  the  easiest  part  of  .the  problem, 
for  already,  in  1895,  when  repairs  were  being 
made  in  Gore  Hall,  readers  had  been  accom- 
modated on  the  upper  floor  of  Massachusetts 
Hall,  and  thither  it  was  decided  to  transfer 
the  reading-room  again.  At  the  same  time, 
the  lower  floor  of  Massachusetts  Hall  was 
taken  possession  of  for  a  supplementary  read- 
ing-room and  for  the  storage  of  the  full  sets 
of  United  States  documents  and  British 
parliamentary  papers.  A  certain  amount  of 
preliminary  strengthening  of  floors,  cleaning 
of  walls  and  ceilings,  and  building  of  new 
shelves  came  first.  Though  we  wished  to  use 
old  material  as  far  as  possible  in  fitting  up 
new  quarters,  we  found  it  cheaper  not  to  pull 
out  old  shelving  from  Gore  Hall  and  put  it 
up  again  elsewhere,  but  to  build  new  shelving, 
in  the  form  of  unit  cases  of  standard  size — 
three  feet  wide  by  seven  feet  or  more  high. 
Giving  up  the  convenience  of  adjustable 
shelves,  these  cases  could  be  economically  and 
quickly  nailed  together  and  set  up  side  by 
side  wherever  wanted.  It  was  found  possible 
to  arrange  tables,  delivery  desk,  etc.,  in  the 
upper,  large  rooms  on  almost  the  same  plan 


as  in  the  old  reading-room  in  Gore  Hall, 
and  to  provide  almost  as  many  seats  and 
quite  as  much  shelving  for  books.  The  room 
itself  is  a  much  more  attractive  room  than 
the  old  reading-room  had  ever  been,  and 
probably  will  be  more  comfortable  in  sum- 
mer, so  that,  except  for  it's  being  at  a  distance 
from  the  rest  of  the  library,  the  readers  there 
are  as  well  off  as  ever  before. 

The  problem  of  storing  the  general  collec- 
tion of  books  and  of  finding  an  abiding  place 
for  administration  was  more  difficult.  Many 
suggestions  were  made — that  the  books  should 
be  stored  under  the  seats  of  the  Stadium; 
that  the  east  wing  of  Gore  Hall  should  be 
moved  bodily  far  enough  to  the  east  to  be 
out  of  the  way  of  the  new  building;  or  that 
a  new  building  should  be  put  up  as  econom- 
ially  as  possible  close  to  and  back  of  Massa- 
chusetts Hall.  The  best  suggestion,  however, 
and  the  one  finally  adopted,  was  to  borrow 
Randall  Hall,  built  some  years  ago  for  a 
dining-room  to  supplement  Memorial  Hall. 
It  was  also  most  fortunate  for  us  that  the 
Andover  Theological  Seminary  had  recently 
come  to  Cambridge  and  had  erected  a  hand- 
some new  building  and  library,  with  one 
empty  floor  and  much  basement  space  unoc- 
cupied, which  was  generously  placed  at  our 
disposal,  and,  moreover,  that  the  library  of 
the  Divinity  School  had  recently  been  com- 
bined with  the  Andover  Library,  so  that  the 
stack  at  the  Divinity  School  was  likewise 
available.  Several  other  college  buildings 
were  also  pressed  into  service,  since  it  was 
evident  that  not  even  in  the  three  places  al- 
ready mentioned  could  all  the  books  be 
shelved.  Books  on  Philosophy  were  sent  to 
Emerson  Hall,  which  is  occupied  by  the  de- 
partment of  philosophy;  Archaeology  was 
moved  to  the  basement  of  Robinson  Hall,  the 
headquarters  of  the  department  of  Architec- 
ture; books  on  Fine  Arts  were  hospitably  re- 
ceived in  the  Fogg  Museum  of  Art;  Zoology,. 
Geology  and  Botany  were  sent  to  the  Univer- 
sity Museum;  Anthropology  to  the  Peabody 
Museum:  books  on  Education  to  Lawrence 
Hall,  where  the  education  department  is  es- 
tablished, and  the  library's  great  collection  of 
maps  was  installed  in  the  basement  of  the 
Semitic  Museum.  As  a  result,  the  library's 
collections  are  now  divided  among  thirteen 
depositories — 94,000  volumes  in  the  Andover 
Library,  58,000  in  the  Divinity  School  Library, 
25,000  in  Massachusetts  Hall,  60,000  in  other 
scattered  buildings,  and  the  remaining  350,000 
in  Randall  Hall. 

Moving  began  August  20  with  the  transfer 
of  books  to  the  Andover,  Divinity  and  other 
buildings,  and  here,  whenever  new  shelving 
was  required,  the  unit  cases  spoken  of  above 
were  found  to  be  the  most  economical  and 
expeditious  method  of  providing  it. 

At  Randall  Hall,  the  problem  of  turning 
a  dining-hall  into  a  library  was  a  new  one, 
and  the  results  are  better  than  we  anticipated. 
The  main  body  of  Randall  Hall  is  one  large 


February,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


room,  90  x  66  feet  and  about  35  feet  high, 
with  all  windows  on  the  two  long  sides,  north 
and  south.  On  the  north  side,  below  the  level 
of  the  window  sills,  runs  a  serving-room, 
82  x  21  feet,  lighted  from  overhead  and  open- 
ing into  the  dining  hall  by  four  swinging 
doors.  Outside  of  this,  again,  is  the  scullery, 
formerly  used  for  dish  washing,  62  x  12  feet. 
Several  other  smaller  rooms  connecting  with 
these  larger  ones  waited  to  be  changed  over 
to  library  purposes ;  below  was  a  large 
kitchen,  53  x  34  feet,  with  ranges,  soup  ket- 
tles and  ovens,  and  under  the  main  part  of 
the  building  a  variety  of  other  storerooms 
and  offices.  In  the  main  dining  hall  above, 
we  found  that  we  could  build  a  stack  four 
stories  in  height,  made  up  of  thirty-four 
rows  running  across  the  building  from  north 
to  south,  each  row  composed  of  eighteen 
three-foot  sections,  the  whole  capable  of  hold- 
ing some  400,000  volumes.  A  narrow  passage- 
way runs  down  the  middle  and  along  one  side, 
while  along  the  other  side  is  a  wider  passage- 
way, with  room  enough  for  small  tables  and 
chairs  for  readers.  The  stack  is  of  simple 
construction,  built  of  scantling,  4x3  inches 
on  the  two  lower  stories  and  2x3  inches  on 
the  two  upper  stories.  On  the  floor  are  laid 
heavy  beams,  to  distribute  the  weight  better, 
and  on  these  the  successive  rows  of  shelving- 
are  built  up.  This  is  composed  essentially  of 
a  series  of  ladders  set  upright,  each  one  pre- 
cisely the  same  as  every  other,  tied  together 
at  the  top  and  steadied  by  the  iron  floor  plates 
which  span  the  rows.  The  only  new  material 
used  in  the  stack  is  the  upright  supports  and 
boards  for  a  little  of  the  flooring.  The 
shelves,  the  cleats  to  support  them,  and  the 
flooring  of  the  alleys  all  come  from  the  old 
building.  One  of  the  difficult  problems  of 
the  game  was  for  the  carpenters  to  clear  out 
the  shelves  and  rip  up  the  floor  of  the  old 
stack,  pressing  close  upon  the  heels  of  the 
men  who  were  moving  books,  and  then  to 
work  this  material  into  the  new  stack  in  time 
for  the  books  to  be  shelved.  It  was  almost 
as  if  we  were  forced  to  hold  the  books  in 
our  arms  while  floor  and  shelves  were  being 
torn  out  of  one  place  and  built  into  the  other. 
The  fact  that  we  had  made  a  beginning  by 
using  the  other  depositories  first,  and  so  giv- 
ing the  carpenters  a  start  before  we  began 
at  Randall,  alone  made  it  possible. 

For  moving  the  books,  open  wooden  boxes 
were  used,  about  four  and  a  half  feet  long 
and  fifteen  inches  wide,  with  strong  iron 
handles  at  the  end.  A  crew  of  men  in  Gore 
Hall,  working  under  the  direction  of  one  of 
the  young  men  familiar  with  the  shelves, 
placed  the  b»oks  in  these  boxes  in  precisely 
the  same  order  in  which  they  stood  on  the 
shelves  and  numbered  the  boxes  in  succes- 
sion. They  were  then  passed  through  a  win- 
dow and  slid  down  a  chute  built  up  outside 
and  ending  in  a  platform  at  just  the  height 
of  the  automobile  truck  which  carried  them 
to  Randall.  Each  load  consisted  of  twenty- 


four  boxes.  The  position  of  the  chute  was 
changed  from  time  to  time  as  books  were 
taken  from  different  floors  of  the  stack.  At 
Randall  another  crew  of  men  took  the  boxes 
.from  the  truck  and  carried  them  in  by  num- 
ber to  the  shelves,  where  the  books  were  put 
up  in  the  same  order  in  which  they  stood 
before.  After  the  lower  floor  was  filled,  a 
slanting  cable  was  stretched  to  the  second, 
third,  and  fourth  floors,  successively.  On  the 
cable  ran  two  trolley  wheels,  to  which  was 
attached  a  stout  piece  of  timber,  from  which 
two  hooks  hung  and  grappled  the  handles 
of  the  boxes;  they  were  then  hauled  up  to 
the  place  where  they  belonged.  All  carrying 
up  and  down  stairs  was  thus  avoided.  From 
thirty  to  forty  thousand  volumes  were  moved 
each  week,  the  count  running  up  to  fifty  and 
fifty-five  thousand  volumes,  respectively,  for 
two  weeks.  Other  libraries  have  moved  into 
new  buildings  much  more  rapidly  than  this, 
but  considering  that  the  construction  of  the 
stack  was  going  on  at  the  same  time  with  the 
moving,  and  that  the  new  stack  could  be  built 
only  as  fast  as  the  old  one  was  dismantled, 
the  record  seems  a  good  one,  and  great  credit 
is  due  to  Mr.  Frank  Carney,  the  superinten- 
dent of  the  building,  for  the  smoothness  and 
speed  witt  which  the  whole  operation  was 
carried  on.  The  first  books  were  moved  to 
Randall  Hall  October  10,  and  the  work  was 
practically  completed  December  7,  about  350,- 
coo  volumes  having  been  put  in  place. 

As  soon  as  the  books  began  to  disappear 
from  Gore  Hall,  where  the  delivery  desk  still 
remained  open,  an  electric  runabout  was  put 
into  commission  and  made  the  rounds  of  all 
tlie  depositories  three  times  a  day,  bringing 
back  books  foi  which  requests  had  been  left 
at  Gore  Hall  and  taking  back  to  their  places 
books  which  had  been  returned  there  by  bor- 
rowers. In  this  way,  throughout  the  moving, 
no  books  were  inaccessible,  except  those  which 
were  actually  in  transit,  and  we  could  main- 
tain what,  under  the  circumstances,  was  con- 
sidered a  reasonably  prompt  service.  As  the 
number  of  books  outside  of  Gore  Hall  in- 
creased, the  difficulty  of  serving  the  public 
increased  in  the  same  proportion,  but  the  de- 
livery desk  could  not  be  set  up  in  Randall 
until  the  moving  was  finished;  with  the  de- 
livery desk  had  to  go  the  catalog,  and  the 
catalog  had  to  be  followed  by  the  staff.  On 
Saturday,  December  7,  the  book  moving  hav- 
ing been  finished,  so  far  as  the  stack  in  Ran- 
dall Hall  was  concerned,  the  delivery  counter 
and  other  furniture  were  taken  over  to  Ran- 
dall, and  the  impedimenta  of  the  catalog  de- 
partment were  transported  at  the  same  time. 
On  Sunday  most  of  the  men  of  the  staff  as- 
sembled either  at  Gore  Hall  or  Randall  Hall, 
and  with  everyone's  help  the  3382  trays  of  the 
public  catalog  and  of  the  Library  of  Congress 
file  were  safely  moved  from  one  building  to 
the  other.  It  was  no  small  task,  for  the  cata- 
log cases  had  to  be  emptied  of  their  trays,  so 
that  their  frames  could  be  taken  over  sepa- 


84 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


rately  and  put  in  place  first.  The  trays  them- 
selves could  not  be  piled  up  one  on  another 
without  injury  to  the  cards,  because  the  back 
end  of  each  tray  is  lower  than  the  front  end. 
Two  small  empty  cases,  holding  seventy-five 
trays  each,  were  placed  in  the  truck,  the  trays 
were  passed  out  in  their  right  order  and  slid 
into  these  cases  as  carriers.  At  the  other  end 
they  were  taken  out  in  the  same  order  and 
passed  along  into  the  building  and  put  back 
into  the  cases  where  they  belonged.  To 
transfer  the  whole  3300  trays  in  this  way  in 
one  day  required  rapid  and  systematic  work, 
but  the  next  morning  the  library  opened  in 
Randall  Hall  ready  for  service,  as  usual.  The 
other  portions  of  the  staff  moved  over  at 
intervals  of  a  day  or  two,  and  suffered  no 
serious  interruption  in  their  work. 

The  administrative  work  of  the  library  is 
now  distributed  in  Randall  Hall  as  follows: 
In  the  west  end  of  the  main  hall,  the  space 
not  occupied  by  stack  runs  from  one  side  to 
the  other  and  measures  25  x  66  feet.  The 
delivery  desk  from  Gore  Hall  is  at  the  right- 
hand  end,  with  sufficient  room  behind  it  for 
convenience  and  with  direct  access  to  the 
stack.  The  catalog  cases  stand  in  four  rows 
down  the  length  of  the  other  end  of  this 
space.  Stairs  go  up  from  near  the  end  of 
the  delivery  counter  to  the  three  upper  floors 
of  the  stack.  Quite  unexpectedly  we  get  a 
good  reading-room  over  a  portion  of  this 
delivery  space.  To  stiffen  the  stack  and  pre- 
vent it  from  pitching  forward,  it  was  neces- 
sary to  brace  it  with  heavy  beams  running 
across  the  twenty-five-foot  space  to  the  other 
wall.  These  were  at  the  level  of  the  third 
floor,  and  it  was  found  that  we  could  floor 
them  over  and  make  a  reading-room  at  this 
level  25  x  45  feet,  and  yet  not  interfere  in 
the  least  with  the  light  below,  since  the  floor- 
ing did  not  reach  out  to  the  north  and  south 
walls.  The  serving-room  along  the  north  side 
of  the  building  is  occupied  by  the  order  de- 
partment and  the  shelf  department.  The 
scullery  accommodates  the  cataloging  staff. 
The  auditor's  office  becomes  a  small  reference 
room,  opening  out  from  the  delivery  room. 
After  some  shifting  of  partitions,  the  "stu- 
dent waiters'  dressing-room"  becomes  the  li- 
brarian's outer  office  and  registrar's  office;  a 
small  room,  called  a  "dormitory"  on  the  old 
plans,  is  turned  into  the  librarian's  office,  and 
another  "dormitory"  is  occupied  by  typewrit- 
ers. Typewriters  also  are  placed  in  the 
"pastry  and  ice-cream  room."  Below  in  the 
kitchen,  the  ranges  have  been  boarded  up, 
though  the  big  red  soup  cauldrons  may  still 
be  seen,  and  the  room  gives  ample  space  for 
unpacking  boxes  of  books,  collating  them, 
putting  in  seals,  etc.,  while  the  dumbwaiters 
going  up  to  the  shelf  department,  just  above, 
are  a  luxury  we  never  knew  in  Gore  Hall. 
A  bakery,  cut  off  from  one  side  of  the 
kitchen,  becomes  a  capital  bindery.  A  large 
space  in  the  basement,  divided  off  by  netting 
and  formerly  used  for  "dry  stores,"  is  the 


newspaper  room.  The  potato  room,  with  its 
brick  walls  and  hard  cement  floor,  newly 
whitened  and  shelved  with  the  sliding  cases 
from  the  Treasure  Room  in  Gore  Hall, 
makes  a  safe  depository  for  our  rarest  and 
most  valuable  books.  There  are  refrigerators 
in  bewildering  variety,  some  of  which  are 
used  for  storing  boxes  of  books  before  they 
are  unpacked,  and  in  one  of  which  we  may 
put  the  books  of  the  "Inferno."  The  dining- 
room  which  had  been  used  for  the  servants 
of  the  building  gives  a  better  lunch  and  rest- 
room  for  the  staff  than  they  had  before.  The 
stack  is  directly  accessible  from  the  delivery 
desk  and  from  the  workrooms.  The  card 
catalog  is  equally  accessible  to  staff  and  to 
public.  The  passageways  along  the  south  side 
of  the  stack  give  better  chance  for  working 
in  the  stack  than  we  have  had  in  Gore  Hall 
in  recent  years,  and,  on  the  whole,  we  find 
ourselves  able  to  carry  on  the  work  of  the 
library  with  unexpected  ease  and  efficiency 
while  waiting  for  the  new  building  which  is 
in  prospect. 

Of  the  new  building,  some  account  may  be 
given  in  another  number  of  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL. 

DAVIS    MEMORIAL    LIBRARY    OF 
PHILLIPS   EXETER   ACADEMY 

THE  cornerstone  of  this  library  was  laid  in 
October,  1911,  and  the  building  was  formally 
opened  on  Dec.  12,  1912.  Funds  for  its  erec- 
tion were  provided  by  a  legacy  of  $50,000 
from  the  late  Benjamin  P.  Davis,  of  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y.,  but  accumulated  interest  and  sup- 
plementary appropriations  bring  the  total  cost 
to  $70,000.  The  recent  buildings  of  the  Acad- 
emy are  of  colonial  brick  architecture,  which 
harmonizes  with  the  colonial  wooden  houses 
of  Exeter  and  the  surrounding  country. 

The  library  realizes  all  the  refined  dignity 
and  grace  of  the  best  colonial  culture.  It  has 
a  frontage  of  seventy-two  feet  and  a  depth  of 
forty-seven  feet  two  inches,  with  rear  projec- 
tions, which  brings  the  extreme  depth  to  sixty- 
six  feet  four  inches.  The  material  is  Exeter 
brick,  with  trim  of  Vermont  marble.  The 
foundation  is  of  concrete,  and  the  construc- 
tion is  fireproof,  with  reinforced  concrete  un- 
derfloors,  partitions  and  wall  linings  of  tubu- 
lar terra-cotta  blocks,  steel  beams  and  roof 
trusses  and  metal  lathing.  All  wiring  is  run 
in  metal  pipes,  and  steam  for  heat  is  brought 
from  the  central  heating  plant. 

Fixtures  for  lighting  by  both  gas  and  elec- 
tricity have  been  installed.  Special  effort  has 
been  made  to  have  the  heating  and  ventilating 
system  thoroughly  efficient  and  yet  unobtru- 
sive. The  finish  and  furniture  are  of  wood, 
as  are  the  upper  floors  of  the  principal  rooms. 
The  main  corridors  have  marble  upper  floors, 
and  minor  halls  and  stairways  are  of  concrete 
and  iron. 

The  main  entrance  opens  into  a  commodi- 
ous vestibule,  and  this  into  the  spacious  cen- 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


tral  corridor.  In  this  will  be  placed  a  bronze 
memorial  tablet  to  the  donor  of  the  building. 
To  the  left  of  the  corridor  is  a  large  room 
which  will  for  the  present  be  used  as  a  class- 
room. To  the  right  is  a  smaller  classroom, 
which  communicates  directly  with  the  stacks 
and  basement.  Both  rooms  can  be  put  to 
convenient  library  use  when  needed. 

At  the  rear  of  the  corridor  is  the  main 
stairway,  of  marble,  with  bronze  railings. 
From  the  landing,  double  stairways  of  marble 
run  to  the  upper  corridors.  A  large  arched 
window  above  the  landing  brilliantly  lights 
the  stairway  and  both  corridors.  The  upper 
corridor  opens  in  its  full  width  into  the  read- 
ing room.  The  entrance  is  marked,  however, 
by  an  arched  canopy,  borne  by  four  columns, 
under  which  is  a  raised  platform  for  the  de- 
livery desk. 

The  reading  room  extends  across  the  entire 
front  of  the  building,  and  is  twenty-four  feet 
in  width.  It  is  well  lighted  by  three  large 
and  eleven  small  windows,  and  by  the  large 
corridor  window.  At  either  end  is  a  fireplace. 
The  ceiling  is  divided  into  three  deeply  re- 
cessed panels,  and  both  the  ceiling  and  walls 
are  richly  ornamented  with  plaster  work. 
They  are  tinted  in  a  soft  gray  throughout  the 
building.  Bookcases  are  built  in  around  the 
walls,  and  low  cases  project  into  the  room 
and  divide  the  floor  into  three  parts  to  corre- 
spond to  the  paneling  of  the  ceiling.  This 
gives  readers  the  retirement  and  quiet  of  a 
small  room,  while  the  attendant  at  the  desk 
or  a  person  standing  anywhere  in  the  room 
can  see  over  the  whole.  The  furniture  is  of 
Flemish  oak.  In  the  reading  room,  delicacy 
and  charm  are  added  to  the  dignity  and  grace 
of  the  exterior. 

To  the  right  of  the  upper  corridor  is  a 
room,  twenty  by  twenty-four  feet  in  size,  for 
the  valuable  library  and  collections  which  Mr. 
Edwin  F.  Rice  has  presented  to  the  Academy. 
To  the  left  of  this  corridor  is  the  librarian's 
room,  sixteen  by  eleven  feet  in  size.  This  has 
direct  communication,  also,  with  the  reading 
room,  the  stacks  and  the  basement  work- 
rooms. Under  the  librarian's  room  is  the 
cataloging  room,  fifteen  feet  ten  inches  by 
eleven  feet  five  inches  in  size,  which  has  the 
same  access  as  the  librarian's  room  to  the 
stacks  and  basement.  In  the  cataloging  room 
is  a  vault  for  rare  books  and  papers.  The 
librarian's  room,  the  cataloging  room  and  the 
basement  workrooms  have  excellent  light. 

The  stack  projection  is  fitted  with  Snead 
steel  stacks  for  25,000  volumes,  and  the  plans 
allow  extension  to  the  rear  as  new  space  is 
required.  Below  the  stacks  is  an  unpacking 
room,  with  built-in  tables  on  three  sides  and 
a  book-lift  which  runs  up  through  the  stacks, 
conveniently  near  the  doors  to  the  cataloging 
and  librarian's  rooms  and  corridors. 

The  architects  were  Cram,  Goodhue  &  Fer- 
guson, of  Boston  and  New  York.  The  prin- 
cipal contractor  was  the  Central  Building 
Company,  of  Worcester,  Mass. 


The  library,  which  is  in  charge  of  Miss 
Mabel  Cilley,  now  numbers  5000  volumes. 
The  Rice  collections  more  than  double  this 
number,  and  other  gifts  already  promised  will 
soon  tax  the  present  book  capacity  of  the  new 
building.  ASA  C.  TILTON. 

PRISON    LIBRARIES 

IN  a  recent  number  of  the  Survey,  Florence 
Rising  Curtis  describes  the  state  of  the  libra- 
ries provided  for  the  inmates  in  23  prisons 
chosen  from  all  sections  of  the  country. 
Eight  were  in  the  east,  twelve  in  the  middle 
west,  two  in  the  west  and  one  in  the  south. 

"With  few  exceptions,"  says  the  writer, 
"they  are  far  below  the  grade  of  the  average 
public  library  of  the  same  size;  the  classes 
of  history,  biography  and  travel,  which  should 
be  especially  strong,  are  often  filled  with  out- 
of-date  and  unreadable  books.  It  is  surpris- 
ing that  detective  stories  figure  largely  in  the 
fiction  lists,  for  it  would  seem  dubious  policy 
to  furnish  stories  of  crime  which  suggest  in- 
genious plans  and  point  out  the  weak  spots 
in  the  method  of  their  execution. 

"Books  which  emphasize  sensual  details  are 
surely  not  good  mental  food  for  men  taken 
out  of  normal  human  intercourse  and  shut 
away  with  their  thoughts;  yet  the  prison  li- 
braries contain  the  novels  of  many  modern 
'realistic'  writers.  .  .  . 

"The  make-up  of  the  prison  library  catalog 
is  seldom  good ;  of  those  examined,  only  four- 
teen were  classified,  and  in  many  cases  the 
divisions  were  too  general  to  be  of  much 
value. 

"Two  were  arranged  only  by  author,  four 
by  title  only ;  two  had  no  authors  given,  and 
one  of  these  was  arranged  in  the  order  ot 
the  receipt  of  the  books.  In  many  catalogs 
the  printing  was  poor  and  the  entries  inaccu- 
rate. In  one,  the  books  seemed  to  have  been 
classified  by  the  sound  of  the  title,  as  the  sec- 
tion of  'Religious  books'  included  The  sor- 
rows of  Satan/  The  breath  of  the  gods/ 
The  conquest  of  Canaan/  The  little  minister/ 
The  choir  invisible'  and  The  fruit  of  the 
tree.'  .  .  . 

"These  libraries  have  received  in  bulk  a 
large  number  of  the  old  Sunday  school  collec- 
tions of  out-of-date  religious  and  temperance 
books;  they  are  decidedly  lacking  in  readable 
informational  literature  —  biography,  travel, 
science  and  books  on  present-day  invention 
and  progress.  Such  literature  is  especially 
needed  here,  for  it  is  the  experience  of  those 
in  charge  that  prison  men  tire  of  stories  and 
crave  more  solid  reading.  Books  on  the  tech- 
nical trades  are  being  added  to  the  prison  li- 
braries in  very  fair  proportion.  The  fiction 
generally  makes  a  poor  showing,  the  quality 
being  usually  inferior,  although  the  quantity 
is  in  good  proportion." 

A  detailed  report  of  the  N.  Y.  L.  A.  com- 
mittee on  libraries  in  penal  institutions  of 
New  York  state  for  the  year  1911-1912  tells 


86 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


of  progress  in  creating  a  sentiment  in  favor 
of  definite  action  on  the  part  of  those  who 
are  -responsible  for  the  administration  of 
penal  institutions.  The  reports  of  the  Super- 
intendent of  State  Prisons  for  the  year  end- 
ing Sept.  30,  1911  (published  in  January, 
1912),  gives  evidence  of  this  fact.  The  actual 
accomplishments  of  the  year  in  the  various 
prisons  are  not  very  substantial,  but  the  mere 
fact  that  space  is  given  to  the  libraries  in  the 
reports  of  the  chaplains  and  heads  of  prison 
schools  shows  an  encouraging  advance  over 
the  situations  existing  only  a  few  years  ago. 

In  some  prisons,  the  library  is  considered 
primarily  as  a  means  of  recreation;  in  others, 
such  as  Auburn,  the  library  is  chiefly  made 
up  of  text-books,  carefully  graded  and  given 
out  to  the  men  only  when  they  are  well  pre- 
pared to  understand  and  digest  them.  In 
many  prisons  every  inmate  has  one  or  two 
books  each  week.  At  the  Clinton  prison 
school  less  than  fifteen  dollars  was  spent 
last  year  on  books,  including  text-books  and 
library  books.  The  circulation  at  the  Elmira 
reformatory  was  85,000  for  6000  books.  At 
least  a  third  of  this  number  consisted  of  non- 
fiction  books. 

The  committee  states  that  the  best  method 
of  caring  for  the  libraries  in  penal  and  char- 
itable institutions  is  that  employed  in  Wis- 
consin, where  the  Library  Commission  has  a 
representative,  whose  duties  are  to  organize, 
develop  and  supervise  these  libraries.  The 
supervising  librarian  visits  the  institutions, 
makes  a  study  of  the  books  on  hand,  the  pos- 
sibilities in  the  way  of  rooms,  equipment,  as- 
sistance on  the  part  of  employees,  etc.,  and 
advises  as  to  the  purchase  of  books,  the  ar- 
rangement of  the  collection,  the  installation  of 
a  record  and  loan  system,  trains  inmates  who 
are  to  have  charge  of  the  libraries,  and  main- 
tains supervision  by  occasional  visits. 

A  movement  toward  such  a  method  has 
been  begun  in  New  York,  and  it  is  hoped 
that  such  a  legislative  enactment  may  be  the 
ultimate  result  in  that  state. 


NEW   YORK'S   LEGISLATIVE   BUREAU 
AND  LIBRARY 

Ix  view  of  the  movement  in  Wisconsin  and 
other  states  for  the  establishment  of  legisla- 
tive bureaus  and  libraries,  we  note  the  intro- 
duction in  the  New  York  State  Assembly  of 
a  bill  to  provide  such  a  bureau  in  that  state. 
The  provisions  are  as  follows : 

The  new  bureau  is  to  be  in  charge  of  a 
director,  appointed  by  joint  ballot  of  the  two 
Houses.  It  is  to  establish  a  legislative  li- 
brary, open  the  year  round,  and  is  to  have  in 
its  office  an  official  index  of  all  bills  and  the 
journals  of  each  House. 

Before  it  is  introduced,  a  bill  must  first 
have  the  scrutiny  of  the  bureau  experts  as  to 
its  form  and  constitutionality.  If  amended, 
it  must  again  be  examined  by  them.  For  this 
purpose,  a  new  committee  in  the  Assembly 


is  to  be  created,  known  as  the  committee  on 
bills. 

One  of  the  most  important  functions  of 
the  bureau  will  be  its  authority  to  recom- 
mend that  a  bill  be  referred  to  a  certain  com- 
mittee. It  will  also  read  the  proof  on  all 
bills,  and  will  take  charge  of  the  publication 
of  all  state  reports  and  documents. 

The  director  will  have  the  appointment  of 
expert  assistants,  and  it  is  suggested  that  they 
be  appointed  from  an  eligible  list,  prepared 
by  the  Civil  Service  Commission,  so  the  state 
will  always  have  the  services  of  trained  legis- 
lative experts. 

The  purpose  of  maintaining  the  bureau 
throughout  the  year  is  that  it  will  consult 
with  the  various  state  officers  and  with  the 
heads  of  departments  with  reference  to  legis- 
lation that  may  be  desired  in  the  next  session, 
and  is  to  prepare  and  submit  detailed  reports 
of  its  researches.  The  bureau  also  will  serve 
in  connection  with  special  legislative  commit- 
tees, in  this  way  doing  away  with  the  cost  of 
counsel. 

The  bill  provides  for  the  construction  of 
the  Senate  and  Assembly  library,  with  the 
use  of  the  new  legislative  library  in  connec- 
tion with  the  bureau.  This  library  is  to  in- 
clude the  present  Senate  and  Assembly  libra- 
ries, and  books,  pamphlets  and  records  from 
the  State  Library  and  other  sources.  It  is 
to  be  a  part  of  the  State  Library,  and  no 
change  is  to  be  made  in  the  legislative  refer- 
ence department  of  the  State  Library. 


THE  LEIPZIG  BOOK  EXPOSITION,  1914 

THE  International  Exhibition  for  the  Book 
Industry  and  the  Graphic  Arts,  to  be  held  at 
Leipzig  in  1914,  is  to  embrace: 

1.  The   entire  book  industry,  inclusive  of 
photography. 

2.  The  graphic  arts. 

3.  All     allied     industries     and     auxiliary 
branches. 

The  exhibition  will  be  international,  and  all 
the  civilized  countries  of  the  world  will  be 
permitted  to  participate. 

The  exhibition  is  to  be  opened  early  in 
May,  1914,  and  closed  at  the  end  of  October, 
1914. 

Notification  of  exhibiting  on  forms  pro- 
vided by  the  management  must  be  returned, 
at  the  latest,  by  June  30,  1913. 

There  is  to  be  a  group  devoted  to  libraries, 
bibliography,  bibliophilism  and  collections,  and 
will  embrace  the  following  classes: 

Fitting  up  of  libraries,  library  plans,  views, 
furniture,  catalogs  of  libraries,  etc. 

Public  libraries  and  reading  rooms. 

Bibliography  organization  of  intellectual 
work. 

Amateur  printing. 

Collections  of  posters,  ex  libris,  stamps 
(philately). 

Fuller  information  on  this  subject  may  be 
found  in  an  article  in  the  Publishers'  Weekly 
for  Jan.  18,  1913. 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


CARNEGIE  AND   CARNEGIE  CORPO- 
RATION LIBRARY  GIFTS,  1912 

ORIGINAL    GIFTS.     UNITED    STATES 

Amory,    Mississippi $10,000 

McMinville,    Oregon 10,000 

Morris,    Illinois 12,500 

Clarkston   and    Vineland,    Washington    (two 

towns    combined) 10,000 

Garland,    Utah 5,000 

Gibsonburg,  Ohio 9.000 

Coalinga,    California 10,000 

Memphis,   Texas 10,000 

Metropolis,    Illinois 9,000 

Osborne,    Kansas 6,000 

Pickerington,    Ohio 10,000 

Pomeroy,   Ohio 1 0,000 

Spring  Valley,  Illinois 15,000 

Kilbourn,   Wisconsin 6,000 

Oakland,   Maine 6,000 

Puyallup,    Washington 12,500 

Tiffin,   Ohio 25,000 

Wellsville,  Ohio 10,000 

*Benson,  Minnesota 7,5oo 

*Brookfield,    Illinois 10,000 

*Caldwell,    Idaho 12,500 

*Cedir   City,    Utah 10,000 

*Gainesville,     Texas 15,000 

*Gilmer.     Texas 7.500 

*Latta,    South    Carolina 5,ooo 

*  Martin,  Tennessee 9,000 

*Minncapolis,   Minnesota   (four  branches)..  125,000 

*Seward,     Nebraska 8,000 

*  Sherman,    Texas 20,000 

*Alpena,    Michigan 25,000 

*Cherryvale,   Kansas 10,000 

*Mexico,    Missouri 12,500 

*Valdosta,     Georgia 15,000 

*  Auburn,   Washington 9,000 

*Barron,   Wisconsin 6,500 

*Cuthbert,    Oregon 5,ooo 

*Gibbon,    Nebraska 6,000 

*Glen    Ellyn,    Illinois 8,000 

Grand    Ledge,    Michigan 10,000 

*Grattan    Township,    Nebraska    (for    town- 
ship and  city  of  O'Neil) 10,000 

*Columbus,   Kansas 10,000 

*Fu11erton.    Nebraska '. 6,000 

*Kendallville,    Indiana 12,500 

*Lakeville,    Massachusetts 5,ooo 

*Oakland,    Indiana 7,5oo 

*Paulding  County,   Ohio. 40,000 

*Perry,    New   York 12,000 

*Port  Townsend,    Washington 12,500 

*  Spokane.    Washington    (two   branches)  ....  70,000 
*White    Bear,    Minnesota S.ooo 

*  Wichita,    Kansas 75,000 

*  Palestine.  Texas 15,000 

*Richmond,    Utah 8,000 

*Thornton,   Indiana 6,000 

*Corydon,   Indiana 1 1,000 

*  Boston,     Georgia 6,000 

*Chardon,    Ohio 8,000 

*Hood  River,  Oregon 1 7,500 

*Hopkinsville,    Kentucky 15,000 

*Or.tario,   Oregon 7,500 

Somerville.   Massachusetts 80,000 


*  Portland,    Oregon    (four   branches) 

*Elizabeth,  New  Jersey   (new  branch) 


60,000 
25,000 


$962,000 


INCREASES,     UNITED     STATES 


Knirhtstown,    Indiana $1,000 

Wp.yne,  Nebraska 1,500 

Eldon,    Iowa 2,500 

Muskogee.    Oklahoma 15,0°° 

Longmont,    Colorado 2,500 

Napoleon,     Ohio 3,ooo 

Rushville,    Illinois 2,500 

Hot   Springs,  South   Dakota 2,500 

New    Orleans,    Louisiana 25,000 

Missonla.    Montana 0,000 

Ocala,     Florida S.ooo 

Union,    Oregon 500 

^lirabfth.    New    Jersey *,7O3 

*Nashville,  Tennessee  (two  branches) 50,000 


$207,703 

ORIGINAL   GIFTS,    CANADA 

Chesley,    Ontario $10,000 

*New  Hamburg,  Ontario 6,000 

*Watford,    Ontario 6,000 

$22,000 

INCREASES,     CANADA 

Calgary,    Alberta $30,000 

Beayerton,    Ontario 2,000 

Whitby,   Ontario 4,250 

Elmira,    Ontario 2,000 

Regina,    Sask 9,500 

;  $47,750 


ORIGINAL     GIFTS,     ENGLAND    AND     WALES 

*Catton    England  (contribution  toward  cost)  £50 

*Sproatley,  Hull   (contribution  toward  cost)  80 

*Barrow-in-Furness 12,000 

*I<lantrisant,  Glam 3,500 

£15,630 


INCREASES,     ENGLAND    AND    WALES 

Saint    Albans £597 

433-10 


Radcliffe. 


£1,030.10 


ORIGINAL    GIFTS,    SCOTLAND 

Mid    Yell,    Shetland    (contribution    towards 

cost) £190 

Juniper  Green   (contribution  towards  cost) .         100 


£290 


ORIGINAL    GIFTS,     IRELAND 

Castleisland £1,500 

*Pembroke  U.  D.   C.   (two  buildings) 7,000 

'Newcastle    (seven   buildings) 3,900 

*Dundrum  Division,  Rathdown  No.  i,  Rural 

District  Council 1,500 


£13,900 

OTHER    GIFTS,     ORIGINAL 

*Potchefstroom,   South   Africa £2,500 

SUMMARY    OF    LIBRARY    BUILDINGS,     1912 

U.   S.   and  Canada,  64  new  gifts,  including 

68  new  buildings $984,000 

U.  S.  and  Canada,  21  increases  to  previous 

gifts,  including  7  new  buildings 255,453 

United  Kingdom,  10  new  gifts,  including 

13  new  buildings 149,100 

United  Kingdom,  2  increases  to  previous 

gifts 5,150 

*South  Africa,  i  new  building 12,500 


$1,406,203 

75  new  gifts,  comprising  82  new  buildings. 
23    increases    to   previous    gifts,    including    7 

new   buildings. 
Total,   89   new   library  buildings    (and   four 

assisted    partially) $1,406,203 

This  makes  the  total  gifts  for  1912   $1,406,203,    as 
against  $2,611,46010  1911. 

The  total  library  gifts  to  date,  Dec.  31,  1912,  is  as 
follows : 

7320  Public    library    buildings $55, "7,425 

115  College    library   buildings 3,675,753 

2435  $58,793,178 

NOTE.  —  Those   items    marked    with    an    asterisk    are 
given  through  the  Carnegie  Corporation  of  New  York. 


88 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


LIBRARY   COMMISSION   FOR  KANSAS 
URGED 

THE  librarian  at  the  Kansas  State  Normal 
School,  W.  H.  Kerr,  in  the  Kansas  School 
Magazine  for  January,  1913,  advocates  an  ex- 
tension of  the  state's  present  system  for  trav- 
eling libraries  by  having  a  library  field  agent 
to  cooperate  with  schools  and  communities 
and  thus  centralize  the  library  service  of  the 
state. 

"Oregon  and  Washington  are  receiving  big 
dividends  from  their  hearty  encouragement  of 
library  organization.  The  fountain-head  of 
library  activity  in  these  and  many  other  states 
is  the  well-supported  state  library  commission, 
with  its  traveling  books  plus  its  traveling 
library  visitor.  The  book  alone  cannot  da  the 
work;  the  vital  touch  comes  from  the  library 
visitor.  The  library  visitor  studies  the  field, 
uses  the  agencies  already  in  existence,  unites 
them,  gives  them  a  common  interest,  and  sets 
them  to  work. 

"The  legislature  will  be  asked  to  amend 
Section  9029  of  the  General  Statutes,  1909,  so 
as  to  authorize  the  Traveling  Libraries  Com- 
mission to  employ  a  library  visitor  or  organ- 
izer, and  to  grant  an  additional  appropriation 
of  $2000  per  annum  for  the  salary  and  travel- 
ing expenses  of  said  visitor." 


LIBRARY  EXHIBIT  AT  THE  R.  I.  CHILD 
WELFARE  CONFERENCE 

THE  library  exhibit  at  the  Rhode  Island 
Child  Welfare  Conference,  which  was  held  at 
Providence,  January  7-13,  represented  a  chil- 
dren's room.  It  was  typical  in  every  respect, 
excepting  that  books  were  not  issued  for  cir- 
culation. 

The  low  cases  were  filled  with  children's 
books  lent  by  various  libraries  in  the  state. 
The  card  catalog  was  complete  from  A  to  Z. 
The  attendant's  table  was  fitted  out  with  all 
necessary  paraphernalia,  so  that  the  uniniti- 
ated might  learn  what  to  do  in  a  real  library. 
Colored  prints  upon  the  wall  and  potted  plants 
furnished  spots  of  color  against  the  soft  gray 
of  the  screens  forming  the  alcove.  The  tables 
were  surrounded  every  minute  with  boy  and 
girl  readers,  many  of  whom  had  never  before 
realized  what  treasures  the  libraries  had  in 
store  for  them. 

Following  the  precedent  of  other  exhibits 
of  the  kind,  the  furnishings  were  borrowed 
from  the  Library  Bureau.  Booklists  from 
libraries  outside  the  state,  as  well  as  from 
several  Rhode  Island  libraries,  were  distrib- 
uted by  the  attendants. 

The  Providence  Public  Library  printed  for 
the  occasion  a  list  of  selected  books  relating 
to  the  various  phases  of  child  welfare  in- 
cluded in  the  conference,  and  with  each  title 
was  given  the  call-number  of  that  library — 
those  volumes,  also,  to  be  found  at  the  public 
libraries  of  Pawtucket,  Westerly,  Newport  or 
Woonsocket  being  checked  with  initials.  The 


books,  which  were  shelved  near  the  attend- 
ant's table,  found  many  interested  readers 
among  the  parents  and  child  welfare  workers 
who  visited  the  exhibit. 

The  Deborah  Cook  Sayles  Public  Library, 
of  Pawtucket,  sent  for  distribution  copies  of 
a  booklist  for  the  children,  entitled  "A  library 
A  B  C."  In  the  form  of  a  merry  jingle,  this 
gave  an  alphabetical  list  of  many  of  the  best- 
known  authors  of  children's  books. 

Statistics  on  the  screens  called  attention  to 
the  many  good  things  which  Rhode  Island 
libraries  are  doing  for  the  children.  Greater 
emphasis,  however,  was  laid  upon  the  things 
yet  to  be  done.  The  committee  tactfully  con- 
trived to  take  seriously  to  task  the  public 
libraries  of  the  state  and  the  state  itself. 

One  screen  effectively  chronicled,  by  a  chain 
of  links,  the  development  of  the  work  of  the 
children's  department  at  the  Providence  Pub- 
lic Library  with  the  schools.  Since  1900,  when 
the  children's  room  was  opened,  the  children's 
department  of  that  library  has  grown  so  as 
to  include  a  teacher's  library  and  a  classroom 
devoted  to  school  reference  books.  Special 
privileges  are  granted  teachers  in  borrowing 
books  for  school  use,  and  books  are  loaned 
to  the  schools,  to  be  reissued  to  the  pupils. 
Lectures  on  the  use  of  books  and  of  the  library 
are  given  to  school  children,  to  school  moth- 
ers' clubs  and  to  the  student  teachers  of  the 
Rhode  Island  Normal  School,  who  visit  the 
library  in  class. 

The  adjoining  screen  displayed  photographs 
of  the  children's  rooms  of  the  libraries  at 
Pawtucket,  Westerly,  Newport,  Olneyville, 
Central  Falls  and  Pontiac,  where  similar  work 
is  being  developed,  so  far  as  the  varied  re- 
sources of  these  libraries  will  permit. 

These  two  screens,  although  telling  of  the 
splendid  work  that  is  being  done,  forcefully 
brought  home  to  the  people  of  Rhode  Island 
the  fact  that  only  seven  of  the  fifty-eight  pub- 
lic libraries  of  the  state  are  making  an  at- 
tempt to  carry  on  organized  work  of  this  sort. 

A  cartoon  which  was  designed  to  bring  out 
the  ineffectiveness  of  children's  work  without 
leadership  and  sufficient  advertising,  repre- 
sented a  troop  of  soldiers,  each  of  whom  bore 
a  well-known  child's  book  as  his  shield. 

"Soldiers  who  march: 
Into  every  child's  home. 

Every    child's    heart. 

Every   child's   soul. 
The  soldiers  must  have  a  captain  and  a  trumpeter." 

A  carefully  worked-out  chart  brought  to 
light  the  rather  significant  fact  that  those 
public  libraries  in  Rhode  Island  which  have 
the  largest  circulation  per  capita  are  those 
receiving  the  greatest  support,  financially. 

That  the  children  of  the  out-of-town  dis- 
tricts are  being  provided  with  good  reading 
was  brought  to  mind  by  a  case  of  books, 
typical  of  the  traveling  libraries  sent  out  un- 
der the  direction  of  the  R.  I.  State  Board  of 
Education.  Statistics  stated  that  of  the  182 
traveling  libraries  now  in  circulation  in  Rhode 
Island,  107  are  for  the  use  of  the  children 


CHARLES   CARROLL   SOULE- 
1842-1913 


February,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


89 


of  the  rural  communities.  A  map,  showing 
the  towns  to  which  these  libraries  are  sent, 
also  made  obvious  the  fact  that  there  are 
many  rural  districts  in  Rhode  Island  in  which 
traveling  libraries  have  not  yet  been  placed. 

The  screens  of  all  departments  of  the  con- 
ference were  cataloged  and  classified,  and  at 
the  close  of  the  conference  they  were  de- 
posited at  the  Providence  Public  Library. 
From  time  to  time,  those  comprising  various 
exhibits  will  be  loaned  for  exhibitions  and 
lectures  throughout  the  state,  and  will  be 
brought  forth  when  legislation  upon  some 
phase  of  child  welfare  is  pending. 

MARGARET  B.  STILLWELL. 


CHARLES  CARROLL  SOULE 

CHARLES  CARROLL  SOULE,  long  identified  with 
the  book  publishing  business  and  interested  in 
library  work,  died,  January  7,  in  his  home  in 
Brookline,  Mass.,  aged  70.  Mr.  Soule  was 
born  in  Boston,  June  25,  1842,  was  educated 
at  the  Boston  Latin  School,  and  graduated 
from  Harvard  in  1862.  With  the  formation 
of  the  Forty-fourth  Massachusetts  Regiment, 
he  joined  it  as  a  private  in  October.  Three 
weeks  after  he  was  commissioned  lieutenant 
in  Company  B.  When  the  term  of  service 
expired,  he  joined  the  Fifty-fifth  Massachus- 
etts as  captain  of  Company  K,  remaining  with 
it  through  the  war. 

In  May,  1866,  he  became  a  clerk  with  Lit- 
tle, Brown  &  Co.,  in  Boston.  In  October, 
1869,  he  went  west,  and  became  the  senior 
partner  in  a  new  firm  of  Soule,  Thomas  & 
Winsor,  law  and  general  booksellers  in  St. 
Louis.  This  firm  later  became  Soule,  Thomas 
&  Wentworth,  but  in  May,  1878,  Mr.  Soule 
accepted  an  offer  of  partnership  in  Little, 
Brown  &  Co.,  sold  out  his  interest  in  the  St. 
Louis  firm  and  came  back  to  Boston.  He  was 
with  Little,  Brown  &  Co.  until  May,  1881. 
At  that  time  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
James  A.  Bugbee,  of  Boston,  under  the  name 
of  Soule  &  Bugbee,  doing  a  law  book  business 
in  Boston.  Mr.  Bugbee  retired  from  the  firm 
Oct.  i,  1884,  and  the  business  was  then  car- 
ried on  by  Mr.  Soule  alone. 

In  1889,  Mr.  Soule  incorporated  the  busi- 
ness under  the  name  of  the  Boston  Book  Co., 
becoming  its  first  president  and  its  only  presi- 
dent up  to  the  time  of  his  death.  At  the  time 
of  incorporation,  a  library  department  was 
added  to  the  law  bookstore,  specializing  in 
back  files  of  periodicals  for  libraries.  This 
was  a  dkect  result  of  a  need  for  such  mate- 
rial that  Mr.  Soule  felt,  probably  through 
his  connection  with  the  Brookline  Public  Li- 
brary as  trustee. 

Mr.  Soule  was  always  keenly  interested  in 
the  development  of  libraries.  He  joined  the 
A.  L.  A.  in  1879.  He  was  a  trustee  of  the 
Brookline  Public  Library  from  1880-1899,  was 
a  member  of  the  Publishing  Board  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  from  1890-1908,  vice-president  of 


the  A.  L.  A.,  1890;  member  of  the  Council, 
1893-1806  and  1900-1905;  trustee  endowment 
fund,  i894-rioo6;  and  a  member  of  the  Amer- 
ican Library  Institute  since  its  inception. 

Always  especially  interested  in  the  planning 
of  library  buildings,  Mr.  Soule,  during  recent 
years,  had  been  known  as  an  adviser  on  li- 
brary planning,  and  helped  thus  to  secure 
good  buildings  for  many  communities. 

His  publications  were :  Article  on  "Library" 
for  Sturgis'  "Dictionary  of  architecture" 
(1901)  ;  A.  L.  A.  tract  on  "Library  rooms  and 
buildings"  (1902)  ;  "How  to  plan  a  library 
building  for  library  work"  (1912).  Among 
the  legal  profession,  his  "Lawyers'  reference 
manual  of  law  books  and  citations,"  published 
in  1883,  has  always  been  one  of  the  necessary 
books. 

Mr.  Soule  was  particularly  well  known  as 
an  expert  on  library  planning. 

THE  QUEENS  BOROUGH  LIBRARY 
SITUATION 

IN  reporting  a  December  special  meeting 
of  the  'Queens  Borough  Library  trustees,  the 
Long  Island  Weekly  Star  tells  of  the  defeat 
of  a  scheme  to  appoint  a  director  at  a  salary 
of  $6000.  "The  attorney,"  says  the  Star,  "by 
the  use  of  unexpended  balances,  had  found  a 
way  by  which  this  $6000  could  be  raised,  and 
so  he  recommended  the  appointment  of  the 
director.  It  also  developed  that  Dr.  Harris 
A.  Houghton  was  slated  for  this  position.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees,  and  of 
late  he  has  been  spending  time  familiarizing 
himself  with  the  administration  of  the  library 
in  anticipation  of  his  election  to  this  impor- 
tant post.  But  a  majority  of  the  board  re- 
fused, on  Friday  night,  to  sanction  the  plan 
of  the  attorney." 

In  the  same  issue  of  the  Star  appears  this 
letter  from  Dr.  Houghton: 

Editor  Star. 

Dear  Sir:  I  notice  with  some  amusement 
that  in  the  course  of  an  account  of  the 
monthly  meeting  of  the  board  of  trustees  of 
the  Queens  Borough  Public  Library,  the  Star 
mentioned  my  name  in  connection  with  a  pro- 
posed new  position  in  the  library  service, 
namely,  that  of  director. 

I  will  be  duly  apprciative  if  the  Star  will 
publish  my  contradiction  of  this  statement. 
In  the  first  place,  it  is  not  at  all  likely  that 
if  I  desired  the  position  that  I  could  get  it, 
as  the  general  feeling  among  the  members  of 
the  board  is  decidedly  in  favor  of  a  technical- 
ly trained  head,  to  be  chosen  from  among  the 
best  the  country  has  produced  by  competitive 
examination — a  feeling  with  which  I  am  in 
hearty  accord.  In  the  second  place,  I  have 
not  had  such  technical  training.  In  the  third 
place,  it  would  not  pay  me  in  dollars  to  take 
it.  Fourthly,  I  love  my  profession  too  much 
to  leave  it.  Fifthly,  I  am  not  a  candidate 
for  any  public  office  which  has  a  salary  at- 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


tached  to  it,  such  service  I  can  give  to  the 
community  being  gladly  given  voluntarily. 
Sixthly,  there  are  several  other  good  reasons 
which  I  might  give,  but  which  would  occupy 
too  much  space  in  your  valuable  paper. 
Very  cordially  yours, 

HARRIS  A.  HOUGHTON,  M.D. 
There  is  now  before  the  New  York  State 
Legislature  a  bill  amending  the  provisions  of 
incorporation  of  the  Queens  Borough  Public 
Library.  It  specifies  that  the  terms  of  office 
of  the  trustees  must  not  exceed  five  years, 
and  that  the  trustees  shall  be  chosen  and 
vacancies  filled  by  appointment  by  the  Mayor 
of  New  York  City.  At  present,  the  terms  of 
office  and  the  manner  of  selecting  the  trus- 
tees, subject  to  the  Mayor's  approval,  are  pro- 
vided in  the  by-laws.  This  act  also  legislates 
out  of  office  the  present  trustees  of  the  li- 
brary, upon  the  appointment  of  their  suc- 
cessors.   

THE  RARE  BOOK  FRAUDS 
WITHIN  the  last  two  months  attention  has 
been  directed  to  a  well-organized  business  in 
the  sale  of  fake  "rare"  and  "de  luxe"  books. 
A  suit,  involving  a  Mrs.  Bird,  of  Salt  Lake 
City,  was  the  first  noteworthy  development, 
for  that  action  disclosed  the  various  aliases 
of  the  band  operating  and  their  cunning 
methods  of  misrepresentation.  Most  of  the 
purchasers  bought  in  the  expectation  of  re- 
selling at  a  much  higher  figure  to  some  mil- 
lionaire purchaser,  to  be  produced  by  the 
agents  when  the  time  was  ripe.  These  second 
buyers,  being  generally  fictitious,  never  ap- 
peared. The  stories  of  the  dealers  were  most 
specious,  such  as  when  books  said  to  be  part 
of  the  library  of  Charles  W.  Morse,  the 
banker,  were  offered  for  sale  at  a  time  when 
he  might  very  reasonably  have  been  willing 
to  sell  at  a  sacrifice.  Following  far-reaching 
government  investigation,  came  numerous  in- 
dictments and  arrests,  including  Glen  Farmer, 
a  principal  in  the  case  mentioned  above,  and 
sixteen  others. 

Among  the  last  to  be  indicted  in  connection 
with  the  sale  of  alleged  valueless  "Americana" 
to  a  Mr.  H.  H.  Livingston,  of  Saratoga 
Springs,  N.  Y.,  was  Mr.  William  Beer,  the 
well-known  librarian  of  the  Howard  Memo- 
rial Library  in  New  Orleans. 

When  arraigned  before  United  States  Com- 
missioner Browne,  Mr.  Beer  entered  a  plea 
of  not  guilty  to  the  charge  of  using  the  mails 
with  intent  to  defraud,  and  was  released  on 
$1000  bail.  In  a  statement  made  after  his 
arraignment,  Mr.  Beer  said:  "The  charge  is 
either  a  mistake  or  a  work  of  malice.  I  have 
never  heard  of  several  of  the  men  who  were 
indicted  with  me.  My  only  connection  with 
the  affair  is  that  I  gave  an  option  on  the  set 
of  books  from  May,  1909,  to  May,  1911,  to 
W.  Y.  C.  Humes,  of  Chicago,  for  $15,000. 
Before  the  option  expired,  James  Plunkett,  of 
New  York,  tried  to  purchase  the  books,  and 
finally  bought  the  option  from  Humes.  I  re- 


ceived a  check  for  $15,000,  and  thought  this 
ended  my  connection  with  the  affair." 

Afterward  the  set  passed  through  several 
other  hands,  he  has  since  heard,  and  finally 
was  sold  to  Mr.  Livingston  for  $70,000.  One 
morning,  some  little  time  after  the  Livingston 
purchase,  Mr.  Beer  said,  he  lunched  with  the 
latter  in  New  York,  and  in  the  course  of  the 
conversation,  Mr.  Livingston  asked  him  how 
much  he  had  sold  the  books  for.  Mr.  Beer 
says  he  told  him,  and  Mr.  Livingston  was 
greatly  angered.  That  was  a  year  and  a  half 
ago.  He  still  regarded  the  latter  as  a  friend, 
and  had  not  suspected  that  Mr.  Livingston 
would  hold  him  responsible  in  any  way. 


ATLANTIC  CITY  MEETING 

THE  seventeenth  annual  meeting  of  the 
New  Jersey  Library  Association  and  the  Penn- 
sylvania Library  Club  will  be  held  at  At- 
lantic City,  Feb.  28-March  i,  1913.  There 
will  be  three  business  sessions  at  the  Hotel 
Chelsea,  as  follows :  Friday,  February  28,  8.30 
p.m.,  under  the  direction  of  the  New  Jersey 
Library  Association.  Saturday,  March  i,  IT 
a.m.,  under  the  direction  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Library  Club.  Saturday,  March  i,  8.30  p.m., 
a  general  session. 

For  railroad  tickets  and  schedules,  apply  to 
any  ticket  agent  of  the  Pennsylvania  or  Read- 
ing railroads  or  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
Jersey. 

The  headquarters  will  be  at  the  Hotel  Chel- 
sea, at  the  ocean  end  of  South  Morris  avenue, 
Chelsea,  Atlantic  City.  The  following  rates 
have  been  offered  by  this  hotel:  One  person 
in  a  room  (without  bath),  $3.50  per  day;  two 
persons  in  a  room  (without  bath),  each,  $3 
per  day;  one  person  in  a  room  (with  bath), 
$4.50  per  day;  two  persons  in  a  room  (with 
bath),  each,  $4  per  day. 

Members  and  their  friends  who  wish  rooms 
reserved  are  requested  to  write  direct  to  the 
hotel.  Persons  desiring  to  obtain  special  rates 
for  a  week  or  longer  are  requested  to  corre- 
spond with  the  proprietor. 

Members  of  other  library  clubs  and  friends 
in  adjacent  states  are  cordially  invited  to  be 
present  and  to  take  part  in  the  meeting. 

First  Session 

Friday  afternoon,  February  28,  2.30. — Busi- 
ness meeting.  Address  by  Royal  Meeker,  of 
Princeton  University,  on  "Community  life  and 
its  needs."  Discussion  on  the  value  and  ad- 
ministration of  township  and  county  libraries, 
led  by  Miss  Elizabeth  White,  Passaic,  N.  J. 

Friday  evening,  February  28,  8.30.— "Survey 
of  educational  conditions  in  New  Jersey" 
(illustrated  by  lantern  slides),  Miss  Sarah  B. 
Askew,  New  Jersey  Public  Library  Commis- 
sion. "Perils  of  the  modern  intellect,"  Dr. 
Charles  S.  Chapin,  Montclair  Normal  School. 

Second  Session 

Chairman,  Mr.  Ernest  Spofford,  assistant 
librarian,  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsyl- 


February,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


vania;  librarian,  the  Gilpin  Library  of  the 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

Address,  Miss  Corinne  Bacon,  librarian, 
Drexel  Institute;  director,  Library  School. 

"Collecting  books,"  C.  G.  Child,  Ph.D., 
L.H.D.,  department  of  English  language  and 
literature,  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

Third  Session. 

Chairman,  John  Thomson,  M.A.,  librarian, 
the  Free  Library  of  Philadelphia. 

Address,  Francis  Harvey  Green,  A.M., 
Litt.D.,  department  of  English,  West  Chester 
Normal  School. 

The  third  speaker  will  be  announced 
later. 

A  reception  will  be  held  in  the  Atlantic  City 
Public  Library  on  Saturday  afternoon,  to 
which  all  attending  the  conference  are  cor- 
dially invited. 

SPECIAL   LIBRARIES    ASSOCIATION 

EASTERN   DISTRICT 

ON  Jan.  i,  1913,  a  joint  meeting  was  held 
at  the  Boston  Public  Library  between  the 
Boston  Cooperative  Information  Bureau  and 
the  Eastern  District  of  the  Special  Libraries 
Association,  the  first  session,  at  4  p.m.,  being 
devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  former,  and 
the  second  session,  at  7.30  p.m.,  to  those  of 
the  latter.  Between  the  two  sessions  many 
took  part  in  a  special  luncheon  arranged  at 
the  new  Copley  Plaza  Hotel.  Previous  to  the 
first  session,  some  15  or  20  persons  made  a 
tour  of  several  of  the  most  important  spe- 
cial libraries  of  the  city,  including  the  fol- 
lowing: Stone  &  Webster,  the  Insurance  Li- 
brary Association,  Arthur  D.  Little,  Inc. ;  the 
Town  Room,  the  Social  Service  Library,  the 
Boston  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  and  the 
statistical  department  of  the  Boston  Public 
library. 

The  Special  Libraries  Association  elected 
the  following  officers  for  the  ensuing  year : 
Prof .  A.  C.  Lane,  of  Tufts  College,  president; 
F.  I.  Cooper,  of  Cooper  &  Bailey,  architects, 
vice-president;  G.  W.  Lee,  of  Stone  &  Web- 
ster, secretary-treasurer;  John  Ritchie,  Jr., 
editor  of  publications;  and  eight  directors. 
The  principal  paper  of  the  session  was  by 
Mr.  Ritchie,  upon  "The  bureau  at  work,"  in 
which  he  explained  the  services  rendered,  the 
future  developments  possible  and  resources 
easily  available,  as  well  as  the  modus  operandi 
of  the  office  of  "chief  of  service."  Mr. 
Thomas  J.  Homer  made  a  delightful  presen- 
tation of  the  work  he  is  now  engaged  upon 
in  a  paper  explaining  the  "Union  list  of  seri- 
als currently  received  in  the  libraries  of  Bos- 
ton and  vicinity,"  to  be  published  subsequently 
by  the  Boston  Public  Library.  Miss  Ketcham, 
of  the  Social  Service  Library,  then  described 
her  collection  and  the  aims  of  her  work.  Mr. 
Lee  then  offered  several  suggestions  as  possi- 
bilities for  future  functions  of  the  bureau — 
a  lost  and  found  center,  a  reference  book 
commission,  a  museum  of  new  books,  books 


borrowable,  etc.  Rather  free  discussion  fol- 
lowed, and  the  meeting  adjourned  at  6.15  p.m. 
The  evening  session  was  devoted  to  the  in- 
terests of  the  Eastern  District  of  the  Special 
Libraries  Association.  Mr.  D.  N.  Handy,  of 
Boston,  who  is  president  of  the  national  body, 
opened  the  meeting  with  an  explanation  of 
the  district  idea,  giving  the  purposes  sought 
in  thus  dividing  the  country  into  sections,  pre- 
sided over  by  individuals  who  are  members 
of  the  national  advisory  board.  He  also  gave 
statistics  showing  how  the  entire  membership 
was  divided,  and  indicated  the  plans  now  un- 
der consideration  for  other  district  meetings. 
Miss  Dobbins,  of  New  York  City,  read  a  very 
valuable  criticism  of  the  books  on  accounting, 
business,  finance,  etc.,  under  the  title  of 
"Every-day  tools."  Miss  Spencer,  also  of 
New  York  City,  read  an  interesting  sketch  of 
the  "Library  of  the  National  City  Bank,  New 
York."  Mr.  Marion,  secretary  of  the  national 
body,  spoke  in  general  of  the  phenomenal 
growth  of  the  association,  the  needs  of  those 
entering  this  field  of  work,  some  of  the  re- 
cent advances  in  library  work,  and  made  a 
plea  for  the  relative  importance  of  the  "spe- 
cial librarian,"  as  compared  with  the  public 
librarian.  Mr.  F.  I.  Cooper  explained  his 
method  of  handling  trade  catalogs  in  an 
architect's  office.  Mr.  Handy  moved,  in  the 
discussion  which  followed,  that  the  executive 
board  of  the  S.  L.  A.  appoint  a  very  small 
committee  to  study  and  report  upon  the 
handling  of  clippings  at  the  next  annual 
meeting.  Mr.  Kilbourn  advocated  the  value 
of  getting  people  and  business  houses  into  the 
habit  of  looking  to  the  "information  bureau" 
as  the  point  of  contact  for  wider  information 
than  was  immediately  available.  Mr.  Brigham 
urged  the  necessity  of  better  outside  clipping 
service,  apart  from  the  handling  of  them 
after  their  receipt,  and  felt  there  was  a  real 
need  of  something  better  than  now  exists. 
He  also  urged  greater  individual  efficiency 
upon  the  part  of  special  librarians  to  enable 
them  to  overcome  the  delays  so  well  known 
in  the  average  public  library. 

ELECTION  IN  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  INSTITUTE 

A  recent  election  was  held  by  correspond- 
ence to  fill  the  vacancies  in  the  membership  of 
the  American  Library  Institute,  caused  by  the 
expiration  of  the  terms  of  seven  members. 
The  following  were  elected  for  a  period  of  ten 
years  from  Jan.  I,  1913:  Caroline  M.  Hewins, 
R.  R.  Bowker,  Theresa  Hitchler,  Gratia  Coun- 
tryman, W.  P.  Cutter,  Electra  C.  Doren,  W.  D. 
Johnston. 

Three  vacancies  in  the  membership  having 
occurred  in  the  year  1912,  these  were  also 
filled  by  the  election  of  the  following  for  a 
term  of  nine  years  each :  Katherine  L.  Sharp, 
George  B.  Utley,  C.  D.  F.  Belden. 

Mrs.  Theresa  West  Elmendorf,  vice-librarian 
of  the  Buffalo  Public  Library,  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Institute  board  for  a  term  of 
five  years. 

MARY  EILEEN  AHERN,  Secretary. 


92 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


COLLEGE  AND  UNIVERSITY  LIBRA- 
RIANS OF  THE  MIDDLE  WEST 

The  fourth  annual  meeting  of  the  College 
and  University  Librarians  of  the  Middle  West 
opened  in  the  assembly  room  of  the  Harper 
Memorial  Library,  University  of  Chicago,  on 
Friday  afternoon,  January  3.  There  was  an 
attendance  at  the  first  session  of  nearly  one 
hundred  persons.  The  large  attendance  was 
accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  besides  the 
university  librarians,  a  considerable  number 
of  library  assistants  from  local  libraries,  as 
well  as  other  visiting  librarians,  were  present. 
The  libraries  of  McGill  and  Princeton  uni- 
versities were  represented  by  Professor  Gould 
and  Dr.  Richardson,  respectively,  both  of 
whom  contributed  to  the  discussions  and  did 
much  to  make  the  session  a  success. 

The  formal  report  on  modifications  of  the 
decimal  classification  in  the  department  of 
literature  was  to  have  been  presented  by  Mr. 
Goulding,  of  the  University  of  Illinois.  As 
he  was  unable  to  be  present,  a  brief  report 
was  made  by  Miss  Hutchins  for  the  classical 
department,  and  by  Miss  Wyeth  for  the  mod- 
ern language  department  of  that  university. 
Mr.  Gerould  explained  the  modifications  re- 
sorted to  at  the  University  of  Minnesota,  and 
Mr.  Severance  and  Miss  Butlin  outlined  some 
of  the  changes  which  had  been  found  desir- 
able at  the  University  of  Missouri  and  the 
Beloit  College  Library.  The  discussion  which 
followed  was  participated  in  by  Mr.  Smith, 
of  the  University  of  Wisconsin ;  Dr.  Richard- 
son, of  Princeton,  the  chairman,  and  others. 
Mr;  Drury  outlined  in  an  informal  way  the 
features  which  he  considered  essential  in  a 
librarian's  report,  emphasizing  the  various 
items  to  be  included  and  the  desirability  of 
some  uniformity  of  rule  and  practice  in  the 
compilation.  Dr.  Richardson  introduced  the 
topic,  "The  standing  of  the  library  in  the  uni- 
versity," giving  a  number  of  illustrations  from 
his  own  experience.  Professor  Root,  who  had 
in  the  meantime  taken  the  chair,  contributed 
to  the  discussion,  as  did  also  Mr.  Smith,  of 
the  University  of  Wisconsin;  Dr.  Burton,  of 
the  University  of  Chicago;  Mr.  Gerould,  of 
Minnesota,  and  others. 

The  last  topic  of  the  afternoon  session  was 
introduced  by  Mr.  Smith,  of  the  University 
of  Wisconsin,  "Specialization  in  university 
and  college  libraries."  Time  did  not  permit 
any  extensive  discussion  of  Mr.  Smith's  ex- 
cellent report,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  ques- 
tion may  be  taken  up  again  at  a  future  time. 

After  a  tour  of  inspection  of  the  new  Har- 
per Memorial  Library,  the  visitors  adjourned 
to  Hutchinson  Commons,  where  a  dinner  was 
served  by  the  university.  At  7.30  they  con- 
vened again  for  a  joint  meeting  fo  the  Bib- 
liographical Society  of  America  and  the  Col- 
lege and  University  Librarians,  Professor 
Gould,  president  of  the  Bibliographical  So- 
ciety, being  in  the  chair.  Mr.  Josephson,  of 
the  John  Crerar  Library,  read  a  paper  on 


various  aids  to  research,  such  as  Die  Briicke, 
of  Munich.  His  paper  was  discussed  by  Dr. 
von  Noe,  secretary  of  the  Bibliographical 
Society.  Dr.  Koch,  of  the  University  of  Mich- 
igan, then  gave  an  illustrated  lecture  on  uni- 
versity library  buildings  and  plans,  the  new 
stereopticon  just  installed  in  the  Harper  Li- 
brary being  tested  for  the  first  time  and 
found  to  be  very  satisfactory.  The  lecture, 
as  well  as  the  views,  was  much  enjoyed  by 
all  present,  and  a  delightful  informality  pre- 
vailed which  permitted  interruption  for  ques- 
tions and  discussion  of  special  features.  A 
report  on  the  new  building  of  the  University 
of  California  Library  had  been  received  from 
Mr.  Leupp  and  was  read  by  Dr.  Koch.  The 
various  defects  in  the  building  at  Berkeley, 
as  pointed  out  by  Mr.  Leupp,  seemed  to  cor- 
respond very  closely  to  those  which  have  be- 
come apparent  also  in  the  Harper  Library 
building  since  its  occupancy  in  June,  1912. 
Dr.  Koch  was  followed  by  Mr.  Lichtenstein, 
librarian  of  Northwestern  University,  who 
reported  on  the  plans  of  the  new  Harvard 
Library,  illustrating  his  remarks  by  views. 

At  the  session  on  Saturday  morning,  Pro- 
fessor Root  was  again  in  the  chair.  Mr. 
Lichtenstein  reported  on  his  experiences  dur- 
ing 1912  as  cooperative  purchasing  agent  for 
several  American  libraries.  His  report  was 
supplemented  by  a  statement  from  Mr.  An- 
drews on  behalf  of  the  John  Crerar  Library, 
and  by  Miss  Perrine  for  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago Library.  Both  libraries  expressed  general 
satisfaction  with  the  results  of  the  venture. 
Possible  extension  of  the  printing  of  analyt- 
ical cards  by  the  Library  of  Congress  was 
urged  by  Mr.  Jewett,  of  Nebraska.  The  limit 
which  university  libraries  might  set  in  the 
acquisition  of  certain  lines  of  publications 
and  material  was  reported  on  by  Mr.  Sever- 
ance, of  Missouri;  Mr.  Smith,  of  Wisconsin; 
Mr.  Jewett,  of  Nebraska;  Mr.  Gerould,  of 
Minnesota;  and  others,  reporting  on  the  prac- 
tices of  their  respective  libraries.  A  report 
by  Mr.  Windsor,  of  Illinois,  on  interlibrary 
loans  of  1912  was,  in  his  absence,  read  by 
Mr.  Drufy. 

The  committee  on   arrangements   for   next 
year's   meeting  consists   of    Professor   A.    S. 
Root,  of  Oberlin;  Mr.  J.  T.  Gerould,  of  Min- 
nesota ;  and  Mr.  H.  O.  Severance,  of  Missouri. 
J.  C.  M.  HANSON,  Chairman. 


,      THE    NEW   YORK  LIBRARY 

The  Municipal  Art  Commission  has  passed 
favorably  on  groups  of  statuary  for  the  Fifth 
Avenue  facade  of  the  Public  Library.  The 
pediment  at  the  southern  end  wiW  form  a 
setting  for  a  group  entitled  "The  Arts,"  while 
the  pediment  at  the  northern  end  will  hold 
a  group  entitled  "History."  The  figures  were 
executed  by  George  Grey  Barnard,  the  sculp- 
tor, and  the  estimated  cost  of  each  group  is 
placed  at  $12,500. 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


93 


amerlcan 


association 


A.   L.    A.    CONFERENCE,    1913 

THE  Executive  Board,  at  its  meeting,  the 
first  week  in  January,  voted  to  hold  the  next 
conference  of  the  A.  L.  A.  at  the  Hotel 
Kaaterskill,  in  the  Catskill  Mountains,  June 
23  to  28,  1913.  Several  other  meeting  places 
were  discussed  and  given  careful  considera- 
tion, but  the  place  chosen  offered  a  number 
of  very  important  and  desirable  advantages 
which  none  of  the  others  gave. 

The  Hotel  Kaaterskill  stands  in  a  very 
beautiful  location  on  the  top  of  Kaaterskill 
Mountain,  at  an  elevation  of  3000  feet  above 
the  sea.  From  the  piazza,  the  visitor  has  an 
unobstructed  panorama,  with  a  sweep  of  over 
ninety  miles  across  the  Hudson  River  valley 
to  the  hills  of  New  England.  The  hotel  is 
advertised  as  the  largest  mountain  hotel  in 
the  world,  having  space  for  between  one 
thousand  and  twelve  hundred  people,  the  ex- 
act number  accommodated  depending,  of 
course,  on  how  many  desire  to  room  alone. 
The  A.  L.  A.  will  have  the  absolutely  exclu- 
sive use  of  the  entire  hotel  during  the  whole 
time  of  the  conference;  this  feature  in  itself 
is  very  important,  and  always  brings  about 
easier  and  more  frequent  personal  confer- 
ences and  a  general  unity  which  is  difficult 
to  obtain  when  delegates  are  housed  under  a 
number  of  separate  roofs.  Any  possible  over- 
flow will  be  accommodated  at  a  smaller  hotel, 
a  mile  from  the  Kaaterskill,  conveyance  back 
and  forth  being  provided.  It  is  not  likely, 
however,  that  there  will  be  more  applications 
than  the  headquarters  hotel  can  comfortably 
handle.  There  are  700  rooms  in  the  Kaater- 
skill and  annex,  100  of  which  have  private 
baths.  The  dining-room  has  seating  capacity 
for  1200  people.  In  the  way  of  amusements, 
the  management  calls  attention  to  excellent 
golf  links,  boating  and  fishing  in  a  small 
.  mountain  lake  nearby,  tennis,  bowling,  driving 
and  motoring,  mountain  climbing,  etc.  A  new 
ballroom  floor  was  laid  in  1912.  Meeting  halls 
are  adequate  to  accommodate  the  general  ses- 
sions, section  meetings  and  those  of  the  four 
affiliated  organizations. 

The  following  rates  are  offered  for  the  con- 
ference week: 
Two  persons  in  double  room  without  private 

bath,  $3  per  day  each. 
Two    persons   in    double    room    with    private 

bath,  $4.50  per  day  each. 
One   person   in   single   room   without   private 

bath,  $4  per  day. 
One  person  in  room  with  private  bath,  $6  per 

day. 

All  rates  will  be  on  American  plan. 

The  Hotel  Kaaterskill  is  reached  by  the 
Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad  from  Kingston, 
N.  Y.,  trains  running  direct  to  the  hotel 
grounds.  Through  cars  are  run  direct  from 
New  York  (Jersey  City)  to  Kaaterskill  via 


the  West  Shore  Railroad.  The  hotel  can  also 
be  reached  by  the  Hudson  River  Day  Line 
boats  to  Kingston  and  thence  by  rail.  It  is 
hoped  that  parties  will  be  large  enough  to 
warrant  special  trains  from  New  York,  Bos- 
ton and  Chicago. 

The  large  library  centers  in  comparatively 
close  proximity  to  the  Catskills  makes  it 
likely  that  the  1913  conference  will  be  a 
record-breaker  in  attendance.  The  March 
A.  L.  A.  Bulletin  will  contain  further  particu- 
lars from  the  Travel  Committee,  but  it  is 
hoped  that  library  people  will  begin  at  once 
to  plan  to  go  to  the  Kaaterskill  conference. 

COUNCIL 

The  A.  L.  A.  Council  held  two  meetings 
in  Chicago,  Thursday  morning,  January  2, 
and  Friday  morning,  January  3. 

JANUARY  2 

At  the  first  meeting,  the  first  topic  under 
consideration  was  a  further  discussion  of  the 
report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Relation  of 
the  Public  Library  to  the  Municipality  (for 
original  report,  see  Proceedings  of  the  Ottawa 
conference,  pp.  197-199). 

Dr.  Bostwick,  chairman  of  the  committee, 
read  the  following  supplementary  report, 
drafted  jointly  by  his  committee  and  the 
Committee  on  Library  Legislation  of  the 
League  of  Library  Commissions: 

SUPPLEMENTARY  REPORT 

Education  is  a  matter  of  state,  rather  than 
of  municipal  concern.  Consequently,  it  is  a 
function  of  the  state,  rather  than  of  the  city, 
to  provide  an  educational  code.  Hence,  when- 
ever the  constitution  permits,  a  general  state 
law  as  to  libraries  is  preferable  to  local  char- 
ter provisions. 

If  a  satisfactory  state  law  governing  all 
libraries  in  the  state  exists  and  is  constitu- 
tional, there  should  be  enacted  provisions 
which  shall  make  it  certain  that  the  state  law 
shall  control  in  every  city  in  the  state,  whether 
the  city  be  under  special  charter,  general 
charter,  or  under  a  commission  form  of  gov- 
ernment. 

Where  there  is  now  no  existing  satisfactory 
state  law,  but  it  is  constitutionally  competent 
that  a  state  law  should  control  libraries,  then 
this  committee  recommends  that  a  satisfactory 
code  (to  be  hereafter  drafted  along  lines  here- 
tofore reported)  be  enacted  by  the  state  legis- 
lature. 

Where,  under  the  constitution,  the  city  must, 
by  home-rule  measure  in  charter  or  elsewhere, 
control  libraries,  then  the  substance  of  the 
heretofore-mentioned  state  code  can  be  varied 
to  become  a  part  of  the  local  charter. 

Dr.  Bostwick  stated  that  various  members 
of  the  committee  had  been  in  correspondence 
with  Dr.  Clinton  Rogers  Woodruff,  secretary 
of  the  National  Municipal  League,  and  that 
they  had  emphasized  the  fact  that  librarians 


94 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


were  not  opposed  to  the  merit  system,  as  Dr. 
Woodruff  seemed  to  think  was  the  case. 

Mr.  Hadley  stated  that  even  in  a  commis- 
sion-governed city  it  need  not  necessarily  fol- 
low that  the  library  need  dispense  with  the 
library  board.  While  it  was  true  that  city 
affairs,  including  those  of  the  library,  were 
directly  under  the  commissioners,  it  has  been 
found  possible  to  provide  in  charters  for  a 
library  board  appointed  by  and  responsible  to 
the  commissioner  of  education. 

Dr.  Andrews  suggested  that  the  attitude  of 
librarians  toward  civil  service  would  be  better 
understood  if  the  word  "its"  be  substituted 
for  "a"  at  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  line  on 
page  199,  column  2,  of  the  Ottawa  Proceed- 
ings, making  the  sentence  to  read,  "It  should 
provide  that  all  employment  should  be  given 
on  the  basis  of  merit  alone,  but  that  its  civil 
service  system,"  etc. 

The  president  read  a  letter  from  Miss  Helen 
E.  Haines,  in  which  she  discussed  the  library 
features  of  the  charter  recently  voted  on  and 
rejected  in  Los  Angeles.  She  considered  that 
this  charter,  as  regards  its  library  features, 
was  by  no  means  a  model,  but  seriously 
threatened  the  successful  maintenance  and 
administration  of  the  library.  Had  the  pro- 
posed charter  carried,  the  Los  Angeles  library 
would  have  been  entirely  deprived  of  any 
fixed  income  from  the  city  assessment  roll, 
and  would  have  been  made  dependent  for 
support  upon  what  appropriation  could  be 
secured  from  the  commission  by  annual  ap- 
peals. It  would  have  placed  the  library  in 
the  hands  of  a  single  commissioner,  charged 
with  other  important  responsibilities,  and  its 
work  and  interests  would  have  been  linked 
with  the  city  playgrounds  and  the  func- 
tions of  the  present  music  commission.  She 
considered  that  it  was  time  for  the  American 
Library  Association  to  devise  more  effective 
measures  than  now  exist  for  shaping  methods 
of  library  organization  in  communities  where 
the  structure  of  civic  government  is  being  re- 
built under  the  commission  plan,  and  that  the 
Los  Angeles  charter  incident  had  plainly 
shown  that  the  public  library  had  not  yet 
found  its  assured  place  in  modern  life. 

Dr.  Hill  said  that  he  wished  to  emphasize 
the  point  even  more  strongly  that  the  civil 
service  system  should  be  within  the  library 
itself.  He  also  felt  that  the  recommendation 
that  the  museum  and  the  library  be  adminis- 
tered by  the  same  board  was  not  wise,  unless 
the  two  institutions  were  in  the  same  building 
and  their  work  so  closely  connected  that  there 
was  no  difference  between  the  two  institu- 
tions. He  believed  that  it  was  better  for 
library  boards  to  be  appointed  by  some  indi- 
vidual or  commission,  rather  than  elected  by 
the  citizens  at  large.  Speaking  of  the  ques- 
tion whether  the  city  treasurer  should  be  ex- 
officio  treasurer  of  the  library  board,  he  said 
he  had  had  experience  both  ways,  and  that 
more  satisfactory  results  were  obtained  by 
the  library  having  its  own  treasurer. 


Mr.  Brett  felt  that  when  funds  for  the 
library  were  once  appropriated  they  should  be 
entirely  independent  and  not  subject  to  the 
control  of  the  Council,  and  that  when  once 
received  should  be  absolutely  at  the  disposal 
of  the  library  board.  He  thought  it  was  well 
for  the  auditor  of  the  city  to  be  the  auditor 
of  the  library  board,  and  that  the  city  treas- 
urer act  as  treasurer  of  the  board.  If  a 
library  board  has  its  accounts  audited  by  the 
city  auditor,  the  municipal  authorities  know 
absolutely  what  the  library  is  doing,  and  are 
thus  satisfied. 

Mrs.  Elmendorf  said  that  the  city  treasurer 
acting  as  treasurer  of  the  library  funds  does 
not  necessarily  protect  the  library,  as  she  was 
formerly  connected  with  a  city  library  where 
the  city  treasurer  was  treasurer  of  the  library, 
but  that  this  did  not  prevent  the  embezzle- 
ment of  several  thousand  dollars  of  the  library 
funds. 

Dr.  Andrews  thought  the  committee  was 
rather  unwise  in  including  the  election  of  the 
library  board  by  the  citizens  as  a  question  to 
be  discussed.  Speaking  not  as  a  librarian,  but 
as  a  citizen  of  a  large  city,  he  felt  strongly 
the  need  of  having  a  shorter  ballot,  rather 
than  a  still  longer  one,  as  under  the  present 
conditions  it  was  absolutely  impossible  for 
the  average  citizen  to  know  personally  the 
various  candidates  for  office. 

Mr.  Ranck  said  that  since  the  Ottawa  meet- 
ing the  members  of  the  committee  had  not 
exactly  changed  their  views,  but  there  had 
come  to  them  a  growing  conviction  of  the 
importance  of  this  subject,  due  in  part  to 
correspondence  and  conferences  with  mem- 
bers of  the  library  profession  and  persons 
who  were  outside  but  interested  in  the  library 
movement.  He  felt  that  the  American  Li- 
brary Association  could  not  emphasize  too 
strongly  that  the  library  should  be  regarded 
as  an  educational  institution,  and  that  educa- 
tion is  a  matter  of  state  concern,  rather  than 
of  municipal  or  local  concern.  He  stated  that 
in  many  of  the  states  where  they  have  the 
commission  form  of  government,  the  public 
school  system  is  not  included  under  the  work- 
ings of  the  commission,  on  the  ground  that 
"the  educational  functions  were  different  from 
local  government  functions,  and  that  the  com- 
mission form  of  government  belongs  only  to 
the  local  government  functions. 

Mr.  Strohm  said  that  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Michigan  had  recently  rendered  a  decision 
deciding  that,  while  municipalities  were  rec- 
ognized under  the  local  government  article, 
the  public  schools,  libraries,  etc.,  were  under 
the  education  article.  The  Supreme  Court  of 
Michigan,  having  under  consideration  the 
right  of  the  city  of  Detroit  to  issue  bonds  for 
library  purposes  to  an  amount  over  and 
above  the  limit  applying  to  bond  issue  for 
general  municipal  purposes,  held  that  no  such 
restriction  applies  in  case  of  the  library  bond 
issues,  as  they  properly  fall  in  the  same  class 
as  school  bonds.  Thus,  in  the  opinion  of  the 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


95 


court,  the  library  is  an  integral  part  of  the 
public  educational  system. 

The  president  inquired  of  Miss  Ahern 
whether  she  knew  of  any  city  where  a  cam- 
paign for  change  of  charter  and  method  of 
government  was  now  in  progress,  particularly 
one  where  library  interests  were  in  danger. 

Miss  Ahern  replied  that  she  could  mention 
no  definite  place  where  any  definite  question 
of  the  place  of  the  library  in  the  municipality 
was  under  consideration,  but  there  was  every- 
where a  lack  of  decision  as  to  where  the  pub- 
lic library  really  belongs  under  the  commis- 
sion form  of  government.  Neither  the  civil 
service  people  nor  the  municipal  authorities 
are  willing  that  the  public  library  should,  as 
a  rule,  be  classed  with  the  educational  agen- 
cies, and  yet  there  is  no  question  that  the 
libraries  really  belong  with  other  educational 
agencies,  and  that  the  municipal  civil  service 
rules  should  apply  to  them  no  more  than  to 
the  school  management. 

Dr.  Bostwick  stated  that  the  committee  was 
not  so  anxious  that  any  action  should  be 
taken  on  the  supplementary  report  as  that  it 
should  have  some  kind  of  assurance  of  the 
Council  that  it  should  proceed  on  the  lines 
indicated  in  that  report,  or  on  some  kind  of 
definite  orders  regarding  the  directions  of  this 
work. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Hill,  it  was 

Voted,  That  the  committee  be  continued, 
and  that  the  whole  question  be  referred  back 
to  them,  with  the  request  that  they  report  to 
the  next  Council  meeting. 

Mr.  Ranck  stated  the  committee  would  be 
glad  to  have  some  expression  of  opinion  at 
least  on  the  first  paragraph  of  the  supplemen- 
tary report  pertaining  to  the  state  code. 

Dr.  Bostwick  stated  that  the  committee 
would  like  to  have  the  substance  of  the 
Ottawa  report  definitely  approved  or  disap- 
proved by  the  Council. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Andrews,  it  was 

Voted,  That  the  first  paragraph  of  the  sup- 
plementary report  be  incorporated  in  the  final 
report  to  be  presented  at  next  summer's  con- 
ference. 

The  next  subject  considered  by  the  Council 
was  a  further  discussion  of  Mr.  Strohm's 
paper  at  the  Ottawa  conference  on  "The  effi- 
ciency of  the  library  staff  and  scientific  man- 
agement." 

Dr.  Richardson  spoke  on  the  value  of  change 
of  occupation.  He  called  attention  to  the 
modern  biological  study  of  mental  hygiene 
and  its  practical  bearings  on  the  question  of 
length  and  distribution  of  vacation,  granting 
of  leave  for .  attending  library  association 
meetings,  as  well  as  on  change  of  occupation 
within  the  library.  He  referred  to  the  scien- 
tific study  of  fatigue  and  its  practical  bearing 
on  the  percentage  of  errors.  He  considered 
that  for  correction  and  verification  work,  two 
hours  a  day  is  the  maximum  of  highest  effi- 
ciency. 

Miss  Ahern  called  attention  to  the  last  re- 


port of  Dr.  W.  D.  Johnston,  the  librarian  of 
Columbia  University,  where  he  speaks  on  the 
subject  of  the  organization  of  the  staff,  and 
makes  a  strong  argument  that  the  standards 
of  appointment  to  the  several  grades  in  the 
staff  of  the  library  should  be  the  same  as 
those  in  the  corresponding  grades  of  the  staff 
of  instruction.  He  also  argues  for  employ- 
ing skilled  bibliographers  as  librarians  of  the 
several  schools  of  the  university  instead  of 
student  assistants,  and  announces  that,  while 
the  students  may  be  employed  hereafter  in 
clerical  work  of  a  mechanical  character,  they 
will  no  longer  be  employed  in  any  of  the 
higher  grades  of  the  library  service.  He  also 
recommends  that  junior  assistants  be  allowed 
each  year  to  pursue  at  least  one  course  of 
study  in  the  university. 

Mr.  Anderson  said  that  the  New  York  Pub- 
lic Library  had  installed  gymnastic  apparatus 
for  the  library  staff.  The  hours  in  the  circu- 
lating department  had  been  reduced  from  42 
hours  a  week  to  40. 

Miss  Rathbone  said  that  at  Pratt  Institute 
Library  they  had  recently  established  the 
practice  of  serving  afternoon  tea  in  the  staff- 
room.  Someone  was  regularly  employed  to 
prepare  and  serve  it,  and  the  members  of  the 
staff  were  invited  to  come  down  from  4  to  5 
and  take  a  cup  of  tea  if  they  felt  like  it. 
Five  to  ten  minutes  was  sufficient  for  this, 
and  the  practice  had  been  so  beneficial  that 
the  library  expects  to  establish  it  permanently. 

Dr.  Bostwick  stated  that  in  the  new  build- 
ing in  St.  Louis  they  had  a  very  complete  set 
of  rooms  for  the  comfort  of  the  staff — locker 
rooms  for  both  sexes,  a  lunchroom  with 
kitchen  and  pantry,  a  staff  recreation  room 
with  piano  and  Victrola,  a  staff  restroom  in 
a  quiet  place,  a  handball  court  for  the  boys, 
and  an  indoor  room  for  them  with  gymnastic 
apparatus.  He  knew  of  no  other  place  where 
the  equipment  of  this  kind  is  so  complete. 

Speaking  of  vacations,  Dr.  Bostwick  said 
he  had  always  considered  them  as  assign- 
ments to  special  work.  What  an  assistant 
does  during  the  rest  period  in  August  is  just 
as  important  to  the  library  as  what  she  does 
in  cataloging  during  July.  He  was  not  in 
favor,  therefore,  of  granting  cumulative  vaca- 
tions. 

Mr.  Ranck  called  attention  to  Josephine 
Goldmark's  "Study  of  fatigue  and  efficiency," 
one  of  the  publications  of  the  Russell  Sage 
Foundation,  which  is  a  scientific  study  of  the 
whole  subject. 

Dr.  Hill  said,  respecting  the  graded  service 
and  the  opinion  sometimes  expressed  that 
promotion  goes  with  length  of  service,  that 
he  thought  it  should  be  added  that  one  who 
is  both  efficient  and  has  served  a  long  time 
should  receive  more  recognition  than  one  who 
has  merely  served  a  long  time  with  ordinary 
ability. 

Dr.  Richardson  said  that  in  many  occupa- 
tions efficiency  is  on  the  rising  curve  for  a 
certain  length  of  time.  There  is  an  actual  in- 


96 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


crease  in  efficiency  in  some  constructive  work 
for  an  hour  or  two  before  the  mind  reaches 
its  best  efficiency,  and  this  may  continue  at 
its  level  for  another  hour  or  two  before  it 
begins  to  fall.  The  number  of  errors  in- 
creases with  the  amount  of  fatigue,  and  in 
repetitious  occupations  fatigue  begins  sooner, 
even  if  its  distinctive  growth  is  not  rapid  or 
wholly  continuous. 

Mr.  Carlton,  speaking  of  recent  experiences 
at  the  Newberry  Library,  stated  there  had 
been  at  least  two  instances  of  improved  work 
due  in  large  measure  to  variation  of  occupa- 
tion within  the  library.  Four  persons,  who, 
until  a  year  ago,  had  been  engaged  in  recata- 
loging  continuously  from  9  a.m.  to  5  p.m., 
except  for  an  hour  for  lunch  were  given  sub- 
stitute service  in  the  reference  department  for 
the  hour  following  the  luncheon  period.  The 
result  had  been  a  marked  increase  in  the 
amount  of  cataloging  done.  Until  about  three 
years  ago,  evening  service  at  the  Newberry 
Library  was  performed  as  overtime  work  by 
members  of  the  day  staff.  He  said  he  was 
opposed  on  principle  to  people  working  both 
during  the  day  and  evening;  that  it  was  not 
good,  in  the  end,  either  for  them  or  for  the 
institution.  Gradually  they  had  reorganized 
a  separate  evening  force,  composed  of  uni- 
versity students.  They  are  trained  in  their 
duties  by  a  member  of  the  regular  staff. 
This  change,  he  believed,  had  been  a  benefit 
both  to  the  public  and  to  the  day  staff. 

Dr.  Bostwick  stated  that  in  his  experience 
a  separate  force  for  evening  or  holiday  work 
had  always  proved  objectionable,  and  that  he 
had  always  endeavored  to  work  away  from 
it  rather  than  toward  it.  Dr.  Hill  said  he  was 
of  the  same  opinion. 

Dr.  Andrews  stated  that  they  used  student 
assistants  at  the  John  Crerar  Library,  and  a 
number  of  students  had  served  seven  years, 
all  through  their  college  course  and  through 
three  years  of  post-graduate  work  as  well. 

Dr.  Andrews,  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  affiliation  with  the  A.  L.  A.  of  other  than 
local,  state  and  provincial  associations,  re- 
ported that  the  committee  had  taken  up  con- 
sideration of  the  questions  assigned  them, 
had  agreed  upon  a  plan  of  procedure  and 
expected  to  be  able  to  make  a  final  report  at 
the  annual  meeting. 

JANUARY   3 

At  the  second  meeting,  the  first  topic 
considered  was  a  further  discussion  of  Mr. 
Hadley's  paper  at  the  Ottawa  conference  on 
"What  library  schools  can  do  for  the  pro- 
fession." 

At  the  request  of  the  president,  Mr.  Had- 
ley  suggested  two  points  for  discussion  in  his 
paper,  as  follows:  First,  elimination  of  many 
non-essentials  in  library  school  curricula,  to 
provide  for  the  introduction  into  library 
school  courses  of  more  definite  and  extensive 
consideration  of  courses  relating  to  library 
administration ;  second,  the  division  of  the  in- 


structional field  between  library  schools  to 
provide  for  special  instruction  by  special 
schools,  instead  of  general  instruction  by  all 
the  schools.  He  said  that,  while  there  was 
doubtless  use  for  all  the  instruction  given  at 
present  in  library  schools,  there  was  also  a 
broad  need  for  instruction  in  certain  library 
courses  which  were  not  being  considered  at 
all  in  library  schools.  Mr.  Hadley  believed 
that  it  was  not  necessary  for  every  student 
to  receive  the  same  full  instruction  in  library 
technique,  but  that  a  working  knowledge  of 
technique  should  be  given  to  all,  with  special 
instruction  for  those  who  were  under  appoint- 
ment to  definite  library  positions.  He  stated 
that  it  was  more  important  for  a  prospective 
librarian  of  a  municipal  reference  library  or 
of  a  law  library  to  be  thoroughly  grounded 
in  the  knowledge  of  municipal  and  legal 
affairs  than  to  be  ignorant  ia  these  subjects 
and  have  an  expert's  knowledge  of  library 
technique.  He  maintained  that  the  library 
questions  involved  in  municipal  reference 
work,  or  law  library  work,  and  special  library 
work,  were  of  sufficient  importance  to  be  rec- 
ognized by  library  schools. 

Mr.  Walter  stated  that  the  schools  have 
thus  far  not  found  sufficient  demand  for  spe- 
cial courses  to  feel  justified  in  the  extra  ex- 
pense necessary  to  provide  such  extra  courses. 
At  present,  it  seems  to  be  the  opinion  among 
those  who  deal  with  placing  students  that  the 
demand  is  rather  for  students  with  general 
library  training,  who  already  have  preliminary 
education  in  special  lines,  and  who  are  wanted 
in  a  hurry.  This  precludes,  in  most  cases, 
any  sufficient  period  of  training  even  in  the 
technique  of  special  lines  of  library  work. 
Until  libraries  are  willing  to  wait  long  enough 
for  special  technical  library  training  to  be 
obtained,  or  until  the  demand  for  definite 
special  lines  of  library  training  seems  fairly 
steady,  most  library  schools  do  not  feel  that 
they  may  properly  induce  students  to  train 
for  special  positions  unless  such  positions  are 
likely  to  be  forthcoming. 

Miss  Plummer  said  it  seemed  wise  to  give 
everybody  a  general  foundation,  as  the  schools 
could  not  control  the  students  and  prevent 
them  from  taking  positions  for  which  they 
had  not  been  trained.  The  schools  had  found, 
by  sending  questionnaires  to  graduates,  that 
they  would  not  have  been  willing  to  have  had 
anything  omitted,  and  that  they  would  have 
been  sorry  to  have  lost  any  part  of  their 
course. 

Miss  Rathbone  said  the  only  specialization 
that  library  schools  can  do  in  one  year,  at 
least,  is  utilizing  the  specialties  that  students 
acquire  before  they  come  to  the  school.  She 
felt  that  the  schools  could  best  serve  the  pro- 
fession by  placing  students  wisely,  ^  so  that 
their  previous  experience  could  be.  utilized. 

Mr.  Dudgeon  and  Miss  Curtis  both  empha- 
sized the  point  that  what  the  schools  could 
give  the  students  depends  largely  on  what  the 
students  brought. 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


97 


Mr.  Brett  felt  that  the  training  of  one  year 
was  a  very  desirable  foundation  for  library 
work  in  any  line,  that  in  most  cases  students 
enter  school  without  any  knowledge  of  what 
sort  of  positions  they  will  get,  and  that  the 
general  one-year  course  is  a  valuable  founda- 
tion and  exceedingly  desirable.  Special  train- 
ing was  out  of  reach  of  many  of  the  schools, 
by  reason  of  the  expense  involved. 

Dr.  Bostwick  called  attention  to  the  enor- 
mous expansion  of  the  conditions  of  library 
work,  especially  in  large  libraries  in  the  past 
fifteen  years.  The  question  to  be  answered 
by  the  library  school  is,  Has  the  general  train- 
ing of  the  schools  broadened  out  correspond- 
ingly? Does  it  give  us  good  foundation  for 
the  expanded  library  work  of  to-day,  as  it 
did  to  the  somewhat  contracted  library  work 
of  several  years  ago?  He  said  he  was  not 
suggesting  that  these  questions  would  not  be 
answered  satisfactorily. 

Dr.  Putnam  remarked  that  he  approached 
the  discussion  with  some  hesitation,  because 
he  could  speak  merely  as  an  administrator, 
while  Mr.  Hadley's  suggestions  were  based 
not  merely  upon  his  observations  as  an  ad- 
ministrator, but  upon  his  experience  as  a 
student  in  a  library  school.  The  suggestions 
seem  to  have  two  directions:  first,  that  the 
present  curriculum  of  the  schools  includes 
subjects  which  might  well  be  omitted,  because 
useless  in  any  possible  given  position;  and, 
second,  that  it  omits  studies  which  ought  to 
be  included,  because  necessary  for  certain 
specialized  work.  He  did  not  think  that  the 
discussion  was  convincing,  as  regards  the  first 
point,  that  perhaps  there  is  a  distinction  be- 
tween the  one  and  the  two-year  courses.  As 
to  the  lack  of  further  specialization,  he  thought 
that  our  entire  system  of  education,  from 
kindergarten  through  the  university,  is  just 
now  suffering  from  a  curse  of  specialization. 
There  was  a  danger  lest  so  many  specialized 
courses  would  be  introduced  as  to  crowd  out 
those  which  are  general  and  fundamental.  He 
did  not  see  how  many  of  the  studies  could 
be  omitted  in  favor  of  others  tending  to  spe- 
cialization. As  to  the  ability  of  the  schools 
to  provide  specialization  in  addition,  he  felt 
this  could  not,  in  the  nature  of  things,  be 
efficiently  provided  in  any  ordinary  library 
school.  The  preparation  of  such  work  must 
be  either  in  some  institution  previous  to  the 
library  school  or  secured  after  the  school  by 
direct  contacts.  In  seeking  specialties,  it  was 
his  practice,  and  he  thought  that  of  other 
librarians,  to  inquire  of  the  schools  whether, 
among  their  students,  there  were  any  who  had 
had  a  preliminary  education  in  law,  medicine 
or  applied  science,  as  the  case  might  be. 

Miss  Plummer  stated  that,  in  the  light  of 
present  experience,  something  will  have  to 
be  done  in  the  way  of  grading  students  in 
the  schools.  With  large  classes  of  students 
at  the  age  of  twenty  and  upward,  there  will 
be  some  students  for  whom  it  seems  unneces- 
sary to  give  as  much  of  certain  detail  as  to 


the  younger  students,  owing  to  their  previous 
experience. 

Dr.  Hill  presented  the  report  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Deterioration  of  Newspaper  Paper. 
(Report  in  full  will  be  printed  in  the  A.  L.  A. 
Bulletin.')  He  said  that  on  November  26  a 
conference  was  held  in  Brooklyn  attended  by 
one  member  of  the  committee  and  by  repre- 
sentatives of  several  New  York  papers.  A 
report  on  the  preservation  of  paper  was  sub- 
mitted by  John  Norris,  chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Paper  of  the  American  Newspaper 
Publishers'  Association.  Mr.  Norris  stated 
that  the  American  Chemical  Society  had  spec- 
ified a  grade  of  paper,  consisting  of  75  per 
cent,  rag  and  25  per  cent,  bleached  chemical 
pulp,  for  the  records  of  the  society,  and  had 
secured  the  desired  quality  for  approximately 
6l/2  cents  per  pound.  In  1904,  the  Bureau  of 
Chemistry  investigated  the  subject  of  suitable 
papers  for  government  purposes,  investigating 
about  5000  samples  of  paper.  Its  report  had 
been  adopted,  and  now  controls  all  govern- 
ment supplies  of  paper  and  printing  and  bind- 
ing materials.  The  Brooklyn  Eagle  has  un- 
dertaken the  publication  of  an  edition  of  its 
paper,  beginning  with  the  first  of  the  year, 
on  this  high-grade  paper,  which  edition  can 
be  subscribed  for  by  libraries.  Mr.  Norris 
agreed  to  ascertain  from  publishers  how  many 
would  feel  justified  in  printing  an  extra  edi- 
tion, and  the  A.  L.  A.  committee  was  to  find 
out  how  many  libraries  would  subscribe  to 
such  an  edition  and  what  particular  papers 
would  be  taken.  A  large  majority  of  publish- 
ers were  inclined  to  think  the  cost  prohibitive, 
but  ten  publishers,  besides  the  Brooklyn 
Eagle,  found  the  project  sufficiently  attractive 
to  justify  the  labor  and  cost  which  a  suitable 
edition  would  entail.  Editorials  have  ap- 
peared in  many  newspapers,  most  of  them 
favorable  to  the  scheme  proposed  by  the  com- 
mittee. A  few,  however,  have  taken  the  op- 
posite side  and  ridiculed  the  idea,  referring 
facetiously  to  "preserved,"  or  "pickled,"  news- 
papers, belittling  the  importance  of  newspaper 
files  to  the  future  historian.  Mr.  Norris 
stated  in  his  report  that  the  methods  of 
handling  newspapers  when  bound  were  con- 
ducive to  deterioration.  In  many  cases  the 
files  are  subjected  to  treatment  which  deprives 
the  paper  of  its  required  moisture.  The  libra- 
ries dry  out  the  newspapers  by  keeping  them 
in  rooms  with  an  average  temperature  of  70 
degrees,  which  is  bound  to  cause  deteriora- 
tion. 

Improvement  in  the  preservation  of  these 
historical  records  may  be  made,  (i)  by  using 
a  printing  paper  that  will  endure  indefinitely, 
(2)  by  binding  with  materials  that  do  not 
attract  minute  organisms,  (3)  by  storing  un- 
der conditions  that  do  not  deprive  the  paper 
of  all  its  moisture,  or  subject  it  to  excessive 
dampness,  or  subject  it  to  chemical  action 
produced  by  sunshine  or  gas  or  artificial  heat, 
or  propagate  insects  or  other  growth.  The 
committee  makes  the  following  suggestions 
and  recommendations: 


98 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


a.  That  bound  volumes  of  newspapers  print- 
ed since  1880  should  be  painted  on  the  edges 
with  "cellit,"  an  American  product,  prepared 
by  the  Chemical   Products  Company,  Boston, 
or  a  similar  preparation. 

b.  That  they  be   stored   in  a   sealed   room, 
where  possible,  of  an  even  temperature  of  50 
degrees,  free  from  dampness. 

c.  That  the  volumes  be  kept  flat,  with  air 
space  about  them,  and  not  be  exposed  to  sun- 
light. 

d.  That  current  numbers  be  kept  flat,  and 
bound   with   a   good,   serviceable   material   as 
soon  as  the  volume  is  completed. 

e.  That  librarians  endeavor  to  induce  local 
publishers  to  print  a  special  library  edition  on 
a  75-per-cent.  rag  paper. 

f.  That   librarians   subscribe   only  to   those 
newspapers  which  are  printed  on  paper  better 
than  the  regular  edition. 

g.  That  librarians  consider  the  desirability 
of  securing  legislation  by  which  the  subscrip- 
tions  of   state  libraries  would  be   limited  to 
papers  which  are  printed  on  a  75-per-cent.  rag 
paper. 

Dr.  Thwaites  recommended  that  the  com- 
mittee be  continued,  and  requested  to  report 
progress  from  time  to  time. 

The  following  resolution  in  regard  to  the 
exclusion  of  books  from  the  parcel  post  was 
unanimously  adopted : 

PARCEL  POST 

Whereas,  The  parcel  post,  just  initiated, 
while  providing  for  the  various  commodities 
entering  into  ordinary  commerce,  except 
books,  even  where  transmitted  for  a  purpose 
purely  scientific  or  educational ;  and, 

Whereas,  The  considerations  which  induced 
the  establishment  of  parcel  post  for  other 
articles  would  apply  equally  to  books,  while 
such  objections  as  were  raised  against  it  as 
affecting  trade  could  not  apply  to  books  cir- 
culated by  public  libraries  to  readers,  or  be- 
tween libraries  for  the  benefit  of  readers,  such 
circulation  being  a  public  service  in  the  in- 
terest of  science  and  education;  and, 

Whereas,  The  extension  of  this  service  is 
now  blocked  by  the  high  rates  charged  upon 
books  as  third-class  mail  matter;  and, 

Whereas,  A  modification  of  those  rates  has 
for  years  been  sought  by  the  library  interests 
of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  and  the 
failure  to  provide  it  in  the  parcel  post  has 
been  a  cause  of  perplexity  and  chagrin;  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  Executive  Board  and 
Council  of  the  American  Library  Association, 
representing  the  library  interests  of  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  respectfully  urge 
upon  Congress  the  enactment  of  such  legisla- 
tion as  will  remedy  the  omission  and  place 
books  upon  the  same  basis  as  other  articles 
entitled  to  the  parcel  post. 

A  resolution  of  thanks  was  voted  to  the 
Chicago  Library  Club  and  to  Miss  Jane 
Addams  and  the  other  residents  of  Hull 


House  for  the  pleasant  evening  spent  on  Jan- 
uary 2.  when  Galsworthy's  "The  pigeon"  was 
presented  by  the  Hull  House  players,  and  op- 
portunity was  given  for  visitors  to  be  shown 
over  Hull  House. 

Upon  the  motion  of  Dr.  Bostwick,  it  was 
Voted,   That   the   Executive    Board   be    re- 
quested to  consider  the  advisability  of  send- 
ing a   delegate  to   the   next    meeting   of  the 
National  Municipal  League. 

For  the  Committee  on  Ventilation  and 
Lighting,  the  chairman,  Mr.  Ranck,  submitted 
a  somewhat  detailed  report,  indicating  the 
whole  ground  that  had  been  covered  by  the 
committee.  In  this  connection,  he  read  a  list 
of  questions  which  should  be  answered,  or 
subjects  which  should  be  considered  in  con- 
nection with  ventilation  and  lighting.  So  far 
as  the  committee  could  obtain  satisfactory 
answers  from  the  study  of  literature  and  their 
own  investigations,  reports  were  made  on  this, 
but  it  was  stated  that  before  any  final  report 
could  be  made  it  would  be  necessary  for  the 
committee  to  have  the  benefit  of  the  results 
of  definite  scientific  experiments  on  certain 
questions.  (These  questions  will  be  printed 
in  the  A.  L.  A.  Bulletin.} 

GEORGE  B.  UTLEY,  Secretary. 

A.  L.   A.  EXECUTIVE   BOARD 

A  MEETING  of  the  Executive  Board  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  was  held  at  the  Hotel  Sherman, 
Chicago,  Wednesday  evening,  January  i. 
Present:  Henry  E.  Legler,  presiding;  E.  H. 
Anderson,  Mary  F.  Isom,  Herbert  Putnam, 
Purd  B.  Wright,  C.  W.  Andrews,  Linda  A. 
Eastman  and  T.  W.  Koch. 

The  treasurer's  report  for  the  year  1912 
showed  a  total  income  of  $16,741.36.  This 
includes  a  balance  from  1911  of  $2005.66,  and 
$5099-33  interest  from  the  Carnegie  fund, 
which  was  turned  over  to  the  use  of  the 
Publishing  Board.  Collections  from  member- 
ship fees  amounted  to  $6236.18,  as  against 
$5325.46  in  1911.  The  expenditures  were 
$8246.74  in  actual  expenses  and  $5099.33  turned 
over  to  the  Publishing  Board.  Including  $250 
permanent  deposit,  there  is  a  total  balance  of 
$3645.29. 

The  report  of  the  finance  committee  esti- 
mated the  income  for  the  year  1913  for  both 
A.  L.  A.  proper  and  Publishing  Board  at 
$21,915.  The  accounts  of  the  secretary  and 
treasurer  had  been  audited  and  found  cor- 
rect. Mr.  E.  H.  Anderson  had  been  desig- 
nated to  audit  the  accounts  of  the  trustees 
of  the  endowment  fund. 

The  budget  for  1913,  as  adopted,  estimates 
the  income  of  the  A.  L.  A.  proper  at  $9415, 
and  provides  for  appropriations  for  that  sum. 
The  Publishing  Board  increased  its  appropri- 
ation to  the  A.  L.  A.  for  headquarters  ex- 
penses from  $2000  to  $2500.  The  salary  of 
the  secretary  was  increased  to  $3000  for  the 
year  1913. 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


99 


It  was  voted  that  the  $200  appropriated  for 
the  use  of  the  committee  on  library  training 
in  1912,  but  not  expended  by  them,  be  avail- 
able for  their  use  during  1913,  instead  of  re- 
verting to  the  general  fund. 

The  secretary  informed  the  board  that  a 
small  bequest  had  been  made  to  the  associa- 
tion by  the  late  James  Lyman  Whitney,  with 
the  conditions  that  it  should  be  known  as  the 
James  Lyman  Whitney  Fund,  and  that  only 
the  interest  should  be  expended.  Two  remit- 
tances, aggregating  $80.11,  have  been  received. 
Pending  further  definite  information  as  to 
the  exact  conditions  of  the  fund  and  the 
amount  the  bequest  would  ultimately  yield, 
it  was  voted  that  the  Treasurer  be  instructed 
to  carry  on  his  books  as  a  separate  fund  the 
remittances  received  from  time  to  time. 

The  first  and  second  vice-presidents  were 
appointed  a  committee  to  draft  a  resolution 
relative  to  the  exclusion  of  books  from  the 
parcel  post,  with  the  recommendation  that 
this  resolution  be  also  presented  to  the  Coun- 
cil. [Note. — For  text  of  this  resolution,  see 
Council  minutes.] 

Voted,  That  the  secretary  be  instructed  to 
extend  to  the  Library  Association  of  Great 
Britain  a  cordial  invitation  for  their  members 
to  attend  the  1913  conference  of  the  A.  L.  A., 
and  also  to  express  the  hope  that  they  may 
find  it  possible  to  send  an  official  delegate  to 
this  meeting. 

The  question  of  a  meeting  place  for  the 
1913  conference  was  next  considered.  After 
several  places  had  been  duly  discussed,  the 
board  took  an  informal  vote,  which  resulted 
unanimously  in  favor  of  Hotel  Kaaterskill, 
in  the  Catskill  Mountains.  Voted  that  formal 
vote  be  postponed  until  a  meeting  of  the 
board,  Friday,  January  3. 

A  meeting  of  the  Executive  Board  was  held 
at  A.  L.  A.  headquarters,  Friday,  January  3. 
Present :  Henry  E.  Legler,  presiding,  E.  H. 
Anderson,  Mary  F.  Isom,  Purd  B.  Wright, 
C.  W.  Andrews  and  Linda  A.  Eastman. 

The  board  ratified  its  informal  vote,  voting 
to  hold  the  next  annual  conference  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  at  Hotel  Kaaterskill,  in  the  Catskills, 
June  23  to  28,  1913. 

The  committee  on  nominations  was  ap- 
pointed as  follows :  Judson  T.  Jennings,  chair- 
man ;  W.  N.  C.  Carlton,  Caroline  Burnite, 
Frank  K.  Walter. 

The  board,  by  unanimous  vote  of  members 
present,  concurred  with  the  A.  L.  A.  Council 
in  the  adoption  of  a  resolution  relative  to 
exclusion  of  books  from  the  parcel  post. 

PUBLISHING  BOARD 
JANUARY   I 

A  MEETING  of  the  A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Board 
was  held  at  A.  L.  A.  headquarters,  Wednes- 
day afternoon,  January  i.  Present:  Henry 
E.  Legler,  chairman;  Mrs.  H.  L.  Elmendorf, 
C.  W.  Andrews,  A.  E.  Bostwick;  also  Elva 
L.  Bascom,  editor  of  the  A.  L.  A.  Booklist, 
and  Secretary  Utley. 

The  treasurer's   report  showed   a   total  in- 


come of  $21,517.31,  and  total  expenditure  of 
$I9>347-96,  leaving  a  balance  of  $2169.35,  plus 
$250  permanent  deposit,  making  a  total  bal- 
ance of  $2419.35.  Collections  from  sales  of 
publications  amounted  to  $15,849.29,  as  against 
$8502.88  for  the  year  1911. 

The  budget,  which  was  adopted,  showed  an 
estimated  income  for  1913  of  $18,683.33. 

The  A.  L.  A.  Booklist  being  under  discus- 
sion, it  was  moved  by  Dr.  Andrews  that  the 
secretary  ask  the  League  of  Library  Commis- 
sions to  inform  the  Publishing  Board,  for 
their  guidance  in  the  preparation  of  the  Book- 
list, as  to  the  number  of  titles  a  year  which 
should  be  indicated  as  recommended  for  pur- 
chase by  the  small  libraries.  Voted. 

A  manuscript  on  "Periodicals  for  the  small 
library,"  by  Frank  K.  Walter,  substantially  a 
revision  of  Mrs.  MacDonald-Jones'  "Maga- 
zines for  the  small  library,"  now  out  of  print, 
had  been  received  from  the  authorities  of  the 
New  York  State  Library,  with  the  suggestion 
that  it  be  reprinted  by  the  Publishing  Board. 
The  manuscript  was  referred  to  Dr.  Andrews 
as  a  committee  of  one. 

The  secretary  reported  that  Miss  Moody 
had  very  nearly  completed  her  "Index  to 
library  reports,"  and  that  it  would  soon  be 
ready  for  printing.  The  manuscript  was  re- 
ferred to  Dr.  Bostwick,  as  a  committee  of 
one,  for  final  approval,  upon  which  the  secre- 
tary was  authorized  to  have  it  printed. 

At  the  recommendation  of  the  secretary,  it 
was  voted  that  100  sets  of  cards  for  Warner's 
"Library  of  the  world's  best  literature"  be 
reprinted. 

A  report  was  made  by  Dr.  Andrews,  as 
committee  of  one  on  periodical  cards,  in  which 
a  plan  was  outlined  for  reorganizing  the  pres- 
ent method  of  accepting  subscriptions  and  the 
list  of  periodicals  for  which  cards  are  printed. 
The  report  was  adopted. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Dr.  E.  C.  Richard- 
son advocating  the  preparation  and  printing 
of  a  union  list  of  periodicals  in  the  principal 
libraries  of  the  United  States  and  Canada, 
and  inquiring  whether  the  American  Library 
Association  could  help  in  such  a  project.  The 
matter  was  referred  to  Dr.  Andrews  and  Dr. 
Bostwick  as  a  committee  to  investigate  and 
report. 

The  question  of  evaluating  subscription 
books  for  the  information  of  librarians  was 
discussed  at  some  length,  and  Miss  Bascom 
was  requested  to  ascertain,  if  possible,  the 
approximate  number  of  titles  of  subscription 
books  issued  annually,  and  whether  it  would 
be  feasible  to  secure  critical  opinions  regard- 
ing their  respective  merits. 

Voted,  That  a  discount  of  10  per  cent,  on 
all  orders  for  A.  L.  A.  publications,  amounting 
to  $i  or  over,  be  granted  to  all  institutional 
members  of  the  A.  L.  A. 

Henry  E.  Legler  was  re-elected  chairman 
for  the  coming  year. 

GEORGE  B.  UTLEY,  Secretary. 


IOO 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


£tate 


Commissions 


MIDDLE    WESTERN   SECTION  —  LEAGUE   OF 
LIBRARY   COMMISSIONS 

The  mid-winter  meeting  of  the  Middle 
Western  Section  of  the  League  of  Library 
Commissions  was  held  at  Hotel  Sherman, 
Chicago,  January  1-3. 

There  were  present  representatives  of  li- 
brary commissions  from  Indiana,  Iowa,  Illi- 
nois, Kentucky,  Minnesota,  Missouri,  North 
Dakota,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  Oregon  and 
Wisconsin,  with  an  average  attendance  at  each 
session  of  about  40. 

In  the  absence  of  Mr.  Milam,  president  of 
the  League,  and  Miss  Zaidee  Brown,  its  secre- 
tary, Miss  Elizabeth  B.  Wales,  Missouri,  first 
vice-president,  presided,  and  Miss  Clara  F. 
Baldwin,  Minnesota,  was  appointed  secretary 
pro  tern. 

The  future  of  the  traveling  library  was  the 
subject  for  discussion  on  Wednesday  after- 
noon. Duplication  of  work  by  other  agencies, 
such  as  the  university,  agricultural  college, 
state  library  and  reading  circle,  was  first  con- 
sidered. 

Miss  Helen  J.  Stearns,  of  Minnesota,  told 
of  a  traveling  library  exhibit  on  the  Agricul- 
tural School  Special  sent  out  on  the  Soo  Line 
through  northern  Minnesota.  Miss  Stearns 
accompanied  the  exhibit,  and  gave  talks  about 
the  books  and  how  they  might  be  obtained, 
and,  as  a  result,  thirty-five  applications  were 
received.  Mrs.  Budlong  told  of  the  Better 
Farming  Special  in  North  Dakota,  on  which 
traveling  libraries  were  exhibited,  and  Miss 
Tyler  reported  that  traveling  libraries  had 
been  sent  out  on  a  similar  train  in  Iowa.  As 
to  ways  of  tracing  direct  results  from  such 
advertising,  Miss  Stearns,  of  Wisconsin,  de- 
scribed a  special  form  of  application  blank 
used  only  at  county  fairs  and  state  fairs. 
Miss  Davis,  of  Indiana,  told  of  cooperating 
with  Purdue  University  in  furnishing  books 
on  domestic  science  for  study  courses  outlined 
by  the  university,  and  also  lending  books  to 
correspondence  schools.  It  was  agreed  that 
lines  of  work  of  various  state  departments 
should  be  more  clearly  defined,  and  Miss 
Tyler  emphasized  the  importance  of  frequent 
conferences  between  departments  to  this  end, 
saying  there  was  often  confusion  in  the  minds 
of  people  as  to  the  proper  source  to  apply 
for  material. 

Mr.  Watson,  formerly  of  California,  spoke 
of  interlibrary  loans,  explaining  how  the  state 
library  supplemented  the  county  library  sys- 
tems in  this  way. 

The  discussion  on  open-shelf  versus  fixed 
collection  showed  a  tendency  toward  more 
flexibility,  and  supplementing  the  fixed  group 
by  books  on  special  subjects  as  requested. 
Miss  Askew,  of  New  Jersey,  advocated  the 
open-shelf  plan  exclusively,  as  giving  better 
satisfaction  and  taking  less  time. 

Mr.  Dudgeon,  chairman  of  the  committee 


on  parcel  post,  reported  that  the  original  bill 
introduced  by  Senator  Bourne  had  ample  pro- 
vision for  books ;  but  this  was  cut  out  by  the 
mail-order  houses,  who  found  that  parcel  post 
would  increase  the  rate  on  their  catalogs  for 
long  distances.  Representative  Towner,  of 
Iowa,  was  about  to  introduce  a  measure  con- 
solidating third  and  fourth-class  matter,  and 
possibly  another  bill  specifically  including 
books  in  the  parcel  post  rate.  Miss  Tyler 
read  a  letter  from  Representative  Towner  on 
the  subject,  requesting  the  support  of  the 
League  and  the  A.  L.  A.,  and  it  was  voted 
that  the  committee  prepare  a  resolution  rec- 
ommending such  measures. 

On  the  subject  of  subtending  through  local 
libraries,  Miss  Stearns,  of  Wisconsin,  told  of 
sending  100  books  to  a  local  public  library 
from  which  they  were  exchanged  in  neigh- 
boring communities,  taking  advantage  of  the 
knowledge  of  the  local  librarian.  Miss  Raw- 
son,  of  Kentucky,  reported  that  collections  of 
fifty  volumes  had  been  loaned  to  county  su- 
perintendents, who  subloaned  them  to  schools. 
Miss  Davis,  of  Indiana,  said  that  the  same 
plan  had  been  followed  through  libraries 
having  rural  extension. 

The  final  topic  of  the  afternoon  was,  How 
much  shall  we  do  for  schools? 

Miss  Davis,  of  Indiana,  stated  that  they 
had  many  requests  from  schools  for  books  to 
help  teachers,  and  that  they  had  been  obliged 
to  draw  the  line  at  furnishing  text-books, 
sending  only  collections  for  supplementary 
reading.  Miss  Wilson,  supervisor  of  school 
libraries  in  Minnesota,  stated  that  from  her 
observation  the  traveling  library  was  a  good 
solution  of  the  rural  school  problem,  and  that 
Minnesota  was  hoping  for  legislation  this 
winter  which  would  make  consolidation  of 
school  libraries  with  county  libraries  possible. 
There  was  considerable  discussion  as  to  the 
advisability  of  locating  traveling  libraries  in 
schoolhouses,  Miss  Stearns,  of  Wisconsin, 
raising  the  objection  that  schools  were  closed 
so  much  of  the  time,  and  that  adults  would 
not  go  for  books.  On  the  other  hand,  it  was 
reported  by  Indiana  and  Illinois  that  better 
service  was  obtained  through  teachers  than 
through  storekeepers,  and  that  many  commu- 
nities had  become  greatly  interested  through 
schools.  Miss  Marx,  of  the  Iowa  Commis- 
sion, told  of  their  special  collection  for 
schools,  consisting  of  the  books  recommended 
by  the  Department  of  Public  Instruction, 
which  are  kept  on  the  open  shelf,  and  from 
which  teachers  borrow  groups  of  fifty  books. 
Miss  Isom,  of  Portland,  Ore.,  said  that  their 
school  libraries  were  provided  by  a  10  per 
cent,  capita  tax,  and  the  books  selected  from 
lists  compiled  by  the  commission  were  pur- 
chased by  the  commission.  From  the  Port- 
land library,  which  was  a  strictly  county  li- 
brary, traveling  libraries  were  sent  to  rural 
schools,  these  schools  being  supplied  in  the 
same  way  as  those  in  the  city. 

Miss  Ahern  summed  up  the  discussion  by 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


101 


saying  that  it  was  evident  no  hard-and-fast 
rule  could  be  applied.  In  her  opinion,  the 
schools  should  be  helped,  and  the  people  in 
the  community  would  be  reached  through  the 
children.  Library  workers  were  urged  through 
this  means  to  help  in  developing  the  use  of 
schools  as  social  centers. 

Miss  Tyler  drew  a  parallel  between  the  city 
library  and  its  community  and  the  traveling 
library  and  its  community — the  entire  state. 
She  maintained  that  books  should  be  sent 
from  the  traveling  library  to  rural  schools 
when  needed,  just  as  the  city  library  provides 
books  for  city  schools. 

"Problems  of  rural  library  extension"  was 
the  topic  for  discussion  on  Thursday  after- 
noon. This  round-table  was  conducted  by 
Miss  Baldwin,  of  Minnesota,  with  Miss  Helen 
Davis,  of  Indiana,  acting  as  secretary. 

Miss  Tyler,  of  Iowa,  led  the  discussion  on 
"Tax  levy,  how  made  and  rate,"  and  ex- 
plained the  operation  of  the  Iowa  law.  Miss 
Ellen  True,  librarian  of  the  Onawa  Library, 
contributed  much  to  the  discussion  from  her 
practical  experience  in  township  extension, 
and  Miss  Williams  and  Miss  Reba  Davis  told 
of  the  Indiana  law.  A  tax  levy  of  one  mill 
is  allowed  in  both  states,  which  has  proved  a 
sufficient  and  just  amount.  In  Iowa  the  li- 
brary board  of  the  central  library  remains 
unchanged,  while  in  Indiana  the  township  in 
which  the  library  is  located  has  two  repre- 
sentatives on  the  library  board,  the  township 
trustee,  being  ex-officio  a  member  and  having 
the  power  to  appoint  a  member.  Adjoining- 
townships  are  not  represented  on  the  library 
board,  but  the  library  board  is  required  to 
make  an  annual  report  to  each  advisory 
board  not  later  than  the  I5th  of  January. 

Miss  van  Buren,  of  the  Wisconsin  Com- 
mission, led  the  discussion  on  organization 
problems,  telling  of  her  experience  in  estab- 
lishing a  county  library  in  Steele  County, 
Minnesota.  She  was  followed  by  Miss  True, 
Miss  Reba  Davis,  Miss  Wales  and  Mr.  Dud- 
geon, all  of  whom  agreed  that  much 'personal 
work  on  the  part  of  the  librarian  was  essen- 
tial. 

Administrative  problems,  including  estab- 
lishment and  management  of  deposit  stations 
and  branches,  were  discussed  by  Miss  True, 
Miss  Wales  and  Miss  Tyler. 

The  reference  use  of  the  main  library  by 
rural  patrons  was  touched  upon  by  Miss  van 
Buren,  who  found  that  county  extension  had 
brought  people  to  the  central  library.  The 
use  of  assembly  and  clubrooms  and  mainten- 
ance of  restrpoms  in  libraries  was  another 
topic  of  vital  interest.  As  to  whether  a  pub- 
lic library  should  extend  service  to  rural  in- 
habitants, even  if  township  or  county  did  not 
contribute  to  its  support,  there  was  a  differ- 
ence of  opinion,  Miss  Stearns,  of  Wisconsin, 
maintaining  that  this  plan  often  led  to  county 
support,  while  others  reported  that  people 
were  not  likely  to  pay  voluntarily  for  a  privilege 
already  granted.  A  good  solution  proposed 


was  that  the  extension  privileges  might  be 
given  for  one  year  without  support,  in  order 
to  show  people  what  the  library  could  do,  but 
withdrawn  at  the  end  of  that  time  unless 
suitable  compensation  was  made. 

Miss  Ahern,  as  a  member  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
committee  on  cooperation  with  the  N.  E.  A., 
announced  the  meeting  in  Salt  Lake  City  next 
July,  and  read  a  letter  from  the  president  in- 
viting the  League  representatives  to  be  pres- 
ent at  the  meetings  of  the  library  section; 
also  asking  the  League  to  prepare  exhibits 
showing  the  work  of  commissions.  The  mat- 
ter was  referred  to  the  executive  board  of 
the  League.  Mr.  Kerr,  of  Emporia,  Kan., 
urged  the  importance  of  such  exhibits,  ex- 
plaining the  necessity  of  employing  expert 
service  in  the  matter,  in  order  to  show  people 
what  commission  work  means. 

The  further  report  of  the  committee  on 
parcel  post  was  read  by  Mr.  Dudgeon,  its 
chairman : 

Whereas,  The  parcel  post  measure  recently  enacted 
excluded  from  its  privileges  all  library  books,  much 
to  the  disappointment  of  the  state  library  commissions 
which  operate  traveling  library  systems  and  which  had 
strongly  urged  its  enactment  when  books  were  in- 
cluded in  its  provisions,  and 

Whereas,  There  seems  to  be  no  sound  reason  why 
all  articles  of  merely  commercial  importance  should 
be  transported  at  the  lowest  rate,  while  much  needed 
material,  educational  in  its  nature,  can  be  transported 
only  at  rates  so  high  as  to  be  absolutely  prohibitive 
for  general  use;  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  League  of  Library  Commissions 
urges  the  passage  by  Congress  of  some  measure  which 
will  include  library  books  and  material  at  the  lower 
rate  of  transportation  provided  by  the  parcel  post,  and 
that  we  favor  either  a  consolidation  of  third  and 
fourth  class  mail  matter  to  secure  a  rate  for  books 
and  printed  matter  equal  to  that  of  merchandise,  or 
some  other  provision  giving  to  books  belonging  to 
public  libraries  the  parcel  post  rates,  to  the  end  that 
those  living  in  rural  communities  be  given  access  to 
library  privileges. 

On  motion  of  Miss  Tyler,  it  was  voted  that 
the  resolution  be  adopted  and  sent  to  the 
Eastern  Section  for  approval,  to  be  sent  on 
to  Congressman  Towner  as  the  action  of  the 
League. 

Mr.  Hill  asked  that  a  copy  of  the  resolu- 
tion be  presented  to  the  A.  L.  A.  council  and 
executive  board.  Mr.  Dudgeon  added,  further, 
that  commissions  would  be  notified  by  the 
committee  when  the  time  for  action  arrived, 
and  that  the  matter  would  also  be  presented 
to  the  various  state  library  associations. 

The  final  session,  on  Friday  afternoon,  was 
devoted  to  committee  reports  and  miscellane- 
ous discussion. 

The  report  of  the  publications  committee 
was  presented  by  Miss  Rawson,  in  the  absence 
of  Mr.  Dudgeon,  the  chairman,  as  follows: 
A  handbook  to  aid  in  library  campaigns  is  in 
progress,  and  an  outline  will  be  presented  at 
the  June  meeting.  The  list  of  periodicals  for 
a  small  library  has  been  revised  by  Mr.  Wal- 
ter, of  New  York,  and  the  A.  L.  A.  Publish- 
ing Board  has  been  asked  to  print  it. 

Miss  Carey  reported  on  a  list  of  books  for 
the  insane,  which  has  been  compiled  by  Miss 


102 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


Jones,  of  McLean  Hospital,  from  the  shelf- 
list  of  that  library,  with  assistance  from  Miss 
Robinson,  Iowa;  Miss  Waugh,,  Nebraska; 
and  Miss  Carey,  Minnesota.  The  fiction  has 
been  annotated  from  the  standpoint  of  the 
hospital  attendant,  and  the  non-fiction  is  of 
a  popular  character  in  good  editions.  It  was 
suggested'  that  the  list  might  easily  be  made 
a  list  for  hospitals,  starring  books  especially 
recommended  for  insane  patients,  and  thus 
be  made  more  generally  useful.  The  need  of 
such  a  list  was  heartily  endorsed  by  Miss 
Tyler  and  Miss  Stearns,  and  on  motion  of 
Miss  Tyler,  it  was  recommended  that  the  pub- 
lications committee  of  the  League  give  favor- 
able consideration  to  the  publication  of  this 
list. 

Miss  Wales  reported  for  the  committee  on 
charter  provisions  for  public  libraries  that, 
after  conference  with  the  A.  L.  A.  committee, 
it  was  decided  that  it  was  advisable  to  formu- 
late general  provisions  for  such  charters, 
rather  than  outline  a  definite  charter,  owing 
to  the  variation  in  laws  in  different  states. 

A  preliminary  report  of  the  committee  on 
federal  prison  libraries  was  read  by  Mr.  Wat- 
son, as  follows: 

As  a  result  of  the  correspondence  of  your 
committee  with  the  Department  of  Justice 
since  the  Ottawa  meeting,  the  Attorney-Gen- 
eral will  include  in  his  recommendations  for 
appropriations  for  the  Department  of  Justice 
for  the  year  1913,  $2500  for  the  library  of 
the  Atlanta  prison,  $2500  for  the  library  of 
the  Leavenworth  prison,  and  $500  for  the  li- 
brary in  the  McNeil  Island  prison. 

These  recommendations  will  be  laid  before 
the  Appropriations  Committee  as  part  of  the 
Sundry  Civil  Bill  during  the  first  week  in 
January. 

The  Attorney-General  having  asked  the 
aid  of  the  committee  in  bringing  the  matter 
to  the  favorable  attention  of  the  chairman  of 
the  Appropriation  Committee,  Mr.  Fitzgerald, 
of  Brooklyn,  we  have  directed  our  effort 
towards  securing  the  support  in  the  matter 
of  one  or  two  influential  friends  to  whom  we 
thought  Mr.  Fitzgerald  might  be  inclined  to 
listen.  The  chairman  has  also  personally 
written  Mr.  Fitzgerald. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

DELIA  F.  SNEED,  Chairman. 

On  behalf  of  Miss  Margaret  Brown,  chair- 
man of  the  committee  on  study  outlines,  Miss 
Tyler  reported  that  prompt  responses  had 
been  received  to  a  recent  questionnaire  as  to 
subjects  most  in  demand,  and  it  was  hoped 
that  outlines  on  several  of  these  subjects 
might  be  ready  for  publication  by  the  next 
meeting  of  the  League. 

The  need  of  cooperation  between  libraries 
and  booksellers  was  discussed,  Miss  Clat- 
worthy,  of  Dayton,  telling  of  recent  success- 
ful experiment  in  getting  a  department  store 
to  hold  the  exhibit  of  children's  books  for 
Christmas. 

Evaluating  subscription  books  and  the  pro- 


tection of  the  small  library  from  agents  was 
found  to  be  a  difficult  problem,  for  which  the 
ouly  solution  offered  both  by  Mr.  Watson  and 
Mr.  Utley  was  total  abstinence  on  the  part 
of  librarians  and  book  committees. 

Mr.  Kerr,  of  Emporia,  Kan.,  Normal 
School,  brought  greetings  from  the  Normal 
School  librarians  in  session  and  asked  the  co- 
operation of  the  League  in  securing  the  pub- 
lication, through  the  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Education,  of  a  school  library  list, 
which  could  be  used  in  all  states,  and  other 
special  lists,  and  also  in  outlining  a  course  in 
library  work  to  be  given  in  normal  schools. 

It  was  voted  that  the  plans  outlined  by  Mr. 
Kerr  be  referred  to  the  executive  board  of 
the  League,  with  the  recommendation  that 
the  League  cooperate  with  the  normal  school 
section,  and,  further,  that  the  League  send 
greetings  to  the  normal  school  librarians  and 
congratulations  on  the  success  of  their  first 
meeting. 

In  answer  to  the  question,  "Can  the  small 
reading-room  compete  with  local  amusements 
of  questionable  character?"  Miss  Allin  told 
of  the  establishment  of  an  institutional  church 
in  a  country  community  where  the  reading- 
room  was  an  important  feature;  Miss  Ellis 
of  the  organization  of  a  flourishing  boys' 
club,  which  began  with  a  small  reading-room, 
and  Miss  Askew  of  the  establishment  of  com- 
munity houses  in  connection  with  public  libra- 
ries. Miss  Tyler  pointed  out  the  great  need 
of  civic  pleasure  centers,  the  library  being 
only  one  side  of  the  work,  and  asked  if  any 
state  had  made  provision  for  such  work. 
Miss  L.  E.  Stearns  told  of  a  Wisconsin  law 
that  authorizes  a  tax  levy  for  recreation 
centers. 

Resolutions  of  regret  were  passed  for  the 
absence  of  the  president,  and  expressions  of 
sympathy  over  the  serious  illness  of  his 
mother,  with  the  hope  of  her  speedy  recovery. 

After  a  cordial  vote  of  thanks  to  the  Chi- 
cago Library  Club  and  to  Miss  Jane  Addams, 
her  assistants  at  Hull  House,  and  especially 
the  Hull  House  Players  for  the  very  delight- 
ful entertainment  of  the  previous  evening,  the 
meeting  adjourned. 

CLARA  F.  BALDWIN, 

Secretary  pro  tern. 


State  %tfcrar2  associations 

MASSACHUSETTS  LIBRARY  CLUB  MEETING 

The  Massachusetts  Library  Club  held  its 
eightieth  meeting,  Thursday,  January  23,  at 
Medford.  The  meeting  was  well  attended, 
about  300  being  present,  including  many  libra- 
rians from  the  adjoining  states.  There  were 
also  present  a  noticeably  large  number  of 
library  trustees. 

At  the  noon  intermission,  after  the  boun- 
teous luncheon,  many  visited  the  Royall 
House,  a  fine  specimen  of  early  colonial  archi- 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


103 


tecture  and  of  historic  interest  because  of  its 
early  occupants  and  its  associations  with  the 
Revolution.  The  Medford  Library  has  many 
interesting  features,  including  a  separate 
building  for  the  children  and  school  depart- 
ments, and  many  found  inspiration  and  profit 
from  their  visit  there.  It  is  regretted  that 
there  is  usually  not  time  enough  for  an  ex- 
tended visit  to  the  local  library  when  attend- 
ing library  meetings.  The  library  is  the  con- 
crete expression  of  the  librarian's  personal- 
ity, which  counts  for  far  more  than  books  or 
building  in  the  work  that  is  done.  The  libra- 
rians left  Medford  with  an  enthusiastic  ap- 
preciation of  the  courtesies  and  fine  welcome 
given  them  by  the  Medford  Library,  with  in- 
spiration derived  from  the  papers  read  and 
from  their  visit  to  the  library,  and  with  a 
grateful  understanding  of  the  hard  work  done 
by  Miss  Sargent  and  the  committee  to  make 
the  meeting  so  marked  a  success. 

The  meeting  opened  with  an  address  of 
welcome  by  the  Rev.  Henry  C.  DeLong, 
chairman  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
Medford  Library,  in  which  he  paid  fine  tribute 
to  the  memory  of  the  former  librarian,  Miss 
Mary  E.  Sargent,  whose  work,  particularly 
with  children,  was  of  inestimable  value  to  the 
town  and  had  won  national  recognition.  Miss 
Sargent  was  among  the  first  to  do  systematic 
and  sympathetic  work  with  children. 

Mr.  Belden,  as  presiding  officer,  made  a 
graceful  response.  He  then  called  the  atten- 
tion of  the  club  to  the  handbook,  "Guide  to 
immigrants/'  by  John  F.  Carr,  published  at 
15  cents  a  copy  in  paper,  by  Doubleday,  Page, 
and  prepared  under  the  auspices  of  the  D.  A. 
R.  of  Connecticut.  The  book  is  of  great 
value  to  the  immigrant,  explaining  to  him  the 
history  and  ideals  of  the  American  people, 
and  giving  plain  and  simple  directions  for 
becoming  a  good  citizen.  It  will  be  particu- 
larly helpful  in  libraries  in  small  communities, 
where  the  possibilities  for  personal  work  are 
so  great.  There  are  also  editions  in  English 
Yiddish,  Italian  and  Polish.  Other  foreign 
translations  are  in  prospect.  The  "Guide  to 
immigrants"  may  be  ordered  of  John  F.  Carr, 
241  Fifth  avenue,  New  York  City. 

Mr.  Belden  then  presented  the  resolutions 
recently  adopted  at  the  Chicago  mid-winter 
library  meeting,  recommending  that  library 
books  be  admitted  to  parcels  post.  These  res- 
olutions were  adopted  by  the  club,  and  an 
effort  will  be  made  towards  the  enactment  of 
a  law  to  that  effect. 

The  topic  for  the  morning  session  was 
"Government  documents."  Mr.  James  I.  Wyer, 
Jr.,  of  the  State  Library,  Albany,  gave  the 
principal  paper.  He  called  attention  to  the 
necessity  of  at  least  one  library  in  a  city  or 
town  caring  for  the  city  documents,  preserv- 
ing a  file  of  the  local  papers,  collecting  books 
by  local  people,  etc.  This  collection  might 
be  the  nucleus  for  an  historical  society  li- 
brary. He  then  outlined,  in  an  entertaining 
manner,  the  methods  of  printing,  distributing 


and  acquiring  government  documents.  He 
explained  the  methods  of  the  Government 
Printer  and  of  the  Superintendent  of  Docu- 
ments, and  told  why  so  many  libraries  were 
burdened  with  documents  they  did  not  want, 
and  why  so  many  others  could  not  get  the 
documents  they  needed.  The  best  way  to  get 
documents  is  to  apply  directly  to  the  bureau 
that  issues  them.  Failing  there,  apply  to 
your  Representative,  then  your  Senator,  and 
then  to  the  Superintendent  of  Documents. 
Congress  is  trying  to  stop  the  wasteful  dis- 
tribution, which  partly  accounts  for  the  fact 
that  a  price  is  placed  on  so  many  documents 
by  the  Superintendent  of  Documents.  Mr. 
Wyer  recommended  that  the  average  library 
should  treat  government  documents  as  ordi- 
nary books,  and  classify  them  with  the  rest 
of  the  library. 

The  use  of  government  documents  in  the 
libraries  at  Haverhill,  Milton  and  Worcester 
was  explained  by  Mr.  Moulton,  Miss  Luard 
and  Mr.  Shaw.  Mr.  Moulton  spoke  of  a 
simple  way  of  arranging  documents  without 
spending  much  time  in  cataloging  them,  using 
the  third  edition  of  the  "Checklist  of  United 
States  documents,  1789-1909,  Vol.  I,  1911, 
as  a  basis  for  the  arrangement,  and  checking 
recent  acquisitions  on  a  simple  serial  check- 
list, treating  the  collection,  in  fact,  like  a 
magazine  collection.  He  recommended,  when 
the  library  was  cramped  for  room,  that  the 
documents  be  segregated,  in  the  main,  keep- 
ing only  the  last  issue  of  purely  statistical 
documents  and  shelving  these  with  the  gen- 
eral reference  collection.  He  depended  chiefly 
for  knowledge  of  the  contents  of  the  docu- 
ments on  the  indexes  issued  by  the  depart- 
ments or  bureaus,  and  on  the  indexing  clone 
in  the  "Readers'  guide."  He  recommended 
the  A.  L.  A.  handbook,  "United  States  gov- 
ernment documents  in  small  libraries,"  by 
James  I.  Wyer,  Jr.,  as  the  best  guide  on  the 
subject  for  small  libraries.  Miss  Luard  out- 
lined the  plan  used  in  the  Milton  Library, 
treating  many  of  the  documents  as  pamphlets, 
following  the  plan  outlined  by  Miss  Brown 
described  in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  August, 
1907.  Cards  are  put  in  the  catalog  for  all 
subjects  of  importance,  and  are  then  re- 
moved when  the  document  is  superseded  by  a 
later  issue.  The  older  documents,  when  super- 
seded, are  discarded,  and  with  them  the  cata- 
log cards.  In  this  way  the  collection  does  not 
become  burdensome  through  its  size.  Docu- 
ments are  classed  with  their  subject,  either 
as  books  and  permanently  cataloged,  or  as 
ephemeral  pamphlets.  A  few  long  sets  are 
segregated. 

Mr.  Shaw's  paper  was  from  the  standpoint 
of  the  large  library  with  a  large  collection 
of  documents  permanently  shelved  and  well 
cataloged.  He  did  not  segregate  the  docu- 
ment sets,  and  he  found  them  largely  used. 
He  mentioned  some  of  the  important  books 
and  sets  which  an  average  library  might  well 
own. 

In    the     afternoon,     Mrs.     Belle    Holcomb 


104 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{February,  1913 


Johnson,  visitor  and  inspector  of  libraries  for 
the  Connecticut  Public  Library  Commission, 
read  a  helpful  paper  on  the  selection  of  fic- 
tion. 

At  this  point,  the  club,  on  the  motion  of 
Mr.  Bolton,  voted  hearty  thanks  to  the  Med- 
ford  Library  and  to  Miss  Sargent  for  the 
hospitality  enjoyed. 

Mr.  Lane  then  gave  an  account  of  the  new 
Harvard  College  library,  illustrated  by  stere- 
opticon.  As  Mr.  Lane's  account  appears  else- 
where in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  further  men- 
tion here  is  not  necessary. 

The  annual  dinner  of  the  club  was  held 
that  evening  at  the  Exchange  Club,  in  Boston. 
An  informal  reception  before  the  dinner  gave 
opportunity  to  meet  Mrs.  Lionel  Marks  (Jose- 
phine Preston  Peabody).  About  135  were 
present,  including  as  guests  members  of  the 
New  England  Club  of  Library  Commission 
Workers.  The  after-dinner  address  was  by 
Mrs.  Marks,  whose  delightful  readings  from 
her  poems,  particularly  her  children's  poems 
in  "The  book  of  the  little  past,"  were  greatly 
enjoyed  and  were  a  fitting  climax  to  a  happy 
and  profitable  day. 

JOHN  G.  MOULTON,  Secretary. 

NEW    YORK  LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION 

Hotel  Sagamore,  Lake  George,  N.  Y.,  has 
been  selected  by  the  Executive  Board  as  the 
place  of  meeting  for  1913.  Later  announce- 
ments will  give  further  details. 

MONTANA  STATE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

The  Montana  State  Library  Association  held 
its  annual  meeting  at  Missoula,  Dec.  26,  27  and 
28  at  the  same  time  as  the  State  Teachers' 
Association  meeting. 

The  opening  session  was  held  in  the  Library 
of  the  University  of  Montana,  Miss  Grace  M. 
Stoddard  presiding. 

After  President  Craighead,  of  the  university, 
gave  an  address  of  welcome  the  roll  was 
called,  and  each  member  responded  by  a  brief 
report  of  some  special  work  carried  on  in  her 
library  for  the  year.  This  proved  a  good  inno- 
vation, as  it  drew  the  strangers  together.  A 
tea  at  the  library  closed  this  meeting. 

Friday,  Dec.  27.  The  leading  feature  of  the 
morning  session  was  an  address  by  Mrs.  K. 
M.  Jacobson,  of  Spokane,  Washington,  before 
a  joint  meeting  of  the  Library  and  Teachers' 
Associations  at  University  Hall.  Mrs.  Jacob- 
son  talked  on  the  new  movement  of  library 
extension  for  Montana.  She  also  spoke  in- 
formally with  the  librarians  at  the  afternoon 
session.  The  members  of  the  Library  Asso- 
ciation took  advantage  of  this  opportunity  to 
ask  and  discuss  many  questions.  Miss  Stod- 
dard, the  president,  gave  a  report  of  her  study 
of  California  County  library  system,  and  Mr. 
Lever  dwelt  on  the  attitude  of  pupils  toward 
county  libraries. 

Friday  afternoon  Prof.  G.  F.  Reynolds,  of 
the  University  of  Montana,  gave  an  unusual 
and  charming  address  on  the  "New  attitude 


toward  English,"  after  which  the  meeting  ad- 
j  ourned. 

At  six  o'clock  a  banquet  was  tendered  to 
the  members  of  the  Library  Association  by 
the  Board  of  Library  Trustees  at  the  Palace 
Hotel. 

Saturday,  Dec.  28.  At  the  closing  session, 
the  business  meeting,  the  minutes  and  treasur- 
er's reports  were  read.  At  the  annual  election 
of  officers  the  following  officers  were  chosen 
for  1913:  president,  Miss  Gertrude  Buckhous, 
of  University  Library,  Missoula;  vice-presi- 
dent, Mrs.  R.  F.  Hammond,  Havre ;  secretary- 
treasurer,  Miss  Louise  Fernald,  Great  Falls. 
The  program  appointment  was :  Josephine  M. 
Haley,  Elizabeth  L.  Thomson,  Anaconda,  and 
Mabel  Collins,  Billings. 

The  rest  of  this  session  was  given  to  the 
proposed  library  bill,  which  provides  for  the 
extension  of  library  privileges  to  country  resi- 
dents and  the  betterment  of  library  extension 
work  in  general.  Miss  Gertrude  Buckhous,  of 
the  University  of  Montana  Library,  read  the 
bill,  which,  section  by  section,  was  approved, 
with  certain  necessary  changes. 

Miss  Buckhous,  the  chairman  of  this  'com- 
mittee, has  spared  no  pains  to  make  this  bill 
a  success,  and  it  is  the  hope  of  all  library 
people  in  Montana  that  the  Legislative  Assem- 
bly in  January  will  act  upon  it  favorably.  The 
center  of  the  entire  meeting  of  the  Library 
Association  was  this  contemplated  bill,  which 
deserves  the  support  of  both  country  and 
city  residents  of  Montana. 

JOSEPHINE  M.  HALEY,  Secretary-Treasurer. 

TENNESSEE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 
The  Tennessee  Library  Association  met  in 
Nashville,  January  14.  While  it  was  not  a 
largely  attended  meeting,  it  was  a  representa- 
tive one,  and  prominent  librarians  from  vari- 
ous sections  of  the  state  were  present.  The 
officers  elected  were:  Miss  Manilla  Freeman, 
Goodwyn  Institute,  Memphis,  president;  Miss 
Lizzie  Lee  Bloomstein,  Peabody  College  Li- 
brary, Nashville,  first  vice-president ;  Miss 
Alice  Drake-Jackson,  second  vice-president; 
Miss  Margaret  Kercheval,  Nashville,  librarian 
Carnegie  Library,  secretary;  Mrs.  P.  P.  Clax- 
ton,  Washington,  first  honorary  president; 
and  G.  H.  Baskette,  Nashville,  second  honor- 
ary president. 

In  his  address,  Mr.  Baskette  spoke  particu- 
larly of  the  wonderful  field  for  the  library 
work  and  of  the  growth  the  library  interests 
made  in  the  past  few  years,  and  discussed  in 
general  the  profession  of  librarian.  Mr.  Bas- 
kette, who  has  served  as  president  for  many 
years,  asked  not  to  be  re-elected,  but  was 
unanimously  elected  second  honorary  presi- 
dent 

Following  the  address  and  election  of  offi- 
cers, various  subjects  relating  to  the  work 
of  the  libraries  and  the  many  problems  that 
confront  the  librarians  of  smaller  libraries 
were  discussed.  Among  the  topics  considered 
were:  "Small  town  libraries,"  "The  library  as 


February,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


105 


a  social  center,"  "Relation  of  the  library  to 
local  history,"  "How  to  attract  the  children," 
and  "To  what  ends  and  how  shall  the  public 
library  and  the  public  schools  cooperate?" 
The  majority  of  those  present  took  part  in 
these  discussions,  which  were  animated  and 
helpful. 

In  the  evening  a  joint  session  was  held  with 
the  public  school  officers. 

WISCONSIN  STATE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

The  Wisconsin  State  Library  Association 
will  hold  its  annual  meeting  at  Wausau,  March 
5-7,  1913-  The  program  for  the  meeting  is 
now  being  prepared,  and  promises  to  be  both 
interesting  and  profitable.  President  Evans, 
of  Ripon  College,  will  deliver  the  evening  ad- 
dress. One  of  the  features  of  the  program  will 
be  a  dramatic  reading  of  Sheridan's  "The 
rivals,"  which  is  to  be  followed  by  a  brief 
epilogue  on  the  aim  and  pleasure  of  dramatic 
readings  by  Professor  Pyre,  of  the  University 
of  Wisconsin. 

A    CORRECTION 

IN  the  report  of  the  Nebraska  Library  As- 
sociation's annual  meeting,  LIBRARY  JOURNAL, 
December,  1912,  is  the  statement  that  Ne- 
braska is  the  only  state  having  an  appropria- 
tion for  the  up-keep  of  institutional  libraries. 

The  secretary  of  the  Vermont  State  Library 
Commission  states,  in  correction,  that  Ver- 
mont appropriated  a  yearly  sum  for  the  main- 
tenance of  libraries  in  its  penal  and  charitable 
institutions  late  in  1910,  which  was  before 
Nebraska  made  its  appropriation,  and  that 
such  work  has  been  regularly  carried  on  with 
four  institutions  from  the  office  of  the  Ver- 
mont Library  Commissioners. 


Clubs 


NEW    YORK    LIBRARY    CLUB 

The  third  meeting  of  the  New  York  Li- 
brary Club  for  the  year  1912-1913  was  held 
on  Thursday,  Jan.  9,  1913,  as  a  joint  meeting 
of  the  New  York  Library  Club  and  the  Long 
Island  Library  Club,  at  the  Ethical  Culture 
Building.  After  a  brief  business  meeting  of 
the  New  York  Library  Club  for  the  transac- 
tion of  routine  business  and  the  election  of 
32  new  members,  31  individuals  and  one  in- 
stitution, President  Hicks  declared  the  joint 
meeting  open  for  the  consideration  of  the 
special  topic,  "The  relation  of  libraries  to 
contemporary  movements  in  education,"  the 
third  in  the  series  of  meetings  which  the  club 
is  devoting  to  the  general  subject  of  the  "Re- 
lation of  libraries  to  the  great  movements  of 
the  world  to-day."  President  Hicks  intro- 
duced as  the  first  speaker  of  the  afternoon 
Professor  Ernst  M.  Henderson,  of  Adelphi 
College,  Brooklyn,  who  spoke  on  "Problems 
and  movements  in  modern  education." 


DR.  HENDERSON'S  ADDRESS 

Dr.  Henderson  said  that,  as  the  progress  of 
modern  education  has  pursued  a  devious  way, 
the  fundamental  problem  at  the  present  time 
is  how  to  make  education  scientific.  The 
difficulties  in  the  way  of  this  have  been  that 
there  has  been  no  agreement  as  to  what  the 
product  of  education  should  be,  and  no  way 
of  telling  whether  education  has  really  ac- 
complished what  it  was  intended  to  accom- 
plish. Experimental  pedagogy,  that  is,  teach- 
ing carried  on  under  observed  and  described 
conditions,  aims  to  define  conditions  and  to 
ascertain  what  causes  produce  what  results, 
to  form  a  clearing  house  of  results  and  thus 
avoid  useless  repetitions. 

Another  important  modern  problem  is  that 
of  vocational  education.  In  this  form  of  ed- 
ucation, which  is  naturally  thought  to  be  the 
most  useful  in  a  democratic  community, 
democratic  America  has  lagged  behind  the 
European  countries.  The  reason  for  such 
backwardness  is  that  America,  recognizing  no 
class  distinctions,  has  tried  to  apply  one  best 
system  of  education  to  all  children,  whereas 
Europe  has  tried  to  adapt  education  to  the 
child's  walk  of  life  and  future  occupation. 
The  important  problems  of  vocational  educa- 
tion are:  (i)  what  to  teach — the  first  voca- 
tional curricula  were  patchworks ;  (2)  how  to 
combine  the  theoretical  and  the  practical — 
one  interesting  solution  of  this  problem  being 
the  so-called  Cincinnati  plan,  by  which  the 
student  spends  half  time  in  school  and  half 
time  in  workshops;  (3)  the  question  of 
whether  the  school  shall  follow  or  lead  the 
vocation;  (4)  the  problem  of  teachers, 
whether  they  shall  be  taken  from  the  schools 
or  from  the  vocation;  and  (5)  the  attempt 
to  fit  the  individual  to  the  kind  of  education 
which  he  ought  to  have,  not  which  he  wants. 
To  solve  this  latter  question,  psychological 
laboratory  tests  and  observation  of  the  stu- 
dent's progress  in  his  different  school  subjects 
have  been  suggested. 

The  question  of  vocational  education  is  one 
phase  of  the  large  problem  of  the  adaption 
of  education  to  the  individual.  Other  ques- 
tions of  the  problem  of  adaption  are:  (i) 
the  problem  of  breaking  the  "lock-step"  which 
the  schools  have  developed,  so  that  the  supe- 
rior child  and  the  defective  child  need  no 
longer  be  forced  to  attempt  the  same  rate  of 
progress;  and  (2)  the  problem  of  electives. 

Another  problem  is  that  of  moral  and  re- 
ligious education.  When  religious  education 
was  abandoned,  moral  education  went  with 
it,  and  the  problem  is  how  to  bring  it  back. 
Three  different  opinions  are  held:  (i)  that 
the  teachers  should  be  models,  and  that  all 
education  must  be  utilized  to  bring  out  moral 
ideas;  (2)  that  morality  can  only  be  taught 
in  connection  with  religion;  and  (3)  that 
definite  courses  in  morality  should  be  given. 

The  lecturer  mentioned  briefly  the  problem 
of  efficiency  and  economy  —  how  to  make 


io6 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


things  tell.  There  are  leakages  everywhere, 
but  these  cannot  be  stopped  until  there  is 
more  information  available.  Therefore,  con- 
stant investigations  are  necessary.  Proposed 
reforms  in  methods  of  teaching,  which  are 
important,  are  teaching  of  the  art  of  study 
and  the  Montessori  method. 

At  the  conclusion  of  Dr.  Henderson's  pa- 
per, Mr.  Hicks  announced  that  the  rest  of 
the  program  would  consist  of  a  detailed  de- 
velopment of  two  of  the  problems  mentioned 
by  the  first  speaker — vocational  education  and 
the  problem  of  the  defective  child — and  in- 
troduced the  second  speaker,  Miss  Kate  Tur- 
ner, assistant  principal  of  Erasmus  Hall  High 
School,  who  read  a  paper  on  "Vocational 
guidance  in  high  school." 

OTHER  ADDRESSES 

The  choice  of  vocations,  Miss  Turner  said, 
is  a  modern  question.  In  early  times  there 
was  no  choice  of  vocation,  but  a  gradual 
change  has  been  going  on  which  has  cul- 
minated in  the  present-day  complexity  of 
choice.  Traditional  and  family  occupations 
are  no  longer  kept  up,  and  in  choosing  occu- 
pations, certain  questions  which  should  be 
considered  are :  What  do  the  interests  of  the 
individual  demand ;  what  do  the  interests  of 
society  demand,  and  how  may  these  interests 
be  combined?  Young  people  entering  an  oc- 
cupation may  be  divided  into  four  classes: 
the  14-year  old,  the  i6-year  old,  the  high 
school  graduate  and  the  college  graduate.  The 
boy  or  girl  who  must  go  to  work  at  fourteen 
does  so  untrained ;  but  the  community  de- 
mands that  the  i6-year  old  shall  come  to  it 
trained,  and  the  task  of  furnishing  such 
training  is  laid  on  the  state  school  system. 

The  speaker  protested  vigorously  against  a 
too-early  choice  of  occupation.  "It  is  axio- 
matic that  only  omniscient  power  has  the 
right  to  determine  in  what  way  the  individual 
can  best  serve  the  community."  A  firm  stand 
should  be  made  against  too  early  specializa- 
tion, and  tests  should  never  be  applied  to 
immaturity.  Evening  schools  should  be  abol- 
ished, and,  in  the  case  of  a  child  who  must 
earn  something,  half  work  and  half  school 
should  be  substituted.  One  good  result  to 
be  expected  from  such  a  change  would  be  to 
save  the  child  from  going  prematurely  into 
an  occupation  to  which  he  may  not  be  suited. 
Even  with  high  school  students  haste  should 
be  avoided. 

To  make  an  intelligent  choice,  students 
should  know  about  vocations,  about  the  large 
or  small  demand  for  certain  vocations,  and 
should  be  able  to  recognize  the  call  when  it 
comes  to  them.  Girls  are  a  special  problem, 
as  they  do  not  choose  from  among  enough 
occupations.  Nearly  all  elect  to  be  either 
teachers  or  stenographers,  and  the  girl  who 
chooses  library  work  is  regarded  as  most 
original.  This  problem  is  further  compli- 
cated by  the  fact  that  it  is  not  yet  known 


what  the  twentieth  century  will  demand  of 
women. 

High  schools  are  only  beginning  to  try  out 
this  question  of  choice  of  vocation.  Among 
various  expedients,  the  lecturer  mentioned 
attempts  by  students  to  make  a  subjective 
study  of  themselves,  work  of  "placements 
committee"  in  guiding  students,  and  talks 
from  experts  who  speak  to  students  on  dif- 
ferent lines  of  work,  enlarging  their  informa- 
tion and  giving  them  some  idea  of  the  re- 
quirements, opportunity  and  emoluments  of 
different  lines  of  work. 

In  conclusion,  Miss  Turner  said  that  much 
of  the  general  information  about  occupations 
should  be  given  by  libraries.  The  librarian 
could  help  here  by  supplying  books  for  teach- 
ers, by  devoting  bulletins  to  news  from  the 
field,  and  by  becoming  a  bureau  of  vocational 
information. 

The  president  then  introduced  the  third 
speaker,  Miss  Elizabeth  Farrell,  inspector  of 
ungraded  classes  in  the  New  York  public 
schools,  who  delivered  a  most  inspiring  ad- 
dress on  "The  problem  of  backward  and 
defective  children  in  elementary  school." 

Miss  Farrell  said  that  she  would  not  resist 
the  opportunity  to  enlist  sympathy  for  the 
defective  child,  and  to  that  end  would  assume 
ignorance  of  the  problem  on  the  part  of  her 
hearers,  and  by  telling  them  elementary  facts 
of  the  case  would  try  to  bring  them  over  to 
her  side. 

The  question  of  the  defective  child  is  a 
large  question.  No  field  of  literature  is  grow- 
ing just  now  as  the  literature  of  eugenics  is 
growing. 

In  New  York  there  are  7000  mentally  sub- 
normal children,  made  so  either  by  disease 
from  which  they  have  only  partly  recovered, 
or  by  the  inheritance  of  a  defective  physical 
or  nervous  system.  These  children  are  the 
dregs,  they  are  at  the  bottom,  and  most  of 
them  must  remain  there;  but  they  can  be 
helped  to  become  a  useful,  or,  at  least,  a 
harmless  element  of  the  community,  rather 
than  the  dangerous  element  which  they  have 
been  in  the  past.  The  schools  have  only  re- 
cently become  democratic  enough  to  consider 
defective  children.  Defectives,  as  a  class, 
have  been  heard  of  only  in  the  last  six 
years.  Before  then  such  children  were  re- 
cruiting the  prisons.  Of  the  inmates  of  the 
Elmira  Reformatory,  40  per  cent,  are  defec- 
tives. 

Miss  Farrell  described  the  criminal  record 
of  a  typical  defective,  and  asked  the  question, 
"What  are  you  going  to  do  about  it?"  The 
answer,  she  said,  must  be,  "Prevent  it!"  As 
a  means  to  this  end,  there  is  the  ungraded 
class  in  the  schools.  The  school  offers  a 
chance  for  a  continuous  observation  of  a 
child's  life.  It  gives  the  defective  child  train- 
ing, care,  doctors,  fresh  air,  etc.  The  school 
must  teach  the  defective  child  how  to  use 
what  ability  he  has,  and  must  not  lose  hold 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY   JOURNAL 


107 


of  him  when  he  leaves  the  school.  Perhaps 
the  solution  of  this  latter  problem  will  be 
farm  colonies,  to  which  the  defective  child 
must  be  graduated,  to  live  usefully  under 
supervision. 

At  the  conclusion  of  Miss  Farrell's  address, 
Mr.  Hicks  called  upon  Dr.  Bardwell,  District 
Superintendent  of  Public  Schools,  for  discus- 
sion. Dr.  Bardwell  said  that  he  spoke  to  the 
club  as  a  representative  of  the  people's  uni- 
versity. Libraries,  he  thought,  should  see  that 
knowledge  percolates  into  the  home.  We 
cannot  yet  be  sure  how  the  problem  of  voca- 
tional guidance  is  to  be  solved,  but  libraries 
can  help  to  make  attractive  and  available  cer- 
tain fundamental  information  about  (i)  de- 
mands of  different  occupations,  particularly 
those  in  the  community  in  which  the  library 
or  the  school  is  located;  (2)  emoluments; 
(3)  attractiveness  and  desirability  of  differ- 
ent occupations;  and  (4)  information  which 
parents  ought  to  have  about  the  effects  of 
children's  diseases. 

After  the  passing  of  a  vote  of  thanks  to 
the  speakers  and  to  the  authorities  of  the 
Ethical  Culture  School,  the  meeting  ad- 
journed. A  very  interesting  exhibit  of  books 
for  school  libraries,  which  had  been  prepared 
by  the  Library  School  of  the  New  York  Pub- 
lic Library,  was  displayed  during  the  meeting, 
and  tea  was  served  at  an  informal  reception 
after  the  adjournment  of  the  formal  meeting. 
ISADORE  G.  MUDGE,  Secy. 

ROCHESTER   DISTRICT    LIBRARY    CLUB 

The  January  meeting  of  the  club  was  held 
at  the  library  of  the  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary  on  January  10.  Twenty-two  were 
present.  The  minutes  of  the  previous  meet- 
ing were  read  and  approved.  The  report  of 
the  treasurer  was  read  and  approved. 

The  question  of  the  place  and  date  of  the 
next  meeting  was  left  open,  to  be  decided 
later  by  the  executive  committee. 

A  report  was  presented  by  the  committee 
on  a  union  list  of  periodicals,  which  stated 
some  of  the  details  which  the  committee  are 
planning  to  cover  in  that  list.  Newspapers  and 
proceedings  and  transactions  of  societies  are 
to  be  considered  as  periodicals.  Each  library 
is  requested  to  list  every  periodical  which  it 
has  upon  its  shelves,  whether  or  not  it  is  on 
the  present  subscription  list.  The  entries  are 
to  be  made  on  cards,  in  conformity  with  a 
sample  card  which  will  be  furnished  by  the 
committee. 

The  Theological  Seminary  is  the  third  of 
the  libraries  of  the  city  about  which  the  club 
has  had  the  .opportunity  of  hearing,  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  plan  for  the  members,  so 
far  as  possible,  to  become  familiar  with  the 
history  and  work  of  the  libraries  in  the  dis- 
trict. Prof.  W.  R.  Betteridge,  the  librarian, 
gave  an  account  of  the  history  of  the  li- 
brary, which  was  founded  in  1850,  the  same 
year  in  which  the  seminary  was  opened.  It 


had,  for  the  nucleus  of  its  collection,  the 
library  of  Neander,  the  church  historian, 
which  was  bought  at  auction  and  presented 
to  the  library.  Since  then  it  has  increased, 
until  it  numbers  about  39,500  volumes.  Owing 
to  the  system  of  classification  which  was  be- 
gun in  1907,  under  the  direction  of  Miss  Julia 
Pettee,  the  collection  is  rendered  much  more 
available  and  convenient  for  consultation  than 
is  the  case  with  theological  seminaries  in 
general. 

After  adjournment,  the  members  had  the 
opportunity  of  inspecting  the  library,  the 
reading-room  and  the  exhibits. 

ETHEL  F.  SAYRE,  Secy. 

PENNSYLVANIA  LIBRARY  CLUB 

A  stated  meeting  of  the  Pennsylvania  Li- 
brary Club  was  held  at  the  H.  Josephine 
Widener  branch  of  the  Free  Library  of  Phil- 
adelphia on  Monday  evening,  Jan.  13,  1913. 
After  the  usual  business  of  the  evening  was 
disposed  of,  the  president,  Mr.  Ernest  Spof- 
ford,  was  compelled  to  announce  that  the 
speaker  of  the  evening,  Mr.  John  Thomson, 
who  was  to  have  given  an  illustrated  address 
on  "London,"  was  unavoidably  detained  by 
sudden  illness.  Mr.  Frank  D.  Baugher,  libra- 
rian-in-charge  of  the  Widener  branch,  very 
kindly  offered  to  deliver  his  illustrated  ad- 
dress on  "Panama,"  and  while  all  regretted 
not  being  able  to  hear  Mr.  Thomson,  the  lec- 
ture on  Panama  was  enjoyed  by  everyone. 
Mr.  Baugher  proved  he  knew  the  Canal  sub- 
ject thoroughly;  the  slides  were  made  from 
photographs  which  Mr.  Baugher  had  taken  on 
a  recent  visit  to  Panama.  An  enthusiastic 
vote  of  thanks  was  extended  to  Mr.  Baugher 
at  the  close  of  his  lecture. 

The  meeting  was  followed  by  the  usual  re- 
ception, a  happy  ending  to  a  very  successful 
meeting,  with  an  attendance  of  one  hundred 
and  sixty-five  persons. 

The  next  meeting  of  the  Pennsylvania  Li- 
brary Club  will  be  held  on  Feb.  10,  1913,  at 
which  time  Mr.  Edward  W.  Mumford,  of  the 
Penn  Publishing  Company,  will  deliver  an 
address  on  "The  librarian  and  the  bookseller." 
JEAN  E.  GRAFFEN,  Secy. 

CHICAGO    LIBRARY   CLUB 

The  Chicago  Library  Club  entertained  the 
librarians  attending  the  mid-winter  meeting  at 
Hull  House  on  Thursday  evening,  Jan.  2. 
Special  cars  took  the  guests  from  the  Sherman 
House  to  Hull  House,  where  an  informal  re- 
ception was  held,  and  the  visitors  were  given 
an  opportunity  to  see  Hull  House  and  to  hear 
at  first  hand  of  its  many  activities.  After  the 
reception  the  guests  were  entertained  by  the 
Hull  House  players,  who  presented  "The 
pigeon,"  by  Galsworthy.  Mrs.  Laura  Dainty 
Pelham  gave  a  short  account  of  the  players, 
and  Miss  Addams  spoke  of  the  work  Hull 
House  has  done  in  developing  the  talents  of 
the  people  in  the  neighborhood. 

HELEN  HUTCHINSON,  Scc'y. 


io8 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


Xibrarg  Scbools  anD  draining 
Glasses 

LIBRARY  SCHOOL   OF  THE  NEW   YORK  PUB- 
LIC LIBRARY 

The  school  resumed  work  Jan.  2,  all  but  one 
or  two  students  being  present  at  the  opening. 

During  the  first  ten  days  of  the  term  Miss 
Murray,  of  the  library  staff,  gave  a  demonstra- 
tion lecture  on  rebinding  and  repairing  books, 
Mr.  Arthur  Bailey,  of  the  Wilmington  (Del.) 
Institute  Library,  spoke  to  the  school  twice  on 
''Binding  materials"  and  "Binding  processes," 
and  Miss  Mary  E.  Hall,  of  the  Girls'  High 
School,  spoke  on  "The  possibilities  of  the  high 
school  library."  The  students  met  both  lec- 
turers at  a  social  meeting  after  the  afternoon 
lectures. 

On  Jan.  13  and  20  Mr.  Weitenkampf,  of  the 
staff,  spoke  to  the  juniors  on  "Prints"  and 
"Book  illustration,"  both  lectures  being  ac- 
companied by  slides. 

The  seniors  in  administration  are  having  a 
series  of  lectures  on  civic  questions  by  Mr. 
Frederick  W.  Jenkins,  librarian  of  the  School 
of  Philanthropy.  Each  lecture  is  followed  by 
an  hour's  seminar,  and  the  school  is  gradually 
acquiring  civic  material  in  the  shape  of  pam- 
phlets and  reports  to  accompany  this  course. 
Early  in  the  month  the  class  was  divided  into 
four  groups  and  each  assigned  to  visit  a  well 
known  settlement. 

A  course  in  Italian  (partly  bibliographical 
and  technical)  is  being  given  to  the  seniors  in 
the  other  two  courses  by  Mr.  T.  E.  Comba, 
formerly  instructor  in  Italian  at  the  Pratt  In- 
stitute Library  School.  The  little  new  manual 
of  Sig.  Fabietti,  editor  of  La  Coltura  Popolare, 
is  being  used  as  one  of  the  textbooks. 

The  bibliography  of  Joan  of  Arc,  prepared 
by  a  senior  student,  was  printed  in  the  sou- 
venir volume  of  the  Joan  of  Arc  loan  ex- 
hibit, shown  at  the  rooms  of  the  Numismatic 
Society.  It  is  the  first  example  of  students' 
printed  work  and  the  beginning  of  a  collection 
of  such  work  which  the  school  expects  to 
make. 

The  "School  and  library  exhibit"  owned  by 
the  school  was  shown  at  the  meeting  of  the 
New  York  Library  Club  on  Jan.  9.  Several 
requests  have  been  received  for  it  from  educa- 
tional bodies,  to  be  complied  with  in  due 
season. 

Two  students,  one  a  senior  doing  unpaid 
practice,  and  the  other  a  junior,  who  has  been 
a  teacher,  are  having  practice  in  one  of  the 
city's  high  school  libraries,  in  addition  to  the 
regular  practice  in  the  New  York  Public 
Library. 

The  following  periodicals  are  subscribed 
for  by  the  school  at  present:  Cultural  and 
literary  —  Atlantic  Monthly,  Dial,  Literary 
Digest,  New  York  Times  Sunday  Book 
Review,  Poet-lore,  Revue  critique  des  livres 
nouveaux.  Current  Affairs — American  Re- 


view of  Reviews,  Independent,  Nation,  Out- 
look, Survey.  Educational — La  Coltura  Popo- 
lare, Educational  Review,  Zentralblatt  fur 
Volksbilduhgswesen.  Professional — A.  L.  A. 
Booklist,  Bindery  Talk,  Blatter  fur  Volksbib- 
liotheken,  Bulletin  of  Bibliography,  Bulletin  of 
Bibliographical  Society  of  America,  Library, 
Library  Assistant,  Library  Association  Record, 
LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  Library  World,  Public  Li- 
braries, Publishers'  Weekly,  Revue  des  Bib- 
liotheques,  Rivista  delle  bibliothechc  e  degli 
archivi,  Special  Libraries,  Zentralblatt  fur 
Bibliothekswesen,  and  bulletins  issued  by  state 
libraries  and  state  commissions.  Numerous 
booksellers'  and  publishers'  periodicals  are  re- 
ceived as  well. 

MARY  W.  PLUMMER,  Principal. 

LIBRARY  TRAINING  SCHOOL  —  CARNEGIE 
LIBRARY  OF  ATLANTA 

The  Christmas  holiday  vacation  began  on 
Dec.  20.  On  the  9th  of  the  month  the  stu- 
dents had  the  very  great  advantage  and  pleas- 
ure of  being  present  at  the  celebration  of 
Uncle  Remus's  birthday  in  the  lecture  room 
of  the  library.  The  school  had  secured  Miss 
Clara  Wimberly  for  the  occasion,  and  sixty 
children  were  there  to  hear  her  tell  Uncle 
Remus  stories.  These  favorite  stories  produce 
quite  an  amazing  effect  on  an  audience  of 
small  listeners,  and  furnish  a  most  interesting 
example  of  the  eagerness  with  which  a  group 
of  children  will  welcome  folk-lore  stories 
which  are  part  of  their  birthright. 

On  Dec.  14  the  class  entertained  at  a  Christ- 
mas party,  the  guests  being  the  members  of 
the  library  staff.  The  little  Christmas  trees, 
garlands,  and  other  Christmas  decorations  were 
afterwards  lent  by  the  class  to  the  Anne  Wal- 
lace Branch,  and  were  used  at  a  Christmas 
story  hour  which  Miss  Harriet  Webster,  '09, 
the  librarian,  had  arranged  for  some  300 
children. 

The  second  term  began  on  the  morning  of 
Jan.  2,  and  will  close  for  the  Easter  vacation 
on  March  21.  Directly  after  the  school  assem- 
bles on  March  26  Mrs.  Lee  Scott  (Edna  Ly- 
man)  will  begin  her  course  in  instruction  in 
Children's  work  and  the  art  of  story  telling. 
This  course  has  been  somewhat  altered  for 
the  present  year  and  will  cover  more  ground. 
Mrs.  Scott  will  be  in  residence  for  two  weeks, 
and  during  that  time  the  students  will  be  en- 
tirely under  her  instruction. 

ALUMNI    NOTES 

Eunice  Coston,  '12,  who  had  been  since  grad- 
uation librarian  of  the  West  End  Branch  of 
the  Birmingham  Public  Library,  has  accepted 
a  position  in  the  Library  of  the  University  of 
Georgia  as  assistant  cataloger. 

Minnie  Murrill,  '10,  has  been  appointed  li- 
brarian of  the  Alabama  Girls'  Technical  Insti- 
tute at  Montevallo,  Alabama,  beginning  her 
duties  in  January,  1913. 

Marion  Bucher,  '06,  librarian  of  Agnes  Scott 


February,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


109 


College,  Decatur,  Georgia,  completed  during 
the  summer  months  an  interesting  piece  of 
extra  work.  This  was  the  cataloging  of  a 
very  valuable  and  varied  collection  of  works 
on  Freemasonry,  which  had  been  willed  to  the 
Free  Masons  of  Atlanta  by  the  late  Julius 
Brown. 

Jane  Brown,  '12,  librarian  of  the  Public 
Library,  Cordele,  Georgia,  was  sent  to  the 
meeting  of  the  Georgia  Federation  of  Women's 
Clubs  in  Atlanta,  Oct.  22-25,  as  the  alternate 
delegate  from  the  Woman's  Club  of  Cordele. 

Jessie  Hutchinson,  '09,  has  resigned  her 
position  in  the  Carnegie  Library  of  Atlanta, 
and  has  gone  to  Brooklyn  to  be  an  assistant 
in  Pratt  Institute  Free  Library. 

Amelia  Whitaker,  '12,  who  acted  as  chil- 
dren's librarian  in  Savannah,  Georgia,  June- 
November,  1912,  has  been  appointed  acting 
head  of  the  children's  room  in  the  Carnegie 
Library  of  Atlanta. 

DELIA  FOREACRE  SNEED,  Principal 
SYRACUSE    UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY   SCHOOL 

On  January  7  the  school  resumed  its  work, 
after  the  holiday  vacation  of  two  weeks.  The 
mrd-year  examinations  will  be  held  January 
13-22,  inclusive. 

Since  the  last  report,  the  following  lectures 
have  been  given  by  workers  from  the  field: 
December  n,  Miss  Mary  Downey,  president 
of  the  Ohio  State  Library  Association,  on 
"Value  in  library  work" ;  and  December  18, 
Miss  Elizabeth  Clarke,  librarian  of  the  Sey- 
mour Library,  of  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  on  "Indus- 
trial books  and  library  extension  among  the 
factory  population." 

The  senior  class  in  bookbinding  spent  the 
afternoon  of  Dec.  13  in  observation  at  the 
bookbindery  of  A.  J.  Wallon  &  Son. 

On  December  14,  the  class  in  printing  vis- 
ited a  modern  newspaper  plant,  where  the 
linotype  composition  and  the  making  of  stere- 
otyped plates  were  points  of  special  interest. 
Later,  the  printshop  of  Lyman  Bros,  was 
visited  for  monotype  composition  and  color 
work. 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

Miss  Ethel  Ball,  B.L.E.,  '11,  has  accepted 
a  leave  of  absence  from  the  New  York  Public 
Library,  in  order  to  take  a  substitute  position 
in  Wells  College,  Aurora,  N.  Y. 

Miss  Dorothy  Lyon,  ex  '05,  until  recently 
assistant  librarian  of  the  Little  Rock  Public 
Library,  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  has  been  chosen 
its  librarian. 

Miss  Vesta  Thompson,  '10,  has  resigned  her 
position  in  the  Attleboro  Public  Library, 
Attleboro,  Mass.  She  gives  up  active  work 
for  the  present. 

MARY  J.  SIBLEY,  Director. 

NEW  YORK  STATE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

On  the  evening  of  December  19,  a  farewell 
reception  was  tendered  Mr.  William  R.  East- 
man in  the  quarters  of  the  State  Library 


School.  The  faculty  and  students  of  the 
school,  the  section  heads  of  the  State  Library, 
the  staff  of  the  Educational  Extension  Divi- 
sion, a  number  of  Mr.  Eastman's  colleagues  in 
the  State  Education  Department,  including 
Assistant  Commissioners  Wheelock  and  Fine- 
gan,  and  a  few  other  friends  and  former  col- 
leagues, were  present.  The  students  and  his 
friends  on  the  library  staff  also  presented  ap- 
propriate gifts,  which  Mr.  Eastman  accepted 
in  a  pleasantly  reminiscent  talk. 

Since  January  i,  Miss  Martha  T.  Wheeler 
has  resumed  charge  of  the  course  in  "Selec- 
tion of  books."  Miss  Mary  E.  Eastwood,  who 
conducted  it  in  Miss  Wheeler's  absence,  is 
devoting  her  entire  time  to  the  "Best  books" 
list.  Mrs.  Julia  S.  Harron,  who  temporarily 
assisted  Miss  Eastwood,  has  gone  to  her  new 
position  as  library  editor  of  the  Cleveland 
Public  Library. 

The  course  in  "Loan  work"  was  again 
given  by  Mr.  Carl  P.  P.  Vitz,  second  vice- 
librarian  of  the  Develand  Public  Library  and 
formerly  director's  assistant  of  the  New  York 
State  Library. 

Dr.  Sherman  Williams,  chief  of  the  school 
libraries  division  of  the  State  Education  De- 
partment, gave  a  talk  on  "The  library  and  the 
school,"  as  a  part  of  the  seminar  work  in  that 
subject,  on  January  13. 

Several  of  the  students  are  attending  the 
lectures  on  "Russian  novelists,"  given  by  Prof. 
William  Lyon  Phelps  at  the  Albany  Historical 
and  Art  Society,  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Woman's  Club  of  Albany. 

ALUMNI  NOTES 

Lilian  J.  Callahan,  '10,  has  resigned  her 
position  as  assistant  in  the  New  York  State 
Educational  Extension  Division,  to  become 
librarian  of  the  Levi  Heywood  Memorial  Li- 
brary, at  Gardner,  Mass. 

Ruth  Rosholt,  '12,  has  been  appointed  cata- 
loger  in  the  Minneapolis  Public  Library. 

F.  K.  WALTER,  Vice-Director. 

PRATT  INSTITUTE   SCHOOL   OF   LIBRARY 
SCIENCE 

Twenty-four  members  of  the  class  have 
elected  to  do  practical  work  in  the  Brooklyn 
Public  Library  during  the  coming  term.  They 
are  assigned,  alternate  Friday  afternoons  and 
evenings,  to  twelve  of  the  branches,  two  of 
them  being  scheduled  to  a  branch.  This  ar- 
rangement proved  so  valuable  last  year  in 
giving  the  students  a  first-hand  knowledge  of 
branch  library  work  that  the  school  is  more 
than  glad  to  include  this  privilege  among  the 
opportunities  offered  by  the  course. 

Miss  Hitchler,  of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Li- 
brary, gave  the  school  two  lectures  in  Janu- 
ary on  "The  administration  of  a  cataloging 
department" ;  and  Miss  Clara  W.  Hunt,  super- 
intendent of  the  children's  department  of  the 
Brooklyn  Public  Library,  gave  three  lectures 
— "The  personal  relations  of  the  staff  with 
the  children,"  "Planning  and  furnishing  the 


no 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


children's  room,"  and  "The  administration  of 
the  children's  room." 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

Miss  Jessie  Kneeland,  '07,  resigned  from 
the  Pratt  Institute  Library,  on  January  n, 
for  an  extended  period  of  travel  with  her 
family. 

Miss  Rebecca  Adams,  '10,  has  been  made 
assistant  in  charge  of  the  children's  room  at 
the  Hamilton  Fish  Park  branch  of  the  New 
York  Public  Library. 

Miss  Sally  M.  Akin,  '10,  has  gone  to  the 
public  library  of  Homestead,  Pa.,  as  catalpger. 

Miss  Lily  Dodgen,  '12,  has  been  appointed 
to  the  position  of  assistant  librarian  in  the 
public  library  of  Savannah,  Ga.,  and  is  to  have 
charge  of  the  children's  department  in  the 
library. 

Miss  Elizabeth  Forgeus,  '12,  has  been  made 
an  assistant  in  the  Cleveland  Public  Library. 
JOSEPHINE  ADAMS  RATHBONE, 
Vice-Director. 

CARNEGIE  LIBRARY  OF  PITTSBURGH   TRAIN- 
ING SCHOOL  FOR  CHILDREN'S  LIBRARIANS 

The  Training  School  opened  for  the  winter 
term  on  Thursday,  Jan.  2.  The  junior  courses 
taken  up  this  term  are: 

"Cataloging,"  Miss  Randall;  "Lending  sys- 
tems," Miss  Welles;  "Book  numbers,"  Miss 
Mann;  "Shelf  listing,"  Miss  Mann;  "Story 
telling,"  Miss  Whiteman;  "Book  selection," 
Miss  Smith,  Miss  Willard,  Miss  Ellis,  Miss 
Knight,  Miss  Bullock;  "Seminar  for  periodical 
review,"  Miss  McCurdy. 

The  senior  courses  now  being  given  are: 
"Book  selection,"  Miss  Bogle,  Miss  Smith; 
"Cataloging,"  Miss  Smith;  "Reading  lists," 
Miss  Smith ;  "Social  conditions,"  Miss  Strange. 

The  junior  students  are  scheduled  each  Mon- 
day morning  during  the  winter  term  for  prac- 
tice in  adult  routine  work  in  the  Central  Lend- 
ing Division  and  in  the  branch  libraries. 

Miss  Frances  Gray,  Miss  Estella  Slaven  and 
Miss  Marion  Redenbaugh  have  completed  the 
course  in  the  Training  School,  and  have  been 
appointed  to  positions  on  the  staff  of  the  Chil- 
dren's Department  of  the  Carnegie  Library. 

Miss  Effie  L.  Power,  supervisor  of  children's 
work,  St.  Louis  Public  Library,  and  a  member 
of  the  staff  of  lecturers  of  the  Training  School, 
gave  a  series  of  ten  lectures  Feb.  3-8.  Seven 
of  the  lectures  were  on  Book  selection,  and 
one  each  on  Administration  of  children's 
rooms,  Organization  of  children's  departments 
and  Work  with  normal  schools. 

On  Jan.  22,  Miss  Annie  Carroll  Moore, 
supervisor  of  work  with  children,  of  the  New 
York  Public  Library,  lectured  before  the 
school  on  Work  with  children  in  the  New 
York  Public  Library. 

ALUMNI    NOTES 

Miss  Bernice  Bell,  '13,  has  received  the  ap- 
pointment to  the  position  of  head  of  Chil- 


dren's department  of  the  Louisville  Public 
Library,  Louisville,  Ky. 

Miss  Nora  Giele,  '10,  has  been  appointed 
librarian  of  the  Free  Public  Library  at  New 
Castle,  Pa.,  where  she  has  been  children's 
librarian. 

Miss  Bertha  Livezey.  '12,  has  resigned  her 
position  as  children's  librarian  of  the  West 
End  Branch,  Carnegie  Library,  to  become  a 
member  of  the  staff  of  the  St.  Louis  Public 
Library.  Miss  Grace  Starkey,  'n,  has  been 
appointed  to  succeed  Miss  Livezey  at  the  West 
End  Branch. 

Miss  Alma  McGlenn,  '10,  has  accepted  the 
position  of  librarian  of  the  Carnegie  Library 
of  Tulsa,  Oklahoma. 

WESTERN  RESERVE    UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 
SCHOOL 

During  the  last  few  weeks  the  students  have 
begun  their  visits  to  the  various  libraries  in 
the  city  in  connection  with  the  course  in  library 
administration.  These  have  included  two 
visits  of  new  and  unusual  interest,  one  to  the 
law  library,  which  is  now  located  in  the  fine 
new  building  of  the  county  courthouse,  a  re- 
cent addition  to  Geveland's  group  plan  of 
public  buildings,  and  the  other  to  a  blouse  fac- 
tory, where  a  station  of  the  Cleveland  Public 
Library  is  located.  Here  was  seen  not  only 
the  operation  of  a  large  factory,  but  a  glimpse 
of  social  welfare  work  as  conducted  for  the 
employees. 

The  members  of  the  class  were  invited  to 
attend  two  of  the  lectures  on  "Children's  liter- 
ature," given  by  Mrs.  Gudrun  Thorne-Thom- 
sen  before  the  training  class  of  children's  libra- 
rians of  the  Cleveland  Public  Library.  The 
school  had  the  pleasure  of  ?i  call  from  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  Hjelmquist,  of  Sweden,  on  the  occasion 
of  their  recent  visit  to  American  libraries. 
Dr.  Hjelmquist  spoke  informally  to  the  stu- 
dents. On  Jan.  6  Professor  Arbuthnot,  of 
Adelbert  College,  lectured  to  the  class  in  Book 
selection  on  the  "Literature  of  economics." 

ALUMNI    NOTES 

We  wish  to  correct  the  statement  made  by 
us  in  a  previous  issue  to  the  effect  that  ^ Miss 
Agnes  Burns,  '07,  had  been  appointed  assistant 
in  the  Santa  Barbara  (Cal.)  Public  Library. 
She  is  assistant  librarian  in  the  Ogdensburg 
(N.  Y.)  Public  Library. 

Miss  Ethel  B.  Copland,  '12,  has  been  ap- 
pointed cataloger  in  the  Fresno  (Cal.)  Public 
Library. 

Miss  Harriett  E.  Neufer,  '10,  has  resigned 
her  position  in  the  Miles  Park  Branch  of  the 
Cleveland  Public  Library,  and  was  married  on 
Dec.  24  to  Mr.  George  Grover  Spitser,  of 
Grafton,  Ohio. 

Miss  Mary  R.  Norton.  '10,  who  has  been  ill 
nearly   all   of  the  time   since   her   graduation 
died  at  her  home  in  Geveland  on  Dec.  23. 
JULIA  M.  WHITTLESEY,  Director. 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


III 


IReviews 


LADEWIG,  Paul.     Politik  der  Biicherei.     Leip- 
zig, E.  Wiegandt,  1913.    VII.,  427  p. 

This  work  must  prove  of  interest  to  Amer- 
ican librarians  not  only  because  of  frequent 
reference  to  American  library  practice,  but 
also  because  it  reflects  in  a  very  large  meas- 
ure the  best  German  thought  relative  to  li- 
brary economy. 

Dr.  Ladewig  distinguishes  three  types  of 
libraries:  for  the  learned,  the  archive  deposi- 
tory and  scientific  library;  for  the  general 
public,  the  general  municipal  library;  for 
the  uneducated  masses,  the  popular  library 
(Volksbucherei},  which  has  to  create  the  de- 
sire for  reading  before  satisfying  it. 

This  classification  may  be  open  to  objection, 
but  the  author's  development  of  his  theme 
along  these  lines  is  always  suggestive.  He 
says,  for  instance,  with  regard  to  national 
depository  libraries,  that  completeness  is  a 
chimera,  and  that  they  must  be  supplemented 
by  smaller  regional  libraries. 

The  chapter  on  library  buildings  is  one  of 
the  most  interesting  in  the  book.  He  advo- 
cates for  the  future  library  the  skyscraper,  or 
tower  construction,  urging  that  it  furnishes 
us  with  ideal  conditions  of  light  and  quiet  for 
readers,  while  it  reduces  to  a  minimum  the 
expense  of  maintenance.  From  the  artistic 
point  of  view,  too,  a  tower  may  be  made  a 
subject  of  decorative  treatment  of  great 
beauty. 

Dr.  Ladewig  makes  the  distinction  between 
clerical  and  scientific  assistants,  and  suggests 
that  university  trained  assistants,  who  are 
largely  in  the  majority  in  German  libraries, 
be  relieved  as  much  as  possible  from  the 
drudgery  of  work  which  can  be  done  equally 
well,  if  not  better,  by  lower-paid  assistants. 
The  clerks  and  boys  who  enter  the  service 
as  pages  should  also  be  given  opportunities 
for  advancement.  There  should  be  a  chance 
for  them  to  receive  training  in  office  methods, 
in  bookkeeping,  typewriting  and  bookbinding. 
He  thinks,  too,  although  perhaps  with  less 
reason,  that  they  may  do  some  cataloging. 

Many  will  regret  that  the  author  gives  no 
bibliographical  references,  but,  in  spite  of  this, 
the  work  as  a  whole  must  prove  an  invaluable 
supplement  to  Grasel's  Manual. 

SzAB6,    H,     comp.      A     Fovarosi     Konyutar 
Osztalyozasa.    Atdogozott  Decimalis  Klasszi- 
fikacio.     (I.  Bevezetesek.     Roviditett  Oztal- 
yozas.      K6z6s    Alosztasok.      II.    Altalanos 
Munkak.       Bolcselet.       Vallas.       Egyhaz.) 
38+  [78]  p.  O.  (A  Fovarosi  Konyvtar  Kozle- 
menyei  9.  szam  [Publications  of  the  Muni- 
cipal Library  of  Budapest.    No.  9.]) 
These  two  fascicules,  issued  under  the  edi- 
torship of  Dr.   Szabo  form  the  first  parts  of 
the  first  complete  translation  of  the  Decimal 
Classification  into  Hungarian.     Dr.  Szabo  has 
always  been  an  ardent  supporter  of  the  work 


of  the  Institut  International  de  Bibliographic 
and,  unless  we  are  mistaken,  edited  the  first 
translations,  in  abridged  form,  of  the  D.  C. 
into  Hungarian.  These  complete  tables  are 
therefore  a  natural  outgrowth  of  his  earlier 
work.  In  his  preface  he  calls  attention  to  the 
fact  that  the  tables  are  primarily  a  classifica- 
tion made  for  his  own  library,  the  Municipal 
Library  of  Budapest ;  and«  that,  with  that  pur- 
pose in  mind,  the  original  D.  C.  tables — or 
rather  the  tables  of  the  Manuel  du  repertoire 
bibliographique  universel  of  the  Institut,  which 
were  his  more  immediate  source — have  under- 
gone considerable  modification.  He  calls  at- 
tention to  the  over-detail  of  certain  minor 
subdivisions  of  the  D.  C.  tables  and  the  serious 
lack  of  detail  in  other  and  much  more  impor- 
tant subjects,  and  acknowledges  his  indebted- 
ness also  to  the  "careful  and  ample  classifica- 
tions of  the  Library  of  Congress"  and  the 
catalog  of  the  German  Reichstag. 

Part  I.  covers  the  editor's  introduction, 
abridged  tables,  and  certain  tables  of  general 
subdivisions ;  Part  II.  the  D.  C.  classes :  Gen- 
eral ;  Philosophy ;  Religion.  Each  fascicule  is 
provided  with  a  separate  index.  F.  R. 

IperfoMcal  anfc  otber  !Htterature 

Mass.  Institute  of  Technology  Bulletin  con- 
tains a  list  of  the  Institute's  12  departmental 
libraries,  briefly  noting  contents. 

Public  Libraries,  January,  includes :  "A  plea 
for  the  classics,"  by  Rev.  J.  Cavanaugh ; 
"Rights  of  users  of  a  college  and  university 
library,  and  how  to  preserve  them,"  by  Wil- 
lard  Austin;  "Some  features  of  work  in  a 
college  library,"  by  E.  A.  Peppiette;  "From 
a  loan  desk,"  by  F.  Stimson;  and  "The  stu- 
dent in  the  foreign  library,"  by  W.  A.  Read. 

Special  Libraries.  December,  contains  an  an- 
nouncement of  the  first  meeting  of  the  Eastern 
District  Special  Libraries  Association,  held  in 
Boston  Jan.  i,  1913;  "Responsibility  districts"; 
"Select  lists  of  references  on  the  commerce 
court" ;  list  of  publications  of  legislative  refer- 
ence departments ;  list  of  current  references ; 
and  a  short  report  of  the  Boston  Co-operation 
Information  Bureau. 

Independent,  January  16,  has  an  article  by 
William  Aspinwall  Bradley  on  the  educational 
value  of  prints,  and  a  descriptive  account  of 
the  Boston  Museum  collection. 

ENGLISH 

Library  Association  Record,  December  16, 
has  four  lessons  in  a  Short  course  in  practical 
classification;  "The  cost  of  education  and  its 
effect  upon  the  library  movement";  Edward 
Edwards  centenary,  biographical  sketch. 

Library  Assistant,  January,  includes  "Resid- 
ual errors  in  great  English  authors,"  by  J. 
Rendel  Harris ;  "Increasing  facilities  for  bor- 
rowing books,"  by  W.  G.  Fry. 


112 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


Library  World,  December,  includes  "The 
centenary  of  Edward  Edwards,"  by  H.  T.  G; 
"A  novel  library  experiment,"  by  A.  Cecil 
Piper;  "A  British  library  itinerary,  m./'  by 
James  Duff  Brown. 

Librarian  and  Book  World,  January,  has  a 
series  of  notes  on  "Small  libraries  and  small 
incomes:  what  can  be  done  with  them,"  by 
Edward  Wood;  "The  best  books,"  annotated 
and  classified  by  Arthur  J.  Hawkes;  "Library 
architecture,"  by  T.  Edwin  Cooper;  "Edward 
Edwards:  a  centenary";  "Women's  work  in 
libraries,"  by  Margaret  Reed. 

FOREIGN 

Bulletin  de  I' Association  des*  Bibliothecaires 
Francais,  September-October,  includes  "New 
publications  concerning  the  French  libraries," 
by  A.  Vidier ;  and  "The  problem  of  indexing," 
by  Ch.  Lustrac. 

Revue  dcs  Bibliotheques,  December,  includes 
"The  inventory  of  the  theological  writings  of 
the  I2th  century  not  included  in  the  Latin 
pathology  of  Migne,"  by  A.  Noyon ;  "A  frag- 
ment of  history  of  the  library  of  the  'College 
d'Autun'  at  Paris,"  by  Charles  Beaulieux;  and 
"A  critical  study  upon  the  manuscripts  of 
Auzias  March,"  by  L.  Barran-Dihigo. 

Zentralblatt  fiif  Bibliothekswesen,  December, 
includes  "The  libraries  on  the  Bugra,"  by  C. 
Nonenberg;  "The  German  National  Library 
and  the  Royal  Library,"  by  P.  Schwenke; 
"Schleiermacher's  letters,"  by  Heinrich  Meis- 
ner ;  and  "International  watermarks,"  by  Ernst 
Crous. 

SEPARATE    ARTICLES 
BILL   DRAFTING. 

Bill  drafting.  J.  McKirdy.  Sp.  Lib.  N.,  '12, 
p.  177-182. 

Greater  care  and  skill  in  the  drafting  of  our 
laws  is  necessary.  A  permanent  body  of  men, 
skilled  in  drafting  legislative  bills  and  thor- 
oughly familiar  with  the  laws  —  specialists  in 
law  making  —  can  best  be  entrusted  with  this 
work.  The  ideal  draftsman  must  have  the 
faculty  of  expressing  clearly  and  succinctly  his 
ideas,  a  knowledge  of  the  law  of  his  state  and 
an  acquaintance  with  its  constitution.  He 
must  study  standard  works  on  the  construction 
of  statutes  and  then  practice  untiringly.  The 
draftsman  must  clearly  distinguish  between  the 
subject  and  purpose  of  his  bill.  He  should 
supplement  the  legislator's  suggestions  with 
knowledge  of  his  own.  He  should  understand 
the  latest  political  and  social  theories  as  well 
as  local  conditions,  and  should  study  the  de- 
cisions of  the  various  courts,  and  the  laws  of 
other  states  and  countries.  He  must  guard 
against  mere  copying.  In  bill  drafting  a  rough 
outline  should  first  be  made.  Sentences  should 
be  short,  title  should  be  as  brief  as  possible, 
and  should  not  be  drawn  until  the  end.  Other 
general  rules:  Certain  terms  which  lie  at  the 


heart  of  the  subject  of  the  bill  should  be  de- 
fined, nouns  should  be  used  in  preference  to 
pronouns.  The  question  of  whether  a  sentence 
should  be  in  the  affirmative  or  negative  form 
should  be  considered.  Provisos  should  be  kept 
out  of  the  bill.  Preambles  should  be  avoided 
if  possible.  Especial  care  should  be  taken  to 
make  the  intent  of  penal  and  criminal  statutes 
clear.  Distinction  between  mandatory  and  di- 
rectory statutes  and  provisions  should  be  un- 
derstood. The  draftsman  should  always  be 
prepared  to  explain  the  reasons  for  the  phrase- 
ology and  arrangement  of  his  bill,  and  to  ex- 
plain the  effect  of  it  if  it  become  a  law. 

CHEAP  BOOKS. 

The  public  library  and  the  cheap  book.  Nor- 
man Treliving.  Lib.  Assist.  D.,  '12,  p.  225-230. 

An  enormous  number  of  cheap  books  are 
yearly  bought  by  the  general  public.  This  may 
mean  (i)  that  the  number  of  books  issued 
from  public  libraries  has  seriously  declined ; 
(2)  that  a  now  reading  public  has  been 
created ;  (3)  that  there  has  been  a  combination 
of  partial  decline,  and  creation  of  more  readers. 
The  third  point  is  probably  nearest  the  truth. 
Since  the  public  can  now  procure  cheap  books 
the  library  may  be  able  to  concentrate  on  pure- 
ly educational  lines.  In  the  discussion  which 
followed  the  following  points  were  brought 
out :  Cheap  books  lead  to  an  improvement  of 
the  reading  habit,  not  necessarily  to  its  in- 
crease. The  librarian  may  serve  the  public  by 
familiarizing  himself  with  the  various  cheap 
series.  The  average  cheap  classic  is  unsuited 
to  library  circulation. 

COLLEGE  LIBRARY. 

Some  features  of  work  in  a  college  library. 
E.  A.  Peppiette.  Lib.  Asst.  D.,  '12,  p.  230-237. 

The  college  library  differs  from  the  public 
library  in  that  it  meets  the  needs  of  a  limited 
ckss  of  readers.  Its  frequenters  are  (i)  or- 
dinary students,  (2)  research  students  and 
members  of  teaching  staff.  But  besides  the 
books  dealing  with  various  courses  and  those 
used  by  research  workers,  masterpieces  of 
English  and  foreign  literature  are  necessary. 
In  this  direction  the  librarian  may  guide  his 
readers.  Temporary  runs  on  certain  books 
may  be  met  by  limiting  the  time  of  each  bor- 
rower. Scientific  books,  soon  out  of  date, 
should  not  be  duplicated,  but  new  editions 
should  be  purchased  as  soon  as  issued.  A 
card  or  sheaf  catalog  in  classified  rather  than 
dictionary  form  usually  meets  all  requirements. 
The  departmental  or  seminar  libraries  are  best 
managed  from  the  main  library.  The  number 
of  books  a  person  may  borrow  is  regulated 
according  to  his  standing  in  the  college.  There 
is  need  of  some  system  of  cooperation  between 
public  and  college  libraries  whereby  users  of 
the  former  may  be  admitted  to  the  latter. 
While  some  college  libraries  are  flourishing, 
others  are  hardly  capable  of  existence.  The 
librarian  should  create  enthusiasm  among  mem- 


1'ebruary,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


bers  of  his  committee  and  governors  o-f  his 
college.  Fortunately  the  day  of  the  untrained 
librarian  is  over.  A  knowledge  of  municipal 
and  non-municipal  library  work  should  be  re- 
quired for  a  full  diploma. 

COLLEGE  READERS. 

Rights  of  the  users  of  a  college  and  univer- 
sity library  and  how  to  preserve  them.  Willard 
Austin.  Pub.  Lib.  J.,  '13,  p.  6-10. 

The  users  of  a  college  library  are  roughly 
divided  into  two  classes,  the  mature  teacher 
and  the  immature  student;  they  often  need 
different  sorts  of  books  and  oftener  books 
needed  for  research  are  needed  for  general 
reading.  Flexibility  in  the  use  of  a  library  is 
the  key  to  the  greatest  usefulness — the  ideal 
being  the  ability  to  shift  anything  from  the 
place  where  it  is  little  needed  to  a  place  where 
it  is  mtich  needed  at  a  moment's  notice,  re- 
gardless of  the  character  of  material  or  the 
position  of  the  person  needing  it.  The  positive 
knowledge  that  a  particular  book  will  be 
found  in  the.  library,  in  the  same  place  at  all 
times,  is  an  ideal  much  overestimated.  Classes 
of  readers  are  defined  and  characterized,  and 
the  following  recommendations  are  given  for 
a  middle  course  between  keeping  the  library 
entirely  in  the  building  and  complete  freedom 
of  use;  an  adequate  code  of  rules,  particularly 
in  order  to  get  books  returned ;  penalties  other 
than  money  fines  for  irresponsible  students, 
and  a  system  of  notation  indicating  for  each 
work  its  character  and  relation  to  other  mate- 
rial in  the  library. 

CENTRAL  CATALOGUE. 

Concerning  the  Central  Catalogue.  Dr.  v. 
Mzik.  Zeitschr.  f.  Os.  Ver.  f.  Bibliotheksw. 

S.,    '12,   p.    I48-I5I. 

Dr.  v.  Mzik  makes  certain  objections  to  the 
central  catalogue  of  Germany.  It  is  too  ex- 
pensive; it  takes  no  account  of  Swiss  and  Aus- 
trian libraries;  it  excludes  certain  books.  A 
change  is  necessary.  It  seems  imperative  that 
the  Austrian  and  Swiss  libraries  should  be 
included. 

EDWARD  EDWARDS. 

Centenary  of  Edward  Edwards,  1812-1912. 
H.  T.  C  Lib.  World.  D.,  '12,  p.  162-164. 

Life  of  the  man  who  laid  the  foundations  of 
the  public  libraries  movement  in  England.  He 
was  behind  Ewart  and  Brotherton,  the  men 
who  took  the  largest  part  in  passing  the  first 
Public  Libraries  Bill. 

Edward  Edwards.  C  W.  Sutton.  Lib.  Ass. 
R.  D..i6,  '12,  p.  615-624. 

Biographical  account  in  some  detail  by  the 
librarian  of  the  Manchester  Public  Library, 
office  held  by  Edwards. 

EDUCATION  AND  LIBRARIES. 

The  cost  of  education  and  its  effect  upon  the 
library  movement.  Ernest  A.  Savage.  Lib. 
Ass.  R.  D.  16,  '12.  p.  603-613. 

The  question  of  public  education  in  England 


has  a  direct  bearing  upon  the  public  libraries 
through  the  pocket  book  of  the  ratepayer.  The 
increase  in  the  tax  for  education  beyond  the 
limit  originally  set  makes  the  ratepayer  sus- 
picious of  any  increase  for  libraries.  The  au- 
thor finds  that  English  ratepayers  dislike  the 
extension  of  library  work.  He  is  willing  to 
reply  that  library  work,  strictly  so-called,  is 
all  the  library  wishes  to  do.  It  needs  more 
money,  however,  to  have  that  work  better 
done.  Suggestions  and  criticisms  of  system 
of  education,  and  methods  of  cooperation  on 
the  part  of  libraries. 

ENGINEERING  LIBRARIES. 

Engineering  library  efficiency.  W.  D.  John- 
ston. Sch.  of  Mines  Quar.,  N.,  '12,  pp.  26-31. 

Notes  gathered  by  examination  of  college 
catalogs,  reports,  etc.  Building  conditions  are 
inadequate  in  many  schools  and  colleges.  In 
some  cases  a  part  of  the  general  library  is 
considered  sufficient.  Often  the  smaller  en- 
gineering schools  have  the  better  libraries. 
Wisconsin  and  Minnesota  are  making  im- 
provements in  their  engineering  departments. 
In  the  large  universities,  about  5.3  per  cent, 
of  book  expenditure  is  for  engineering  liter- 
ature; 24  per  cent,  of  this  is  for  periodicals. 
Few  people  have  endowed  engineering  libra- 
ries. Notable  exceptions  are  Dr.  Corthell  and 
Prof.  Thomas  Egleston.  Journals  of  interest 
in  various  courses  are  usually  shelved  in  the 
general  reading-room,  or  duplicated  in  the 
department  reading-room.  Seating  capacity 
varies  from  one  seat  for  every  3.66  students 
at  Pennsylvania,  to  one  for  every  32.1  stu- 
dents at  Missouri.  Average,  i  to  every  13. 
It  is  generally  held  that  engineering  libraries 
should  be  subject  to  supervision  of  university 
librarian,  and  cared  for  by  a  trained  and  ex- 
perienced assistant. 
FOREIGN  LIBRARIES. 

The  student  in  the  foreign  library.  W.  A. 
Read.  Pub.  Lib.,  Ja.,  '13,  pp.  14-15- 

Description  of  German  libraries ;  slow  in 
their  methods.  The  author  admires  the  sem- 
inar library.  The  library  of  the  British  Mu- 
seum is  described,  especially  the  reading-room. 
There  follows  an  account  of  a  visit  to  the 
Bodleian  Library  at  Oxford,  with  a  descrip- 
tion of  some  of  its  most  famous  manuscripts, 
and  an  account  of  the  "Scriptorium"  of  Sir 
James  Murray  at  Oxford,  where  the  new- 
English  Dictionary  is  being  made. 

GERMAN  CENTRAL  LIBRARY. 

German  national  library  and  royal  library. 
P.  Schwenke.  Zentralbl.  f.  Bibliothek.  D.  '12. 
P-  536-542. 

Mr.  Schwenke  tries  to  prove  that  Germany 
should  have  a  central  library  at  the  Royal  Li- 
brary in  Berlin,  which  seems  best  fitted  for 
that  purpose.  It  has  more  books  than  any 
other  library  in  Germany;  it  always  has  been 
willing  to  send  these  books  to  any  part  of  the 
em,pire.  There  is  only  one  drawback  —  lack 


H4 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{February,  1913 


of  money.  Itl  is  impossible  to  buy  all  of  the 
new  books  which  are  published  throughout 
the  course  of  the  year.  Publishers  should 
cooperate  by  sending  free  copies  of  all  books 
published  in  Germany.  They  now  send  these 
copies  to  the  Archivs  des  deutschen  Schrift- 
ums  und  des  deutschen  Buchhandels  at  Leip- 
zig. By  doing  so  they  make  the  task  of  the 
Royal  Library  a  more  difficult  one  and  defeat 
their  own  ends.  Mr.  Schwenke  frequently 
quotes  a  pamphlet  by  Adolf  Harnack  dealing 
with  the  same  matter.  The  paper  is  an  argu- 
ment against  the  Deutsche  Biicherei  to  be 
established  in  Leipzig. 

LIBRARY  TRAINING. 

Education  of  the  modern  librarian.  Dr.  F. 
Eichler.  Zeitschr.  des  Os.  vcr.  /.  Biblio- 
theksw.  N.,  '12,  p.  130-158. 

The  modern  librarian  should  be  well  edu- 
cated. He  should  not  know  only  about 
books;  he  should  also  know  the  value  of  their 
contents.  Too  little  has  been  done  to  prepare 
librarians  for  their  work.  France  and  Amer- 
ica lead  the  way  in  this  respect.  Germany 
must  follow.  The  librarian  should  have  a 
doctor's  degree,  he  also  should  have  a  prac- 
tical experience  of  at  least  two  years  in  one 
of  the  large  university  libraries.  Lectures 
should  be  given  at  the  universities  dealing 
with  library  matters. 

LIBRARY  REPORTS, 

As  to  public  libraries.  (Editorial  in  the 
Springfield  (Mass.)  Republican  for  Jan.  21, 
I9I30 

Referring  in  complimentary  fashion  to  the 
good  work  done  and  valuable  ideas  gained 
at  such  library  conventions  as  that  at  Ottawa, 
the  Republican  yet  asks  why  "the  report  of 
a  meeting  so  obviously  profitable  and  stimu- 
lating need  run  to  such  inordinate  length? 
Here  are  370  large,  closely  printed  pages, 
turning  which  one  occasionally  comes  upon 
an  expression  of  regret  that  librarians  have 
no  time  to  read.  How  could  they  expect  to 
have  time  for  books  if  they  undertake  to  read 
such  things  as  these?  The  matter  would 
hardly  concern  the  public  but  for  the  general 
tendency  in  the  same  direction — governmental 
as  well  as  professional  bodies  suffer  from  the 
modern  facility  in  stenography  and  printing; 
the  blue  pencil  has  not  kept  pace  with  modern 
inventions.  Why  should  the  entirely  perfunc- 
tory words  of  introduction  to  each  lecturer 
or  participant  in  a  discussion  be  recorded? 
And  for  that  matter,  most  papers  presented 
at  such  gatherings  would  profit  greatly  if  the 
first  few  hundred  words  of  deprecation  and 
apology  were  cut  out;  at  a  convention  such 
modesty  is  all  very  well,  but  in  the  permanent 
report  what  is  of  consequence  is  the  ideas 
expressed." 

LOAN  DESK  WORK. 

From  a  loan  desk.  F.  Stimson.  Pub.  Lib., 
Ja.,  '13,  p.  13. 


Records  must  be  accessible.  There  should 
be  one  place  for  search,  and  the  method  easily 
traced  by  others  than  the  charging  clerk.  A 
dummy  should  indicate  the  location  of  books 
permanently  withdrawn.  Records  should  be 
brought  up  to  date  daily.  At  the  University 
of  Cincinnati  all  charging  is  done  on  small 
slips,  filed  either  temporarily  in  a  small  tray 
or  permanently  in  a  larger  one,  and  upon 
cards  filed  by  the  reader's  name  (students 
and  professors  in  one  list).  There  is  another 
record,  under  date,  of  books  withdrawn  for 
a  limited  time — more  than  three  days  or  so. 
This  is  a  very  simple  method,  and,  for  the 
purpose,  on  the  whole,  satisfactory. 

SHEAF  CATALOG. 

Improving  the  sheaf  catalog;  a  note.  F. 
Haigh.  Lib.  World,  N.,  '12,  p.  152-154. 

While  the  sheaf  catalog  can  be  easily  kept 
up  to  date,  and  is  in  book  form,  it  possesses 
this  slight  disadvantage — it  is  difficult  to  pro- 
vide a  suitable  title  in  the  small  space  allowed 
on  the  back.  This  solution  is  offered:  Re- 
move the  2-inch  by  i-loch  xylonite  label  and 
substitute  a  strip  of  leather  5  inches  by  3^2 
inches,  which  will  overlap  at  the  sides  and 
thus  be  less  likely  to  peel  off. 

TRAVELLERS'  LIBRARIES. 

A  novel  library  experiment.  A.  Cecil  Piper. 
Lib.  World.  D.,  '12,  p.  165-166. 

The  Vicar  of  Midhurst,  Sussex,  has  placed 
in  the  two  railway  stations  of  that  town  book- 
cases holding  about  a  dozen  books  on  various 
subjects.  The  following  notice  is  placed  above 
them:  "These  books  belong  to  the  Vicar  of 
Midhurst,  and  are  entrusted  to  the  care  of 
those  who  use  them.  Travellers  are  welcome 
to  take  a  book  with  them  on  their  journey  if 
they  will  kindly  replace  it  on  return,  or  send  it 
by  post  to  the  stationmaster."  The  scheme  has 
met  with  much  favor  and  success. 
WATERMARKS. 

International  research  of  watermarks.  Ernst 
Grous.  Zentralbl.  f.  Bibliothekswesen.  .  D., 
'12,  p.  551-552. 

Emphasizes  the  value  of  watermarks  in  set- 
tling the  date  of  manuscripts,  and  seconds  the 
proposal  of  M.  E.  de  Witte,  of  Brussels,  to 
create  an  international  catalog  of  watermarks. 

IRotes  anfr  TRews 

BROOKLYN  PUBLIC  LIBRARY. —  The  Central 
Building  Committee  of  the  Brooklyn  Public 
Library  sent,  on  Jan.  n,  1913,  to  the  Hon. 
Wm.  A.  Prendergast,  comptroller,  for  the 
corporate  stock  budget  committee,  Finance 
Department  of  the  City  of  New  York,  and  to 
the  president  of  the  Borough  of  Brooklyn,  the 
following  resolutions : 

Resolved,  That  the  Committee  on  Central  Library 
Building,  after  further  and  full  consideration,  again 
record  the  opinion,  already  expressed  in  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library,  Jan.  21, 
1909,  and  in  the  vote  of  this  committee  July  12,  1912. 
in  favor  of  completing  the  Flatbush  Avenue  wing  of 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


the  Central  Library,  in  order  that  the  investment  of 
the  city  may  be  utilized  at  the  earliest  practical  date, 
that  the  valuable  collection  transferred  by  the  old 
Brooklyn  Library  to  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library  sys- 
tem and  now  housed  under  dangerous  fire  conditions 
in  the  Montague  street  building  may  be  safeguarded, 
that  the  administrative  work  of  the  library,  now  car- 
ried on  under  difficult  conditions  chiefly  in  the  rented 
building  on  Brevoort  Place,  may  be  efficiently  cen- 
tered, and  that  the  service  of  the  library  through  the 
central  building  may  be  given  to  the  Brooklyn  public 
as  soon  as  possible;  and 

Resolved,  That  the  municipal  authorities  be  respect- 
fully urged  to  provide  in  the  corporate  stock  budget 
for  the  completion  of  this  wing,  at  the  estimated  cost 
of  $1,165,000,  the  amount  to  be  available  in  the  years 
1913  and  1914,  as  the  progress  of  the  work  may 
demand." 

COLORED  BRANCH  LIBRARIES. — Public  libraries 
for  negroes  have  already  been  established  in 
Nashville  and  Atlanta,  and  branches  are  soon 
t6  be  built  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  New  Or- 
leans, La.  Part  of  the  money  necessary  for 
the  purchase  of  the  Louisville  site  was  raised 
by  the  colored  people  of  that  city,  and  the 
building,  a  Carnegie  gift,  will  be  erected  at 
a  cost  of  about  $18,000.  The  New  Orleans 
project  has  also  been  made  possible  by  Mr. 
Carnegie;  the  land  has  been  purchased,  and 
work  is  to  begin  directly. 

THE  LOUISVILLE  FREE  PUBLIC  LIBRARY,  by 
the  terms  of  a  decision  handed  down  by 
Judge  Shackleford  Miller,  of  the  Kentucky 
Court  of  Appeals,  is  to  have  direct  control  of 
the  property  of  the  Polytechnic  Society  of 
Louisville.  This  organization,  which  once 
maintained  a  library  there,  before  the  time 
of  the  public  library,  and  has  handed  over  its 
income  to  the  Public  Library  for  some  time, 
has  had  as  its  only  other  power  the  right  to 
elect  certain  trustees.  The  society  will  now 
disband,  and  the  property,  worth  some  $400,- 
ooo,  will  revert  to  the  library. 

PAMPHLETS  ON  DESERTION  AND  NON-SUPPORT. 
—Mr.  William  H.  Baldwin  (1415  Twenty- 
first  street,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C),  an 
economist,  will  send  to  libraries  desiring  them 
reprints  of  a  number  of  articles  by  him  on 
the  subject  of  family  desertion  and  non-sup- 
port laws,  on  which  subject  he  has  become  an 
authority.  The  titles  of  the  pamphlets  are 
as  follows:  "The  present  status  of  family 
desertion  and  non-support  laws" ;  "Family 
desertion  and  non-support  laws  in  Pennsyl- 
vania";  "Non-support  laws  and  the  Chicago 
Court  of  Domestic  Relations" ;  "Extradition 
for  family  desertion" ;  "Must  a  man,  charged 
in  Pennsylvania  with  misdemeanor  on  account 
of  desertion  or  non-support  of  his  wife  or 
children,  be  tried  by  a  jury?" 

CIRCULATING  LIBRARY  FOR  THE  BLIND. — 
Equipped  with  a  printing  press,  a  reading- 
room  and  four  other  rooms  designed  for  the 
comfort  of  the  sightless,  the  National  Library 
for  the  Blind  is  settled  in  new  quarters  with- 
in a  few  blocks  of  the  White  House.  ,The 
printing  press  will  be  operated  by  blind  print- 
ers and  pressmen,  and  the  output  will  be 
books  and  pamphlets  designed  for  those  whose 
sight  is  gone.  One  of  the  main  objects  is  the 


education  of  the  sightless  in  the  art  of  setting 
Braille  type  and  in  printing  and  binding  their 
own  books,  which  are  read  by  the  "touch" 
system.  The  books  will  be  placed  in  circula- 
tion and  sent  throughout  the  United  States 
to  other  societies  for  the  blind.  The  national 
organization's  new  home  is  the  gift  of  Mrs. 
R.  McManes  Colfell,  of  Philadelphia.  The 
circulating  library  has  been  started  with  a 
collection  of  books  presented  by  the  Perkins 
Institute,  of  Boston,  and  by  the  School  for 
the  Blind,  at  Halifax,  N.  S.  In  addition, 
Baroness  von  Schenck,  in  Mexico,  has  prom- 
ised to  send  the  institution  one  book  each 
month. 

A    LIBRARY    COMMISSION    FOR    OKLAHOMA. 

The  Oklahoma  legislature  is  to  consider, 
this  session,  a  bill  providing  for  a  state  library 
commission  on  the  plan  in  operation  in  other 
states — a  small  organization  to  aid  in  the  or- 
ganization of  new  libraries,  to  secure  a  trained 
librarian  to  act  as  secretary  and  organizer, 
to  provide  for  traveling  libraries,  to  conduct 
a  summer  training  school  for  librarians,  and 
to  secure  a  higher  degree  of  efficiency  in  the 
administration  of  libraries  throughout  the 
state. 

LOUISVILLE  LAW  LIBRARY.— The  Louisville 
(Ky.)  Law  Library  was  installed,  January  10, 
in  its  new  quarters  in  the  Inter-Southern 
Building.  Through  the  courtesy  of  the  man- 
agement of  the  building,  half  of  one  floor 
has  been  leased  for  the  use  of  the  library,  at 
the  nominal  rate  of  $i  per  annum.  Judge 
C.  B.  Seymour,  president  of  the  Law  Library 
Association,  has  paid  the  rental  for  the  next 
twenty  years. 

HARVARD  LIBRARY.— Work  of  tearing  down 
Gore  Hall,  the  old  library  of  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, is  now  in  progress,  the  contract  hav- 
ing been  awarded  to  Elston  &  Swift,  of  Bos- 
ton. The  structure  must  be  entirely  removed 
within  forty-eight  days,  so  that  work  on  the 
erection  of  the  new  Widener  Memorial  Li- 
brary may  be  started  early  in  March. 

NEWSPAPER  COOPERATION.  —  An  interesting 
example  of  cooperation  between  a  public  li- 
brary and  a  newspaper  is  seen  in  the  relation 
of  the  Washington  Star  to  the  public  library 
of  the  District  of  Columbia.  The  lists  of  new 
books  bought  for  the  library  appears  first  of 
all  in  the  literary  columns  of  the  Star,  and 
the  type  is  saved  and  used  again  for  the 
bulletin  of  the  library. 

ST.  PAUL'S  NEW  LIBRARIES.  —  Two  public 
structures  costing  approximately  $1,500,000,  in- 
cluding the  land  they  are  to  cover,  are  to  be 
erected  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.  They  are  the  pub- 
lic library  and  the  reference  library  of  James 
J.  Hill,  the  latter  to  be  Mr.  Hill's  gift  to  the 
city.  According  to  the  designs  by  E.  D. 
Litchfield,  a  New  York  architect,  the  struc- 
tures will  be  patterned  after  the  library  build- 
ing of  J.  P.  Morgan.  Both  structures  will  be 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


under  one  roof,  and  will  have  two  entrances, 
one  en  Fourth  street  and  one  on  Washington 
street.  Funds  for  the  library  were  raised  by 
popular  subscription.  It  is  estimated  to  cost 
$600,000,  while  $700,000  is  the  estimate  of  the 
cost  of  the  Hill  reference  library.  The  fagade 
of  the  structures  will  be  in  marble,  granite, 
and  white  stone  of  modern  architecture.  Con- 
struction will  be  commenced  this  spring. 

NEW  BRANCHES. — Two  new  branch  libraries 
were  opened,  Jan.  i,  1913,  in  Evansville,  Ind. 
Dr.  Edgar  Young  Mullens,  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary  and  trustee  of 
the  Louisville  (Ky.)  Carnegie  Library,  made 
an  address. 

SCHOOL  MEMORIAL  LIBRARY.  —  Julia  Tute- 
wiler,  of  School  27,  in  Indianapolis,  Ind., 
saved  from  her  own  allowance  a  sum  to  buy 
books  for  the  school  library  in  memory  of  a 
little  nine-year-old  sister  who  died  last  year. 
The  library,  newly  dedicated,  will  be  known 
as  the  Belle  Caroline  Tutewiler  Library. 

TELEPHONE  EXCHANGE  LIBRARY.— The  Carne- 
gie Library  of  Montgomery,  Ala.,  sends  regu- 
larly assignments  of  books  to  the  exchange 
of  the  Southern  Bell  Telephone  and  Tele- 
graph Company,  for  the  use  of  operators 
whose  hours  on  duty  prevent  them  from  call- 
ing at  the  library,  and  for  others  who  wish 
to  draw  books. 

A  MUNICIPAL  LIBRARY. — In  Columbus,  O., 
there  is  a  movement  afoot  for  the  creation  of 
a  municipal  library  for  the  use  of  public 
officials. 

A    SELF-SUPPORTING    LIBRARY.  —  The     George 

Smith  Public  Library,  of  Junction  City,  Kan., 
is  supported  entirely  by  the  rental  of  shops 
in  its  first  story.  The  original  gift  went  to 
build  the  building,  and  no  provision  was 
needed  for  endowment  or  support  by  the 
town.  The  plan  is  reported  as  working  well. 

LIBRARY  TRUSTEE  HONORED.  —  A  testimonial 
dinner  was  given  at  the  University  Club,  Mad- 
ison, Wis.,  Jan.  13,  1913,  to  Mr.  Frank  A. 
Hutchins,  trustee  of  the  Madison  Public  Li- 
brary. Addresses  were  given  showing  Mr. 
Hutchins'  wide  range  of  activities  in  connec- 
tion with  library  work:  "Mr.  Hutchins  and 
the  early  days  of  the  library  commission"; 
"Mr.  Hutchins  and  the  township  libraries"; 
"Mr,  Hutchins  and  the  state  park  movement" ; 
"Mr.  Hutchins  and  the  anti-tuberculosis  cru- 
sade" ;  "Mr.  Hutchins  and  the  University  Ex- 
tension Division":  "Mr.  Hutchins  and  the  leg- 
islative reference  work." 

A  LIBRARY  PAGE. — The  Louisville  Times  is 
printing  every  Saturday  a  page  of  interesting 
library  news,  anecdotes  and  readable  informa- 
tion of  the  library  world,  edited  by  Malcolm 
W.  Bayley. 

"THE  LAST  LEAF."  a  volume  of  reminiscences 
by  Dr.  James  Kendall  Hosmer,  who  was 


president  of  the  A.  L.  A.  in  1903,  will  be  of 
particular  interest  to  librarians.  It  contains 
recollections  of  Civil  War  commanders,  great 
scholars  of  Germany  and  England,  and  the 
famous  figures  in  American  literature.  The 
book  is  of  the  same  charm  as  Senator  Hoar's 
autobiography  and  Andrew  D.  White's  rem- 
iniscences. 

A.     L.     A.     MID-WINTER     MEETINGS. — At     the 

mid-winter  meetings  of  the  A.  L.  A.  in  Chi- 
cago, there  were  present  134  representatives 
from  18  states,  the  District  of  Columbia,  and 
two  provinces  of  Canada.  Illinois  led  with 
34,  New  York  and  Ohio  sent  n  and  10  repre- 
sentatives, respectively. 

SUFFRAGE  traveling  libraries,  according  to 
present  plans,  are  to  be  sent  out  to  follow  up 
the  woman  suffrage  organizers'  visits  to  towns 
and  villages  in  New  York  state.  This  work  is 
under  the  direction  of  the  Equal  Franchise 
Society,  which  maintains  a  free  circulating  li- 
brary and  reading  room  in  New  York  City. 
The  collection  is  still  in  its  infancy,  containing 
at  present  250  volumes. 

MUNICIPAL  LIBRARY.  —  The  Public  Library 
at  Fort  Wayne,  Ind..  has  opened  a  Business 
and  Municipal  Department,  and  transferred  to 
this  department  its  large  collection  of  technical 
books,  magazines,  pamphlets  and  public  docu- 
ments. The  department  occupies  three  large 
rooms  on  the  second  floor  of  the  library  build- 
ing and  books  are  circulated  from  it.  The 
library  purposes  making  the  department  a  bu- 
reau of  information  and  an  educational  center 
for  the  industrial,  technical,  scientific,  business, 
and  professional  men  and  women  of  the  city. 
It  also  aims  to  collect  and  make  available  for 
the  use  of  the  city  officials  and  general  public 
literature  of  all  kinds  relative  to  questions 
concerning  the  government  and  general  wel- 
fare of  a  modern  city. 

WAYNESBORO,  VA.,  is  the  third  city  in  that 
state  to  take  advantage  of  the  state  public 
library  law.  The  public  library  has  grown 
out  of  the  training  library  furnished  by  the 
state.  Under  the  terms  of  a  bill  passed  by  the 
General  Assembly  of  1899-1900,  the  council 
of  any  incorporated  town  shall  have  the 
power  to  levy  a  tax,  not  exceeding  I  mill  on 
the  dollar  annually,  for  the  purpose  of  main- 
taining a  public  library.  Although  the  bill 
was  passed  fourteen  years  ago,  few  Virginia 
towns  have  shown  any  desire  to  take  advan- 
tage of  it.  However,  through  the  medium  of 
the  traveling  library,  Dr.  Henry  R.  Mcllwaine. 
the  state  librarian,  has  succeeded  in  creating 
sentiment  for  public  libraries  in  various  sec- 
tions of  the  state,  and  other  towns  are  ex- 
pected to  follow  the  example  of  Waynesboro. 

FICTION  AT  PRATT  INSTITUTE.— The  dupli- 
cate pay  collection  of  fiction  at  the  Pratt  In- 
stitute Free  Library  of  Brooklyn  is  reported 
as  follows : 


February,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


117 


"In  our  last  report  we  announced  the  re- 
vival of  the  plan  of  purchasing  duplications 
of  the  best  new  fiction  to  issue  at  a  nominal 
price  to  those  who  felt  it  a  hardship  to  wait 
for  the  regular  shelf  copies.  It  belongs  to 
this  report  to  show  the  success  of  the  ex- 
periment by  a  statement  of  its  actual  work- 
ing out  from  its  beginning,  Feb.  4,  1911,  to 
the  close  of  the  first  complete  fiscal  year 
thereafter : 

Total  earnings  of  the  collection $283.73 

136  volumes    transferred    to    regular    shelves 

i  copy  lost  and  paid  for 
90  volumes    in    collection    June    30,    1912 

227  copies   purchased  at  a  cost  of 237.70 

Net    cash    profit $46.03 

"Though  financial  advantage  to  the  library 
formed  no  part  of  the  argument  advanced  for 
this  experiment,  it  is  essential  that  the  venture 
should  involve  no  loss.  To  produce  a  small 
balance  annually,  and  to  contribute  regularly 
additional  copies  for  our  free  circulation,  are 
incidental  advantages  that  accentuate  the  pro- 
priety of  the  duplicate  pay  collection. 

"It  might  seem  that  a  supplementary  collec- 
tion of  novels  like  this  would  facilitate  fiction 
borrowing  to  the  point  of  perceptibly  increas- 
ing our  'fiction  percentage/  It  is  deserving  of 
comment  that  our  proportion  of  fiction  issue 
in  1911-1912  was  actually  less  than  during  the 
previous  year  before  the  existence  of  the 
scheme." 

Evansville,  Ind.  Two  new  Carnegie  libra- 
ries, in  the  East  Side  and  West  Side,  were 
formally  opened  to  the  public  on  New  Year's 
day.  Appropriate  dedicatory  exercises  were 
held  from  Jan.  i  to  Jan.  4.  The  program  in- 
cluded an  address  on  "Books  and  people,"  by 
Edgar  Young  Mullens,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  of  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  a  meeting  of  section  i  of  the  In- 
diana Library  Association,  and  story  hours  for 
the  school  children  of  the  city  by  Mrs.  Gudrun 
Thorne-Thomsen,  of  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago. The  exercises  were  preceded  by  recep- 
tions to  the  city  officials  and  citizens,  held  in 
the  library  buildings  and  the  junior  high 
school. 

Patten  Free  Library,  Bath,  Me.  A  story 
hour  was  instituted  Jan.  4,  1913.  Posters 
were  bulletined  the  day  before,  announcing 
"Fairy  tales,  children's  room,  Saturday,  2 
o'clock."  As  a  result  about  one  hundred  boys 
and  girls  were  on  hand  at  the  appointed  hour. 
The  story  was  told  by  one  who  has  had 
valuable  practical  experience  in  this  line  of 
education  on  the  East  Side,  New  York  City. 
At  this  first  trial  of  the  story  hour,  the  room 
was  by  no  means  large  enough  to  seat  half 
the  children,  and  many  came  who  had  never 
been  inside  the  library  before. 

THE  public  library  of  Grand  Rapids  has 
established  twenty-five  libraries  in  the  public 
schools  of  the  city.  From  a  total  of  15,000 
volumes,  a  circulation  of  7^,457  was  reached. 


The  children's  librarian  and  other  members 
of  the  library  staff  visit  the  schools  during 
the  year  and  talk  with  the  teachers  and  chil- 
dren about  the  use  of  the  books.  There  are 
opportunities  for  the  teachers  to  bring  their 
classes  to  the  library  for  instruction  in  the 
use  of  a  library.  Six  school  buildings  have 
branch  libraries  for  both  adults  and  children. 

San  Francisco.  The  Sturge  Library,  named 
in  honor  of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  F.  A.  Sturge  for 
their  work  of  more  than  a  quarter  century 
among  the  Japanese  on  the  Pacific  coast,  \va* 
formally  opened  in  December.  The  library 
comprises  1300  English  and  800  Japanese 
books  and  several  hundred  unbound  sets  of 
periodicals. 

THE  home  circulation  from  the  New  York 
Public  Library  was,  in  1912,  7,669,664.  Brook- 
lyn, with  its  4,380,779,  follows,  and  Chicago 
has  leaped  to  a  circulation  of  3,762,858,  with 
a  home  circulation  of  2,004,889. 

Philadelphia.  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
has  issued  its  proceedings  of  the  meetings 
held  March  19-21,  1912,  in  commemoration  of 
the  looth  anniversary.  The  proceedings  in- 
clude reminiscences  of  the  recording  secretary, 
Dr.  Nolan,  famed  in  A.  L.  A.  circles. 

Geneva  (Neb.)  Public  Library.  The  Car- 
negie library  building,  which  cost  $12,000,  was 
dedicated  January  9. 

Cleveland  Public  Library  has  opened  a  mu- 
nicipal reference  library  in  the  city  hall. 


BOSTWICK,  A.  E.,  has  been  elected  president 
of  the  City  Club  of  St.  Louis. 

CAMPBELL,  Thomas  A.,  for  thirty-five  years 
librarian  of  the  law  library  in  the  Equitable 
Building,  in  New  York,  died,  Jan.  9,  1913,  in 
the  Prospect  Heights  Hospital,  Brooklyn,  of 
pneumonia.  He  was  sixty-four  years  old. 

FLEXNER,  Jennie  N.,  Western  Reserve,  '09, 
who  has  been  classifier  in  the  Louisville  Free 
Public  Library,  has  been  appointed  head  of 
the  circulation  department  of  that  library. 

GLEASON,  Celia,  for  24  years  connected  with 
the  Los  Angeles  Public  Library  and  14  years 
assistant  librarian,  resigned  Dec.  24  to  become 
county  librarian  in  the  newly  established  li- 
brary of  Los  Angeles  county. 

GORGAS,  Mrs.  Amelia  G.,  for  thirty-four  years 
librarian  at  the  University  of  Alabama,  died 
Jan.  3,  1913,  in  Tuscaloosa,  aged  88. 

HAMMOND,  Otis  G.,  after  several  years'  ser- 
vice as  assistant  state  librarian  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, has  been  appointed  superintendent  of 
the  New  Hampshire  Historical  Society,  with 
executive  charge  of  all  departments.  The 
new  building,  costing  $500,000,  was  presented 


n8 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


to  the  society  by  Mr.  Edward  Tuck,  a  native 
of  the  state. 

THE  New  York  Sun,  in  its  issue  of  Jan.  12, 
1913,  has  a  column  editorial,  headed  "A  li- 
brary that  does  things,"  an  enthusiastic  ap- 
preciation of  Mr.  John  Cotton  Dana's  work 
at  Newark,  and  of  his  paper,  The  Newarker, 
which,  says  the  Sun,  plays  "the  part  of  a  wide- 
awake, good-natured,  alert  and  intelligently 
patriotic  citizen." 

Noxz,  Cornelia,  has  been  appointed  librarian 
of  the  San  Antonio  (Tex.)  Public  Library. 
She  is  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Wis- 
consin and  took  a  post-graduate  course  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1904  she  was 
graduated  from  the  Drexel  Institute  Library 
School,  and  took  up  library  work  in  various 
public  and  school  libraries  in  Wisconsin.  Be- 
fore coming  to  San  Antonio  she  was  con- 
nected with  the  Yale  University  Library.  Her 
predecessor.  Miss  Edwards,  was  married  on 
Nov.  20  to  Mr.  E.  H.  Dittmar. 

PAGE,  Annie  R,  of  Hallowell,  Me.,  recently 
completed  forty  years  of  service  as  librarian 
in  that  town.  From  the  small  collection  of 
books,  kept  in  a  room  over  a  store,  and  owned 
by  a  stock  company  and  used  only  by  paid 
subscribers,  she  has  watched  its  growth  to  its 
present  1 1,000  volumes.  A  feature  of  the  li- 
brary is  a  valuable  collection  of  imprints, 
books  printed  in  Hallowell,  old  newspapers 
and  ancient  books,  gathered  solely  by  Miss 
Page. 

PRINCE,  Henry  C.,  of  Madison,  Me.,  has 
t>een  appointed  state  librarian  by  Gov.  Haines. 

ROBINSON,  Prof.  Otis  Hall,  assistant  librar 
dan,  1866-1868,  and  librarian,  1868-1881,  of  the 
University  of  Rochester,  died  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  Dec.  12,  1912,  aged  77  years.  Prof. 
Robinson,  besides  discharging  the  arduous 
duties  of  a  professor  in  a  small  college,  classi- 
fied, cataloged  and  brought  to  a  high  grade  of 
efficiency  the  library  under  his  charge,  in  very 
large  part  by  his  individual  labors.  In  some 
lines  of  library  work  he  was  among  the  pio- 
neers. He  made  in  manuscript  for  the  books 
of  the  library  up  to  1880,  an  index  on  the  lines 
of  the  A.  L.  A.  Index  to  general  literature, 
first  published  in  1893,  and  a  supplement,  for 
the  periodicals  in  the  library  for  1852-1880,  to 
Poole's  Index  of  1852.  In  order  to  keep  these 
and  their  annual  additions  in  alphabetical  order 
he  devised  a  loose-leaf  binder  35  years  before 
loose-leaf  binding  came  into  commercial  vogue. 
The  card  catalog  which  he  made  was  one  of 
the  first  half  dozen  ever  formed,  and  the  first 
in  America  to  employ  the  rod  through  the  cards 
to  hold  them  in  place.  He  was  an  active  par- 
ticipant in  the  first  A.  L.  A.  Conference,  at 
Philadelphia  in  1876,  and  a  contributor  of  ar- 
ticles on  library  matters  to  the  Convocation  of 
the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York  and 
to  the  United  States  Report  on  Libraries  of 
1876,  in  one  of  which  the  binder  above  men- 


tioned is  figured  and  described.    Since  1903  he 
had  been  professor  emeritus. 

STOLLBERG,  Luella  E.,  Western  Reserve,  '08, 
who  has  been  first  assistant  in  the  Glenville 
Branch  of  the  Cleveland  Public  Library,  has 
resigned,  to  accept  the  position -of  head  of  the 
children's  department  of  the  Toledo  Public 
Library. 

TODD,  Cora  W.,  for  the  past  two  years 
children's  librarian  of  the  Jackson  (Mich.) 
Public  Library,  has  resigned,  to  take  a  similar 
position  in  the  Rosenburg  Public  Library,  of 
Galveston,  Tex. 

WATSON,  William  R.,  formerly  librarian  of 
the  San  Francisco  Public  Library  and  assist- 
ant librarian  of  the  Carnegie  Library  in  Pitts- 
burgh, has  been  appointed  chief  of  the  educa- 
tional extension  division  of  the  New  York 
State  Education  Department  (or  head  of  the 
traveling  library).  He  succeeds  William  R. 
Eastman,  who  retires  after  twenty  years  in 
the  place.  Mr.  Watson's  professional  record 
includes  service  from  1907  to  this  year  in 
San  Francisco,  during  its  trying  but  success- 
ful reconstruction  period  since  the  disaster. 

WHITNEY,  James  Lyman,  the  honored  libra- 
rian of  the  Boston  Public  Library,  who  died 
September  25,  1910,  left  a  total  estate  of  $219,- 
797,  according  to  the  appraisal  recently  filed, 
showing  that  he  left  bequests  to  416  employees 
of  the  Boston  Public  Library  ranging  from  $25 
to  the  librarian  to  $i  each  to  assistants  in  the 
library.  Mr.  Whitney  left  his  residuary  estate 
to  be  divided  between  the  library,  the  Boston- 
ian  Society,  the  towns  of  Concord  and  Gpshen, 
Mass. ;  the  American  Library  Association, 
American  Antiquarian  Society,  Harvard,  Yale, 
the  Russell  Trust  Association  at  Yale,  Massa- 
chusetts General  and  Boston  City  hospitals, 
Colonial  Society  of  Massachusetts,  and  the 
grand  nephews  and  nieces. 

WOOTEN,  Katharine,  librarian  of  the  Carne- 
gie Library  of  Atlanta,  has  been  appointed  as 
a  member  of  the  Georgia  Library  Commission, 
to  fill  the  position  left  vacant  by  the  resigna- 
tion of  Mrs.  Frank  O.  Foster.  Miss  Wootten 
will  serve  as  chairman  of  the  commission. 

WYMAN,  Alice,  daughter  of  Dr.  W.  S.  Wy- 
man,  of  Tuscaloosa,  has  been  appointed  libra- 
rian of  the  university  to  succeed  Miss  Ora  I. 
Smith,  who  recently  resigned  to  accept  a  posi- 
tion in  the  state  historical  library  of  Wiscon- 
sin. 

(Bffts  anfc  Bequests 

Baltimore,  Md.  A  site  for  a  Carnegie 
branch  library  has  been  given  by  Mrs.  Leon 
Lauer,  in  memory  of  her  husband.  The  loca- 
tion is  on  North  avenue,  between  Small  wood 
and  Bentalou  streets. 

Boston,  Mass.  The  public  library  has  re- 
ceived $2000,  a  bequest  contained  in  the  will 
of  Frank  Cement,  of  Newton. 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


119 


Corsicana,  Tex.  Capt.  James  Garitt,  Capt. 
C.  H.  Allyn  and  S.  A.  Pace  have  presented 
the  Public  Library  with  a  fund  of  $700. 

Chardon,  Okla.  Andrew  Carnegie  has  given 
$8000  to  the  town  for  a  public  library  building. 
The  town  is  to  provide  a  site  and  maintenance 
and  the  Progress  Club  the  books. 

Clinton,  N.  Y.  $2000  for  the  purchase  of 
Latin  books  has  been  given  to  the  Hamilton 
College  Library  by  Robert  M.  Pomeroy,  of 
Buffalo,  as  a  memorial  to  his  father.  The 
library  receives  also  $2500  from  Thomas  R. 
Proctor,  of  Utica. 

Danville,  Ky.  Central  University  receives 
$30,000  from  Andrew  Carnegie  for  a  library 
building.  An  equal  sum  for  endowment  was 
raised  from  other  sources. 

Fostoria,  O.  Public  Library  Association  re- 
ceives $1700  as  residuary  legatee  of  the  estate 
of  the  late  Louisa  McClean. 

Frederick,  Md.  Mrs.  Margaret  E.  S.  Hood 
has  bequeathed  the  city  a  site  valued  at  $15,- 
ooo  for  the  public  library,  to  be  available  only 
when  the  C.  Burr  Artz  trust  fund  of  about 
$100,000  is  in  the  hands  of  the  trustees. 

Lynn,  Mass.  The  public  library  has  re- 
ceived $10,000 — a  bequest  from  the  late  Joseph 
N.  Smith. 

Minonk,  III.  By  the  will  of  David  Felger, 
the  town  receives  a  site  and  $20,000  for  the 
erection  of  a  public  library,  to  be  known  as 
the  Felger  Library,  in  memory  of  Christopher 
and  Sarah  Felger,  parents  of  the  donor. 

New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  Mrs.  Grace  T.  Wells, 
widow  of  Dr.  Wells,  '78,  has  given  Rutgers 
College  Library  $1500  for  the  purchase  of 
French  books. 

Newark,  N.  J.  Through  the  Board  of 
Trade,  Harry  Swisher  has  given  $1000  to  the 
public  library,  with  no  stipulation,  except  that 
the  investment  shall  be  of  a  permanent  char- 
acter and  known  as  the  Mabel  Montgomery 
Swisher  Memorial. 

Newport,  R.  I.  Mr.  George  Gordon  King 
has  given  to  the  People's  Library,  for  a  new 
home,  his  brick  house,  with  24,000  square  feet 
of  land.  The  large  house  is  of  Italian  archi- 
tecture, situated  in  a  park  of  nine  acres,  and 
is  in  perfect  condition,  fireproof,  and  well 
adapted  to  library  use.  Such  interior  altera- 
tions as  are  necessary  will  be  made  soon. 

Nashville,  Tenn.  Vanderbilt  University  re- 
ceives by  bequest  from  Dr.  W.  J.  Vaughn, 
formerly  of  the  chair  of  mathematics,  the 
gift  of  his  library,  containing  books  on  math- 
ematics and  many  Russian  works. 

Ovid  (N.  y.)  P.  L.  is  to  use  for  new  furni- 
ture a  gift  of  $300  from  Mrs.  Benedict,  of 
Pasadena,  Cal. 

Providence,  R.  I.  Public  Library  is  to  re- 
ceive $5000  under  the  terms  of  the  will  of 
Isaac  C.  Bates. 


Scotland,  Conn.,  receives  a  $500  bequent 
from  Burton  E.  Leavitt,  in  memory  of  his 
great-aunt,  Lucy  Ainsworth. 

Spokane,  Wash.  Sylvester  Heath  has  given 
two  lots  valued  at  $7000  for  a  site  for  a  branch 
library. 

Springfield,  Mass.  The  Springfield  Street 
Railway  Company  has  given  $1000  toward  the 
site  of  the  Memorial  Square  branch  of  the 
city  library.  The  branch  is  to  be  very  near 
the  car  barns,  headquarters  for  six  or  seven 
hundred  men.  There  will  be  collections  of 
volumes  of  special  interest  to  street  railway 
men.  The  library  has  also  received  a  bequest 
of  $1000  from  the  late  George  W.  Tapley. 

Wallingford,  Pa,  Dr.  H.  H.  Furness,  the 
Shakespearean  scholar,  left  $5000  to  the  Free 
Library  at  Wallingford  under  condition  that 
the  name  be  changed  from  "The  Horace  How- 
ard Furness  Free  Library"  to  that  of  the 
"Helen  K.  Furness  Free  Library."  The  be- 
quest is  to  be  used  for  a  new  building,  a  site 
for  which  has  been  given  by  Dr.  William  H. 
Furness,  3d. 

Wellesley,  Mass.  Professor  George  H. 
Palmer,  of  Harvard,  on  the  anniversary  of  his 
marriage  to  Alice  Freeman,  former  president 
of  Wellesley,  sent  to  the  College  Library  a 
set  of  first  editions  of  translations  of  Homer's 
"Odyssey"  and  "Iliad,"  including  a  first-edi- 
tion copy  of  nearly  every  translation  of  the 
"Odyssey"  that  has  been  made  into  English 
up  to  the  publication  of  Professor  Palmer's 
own  translation. 

Whitman  College,  Walla  Walla,  Wash.,  is  the 
recipient  of  the  Esther  Nilsson  memorial  fund 
for  library  purposes,  given  by  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Andrew  Nilsson,  of  Dayton,  Wash.,  in  memory 
of  their  daughter,  a  former  student  of  the 
college. 

York,  Pa.,  receives  by  the  will  of  Milton  D. 
Martin  funds  for  the  erection  of  a  public  li- 
brary to  cost  $125,000,  and  for  its  maintenance 
the  income  of  $60,000  more.  The  bequest  be- 
comes operative  upon  the  death  of  his  wife. 

%tbcarp  tReports 

Albion  (N.  Y.),  Swan  L.  Lillian  Achilles, 
Ibn.  Accessions  483;  total  11,671.  Circula- 
tion 34,719.  Expenditures  (for  books  and 
periodicals)  $569.88. 

Amsterdam  (N.  7.)  Free  L.  Mrs.  Howard 
R.  Moore,  Ibn.  Accessions  1184.  New  regis- 
tration 812.  Circulation  70,922.  Receipts 
$6743.97;  expenditures  $6387.18. 

Atlantic  City  (N.  7.)  P.  L.  A.  P.  Abbott, 
Ibn.  Total  number  of  volumes  25,347.  New 
registration  2743;  total  12,115.  Circulation 
157,837. 

Ansonia  (Conn.)  P.  L.  Ruby  E.  Steele,  Ibn. 
(i6th  rpt.  —  year  to  S.,  1912.)  Accessions 


I2O 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


771;  total  17,977.  Circulation  54*842.  Regis- 
tration 2383.  Expenditures  $4000  (salaries 
$2392,  books  $587). 

Beverly  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Martha  P.  Smith, 
Ibn.  (57th  annual  rpt.)  Accessions  1575; 
net  growth  1162;  total  30,362.  Total,  includ- 
ing branch  and  school  library,  36,180.  New 
registration  774;  total  registration  since  1900 
8945.  Circulation  94,381.  Receipts  $8019.66; 
expenditures  $7934.96.  The  new  building, 
large  enough  for  80,000  volumes,  will  be  open 
to  the  public  about  June  i.  In  the  reference 
room,  public  document  room  and  reading 
rooms  there  will  be  immediate  access  to  10,000 
volumes. 

Bristol  (R.  /.),  Rogers  Free  L.  Geo.  A. 
Arnold,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— 1912.)  Accessions  401  ; 
net  increase  355;  total  19,048.  New  registra- 
tion 231 ;  total  2035.  Circulation  18,875.  Re- 
ceipts $2124.81 ;  expenditures  $1942.97 ;  balance 
$181.84. 

Binghamton  (N.  7.)  P.  L.  W.  F.  Seward, 
Ibn.  Total  number  of  volumes  30,214.  Reg- 
istration during  the  year  3736;  total  registra- 
tion 15,345.  Circulation  171,994  (non-fiction 
50,116).  Sixty-seven  traveling  libraries  were 
sent  to  the  public  schools.  Traveling  libraries 
have  also  been  installed  in  the  fire  stations, 
the  Slovak  Parochial  School,  at  the  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  and  many  factories.  The  library  has 
cooperated  in  promoting  a  vocational  guid- 
ance bureau.  At  the  public  meeting,  the 
mayor  was  requested  to  name  the  members 
of  such  a  bureau,  and  upon  his  action  the 
organization  will  be  ready  for  work. 

Boston  Medical  L.  J.  W.  Farlow,  Ibn. 
(37th  rpt.  —  year  to  N.  12,  1912.)  Accessions 
3212;  total  75,022.  Attendance  of  readers  12,- 
187.  Expenditures  $23,998  (salaries  $7397* 
books  $1937,  periodicals  $2330;  binding  $1050). 

Brown  Univ.  L.  H.  L.  Koopman,  Ibn.  (Rpt. 
—  year  to  Je.,  1912.)  Accessions  8095.  Circu- 
lation 6345.  Volumes  cataloged  12,384.  Two 
special  collections,  aggregating  10,000  volumes, 
have  been  added.  They  consist  mainly  of 
books  on  South  America,  some  of  them  very 
rare,  and  on  rivers  and  harbor  engineering. 

A  feature  of  this  library  is  its  long  series  of 
publications  of  the  leading  engineering  socie- 
ties of  the  world.  Attention  is  called  to  the 
number  of  treatises,  reports  and  maps  relating 
to  the  regulation  of  rivers  and  creation  of 
harbors. 

The  cataloging  of  the  German  Seminary  Li- 
brary has  been  completed;  oooo  cards  were 
written. 

Brooklyn  (N.  F.)  P.  L.  Frank  P.  Hill, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — 1912.)  Accessions  75,424;  total 
735,848.  Total  registration  294,535.  Circula- 
tion 4,380,779  (juvenile  1,562,783).  The 
Brooklyn  Library  has  been  developed  upon  an 
unusual  plan — that  of  a  system  of  branch  li- 
braries, without  a  central  library  or  a  large 
collection  of  books  as  a  nucleus.  The  aim  of 


the  first  trustees  was  that  the  "borough  should 
ultimately  be  covered  by  small  libraries,  not 
more  than  a  mile  and  a  half  apart."  This 
plan  has  been  realized  in  large  measure.  Fully 
equipped  branches  have  been  located  in  all  the 
densely  settled  sections  of  the  city,  in  many 
instances  less  than  a  mile-  apart,  v,  liile  in  the 
more  sparsely  settled  districts  stations  have 
been  provided  containing  a  smaller  collection 
of  books  and  open  fewer  hours  than  the 
branches,  or  deposit  stations  in  stores,  under 
the  care  of  proprietors,  but  under  the  direc- 
tion and  supervision  of  the  library.  In  addi- 
tion to  these  agencies  for  the  distribution  of 
books,  clubs,  schools,  factories,  fire  and  police 
stations,  department  stores,  recreation  centers 
and  playgrounds,  orphan  asylums,  homes  for 
the  aged,  and  similar  institutions  are  reached 
through  the  department  of  traveling  libraries. 

The  library  system  consists  of  28  branches, 
3  stations,  10  deposit  stations,  n  factory  sec- 
tions, 3  stations  in  department  stores,  and 
275  institutions  to  which  traveling  libraries 
are  lent.  Seventeen  of  the  branches  are 
housed  in  buildings  given  by  Andrew  Carne- 
gie. Most  of  them  are  adequate,  with  the 
notable  exception  of  the  Brownsville  section. 
Last  year,  600  buildings,  each  planned  to 
house  from  four  to  twelve  families,  were 
erected  there.  The  better  to  serve  this  com- 
munity, the  Carnegie  committee  is  about  to 
erect  another  building  within  six  blocks  of 
the  present  branch.  This  new  building  will 
be  devoted  entirely  to  the  service  of  children 
under  high  school  age.  So  far  as  we  know, 
it  will  be  the  first  branch  in  this  country  espe- 
cially planned  as  a  children's  library.  The 
building  will  be  so  arranged  that,  with  little 
alteration,  it  can  be  turned  into  a  branch  to 
be  used  both  by  adults  and  children. 

The  librarians  of  New  York,  Brooklyn  and 
Queens  Borough  libraries  presented  to  the 
Board  of  Estimate  certain  recommendations 
as  to  the  possible  and  desirable  cooperation 
between  schools  and  libraries.  Work  has 
been  done  under  a  special  cooperative  plan 
with  the  Pratt  Institute  Library  School.  The 
following  recommendations  were  presented: 
New  buildings  at  Ridgewood  and  Tompkins 
Park;  the  purchase  of  more  rare  and  expen- 
sive books;  addition  to  endowment  fund;  ask 
the  Board  of  Estimate  for  an  appropriation 
for  central  building,  for  books;  more  assist- 
ants for  reference  work. 

Charlotte,  N.  C.  Carnegie  L.  (loth  annual 
rpt  — 1912.)  Mary  B.  Palmer,  Ibn.  Acces- 
sions 812;  total  6704.  New  registration  409; 
total  1049.  Circulation  32,367.  Receipts  $4000. 
not  including  fines.  Expenditures  $4033.24. 

Cincinnati,  O.  University  of  Cincinnati  L. 
Charles  Albert  Read,  Ibn.  (Annual  rpt. - 
1911.)  Accessions  2263;  total  cataloged  57,- 
426;  total  63,426.  Number  of  student  ap- 
proximately 1400.  Expenditures  $2000.  The 
librarian  finds  the  appropriation  inadequate  for 
the  needs  of  an  institution  of  that  size,  and  to 


February,   1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


121 


support  his  arguments  appends  tables  showing 
the  amounts  spent  by  representative  institu- 
tions for  the  purchase  of  books,  the  number 
of  students  and  the  amount  spent  per  student 
for  the  acquisition  of  books.  He  divides  47 
institutions  into  three  groups,  the  first  com- 
prising colleges  and  professional  schools,  the 
second  the  larger  universities,  the  third  other 
universities  of  about  the  same  standing  as  the 
University  of  Cincinnati.  In  the  first  group 
the  sums  per  student  range  from  $2.30  at 
Wellesley,  $3.10  at  Smith,  $5  at  Mount  Hoi- 
yoke,  $7.70  at  Williams,  $9.10  at  Amherst.  to 
$14.60  at  Bryn  Mawr  and  $78.30  at  the  Gen- 
eral Theological  Seminary,  New  York.  Omit- 
ting the  latter,  the  average  for  this  group  is 
$6.30. 

In  the  second  group  the  sums  range  from 
$3.80  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and 
$4  at  Columbia,  to  $6.70  at  Harvard,  $8.30  at 
Princeton,  $12.60  at  Johns  Hopkins,  and  $15.90 
at  Leland  Stanford.  The  average  in  this 
group  is  $6.91. 

The  third  group  shows  that  universities  of 
usual  standing  spend  $5.17  on  an  average  per 
student.  In  this  computation  were  omitted 
Cflark  University,  which  has  special  book 
funds,  the  University  of  Nevada,  which  can 
spend  $8000  for  300  students,  and  the  College 
of  the  City  of  New  York,  which  spends  30 
cents  per  student.  The  University  of  Cincin- 
nati evidently  intends  to  increase  its  average 
as  soon  as  possible. 

University  of  Colorado  (Boulder,  Co/.)  L. 
C.  Henry  Smith,  Ibn.  (Biennial  rpt. — 1910- 
1912,)  Accessions  11,489;  total  63,487.  Cir- 
culation 29,034  (not  including  use  of  reserve 
books  or  reading  room).  Expenditures 
$13,521.99. 

Dallas  Public  Library,  under  an  arrange- 
ment recently  made  with  the  city,  is  to  have  a 
municipal  reference  department. 

Davenport  (la.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  — 1912.)  Ac- 
cessions 4530;  total  35,935.  Circulation  172,- 
335  (10,897  German,  229  French,  71  Swedish, 
61  Bohemian,  and  4  Danish). 

Elizabeth  (N.  J.)  Free  P.  L.  Charles  A. 
George,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — year  1912.)  Accessions 
5243 ;  total  37,650.  New  registration  2836 ;  to- 
tal 11,224.  Circulation  171,248.  Receipts  $27,- 
713.79;  expenditures  $26,021.44.  The  new  main 
building,  given  by  Mr.  Carnegie,  at  a  cost  of 
$102,703.53,  was  opened  in  October.  A  branch 
library,  also  given  by  Mr.  Carnegie,  has  been 
begun. 

El  Paso  (Tex.)  P.  L.  Maud  Durlin,  libn. 
(Rpt— 1912.)  New  registration  1384.  Circu- 
lation 57,865  (juvenile  12,780). 

Special  stress  has  been  laid  upon  the 
strengthening  and  development  of  the  chil- 
dren's department.  New  books  were  added  to 
replace  the  worn  and  discarded  copies,  and 
visits  were  made  to  most  of  the  public  schools 
by  the  librarian,  with  the  view  of  acquainting 


the  children  with  the  library  and  of  meeting 
the  teachers  upon  their  own  ground,  in  order 
to  cooperate  in  their  work.  Stories  were  told 
in  the  lower  grades,  and  the  children  invited 
to  attend  the  story  hour,  which  was  conducted 
weekly  at  the  library  on  Friday  afternoon. 

Evanston,  III.  Northwestern  University  L. 
Walter  Lichtenstein,  Ibn.  Accessions  4779 ; 
pamphlets  3118;  total  88,433.  Circulation  78,- 
644.  Registration  1358.  Average  number 
using  reading  room  per  day  594.  Receipts 
$9153.09.  Expenditures  $11,779.55.  The  libra- 
rian reports  a  very  crowded  condition  in  the 
reading  room  and  the  shelves. 

Evanston  (III.)  P.  L.  Mary  B.  Lindsay, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — 1912.)  Accessions  2125;  total 
48,567.  New  registration  1622;  total  registra- 
tion 10,777.  Circulation  120,617.  Receipts 
$20,223.03 ;  expenditures  $13,779.27. 

Fresno  (Cal)  P.  L.  Sarah  E.  McCardle, 
Ibn.  Accessions  1834;  total  13,881.  New  reg- 
istration 627;  total  4121.  Circulation  43,874, 
from  July-December.  Receipts  $7313.34;  ex- 
penditures $5250.47. 

Helena  (Mont.)  State  Law  L.  Ashburn  K. 
Barbour,  state  law  Ibn.  (Rpt  — 1911-12.)  Ac- 
cessions 1937;  total  approximately  30,000. 

Huntington  (N.  Y.)  L.  Mrs.  Mary  F. 
Gaines,  Ibn.  Accessions  519;  total  9209.  Cir- 
culation 14,260. 

Kingston  (N.  Y.)  City  L.  Marion  Herbert, 
Ibn.  Accessions  334;  total  7728.  Circulation 
44,934.  Reading-room  users  24,374.  Receipts 
$4474.32 ;  expenditures  $4522.57. 

Lansing  (Mich.)  P.  S.  L.  E.  Jennie  Mc- 
Neal,  Ibn.  (nth  rpt — year  to  Aug.,  1012.) 
Accessions  2713;  total  22,066.  Circulation  71,- 
248.  Receipts  $8916.  Expenditures  $6521 
(books  $1113,  binding  $305,  salaries  $2312). 

Little  Falls  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  Mabel  E.  Rich- 
ards, Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  n  mos.,  from  Feb.  i,  1912, 
to  Jan.  i,  1913.)  Accessions  621;  total  8505. 
New  registration  343;  total  1600.  Circulation 
26,185. 

Long  Beach  (Cal.)  P.  L.  Victoria  Ellis. 
Ibn.  (nth  rpt. — year  ending  June  30,  1912.) 
Accessions  4354;  total  23,967.  Circulation 
223,022  (  an  increase  of  22,469  over  1911). 
Registration  10,300.  New  registration  5231. 
There  are  four  branches  and  one  deposit 
station.  Receipts  $20,380.17;  expenditures 
$16,221. 

Long  Beach  has  an  estimated  population 
(exclusive  of  tourists)  of  20,000,  and  library 
cardholders  represent  about  fifty  per  cent  of 
total  number  of  residents. 

Madison  (Wis.)  F.  L.  Mary  A.  Smith,  Ibn. 
(37th  rpt.  —  year  to  Je.  30,  1912.)  Acces- 
sions 2719;  total  27,006.  Circulation  144,762. 


122 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


Registration  14,405.  Expenditures  $19,839 
(salaries  $5613,  books  and  periodicals  $2571, 
binding  $817). 

Manitowoc  (Wis.)  P.  L.  Martha  Elizabeth 
Pond,  Ibn.  (Rpt. —  year  June  30,  1912.)  Ac- 
cessions 895;  total  10,453.  Registration  4799. 
Circulation  38,329.  Receipts  $6874.09.  Expen- 
ditures $4089.37.  Active  publicity  work  is  car- 
ried on  by  this  library  in  the  press  of  the  town, 
and  much  attention  is  paid  to  personal  work, 
displays  and  bulletins  in  the  library. 

Marietta  (O.)  P.  L.  William  D.  Cotton, 
Ibn.  Accessions  496;  total  14,161.  New  reg- 
istration 565;  total  2491.  Circulation  30,888 
(periodicals  1571). 

The  library  is  at  present  housed  in  the  high 
school  building,  already  overcrowded.  The 
need  of  a  separate  building  is  plain. 

Massachusetts.  State  L.  C.  F.  D.  Belden, 
Ibn.  (3d  rpt.  —  year  to  N.  30,  1912.)  Net  ac- 
cessions 10,513.  Expenditures  $27,509  (sal- 
aries $15,010,  books  $6158,  binding  $1288). 

During  the  1912  legislative  session  the  daily 
average  of  state  officials  and  legislators  using 
the  reference  rooms  reached  40.  Other  states 
and  even  foreign  countries  are  making  more 
and  more  demand.  The  use  made  by  the  public 
is  notably  increasing.  3400  cards  are  now 
available  to  the  card  index  referring  to  the 
messages  of  the  governor.  6714  books  and 
pamphlets  have  been  sent  out  from  the  dupli- 
cate collection  in  exchange  with  other  libraries. 
615  booklists  on  selected  topics  are  now  in  use. 
In  considering  the  making  of  a  card  catalog 
open  to  public  use,  it  has  been  found  that  the 
cost  for  printing  would  be  50  cents  per  book 
title.  It  has  therefore  been  decided  to  use 
typewritten  cards  except  where  L.  C.  and 
Harvard  cards  can  be  purchased.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  the  completed  card,  ready  for  de- 
posit in  the  tray,  would  cost  on  the  average  10 
cents.  This  estimate  is  based  on  the  fact  that 
during  the  last  year  5645  lead-pencil  title  cards 
(21,000  books)  were  prepared  at  an  average 
cost  of  6  cents.  This  striking  difference  in 
cost  of  cataloging  is  due  to  a  new  system  of 
handling  the  work.  The  expert  cataloger  dic- 
tates the  substance  of  the  cards  to  an  aman- 
uensis, instead  of  doing  all  the  mechanical 
work  himself.  Experience  has  demonstrated 
that  by  this  method  the  work  of  three  cata- 
logers  can  be  done  by  one.  During  the  past 
year  the  librarian  issued,  as  prepared  by  C.  J. 
Babbitt,  a  "Hand-list  of  American  statute  law." 

Mount  Clemens  (Mich.}  P.  L.  Agnes  L. 
Snover,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — year  to  Je.  30,  1912.) 
Accessions  544;  total  9235.  Circulation  31,206. 
Registration  4601.  Expenditures  $4165  (sal- 
aries $1323,  binding  $326). 

New  York,  N.  Y.  Cooper  Union  L.  F.  A. 
Curtis,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  — year  to  Je.  30,  1912.) 
Accessions  48,695;  total  226,425.  Attendance 
585,766.  Expenditures  $15,730. 

Olean  (N.  F.)  P.  L.  Maud  D.^  Brooks,  Ibn. 
(6th  annual  rpt.  —  1912.)  Accessions  850;  net 


gain  179;  total  10,468.  New  registration  1032; 
total  5186.  Circulation  59,590.  Careful  pub- 
licity work,  including  special  lists  sent  to 
shops,  factories,  clubs,  city  officials,  schools 
and  professional  workers,  is  being  done. 

Oakland  (Cal.)  F.  L.  Charles  F.  Greene, 
Ibn.  (34th  annual  rpt. — 1912.)  Accessions 
5781 ;  total  58,287.  New  registration  8348 ; 
withdrawn  703;  total  49,417.  Circulation  481,- 
285.  Receipts  $95,670;  expenditures  $95,069.47. 

A  municipal  reference  library  of  about 
seven  hundred  books,  pamphlets  and  period- 
icals has  been  organized,  and  extensive  cor- 
respondence conducted  with  other  cities.  It 
is  eventually  to  become  a  branch  library  and 
to  be  housed  in  the  City  Hall.  The  library 
finds  most  useful  and  economical  the  em- 
ployment of  expert  bindery  workers  in  mend- 
ing books  and  advising  as  to  rebinding,  etc. 
Two  such  women  mended,  respectively,  8263 
and  8812  books  during  the  year. 

Philadelphia  (Pa.)  Mercantile  L.  Acces- 
sions 3918.  Circulation  125,156.  Members 
2680.  Expenditures  $4707.49. 

Phoenixville  (Pa.)  P.  L.  Elmira  W.  Penny- 
packer,  Ibn.  (i6th  rpt.  —  year  to  Jl.,  1912.) 
Accessions  496;  total  9691.  Circulation  29,716. 
New  registry  450;  total  1631.  Expenditure? 
$2352  (salaries  $951,  books  $630). 

Portland  (Ore.)  Library  Assn.  (49th  annual 
rpt. — year  ending  Oct.  31,  1912.  Total  number 
of  volumes,  144,522.  Total  registration  56,- 
667)  n°t  including  children  borrowing  through 
the  schools.  Circulation  1,036,894.  Receipts 
$148,621.31;  investment  funds  $114,605.11;  ex- 
penditures (for  books,  general  administration, 
central  library  and  library  extension)  $118,- 
306.63.  A  gift  of  $60,000  from  the  Carnegie 
Corporation  of  New  York  for  the  construction 
of  four  new  branch  library  buildings,  and  sites 
for  three  branches,  valued  at  $18,900.  The 
new  main  library  building  is  in  use:  two 
branches  are  housed  in  beautiful  and  conve- 
nient buildings  made  possible  by  the  generos- 
ity of  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie,  and  by  the  presi- 
dent of  the  Library  Board,  who  contributed 
the  sites ;  two  more  are  in  process  of  con- 
struction upon  sites  given  by  the  citizens  of 
the  community,  and  the  site  for  a  fifth  has 
been  given  by  Mr.  M.  L.  Holbrook  and  plans 
for  the  building  are  under  consideration ; 
eight  small  branches  are  established  in  rented 
buildings;  thirteen  deposit  stations  may  be 
found  in  parts  of  the  country  where  the  pop- 
ulation does  not  warrant  larger  service,  and 
traveling  libraries  have  been  placed  in  car 
barns,  engine  houses,  institutions,  Sunday- 
schools  and  with  clubs.  In  addition,  both  city 
and  county  schools  have  been  provided  with 
classroom  libraries.  The  circulation  has  in- 
creased 836  per  cent,  since  1002.  One  means 
of  advertising  the  library  has  been  made  pos- 
sible through  the  courtesy  of  the  People's 
Amusement  Company.  Two  lantern  slides 
have  been  provided  for  each  of  the  eleven 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


I23 


moving  picture  theaters  operated  by  this  com- 
pany ;  one  slide  states  that  the  story  of  the 
picture  may  be  obtained  at  the  Public  Library ; 
the  other  slide  gives  the  location  of  the  central 
library  and  branches.  These  slides  are  shown 
during  performances  which  include  literary 
films,  and  at  the  same  time  the  library  posts 
on  its  bulletin  board  a  notice  of  such  films. 
This  advertising  is  proving  so  successful  that 
similar  arrangements  are  being  made  with 
other  companies  operating  moving  picture 
theaters. 

Placards  setting  forth  the  practical  value  of 
the  library  to  various  classes  of  people  have 
been  posted  in  all  possible  public  places,  stores, 
mills,  waiting-rooms,  hotels,  barber  shops  and 
pool-rooms. 

In  North  Portland  arrangements  were  made 
with  the  local  collector  of  water  rents  to  dis- 
tribute library  applications  and  book  lists,  and 
when  the  Gas  Company  in  that  section  gave  a 
demonstration  of  cooking  for  a  week,  at  each 
session  the  speaker  kindly  advertised  the 
branch's  collection  of  cook  books. 

At  St.  Johns  the  librarian  made  almost  a 
house  to  house  canvass  questioning  nationality, 
occupation  and  organization  and  furnished  ex- 
act information,  which  is  of  inestimable  ser- 
vice in  building  up  the  resources  of  the  branch. 

Members  of  the  library  staff  have  talked  ort 
library  matters  before  many  clubs  and  organ- 
izations in  both  city  and  county,  and  the 
library  has  been  represented  by  booths  at  the 
Child  Welfare  exhibit,  the  County  Fair,  the 
Industrial  Fair  at  St.  Johns,  and  by  a  case  of 
special  editions  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
Oregon  Congress  of  Mothers. 

Since  April  non-fiction  has  been  reserved 
without  charge,  and  by  telephone  or  postal; 
this  has  occasioned  an  increase  of  nearly  25 
per  cent,  in  the  use  of  the  cards. 

Only  four  of  the  ten  books  permitted  the 
vacation  issue  may  be  fiction.  Very  few  bor- 
rowers wished  for  fiction  alone,  and  few  bor- 
rowed the  full  complement  of  ten  books.  999 
members  availed  themselves  of  this  privilege, 
borrowing  5292  books.  The  vacation  privilege 
was  extended  throughout  the  year  to  traveling 
men  whose  headquarters  are  in  Portland.  On 
the  signature  of  the  firms  they  represent, 
books  are  issued  for  the  time  requested.  No 
fiction  is  included,  as  trains  and  hotels  supply 
novels  generously. 

The  development  of  the  three  high  school 
libraries,  the  introduction  of  a  course  of  in- 
struction in  the  use.  of  the  library  and  the  ex- 
tension of  the  work  to  Sunday  schools,  paro- 
chial schools  and  private  schools  are  the  strik- 
ing features  of  trie  year's  activities.  Thirty- 
five  schools  were  provided  with  classroom  li- 
braries, fifty-seven,  including  high,  trade,  night 
and  summer  schools,  with  traveling  libraries. 

Poughkeepsie  (N.  F.)  P.  L.  J.  C.  Sickley, 
Ibn.  (Rpt  — 1912.)  Accessions  2444;  total 
number  of  books  50,122.  New  registration 
1732;  total  registration  7031.  Circulation 
100,617. 


Redlands  (Cal)  A.  K.  Smiley  P.L.  Artena 
M.  Chapin,  Ibn.  (i8th  annual  rpt.  —  1911-12.) 
Accessions  1761;  net  growth  1458;  total  21,689. 
New  registration  136;  total  5408.  Circulation 
94,784.  Receipts  $15,381.47.  Expenditures 
$15,511.97.  This  library  is  doing  good  work 
with  all  departments,  has  a  stereoscope  circu- 
lation of  25,024,  and  a  pay  collection  for  the 
newest  fiction  which  nearly  pays  for  itself. 

St.  Louis  (Ma.)  P.  L.  Hourly  book  de- 
livery, something  not  heretofore  attempted  by 
the  library,  and  impracticable,  of  course,  at  a 
distant  station,  is  now  available  at  the  new 
downtown  station  on  the  second  floor  of  the 
Grand-Leader  Building.  Messengers  leave 
the  central  library  at  ten  minutes  before  each 
hour,  and  reach  the  station  on  the  hour. 
Books  ordered  at  the  beginning  of  a  shopping 
trip  may  therefore  be  obtained  at  the  station 
at  its  close.  These  facilities  are  i-ntended  to 
remove  objections  to  the  new  location  of  the 
central  building,  and  the  indications  are  that 
they  are  doing  so. 

The  report  of  the  Municipal  Reference 
Branch  for  October  and  November  shows  that 
in  those  months  16  different  departments  of 
the  city  government  used  the  library  for  pur- 
poses of  more  or  less  extended  investigation. 
Other  cities  and  outside  organizations  making 
similar  inquiries  numbered  21.  Investigations 
have  been  conducted  by  research  and  corre- 
spondence on  the  governor's  power  of  re- 
moval of  city  officials,  municipal  home  rule, 
municipal  outdoor  baths,  state  registration  of 
nurses,  marriage  laws,  moving-picture  censor- 
ship, firemen's  salaries,  food  screening,  and 
street-car  heating  and  ventilation.  Informa- 
tion on  a  very  large  variety  of  other  subjects 
connected  with  municipal  administration,  but 
not  requiring  such  extended  investigation,  is 
asked  for  and  furnished  daily.  The  librarian 
attends  assembly  meetings  with  some  regu- 
larity, and  is  thereby  enabled  to  discover  and 
anticipate  the  needs  of  members;  in  some 
cases  investigations  have  been  completed  be- 
fore the  arrival  of  the  official  request.  A 
subject  index  is  now  kept  of  all  important 
pending  bills,  showing  the  stage  of  each,  the 
number  and  the  date  of  introduction.  Other 
useful  indexes  are  in  progress,  and  a  full  col- 
lection of  clippings  on  municipal  subjects  is 
kept  up  to  date.  These  resources  are  at  the 
disposal  not  only  of  city  officials,  but  of  any 
interested  citizen. 

The  library  holds  a  visitors'  night  monthly. 
At  present  they  occur  on  the  second  Thurs- 
day of  every  month.  On  these  nights,  special 
guides  are  present  to  show  guests  around  the 
building,  which  is  opened  and  lighted  in  every 
part,  including  those  not  usually  accessible  to 
the  public.  These  occasions  have  met  with 
favor,  and  will  be  continued  so  long  as  they 
appear  to  do  so.  About  one  hundred  guests 
have  been  received  and  entertained  on  each 
evening  between  7.30  and  9.30,  apart  from 
regular  users  of  the  library. 

The  photograph  room  of  the  library  offers 


124 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


facilities  to  those  who  wish  to  reproduce  by 
photography  plates  or  diagrams  from  books 
that  may  not  be  removed  from  the  building, 
or  that  have  been  borrowed  from  other  cities 
by  interlibrary  loan.  Architects,  engineers, 
draughtsmen  and  patent  attorneys  will  find 
this  useful.  The  library  furnishes  utensils, 
but  users  are  expected  to  provide  their  own 
chemicals  and  plates  or  films.  It  is  preferable 
that  each  user  should  have  his  own  camera, 
but  the  library  has  a  5  x  7  camera  for  loan, 
if  desired.  Application  should  be  made  to  the 
librarian  or  the  building  superintendent. 

The  library  borrows,  for  its  readers,  books 
from  such  out-of-town  libraries  as  are  willing 
to  lend  them,  especially  from  the  Library  of 
Congress  at  Washington.  There  is  no  ex- 
pense, save  that  of  transportation,  which  is 
paid  by  the  user.  The  library  has,  for  the 
use  of  persons  contemplating  such  a  loan,  a 
"repertory"  card  catalog,  showing,  so  far  as 
cards  have  been  printed,  the  contents  of  the 
Library  of  Congress,  the  John  Crerar  Library 
of  Chicago,  the  Harvard  University  Library 
and  the  University  of  Chicago  Library,  as 
well  as  occasional  books  of  interest  in  other 
large  libraries. 

The  second  staff  meeting  of  the  St.  Louis 
Public  Library  for  the  current  season  took 
the  form  of  an  anniversary  celebration  of  the 
opening  of  the  new  library  building,  and  was 
held  in  the  central  library  on  the  evening  of 
Monday,  January  6.  Mr.  Roger  N.  Baldwin, 
secretary  of  the  Civic  League,  delivered  an 
address  on  "Public  service  as  a  fine  art." 

San  Francisco  (Cal}  P.  L.  Robert  Rea, 
acting  Ibn.  (Rpt  — 1912.)  Accessions  18,413; 
net  accessions  12,731 ;  total  120,1051.  New 
registration  980;  total  38,454-  Circulation  821,- 
162.  Receipts  $105,650.25.  Expenditures  $79>- 
840.90  (books  $15,343.19,  periodicals  $1930.17, 
binding  $6124.98,  a  percentage  of  nearly  30  per 
cent,  of  the  total  income). 

The  library  has  only  9063  less  circulation 
than  the  largest  figures  ever  recorded  before 
the  destruction  of  the  library  in  April,  1906, 
when  it  had  40,352  more  volumes.  An  auto- 
mobile delivery  to  the  branches  and  deposit 
stations  has  been  instituted.  The  work  of  the 
main  library  and  its  branches  has  far  out- 
grown the  facilities  of  the  system,  and  the 
erection  of  a  new  main  library  building  and 
branches  is  contemplated.  Under  a  gift  of 
$750,000  from  Mr.  Carnegie,  $500,000  is  avail- 
able for  the  proposed  main  building,  and  such 
a  site  is  being  selected  that  the  new  building 
may  be  a  part  of  the  group  of  public  buildings 
which  are  to  form  the  new  civic  center. 

San  Jose  (Cal}  Free  P.  L.  (Rpt.  — year 
ending  Nov.  30,  1912.)  Nell  McGinley,  Ibn. 
Accessions  3008;  total  23,529.  Circulation 
100,202.  Receipts  $8897.03.  Expenditures 
$8895.55.  Of  the  fourteen  California  cities 
supporting  public  libraries,  the  population  of 


which  ranges  from  10,000  to  44,000  inhabitants,. 
San  Jose  received  the  lowest  per  capita  appro- 
priation for  1912.  The  library,  however,  shows 
an  increase  in  circulation  of  15,438. 

Sag  Harbor  (N.  F.),  John  Jermain  Memo- 
rial Library.  Mrs.  Olive  Pratt  Young,  Ibn. 
Accessions  1137;  total  7968.  Circulation  47,- 
396  (30,050  adult,  17,346  juvenile).  Sixty-five 
per  cent,  of  the  population  are  subscribers. 
Registration  2230.  Mrs.  Russell  Sage  has  en- 
dowed the  institution,  which  was  built  by  her 
in  memory  of  her  grandfather. 

Savannah  (Ga.}  P.  L.  William  Harden^ 
Ibn.  Accessions  4008;  total  45,850. 

Traverse  City  (Mich.}  P.  L.  Alice  M. 
Wait,  Ibn.  (Rpt  — 1912.)  Accessions  719; 
total  12,074.  Circulation  40,286.  Reading 
room  14,651.  New  patrons  690.  Total  regis- 
tration 5031.  Receipts  $4177.84.  Expendi- 
tures $3701.47.  Total  number  of  children  at 
the  story  hour  1962;  average  attendance  63. 

Utica  (N.  Y.}  P.  L.  C.  M.  Underbill,  Ibn. 
(20th  annual  rpt  — 1912.)  Accessions  5929; 
net  growth  3661;  total  68,310.  New  registra- 
tion 1047;  total  2351.  Circulation  194,308. 
German  1456 ;  Italian  649 ;  Yiddish  870 ;  Polish 
15355  French  252;  juvenile  46,615.  Attend- 
ance at  28  story  hours  890.  Exhibitions  6.  Of 
the  559  volumes  taken  out  under  special  vaca- 
tion privilege  215  were  non-fiction.  The  li- 
brary maintains  a  branch  with  a  circulation 
of  21,454  and  several  stations. 

Vineland  (N.  /.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  — 1912.)  Ac- 
cessions 696.  New  registration  579.  Circula- 
tion 44*225. 

Waco  (Tex.}  P.  L.  Gertrude  Matthews, 
Ibn.  (i2th  annual  rpt  — 1911-12.)  Net  acces- 
sions 1053;  total  13,679-  New  registration 
1203;  total  1648.  Registration  in  delivery  sta- 
tions 424.  Receipts  $437547-  Expenditures 
$4419.61. 

Warren  (O.)  P.  L.  Cornelia  G.  Smith,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.  —  1912.)  Accessions  1080;  total  15,011. 
Circulation  26,474.  Receipts  $4121;  expendi- 
tures $3347.23.  Branches  have  been  estab- 
lished in  the  Mahoning  Lamp  Works  and  the 
Trumbull  Magda  Lamp  Works,  and  a  dupli- 
cate pay  collection  in  the  main  library. 

Watertown,  N.  Y.    Flower  Memorial  L.    S. 
A.  Hayt,  Ibn.     (Rpt.  —  1912.)     Accessions  579 
Registration    803.      Circulation    78,314. 
closing  of  the  library  on   weekday   evenings 
has  greatly  reduced  the  circulation. 

Woburn  (Mass.}  L.  George  Hill  Evans, 
Ibn.  (Rpt— 1912.)  Accessions  070.  Circu- 
lation 60,022.  New  registration  742 ;  total  reg- 


February,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


125 


istration  3884.     The  ave 
ings  for  juveniles  was 
.83- 


e  number  of  lend- 
;   for  other  books 

ENGLISH 

Aberdeen  P.  L.  G.  M.  Fraser.  Ibn.  (Rpt.  — 
1912.)  Accessions  2155;  net  accessions  748. 
Total  lending  stock  38,132;  reference  dept.  47,- 
988;  tetal  77,129  vols.  and  8991  pamphlets. 
New  registration  3108;  total  registration  n,- 
515.  Circulation  359,497.  Receipts  £3360  155. 
3d.;  expenditures  £3461  155.  3d. 

Bolton.  Eng.  County  Borough  L.  Archi- 
bald Sparke,  Ibn.  (59th  rpt.  —  year  to  Oct. 
n,  1912.)  Accessions  4931;  total  129,489.  New 
registration  2145;  tetal  34,422  (18,153  ordinary 
tickets,  10,033  juvenile,  6236  non-fiction,  all 
exclusive  of  circulation  of  the  14  school  libra- 
ries). Circulation  508,484.  Estimated  number 
using  all  departments  1,203,176.  Receipts 
£6972  i8s.  9d.  ;  expenditures  £6717  145.  sd. 

Bradford,  Eng.  B.  Wood,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— 
year  to  Aug.  12,  1912.)  Accessions  8416;  total 
168,792.  Circulation  861,775.  Borrowers  18,- 
138. 


ant>  Cataloging 


AMERICAN  BIBLIOGRAPHY.  Evans,  C,  1850. 
American  bibliography ;  a  chronological 
dictionary  of  all  books,  pamphlets  and  peri- 
odical publications  printed  in  the  United 
States  of  America  from  the  genesis  of 
printing,  in  1639,  down  to  and  including  the 
year  18120;  with  bibliographical  and  bio- 
graphical notes,  v.  7,  1786-1789.  Chic., 
[The  author,  1413  Pratt  Ave.,  Rogers  Park.] 
424  p.  4°,  $15. 

AMERICAN  LITERATURE.  Pancoast,  H.  Spack- 
man.  An  introduction  to  American  litera- 
ture. 2d  ed.,  rev.  N.  Y.,  Holt.  c.  '12.  16+ 
2-r438  p.  (bibls.)  front,  pors.  12°,  $1.12. 

AMERICANA.  Anderson,  W.  H.  Library  of 
Nathaniel  C.  Reynal,  of  White  Plains,  N.  Y. 
Part  i,  Rare  Americana.  N.  Y.,  8°,  pap. 
(No.  085;  869  lots.) 

ANGHIERA,.  Pietro  Martire  d'.  De  orbe  novo, 
the  eight  Decades  of  Peter  Martyr  d'An- 
ghera;  tr.  from  the  Latin,  with  notes  and 
introd.  by  Fs.  Augustus  MacNutt.  N.  Y., 
Putnam.  2  v.  (5  p.  bibl.)  pors.  fold,  map, 
8°,  $12.50. 

ANTE-NICENE  CHURCH.  Warren,  F.  E.  The 
liturgy  and  ritual  of  the  ante-Nicene 
church.  2d  ed.,  rev.  N.  Y.,  E.  S.  Gorham, 
'12.  16+317  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (Side-lights 
of  church  history.)  $1.50. 

ANTHROPOLOGY.  Munro,  Rob.  Palaeolithic  man 
and  Terramara  settlements  in  Europe ;  being 
the  Munro  lectures  in  anthropology  and  pre- 


historic archaeology  in  connection  with  the 
University  of  Edinburgh;  delivered  during 
February  and  March,  1912;  with  75  pis.  and 
174  figs,  in  the  text.  N.  Y.,  Macmillan,  '12. 
23+507  P-  (bibl.)  $5.50. 

ARCHITECTURE.  Ries,  Heinrich.  Building 
stones  and  clay-products;  a  handbook  for 
architects.  N.  Y.,  Wiley,  c.  15+415  p.  (4 
p.  bibl.)  il.  pis.  maps,  (2  double)  diagrs,  (i 
double)  8°,  $3. 

ART.  Whitman,  Alfr.  Print  collector's  hand- 
book. 6th  ed.,  rev.  and  enl.,  with  additional 
chapters ;  ed.  by  Malcolm  C.  Salaman.  N. 
Y.,  Macmillan.  c.  21+376  p.  (bibls.)  il.  8°, 
$4- 

BOOKS  AND  READING.  Collard,  A.  Catalogues 
alphabetique  des  livres  brochures  et  cartes, 
Tome  2,  Fascicule  I.  Brussels.  4°,  pap. 
(8563  titles.) 

Quaritch,    Bernard.      Catalogue    of    rare 

and  valuable  books,  including  works  on 
Africa,  America,  Bibles,  bibliography,  early 
printed  books,  European  history  and  litera- 
ture, fine  arts,  mss.,  palaeography  and  fas- 
similes  of  mss.,  and  a  selection  of  impor- 
tant new  books.  London.  8°,  pap.  (No.  321 ; 
608  titles.) 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  Revista  della  biblioteche  e 
degli  archiv.  Periodico  di  biblioteconomia 
e  di  bibliografia  di  paleografia  di  archivis- 
tica  diretto  dal  Dolt.  Guido  Biagi,  biblio- 
tecario  della  Mediceo-Laurenziana  e  della 
Riccardiana.  Florence,  p.  133-180,  4°,  pap. 

BYZANTINE  CHURCHES.  Millingen,  Alex.  Van. 
Byzantine  churches  in  Constantinople;  their 
history  and  architecture;  il.  with  maps  and 
plans.  N.  Y.,  Macmillan,  '12.  29+352  p. 
(bibl.)  8°,  $9-50. 

CHINA.  Chung  Yu  Wang.  Bibliography  to 
the  mineral  wealth  and  geology  of  China. 
Phil.,  Lippincott,  '12.  63  p.  il.  pis.  maps,  12°, 
$1.25. 

CHRISTMAS  BOOKS.  Chicago  P.  L.  Bull.,  D., 
'12.  Christmas  books,  p.  146-9,  8°,  pap. 

COAL.  Rey,  Jules.  Catalogue  de  la  houille 
blanche;  Table  decennale  de  la  houille 
blanche,  ouvrages  scientifiqucs,  relatifs  a 
la  houille  blanche,  hydralique  electricite, 
legislation,  electrochemie,  cement,  papier. 
Grenoble,  France,  p.  30-80,  pap. 

COLONIAL  NEWSPAPERS.  Cook,  Eliz.  Christine. 
Literary  influences  in  colonial  newspapers, 
1704-1750.  N.  Y.,  Lemcke  &  B.  c.  '12,  11+ 
279  P.  (7  P-  bibl.)  8°,  (Columbia  Univ.  stu- 
dies in  English  and  comparative  literature.) 
$1.50.. 

CONCRETE.  Properties  (The)  and  design  of 
reinforced  concrete;  instructions,  author- 
ized methods  of  calculation,  experimental 
results  and  reports  by  the  French  govern- 
ment commissions  on  reinforced  concrete ; 
tr.  and  abr.  by  Nathaniel  Martin.  N.  Y., 


126 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  1913 


Van  Nostrand,  '12.  14+119  p.  (2^p.  bibl.) 
8°,  $2.50. 

COTTON  PLANT.  Balls,  W.  Lawrence.  The 
cotton  plant  in  physiology  and  genetics. 
N.  Y.,  Macmillan.  16+202  p.  (bibls.)  il.  8°, 
$1.60. 

COUNTRY  LIFE.  Carney,  Mabel.  Country  life 
and  the  country  school;  a  study  of  the 
agencies  of  rjiiral  progress  and  of  the  so- 
cial relationship  of  the  school  to  the  coun- 
try community.  Chic.,  Row,  Peterson,  c. 
22+405  p.  (bibls.)  il.  12°,  $1.25. 

DOMESTIC  SCIENCE.  Am.  Sch.  Home  Econom- 
ics. Handbook  of  food  and  diet;  a  com- 
plete food  course,  comprising:  Chemistry 
of  the  household,  by  Marg.  E.  Dodd;  Prin- 
ciples of  cookery,  by  Anna  Barrows;  Food 
and  dietetics,  by  A.  P.  Norton.  Chic,  (bibl.) 
il.  pis.  tabs.,  diagrs.,  12°,  $2. 

Handbook  of   housekeeping ;   a  complete 

"house"  course,  comprising :  The  house ;  its 
plan,  decoration  and  care,  by  Isabel  Beyier; 
Household  hygiene,  by  S.  Maria  Elliott; 
Household  management,  by  Bertha  M.  Ter- 
rill.  Chic.,  Am.  Sch.  of  Home  Economics, 
(bibl.)  il.  pis.  plans,  forms,  12°,  $2. 

ECONOMICS.  Streightoff,  Fk.  Hatch.  The 
distribution  of  incomes  in  the  United 
States.  N.  Y.,  Longmans,  c.  171  p.  (4^2  p. 
bibl.)  tabs.,  8°,  (Columbia  Univ.  studies  in 
history,  economics  and  public  law.)  pap., 
$1.50. 

ECONOMICS  AND  SOCIOLOGY.  Farnam,  H.  W. 
Bibliography  of  the  department  of  econom- 
ics and  sociology.  Wash.,  D.  C.,  Carnegie 
Inst.  17  p.  4°,  pap. 

EDUCATION.  Holmes,  W.  H.  School  organi- 
zation and  the  individual  child ;  a  book  for 
school  executives  and  teachers;  being  an 
exposition  of  plans  that  have  been  evolved 
to  adapt  school  organization  to  the  needs 
of  individual  children,  normal,  supernormal 
and  subnormal.  Worcester,  Mass.,  Davis 
Press,  c.  211  p.  (14  p.  bibl.)  il.  diagrs.,  8°, 
$2. 

—  Kemp,  Ellwood  Leitheiser.  History  of 
education.  Phil.,  Lippincott.  c.  '12.  23+17- 
385  p.  (5  p.  bibl.)  12°,  (Lippincott  educa- 
tional sen;  ed.  by  M.  G.  Brumbaugh.)  $1.25. 

United  States.  Bureau  of  Education 

Bull.  List  of  publications  of  the  United 
States  Bureau  of  Education  available  for 
free  distribution.  September,  1912.  Wash., 
D.  C.,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  37  p.  8°,  pap. 

EDUCATION,  VOCATIONAL.  Weeks,  Ruth  Mary. 
The  people's  school;  a  study  in  vocational 
training.  Bost,  Houghtpn  Mifflin.  c.  8+207 
p.  (8  p.  bibl.)  12°,  (Riverside  educational 
monographs.)  60  c. 

ENGINEERING.  Gebhardt,  G.  F.  Steam  power 
plant  engineering.  3d  ed.,  rev.  and  enl.  N. 
Y.,  Wiley.  30+902  p.  (bibl.)  il.  diagrs.,  8°, 
$6. 


Tyrrell,     H.     Grattan.       Engineering    of 

shops  and  factories.     N.  Y.,  McGraw-Hill, 
c.  '12.  17+399  P-  (6  p.  bibl.)  il.  diagrs.,  8°, 

$4- 

EUROPEAN  HISTORY.  Robinson,  Ja.  Harvey, 
and  Beard,  C.  Austin.  .  Outlines  of  Euro- 
pean history,  pt.  2,  from  the  opening  of 
the  eighteenth  century  to  the  present  day. 
Bost.,  Ginn.  c.  '07-' 12.  9+555  p.  (15  p.  bibl.) 
pis.  maps,  12°,  $1.60. 

FLORA,  ARCTIC.  Lloyd,  Lib.  Bibliography  re- 
lating to  the  floras  of  Arctic  regions:  Ice- 
land, Scandinavia,  Denmark,  Norway,  Swe- 
den, Russia,  Finland,  Lapland,  Russian  Po- 
land, and  Caucasia.  Cin.  311-354  p.  8°, 
(Bibliographical  contributions.)  (Not  for 
sale.) 

FORBIDDEN  BOOKS.  Betten,  Fs.  Sales.  The 
Roman  Index  of  forbidden  books,  briefly 
explained  for  Catholic  booklovers  and  stu- 
dents; with  a  summary  of  the  Index.  3d 
enl.  ed.  St.  Louis,  Herder.  6+69  p.  35  c. 

FRANKLIN,  BENJAMIN.  Franklin,  B.  Frank- 
lin's autobiography;  ed.  by  Fk.  Woodworth 
Pine.  N.  Y.,  Holt.  c.  30+231  p.  (4  p.  bibl.) 
il.  por.  16°,  (English  readings  for  schools.) 
35  c. 

GASCONY.  Marsh,  Fk.  Burr.  English  rule  in 
Gascony,  1199-1259,  with  special  reference 
to  the  towns;  a  thesis  submitted  to  the  fac- 
ulty of  the  Department  of  Literature,  Sci- 
ence and  the  Arts  of  the  University  of 
Michigan,  1906.  Ann  Arbor,  Univ.  of  Mich, 
c.  '12.  11+178  p.  (6  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (Historical 
studies.)  $1.25. 

HEBBEL,  FRIEDRICH.  Gubelmann,  Alb.  Studies 
in  the  lyric  poems  of  Friedrich  Hebbel ;  the 
sensuous  in  Hebbel's  lyric  poetry.  New 
Haven,  Ct.,  Yale  Univ.  c.  18+317  p.  (6  p. 
bibl.)  12°,  $2.25. 

HERALDRY,  Scottish.  Johnston,  G.  Harvey. 
Scottish  heraldry  made  easy.  2d  ed.  N.  Y., 
[Scribner.]  15+221  p.  (20  p.  bibl.)  figs.  12°, 
$2. 

HORNIMAN  MUSEUM.  Handbook  of  the  Hor- 
niman  Museum.  Published,  London,  by  the 
County  Council.  Post  free,  12  cents.  Gives 
under  250  headings,  mostly  scientific  or  re- 
lating to  popular  natural  history,  reading 
lists,  with  an  author  index.  W :  B. 

HOUSE  DECORATION.  Rothery,  Guy  Cadogan. 
Staircases  and  garden  steps.  N.  Y.,  Stokes. 
12+250  p.  (4l/2  p.  bibl.)  D.  (House  decora- 
tion ser.)  $1.50. 

HYGIENE.  Terman,  Lewis  M.  The  teacher's 
health;  a  study  in  the  hygiene  of  an  occu- 
pation. Bost.,  Houghton  Mifflin.  c.  13+136 
P-  (&/2  P-  bibl.)  16°,  (Riverside  educational 
monographs ;  ed.  by  H.  Suzzalo.)  60  c. 

IDYLLS  OF  THE  KING.  Tennyson,  Alfr.,  Lord. 
Selections  from  Tennyson's  Idylls  of  the 
king;  ed.  by  J:  Erskine.  N.  Y.,  Holt.  c.  '12. 


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127 


31+178  p.  (3  p.  bibl.)  por.  16°,  (English 
readings  for  schools.)  30  c. 

INCUNABULA,  HEBREW.      Rosenthal,    Ludwig. 

Hebraische  Inkunabeln,    1475-1490,    mit    33 

Faksimiles.  Munich,  f °,  pap.  (No.  151 ;  68 
titles.) 

JESUS  THE  CHRIST.  Thorburn,  T:  Ja.  Jesus 
the  Christ;  historical  or  mythical?;  a  reply 
to  Professor  Drews'  Die  Christusmythe.  N. 
Y.,  [Scribner.]  19+311  p.  (14^  P-  bibl.)  8°, 
$2.50. 

JEWELRY.  Perciyal,  Maclyer.  Chats  on  old 
jewelry  and  trinkets;  with  nearly  300  illus- 
trations. N.  Y.,  Stokes.  384  p.  (4  p.  bibl.) 
8°,  (Collector's  ser.)  $2. 

KEWEENAW  SERIES.  Lane,  Alfr.  Church.  The 
Keweenaw  series  of  Michigan;  pub.  as  a 
part  of  the  Annual  report  of  the  Board  of 
Geological  and  Biological  Survey  for  1909. 
2  v.  Lansing,  Mich.,  Mich.  Geological  Sur- 
vey, '11.  (6  p.  bibl.)  il.  pis.  (partly  col.) 
fold,  map,  diagrs.,  and  portfolio  of  fold, 
maps  and  fold,  diagrs.,  8°,  (Mich.  Geolog- 
ical and  Biological  Survey  pub.,  Geological 
ser.)  $3. 

LEGISLATION.  Bacon,  Edn.  Munroe,  and  Wy- 
man,  Morrill.  Direct  elections  and  law- 
making  by  popular  vote ;  the  initiative,  the 
referendum,  the  recall,  commission  govern- 
ment for  cities,  preferential  voting.  Bost, 
Houghton  Mifflin.  c.  '12.  4+167  p.  (3  p. 
bibl.)  forms  (ballots),  12°,  $i. 

LEGISLATION.  University  of  Wisconsin  Uni- 
versity Extension  Division.  Dept.  of  Debat- 
ing and  Public  Discussion.  Popular  election 
of  United  States  senators.  2d  rev.  ed.  Mad- 
ison, Wis., '12.  9  p.  (3^  p.  bibl.)  12°,  (Univ. 
of  Wis.  buH.,  General  ser.)  pap.,  5  c. 

LINCOLN,  PRESIDENT.  Whitman,  Walt.  Me- 
moirs of  President  Lincoln.  Portland,  Me., 
T.  B.  Mosher.  c.  various  p.  (bibl.)  por,  f°, 

$3- 

LIP-READING.  Nitchie,  E.  Bartlett.  Lip-read- 
ing principles  and  practise;  a  handbook  for 
teachers  and  for  self-instruction.  N.  Y., 
Stokes,  c.  14+324  P-  (13  P-  bibl.)  12°,  $1.50. 

LITERATURE  AND  HISTORY,  ENGLISH.  Quaritch, 
Bernard.  Catalogue  of  books  in  English 
literature  and  history.  Pt.  II.,  Dickens — 
Lindsay.  8°,  pap.  (No.  322;  2265  titles.) 

MEDICINE.  Am.  Med.  Assoc.  Committee  on 
Public  Health  and  Education  Among  Wo- 
men. List  of  books  on  the  prevention  of 
disease.  Chic.  14  p.  8°,  gratis. 

Am.  Sch.  of  Home  Economics.    Handbook 

of  health  and  nursing;  a  complete  home- 
study  course,  comprising  Household  bac- 
teriology, by  S.  Maria  Elliott;  Personal 
hygiene,  by  Maurice  Le  Bosquet;  Home 
care  of  the  sick,  by  Amy  E.  Pope.  Chic. 
(bibls.)  il.  pis.  12°,  $2. 


—  Bibliographic  des  livres  Frangais  de  med- 
icine et  des  sciences,  1900-12.  Paris,  Sec- 
tion de  Medicine  du  Syndicat  des  Editeurs. 
134  p.  8°,  pap. 

Deuticke,     Franz.       Klinische     Medizin, 

Alte  Arzte,  Geschichte  der  Medizin,  Ana- 
tomic, Physiologic,  Zoologie,  Anthropologie, 
Neurologic,  Psychiatric,  etc.  Vienna.  8°, 
pap.  (No.  92;  1687  titles.) 

MUNICIPAL  GOVERNMENT.  Beard,  C.  Austin. 
American  city  government ;  a  survey  of 
newer  tendencies.  N.  Y.,  Century  Co.  c. 
9+420  p.  (4l/2  p.  bibl.)  pis.  8°,  $2. 

NORTH  AMERICA.  Willis,  Bailey.  Index  to  the 
stratigraphy  of  North  America;  accom- 
panied by  a  geologic  map  of  North  Amer- 
ica, compiled  by  the  United  States  Geolog- 
ical Survey  in  cooperation  with  the  Geo- 
logical Survey  of  Canada  and  the  Instituto 
Geologico  de  Mexico  under  the  supervision 
of  Bailey  Willis  and  G.  W.  Stose.  Wash., 
D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  894  p.  (25  p.  bibl.)  Q. 
(U.  S.,  Dept.  of  the  Interior,  U.  S.  Geolog- 
ical Survey,  Professional  pap.)  pap. 

NURSING.  Dock,  Lavinia  L.  A  history  of  nurs- 
ing from  the  earliest  times  to  the  present 
day;  with  special  reference  to  the  work  of 
the  past  thirty  years.  In  4  v.  vs.  3,  4;  ea. 
with  34  illustrations.  N.  Y.,  Putnam  c.  '12. 
16+340;  7+338  p.  (6  p.  bibl.)  8°,  $5. 

OLD  BOOKS.  Merlino.  Livres  anciens.  Rome. 
8°,  pap.  (No.  20;  206  titles.) 

ORIENTAL  LITERATURE.  Morice,  Eugene  L. 
Books  on  British  India  and  the  Near  East, 
China,  the  Far  East,  Australasia;  being  a 
fine  collection  of  rare  and  valuable  books 
and  pamphlets  on  their  antiquity,  arts,  cus- 
toms, commerce,  history,  etc.  London, 
W.  C.  8°,  pap.  (No.  17;  1033  titles.) 

OSBORN,  HENRY  FAIRFIELD.  Ripley,  H.  Ernes- 
tine. Bibliography  of  the  published  writ- 
ings of  Henry  Fairfield  Osborn  for  the 
years  1877-1910.  Lancaster,  Pa.,  New  Era 
Pr.  26  p.  8°,  pap.,  gratis. 

PANAMA.  Forbes-Lindsay,  C.  Harcourt  Ains- 
lie.  Panama  and  the  canal  to-day;  an  his- 
torical account  of  the  canal  project  from 
the  earliest  times,  with  special  reference  to 
the  enterprises  of  the  French  company  and 
the  United  States;  with  a  detailed  descrip- 
tion of  the  waterway  as  it  will  be. ultimately 
constructed;  together  with  a  brief  history 
of  the  country  and  the  first  comprehensive 
account  of  its  physical  features  and  natural 
resources;  with  53  il.  from  recent,  photo- 
graphs and  5  maps.  New  rev.  ed.  Bost., 
Page.  c.  '12.  3+5-13+474  P-  (5  P-  bibl.)  pis. 
fold,  map,  8°,  $3. 

POETRY.  Schiller,  Johann  Christophe  Friedrich 
von.  Kabale  und  liebe;  ein  biirgerliches 
trauerspiel;  ed.,  with  introd.,  notes  and  ap- 
pendix, by  W :  Addison  Hervey.  N.  Y.,  Holt. 


128 


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[February,  1913 


c.  '12.  1084-279  p.  (10  p.  bibl.)  por.  pis.  12°, 
$1.25- 

POLITICS  AND  RELIGION.  Humphrey,  E.  Fk. 
Politics  and  religion  in  the  days  of  Augus- 
tine. N.  Y.,  [The  author,  110  West  34th  St.] 
5-220  p.  (6  p.  bibl.)  8°,  $1.50. 

PSYCHOLOGY.  Brett,  G.  Sidney.  A  history  of 
psychology,  ancient  and  patristic.  N.  Y., 
Macmillan,  '12.  20+388  p.  (bibls.)  8°,  $2.75. 

PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS.  N.  Y.  P.  L.  Bull,  D.,  '12. 
List  of  city  charters,  ordinances  and  col- 
lected documents.  Pt.  III.  p.  885-947,  4°, 
pap. 

United  States.  Superintendent  of  Docu- 
ments. Checklist  of  United  States  public 
documents,  1789-1909,  congressional :  to  close 
of  Sixtieth  Congress;  departmental:  to  end 
of  calendar  year  1909.  3d  ed.,  rev.  and  enl. ; 
comp.  under  direction  of  the  Superintendent 
of  Documents.  Wash.,  D.  C.,  Gov.  Pr.  Off. 
'ii.  8°,  $1.50. 

REED,  WALTER.  Kelly,  Howard  Atwood.  Wal- 
ter Reed  and  yellow  fever.  New  and  rev. 
ed.  Bait.,  Medical  Standard  Bk.  Co.,  [307 
N.  Charles  St.]  c.  '06.  19+310  p.  (3  p.  bibl.) 
pors.  12°,  $1.50. 

RELIGION.  Lectures  on  the  history  of  relig- 
ions. St.  Louis,  B.  Herder,  '12.  5  v.  (bibls.) 
12°,  ea.,  60  c. 

RELIGIOUS  LITERATURE.  Cambridge  (Mass.) 
Church  L.  Assoc.  List  of  books  recom- 
mended for  Sunday  school  and  parish  libs, 
by  the  Church  Lib.  Assoc.  22  p.  12°,  pap. 

SCIENCE.  Schoningh,  Ferdinand.  Biicher  aus 
alien  Wissenschaf ten ;  Deutsche  Literatur 
Arnim,  Brentano,  Goethe,  Schiller ;  Fran- 
zosische  und  englische  Literatur ;  Philoso- 
phic, Geschichte,  Biographien  Kunst,  etc. 
Osnabriick.  8°,  pap.  (No.  143;  1570  titles.) 

SOCIAL  ECONOMICS.  Winder,  Phyllis  D.  The 
public  feeding  of  elementary  school  chil- 
dren ;  a  review  of  the  general  situation,  and 
an  inquiry  into  Birmingham  experience; 
with  a  preface  by  Councillor  Norman  Cham- 
berlain. N.  Y.,  Longmans.  11+84  p.  (2  p. 
bibl.)  8°,  (Birmingham  studies  in  social 
economics  and  adjacent  fields.)  pap.,  75  c. 

SOCIOLOGY.  Devine,  E.  T.  The  family  and 
social  work.  N.  Y.,  Assn.  Press,  c.  163  p. 
(5  p.  bibl.)  12°,  60  c. 

—  Ellwood,    C.    Abram.      Sociology    in    its 
psychological  aspects.     N.  Y.,  Appleton.  c. 
13+416  p.  (8  p.  bibl.)  8°,  $3. 

—  Griggs,  E.  Howard.    Human  progress ;  a 
study  of   modern   civilization;   a  handbook 
of   eight   lectures.     N.   Y.,   Huebsch.   52   p. 
(4l/2  p.  bibl.)  pap.,  25  c. 

SPIDERS.  Comstock,  J.  H.  The  spider  book; 
a  manual  for  the  study  of  the  spiders  and 


their  near  relatives,  the  scorpions,  pseudo- 
scorpions,  whip-scorpions,  harvestmen,  and 
other  members  of  the  class  Arachnida, 
found  in  America  north  of  Mexico ;  with 
analytical  keys  for  their  classification,  and 
popular  accounts  of  their  habits.  Garden 
City,  N.  Y.,  Doubleday,  Page.  c.  '12.  15+ 
721  p.  (16  p.  bibl.)  il.  8°,  $4- 

SPORTING  BOOKS.  Anderson,  W.  H.  Library  of 
Nathaniel  C.  Reynal,  of  White  Plains,  N.  Y. 
Part  2,  Sporting  books.  N.  Y.,  8°,  pap.  (No. 
986;  324  lots.) 

THEOLOGICAL  BOOKS.  Higham,  Charles  &  Son. 
Useful  and  otherwise  valuable  theological 
books  of  all  kinds,  chiefly  modern  and  sec- 
ond-hand, including  many  items.  London, 
E.  C.  8°,  pap.  (No.  515 ;  2455  titles.) 

TRAVEL.  Rey,  Jules.  Etrennes  du  touriste, 
editions  de  grand  luxe  illustrees  en  photo- 
typie  relative  aux  Alpes,  au  pays  de  Jeanne 
d'Arc,  aux  pays  de  Napoleon;  editions  sci- 
entifiques  de  la  Houille  Blanche.  France. 
16  p.  pap. 

VENEZUELA.  Dalton,  Leonard  V.  Venezuela; 
with  a  map  and  34  illustrations.  N.  Y., 
Scribner.  320  p.  (27  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (South 
American  ser.)  $3. 

ZOOLOGY.  Stiles,  C.  Wardell,  and  Hassall,  Alb. 
Index  catalogue  of  medical  and  veterinary 
zoology:  subjects,  Cestoda  and  Cestodaria. 
Wash.,  D.  C.,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  467  p.  8°, 
(U.  S.,  Hygienic  Laby.  bull.)  pap. 

fwmors  an&  JSlun&ers 


Dear   Mr.    H. :    This    little    Christmas   thought 
Goes   to   you   with   all   friendly   memories  fraught; 
May  the  New  Year  for  you  and  yours  be  bright, 
May  your   new   building  take   on   form   and   height. 
May  branches  thrive   for  you   on  every  hand; 
May   funds   be   plenteous  as   the   seashore   sand; 
May  legislators  smile  upon  your  need; 
May    press    and    public    yield    you    well-earned    need; 
May  your  old  news  files  cease  to  crack  and  shrivel, 
May  you,  upon  the  golf  links  beat  the  divvil! 
May  all  good  things — and  more  than  these  I'm  tellin' — 
Be  granted  you. 

Affectionately,    H . 

H.   G.   H. 


Xtbrarp  Calenfcar 

FEBRUARY 

10.     Penn  L.  C.,  Philadelphia. 

io?-i5?.  Western  Mass  L.  C.,  Northampton. 

28-Mr.  i.     N.  J.  L.  A.  and  Penn  L.  C,  Bi-state 

annual  meeting. 
5-7.    Wis.  L.  A.,  Wausau. 
MARCH 

Mr.     Old  Colony  L.  C 

Ma.?-Je.?  Mass.  L.  C.  annual  meeting  at 
Williamstown. 

Je.  23- Aug.  i.  Penn.  Summer  School  for  Li- 
brary Workers. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


VOL.  38 


MARCH,   1913 


No.  3 


"No  matter  who  you  are,  or  what  your 
work  or  business  is,  we  can  help  you — come 
to  us,"  is  the  summation  by  a  newspaper  wri- 
ter of  the  tenor  of  the  annual  report  of  the 
New  York  Public  Library,  and  though  not 
from  an  interview  with  Dr.  Billings,  as  might 
be  inferred  from  the  text,  pithily  expresses 
both  the  spirit  of  the  library  and  of  the  Amer- 
ican public  library  system.  New  York's  cir- 
culation for  1912,  7,969,664,  gives  an  average 
of  2.6  volumes  per  capita  for  the  estimated 
population  of  3,061,000  in  its  immediate 
bailiwick  of  Manhattan,  Bronx  and  Rich- 
mond boroughs;  almost  exactly  the  same 
as  last  year,  and  slightly  better  than  the 
2.4  of  the  Brooklyn  system.  This  is  some- 
what below  the  average  in  smaller  places,  and 
there  is  still  a  vast  unexplored  field  of  readers 
before  the  metropolitan  libraries.  As  the  li- 
brary of  the  largest  circulation  in  the  world, 
the  record  of  the  New  York  Public  Library 
is  of  unique  interest,  and  its  report  is  really 
of  national  importance. 


IT  is  proverbial  that  a  book  owned  is  worth 
many  times  a  book  borrowed,  and  it  should 
be  an  axiom  that  the  purpose  of  the  public 
library  system  is  to  promote  good  reading, 
outside  as  well  as  inside  its  jurisdiction.  Pride 
of  circulation  has  led  some  librarians  so  far 
as  to  suggest  that  there  is  no  reason  why 
people  should  buy  books  when  they  can  ob- 
tain them  for  nothing  from  the  public  library. 
This  overlooks,  or,  rather,  antagonizes,  the 
proper  view  of  the  purpose  of  the  public  li- 
brary: that  it  should  not  spend  the  public 
money  where  private  means  can  better  accom- 
plish the  end.  The  library  is  only  a  part  of 
the  larger  system  of  public  education  in  which 
not  only  the  school  and  the  college,  but  the 
bookstore  and  the  personally  owned  book  are 
also  a  part.  Mr.  Mumford's  paper  on  the 
relations  that  should  exist  between  the  libra- 
rian and  the  bookseller  is  altogether  in  the 
right  direction.  Cooperation  between  the  libra- 
rian and  the  bookseller  can  be  very  fruitful  of 
good  result,  and  it  is  unfortunate  that  for  one 
reason  or  another  the  two  classes  have  come 
to  look  upon  each  other  askance.  There 
was  once  a  proposition  that  the  library  should 
become  a  local  bookstore,  and  thus  do  away 
\\ith  the  commercial  element  in  bookselling. 


But  this  would  be  going  far  afield,  and  would 
involve  the  library  system  in  the  losses  as  well 
as  gains  of  trade.  Far  better  is  it  that  the 
librarian  should  be  the  wise  guide  of  the 
bookseller  in  helping  him  to  select  the  best 
books,  especially  those  for  children,  and  that 
the  bookseller  should  feel  that  the  librarian 
is  behind  him  rather  than  against  him  in  pro- 
moting good  reading  through  the  sale  of  the 
best  books.  Mr.  Mumford  brings  together 
much  of  the  experience  of  libraries  in  such 
cooperation,  and  his  paper  is  full  of  sugges- 
tions that  should  be  heeded. 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  training  in  college  and,  in- 
deed, in  the  schools,  is  not  at  all  a  question 
of  professional  education,  though  it  is  the 
library  profession  which  should  emphasize  its 
need.  There  are  certain  courses  in  education 
which  are  both  labor-saving  and  time-saving- 
and  instead  of  increasing  the  amount  of  work 
and  the  number  of  hours  required  for  edu- 
cation, really  diminish  these.  Amongst  such, 
the  knowledge  of  how  to  find  and  how  to  use 
a  book  is  of  the  first  importance.  This  study 
should  not  be  overlooked  in  the  grammar 
grades,  for  the  key  to  the  library  should  be 
furnished  all  the  more  to  children  who  will 
never  get  to  the  high  school  or  the  college, 
but  who,  nevertheless,  should  use  books  all 
their  lives  and  should,  consequently,  be  told 
how  to  use  them  to  best  advantage.  Other- 
wise not  only  is  an  enormous  amount  of  time 
wasted,  both  by  the  user  of  books  and,  inci- 
dentally, by  the  library  staff  in  serving  him, 
but  a  person  may  not  even  know  that  certain 
lines  of  information,  pertinent  to  and  prac- 
tical in  his  life,  may  be  had  from  books,  quite 
aside  from  the  inspiration  which  also  should 
be  had  from  books.  The  knowledge  of  the 
use  of  logarithms  is  a  similar  example  of  a 
subject  auxiliary  to  the  study  of  mathematics, 
which  means  an  enormous  saving  in  practical 
life;  and  the  slide  rule  is  another  device  which 
is  literally  a  tool  for  intellectual  work.  These, 
however,  are  much  more  technical,  and  do 
not  cover  so  wide  a  field  of  usefulness  as 
does  bibliographical  training.  This  corre- 
sponds, in  fact,  to  the  value  of  typewriting 
and  stenography  as  labor-saving  devices;  and 
it  is  especially  interesting  here  to  note  that 
President  Woodrow  Wilson  has,  throughout 


130 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


his  life,  made  practical  use  of  shorthand  and 
typewriting,  putting  his  addresses  in  form 
through  shorthand,  as  he  has  recently  done 
in  the  case  of  his  inaugural.  The  libraries 
should  be  ready  to  advise  students  of  all 
grades  to  avail  themselves  of  such  helps  as 
these,  because  in  this  way  there  will  be  more 
time  for  reading  and  better  reading. 

EFFICIENCY,  a  word  now  rather  fashionable, 
may  mean  either  social  or  mechanical  effec- 
tiveness on  the  part  of  the  worker,  and  it  is 
perhaps  the  human  side  which  should  rightly 
be  emphasized  in  library  relations.  This  can- 
not be  determined  by  any  mechanical,  physio- 
logical or  even  psychological  tests,  for  the 
relation  of  one  human  being  with  other  hu- 
man beings  cannot  be  gauged  by  any  appa- 
ratus. Yet  there  is  a  standard  by  which  such 
efficiency  may  be  measured,  and  the  report 
paper  which  Mr.  Bostwick  has  prepared  is  a 
very  useful  illustration  of  what  may  be  done 
in  this  direction.  Such  efficiency  records  as 
these  are  useful,  first  of  all,  to  the  executive 
in  relation  to  appointment  and  promotion,  but 
they  have  another  usefulness,  though  this  is 
difficult  to  make  effective  without  disturbing 
social  equilibrium.  To  an  individual  worker 
who  wants  to  know  how  to  better  personal 
work  and  improve  his  personal  position,  the 
opinions  of  his  immediate  chief  and  co- 
workers  are  most  valuable;  and,  therefore, 
such  records  should  be  of  peculiar  value  to 
the  person  whose  character  and  work  are 
thus  passed  upon,  if  that  person  is  sufficiently 
broadminded  to  take  advantage  of,  instead  of 
to  resent,  such  evaluation.  While  it  is  the 
human  side  of  efficiency  that  has  to  be  empha- 
sized, yet  there  is  a  good  deal  on  the  mechan- 
ical side,  with  respect  to  the  use  of  labor- 
saving  and  time-saving  methods  and  devices, 
of  which  account  should  be  taken  in  libraries. 
In  this  field,  Mr.  W.  P.  Cutter  has  for  some 
time  been  making  observations,  and,  happily, 
it  is  his  intention  at  a  later  date  to  put  his 
results  before  the  library  profession. 


purpose,  presented  by  Senator  La  Follette,  is 
in  itself  a  model  of  bill  drafting,  for  it  makes 
the  necessary  provision  and  gives  the  neces- 
sary power  in  the  simplest  form,  without 
cumbering  the  bill  with  administrative  details 
which  can  be  best  worked  out  in  the  course 
of  the  development  of  such  bureaus.  This 
administrative  detail  in  legislative  measures 
has  been  a  curse  to  the  economic  organization 
of  governmental  bureaus,  and  Post  Office  leg- 
islation has  been  peculiarly  obnoxious  in  this 
way.  Senator  La  Follette's  bill  provides  for 
a  Bill  Drafting  Bureau  outside  the  Library 
of  Congress,  and  whether  or  not  such  a 
bureau  should  be  under  the  direct  supervision 
of  the  legislature,  inviting  the  possible  dan- 
gers of  partisanship,  or  be  connected  with  the 
official  library,  now  almost  universally  non- 
partisan,  is  fairly  a  matter  of  question.  A  bill 
for  creating  a  Bill  Drafting  Bureau  in  con- 
nection with  the  State  Library  has  been  in- 
troduced in  the  New  York  Legislature  by 
Assemblyman  Hinman,  and  New  York  is  likely 
before  very  long  to  follow  the  good  example 
of  Wisconsin  and  other  states.  The  Hinman 
bill  is,  however,  open  to  criticism,  as  going 
overmuch  into  detail,  and  a  simpler  measure 
would  be  preferable. 


THE  plan  for  developing,  the  legislative  ref- 
erence features  of  the  Library  of  Congress 
and  the  establishment  of  a  Bill  Drafting 
Bureau,  either  within  or  without  the  library, 
is  again  before  Congress,  and  is  likely,  if  not 
in  the  present  session,  at  least  during  the  next 
Congress,  to  become  law.  The  bill  for  this 


As  a  library  post,  i.  e.,  a  lower  rate  for 
books,  is  not  made  part  of  the  postal  appro- 
priation bill,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  it  may  be 
brought  forward  at  the  extra  session  of  Con- 
gress, and  that  enough  pressure  will  be 
brought  to  bear  upon  Senate  and  House  to 
insure  its  adoption.  Under  the  parcels  post 
bill,  the  Postmaster-General  was  given  wide 
power  to  modify  everything  except  classifica- 
tion, but  in  this  respect  his  hands  were  tied. 
Books  were  excluded  from  parcels  post  ad- 
vantages because  the  parcels  post  was  specifi- 
cally confined  to  fourth-class  or  merchandise 
matter.  Books  should  certainly  have  the  ben- 
efit of  the  parcels  post  rates,  but  in  the  farther 
zones  the  inclusion  of  them  would  increase 
instead  of  decrease  the  present  rate.  A  prac- 
tical proposition  is  that  to  make  books  and 
other  printed  matter  four  cents  a  pound,  giv- 
ing them  also  the  benefits  of  the  parcels  post 
where  this  would  be  an  advantage.  Librarians 
should  be  on  the  alert  to  use  their  influence 
in  this  direction,  for  such  a  rate  would  be  of 
benefit  to  the  whole  people,  directly  as  well 
as  through  the  agency  of  the  libraries. 


March,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


EFFICIENCY  RECORDS  IN  LIBRARIES 
BY  ARTHUR  E.  BOSTWICK,  Librarian,  St.  Louis  Public  Library 


IN  an  article  entitled  "Service  systems  in 
libraries,"  printed  in  the  June  number  of  this 
journal,  the  present  writer  gave  the  result  of 
his  experience  in  formulating  and  establish- 
ing such  systems  of  service  in  four  large 
libraries,  and,  incidentally,  stated  his  conclu- 
sion that  such  systems  should  always  remain 
in  the  control  of  the  library  authorities. 

While  the  plans  therein  described  work 
satisfactorily  from  an  inside  standpoint,  they 
are  defective  in  one  particular — that  of  com- 
plete record.  This  is  most  important  in  case 
of  investigation  by  competent  authority.  While 
direct  control  of  a  library  service  system  by 
an  outside  body,  such  as  a  municipal  or  other 
civil  service  board,  is  objectionable,  there  can 
certainly  be  no  objection  to  the  requirement, 
by  municipal  charter  or  state  law,  that  the 
library  service  be  organized  and  operated  on 
the  merit  system,  which  requirement  presup- 
poses occasional  inquiry  to  ascertain  whether, 
and  in  what  degree  and  form,  this  is  the  case. 
Now,  in  the  event  of  such  investigation,  it 
will  usually  be  easy  to  produce  the  records  of 
examinations,  with  marked  papers,  tabulated 
marks,  and  the  action  based  thereon.  When 
it  comes  to  personality  and  efficiency,  such 
records  are  not  easy  to  get.  Even  where  li- 
braries assign  marks  in  these  subjects  and 
combine  them  with  the  results  of  the  written 
tests  to  obtain  a  final  mark  on  which  pro- 
motion is  based,  there  is  nothing  to  show  how 
the  marks  were  obtained,  and  the  investigat- 
ing authority  might  not  unnaturally  conclude 
that  here  was  an  opportunity  to  nullify  the 
merit  system.  Evidently  all  data  on  which 
appointment  or  promotion  is  based  should  be 
matters  of  record,  otherwise  a  perfectly  well- 
ordered  merit  system  cannot  be  demonstrated 
to  be  such  to  one  who  has  a  right  to  know; 
and,  of  course,  in  the  last  analysis,  every  citi- 
zen has  this  right  in  the  case  of  a  public  in- 
stitution. 

What  appeared  to  be  needed  was  some  reg- 
ular report  on  the  efficiency  of  every  em- 
ployee, which  should  be  taken  into  account  in 
assigning  marks  or  in  some  other  way,  in 
making  promotions,  made  in  such  permanent 
form  that  it  could  be  filed  as  a  record.  Such 
reports  are,  of  course,  constantly  made  orally 


and  acted  upon,  without  any  record  being 
preserved.  They  are  occasionally  made  in 
recordable  form,  perhaps  most  often  in  the 
case  of  apprentices  or  members  of  training 
classes.  In  some  cases  derelictions  or  unfav- 
orable reports  alone  have  been  recorded,  but 
a  complete  report  on  personality  and  work 
made  regularly  and  filed  permanently  is  a 
thing  that  has  not  come  under  my  observa- 
tion, although,  of  course,  it  may  exist. 

Having  decided  to  adopt  some  such  form 
of  report  in  the  St.  Louis  Public  Library,  the 
librarian  laid  the  matter  before  the  weekly 
conference  of  department  heads  and  branch 
librarians.  Had  the  question  been  the  advisa- 
bility of  the  adoption  of  such  a  form,  the 
sentiment  of  the  meeting  would  probably  have 
been  against  it,  but  the  announcement  was 
simply  that  the  librarian  had  decided  to  re- 
quire regularly  thereafter,  in  shape  suitable 
for  filing,  information  regarding  the  efficiency 
of  assistants  that  had  hitherto  been  received 
irregularly  and  by  word  of  mouth.  A  staff 
committee  was  appointed  to  draft  a  form  of 
report,  and  the  reports  of  progress  of  this 
committee,  with  the  incidental  discussions  and 
conferences,  occupied  nearly  a  year,  during 
which  time  everyone  on  the  staff  became 
thoroughly  familiar  with  the  plan  and  either 
agreed  with  the  librarian  regarding  its  ad- 
visability or  had  some  reasonable  and  well- 
considered  ground  of  opposition. 

The  librarian  had  in  mind  a  short  form, 
containing  a  few  important  data.  The  com- 
mittee brought  in  a  long  one  —  somewhat 
longer  than  that  finally  adopted,  which  is 
given  below.  Their  reason,  as  stated,  was 
that  it  is  easier  to  answer  a  large  number  of 
questions  that  require  hardly  more  than  the 
words  "yes"  and  "no"  in  reply  than  a  few, 
each  of  which  calls  for  the  writing  of  an 
essay,  however  brief.  This  reason  appealed 
to  all  and  finally  prevailed.  It  means  prac- 
tically the  presentation  of  the  information  re- 
quired, ready-made,  and  its  adoption  or  re- 
jection by  the  person  making  the  report.  Dis- 
cussion in  the  meeting  was  chiefly  on  the 
more  personal  items  of  information,  such  as 
those  about  neatness  of  dress,  etc. ;  also  about 
others  whose  propriety  or  clearness  was  ques- 


1 32 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


tioned,  such  as  that  regarding  loyalty  to  the 
library.  Some  of  these  were  finally  stricken 
out,  but  most  were  retained.  It  was  also 
noted  that  in  many  cases  the  information 
asked  for  could  not  ordinarily  be  obtained.  A 
department  head,  for  instance,  may  be  inti- 
mate enough  with  one  of  her  assistants  to 
know  whether  she  has  a  real  appreciation  for 
literature,  but  in  most  instances  this  would 
not  be  the  case.  Many  such  questions  were 
retained  on  the  ground  that  answers,  if  pos- 
sible, would  be  of  value,  and,  if  not,  could 
simply  be  omitted. 

After  the  forms  had  thus  been  put  into 
shape  they  were  duplicated  and  a  copy  was 
given  to  each  department  head,  with  instruc- 
tions to  show  it  to  all  her  assistants,  discuss 
it  with  them,  and  report  at  the  next  meeting. 
The  reports  showed  that  the  reception  of  the 
form  had  depended  chiefly  on  the  department 
head,  either  through  manner  of  presentation 
or  through  personal  influence.  In  some  de- 
partments the  plan  seemed  to  be  viewed  with 
equanimity,  while  in  others  there  was  a  con- 
siderable amount  of  suspicion,  distrust  and 
-dislike  of  the  whole  scheme.  It  was  next 
.announced  that  anyone  on  the  staff  desiring 
to  discuss  the  matter  with  the  librarian  would 
be  given  an  opportunity  to  do  so  at  a  specified 
ineeting.  This  was  well  attended,  and  it  ap- 
peared that  much  of  the  feeling  was  due  to 
misunderstanding.  It  was  explained  that  no 
new  method  of  making  promotions  was  con- 
templated, and  that  personality  and  efficiency 
would  be  taken  into  account  neither  more  nor 
less  than  before,  but  that  the  reports  from 
which  the  librarian  derived  his  information 
on  these  points  would  be  required  in  writing, 
thus  safeguarding  both  the  appointing  officer 
and  the  appointees.  There  seemed  to  be  a 
strong  feeling  on  the  part  of  some  that  per- 
sonal feeling  might  actuate  some  department 
head  to  make  a  false  report,  and  that  while, 
of  course,  such  report  might  be  made  even 
more  effectively  if  rendered  orally,  it  would 
be  a  pity  to  have  it  permanently  on  record. 
There  was  no  answer  to  this  except  that  the 
likelihood  of  such  a  misleading  report  would 
probably  become  known  to  the  librarian,  who 
could  reject  or  modify  it. 

In  due  course  of  time,  a  sufficient  number 
of  blanks  were  distributed,  filled  and  handed 
in.  They  were  then  discussed  again  at  a 
meeting,  and  questions  that  had  come  up  in 


the  practical  rendition  of  the  reports  were 
brought  up  and  settled.  A  filled  report  re- 
garding the  work  of  every  classified  assistant 
in  this  library  is  now  on  file  in  the  librarian's 
office. 

The  conditions  under  which  these  reports 
are  made  and  held  are  as  follows: 

Every  question  must  be  answered  or  the 
reason  for  not  doing  so  must  be  stated. 

The  reports  are  to  be  made  out  regularly 
on  the  first  of  each  year,  or  oftener  at  the 
librarian's  request.  Each  is  accessible  only 
to  the  librarian,  to  the  reporting  officer  and 
to  the  assistant  reported  on,  except  when  a 
transfer  is  to  be  made,  when  the  head  of  the 
department  to  which  the  assistant  is  to  be 
transferred  may  also  consult  the  record. 

Since  the  reports  were  made  out  only  about 
half  a  dozen  assistants  have  requested  to  be 
shown  their  records.  Some  others  were  al- 
lowed to  see  them  before  they  were  handed 
in.  Such  excitement  as  there  was  regarding 
the  matter  has  now  abated,  and  the  matter 
has  been  relegated  to  its  proper  plane  in  the 
scheme  of  library  things.  This  is  due,  prob- 
ably, very  largely  to  the  plan  of  conducting 
the  whole  matter  on  a  free  and  open  basis, 
in  consultation  with  the  staff  at  every  point, 
and  also  to  the  length  of  time  that  was  al- 
lowed to  elapse  between  steps.  Publicity  and 
deliberation  are  the  two  necessary  things  in 
a  procedure  of  this  kind,  and  both  are  com- 
mended to  librarians  wishing  to  adopt  this 
kind  of  record. 

There  is  no  doubt  in  my  mind  that  some 
efficiency  record  is  necessary  and  valuable, 
and  that  a  full  record,  including  the  usual 
high  percentage  of  good  things  with  the  pos-' 
sible  proportion  of  bad  ones,  is  preferable  to 
a  mere  blacklist,  on  which  only  the  bad  is 
recorded. 

The  blank,  as  finally  adopted,  is  reproduced 
herewith. 

ST.    LOUIS   PUBLIC   LIBRARY 
RECORD   OF    EFFICIENCY 

Name 

(Inverted,  in  full) 
Branch  or  Department. 

Length  of  service  in  dept.  or  branch. 
Present  grade  of  assistant. 
Entered  the  library 
A.  Personal  qualities. 

i.  Physically  strong  enough  for  the  work? 
How  much  time  lost  while  in  depart- 
ment and  why? 


March,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


133 


2.  Knowledge  of  books 
Improving  in  this? 

3.  All  around  information? 

4.  Appreciation  for  real  literature. 

5.  Resourceful?     Systematic? 

6.  Self-possessed  in  a  rush  or  emergency? 

7.  Executive  ability  ?     Decision  ? 

8.  Accurate?     Quick?     Adaptable? 

9.  Industrious?     Careless? 

10.  Obliging  to  fellow-workers? 

11.  Punctual?     Times  tardy?     Excusable? 

12.  Forgetful?     Inclined  to  gossip? 

13.  Neat  and  appropriate  in  dress  ? 

B.  Relations  with  the  public. 

1.  Uniformly  courteous?     Dignified? 

2.  Inclined  to  entertain  personal  visitors? 

3.  Effective  in  work  with  adults? 

4.  Effective  in  work  with  children? 

C.  Grade  as  excellent,  good,  fair,  or  poor. 

1.  Library  hand. 

2.  Printing. 

3.  Typewriting. 

4.  Shorthand. 

D.  Did  the  assistant  improve  while  with  you? 

In  what  way? 

In  what  did  she  fall  short? 

E.  If  the  assistant  had  weak  points,  did  you 

call  her  attention  to  them? 


F.  What  did  you  especially  like  about  the  as- 

sistant ? 

G.  Do  you  consider  the  assistant  fitted  or  un- 

fitted by  personality,  education  and  prac- 
tical efficiency  to  work  in  any  one  of  the 
following  departments  ?  Grade  her  work 
as  excellent,  good,  fair  or  poor, 
stating  also  length  of  service  at  each 
kind  of  work. 

1.  An  all-around  branch  assistant  in  this 

library  ? 

2.  A  children's  librarian? 

3.  A  reference  department  assistant? 

4.  A  catalog  department  assistant? 

5.  A  desk  assistant? 

6.  A  clerical  assistant? 

7.  An  assistant  in  other  lines?  (specify) 
If  you  do  not  consider  the  assistant  so 

fitted,  give  particular  reasons. 
H.  Is  the  assistant  loyal  to  the  library? 
I.  Has  the  assistant  enthusiasm  in  her  work? 
J.  Would  you  be  satisfied  to  have  the  assistant 
in  your  (Branch)   (Dept),  not  consider- 
ing the  fact  that  you  might  prefer  some 
one  else? 
L.  Remarks. 

Signature 

Title 
Date 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL    INSTRUCTION    IN   COLLEGE* 
BY  KENDRIC  C.  BABCOCK,  Specialist  in  Higher  Education,  United  States  Bureau  of  Education 


THE  phase  of  this  topic  which  I  wish  to 
discuss  deals  with  the  general  instruction  of 
individual  college  students  in  bibliography  and 
the  use  of  the  library,  rather  than  with  a 
few  lectures  by  the  librarians,  or  with  the 
technical  bibliographical  instruction  in  courses 
devised  for  the  training  of  librarians  or  pro- 
fessional bibliographers.  Courses  of  the  lat- 
ter kind  are  given  in  several  universities, 
sometimes  as  a  regular  course  running 
through  one  or  more  years,  sometimes  as  a 
summer  session  course  which  a  regular  stu- 
dent may  elect  for  credit  toward  a  degree,  if 
he  so  chooses.  Syracuse  University,  for  ex- 
ample, conducts  a  library  school,  in  which 
were  registered,  in  1911-12,  41  students.  It 
offers  a  variety  of  combinations  of  courses 
and  degrees;  (i)  a  two-years' technical  course 
for  college  graduates  leading  to  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Library  Science;  (2)  a  one- 
year  technical  course  for  college  graduates 
leading  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Library 
Economy;  (3)  a  four-years'  combined  aca- 

*  Presented  at  the  Conference  of  Eastern  College 
Librarians,  Columbia  University,  Nov.  30,  1912. 


demic  and  technical  course  leading  to  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Library  Economy;  (4) 
a  three-years'  certificate  course,  consisting  of 
two  years  of  academic  study,  followed  by 
one-year's  technical  course;  (5)  a  two-years' 
technical  certificate  course.  Just  what  is  the 
difference  between  a  Bachelor  of  Library 
Science  and  a  Bachelor  of  Library  Economy  a 
layman  like  myself  is  hardly  competent  to 
judge.  The  University  •  of  Michigan  illus- 
trates the  summer  course  in  library  methods, 
which  runs  through  eight  Weeks,  and  by  spec- 
ial permission  may  be  allowed  to  count  for 
two  hours  of  university  credit  if  satisfac- 
torily completed.  None  of  these,  however, 
touches  the  great  body  of  new  students. 

Mention  should  also  be  made  of  the  usual 
courses  of  lectures  on  the  use  of  the  library. 
These  are  sometimes  optional  and  sometimes 
required  of  all  students.  A  course  of  this 
kind  was  recently  given  at  Columbia  Univer- 
sity, in  which  Mr.  Johnston  lectured  on  "The 
libraries  of  New  York  City  and  their  uses," 
Mr.  Hicks  on  "Why  we  have  a  university 
library,"  and  Miss  Mudge  on  "The  keys  to 


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[March,  1913 


the  resources  of  the  library."  No  matter  how 
excellent  the  lecture  courses  in  bibliography 
may  be,  they  fail  to  meet  the  need  for  general 
bibliographical  instruction.  Ten  lectures  in 
bibliography  by  Mr.  Keogh,  of  Yale  Univer- 
sity, or  lectures  of  one  hour  a  week,  on  "His- 
torical and  practical  bibliography,"  by  Pro- 
fessor Davis,  of  the  University  of  Michigan, 
are  presumably  excellent  and  stimulating.  But 
these  are  evidently  optional  courses;  new  stu- 
dents coming  into  the  university  are  not  cer- 
tain to  elect  them.  Similarly,  handbooks  like 
the  "Rules  and  regulations  of  the  library," 
the  "Handbook  of  the  library,"  issued  by  the 
University  of  Chicago,  and  the  "Reader's 
manual"  of  Columbia  University,  are  valuable 
so  far  as  they  go,  but  they  do  not  go  far 
enough  in  the  way  of  definite  instruction,  and 
there  is  no  certainty  that  they  will  gain  the 
attention  of  all  students.  A  modification  of 
an  old  proverb  has  been  suggested  by  a  wise 
college  president  of  to-day,  who  said  that 
though  you  may  lead  a  colt  to  water,  and  yet 
cannot  make  him  drink,  you  can  at  least  cre- 
ate in  him  a  thirst.  So  with  the  use  of  the 
library.  A  student  may  be  lectured  to  on 
how  he  may  use  the  library,  and  may  never 
make  the  attempt  to  use  it.  His  thirst  should 
be  created  early,  and  the  means  of  satisfying 
it  made  easy  and  illustrated  experimentally. 

The  place  of  the  library  in  the  work  of  all 
departments  is  one  of  increasing  importance. 
The  library  is  a  resource  or  reservoir  from 
which  the  student  should  draw  constantly  for 
information  and  inspiration,  whether  his  in- 
terest lie  in  history,  literature  or  science. 
Every  month  of  delay  in  instructing  him  in 
the  meaning  and  use  of  the  library  lessens  the 
efficiency  of  his  course.  The  importance  of 
knowing  how  to  use  the  library  is  peculiarly 
great  for  scientific  students  and  engineering 
students,  whose  best  material  is  frequently  in 
the  form  of  magazine  articles,  pamphlets, 
proceedings  of  learned  societies,  and  technical 
papers  prepared  by  experts.  Discrimination 
in  the  use  of  different  editions  is  highly  es- 
sential. Nothing  is  more  out  of  date  than  a 
five-year-old  text-book  on  electricity  or  phys- 
ical chemistry.  For  promoting  economy  of 
time  and  of  energy,  and  as  a  means  of  ac- 
curacy and  rapid  progress,  the  student  should 
very  early  learn  how  to  get  from  the  library 
the  latest  and  strongest  presentation  of  a 
given  topic,  and  to  get  it  expeditiously. 


Every  new  student  should  be  required  to 
take  some .  course  in  which  is  given  definite 
practical  instruction  in  the  handling  of  library 
tools.  It  is  not  enough  to  instruct  those  who 
happen  to  choose  history  or  literature.  Such 
a  course,  moreover,  should  not  only  be  re- 
quired, but  it  should  constitute  a  definite  part 
of  the  work  required  for  a  degree.  Perhaps 
the  best  way  of  securing  its  recognition  would 
be  to  give  it  a  definite  credit  toward  a  given 
degree.  Objection  will  be  promptly  made  that 
this  suggestion  involves  adding  to  the  already 
full  college  curriculum,  one  hour  to  the  120 
required  for  the  degree;  but  an  equally 
prompt  rejoinder  may  be  made  that  the  im- 
portance to  both  the  literary  and  scientific 
student  of  early,  intimate,  personal  knowledge 
of  the  use  of  the  library  is  equal  to  the  im- 
portance of  physical  training  or  an  hour  of 
composition.  In  all  three,  understanding  and 
skill  must  supplant  ignorance  and  clumsiness. 
The  president  of  a  large  state  university,  who 
was  himself  educated  in  a  large,  endowed  uni- 
versity, recently  confessed  that  he  had  never 
known  that  there  was  such  a  thing  as  "Poole's 
index"  until  he  was  a  senior.  I  recall  a  stu- 
dent, a  senior  in  engineering  in  a  large  state 
university  in  which  there  were  no  department 
libraries,  who  asked  me  how  he  could  draw 
a  book  from  the  library,  saying  that  he  had 
spent  nearly  four  years  in  the  institution  and 
had  never  drawn  out  a  book. 

In  my  investigation  in  various  parts  of  the 
country,  relative  to  the  standing  of  colleges, 
I  have  found  difficulty  in  estimating  the  effi- 
ciency of  the  library,  though  it  is  often  quite 
obviously  low.  Various  tests  may  be  ap- 
plied—the number  of  volumes,  the  number  of 
those  which  are  live  books,  the  number  of 
public  documents,  the  quantity  of  junk,  the 
annual  budget  for  care  and  increase,  the  num- 
ber of  students  drawing  books,  the  number 
of  books  loaned,  the  use  by  students  of  the 
reading-room  and  of  the  reserve  books  or 
special  libraries.  Answers  to  some  of  these 
inquiries  from  library  authorities  have  been 
distinctly  vague  and  unsatisfactory.  Obser- 
vation shows  that  the  use  of  the  library  is  a 
fluctuating  quantity — a  place  of  social  gather- 
ing, a  study  room  for  the  preparation  of 
class  exercises,  like  mathematics,  an  oppor- 
tunity for  reading  newspapers  and  magazines, 
or  a  veritable  hive  of  workers,  a  workshop 
with  tools  wearing  out  under  steady  use.  The 


March,  .1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


135 


number  of  students  drawing  books  may  be 
misleading,  in  view  of  the  large  probable  use 
of  special  libraries  and  departmental  collec- 
tions; but  the  number  of  students  entitled  to 
draw  books  from  the  Cornell  library,  for  ex- 
ample, as  stated  in  the  last  annual  report  of 
the  president,  601  of  a  total  registration  of 
more  than  4500,  seems  rather  small. 

This  plea  for  required  accredited  instruc- 
tion in  bibliography  is  not  based  wholly  upon 
theory.  It  certainly  would  not  be  satisfied  by 
chance  instruction  through  the  insistence  of 
departmental  heads  or  enthusiastic  instructors 
in  different  departments.  Several  institutions 
have  already  tried  the  scheme  and  find  that 
it'  works  well.  They  have  reasoned  rightly 
that  the  work  should  be  under  the  direction 
of  the  librarian  and  carried  on  by  his  trained 
assistants,  and  that  when  so  done  it  is  en- 
titled to  recognition.  Three  progressive  in- 
stitutions will  illustrate  the  procedure.  The 
Oregon  Agricultural  College  has  been  carry- 
ing on  a  course  in  library  practice:  "This 
course  teaches  by  means  of  lectures  and  prac- 
tical problems  the  use  of  catalogs,  indexes, 
etc.  .  .  .  All  degree  courses — freshman  year, 
first  semester,  one  credit,  one  recitation." 
The  importance  of  such  a  course  in  an  insti- 
tution like  the  Oregon  Agricultural  College  is 
greater  than  it  would  be  in  one  having  higher 
standards  of  admission  and  receiving  students 
better  trained  in  handling  books  and  period- 
icals, since  the  institution  requires  only  two 
years  of  a  high  school  course  for  admission, 
and  is  therefore  compelled  to  do  some  of  the 
work  ordinarily  done  in  the  high  school.  I 
had  a  long  conference  with  the  librarian  of 
this  institution  about  her  plans  for  instruc- 
tion, and  they  seemed  to  be  highly  practical 
and  commendable.  Another  institution,  a  dis- 
tinctly standard  university,  the  University  of 
North  Dakota,  offers  a  course  in  practical 
library  work:  "One  credit.  One  hour  a  week. 
First  semester.  Required  of  all  freshmen. 
Elective  for  others."  The  Ohio  State  Uni- 
versity last  year  enlarged  the  bibliographical 
instruction  given  by  its  library  staff,  introduc- 
ing a  course  in  "Agricultural  bibliography. 
One-half  credit  hour.  A  required  course  for 
students  in  the  College  of  Agriculture."  These 
are  schemes  for  excellent  bibliographical  in- 
struction at  work  and  working  satisfactorily. 

Stress  should  be  laid  upon  the  importance 
of  having  this  work  done  through  the  library 


and  under  the  direction  of  expert  and  thor- 
oughly trained  persons.  While  the  men  in 
each  department  may  rightly  be  expected  'to 
instruct  advanced  students  in  the  bibliography 
of  special  or  narrow  fields  of  their  general 
subjects,  there  should  not  be  imposed  upon 
them  the  unnecessary  common  burden  of  ele- 
mentary bibliographical  instruction.  If  it  is 
impossible  to  secure  a  definite  hour  of  credit 
for  the  work,  it  is  quite  feasible  to  have  set 
aside  an  hour  from  the  course  in  English  and 
another  from  the  course  in  history,  even  if 
grudgingly  yielded  by.  departmental  heads,  for 
instruction  by  the  library  force.  If  the  libra- 
rian and  his  assistants  are  not  interested  in 
this  sort  of  instruction,  it  is  high  time  for 
the  president  to  put  into  the  library  staff  at 
least  one  person  who  is  both  interested  and 
competent  to  forward  a  movement  for  secur- 
ing the  maximum  use  of  the  library  by  fresh- 
men, sophomores,  juniors  and  seniors. 

This  scheme  of  instruction  involves,  of 
course,  on  the  part  of  the  instructors,  in- 
genuity, resourcefulness,  and  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  students,  of  fields  of  study,  and 
of  the  library.  It  means  laborious,  individual 
instruction,  often  to  numbers  which  are  ap- 
pallingly large;  but  my  experience  and  ob- 
servation make  me  believe  in  its  essential 
importance,  especially  for  all  new  students. 
No  small  part  of  the  success  of  these  courses 
will  depend  upon  the  adaptation  of  the  as- 
signed topics  to  the  interests  and  tastes  of  the 
individual  student.  If  he  be  an  agricultural 
student  and  interested  in  potato  bugs,  let  him 
have  a  topic  on  potato  bugs;  if  he  be  a  class- 
ical student  interested  in  the  archaeology  of 
Pompeii,  let  him  have  a  topic  in  that  field. 
In  similar  fashion,  topics  of  historical,  polit- 
ical or  economic  interest  will  catch  other  stu- 
dents. At  any  rate,  make  sure  that  the  topic 
will  connect  with  the  interest  of  the  student 
and  that  the  library  exercise  will  not  be  a 
mere  grind.  For  several  years,  while  I  was 
on  the  faculty  of  the  University  of  Califor- 
nia, the  librarian  gave  a  few  general  lectures 
upon  the  use  of  the  library,  but  with  each 
new  class  it  was  necessary  for  me  to  go  to 
the  library  and  actually  to  put  them  through 
a  course  of  practice  in  the  use  of  the  catalog, 
periodical  and  other  indexes,  reader's  guides, 
etc.  It  was  gratifying  not  very  long  ago  to 
hear  an  active  young  lawyer  of  Los  Angeles 
say  that  he  thought  one  of  the  most  valuable 


136 


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[March,  1913 


things  which  he  got  out  of  his  college  course 
was  the  stern  training  which  he  received  in 
bibliography,  in  the  matter  of  making  exact 
references,  and  in  searching  independently  for 
material  on  given  topics.  By  way  of  illustra- 
tion, he  opened  the  drawers  of  a  cabinet  of 
notes  and  showed  how  the  results  of  this 
training  were  applied  in  his  daily  work. 

As  a  practical  suggestion,  I  should  like  to 
urge  that  the  fee  or  deposit  sometimes  re- 
quired of  students  before  drawing  books  from 
the  library  should  be  abandoned  altogether. 
If  a  fee  for  the  use  of  the  library  be  required 
of  any  student,  it  should  be  required  of  all 
students.  At  the  beginning  of  his  course,  a 
dollar  looks  as  big  as  the  new  moon  to  a 
freshman,  and  he  will  hesitate  some  time 


before  voluntarily  depositing  two  of  them 
against  the  remote  possibility  of  wanting  to 
draw  out  a  book  from  the  library.  Even  such 
a  simple  barrier  should  be  promptly  removed. 
By  way  of  summarizing  this  cursory  discus- 
sion, there  is  great  need  for  systematic  bibliog- 
raphical instruction.  It  should  be  individual, 
differentiated  to  fit  the  tastes  of  the  student, 
free  from  special  fees,  required,  not  elective, 
and  accredited  toward  a  degree.  The  burden 
of  the  general  practical  instruction  should  be 
placed  upon  the  library  staff,  cooperating  with 
the  instructors  in  the  different  departments. 
To  the  latter  should  be  left  the  technical  spe- 
cialized instruction  in  divisions  of  the  work 
looking  toward  independent  investigation  and 
research. 


THE   LIBRARIAN   AND    THE   BOOKSELLER* 
BY  EDWARD  W.  MUMFORD,  of  the  Penn  Publishing  Company,  Philadelphia 


You  may  wonder  why  one  who  is  neither  a 
librarian  nor  a  bookseller  should  discuss  in 
this  way  your  relation  to  each  other.  How- 
ever, there  is  nothing  so  difficult  to  discourage 
as  advice.  You  remember  that  Alphonso  the 
Wise  regretted  that  he  had  not  been  present 
at  the  creation  of  the  world,  for  he  felt  con- 
fident that  he  could  have  offered  some  excel- 
lent suggestions.  He  shared  the  fate  of  all 
advice  dispensers,  for  Carlyle  records  that  of 
all  his  wisdom  nothing  remains  except  this 
evidence  that  Alphonso  himself  thought  well 
of  it. 

But  you  simply  can't  discourage  us  advice- 
givers.  We  recall  the  French  proverb,  "Don't 
stick  your  finger  between  the  bark  and  the 
tree."  But  we  calmly  proceed  to  do  it,  in 
order,  if  for  no  other  reason,  to  find  how  far 
apart  they  are.  And  so  here  is  a  publisher 
putting  his  fingers  adventurously  between 
those  two  essential  parts  of  the  book  dis- 
tributing system — the  librarian  and  the  book- 
seller. The  excuse,  if  there  must  be  one,  is 
that  he  wishes  to  emphasize  the  fact  that, 
after  all,  they  are  part  of  the  same  vital 
growth,  both  necessary  to  the  public  and  to 
each  other. 

Although  they  work  in  the  same  field,  it 
seems  to  be  evident  that  the  librarian  and  the 

*  An  address  delivered  before  the  Pennsylvania 
Library  Club,  Feb.  10,  1913. 


bookseller  do  not  understand  each  other.  In 
spite  of  many  instances  of  warm  personal 
friendships  and  of  active  cooperation  between 
individuals,  contact  with  both  sides  makes  it 
evident  that,  as  a  whole,  each  class  regards 
the  other  with  a  very  real  distrust  and  even 
suspicion. 

The  librarian,  freed,  as  he  believes,  from 
all  taint  of  commercialism,  looks  with  ill- 
concealed  contempt  at  the  bookstore  window 
filled  with  shrieking  "best-sellers"  and  Sun- 
day supplement  juveniles,  and  wonders  what 
sort  of  man  can  peddle  that  harmful  stuff  and 
sleep  well  o'  nights.  And  the  bookseller,  be- 
wildered by  a  doctrine  which,  if  accepted  in 
toto  by  his  community,  would  leave  him,  he 
fears,  with  reduced  business  and  vanished 
profits,  is  just  as  vehement  on  his  side  in  con- 
demnation of  the  impractical  librarian,  who 
may  have  his  head  in  the  clouds,  but  who  the 
bookseller  firmly  believes  has  seldom  more 
than  one  foot  on  the  ground. 

This  attitude  of  mutual  disrespect  is  natu- 
rally fostered  by  the  differences  born  of  bar- 
gaining between  two  parties,  one  of  whom 
has  little  to  spend  and  the  other  very  little 
to  make.  Their  differences  have  naturally 
been  emphasized  in  recent  years  by  the  grad- 
ual introduction  of  the  net-price  system, 
which,  although  it  means  the  salvation  of  the 
book  trade,  has  naturally  worked  a  hardship 


March,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


137 


to  the  library.  The  result  of  all  this  has  been 
that  when  committees  of  librarians  and  book- 
sellers meet  it  is  usually  to  wrangle  over  dis- 
counts or  to  listen  to  grievances,  such  as  the 
perennial  complaint  that  librarians,  trustees 
and  their  families  are  illegitimately  supplied 
with  books  for  private  use  at  library  dis- 
counts. 

It  is  a  pity  that  these  differences  have  been 
allowed  so  long  to  color  the  attitude  of  the 
librarian  and  the  bookseller  toward  each  other 
and  to  prevent  their  active  cooperation.  After 
all,  are  not  their  interests  very  much  in  com- 
mon? The  bookseller  certainly  realizes  that 
his  welfare  depends  upon  the  education  of  his 
community,  and  the  library  is  constantly  de- 
manding recognition  of  its  place  as  a  part  of 
our  system  of  public  education.  The  book- 
seller begins  to  see  that  his  business  needs  the 
support  of  a  large  class  of  book  owners,  and 
booksellers  to-day  are  consciously  trying  to 
increase  the  numbers  of  such  persons  near 
them.  The  Booksellers'  Association  of  Phila- 
delphia was  instrumental  in  having  published, 
recently,  a  series  of  brief  interviews  with 
well-known  people  on  the  importance  of  read- 
ing and  owning  books.  This  plan  has  been 
warmly  commended  by  publishers  and  book- 
sellers, and  a  plan  is  now  being  perfected  for 
publishing  next  fall  a  series  of  such  inter- 
views in  every  important  American  city.  This 
should  benefit  the  library  as  well  as  the  book- 
store. 

Both  as  citizen  and  as  merchant,  the  book- 
seller has  a  very  direct,  practical  interest  in 
the  formation  of  private  libraries.  To  what 
extent  is  the  public  library  interested  in  pro- 
moting them? 

When  the  librarian,  in  his  most  cheerful, 
optimistic  and  expansive  mood,  looks  forward 
to  the  future  of  his  profession,  what  does  he 
see?  Is  his  vision  that  of  a  people  served 
by  the  public  library  alone,  with  vast  collec- 
tions and  splendid  buildings,  with  many 
branches  and  finely  subdivided  activities,  so 
anticipating  every  need  that  the  private  li- 
brary becomes  entirely  unnecessary?  Or  does 
he  behold  a  people  taught  by  him,  among 
other  educational  influences,  to  love  books, 
own  them  and  use  them  familiarly?  When 
he  sends  out  his  "home  libraries"  and  "travel- 
ing libraries,"  when  he  fosters  "study  clubs," 
etc.,  to  what  does  he  see  them  ultimately  lead- 
ing? Are  they  simply  the  means  of  multiply- 


ing readers'  cards  and  circulation,  or  is  it  the 
hope  that  they  will  stimulate  the  beginnings 
of  carefully  selected  private  collections  as 
well? 

Librarians,  we  have  noted,  emphasize  the 
claim  of  the  library  to  be  regarded  as  an  in- 
tegral part  of  our  public  educational  system. 
One  of  your  magazines  reiterates  the  claim 
on  the  cover  of  every  issue.  The  aim  of  all 
sound  education,  however,  is  to  make  the  pu- 
pil in  time  independent  of  his  teacher  and  to 
stimulate  in  him  a  desire  to  educate  himself. 
Is  it  your  aim  to  persuade  patrons  to  acquire 
their  own  tools,  hoe  their  own  row,  and  come 
to  the  library  for  an  occasional  piece  of  spe- 
cial apparatus?  Or  is  the  library  intending 
to  lend  all  the  tools  and  promote  the  entire 
cultivation  of  the  field  by  a  sort  of  literary 
communism? 

Perhaps  the  attitude  of  the  library  is  so 
well  understood  among  you  who  work  in  it 
that  it  is  a  mere  commonplace,  requiring  no 
statement  in  the  library  journals,  in  conven- 
tion talks,  or  in  text-books  such  as  Mr.  Dana's 
excellent  "Primer."  But  some  of  us  outside 
of  the  library  who  would  like  to  have  you  put 
yourselves  a  little  more  definitely  on  record. 

The  seventh  report  of  the  New  York  State 
Education  Department,  1911,  begins  thus,  un- 
der the  head  of  "Educational  extension" : 
"Gibbon,  in  his  'Memoirs,'  says:  'Every  man 
who  rises  above  the  common  level  has  re- 
ceived two  educations — the  first  from  his 
teacher;  the  second,  more  personal  and  im- 
portant, from  himself.'  It  is  with  this  second 
education  that  the  Division  of  Educational 
Extension  is  concerned.  The  aim  is  to  give 
to  every  inhabitant  of  the  state  a  fair  chance 
for  reading  and  study,  not  only  in  school,  but 
outside  of  the  schools,  and  to  this  end  pro- 
mote the  most  liberal  supply  of  good  books 
at  the  public  expense." 

A  member  of  the  New  York  State  Library 
force  says  that  the  "house  libraries"  circu- 
lated by  that  organization  are  often  sent  to 
families  who  ask  for  them  openly,  with  the 
intention  of  examining  them  for  private  pur- 
chase. But  the  report  itself  says  nowhere 
explicitly  that  the  ultimate  aim  of  its  educa- 
tional extension  work  is  to  induce  people  to 
buy  their  own  books,  and  a  mere  outsider 
might  readily  infer  that  there  is  no  such  aim. 

A  Pennsylvania  library,  in  a  recent  circular 
to  the  public,  says:  "How  often  do  you  want 


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[March,  1913 


your  books  after  you  have  read  them?  Why 
buy  your  books,  when  you  can  borrow  them 
at  a  nominal  cost?"  It  is  true  this  is  not  a 
public  library,  but  is  one  supported  by  sub- 
scription. But  is  not  this  attitude  practically 
that  of  a  great  many  public  libraries  in  this 
and  other  states?  Is  the  library  really  in- 
terested in  promoting  the  book-owning  habit? 

It  is  a  frequent  observation  that  we  Amer- 
icans are  becoming  less  and  less  readers  of 
serious  books.  Certainly  it  is  true  that  even 
among  our  educated  classes  the  habit  of  book- 
owning  is  much  less  strong  than  it  was  a 
generation  ago.  One  sometimes  sees  pub- 
lished a  picture  of  the  "library"  in  a  rich 
man's  new  house,  magnificent  in  its  appoint- 
ments for  comfortable  loafing,  but  with  no 
sign  of  either  a  bookcase  or  a  book.  And 
among  our  friends  of  less  means  we  frequent- 
ly note  that  the  apartment  house  seems  to  be 
as  unfriendly  to  a  book  collection  as  it  is  to 
a  baby.  One  cannot  but  wonder  whether  the 
impressive  library  statistics  of  circulation, 
mean  increased  book  loving  as  well  as  book 
reading.  Is  the  possession  of  a  private  library 
still  the  mark  of  your  true  booklover? 

Surely  you  still  feel  with  Sydney  Smith 
that  there  is  "No  furniture  so  charming  as 
books."  Hazlitt,  you  remember,  speaking  of 
Richardson's  novels,  says:  "Nor  could  I  ask 
to  have  anything  better  to  do  than  to  read 
them  from  beginning  to  end,  to  take  them  up 
when  I  choose  and  to  lay  them  down  when  I 
was  tired,  in  some  old  family  mansion  in  the 
country."  Could  that  essay  on  "Reading  old 
books,"  with  all  its  delicious  intimacies,  have 
been  written  by  a  man  who  had  known  books 
only  in  the  public  library? 

And  Andrew  Lang  only  re-echoes  Cowley 
and  many  another  gentle  spirit  when,  in  his 
"Ballade  of  true  wisdom,"  he  pleads  for  "a 
houseful  of  books  and  a  garden  of  flowers/' 
These  ideals  are  surely  not  utterly  old-fash- 
ioned and  outworn  in  our  day?  And  this 
being  recognized,  if  you  do  still  believe  that 
the  finest  flavor  and  the  highest  value  in 
books  is  found  only  by  him  who  owns  them, 
how  far  are  you  willing  to  go  to  encourage 
the  book-owning  habit?  And  this  brings  us 
back  to  the  bookseller,  whom  you  perhaps 
thought  had  been  forgotten,  but  who  has  been 
waiting  for  us  all  through  this  discussion. 

For  your  attitude  toward  the  bookseller  is 
necessarily  colored  by  the  degrees  of  your 
interest  in  promoting  private  libraries.  If 


you  are  interested  in  having  people  buy  more 
books  and  better  ones,  why  are  you  not  anx- 
ious to  see  that  there  is  a  place  where  they 
can  do  it?  If  you  preach  book  buying,  why 
are  you  not  concerned  also  about  bookselling? 
There  is  little  use  in  prescribing  rare  drugs 
to  a  community  that  has  no  apothecary,  and 
it  would  seem  to  be  about  as  futile  to  urge 
buying  of  good  books  in  a  town  that  has  no 
real  bookstore. 

There  are  many  such  towns  in  the  United 
States;  moreover,  it  is  rather  a  striking  fact 
that  there  are  many  towns  where  the  library 
seems  strong,  and  which  yet  are  universally 
known  among  publishers  as  "poor  book 
towns."  There  are  hundreds  of  prosperous 
American  communities  where  there  is  no 
bookstore  worthy  of  the  name,  and  where  it 
is  impossible  to  find  most  of  the  books  that 
the  library  would  recommend  for  purchase 
in  any  given  field.  What  are  you  doing  to 
help  your  patrons  find  readily  the  medicine 
you  prescribe  for  them? 

As  a  necessary  first  step,  how  close  and 
cordial  are  your  relations  with  your  local 
booksellers  ? 

A  great  deal  can  be  accomplished  in  any 
community  if  the  bookseller  and  the  librarian 
learn  to  know  each  other  personally  and  make 
it  their  business  to  understand  and  appreciate 
each  other's  point  of  view.  Especially  in  the 
small  town  will  a  close  association  of  this 
kind  become  valuable,  although  there  is  much 
that  can  be  accomplished  in  the  larger  cities 
also. 

Not  long  ago  the  manager  of  the  book  sec- 
tion for  a  department  store  in  a  New  England 
town  read  an  article  condemning  cheap  and 
poor  children's  books.  He  realized  that  it 
was  aimed  at  exactly  the  kind  of  books  that 
he  was  selling  most  freely.  Through  a  friend 
he  sent  some  of  these  books  to  the  local  chil- 
dren's librarian,  whose  report,  of  course,  con- 
firmed his  fear  that  they  were  not  wholesome. 
Since  then  he  has  not  pushed  so  hard  the 
sales  of  such  books,  and  has  paid  more  atten- 
tion to  the  better  books  for  children. 

But  why  had  not  the  librarians  in  that  town 
reached  him  before? '  Why  had  they  not 
thought  it  worth  while  to  impress  him  with 
their  point  of  view?  Why  was  it  necessary 
for  him  to  come  to  them,  and  to  come 
stealthily,  through  the  medium  of  a  third 
party  ? 

No  quarrel  over  discounts  and  prices  should 


March,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


139 


be  allowed  to  hold  the  librarian  and  the  book- 
seller apart.  The  library's  means,  of  course, 
are  usually  too  small  for  its  work,  and  it 
must  be  careful  to  buy  economically.  The 
library  should,  however,  almost  invariably,  buy 
through  its  local  booksellers,  even  though  it 
may  sometimes  be  at  a  slightly  increased  cost. 
Many  a  library  order  passes  over  a  local 
man's  head,  simply  for  a  difference  of  one  or 
two  per  cent,  discount — perhaps  considerably 
less  than  fifty  dollars  on  the  entire  year's 
order.  That  fifty  dollars  will  be  well  spent 
if  it  gains  the  hearty  cooperation  of  the  book- 
seller for  things  that  the  library  wants  done 
in  its  community. 

Not  long  ago  the  president  of  the  library 
board  in  a  middle  western  town  gave  orders 
that  no  more  books  should  be  bought  from 
the  chief  bookseller  in  that  town  because  his 
prices  were  too  high.  This  bookseller  had 
enough  spunk  and  sagacity  to  take  his  in- 
voices for  books  directly  to  the  president, 
who,  upon  examining  them,  was  immediately 
convinced  that  the  prices  charged  the  library 
were  reasonable,  and  a  quarrel  in  which  the 
bookseller  could  have  caused  the  library  some 
inconvenience  was  averted. 

There  are  many  instances  of  quarrels  of 
this  kind,  pushed  to  the  bitter  end  and  main- 
tained for  years,  which  could  have  been 
avoided  as  easily.  It  should  not  be  forgotten, 
moreover,  that  the  local  bookseller  is  a  local 
taxpayer,  and  is  helping  to  support  the  li- 
brary, and  on  this  account  alone  should  have 
first  consideration  as  against  outsiders. 

But  if  the  bookseller  and  the  librarian  thor- 
oughly understand  each  other,  what  can  they 
accomplish  that  is  not  ordinarily  being  done? 

The  possibilities  are  faintly  foreshadowed 
by  what  has  been  already  achieved  in  the 
juvenile  field,  where  the  library  has  clearly 
recognized  an  obligation  to  promote  the  sale 
of  more  and  better  books.  Many  libraries 
make  Christmas  exhibits  of  children's  books, 
and  perhaps  print  lists  of  them  for  the  guid- 
ance of  parents  and  other  buyers.  This  Christ- 
mas exhibk  should  be  an  invariable  feature 
of  the  year's  work,  and  1  believe  it  could  be 
profitably  extended  to  other  departments  of 
the  library  and  perhaps  to  other  seasons  of 
the  year. 

In  order  to  make  such  an  exhibit  or  list 
most  effective,  however,  it  is  necessary  that 
the  library  and  the  bookstore  should  cooper- 


ate in  it.  It  is  a  little  absurd  to  issue  a  list 
showing  publishers'  prices  only  when  they 
differ  so  widely  from  the  prices  at  which  the 
books  can  actually  be  bought.  Why  should 
not  the  bookseller,  working  with  the  library, 
issue  the  list  over  his  own  name,  putting  in 
the  prices  at  which  he  will  supply  the  books, 
and  making  it  a  point  to  have  the  books  in 
stock?  An  arrangement  of  this  kind  is  very 
much  more  apt  to  be  effective  in  promoting 
sales. 

In  many  cases  it  should  be  possible  to  make 
the  library's  exhibit  at  the  bookstore,  where 
it  can  be  seen  by  people  who  are  in  the  buy- 
ing mood.  Here  is  an  excellent  opportunity 
for  the  library  to  advertise.  The  St.  Louis 
Public  Library,  before  moving  into  its  present 
palatial  building,  used  a  temporary  structure 
where  it  had  six  large  plate-glass  windows  on 
the  ground  floor,  overlooking  a  busy  sidewalk, 
and  used  "these  spendid  display  spaces  for 
the  exhibition  of  all  sorts  of  tempting  literary 
wares,  with  results  gratifying  to  the  head  of 
the  circulating  department."  When  the  library 
move^i  into  its  new  building  it  missed  the 
pulling  power  of  those  windows.  With  a  cor- 
dial relation  between  the  library  and  book- 
store, it  would  often  be  possible  to  use  the 
bookstore's  display  window  for  the  library's 
advertising. 

Practical  cooperation  is  already  an  accom- 
plished fact.  Miss  Cornelia  Marvin,  in  a  re- 
cent letter,  says  that  the  Public  Library  Com- 
mission of  Oregon  is  trying  to  "cooperate 
with  all  bookdealers  in  the  state,  and  make 
exhibits  of  books,  and  distribute  lists  at  the 
fairs,  Chautauqua  assemblies,  meetings  of 
clubs,  etc."  You  doubtless  know  of  cases 
where  the  bookseller  has  furnished  many  of 
the  books  for  the  library's  Christmas  exhibit. 
A  typical  instance  of  cooperation  is  that  of 
the  Public  Library  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, Washington,  which,  in  holding  its  exhibit 
last  fall  of  children's  books  recommended  for 
purchase,  sent  its  list  in  advance  to  the  lead- 
ing local  booksellers  for  their  criticism,  and, 
after  revision,  returned  the  list  to  the  book- 
sellers with  the  request  that  they  stock  the 
books. 

The  public  library  of  Peru,  Indiana,  went 
still  further.  The  librarian  reports :  "We  told 
our  bookmen  we  would  have  a  very  attractive 
display  of  gift  books  for  children  at  the  li- 
brary some  time  in  November,  and  would  be 


140 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


happy  to  place  the  collection  after  the  library 
display  in  their  stores,  if  they  would  allow 
us  to  do  so;  that  we  would  send  someone 
from  the  library  who  knew  the  books  to  be 
in  charge  of  the  collection.  In  each  book  we 
wrote  the  price  and  grade  to  which  it  was 
suited.  This  proved  a  time-saver.  The  or- 
ders came,  of  course,  and  the  merchants  were 
delighted.  So  were  we;  for  these  men  have 
always  contended  they  could  not  sell  the 
books  we  have  suggested  they  put  in." 

The  suggestion  from  Washington,  that  the 
library's  list  of  books  recommended  for  pur- 
chase should  be  submitted  to  the  bookstore, 
is  a  practical  and  shrewd  one.  It  is  a  simple 
fact  that  many  books  the  librarian  likes  can- 
not be  profitably  stocked  by  the  bookstore. 
Some  of  them  are  regarded  by  their  publish- 
ers as  text-books,  and  a  discount  of  only  one- 
fifth  or  one-sixth  is  allowed  to  the  bookseller. 
This  is  not  enough  to  enable  him  to  stock  the 
book.  The  bookseller's  advice  on  cheap  edi- 
tions of  good  books  is  also  valuable.  And 
during  a  friendly  discussion  of  such  a  recom- 
mended list,  the  librarian  will  have  many  op- 
portunities to  lay  down  principles  and  arouse 
enthusiasm  for  them.  Enlist  the  bookseller 
in  your  war,  and  he  will  be  an  able  ally,  for 
he  will  fight  for  both  pocketbook  and  princi- 
ple, and  has  many  opportunities  for  effective 
advertising  that  are  denied  to  you. 

The  basis  of  any  campaign  must  be  knowl- 
edge of  the  facts.  Many  a  bookseller  to-day 
is  eager  for  more  knowledge  of  books.  You 
can  teach  him  a  great  deal  if  you  once  gain 
his  confidence  and  friendship,  and  I  am  not 
sure  that  he  cannot  teach  you  as  much.  Some 
effort  has  already  been  made  to  use  the  li- 
brary's knowledge  of  children's  books  in  the 
stores.  One  Philadelphia  bookseller  has  made 
the  experiment  of  employing  a  young  lady 
with  library  training  as  a  special  assistant 
during  the  Christmas  buying  season,  and  has 
been  satisfied  with  the  results.  This  is  worth 
trying  elsewhere.  And  it  should  be  practi- 
cable for  the  juvenile  clerks  in  many  a  large 
bookstore  to  take  an  hour  or  two  a  week  dur- 
ing the  quieter  business  months  under  the  in- 
struction of  the  children's  librarian  in  the  lo- 
cal public  library. 

Through  cooperation  the  library  may  ex- 
tend its  influence  to  new  fields.  An  eastern 
bookseller  last  fall  made  up  an  exhibit  of 
children's  books,  which  went,  in  turn,  to  three 


private  schools  in  his  city.  The  school,  in 
each  case,  displayed  the  books  and  inyited  the 
parents  to  see  them,  with  excellent  results  to 
the  bookseller.  Why  could  not  a  city  library 
reach  in  this  way  every  private  school,  and 
perhaps  many  of  the  public  schools,  with  fall 
exhibits  of  books  furnished  by  the  bookstores, 
the  sales  being  promoted  by  printed  lists 
showing  actual  prices? 

Cooperation  of  this  kind  was  shown  recent- 
ly at  the  annual  conference  of  the  Home  and 
School  League  of  Philadelphia.  The  Phila- 
delphia Free  Library  prepared  the  exhibit  of 
children's  books,  the  publishers  furnished 
samples,  a  local  bookseller  put  on  the  retail 
prices,  and  the  league  printed  and  distributed 
the  list  to  teachers  and  parents.  The  library 
does,  of  course,  talk  frequently  to  mothers  in 
connection  with  its  Christmas  exhibit  and  at 
other  times,  and  urges  the  formation  of  chil- 
dren's libraries  of  the  right  sort.  But  such 
work  could  be  made  doubly  effective  with  the 
bookstore's  cooperation. 

If  the  public  libraries  of  only  one-half  the 
towns  in  America,  in  cooperation  with  their 
local  booksellers,  would  start  next  fall  a 
campaign  for  better  children's  books,  enlisting 
the  clubs,  churches,  the  teachers  and  good 
citizens  of  all  classes,  the  public  conscience 
could  be  awakened  in  one  year  to  a  realiza- 
tion of  the  evils  of  modern  juvenile  stories, 
and  the  present  flood  of  bad  books  would  be 
checked. 

Does  all  this  look  too  "commercial"?  I 
hope  we  have  learned  in  America  not  to  let 
that  word  frighten  us. 

An  article  in  Public  Libraries  for  Aprilr 
1911,  showed  the  right  spirit.  I'd  like  to 
shake  hands  with  that  librarian,  who  is  said 
to  have  achieved  results,  but  who  remains 
modestly  anonymous.  She  sent  to  the  chil- 
dren in  her  town  letters  that  appeared  to  be 
personal.  They  were  in  sealed  envelopes,  and 
were  delivered  by  the  public  school  teachers. 
The  letters  invited  children  to  make  lists  of 
the  books  they  would  like  to  read.  Good 
books  to  own  were  also  skilfully  suggested, 
and  the  children  were  invited  to  come  and 
learn  from  the  library  how  to  earn  money  to 
buy  them.  She  suggested  neighborhood  snow 
clubs  to  clean  pavements  by  team  work  for 
pay,  small  gardens  for  flowers  and  vegetables, 
etc.  And  she  was  not  afraid  to  sell  the  books 
herself.  "New  books,"  she  said  in  her  letter, 


March,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


141 


"will  be  ordered  the  first  day  of  each  month. 
Tell  the  librarian  which  book  you  want  to 
buy,  and  she  will  have  it  ordered  for  you. 
You  need  not  pay  for  the  book  until  it 
comes." 

Her  explanation  probably  would  be  that 
there  is  not  a  good  bookstore  in  her  town. 
There  must  be  very  few  cases  where  it  would 
not  be  better  not  only  for  immediate  results, 
but,  on  account  of  future  development,  to 
let  the  local  bookstore,  however  meager,  do 
the  actual  selling.  But  certainly,  while  the 
bookseller  might  feel  that  a  librarian  like  this 
is  treading  on  his  toes,  he  can  hardly  accuse 
her  of  not  having  her  feet  on  the  ground. 

There  would  seem  to  be  no  reason  (except 
the  length  of  a  working  day,  you  will  say) 
why  the  library  as  an  aid  in  the  selling  of 
good  books  should  stop  with  juvenile  publi- 
cations. Miss  Clara  W.  Hunt  says:  "Possibly 
the  public  libraries  have  made  grown  people 
feel  less  the  necessity  of  owning  their  books, 
but  I  am  positive  that  they  have  had  the  op- 
posite effect  upon  thoughtful  people  who  are 
guiding  the  reading  of  children."  Is  it  true 
that  through  your  labors  grown  people  feel 
that  private  libraries  are  no  longer  necessary? 

Miss  Lucia  T.  Henderson,  of  Jamestown, 
N.  Y.,  says,  on  the  other  hand:  "I  know  of 
many  books  bought  for  the  library  which  have 
met  with  so  much  favor  that  several  copies 
have  been  subsequently  bought  by  our  readers 
— Browning  and  Shakespeare — topics  such  as 
South  America,  Italian  art,  poetry  and  tech- 
nical books,  as  well  as  fiction  and  juveniles." 

Miss  Alice  S.  Tyler,  of  the  Iowa  Library 
Commission,  says:  "Often  a  book  that  is  first 
read  from  the  public  library  proves  to  be  so 
acceptable  and  worth  while  to  the  reader  that 
he  desires  to  own  the  book." 

A  New  England  librarian  commented,  re- 
cently, on  the  fact  that  many  patrons,  upon 
being  urged  to  buy  books,  naturally  hesitate 
to  do  so  because  they  have  not  had  the  op- 
portunity to  see  them.  And  the  same  librarian 
comments  on  the  fact  that  there  is  not  a  good 
bookstore  in  her  own  town.  This  may  be 
partly  the  fault  of  the  library  itself,  and  this 
instance  only  illustrates  again  the  futility  of 
urging  the  buying  of  good  books  unless  you 
take  some  practical  means  of  bringing  the 
book  and  the  buyer  together. 

It  is  no  doubt  a  matter  of  common  observa- 
tion that  the  library  is  often  urged  to  pur- 


chase expensive  books  by  patrons  who  could 
well  afford  to  own  these  books  themselves, 
and  the  librarian  is  not  a  little  indignant  at 
having  this  cost  forced  upon  him.  Here 
again  is  a  good  reason  for  a  close  relation 
with  the  bookstore.  Turn  over  such  people 
to  its  tender  mercies  for  the  good  of  their 
souls  and  the  lightening  of  your  own  burden. 

Why  should  you  not  push  home  every  argu- 
ment for  book  owning  by  the  confident  state- 
ment that  the  way  to  examination  and  pur- 
chase is  easy?  A  dealer  in  the  west,  who  has 
enjoyed  the  benefit  of  active  cooperation  with 
the  children's  department  of  his  local  library, 
advertised  last  fall  a  selected  list  of  books  for 
a  physician,  a  list  for  nurses,  one  for  a 
mother,  a  suggestion  of  gifts  to  a  clergyman, 
to  a  lawyer,  etc.  It  never  occurred  to  him 
or  to  the  library  that  they  might  cooperate 
on  lists  of  that  kind  also. 

There  are  indicated  here  but  a  few  of  the 
ways  in  which  the  librarian  and  the  book- 
seller may  be  mutually  helpful.  Once  con- 
vinced that  it  is  worth  while,  you  will  find 
many  new  opportunities  for  efficient  public  ser- 
vice. Whether  you  turn  at  all  in  this  direction 
depends  largely,  as  has  been  said,  on  how 
strongly  you  believe  in  private  book  owner- 
ship, and  how  far  you  are  willing  to  go  to 
achieve  practical  results.  You  can,  if  you  will, 
have  a  powerful  effect.  With  your  intelligent 
cooperation,  the  handicap  will  be  removed 
from  many  a  town  that  has  to-day  no  good 
bookstore.  With  your  help,  bookstores  now 
hardly  worthy  the  name  will  become  power- 
ful factors  in  progress,  civilization  and  the 
awakening  of  civic  pride. 

And,  finally,  have  you  not  a  selfish  reason — 
if  library  work  is  ever  selfish — for  seizing 
every  opportunity  to  encourage  bookbuying? 
When  private  ownership  has  been  multiplied 
threefold,  tenfold,  or  even  a  hundredfold,  is 
it  not  safe  to  say  that  your  importance  will 
only  be  increased  in  direct  ratio?  You  have 
surely  nothing  to  lose.  The  student  who  can- 
not afford  all  the  reference  books,  or  the  text- 
books and  periodicals  in  his  field,  must  always 
come  to  you.  The  clubwoman,  with  her  paper 
to  prepare,  and  the  high  school  lad,  with  his 
all-important  debate  subject,  will  still  besiege 
you.  Newark,  N.  J.,  and  other  wideawake  li- 
braries will  still  continue  to  operate  transla- 
tion bureaus  and  gather  information  for  the 
use  of  local  industries  and  enterprises.  And 


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[March,  1913 


the  poor,  in  spite  of  modern  formulas  for 
abolishing  poverty,  will  probably  be  always 
with  us. 

But  will  there  not  also  come  with  it  all  a 
tremendous  widening  in  the  influence  of  the 
library  over  a  community  that  has  learned  to 
love  and  appreciate  books,  and  needs  the  li- 
brary as  guide,  arbiter  and  friend  in  choosing 
them  and  in  making  the  best  use  of  them? 
As  William  Wirt  says,  "Only  a  small  percent- 
age of  our  population  are  book-minded,"  and 
in  spite  of  all  your  study  progress  and  real 
achievement,  you  have  as  yet  barely  touched  us 
— you  libraries.  Even  so  intelligent  a  com- 
munity as  that  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  cannot 
claim  more  than  one-third  of  its  population 
as  public  library  users.  Baltimore's  largest 
public  library  is  said  to  reach  only  five  per 
cent,  of  the  city's  people,  and  Boston  library 
users  are  estimated  at  thirteen  per  cent,  of 
the  population.  What  would  be  the  percent- 
age if  every  Massachusetts  family  owned  and 
loved  and  used  Dr.  Eliot's  "five-foot  shelf" 
in  good  editions,  or  Sir  John  Lubbock's  "one 
hundred  best  books,"  or  a  list  of  twenty-five 
books  that  the  Boston  Public  Library  itself 
might  prepare  with  due  regard  to  the  circum- 
stances of  each  case? 

So  even  to  the  library's  continued  growth 
and  importance  is  it  due  that  you  should  give 
effective  aid  to  bookselling.  You  have  not,  I 
am  sure,  forgotten  the  words  of  that  very 
practical  citizen,  who  was  both  librarian  and 
bookseller — Benjamin  Franklin:  "A  borrowed 
book  is  but  a  cheap  pleasure.  To  know  the 
true  value  of  books,  and  to  derive  the  great- 
est benefits  from  them,  a  child  should  feel  the 
sweet  delight  of  buying  them;  he  should 
know  the  preciousness  of  possession." 

When  the  librarian  and  the  bookseller,  with 
Franklin's  words  as  a  common  creed,  shall 
stand  shoulder  to  shoulder,  there  will  be 
fewer  but  better  books  published,  more  good 
books  owned  and  read,  and  greater  prosperity 
for  you  both. 


A  FEDERAL  LEGISLATIVE  DRAFTING 
BUREAU 

MR.  LA  FOLLETTE,  on  February  3,  intro- 
duced in  the  Senate  a  bill  providing  for  a 
legislative  drafting  bureau  and  a  legislative 
reference  division  for  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress. The  bill  was  read  twice,  referred  to 
the  Committee  on  Library,  and  reported  by 


Senator  Root,  with  amendments,  February  4. 
The  amended  text  follows: 

A  bill  to  create  a  Legislative  Drafting 
Bureau  and  to  establish  a  Legislative  Refer- 
ence Division  of  the  Library  of  Congress. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  United  States  of 
America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  there  is 
hereby  created  a  bureau  to  be  known  as  the 
"Legislative  Drafting  Bureau." 

Sec.  2.  That  the  said  bureau  shall  be  un- 
der the  direction  of  an  officer,  to  be  known 
as  the  "chief  draftsman,"  to  be  appointed  by 
the  President  of  the  United  States,  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate, 
without  reference  to  party  affiliations,  and 
solely  on  the  ground  of  fitness  to  perform  the 
duties  of  the  office.  He  shall  receive  a  salary 
of  $7500  per  annum,  and  shall  hold  office  for 
the  term  of  ten  years  unless  sooner  removed 
by  the  President  upon  the  recommendation  of 
the  Judiciary  Committee  of  both  Houses  of 
Congress,  acting  jointly. 

Sec.  3.  That  there  shall  be  in  said  bureau 
such  assistants  as  Congress  may  from  time  to 
time  provide.  They  shall  be  appointed  by  the 
chief  draftsman  solely  with  reference  to  their 
fitness  for  their  particular  duties. 

Sec.  4.  That  public  bills,  or  amendments 
to  public  bills,  shall  be  drafted  or  revised  by 
the  said  bureau  on  request  of  the  President, 
any  committee  of  either  House  of  Congress, 
or  of  eight  Members  of  the  Senate  or  of 
twenty-five  Members  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives. The  Judiciary  Committees  of  both 
Houses  of  Congress,  acting  jointly,  may,  from 
time  to  time,  prescribe  rules  and  regulations 
for  the  conduct  of  the  said  bureau,  including 
provision  for  drafting  and  revision  upon  such 
other  requests  as  may  be  deemed  advisable. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  chief  draftsman  shall  sub- 
mit annually  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
estimates  of  the  appropriations  necessary  for 
the  maintenance  of  the  said  bureau,  and  shall 
make  to  Congress  at  the  beginning  of  each 
regular  session  a  report  as  to  the  affairs  of 
the  said  bureau  for  the  preceding  fiscal  year, 
which  shall  include  a  detailed  statement  of 
appropriations  and  expenditures. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  Librarian  of  Congress  is 
authorized  and  directed  to  establish  in  the 
Library  of  Congress  a  division  to  be_  known 
as  the  "Legislative  Reference  Division"  of 
the  Library  of  Congress,  and  to  employ  com- 
petent persons  therein  to  gather,  classify,  and 
make  available  in  translations,  indexes,  digests, 
compilations,  and  bulletins,  and  otherwise, 
data  for  or  bearing  upon  legislation,  to  ren- 
der such  data  serviceable  to  Congress  and 
committees  and  Members  thereof  and  to  the 
Legislative  Drafting  Bureau,  and  to  provide 
in  his  annual  estimates  for  the  compensation 
of  such  persons,  for  the  acquisition  of  ma- 
terial required  for  their  work,  and  for  other 
expenses  incidental  thereto. 


March,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


143 


UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY   EXPENDI- 
TURES 

LAST  month  we  printed  in  the  report  of  the 
librarian  of  the  University  of  Cincinnati  a 
summary  of  an  investigation  made  there  as  to 
the  relative  amounts  spent  by  different  colleges 
and  universities  in  the  purchase  of  books  per 
student.  We  have  received  the  results  of  an- 
other comparison  of  figures  made  by  W. 
Dawson  Johnston,  librarian  of  Columbia  Uni- 


versity, on  the  basis  of  total  library  expendi- 
ture, and  his  table,  which  we  print  herewith, 
shows  what  proportion  of  university  expendi- 
tures are  devoted  to  their  libraries  and  what, 
is  their  cost  per  student  enrolled.  The  figures 
are  based  upon  the  returns  made  to  the  United 
States  Bureau  of  Education  in  the  year  1908, 
are  limited  to  institutions  whose  total  expen- 
diture exceeded  $250,000,  and  arranged  in  the 
order  followed  in  the  Bureau  of  Education 
reports. 


Institution  Total  Student  Library  Per  cent.  Expenditure 

endowment         enrollment       expenditures  of  total  per  capita 

California   University $1,770,920  3,305  40,600  .022  12.27 

Stanford    University 854,812  1,738  36,578  .042  21.04 

Yale    University 1,157,686  3,433  48,946  .042  14.20 

Northwestern    University 899,565  3,997  14,410  .016  3.60 

Illinois    University 1,408,762  4,376  51,568  .036  11.78 

Indiana    University 322,410  2,051  11,103  .034  5.41 

Purdue  University 428,159  1,805  7,343  -017  4-°6 

Iowa  State  College 425,121  1,684  5,365  -012  3-lS 

Iowa   State   University 572,479  2,315  11,260  .019  4.86 

Kansas  State  University 405,939  2,044  i3,35o  .032  6.53 

Kansas    State   Agric.    Coll 396,806  2,192  6,020  .015  2.74 

U.    S.    Naval   Academy 820,728  854  9,5oo  .on  i.n 

Mass.    Inst.   of   Technology 537,196  1,415  10,985  .020  7.76 

Harvard  University 2,386,424  4,012  114,165  .047  28.45 

Michigan   University 1,123,910  4,554  55»6oi  .049  12.20 

Michigan    Agric.    Coll 407,547  960  4,349  -oio  4.53 

Minnesota    University 1,424,984  4,i59  37,93*  .026  9.12 

Mississippi  Agric.    Coll 379,522  1,005  5,056  .013  5.03 

Missouri    University 639,196  2,536  21,687  -033  8.54 

Washington    University 585,328  i,744  10,609  .018  6.08 

Nebraska   University 607,526  3,237  23,046  .037  7.11 

Nevada  University 291,015  347  3, 700  .012  10.66 

Dartmouth    College 496,962  1,218  14,555  -029  ii.n 

Princeton  University 411,910  1,301  4i>947  -101  32.24 

Cornell   University 1,421,165  3,734  49,840  .035  13-34 

New    York    City    College 494,000  3,921  4,7*2  .009  1.19 

Columbia    University 1,777,545  2,993  79,650  .044  26.61 

New    York    University 408,315  3,4*8  9,33Q  .022  2.69 

Syracuse    University 1,096,163  3,081  14,054  .012  4.56 

U.    S.    Military  Academy 1,148,492  507  14,684  .012  28.96 

Cincinnati    University 255,377  1,264  10,843  -042  8.57 

Western   Reserve  University 298,799  914  11,278  .037  12.33 

Ohio  State  University 727,869  2,256  20,750  .028  9.20 

Oberlin   University 265,525  1,848  10,661  .040  5.76 

Oklahoma    University 309,503  743  3,043  .009  4-09 

Pennsylvania  University 1,084,015  3,93*  39,054  -036  10.16 

Pennsylvania    State    Coll 507,051  1,151  7,800  .015  6.77 

Brown    University 406,929  025  34,646  .085  37-45 

Clemson     Agric      Coll 289,190  690  1,900  .006  2.75 

Texas    University 259,230  2,287  12.685  .048  $.«4. 

Texas    Agric.    Coll 346,495  576  739  -002  1.27 

Virginia  Polytechnic 255,016  546  2.454  -009  4.49 

Virginia  Universitv 502,000  1,306  18,452  .036  13.21 

Wisconsin    University i,  149,557  3,585  50,670  .044  14-13 


WORK   AND    READ 

DOES  THE  ARTISAN  APPRECIATE  GOOD  LITERA- 
TURE— YES  ! 

THE  artisan — and  I  happen  to  know  him 
well — is  not  such  a  dull  fellow  as  some  people 
would  have  us  believe.  With  the  exception 
of  those  who  are  sons  of  well-to-do  folk,  and 
who,  in  consequence,  have  received  a  more  or 
less  sound  educational  grounding,  artisans  are 
too  often  thought  to  be  incurably  ignorant, 
and  quite  incapable  of  appreciating  anything 
better  in  the  literary  line  than  the  sporting 
journal  and  the  most  sensational  newspaper. 

Now,  though  artisans  in  ^  general  have  only 
had  the  benefit  of  an  ordinary  board  school 
education,  it  does  not  necessarily  follow,  as 


superficial  Judgment  indicates,  that  they  have 
no  appreciation  of,  nor  love  for,  the  best  in 
literature.  If  one  would  know  the  full  rich- 
ness of  the  man  in  this  capacity,  as  in  that 
of  others,  one  must  eat  and  drink  with  him; 
in  fact,  live  the  daily  round  with  him,  year  in, 
.year  out. 

To  have  done  so  has  been  my  fortune,  and 
with  the  knowledge  of  facts  in  my  brain,  I 
can  safely  assert  that  the  craftsman  is  no 
dullard.  He  may  be  no  genius,  but  neither  is 
he  a  blockhead;  he  may  not  be  highly  edu- 
cated in  the  scholastic  sense,  but  neither  is 
he  sprawling  in  ignorance. 

I  have  known  several  who  knew  something 
about  Latin,  some  who  read  and  spoke  French, 
and  others,  again,  who  were  well  versed  in 


144 


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[March,  1913 


sociology,  in  science,  or  in  philosophy ;  indeed, 
I  once  had  an  artisan  in  my  employ  who  gave 
me  a  lucid  and  accurate  summary  of  Niet- 
zsche's philosophy  in  a  few  minutes —  but,  of 
course,  such  men  are  not  typical  of  the  ma- 
jority. Nevertheless,  though  the  latter  state- 
ment must  be  granted,  the  fact  need  not  be 
deplored;  for,  apart  from  bread-winning  con- 
siderations, such  knowledge  and  such  studies 
are  not  particularly  favored  by  any  other  class, 
and,  at  any  rate,  be  he  student  or  not,  the 
artisan  is  almost  always  a  reader,  and  has 
generally  the  capability  for  appreciating  the 
best  literature. 

To  say  so  in  sober  print  may  seem  some- 
what absurd  to  the  man  whose  knowledge  of 
the  craftsman's  literary  taste  is  founded  on 
seeing  him  read  the  "spicy"  newspaper,  but 
without  bother  I  could  bring  a  multitude  of 
facts  to  defend  the  assertion.  Moreover,  such 
reading  is  no  proof  that  the  artisan  lacks  the 
power  to  appreciate  good  books;  nay,  when 
one  comes  to  know  him  intimately,  one  finds 
that  this  seeming  lack  is  due  to  his  not  know- 
ing what  to  read  more  than  to  anything  else. 

The  truth  is  that  literature,  whether  in  the 
form  of  fiction,  poetry,  or  drama,  is  appre- 
ciated as  much  by  him  as  by  other  members 
of  the  community,  and  when  his  reading  falls 
below  zero  in  regard  to  the  classical  attain- 
ment of  the  authors  read,  as  I  regret  it  often 
does,  this  is  because  he  has  not  been  taught 
what  are  the  books  most  worth  reading — what 
are  the  books,  the  great  books  within  the  do- 
main of  the  literature  of  power. 

But — and  this  is  the  point  worth  noting — 
it  is  only  necessary  to  give  him  a  great  book 
and  a  mediocre  one  to  find  that  he  will  almost 
invariably  prefer  the  former.  How  this  comes 
about  in  his  case  and  not  in  others  that  might 
be  mentioned  is  another  question,  and  may  be 
answered  as  the  reader  will.  Suffice  it  for 
me  to  prove  my  case  by  citing  a  few  facts 
drawn  from  many  within  my  personal  experi- 
ence. 

For  instance,  some  years  ago  I  lent  two  or 
three  of  Shakespeare's  plays  to  a  young  ar- 
tisan, without  any  knowledge  whether  he 
would  read  them  through.  To  my  surprise, 
he  came  to  me  shortly  after,  wishing  to  know 
which  plays  he  should  read  next ;  he  had 
enjoyed  those  lent  him  so  much  that  he  wished 
to  buy  some,  but  was  not  sure  which  were 
best  worth  buying.  "Ah,"  he  said,  "I  wish  I 
had  known  years  ago  that  Shakespeare's  books 
were  so  good.  I  know  now  what  I've  been 
missing."  He  was  a  very  intelligent  fellow, 
but,  poor  man,  he  had  been  reading  worthless 
rubbish  for  years,  and  not  till  then  did  he  see 
the  force  of  getting  what  had  been  vaguely 
known  to  him  as  the  best  literature. 

The  same  man,  I  may  add,  had  also  "The 
cloister  and  the  hearth"  on  loan,  and  on  con- 
cluding the  reading  he  threw  the  book  on  the 
table,  exclaiming,  as  he  did  so,  "I  don't  know 
how  any  man  could  manage  to  write  a  book 
like  that!  It's  simply  wonderful!"  Needless 
to  say,  some  weeks  later  the  beginnings  of  a 


library  were  formed  by  him  with  Shakespeare 
and  Charles  Reade. 

Again,  I  knew  another  artisan  who  was 
quite  enamored  with  what  is,  perhaps,  the 
most  tantalizing  of  Meredith's  novels,  "The 
egoist" ;  while  still  another  appreciated  Hardy, 
and  acclaimed  his  "Pair  of '  blue  eyes"  to  be 
a  work  par  excellence,  the  most  interesting 
book  he  had  ever  read.  Neither  of  these  men 
had  previously  read  good  books,  but  on  their 
being  introduced  to  those  great  writers  they 
at  once  saw  their  past  folly. 

As  amusing,  however,  as  any  of  the  discov- 
eries of  the  unguided  literary  instinct  of  the 
artisan,  is  the  case  of  two  house  painters  who 
were  working  in  a  nobleman's  library  in  the 
west  of  Scotland,  and  found  there  FitzGerald's 
edition  of  "Omar  Khayyam."  It  was  during 
their  meal  hour;  so  the  book  was  pulled  out 
and  looked  into.  The  first  verse  was  attrac- 
tive, the  second  not  less  so,  with  the  result 
that  every  dinner  hour  saw  the  men  in  the 
room  before  recommencing  work,  the  one  read- 
ing to  the  other.  The  nobleman's  edition  was 
a  sumptuous  one,  and  when  the  job  was  fin- 
ished the  men  were  in  perplexity  with  regard 
to  parting  from  their  favorite,  and  ventured 
to  speak  to  me  on  the  subject.  Each  wanted 
a  copy  of  the  poem,  but  the  cost! — ah,  that 
was  the  drawback.  Straightway,  to  their  de- 
light, I  guided  them  to  one  of  the  many  cheap 
reprints. 

Still  another  craftsman  I  knew  was  devoted 
to  Goethe,  Tennyson,  Shelley,  Burns  and 
Keats,  and  almost  every  good  piece  of  litera- 
ture he  could  procure.  Speaking  of  Goethe, 
reminds  me  of  an  older  man,  twice  married 
and  with  a  large  family,  who  appreciated  to 
the  full  "Faust,"  "The  sorrows  of  Werther," 
and  similar  works.  More  than  once  I  dropped 
in  upon  him  in  his  reading,  but  always  found 
he  had  some  exclamation  of  pleasure  on  his 
lips ;  indeed,  this  was  so  marked  that  I  felt 
he  was  one  for  whom  the  best  literature  had 
an  irresistible  charm.  When  reading  Shake- 
speare he  seemed  to  inhale  the  very  spirit  of 
the  great  Elizabethan  age,  and  he  was  wont 
to  say  with  a  headshake,  "Ah,  those  were  the 
good  old  days.  Fine  to  have  been  alive 
then!" 

But  perhaps  that  is  enough.  Let  it  just  be 
said  that  the  facts  I  have  cited  point  with  no 
uncertain  index  to  the  appreciation  of  good 
literature  by  a  large  class  of  hand  workers, 
and  that  though  their  appreciation  may,  strict- 
ly speaking  and  to  the  literary  critic,  be  little 
more  than  mere  enjoyment,  it  is  none  the  less 
of  much  significance. 

After  all,  too,  though  the  delicate  literary 
craftsmanship  of  a  Stevenson,  a  Hardy,  and  a 
Tennyson  may  often  be  lost  on  the  average 
artisan,  it  does  not  matter  much.  Great  liter- 
ature is  not  merely  a  matter  of  technique;  it 
is  an  appeal  to  the  soul  of  man,  and  it  is  in 
this  latter  way  that  it  mostly  attracts  the  class 
spoken  of — truly  not  an  ignoble  way,  if  not  the 
aesthetic  and  learned  way.— JAMES  H.  GALLO- 
WAY, in  The  Book  Monthly. 


March,   1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


145 


THE   CHILDREN'S    LIBRARY   OF 
STOCKHOLM 

THE  opening  of  a  library  for  children  in  the 
city  of  Stockholm  marks  a  significant  step 
in  progress  toward  an  international  develop- 
ment of  library  work  with  children.  The  idea 
of  establishing  a  children's  library  in  Sweden 
originated  with  Dr.  Valfrid  Palmgren,  who 
was  sent  by  the  Swedish  government  to  visit 
public  libraries  in  the  United  States  in  the 
fall  of  1907.  Dr.  Palmgren  spent  about  three 
months  in  this  country.  On  her  return  to 
Swedtn  she  at  once  began  an  active  campaign 
of  writing  and  lecturing  and  instruction  of 
those  who  have  since  assisted  her  in  develop- 
ing public  library  work  in  Sweden. 

The  Swedish  Government  has  printed  two 
reports  prepared  by  Dr.  Palmgren  as  a  result 
of  her  investigations.  The  first  was  descrip- 
tive of  the  work  in  American  libraries.  The 
second  dealt  with  plans  for  public  libraries  to 
be  developed  in  Sweden.  Without  waiting 
to  finish  these  reports  Dr.  Palmgren  gave 
several  courses  in  library  instruction  and  ap- 
plied herself  to  the  task  of  raising  sufficient 
funds  to  equip  and  maintain  a  children's  li- 
brary until  such  time  as  it  should  justify  its 
existence.  In  December.  1911,  the  Chil- 
dren's Library  of  Stockholm  was  formally 
opened  with  a  collection  of  about  two  thou- 
sand books  on  open  shelves,  with  tables  and 
chairs  made  according  to  measurements  taken 
in  America,  and  with  a  staff  of  assistants 
selected  and  trained  by  Dr.  Palmgren  herself. 
It  may  be  of  interest  to  other  children's 
librarians  to  know  that  I  visited  the  Children's 
Library  of  Stockholm  last  August  and  found 
it  in  every  respect  a  model  children's  room, 
complete  in  equipment  —  including  a  very 
clearly  written  card  catalog — and  most  at- 
tractive in  arrangement  and  decoration.  It  is 
well  situated  in  a  shopping  district  and  oc- 
cupies the  floor  above  a  shop  known  as  the 
London  Bazaar  where  one  was  tempted  to 
linger  by  most  fascinating  Swedish  dolls  and 
wooden  toys.  A  walk  through  the  neighbor- 
ing streets  revealed  the  accessibility  of  the 
library  to  many  classes  of  children. 

From  my  talks  with  the  children's  librarian^ 
and  later  with  Dr.  Palmgren,  I  learned  that 
certain  problems  of  a  children's  library  are 
about  the  same  in  one  country  as  in  another. 
There,  as  here,  it  had  been  necessary  at 
times  to  limit  the  use  of  the  room  to  prevent 
overcrowding,  the  reference  work  among 
school  children  was  growing  steadily  and 
there  was  very  lively  interest  among  parents 
and  teachers  concerning  the  selection  of 
books  for  children.  In  Sweden,  as  in  other 
European  countries,  there  is  a  notable  lack 
of  children's  books  classified  as  non-fiction. 
It  was  the  belief  of  the  children's  librarian 
that  very  much  more  non-fiction  would  be 
read  if  the  books  existed  in  a  form  attractive 
to  boys  and  girls.  Adult  non-fiction  was  read 
to  some  extent,  but  not  nearly  to  the  extent 


that  it  is  read  in  this  country,  where  books 
of  non-fiction  written  for  children  serve  as 
a  direct  stimulus  of  interest  in  non-fiction 
written  for  adults. 

Requests  have  come  from  Sweden  and  other 
countries  for  advice  as  to  books  suitable  for 
translation,  especially  for  books  dealing  with 
American  history,  travel  and  description,  citi- 
zenship, mechanical  and  scientific  subjects,  and 
amusements. 

Translations  of  "Little  women,"  "Little  Lord 
Fauntleroy,"  "Tom  Sawyer,"  and  other  Amer- 
ican stories  are  very  popular. 

The  educator  of  the  European  child  who  is 
to  remain  in  his  own  country  presents  a  very 
different  problem  to  the  children's  librarian 
than  is  presented  by  the  average  teacher  of 
the  immigrant  child  who  is  to  be  made  into 
an  American  in  our  own  public  schools. 
Graded  lists  and  formalized  instruction  are 
of  very  little  use  in  dealing  with  this 
problem.  Out  of  the  needs  expressed  by  visi- 
tors and  out  of  the  experience  now  gathering 
in  other  countries,  as  well  as  our  own,  we 
should  be  able  to  accomplish  some  bibliogra- 
phical work  of  very  considerable  interest. 

We  have  done  the  pioneering  in  establishing 
children's  libraries.  The  challenge  is  now 
given  to  show  what  we  have  done  and  are 
doing  and  are  going  to  do  with  the  children's 
books  we  have  placed  in  those  rooms,  both 
in  relation  to  our  communities  and  to 
those  of  other  countries.  It  is  at  once  the 
most  inspiring  and  the  most  difficult  stage  of 
development  in  the  work.  Probably  no  one 
of  us  will  attempt  to  answer  the  question  of 
a  young  woman  who  asked  what  statis- 
tics could  be  furnished  by  American  libraries 
as  to  the  moral  value  of  children's  reading. 
Work  with  children  as  well  as  special  litera- 
ture for  them  has  always  been  haunted  by  the 
moralist,  the  didacticist  or  the  sentimentalist, 
but  there  has  never  been  a  time  when  the 
standards  of  human  interests  and  requirements 
in  different  countries  offered  so  strong  an  an- 
tidote to  these  sources  of  weakness,  nor  so  vig- 
orous an  incentive  to  the  production  and  uses 
of  more  robust  literature  and  art. 

ANNIE   CARROLL  MOORE. 

ARE  THE  CLASSICS  READ? 

THE  City  Library  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  ex- 
perimented recently  to  see  if  modern  readers 
are  really  as  dull  mentally  as  their  supposedly 
neglectful  attitude  toward  the  classics  would 
imply.  Once  give  the  classics  the  advantage 
of  at  least  as  much  bulletin  notice  as  that  given 
recent  fiction,  and  let  us  see  what  will  happen, 
was  the  librarian's  fair-minded  scheme.  This 
is  how  it  worked : 

"Last  May  the  city  library  placed  in  its  de- 
livery room  a  selection  of  more  than  one  hun- 
dred classics  in  English  form.  These  included 
some  of  the  most  famous  writers  of  all  ages 
and  countries — Homer,  Plato,  Horace,  Dante, 
Goethe,  etc.  They  were  plainly  labelled  'clas- 


146 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


sics'  so  that  there  should  be  no  misunderstand- 
ing as  to  their  character.  Newspaper  notices 
called  attention  to  the  books,  but  aside  from 
this  they  were  not  advertised  in  any  way. 

"From  the  first  the  collection  was  a  pro- 
nounced success.  It  seemed  to  attract  all 
classes  of  readers.  Young  and  old,  rich  and 
poor,  men  and  women,  could  be  seen  standing 
in  front  of  the  case  and  examining  the  vol- 
umes. In  a  month  so  many  of  the  books  were 
in  circulation  that  it  was  found  necessary  to 
replenish  the  supply.  When  in  the  fall  the 
volumes  were  sent  back  to  their  places  in  the 
stacks,  only  two  had  not  been  taken  out  by 
readers.  Curiously  enough  one  of  these  was 
a  most  readable  work — Trevelyan's  'Life  of 
Macaulay/  The  other  was  Leigh  Hunt's  'Es- 
says/ Many  of  the  books  showed  a  surprising 
popularity.  The  'Odyssey'  was  drawn  eight 
times;  Dante's  'Divine  comedy,'  seven  times; 
Epictetus,  six;  Rousseau's  'Emile/  six;  the 
'Rubaiyat  of  Omar  Khayyam,'  six;  Moliere's 
plays,  six;  Plato's  'Republic,'  four;  Goethe's 
'Faust/  four.  A  number  of  books  for  which 
the  library  attendants  are  seldom  asked  circu- 
lated freely.  Thus  Malory's  'Morte  d' Arthur' 
went  out  four  times;  More's  'Utopia/  six; 
'Little  flowers  of  St.  Francis  of  Assisi/  seven ; 
Pliny's  'Letters/  three.  Among  more  modern 
writings  some  of  the  favorites  were  Carlyle's 
'Sartor  resartus'  with  a  record  of  eight  circu- 
lations; Borrow's  'The, Bible  in  Spain/  eight; 
Amiel's  'Journal/  six;  Cellini"s  'Memoirs/ 
four;  and  Newman's  'Apologia/  four.  The 
English  poets  made  a  very  good  showing  with 
six  circulations  for  Shakespeare,  five  for  Spen- 
ser's 'Faerie  queene/  four  for  Scott,  four  for 
Browning,  three  each  for  Tennyson,  Burns, 
Byron,  and  Keats,  and  six  for  Rossetti.  The 
English  essayists,  including  the  older  ones  — 
Bacon,  Addison,  Lamb,  and  the  moderns  — 
Arnold,  Ruskin,  Emerson,  Pater,  etc.,  were 
frequently  chosen.  Since  many  of  these  books 
were  taken  for  four  and  six  weeks  and  a  con- 
siderable number  for  even  longer  periods  on 
the  summer  vacation  privilege,  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  great  majority  were  in  practically 
continuous  use ;  in  fact,  there  was  seldom  more 
than  a  scanty  supply  to  be  found  on  the  shelf. 

"While  placing  this  comparatively  small  num- 
ber of  classics  in  a  prominent  place  undoubted- 
ly increased  their  circulation,  it  does  not  by 
any  means  follow  that  they  would  not  have 
been  borrowed  otherwise.  There  is  a  steady 
call  for  most  of  these  works  year  in  and  year 
out.  It  was  a  noticeable  fact  that  when  the 
books  for  the  collection  were  brought  together, 
in  many  cases  it  was  difficult,  and  in  some  im- 
possible, to  find  a  copy  that  was  not  shabby 
from  use. 

"Not  content  with  this  excursion  into  the 
business  of  booming  the  classics,  the  librarian 
investigated  the  regular  normal  circulation 
among  his  old  masters.  For  larger  libraries 
with  larger  reference  departments,  a  fair  aver- 
age circulation,  aside  from  fiction  and  juve- 
niles, is  one  issue  a  year  for  each  volume 
owned.  A  selection  of  classic  titles  was  in- 


vestigated, exclusion  of  books  likely  to  be  taken 
put  by  school  children  for  supplementary  read  - 
ing,  and  the  following  figures  show  some  of 
the  data  discovered: 

"From  May,  1911,  to  May,  191-2,  the  library's 
various  copies  of  the  'Odyssey'  in  English  went 
out  twenty-two  times ;  Goethe's  'Faust'  twenty- 
six  times;  Plutarch's  •  'Lives/  twenty-one; 
Dante's  'Divine  comedy/  twenty.  Some  of  the 
others  stood  as  follows :  Rousseau's  'Emile/ 
fourteen;  the  'Rubaiyat  of  Omar  Khayyam/ 
twelve;  Byron's  'Poems/  twelve;  Pope's 
'Poems/  twelve;  Spenser's  'Poems/  eleven; 
Chaucer,  eight;  Moliere's  'Plays/  seven;  Ros- 
setti's  'Poems/  seven;  Bacon's  'Essays/  nine; 
Carlyle's  'Sartor  resartus/  seven;  the  'Niebel- 
ungenlied/  five ;  'Little  flowers  of  St.  Francis  of 
Assisi/  five;  Cellini's  'Memoirs/  four;  'Con- 
fessions of  St.  Augustine/  three. 

"In  very  many  instances  these  records 
show  less  than  the  actual  number  of  circula- 
tions because  the  slips  containing  the  charging 
records  had  become  filled  and  been  replaced. 
But  the  figures  given  above  clearly  indicate 
that  the  classics,  far  from  being  dead,  are,  so 
far  as  the  public  library  use  is  concerned,  con- 
siderably more  than  holding  their  own  with 
the  other  books,  for  the  whole  list  circulated 
more  than  seven  times  as  often  as  the  average. 
It  must  also  be  borne  in  mind  that  these  are 
the  books  most  likely  to  be  found  in  private 
homes  and  so  less  frequently  sought  at  the 
public  library.  Often  men  and  women  who 
go  to  the  public  library  for  the  latest  biography, 
travel,  or  essays,  turn  to  their  own  books  when 
they  wish  for  a  quiet  evening  with  the  masters 
of  literature. 

"It  is  impossible  for  any  one  to  say  how 
much  the  classics  are  read,  but  that  they  are 
not  so  much  neglected  as  some  people  think  is 
capable  of  proof.  Since  even  moderate  effort 
to  promote  their  use  is  attended  with  so  much 
success,  the  library  feels  encouraged  to  turn 
still  further  energies  in  this  direction.  It  is 
planned  to  repeat  the  experiment  another  year, 
when  special  pains  will  be  taken  to  furnish 
clean  and  attractively  bound  copies  of  the 
books."  

A.    L.    A.    EXECUTIVE    BOARD 

The  committee  on  nominations,  of  which 
Judson  T.  Jennings  is  chairman,  includes,  be- 
sides the  members  noted  in  the  February  LI- 
BRARY JOURNAL,  Miss  Clara  F.  Baldwin. 


LONDON  AGENCY 

THE  American  Book  Import  Business  and 
the  Subscription  Agency  for  American  Peri- 
odicals, conducted  for  many  years  past  by 
Kegan  Paul,  Trench,  Trubner  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  of 
London,  has  been  transferred  to  and  amalga- 
mated with  the  American  Book  Agency  of 
Arthur  F.  Bird,  of  22  Bedford  Street,  Strand, 
from  which  address  the  business  will  in  future 
be  conducted.  The  foreign  subscription  busi- 
ness of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  will  hereafter 
be  handled  by  this  firm. 


March,   1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


147 


OUR    NATIONAL   ARCHIVES 

ACCORDING  to  an  article  by  W.  G.  Leland 
in  the  American  Historical  Review,  the  United 
States,  although  lavish  in  appropriations  for 
the  purchase  of  historical  papers  and  for  the 
publication  of  historical  documents,  has  sig- 
nally failed  in  the  duty  of  preserving  and  ren- 
dering accessible  the  national  archives.  This 
article  is  devoted  to  a  review  of  this  failure 
and  its  consequences,  and  a  consideration  of 
the  remedies  to  be  adopted. 

The  archives  of  the  federal  government, 
consisting  of  letters,  orders,  reports,  accounts 
and  other  documents  produced  in  the  course 
of  transacting  the  public  business,  are  of  in- 
estimable value.  They  constitute  the  chief 
protection  of  the  state  against  unfounded  or 
ill-founded  claims,  are  principal  source  for 
argument  in  international  discussion,  are  the 
basis  on  which  titles  to  millions  of  acres  of 
land  are  founded,  and  have  immense  histor- 
ical value.  Mr.  Leland  considers  some  of  the 
archives  of  the  various  active  departments 
most  interesting  historically. 

The  custody,  use  and  preservation  of  these 
records  is  in  charge  of  the  head  of  each  de- 
partment, who  is  required  by  law  to  furnish 
facilities  for  study  and  research  to  scientific 
investigators.  But  the  astonishingly  rapid 
accumulation  of  archives  and  the  failure  of 
Congress  to  provide  a  place  for  them  have 
brought  about  a  disastrous  state  of  conges- 
tion. 

The  archives  are  now  "in  cellars  and  sub- 
cellars,  under  terraces,  in  attics  and  over  por- 
ticos, in  corridors  and  closed-up  doorways, 
piled  in  heaps  upon  the  floor  or  crowded  into 
alcoves;  this,  if  they  are  not  farmed  out  and 
stored  in  such  rented  structures  as  abandoned 
car-barns,  storage  warehouses,  deserted  the- 
atres, or  ancient  but  more  humble  edifices 
that  should  long  ago  have  served  their  last 
useful  purpose." 

The  danger  from  fire  is  an  ever-present 
one.  Damp  and  dust,  extremes  of  tempera- 
ture, lack  of  ventilation  and  rough  handling 
are  destroying  many  priceless  documents. 
Autograph  hunters,  searchers  for  revenue 
stamps,  and  other  vandals  have  made  serious 
depredations.  Many  papers  are  hopelessly 
lost.  The  student  finds  documents  and  classi- 
fication in  a  chaotic  state.  Most  historical 
students,  as  a  consequence  of  this  condition, 
prefer  to  carry  on  their  investigations  in  Lon- 
don, Paris  or  the  Hague. 

The  two  remedies  so  far  attempted  by  Con- 
gress— the  destruction  of  "useless  papers"  and 
transfer  of  especially  valuable  records  to  the 
Library  of  Congress — are  alike  inadequate. 
Moreover,  the  dangers  of  unwise  destruction 
on  the  one  hand,  and  of  the  disintegration  of 
a  series  of  archives  on  the  other,  are  appar- 
ent. The  present  method  of  storage  of  rec- 
ords in  rented  buildings  increases  fire  danger, 
obstructs  the  transaction  of  public  business, 
and  is  extravagant. 

"The  two  essentials  for  a  satisfactory  sys- 


tem are  an  archive  administration  and  an 
archive  depot.  The  former  should  be  a  branch 
of  the  government  service  closely  connected 
with  all  the  other  branches,  and  to  a  certain 
extent  controlled  by  them.  The  latter,  how- 
ever, is  the  core  of  the  situation." 

The  site  of  the  building  is  the  first  matter 
to  receive  attention.  This  must  satisfy  the 
requirements  of  size,  security  and  conven- 
ience. Since  additions  will  be  an  inevitable 
necessity,  the  location  must  be  such  as  to 
admit  of  these  enlargements.  Contiguity  to 
other  government  offices  is  not  considered 
essential  in  Europe,  since,  by  use  of  the  tele- 
phone and  pneumatic  tube,  records  can  be 
supplied  as  quickly  as  though  they  were  lo- 
cated in  the  same  building. 

The  building  should  have  a  capacity  of 
3,000,000  cubic  feet,  and  enlargements  should 
be  made  before  they  are  actually  needed.  Ex- 
ternally, it  should  be  in  harmony  with  the 
public  buildings  erected  in  Washington  with- 
in the  last  ten  years.  For  the  inner  structure, 
suggestions  might  be  gained  from  the  Hague, 
Rotterdam,  Breslau,  Berlin,  Vienna  and  other 
European  models. 

The  building  should  undoubtedly  be  of  the 
type  in  which  storage  is  provided  for  by  a 
stack,  rather  than  of  the  type  made  up  en- 
tirely of  rooms  of  varying  size.  The  stack, 
or  stacks,  consisting  of  a  steel  framework 
carrying  shelves,  extending  from  the  foun- 
dation to  the  roof  and  divided  by  platforms 
into  stories,  should  be  separated  from  the  rest 
of  the  building  by  fire  walls  with  steel  doors. 
Within  the  stack  should  be  elevators,  a  vac- 
uum-cleaning system  and  ample  electric  light. 
Ventilation  and  heating  systems  should  insure 
an  abundance  of  air  and  even  temperature. 

In  the  rest  of  the  building,  provision  must 
be  made  for  the  offices  of  the  administration, 
for  the  workrooms  of  employees  where  arch- 
ives will  be  received,  repaired,  inventoried, 
etc.,  and  for  accommodation  for  those  who 
wish  to  use  the  archives.  Two  rooms,  prefer- 
ably, should  be  provided,  one  for  official  con- 
sultation and  one — accommodating  about  a 
hundred  workers — for  students.  Two  or  three 
small  rooms,  where  typewriters  could  be  used 
by  students,  might  also  be  provided. 

The  control  of  records  should  be  in  the 
hands  of  a  board  or  commission  of  the  arch- 
ive building,  rather  than  legally  in  the  cus- 
tody of  the  same  officials,  as  at  present. 

An  archivist,  or  keeper  of  records,  should 
be  at  the  head  of  the  archive  depot.  Under 
him  would  be  the  entire  personnel  of  the 
depot. 

Private  archives  and  historical  manuscripts 
should  not  be  placed  in  the  archive  depot.  The 
question  of  which  public  archives  should  be 
transferred  to  the  national  archives  and 
which  retained  in  the  offices  would  be  deter- 
mined by  the  extent  to  which  the  records 
are  used  in  the  transaction  of  current  busi- 
ness. 

All  papers  should  be  filed  flat.  Probably 
a  system  of  loose  filing  in  folders  or  port- 


148 


THE    LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


folios  would  be  found  most  desirable.  Use- 
less papers  should  be  weeded  out,  and  their 
immediate  destruction  assured. 

No  decimal  system  of  classification,  no 
purely  chronological  or  alphabetical  arrange- 
ment can  be  successfully  applied  to  the  classi- 
fication of  archives.  The  administrative  en- 
tity must  be  the  starting  point  and  the  unit, 
so  that  the  processes  by  which  the  records 
have  come  into  existence  may  be  made  clear. 
A  general  guide  should  be  prepared,  enu- 
merating the  various  groups  or  series  of 
records,  indicating  series,  title,  number  of  vol- 
umes and  limiting  dates,  but  no  further  de- 
tails. The  next  step  is  the  preparation  of 
inventories  of  the  contents  of  the  different 
series.  Then  we  may  expect  that  calendars 
of  certain  of  the  more  important  documents 
will  eventually  be  published.  The  exploitation 
of  the  archives  by  the  publication  of  groups 
of  documents  would  perhaps  not  be  a  proper 
function  of  the  archivist.  Rather,  it  should 
be  left  to  the  various  historical  agencies  of 
the  country. 

The  use  of  the  archives  by  officials  might 
be  facilitated  by  the  transfer  to  the  depot  of 
certain  offices,  the  principal  function  of  which 
is  to  search  the  records.  Or  these  offices 
might  be  abolished,  and  the  function  per- 
formed by  a  special  corps  of  archive  em- 
ployees. 

With  regard  to  the  use  of  the  archives  by 
students,  lawyers  and  others,  it  would  be  nec- 
essary to  formulate  regulations  .  A  satis- 
factory proceedure  would  be  to  establish  a 
chronological  line  on  the  earlier  side  of  which 
any  investigation  could  be  made  without  the 
obtaining  of  special  consent,  but  on  the  later 
side  of  which  each  case  should  be  treated  on 
its  merits. 

"The  very  absence  of  a  system  and  of  a 
building,"  says  Mr.  Leland,  "leaves  us  carte 
blanche  for  arrangements  marked  by  ideal 
excellence.  Why  should  the  nation  not  have 
the  best  of  all  national  archive  buildings? 
Is  it  not  incumbent  upon  all  who  cherish  our 
history,  and  who  desire  that  the  rightful 
heritage  of  future  generations  shall  pass  to 
them  unimpaired,  to  urge  vigorously  upon 
Congress  the  performance  of  this  long-neg- 
lected duty,  the  meeting  of  this  pressing  prob- 
lem by  an  ideal  solution?" 

THE  METHODS  OF  NEWSPAPER 
LIBRARIES 

WHEN  the  plans  and  equipment  of  the 
Pulitzer  School  of  Journalism  were  being  dis- 
cussed, the  question  of  a  library  came  up,  and 
though  libraries  were  searched  for  inform- 
ation, nothing  very  pertinent  could  be  found. 
Accordingly,  Mr.  Frederick  C.  Hicks,  of  the 
Columbia  University  Library,  made  a  study 
of  the  chief  newspaper  libraries  in  New  York, 
and  put  on  record  his  observations  in  the 
Educational  Review  for  September,  1912. 

Out   of   nine  offices   visited  by  Mr.   Hicks, 


seven  have  organized  libraries  and  two  have 
none.  Six  of  the  collections  are  in  charge  of 
persons  called  librarians,  but  only  two  of 
them  have  had  previous  library  training  of 
any  sort.  In  all  but  three  cases  the  custodian 
has  other  duties.  Newspaper  libraries  are 
perfectly  independent,  and,  have  worked  out 
their  own  needs.  Much  can  be  learned 
from  their  methods,  and  doubtless  will  when 
the  Special  Libraries  Association  comes  more 
in  touch  with  them. 

Two  points  newspaper  librarians  agree  upon 
— the  size  of  the  library  and  its  essential 
character.  "The  libraries  range  in  size  from 
about  2000  to  15,000  volumes,  and  it  is  the 
common  opinion  that  when  a  library  reaches 
the  number  of  5000  volumes  it  is  time  to 
weed  it  out.  Of  course,  there  are  many  rea- 
sons entering  into  this  conclusion,  and  not 
the  least  of  these  is  the  difficulty  of  finding 
space  for  a  large  library;  but  even  more  im- 
portant to  busy  men  is  the  fact  that  large 
collections  are  apt  to  become  unwieldy.  .  .  . 
The  proper  size  of  these  libraries  must  be 
determined,  however,  chiefly  by  their  neces- 
sary character;  and  it  is  agreed  that  they 
should  be  reference  libraries,  pure  and  sim- 
ple. ...  'A  newspaper  library,'  said  a  city, 
editor,  'should  be  divided  into  two  parts,  and 
these  parts  should  be  separately  grouped.  The 
solid,  reliable  books,  containing  arguments 
pro  and  con,  from  which  you  can  at  leisure 
dig  out  the  facts,  should  stand  by  them- 
selves.' But  the  'hair-trigger'  books,  which 
you  use  when  in  five  minutes  you  tear  the  heart 
out  of  a  subject  and  send  your  copy  to  the 
linotype  while  the  presses  wait,  must  be  liter- 
ally within  arm's  reach.  The  rest  of  the  li- 
brary may  be  a  block  away,  either  vertically 
or  horizontally,  and  still  be  useful." 

"Hair-trigger"  books  are  for  the  most  part 
in  one  volume  appearing  yearly,  and  contain 
information  in  its  most  condensed  form. 
Newspaper  almanacs,  such  as  those  issued  by 
the  New  York  World,  the  Tribune,  Chicago 
Daily  News,  and  the  London  Daily  Mail;  no- 
bility lists  of  foreign  countries,  "Who's  who" 
of  various  sorts,  social  registers,  army  and 
navy  lists,  commercial  handbooks,  legislative 
manuals,  yearbooks  and  reports,  are  among 
the  best-known.  The  division  into  two  groups 
in  fact  corresponds  to  the  division  of  the 
journal  itself,  into  news  and  editorial  sections. 

CLASSIFICATION    AND   CATALOG 

"The  Dewey  classification  is  the  only  sys- 
tematic scheme  with  which  the  newspaper  li- 
braries visited  are  familiar.  In  one  instance 
the  call  numbers  are  affixed  in  library  fash- 
ion, on  both  cards  and  books,  and  in  another 
the  numbers  are  written  in  the  books,  although 
there  is  no  catalog,  the  classification  having 
been  made  in  the  busy  librarian's  odd  mo- 
ments by  the  aid  of  the  Pittsburgh  printed 
catalog.  In  all  other  cases  the  books  are 
devoid  of  call  numbers,  and  the  grouping  is 
that  which  seems  most  natural  to  the  libra- 


March,   1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


149 


rian.  In  three  instances  there  is  a  dictionary 
card  catalog.  In  one  of  these  the  Library  of 
Congress  cards  are  in  use.  One  library  has 
printed  in  a  little  booklet  of  46  pages  a  rough 
list,  loosely  classified,  of  the  most  important 
books,  with  their  location  in  the  building.  In 
every  instance  the  need  of  a  systematic  cata- 
log and  classification  is  admitted,  but  these 
have  thus  far  been  impossible  on  account  of 
lack  of  time  and  technical  skill. 

ADMINISTRATION 

"In  all  but  four  cases,  the  administration  of 
the  library  apparently  has  been  given  little  or 
no  attention;  but  the  variations  in  method 
employed  by  these  four  raise  this  question  of 
policy :  'Is  it  possible  to  allow  free  access  to 
the  shelves,  or  must  the  library  proper  be 
shut  off  from  the  readers,  who  therefore,  will 
depend  on  the  librarian  not  only  to  find  books 
for  them,  but  to  search  out  the  precise  bit  of 
information  desired?'  The  methods  used 
vary  from  complete  open  access  to  brass 
gratings  and  stern  guardianship." 

CLIPPINGS 

In  only  three  libraries  are  the  clipping  files 
coordinated  with  the  books ;  in  the  other  four 
they  are  either  in  the  news  or  city  room  or 
nearby.  The  morgue,  or  •  obit,  department 
contains  primarily  biographical  clippings  and 
obituaries  of  famous  people  already  in  type, 
but  its  scope  has  been  extended  to  include  all 
other  subjects.  In  three  instances  only  does 
the  morgue  require  the  whole  time  of  one 
or  more  persons.  The  character  of  the  cus- 
todian ranges  from  the  scholar  on  Polynesian 
languages,  who  is  general  literary  adviser  to 
all  newswriters  on  his  paper,  down  to  boys 
whose  duties  are  purely  mechanical.  Clip- 
pings are  selected  by  the  person  in  charge  and 
filed  by  assistants. 

"The  furniture  in  which  the  clippings  are 
filed  varies  from  antiquated  wooden  drawers 
to  modern  wooden  or  metal  filing  cabinets 
and  steel  shelving  constructed  to  hold  a  spe- 
cial size  of  envelopes.  There  is  no  uniformity 
in  the  size  of  the  manila  envelopes,  but  the 
favorite  approximates  about  4^2  x  8  inches. 
These  either  stand  on  end  or  lie  on  their 
sides,  depending  on  the  filing  cabinets  chosen. 
Usually  the  envelopes  are  arranged  alphabet- 
ically, according  to  the  subjects  written  or 
typed  upon  them.  In  most  morgues,  the  en- 
velopes were  originally  arranged  by  number, 
and  an  alphabetical  card  index  was  kept.  The 
general  opinion  is,  however,  that  the  arrange- 
ment is  cumbersome  and  that  the  morgue 
would  be  absolutely  useless  if  the  index  were 
lost."  There  is  only  one  instance  of  co- 
operation between  the  morgue  and  the  library 
proper,  where  there  is  a  system  of  cross- 
references  to  the  books.  The  simple  system 
serves  chiefly  because  of  the  detailed  knowl- 
edge of  the  custodian.  Some  of  the  expedi- 
ents used  are  not  according  to  accepted  li- 
brary conditions ;  for  instance,  in  one  morgue, 
among  the  one  hundred  envelopes  headed 


Roosevelt,  is  one  containing  the  cross-refer- 
ence "See  liars."  Under  this  heading  are  ten 
or  fifteen  envelopes  of  clippings  about  the 
members  of  the  Ananias  Club. 

In  every  newspaper  office  the  value  of  sys- 
tematic subject  headings  is  recognized,  but 
only  two  have  had  time  to  prepare  them. 

WEEDING  OUT 

"No  less  important  than  the  selection,  care 
and  arrangement  of  the  clippings  is  the  prob- 
lem of  keeping  the  morgue  free  from  useless 
material.  Quite  general  is  the  practice  of  re- 
moving from  the  current  files  the  envelopes 
containing  clippings  about  persons  who  have 
died.  For  less  important  persons  the  clippings 
are  destroyed,  but  persons  of  great  promin- 
ence still  live  in  the  morgue.  ...  In  only  one 
case  was  there  a  system  for  weeding  out 
clippings  other  than  biographical.  This  lack 
of  system  results  either  in  the  accumulation 
of  useless  material,  or  in  the  destruction  of 
clippings  which  later  are  sadly  needed." 

There  are  two  types  of  morgues  between 
which  newspaper  librarians  must  decide.  The 
largest  development  of  the  older  type  of 
morgues  is  seen  in  a  collection  made  up  of 
about  125,000  envelopes,  each  containing  fat 
bunches  of  clippings.  The  accumulation  dates 
from  1889,  since  which  time  no  clippings  have 
been  destroyed.  The  total  of  items  must  run 
into  the  millions.  A  file  of  cuts  ^and  proofs 
and  one  of  photographs,  etc.,  which  may  be 
of  future  use  to  the  paper  are  also  kept. 

The  second  type  of  morgue  differs  from 
others  in  filing  each  item  separately.  When 
its  present  work  of  reorganization  is  finished 
it  will  be  made  up  as  follows:  All  short  clip- 
pings, as  at  present,  will  be  pasted  on  cards 
and  arranged  alphabetically.  Clippings  too 
long  to  paste  will  be  kept  in  thin  envelopes 
or  indexed  to  the  bound  volumes  of  a  paper. 
There  is  to  be  a  file  of  cuts  and  an  index  to 
them.  There  will  be  only  two  places  to  look 
for  an  item  or  a  reference  to  it — the  biog- 
raphical file  and  the  file  for  all  other  subjects. 
The  separate  treatment  of  each  item  makes 
the  morgue  an  approximate  index  to  the 
papers  clipped,  and  an  accurate  and  sole  in- 
dex of  the  paper  itself.  The  clippings  are 
weeded  out  daily. 

BOUND    FILES    OF    NEWSPAPERS 

The  success  of  the  second  type  of  morgue 
described  above  depends  on  the  maintenance 
of  indexed  and  bound  files  of  newspapers. 

"Of  the  papers  visited,  three  maintained 
bound  files  of  their  own  paper  only.  All  of 
the  others  had  rather  extensive  files  of  bound 
newspapers.  One  paper  formerly  had  a  large 
collection  of  bound  files,  but  has  transferred 
to  the  New  York  Public  Library  all  volumes 
of  New  York  newspapers,  except  its  own,  of 
which  only  those  since  the  year  1881  are  re- 
tained." 

It  is  usual  to  bind  only  the  morning  papers, 
presuming  that  all  important  news  will  be 
found  in  them.  New  York  newspapers  run 


150 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


to  so  many  editions  that  it  is  impossible  to 
bind  complete  copies  of  each  edition;  so  a 
composite  volume  is  made  of  the  last  edition 
and  the  subsequently  altered  pages  from  ear- 
lier ones. 

INDEXES 

Only  four  New  York  papers  have  ever  is- 
sued printed  indexes :  the  New  York  Tribune, 
1875-1906;  New  York  Times,  1894-1905; 
Brooklyn  Daily  Eagle,  1891-1902;  Evening 
Post,  I9o8-date.  There  are  three  substitutes 
in  use:  the  morgue  itself  in  either  of  the 
forms  described;  a  system  of  either  cards  or 
loose-leaf  indexes,  bound  in  books  by  sub- 
jects; and  an  especially  satisfactory  but  ex- 
pensive complete  index,  bound  once  in  two 
years.  The  entries  are  typewritten  on  special 
machines,  and  three  copies  are  made.  Eight 
men  are  continuously  employed  on  this  index. 


SYSTEMATIC   TRAINING   FOR   OB- 
TAINING INFORMATION* 

THE  library  has  a  twofold  purpose:  to  pro- 
vide enjoyment  and  to  provide  information. 
Whoever  comes  to  the  library  in  search  of 
recreation  should  receive  the  highest  and  the 
best.  Whoever  seeks  information  should  find 
it  with  the  least  expenditure  of  time  and 
energy.  In  an  experience  extending  over  a 
number  of  years  in  a  normal  school  library, 
I  have  found  that  the  students  who  come  to 
us.  although  graduates  of  high  schools  and 
coming  from  towns  where  there  are  good  pub- 
lic libraries,  know  nothing  of  the  resources  of 
the  library.  When  it  comes  to  investigating  a 
subject  they  spend  more  time  in  looking  up 
a  reference  than  in  reading  it  after  they  find 
it.  Many  high  school  pupils  do  not  know  the 
resources  of  the  New  International  Diction- 
ary, to  say  nothing  of  the  encyclopedias,  year- 
books, almanacs  and  various  hand-books. 
Most  students  have  a  slight  acquaintance  with 
a  card  catalog;  but  Poole's  Index,  Readers' 
Guide  and  other  magazine  indexes  are  strang- 
ers to  them. 

I  believe  that  a  librarian  is  neglecting  a 
very  important  part  of  her  duty  if  she  does 
not  give  to  such  students  systematic  training 
in  the  use  of  the  various  tools  of  her  trade. 
This  knowledge  of  where  to  look  for  infor- 
mation on  any  given  subject  is  of  far  greater 
importance  than  much  else  that  is  required  in 
the  school  curriculum.  The  library  is  the 
laboratory  of  the  school.  The  students  are 
no  longer  confined  to  one  text,  but  must  use 
many  books  in  the  preparation  of  a  single 
lesson.  It  is  of  the  utmost  importance  that 
early  in  their  school  course  they  be  taught 
the  essentials  of  reference  work;  the  use  of 
dictionaries,  encyclopedias  and  a  few  special 
reference  books,  the  card  catalog,  the  period- 
icals and  their  indexes. 

*  Reprinted  from  The  Western  Journal  of  Educa- 
tion, for  March, 


In  the  Milwaukee  Normal  School,  one  of 
the  first  things  we  do  for  new  students  is  to 
give  them  systematic  training  in  the  use  of 
the  library.  The  "course  in  reference  work," 
as  it  is  called,  is  now  required  of  all  students, 
and  is  given  the  first  quarter  of  the  first  year. 
Our  aim  is  to  familiarize  students  with  the 
resources  of  the  library  so  that  they  will 
know  the  most  likely  source  of  information 
needed  in  the  preparation  of  each  day's  work. 
The  course  consists  of  ten  lectures,  one  each 
week,  with  practical  problems  following  each 
lecture,  and  covers  the  following  points: 

Lesson  i.  Classification  and  arrangement  of 
books  in  the  library. 

a.  Classification. 

1.  System  used. 

2.  Author  marks. 

3.  Work  marks. 

4.  Call  number. 

b.  Arrangement. 

1.  Alphabetical  arrangement  of  classes. 

2.  Diagram  of  floor  space. 
Lesson  2.    The  card  catalog. 

a.  Explanation  of  card  catalog. 

b.  Forms  of  cards. 

1.  Author  card.  .    '. 

2.  Title  card. 

3.  Subject  card. 

4.  Subject  analytical. 

5.  Author  analyticals. 

6.  Editor  and  translator  cards. 

7.  Cross-reference  cards. 

8.  Bibliography  cards. 

c.  Practical   problems    in   using   the   card 

catalog. 
Lesson  3.     Periodicals. 

a.  Value. 

1.  As  currant  literature. 

2.  For  reference  work  when  bound. 

b.  Characterization. 

1.  Scope  of  magazine. 

2.  Value  for  reference  work. 

3.  Value  for  current  reading. 

4.  Literary  value  of  fiction. 

5.  Is    it    radical,    conservative    or    un- 

biassed ? 
Lesson  4.     Periodical  indexes. 

a.  Value. 

b.  Method    of    compiling    and    arranging 

material. 

c.  Practical    problems    in    use    of   Poole's 

Index:,     Readers'     Guide,     Children's 
Catalog,  etc. 
Lesson  5.    Reference  books. 

a.  Definition. 

b.  Dictionaries— merits  and  characteristics. 

1.  Webster's    New    International    Dic- 

tionary. 

2.  Century  Dictionary. 

3.  Standard  Dictionary. 

c.  Encyclopedias — merits     and     character- 

1.  New  International  Encyclopedia. 

2.  Encyclopedia  Americana. 

3.  Encyclopedia  Britannica. 


March,   1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


d.  Biographical  reference  books. 

1.  Century  Cyclopedia  of  Names. 

2.  Lippincott's  Biographical  Dictionary. 

3.  Allibone's     Dictionary     of     English 

Literature  and  English  and  Amer- 
ican Authors. 

4.  Moulton's  Library  of  Literary  Crit- 

icism. 

5.  Warner's   Library   of   World's    Best 

Literature. 

6.  Who's  Who,  annual. 

7.  Who's  Who  in  America,  biennial, 
c.  Year-books    and    biennials. 

1.  Statesman's  Year-book. 

2.  World's  Almanac. 

3.  Tribune  Almanac. 

4.  New  International  Year-book. 

5.  Wisconsin  Blue  Book. 

(Brief  summary  of  the  contents  of  each 
book  given,  and  practical  problems  in  the  use 
of  each.) 

Lesson  6.     Miscellaneous  reference  books. 

a.  Lippincott's  Gazetteer. 

b.  Century  Atlas. 

c.  Bartlett's  Familiar  Quotations. 

d.  Harper's    Dictionary   of    Classical    Lit- 

erature and  Antiquities. 

e.  Harper's  Book  of  Facts. 

f.  Chamber's  Book  of  Days. 

g.  Larned's  History  of  Ready  Reference, 
h.  Baldwin's     Dictionary     of     Philosophy 

and  Psychology. 

i.  Grove's  Dictionary  of  Music  and  Mu- 
sicians. 

j.  Monroe's  Cyclopedia  of  Education, 
k.  Bailey's  Cyclopedia  of  American  Agri- 
culture. 

1.  Granger's  Index  to  Poetry  and  Recita- 
tions. 

m.  Salisbury's  Index  to  Short  Stories. 
(Brief    summary   of   the   contents   of    each 
book  given,  and  practical  proble'ms  in  the  use 
of  each.) 

Lesson  7.  Test  of  the  pupils'  knowledge  of 
the  books  used  in  lessons  5  and  6.  Do 
you  know  where  to  turn  on  a  moment's 
notice  to  the  book  giving  the  answers  to 
the  following  questions? 

1.  Who  are  the  members  of  the  Presi- 

dent's cabinet? 

2.  What  do  the  following  abbreviations 
mean :  ibid,  anon,  pseud,  S.  P.  Q.  R.  ? 

3.  In  what  work  of  literature  does  the 

"Old  man  of  the  sea"  appear? 

4.  Who  is  Governor  of  Ohio?    Where 

was  he  born? 

5.  Answer     the     following     questions 

about  Brazil: 

1.  Kind  of  government. 

2.  Present  officers. 

3.  Exports, 

4.  Education. 

6.  Who  is  the  present  secretary  of  the 

navy? 

7.  In    what    books    are    the    following 


characters:  Ichabod  Crane,  Rosa- 
lind, Mr.  Micawber? 

8.  What   is   the   national  debt   of   the 

United  States? 

9.  What   is    the   size    of   the    standing 

army  of  the  United  States?  Of 
Germany  ? 

10.  Find    explanation    of   the    following 

expressions:  "to  bell  the  cat," 
"horn  of  the  dilemma,"  "beating 
about  the  bush." 

11.  What  is  the  annual  number  of  emi- 

grants to  the  United  States? 

12.  Who  is  the  diplomatic  representative 

of  the  United  States  to  Great 
Britain  ? 

13.  What  is  the  origin  of  Hallowe'en? 

14.  Where   did  we  get  the   expression, 

"Almighty  dollar"? 

15.  What    was    the    total    number    of 

deaths  due  to  football  in  1909? 

16.  What  are  the  seven  wonders  of  the 

world  ? 

17.  What  is  the  origin  of  Arbor  Day, 

Star  Spangled  Banner? 

18.  Find  the  author  and  the  correct  form 

of  the  quotation,  "The  proof  of 
the  pudding  is  in  the  eating." 

19.  Who  or  what  is,  or  was,  Bluebeard? 

The  Doomsday  Book?     Sinbad? 

20.  Which  encyclopedia  gives  the  full- 

est account  of  Queen  Elizabeth? 

21.  Which  encyclopedia  gives  the  fullest 

account  of  Wisconsin? 

22.  Compile  a  complete  bibliography,  as 

far  as  the  resources  of  our  library 
go,  on  "Wireless  telegraphy." 

23.  What  works  of  Dickens  have  we  in 

our  library?  What  works  about 
Dickens  ? 

24.  Where  will  you  find  a  criticism  of 

"Old  Curiosity  Shop"?  "The 
Iron  Woman"? 

25.  What  pictures  have  we  in  our  col- 

lection that  would   be   interesting 
to  a  class  studying  "Longfellow"? 
A  class  studying  "Lumbering"? 
Lesson  8.    Public  documents. 

a.  National  publications  helpful  to  teach- 

ers. 

b.  State  (publications  helpful  to  teachers. 

c.  City  publications  helpful  to  teachers. 
Lesson  9.     Pictures. 

a.  Sources. 

b.  Methods  of  classifying,  filing  and  cata- 

loging. 

c.  Value  in  school  work. 
Lesson  10.    Debating. 

a.  Books  on  debating. 

1.  Brooking   &    Ringwalt's   Briefs    for 

Debate. 

2.  Matson's    References     for    Literary 

Workers. 

3.  Craig's  Pros  and  Cons. 

4.  Ringwalt's   Briefs   on   Public  Ques- 

tions. 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


5.  Debater's  Handbook  Series. 

6.  Pearson's  Intercollegiate  Debates. 

b.  Preparation  of  a  bibliography. 

c.  Special  bibliographies. 

1.  Wisconsin    Free    Library    Commis- 

sion. 

2.  Library  of  Congress. 

3.  Bulletin  of  Bibliography. 

4.  Libraries  throughout  the  country. 

By  the  time  we  have  completed  the  course 
the  student  has  a  working  knowledge  of  the 
resources  not  only  of  our  library,  but  of  every 
library  which  he  will  have  occasion  to  use  in 
the  future,  for  he  has  had  the  fundamentals 
of  reference  work. 

Many  normal  schools  give  a  course  similar 
to  the  one  I  have  outlined,  but  we  are  not 
reaching  the  great  number  of  boys  and  girls 
who  do  not  continue  their  education  beyond 
the  high  school,  or  possibly  the  eighth  grade. 
If  we  want  our  libraries  to  be  a  great  con- 
tinuous means  of  education  through  life,  it 
is  for  us  to  see  that  the  high  school  boys  and 
girls  get  this  fundamental  training  in  the  use 
of  the  library.  Of  course,  the  proper  place 
for  this  instruction  is  in  the  school,  but  too 
few  high  schools  are  equipped  with  a  good 
working  library.  Many  high  schools  send 
their  pupils  to  the  librarian  of  the  public  li- 
brary for  the  instruction.  It  matters  little 
where  or  by  whom  the  instruction  is  given,  so 
long  as  it  is  given  in  such  a  manner  that  the 
pupils  will  not  look  upon  it  as  a  task,  but  as 
a  pleasure.  I  would  like  to  see  the  librarian 
in  the  small  town  a  member  of  the  school 
faculty,  visiting  the  schools,  attending  faculty 
meetings,  and  hearing  the  problems  of  the 
teachers  discussed.  Thus  a  relationship  would 
be  established  that  would  be  of  mutual  benefit 
to  librarian,  teacher  and  pupil.  The  library 
is  not  an  institution  separate  from  the  school 
— the  two  are  branches  of  one  great  educa- 
tional system. 

The  excuse  of  an  already  crowded  curricu- 
lum is  urged  by  teachers.  I  am  confident  if 
a  definite  course  of  instruction  in  library  work 
should  be  arranged  for  the  high  school  and 
required  throughout  the  state,  it  would  be  a 
great  time-saver  in  the  end.  And  we  would 
be  giving  the  boys  and  girls  a  training  that 
would  be  valuable  throughout  life,  for  they 
will  continue  to  use  the  library  long  after 
they  have  forgotten  much  that  was  given  in 
the  high  school.  It  is  only  the  development 
of  this  power  to  use  intelligently  the  resources 
of  the  library  that  will  justify  support  of  a 
library.  There  is  nothing  in  the  course  given 
in  the  normal  school  but  could  be,  and  ought 
to  be,  given  to  the  high  school  student.  Teach- 
ers and  librarians  are  both  agreed  on  this 
point.  The  thing  to  be  done  is  to  see  that 
such  a  course  of  instruction  is  instituted  in 
our  schools. 

DELIA  G.  OVITZ, 

Librarian.  State  Normal  School    Milwaukee, 
Wis. 


PERMANENCE    OF    MEMBERSHIP    IN 
THE  A.  L.  A. 

THE  growth  and  permanence  of  membership 
of  the  American  Library  Association  is  indi- 
cated by  the  following  table : 


No.  members  added  Members 
Year  during  year     Sept.,  1912 

1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 


69 

15  

189 

14  

!6 

41 

16 

6 

81 

1  06 

14  .. 

6  .  . 

"3 

25  

8 

142 

44  

85 

62 

173 
134 
141 

'.'.".'.'.  38  '.'.'.'.'.'. 
60  

83 

^08 

28  

66 

274 
345 
240 
264 
258 
482 
346 
•  232 
'47 

106  
118  
72  
104  
94  
216  

201  
107  

93  ..--.. 

207 
4" 

M9  
4"  

Recorded 
deaths 

29 
17 

21 

-3 
3 
9 
8 
4 

7 

1 1 
15 

3 

9 
10 

7 

13 
14 
ri 

6 


*  To   September. 

Total  5628.  Less  new  member  assigned  same- 
party  (84)  and  complimentary  membership  given 
newspapers  and  periodicals  in  1879  (69)  —  5475. 

Members 

present 

for  first 

time  and 

not  at  any 

•ubsequent 

conference.. 


Annual 
confer- 
ences. 

1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 


Total 

A.D.  A.        Non-       regis- 
merabers    members    tered 
attend-       attend-     attend- 
ing, ing.          ance. 


Jg 

295 
774 
416 
515 
494 
464 
305 
566 


128 

i1 

64 

"7 

62 

149 

126 

69 

277 

138 


684 
577 
359 
891 
478 
664 
620 
533 
582 
704 


123 
124 

81 
174 

81 
157 

67 

IO2 

68 


Of  those  who  are  or  have  been  members  of 
the  A.  L.  A.  since  its  organization,  2148  have 
attended  only  one  conference,  and  1116  have 
never  attended  a  conference;  this  latter  num- 
ber excludes  libraries  and  firms,  some  of  which 
have  been  represented. 

At  the  1912  (Ottawa)  conference,  203  were 
present  at  their  first  meeting;  88  at  their  sec- 
ond; 42  at  their  third;  58  at  their  fourth;  33 
at  their  fifth;  27  at  their  sixth;  17  at  their 
seventh;  15  at  their  eighth;  16  at  their  ninth;, 
and  67  at  their  tenth,  or  more. 


March,   1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


153 


Four  were  present  at  Ottawa  who  were  at 
the  organization  meeting  in  Philadelphia  in 
1876,  viz.:  Miss  H.  L.  Matthews,  Mr.  R.  R. 
Bowker,  Mr.  W.  T.  Peoples,  and  Miss  R  E. 
Rule. 


WORK  OF  THE  NEW  YORK  PUBLIC 
LIBRARY  IN  1912 

IN  the  report  of  the  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary for  1912,  a  volume  of  over  150  pages,  are 
summarized  the  activities  of  the  first  full  year 
with  the  new  central  building  in  working 
order.  In  nearly  every  department,  large  in- 
creases in  circulation,  number  of  volumes  and 
general-  efficiency  are  reported,  and  affiliated 
organizations  and  general  activities  are  all 
enlarged  and  enlarging. 

During  the  year,  36,398  volumes  and  2853 
pamphlets  were  added  to  the  library  system, 
making  a  total  stock  of  1,307,676.  The  circu- 
lation was  7,969,664,  a  percentage  of  2.6  vol- 
umes per  capita,  practically  the  same  as  in 
1911.  The  number  of  volumes  available  for 
home  use— £46,153 — is  .27  volumes  per  capita. 
In  the  reference  department,  central  building, 
there  were,  during  the  year,  2,129,078  readers 
and  visitors,  an  average  of  5817  per  day. 
400,275  readers  consulted  1,307,676  volumes. 
The  increase  in  the  total  circulation  is  342,- 
304,  and  the  fiction  per  cent.,  including  all 
branches,  was  55. 

The  division  of  American  history  has  had 
steady  use  during  the  year,  with  10,745  read- 
ers, and  has  been  augmented  by  many  valu- 
able gifts  and  purchases.  The  arts  and  prints 
division  has  also  received  much  new  material, 
has  served  24,000  readers,  and  prepared  not- 
able exhibitions  of  French  engravings,  Japa- 
nese prints,  views  of  New  York  City,  por- 
traits of  Washington  and  many  timely  smaller 
displays.  The  work  of  cataloging  included 
the  listing  of  a  total  of  94,234—52,889  vol- 
umes, 41,306  pamphlets,  and  39  maps.  48,334 
cards  were  written  (by  hand  or  on  the  type- 
writer), and  55,504  copy  slips  were  sent  to 
the  printing  office,  from  which  457,848  cards 
were  received ;  of  this  number,  41,256  were 
sent  to  the  Library  of  Congress. 

The  economic  division,  which  is  distinctly 
a  workroom  for  specialists,  has  been  particu- 
larly useful.  Readers  to  the  number  of  19,245 
have  patronized  the  division  of  genealogy  and 
local  history,  and  the  Hebrew  library,  of  over 
20,000  volumes,  has  had  steady  use  and  re- 
ceived notable  gifts.  Readers  in  the  music 
division  were  9996,  an  average  of  31  per  day; 
in  the  newspaper  room,  the  registered  readers 
were  47,055,  and  the  estimated  number  of 
other  readers  was  160,000.  A  change  has  been 
made  in  the  library's  former  policy  of  keep- 
ing for  permanent  preservation  all  newspa- 
pers received,  and  hereafter  only  New  York 
City  papers  of  which  long  files  are  already  in 
the  library's  possession,  or  which  seemed  of 
necessary  importance  for  a  reference  collec- 
tion,, and,  in  addition,  a  representative  selec- 


tion of  foreign  newspapers  will  be  bound. 
The  Oriental  division  has  been  of  great  use 
in  the  present  interest  in  Balkan,  Chinese  and 
other  foreign  situations;  the  volumes  now 
number  15,040. 

7427  current  periodicals  are  received  by  the 
library,  of  which  172  are  dailies  and  944 
weeklies.  A  printing  office  in  connection  with 
the  library  has  been  in  operation  for  over  two 
years,  and  the  second  year  printed  6,810,218 
blaniks,  forms,  etc.,  and  476,709  copies  of  pub- 
lications, an  increase  of  329,059  copies.  The 
newly  established  bindery,  with  a  force  of 
eight,  has  handled  44,099  pieces. 

The  public  documents  division  is  being 
strengthened,  as  are  also  the  science,  Slavonic 
and  technology  divisions.  The  latter  prepares 
an  engineering  index  from  the  monthly  galley 
sheets  furnished  by  the  publishers  of  engi- 
neering periodicals.  Two  bibliographies  are 
ready  for  the  press,  one  on  the  development 
and  practice  of  electric  welding,  and  one  on 
the  invention  and  manufacture  of  typewriters. 

New  registration  in  all  branches  was  139,- 
972  (73,991  adult,  65,981  juvenile),  with  a 
total  registration  of  325,231.  The  central  re- 
serve collection,  of  45,464  volumes,  formed 
primarily  as  a  reservoir  of  books  worth  keep- 
ing, but  not  of  active  demand  at  the  branches, 
has  been  broadened  to  include  other  material 
of  value,  and  it  will  be  of  great  use  in  the 
foundation  of  new  branches.  The  circulation 
at  the  main  building  has  increased  by  155,333, 
and  the  reading  attendance  was  184,560.  The 
fiction  percentage  for  the  year  was  only  47. 
The  interbranch  loan  system  transferred  75,- 
293  English  books  and  8339  foreign  ones. 

The  work  with  children  has  been  devel- 
oped and  strengthened  in  all  branches,  till 
now  the  circulation  is  1,229,067,  and  the  num- 
ber of  volumes  209,403.  <The  children's  library 
system  in  New  York  is  constantly  answering 
inquiries  from  foreign  educators  and  libra- 
rians, and  handbooks  and  lists  are  to  be  pre- 
pared for  this  work.  Thirty-six  libraries  held 
during  the  year  1609  story  hours,  with  an 
attendance  of  38,147. 

The  branch  reference  collections  were  sys- 
tematically developed,  with  particular  atten- 
tion to  the  needs  of  the  local  institutions 
for  public  education,  the  public  elementary 
schools,  the  high  schools,  New  York  Training 
School  for  teachers,  Normal  College  and  the 
College  of  the  City  of  New  York. 

With  the  public  elementary  schools,  and 
with  some  of  the  parochial  schools,  active 
work  has  been  done  in  introducing  large 
numbers  of  children  to  the  advantages  and 
pleasures  to  be  derived  from  a  public  library ; 
and  12  branch  libraries  were  visited  in  school- 
time  by  538  classes  of  children  with  their 
teachers,  as  a  part  of  their  regular  school- 
work.  It  is  estimated  that  about  21,000  upper- 
grade  children  in  this  way  made  use  of  the 
public  library  as  an  adjunct  to  their  school- 
work.  The  total  school  reference  use  was 
259,118. 


*54 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


The  well-known  traveling  libraries  of  the 
city  library  have  carried  on  their  work  as 
hitherto,  and  have  increased,  although  by  a 
change  in  method  of  computation,  the  total 
circulation  is  smaller  numerically.  894  sta- 
tions were  served,  as  compared  with  872  in 
1911.  All  sorts  of  institutions  receive  these 
libraries,  as  well  as  communities  not  yet  ready 
for  establishment  of  branches.  They  are  also 
sent  to  settlement,  parochial  schools,  high 
schools,  recreation  centers,  playgrounds,  as 
well  as  prisons,  police  stations,  homes  and 
hospitals.  The  circulation  for  1912  was  821,114. 

The  circulation  of  books  for  the  blind  has 
increased  by  4822  to  21,938.  The  number  lent 
by  mail,  18,932,  exceeds  the  entire  number 
borrowed  during  1911.  A  teacher  employed 
to  instruct  the  adult  blind  of  New  York  in 
reading  has  paid  584  visits  and  done  much 
good  work.  The  number  of  readers  is  712. 

Foreign  books  in  twenty-six  foreign  lan- 
guages had  a  circulation  of  92,241.  In  the 
course  of  the  year,  40,000  circulars  in  English 
have  been  distributed  from  branches  to  read- 
ers and  sent  to  clubs,  settlements,  schools, 
churches  and  other  places  where  information 
regarding  the  library  might  be  advantageously 
presented.  Similar  circulars  in  six  foreign 
languages  were  distributed  from  branches  and 
other  institutions — 21,500  circulars  in  Italian, 
2000  in  modern  Greek,  2000  in  Hungarian, 
1500  in  Polish,  1000  in  Spanish  and  500  in 
Chinese. 

Exhibitions  and  lectures  were  held  all  over 
the  city,  as  before,  and  much  cooperative 
work  done  at  the  branches  with  local  educa- 
tional, literary  and  welfare  societies  by  the 
use  of  assembly  and  club  rooms.  These  or- 
ganizations are  of  all  kinds;  of  particular  in- 
terest is  the  "Little  Mothers'  League,"  which, 
under  the  Department  of  Health,  instructs 
girls  in  the  care  of  babies,  and  constantly  cir- 
culates among  them  books  on  that  subject. 

Five  new  sites  for  branches  have  been  se- 
cured, one  on  West  4Oth  street,  near  Tenth 
avenue;  two  in  uptown  districts,  and  two  in 
the  Bronx.  It  is  hoped  a  new  branch  may 
be  established  between  Lexington  and  Third 
avenues,  between  46th  and  49th  streets. 

The  Library  School  gave  certificates  to  25 
students  in  June,  1912.  The  present  students 
number  seventy,  and  represent  19  states  and 
one  Canadian  province.  There  have  been  no 
important  changes  in  the  curriculum  or  policy 
of  the  school. 

The  library  staff  consists  of  1,002  persons, 
for  all  branches.  The  working  hours  for  assist- 
ants at  the  branches  have  been  reduced  from 
42^  to  40  per  week,  and  the  required  recess 
for  meals  lengthened  from  one-half  to  a  full 
hour.  The  former  schedule  was  42^  hours 
per  week  from  October  through  May,  and  40 
per  week  from  June  through  September. 

Total  assets  of  the  New  York  Public  Library 
are  $14412,483.32.  The  income  for  the  year 
was  $546,936.65.  In  addition,  the  library  had 
the  $616,958.99'  received  from  the  city  for  the 


maintenance  of  the  branches  and  circulation, 
and  enough  other  income  to  bring  the  total  of 
invested  returns  up  to  $667,225.69.  The  total 
expenses  of  conducting  the  library  system  were 
$1,134,902.05. 

KANSAS     TRAVELING     LIBRARIES 
COMMISSION 

THE  seventh  biennial  report  of  the  Kansas 
Traveling  Libraries  Commission  reports  41,000 
.volumes  and  525  library  trunks,  a  growth 
from  their  original  3000  volumes  and  34 
trunks.  There  are  five  German  libraries  and 
a  few  special  libraries,  containing  from  four 
to  thirteen  books,  for  a  correspondence  course 
carried  on  by  the  state  university.  Two  com- 
plete libraries  on  domestic  science  are  in  use 
by  classes  organized  by  the  agricultural  col- 
lege. Otherwise  the  unit  system  is  not  in  use. 

Total  number  of  cases  on  hand,  June  30, 
1912,  525.  Number  of  accessioned  volumes, 
June  30,  1912,  41,000.  Number  of  libraries 
sent  out  the  two  years  ending  June  30,  1912, 
1106,  showing  an  increase  the  past  two  years 
of  106. 

According  to  an  estimated  average  of  re- 
ports received  from  the  library  stations,  each 
station  had :  Regular  readers,  61 ;  circulation, 
332.  Total  circulation  in  the  state  367,192. 
Two  years  ago,  the  traveling  libraries  reached 
104  counties  and  580  stations.  The  record 
now  shows  that  640  stations  have  been  visited. 
Many  of  the  towns  are  regular  patrons,  or- 
dering from  eight  to  ten  libraries  a  year.  The 
libraries  have  been  in  every  county  of  the 
state,  excepting  one. 

Receipts  (1910-12)  $3219.90;  expenditures 
$2439.  Annual  appropriation  $5300  (salaries 
$2100;  books  $3000;  expenses  of  commission 

$200). 


LIBRARY  OF  THE  INSTITUT  CATHO- 
LIQUE  OF  PARIS 

A  PAMPHLET  of  108  pages,  "Renseignements 
preliminaires,"  has  been  issued  by  the  Insti- 
tute, containing  the  fullest  information  as  to 
the  library's  administration  and  resources.  A 
few  characteristics  of  the  institution  may  be 
of  interest. 

The  library  is  open  from  8:30  to  11:45,  and 
from  2  to  6:45,  from  October  15  to  July  31, 
and  is  closed  Sundays  and  holidays;  and  from 
August  i  to  October  14,  excepting  Saturdays, 
9  to  ii  145.  There  is  a  general  reference  room 
for  law,  literature  and  the  sciences,  and  a  spe- 
cial reference  room  for  theology.  ^  The  arrange- 
ment of  books  in  large  classes  is  outlined  in 
the  booklet.  In  the  general  room,  works  can 
be  consulted  directly  by  readers,  but  are  sel- 
dom loaned  outside  the  building. 

Full  instructions  are  given  as  to  the  use  of 
the  alphabetic  catalog,  and  readers  are  urged 
that  it  is  both  in  their  general  and  special 
interest  to  do  personal  research  quickly  and 
silently,  and  not  imagine  that  results  are  more 


March,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


155 


quickly  gained  by  speaking  to  the  librarian  or 
by  examining  the  accessible  shelves.  The  li- 
brarian does  not  know  the  exact  reason  of  the 
research,  and  cannot  constantly  abandon  his 
work;  he  can  but  indicate  the  manner  of  re- 
search. 

Borrowers  may  retain  books  for  fifteen  days 
(in  some  cases,  a  month),  with  the  privilege 
of  three  renewals.  The  library  is  especially 
designed  for  professors  and  students  of  the 
Institut  Catholique,  but  other  workers  will  be 
admitted  with  proper  authorization.  Each 
borrower  is  limited  to  five  volumes. 

The  pamphlet  gives  an  alphabetical,  as  well 
as  a  subject  list  of  the  periodicals  received 
by  the  library;  an  alphabetical  and  subject  list 
of  completed  periodical  files  and  works  in 
course  of  publication,  and  lists  of  incunabula 
and  manuscripts. 

For  the  last  three  years  the  average  number 
of  readers  registered  at  the  library  has  been 
500  yearly,  275  of  whom  were  students,  50 
professors  and  175  friends  or  former  students. 
The  library  is  open  about  245  days  in  the  year, 
that  is,  about  1910  hours.  In  1009-1910,  the 
number  of  communications  and  consultations 
reached  25,000.  A  statistical  summary  is  given 
of  how  the  demand  for  periodicals  and  books 
(by  author)  is  distributed. 


THE  LIBRARY  ASSISTANTS'  ASSOCIA- 
TION 

THE  Library  Assistants'  Association  of  Great 
Britain  fills  a  place  different  from  that  of  any 
organization  in  this  country.  It  was  founded 
in  1895  by  a  few  prominent  London  library 
assistants,  who  realized  that,  in  order  to  or- 
ganize the  growing  profession  of  librarianship 
and  to  procure  adequate  professional  educa- 
tion some  such  society  was  necessary.  It  dif- 
fers from  the  Library  Association  in  being  a 
purely  professional  body,  admitting  as  mem- 
bers only  persons  under  the  rank  of  chief  li- 
brarian who  are  actually  engaged  in  the  ad- 
ministration of  libraries.  Though  it  works  in 
consonance  with  all  existing  library  societies, 
it  is  not  affiliated  with  any  of  them. 

Meetings  are  held  monthly  from  October  to 
June  at  various  institutions  and  libraries  in 
and  around  London,  and  papers  are  read  and 
discussed.  The  majority  of  these  papers  are 
written  by  the  members,  but  nearly  every 
prominent  chief  librarian  in  London  has  con- 
tributed to  its  proceedings. 

The  Association  endeavors  to  represent  every 
shade  of  library  opinion,  and  rigorously  re- 
presses any  leaning  towards  individual  systems 
of  method  and  training.  Its  inaugural  ad- 
dresses have  been  delivered  by  Messrs.  Sidney 
Lee,  Sidney  Webb,  Edmund  Gosse,  Israel  Gol- 
lancz,  T.  J.  Mcnamara,  and  the  Hon.  Pember 
Reeves  in  recent  years.  The  objects  of  the 
L.  A.  A.  as  stated  in  the  constitution  are  to 
promote  the  professional,  educational,  and  so- 
cial interests  of  its  members  by  the  reading  of 
original  papers,  by  discussions,  meetings  of  a 


social  character,  and  in  other  ways.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  monthly  meetings,  there  are  excur- 
sions, football,  cricket  and  other  sports  for  the 
members. 

The  Association  has  always  stood  partic- 
ularly for  open  discussion  of  educational  ques- 
tions, and  the  voicing  of  the  educational  needs 
of  the  assistant  was  a  powerful  factor  in  the 
establishment  of  an  independent  publication  to 
be  the  official  channel  of  information  concern- 
ing the  Association.  Though  with  a  member- 
ship of  only  74  the  question  of  publication  was 
difficult  financially,  the  Library  Assistant  was 
successfully  launched  Jan.  I,  1898,  and  has  been 
issued  regularly  every  month  since.  The  sub- 
scription price  to  non-members  was  only  35., 
and  the  circulation  grew  steadily.  The  Asso- 
ciation has  also  published  a  set  of  reprints, 
"The  L.  A.  A.  series,"  as  follows: 

1.  The  grammar  of  classification.    By  W.  C. 
Berwick  Sayers. 

2.  Libraries    in    rural    districts.      By    Harry 
Farr. 

3.  The  development  of  notation  in  classifica- 
tion.   By  H,  Rutherford  Purnell. 

4.  Report  on  the  hours,  salaries,  training  and 
conditions  of  service  in  British  municipal  libra- 
ries. 

Many  schemes  for  advancing  the  technical 
knowledge  of  the  members  have  been  car- 
ried out  by  the  Association.  For  a  few  years, 
commencing  November,  1900,  a  Study  circle 
was  conducted  by  a  special  sub-committee; 
readings  in  certain  textbooks  were  planned, 
questions  were  set,  model  answers  eventually 
provided  and  prizes  awarded  to  the  students 
producing  the  best  work.  At  another  time  a 
"Proficiency  test"  was  organized  whereby  an 
assistant  might  ascertain  the  degree  of  pro- 
ficiency he  had  attained  in  each  of  the  divisions 
of  the  Library  Association  Professional  exam- 
ination syllabus.  The  papers  sent  to  the  com- 
mittee in  connection  with  this  scheme  were 
judged  by  the  leading  librarians  of  the  coun- 
try, who  willingly  gave  their  services  for  the 
purpose.  A  reading  circle  with  library  law 
for  its  subject  which  flourished  for  a  season, 
and  the  circularization  of  "Ever  circulators" 
are  other  phases  of  a  desire  to  promote  gen- 
eral professional  culture.  Several  essay  com- 
petitions have  also  been  held. 

Besides  the  Association  proper,  there  is  an 
Irish  branch,  a  Midland  branch,  a  Northeastern 
branch,  one  for  the  South  Coast,  one  in  South 
Wales,  and  one  in  Yorkshire.  All  have  from 
two  to  six  or  seven  meetings  a  year,  and  are 
kept  closely  in  touch  with  the  L.  A.  A.  by  the 
Library  Assistant  and  by  visits  of  officers  to 
the  branch  meetings. 

One  interesting  policy  of  the  L.  A.  A.  is  its 
determination  to  make  membership  easy  for 
the  youngest  assistant.  No  members  pay  more 
than  55.  yearly,  while  the  younger  ones  pay 
2s.  6d. 

An  interesting  experiment  in  a  new  direction 
was  tried  in  1911;  an  "Paster  School  in  Brus- 


156 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913. 


sels  was  started,  with  a  series  of  lectures  and 
demonstrations  at  the  Brussels  Institute  of 
Bibliography.  The  cooperation  of  the  Institute 
authorities  was  secured,  and  library  workers 
from  all  parts  of  England  and  from  Holland 
were  present.  The  experiment  proved  success- 
ful and  the  idea  may  be  extended ;  schools  may 
be  organized  in  a  variety  of  centers  at  home 
and  on  the  Continent,  a  development  that 
would  have  an  extremely  valuable  educational 
influence,  introducing  the  members  to  new 
scenes,  familiarizing  them  with  varying  meth- 
ods of  library  practice  and  promoting  a  desir- 
able entente  cordiale  of  an  international  char- 
acter. An  Easter  School  at  the  Bibliotheque 
Nationale  in  Paris,  a  natural  sequel  to  a  school 
in  Brussels,  was  arranged  for  1912,  and  one 
is  to  be- held  in  Holland  this  Easter. 


tially  and  primarily  a  reference  library.  He 
does  not  consider  periodicals  and  their  place 
in  the  library  scheme. 


PRIVATE    BOOK   BUYING 

A  WRITER  in  the  Providence  Journal,  in- 
spired by  an  editorial  in  the  Indianapolis 
News,  makes  bitter  complaint  of  our  public 
libraries,  because,  he  says,  they  are  under- 
mining the  good  old  habit  of  owning  books. 
"The  usual  plea,  that  most  people  cannot 
afford  to  buy  books,  is  flatly  untrue.  The 
fact  is,  that  the  ubiquitous  library  has  killed 
the  demand  in  this  country  for  editions  of 
standard  books  at  really  popular  prices.  In 
France,  the  'Bibliotheque  Nationale'  volumes 
are  sold  at  a  uniform  rate  of  25  centimes 
(tf/2  cents).  In  this  edition,  one  can  buy 
Homer  complete  for  27  cents,  Milton's  'Para- 
dise lost'  for  9,  Descartes'  'Discourse  on 
Method*  for  4}^,  and  the  works  of  over  100 
other  authors  at  corresponding  rates. 

"In  Germany,  the  'Universal  Bibliothek'  vol- 
umes sell  for  less  than  5  cents  apiece;  and 
the  marvellous  cloth-bound  volumes  of  the 
'Sammlung  Goschen1  render  available  the  most 
accurate  and  up-to-date  information  in  every 
conceivable  branch  of  science  and  art  at  the 
rate  of  19  cents  a  volume.  When  a  man  can 
buy  the  works  of  a  great  philosopher  for  the 
price  of  a  glass  of  beer,  it  is  arrant  nonsense 
to  say  the  public  cannot  afford  books. 

"We  are  simply  doing  our  best  to  pauper- 
ize readers.  They  know  that  they  do  not 
need  to  buy  books;  a  benevolent  fate  will 
provide  them  gratis;  and  so  they  go  without. 
Our  publishers  find  no  real  demand  for  edi- 
tions at  prices  within  the  reach  of  every  one, 
and,  naturally,  the  editions  are  not  forthcom- 
ing." 

"We  seem  to  think,"  he  continues,  "that  if 
people  read  anything  they  are  necessarily 
better  off  than  if  they  do  not,"  and  he  in- 
veighs against  catering  to  the  popular  demand 
for  the  latest  fiction.  If  the  libraries  were 
less  active  in  the  matter,  standard  works 
would  be  far  more  widely  read. 

His  remedy  is  a  readjustment  of  our  con- 
ception of  a  library.  He  would  have  it  a 
place  of  free  access  to  the  sources  of  infor- 
mation on  all  possible  subjects,  and  essen- 


NORMAL     SCHOOL    LIBRARIANS     OF 
THE  MIDDLE  WEST 

THE  meeting  of  the  normal  school  librarians 
of  the  middle  west,  at  the  Sherman  Hotel, 
Chicago,  Friday  morning  and  afternoon,  Jan- 
uary 3,  1913,  brought  together  thirty-two  peo- 
ple, representing  eighteen  normal  schools  in 
eight  states,  one  state  department  of  public 
instruction,  two  library  schools,  one  library 
commission,  two  public  library  training  de- 
partments, two  public  libraries,  and  one  high 
school  library. 

The  problem  of  the  rural  school  library, 
and  how  the  normal  school  libraries  may  help, 
was  presented  by  Mr.  C.  Edwin  Wells,  libra- 
rian of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Maryville, 
Mo.  The  increasing  comforts  of  farm  life 
demand  that  the  taste  for  reading  in  country 
school  pupils  shall  be  fostered  adequately. 
Make  the  rural  school  library  the  community 
library.  The  normal  schools  should  prepare 
plans  for  model  country  community  school 
buildings,  in  which  are  provided  proper  li- 
brary quarters.  The  normal  schools  might 
well  cooperate  in  the  supervision  of  rural 
school  libraries.  One  of  the  needs  is  lists  of 
books  to  buy.  The  rural  school  library  should 
be  a  distributing  agency  for  the  publications 
of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture and  the  state  experiment  stations.  The 
discussion  of  Mr.  Wells'  excellent  paper  de- 
veloped additional  points,  as  follows :  the 
possibility  of  having  printed  catalog  cards  for 
all  books  on  the  state  school  library  list,  and 
the  necessity  of  acquainting  normal  school 
students  with  the  books  which  they  will  after- 
wards use  and  need  in  their  little  school  libra- 
ries. 

The  Minnesota  plan  of  supervising  school 
libraries  through  the  state  department  of  pub- 
lic instruction  was  described  by  Miss  Martha 
Wilson,  supervisor  of  school  libraries  for  the 
Minnesota  state  department.  The  account  de- 
serves reading  in  full.  The  work  in  Minne- 
sota has  included  the  promotion  of  school 
library  interests  in  general,  improvement  of 
the  rural  school  libraries,  making  school  li- 
brary aids  available,  urging  instruction  in  the 
use  of  books  in  the  high  schools  and  more 
work  in  children's  literature  in  the  normal 
schools,  attempting  to  raise  the  standard  of 
service  in  school  libraries,  correlating  the 
school  and  public  libraries,  advice  in  organi- 
zation, preparation  and  publication  of  aids 
and  lists,  and  exhibits  and  talks  at  educational 
meetings.  Minnesota  now  has  thirty-nine 
consolidated  schools,  in  every  one  of  which  a 
library  room  is  required  by  law.  The  discus- 
sion centered  around  the  apparently  unneces- 
sary duplication  of  work  in  the  preparation 
of  state  printed  school  library  lists.  Discus- 
sion of  the  best  agency  for  the  supervision  of 


Marc  it,   1913] 


THE   LIBRARY   JOURNAL 


157 


the  school  libraries  (whether  by  the  state  li- 
brary commissions,  the  state  department  of 
education,  or  by  an  officer  representing  the 
state  normal  schools),  developed  considerable 
interest,  with  possibly  the  conclusion  that 
varying  conditions  demand  different  answers, 
the  point  being  to  provide  the  needed  help 
for  school  libraries. 

Miss  Delia  Ovitz,  librarian  of  the  State 
Normal  School  at  Milwaukee,  told  of  her  plan 
for  library  instruction  in  the  grades,  begin- 
ning with  the  care  and  mechanism  of  books 
taught  to  the  second  and  third  grades,  and 
proceeding  through  the  grades,  with  explana- 
tion of  authorship,  classification,  indexes,  dic- 
tionary, encyclopedia,  finding  of  references, 
use  of  catalog  and  magazine  indexes  (eighth 
grade).  Miss  Ovitz  emphasized  the  advisa- 
bility of  getting  the  child  to  know  that  the 
library  has  something  on  his  hobby;  he  is 
then  an  appreciative  user  during  his  lifetime. 

How  best  to  organize  library  instruction 
and  training  in  the  normal  school  was  dis- 
cussed by  Miss  Gertrude  Buck,  head  of  the 
department  of  library  science  at  Kansas  State 
Normal  School,  Emporia.  The  course  in  li- 
brary methods,  twenty  lessons,  required  of  all 
•college  freshmen  at  Emporia,  was  described. 
Of  the  elective  courses,  the  most  popular  are 
children's  literature,  story  telling  and  book 
selection.  It  was  an  inspiration  to  the  meet- 
ing to  have  the  visible  evidence  that  at  least 
one  normal  school  has  a  member  of  faculty 
giving  full  time  to  library  instruction. 

The  responsibility  of  the  normal  schools 
for  furthering  a  more  general  knowledge  of 
children's  literature  was  the  topic  of  practical 
suggestions  by  Miss  Irene  Warren,  librarian 
of  the  School  of  Education,  University  of 
Chicago.  Miss  Warren  suggested  that,  in  co- 
operation with  other  library  workers,  an 
effort  be  made  (i)  to  secure  the  publication, 
by  the  United  States  Commissioner  of  Edu- 
cation or  the  state  superintendents,  of  the 
best  lists  of  books  for  children  and  helps  in 
the  use  of  books ;  (2)  to  interest  the  educa- 
tional periodicals  and  organizations  like  the 
Congress  of  Mothers  in  publishing  special 
lists  and  aids;  and  (3)  to  endeavor  to  have 
the  normal  schools  require  courses  in  chil- 
dren's literature  or  to  substitute  the  study  of 
children's  classics  for  the  usual  literary  class- 
'ics.  The  permanent  committee  of  this  or- 
ganization was  instructed  to  work  in  the  di- 
rections indicated,  and  the  cooperation  of  the 
League  of  Library  Commissions,  in  session  in 
an  adjoining  room,  was  at  once  asked  and 
promised. 

The  round-table  conference,  led  by  Miss 
Helen  Louise  Dickey,  librarian  of  the  Chicago 
Normal  School,  was  especially  interested  in 
the  possibility  of  cooperating  with  the  Na- 
tional Council  of  English  Teachers,  the 
N.  E.  A.  Library  Department  and  the  A.  L.  A. 
children's  college  reference  sections.  Prob- 
lems discussed  briefly  were:  classification,  de- 
ptrtmental  libraries,  faculty  relations,  fiction, 


government    documents,    reserve    books    and 
student  help. 

The  report  of  the  committee  on  resolutions 
was  adopted,  in  substance  as  follows: 

i.  The    need    of    centralized    supervision    of 
school  libraries. 

2.  The    need    of    trained    service    in    high 
school  libraries. 

3.  Required   instruction    in    normal    schools 
in  library  management  and  children's  litera- 
ture, with  special  instruction  adapted  to  rural 
school  library  conditions. 

4.  Fuller  appreciation  of  the  responsibility 
and   service   of   normal    school   librarians,   as 
evidenced  by  faculty  rank,  salary  and  assist- 
ance. 

5.  Wherever  feasible,  a  special  teacher  for 
library  courses  in  normal  schools. 

6.  Cooperation  in  bibliographical  work  and 
cataloging. 

The  following  committee  was  asked  to  con- 
tinue the  organization  and  cooperate  with 
other  library  interests:  Mr.  Willis  H.  Kerr, 
Kansas  State  Normal  School,  Emporia, 
chairman;  Miss  Delia  Ovitz,  State  Normal 
School,  Milwaukee;  Mr.  C.  Edwin  Wells, 
State  Normal  School,  Maryville,  Missouri; 
Miss  G.  U.  Walton,  Michigan  Normal  Col- 
lege, Ypsilanti;  and  Miss  Irene  Warren, 
School  of  Education,  University  of  Chicago. 
Thanks  were  voted  Mr.  Kerr  for  his  efforts 
toward  making  this  meeting  so  enthusiastic 
and  successful. 

State  Xtbrarp  Commissions 

THE  NEW  ENGLAND  CLUB  OF  LIBRARY  COM- 
MISSION   WORKERS 

The  fifth  annual  meeting  of  the  New  Eng- 
land Club  of  Library  Commission  Workers 
was  held  at  the  State  House,  Boston.  Thurs- 
day and  Friday,  Jan.  23  and  24,  1913.  Repre- 
sentatives from  each  of  the  New  England 
states  were  present. 

The  session  at  4.30  p.m.  on  Thursday  was 
devoted  to  the  roll  call.  Maine  and  Vermont 
made  reports  of  the  year's  undertakings  and 
progress  at  that  session.  Friday  morning  the 
roll  call  was  concluded  and  the  following  sub- 
j  ects  discussed :  Commission  work  with  the 
foreign  population ;  Traveling  libraries  for  use 
by  study  clubs ;  How  far  should  library  com- 
missions cater  in  the  traveling  libraries  to  the 
demand  for  current  fiction?;  How  to  obtain 
new  library  buildings ;  Libraries  in  penal  in- 
stitutions; Cooperation  of  publishers  and  li- 
brary commissions  in  preparing  and  publishing 
booklists ;  How  to  secure  and  utilize  volunteer 
assistance  in  commission  work;  The  future 
work  of  library  commissions. 

The  following  resolution  urging  that  the 
parcel  post  law  be  amended  to  include  books 
was  adopted,  and  it  was  voted  that  copies  be 
sent  to  the  congressmen  from  the  New  Eng- 
land states  and  to  the  Postmaster-general: 


158 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


IVhereas,  The  parcel  post  measure  recently  en- 
acted excluded  from  its  privileges  all  library  books 
much  to  the  disappointment  of  the  state  library  com- 
missions which  operate  traveling  library  systems,  and 
which  had  strongly  urged  its  enactment  when  books 
were  included  in  its  privileges,  and 

Whereas,  There  seems  to  be  no  sound  reason  why 
all  articles  of  merely  commercial  importance  should 
be  transported  at  the  lowest  rate,  while  much  needed 
material,  educational  in  its  nature,  can  be  transported 
only  at  rates  so  high  as  to  be  absolutely  prohibitive 
for  general  use;  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  New  England  Club  of  Library 
Commission  Workers  urges  the  passage  by  Congress 
of  some  measure  which  will  include  library  books  and 
material  at  the  lower  rate  of  transportation  provided 
by  the  parcel  post,  and  that  we  favor  either  a  con- 
solidation of  third  and  fourth-class  mail  matter  to 
secure  a  rate  for  books  and  printed  matter  equal  to 
that  of  merchandise,  or  some  other  provision  giving 
to  books  sent  to  or  from  public  libraries  the  parcel 
post  rates,  to  the  end  that  those  living  in  rural  com- 
munities be  given  access  to  library  privileges. 

A  committee  consisting  of  Mrs.  Belle  Hoi- 
comb  Johnson,  Hartford,  Conn.;  Miss  Fanny 
B.  Fletcher,  Prpctorsville,  Vt;  Miss  Marguer- 
ite Reid,  Providence,  R.  L,  and  Miss  J.  M. 
Campbell,  Boston,  Mass.,  was  appointed  to  pre- 
pare lists  of  books  in  foreign  languages  for  use 
in  New  England. 

It  was  voted  to  appoint  a  committee  to  take 
up  the  matter  of  haying  published  in  foreign 
languages  simple  United  States  histories,  deal- 
ing also  with  government  and  laws.  The 
chairman  deferred  the  appointment  of  this 
committee. 

Members  of  the  club  were  present  at  the 
annual  dinner  of  the  Maasachusetts  Library 
Club,  held  at  the  Exchange  Club  on  Jan.  23, 
when  Mrs.  Lionel  Marks  (Josephine  Preston 
Peabody)  was  the  speaker.  A  luncheon  was 
also  enjoyed  on  Jan.  24  with  the  members  of 
the  Massachusetts  Library  Commission. 
BELLE  HOLCOMB  JOHNSON,  Secretary. 

NEW  JERSEY  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  COMMISSION 

The  annual  report  of  the  New  Jersey  Public 
Library  Commission  covers  the  year  1912  to 
Oct.  31.  Its  work  has  consisted  of  operating 
traveling  and  special  libraries,  establishing  new 
libraries,  reorganizing  and  assisting  those  al- 
ready in  existence,  and  conducting  a  Summer 
School  and  Institute.  The  greater  part  of  the 
work  has  been  carried  on  under  the  handicap 
of  a  lack  of  room,  the  seriousness  of  which 
must  be  apparent  when  it  is  explained  that  the 
commission  has  more  than  20.000  books,  oper- 
ates more  than  three  hundred  small  libraries, 
makes  special  loans  of  hundreds  of  volumes, 
sends  out  and  receives  thousands  of  letters, 
yet  it  is  quartered  in  a  single  room  whose  di- 
mensions are  less  than  12  by  24  feet. 

During  the  past  year  795  traveling  libraries 
have  been  sent  out,  containing  an  aggregate 
of  39>75O  books.  The  number  of  traveling 
library  centers  has  been  increased  from  256  to 
282,  making  a  gain  of  26  in  the  number  of 
communities  served.  As  far  as  can  be  ascer- 
tained, the  average  circulation  from  these  sta- 
tions is  about  four  times  for  each  volume,  mak- 
ing a  total  circulation  of  159,000  from  the  282 


stations.  As  computed  from  the  reports,  the 
average  number  of  readers  at  a  traveling  li- 
brary station  is  87,  making  a  total  of  24,534 
people  being  served  through  the  regular  travel- 
ing libraries,  at  a  cost  for  transportation  of 
$577-68. 

1871  books  have  been  sent  out  as  special 
loans.  With  the  aid  of  the  public  libraries  of 
Newark,  New  York,  Trenton  and  other  cities, 
this  method  of  supplying  books  for  specific  de- 
mand is  successfully  meeting  the  need  of  mate- 
rial for  individual  study  which  could  not  be 
met  through  the  general  traveling  libraries. 
Through  the  Woman's  Work  Committee  and 
Lecturer  of  the  State  Grange  and  the  Farmers' 
Institutes,  much  reference  and  bibliographical 
work  has  been  done  for  rural  communities 
which  the  commission  has  not  as  yet  been  able 
to  reach  with  traveling  libraries.  A  much- 
needed  supplemental  appropriation  for  the  pur- 
chase of  books  and  cases  was  made  by  the  leg- 
islature in  April.  Twenty-five  cases  were 
bought  as  a  cost  of  $237.50.  and  immediately 
put  into  use.  With  the  supplemental  appro- 
priation and  such  part  of  the  regular  appro- 
priation as  could  be  so  used,  5432  books  and 
pamphlets  were  purchased  at  a  cost  of  $4387.02. 
The  policy  of  buying  fiction  and  juvenile  books 
in  reinforced  binding  has  been  adopted.  Sev- 
eral Round  Tables  for  trustees  and  librarians 
have  been  held. 

$500  appropriated  by  the  last  legislature  for 
the  purchase  of  books  for  penal  and  correc- 
tional institutions  has  been  spent  after  con- 
sultation with  those  conversant  with  this  work. 

A  summer  school  and  institute  with  an  en- 
rollment of  14  was  held  in  May.  The  lectures 
were  attended  by  86  other  librarians,  who  came 
for  all  or  part  of  the  week,  and  represented 
54  libraries. 


State 


associations 


RHODE  ISLAND  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

At  the  mid-winter  meeting  of  the  Rhode 
Island  Library  Association,  held  at  Provi- 
dence on  January  10,  all  matters  of  business 
were  omitted. 

During  the  afternoon,  the  association  was 
entertained  at  the  Rhode  Island  Normal 
School  by  a  lecture  on  "Colonial  libraries," 
which  was  given  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Rhode  Island  State  Board  of  Education.  The 
lecturer,  Dr.  Austin  Baxter  Keep,  of  the 
College  of  the  City  of  New  York,  traced 
the  history  of  the  library  movement  in 
America  from  its  beginning  to  the  Revolu- 
tionary war.  Special  emphasis  was  laid 
upon  the  establishing  of  parochial  libra- 
ries in  Rhode  Island  by  the  Society 
for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel,  and 
upon  the  founding  of  the  Redwood  Li- 
brary, Newport,  and  the  Providence  Athe- 
naeum, both  of  which  date  from  colonial  days. 
The  lecture  was  illustrated  by  slides,  repro- 


March,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


159 


ducing  records,  old  title  pages  and  rare  prints 
of  colonial  towns  and  buildings. 

After  the  lecture,  supper  was  served  at  a 
nearby  church.  Dr.  Anne  L.  Strong,  of  Seat- 
tle, Wash.,  director  of  the  Rhode  Island 
Child  Welfare  Conference,  which  was  then 
being  held  at  Providence,  gave  a  brief  ad- 
dress upon  the  "Relation  of  the  library  to 
Child  Welfare."  Mr.  William  E.  Foster,  li- 
brarian of  the  Providence  Public  Library, 
replied  on  behalf  of  the  association. 

The  evening  was  spent  at  the  Child  Wel- 
fare Conference,  where  opportunity  was  given 
the  librarians  from  out-of-town  to  study  the 
various  exhibits. 

MARGARET  BINGHAM  STILLWELL, 
Recording  Secy.,  R.  I.  Library  Assn. 

CALIFORNIA   LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 
LOS    ANGELES     MEETING 

The  California  Library  Association  held  a 
meeting  in  Symphony  Hall,  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
Dec.  5.  At  the  morning  session  the  address  of 
welcome  was  given  by  Mrs.  Shelley  B.  Tol- 
hurst,  trustee  Los  Angeles  Public  Library,  and 
the  following  addresses  were  made: 

"Relation  between  the  library  and  the  busi- 
ness man,"  Joseph  L.  Wheeler,  associate  libra- 
rian Los  Angeles  Public  Library ;  "Advisability 
of  a  library  school  for  Southern  California," 
Everett  R.  Perry,  librarian  Los  Angeles  Public 
Library.  The  afternoon  addresses  were  on 
"Advertising  the  public  library,"  Mrs.  George 
Barndollar,  ^trustee  Long  Beach  Public  Li- 
brary; "Business  methods  of  a  public  library," 
symposium,  led  by  Miss  Carrie  S.  Waters,  li- 
brarian San  Bernardino  Public  Library;  Ques- 
tion box,  conducted  by  Miss  Helen  T.  Ken- 
nedy, principal  Branch  Department  Los  An- 
geles Public  Library. 

In  Mrs.  Barndollar's  speech  on  "Advertising 
the  public  library"  many  good  suggestions  were 
to  be  gained  from  descriptions  of  methods 
used  in  the  Long  Beach  Library.  In  that  town 
the  newspapers  publish  occasionally  in  their 
columns  the  library  application  for  member- 
ship blank;  cut  out  and  signed  these  are  ac- 
cepted as  regular  application  cards.  Four 
times  a  day  at  all  moving-picture  shows  this 
sentence  is  thrown  on  the  screen :  "Every  cit- 
izen of  Long  Beach  over  eight  years  of  age  is 
invited  to  participate  in  the  privileges  of  the 
public  library."  That  these  methods  and  others 
of  the  sort  have  been  worth  while  is  proved  by 
the  circulation  of  the  Long  Beach  Library, 
which  is  ii  per  capita. 

%ibran>  Clubs 

SYRACUSE  LIBRARY  CLUB 

The  meeting  of  the  Syracuse  Library  Club 
announced  for  Jan.  I5th,  was  postponed  till 
Feb.  i3th,  when  the  Club  had  the  pleasure 
of  listening  to  an  address  by  Mr.  Wm.  F. 
Seward,  librarian  of  the  Binghamton  Public 
Library,  on  "Library  extension." 


Mr.  Seward  said  that  each  generation  needs 
to  interpret  its  own  ideas  of  librarianship  and 
the  library  should  be  like  the  map  of  Holland, 
never  twice  alike.  The  chief  business  of  the 
library  should  be  to  promote  sound  American 
citizenship.  The  great  menace  to  American 
citizenship  to-day  is  industrial  conditions. 
Children  leave  school  at  as  early  an  age  as 
the  law  permits  and  without  guidance  as  to 
the  choice  of  an  occupation  give  up  their 
best  years  to  work  but  have  no  real  trade  and 
in  a  few  years  are  helping  to  swell  the  army 
of  the  unemployed. 

These  conditions  should  be  met  by  the 
organization  in  every  town,  of  a  vocational 
commission  whose  duty  it  should  be  to  help 
the  child  to  find  himself. 

The  public  library  is  well  equipped  to  take 
the  initiative  in  such  a  movement.  It  should 
have  a  vocational  shelf  on  which  should  be 
found  the  publications  of  the  Boston  Voca- 
tional Commission,  the  Reports  of  the  Feder- 
ation of  Labor  and  books  treating  of  different 
trades  and  occupations.  The  reference  li- 
brarian can  as  profitably  spend  time  in  find- 
ing information  in  regard  to  industries  as  in 
answering  the  questions  which  commonly 
come  to  that  department. 

A  discussion  followed  the  lecture,  and  at 
the  close  the  members  remained  for  an  in- 
formal reception  to  meet  Mr.  Seward. 

ELIZABETH  SMITH,  Secretary. 

PENNSYLVANIA  LIBRARY  CLUB 
The  regular  meeting  of  the  Pennsylvania  Li- 
brary Club  was  held  at  the  H.  Josephine  Wid- 
ener  Branch  of  the  Free  Library  of  Philadel- 
phia, on  Monday  evening,  Feb.  10,  1913,  at  the 
usual  hour.  After  the  routine  of  business  was 
disposed  of,  the  president,  Mr.  Ernest  Spof- 
ford,  introduced  Mr.  Edward  W.  Mumford,  of 
the  Penn  Publishing  Company,  who  presented 
a  very  interesting  paper  on  the  duties  of  the 
"Librarian  and  the  bookseller."  This  paper 
(which  we  print  in  full  elsewhere  in  the  LI- 
BRARY JOURNAL)  was  followed  by  a  very  inter- 
esting discussion,  in  which  Mr.  John  Ashhurst, 
Mr.  T.  Wilson  Hedley  and  Miss  Jones,  of 
Bryn  Mawr,  took  part. 

The  evening  closed  with  a  pleasant  reception 
in  honor  of  St.  Valentine,  at  which  every  one 
was  presented  with  a  valentine,  the  handiwork 
of  the  chairman  on  entertainment. 

JEAN  E.  GRAFEEN,  Secretary. 


Xtbrarp  Scbools  ant) 
Classes 


LIBRARY  SCHOOL  OF  THE  NEW  YORK  PUBLIC 
LIBRARY 

The  lectures  to  the  junior  class   since  the 
last  report  have  been  as  follows: 
Louise     G.     Hinsdale,     East     Orange     Public 

Library,   "Town    library   administration." 
Edwin     H.     Anderson,     New     York     Public 

Library,   "Large   library   administration." 


i6o 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


Mary  L.  Titcomb,  Hagerstown  (Md.)  County 
Library,   "Rural  library  extension." 

Miriam    Carey,    Minnesota    Library    Commis- 
sion, "Libraries  in  state  institutions." 

Benjamin  Adams,  New  York  Public  Library, 
"Branch   system   administration." 

Frederick  W.  Faxon,  Boston  Book  Co.,  ''Pe- 
riodicals." 

Jessie  Welles,  Carnegie  Library  of  Pittsburgh, 
"The  circulating  department." 

Adelaide    B.    Maltby,    New    York    Public   Li- 
brary, "Branch  administration." 
The  seniors  in  administration  have  had  the 

following    lectures,   all   but   one    followed    by 

seminars : 

Irene  Hackett,  Englewood  Public  Library, 
"Workingmen  and  libraries." 

John  C.  Dana,  Newark  Public  Library,  "Busi- 
ness men  and  libraries." 

Julia   Robeson,   Pratt   Institute   Free  Library, 

"Picture  bulletins   for  adults." 

Miriam  Carey,  "Reading  for  the  inmates  of 
state  institutions." 

Jessie  Welles,  "City  library  extension." 

The  seniors  of  the  advanced  reference  and 
cataloguing  and  of  the  children's  librarians' 
course,  have  finished  their  lessons  in  techni- 
cal Italian  and  taken  a  written  test. 

Thirty-one  juniors  are  taking  practice  in 
the  branches,  two  in  the  travelling  libraries 
department,  two  in  the  library  for  the  blind, 
and  six  in  the  reference  department. 

Messrs.  Goodell  and  Metcalf  of  the  juniors 
have  received  appointments  for  evening  and 
Sunday  work  in  the  Reference  department,  one 
in  the"  Main  Reading-room  and  the  other  in 
the  Government  documents  room. 

The  subjects  chosen  by  the  seniors  for 
theses  and  bibliographies  are  as  follows: 

Bibliographies :  Free  speech,  Eugenics,  Index 
to  printer's  marks,  Sources  of  information 
concerning  merit  of  current  foreign  books. 
Theses  :  Duplicate  pay  collections  ;  Possibili- 
ties of  the  high  school  library;  Intermediate 
department  in  libraries  for  the  adolescent; 
Certain  reactions  in  library  architecture; 
Certain  reactions  in  library  practice;  The 
municipal  reference  library;  specialization 
in  library  work  and  training;  Rural  school 
and  the  library;  Training  for  school  libra- 
rianship  and  library  instruction  in  schools ; 
Reviews  and  annotations  of  children's 
books. 

In  three  cases  two  students  have  chosen  the 
same  subject. 

A  party  in  celebration  of  St.  Valentine 
was  given  by  the  classes  jointly  on  the  even- 
ing of  February  14. 

Several  of  the  students  of  both  classes  ex- 
pect to  attend  the  Atlantic  City  meeting.  The 
usual  vacation  trip  will  cover  the  Washing- 
ton and  Philadelphia  circuit,  the  last  week 
in  March.  Miss  Van  Valkenburgh  will  prob- 
ably conduct  the  party. 

MARY  W.  PLUMMER,  Principal 


PRATT  INSTITUTE   SCHOOL    OF  LIBRARY 
SCIENCE 

The  annual  luncheon  of  the  Graduates' 
Association  was  held  on  Wednesday,  January 
29,  at  the  Hotel  Gregorian,  West  35th  street, 
New  York.  There  were  nearly  100  present, 
the  largest  attendance  at  any  luncheon  of  the 
school.  Among  the  guests  were  Miss  Plum- 
mer,  Mrs.  Gardner  (Miss  Collar),  Mrs.  Bar- 
rett (Miss  Weeks),  and  Mr.  Robert  Bruere. 
The  president  of  the  association,  Miss  Louise 
G.  Hinsdale,  presided.  Mr.  Stevens  spoke 
briefly  of  the  Pratt  Institute  Free  Library 
idea,  and  the  vice-director  spoke  of  the 
changes  in  the  general  course  and  of  the  new 
normal  course.  Mr.  Bruere  gave  an  inspiring 
address  on  the  need  of  women's  influence  in 
industrial  and  commercial  life. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  for 
1913-14:  President,  Mrs.  Adelaide  B.  Maltby, 
Chatham  Square  Branch  of  the  New  York 
Public  Library;  vice-president,  Miss  Anna  C. 
Tyler,  main  building,  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary;  secretary,  Miss  Agnes  M.  Elliott,  New 
York  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Company; 
treasurer,  Mr.  Donald  Hendry,  Pratt  Institute 
Free  Library. 

The  vice-director  and,  Miss  Hopkins  at- 
tended the  meeting  of  the  staff  of  the  Brook- 
lyn Public  Library  on  Tuesday,  February  n, 
where  Miss  Hopkins  presented  a  report  on 
the  course  given  to  the  first  apprentice  class 
under  the  new  arrangement.  The  four-months' 
term  of  classroom  work  was  completed  on 
January  31,  and  the  apprentices  began  work 
in  the  branch  libraries  of  the  system  on  Feb- 
ruary i. 

Miss  Hopkins'  report  outlined  the  instruc- 
tion given  in  the  various  subjects  taught,  and 
also  emphasized  the  utilization  of  each  sub- 
ject for  the  development  of  certain  qualities 
desirable  in  library  assistants,  as  accuracy, 
neatness,  self-reliance,  punctuality,  responsi- 
bility and  resourcefulness.  The  report  was 
received  with  much  enthusiasm,  and  the 
branch  librarians  where  the  apprentices  are 
now  scheduled  expressed  themselves  as  great- 
ly pleased  with  the  practical  work  done  by 
the  students,  one  branch  librarian  saying  they 
were  like  graduates  of  library  schools  in  their 
adaptability  and  in  their  attitude  toward  the 
work. 

Mr.  J.  I.  Wyer,  Jr.,  director  of  the  New 
York  State  Library,  spoke  to  the  school  on 
Saturday,  February  I,  about  the  State  Library, 
its  work  and  its  relations  to  the  libraries  of 
the  state. 

Miss  Annie  Carroll  Moore,  superintendent 
of  the  children's  department  in  the  New  York 
Public  Library,  lectured  on  February  4  and  18 
on  the  development  of  children's  work  > in  this 
country  and  on  the  selection  of  children's 
books. 

Miss  Mary  L.  Titcomb,  whose  county  auto- 
mobile book  delivery  has  interested  a  wider 
constituency  than  library  methods  usually  ap- 
peal to,  spoke  on  Tuesday  afternoon.  Febru- 


March,   1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


161 


ary  n,  in  the  assembly  hall  of  the  institute 
on  the  county  work  of  the  Washington  County 
Free  Library,  at  Hagerstown,  Md.  Many 
members  of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library  staff 
were  present  at  the  lecture. 

Miss  Mary  L.  Jones,  librarian  of  the  Bryn 
Mawr  College  Library,  visited  the  school  on 
Tuesday,  February  4,  and  was  prevailed  upon 
to  give  an  informal  talk  to  the  students  on 
some  differences  in  administration  between 
the  college  and  the  public  library. 

The  best  collection  of  Dickens  material 
ever  brought  together  is  now  on  exhibition 
at  the  Grolier  Club,  in  New  York.  The  cata- 
log, compiled  by  Miss  Ruth  S.  Granniss,  Pratt, 
1902,  is  said  by  the  Nation  to  be  the  best- 
printed  guide  for  the  Dickens  collector  thus 
far  issued. 

ALUMNI    NOTES 

Miss  Mary  C.  Parker,  class  of  1898,  for- 
merly librarian  of  the  Rock  Island  Company, 
in  New  York,  has  been  made  librarian  of  the 
Hudson  and  Manhattan  Railroad  Company. 

Miss  Sally  Clarkson,  class  of  1909,  who  has 
been  in  ill  health  for  two  years,  has  recovered 
sufficiently  to  take  a  part-time  position  in  the 
Michigan  University  Library. 

Miss  Mildred  A.  Harris,  class  of  1910,  for 
two  years  in  the  cataloging  department  of 
Johns  Hopkins  University  Library,  passed  a 
civil  service  examination  which  has  led  to  a 
position  in  the  Government  Documents  Office 
at  Washington. 

Miss  Anna  Van  Cleve  Taggart,  class  of 
1910,  has  been,  since  October,  acting  head 
cataloger  in  the  public  library  at  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich. 

Miss  Rachel  Rhoades,  class  of  1911,  since 
graduation  an  assistant  in  the  University  of 
Michigan  Library,  has  been  appointed  general 
assistant  in  the  public  library  at  Superior, 
Wis. 

Word  has  come  to  the  school  of  the  ap- 
pointment of  Miss  Clara  Dills,  class  of  1912, 
assistant  in  the  public  library,  Pomona,  to  the 
librarianship  of  the  Kings  County  Library,  in 
California.  Miss  Dills  took  the  examinations 
for  the  position  of  county  librarian  on  her 
return  from  Pratt  last  summer. 

JOSEPHINE  ADAMS  RATHBONE, 

Vice-Director. 

NEW    YORK  STATE   LIBRARY   SCHOOL 

The  regular  school  schedule  will  be  sus- 
pended from  Feb.  28  to  April  n.  The  month 
of  March  will  be  occupied  with  practice  work 
in  libraries  throughout  the  country.  April  1-9 
the  biennial  library  visit  to  New  York,  Phila- 
delphia and  Washington  will  take  place. 

To  permit  several  important  phases  of  li- 
brary work  to  be  presented  to  the  students  be- 
fore the  beginning  of  their  practice  period,  the 
number  of  visiting  lecturers  the  past  few  weeks 
has  been  larger  than  usual.  The  following 
have  been  at  the  school: 


Jan.  10-13,  20-22.  Mr.  C.  P.  P.  Vitz,  second 
vice-librarian,  Cleveland  Public  Library, 
Loan  work  (8  lectures). 

Jan.  24,  31  and  Feb.  13.  Mrs.  Isaac  H.  Vroo- 
man,  sometime  in  charge  of  local  history  sec- 
tion, New  York  State  Library,  Genealogy 
and  local  history  (3  lectures). 

Jan.  27.  Mr.  Edward  F.  Stevens,  librarian, 
Pratt  Institute  Free  Library,  Technological 
books  for  the  public  library. 

Feb.  4-5.  Prof.  A.  S.  Root,  librarian,  Oberlin 
College,  German  public  libraries;  Problems 
of  the  college  librarian  (2  lectures). 

Feb.  7.  Miss  Caroline  Webster,  library  organ- 
izer, New  York  State  Library,  Organization 
of  small  libraries. 

Feb.  14-15.  Mr.  Edwin  H.  Anderson,  assistant 
director,  New  York  Public  Library,  The 
New  York  Public  Library  system  (illus- 
trated), Administration  of  a  large  library 
with  special  emphasis  on  the  human  side  (2 
lectures). 

Feb.  20-21.  Miss  Jessie  Welles,  chief  of  Lend- 
ing Department,  Carnegie  Library  of  Pitts- 
burgh, The  loan  department  of  a  large  li- 
brary system  (4  lectures.) 

SUMMER    SESSION 

The  New  York  State  Library  School  will 
resume  its  summer  session  this  year,  begin- 
ning June  4  and  ending  July  18.  The  course 
will  be  general  in  character,  though  a  few  spe- 
cial courses,  such  as  reference  work,  bibliog- 
raphy, etc.,  will  be  provided  if  there  is  a  suffi- 
cient demand  for  them.  A  particular  feature 
will  be  the  opportunity  given  the  summer 
school  to  attend  the  regular  school  lecture 
course  in  Library  work  with  the  children, 
which  will  be  given  by  Miss  Clara  W.  Hunt, 
Mrs.  Edna  Lyman  Scott  and  Miss  Ethel  P. 
Underbill  under  the  general  direction  of  Miss 
Hunt.  A  number  of  other  lecturers  have  been 
engaged  especially  for  the  summer  school. 

As  usual,  tuition  will  be  free  to  residents  of 
New  York  state.  A  fee  of  $20  for  the  course 
will  be  charged  students  outside  the  state.  The 
limited  time  available  for  instructional  pur- 
poses makes  it  necessary  to  limit  the  number 
to  be  admitted.  Early  application  is  thereto-^ 
advisable.  The  descriptive  circular  may  be  o1-- 
tained  on  application  to  Miss  Edna  M.  San- 
derson, registrar,  State  Library  School,  Al- 
bany, N.  Y. 

ALUMNI    NOTES 

Miss  Edith  M.  Clement,  '13,  has  been  ap- 
pointed assistant  in  the  Educational  Extension 
Division  of  the  New  York  State  Educational 
Department. 

Miss  Corinne  A.  Metz,  '07,  has  resigned  her 
position  as  librarian  of  the  Brumback  Library 
at  Van  Wert,  O.,  to  take  charge  of  the  Dalles 
Public  and  Wasco  County  Library,  The  Dalles 
Oregon. 

F.  K.  WALTER,  Vice-director. 


1 62 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


CARNEGIE  LIBRARY  OF  PITTSBURGH  TRAIN- 
ING SCHOOL  FOR  CHILDREN'S  LIBRARIANS 

The  senior  course  in  social  conditions  is 
being  given  by  Miss  Strange,  of  the  reference 
department.  Visits  have  been  made  to  the 
Juvenile  Court  and  Woods  Run  Settlement 
House,  in  connection  with  the  course. 

In  accordance  with  the  plan  of  cooperation 
between  the  Training  School  and  the  Pitts- 
burgh Playground  Association,  Miss  White- 
man,  of  the  Training  School  faculty,  is  giving 
a  course  in  story  telling  at  the  School  of  Ed- 
ucation, University  of  Pittsburgh.  The  course 
will  continue  throughout  the  winter  and 
spring  terms. 

The  students  of  the  junior  class  have  com- 
pleted their  visits  to  the  branches  of  the 
Carnegie  Library.  After  their  visit  to  the 
Homewood  Branch,  on  January  16,  they  were 
entertained  at  a  tea  given  by  Miss  Knapp,  the 
branch  librarian,  and  her  staff. 

The  Training  School  students  were  guests 
at  an  entertainment  given  by  Miss  Viola  Allen 
for  the  Home  for  Crippled  Children,  on  Tues- 
day morning,  January  28,  at  the  Nixon  The- 
atre. Songs,  recitations  and  a  little  playlet, 
"The  Good  Fairy,"  written  especially  for  the 
occasion,  were  given. 

On  Thursday  afternoon,  February  6,  the 
members  of  the  Training  School  class  were 
"at  home"  at  the  Students'  House  in  honor 
of  Miss  Effie  Power,  of  the  St.  Louis  Public 
Library. 

WESTERN  RESERVE   UNIVERSITY 
LIBRARY   SCHOOL 

Owing  to  the  illness  of  Miss  Barden,  in- 
structor in  cataloging,  who  was  taken  with 
pneumonia  during  the  Christmas  holidays,  and 
has  had  to  withdraw  for  a  few  weeks  from 
her  work  at  the  school,  Miss  Sophie  K.  Hiss, 
head  of  the  catalog  department  of  the  Cleve- 
land Public  Library,  will  have  charge  of  the 
course  in  subject  headings,  with  Miss  Phyllis 
Martin,  an  assistant  in  the  catalog  department, 
as  reviser.  In  order  to  further  facilitate  nec- 
essary rearrangements  of  the  schedules,  Mr. 
C.  P.  P.  Vitz,  second  vice-librarian  of  the 
Cleveland  Public  Library,  gave,  during  Janu- 
ary, the  last  five  lectures  in  the  course  in 
loan  work,  which  had  been  conducted  up  to 
this  time  by  the  director.  We  are  glad  to  be 
able  to  say  that  Miss  Barden  is  improving 
rapidly,  and  will  undoubtedly  resume  her 
work  at  the  school  early  in  the  spring. 

On  January  15,  the  class  gave  a  very  enjoy- 
able winter  picnic  in  the  lecture-room  of  the 
school. 

The  following  persons  have  given  lectures 
at  the  school  during  the  past  month:  Miss 
Effie  L.  Power,  head  of  the  children's  depart- 
ment in  the  St.  Louis  Public  Library,  five  lec- 
tures on  "Children's  literature,"  and  one  lec- 
ture on  "Teaching  library  use  in  normal 
schools":  Miss  Annie  Cutter,  supervisor  of 


school  libraries  of  the  Cleveland  Public  Li- 
brary, one  lecture  on  "Work  with  schools," 
followed  by  a  visit  to  two  normal  schools; 
Professor  E.  J.  Benton,  of  Adelbert  College, 
one  lecture  on  "Historical  literature." 

During  her  recent  visit  to  Cleveland,  Miss 
Annie  C.  Moore,  director  -of  children's  rooms 
in  the  New  York  Public  Library,  called  at 
the  school  and  spoke  informally  to  the  stu- 
dents. 

ALUMNI  NOTES 

Miss  McDaniel  Sweet,  '08,  was  married,  on 
January  n,  to  Mr.  Attilio  D.  Monti,  of  Cleve- 
land. 

Vera  A.  Price,  '10,  has  resigned  her  position 
of  assistant  in  the  Qeveland  Public  Library, 
to  accept  the  librarianship  of  the  Public  Li- 
brary of  Greenville,  Miss. 

Helen  D.  Marvin,  '12,  who  has  been  general 
assistant  of  smaller  branches  of  the  Cleveland 
Public  Library,  has  been  promoted  to  the  li- 
brarianship of  the  Temple  Branch. 

JULIA  M.  WHITTLESEY,  Director. 

DREXEL  INSTITUTE   LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

During  January  and  February,  the  students 
have  had  the  pleasure  of  listening  to  the  fol- 
lowing lectures:  Mr.  W.  R.  Eastman,  "Library 
buildings"  (two  lectures)  ;  Miss  Anna  A.  Mac- 
donald,  "Work  of  the  Pennsylvania  Library 
Commission";  Miss  Mary  L.  Jones,  "Admin- 
istration of  a  college  library";  Miss  Mary  L. 
Titcomb,  "Work  of  a  county  library";  "Mr. 
F.  W.  Faxon,  "Periodical  sets";  Mr.  John 
Cotton  Dana,  "Make-up  of  the  printed  book"  ;• 
Miss  Sara  L.  Young,  "Book  mending." 

Tea  was  served  after  the  afternoon  lectures, 
and  an  informal  reception  was  held  in  the  art 
gallery  for  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eastman. 

Visits  have  been  made  to  the  bookstore  of 
Leary,  Stuart  &  Co.,  the  Library  Bureau,  the 
Library  Company  of  Philadelphia,  and  the 
Wilmington  Institute  Free  Library. 

Two  students  have  conducted  story  hours 
in  Philadelphia  settlements,  and  two  are  put- 
ting in  order  the  library  of  the  Church  Settle- 
ment House.  Three  consecutive  days  in  Jan- 
uary were  given  to  practice  work  in  the 
branches  of  the  Free  Library  of  Philadelphia, 
and  practice  work  is  at  present  going  on  in 
the  Apprentices'  Library. 

The  class  attended  the  February  meeting  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Library  Club  and  heard  Mr. 
E.  W.  Mumford's  valuable  address,  "The  li- 
brarian and  the  bookseller."  They  also  at- 
tended the  Atlantic  City  meeting. 

The  courses  in  order,  accession,  shelf  work 
and  alphabeting  (Miss  Doane)  ;  national  bib- 
liography (Miss  Brown)  ;  loan  department 
work  and  classification  (Miss  Bacon),  have 
been  completed  and  the  examinations  held. 
The  courses  in  subject  headings  and  history 
of  libraries  (Miss  Bacon),  and  in  library 
buildings  (Miss  Brown)  began  in  January. 
CORINNE  BACON,  Director. 


March,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


I63 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

Mr.  E.  L.  Shuman,  in  charge  of  book  re- 
viewing for  the  Chicago  Record-Herald, 
lectured  before  the  School,  Jan.  14,  on  "How 
to  judge  a  book."  This  lecture  proved  of  gen- 
eral University  interest,  the  attendance  being 
over  two  hundred.  On  the  isth  he  lectured 
on  "The  librarian  and  public  taste."  During 
Mr.  Shuman's  visit,  a  luncheon  was  given 
in  his  honor  at  the  University  Club  by  men 
of  the  staff  and  faculty. 

The  January  meeting  of  the  Library  Club 
was  held  at  Osborne  Hall  on  Jan.  8th.  The 
program  for  the  evening  was  an  address  by 
Mr.  Ernest  J.  Reece,  of  the  Library  School 
Faculty,  on  Hawaii  and  its  people,  the  address 
being  illustrated  by  means  of  a  radioscope. 
Bishop  Osborne,  of  Springfield  was  also  pres- 
ent and  at  the  close  of  Mr.  Recce's  address, 
talked  informally  for  a  few  moments  on 
phases  of  Hawaii  which  had  impressed  him 
during  a  winter  spent  recently  in  Honolulu. 

During  February  the  seniors  are  engaged 
in  the  required  month  of  field  work.  One  or 
two  students  were  assigned  to  the  public  li- 
braries of  each  of  the  following  cities:  Oak 
Park,  Jacksonville,  Springfield,  Rockford, 
Galesburg,  Danville,  Evanston,  and  Decatur. 
Weekly  reports  will  be  sent  to  the  school  by 
each  student. 

The  first  week  of  March  will  find  both 
juniors  and  seniors  in  Chicago,  visiting  libra- 
ries of  various  types,  printing-  establishments, 
binderies  *and  book  stores.  Headquarters  will 
be  at  the  Auditorium  Hotel,  and  the  students 
will  be  accompanied  by  Miss  Simpson,  As- 
sistant Director,  and  by  Miss  Patton,  Instruc- 
tor. Last  year  the  school  visited  St.  Louis, 
and  the  practice  of  alternating  between  these 
two  library  centers,  will  probably  be  con- 
tinued. 

Miss  Catherine  C.  Alexander,  A.  B.,  until 
recently  an  assistant  in  the  Fort  Dodge,  Iowa, 
public  library,  has  registered  for  the  second 
semester's  junior  work. 

ALUMNI  NOTES. 

Agnes  M.  Cole,  'oi,  has  been  appointed  tem- 
porary cataloger  in  the  University  of  Illinois 
Library,  and  will  catalog  the  recently  pur- 
chased Grober  library  of  romance,  philology 
and  literature. 

Frances  Mathis,  '12,  has  recently  been  made 
an  assistant  in  the  Public  Library  of  Santa 
Barbara,  California. 

Bertha  Sharp,  Illinois,  '10-11,  has  resigned 
her  position  in  the  Library  of  the  Iowa  State 
Teachers'  College  at  Cedar  Falls,  and  has 
been  appointed  assistant  in  the  University  of 
Illinois  Library. 

Margaret  C.  Wood,  '10,  and  Mr.  Carl  R. 
Dick,  of  Decatur,  Illinois,  were  married  De- 
cember ii,  igi2. 

Catherine  Oaks,  '12,  who  this  year  has  been 
junior  reviser  in  the  Library  School,  has 
been  appointed  cataloger  in  the  University  of 
Illinois  Library. 


Mrs.  Eva  Hurst  Fowler,  'ii-'i2,  has  been  ap- 
pointed assistant  in  the  Illinois  State  Li- 
brary at  Springfield. 

Fanny  W.  Hill,  a  member  of  the  present 
junior  class,  and  formerly  an  assistant  on  the 
staff  of  the  Champaign  Public  Library,  has 
been  compelled  temporarily  to  sever  her  con- 
nection with  the  school,  in  order  to  assist 
in  the  Champaign  Public  Library,  during  the 
leave  of  absence  of  the  librarian. 

Alice  L.  Wing,  '04,  has  been  appointed 
temporary  cataloger  in  the  University  of  Ill- 
inois Library. 

P.   L.   WINDSOR,   Director. 

SUMMER  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

The  third  annual  session  of  the  University 
of  Illinois  Summer  Library  School,  will  be 
held  June  16  to  July  26.  The  curriculum  will 
be  that  usually  followed  in  summer  schools. 
Only  librarians  and  assistants,  and  people  un- 
der appointment  to  serve  in  such  positions, 
will  be  admitted.  The  incidental  fee  is  $12, 
but  students  registering  from  Illinois  Libra- 
ries, are  not  required  to  pay  a  fee.  Further 
particulars  can  be  had  by  addressing  Mr.  P. 
L.  Windsor,  Director  of  the  University  of 
Illinois  Library  School,  Urbana,  Illinois. 

"Reviews 

LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS.  Journals  of  the  Con- 
tinental Congress,  1774-1789.  Edited  from 
the  original  records  in  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress by  Gaillard  Hunt,  Chief,  Division  of 
Manuscripts.  Volume  19,  1781,  January  i- 
April  23  [pages  1-436].  Washington,  D.  C., 
Gov.  Pr.  Off.,  1912. 

The  publication  of  the  Journals  of  the  Con- 
tinental Congress  by  the  Library  of  Congress 
was  begun  in  1004,  under  the  editorship  of 
Mr.  Ford,  and  has  continued  since  1908  un- 
der that  of  Mr.  Hunt.  The  edition  has  been 
pronounced  by  the  highest  historical  authority 
to  be  "substantially  a  perfect  edition."  Its 
superiority  over  earlier  editions  lies  in  the 
addition  of  the  reports  which  were  presented 
to  the  Congress.  These  have  been  patiently 
searched  out  in  the  Papers  of  the  Continental 
Congress  in  the  Library  of  Congress,  identi- 
fied and  edited  with  the  highest  critical  skill. 
They  are  so  numerous,  and  the  Journal  so 
brief  for  some  periods,  notably  part  of  the 
year  1781,  that  their  inclusion  practically  cre- 
ates a  new  collection  of  historical  material. 

The  plan  of  the  series  groups  the  volumes 
by  years.  The  final  volume  of  each  year  con- 
tains the  index,  bibliographical  notes  and  other 
critical  apparatus.  Volume  19  begins  the  year 
1781,  and  will  be  immediately  followed  by 
the  remaining  volumes  of  the  group.  The 
typography  of  the  edition  is  excellent.  The 
light  paper,  broad  margins  and  clear  type 
make  the  use  of  the  volumes  a  pleasure,  and 
more  than  compensate  for  their  imperialistic 
demands  for  space  on  the  library  shelves. 

ASA  C.  TILTON. 


1 64 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


PEDDIE,  R.  A.  Engineering  and  metallurgical 
books,  1907-1911.  A  full-title  catalog,  ar- 
ranged under  subject,  of  all  British  and 
American  books  on  engineering,  metallurgy 
and  allied  topics  published  during  the  five 
years,  1907-1911,  with  their  English  and 
American  prices  and  publishers'  names. 
N.  Y.,  Van  Nostrand,  1912.  10+192  p.  D. 
$1.50  net. 

I  wish  to  thank  the  author  personally  for 
the  preparation  of  this  work.  Very  often  I 
am  asked  to  give  a  list  of  all  the  recent  books 
in  English  on  some  engineering  subject,  and 
am  at  a  loss  to  find  the  material ;  for,  al- 
though the  Library  of  the  Engineering  So- 
cieties is  supposed  to  have  every  important 
work  issued  in  any  language,  it  falls  far  short 
of  this  ideal.  I  should  think  the  book  par- 
ticularly useful  to  engineers  who  are  not  con- 
versant with  the  literature  on  any  subject 
outside  of  the  special  line  in  which  they  have 
been  working,  and  often  desire  to  obtain  all 
that  has  been  published  recently  at  short  no- 
tice. I  especially  commend  the  book  for  its 
indexes,  author  and  subject.  The  list  is  class- 
ified in  form,  and  therefore  an  alphabetical 
subject  index  should  be  provided;  perhaps  it 
is  not  quite  so  necessary,  as  the  main  list  is 
alphabetico-classed.  The  entries  are  full, 
dates,  publishers  and  prices  are  given,  as  is 
also  the  pagination.  A  cursory  examination 
proves  it  to  be  very  complete.  This  should 
render  it  an  useful  tool  in  a  library  planning 
to  develop  a  technical  department. 

The  book,  published  in  England  at  7s.  6d., 
is  sold  here  for  less.  I  hope  that  this  will 
establish  a  precedent.  W.  P.  CUTTER. 

THE  readers  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  are  in- 
debted to  Mr.  F.  Vexler,  librarian  of  the 
School  of  Philosophy  at  Columbia  University, 
for  the  review  of  Ladewig*s  Politik  der 
Bucherei  in  the  columns  of  the  February 
LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 

periodical  an&  otber  ^Literature 

Bulletin  of  the  Philippine  Library,  Novem- 
ber, contains  an  article  on  the  "Filipiniana 
division  of  the  library,"  and  a  list  of  dupli- 
cates offered  for  sale  or  exchange. 

Bulletin  of  the  New  York  School  of  Philan- 
thropy for  January  is  a  bibliography  on  the 
church  in  social  life. 

.  Preliminary  Report  of  Committee  of  Fifteen, 
appointed  by  the  state  superintendent  of  schools 
to  investigate  educational  needs  and  condi- 
tions in  Wisconsin,  suggests  methods  of  pop- 
ular education  by  other  means  than  legislation. 

Public  Libraries,  February,  contains  an  ad- 
dress "A  library  that's  alive,"  by  Corinne 
Bacon,  and  "What  novels?"  by  the  same  au- 
thor. 

The  Newarker,  January,  is  devoted  chiefly  to 
the  public  school  question.  It  contains  an  in- 


genious forecast  of  the  educational  system  of 
Newark  in  1924,  a  readable  account  of  some  of 
the  Newark  Library's  activities  during  1912, 
and  a  prophetic  editorial  hope  as  to  "The 
future  of  Newark's  children." 

ENGLISH 

The  Librarian  and  Book  World,  February, 
contains :  "An  extension  and  revision  of 
Dewey's  Africa  schedule,"  by  Arthur  J. 
Hawkes ;  the  usual  list  of  Best  books ;  Library 
architecture,  this  month  a  review  of  Charles 
Carroll  Soule's  book,  "How  to  plan  a  library 
building  for  library  work" ;  and  two  papers, 
one  affirmative  and  one  negative,  by  Reginald 
Smither  and  Arthur  Webb,  respectively,  on 
the  question,  "Is  a  printed  catalog  necessary 
in  an  open-access  library?" 

The  Library  Assistant,  February,  contains 
"National  and  international  librarianship,"  by 
H.  Rutherford  Purnell,  and  details  as  to  the 
Easter  school  and  excursion  to  Holland. 

Library  Association  Record,  Jan.  15,  1913, 
contains  another  section  of  Mr.  W.  C.  Ber- 
wick-Sayers'  short  course  in  classification; 
Open  access:  an  experiment,  by  G.  T.  Shaw, 
chief  librarian,  Liverpool;  On  current  serial 
digests  and  indexes  of  the  literature  of  sci- 
ence and  some  problems  connected  therewith, 
by  E.  Wyndham  Hulme,  B.A.,  and  Dr.  C. 
Kinzbrunner;  Address  at  the  opening  of  the 
Rastrick  Branch  Public  Library,  by  Prof. 
Michael  Sadler,  vice-chancellor,  Leeds  Uni- 
versity. 

The  Library  World,  January,  has  an  article 
on  "The  treatment  of  pamphlets,  maps,  pho- 
tographs and  similar  items,"  by  Reginald  E. 
Smither ;  "Wilful  damage :  the  general  read- 
er's responsibility,"  by  H.  T.  C. ;  "The  open- 
access  system  in  technical  libraries,"  by  James 
Johnston;  "The  library  staff;  a  plea  for  its 
recognition  and  organization,"  by  Maurice  J. 
Wrigley. 

The  Library  Miscellany,  Baroda,  November, 
contains  the  speech  made  by  H.  H.  the  Gaek- 
wad  of  Baroda,  at  the  opening  of  the  "Sha- 
rada  Mandir";  "Public  libraries  for  public  ed- 
ucation," by  B.  M.  Dadachauji,  B.A. ;  "How 
to  popularize  the  library,"  by  W.  A.  Borden. 

'FOREIGN 

Het  Boek,  Jan.  15,  contains  "Het  Horarium 
van  Gerard  Leev,  Antwerpen  1489,  27  Juli,  I, 
Het  Horarium  als  Incunabel,"  and  "Het  Von- 
del-Museum  te  Amsterdam." 

Zentralblatt  fur  Bibliothekswesen,  January, 
contains  the  second  of  three  parts  of  a  dis- 
cussion of  American  libraries  by  P.  Schwenke, 
and  "Altagyptische  Bibliothekare,"  by  Fr. 
Vogelsang. 

Revista  de  la  Biblioteca  National,  Havana, 
July-December,  1911,  has  the  first  part  of  a 
Historia  de  la  Isla  de  Cuba,  and  a  critical 
estimate  of  Rufino  J.  Cuervo. 


March,   1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


165 


La  Coltura  P o polar e,  Milan,  Nov.  1-16,  1912, 
discusses  in  several  articles  many  questions  of 
popular  education,  and  in  particular  the  inter- 
vention of  the  state  in  the  administration  of 
popular  libraries. 

La  Coltura  Popolare,  Jan.  30,  prints  under 
"Biblioteche  Popolari,"  "Qualche  illusione  che 
si  sfronda,"  "La  coltura  popolare  nei  Paesi 
Scandinavi — I. — Svezia,"  by  Palmira  Zaccaria, 
"Contributi  a  un  catalogo  ragionato." 

Zcitschrift  des  Osterreic.hischenvereines  fur 
Bibliothekswesen,  December,  contains  "Vier 
Vortrage  zur  Verwaltungsreform  der  Biblio- 
theken,"  and  notes  on  many  foreign  libraries. 

DECIMAL   CLASSIFICATION    REVISION    OF    SOUTH 
AFRICA. 

An  extension  and  revision  of  the  Dewey's 
African  schedule.  Arthur  J.  Hawkes,  Libra- 
rian and  Book  World,  F.,  '13. 

Dewey's  African  Schedule  has  been  neither 
amended  nor  extended  since  it  took  definite 
shape,  but  in  the  interval  explorers  and  colo- 
nizers have  been  busy.  For  the  most  part 
the  continent  is  apportioned  out  among  the 
great  European  nations  with  more  or  less 
strictly  delimited  boundaries,  while  these 
colonies  and  protectorates  are  subdivided  into 
administration  areas  with  a  fixed  and  official 
nomenclature.  It  is  possible  to  localize  any 
area  of  reasonable  size  and  compile  a  detailed 
classification.  A  huge  English  literature  on 
South  Africa,  localized  even  down  to  hand- 
books of  towns  in  Rhodesia  has  grown  up, 
but  there  is  no  adequate  classification.  Dewey's 
schedule  is  even  sometimes  at  sea  as  regards 
geographical  position.  For  example,  there  is 
no  number  for  British  Nigeria,  England's 
most  important  colony  in  West  Africa ;  the 
three  large  countries  comprising  Rhodesia 
have  to  be  put  under  968.9  marked  "Interior." 
Uganda,  British  East  Africa,  and  German 
East  Africa  have  no  numbers.  Other  colo- 
nies, some  embracing  smaller  ones,  are  set 
in  different  categories.  The  writer  makes 
these  comments  with  no  sense  of  disrespect 
for  Dewey's  immensely  valuable  work,  but 
only  to  show  the  necessity  of  revision  and 
extension.  He  offers  a  system  of  classifica- 
tion worked  out  from  up-to-date  maps  and  a 
large  collection  of  books.  A  first  installment 
follows. 

DICTIONARY  CATALOGING. 

Problems  of  indexing.  Ch.  Sustrac.  Bui. 
de  I'ass.  des  Bibl.  Franc.  S.-O..  '12,  p.  89-95. 

Mr.  Sustrac  confesses  to  belief  in  the  dic- 
tionary-catalog as  proposed  by  Messrs.  Bowker 
and  Perkins. 

The  essential  principles  of  indexing  are: 
Unity ;  the  reader  should  be  able  to  find  what 
he  needs  in  one  given  place.  The  indexing 
should  be  not  only  according  to  titles,  but  also 
according  to  contents.  Whenever  a  book  may 
be  classified  under  several  heads  reference 


cards  must  be  used,  but  their  number  should 
be  limited.  Every  subject  should  be  indexed 
where  it  seems  most  useful.  One  should  con- 
sider the  kind  of  readers  which  the  author 
wishes  to  reach.  A  book  on  "Agricultural 
chemistry"  should  be  classified  under  Agricul- 
ture, because  it  aims  to  reach  agriculturists. 
Every  head  which  does  not  appear  in  the  main 
catalog  should  be  represented  by  a  reference 
card.  It  is  necessary  to  have  a  code  of  rules 
accompanied  by  a  double  table :  systematic  and 
alphabetical,  as  Messrs.  Perkins  and  Bowker 
propose. 

ENGLISH    TREATMENT    OF    PAMPHLETS,    MAPS, 

PHOTOGRAPHS,  &C. 

The  treatment  of  pamphlets,  maps,  photo- 
graphs, and  similar  items.  Reginald  E. 
Smither.  Lib.  World,  Jan.,  '13,  p.  195-199. 

Pamphlets  should  be  sorted  as  to  size  for 
binding,  classified,  and  those  dealing  with  the 
same  subject  or  falling  into  the  same  main 
classes  should  be  kept  together  for  reference 
after  the  volumes  are  bound.  An  analytical 
catalog  is  then  made  with  references  to  pam- 
phlet volumes.  Guide  books  should  be  kept 
in  much  the  same  way;  and  election  bills  and 
posters,  local  cards,  calendars,  &c.,  should 
be  mounted  in  a  "guard  book."  The  usual 
methods  of  preserving  maps  are  described, 
and  "guard  books"  are  advised  for  photo- 
graphs. 

LIBRARY  AXIOMS. 

A  library  that's  alive.  Corinne  Bacon.  Pub. 
Lib.  F.,  '13,  pp.  50-55. 

Books  need  to  be  brought  to  people's  at- 
tention "just  as  much  as  do  Beechnut  bacon 
and  Heatherbloom  petticoats."  The  library 
needs  live  trustees,  a  live  librarian,  live  assist- 
ants. The  chief  duty  of  a  live  trustee  is  to 
know  how  to  select  a  live  librarian,  and,  hav- 
ing selected  her.  how  far  to  let  her  alone. 
The  business  of  a  live  librarian  is  to  know 
her  community  and  identify  herself  with  all 
forces  in  it  that  are  making  for  social  better- 
ment, to  choose  the  best  books  for  that  com- 
munity, to  administer  the  library  scientifically, 
but  with  the  least  possible  amount  of  visible 
red  tape,  and  in  such  a  way  as  to  get  the  books 
read.  Low  grade  help  and  tired  assistants  do 
not  pay.  A  cataloger  at  $40  who  works  slowly 
and  makes  many  mistakes,  costs  the  library 
more  than  a  $75  woman  who  is  quick  and  ac- 
curate. Hard  and  fast  rules  for  selection  of 
books  cannot  be  given.  Do  not  try  to  build  up 
a  "well-rounded  collection  of  books."  Your 
town  probably  needs  a  lop-sided  collection 
which  will  emphasize  some  special  interest  or 
interests.  Try  to  provide  something  for  every- 
one who  is  capable  of  reading  a  book,  and  then 
see  that  someone  gets  the  book  you  have  pro- 
vided. Put  a  little  money  into  the  best,  and  a 
great  deal  into  the  best  you  can  get  read. 
Avoid  all  bias,  religious,  political  or  economic. 
Be  as  hospitable  to  Ida  Tarbell  as  to  Olive 


i66 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


Schreiner  when  you  come  to  the  woman  ques- 
tion. Don't  buy  everything  for  which  people 
ask,  but  don't  exclude  from  your  library  books 
to  which  some  people  object.  A  good  example 
of  a  subject  on  which  many  people  want  and 
expect  to  find  books  in  libraries  to-day,  but  to 
which  other  people  still  object,  is  sex  hygiene. 
Boys  and  girls  whose  legitimate  questionings 
are  unanswered  at  home  or  school  need  these 
books.  Buy  a  great  many  books  for  children. 
Don't  try  to  drive  an  adult  into  the  pastures 
of  good  literature.  It  is  a  waste  of  energy. 
You'd  better  apply  that  energy  in  educating 
the  child  to  love  books  that  are  worth  while. 
Buy  largely  for  foreigners,  if  there  are  many 
in  your  community  —  books  in  their  own 
tongues  for  the  older  people,  plenty  of  books 
for  learning  English,  books  on  citizenship,  and 
easy  books  in  English.  Beware  of  gifts.  Wel- 
come them,  but  don't  accept  any  with  strings 
to  them.  A  live  library  is  not  a  storage  reser- 
voir. Borrow  the  book  you  need  occasionally 
and  confine  your  stock  to  what  your  community 
will  use.  Advertise  the  library,  print  library 
notes  in  the  local  paper,  sometimes  lists  of  new 
books,  but  not  lists  of  books  most  in  demand. 
Why  try  to  make  people  any  more  like  sheep 
than  they  naturally  are?  Be  able  to  substitute 
when  you  have  not  the  book  asked  for.  Al- 
most anyone  can  find  out  whether  352StI  is 
in.  But  almost  anyone  cannot  select  the  right 
substitute.  Avoid  the  paternalistic  and  the 
wiser-than-thou  attitude.  Show  your  wares, 
but  don't  ram  them  down  people's  throats. 
The  thing  that  matters  most  in  a  library  is 
the  personality  of  the  librarian. 

INTERNATIONAL   LIBRARY   RELATIONS. 

National  and  International  Librarianship. 
H.  Rutherford  Purnell.  Lib.  Assistant,  R, 
'13,  p.  26-33. 

The  national  view  of  librarianship  involves 
putting  the  resources  of  the  library  at  the 
fullest  service  of  all  the  people.  Libraries 
need  trained  librarians  to  overcome  the  ignor- 
ance and  scorn  of  libraries  that  is  so  common. 
Progress  does  not  lie  in  the  direction  of  state 
control.  English  libraries  recognize  that  they 
have  learned  much  and  have  much  to  learn 
from  the  United  States,  but,  on  the  other 
hand,  Continental  libraries  are  studying  the 
English  system  in  increasing  numbers. 
France,  Holland  and  other  nations  have 
been  sending  an  almost  constant  stream  of 
volunteer  assistants  to  Croyden,  for  example. 
Several  public  libraries  have  been  started 
in  Holland  as  a  direct  result,  and  German, 
Finnish,  Swedish  and  even  Indian  students 
have  come  to  study  English  library  methods. 

OPEN  ACCESS  IN  ENGLAND. 

Open  access :  an  experiment.  G.  T.  Shaw, 
Lib.  Assn.  Rec.,  Ja.  13,  '13,  p.  13-21. 

Open  access,  which  is  still  considered  more 
or  less  of  an  experiment  in  England,  has  pro- 
duced much  the  same  results  there  as  here. 
The  librarian  of  the  Liverpool  Library  dis- 


cusses the  matter  in  the  light  of  experience 
in  two  Liverpool  branches.  While  he 'thinks 
open  access  a  success,  he  would  not  advise  the 
remodelling  of  libraries  to  install  -the  open- 
access  system.  Open  access  is  only  a  system 
of  issue,  and,  as  such,  of  far  less  importance 
than  staff  or  stock.  It  is  no  panacea,  and  not 
certainly  an  augmenter  of  circulation.  Thefts 
have  not  been  serious  under  open  access.  The 
new  system  requires  a  different,  but  not  a 
cheaper,  staff.  That  open  access  draws  at- 
tention to  all  classes  of  books  and  so  in- 
creases the  use  of  non-fiction,  may  be  said 
to  be  a  tendency  at  any  rate.  The  writer 
feels  that  open  access  is  not  so  vital  a  ques- 
tion in  lending  library  administration  as  that 
of  providing  a  well-selected  stock  in  good 
condition,  with  a  reasonable  supply  of  dupli- 
cate copies  of  popular  books.  Given  that  con- 
dition, an  intelligent,  willing  staff  will  pro- 
duce the  best  results  with  or  without  open 
access. 

SELECTION  OF  FICTION. 

What  novels?     Corinne  Bacon.     Pub.  Lib., 
F->  '13,  P-  55-56. 

Avoid  novels  (a)  that  make  a  direct  appeal 
to  the  lower  nature,  such  novels  as  those 
written  to  pander  to  race  prejudice  and  hatred, 
those  that  glorify  the  lust  for  wealth,  and  those 
that  enthrone  the  animal  over  the  spiritual 
nature,  (b)  That  confuse  right  and  wrong, 
such  as  Mrs.  Ward's  "Marriage  a  la  mode." 
(c)  That  are  so  slushy  that  they  are  intellect- 
ually and  ethically  debilitating.  Barclay's 
"Through  the  postern  gate"  is  a  good  example 
of  this  spineless  literature  of  warm  and  damp 
affection,  (d)  That  are  untrue  to  life  through 
an  impossible  psychology,  or  one-sidedness  or 
morbidness.  Chambers'  "Common  law,"  Mi- 
chaelis'  "Dangerous  age,"  and  Nesbit's  "House 
with  no  address"  are  examples  of  this  class. 
Shall  we  have  novels  on  as  low  a  literary  level 
as  those  of  Rosa  Nouchette  Carey  and  Clara 
Louise  Burnham?  Why  not,  if  people  want 
them?  They  are  fairly  well  written,  not  so 
mushy  as  Mrs.  Barclay's  later  novels,  and 
ethically  superior  to  Chambers  or  Kitchens. 
Put  in  Porter's  "Harvester"  by  all  means,  for 
though  it  is  silly  in  spots  and  sentimental, 
these  qualities  are  balanced  by  its  wholesome 
attitude  towards  out-of-doors  and  towards 
money-getting  as  the  chief  end  of  existence. 
The  "Common  law"  should  be  excluded  for 
its  vulgarity  and  insincerity,  if  for  no  other 
reason.  Morality  is  a  matter  of  treatment, 
rather  than  subject  matter.  Kaufmann's  "House 
of  bondage,"  for  example,  is  horrible,  but  a 
clean-cut,  unsentimental  picture  of  conditions 
that  are  poisoning  our  civilization.  The  novel 
that  degrades  our  intellect,  vulgarizes  pur 
emotions,  kills  our  faith  in  people,  is  an  im- 
moral book.  The  novel  that  stimulates 
thought,  quickens  our  sense  of  humor,  gives  us 
a  deeper  insight  into  men  and  women,  a  finer 
sympathy  with  them,  and  arouses  a  spirit  of 


March,   1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


167 


helpfulness  towards  them  is  a  moral  book,  let 
its  subject-matter  have  as  wide  a  range  as  life 
itself.  Select  your  fiction  then  with  care,  but 
don't  shut  out  novels  either  because  they  fail 
to  reach  a  certain  literary  level  or  because 
their  subject-matter  is  disagreeable.  Get  as 
many  copies  as  you  can  of  the  interesting, 
wholesome  stories  of  the  day,  such  as  "Stover 
at  Yale"  and  ''The  squirrel  cage."  Wait  for 
results  and.  don't  worry  in  the  meantime. 
SERIAL  DIGESTS. 

On  current  serial  digests  and  indexes  of  the 
literature  of  science  and  some  problems  con- 
nected therewith.  E.  Wyndham  Hulme,  B.A., 
and  Dr.  C.  Kinzbrunner.  Lib.  Assn.  Rec., 
Ja.  15,  '13,  p.  22-28. 

Scientific  journals  are  in  general  of  two 
types:  journals  publishing  abstracts  which  are 
intended  to  serve  as  substitutes  for  the  original 
papers,  and  journals  publishing  index  entries 
which  are  in  the  nature  of  bibliographical  ref- 
erences to  original  sources.  In  Germany  ab- 
stracting has  been  carried  to  its  furthest  limits, 
and  a  distinct  terminology  distinguishes  be- 
tween papers  publishing  original  papers,  cur- 
rent abstracts  and  annual  digests,  viz.  :  Archive, 
Zentralblatter  and  Zahresberichte  or  Fort- 
schritte.  Elsewhere  the  publication  of  abstracts 
is  chiefly  done  by  professional  societies.  In 
England,  the  writers  think  the  work  might  be 
better  and  more  cheaply  done  by  cooperative 
methods.  The  indexing  of  scientific  literature 
is  better  done  in  the  "International  catalogue 
of  scientific  literature"  and  by  the  Interna- 
tional Institute  of  Technical  Bibliography. 
These  publications  differ  in  availability,  for 
while  the  journal  of  the  International  Institute 
appears  monthly  and  is  cumulated  annually, 
the  sectional  catalogs  of  the  International 
Council  appear  from  two  to  three  years  after 
date.  The  latter,  moreover,  makes  no  provision 
for  having  an  agency  supply  the  material  in- 
dexed. The  Institute,  on  the  other  hand,  not 
only  can  supply  but  will  loan  material  free  of 
charge  to  libraries.  A  system  of  such  loans  is 
strongly  urged. 
"RESPONSIBILITY  DISTRICTS"  IN  THE  SPECIAL 

LIBRARY   FIELD. 

Responsibility  districts.  D.  N.  Handy  and 
Guy  E.  Marion.  Sp.  Lib.  D.,  '12,  p.  194-196. 

Explanation  of  the  plan  of  "responsibility- 
districts"  among  special  libraries.  The  whole 
country  is  subdivided  into  districts,  each  pre- 
sided over  by  a  district  head.  These  heads 
form  an  advisory  board,  working  with  the  ex- 
ecutive officers  for  the  standardizing  and  de- 
velopment of  the  special  libraries  field.  The 
work  and  .purposes  of  the  Special  Libraries 
Association  are  also  outlined. 


IRotes  ant* 


PHONOGRAPH  CONCERTS.  —  From  Virginia, 
Minn.,  and  Port  Huron,  Mich.,  come  reports 
of  concerts  held  on  Sunday  afternoons  in  the 


library  auditoriums.  The  librarian  in  the  lat- 
ter place,  Miss  Katherine  Slenau,  says  of  the 
experiment : 

"About  two  years  ago  we  started  giving 
free  Victrola  concerts  once  a  month  on  Sunday 
afternoons,  using  only  the  finest  records  of 
singers  and  instrumental  music.  Each  selec- 
tion was  very  carefully  chosen  and  explained 
as  it  was  put  on.  The  people  came  from  the 
first  day,  and  after  one  year  the  capacity  of 
the  hall  was  so  taxed  that  it  had  to  be  en- 
larged. The  entire  place  is  still  filled  and 
people  stand  at  every  concert.  This  year  the 
music  from  a  different  opera  has  been  given 
each  month  and  the  story  carefully  told  and 
explained. 

"Beginning  with  this  month,  the  concerts 
are  to  be  repeated  at  one  of  our  suburbs  about 
two  miles  away  from  the  library;  the  school 
there  buys  and  pays  for  the  Victrola,  while 
the  library  furnishes  the  records  and  the  libra- 
rian gives  the  talk. 

"This  fall  a  course  of  expensive  concerts 
was  possible  here,  when  Bispham  and  Nordica 
came  and  sang  to  crowded  houses  —  such  a 
thing  never  having  been  accomplished  before." 

ST.  Louis  REFERENCE  LIBRARY.  —  The  report 
of  the  new  Municipal  Reference  Branch  of  the 
St.  Louis  Public  Library  for  the  months  of 
December  and  January  shows  that  during  those 
months  136  persons  used  the  branch,  including 
75  city  officials.  Nineteen  municipal  depart- 
ments either  made  inquiries  directly  of  the 
library  or  referred  inquirers  to  it. 

Inquiries  of  various  kinds  were  received 
from  a  wide  range  of  organizations  and  bodies 
outside  of  the  St.  Louis  city  government.  These 
included,  in  the  city  itself,  the  Civic  League, 
the  Central  Trades  and  Labor  Union,  the  Peo- 
ple's League,  The  Times  newspaper,  the  Busi- 
ness Men's  League,  and  the  School  of  Social 
Economy.  Outside  the  city  the  branch  gave  aid 
or  information  to  the  public  libraries  of 
Omaha,  Philadelphia,  Cleveland  and  Seattle, 
the  municipal  reference  libraries  of  Cleveland, 
Milwaukee,  Baltimore  and  Kansas  City,  the 
legislative  reference  libraries  of  the  states  of 
Missouri  and  Rhode  Island,  the  Iowa  State- 
Library,  Harvard  University  and  the  Univers- 
ity of  Washington,  city  officials  or  bureaus  in? 
Philadelphia,  Minneapolis,  Providence,  R.  I., 
and  Muskogee,  Okla.,  and  such  miscellaneous 
organizations  as  the  Children's  Aid  Society, 
the  Nurses'  Associations  or  Boards  of  Vir- 
ginia and  South  Carolina,  the  National  Con- 
gress of  Mothers,  the  Virginia  Board  of  Char- 
ities and  the  Fort  Smith,  Ark.,  Civics  Club. 

Altogether  the  branch  has  obtained  and  fur- 
nished information  on  82  subjects,  including 
the  wrapping  of  bread,  moving-picture  shows, 
home  rule,  tenement  houses,  car-heating,  ne- 
gro segregation,  municipal  lodging  houses,  the 
recall,  clairvoyants,  the  curfew,  garbage  dis- 
posal, the  parole  system,  tax  rates,  boards  of 
assessors  and  building  laws.  Investigations, 
involving  considerable  research  and  corrc- 


i68 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


spondence,  have  been  made  on  the  subjects  of 
excess  condemnation  and  municipal  period- 
icals. 

ETCHINGS  EXHIBIT,  N.  Y.  P.  L. — In  the 
Stuart  Gallery  (room  316),  in  the  main  build- 
ing of  the  New  York  Public  Library,  Fifth 
avenue  and  42d  street,  there  is  on  view, 
from  February  15  to  March  31,  an  exhibit  of 
American  etchings  by  members  of  the  Chi- 
cago Society  of  Etchers.  Nearly  forty  artists 
are  represented  in  the  exhibition,  which  af- 
fords an  interesting  and  fairly  comprehensive 
view  of  present-day  tendencies  and  accom- 
plishment in  etching  in  this  country. 

RAILROAD  BIBLIOGRAPHY.  —  A  little  folder  con- 
taining descriptions  of  a  dozen  or  so  titles  of 
practical  help  to  railroad  men  is  circulated  by 
the  library  of  Council  Bluffs,  la.  The  list 
notes  also  useful  periodicals  kept  on  file. 

VANCOUVER  LIBRARY.  —  The  city  of  Van- 
couver, B.  C,  is  about  to  sell  the  building  and 
the  plot  occupied  by  the  Carnegie  Library,  and 
build  larger  quarters  on  less  valuable  ground. 
The  original  $50,000  given  by  Mr.  Carnegie  is 
to  be  returned  to  him  with  interest.  There 
has  been  opposition  for  some  time  on  the  part 
of  local  labor  unions  to  the  gift. 

THE  LIBRARY  AND  THE  "MOVIES." — The  New- 
arker  for  January  has  an  editorial  discussion 
of  the  moving  picture  as  a  rival  of  the  reading 
of  books.  "In  Newark,"  says  Mr.  Dana, 
"there  are  forty-three  movies,  and  the  number 
constantly  increases.  The  daily  attendance  on 
these  shows  is  about  26,000,  including  about 
5000  children.  The  attendance  in  any  fort- 
night equals  the  total  population  of  the  city. 
The  total  annual  attendance  is  probably  more 
than  12,000,000.  From  these  figures  we  may 
conclude  that  the  70,000  young  people  of  the 
city  now  spend,  taking  them  as  a  whole,  three 
million  of  their  hours  of  leisure  in  reading 
stories  through  pictures.  This  means  that 
they  read  less  than  they  did,  or  less  than  they 
would  now  be  reading  if  this  new  mixture  of 
amusement  and  information  had  not  appeared. 

"In  the  number  of  books  taken  home  to  be 
read  the  public  library  has  very  little  more 
than  held  its  own  in  the  past  year,  gaining  one 
per  cent,  over  1911.  The  number  of  books  on 
hand  increased  by  purchase  and  gift  during 
the  year  by  17,810.  The  number  and  character 
of  distribution  centers  remained  the  same." 

While  many  things  affect  the  public  library 
reading  habit,  the  editorial  continues,  "the  mov- 
ing picture  is  about  the  only  check  on  library 
reading  on  which  one  can  put  one's  finger. 
It  must  be  reckoned  with,  and  on  the  whole 
greatly  approved.  It  promises  to  become  one 
of  the  most  important  educational  factors  that 
man  has  added  to  his  equipment  since  the  in- 
vention of  printing.  It  is  quite  possible  that 
it  will  inform  the  world,  interest  the  world 
and  broaden  the  world  even  more  rapidly  than 
the  printing1  press  ever  has.  It  will  doubtless 


lead  to  changes  in  mental  habits,  just  as  print- 
ing has  checked,  for  example,  the  growth  of 
memorizing;  but  in  the  field  of  mere  instruc- 
tion it  may  prove  to  be  the  greatest  instrument 
ever  devised." 

COOPERATION  FOR  EFFICIENCY.  —  The  library 
committee  of  the  trustees  of  Columbia  Uni- 
versity have  asked  the  university  librarian  to 
investigate  and  report  upon  the  relations  be- 
tween libraries  of  Columbia  University  and 
other  libraries  of  the  city,  particularly  with  a 
view  to  ascertaining  in  what  departments  of 
learning  the  book  collections  of  the  community 
are  inadequate  and  in  what  departments  the 
university  may  wisely  augment  its  collections 
in  the  interest  of  both  the  community  and  the 
university.  Traveling  libraries  have  been  re- 
cently placed  in  the  Faculty  Club  and  in  Earl 
Hall,  and  others  will  shortly  be  placed  in  the 
other  club  rooms  and  residence  halls  on  the 
campus.  They  will  consist  for  the  most  part 
of  the  best  current  fiction,  drama,  etc. 

FORT  WORTH  ART  EXHIBITION.  —  The  Car- 
negie Public  Library  of  Fort  Worth  is  for  the 
fourth  time  holding  an  exhibit  of  representative 
American  painting,  gathered  by  the  American 
Federation  of  Arts,  and  the  people  of  that  city, 
as  those  of  Austin,  San  Antonio  and  Houston, 
the  other  cities  of  the  "Texas  circuit,"  are 
showing  their  appreciation  by  large  attendance. 
"Gallery  talks"  are  given  by  artists  of  the  city, 
and  attention  is  called  to  five  paintings  perma- 
nently acquired  by  the  museum  during!  1912. 

CITY  COLLEGE  LIBRARY. — The  alumni  of  the 
College  of  the  City  of  New  York  are  making 
plans  to  raise  funds  for  a  new  library  build- 
ing. Recent  additions  to  departmental  libraries 
make  a  suitable  building  increasingly  needed. 
A  chemists'  library,  presented  by  James  R. 
Steers,  of  the  class  of  '53,  additions  to  the 
libraries  of  history,  French  and  German  are 
among  the  accessions  of  importance. 

"SUNSHINE  LIBRARIES."  —  The  Grand  Rapids 
library  bulletin  for  January  contains  a  modest 
paragraph  which  may  be  suggestive  to  chil- 
dren's librarians:  "At  this  season  of  the  year 
there  are  always  a  number  of  boys  and  girls 
in  the  city  shut  in  by  accidents  from  coasting, 
etc.  The  library's  collection  of  memorial  li- 
braries carries  sunshine  to  many  homes  where 
children  are  kept  in  the  house  by  injuries,  or 
are  suffering  from  non-contagious  diseases.  An 
interesting1  collection  of  books  in  a  handsome 
box  will  be  sent  free  of  expense  to  the  homes 
of  any  such  person  by  telephoning  the  chil- 
dren's librarian  at  the  Ryerson  building." 

COLORED  BRANCH  LIBRARY. — Houston,  Tex., 
following  the  example  of  several  other  southern 
cities,  has  established  a  branch  library  for 
negroes,  and  will  shortly  open  a  $15,000  struc- 
ture with  20,000  books.  The  whole  initiation 
has  been  on  the  part  of  the  colored  people 
themselves.  A  debating  club  first  felt  the 


March,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


169 


need  of  a  reference  collection  of  books  and 
started  the  movement,  which  has  resulted  in 
the  purchase  of  the  lot  by  the  users-to-be  of 
the  library  and  the  securing  of  a  gift  from  Mr. 
Carnegie.  The  building  is  one  of  a  group  of 
four  devoted  to  the  use  of  the  negro  life  of 
Houston.  The  architect,  Mr.  W.  Sidney  Pit- 
man, of  Washington,  is  himself  a  negro. 

A     SCHOOL    READING-LIST    ON     WORLD    PEACE. — • 

The  "Wisconsin  Memorial  Day  annual  for 
1913,"  a  compilation  of  songs,  recitations  and 
exercises  for  school  use,  contains,  besides  ma- 
terial for  the  observance  of  May  30,  articles  on 
Washington  and  Lincoln,  Peace  day,  Inde- 
pendence day,  and  in  particular  a  safe  and 
sane  Independence  day.  We  note  that  the 
library  commission  has  had  placed  in  all  the 
public  libraries  of  the  state  a  reading  list  on 
peace,  of  value  to  schools  for  use  in  history 
classes,  debates  and  peace  programs  in  general. 

ST.  Louis  LIBRARY  ESTABLISHES  A  BINDERY.  — 
The  St.  Louis  Public  Library  has  established  a 
bindery  of  its  own.  The  library  already  binds 
about  25,000  volumes  annually,  but  hitherto  this 
work  has  been  distributed  among  individual 
binders  in  the  city.  This  will  still  be  done  to 
some  extent,  but  ultimately  the  work  will  all 
be  carried  out  in  the  Central  Library. 

When  the  bindery  is  in  full  operation  about 
fifteen  persons  will  be  employed.  The  repair 
of  rare  and  valuable  reference  books  and  the 
binding  of  such  magazines  as  are  in  constant 
demand  for  reference  will  now  be  given  espe- 
cial attention. 

WHY  TO  TELL  STORIES.  —  Miss  Gertrude  E. 
Andrus,  superintendent  of  the  children's  de- 
partment of  the  library  in  Seattle,  Wash.,  has 
these  reasons  for  library  story-telling: 

1.  To  give  familiarity  with  good  English. 

2.  To  cultivate  the  power  of  sustained  atten- 
tion. 

3.  To  establish  a  friendly  relation  between 
the  child  and  the  story  teller. 

4.  To  cultivate  a  literary  standard  by  which 
a  child  may  judge  other  stories. 

5.  To  develop  a  right  sense  of  humor. 

6.  To  cultivate  the  imagination. 

7.  To    develop    sympathy  —  an    outcome    of 
imagination. 

8.  To  give  a  clear  impression  of  moral  truth. 

9.  To  lead  to  books. 

A    SOCIAL    SURVEY    OF   THE   LIBRARY.  —  One    of 

the  newspapers  of  Minneapolis  has  been  mak- 
ing a  social  survey  of  the  city,  and  its  findings 
as  to  the  use  of  the  library,  while  only  sug- 
gestive and  not  minutely  analytical,  will  be 
found  of  interest.  More  than  one-half  of  the 
families  in  the  city,  it  says,  do  not  use  the 
library,  and  forty-one  schools  show  a  majority 
not  using  the  library.  The  families,  on  the 
other  hand,  that  do  use  the  library  have  very 
nearly  always  two  cards  to  a  family.  The  fre- 
quency of  the  use  of  6330  cards  was  carefully 
established.  The  numbers  range  from  the  5 
per  cent,  who  use  the  library  less  than  once  a 


month  to  those  who  boast  that  they  take  out 
at  least  three  books  a  week.  Nearly  28  per 
cent  keep  the  books  one-half  the  permitted 
time. 

A    LETTER    TO    THE    OUTLYING    DISTRICTS. —  In 

Valparaiso,  Ind.,  the  librarian  bridges  the  dis- 
tance between  the  libraries'  resources  and  the 
fact  that  country  residents  are  apt  not  to  be 
sure  of  their  rights  and  privileges  by  sending 
out  a  straightforward  personal  note  to  this 
effect: 

"The  library  management  is  very  anxious  to 
cooperate  with  the  patrons  of  the  library  who 
live  in  the  country  in  order  that  we  may  give 
you  the  best  possible  returns  for  the  money 
which  you,  as  taxpayers,  have  invested  in  this 
institution.  Realizing  that  it  is  not  easy  for 
rural  patrons  to  get  to  the  main  library,  we 
have,  as  you  perhaps  know,  established  library 
stations  at  the  various  district  schools  in  the 
township.  It  is  our  aim  to  place  in  these  sta- 
tions the  books  that  you  wish  to  read,  and,  in 
making  our  book  purchases,  we  have  kept  this 
idea  constantly  in  mind,  duplicating  such  books 
as  are  most  often  called  for  and  adding  others 
that  we  think  might  be  of  special  interest  to 
you.  I  am  enclosing  lists  of  some  of  these 
titles.  If  you  will  look  them  over  and  let  me 
know  what  ones  you  would  like  to  read,  I  will 
esteem  it  a  great  favor,  for  it  is  much  easier 
to  send  the  right  books  to  your  station,  if  we 
know  what  you  want. 

"When  you  are  in  town,  drop  in  at  the  li- 
brary; you  will  find  it  a  comfortable  place  in 
which  to  spend  a  pleasant  hour.  Perhaps  you 
may  have  some  ideas  to  offer.  I  shall  be  very 
glad  to  hear  them  and  give  them  careful  con- 
sideration. If  you  do  not  have  time  to  come 
to  the  library,  let  us  know  your  wants  through 
the  teachers  or  your  boys  and  girls  —  any  way 
that  will  help  us  to  give  you  the  best  possible 
service,  for  that  is  what  we  are  striving  to  do." 

RICHMOND'S  NEW  LIBRARY.  —  Richmond,  Va., 
is  in  the  midst  of  discussion  as  to  the  found- 
ation of  an  adequate  public  library.  Associa- 
tions of  citizens  have  started  the  agitation  and 
would  like  soon  to  push  the  project  through, 
probably  with  the  aid  of  Mr.  Carnegie.  The 
labor  element,  on  the  other  hand,  while  anxious 
for  a  suitable  library,  is  holding  meetings  in 
opposition  to  the  scheme  of  asking  Mr.  Car- 
negie for  aid.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  in  any 
event  Richmond  will  get  a  library,  for  it  is 
said  to  be  now  the  only  city  of  its  size  in  the 
country  that  has  no  public  library.  At  any 
rate,  a  $40.000  library  given  to  the  city  by  Miss 
Grace  Arents  is  to  be  opened  in  the  spring, 
with  some  10,000  volumes. 

WIDENER  MEMORIAL  LIBRARY.  —  Ground  was 
broken  formally  Feb.  11  for  the  new  Widener 
Memorial  Library  at  Harvard  University. 
Mrs.  George  P.  Widener,  of  Philadelphia,  the 
donor,  was  unable  to  be  present  and  turn  the 
first  spadeful  of  earth,  as  was  expected.  She 
was  represented  by  her  son,  George  Widener. 


170 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


Only  a  few  persons  were  asked  to  be  present, 
and  snow  fell  during  the  ceremonies. 

BODLEIAN  "STAFF  MANUAL."  —  The  familiar 
Bodleian  Staff-Kalendar  appears  this  year  as 
the  "Staff  manual."  Much  has  been  omitted 
or  altered,  the  editor  states,  and  among  the 
chief  additions  are  a  subject  index  of  library 
affairs,  and  notes  for  readers  and  visitors ;  in 
the  former  is  a  list  of  manuscripts  and  printed 
collections,  and  in  the  latter  a  short  account  of 
the  library  and  its  history. 

THE  SAN  FRANCISCO  SITUATION.— The  pro- 
posed exchange  of  the  sites  originally  chosen 
for  the  public  libraty  and  the  municipal  opera 
house  has  been  approved  by  both  boards,  and 
Mr.  Carnegie  has  assured  the  city  that  his 
original  offer  of  $750,000  for  the  library  sys- 
tem still  holds  good.  He  limits  the  proportion 
of  his  gift  to  be  spent  on  the  main  library  to 
$37S;OOO,  urges  the  development  of  branch  li- 
braries, and  advises  the  library  board  to  ob- 
tain a  guaranty  of  the  full  amount  from 
wealthy  men  of  the  city. 

Chattanooga,  Tenn.  Five  branches  have 
been  established,  each  with  more  books  than 
were  on  the  shelves  of  the  present  library 
eight  years  ago.  These  rural  libraries  are 
placed  in  school  buildings  and  have  been 
warmly  welcomed.  Since  1909,  when  the  li- 
brary was  opened  to  the  county  for  free  cir- 
culation, teachers  have  been  carrying  suitcases 
and  baskets  ful  of  books  back  and  forth  from 
their  communities,  and  citizens  have  been  reg- 
ularly coming  into  town  with  commissions  to 
borrow  for  twenty-five  or  more  neighbors. 

Gary,  Ind.  The  new  building  of  the  Gary 
Public  Library  was  dedicated  Nov.  17  to  19. 
The  building  is  the  gift  of  Andrew  Carnegie, 
who  gave  $65,000,  to  which  sum  the  city  has 
added  about  $3000  for  furniture  and  miscel- 
laneous items.  The  building1  is  of  the  classic 
order,  having  a  fagade  of  fourteen  large  col- 
umns, is  built  of  buff  Bedford  stone  and  is 
two  and  half  stories  high.  It  occupies  a  good 
site  in  the  center  of  the  city  and  forms  a 
nucleus  for  a  civic  center.  There  are  accom- 
modations for  170  readers,  and  a  book  capacity 
of  60,000  volumes.  Six  different  story  hours 
held  in  the  library  recently  were  attended  by 
ever  2000  children  of  grades  2-7  within  walk- 
ing distance  of  the  library.  An  interesting 
feature  of  the  hours  was  the  singing  of  the 
children  themselves.  For  weeks  ahead  they 
were  interested  in  the  opening  of  the  new 
library.  They  were  practicing  to  sing  at  the 
opening  and  told  everyone  about  it,  and  al- 
ready felt  a  personal  interest  and  ownership 
in  the  building. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.  The  first  Carnegie  library 
of  the  group  that  is  to  be  established  in  Los 
Angeles  was  opened  to  the  public  Feb.  22. 

Longmont,  Colo.  Chalmers  Hadley,  of  the 
Denver  Library,  was  the  principal  speaker  at 


the  opening  exercises  of  the  new  Carnegie  Li- 
brary, Jan.  26.  The  exercises  were  held  in 
the  Presbyterian  church,  and  after  the  program 
the  library  building  was  formally  opened  to 
the  public.  The  building  cost  $12,500,  and  is 
one  of  the  finest  of  its  kind  in  the  state.  The 
$2000  for  the  site  was  raised  by  public  sub- 
scription. Mayor  Rae  H.  Kiteley,  Mrs.  Wil- 
liam Butler,  president  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  and 
the  Rev.  W.  A.  Philips,  of  the  Central  Pres- 
byterian church,  also  spoke. 

Providence,  R.  I.  The  35th  anniversary  of 
the  Providence  Public  Library  was  celebrated 
at  the  University  Club  Feb.  5.  William  E. 
Foster,  the  librarian,  was  guest  of  honor,  and 
Prof.  Harry  Lyman  Koopman,  of  Brown,  pre- 
sided and  read  an  ode.  Other  speakers  were: 
Prof.  Courtney  Langdon;  Acting  President 
Everett,  of  Brown  University;  Dr.  Herbert 
Putnam,  librarian  of  Congress;  William  C. 
Lane,  librarian  Harvard  Library;  John  Cotton 
Dana,  of  Newark  (N.  J.)  Public  Library; 
Gen.  Rush  C.  Hawkins,  Daniel  Berkley  Up- 
dike, and  Joseph  Leroy  Harrison,  of  Boston. 

Woods  Hole,  Mass.  A  new  library  building 
made  of  stones  gathered  from,  the  roads  and 
fields  about  the  town  has  been  erected  on  Main 
street,  and  the  collection  of  books,  which  has 
grown  since  1873,  has  been  installed  and  cat- 
aloged. 


BEAMAN,  Luella  O.,  Pratt,  '06,  who  is  at 
present  reviser  in  the  New  York  Library 
School,  has  been  appointed  librarian  of  the 
public  library  at  Rye,  N.  Y.,  a  new  library 
which  will  be  ready  for  occupancy  about 
May  I. 

BJERREGAARD.  C.  H.  A.,  librarian  in  the  New 
York  Public  Library,  is  the  author  of  "The 
inner  life  and  the  Tao-Teh-King,"  published 
by  the  Theosophical  Publishing  Company,  of 
New  York. 

GRANERE,  C.  O.,  has  resigned  as  librarian  of 
Augustana  College  and  Theological  Seminary, 
Augustana,  la. 

MOREY,  E.  Jennie,  for  fourteen  years  a  school 
librarian  in  Watervliet,  N.  Y.,  died  Feb.  8. 

MORRISON,  Ella,  for  many  years  assistant 
librarian  and  secretary  of  the  American  Philo- 
sophical Society  and  a  second  cousin  of  Henry 
W.  Longfellow,  the  poet,  died  Feb.  8  at  her 
home,  330  South  I9th  street,  Philadelphia. 

SMITH,  Ora  loneene,  who  resigned  from  the 
librarianship  of  the  University  of  Alabama  to 
join  the  staff  of  the  Wisconsin  Historical  So- 
ciety. has  been  given  a  silver  tea  service  by  the 
students  of  the  university.  Miss  Smith  was 
graduated  from  the  Drexel  Institute  Library 
School  in  1903,  and  has  served  the  University 
of  Alabama  since  1907- 


March,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


171 


<$ftts  anfc  Bequests 


Battle  Creek,  Mich.  Through  the  generosity 
of  C.  W.  Post,  a  large  public  law  library  is  to 
be  established.  It  will  occupy  part  of  a  new 
building  now  being  erected  and  is  to  be  under 
the  control  of  the  Calhoun  County  Bar  Asso- 
ciation. A  collection  given  by  A.  B.  Williams 
is  to  be  the  nucleus  of  the  library,  and  about 
$15,000  is  to  be  spent  in  bringing  the  collection 
up  to  date. 

Bradford,  N.  Y.,  receives  $10,000  from  the 
Carnegie  Corporation,  to  be  used  for  an  addi- 
tion to  the  present  building. 

Bristol  (Conn.)  P.  L.  receives  $53424,  a 
bequest  from  Miss  Mary  P.  Root,  of  this  city, 
who  was  killed  in  an  automobile  accident  six 
years  ago. 

Fredonia,  N.  Y.  S.  H.  Albro  has  given  $1000 
toward  a  new  building  for  the  D.  R.  Barker 
Free  Library. 

Johnson  City,  Va.  Judge  Samuel  C.  Wil- 
liams has  given  to  the  Library  Association 
$10,000  in  cash  for  the  erection  of  a  building, 
and  a  lot  valued  at  $5000. 

Lyons,  N.  Y.,  is  to  receive  $12,500  from 
Andrew  Carnegie  for  a  building,  and  has  ap- 
propriated $250  a  year  for  the  support  of  the 
library. 

Merced  (Cal.)  P.  L.,  receives  $100  by  the 
will  of  Mrs.  Sarah  J.  Thursby. 

Rockville,  Conn.  By  the  will  of  Mrs.  Har- 
riet Kellogg  Maxwell  the  Rockville  Public 
Library  receives  $25,000. 

Swansea,  Mass.  Mrs.  Frank  S.  Stevens  has 
given  $500,  and  the  Swansea  Brass  Band  $100, 
to  the  Swansea  Free  Public  Library. 


%tbtarp  tReports 


Alameda  Co.  Law  L.,  Oakland,  Cal.  Eloise 
B.  Cushing,  Ibn.  Accessions  1722 ;  total  10,103. 
Receipts  $7890.90;  expenditures  $6159.56. 

Boston  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Horace  G.  Wadlin,  Ibn. 
(Trustees'  rept. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  35,538 
(24,724  by  purchase,  12,064  for  central  library, 
12,660  for  branches  and  stations).  Circula- 
tion 1,744,878.  Receipts  $403,123.43. 

The  report  points  out  three  great  needs  of 
the  central  library  —  more  space  in  the  stacks, 
the  need  of  a  larger  appropriation  and  of  a 
sum  definitely  determined  in  advance  for  the 
purchase  of  new  books  and  the  need  of  in- 
creasing some  of  the  salaries. 

During  the  year  the  library  has  supplied 
with  books  28  branches  and  reading  rooms,  131 
public  and  parochial  schools,  61  engine  houses 
and  31  other  institutions.  Not  only  is  the  cen- 
tral library  a  reservoir  from  which  books  may 


be  drawn  for  use  in  the  branches  and  reading 
rooms,  but  each  of  the  branches  and  reading 
rooms  is  in  itself  a  reservoir  from  which  books 
may  be  withdrawn  for  use  by  teachers  in 
schools  in  its  immediate  vicinity. 

The  report  discusses  the  new  branch  libra- 
ries, giving  first  place  to  the  North  End  branch, 
which  is  completed  and  will  be  opened  to  the 
public  soon,  the  appropriation  for  which  was 
$86,000.  The  Charlestown  building  will  be 
completed  in  the  fall  of  the  present  year  at 
a  cost  of  $72,000. 

Persons  engaging  in  real  research  are  using 
the  library  in  increasing  numbers,  but  this 
work  of  the  library  is  not  fully  understood  by 
the  citizens.  The  books  called  for  and  used  in 
Bates  Hall  during  three  days  of  the  year  num- 
bered 4432,  not  including  the  large  number  of 
books  taken  by  the  readers  directly  from  the 
open-shelf  collection  of  10,000  volumes. 

The  statistics  in  the  annual  reports  of  the 
special  libraries  give  but  slight  indication  of 
the  importance  of  these  collections  to  students. 
The  photographs,  the  larger  cabinet  folios  and 
the  more  expensive  volumes  relating  to  the 
arts  of  architecture,  painting  and  decoration 
are  extensively  used,  but  not  recorded  statis- 
tically. Students  from  the  art  schools,  or  sent 
by  private  instructors,  use  the  books  which  the 
Fine  Arts  Department  gives  them,  without 
formality,  upon  tables  set  apart  for  this  pur- 
pose. The  entire  Allen  A.  Brown  music  col- 
lection is  reserved  for  hall  use.  The  tables 
in  the  Barton  Gallery  are  reserved  for  persons 
engaged  in  authorship  or  in  extended  research, 
and  this  quiet  reading  room  is  largely  used  by 
readers,  whose  books  are  not  enumerated  in 
the  tables  of  circulation. 

The  same  is  true  of  the  department  of  sta- 
tistics and  documents  and  of  the  department 
of  patents.  The  number  of  persons  who  have 
consulted  the  files  in  the  patent  department 
during  last  year  was  13,946,  a  gain  of  2114  as 
compared  with  the  previous  year.  They  have 
used  89,437  volumes  as  compared  with  81,397 
volumes  consulted  the  previous  year.  But  in 
addition  to  this  there  is  the  constant  use  of 
this  department  by  students  direct  from  the 
shelves,  which  is  not  recorded. 

The  report  mentions  the  fact  that  the  library 
building  has  settled  from  two  to  four  inches 
since  it  was  built,  a  matter  not  dangerous  or 
entirely  unexpected. 

The  librarian's  separate  report  is  to  appear 
later. 

Bran  ford  (Conn.}.  Blackstone  Memorial  L. 
Charles  N.  Baxter,  Ibn.  Accessions  2155;  net 
additions  1298;  total  29,726.  New  registration 
334;  total  2529.  Circulation  67,719  (non-fiction 
22,162,  adult  fiction  27,808,  juvenile  fiction  17,- 
749).  Population  of  town  in  1910,  6047. 

Buffalo  (N.  7.)  P.  L.  Walter  L.  Brown, 
Ibn.  (Rpt  —  yr.  1912.)  Accessions  32,665 ;  to- 
tal 306,723.  Circulation  1,507,267.  New  regis- 
tration 21,316;  borrowers  during1  year  120,571 
(41,171  at  schools).  Expenditures  (for  books, 


172 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


periodicals  and  binding)  $34,505.21.  The  board 
urges  the  maximum  municipal  appropriation 
particularly  for  the  establishment  of  its 
branches  in  better  quarters.  They  are  at  pres- 
ent in  rented  rooms,  except  one  that  is  in  a 
school  building.  The  library  contains  17,474 
pieces  of  sheet  music.  The  fiction  percentage 
has  decreased  from  72.7  in  1897  to  59  in  1912. 

California  State  L.,  Sacramento.  James  L. 
Gillis,  Ibn.  (Rept.— Jl.  i,  I9io-Je.  30,  1912.) 
Accessions  11,011 ;  total  176,532.  Receipts 
$109,701.75;  expenditures  $106,173.97. 

During  the  period  covered  by  the  report,  a 
cut  in  appropriation  by  the  legislature  caused 
the  dismissal  of  one-third  of  the  staff  of  the 
library,  the  recall  of  all  traveling  libraries,  and 
since  June,  1911,  a  practical  cessation  of  all 
book  buying.  The  legislative  and  municipal 
reference  department  has  been  consolidated 
with  the  documents  department,  and  is  being 
carefully  developed.  Since  the  abolishment  of 
the  extension  department,  the  traveling  library 
books  have  been  loaned  in  large  collections  to 
county  free  libraries.  The  department  for  the 
blind  is  growing  and  proving  extremely  use- 
ful; the  borrowers  number  511,  the  books  2422, 
and  the  circulation  10,930.  The  California  col- 
lection has  been  increased  as  much  as  possible. 
It  is  hoped  to  establish  branches  of  the  State 
Library  in  San  Francisco  and  Los  Angeles  and 
to  develop  a  medical  department.  A  union 
catalog  for  California  is  well  begun,  and  sev- 
eral compilations  and  indexes  of  statutes  have 
been  prepared  by  the  staff.  The  library  quar- 
ters are  proving  inadequate  and  not  well  pro- 
tected from  fire,  and  the  librarian  appends  a 
table  of  statistics  about  other  state  and  public 
libraries  to  strengthen  his  appeal  for  increased 
appropriation. 

Centreville  (Ind.)  P.  L.  Accessions  473; 
total  12,070.  Receipts  $429.20;  expenditures 
$349.8i. 

University  of  Chicago  L.,  Chicago,  III  Ern- 
est D.  Burton  Ibn.  Accessions  27,689;  total 
381,351-  Periodicals  taken  2015.  Circulation 
23,038. 

The  most  notable  event  of  the  year  was  the 
dedication  and  occupation  of  the  Harper  Me- 
morial Library  building.  This  building,  for 
which  ground  was  broken  Jan.  10,  1910,  and  of 
which  the  corner  stone  was  laid  June  14,  1910, 
was  dedicated  June  n,  1912.  An  account  of 
the  ceremonies  and  a  description  of  the  library 
appeared  in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  for  July, 
1912.  The  first  public  use  of  the  building  was 
for  the  President's  reception  held  on  the  even- 
ing of  June  10,  and  attended  by  a  company  of 
people  estimated  at  between  4000  and  5000.  The 
exercises  of  dedication  were  held  in  the  Harper 
Court,  Tuesday  morning,  June  u,  and  were 
attended  by  a  similar  number  of  people  The 
library  offices  were  occupied  a  few  days  before 
the  dedication  and  the  main  reading-room  was 
open  for  use  by  students  and  faculty  Tuesday, 
June  18.  Some  work  still  remains  to  be  done 


upon  the  building,  especially  in  the  installation 
of  book  stacks.  But  it  is  expected  that  by 
Oct.  i,  the  2Oth  anniversary  of  the  opening  of 
the  doors  of  the  university  to  students,  the 
books  of  the  General  Library,  of  the  Historical 
Group,  of  the  Modern  Language  Group,  and 
of  the  Department  of  Philosophy  will  be  shelved 
in  the  building  and  that  graduate  reading- 
rooms  for  these  departments,  as  well  as  the 
reading-room  of  the  General  Library,  will  be 
open  for  the  use  of  students  and  faculty.  The 
bridges  connecting  the  Harper  Library  with 
the  Haskell  Oriental  Museum  and  with  the 
library  in  the  Law  School  building  will  greatly 
facilitate  the  use  of  books  by  students  whose 
work  crosses  the  lines  between  departments. 

Chicago  Law  Institute  L.  William  H.  Hoi- 
den,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  1510; 
total  4000.  Circulation  56,180.  Total  registra- 
tion 3401.  Expenditures  $20,189.69. 

College  of  Physicians,  Phila.  (Pa.)  L. 
Charles  Perry  Fisher,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  — yr.  1912.) 
Accessions  4317  vols.  (7345  pamphlets,  32,194 
numbers  of  periodicals)  ;  total  97,803  (not  in- 
cluding unbound  theses  and  dissertations  10,- 
123,  pamphlets  75,125).  Persons  using  library 
!O,358;  books  consulted  17,146;  books  taken 
out  3758.  Expenditures  $5046.86. 

Council  Bluffs  (la.)  P.  L.  lone  Armstrong, 
Ibn.  (Rpt  — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  1697;  net 
gain  150;  total  32,056.  Circulation  90,077.  New 
registration  1948;  total  registration  6917.  An 
Iowa  collection  has  been  given  a  separate  room, 
and  the  children's  work  in  particular  has  grown 
to  52  per  cent,  of  the  whole  circulation. 

Galveston,  Tex.  Rosenberg  L.  Frank  C. 
Piatton,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  — yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
2500;  total  47,000  (including  public  documents 
and  2700  vols.  in  the  colored  branch).  Re- 
ceipts $58,038.79;  expenditures  $47,919.20. 

Iowa  State  L.  J.  Brigham,  Ibn.  (34th  rpt. 
—  bien.  year  Jl.,  1912.)  Accessions  8159;  total 
120,378.  Expenditures  $31,288. 

Lincoln,  Neb.  Rosenburg  P.  L.  Frank  C. 
Patten,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
2500;  total  about  47,000.  Registration  12,800. 
Receipts  $58,039.79;  expenditures  $47,919.20. 

Madison  (N.  7.)  P.  L.  Norma  B.  Bennett, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  1912.)  Accessions  743;  total 
9844.  Registration  1656.  Circulation  24,619. 

Frick  L.  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Fac- 
ulty of  Maryland,  Baltimore.  M.  C.  Noyes, 
Ibn.  Readers  3904.  Circulation  1618.  Current 
periodicals  received  179. 

Marshalltown  (la.)  P.  L.  Anna  M.  Kim- 
berly,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  1912.)  Accessions  684 ; 
total  14,702.  Circulation  61,944.  Registration 
4437.  Receipts  $4303.36 ;  expenditures  $2683.63. 

The  library  maintains  an  extension  service, 
with  four  stations,  and  holds  weekly  story 
hours. 


March,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


Mason  City  (la.)  P.  L.  Bertha  S.  Baird, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  1912.)  Accessions  1123;  to- 
tal 11,206.  New  registration  1769;  total  5500. 
Circulation  49,148  (juvenile  25,998).  Through 
the  school  libraries  15,738  books  have  been 
loaned  to  800  children.  Receipts  $5338.53;  ex- 
penditures $4370.71. 

New  Jersey  State  L.  Henry  C.  Buchanan, 
Ibn.  Accessions  4036;  total  87,477.  Expendi- 
tures: law  books  and  periodicals  $1656.79; 
binding  and  repairs  $297.95;  reference  dept. 
$1545.26. 

While  the  State  Library  has  a  "legislative  ref- 
erence" department  so-called,  material  has  been 
furnished  during  the  past  few  years  on  all  im- 
portant topics  that  have  been  up  for  discussion 
before  the  legislature.  The  library  has  an- 
ticipated as  far  as  possible  the  needs  of  the 
members  and  has  gathered  together  a  compre- 
hensive collection  of  books  on  all  phases  of 
political  science  and  economy. 

University  of  North  Carolina,  Chapel  Hill 
(N.  C.)  L.  Louis  R.  Wilson,  Ibn.  (Rpt— 
yr.  to  Ag.  14,  '12.)  Accessions  4685  (1271 
duplicates)  ;  total  65,027.  Home  circulation 
1220.  Receipts  $9420.34 ;  expenditures  $9090.24. 

The  entire  freshman  class  was  taught  the  use 
of  the  catalog  and  periodical  indexes,  and 
every  member  of  the  freshman  and  sophomore 
classes  was  required  to  make  practical  use  of 
the  periodical  indexes  in  working  out  a  bib- 
liography of  periodicals  actually  used  in  the 
preparation  of  theses  assigned  them  by  the 
English  department.  The  library  is  increasing 
its  service  to  individuals  and  schools  through- 
out the  state.  Courses  in  library  administra- 
tion have  been  given,  as  for  five  years  past. 
The  librarian  asks  for  a  better  endowment  for 
department  libraries,  another  cataloger,  sten- 
ographic service,  an  extra  assistant  for  the 
summer,  more  serious  consideration  to  the  en- 
largement of  the  library  courses  of  the  uni- 
versity, that  the  privileges  of  the  library  be 
extended  to  the  citizens  of  the  town  and  coun- 
try, and  that  certain  repairs  be  made  in  the 
library  building. 

North  Carolina  State  Library,  Raleigh. 
Miles  O.  Sherrill,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  two  years  end- 
ing N.  30,  1912.)  Accessions  1462;  total  42,- 
552.  The  library  cooperates  with  the  State 
Library  Commission  in  getting  its  resources 
before  the  people.  The  library  is  to  be  housed 
in  a  fire-proof  building  and  cataloged.  The 
collection  of  North  Carolina  material  has  been 
classified  and  recataloged,  numbers  1200,  and 
is  to  be  made  as  complete  and  valuable  a  col- 
lection of  North  Carolina  bibliography  as  pos- 
sible. 

Oberlin  College,  Oberlin  (O.)  L.  Azariah  H. 
Root,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  1911-1912.)  Accessions 
11,426;  total  125,691  (periodicals,  pamphlets, 
etc.,  to  358,193).  Number  readers  244,106. 
Receipts  $14,810.61:  expenditures  $25,116.24. 


Oregon  State  L.,  Salem.  Ore.  Edna  M.  Haw- 
ley,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  to  S.  '12.)  Accessions 
(law  dept.)  23,631  vols.,  54  pamphlets;  (docu- 
ment dept.)  34,124  vols.,  584  pamphlets.  Total 
(law  dept.)  23,483  vols.,  49  pamphlets;  (docu- 
ment and  reference  department)  33,600  vols. 
and  pamphlets. 

The  report  of  the  librarian  to  the  legislature 
requests  that  the  name  "State  Library,"  the 
miscellaneous  books  and  the  power  to  use  them 
throughout  the  state  be  given  to  the  State  Li- 
brary Commission,  and  that  the  present  State 
Library  be  designated  "the  Library  of  the 
Supreme  Court"  and  perform  the  functions  of 
a  law  library  only. 

Paducah,  Ky.  Carnegie  P.  L.  Jessica  Hop- 
kins, Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  1912.)  Accessions  1932 ; 
total  13,364.  Registration  9000.  Circulation 
61,751.  During  the  past  year  the  library  in- 
augurated the  following  new  features :  Sunday 
afternoon  opening  for  reading  and  reference; 
stereopticon  pictures  at  the  children's  story 
hour;  circulating  of  music,  especially  opera 
scores. 

Pasadena  (Cal.)  P.  L.  Nellie  M.  Russ,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.  —  yr.  to  Je.  30,  1912.)  *\ccessions  5886; 
total  37,822.  Circulation  224,832.  New  regis- 
tration 3002.  Receipts  $32,204.59;  expendi- 
tures $23,556.62  (books  and  music  $6492.56). 

Phillips  Academy,  Andover  (Mass.)  L. 
Sarah  J.  Frost,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  — yr.  to  Jl.  i,  '12.) 
Total  no.  vols.  5033.  Home  circulation  648; 
students  using  library,  January  to  July,  4688. 
Receipts  $500;  expenditures  $52^.66. 

The  library  now  occupies  a  room  in  Brechin 
Hall,  formerly  the  library  of  Andover  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  and  is  made  by  the  consoli- 
dation of  all  the  departmental  libraries  except 
that  of  archaeology. 

Santa  Barbara  (Cal)  Free  P.  L.  Frances 
Burns  Linn,  Ibn.  (Rpt  — yr.  to  Jl.  i,  1912.) 
Accessions  (city)  1497;  (county)  1624;  total 
in  city  library  21,612.  Circulation  (city)  74,- 
222;  (county)  35,395;  total  109,617.  Receipts 
$7823.63;  expenditures  $6505.78.  County  dept., 
receipts  $8285.34;  expenditures  $4521.92.  Per 
cent,  of  circulation  6.3  per  capita. 

San  Mateo  (Cal.)  Free  P.  L.  Inez  M.  Craw- 
ford, Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  ending  Jl.  30,  1912.) 
Accession;-  610;  total  5874.  Circulation  22,0^6. 
Receipts  $4332.19;  expeditures  $3074.27. 

Scranton  (Pa.)  P.  L.  Henry  J.  Carr,  Ibn. 
(Rpt  — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  5320;  total  71,- 
423.  Circulation  130,124.  New  registration 
2603;  total  10,816.  Receipts  $22,542.13:  ex- 
penditures $21,356.70. 

Worcester  (Mass.)  F.  P.  L.  Robert  K. 
Shaw,  Ibn.  (530!  rpt.  —  year  to  N.  30,  '12.) 
Accessions  (net  increase)  5775  ((by  purchase 
8611;  by  gift  861).  Circulation  446,150; 
juvenile  181,435.  New  registration  5,164; 


1/4 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  1913 


total  23,001.  Receipts  $58,576.25;  expenses 
$55,902.02  (books  and  periodicals  $13,083.54). 
Plans  for  three  branch  buildings  at  Quin- 
sigamond,  South  Worcester  and  Greendale, 
given  by  Andrew  Carnegie,  are  practically 
completed  and  active  work  will  begin  early  in 
1913.  Picture  collections,  particularly  from 
the  work  of  American  artists  have  been 
largely  increased.  Much  extension  work  is 
done  through  25  deposit  stations  at  factories, 
engine  houses,  homes  for  the  aged  and  sev- 
eral other  institutions.  The  work  of  the 
Children's  department  has  been  greatly  ex- 
tended through  five  school  deposit  stations. 
The  accession  book  has  been  dispensed  with 
experimentally. 

Woodstock,  Vt.  Norman  Williams  P.  L. 
(Rpt. —  yr.  1912.)  Accessions  300;  total  18,- 
370.  New  registration  362.  Circulation  25,418. 

ENGLISH 

Advocates  Library,  Edinburgh,  Scotland. 
William  Kirk  Dickson,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  — yr.  1912.) 
Accessions  51,230;  total,  books  and  pamphlets 
(including  volumes  of  periodicals  and  parlia- 
mentary papers)  619,500;  music  68,500;  maps 
and  charts  70,700;  manuscript  volumes  3200. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  England.  Public  Li- 
braries. Basil  Anderton,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  end- 
ing Mr.  31,  1912.)  Accessions  1422;  total  163,- 
057.  Circulation  601,568;  total  registration 
35,966. 

County  Borough  of  Portsmouth  Free  P.  Li- 
braries. Tweed  D.  A.  Jewers,  borough  Ibn. 
(Rpt.  — yr.  ending  Mr.  31,  '12. )  Total  number 
of  volumes  86,604.  Circulation  236,910.  New 
registration  3860.  Receipts  £4229  is.  6d. ;  ex- 
penditures ^4449  os.  2d. 

St.  Bride  Foundation  Institute.  London. 
Technical  L.  R.  A.  Peddie,  acting  Ibn.  (Rpt. 
—  1911-12.)  Accessions  1485;  total  (including 
pamphlets  and  prints)  26,703.  Lending  and 
Reference  Libraries.  F.  W.  T.  Lange,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.  — 1911-12.)  Accessions  731 ;  total  16,108. 
Circulation  102,941.  Registration  2332. 

Borough  of  Salford,  England,  L.  Ben.  H. 
Mullen,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  ending  Oct.  31, 1912.) 
Accessions  3628;  total  15,000.  Circulation  362,- 
525.  There  has  been  an  increase  of  16,716  in 
circulation,  and  an  increase  of  over  two  books 
issued  per  borrower  as  compared  with  last 
year. 


anb  Cataloging 


CUMULATIVE  book  index,  isth  annual  cumula- 
tion; author,  title,  and  subject  catalog  in  one 
alphabet  of  books  published  during  1912  ; 
comp.  by  Marion  E.  Potter  and  Emma  L. 
Teich.  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  H.  W.  Wilson 
Co.  830  p.  4°,  pap.,  $3  n.  ;  hf.  mor.,  $3.50  n. 
Two  months  after  the  issue  of  the  practically 

new  "United  States  catalog"  the  isth  annual 


cumulation  of  the  "Cumulative  book  index"  is 
ready;  it  covers  the  books  of  1912  as  far  as 
they  can  be  covered  in  a  list  which  is  to  be  the 
January  issue  of  the  steadily  growing  publica- 
tion. 830  pages,  as  against  624  in  1911,  record 
the  books  of  1912.  Owing  to  her  great  work 
on  the  "United  States  catalog"  Miss  Marion  E. 
Potter  delegated  Her  editorial  work  on  the 
cumulation  to  Miss  Emma  L.  Teich,  but  now 
resumes  her  old  place  on  the  title-page,  though 
retaining  the  name  of  Miss  Teich,  who  had 
full  charge  of  the  records  of  1912,  while  the 
"United  States  catalog"  was  printing. 

The  Library  of  Congress  numbers  are  more 
and  more  up  to  date,  and  a  careful  study  of 
the  compilation  by  those  experienced  in  its 
snares  and  pitfalls  make  us  say  heartily  that 
the  "Cumulative  book  index"  continues  to  be 
a  well-made  working  tool  of  great  value,  kept 
up  to  latest  date  from  time  to  time  as  the 
foundation  for  the  next  five-yearly  supple- 
ment to  the  "United  States  catalog." 

MODEL  PRIVATE  LIBRARY.  Wilson,  L.  N.  Sug- 
gestions for  a  model  private  library  at 
Clark  College.  Worcester,  Mass.,  Clark 
Univ.  Press.  137  p.  8°,  pap. 

ART.  Rapilly,  Georges.  Catalogue  de  livres 
d'art,  architecture  et  decoration,  peinture, 
sculpture,  gravure,  arts  industriels.  Paris, 
8°,  pap.  (No.  125;  447  titles.) 

BERGSON,  HENRI.  Columbia  Univ.  Lib.  A  con- 
tribution to  a  bibliography  of  Henri  Bergson. 
N.  Y.,  Lemcke  &  Buechner  and  Columbia 
Univ.  c.  13+56  p.  8°,  pap.,  25  c. 

BOOKS  AND  READING.  Hartford  (Conn.)  P.  L. 
Dec.,  '12.  A  selected  list  of  books  published 
in  1911  recommended  to  libraries.  15  p.  8°, 
pap. 

Quaritch,  Bernard.    Catalogue  of  rare  and 

valuable  books,  including  Arundel  Society's 
chromolithographs  and  autograph  letters  and 
documents  and  works  on  bibliography, 
Egypt,  European  history  and  philology,  fine 
arts,  genealogy  and  heraldry,  Ireland,  numis- 
mata,  occult  sciences,  Oriental  literature,  etc. 
London,  8°,  pap.  (No.  323;  988  titles.) 

U.    S.   Dept.   of   Agric.   Bull,   Nov.,   '12. 

Books  on  agriculture,  pharmacy,  medicine, 
botany,  natural  history,  geology,  zoology, 
education,  geography,  etc.  Wash.,  D.  C., 
Gov.  Pr.  Off.,  8°,  pap. 

CATHOLIC  LITERATURE.  Baer,  Jos.,  &  Co.  The- 
ologia  Catholica:  Sechster  Teil-Kirchenge- 
schichte  I,  M-Z.  Frankfurt  a.M.  8°,  pap. 
(No.  605;  5297  titles.) 

CHILDREN.  Clark  University,  Worcester,  Mass., 
Library.  Bibliography  of  child  study  for 
the  years  1910-1911.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr. 
Off.  90  p.  8°,  (U.  S.,  Bu.  of  Education 
bull.)  pap. 

CIVIL  WAR.  Newhall,  Daniel  H.  Literature 
of  the  Civil  War.  N.  Y.  8°,  pap.  (No.  75.) 


March,   1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


175 


COBBETT,  WILLIAM.  Benjamin,  Lewis  S., 
["Lewis  Melville,"  pseud.]  The  life  and  let- 
ters of  William,  Cobbett  in  England  and 
America;  based  upon  hitherto  unpublished 
family  papers;  with  32  illustrations.  In  2  v. 
N.  Y.,  J:  Lane.  15+330;  9+335  P.  (42  p. 
bibl.)  8°.  $10. 

COFFEE.  Graham,  Harry  Crusen.  Coffee; 
production,  trade  and  consumption,  by  coun- 
tries. Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  134  P- 
(4  p.  bibl.)  tabs.,  diagrs.,  8°,  (U.  S.,  Dept 
of  Agriculture,  Bu.  of  Statistics,  bull.)  pap. 

EDUCATION.  MacDonald,  Arth.  Bibliography 
of  exceptional  children  and  their  education. 
Wash,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  46  p.  8°,  (U.  S., 
Bu.  of  Education,  bull.)  pap. 

U.  S.  Bureau  of  Educ.  Bull.   (Dec.,  '12- 

Jan.,  '13).  Monthly  record  of  current  edu- 
cational publications;  comp.  by  the  lib.  divi- 
sion of  the  Bu.  of  Educ.,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  J:  D.  Wolcott,  acting  libn.  Wash., 
D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  8°,  pap. 

Scott,  Wa.  World  education ;  a  discus- 
sion of  the  favorable  conditions  for  a 
world  campaign  for  education.  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  [The  author.]  c.  '12.  8+123  p.  (3  p. 
bibl.)  12°,  $i. 

EGYPT.  Edwards.  Fs.  A  short  list  of  books 
dealing  with  the  Near  East,  especially  Egypt 
and  neighboring  countries,  including  publi- 
cations of  the  Egypt  Exploration  Fund, 
Oriental  Translation  Fund,  etc.  8°,  pap.  (No. 
319;  322  titles.) 

ENGINEERING.  Caldwell.  Fs.  Cary.  Electro- 
lytic disposition  of  sewage.  Columbus,  O.r 
Ohio  State  Univ.  8  p.  (8  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (Bull. 
Coll.  of  Engineering.)  pap.,  gratis. 

ETHNOLOGY.  List  of  publications  of  the  Bureau 
of  American  Ethnology,  with  index  to  au- 
thor and  titles.  Wash.,  D.  C.,  Gov.  Pr.  Off. 
35  P.  8°. 

EUROPEAN  HISTORY.  Richardson,  E.  C.,  comp. 
A  union  list  of  collections  on  European  his- 
tory in  American  libraries;  comp.  for  the 
committee  on  bibl.  of  the  Am.  Hist.  Assn. 
Princeton,  N.  J.,  '12.  114  p.  8°,  bds. 

EXPERIMENT  STATION  LITERATURE.  Key  to 
subject  index  of  experiment  station  litera- 
ture. Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  4  p.  8°, 
(U.  S.,  Dept.  of  Agric.,  Office  of  Experi- 
ment Stations  cir.)  pap. 

FAMILY  (The).  Thwing,  Rev,  C:  Franklin, 
and  Thwing,  Mrs.  Carrie  F.  Butler.  The 
family;  an  historical  and  social  study.  Rev. 
and  enl.  ed.  Bost,  Lothrop,  L.  &  S.  c.  '86- 
'13.  258  p.  (14^  p.  bibl.)  $1.60. 

FRANCE.  Ministere  de  I'lnterieur.  Bibliogra- 
phic de  la  France ;  including  items  on  many 
subjects.  Paris.  8°,  pap.  (No.  3.) 

GEOMETRY.  Sykes,  Mabel,  and  others.  A 
source  book  of  problems  for  geometry,  based 


upon  industrial  design  and  architectural  or- 
nament.    Bost.,   Allyn   &   Bacon.   8+372   p. 
(10  p.  bibl.)  il.  diagrs.,  12°,  $2.50. 
GERMAN  LITERATURE.     Halle,  J.    Deutsche  lit- 
eratur     bis     zum     dreissigjahrigen     kriege. 
Miinchen.  8°,  pap.   (No.  44;  463  titles.) 

Halle,  J.    Viertes  Angebot  von  Original- 

ausgaben   der   Deutschen   Litteratur.     Miin- 
chen. 8°,  pap.  (716  titles.) 

GERMANY.  Usher,  Rowland  Greene.  Pan- 
Germanism.  Bost.,  Houghton  Mifflin.  c.  7+ 
313  P.  (3  P.  bibl.)  O.  $1.75  n. 

HERPETOLOGY.  Ruthven,  Alex.  Grant,  and 
others.  The  herpetology  of  Michigan  by 
Alex.  G.  Ruthven  and  others ;  memoranda 
toward  a  bibliography  of  the  archaeology  of 
Michigan  by  Harlan  I.  Smith;  prepared  un- 
der the  direction  of  Alex.  G.  Ruthven. 
Lansing,  Mich.,  Mich.  Geolog.  and  Biolog. 
Survey.  109  p.  il.  pis.  maps,  (Biological  ser.) 
90  c. 

INTERNATIONAL  CONCILIATION.  Jordan  D: 
Starr,  and  Krehbiel,  E:  B.  Syllabus  of 
lectures  on  international  conciliation;  given 
at  Leland  Stanford  Junior  University.  Bost., 
World  Peace  Found.  180  p.  (bibls.)  tabs., 
diagrs.,  8°,  pap.,  $i. 

ITALIAN  HISTORY.  Hoepli,  Ulrico.  Risorgi- 
mento  Italiano.  Parte  7a.  Milano.  8°,  pap. 
(No.  142;  3146  titles.) 

ITALY.  Lange,  Otto.  Storia  d'ltalia;  biblio- 
grafia;  storia  universitaria ;  storia  generate; 
risorgimento ;  statui  storia  municipale.  Fi- 
renze.  8°,  pap.  (No.  27;  1060  titles.) 

LABOR  AND  LABORING  CLASSES.  U.  S.  Bureau 
of  Labor.  Publications  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau 
of  Labor  prior  to  July  i,  1912.  Wash.,  D.  C, 
Gov.  Pr.  Off.  13  p.  8°,  pap. 

LIQUOR  TRAFFIC.  Reeder,  C.  Wells,  comp. 
Select  list  of  references  on  license  of  the 
liquor  traffic  in  the  United  States.  Colum- 
bus, O.,  Ohio  State  Univ.  8  p.  8°,  (Biblio- 
graphies prepared  for  the  Constitutional 
Convention  by  the  Lib.  of  the  Ohio  State 
Univ.)  pap.,  gratis. 

MATHEMATICS.  Smith,  D.  Eug.,  and  Gold- 
izher,  C.  Bibliography  of  the  teaching  of 
mathematics,  1900-1912.  Wash.,  D.  C.,  Gov. 
Pr.  Off.  95  p.  8°,  (U.  S.,  Bu.  of  Education, 
bull.)  pap. 

MICMAC  INDIANS.  Nova  Scotia  Inst.  of  Sci- 
ence at  Halifax.  Proceedings  and  transac- 
tions. Bibliography  of  the  Micmac  Indians, 
being  an  appendix  to  a  brief  account  of  the 
Micmac  Indians  of  Nova  Scotia,  by  Harry 
Piers.. 

NETHERLANDS.  Nijhoff,  Martinus.  Nijhoff's 
index  op  de  Nederlandische  periodieken  van 
algemeenen  inhoud.  La  Haye.  32  p.  8°,  pap. 

NEW  TESTAMENT.  Souter,  Alex.  The  text 
and  canon  of  the  New  Testament.  N.  Y., 


176 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{March,  1913 


Scribner.  10+254  p.  (n  p.  bibl.)   12°,  (Stu- 
dies in  theology.)  75  c. 

ORIENTAL  LITERATURE.  Hoepli,  Ulrico.  Orien- 
talia.  Milan.  12°,  pap.  (No.  143;  987  titles.) 

-  Luzac  &  Co.     Oriental  list  and  book  re- 
view.    London.  8°,  pap.     (Nos.  9  and  10.) 

PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS.  Philippine  L.  Bull. 
(Dec.,  '12.)  List  of  works  in  the  Filipiniana 
division  relating  to  the  study  of  the  bib- 
liography of  the  Philippine  Islands.  Part 
IV.  Manila,  p.  61-4.  4°,  pap. 

PHILOSOPHY.  Benn,  Alfr.  W.  History  of 
modern  philosophy.  N.  Y.,  Putnam,  c.  '12. 
5+191  p.  (7  p.  bibl.)  pors.  16°,  (History  of 
the  sciences.)  75  c. 

PIERRE  DU  RYER.     Lancaster,  H.   Carrington. 

Pierre  du  Ryer,  dramatist.     Wash.,  D.  C, 

Carnegie  Inst.  5+182  p.   (5  p.  bibl.)    front. 

O.  pap.,  $1.25. 
PRINTING.     Story   of    Chicago   in   connection 

with   the  printing  business.     Chic.,   Regan. 

Pr.  Ho.,  [525-537  Plymouth  PI.]  224  p.  (86 

p.  bibl.)  il.  12°,  gratis,  bxd. 

PRINTING  AND  BOOKBINDING.  Peddie,  R.  A., 
comp.  Catalogue  of  works  on  practical 
printing,  processes  of  illustration  and  book- 
binding; published  since  the  year  1900,  and 
now  in  the  St.  Bride  Foundation  Technical 
Lib.  London.  32  p.  8°,  pap. 

PSYCHOLOGY.  Dunlap,  Knight.  A  system  of 
psychology.  N.  Y.,  Scribner.  c.  '12.  14+1 
368  p.  (7  P.  bibl.)  il.  12°,  $1.25. 

-  Parmelee,     Maurice.       The     science     of 
human    behavior;    biological    and    psycho- 
logical  foundations.     N.   Y.,   Macmillan.   c. 
174-443  P.  (ii^  P.  bibl.)  8°,  $2. 


PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS.  N.  Y.  P.  L.  Bull,  Ja., 
'13.  List  of  city  charters,  ordinances  and 
collected  documents.  Part  IV.  pp.  7-78. 
4°,  pap. 

SCIENCE.  Lisbon  (Portugal)  Academia  das 
sciencias  de  Lisboa.  Premeira  serie,  V.  I. 
—  Fasciculo  no.  I  —  Dezembro,  1910;  Secun- 
da  serie,  V.  L—  Fasciculo  no.  I—  Outubro, 
1911;  Primeira  serie,  V.  I  —  Fasciculo  no.  2  — 
Outubro,  1912. 

SOCIALISM.  Orth,  S.  P.  Socialism  and  de- 
mocracy in  Europe.  N.  Y.,  Holt.  c.  3+352 
p.  (6*/2  p.  bibl.)  12°,  $1.50. 

SOCIOLOGY-PHILOLOGY.  Carnegie  L.  of  Pitts- 
burgh. Classified  catalog,  1907-1911.  Part 
II.,  Sociology-philology.  712+37  p.  8°,  pap., 
60  c. 

THEOLOGY.  Moffat,  Ja.,  D.D.  The  theology 
of  the  gospels.  N.  Y.,  Scribner.  16+220  p. 
(4  p.  bibl.)  12°,  (Studies  in  theology.)  75  c. 

VAN  EYCKS.  Weale,  W.  H.  Ja.,  and  Brock- 
well,  Maurice,  W.  The  Van  Eycks  and  their 
art.  N.  Y.,  J.  Lane.  40+323  p.  (21  p.  bibl.) 
pis.  8°,  $4. 


tbumotg  anfr  BlunDers 

THE   REFERENCE   LIBRARIAN 

Some  months  ago  the  Boston  Transcript  published 
a  description  in  verse  of  the  life  of  a  reference  libra- 
rian, and  the  lines  have  been  copied  in  all  kinds  of 
publications  all  over  the  world,' from  Baroda  to  Can- 
ada. The  latest  version  is  a  translation  into  Dutch, 
which  Het  Boek  prints  beside  the  English  version. 
We  think  that  librarians  will  enjoy  it,  even  without 
comparison  with  the  original,  which  may  be  found  in 
the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  for  October,  1912. 

DE    LEESZAAL-BIBLIOTIIECARIS 

Daar  troont  hij    voor   zijn   lessenaar. 
.Ten   alien  tijd   voor   ieder  klaar. 
Een  vraag  bereikt  hem  nu  en  dan 
Als:    ,,Geeft   U   mij    Who's  who-'s   an!" 
,,Mag   'k    de    grammaire   van    Dubois! 
,,Wie  zei   ook  weer:   1'Etat  c'est  moi? 
,,Het   tocht   hier   erg  .  .  .  het   oude   lied  — 
,,Is  Shakespeare  Bacon  nu,  of  niet? 
,,Vertel   eens,    weet   U   wie   ik   ben? 
,,Och,  mag  ik  eventjes  Uw  pen!" 
,,Zijn   oesters  niet  het  best  in  Maart? 
,,Hoeveel   is   een    peseta   waard? 
,,Hoe  groot  was  Adam  ongeveer? 
,,Wat   denkt   U   morgen   van   het   weer? 
,,Is't  Hof  nu  hier  of  op  het  Loo? 
,,Hebt   U   een   prullemand,    of   zoo? 
,,Bent  U  voor  Taft  of   Roosevelt 
,,Hebt    U    Larousse    laatst    nog   besteld? 
,,Waar  is   dat  boek,   dat   hier  eerst  stond? 
,,Wie  reisde  't  eerst  de   wereld  rond? 
,,Mijnheer,  waar  is  de  telefoon? 
,,Zegt   men   ,,to  lend",    of   wel    "to   loan"? 
,,Ts   dit  nu   de   catalogus? 
,,-Ik  zoek  een' boek:  De  eerste  kus! 
,,Verdient  U  hier  nu  wel  genoeg? 
,,En  bent   U  's  morgens  hier   al   vroeg? 
,,Graag   de    voorlaatste    Eigen    Haard! 
,,En  hebt  U  nog  de  Gids  vr.n    Mnart? 
,,Gebmikt   U   Brown   of  Dewev  hier? 
,,Verleent   U   gratis   schrijf papier 
,,Mijnheer  een  vhaag  en  dat  is  dit: 
,,Werkt  U  nu  veel  als  U  hier  zit?" 

(Zeer  vrii  vert.) 

Communications 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  AND  INDEX  MATERIAL  IN 
MANUSCRIPT 

The  Committee  on  Research  Institute  for 
the  promotion  of  Agriculture,  Manufacture 
and  Commerce,  Chicago,  is  collecting  infor- 
mation about  bibliographical  material  and  in- 
dexes kept  in  manuscript  by  libraries  and  in- 
dividuals. 

Those  who  have  such  rraterial  in  their  pos- 
session, or  know  of  the  whereabouts  of  any, 
are  asked  to  communicate  with  the  under- 
signed, care  the  John  Crerar  Library,  Chicago. 

AKSEL  G.  S.  JOSEPHSON, 
Chairman  Committee  on  Research  Inst. 

Xlbran?  Calen£>sr 


MARCH 

5-7.    Wis.  L.  A.,  Wausau,  Wis. 
Mr.    Old  Colony  L.  C. 

Ma.PJe.?    Mass.  L.  C,  annual  meeting,  Will- 

iamstown. 
Je.     A.  L.  A.  annual  conference,  Hotel  Kaat- 

erskill,  N.  Y. 


JOHN    SHAW   BILLINGS 
I838-I9I3 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


m 


VOL.  38 


APRIL,   1913 


No,  4 


THE  death  of  Dr.  John  Shaw  Billings  loses 
to  the  library  profession  one  of  its  most 
forceful  factors.  He  was  a  masterful  man, 
great  in  any  of  the  varied  works  to  which  his 
executive  ability  was  turned.  In  his  long  and 
fruitful  career  he  was  first  the  soldier,  then 
the  collector  of  the  greatest  of  medical  libra- 
ries, then  the  foremost  of  medical  bibliog- 
raphers, then  the  hygienist  and  hospital  ex- 
pert, and  finally  the  administrative  developer 
of  the  largest  public  library  system  in  the 
world,  centered  in  the  great  building  which 
he  himself  planned  and  which  will  remain 
his  lasting  monument.  In  a  sense,  he  was  always 
first  the  soldier,  for  his  military  experience 
gave  him  the  training  which  made  him  so 
great  an  executive,  selecting  the  best  men  for 
his  staff,  laying  down  the  best  methods,  and 
commanding  all.  A  great  organizer  himself, 
he  was  sometimes  impatient  with  organiza- 
tion which  seemed  to  him  ill-advised  or  ill- 
directed  ;  and  so  was  in  some  instances  out  of 
sympathy  with  associative  bodies,  and  seemed 
to  many  to  lack  the  personal  touch.  But 
underneath  the  soldier  was  the  man,  very 
human  and  essentially  kindly  and  apprecia- 
tive. Those  who  recall  the  early  days  of 
library  development  a  generation  ago  think 
of  him  as  like  Justin  Winsor,  another  great 
librarian,  who  came  to  his  calling  from  with- 
out the  ranks  of  the  profession  because,  while 
a  scholar,  he  was  first  of  all  a  great  executive, 
who  mastered  the  work  of  the  library  as  he 
would  have  mastered  any  other  work  to  which 
he  was  called.  Dr.  Billings  was  one  of  the 
elders  in  the  profession  of  librarianship,  and 
his  death  closes  the  honor  roll  of  its  first 
generation.  Now,  all  along  the  line,  it  is  the 
men  next  in  age  and  those  of  the  rising  gen- 
eration who  must  do  the  work. 

THE  library  profession,  though  recruited  in 
exceptional  cases  like  those  of  Winsor  and 
Billings  from  other  walks  of  life,  is  more 
often  recruited  from  the  teacher's  calling  than 
from  any  other,  and  to  the  schoolroom  we 
owe  President  Legler  and  others  who  have 
come  to  the  front  in  the  present  genera- 


tion. It  is  well  that  these  two  great  callings 
of  the  teacher  and  of  the  librarian  should 
thus  be  interlinked,  for  the  school  and  the 
library  must  always  be  close  to  each  other. 
Their  problems  are  in  many  respects  the 
same,  and  in  no  respect  more  so  than  in  the 
relation  of  trustees  with  technical  work.  In 
New  York  City  a  great  battle  is  waging  in 
defense  of  the  principle  for  which  Superin- 
tendent Maxwell  has  stood,  that  the  planning 
of  educational  courses,  as  well  as  the  work 
of  teaching  itself,  should  be  in  the  hands  of 
skilled  experts,  who  know  whereof  they  plan, 
and  that  the  trustees,  as  ultimate  authority, 
should  be  prepared  to  apply  the  advice  of 
technical  experts  rather  than  to  attempt  them- 
selves to  be  their  own  advisers  in  technical 
matters.  The  principle  holds  good,  as  we 
have  often  pointed  out  in  the  case  of  libraries, 
where  the  trustees  should  look  upon  the 
trained  librarian  and  his  trained  staff  as  the 
people  who  know  more  about  library  matters 
than  themselves,  and  while  passing  in  gen- 
eral upon  library  problems,  should  do  so  only 
in  view  of  the  experience  which  their  trained 
officials  put  at  their  service.  Any  scheme  of 
government  which  invites  interference  by  the 
administrative  board  with  the  work  of  trained 
professionals  is  mischievous  in  character  and 
is  to  be  discouraged.  There  come  critical 
times  when  a  board  must  exert  its  functions, 
as  in  the  selection  of  chiefs  and  experts,  or 
when  professional  questions  involve  decisions 
of  a  larger  nature — and  for  this  the  final  au- 
thority should  hold  itself  in  reserve. 

ON  the  question  of  hours,  vacations  and 
salaries,  comparisons  are  naturally  made  be- 
tween teachers  and  librarians,  although  the 
circumstances  are  in  many  respects  different 
— particularly  as  to  the  long  vacation  which 
teachers  enjoy,  and  the  fact  that  the  shorter 
hours  of  the  teacher  within  school  must  often 
be  supplemented  with  longer  hours  when  the 
outside  work  is  taken  into  consideration.  The 
report  of  the  medical  officer  of  the  New  York 
Public  Library  will  be  read  with  interest  alike 
by  librarians  and  teachers.  He  emphasizes 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


the  importance  of  an  hour's  break  within  the 
day  of  work,  which  shall  permit  the  library 
worker  time  for  a  little  walk  before  luncheon 
and  for  a  little  rest  time  afterward,  and  this  is 
quite  as  necessary  in  the  case  of  teacher  and 
pupil  in  the  schools.  In  fact,  the  experience 
of  the  training  class  in  the  Brooklyn  Public 
Library  is  interestingly  in  point,  for  the 
freshness  of  mind  which  visitors  have  noted 
in  the  later  hours  is  attributed  largely  to  the 
recess  between  hours  and  the  breaking  of  the 
long  day  by  change  of  work.  The  New  York 
Public  Library,  i-n  its  reference  department, 
has  for  years  had  a  forty-hour  week,  the 
standard  schedule  running  from  nine  to 
five,  with  a  half  day  off  every  other  week; 
in  divisions  that  work  with  the  public,  the 
schedule  differs,  but  the  total  number  of 
hours  remains  the  same.  This  has  worked 
so  well  that  the  forty-hour  week  has  been 
put  in  practice  throughout  the  branches, 
with  five  eight-hour  days  and  a  full  free  day 
within  the  week.  The  Brooklyn  Public  Li- 
brary is  to  follow  this  example  experiment- 
ally through  the  month  of  April,  when  it  is 
hoped  that  the  results  will  justify  the  adop- 
tion of  a  similar  system,  though  here  the  plan 
is  to  make  the  free  day  from  noon  to  noon, 
instead  of  from  morning  to  night.  The  pro- 
fession throughout  the  country  will  watch 
with  interest  the  results  of  this  more  gener- 
ous system  of  hours,  which  it  is  hoped  will 
increase  the  efficiency  of  the  library  staff 
without  involving  seriously  increased  cost. 


PROVISION  for  library  training  in  schools  is 
a  matter  of  universal  importance,  for  every 
school  child  must  ultimately  be  a  reader,  if 
not  a  student,  and,  naturally,  a  user  of  public 
libraries.  In  the  crowded  curriculum  of 
schools,  any  addition  seems  at  first  sight  a 
forbidden  thing,  but  it  is  not  to  be  forgotten 
that  to  know  how  to  use  tools  is  to  know 
how  to  save  time.  The  carpenter's  appren- 
tice must  first  of  all  learn  what  his  tools  are 
and  how  to  use  them  before  he  can  actually 
set  to  work,  and  then  comes  the  apprentice- 
ship in  which  the  tools  and  the  work  begin 
to  fit  together  and  produce  results.  Not 
enough  attention,  indeed,  has  been  'given 
throughout  our  school  system  to  this  kind  of 
time  saving.  It  is  worth  while  for  every  boy 
and  girl  to  know  how  to  use  the  equipment 
of  a  book,  its  index,  table  of  contents,  etc., 


and  to  find  quickly  the  proper  reference  in 
the  proper  book,  and  to  use  the  public  library, 
especially  through  the  key  of  the  card  catalog. 
Miss  Mendenhall's  pleasant  paper  on  this  sub- 
ject contains  much  informing  suggestion  in 
this  direction,  and  is  thoroughly  sound.  A 
child  in  the  secondary  school  should  certainly 
know  how  best  to  use  the  public  library,  and 
a  high  school  student  should  know  something 
more  about  books  and  how  to  use  them,  sa 
that  if  neither  reaches  higher  on  the  ladder 
of  education,  this  amount  of  knowledge  will- 
always  be  at  disposal  in  after  life.  There  is 
nothing  more  important  before  the  librarian 
on  the  one  side  and  the  teacher  on  the  other 
than  this  cooperation  in  doing  a  universal 
service  to  the  reading  and  working  public  of  i 
the  future. 


THE  National  Education  Association,  better 
known  as  the  N.  E.  A.,  is,  of  course,  the 
proper  body  to  foster  the  development  of 
school  libraries,  and  it  is  gratifying  to  know 
that  under  the  chairmanship  of  Miss  Mary  E. 
Hall,  of  the  Girls'  High  School,  in  Brooklyn, 
as  president  of  the  library  section,  there  is 
increasing  activity  in  prospect  in  this  direc- 
tion. The  N.  E.  A.  has  hitherto  concentrated 
attention  first  on  library  work  in  high  schools ; 
during  the  present  year  special  attention  will 
be  given  to  normal  school  libraries,  and 
thereafter  a  campaign  is  planned  with  refer- 
ence to  libraries  in  elementary  schools  and 
rural  schools.  Miss  Hall  feels  that  if  school 
libraries  are  to  be  managed  efficiently,  school 
librarians  should  have  an  opportunity  to  get 
together  to  discuss  their  own  peculiar  prob- 
lems and  to  gain  that  larger  view  of  their 
library  work  which  comes  from  meeting 
personally,  as  well  as  hearing  those  who  are 
working  in  other  and  larger  fields.  That 
this  may  be  accomplished,  the  members 
of  the  library  department  have  planned  a 
round-table  conference  of  school  librarians  in 
connection  with  the  A.  L.  A.  conference  at 
the  Hotel  Kaaterskill  in  June,  and  one  in 
Salt  Lake  City  between  July  7  and  14,  in  con- 
nection with  the  N.  E.  A.  meeting.  It  is 
hoped  that  all  school  librarians,  who  can  pos- 
sibly do  so,  will  plan  to  attend.  A  tentative 
program  has  been  prepared,  and  the  commit- 
tee will  welcome  suggestions  of  topics  for 
general  discussion  by  leading  school  librarians. 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


179 


THE  JOINT   WORK   OF  THE  HIGH    SCHOOL  AND   THE   PUBLIC 
LIBRARY   IN   RELATING    EDUCATION   TO   LIFE* 

BY  MARILLA  WAITE  FREEMAN,  Librarian,  Goodwyn  Institute  Library,  Memphis,  Tenn. 


IF  we  could  only  draw  upon  the  German 
language,  we  might  surely  find  or  frame  some 
one  long  and  mighty  word  which  would  em- 
brace all  that  my  title  seeks  to  say  in  its 
rather  clumsy  English.  My  wish  is  to  em- 
phasize the  human,  the  personal  side  of  our 
common  task,  rather  than  its  purely  technical 
method.  We  both,  the  high  school  and  the 
public  library,  deal  with  the  same  raw  ma- 
terial— human  lives  in  the  making.  And  for 
a  certain  period  we  deal  side  by  side  with  the 
same  group  of  human  lives.  In  this  day  of 
scientific  management,  it  seems  important, 
therefore,  that  we  should  coordinate  our 
efforts. 

Our  first  question,  then,  is,  just  what  are 
we  trying  to  do  with  our  material ;  and  the 
second,  just  how  shall  we  best  and  most 
economically  go  at  it? 

As  to  the  what,  I  think  we  shall  agree 
that  our  common  ideal  is  to  have  a  share  in 
the  making  of  happy,  useful,  efficient  human 
lives.  It  is  a  large  ambition,  but  we  have  at 
our  disposal  those  most  potent  tools  of  edu- 
cation, personality  and  books.  If  we  use  well 
our  tools,  the  resulting  process  will  be  a  vital 
thing  to  the  lives  which  are  molded  by  it. 

When  we  ask  ourselves  how  we  are  going 
at  our  task  of  making  education  fit  life,  many 
answers  present  themselves.  I  will  speak  only 
of  three  points,  and  first  of  the  one  that 
seems  most  obvious — recognition  of  the  fun- 
damental importance  of  the  life-career  mo- 
tive. "What  am  I  going  to  do  with  my  life?" 
is  a  question  which  every  boy  and  girl  must 
meet  soon  or  late,  a  question  which  both  teacher 
and  librarian  should  help  the  boy  and  girl  to  ask 
and  answer.  The  problem  of  vocational  guid- 
ance is  one  of  the  most  widely  discussed  topics 
in  the  educational  world  to-day.  It  is  com- 
ing to  be  recognized  that  in  every  high'  school 
there  should  be  a  trained  vocational  adviser, 
one  who  is  fitted  to  "play  the  delicate  and 
difficult  part"  of  helping  each  pupil  to  find 
the  work  for  which  he  is  best  fitted,  and  then 

*  Read  at  the  meeting  of  the  Department  of  Libra- 
ries, Southern  Educational  Association,  Louisville, 
Ky.,  Nov.  29,  1912. 


of  planning  his  training  for  efficiency  in  that 
work.  Such  definite  vocational  direction  has 
now  been  undertaken  in  several  cities,  first 
of  all,  perhaps,  in  the  high  schools  of  New 
York  and  Brooklyn,  where  Mr.  E.  W. 
Weaver,  of  the  Boys'  High  School,  Brooklyn, 
is  a  pioneer,  if  not  the  originator,  of  the 
whole  movement ;  in  the  Central  High  School 
of  Grand  Rapids,  Michigan,  and  notably  in 
the  Vocational  Bureau  of  Boston,  which  was 
organized  for  the  express  purpose  of  assist- 
ing graduates  of  the  public  schools  "in  choos- 
ing wisely  the  most  appropriate  employment, 
and  in  securing  the  same  for  them." 

To  prove  the  demand  for  such  expert  guid- 
ance in  our  own  communities,  I  need  only  cite 
a  few  of  the  requests  for  vocational  help 
which  have  recently  come  to  Goodwyn  Insti- 
tute Library.  A  high  school  graduate,  who 
wishes  to  support  herself,  asks  a  list  of  things 
girls  may  do  besides  teaching  and  sten- 
ography; a  girl  who  has  taste  for  designing 
costumes  wants  to  know  where  she  can  train 
and  how  use  her  gift;  a  mature  mechanic 
wishes  to  know  the  best  and  least  expensive 
mechanical  engineering  course  nearby  that 
will  give  him  school  training ;  a  boy  who  loves 
trees  wants  to  know  where  he  can  study 
forestry;  another,  scientific  farming;  a  high 
school  graduate,  eager  for  a  library  school 
training,  must  earn  some  money  first — how 
shall  she  do  it;  a  mature  woman,  interested 
in  social  service,  has  had  some  experience  as 
matron  of  an  institution,  and  has  money  for 
training — where  can  she  train, and  for  what; 
a  colored  girl,  who  has  saved  money  to  go  to 
the  Pacific  coast,  seeing  in  the  street  cars  our 
library  card,  beginning,  "What  do  you  want 
to  know?"  ventures  in  to  ask  which  western 
cities  offer  best  opportunities  for  her  race. 

The  list  could  be  extended  indefinitely,  and 
you  will  see  that  the  library,  as  an  informal 
vocation  bureau,  might  easily  become  an  all- 
absorbing  field  to  the  librarian.  Yet  it  is  in 
the  high  school  that  this  work  most  logically 
belongs. 

Until  the  office  of  special  vocational  direc- 
tor is  more  usual  than  at  present,  the  teacher 


i8o 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


and  the  librarian  must  needs  cooperate  to  fill 
this  need,  as  far  as  lies  in  their  power.  The 
ideal  high  school  will,  of  course,  have  voca- 
tional literature,  catalogs  of  special  schools, 
and  so  forth,  in  its  own  library,  either  as  a 
branch  of  the  public  library,  as  in  Newark, 
N.  J.,  and  many  other  cities,  or  in  some  way 
co-ordinated  with  it;  its  books  may  be  selected 
and  cataloged  through  the  public  library,  and 
its  collection  reinforced  by  temporary  loans 
from  the  library  shelves.  In  the  great  num- 
ber of  smaller  towns  where  this  plan  is  not 
feasible,  the  public  library  will  furnish  the 
literature  of  vocational  guidance  to  which  the 
pupil  will  be  directed  by  his  teacher.  On  the 
part  of  the  teacher,  there  is  opportunity  for 
observation  of  a  student's  natural  bent  and 
for  help  in  guiding  his  education  accordingly. 
The  personal  friendship  and  knowledge  of 
the  teacher  may  be  supplemented  by  the  li- 
brary's resources  in  print,  and  by  a  warm  and 
intelligent  interest  on  the  part  of  the  librarian. 
The  literature  of  vocational  guidance  is 
already  large.  The  brief  list  which  I  have 
compiled  to  accompany  this  paper  is  merely 
.suggestive.  A  much  fuller  and  a  most  help- 
ful list  is  given  by  Mr.  J.  B.  Davis,  in  his 
"Outline  of  work  in  vocational  guidance  in 
the  Central  High  School  of  Grand  Rapids, 
Michigan."  In  order  to  reach  all  the  pupils 
in  the  high  school,  this  work  is  carried  on 
through  the  department  of  English.  Brief 
themes  and  discussions  form  the  basis  of  the 
^work.  Pupils  are  directed  in  their  reading 
along  vocational  and  ethical  lines,  and  are 
advised  by  teachers  who  have  made  a  special 
study  of  vocational  guidance.  The  reading 
list  is  arranged  under  such  topics  as  "Ele- 
ments of  success  in  life,"  "Biography  of  suc- 
cessful men  and  women,"  "The  world's  work 
for  men  and  women,"  "Choosing  a  vocation," 
"Preparations  for  life's  work,"  "Business  and 
social  ethics."  This  reading  list  was  printed 
in  the  Bulletin  of  the  Grand  Rapids  Public 
Library  for  October,  1911.  Its  use  by  pupils 
brings  them  into  close  relation  with  the  pub- 
lic library  and  its  books,  and  prepares  them 
to  use  the  library  as  a  sort  of  continuation 
school  after  their  actual  school  days  are  over. 
To  encourage  this  after-school  habit,  the  libra- 
rian sends  a  printed  leaflet  letter  to  every 
graduate  of  the  schools,  especially  of  the 
night  schools,  under  the  caption,  "Don't  be  a 
qwitter,"  inviting  him  to  continue  his  educa- 
tion through  the  public  library. 


"Blessed  is  he  who  has  found  his  work," 
says  Carlyle,  and  we  may  add,  "Blessed  is  he 
who  has  found  his  play."  After  we  have 
helped  relate  education  to  life-work,  we  have 
yet  to  provide  for  the  margin  of  leisure, 
and  if  we  have  read  our  Bennett,  we  know 
that  the  question  of  how  to  live  on  twenty- 
four  hours  a  day  is  largely  a  question  of 
what  we  do  with  our  "spare  time."  Every  man 
needs  to  have  his  avocation  as  well  as  his 
vocation,  his  life-interests,  his  play-interests, 
outside  of  or  accompanying  the  vital  in- 
terest of  his  daily  work.  It  does  not  matter 
so  much  whether  it  is  music  or  poetry,  me- 
chanics or  vegetable  gardening,  so  long  as  it 
is  a  real  interest.  But  it  is  surprising  to  see 
the  number  of  young  people  who  do  not  even 
know  how  to  find  out  and  develop  and  enjoy 
what  does  interest  them.  Surely  the  teacher 
has  a  wonderful  opportunity  to  help  discover 
and  form  such  tastes  and  the  public  library 
to  foster  them.  The  high  school  library,  as 
a  rule,  can  furnish  only  the  necessary  refer- 
ence books  and  perhaps  supplementary  read- 
ing. It  is  the  public  library  which  must  sup- 
ply the  literature  of  recreation.  The  teacher, 
cooperating  with  the  librarian,  can  make  the 
pupil  feel  that  the  public  library  has  some- 
thing to  read  about  all  those  things  which 
really  interest  him.  In  this  way  the  "library 
habit"  may  be  formed,  which  will  hold  the 
pupil  after  his  school  days  are  over.  And 
the  high  school  and  the  library  which,  to- 
gether, have  not,  somehow,  contrived  to  de- 
velop the  library  habit,  the  reading  habit,  in 
these  boys  and  girls,  have  in  so  far  failed  to 
relate  their  education  to  life.  For,  to  quote 
Arnold  Bennett  again,  "He  who  has  not  been 
'presented  to  the  freedom'  of  literature  has 
not  awakened  up  out  of  his  prenatal  sleep. 
He  is  merely  not  born.  He  can't  see;  he 
can't  hear;  he  can't  feel,  in  any  full  sense. 
He  can  only  eat  his  dinner.  What  more  than 
anything  else  annoys  people  who  know  the 
true  function  of  literature,  and  have  profited 
thereby,  is  the  spectacle  of  so  many  thousands 
of  individuals  going  about  under  the  delusion 
that  they  are  alive,  when,  as  a  fact,  they  are 
no  nearer  being  alive  than  a  bear  .in  winter." 
And  I  suppose  if  there  is  anything  more  than 
another  that  schools  and  libraries  ought  to 
do,  it  is  to  help  add  to  the  total  sum  of 
aliveness. 

Having  recognized  the  importance  of  the 
work  motive  and  the  play  motive,  having 


April,  1913] 


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181 


roused  these  young  minds  to  self-conscious 
aliveness  as  individuals,  we  have  then  to 
waken  the  social  consciousness,  the  recog- 
nition of  their  relation  as  units  to  the 
whole  social  organism.  We  have  to  rouse 
the  social  service  motive,  we  have  to  train 
for  citizenship.  And  with  woman  suf- 
frage so  rapidly  becoming  a  thing  accom- 
plished, we  need  not  differentiate  as  to  sex, 
if,  indeed,  we  should  ever  have  done  so. 
It  is  these  boys  and  girls  whose  lives  for  a 
few  brief,  impressionable  years  touch  ours, 
who  will  make  and  administer  our  laws,  who 
will  form  and  act  upon  public  opinion,  and 
who  will  have  the  power  to  determine 
whether  or  not  their  city,  their  state,  their 
country  shall  be  good,  healthful  and  beautiful 
places  in  which  to  live. 

I  believe  the  first  step  in  training  for  citi- 
zenship is  to  induce  an  attitude  of  intelligent 
curiosity  toward  the  immediate  environment, 
and  the  next  to  furnish  a  not  too  difficult 
means  of  satisfying  that  curiosity.  You  will 
recall  the  particulars  of  Edwin  Clayhanger's 
finished  education,  summed  up  by  his  histo- 
rian— again  Mr.  Arnold  Bennett — on  the  day 
that  Edwin  left  school.  Geography,  for  ex- 
ample, had  been  one  of  Edwin's  strong  points. 
"He  was  aware  of  the  rivers  of  Asia  in  their 
order,  and  of  the  principal  products  of 
Uruguay.  .  .  .  He  could  have  drawn  a  map  of 
the  Orinoco  River,  but  he  could  not  have 
found  (his  native)  Trent  in  a  day's  march; 
he  did  not  even  know  where  his  drinking 
water  came  from."  You  remember  the  pic- 
ture of  Edwin,  hanging  over  the  canal  bridge 
on  his  way  home  from  the  last  day  in  school, 
watching  one  boat  bringing  clay,  and  another 
carrying  away  earthenware,  and  wondering 
suddenly  why,  if  the  clay  for  making  earthen- 
ware was  not  got  in  the  Five  Towns,  the  Five 
Towns  had  yet  become  the  great  seat  of 
the  manufacture.  Why  were  not  crocks  made 
in  the  south,  where  the  clay  came  from? 
Why  should  they  choose  just  this  place  to 
make  crocks  in  ?  He  could  think  of  no  an- 
swer to  this  enigma,  nor  had  his  finished 
education  given  him  any  clue. 

To  know  why  just  crocks  or  plows  or  fur- 
niture are  made  in  just  our  town  is  more 
important  than  it  first  sounds,  and  a  knowl- 
edge of  where  our  drinking  water  comes 
from  is  a  first  essential  to  good  citizenship. 

The  most  notable  example  of  coordination 


between  school  and  library  in  securing  a  prac- 
tical knowledge  of  their  own  environment  to 
the  school  children  of  a  city  is  in  operation 
in  Newark,  N  J.  The  book  recently  issued  by 
the  Board  of  Education,  called  "Newark 
Study,"  represents  probably  the  first  thorough 
and  systematic  course  of  study  of  a  city  car- 
ried on  in  its  own  schools.  The  Newark  li- 
brary was  the  founder  of  this  study  course  for 
Newark  children.  The  work  began  in  the 
search  for  local  material  to  lend  to  young 
visitors  to  the  children's  room.  So  little  was 
found  that  the  library  prevailed  upon  a  local 
writer  to  prepare  a  simple  history  of  the 
origin  and  development  of  the  city.  Later, 
short  accounts  were  compiled  of  streets,  parks, 
water-supply,  health,  fire  and  police  depart- 
ments, schools,  industries  and  many  other 
factors  and  aspects  of  the  city's  life.  Three 
Newark  study  stories  were  printed  by  the 
thousand,  distributed  to  the  teachers  and  lent 
to  the  children.  Now  the  Board  of  Education 
has  prepared  a  large  book  containing  a  com- 
plete index  and  manual  of  all  this  material, 
with  directions  for  the  formal  courses  of 
study  in  the  several  grades. 

The  book  is  divided  into:  Part  I — Geog- 
raphy, a  study  of  Newark  as  a  type  of  the 
industrial  and  commercial  city;  Part  2 — Civic 
hygiene  and  civics;  Part  3 — Biographical 
sketches  of  men  and  women  of  Newark,  and 
course  of  study  in  history.  The  very  com- 
plete and  comprehensive  index  was  prepared 
by  the  Library,  and  the  mass  of  clippings, 
pamphlets,  books  and  pictures,  to  which  it  has 
many  references,  are  gathered  there  for  use 
by  pupils  and  teachers.  The  library  and  the 
schools,  thus  working  together,  believe  that 
"a  generation  of  Newarkers  is  growing  up 
that  will  know  more  about  their  own  town 
than  any  citizens  ever  knew  before  about  the 
city  in  which  they  live.  They  are  justified 
in  believing  that  knowledge  will  bring  with 
it  faith,  and  that  the  Newark  of  ten  and 
twenty  years  from  now  will  be  a  city  with  a 
civic  spirit,  a  city  with  ideals,  a  city  that  ac- 
complishes things." 

We  cannot  all  do  things  upon  the  Newark 
scale,  perhaps,  but  we  can  all  do  something 
to  make  our  children  better  citizens  of  the 
future,  and  the  Newark  plan  may  give  us 
many  hints  toward  a  beginning. 

The  great  democratic  opportunity  for  train- 
ing in  citizenship  is  the  high  school  debate. 


182 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


For  teaching  pupils  to  think  for  themselves 
and  to  express  their  thoughts,  for  broadening 
their  mental  horizons  and  for  arousing  their 
interest  in  the  great  public  questions  they 
will  some  day  have  to  decide,  the  exercise 
of  debate  is  unequalled.  The  choice  of  sub- 
jects for  debate  is  largely  influenced  by  the 
teacher.  The  relative  merits  of  Napoleon  and 
Julius  Caesar  may  weir  be  neglected  for  such 
immediate  problems  as  (to  return  to  our 
drinking  water)  the  arguments  for  and 
against  municipal  water-works  for  the  town, 
or  the  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  a 
commission  form  of  government.  Down  in 
Memphis,  just  now,  the  boys  and  girls  of  pub- 
lic and  private  schools  are  debating  the  need 
of  a  new  constitution  for  Tennessee,  the  abol- 
ishment of  the  fee  system  for  state  and 
county  officials,  the  relation  between  crime 
and  illiteracy,  and  the  best  means  of  controll- 
ing the  flood  waters  of  the  Mississippi,  that 
mighty  trouble-maker.  We  cannot  doubt  that 
these  boys  and  girls  will  grow  into  the  sort 
of  citizens  who  get  things  done,  and  mark 
the  difference  between  a  progressive  and  an 
unprogressive  community. 

There  are  a  number  of  debate  handbooks 
which  not  only  the  public  library  but  even 
the  small  high  school  library  should  have 
upon  its  shelves  as  aids  in  choice  of  subjects 
and  in  method  of  treatment. 

It  is  the  part  of  the  public  library,  and  one 
of  its  most  important  duties,  to  have  ready 
f@r  use  by  debaters  and  students  not  only 
back  and  current  numbers  of  the  most  valu- 
able magazines  indexed  in  Poole's  index  and 
the  Readers'  guide,  but  also  ephemeral  leaflet 
and  pamphlet  matter  on  the  social  problems 
and  public  questions  of  the  day.  Much  of 
this  material  may  be  obtained  free  of  charge 
or  at  small  cost  from  the  United  States  gov- 
ernment and  from  various  organizations. 

Two  lists  may  be  mentioned  from  which 
the  addresses  ©f  such  organizations  may  be 
secured.  The  first  is  "Social  questions  of  to- 
day; selected  sources  of  information,  com- 
piled by  the  Free  Public  Library,  Newark, 
New  Jersey,"  obtainable  from  J.  A.  Lapp, 
State  Library,  Indianapolis,  for  10  cents.  The 
second,  "The  library  and  social  movements; 
a  list  of  material  obtainable  free  or  at  small 
expense,"  may  be  had  from  the  A.  L.  A.  Pub- 
lishing Board,  78  East  Washington  street, 


Chicago,  for  5  cents.  From  the  addresses  in 
these  two  lists,  a  splendid  collection  of  work- 
ing material  on  the  live  questions  of  the  day 
may  be  gathered  by  any  library  at  small  cost. 
The  high  school  student  who,  through  the  co- 
operation of  teacher  and  librarian,  has  been 
brought  to  consciousness  of  these  questions  as 
vital  subjects  for  study  and  debate  is  on  the 
way  to  become  an  intelligent  citizen  when  his 
school  days  are  over. 

In  this  brief  effort  to  cover  so  large  a 
theme,  I  have  perhaps  not  given  sufficient 
prominence  to  the  exact  method  and  tech- 
nique of  coordination  between  the  high  school 
and  the  public  library.  Yet  it  has  seemed  to 
me  most  important  that  we  should  first  rec- 
ognize just  what  we  are  designing  and  to- 
gether working  toward,  with  our  tools  of 
education,  in  the  shaping  of  human  lives.  If 
we  can  share  and  inspire  the  life  enthusiasms 
for  work,  for  play,  for  social  service,  with- 
out which  education  cannot  procure  the  high- 
est happiness  or  efficiency,  the  ways  and 
means  of  cooperation  will  shape  themselves. 
"Education  for  efficiency,"  says  President 
Eliot,  "must  not  be  materialistic,  prosaic  or 
utilitarian;  it  must  be  idealistic,  humane  and 
passionate,  or  it  will  not  win  its  goal." 

SOME    AIDS   IN    VOCATIONAL    GUIDANCE 

Bloomfield,  Meyer.  Vocational  guidance  of  youth. 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co..  ion.  60  c. 

Davis,  J.  B.  List  of  books  on  vocational  guidance 
used  by  English  Department  of  Central  High 
School,  Grand  Rapids,  Michigan,  for  themes  and 
essays.  (In  Grand  Rapids  Public  Library  Bulletin, 
October,  1911.) 

High  School  Teachers'  Association  of  N.  Y.  City. 
Choosing  a  career.  2  pamphlets.  Circular  of  in- 
formation for  boys.  10  c.  Circular  for  girls.  10  c. 
Other  pamphlets  on  vocational  guidance.  E.  W. 
Weaver,  25  Jefferson  ave.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Laselle,  M.  A.,  and  Wiley,  K.  E.  Vocations  for  girls. 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co.,  1913.  85  c. 

New  York  School  of  Philanthropy,  105  East  226.  St., 
N.  Y.  City.  Vocational  guidance.  (Library  Bul- 
letin, no.  2)  November,  1911. 

Parsons,  Frank.  Choosing  a  vocation.  Houghton 
Mifflin  Co.,  1909.  $i. 

U.  S.  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor.  Report 
on  vocational  guidance,  1910.  (From  25th  annual 
report  of  the  department)  10  c. 

Vocation  Bureau  of  Boston.  Vocations  for  beys. 
(Bulletins  on  various  occupations)  Vocation  Bureau, 
6  Beacon  St.,  Boston,  Mass.  15  c.  each  (except 
The  Department  Store,  50  c.;  Banking,  250.). 

Vocation  Office  for  Girls.  Boston.  Vocations  for  Bos- 
ton girls.  (Bulletins  on  various  occupations)  Girls 
Trades  Education  League,  6  Beacon  st.,  Boston, 
Mass.  10  c.  each. 

Women's  Educational  and  Industrial  Union,  Boston. 
Vocations  for  the  trained  woman;  opportunities 
other  than  teaching.  Longmans,  Green  &  Co.,  1910. 
$1.20. 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


DEBATERS'  AIDS 

Alden,   R.   M.     Art  of  debate.     1900.     $1.12. 

Askew,  J.  B.  Pros  and  co»s;  a  newspaper  reader's 
and  debater's  guide  to  the  leading  controversies  of 
the  day.  sth  ed.  E.  P.  Button  &  Co.,  1912.  60  c. 

*Brookings  and  Ringwalt.  Briefs  for  debate  on  cur- 
rent political,  economic  and  social  topics.  Long- 
mans, Green  &  Co.,  1896.  $1.25. 

Carnegie  Library  of  Pittsburgh.  Debate  index.  Car- 
negie Library,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  1911.  20  c. 

*  Craig,  A.  H.  Pros  and  cons;  complete  debates. 
Hinds,  Noble  &  Eldredge,  1897.  $1.50. 

Debaters'  Handbook  Series.  H.  W.  Wilson  Co., 
•IT.  Each  volume  is  devoted  to  one  topic;  as, 
uld  labor,  Direct  primaries,  Woman  suffrage,  etc. 
$i  each. 

Fester,  W.  T.  Argumentation  and  debating.  Hough  - 
ton  Mifflin  Co.,  1908.  $1.25. 

Gibson,  L.  M.  Handbook  for  literary  and  debating 
societies.  Hodder  &  Stoughton,  London,  1909. 


*Intercollegiate  debates,  2  v.  Hinds,  Noble  &  Eld- 
redge, 19*9-12.  $1.50  each. 

*Lyman,  R.  L.  Debating  societies;  organization  and 
procedure.  How  to  judge  a  debate.  Principles  of 
effective  debating.  3  pamphlets.  H.  W.  Wilson 
Co.  35  e.  for  the  three. 

Matson.  Henry.  References  for  literary  workers. 
A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.,  1893.  $2. 

Pattee,  G.  K.  Practical  argumentation.  Century  Co., 
1909.  $1.10. 

*Ringwalt,  R.  C.  Briefs  on  public  questions.  Long- 
mans, Green  &  Co.,  1905.  $1.20. 

*  Bobbins,  E.  C.  High  school  debate  book.  A.  C. 
McClurg  &  Co.,  ion.  $i. 

Rowton,  Frederick.  How  to  conduct  a  debate.  Dick 
&  Fitzgerald.  75  c. 

The  Speaker,  vols.  1-6.  Hinds,  Noble  &  Eldredge, 
1905-11.  $1.50  each. 

Thomas,  R.  W.     Manual  of  debate.     American  Book 
Co.,   1910.     80  c. 
*  Recommended   for  first  purchase. 


THE   DEVELOPMENT   OF    SECONDARY   SCHOOL  LIBRARIES 

BY  EDWARD  D.  GREENMAN,  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Education  Library,  Washington,  D.  C. 


RECENT  statistics  of  high  schools  throw 
some  interesting  light  upon  the  development 
of  the  high  school  libraries  in  this  country.* 
For  over  half  a  century  the  high  school  li- 
brary was  recognized  as  a  valuable  part  of 
the  school,  but  only  within  the  last  quarter 
century  has  it  become  a  fixed  and  necessary 
part  of  the  school  plant.  Found  to  be  essen- 
tial for  history  classes,  and  invaluable  in  the 
study  of  literature,  the  possession  of  a  col- 
lection of  books  by  the  school  has  often  been 
instrumental  in  broadening  and  changing  the 
course  of  study  in  these  subjects.  The  lack 
of  available  material  for  collateral  study  has 
frequently  been  a  serious  hindrance  to  •  the 
work  of  the  high  school  teacher,  and  even 
though  the  public  library  has  usually  eagerly 
expressed  its  desire  to  assist  the  teacher  and 
her  class,  the  presence  of  a  working  collec- 
tion of  books  within  easy  reach  of  the  stu- 
dent and  accessible  during  school  hours  gives 
a  true  library  atmosphere  to  the  school  and 
encourages  the  students  to  use  "their  own 
library."  It  has  proved  to  be  such  an  im- 
portant factor  in  the  school  work  that  at  the 
present  time  ninety  per  cent,  of  the  high 
schools  in  the  United  States  possess  a  col- 
lection of  books  for  the  special  use  of  their 
students  and  teachers. 

As  early  as  1740,  Benjamin  Franklin  recog- 
nized the  value  of  a  library  in  connection 

*  NOTE.  —  The  natural  limitations  of  an  article 
covering  such  a  broad  field  has  necessitated  the  omis- 
sion of  an  appreciation  of  the  work  of  many  of  the 
best  high  school  libraries  in  the  country.  The  object 
has  been  briefly  to  describe  representative  types. 


with  the  school  by  including  it  in  his  sug- 
gested plan  for  an  academy.  And  although 
many  schools  began  to  build  up  small  collec- 
tions of  books  early  in  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury, it  was  not  until  1838  that  the  first 
state  appropriation  for  school  libraries  served 
to  stimulate  the  general  development  of  these 
libraries  throughout  the  country.  Numerous 
states  immediately  followed  the  example  of 
New  York  state  and  encouraged  the  estab- 
lishment of  school  libraries  by  liberal  state 
aid.  A  great  majority  of  these  libraries  were 
located  in  high  schools  and  academies,  but  in- 
formation and  statistics  regarding  them  are 
very  meager.  In  1876,  the  special  report  of 
the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Education  on  "Public 
libraries  in  the  United  States  of  America" 
credited  826  schools  of  secondary  rank  with 
libraries  containing  nearly  one  million  vol- 
umes. This  report  stated  that  "these  col- 
lections have  been  multiplied  as  different 
kinds  of  schools  have  been  established,  until 
now  there  is  hardly  a  school  of  any  kind, 
seminary,  normal  school,  or  other  high  school, 
public  or  private,  without  a  library."  How- 
ever, until  1890,  statistics  of  these  school  li- 
braries were  of  the  most  fragmentary  nature, 
and  were  usually  included  among  the  statis- 
tics of  school  libraries  in  general. 

The  development  of  high  school  libraries 
first  received  serious  attention  about  1890,  at 
which  time  there  were  less  than  2500  public 
high  schools  in  this  country  housing  a  library. 
During  the  next  five  years,  under  the  influ- 
ence of  the  general  tendency  toward  library 


1 84 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


development,  the  number  of  high  school  li- 
braries was  increased  to  3921,  with  a  total 
of  nearly  two  million  volumes.  During  this 
period  appeared  the  famous  report  on  sec- 
ondary education,  by  the  committee  of  ten 
of  the  National  Education  Association.  This 
report  did  not  deal  specifically  with  high 
school  libraries,  but  the  history  section 
adopted  the  following  resolution:  "That  a 
collection  of  reference  books  as  large  as  the 
means  of  the  school  allow  should  be  provided 
for  every  school,  suitable  for  use  in  connec- 
tion with  all  the  historical  work  done  in  that 
school.  Every  school  board  which  is  willing 
to  buy  chemical  and  physical  apparatus  may 
be  brought  to  such  a  state  of  grace  that  it 
will  buy  reference  books."  The  report  also 
stated  that  out  of  150  high  schools  whose 
methods  were  examined,  only  fifty  had  a 
good  library  of  ordinary  reference  books,  and 
only  forty  a  general  library  of  historical  lit- 
erature. The  influence  and  effect  of  this 
report  upon  the  secondary  schools  of  this 
country  was  tremendous.  It  served  to  unify 
the  work  of  the  high  schools  in  nearly  all  the 
states,  and  greatly  encouraged  and  stimulated 
the  development  of  a  library  for  the  use  of 
certain  courses.  That  the  increase  in  the 
number  of  high  school  libraries  since  1900 
has  been  very  remarkable  is  shown  by  the 
accompanying  table.  But  it  is  often  as  little 
possible  to  judge  the  worth  of  a  library  from 
the  number  of  volumes  it  contains  as  it  would 
be  to  estimate  its  value  by  the  number  of 
pounds  it  weighs.  And  it  is  only  too  true 
that  most  of  the  secondary  school  libraries 
are  weighed  down  with  books  long  since  out 
of  date,  or  with  antiquated  text-books.  And 
so,  while  statistics  may  show  that  a  large 
per  cent,  of  our  public  high  schools  possess 
libraries,  most  of  them  are  small  collections 
of  reference  and  text-books,  poorly  quartered, 
unclassified,  and  neither  cataloged  nor  readily 
accessible  for  constant  use.  Of  the  ten  thou- 
sand public  high  school  libraries  in  the  coun- 
try at  the  present  time,  not  more  than  250 
possess  collections  containing  3000  volumes  or 
over.  As  a  good  working  high  school  library 
should  contain  at  least  from  three  to  five 
thousand  carefully  selected  books,  it  is  quite 
evident  that  there  is  still  a  very  broad  field 
for  development. 

The  compilation  of  the  statistics  given  be- 
low was  made  by  the  United  States  Bureau 


of  Education  and  entailed  an  immense 
amount  of  labor.  In  1890  there  were  956,832 
volumes  in  the  public  high  school  libraries 
and  961,268  volumes  in  the  private  school 
libraries.  As  these  statistics,  however,  did 
not  give  the  number  of  schools  reporting  li- 
braries, but  simply  the  number  of  volumes, 
the  year  1895  has  been  taken  as  a  statistical 
basis  to  show  the  result  of  the  growth  of 
these  libraries.  The  statistics  for  the  year 
1912  were  secured  by  a  questionnaire  sent  out 
to  14,675  public  schools  and  to  nearly  3000 
private  schools  and  academies  of  secondary 
grade.  To  those  schools  from  which  an  an- 
swer was  not  secured  within  three  months,  a 
second  and  even  a  third  request  was  sent  out. 
The  list  of  these  schools  was  compiled  from 
the  reports  of  state  superintendents  of  edu- 
cation, from  school  and  city  directories,  from 
denominational  year-books,  and  from  many 
other  sources.  The  returns,  therefore,  may 
be  said  to  be  as  complete  a  list  of  the  sec- 
ondary institutions  of  this  country  as  it  is 
possible  to  get  together.  Of  the  11,224  schools 
listed  as  of  secondary  grade,  10,329  reported 
libraries,  and  of  the  2300  private  schools,  1405 
possessed  libraries.  Every  effort  was  made  to 
secure  reliable  statistical  information,  and  in 
all  probability  these  statistics  are  as  accurate 
as  could  be  collected. 

An  investigation  into  the  number,  size  and 
importance  of  the  libraries  in  private  second- 
ary institutions  has  revealed  a  wealth  of  valu- 
able collections  little  realized  by  the  average 
librarian.  Up  to  the  time  of  the  Civil  War, 
secondary  education  was  secured  largely 
through  private  or  semi-private  academies 
and  seminaries.  Some  of  these  became  strong 
institutions,  but  gradually,  however,  gave 
place  to  the  modern  high  school  as  the  pre- 
dominating type  of  secondary  institution.  The 
academies  early  recognized  the  value  of  a 
school  library,  and  even  in  1890  the  number 
of  volumes  in  the  libraries  of  these  schools 
was  greater  than  the  number  in  public  high 
schools.  At  the  present  time  there  are  130 
of  these  schools  in  the  country  which  have 
libraries  of  five  thousand  volumes  or  over. 
Many  of  these  have  attractive  buildings  or 
well-arranged  and  commodious  quarters.  The 
libraries  are  well  managed,  and  are  frequent- 
ly under  the  supervision  of  a  trained  librarian. 
The  students  are  given  practical  training  in 
the  use  of  the  library,  in  cataloging,  classifi- 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


185 


STATISTICS  OF  SECONDARY  SCHOOL  LIBRARIES. 


STATE 

1895 

1900 

1912 

Public  high 
schools 

Private  high 
schools 

Public  high 
schools 

Private  high 
schools 

Public  high 
schools 

Private   high 
schools 

«*     <n 

U         V 

n 

Number 
of 
volumes 

Z    8 

•°^'C 
Bog 

1     £ 

Number 
of 
volumes 

Number 
of 
libraries 

Number 
of 
volumes 

Number 
of 
libraries 

Number 
of 
volumes 

IH       en 
v     .^ 

1°1 

Number 
of 
volumes 

Number 
of 
libraries 

Number 
of 
volumes 

UNITED  STATES 

North  Atlantic  Division. 
North  Central  Division.  . 
South  Atlantic  Division. 
South  Central  Division.. 

3,921 

974 
2,349 
153 
253 
192 

65 
3i 
43 
178 
12 
6l 

3*8 
65 
207 

425 
267 
297 
256 
179 
97 
305 
156 
20 
26 
170 
151 

8 
31 
4 
23 

'i 

19 

35 
13 

36 
38 

20 

33 

12 

88 
23 
3 

16 
4 

1 

2 

2 

•7 
io 

1,922,923 

680,040 
1,032,729 
53,978 
76,876 
79,300 

18,319 
7,354 
15,099 
78,408 
8,402 
38,277 
357,301 
44,044 
112,836 

167,834 
117,275 
114,985 
?64,342 
100,203 
79,358 
105,587 
70,928 
8,466 
5,692 
38,365 
59,694 

3.890 
6,119 
9,513 
3,990 
4,172 
6,227 
4,485 
7,814 
7,768 

14,432 
6,563 
8,540 
8,667 
5,852 
22,814 
8,608 
1,400 

6,339 
2,185 
22,523 
43° 
900 

OOO 

',915 
3,644 

7,881 
i,53i 
3i,352 

1,369 
488 

299 
209 
276 
97 

29 
23 

20 

1 

37 
*59 
45 
93 

36 
17 
50 

12 
21 

25 
31 
69 

4 

6 

10 

18 

2 

31 
10 
38 

9 
54 

21 

39 

5 

I* 

27 

45 

20 
40 
22 
9 

2 

7 

5 

0 

U 

0 

i 
ii 

12 

44 

1,594,605 

802,270 
349,329 
159,834 
201,448 
81,724 

31,047 
42,032 
21,405 
n6,375 
7,700 
48,456 
275,402 
74,293 
184,144 

55,103 
29,985 
69,518 
17.575 
34,822 
20,047 
31,292 
47,747 
1,602 
4,125 
13,995 
23,5i8 

1,700 
43,256 
18,700 
20,189 
6,300 
22,308 
16,140 

27,44i 
3,8oo 

41,287 
42,006 
19,300 
26,525 
19,990 
39,*98 
8,872 
4,070 

700 
300 
5,97° 
4,476 

13,652 

1,050 
3,550 
14,760 
37,266 

5,2H 

1,219 
*,993 
246 
437 
316 

84 
40 
50 
194 
15 

i 

316 

58i 
35i 
355 
281 
216 
124 
327 
224 
29 
68 
232 
205 

10 

37 
5 
29 

27 
16 
42 
61 
19 

3 

34 
57 
26 
163 
40 
i4 

21 

9 

44 
6 

2 

6 

12 
67 

30 

112 

3,044,585 

990,657 
1,602,734 

"5,749 
168,376 
167,069 

18,130 
11,707 
18,916 
H2,954 
10,783 
54,826 
519,999 
66,217 
177,125 

240,180 
178,763 
176,233 
271,843 
159,485 
123,740 
145,704 
114,123 
12,807 
20,005 
64,579 
95,272 

i,i75 
21,492 
11,422 
9,396 
15,289 
11,097 
15,025 
27,743 
3,no 

•  2,961 
12,116 
28,952 
19,998 
i3,9i3 
52,118 
i3>015 
5,303 

I2,IOI 
4,234 
43,550 
1,985 

1.920 

3,449 
4,100 
17,844 
10,629 
66,397 

i,34a 

485 
285 
229 
245 
98 

24 

28 
16 
65 
7 
44 
*59 
46 
96 

33 

21 

47 
i3 
19 
23 

K 

2 

6 

*4 
ii 

2 

s8 
ii 
So 
ii 

54 
xg 
1 

59 

3 

28 

22 

45 

17 

7 

2 
I 

5 
4 
i 
IT 

0 

3 
T3 

12 

46 

1,813,443 

883,078 
409-915 
216,480 
186,752 
117,218 

30,263 
53,690 
20,630 
130,895 
6,650 
63,470 
337,io8 
63,691 
176,681 

63,500 
37,945 
7i,375 
3-5  239 
46,500 
28,350 
35,670 
37,992 
95o 
7,244 
13,500 
11,650 

2,850 
49,081 
13,850 
40,123 
i5,38o 
46,781 
15,405 
28,294 
4,716 

36,048 
41,923 
11,768 
16,888 
20,299 
44,956 
11,585 
3,285 

3,200 

500 

3,000 

3,850 

2OO 
16,943 

2'42° 
8,082 

10,198 
67,845 

10,329 
2,083 

4,945 
1,089 
1,386 
826 

'g 

,?8 

21 

61 

639 
139 
742 

800 

610 

Si 

308 
244 
565 
407 
136 
140 

337 
379 

IS 
79 
7 
273 
85 
197 
146 
217 
70 

*37 
133 

125 

139 
H4 

445 
"3 
1  80 

49 
17 

107 
26 
14 
28 

16 

,g 

104 
219 

6,185,937 
1,621,107 
3,010,506 
380,327 

5io,597 
663,400 

35,ioi 
17,338 
2i,95i 
122,807 
18,695 
56,942 
885,941 
103,299 
359^043 

435,979 
294,056 
371,795 
292,039 
304,622 

306,993 
278,120 
229,183 
97,612 
93,682 
i'5,255 
191,168 

3,598 
43,897 
18,849 
77,894 
50,041 
55,98o 
38,532 
73,843 
17,693 

55,659 
39,?4i 
44,28o 
5i,937 
43.527 
151,017 
33,568 
91,068 

38,643 
11,404 
97,017 
14,161 
io,495 
11,052 
10,046 
40,594 
127,862 
59,395 
242,731 

1,405 

470 
322 

235 
257 

X2I 

31 
21 

13 
71 
II 

£ 

35 
74 

30 

21 

59 
23 
29 

11 

35 

10 

6 

11 

•J 

29 
15 
48 

10 

55 
ii 
So 
M 

49 
60 

37 

18 
15 

62 
18 
8 

5 
i 
6 
4 
4 
1  8 
o 
7 

22 
13 

41 

2,342,880 

1,064,302 
534,979 
301,408 
250,205 
191,986 

42,233 
66,005 
21,900 
208,638 
30,990 
61,250 
371,850 
67,177 
194,259 

71,801 
41,461 
103,744 
36,332 
62,023 
56,273 
33,795 
61,235 
8,9*8 
8,335 
29,600 
21,450 

3,6oo 
86,769 
21,630 
42,967 
22,795 
56,045 
13,812 
41,775 
12,015 

50,539 
48,566 
37,590 
13,932 
22,090 
52,912 
16,005 
8,571 

2,994 

200 
9>"5 

6,973 
3,740 
43,267 

7,029 
17,090 
22,533 
79,035 

North  Atlantic  Division 
Maine           

Vermont  

Rhode  Island.  ...        .... 

Connecticut  

New  York        

Pennsylvania  

North  Central  Division 
Ohio  

Illinois        

Wisconsin  

Iowa  

North  Dakota  

South  Dakota 

Nebraska  

Kansas 

South  Atlantic  Division 
Delaware  

Maryland  

District  of  Columbia  
Virginia  
West  Virginia.  .. 

North  Carolina  
South  Carolina        .  .. 

Florida  

South  Central  Division 
Kentucky  ... 

Alabama     

Louisiana        

Texas     .                          . 

Arkansas  

*Oklahoma 

Western  Division 

Colorado  
New  Mexico  . 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Oregon         ...         

*  Statistics  for  Oklahoma  include  what  was  formerly  Indian    Territory. 


i86 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


cation  and  in  the  value  o.f  reference  books. 
These  libraries  are  so  little  known  that  I 
shall  briefly  describe  a  few  of  the  larger  ones : 

The  Friends'  School  Library,  of  German- 
town,  Pa.,  has  a  remarkable  collection  of 
27,000  volumes,  which  is  housed  in  a  special 
building  and  is  circulated  to  the  general  pub- 
lic as  well  as  to  the  students. 

The  Jesuit  High  School,  of  New  Orleans, 
possesses  a  library  of  20,000  volumes,  which 
formerly  belonged  to  its  collegiate  department 
and  which  contains  a  great  many  works  of 
special  interest  to  this  sect. 

The  National  Park  Seminary,  Forest  Glen, 
Md.,  has  a  very  attractive  library  building, 
with  a  library  of  about  20,000  volumes.  This 
collection  contains  many  old  prints,  pamph- 
lets, rare  volumes,  literary  curios,  besides  a 
splendid  working  collection  on  literature.  The 
library  belongs  to  the  noted  bibliophile,  De- 
witt  Miller,  but  is  used  entirely  by  the  stu- 
dents. In  this  building  a  course  in  library 
science  is  offered,  instruction  being  given  in 
the  use  of  the  library,  the  value  of  reference 
books,  and  in  classification  and  cataloging. 
But  better  than  this,  they  endeavor  to  instill 
into  the  minds  of  the  students  the  love  of 
books,  the  pleasures  of  collecting  them  and 
their  value  as  lifelong  friends. 

St.  Paul's  School,  Concord,  N.  H.,  has  an 
excellent  library  of  19,000  volumes,  with  at- 
tractive accommodations  for  the  use  of  the 
library  by  the  students. 

The  Tome  School,  Port  Deposit,  Md.,  has 
a  collection  of  14,000  volumes,  with  a  well- 
equipped  room,  accommodating  two  hundred 
readers.  The  library  is  open  ten  hours  every 
week-day  and  three  hours  on  Sundays.  It  is 
in  charge  of  a  trained  librarian,  who  guides 
the  students  in  general  reading  as  well  as  in 
reference  work.  The  library  has  eighty-five 
magazines,  covering  every  branch  of  the 
school  work. 

The  Peck  Library,  connected  with  the  Nor- 
wich, Conn.,  Free  Academy,  was  established 
in  1859,  and  contains  many  rare  and  valuable 
books,  besides  an  admirable  working  library 
of  15,000  volumes.  The  departments  of  art, 
education,  literature  and  history  are  especially 
well  equipped.  The  library  is  open  week-days 
all  the  year,  and  is  also  available  for  public 
use.  A  course  in  library  science  is  given  to 
the  students. 

The  Gilbert  School,  Winsted,  Conn.,  has  a 
library  of  9000  well-selected  volumes,  with 
yearly  acquisitions  of  about  five  hundred  vol- 
umes. The  library  is  open  on  school  days 
from  8.30  to  1.30  p.m.,  and  on  Wednesdays 
and  Saturdays  from  2  to  9  p.m.  The  public 
is  encouraged  to  use  the  library.  Assistance 
is  given  to  reading,  study  and  debating  clubs. 


Reference  lists  are  prepared  by  the  librarian 
for  the  teacher,  and  students  are  given  in- 
struction in  the  use  of  reference  books. 

The  Philips  Exeter  Academy,  Exeter,  N.  H., 
has  a  magnificent  new  library  building,  cost- 
ing about  $76,000,  located  ,  on  the  school 
grounds,  directly  opposite  the  public  library. 
This  library  contains  about  9000  volumes,  in- 
cluding the  Edwin  Fay  Rice  collection  of 
books,  engravings,  autographs,  etc.  The  pub- 
lic library  across  the  street  contains  about 
17,000  volumes. 

One  of  the  inevitable  results  of  the  devel- 
opment of  the  high  school  library  has  been 
to  produce  several  distinct  types  representa- 
tive of  the  various  ideas  regarding  the  best 
form  of  organization  under  which  such  li- 
braries should  be  established: 

(i)  The  high  school  library  maintained 
strictly  as  a  piece  of  school  apparatus  for  the 
use  of  the  students  and  teachers  alone.  These 
libraries  are  housed  in  the  school  building, 
under  the  supervision  of  a  teacher,  or  in 
many  cases,  moie  ideal,  under  a  nained  li- 
brarian. The  library  is  supported  from  the 
school  funds  administered  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  board  of  education.  Many  of 
these  libraries,  oiganized  before  the  public 
library  became  prominent,  have  for  years  re- 
ceived financial  aid  from  the  state,  and,  as  a 
result,  possess  laige  and  very  valuable  col- 
lections of  books.  The  high  school  libraries 
of  Spokane,  Detroit  and  Washington,  D.  C, 
are  excellent  examples  of  this  type.  The 
library  of  the  Central  High  School,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.,  was  organized  in  1882,  and 
has  gradually  developed  until  it  now  con- 
tains about  7000  volumes,  selected  with 
special  reference  to  the  work  of  the  school. 
It  is  used  exclusively  by  the  students  for 
class  work,  reference  or  general  reading, 
and  is  open  only  during  school  hours.  It  is 
in  charge  of  a  trained  librarian,  who  gives 
illustrated  board  talks  to  first-year  students 
on  the  use  of  reference  books,  concordances, 
atlases,  indexes,  etc.  Written  test  examina- 
tions are  given  on  this  work,  and  the  stu- 
dents receive  credit  for  it  in  their  English 
course.  An  elective  course  in  library  economy 
is  also  conducted  by  the  librarian,  instruction 
being  given  in  cataloging,  classification,  shelf- 
listing,  etc.  The  object  of  this  course  is 
largely  vocational,  the  purpose  being  to  give 
the  students  some  idea  of  what  library  work 
as  a  profession  would  be  like.  Twenty-five 


.April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


I87 


students  who  have  taken  this  course  have  en- 
tered library  work. 

(2)  A  second  type  of  school  libraries  sup- 
plying high  schools,  adopted  especially  by  the 
larger    cities,    is    the    public    school    library. 
These  libraries  are  of  considerable  size,  are 
frequently  housed  in  the  high   school   or   in 
an  annex  to  the  high  school,  and  are  organ- 
ized for  the  purpose  of   supplying  books  to 
all  the   schools  in  the  city.     The  central  li- 
brary is  under  the  supervision  of  a  trained 
librarian;  branch  libraries  are  established  in 
each  of  the  public  schools,  and  in  many  in- 
stances    classroom     libraries     are     provided. 
The   Columbus,    Ohio,   public   school   library, 
founded  in   1847,  now  numbers  about  80,000 
volumes.     It    is    located    in   a    special   build- 
ing,   has    a    staff   of   trained    assistants,    and 
supplies   books   to   49   elementary   schools,   6 
high  schools  and  one  normal  school,  besides 
occasionally    lending   to    the    general    public. 
The  report  of  the  librarian  states  that:   "It 
will  thus  be  seen  that  the  public  school  library 
is  a  large  educational  library  that  renders  a 
similar  service  to  the  school  that  the  college 
or  university  library  performs  for  such  insti- 
tutions, and  its  work  differs  very  little  from 
that  of  the  public  library."     The  high  school 
library  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  founded  in  1868,  with 
the  beginning  of  the  high  school,  was  formed 
by  a  consolidation  of  all  the  district  school 
libraries  of  the  city.     This  library  was  used 
for  many  years  as  a  public  library.     Then  it 
became   exclusively  for  the  use  of  the  high 
school  students.    But  since  1902  it  has  become 
a   general   school  library.     The   main   collec- 
tion of  about  30,000  volumes  is  located  in  the 
high   school  building,  and  in  every  school  a 
good    reference   collection    is   being  built   up 
suited  to  the  particular  needs  of  that  school. 
This  includes  the  Training  School  for  Teach- 
ers, the  Truant  School,  the  Vocational  School 
and  the  Open-air  School. 

(3)  A   third   type   of   high   school   library 
extensively  adopted  in  many  sections  of  the 
country  is  a  branch  of  the  public  library,  lo- 
cated in  the  high  school  building,  or  merely 
a  collection  of  books  loaned  to  the  school  by 
the   public   library    for   a   definite   period   of 
time.     Books  are  loaned  to  meet  the  current 
demands   of   the  teachers  and   students,   and 
are  changed  as  often  as  the  demand  necessi- 
tates.   The  school  furnishes  room,  heat,  light, 
janitorial    services,   and   some   general   refer- 


ence books,  the  public  library  supplying  the 
books  for  general  circulation  or  special  use. 
In  some  cases  the  public  library  supplies  an 
assistant  to  look  after  the  library;  in  others, 
the  school  delegates  a  teacher  for  that  ser- 
vice. This  close  cooperation  between  the 
school  and  the  library  has  found  favor  among 
librarians,  since  it  makes  the  public  library 
the  controlling  influence  in  the  dispensation 
of  literature,  obviates  the  too  frequent  con- 
flict between  the  work  of  the  school  and 
the  work  of  the  library,  and  concentrates 
all  library  administration  in  the  hands  of 
the  public  library.  In  Cleveland,  Newark, 
Passaic  and  Portland,  Oregon,  and  Buffalo, 
the  high  school  library  is  simply  a  branch 
of  the  public  library.  In  Elmira,  the  high 
school  library  and  the  public  library  co- 
operate. In  Utica,  the  public  library  main- 
tains a  special  room  for  the  high  school  stu- 
dents. Another  interesting  example  of  this 
type  is  found  in  Madison,  Wisconsin,  where 
cooperation  between  the  public  library  and 
the  public  schools  has  recently  resulted  in 
the  opening  of  a  branch  library  in  the  high 
school.  Here  are  brought  together  the  high 
school  reference  books  and  the  school  refer- 
ence books  belonging  to  the  public  library. 
The  library  is  in  charge  of  a  competent  libra- 
rian. Books  are  purchased  through  the  li- 
brary board  or  secured  by  loan  from  the  pub- 
lic library.  For  the  support  of  this  branch, 
the  city  council  appropriates  money  to  the 
library  board  instead  of  to  the  board  of  edu- 
cation. The  superintendent  of  education,  in 
his  report  for  1912,  says :  "This  arrangement 
has  proved  satisfactory  to  both  school  and 
library,  and  is  economical  to  the  city  in  the 
way  of  management.  In  the  adoption  of  this 
plan,  the  library  has  entered  upon  a  new  field, 
has  enlarged  the  scope  of  its  work  and  dem- 
onstrated to  the  librarians  of  the  country  the 
possibilities  for  more  efficient  and  more  ad- 
vanced assistance  along  the  lines  of  public 
school  work." 

(4)  A  fourth  type  of  high  school  library 
quite  common  in  the  smaller  towns  through- 
out the  country  is  the  combination  school  and 
public  library.  Many  towns,  unable  to  sup- 
port a  public  library,  utilize  the  high  school 
library  for  that  purpose.  The  library  is  usu- 
ally located  in  the  school  building,  under  the 
supervision  of  a  teacher.  During  school 
hours  the  library  may  be  used  for  reference 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


purposes  by  the  student,  and  after  school  the 
library  is  kept  open  for  the  purpose  of  sup- 
plying books  to  the  general  public.  One  of 
the  largest  of  this  type  of  high  school  library 
is  located  at  Troy,  Ohio.  With  a  population 
of  only  8000  inhabitants,  the  town  maintains 
a  school  library  containing  13,000  volumes. 
This  library  was  founded  in  1898,  and  since 
that  time  has  been  used  by  the  public  as  well 
as  by  the  students.  Canandaigua,  N.  Y.,  has 
a  combination  school  and  public  library  which 
is  open  from  9  a.m.  to  4  p.m.  on  school  days, 
and  from  9  a.m.  to  10  p.m.  three  days  a  week 
during  vacations. 

That  the  importance  and  value  of  the  high 
school  library  has  become  fully  recognized  is 
evidenced  by  its  recent  growth  and  develop- 
ment. In  every  high  school  building  there 
should  be  a  room  set  apart  for  the  library, 
containing  at  least  a  good  collection  of  refer- 
ence books  and  as  many  others  as  the  school 
can  afford.  Whether  these  are  obtained  from 
the  public  library  or  are  purchased  by  the 
school  depends  upon  local  conditions.  But 
where  the  public  library  is  able  and  willing 
to  assist  the  school,  it  is  undoubtedly  the  best 
plan  to  have  a  very  close  cooperation  between 
the  two.  This  obviates  the  necessity  for 
large  collections  in  the  school.  But  where 
the  school  has  collected  a  library  of  working 
size,  instruction  in  its  use  will  be  a  necessity, 
and  such  training  should  become  a  part  of 
the  school  work.  And  while  the  high  school 
library  is  now  used  primarily  for  reference 
and  class  work,  its  wider  use  could  be  made 
to  include  instruction  in  its  value  as  an  in- 
strument of  education  and  in  the  guidance  of 
students  reading  along  lines  of  special  ten- 
dencies and  vocational  adaptabilities.  There 
are  so  many  interesting  phases  of  the  high 
school  library  problem,  which  it  is  impossible 
to  discuss  adequately  in  this  article;  that  a 
selected  list  of  titles  is  added  for  those  who 
may  wish  to  investigate  the  subject  more 
thoroughly. 

HIGH  SCHOOL  LIBRARIES 

Abbot,    A.      Reading    of    high    school   pupils.      School 
Review,    10:   585-600,   October,    1902. 
Gives    the    results    of   a    test   selection    of    178   best 

books  submitted  to  about  2500  high  school  pupils  for 

a  vote   as   to  their  popularity. 

Aley,   Robert  J.     Books   and  high  school   pupils.      In 
National  Education  Association  Journal  of  Proceed- 
ings and  Addresses,   1909,  p.   844-48. 
The   author   points   out   the  value   of   books   to   the 

high    school    students,    and    states    that:    "No    really 

good  high   school  is   possible   without   at   least   a   fair 

library    equipment." 


Ashmun,    M.      Library    reading    in    the    high    school. 
School   Review,    17:618-22,    701-704,   November,   De- 
cember,   1902. 

"Gives  practical  suggestions  as  to  how  to  conduct 
library  reading  classes  in  the  high  school,  the  amount 
of  reading  required,  and  the  kind  of  books  selected." 

Bcynton,  P.  H.  Suggestions  for  the  English  litera- 
ture section  of  a  high-school  -library.  School  Re- 
view, 25:111-16,  February,  1912. 

Coult,  Margaret.  How  can  we  best  direct  the  read- 
ing of  high  school  pupils.  New  York  Libraries t 
3o2-55»  January,  1912. 

The  author  suggests  various  ways  in  which  the 
teacher  could  stimulate  an  interest  in  books  and 
guide  the  high  school  students  in  their  reading. 

Dracass,  Carrie  E.  Tucker.  The  growth  of  the  high 
school  library  in  Chicago.  Educational  Bi-monthly, 
7:153-56,  December,  1912. 

Fagge,  Ethelwyn  H.  High-school  libraries.  In  Na- 
tional Education  Association.  Journal  of  Proceed- 
ings and  Addresses,  1911,  p.  1019-25. 

Finney,    B.    A.      High   school    instruction   in   the   use 
of     reference     books.       Public     Libraries,     4'315-I7» 
July,    1899. 
Advocates  instruction  in  the  use  of  the  library  and 

gives   an    outline   course. 

Forbes,  George  F.  The  place  of  the  library  in  the 
high  school.  New  York  Libraries,  3:170-74,  No- 
vember, 1912. 

Gaillard,  E.  W.  Difficulty  of  the  high-school  library. 
School  Review,  15:245-50,  April,  1907. 

Hall,   Mary   E.     What  the  librarian  may  do   for  the 
high    school.      LIBRARY    JOURNAL,    34  :i 54-59.    April, 
1909. 
"Suggests   ways  in   which   the  school  librarian  may 

help   the   teachers,    interest  the   pupils    and    make   the 

library   an   effective   department." 

The   possibilities   of  the  high   school   library.      In 

American    Library    Association.       Papers    and    pro- 
ceedings,  1912,  p.  260-66. 

Haney,  John  D.  How  shall  the  public  libraries  help 
the  high  school?  Public  Libraries,  7:224-7,  June, 
1902. 

"Advocates  branch  libraries  in  high  schools  super- 
intended by  trained  librarians." 

The    high    school    library    problem.      School    Review, 
14:762-3,    December,    1906. 
"There    is    no    problem    relating    to    the    equipment 

of   the   high   school  which   is  more   pressing  than   that 

of   the    library." 

Holland.  E.  O.  The  library  as  an  adjunct  to  the 
secondary  school.  In  National  Education  Associa- 
tion. Journal  of  Proceedings  and  Addresses,  1903, 
p.  961-66. 

Hopkins,  Florence  M.     Methods  of  instruction  in  the 
use  of  the  high  school  libraries.     In  National   Edu- 
cation Association,    journal  of  Proceedings  and  Ad- 
dresses,   1905,    p.    858-64. 
Describes    the    work    of    the    Detroit    Central    High 

School  in-  giving  instruction  in  the  use  of  the  library. 

The   place    of   the   library   in   high   school   educa- 
tion.     LIBRARY   JOURNAL,   35:55-60,    February,    1910. 
"Points    out    the    great    lack    and    greater    need    of 
systematic   instruction   in   the   use   of    reference   books 
and    reference    guides.      Outlines   briefly    a   course   of 
eight  simple  lessons." 

Jones,  Thomas  L.  What  the  public  library  can  do 
for  the  high  school.  Public  Libraries,  17:274-76, 
July,  1912. 

An  address  before  the  Wisconsin  Library  Associa- 
tion, Feb.  22,  1912,  in  which  the  author  gives  a 
practical  illustration  of  how  the  public  library  should 
assist  the  high  school. 

Koch,    C     D.      Equipment    for    a    small    high    school 
with     a     reference    library.       Pennsylvania     School 
Journal,    57:97-99,    September,    1908^ 
Suggestions   regarding  the   necessary   reference   ma- 
terial for  a  high  school  library  by  the  state  inspector 
of  high  schools  for  Pennsylvania. 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


189 


Koch,    Theodore    W.      The    high    school    library.      In 
Johnston.    Charles    H.,    ed.,   High   school   education. 
New  York,   C.   Scribner's  Sons,   1912.     p.  460-70. 
An  excellent  treatment  of  the  problems  of  the  high 
school    library,    with    special    emphasis    upon    the    im- 
portance of  instruction  in  the  use  of  the  library. 
McAndrew,    William.      The   high-school   librarian.      In 
National    Education    Association.      Journal    of   Pro- 
ceedings   and    Addresses,    1910,    p.    994-98. 
Shows    the    place    and    importance    of    high    school 
librarians  in  the  work  of  the  high  school. 
Mendenhall,    Ida    M.      Training    of    high    school    stu- 
dents in  the  use  of  the  library.     New   York  Libra- 
ries,   3:138-40,   July,    1912. 

National  Education  Association.  Committee  on  High 
School  Libraries.  Report  .  .  .  July,  1912.  In  its 
Journal  of  Proceedings  and  Addresses,  1912.  p. 
1273-81. 

Gives  the  results  of  an  investigation  into  the  con- 
ditions existing  in  city  high  schools,  with  suggestions 
regarding  the  possibilities  of  aid  for  high  school  libra- 
ries from  outside  sources. 

New  York  Library  Association.  Committee  on  high 
school  libraries.  Report  on  the  high  school  libra- 
ries of  New  York  state.  New  York  Libraries, 
2:57-61,  January,  1910. 

"Suggestions    to    remedy    the    lack    of    cooperation 
between  the  public  library  and  school  libraries." 
Parlin,     C.     C.       A    successful     high    school    library. 
School    Review,    15:251-4,    April,    1907. 
A  description   of  the  library  at  VVausau,  Wisconsin. 
Ryan,    Johanna    V.      Library   conditions    in    American 
cities.      Educational    Bi-monthly,    7:157-72,    Decem- 
ber,   1912. 

A  paper  read  before  the  English  section  of  the 
Chicago  High  and  Normal  School  Association,  May 
n,  1912.  This  paper  is  a  report  of  a  committee 
appointed  to  investigate  xhe  conditions  in  high  school 


libraries  throughout  the  country.  It  is  a  valuable 
and  exhaustive  compilation  of  the  work  which  the 
high  schools  in  various  sections  of  the  country  are 
doing. 

Sharp,  K.  L.  Libraries  in  secondary  schools.  LI- 
BRARY JOURNAL,  20:C5-II,  1895. 

Presents   an  interesting  statement   regarding  library 
conditions   in   the   schools   in   different   states. 

Show,  Arley  B.  History  reference  library  for  high 
schools.  History  Teacher's  Magazine,  3:79-81, 
April,  1912. 

Tanner,  George  W.  The  library  situation  in  Chicago 
high  schools.  Educational  Bi-monthly,  7:9-15,  Oc- 
tober, 1912. 

Walter.  Frank  K.  Teaching  library  use  in  normal 
and  high  schools.  In  American  Library  Associa- 
tion. Papers  and  proceedings.  1912,  p.  255-60. 

Ward,     Gilbert    O.       Elementary     library    instruction. 
Public  Libraries,    17:260-62,   July,    1912. 
Reviews   the    reasons   for    giving    library    instruction 

in    the    grades    and    the    high    schools,    together    with 

suggestions  regarding  methods,  subjects,  and  the  part 

of   the   public   library   in   this  work. 

The    high   school    library.      In    New    York    State 

Teachers'   Association   Proceedings,    1910,  p.   304-10- 

Wilson,  Louis  R.  The  high  schpol  library.  In  North 
Carolina  High  School  Bulletin,  1:176-83,  October, 
1910. 

Wisconsin.  Department  of  Education.  List  of  books 
for  high  school  libraries  in  the  state  of  Wisconsin, 
1911.  Issued  by  C.  P.  Gary,  state  superintendent. 
Madison,  Democrat  Printing  Company,  state  printer, 
1911.  48  p.  8°. 

Wright,    R.   H.     How   to   make  the  library   useful   to 
high    school    students.     Public   Libraries,    10:460-62, 
November,    1905. 
"An  excellent  article  on  the   use  of  the  library  as 

a   necessary   department  in   the   high   school." 


TRAINING  IN  THE  USE  OF  BOOKS 

BY  IDA  M.  MENDENHALL,  Chairman  of  Committee  on  Normal  School  Libraries,  N.  E.  A. 


A  STORY  from  the  Dial,  that  tells  of  the 
woes  caused  by  the  "amazingly  prolific"  author 
"Ibid,"  shall  introduce  my  subject.  A  corre- 
spondent, after  "much  bewilderment  and  fruit- 
less searching  of  biographical  dictionaries  and 
histories  of  literature,"  appeals  to  the  readers 
of  the  Dial  for  information:  "She  says  in  her 
letter:  'Someone  told  me  one  day,  with  a 
quizzical  look  which  I  could  not  understand, 
that  "Ibid"  was  a  half-brother  to  the  "Vide" 
sisters — Vide  Supra  and  Vide  Infra;  but  that 
didn't  help  me  much,  since  these  same  Misses 
Vide  have  caused  me  hardly  less  perplexity 
than  has  Ibid  himself.  But  why  don't  the 
reference  books  tell  us  something  about  him? 
Can  you  tell  me  whether  there  is  any  uniform 
and  not  too  expensive  edition  of  his  works, 
and,  if  so,  by  whom  it  is  published?"  Pending 
more  definite  information,  our  correspondent 
will  perhaps  be  glad  to  learn  that  she  has 
companions  in  her  perplexity.  Not  long  ago 
a  student  from  Columbia  came  into  the  New 
York  Public  Library  for  help  on  a  list  of 
references  in  history  which  he  was  to  read 
before  writing  a  thesis.  He  said:  "I  have 


found  most  of  the  books  in  the  Columbia 
library,  but  there  is  one  author  I  can't  find 
anywhere,  and  I  have  spent  a  good  deal  of 
time  looking.  He  has  a  strange  name,  and  I 
have  never  heard  of  him  as  a  historian,  but  he 
has  written  a  good  many  of  the  books  on 
my  list;  his  name  is  Ibid." 

These  inquirers  are  only  two  from  the  great 
multitude  of  persons  untrained  in  the  use  of 
books.  The  college  student  who  inquired  tim- 
idly for  "Fool's  dictionary,"  the  tool  known 
to  librarians  as  Poole's  index,  and  the  normal 
school  professor  who  sent  his  entire  class  to 
the  newly  finished  card  catalog  to  find  the 
difference  in  size  between  the  eggs  of  the 
ostrich  and  humming  bird  belong  to  the  same 
class  of  untrained  library  users.  To  most 
persons,  a  library  book  is,  in  the  words  of 
Mr.  Dooley,  "a  body  of  literature  surrounded 
by  catalog  cards,"  and  the  process  by  which 
one  finds  the  book  and  examines  it  is  a  for- 
midable one.  For  twenty-five  years  and  more, 
bibliographic  knowledge  has  been  confined  to 
the  workers  in  libraries  and  the  students  of 
library  schools.  A  small  handful  of  persons, 


190 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


comparatively  speaking,  are  on  the  inside  of 
the  library  profession,  while  multitudes  are 
on  the  outside.  When  it  requires  a  year  of 
study  in  a  library  school  to  learn  how  to  cat- 
alog a  book,  is  it  surprising  that  the  outsider, 
unaccustomed  to  using  bibliographies  and  in- 
dexes, is  perplexed  by  the  card  catalog,  or  is 
unable  to  find  a  book  number  on  the  shelves? 
It  is  almost  impossible,  after  being  in  library 
work  for  a  few  years,  to  put  oneself  in  the 
place  of  the  person  who  knows  nothing  about 
library  tools,  but  must  use  the  library  as  his 
workshop.  Even  the  schools,  until  recent 
years,  have  given  no  bibliographic  training, 
and  yet  the  library  is  the  working  laboratory 
of  the  school.  Until  the  great  multitude  out- 
side of  the  profession  are  taught  to  use  the 
modern  library  intelligently,  library  work  will 
defeat  its  own  ends. 

The  burden  of  this  short  paper  is  to  show 
how  library  knowledge  may  become  generally 
popular  by  means  of  the  schools — elementary, 
high  school,  college  and  normal  school. 

THE  ELEMENTARY  SCHOOL 

The  place  to  begin  a  training  in  the  use  of 
books  is  the  graded  school.  Children  learn 
quickly,  and  are  enthusiastic  over  library  les- 
sons. I  remember  one  child  who  went  to  her 
teacher  in  great  distress  because  a  holiday 
came  on  Monday,  the  regular  day  for  the  li- 
brary period,  and  said  that  she  would  rather 
lose  the  vacation  than  her  library  lesson.  An- 
other reason  for  giving  library  lessons  in  the 
grades  is  that  a  large  per  cent,  of  the  pupils 
in  the  grades  do  not  go  on  to  high  school. 
Unless  they  are  systematically  told  something 
in  the  graded  school  about  the  use  of  libra- 
ries, the  chances  are  that  they  will  go  through 
life  without  such  knowledge.  There  is  not 
time  in  this  paper  fully  to  outline  library  les- 
sons for  the  grades,  or  to  suggest  ways  of 
giving  such  lessons.  The  first  three  grades 
should  at  least  have  talks  on  how  to  open  a 
new  book  and  how  4to  handle  books.  Little 
children  listen  with  wide-open  eyes  to  such 
talks,  and  do  not  forget  them.  Children  of 
the  fourth  grade  are  not  too  young  to  learn 
the  arrangement  and  use  of  the  dictionary, 
though  the  use  of  the  appendices  may  wait 
for  a  later  grade.  Fifth  and  sixth-grade  chil- 
dren can  easly  understand  some  of  the  in- 
formation of  the  title  page  and  the  use  of 


the  index  and  table  of  contents,  and  seventh 
and  eighth-grade  children  cannot  do  their 
regular  work  successfully  without  knowing 
something  about  the  card  catalog,  common 
cyclopedias,  and  the  periodical  indexes. 

Most  of  these  lessons  in  the  grades  may  be 
given  very  informally  as  a  part  of  regular 
recitation  work  in  English  or  history,  often 
requiring  only  a  few  minutes  of  the  period, 
and  it  is  work  that  is  rewarded  by  the  interest 
and  enjoyment  of  the  children. 

THE   HIGH   SCHOOL 

One  strong  plea  for  library  lessons  in  the 
high  school  comes  from  the  college  and  uni- 
versity. The  college  librarians  say  that  because 
students  in  the  secondary  schools  have  had 
no  library  training,  the  colleges  must  do  such 
preliminary  work  as  teaching  the  use  of  cata- 
log, index  and  cyclopedia.  A  service  that 
secondary  schools  should  render  the  univer- 
sity is  training  in  the  use  of  the  library  as 
preparation  for  advanced  bibliography  and 
research  work.  Another  reason  for  such  li- 
brary training,  perhaps  even  more  important, 
is  that  the  majority  of  high  school  students 
do  not  go  on  to  college,  and  will  be  handi- 
capped through  life  in  using  the  public  library 
unless  the  high  school  teaches  them  how.  We 
will  suppose  that  the  high  school  pupil  comes 
from  a  graded  school  that  has  equipped  him 
with  the  elementary  library  knowledge  already 
suggested  for  children.  It  is  then  the  privi- 
lege of  the  high  school  to  teach  him  the  refer- 
ence books  of  his  special  subjects,  debating 
books,  magazine  indexes,  and  a  more  exhaus- 
tive knowledge  of  the  tools  learned  in  the 
graded  schools. 

THE  COLLEGE  AND  UNIVERSITY 

One  reason  for  special  bibliographical  train- 
ing in  the  college  is  that  many  of  these  stu- 
dents are  going  out  to  be  the  teachers  in  high 
schools  and  smaller  colleges,  school  superin- 
tendents and  principals,  and  the  educators  in 
the  school  world.  Unless  they  are  trained  in 
the  university  in  the  special  bibliography  of 
their  subjects,  they  cannot  inspire  others  with 
the  spirit  of  research,  or  direct  them  in  using 
the  library.  When  students  come  to  the  uni- 
versity, prepared  in  the  secondary  schools  with 
the  rudiments  of  library  use,  they  are  ready 
for  the  bibliography  of  their  specialty  and  for 
advanced  research  work. 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


191 


THE  NORMAL   SCHOOL 

With  the  normal  schools  lies  the  possibility 
of  a  peculiar  service  which  touches  library  and 
school  co-operation  more  closely  than  any  other 
agency.  Our  coming  public  school  teachers 
are  being  trained  in  the  normal  school.  If, 
in  twenty-five  years  from  now,  we  have  a 
generation  of  people  who  are  intelligently  at 
home  in  the  library,  it  will  be  because  they 
were  taught  by  their  teachers  in  the  public 
schools  how  to  use  books.  In  the  Utopian 
library  scheme  being  outlined,  students  will 
come  to  the  normal  school  from  high  schools 
that  have  taught  them  how  to  use  a  library. 
The  normal  school  can  then  specialize  in  the 
following  library  courses  with  teachers: 

1.  Bibliographical  helps  of  special  value  to 
teachers. 

2.  Children's  literature. 

3.  Practice  library  lessons  with  children. 
School   superintendents  agree   that  one   of 

the  greatest  needs  of  the  normal  school  grad- 
uate is  a  discriminating  knowledge  of  chil- 
dren's books.  Courses  in  children's  literature 
would  prepare  teachers  to  select  the  books  for 
the  school  library,  to  guide  the  outside  read- 
ing of  her  children  and  stimulate  her  recita- 
tions by  interesting  reference  material. 

The  practice  teaching  in  the  normal  school 
serves  as  the  students'  period  of  probation 
and  apprenticeship  in  teaching.  If.  these  prac- 
tice lessons  with  the  children  include  library 
lessons  on  the  dictionary,  card  catalog,  table 
of  contents,  etc.,  the  teacher  is  sure  to  give 
such  lessons  in  her  own  school  later  on. 

The  normal  school  touches  the  great  prob- 
lem of  popular  education  at  its  very  heart. 
If  library  knowledge  is  to  be  popularized,  the 
start  must  be  made  at  the  center  of  the  edu- 
cational system— the  normal  training  schools 
for  teachers. 

There  are  teachers'  institutes  for  reaching 
the  teachers  already  in  service.  Some  of  our 
states  have  library  talks  as  a  regular  part  of 
institute  instruction.  One  state  library  com- 
mission has  just  appointed  an  inspiring  pro- 
fessor of  literature  to  give  two  talks  at  in- 
stitutes, one  on  children's  literature,  and  one 
on  the  use  of  the  library  in  school  work. 
After  all,  the  main  reason  for  library  lessons 
is  the  same  for  all  schools — that  students, 
for  the  sake  of  the  joy  and  power  it  will  bring 
to  their  work,  must  know  the  tools  of  the 
library.  Reference  books,  indexes  and  bib- 


liographies are  the  working  tools  of  the  stu- 
dent's laboratory.  Not  only  for  the  sake  of 
efficiency  of  work  and  the  saving  of  time,  but 
for  the  sake  of  the  joy  such  knowledge  will 
bring  to  his  work,  the  student  must  feel  at 
home  in  his  laboratory. 

'  In  conclusion,  let  it  be  perfectly  under- 
stood that  this  service  to  be  rendered  by  the 
schools  differs  radically  from  that  of  the 
library  schools.  The  function  of  the  library 
school  is  to  train  librarians.  The  function  of 
library  courses  in  schools  is  to  spread  the 
knowledge  of  how  to  use  a  library.  I  see 
only  one  excuse  for  technical  library  training 
in  the  schools,  and  that  is  a  course  in  the 
normal  schools  for  the  sake  of  the  small 
school  libraries  which  the  library  profession 
can  never  reach.  These  rural  and  small  graded 
schools  have  beginning  libraries,  most  of  them, 
and  they  can  never  afford  someone  who 
devotes  her  entire  time  to  the  library,  much 
less  a  trained  librarian.  The  hope  for  these 
small  schools  lies  in  the  "teacher-librarian" 
courses  in  the  normal  schools.  Such  elective 
courses  will  prepare  teachers  to  organize  the 
small  school  library,  select  books,  supervise 
children's  reading,  give  library  lessons,  help 
in  school  work,  in  addition  to  part  teaching 
of  English  or  history. 

The  State  Education  Department  of  New 
York  State  has  designated  one  normal  school, 
Geneseo,  to  prepare  such  teacher-librarians, 
and  it  is  hoped  that  school  superintendents 
will  find  centers  for  these  few  graduates 
where  they  can  demonstrate  the  value  of  a 
live,  well-administered  library  in  school  work. 

Generally  speaking,  technical  library  courses 
in  the  normal  school,  if  they  attempt  more 
than  training  in  the  use  of  books,  can  only 
bring  library  training  into  disrepute  and  lower 
its  standard.  It  sometimes  happens  that,  after 
a  brief  library  course  in  a  normal  school^ 
graduates  make  application  for  library  posi- 
tions, with  the  statement  that  they  "have  had 
library  school  training.  One  such  student  ob- 
tained a  library  position  in  a  certain  state. 
She  failed,  and  the  library  board  lost  all  con- 
fidence in  librarians  of  school  training,  and 
employed  the  library  janitor  to  take  her  place! 

The  conclusion  of  the  whole  matter  is  that 
the  library  profession  defeats  the  end  for 
which  it  came  into  existence,  unless  people 
are  taught  to  use  the  modern  library.  And 


192 


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[April,  1913 


this  popularization  of  library  knowledge  must 
be  contributed  by  the  schools  from  the  grades 
to  college.  And,  after  all,  this  is  no  Utopian 
library  scheme,  for  in  many  schools  all  over 
the  country  such  library  lessons  are  already 
being  given. 
There  are  many  problems  for  the  school 


library  to  solve — special  classification  to  fit  its 
needs,  student  reading  clubs,  the  best  use  of 
the  bulletin  board,  clipping  and  picture  col- 
lections, vocational  guidance,  etc. — but  there 
is  no  more  vital  problem  than  training  its 
students  to  feel  at  home  in  the  modern  library 
and  to  understand  its  resources. 


SOME  REFERENCE  BOOKS  OF  1912 
By  ISADORE  GILBERT  MUDGE,  Reference  Librarian,  Columbia  University  Library 

THE  following  list  of  reference  books  of 
the  year  is  not  a  complete  record  of  all  such 
publications  issued  in  1912,.  but  merely  a  selec- 
tion of  some  of  the  more  important  or  inter- 
esting titles. 


PERIODICALS    AND    NEWSPAPERS 

The  important  event  of  1912  in  the  history 
of  indexes  of  periodical  literature  has  been 
the  agreement  for  division  of  this  work  be- 
tween the  Publishers'  Weekly  office  and  the 
H.  W.  Wilson  Co.,  for  the  purpose  of  avoid- 
ing the  duplication  of  such  publishing  which 
has  occurred  in  the  past.  The  periodical  in- 
dex which  heretofore  formed  the  first  and 
most  important  section  of  the  Annual  Library 
Index  has  been  discontinued  and  the  work 
of  indexing  periodicals  transferred  to  the 
Readers'  Guide  and  the  projected  Readers' 
Guide  Supplement  (Minneapolis,  Wilson).  On 
the  other  hand,  the  Index  of  Dates,  which 
latterly  formed  an  important  feature  in  the 
Readers3  Guide,  has  been  discontinued  in 
that  index  and  is  being  carried  on  more  elab- 
orately in  the  separate  Index  to  Dates  of  Cur- 
rent Events,  published  monthly,  during  1912, 
with  quarterly  and  semi-annual  cumulations 
(N.  Y.,  Publishers'  Weekly,  $4  a  year).  The 
Annual  Library  Index  was  discontinued  with 
the  1910  issue,  but  its  place  has  been  taken  by 
the  American  Library  Annual,  which  continues 
all  of  the  features  of  its  predecessor  except  the 
indexes  of  periodicals  and  general  literature, 
and  expands  greatly  some  of  its  more  special 
library  features,  such  as  the  list  of  book  col- 
lectors, list  of  libraries,  etc. 

Among  foreign  indexes  the  most  interest- 
ing development  has  been  the  further  expan- 
sion of  the  extensive  indexing  work  carried 
on  by  the  firm  of  E.  Diederichs  at  Jena.  The 
well-known  Bibliographic  der  deutschen  zeit- 
schriften  literatur  is  now  merely  one  series, 
"Abtheilung  A,"  of  a  wider  scheme  of  index- 


ing, i.e.,  the  Internationale  bibliographie  der 
zeitschriften  literatur,  of  which  "Abtheilung 
B"  is  formed  by  a  new  index  now  in  its  sec- 
ond volume,  the  Bibliographie  der  fremd- 
sprachigen  zeitschriften  literatur,  which  in- 
dexes selected  articles  in  more  than  1000  non- 
German  periodicals,  English,  Danish,  Spanish, 
etc. 

Three  library  catalogs  of  collections  of 
newspapers,  which  should  be  of  use  to  re- 
search workers,  have  appeared.  These  are: 
"Annotated  catalogue  of  newspaper  files  in  the 
library  of  the  State  Historical  Society  of  Wis- 
consin," 591  pages,  a  second  edition,  much  en- 
larged from  the  first  edition  of  1898  (Madi- 
son, Society,  $1.50)  ;  "Check  list  of  American 
eighteenth-century  newspapers  in  the  Library 
of  Congress,"  a  useful  list  arranged  by  locali- 
ties, with  full  indexes  of  titles,  printers,  pub- 
lishers and  editors  (Washington,  Gov.  Pr. 
Off.,  50  cents)  ;  and  a  "List  of  newspapers 
in  the  Virginia  State  Library,  Confederate 
Museum  and  Valentine  Museum,  491  p.,  pub. 
as  Bull.  vol.  5,  no.  4,  of  the  Virginia  State 
Library. 

SPECIAL    INDEXES 

The  special  periodical  indexes  of  the  year 
are  mainly  scientific.  Crane's  Index  of  Min- 
ing Engineering  Literature,  the  first  volume  of 
which  was  issued  in  1909,  has  been  continued 
by  the  publication  of  volume  2,  which  gives 
complete  subject  indexing  for  some  26  serials 
and  partial  indexing  for  20  additional  titles 
(N.  Y.,  Wiley,  $3).  A  newcomer  in  the  field 
is  the  Mining  World  Index  (Chicago,  Mining 
World  Co.,  $2),  a  semi-annual  index,  based 
upon  the  weekly  index  of  current  literature 
in  the  Mining  World.  The  most  important 
new  scientific  index,  however,  is  the  "Royal 
catalogue  of  scientific  papers:  Subject  index," 
vol.  3,  part  I,  which  covers  part  of  the  subject 
of  physics,  i.e.,  generalities,  light,  heat  and 
sound,  leaving  electricity  and  magnetism  to  be 


April,  1913] 


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193 


covered  in  a  later  volume.  Some  200  scien- 
tific serials  are  indexed  for  the  years  1800- 
1900,  and  the  location  of  sets  of  these  serials 
is  indicated  in  some  twenty  English  libraries. 
"Library  work  cumulated,  1905-1911,"  fur- 
nishes an  index  in  one  alphabet  to  the  period- 
ical literature  of  library  science  for  the  past 
six  years  (Minneapolis,  Wilson,  $4). 

DEBATES 

Several  small  debate  manuals  have  been  is- 
sued or  revised.  A  second  volume  of  the 
useful  "Intercollegiate  debates,"  a  yearbook  of 
college  debating,  edited  by  E.  R.  Nichols,  con- 
tains specimen  briefs,  bibliographies  and  rec- 
ord of  decisions  of  debates  on  some  fourteen 
topics  (N.  Y.,  Hinds,  $2).  A  new  volume  in 
the  Debaters'  Handbook  Series,  "Selected  ar- 
ticles on  government  ownership  of  railroads," 
by  E.  M.  Phelps,  has  been  issued,  and  new 
editions  of  the  volumes  on  "Election  of  U.  S. 
senators,"  "Woman  suffrage,"  and  "Commis- 
sion plan  of  municipal  government"  have  ap- 
peared (Minneapolis,  Wilson,  $i  ea.).  Two 
smaller  compilations  on  the  same  general  plan 
are:  "Selected  articles  on  the  fortification  of 
the  Panama  Canal,"  by  C.  E.  Fanning,  and 
"Selected  articles  on  government  ownership 
of  the  telegraph,"  by  E.  M.  Phelps  (Minne- 
apolis, Wilson,  25  c.  ea.).  A  work  which  is 
of  use  to  the  debating  club  in  a  different  way 
is  the  "New  Gushing  manual  of  parliament- 
ary law  and  practice,"  revised  and  enlarged 
by  C.  K.  Gaines  (Boston,  Thompson  Brown 
Co.,  75  c.),  a  complete  revision. 

DISSERTATIONS 

Several  small  catalogs  of  dissertations  have 
been  published.  Dark  University  issued  near 
the  close  of  1911,  under  the  title  of  "List  of 
degrees  granted,"  a  complete  list  of  its  dis- 
sertations from  the  beginning,  including  those 
printed  only  in  periodicals  as  well  as  those 
published  separately  (Clark  University  Li- 
brary, Publications,  vol.  2,  no.  9).  The  Car- 
negie Institution  has  suspended  the  separate 
publication  of  its  "List  of  doctoral  disserta- 
tions in  progress,"  and  the  1912  issue  of  this 
useful  list  appears  in  the  History  Teachers' 
Magazine  for  January,  1913.  The  most  im- 
portant event  in  this  line,  however,  has  been 
the  announcement  of  the  Library  of  Congress 


that  it  would  publish  an  annual  catalog  of  the 
American  doctoral  dissertations,  beginning 
with  those  of  1912.  The  first  number  will  not 
appear  till  1913,  however.  For  foreign  theses 
there  is  a  new  catalog,  "Akademiska  Afhand- 
lingar  vid  Sveriges  Universitet  och  hogskolor, 
1890-1910  .  .  .  Bibliografi  af  Axel  Nelson," 
which  lists  in  one  alphabetical  author  arrange- 
ment the  theses  and  other  academic  publica- 
tions of  the  various  Swedish  universities  and 
high  schools,  supplementing  the  earlier  list, 
1850-1890,  compiled  by  A.  G.  S.  Josephson. 

DICTIONARIES   AND   ENCYCLOPEDIAS 

No  large  general  English  dictionary  has 
been  issued.  A  small  special  work  of  con- 
siderable value,  however,  is  "An  American 
glossary,  an  attempt  to  illustrate  certain  Amer- 
icanisms on  historical  principles,"  by  R.  H. 
Thornton,  2  vols.  (London:  Francis,  303.; 
Phila.,  Lippincott,  $7.50),  which  gives  promise 
of  superseding  all  earlier  dictionaries  of  Amer- 
icanisms. It  is  a  thorough,  well  edited  work, 
and  the  compiler  profits  by  the  methods  and 
researches  of  the  editors  of  the  "New  English 
dictionary."  Among  encyclopedias  the  Amer- 
icana has  been  reprinted,  and  extended  from 
its  original  16  volumes  to  22  volumes.  The 
old  plates  have  been  used,  but  considerable 
new  material  on  recent  subjects  has  been 
added,  and  in  some  cases  the  older  articles 
have  been  brought  to  date,  and  new  titles 
added  to  the  bibliographies  (N.  Y.,  Sci.  Amer. 
comp.  dept.,  $132). 

RELIGION 

As  was  the  case  in  1911,  the  important  ref- 
erence publications  in  the  subject  of  religion 
during  1912  have  been  the  new  volumes  of  the 
various  great  sets  in  process  of  publication. 
The  "New  Schaff-Herzog  cyclopedia  of  re- 
ligious knowledge"  was  completed  early  in  the 
year  by  the  publication  of  volume  12  (N.  Y., 
Funk,  $5  a  vol.).  The  "Catholic  cyclopedia" 
has  also  been  completed  by  the  publication  of 
volumes  13-15,  which,  in  respect  to  both  ar- 
ticles and  bibliographies,  maintain  the  high 
standard  set  by  the  earlier  volumes.  Hastings' 
"Encyclopedia  of  religion  and  ethics"  advances 
slowly,  only  volumes  ^(Confirmation-Fichter) 
having  been  published  during  the  year  (N.  Y., 
Scribner,  $7  a  vol.).  In  France  the  various 
dictionaries  which  make  up  the  "Encyclopedic 


194 


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[April,  1913 


des  sciences  religieuses"  have  all  advanced 
slowly  on  their  way  through  the  alphabet. 
The  oldest  of  these,  Vigouroux,  "Dictionnaire 
de  la  Bible,"  has  been  completed  by  the  issue 
of  the  last  fascicule  of  volume  5;  Vacant  et 
Mangeot,  "Dictionnaire  de  theologie  catho- 
lique"  has  advanced  as  far  as  fascicule  40, 
"Finsailles,"  Cabrol,  "Dictionnaire  d'archeol- 
ogie  chretienne,"  has  reached  the  word  "Cha- 
teaux," while  the  youngest  member  of  the 
group,  Baudrillart,  "Dictionnaire  d'histoire  et 
de  geographic  ecclesiastiques,"  is  represented 
only  by  volume  i,  and  2  fascicules  of  volume 
2,  in  all,  only  part  of  the  letter  A.  Both  ar- 
ticles and  bibliographies  in  these  four  works 
are  admirable,  and  the  group  as  a  whole  rep- 
resents the  highest  level  of  French  Catholic 
scholarship.  The  new  German  encyclopedia, 
Schiele's  "Die  religion  in  geschichte  und  geg- 
enwart,"  has  been  continued  by  the  publica- 
tion of  volume  3,  which  carries  the  alphabet 
through  "Lytton."  Two  smaller  works  in 
English  are:  Harford,  G.,  "Prayer  book  dic- 
tionary" (Longmans,  $8.50),  a  book  containing 
many  useful  articles,  but  with  its  special  use- 
fulness lessened  somewhat  by  the  inclusion  of 
too  many  general  topics,  and  the  "Dictionary 
of  English  church  history,"  edited  by  S.  L. 
Offard  and  Gordon  Crosse  (London,  Mow- 
bray),  a  compact,  well  edited  work,  containing 
excellent  biographies  and  historical  articles  on 
customs,  ceremony,  dress,  art,  architecture, 
finance,  etc.,  of  the  English  church.  Four 
new  parts  of  the  Encyclopedia  of  Islam, 
nos.  12-15,  "Berbers — Dhu  '1-Kader,"  have  ap- 
peared. Though  so  small  a  portion  of  the 
alphabet  has  been  covered,  the  parts  issued 
this  year  are  especially  useful  and  timely,  as 
they  contain  articles  on  the  Bulgars,  Bulgaria, 
Constantinople,  etc. 

SOCIAL    SCIENCES  —  YEAR  BOOKS    AND   STATISTICS 

A  new  compilation  of  general  governmental 
statistics  is  the  "American  statesman  year 
book,"  edited  by  J.  W.  McSpadden  (N.  Y., 
McBride,  $4).  This  is  similar  in  scope  and 
plan  to  the  well-known  "Statesman's  year 
book,"  but  gives  American  data  with  some- 
what greater  fullness,  especially  in  section  3, 
which  includes  digests  of  annual  reports  of 
the  various  bureaus  and  departments  at  Wash- 
ington, athletic  records,  an  index  of  dates,  etc. 


A  smaller  work  which  is  modeled  upon  some- 
what the  same  plan  as  the  "Statesman's  year 
book"  is  the  "International  Whitaker,  a  statis- 
tical, historical,  geographical  and  commercial 
handbook  for  all  nations"  (London,  Whitaker, 
2s.).  The  information  included  is  detailed 
and  well  arranged,  and  the  low  price  of  the 
book  should  make  it  especially  useful  to  the 
small  library  which  cannot  afford  a  new  vol- 
ume of  the  "Statesman's  year  book"  each  year. 
The  "China  year  book"  (London,  Routledge, 
ios.),  is  a  well  edited  work,  containing  de- 
tailed information  as  to  resources,  social  con- 
dition, government,  natural  resources,  etc.,  of 
China.  Unfortunately  most  of  the  work  is 
based  on  information  collected  before  the  out- 
break of  the  recent  revolution,  but  an  intro- 
ductory chapter  on  the  Revolution  partly  rem- 
edies this  defect.  The  second  issue  of  the 
"Russian  year  book"  (London,  Eyre,  ios.  6d.), 
has  been  so  greatly  extended  from  the  first 
issue  of  1911  as  to  be  almost  a  new  book.  It 
is  especially  full  for  customs  and  trade  in- 
formation, including  trade  reports  from  all 
sections  of  the  Russian  empire.  A  new  work 
of  a  different  type  is  the  "Negro  year  book 
and  annual  encyclopedia  of  the  negro"  (Nash- 
ville, Sunday-school  Union  Print),  a  modest 
work  of  215  pages,  edited  from  Tuskegee  In- 
stitute and  containing  much  useful  informa- 
tion on  the  various  aspects,  historical,  eco- 
nomic, statistical,  and  legal  of  its  special  sub- 
ject, including  full  bibliographies. 

EDUCATION 

The  educational  reference  books  of  the  year 
are  important.  Volumes  2-3  of  Monroe's  "Cy- 
clopedia of  education"  have  appeared,  carry- 
ing that  excellent  work  half  way  through  the 
letter  L  (N.  Y.,  Macmillan,  $5  ea.)-  A  new 
edition,  the  seventh,  of  Baird's  "Manual  of 
college  fraternities"  is  revised  and  greatly  en- 
larged (N.  Y.,  College  Fraternity  Publishing 
Co.,  363  W.  20th  st,  $3).  A  new  bibliography 
and  index  is  the  "Monthly  record  of  current 
educational  publications,"  issued  since  January, 
1912,  by  the  Bureau  of  Education  at  Washing- 
ton. This  new  list  furnishes  a  valuable  sur- 
vey of  foreign  publications  as  well  as  works 
in  English,  including  books,  government  pub- 
lications, proceedings  of  societies  and  period- 
ical literature. 


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195 


SCIENCE  AND  USEFUL  ARTS 

A  useful,  popular  work,  the  only  one  of  its 
kind  in  the  English  language,  is  the  "Dic- 
tionary of  races,"  issued  in  1911,  as  volume  5 
of  the  Reports  of  the  Immigration  Commis- 
sion, but  not  generally  distributed  to  libraries 
until  1912  (Wash.,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.,  30  c.).  Al- 
though limited  in  the  main  to  the  treatment 
of  races  and  peoples  which  are  furnishing  the 
present  immigration  movement  to  the  United 
States,  the  dictionary  treats  of  some  600  sub- 
jects and  is  fairly  comprehensive  for  a  large 
part  of  the  whole  field.  A  new  edition,  thor- 
oughly revised,  of  the  "Scientific  American 
reference  book"  was  issued  in  1912,  with  the 
imprint  date  1913.  Three  volumes  of  the  ex- 
cellent new  edition  of  "Thorpe's  Dictionary 
of  applied  chemistry"  have  appeared,  carrying 
the  alphabet  through  the  word  "oils."  A  sec- 
ond revised  edition  of  Stedman's  "Practical 
medical  dictionary"  (N.  Y.,  Wood,  $5)  has 
been  published,  making  this  work  perhaps 
the  best  of  the  small  dictionaries  of  medical 
terms.  A  good  small  handbook  for  a  dif- 
ferent class  of  technical  terms  is  A.  A. 
Stewart's  "Printer's  dictionary  of  technical 
terms,  a  handbook  of  definitions  and  informa- 
tion about  processes  of  printing"  (Boston, 
School  of  Printing,  North  End  Union,  $2).  A 
useful  dictionary  of  printers'  terms  and  typo- 
graphical practices,  but  not  of  processes,  is 
Collins,  "Authors'  and  printers'  dictionary" 
(Oxford  University  Press,  is.),  of  which  the 
fourth  revised  edition  was  issued  in  October, 
1912. 

LITERATURE 

The  new  reference  books  on  literary  topics 
are  principally  bibliographies  and  author  dic- 
tionaries or  concordances.  To  the  series  of 
author  dictionaries  published  by  Routledge  has 
been  added  the  "Zola  dictionary,"  by  J.  G. 
Patterson  (London,  Routledge,  8s.  6d.;  N.  Y., 
Dutton,  $3).  This  follows  the  same  general 
plan  as  the  preceding  volumes  in  the  series, 
but  omits  chapter  references.  A  new  Dickens 
dictionary  is  "Who's  who  in  Dickens,"  by  T. 
A.  Fyfe  (London,  Hodder,  6s),  which  gives 
brief  descriptions  of  all  main  characters  in 
Dickens's  own  words,  but  is  less  comprehen- 
sive and  detailed  than  the  earlier  dictionaries 
by  Philips  and  Pierce.  Two  important  con- 
cordances which  have  been  issued  are:  Mc- 
Kenzie,  "Coneordanza  della  rime  di  Francesco 


Petrarca"  (Oxford  University  Press,  305.), 
and  Rand  and  Wilkin,  "Concordance  to  the 
Latin  works  of  Dante"  (Oxford  University 
Press,  305.).  The  Petrarch  concordance  is 
important  both  as  an  excellent  piece  of  work 
and  as  the  first  concordance  to  Petrarch  pub- 
lished, while  the  new  Dante  concordance  fills 
in  the  gap  in  the  existing  group  of  Dante  con- 
cordances which  index  only  the  Italian  works. 
•The  bibliographies  of  the  year  include  a  third 
volume  (v.  2,  pt.  i)  of  Klussman's  supplement 
to  Engelmann's  "Bibliotheca  scriptorum  clas- 
sicorum,"  which  covers  Latin  authors,  A-L, 
and  a  revised  edition  of  the  first  volume  of 
Lanson's  "Manuel  bibliographique  de  la  li- 
terature frangaise  moderne,"  which  extends 
the  first  edition  by  about  forty  pages.  A  new 
book  which  is  not  a  reference  book  in  the  strict 
sense  of  the  word,  but  which  is  valuable  for 
reference  purposes  because  of  its  fine  bibliog- 
raphies and  its  biographic  dictionary  of  French 
authors,  is  Wright's  "History  of  French  liter- 
ature" (Oxford  University  Press,  $3), 

HISTORY 

Perhaps  the  most  useful  reference  book  is- 
sued during  the  year  for  topics  in  American 
history  is  the  new,  thoroughly  revised  edition 
of  Channing  and  Hart,  "Guide  to  the  study 
and  reading  of  American  history"  (Boston, 
Ginn,  $2.50).  This  new  edition  extends  the 
period  covered  from  1865  to  1910,  enlarges 
the  sections  on  social,  economic  and  industrial 
history,  includes  a  new  set  of  references  on 
the  history  of  the  West,  and,  in  general,  re- 
places old  or  superseded  references  by  bibliog- 
raphies of  new  or  more  accessible  material. 
Two  new  titles  added  to  the  Archives  Series 
which  is  being  issued  by  the  Carnegie  Insti- 
tution are :  Learned,  M.  D.,  "Guide  to  the  man- 
uscript materials  relating  to  American  history 
in  the  German  state  archives"  (Washington, 
Carnegie  Inst.,  publ.  no.  150,  $2.25),  and  An- 
drews, C.  M.,  "Guide  to  the  materials  for 
American  history  to  1783  in  the  Public  Record 
Office  of  Great  Britain,  volume  i,  State  papers" 
(Washington,  Carnegie  Inst.,  publ.  no.  903, 
$2.50).  A  union  list  which  should  prove  of 
great  value  for  inter-library  loans  is  the 
"Union  list  of  collections  on  European  history 
in  American  libraries,"  edited  for  the  Amer- 
ican Historical  Association  by  Dr.  E.  C.  Rich- 
ardson, of  which  two  preliminary  editions,  a 
"proof  edition"  and  a  "trial  edition,"  have  ap- 


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[April,  1913 


peared  during  the  year.  This  work  indicates 
the  libraries  which  possess  complete  or  partial 
sets  of  some  2000  historical  collections,  but, 
unfortunately,  does  not  indicate  exact  vol- 
umes in  the  case  of  libraries  possessing  partial 
sets.  In  German  history  the  important  new 
publication  has  been  the  eighth  edition,  re- 
vised and  much  enlarged,  of  the  Dahlmann- 
Waitz  "Quellenkunde  der  deutschen  ge- 
schichte,"  which  contains  nearly  3000  more 
titles  than  the  previous  edition  (Leipzig, 
Koehler,  3im.).  For  the  bibliography  of 
French  history  there  is  a  new  volume,  part  2, 
volume  3,  in  the  Molinier-Hauser  "Sources  de 
1'histoire  de  France,"  entitled  "Les  guerres  de 
religion,"  1559-1589  (Paris,  Picard,  I2fr.). 

GEOGRAPHY 

The  two  important  atlases  of  the  year  have 
been  the  long-expected  new  edition  of  the 
Rand,  McNally  "Library  atlas  of  the  world" 
(Chicago,  Rand,  McNally,  $25,  2  v.),  and  an 
entirely  new  work,  the  "Cambridge  atlas  of 
modern  history"  (Cambridge  University  Press, 
$6.50).  The  Rand,  McNally  atlas  follows  in 
general  the  plan  of  earlier  editions,  but  the 
new  maps  and  population  figures  are  based  on 
the  recent  census,  the  indexes  are  extended, 
and  some  new  features,  notably  a  list  of  all 
electric  railroads  in  the  United  States  and  in 
each  state,  are  introduced.  The  "Cambridge 
atlas  of  modern  history,"  which  is  useful  both 
as  an  independent  atlas  and  as  a  part  of  the 
"Cambridge  modern  history,"  of  which  it 
forms  the  final  volume,  is  an  excellent  piece 
of  work,  containing  141  maps  showing  the 
territorial  changes  in  Europe  from  the  I5th 
century  to  1910.  Every  place  name  mentioned 
in  the  Cambridge  modern  history  is  said  to  be 
included  in  the  maps  and  there  are  full  in- 
dexes to  all  such  names.  The  coloring  of  the 
maps  is  not  always  entirely  clear  and  the  size 
is  too  small,  as  the  atlas  is  an  octavo  like  the 
rest  of  the  volumes  of  the  set.  A  new  map 
catalog  of  value  which  has  been  issued  by  the 
Map  diyision  of  the  Library  of  Congress  is 
the  "Lowery  collection,  a  descriptive  list  of 
maps  of  the  Spanish  possessions  within  the 
present  limits  of  the  United  States,  1502-1820" 
(Washington,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.).  This  describes 
750  maps,  of  which  306  are  in  the  Lowery  col- 
lection, 206  not  in  that  collection  but  in  the 
Library  of  Congress,  and  184  in  neither  one 
nor  the  other. 


BIOGRAPHY 

The  most  important  biographical  reference 
book  of  the  year  is  undoubtedly  the  new  sup- 
plement to  the  English  "Dictionary  of  na- 
tional biography"  (3  v.,  London,  Smith  Elder 
&  Co.,  iss.  ea.;  N.  Y.,  Macmillan,  $4.25  ea.), 
which  brings  the  main  work  to  date  by  sup- 
plying biographies  of  some  1660  noteworthy 
persons  who  died  between  Jan.  22,  1901,  and 
Dec.  31,  1911.  The  general  plan  of  the  main 
work  is  followed  and  its  high  standard  of  ex- 
cellence of  both  biographies  and  bibliographies 
is  maintained.  Supplements  or  additional  vol- 
umes to  several  other  standard  sets  have  been 
published.  A  new  volume  (vol.  5),  of  Boase, 
"Modern  English  biography,"  covers  the  let- 
ters D-K,  supplying  names  omitted  from  that 
part  of  the  alphabet  in  the  main  work  (Truro, 
Netherton,  303.).  The  "Allgemeine  deutsche 
biographic"  has  been  completed  by  the  publi- 
cation of  volume  56,  an  index  volume,  which 
supplies  a  single  alphabetical  key  to  the  four 
alphabets  of  the  set  (Munich,  Duncker).  A 
second  volume  of  the  "Nieuw  nederlandsch. 
biografisch  woordenboek,"  by  P.  C.  Molhuysen 
and  P.  J.  Blok,  has  appeared,  following  vol- 
ume i,  which  was  issued  in  1911  (Leiden, 
Sythoff,  lofl.  ea.)  The  new  volume  follows 
the  plan  announced  for  the  whole  work,  that  is, 
a  complete  alphabet  in  each  volume  with  a 
cumulative  index  at  the  end  of  each  new  vol- 
ume to  link  it  to  earlier  volumes  of  the  set. 
The  articles  in  this  new  dictionary  of  national 
biography  are  concise  and  competent  and  the 
biographies  good.  An  entirely  new  work  is 
the  "Cyclopedia  of  American  medical  biog- 
raphy, 1610-1910,"  by  H.  A.  Kelly  (Philadel- 
phia, Saunders,  2  v.,  $10  ea.),  which  contains 
adequate  articles  and  good  bibliographies, 
though  its  selection  of  names  to  be  included 
shows  some  unfortunate  omissions. 

There  have  been  several  important  additions 
to  the  group  of  reference  books  for  contem- 
porary biography,  counting  both  new  editions 
of  established  works  and  entirely  new  titles. 
To  the  former  class  belong  the  new  edition  of 
"Who's  who  in  America,  1912-13"  (seventh 
biennial  volume,  Chicago,  Marquis,  $5)  ;  and 
the  second  edition  of  Morgan's  "Canadian  men 
and  women  of  the  time,"  much  enlarged  and 
entirely  rewritten  from  the  first  edition  of  1898 
(Toronto,  Briggs,  $5).  New  titles  in  the 
"Who's  who"  class  which  promise  to  be  of 


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value  are:  "Who's  who  in  science  (interna- 
tional), 1912,"  a  comprehensive  list  of  scien- 
tists of  all  countries,  with  short  biographies 
which  are  generally  adequate  and  a  brief  in- 
dex by  large  subjects  at  the  end;  "Who's  who 
in  the  theatre,  a  biographical  record  of  the 
contemporary  stage,"  compiled  by  John  Parker 
(London,  Pitman,  6s.),  which  includes  names 
of  dramatists,  stage  managers,  and  dramatic 
critics  as  well  as  actors  and  actresses;  a  Dan- 
ish Who's  who,  "Krak's  blaa  bog"  (Copen- 
hagen, Krak,  12  kr.),  which  is  now  in  its  third 
year  of  issue  and  is  a  well  made  work,  in- 
cluding many  names  often  very  difficult  to  find 
in  more  general  biographies;  and  two  books 
of  this  class  for  the  Far  East,  "Who's  who  in 
Japan,  1912"  (Tokyo,  Wlio's  Who  in  Japan 
Office;  London,  Frame  &  Co.),  and  "Who's 
who  in  India,  1911"  (Lucknow,  Newul  Kistore 
Press),  the  latter  an  ambitious  volume  with 
some  long  biographies  and  portraits.  Its  gen- 
eral arrangement  is  geographical,  by  states  o-f 
the  Indian  empire,  with  an  alphabetical  index 
of  personal  names. 

PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS 

Several  important  catalogs  of  government 
documents  have  appeared.  Part  i  of  the  long- 
expected  third  edition  of  the  "Check  list  of 
U.  S.  public  documents,  1789-1909"  was  pub- 
lished with  the  imprint  date  1911,  but  not  gen- 
erally distributed;  to  libraries  until  1912.  This 
first  volume  covers  Congressional  documents 
from  the  first  through  the  6oth  Congress,  and 
departmental  publications  to  the  end  of  1909. 
As  far  as  the  tables  are  concerned  the  new 
check  list  quite  supersedes  the  preliminary 
"Tables  and  index"  issued  in  1902,  but  as 
the  index  is  to  appear  in  volume  2,  which 
is  not  yet  issued,  the  earlier  work  must 
still  be  used  for  a  subject  approach  to  the 
Congressional  set.  A  new  volume,  no.  9, 
of  the  "Document  catalogue,"  covering  doc- 
uments of  the  6oth  Congress,  and  depart- 
mental publications,  July,  1907- June,  1909,  has 
appeared.  Among  foreign  works  should  be 
mentioned  the  "Catalogue  of  parliamentary  pa- 
pers, 1001-1910"  (London,  King,  55.),  a  sup- 
plement to  the  "Catalogue  of  parliamentary 
papers,  1801-1900,"  which,  though  less  useful 
than  the  annual  indexes  to  the  Parliamentary 
papers,  serves  a  purpose  in  listing  the  most 


important  documents  of  the  period  covered, 
especially  as  the  regular  decennial  index  for 
that  period,  although  in  preparation,  has  not 
yet  been  issued.  Another  state  has  been  in- 
cluded in  A.  R.  Hasse's  "Index  of  economic 
material  in  the  documents  of  the  states"  by 
the  publication  of  the  section  on  Ohio,  1789- 
1904,  which  fills  two  large  volumes  and  makes 
the  most  extended  piece  of  indexing  in  this 
fine  series  (Washington,  Carnegie  Institution, 
2j.t  $14). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

The  new  reference  books  worth  mentioning 
in  the  subject  of  bibliography  are  perhaps 
more  numerous  than  in  any  other  field.  Two 
bibliographies  of  bibliography  should  be  noted. 
R.  A.  Peddie's  "National  bibliographies:  a  de- 
scriptive catalog  of  the  works  which  register 
the  books  published  in  each  country"  (London, 
Graf  ton  &  Co.,  34  p.,  53.),  gives  brief  titles 
with  some  annotations  of  the  national  bib- 
liographies of  49  countries.  Though  a  useful 
work  and  more  comprehensive  than  any  pre- 
vious list  of  the  sort,  it  is  not  perfect,  as  the 
omission  of  any  mention  of  the  "United  States 
catalogue"  and  the  "Cumulative  book  index" 
indicates.  A  third  volume  of  Courtney's  use- 
ful "Register  of  national  bibliography"  pre- 
sents a  subject  record  of  some  10,000  bibliog- 
raphies, principally  such  as  have  appeared 
since  the  compilation  of  volumes  i  and  2 
(London,  Constable,  iss.).  The  most  impor- 
tant addition  of  the  class  of  national  and  trade 
bibliography  has  been  the  monumental  third 
edition  of  the  "United  States  catalogue"  (Min- 
neapolis, Wilson,  $36),  which  lists  American 
books  in  print  in  1912.  A  seventh  volume  of 
Evans'  "American  bibliography"  has  appeared, 
completing  the  record  of  early  American  pub- 
lications as  far  as  the  year  1789.  A  useful 
tool  to  the  puzzled  user  of  the  various  na- 
tional bibliographies  is  F.  K.  Walter's  "Abbre- 
viations and  technical  terms  used  in  book 
catalogues"  (Boston  Book  Co.,  167  p.  $1.50), 
which  explains  the  bibliographic  terms  used  in 
nine  languages  — -  English,  French,  German, 
Danish-Norwegian,  Dutch,  Italian,  Latin, 
Spanish  and  Swedish.  A  useful  handbook  of 
a  different  type,  indispensable  to  the  bibliog- 
rapher or  cataloger  of  mediaeval  manuscripts 
and  early  printed  books  is  Cappelli's  "Lexicon 
abbreviaturum,"  of  which  a  second  edition, 


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[April,  1913 


revised  and  enlarged,  has  appeared  during  the 
year  (Milan,  Hoepli,  1.  8.50).  A  new  publica- 
tion which  promises  to  be  of  use  to  the  order 
department  of  a  large  library  is  the  "Reper- 
toire international  de  la  libraries  .  .  .  Inter- 
national directory  of  the  book  trade"  (Berne, 
Congres  international  des  editeurs).  The 
title-page  and  explanatory  notes  are  in  three 
languages,  and  the  work  lists  addresses  and 
specialties  of  book  dealers  all  over  the 
world. 

BOOK   SELECTION 

Several  good  guides  for  book  selection  have 
been  published.  The  long-expected  supple- 
ment to  the  "A.  L.  A.  catalog"  brings  that 
work  to  date  and  adds  some  3000  new  titles 
to  the  8000  included  in  the  main  catalog  (Chic., 
A.  L.  A.  Pub.  Beard,  $1.50).  The  second  part 
of  the  new  edition  ©f  Sonnenschein's  "Best 
books"  has  been  issued,  covering  the  impor- 
tant classes  of  the  social  sciences  —  geography, 
ethnology,  travel  and  topography.  A  new 
guide  intended  more  for  the  individual  reader 
than  for  the  librarian,  is  "Books  that  count,  a 
manual  of  standard  books,"  edited  by  W. 
Forbes  Grey  (London,  Black,  6s.).  This  little 
work  gives  titles  and  annotations  for  some 
5000  English  works,  or  English  translations 
of  foreign  works,  which  "present  concisely  the 
general  aspect  of  a  subject  and  are  modern, 
accessible  and  inexpensive." 


LIBRARIES 

Several  handbooks  of  information  about  li- 
braries promise  to  be  of  use.  The  "American 
library  annual,"  of  which  volume  i,  1911,  was 
issued  during  the  year,  differs  from  its  prede- 
cessor, the  "Annual  library  index,"  in  omitting 
the  index  to  periodicals,  which  was  the  leading 
feature  of  the  earlier  series,  and  including  in- 
stead an  enlarged  index  of  dates  and  certain 
new  features,  e.g.,  schedules  of  periodicals  and 
organizations  in  the  library  and  book-trade 
fields,  a  list  of  leading  foreign  libraries,  and  a 
directory  of  publishers  with  statistics  of  books 
issued  by  them  (N.  Y.,  R.  R.  Bowker  Co.,  $5). 
"Library  work  cumulated,  1905-1911,"  (Min- 
neapolis, Wilson,  $4),  furnishes  an  index  in 
one  alphabet  to  the  professional  periodical  lit- 
erature of  six  years,  superseding  the  quarterly 
issues  of  "Library  work"  for  that  period.  Bul- 
letin 23  of  the  Bureau  of  Education,  a  report 
on  "Special  collections  in  libraries  in  the 
U.  S.,"  by  W.  Dawson  Johnston  and  Isadore 
G.  Mudge,  lists  such  collections  by  subject  and 
furnishes  information  on  library  specializa- 
tion which  should  prove  of  use  as  a  guide  for 
research  work  or  inter-library  loans.  For 
French  libraries  the  revised  "Annuaire  des 
bibliotheques  et  des  archives,"  publication  of 
which  had  been  suspended  since  1908,  fur- 
nishes the  usual  official  and  statistical  data, 
and  in  addition  gives  valuable  bibliographical 
lists  of  catalogs  and  other  publications. 


THE   PUBLIC   LIBRARY   AND    PUBLICITY  IN  MUNICIPAL  AFFAIRS* 
BY  JOHN  COTTON  DANA,   Newark  Public  Library 


ON  this  subject  I  have  no  theories  to  ad- 
vance, save  this  very  general  one,  to  which  I 
assume  all  librarians  give  assent: 

"The  librarian  of  a  public  library  is  that 
servant  of  the  community  who  has  in  charge 
sources  of  information — books  and  journals 
of  utility — as  well  as  works  of  art  in  the 
form  of  books  of  literature.  These  sources 
of  information  should  be  such  as  furnish 
facts  about  the  t®wn  or  city  which  supports 
the  library;  not  its  history  only,  by  any 
means,  but  present-day  facts  on  subjects  like 
character  of  population,  industries,  educational 
facilities,  water  supply  and  sanitary  condi- 
tions. The  books  and  journals  of  facts  should 

*  Paper  read  before  the  New  York  Library  Club 
March  13,  1913- 


include  also  statements  from  experts  on  prob- 
lems of  town  development,  like  those  of  pav- 
ing, street  layout,  policing,  fire  protection,  im- 
provement of  water  supply  and  extension  of 
educational  facilities." 

If  the  theory  thus  briefly  stated  is  sound, 
then  every  public  library  should  have  been  a 
bureau  of  municipal  information  and  munici- 
pal research  and  a  general  storehouse  of  civic 
knowledge  long  before  the  so-called  munici- 
pal library  was  ever  mentioned.  So  much  for 
what  librarians  should  have  done  and  did 
not  do. 

THE  CLASSICS  AND  CITIZENSHIP 

Perhaps  one  of  the  most  difficult  problems 
Americans  are  facing  to-day  is  that  of  how 
to  manage  towns  and  cities.  There  is  no 


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199 


short-cut  to  the  solution  of  this  problem. 
New  methods  of  election,  new  forms  of  bal- 
lot, new  kinds  of  primaries,  commission  gov- 
ernment— these  alleged  remedies  are  not  rem- 
edies at  all.  The  only  sure  cure  for  social 
inefficiency  is  increase  of  intelligence  and 
good  will. 

A  city's  public  library  tries  to  help  this 
much-needed  growth  of  intelligence  and  good 
will.  Librarians  have  usually  taken  on  faith 
the  doctrine  that  to  read  the  world's  great 
books  is  to  grow  in  grace  and  social  excel- 
lence, and  have  been  satisfied  if,  through  their 
activities,  they  increased  in  their  respective 
communities  the  amount  of  use  made  of  good 
literature.  Special  emphasis  has  been  placed 
by  them  on  the  salutary  effect  on  the  Amer- 
ican people  of  acquaintance  with  the  world's 
classics.  Now,  I  am  skeptical  of  the  value 
of  acquaintance  with  the  classics  as  an  edu- 
cation in  good  citizenship  or  as  an  incentive 
thereto.  I  believe  there  is  more  inspiration 
to  civic  decency  for  a  child  in  the  story  of 
how  his  community  gets  a  supply  of  pure 
water  than  there  is  in  the  best  fairy  tale  ever 
devised  or  the  noblest  Teutonic  myth  ever 
born. 

A  child  can  be  taught  to  worship,  in  a 
measure,  the  heroes  of  another  country  and 
.another  time;  but  that  worship  will  not  lead 
him  to  refrain  from  sweeping  the  dirt  from 
the  sidewalk  in  front  of  his  tenement  into 
the  street  gutter.  After  imitation  and  habit — 
and  he  finds  in  most  American  cities  few  to 
imitate  and  still  fewer  to  help  him  to  good 
habits  in  civic  cleanliness — the  strongest  im- 
pulse to  consider  his  city's  good  looks  and 
general  well-being  is  knowledge  of  the  why 
and  wherefore  of  affairs,  like  sidewalks, 
streets,  gutters  and  the  cost  of  street  cleaning. 

Good  will  toward  the  community  and  the 
wish  to  serve  it  are  born  of  acquaintance 
with  it,  just  as  affection  for  one's  friends  and 
a  desire  to  help  them  are  born  of  close  in- 
timacy. 

THE     NEWARK     PUBLICITY     PLAN 

Basing  our  work  on  this  theory,  we  have 
in  Newark  been  able,  largely  through  the  in- 
fluence of  the  public  library,  to  put  to  the 
front  a  very  elaborately  conceived  and  elabo- 
rately equipped  enterprise  for  publicity  in 
municipal  affairs. 

The  method  was  as  follows:  Beginning  ten 


years  ago,  the  library  accumulated  municipal 
information.  This  information,  if  not  already 
in  suitable  form  for  young  people's  use,  it 
digested  and  arranged  and  simplified  and  is- 
sued on  sheets  for  general  use,  and  especially 
for  the  use  of  children.  With  the  help  of 
teachers,  an  interest  in  this  information  was 
aroused  among  many  of  the  school  pupils. 
Municipal  affairs  were  used  as  topics  for 
study,  essay  and  discussion. 

This  work  went  on  for  several  years,  in- 
creasing slowly  in  extent  all  the  time.  Finally 
it  took  definite  shape  at  the  hands  of  the 
educational  authorities.  There  was  then  pub- 
lished, in  1912,  a  "Course  of  study  on  the  city 
of  Newark,"  for  use  in  all  the  schools  of  the 
city,  from  the  first  to  the  eighth  grade,  writ- 
ten by  Mr.  J.  Wilmer  Kennedy,  assistant  su- 
perintendent of  public  schools.  This  was  the 
first  complete  thing  of  its  kind,  so  far  as  my 
knowledge  goes,  in  the  history  of  public  edu- 
cation. Accompanying  the  "Course"  itself, 
were  many  supplementary  leaflets  and  appro- 
priate maps. 

We  look  upon  this  as  the  most  valuable 
contribution  to  publicity  in  municipal  affairs 
that  the  Newark  Library  has  had  anything 
to  do  with.  Only  time  will  tell  whether,  be- 
ing pushed  in  the  schools,  it  will  produce  the 
effect  hoped  for. 

If  it  is  successful,  all  future  generations  of 
Newarkers  will,  in  their  very  childhood,  begin 
to  learn  their  city;  will  know  how  it  has 
grown,  why  it  has  grown  as  it  has,  what  it  has 
accomplished,  in  what  it  has  failed,  what  it 
needs,  and  how  the  things  it  needs  can  best  be 
obtained.  Being  thus  informed,  they  will  not 
only  vote  intelligently  once  a  year,  but  will 
also  act  intelligently,  and  with  some  affection 
for  the  city,  on  every  one  of  the  364  days  be- 
tween elections. 

The  titles  of  the  topics  in  this  course  of 
study  and  of  the  accompanying  leaflets  will 
help  one  to  understand  its  scope  and  charac- 
ter. A  few  of  them  are:  Literary  landmarks 
of  Newark,  Men  and  women  of  Newark, 
Juvenile  courts,  shade  trees  and  parks,  Noise 
in  cities,  Transportation,  Milk  supply,  Play- 
grounds. 

THE  BUSINESS   BRANCH 

A  somewhat  different  form  of  publicity  in 
public  and  quasi-public  affairs  has  been  car- 
ried on  for  several  years  in  our  main  library, 


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[April,  1913 


but  more  especially  in  what  we  call  our  Business 
Branch.  At  this  branch  we  not  only  keep  on 
hand  the  kinds  of  information  and  the  kinds 
of  literature  that  we  are  using  in  our  cam- 
paign for  the  promotion  of  city  interest 
among  young  people;  we  have  also  collected 
there  a  large  mass  of  material  having  to  do 
with  what  may  be  called  the  private  interests 
of  Newark  citizens,  their  business  affairs. 

On  the  municipal  or  governmental  side,  we 
include  the  publications  of  the  city  of  Newark, 
the  county  of  Essex  and  the  state  of  New 
Jersey,  the  publications  of  a  good  many  other 
cities  on  those  subjects  in  which  Newark  is 
just  now  particularly  interested,  and  many 
publications  of  state  and  national  govern- 
ments. Maps  of  all  kinds  supplement  this 
material,  especially  maps  of  Newark  and 
Essex  county,  showing  highways,  trolley  lines, 
water  supply,  sewage  equipment,  fire  stations, 
police  stations,  schools,  voting  districts  and 
scores  of  other  things. 

A  vertical  file  contains  newspaper  clippings, 
pamphlets,  programs,  reports  from  special  de- 
partments and  societies,  on  hundreds  of  civic, 
social  and  school  subjects.  This  material  fur- 
nishes definite  information  about  ordinances, 
departmental  organization  and  general  city 
conditions.  All  statements  are  accompanied 
with  references  to  sources. 

Our  periodical  files  give  us  advertisements 
of  public  contracts,  county  court  calendar, 
building  permits,  new  incorporations,  conven- 
tions to  be  held  in  Newark,  quotations  of  lo- 
cal securities,  bankruptcies,  sheriff's  sales,  real 
estate  transfers  and  mortgages,  excise  licenses, 
automobile  licenses  and  bank  statements.  We 
have  ten  real  estate  atlases  covering  Newark, 
New  York  and  vicinity. 

With  this  material  we  have  gathered,  as  I 
have  said,  things  of  interest  to  men  who  are 
engaged  in  business  of  every  kind.  We  col- 
lect business  literature,  finding  its  field,  I  am 
sorry  to  say,  almost  unexplored  by  any  library 
agencies  whatever. 

We  made  quite  a  careful  study  of  industrial 
Newark.  We  sent  circular  letters  on  the  fol- 
low-up system  to  about  2000  of  the  city's 
manufacturers.  We  were  able  from  these  re- 
plies, to  make  quite  a  complete  index  to 
Newark's  industries. 

On  the  work  of  discovering  and  purchasing 
and  arranging  for  use  this  municipal  and 
general  city  improvement  literature  and  this 


business  material,  the  library  spent  a  very 
considerable  sum.  The  use  made  of  it  has 
amply  justified  the  expenditure. 

From  the  point  of  view  of  what  one  may 
call  literary  efficiency,  it  can  be  said  that  this 
kind  of  literature  is  much  more  effective  than 
is  the  "literature  of  the  student,"  so-called.  I 
mean  material  on  the  outer  margin  of  the 
field  of  belles-lettres,  like  volumes  of  com- 
ments on  Dante  or  Shakespeare. 

To  explain  further:  If  one  speaks  of  "re- 
sources for  students"  in  American  libraries, 
you  think  at  once  of  history,  literature,  philol- 
ogy, philosophy,  art,  archaeology,  science  and 
applied  arts,  and  the  mental  picture  is  of  long 
sets  of  proceedings  of  societies  and  of  rare 
and  ancient  volumes.  Slowly,  with  some  re- 
luctance, and  only  after  vigorous  suggestion, 
does  one  think  of  a  "student"  as  one  who  is 
busied  with  yesterday's  books  and  this  morn- 
ing's journals  and  the  advance  sheets  of 
pamphlets  not  yet  issued.  As  all  admit  that 
libraries  should  be  helpful  to  students,  and 
as  students  are  not  easily  conceived  of  in 
terms  of  newspaper  clippings  and  yesterday's 
journals  and  this  morning's  pamphlets  and  of 
directories  of  commerce  and  the  trades,  it  is 
not  strange  that  librarians  have  been  slow  in 
spending  money  and  labor  on  these  things. 

"THE  NEWARKER" 

Our  civic  and  business  material  has  been 
fairly  well  used.  We  feel  sure  it  would  be 
used  more  if  it  were  more  widely  known. 
The  trustees  finally  decided,  at  my  suggestion, 
to  try  to  promote  knowledge  of  the  things  the 
library  possesses  which  are  especially  useful 
to  our  citizens  by  the  publication  of  a  journal. 
As  this  journal  was  to  appear  in  an  industrial 
city,  and  as  it  was  to  exploit  civic  and  indus- 
trial sources  of  information,  it  was  decided 
to  make  it  the  opposite  of  academic — to  de- 
vote its  pages  largely  to  civic  and  industrial 
news  and  the  discussion  of  city  problems.  It 
was  hoped  that  in  this  way  it  would  win 
gradually  a  fairly  wide  range  of  readers,  and 
that  those  readers,  noting  that  their  public 
library  publishes  a  journal  full  of  municipal 
and  business  news,  would  come  to  realize  that 
the  library  possesses  this  kind  of  news — and 
then  would  be  induced  to  use  it. 

It  was  not  supposed  that  our  journal,  now 
fifteen  months  old,  would  make  any  notable 
contributions  to  the  literature  either  of  busi- 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


2O I 


ness  or  of  city  government.  It  continues,  on 
the  one  hand,  the  kind  of  work  already  spoken 
of  which  led  to  the  establishment  of  the 
course  of  study  on  Newark  in  the  schools, 
and  on  the  other  hand,  the  kind  of  work  that 
led  to  the  accumulation  of  our  large  mass  of 
Newark  business  information.  Its  basic  pur- 
pose is  always  to  advertise  the  library  to  the 
citizens.  It  is  a  new  thing,  quite  new.  The 
question  of  what  information  it  shall  give  and 
what  subjects  it  shall  discuss  is  a  difficult  one, 
to  be  met  afresh  every  month. 

It  has  been,  on  the  side  of  subscriptions, 
moderately  successful  only.  The  number  of 
copies  usually  printed  is  1500.  It  has  dis- 
tributed 2000,  3000  and  6500  on  specific  occa- 
sions. 

One  cannot  say  positively  that  it  is  doing 
the  work  that  it  was  hoped  it  might  do;  but 
we  believe  that  it  is. 

I  notice  a  decidedly  "literary"  tendency 
among  librarians,  and  a  very  natural  tendency 
it  is.  When  reference  is  made,  in  conversa- 
tion or  in  public  meetings,  to  the  business  side 
of  life  and  the  library's  relation  to  it,  some 
eager  friend  of  culture  usually  goes  through 
the  appropriate  incantations,  calls  up  the 
ghosts  of  the  classics,  and,  in  their  name, 
exhorts  his  fellows  not  to  forget  that,  after 
all,  the  world  is  made  good  by  doing  good, 
and  that  the  soul  is  more  than  bread  and  but- 
ter, and  that  "the  light  that  never  was  on 
sea  or  land"  is  more  important  than  a  good 
supply,  at  a  fair  price,  of  electric  current. 

I  have  no  particular  objections  to  this 
method  of  justifying  one's  conservation,  of 
making  still  more  comfortable  one's  comfort- 
able adjustment  to  things  as  they  are.  I  will 
say,  however,  that  I  would  be  very  sorry 
if  I  missed,  in  a  discussion  of  this  or  of  any 
similar  presentation  of  the  utilitarian  work 
which  awaits  all  librarians  in  public  libraries, 
allusions  to  spirituality,  vitality,  culture, 
breadth,  literature  of  power,  and  other  things 
familiar  to  those  who  deal  in  flap-doodle. 


THE  BROOKLYN  LIBRARY  TRAINING 
CLASS 

THE  Training  Oass  of  the  Brooklyn  Public 
Library  has  this  year  entered  upon  a  new 
phase  of  ks  existence.  By  mutual  agreement, 
and,  we  hope,  for  the  mutual  benefit  of  the 
two  parties  concerned,  the  Brooklyn  Public 
Library  allows  the  Training  Class  to  serve 
as  the  practice  school  for  the  normal  course 


offered  by  the  Pratt  Institute  School  of  Li- 
brary Science,  and  the  Pratt  Institute  School, 
in  turn,  holds  itself  responsible  for  the  theo- 
retical instruction  and  training  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Training  Class.  The  first  class 
under  this  arrangement  has  just  completed 
the  period  of  instruction. 

The  course  of  preparation  is  s-even  months 
in  length.  For  many  reasons  it  was  thought 
best  to  draw  a  sharp  line  of  division  be- 
tween the  instruction  or  class  work,  and  the 
practical  work  in  the  branches,  the  first  four 
months  being  devoted  entirely  to  instruc- 
tion, and  the  following  three  to  branch 
work.  By  this  plan,  the  apprentices  work  at 
greater  advantage,  as  they  do  not  have  to  turn 
constantly  from  one  kind  of  work  to  another ; 
and,  moreover,  they  begin  their  branch  work 
with  a  fair  knowledge  of  library  tools  and 
library  methods,  and  an  appreciation  of  the 
policy  and  spirit  of  library  work  to-day. 

From  the  start  they  have  been  put  on  full 
library  time  of  forty-two  hours  a  week.  On 
three  days  in  the  week — Mondays,  Wednes- 
days and  Fridays — they  have  met  at  the  Pa- 
cific Branch  Library  for  class  work.  On  the 
intervening  days  they  have  been  scheduled  at 
certain  selected  branches,  where  they  studied 
and  prepared  their  lessons,  looked  up  answers 
to  reference  questions  and  did  required  read- 
ing. On  class  days,  the  hours  were  from  nine 
to  one,  and  from  two  to  six.  On  Tuesdays 
and  Thursdays,  the  hours  were  from  nine  to 
one,  and  from  two  to  five ;  on  Saturdays,  from 
nine  to  one,  thus  giving  a  weekly  half-holiday. 
At  the  branches  they  were  required  to  sign 
time  sheets,  as  a  regular  staff  assistant  is. 

On  the  class  days,  lectures  and  recitations 
have  been,  so  far  as  possible,  confined  to  the 
morning.  There  have  been  usually  four  lec- 
ture periods,  of  fifty  minutes  each,  with  a 
ten-minute  intermission  for  rest  and  relaxa- 
tion, thorough  airing  of  the  room,  etc.  The 
schedule  has  been  planned  to  vary  the  class 
work  and  prevent  two  class  periods  of  the 
same  nature  coming  together  on  the  program. 
A  recitation  and  quiz  on  assigned  work  has 
been  followed  by  a  lecture  with  note-taking; 
this,  in  turn,  has  been  followed  by  reports 
and  discussions;  and  this,  again,  by  another 
lecture.  To  these  two  things — the  regular  in- 
termission and  the  variation  of  the  schedule — 
I  attribute  the  fact  that  has  been  commented 
upon  by  visiting  librarians,  that  the  students 
seemed  as  fresh  and  alert  and  interested  at 
the  end  of  the  morning  as  they  were  to  begin 
with.  Moreover,  there  has  not  been  a  single 
case  of  illness,  although  the  work  has  pushed 
the  students  pretty  hard,  and  the  weather  has 
been  unseasonable  and  trying.  The  afternoons 
have  been  given  to  such  work  as  classification 
and  cataloging,  where  it  seemed  necessary  to 
have  the  students  work  on  the  same  sort  of 
books.  This  work  would  not  have  been  pos- 
sible at  the  separate,  assigned  branches. 

The  course  of  instruction — the  subjects  in- 
cluded, the  number  of  lectures  in  each  subject 


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[April,  1913 


and  its  plan  of  development,  the  general  trend 
of  the  whole  course — was  carefully  worked 
out  upon  a  basis  of  suggestions  made  by  the 
librarian  and  heads  of  departments  of  the 
Brooklyn  Public  Library.  All  instruction  in 
definite,  practical  details  of  library  work  was 
omitted,  as  this  was  thought  to  belong  prop- 
erly to  the  second  part  of  the  course.  It  was 
the  expressed  wish  of  the  library  staff  that 
this  four-months'  instruction  period  should 
give  the  apprentices  familiarity  with  the  re- 
sources of  a  branch  library,  a  practiced  use 
of  its  reference  collection,  as  wide  a  knowl- 
edge as  possible  of  books  and  magazine  liter- 
ature, some  idea  of  the  extent  of  the  library 
movement  and  the  present  aims  of  a  public 
library  work,  and  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
the  Brooklyn  Public  Library  system.  To 
what  extent  the  wish  has  been  fulfilled,  this 
report  will  attempt  to  show. 

The  course,  as  finally  approved  by  Dr.  Hill, 
is  as  follows : 

Bibliography     26  lectures 

Classification     25  lectures 

Branch    work 23  lectures 

Reference    work 20  lectures 

Cataloging     25  lectures 

Work    with    children 16  lectures 

History    of    libraries 1 1  lectures 

Current    topics 15  periods 

161 

Underlying  all  the  teaching  has  been  the 
hope  to  accomplish  three  things: 

First. — To  foster  and  develop  a  personal 
love  of  books  and  reading. 

Second. — To  arouse  a  real  interest  in  library 
work,  especially  the  type  of  work  done  in  a 
branch  library. 

Third. — To  strengthen  those  qualities  most 
desirable  in  library  assistants,  and  develop 
the  individual  personality  of  each  student. 

The  necessity  of  personal  reading  was 
urged  continually,  and  especial  emphasis  was 
laid  upon  it  in  the  lecture  on  loan  work  and 
personal  aid  to  readers.  Discussions  on  in- 
dividual b©oks  were  introduced  at  any  point 
when  the  interest  seemed  to  warrant  it,  in- 
teresting books  were  constantly  referred  to, 
and  many  incidents  connected  with  individual 
books  related  to  attract  attention  to  the  books. 
Such  methods,  more  of  the  nature  of  sugges- 
tion than  anything  else,  seem  to  have  met 
with  a  certain  amount  of  success. 

The  students  were  asked  to  hand  in  lists  of 
the  books  they  had  read,  for  pleasure  and 
outside  of  the  work,  during  the  four  months 
of  the  training  course.  It  was  thought  that 
these  lists  might  show  how  much  time  was 
available  for  reading. 

The  lists  varied  greatly,  but  were  most  in- 
teresting to  examine,  and  are  evidence  not 
only  of  the  desire  to  read,  but  also  of  the 
power  of  suggestion. 

The  students  have  had  heavy  required  read- 
ing. They  read  Davenport's  "The  book," 
Larned's  "Books,  culture  and  character," 
Bostwick's  "American  public  library,"  Bliss 
Carman's  "Making  of  a  personality."  They 


read  two  children's  books  each  week,  and  were 
referred  to  many  magazine  articles  in  con- 
nection with  individual  lectures. 

In  length,  the  lists  varied  from  two  to  nine 
books,  averaging  six.  The  longer  lists  con- 
tained the  larger  proportion  of  fiction,  as  one 
might  expect,  but  the  fiction  was  generally 
good.  There  were  very  few  books  that  could 
be  classed  as  mediocre.  In  general,  they 
seemed  to  have  followed  a  suggestion  that  it 
was  wise  for  a  loan  desk  assistant  to  read  a 
representative  book  of  as  many  authors  as 
possible,  because  it  gave  the  assistant  as  many 
points  of  contact  with  readers. 

Interest  in  library  work  has  been  developed 
largely  through  the  courses  in  branch  work' 
and  history  of  libraries,  and  through  outside 
visits.  Three  visits  were  made:  to  the  head- 
quarters building,  to  the  traveling  libraries 
department,  and  to  the  publishers'  exhibit  in 
New  York  City. 

The  students  were  invited  to  attend  the  lec- 
tures by  visiting  librarians  at  Pratt  Institute; 
and  also  attended  the  November  meeting  of 
the  Long  Island  Library  Club,  where  they 
heard  Mr.  Legler  speak. 

So  far  as  possible,  the  personal,  human  side 
of  a  subject  has  been  presented  in  all  the 
work. 

The  spirit  of  work  has  been  good,  the  re- 
quired   reading  has    been    done   thoughtfully, 
and  there  has  seemed  to  be  evidence  of  gen- 
uine interest  on  the  part  of  the  students.   - 
JULIA  A.  HOPKINS, 

Instructor  in  Charge  of  the  Normal  Course, 
Pratt  Institute  School  of  Library  Science. 

NEW     YORK    STATE     SCHOOL 
LIBRARIES 

THE  purpose  of  the  School  Libraries  Divi- 
sion of  the  New  York  State  Education  De- 
partment may  perhaps  be  misunderstood  by 
some  people.  The  division  has  to  do  solely 
with  school  libraries,  and  does  not  in  any 
sense  conflict  with  the  public  libraries;  on 
the  contrary,  it  seeks  to  work  in  the  utmost 
harmony  with  them.  We  are  desirous  of 
having  the  school  library  serve  as  a  commu- 
nity library,  as  well  in  localities  where  there 
is  no  public  library,  and  toward  this  end  we 
are  working  in  harmony  and  accord  with 
the  State  Library.  Its  Division  of  Educa- 
tional Extension  will  send  a  free  traveling 
library  of  twenty-five  volumes  to  each  school 
district  asking  for  it.  We  are  urging  districts 
to  ask  for  these  traveling  libraries.  There 
are  three  reasons  for  this: 

First,  it  will  add  to  the  strength  and  use- 
fulness of  the  school  library. 
.     Second,  it  will  be  of  special  value  where 
the  school  library  is  also  a  community  library. 

Third,  it  will  tend  to  create  a  public  senti- 
ment that  may  result  in  a  public  town  library, 
leaving  the  school  district  free  to  devote  all 
its  energies  to  the  upbuilding  of  the  library 
intended  solely  for  school  use. 


April,  1913-] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


203 


These  traveling  libraries  are  being  called 
for  more  and  more,  and  we  confidently  ex- 
pect to  see  several  thousand  of  them  in  the 
field  in  the  not  far  distant  future. 

The  work  of  building  up  is  a  slow  process. 
So  far,  our  work  has  been  mainly  done  in 
the  elementary  schools,  and  has  largely  con- 
cerned itself  with  making  a  better  selection 
of  books.  Very  few  books,  if  any,  that  are 
in  themselves  objectionable  have  found  their 
way  into  the  school  libraries.  This  has  been 
pretty  carefully  looked  after.  However,  it 
has  often  happened  that  the  books  selected 
have 'not  been  those  that  were  most  useful 
for  the  particular  school  that  was  to  use 
them.  The  books  purchased  might  be  largely 
for  pupils  of  the  seventh  or  eighth  grades 
when  there  were  no  pupils  in  the  school  above 
the  sixth  grade.  This  often  happened.  To 
obviate  this,  we  required  a  statement  of  the 
number  of  pupils  in  each  grade,  but  this  only 
partially  solved  the  problem.  We  could,  of 
course,  decline  to  approve  books  suitable  for 
pupils  of  a  grade  of  which  there  were  none 
in  the  school,  but  then  came  up  the  question 
of  seeing  that  the  pupils  of  each  grade 
secured  a  fair  share  of  attention.  Here  we 
were  at  a  loss,  because  we  did  not  know  what 
books  were  already  in  the  library,  the  Capitol 
fire  having  destroyed  all  our  records.  It 
seemed  too  much  to  ask  that  a  list  of  books 
in  the  library  be  sent  us  from  each  of  the 
10,000  school  districts  in  the  state,  and  if  we 
had  them  a  comparison  of  all  lists  with  the 
lists  of  books  already  in  the  library  would 
be  a  pretty  onerous  task.  Clearly  some  new 
scheme  must  be  devised. 

On  the  first  of  January,  1912,  a  new  system 
of  supervision  of  schools  went  into  effect  in 
our  state.  Two  hundred  and  seven  district 
superintendents  were  elected;  each  one  has 
the  supervision  of  about  50  teachers.  These 
officers  have  supervision  of  all  the  schools  of 
the  state  except  those  in  the  cities  and  vil- 
lages of  5000  inhabitants  or  more  which  each 
employ  a  superintendent.  These  district  su- 
perintendents are  elected  for  five  years.  They 
are  required  to  give  all  their  time  to  school 
work,  and  certain  educational  qualifications 
are  demanded  of  them.  This  change  in  our 
system  gave  us  a  new  opportunity.  After 
mature  consideration,  it  has  been  ordered  that 
no  requisition  for  funds  toward  the  purchase 
of  books  by  a  school  trustee  will  be  approved 
unless  the  district  superintendent  certifies  that 
in  his  judgment  the  books  selected  are  adapted 
for  use  in  the  particular  school  for  which 
they  are  purchased.  It  may  not  be  known 
that  in  New  York  the  trustee  may  order 
books  for  his  school  library  each  year  to  the 
amount  of  $40  or  more,  the  amount  being 
determined  by  the  number  of  teachers  em- 
ployed and  the  grade  of  the  school,  and  that 
the  state  will  meet  half  the  expense  if  the 
books  selected  are  approved  by  the  School 
Libraries  Division. 

We  feel  that  we  have  this  particular  phase 


of  the  library  in  pretty  fair  shape,  but,  of 
course,  the  great  problem  is  not  getting  the 
books  of  the  right  kind,  but  insuring  their 
proper  use.  Here  we  are  still  weak.  Teach- 
ers do  not  know  how  to  do  this  work,  be- 
cause it  has  not  heretofore  been  demanded 
of  them.  They  have  had  but  little  opportunity 
to  prepare  themselves.  Our  normal  schools, 
in  their  regular  courses,  have  done  but  little, 
and  our  training  classes  have  done  nothing  at 
all.  It  is  because  they  have  not  been  asked 
to  do  so.  There  has  been.no  demand  for  such 
work. 

The  following  unsolved  problems  are  still 
before  us : 

1.  To  provide  in  all  our  professional  schools 
for  teachers  such  a  course  as  will  fit  them  to 
look  after  the  training  of  the  children  in  the 
way  of  developing  a  taste  for  good  literature 
as  thoroughly  as  they  are  trained  to  do  the 
other  work  of  the  school. 

2.  Some  kind  of  efficient  supervision  of  the 
work    done    in    this    particular    in    the    rural 
schools,   and  some  help  given  them  through 
teachers'  meetings,  or  the  visitation  of  their 
schools,  or  both.    Possibly  this  may  ultimately 
be  done  by  the  district  superintendents,  but  at 
present  they  have  had  no  special  training  for 
this  work. 

3.  The  appointment  of  trained  school  libra- 
rians  for  all  high  schools  in  cities  and  vil- 
lages, who  will  give  their  entire  time  to  li- 
brary work. 

There  are  no  insurmountable  difficulties  in 
the  way  of  the  solution  of  these  problems, 
and  we  are  confident  of  success  at  an  early 
date.  SHF,RWIN  WILLIAMS, 

Chief  School  Library  Division,  Education 
Dept.,  N.  Y.  State  L. 


A  LIBRARY   COURSE  FOR  NORMAL 
SCHOOLS 

REPORT  OF  THE  LIBRARY  SECTION  OF  THE  N.  E.  A., 
JUNE,    IQI2 

WHAT  piece  of  work  will  contribute  most 
to  the  normal  school  libraries  of  the  country? 
This  was  the  first  question  to  be  considered 
by  the  normal  school  committee.  In  order 
to  answer  the  question,  it  was  necessary  to 
know,  first,  something  of  the  present  needs 
and  conditions  of  normal  school  libraries,  and, 
second,  what  has  been  contributed  by  former 
library  sessions  of  the  N.  E.  A. 

Two  or  three  investigations  have  been  made, 
none  of  them  very  thorough  or  exhaustive,  of 
normal  school  library  conditions  over  the 
country.  The  results  have  not  been  published, 
except  as  they  have  appeared  in  a  general 
way  in  papers  and  before  the  N.  E.  A.  But 
the  investigations  have  shown  something  of 
the  tremendous  awakening  of  interest  in  the 
subject  since  the  first  report  on  the  introduc- 
tion of  library  administration  into  normal 
schools,  made  by  Miss  Baldwin  for  the  N. 
E.  A.  in  1006. 


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[April,  1913 


In  the  very  beginnings  of  normal  school 
library  awakening,  about  ten  years  ago,  there 
were  two  or  three  pioneer  librarians  trying 
to  introduce  library  instruction  into  the  nor- 
mal schools.  Since  then,  one  or  more  schools 
-in  practically  every  state  in  the  country  are 
doing  something  to  teach  students  the  use  of 
books  and  the  library.  Inquiries  from  schools 
contemplating  library  courses  have  come  from 
all  parts  of  the  country  to  the  few  schools 
giving  courses.  For  the  last  five  years,  re- 
quests have  been  very  great  for  printed  out- 
lines of  the  courses  given.  Because  of  this 
great  demand  for  a  printed  course  of  study, 
the  committee  decided  upon  outlining  a  sug- 
gestive library  course  for  normal  schools  as 
its  piece  of  work  for  the  year. 

This  outline  does  not  take  the  place  of  pre- 
vious courses  that  have  been  printed.  Some 
excellent  handbooks  have  been  prepared  that 
are  valuable  for  use  in  the  technical  side  of 
the  work,  among  them  Miss  Salisbury's,  of 
the  Whitewater  Normal  School,  Wis.,  and 
Miss  Baldwin's  prepared  for  the  N.  E.  A. 
Mr.  Ward's  handbook,  "Practical  use  of  books 
and  libraries,"  and  the  Newark  Public  Library 
"Course  of  study  in  the  use  of  a  library,"  are 
admirable  guides  in  teaching  the  use  of  a 
library  and  of  reference  books.  But  there  is 
as  yet  no  handbook  that  outlines  a  course  of 
lessons  on  children's  literature,  or  a  course 
of  library  lessons  for  children.  The  library 
instruction  needs  of  the  normal  school  student 
are  different  from  those  of  the  high  school 
or  college  student.  The  high  school,  college 
and  normal  school  student  all  need  prelimin- 
ary library  instruction  in  how  to  use  books 
and  how  to  use  the  library.  In  addition  to 
this,  every  normal  school  student  needs  to 
know  children's  books  and  how  to  teach  li- 
brary lessons  to  children.  A  few  normal 
students,  who  elect  such  a  course,  should  have 
technical  instruction  that  will  prepare  them 
to  organize  and  administer  a  small  school 
library. 

The  course  submitted  by  this  committee 
outlines  in  brief  the  library  instruction  that 
should  be  required  of  every  normal  school 
student,  and  suggests,  in  addition,  the  tech- 
nical course  to  prepare  students  to  take 
charge  of  small  school  libraries.  The  sug- 
gested course,  in  fuller  form,  with  assign- 
ments, reading  lists,  and  methods  of  giving 
the  lessons,  is  in  separate  form  and  is  being 
prepared  for  printing  in  pamphlet  form  for 
the  use  of  school  librarians  and  teachers. 

COURSES    IN    LIBRARY    INSTRUCTION    FOR    NORMAL 
SCHOOLS 

General  course  required  of  every  graduate 

The  aims  of  this  course  are: 

a.  To  make  new  students  at  home  in  the 
library  by  teaching  them  to  find  what  they 
need  without  waste  of  time,  and  to  use  the 
reference  books  and  keys  of  the  library  in- 
telligently. 


b.  To  acquaint  graduating  students  with  the 
best    books    for    supplementary    and    outside 
reading  in  the  grades,  that  they  may  be  pre- 
pared to  select  the  books  for  a  school  library 
and  to  direct  the  reading  of  children. 

c.  To  prepare  students  to  teach  children  in 
the  grades  how  to  use  books  and  the  library. 

/.  Ten  or  more  lessons  for  new  students  on 
the  use  of  th?  library: 

1.  Arrangement  of  the  library;  explanation 
of  the  decimal  classification,  call  numbers  of 
books,  location  of  different  classes  of  books, 
pamphlets,  picture  collection,  etc. 

2.  Use  of  the  card  catalog. 

3.  Use  of  periodical  indexes. 

4.  Use    of   bibliographies,    such   as    Buffalo- 
Public  Library  subject  index;   Salisbury,  In- 
dex to  short  stories;  Granger,  Index  to  po- 
etry, etc. 

5.  Intelligent    use    of    a    book;    title    page, 
preface,  index,  table  of  contents. 

6.  Use  of  general  reference  books;  diction- 
aries, cyclopedias,  gazetteers,  year-books,  etc.. 

The  entering  class  may  be  divided  into  sec- 
tions containing  15  or  20  students,  and  the 
lessons  given  to  small  groups  of  new  students 
conducted  through  the  library  or  seated 
around  a  table  for  explanations.  The  lessons 
should  be  made  practical  laboratory  exer- 
cises. For  example,  in  the  lesson  on  the  card 
catalog,  all  the  trays  from  the  catalog  can 
be  placed  on  the  table,  and  after  general  ex- 
planation of  the  cards,  each  student  may  find 
in  his  own  tray  an  example  of  the  different 
kinds  of  cards,  in  answer  to  questions  pre- 
viously made  out  for  this  tray.  This  is  an 
example  of  such  a  set  of  questions  prepared 
for  the  drawer  containing  the  letters  P-R: 

How  many  books  has  the  library  by  Edgar 
Allan  Poe? 

Is  there  a  life  of  Poe  in  the  library? 

Who  is  the  author,  and  what  is  the  call  num- 
ber of  the  "Passing  of  Thomas"? 

Find  two  books  about  Robin  Hood. 

Find  two  books  containing  chapters  about 
Robin  Hood. 

What  bound  volumes  has  the  library  of  the 
Pedagogical  Seminary? 

How  many  books  has  the  library  of  the  Pic- 
turesque Geographical  Readers? 

Under  what  other  subjects  would  you  find 
books  related  to  physical  education? 

Give  the  number  of  volumes,  publisher,  and 
date  of  publication  of  Roosevelt's  "Winning, 
of  the  west,"  and  is  it  illustrated? 

As  a  practical  review  at  the  end  of  this 
course,  a  topic  for  research  may  be  assigned, 
so  that  the  students  may  learn  to  exhaust  the 
resources  of  the  library  in  both  books  and 
periodical  literature  on  their  particular  sub- 
jects. The  topics  assigned  can  be  chosen 
from  those  used  by  the  method  and  critic 
teachers  in  their  regular  work,  such  as: 
Booker  T.  Washington,  Christmas,  Lumber- 
ing, New  York  city,  Silk  industry. 


April,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


205 


These  reading  lists,  when  completed,  may 
be  put  on  file  in  the  library  for  the  future  use 
of  teachers  and  the  librarian  in  looking  for 
material  on  these  subjects.  The  student  learns 
from  such  a  problem  how  and  where  to  look 
for  material  on  any  subject,  and  how  to  save 
time  by  using  all  kinds  of  indexes  as  short- 
cuts and  aids.  After  looking  up  material  on 
one  subject,  he  should  feel  at  home  in  the 
library  and  be  able  to  find  for  himself  ma- 
terial for  debates,  or  for  special  research 
topics  in  method  classes. 

//.  Ten   or  more  lessons  for  the  graduating 
class: 

1.  Helps  in  the  selection  of  books  for  the 
school  library ;  discussion  of  some  of  the  best 
classified  and  graded  lists  of  children's  books, 
e.g.,  Buffalo  classroom  libraries,  Miss  Hewins' 
"Books  for  children." 

2.  Principles    to   guide    in    the    selection    of 
books    for    children:    Collections    of    poetry, 
nature  books,  fairy  tales,  fiction,  picture  books, 
biography  and  travel,  history,  etc.     Some  of 
the  best  books  in  each  class  should  be  dis- 
cussed and  compared  with  some  cheap,  worth- 
less examples,  and  a  standard  thus  gained  in 
the  selection  of  books.     For  example,  in  pic- 
ture books,  some  exquisite  editions,  illustrated 
by    real    children's    artists,    such    as    Howard 
Pyle,  Walter  Crane  and  Jessie  Wilcox  Smith, 
can  be  shown  in  class,  and  the  work  of  these 
illustrators  compared  with  some  cheap  imita- 
tions and  with  picture  books  of  the  Sunday 
supplement  type. 

3.  Lessons  to  give  children  on  the  use  of 
books:  Use  of  dictionary,  index,  table  of  con- 
tents, catalog,  treatment  of  books,  etc. 

4.  Pictures  for  school  work.     Sources  for 
obtaining  pictures,  classification,  arrangement 
and  indexing. 

5.  Cooperation  of  teachers  with  the  public 
library. 

6.  Library    helps    the    teachers    may   obtain 
from  the  state. 

Students  should  read  several  children's 
books  and  make  reports  of  different  kinds 
upon  them.  One  report  may  be  from  the 
point  of  view  of  the  teacher,  giving  the  liter- 
ary estimate  of  the  book  and  its  use  in  school 
work.  The  following  outline  may  be  used  as 
a  suggestion  for  reports  of  this  kind: 

I.  Kind  of  book. 

Fairy  story,  myth,  hero  story,  nature  or 
animal  story,  book  of  travel,  history,  or  biog- 
raphy. 

If  a  story,  is  it  about  home  life,  school  life, 
sea,  war,  adventure,  etc. 

II.  Literary  merit  of  the  book. 

Plot:  Is  it  loose,  simple,  complex,  involved, 
impossible,  overdrawn,  etc. 

Characters :  Wholesome,  natural,  well-bred, 
too  good,  morbid,  lifelike,  well-drawn,  etc. 


Motive  or  theme:  Human  sympathy,  moral 
courage,  valor,  friendship,  character  building, 
commonplace,  etc. 

Style:  Is  the  English  correct,  pure,  slangy, 
babyish,  in  dialect;  language  figurative,  con- 
versational ;  vocabulary  simple,  stimulating 

III.  Use  of  the  book. 

Adapted  to  what  age;  most  interesting  to 
boys  or  girls;  for  children's  outside  reading, 
supplementary  reading  in  school,  for  story 
telling,  reading  aloud,  dramatization,  intensive 
study. 

IV.  Physical  make-up  of  the  book. 
Binding,  paper,  type,  index,  illustrations. 

V.  Estimate  of  the  book. 

Another  kind  of  report  may  be  made  for 
the  purpose  of  introducing  the  child  to  the 
book  and  making  him  wish  to  read  it.  Book 
reports  of  both  kinds  should  be  given  in 
class,  and  the  students  should  also  observe 
book  talks  given  to  the  children  in  the  grades 
of  the  training  school. 

The  students  should  also  give  practice  les- 
sons to  the  children,  or  see  such  lessons  given. 
In  the  first  three  grades,  library  lessons  may 
be  given  on  how  to  care  for  books,  and  how 
to  open  a  new  book.  Beginning  with  the 
fourth  grade,  lessons  may  be  given  on  the 
arrangement  of  books,  call-numbers,  the  use 
of  the  catalog,  the  dictionary,  and  the  use  of 
the  title  page,  index  and  table  of  contents. 
The  7th  and  8th  grades  and  the  first  two 
years  of  high  school  should  have  lessons  on 
reference  books  and  periodical  indexes. 

In  addition  to  these  library  lessons,  the 
reading  interest  of  the  children  may  be 
aroused  and  directed  by  means  of  a  library 
period  each  week.  Student  teachers  should 
always  be  present  at  these  periods  in  the  li- 
brary and  help  the  children  to  find  books. 

///.  Course  for  teacher-librarians. 

This  is  an  elective  course  of  two  years,  open 
to  ten  or  fifteen  students.  The  minimum  re- 
quirement for  entrance  should  be  a  high 
school  course,  including  four  years  of  Eng- 
lish. The  aim  of  this  course  is  to  prepare 
teachers  to  direct  the  reading  of  children  in 
the  grades,  to  give  lessons  in  the  grades  and 
high  school  on  the  use  of  books  and  the  li- 
brary, and  to  administer  a  small  school  library 
in  addition  to  some  teaching  of  high  school 
English  or  history.  A  graduate  from  this 
course  should  receive  a  teacher's  license,  and 
is  not  fitted  to  fill  a  public  library  position. 

This  course  gives  one  period  a  day  during 
the  two  years  to  library  instruction  or  prac- 
tical work.  It  includes  instruction  and  prac- 
tice in  cataloging,  classification  and  all  the 
technical  processes  of  library  work,  a  course 
in  children's  literature,  and  practice  teaching 
of  library  lessons  in  the  grades  and  high 
school. 


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[April,  1913 


THE    PHILADELPHIA     PEDAGOGICAL 
LIBRARY  AND  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 

IF  you  are  to  understand  the  relation  of  the 
Pedagogical  Library  to  the  public  schools,  I 
must  begin  at  the  foundation  of  the  entire 
public  school  system  —  the  Department  of  Su- 
perintendence—  which  consists  of  the  superin- 
tendent of  schools,  the  associate  superintend- 
ents, each  one  of  whom  is  in  charge  of  a.  spe- 
cial phase  or  phases  of  educational  activity; 
the  directors  of  drawing,  music,  kindergarten, 
domestic  science,  physical  training,  and  the 
district  superintendents  who  are  responsible  to 
the  superintendent,  each  for  the  schools  of  a 
particular  section  of  the  city,  each  section  pre- 
senting in  addition  to  its  common  problems  the 
social  problems  peculiar  to  its  geographic  and 
industrial  environment.  The  men  and  women 
of  the  Department  of  Superintendence  not  only 
lead  the  advanced  thought  of  our  own  com- 
munity, but  to  a  large  degree,  by  their  orig- 
inal investigation,  psychological  studies,  and 
collections  of  statistical  data,  influence  edu- 
cational progress  throughout  the  country. 
Such  a  valuable  compilation  as  Dr.  John  P. 
Garber's  "Current  educational  activities,"  pub- 
lished annually,  is  made  possible  only  by  a 
collection  such  as  the  Pedagogical  Library 
affords, 

The  experience  of  other  communties  is  also 
given  careful  consideration,  and  for  this  pur- 
pose we  have  collected  federal,  state  and  city 
educational  and  industrial  statistics,  reports 
and  newly  enacted  laws;  reports  and  mono- 
graphs of  the  various  educational  associations 
and  "foundations";  city  school  curricula,  as 
well  as  a  large  collection  of  pamphlet  litera- 
ture. 

Every  day  come  periodicals  with  articles 
bearing  directly  on  school  problems  —  articles 
on  School  hygiene,  Instruction  in  morals, 
Open-air  schools,  Scientifically  constructed 
furniture,  Floor  oils,  (Quiet  zones,  Standardiza- 
tion of  reports,  Measurements  of  educational 
efficiency,  etc.,  all  of  which  are  immediately 
brought  to  the  notice  of  the  superintendent  or 
director  interested  especially  in  that  field  of 
activity. 

From  the  foregoing  you  will  see  that  its  ref- 
erence feature  alone  would  justify  the  exist- 
ence of  a  library  such  as  ours. 

And  now  let  us  consider  the  relation  of  the 
Pedagogical  Library  directly  with  the  schools. 
You  will  ask,  how  can  a  library  tucked  away 
on  the^  sixth  floor  of  the  City  Hall,  a  library 
consisting  of  one  room  in  which  are  also  the 
offices  of  five  members  of  the  Department  of 
Superintendence,  a  library  fitted  up  by  the 
City  Fathers  with  closed  cases  bearing  locks 
of  such  peculiarly  sensitive  and  contrary  na- 
ture that  they  open  only  to  the  practiced  hand 
—  how  can  a  library  so  situated  and  with  a 
force  insufficient  to  make  the  personal  tie  a 
verity  —  how  can  it  bear  a  useful  relation  to 
our  active,  busy  schools?  I  put  that  question 
to  myself  continually  during  the  school  year, 


and  I  answer  it,  in  part,  by  getting  our  re- 
sources to  the  time-pressed  teacher  with  the 
least  possible  formality  and  delay, 

Though  the  Pedagogical  Library  is  sur- 
rounded by  municipal  bureaus  with  their  at- 
tendant red  tape,  any  one  who  says  that  he  or 
she  is  a  Philadelphia  teacher,  a  high  school 
pupil,  a  student  of  the  Department  of  Pedag- 
ogy of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  a  can- 
didate for  examination  by  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation, a  member  of  a  Home  and  School 
League,  of  the  Public  Education  Association, 
any  one  of  these  is  eligible  to  use  the  library 
without  the  formality  of  an  application  card 
or  a  guarantor's  certificate.  And  I  rejoice  to 
tell  you  that  in  only  one  case  in  five  years  has 
this  privilege  been  abused.  (And  in  this  in- 
stance the  borrower  was  introduced  by  one 
of  the  superintendents!) 

Every  book  in  the  library  is  accessioned, 
shelf-listed  and  cataloged,  but  contrary  to  the 
instruction  received  in  our  library  school  days, 
it  need  not  have  suffered  any  one  of  these 
maladies  before  starting  to  run  its  course  of 
usefulness,  although  only  in  cases  of  real  need 
does  a  book  escape  the  customary  quarantine. 

The  response  to  our  informal  methods  has 
been  remarkable.  The  circulation  is  increas- 
ing steadily  and  the  figures  do  not  begin  to 
tell  the  story  of  our  growth.  Scarcely  a  book 
is  returned  without  the  explanation  tfiat  if  it 
is  overdue  it  is  because  "almost  all  the  other 
teachers  in  our  school  wanted  to  read  it." 
This  is  hard  on  statistics,  but  it  means  real 
usefulness. 

While  the  Pedagogical  Library  has  on  its 
shelves  or  in  circulation  the  best  educational 
thought  on  school  administration,  classroom 
management  and  methods  of  teaching,  no- 
where is  the  changed  attitude  of  the  school- 
master more  noticeable  than  in  the  books 
he  reads.  Or  I  suppose  to  be  correct,  one 
is  the  result  of  the  other.  It  is  the  human 
side  that  most  strongly  appeals.  Teachers 
now  make  a  study  of  social  conditions  and 
their  bearing  upon  childhood.  The  literature 
on  eugenics,  on  play,  on  the  immigrant,  on  the 
defective  and  delinquent  classes,  is  in  greatest 
demand.  The  works  of  Jane  Addams,  Jacob 
Riis  and  Henry  Goddard  are  the  classics  of 
this  generation  of  teachers,  as  those  of  Payne, 
Seeley  and  Rosenkranz  were  of  the  past. 
Formerly  it  was  the  bright,  interested  pupil 
who  received  the  lion's  share  of  his  instructor's 
attention ;  now  one  occasionally  hears  the  com- 
plaint that  more  provision  is  made  for  the 
backward  and  troublesome  child.  Be  that  ^as 
it  may,  pedagogical  literature  is  rich  in  studies 
of  the  unusual  or  subnormal  child,  and  none 
are  more  vitally  interested  in  the  literature  of 
their  profession  than  the  so-ca41ed  special 
teachers. 

Arnold  Bennett,  Leonard  Merrick  and  Rob- 
ert Chambers  may  have  their  devotees  among 
free  library  patrons,  but  I  doubt  whether  even 
these  fascinating  writers  ^  have  more  ardent 
admirers  than  have  William  James,  Edward 


April, 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


207 


Swift,  and  the  McMurry  brothers  of  Peda- 
gogical Library  fame.  As  the  free  library 
patron  hurries  through  the  pages  of  her  novel 
to  see  whether  Reginald  really  marries  the 
girl,  so  do  our  enthusiastic  young  men  and 
women  follow,  through  the  pages  of  the  new- 
thought  pedagogical  literature,  the  absorbing 
history  of  the  arrested  development  of  Aden- 
oid Jim,  or  the  psychological  rebound  of 
Hitherto-dull,  but  now  Inspired-Through- 
Manual-Training-Tommy.  So  much  for  the 
rank  and  file. 

I  wonder  whether  any  one  who  is  not  con- 
nected with  the  public  school  system  realizes 
what  it  means  to  be  the  principal  of  one  of 
our  4O-division  schools,  with  its  complex  or- 
ganism, requiring  as  much  administrative  abil- 
ity as  the  mayoralty  of  a  small  town.  Here 
the  principal's  diplomatic  relations  extend  to 
his  forty  classroom  teachers,  his  large  visiting 
staff  of  specialists,  his  nurse,  his  doctor,  his 
attendance  officer,  his  janitor  corps,  his  1600 
or  more  children  and  their  fathers,  mothers, 
uncles,  aunts  and  cousins,  as  well  as  to  the 
very  policeman  on  the  beat.  His  efficiency  in 
meeting  each  duty  is  increased  by  the  broad 
scholarship  to  which  frequently  his  university 
degree  gives  testimony.  To  these  men  and 
women  the  Pedagogical  Library  fills  the  same 
need  as  do  the  recently  created  municipal 
reference  libraries  to  the  city  governors. 

The  constant  demand  for  Perry's,  Arnold's 
and  Snedden's  works  on  elementary  school  ad- 
ministration, Johnston's,  Sach's,  Brown's,  and 
Hollister's  studies  of  secondary  education; 
James's,  Thorndike's,  Mtinsterberg's,  Kirkpat- 
rick's,  and  Witmer's  psychological  contribu- 
tions— to  name  but  a  few — prove  this  statement. 

A  copy  of  the  printed  catalog  of  the  Peda- 
gogical Library  is  in  every  school  in  Philadel- 
phia, the  classified  list  o'f  150  professional 
books  issued  last  spring  is  in  the  possession  of 
every  teacher.  These,  with  the  lists  of  addi- 
tions to  the  library  published  from  time  to 
time  in  our  local  educational  journal,  make  it 
possible  for  the  teacher  to  select  her  literature 
while  at  school.  But  printed  lists  of  new 
books  and  special  bibliographies  should  be 
sent  regularly  to  every  school,  which  should 
also  be  supplied  with  a  frame  or  bulletin 
board  upon  which  the  lists  could  be  promi- 
nently displayed.  While  many  are  availing 
themselves  of  our  excellent  collection,  the 
physical  inconveniences  are  great.  The  city 
is  large,  and  a  trip  to  the  library  after  school 
hours  makes  the  teacher's  working  day  a 
thing  for  labor  union  leaders  to  weep  over. 
The  remedy  lies,  in  the  moving  of  the  moun- 
tain in  small  sections  until  it  is  within  reach 
of  every  aspiring  Mahomet.  Every  school 
should  have  its  small  pedagogical  library.  This 
will  have  its  effect  not  only  upon  the  studious 
teacher,  but  upon  those  who  heretofore  have 
not  cared  to  devote  too  much  time  to  the 
search  for  better  methods. 

ADA   F.   LIVERIGHT,  Librarian. 


NEW  YORK   CITY'S  SCHOOL 
LIBRARIES 

AT  the  time  the  New  York  City  Board  of 
Education  began  to  establish  a  system  of 
classroom  libraries  in  the  elementary  schools, 
ten  years  ago,  Mr.  Carnegie  had  made  his 
famous  gift  of  $5,000,000  for  public  library 
branches,  and  they  were  being  planned  for 
every  section  of  the  city.  The  educational 
authorities  decided  to  help  this  movement  by 
starting  special  works  in  training  school  chil- 
dren to  use  library  books  and  become  library 
patrons,  for  they  were  able  to  reach  in  the 
schools  thousands  of  boys  and  girls  who 
could  be  reached  in  no  other  way. 

On  Feb.  15,  1903,  a  library  bureau  was 
opened  and  a  superintendent  of  libraries  ap- 
pointed to  organize  the  work  of  supplying 
every  classroom  in  the  city,  as  far  as  the 
funds  would  allow,  with  a  small  collection  of 
children's  books  suited  to  the  child's  capacity 
in  each  grade  and  so  attractive  that  the  most 
indifferent  youngster  would  "take  notice." 

The  books  were  to  be  kept  for  general  ref- 
erence use  in  the  classroom,  and  were  to  be 
drawn  and  taken  home  by  pupils,  at  stated 
times  each  teacher  acting  as  librarian  for  her 
room,  assisted  by  the  pupils  when  practicable. 
The  children  were  to  be  encouraged  to  select 
for  themselves  the  books  they  desired  to 
read,  and  although  every  effort  was  to  be 
made  to  persuade  them  to  use  the  library,  they 
were  no  more  to  be  coerced  into  taking  a. 
book  than  they  were  to  be  refused  the  privi- 
lege of  doing  so  as  a  punishment,  the  purpose 
being  to  interest  children  in  good  books  and 
to  inculcate  in  them  a  love  for  reading  at  the 
most  impressionable  time  of  their  lives. 

The  original  plan  called  for  the  equipment 
of  one  school  in  every  two  districts  with 
class  libraries  in  all  grammar  grades,  together 
with  a  small  reference  library,  properly  cata- 
loged. This  plan  was  abandoned,  and  it  was 
decided  to  furnish  each  school  in  the  five 
boroughs  with  class  libraries  as  far  as  the 
available  funds  would  permit,  beginning  with 
the  highest  grade  and  working  down.  ^  Of 
the  482  schools  then  in  commission,  sixty- 
seven  were  without  library  books  of  any  de- 
scription, 175  schools  reported  one  or  more 
class  libraries  and  the  rest  general  and  mis- 
cellaneous collections  of  books.  The  public 
school  library  fund,  which  at  that  time  had 
accumulated  (during  the  time  of  consolida- 
tion) to  about  $140,000,  was  apportioned 
equitably  among  the  elementary  schools  of 
the  five  boroughs,  a  graded  list  of  books  for 
school  libraries  was  prepared  and  published, 
and  within  a  year,  according  to  the  superin- 
tendent's 1904  report,  7981  class  libraries  were 
in  operation  in  the  elementary  schools,  with 
246,148  books.  In  each  school  a  teachers' 
reference  collection  was  started,  and  through- 
out the  school  system  113,560  volumes  were 
used  for  this  purpose.  The  entire  library  then 
comprised  359,560  books. 


208 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


The  first  circulation  report  showed  that 
2,668,489  volumes  had  been  drawn  for  home 
use  from  the  children's  libraries,  and  91,247 
had  been  taken  from  the  teachers'  reference 
libraries,  making  the  entire  circulation  2,759,- 
716. 

Since  that  time,'  the  work  has  grown 
steadily  year  by  year,  although  the  funds  pro- 
vided by  the  city  and  the  state  and  fixed  by 
law  at  about  $4  a  teacher,  have  never  been 
enough  to  provide  for  all  classes.  In  spite 
of  the  fact  that  the  life  of  a  popular  school 
library  book  is  less  than  two  years,  the  7981 
class  libraries  have  expanded  to  13,256.  The 
number  of  books  for  children  has  increased 
from  246,148  to  499,246,  teachers'  reference 
libraries  have  grown  from  113,412  to  153,168, 
and  so  that  to-day  New  York  Elementary 
School  Library,  with  its  600,000  patrons  and 
its  annual  circulation  of  8,931,429,  is,  as  far 
as  recorded  use  is  concerned,  the  largest  cir- 
culating library  in  the  world. 

The  School  Library  Bulletin,  which  is  pub- 
lished in  the  interest  of  classroom  libraries, 
continues  to  be  popular.  It  contains  articles 
and  reading  lists  on  such  subjects  as  Howard 
Pyle,  the  Panama  Canal,  the  Dickens  centen- 
ary, etc. 

These  little  collections  of  children's  books, 
while  acting  as  steps  leading  to  the  larger 
public  libraries,  and  making  readers  of  thou- 
sands of  children  who  would  not  go  to  a  pub- 
lic library  of  their  own  volition,  have  reached 
thousands  of  adults.  Many  foreign-born 
fathers  and  mothers,  who  have  little  knowl- 
edge of  our  language,  have  been  helped  by 
the  simple  library  books  which  their  children 
bring  home  from  the  primary  grades. 

Since  the  establishment  of  the  Bureau  of 
Libraries,  in  1903,  each  elementary  school  in 
New  York  City  has  had  a  regular  supply  of 
library  books  once  a  year,  and  they  have  had 
the  best  books  obtainable.  The  graded  lists 
for  use  in  schools  have  been  selected  by  peo- 
ple who  have  read  the  books  and  used  them 
with  children  not  only  in  the  city,  but  through- 
out the  country. 

Like  many  other  things  connected  with  ed- 
ucation, the  direction  of  reading  has  suffered 
from  lack  of  time  to  devote  to  it.  The  teach- 
ing day  is  very  full  of  a  number  of  things, 
and  in  many  cases  the  "unassigned  time,"  in 
which  library  work  was  to  share,  was  really 
a  negative  quantity.  This  year  a  regular  time 
will  be  set  aside  in  the  weekly  program  as 
"Library  hour."  On  Friday  afternoons  the 
teacher  will  now  have  at  least  one  period  to 
devote  to  book  talks  and  discussions  and 
reading  aloud.  She  may  ask  for  short  re- 
views and  opinions  of  the  book  read  during 
the  week,  and  point  out  the  value  of  a  story 
or  a  chapter  from  some  books  of  travel,  of 
science  or  biography.  Some  of  the  time  may 
be  devoted  to  learning  how  the  simpler  books 
of  reference  are  used. 


THE  MOST  POPULAR  BOOKS  IN  THE 
NEW  YORK  SCHOOLS 

THE  head  of  the  school  library  system  in 
New  York  City,  Mr.  C.  G.  Leland,  in  his  re- 
port for  1912  gives  in  "best-seller"  form  the 
children's  own  opinion  of  the  books  they  are 
offered.  We  reprint  some  interesting  para- 
graphs from  the  report  and  the  lists  of  the  ten 
most  popular  books  in  each  grade: 

A  very  satisfactory  answer  to  the  question, 
"What  do  the  children  really  read  in  these 
schoolroom  libraries?"  is  now  obtained  each 
year  from  a  tabulation  of  the  library  orders. 
Each  school  draws  for  new  books  once  a 
year  to  replace  those  worn  out.  The  more 
popular  books  naturally  wear  out  quickly — 
the  life  of  the  best  bound  being  but  two  years 
— so  that  the  number  of  copies  of  a  book 
ordered  is  pretty  good  indication  of  its  use- 
fulness and  success. 

A  list  of  the  ten  most  popular  books  in 
each  grade  during  1912  will  be  found  at  the 
end  of  this  report.  "The  Arabian  nights," 
"Hans  Brinker,"  "Little  women,"  and  "Bird's 
Christmas  carol"  still  hold  first  place,  as  they 
have  done  for  many  years,  in  the  affections 
of  the  older  children,  while  the  Walter  Crane 
and  Andrew  Lang  renditions  of  the  old  fairy 
stories,  together  with  the  easier  Grimms'  and 
Andersen's,  the  "Peter  Rabbit"  books,  and 
Mrs.  Burnett's  stories  head  the  lists  in  the 
primary  grades. 

While  "stories"  are  likely  to  be  the  kind  of 
books  most  eagerly  read  by  elementary  school 
children,  they  by  no  means  neglect  books  of 
an  informational  character  out  of  school  in 
their  recreative  reading.  "True  stories"  are 
largely  used. 

In  history,  the  books  most  frequently  in 
demand  in  the  grammar  grades  libraries  were : 
"Revolutionary  stories  retold  from  St.  Nicho- 
las," "Civil  War  stories  retold  from  St.  Nich- 
olas," Hart's  "Colonial  children,"  Fiske's 
"How  the  United  States  became  a  nation," 
McMurry's  "Pioneers  of  the  Mississippi  Val- 
ley," "Stories  of  royal  children  retold  from 
St.  Nicholas,"  Hart's  "Camps  and  firesides  of 
the  American  Revolution,"  Wright's  "Chil- 
dren's stories  in  American  history,"  Green- 
wood's "Merrie  England,"  and  Guerber's 
"Stories  of  the  thirteen  colonies."  In  the 
primary  grades:  Dodge's  "Grandfather's  sto- 
ries of  American  history,"  Davis'  "Four  New 
York  boys,"  Baldwin's  "American  book  of 
golden  deeds,"  and  Andrews'  "Ten  boys." 

The  most  popular  books  of  biography  ^  in 
the  grammar  grades  were:  Chittenden's  "Lin- 
coln and  the  sleeping  sentinel,"  Lawler's 
"Story  of  Columbus  and  Magellan,"  Lang's 
"Joan  of  Arc,"  Ouster's  "Boy  general,"  Mar- 
shall's "Story  of  Oliver  Cromwell,"  Kelly's 
"Story  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,"  and  Helen 
Keller's  "Story  of  my  life."  In  the  primary 
grades:  "Humphrey's  "When  I  was  a  little 
girl "  Brooke's  "True  story  of  Abraham  Lin- 
coln." 


April,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


209 


Indian  history  and  folk  lore  is  very  popular 
in  all  grades.  In  the  grammar  grades  the 
following  books  were  in  demand:  Zitkala-Sa's 
"Old  Indian  legends,"  Mighels'  "Adventures 
with  Indians,"  Starr's  "American  Indians," 
"Indian  stories  retold  from  St.  Nicholas."  In 
the  primary  grades:  Husted's  "Stories  of 
Indian  children,"  Deming's  "Little  Indian 
folk,"  Brooks'  "Stories  of  the  red  children." 

In  connection  with  the  work  in  geography, 
the  library  books  most  used  along  the  lines 
of  travel  and  description,  for  the  grammar 
grades,  were:  The  "Peeps  at  many  lands" 
series,  the  volumes  on  France,  England,  India, 
Scotland  and  Switzerland  being  the  most  pop- 
ular; the  "Youth's  Companion"  series,  includ- 
ing the  "Wide  world,"  "Strange  lands  near 
home,"  "Toward  the  rising  sun,"  and  "Under 
sunny  skies,"  while  Butler's  "Our  little  Mex- 
ican cousin,"  "Southern  stories  retold  from 
St.  Nicholas,"  Ambrosi's  "When  I  was  a  girl 
in  Italy,"  were  also  great  favorites.  The  most 
popular  books  of  travel  in  the  primary  grades 
were  Chance's  "Little  folks  of  many  lands," 
Campbell's  "Story  "of  little  Konrad,"  Smith's 
''Eskimo  stories,"  Schwartz's  "Five  little 
strangers,"  and  the  "Little  cousin"  series,  and 
the  Little  Italian,  Japanese  and  Russian  cou- 
sins, respectively,  proving  most  interesting. 

In  the  library  catalog  a  classification  under 
the  heading  of  "Chivalry"  has  been  made 
prominent  in  the  hope  that  it  would  not  escape 
the  attention  it  deserves.  Children's  books  on 
chivalry,  from  the  fourth  to  the  eighth  grades, 
called  for  and  worn  out  most  frequently, 
were  Radf  ord's  "King  Arthur  and  his  knights," 
Lang's  "Book  of  romance,"  and  Tappan's 
"Robin  Hood,  his  book,"  Barton's  "Wonder 
book  of  old  romance,"  "Stories  of  chivalry 
retold  from  St.  Nicholas." 

In  nature  stories  and  books  of  elementary 
science,  the  lead  this  year  is  held  by  a  favorite 
writer,  Seton,  for  the  grammar  grade,  with 
Lane's  "Triumphs  of  science,"  Joaquin  Miller's 
""True  bear  stories,"  Fortesque's  "Story  of  a 
red  deer,"  Meadowcroft's  "A  B  C  of  elec- 
tricity," Baker's  "Boy's  book  of  inventions," 
Burroughs'  "Birds  and  bees,"  in  the  van.  In 
the  primary  grades,  Carter's  "Stories  of  brave 
dogs,"  Duncan's  "When  mother  lets  us  gar- 
den," Boyle's  "Calendar  stories,"  Morley's 
"Seed  Babies,"  Andrews'  "Stories  of  my  four 
friends,"  Pyle's  "Stories  of  humble  friends," 
Cooke's  "Nature"  myths  and  stories,"  are  at 
the  head  of  the  list. 

The  following  books  on  outdoor  games  and 
amusements,  handicraft,  etc.,  have  been  large- 
ly used :  "Games  book  for  boys  and  girls," 
Bancroft's  "Games  for  the  playground,  home 
school  and  gymnasium,"  Beard's  "American 
boy's  handy  book,"  Kingsland's  "Book  of  in- 
door and  outdoor  games,"  Harper's  "Outdoor 
book  for  boys,"  and  the  "Boy's  workshop." 

The  reference  books  used  in  the  classrooms 
to  the  greatest  extent  during  the  past  year 
were  Champlin's  "Young  folks'  encyclopedia 
of  common  things,"  and  Champlin's  "Young 


folks'  encyclopedia  of  persons  and  places." 
When  these  are  placed  on  the  table  or  win- 
dow ledge,  where  access  may  be  had,  espe- 
cially in  the  last  twjD  grades  of  the  elementary 
school,  satisfactory  results  are  reported. 

The  way  in  which  the  children  respond  to 
the  old  favorites,  as  indicated  in  the  above 
reports,  seems  to  be  a  most  encouraging  sign 
and  shows  that  the  great  amount  of  new,  un- 
tried and  cheap  juvenile  literature,  which  each 
year  floods  the  bookstands,  is  not  interfering 
to  any  extent  with  the  work  we  are  trying 
to  do  in  the  schools. 

TEN  MOST  POPULAR  BOOKS  IN  EACH  GRADE 

FIRST  GRADE 

Hix. — Once-upon-a-time  stories. 
Lang. — Snow  man. 
Grover. — Overall  boys. 
Potter.— Tale  of  Peter  Rabbit. 
Grover. — Sunbonnet  babies'  book. 
Bates. — Fairy  tale  of  a  fox. 
Grimm.— Fairy  tales,  V.  I  (Wiltse). 
McCullough. — Little  stories  for  little  people. 
Potter. — Tale  of  Squirrel  Nutkin. 
Potter.— Tale  of  Tom  Kitten. 

SECOND  GRADE. 

Crane. — Aladdin. 

Lang. — Cinderella. 

Lang. — Jack  and  the  bean  stalk. 

Lang. — Snow  Drop. 

Crane. — Puss  in  boots. 

Lang. — Prince  Darling. 

Crane. — Red  Riding  Hood. 

Crane. — Beauty  and  the  beast. 

Crane. — Cinderella. 

Crane. — Bluebeard. 

Chance. — Little  folks  of  many  lands. 

THIRD  GRADE 

Crane. — Yellow  dwarf. 

Lang. — Dick  Whittington. 

Ruskin. — King  of  the  Golden  River. 

Collodi. — Pinocchio. 

Lang. — Sleeping  beauty. 

Crane. — Hind  in  the  wood. 

Lang. — History  of  Jack  the  Giant  Killer. 

Andersen's  Fairy  tales  (Stickney). 

Aunt  Louisa's  fairy  tales. 

Andersen's  Fairy  tales  (by  McGregor). 

FOURTH   GRADE 

Ruskin. — King  of  the  Golden  River. 

Andersen's  Fairy  tales. 

Burnett. — Little  Lord  Fauntleroy. 

Davis. — Four  New  York  boys. 

Williston. — Japanese  fairy  tales. 

Sewell.— Black  beauty. 

Lang. — Aladdin. 

Carroll. — Alice  in  Wonderland. 

Wyss. — Swiss  family  Robinson. 

Schwartz. — Five  little  strangers. 

Alcott. — Old-fashioned  Thanksgiving. 

FIFTH   GRADE 

Wiggin. — Bird's  Christmas  carol. 
Kipling. — Jungle  book. 


210 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913- 


Wiggin. — Story  of  Patsy. 
Alcott— Under  the  lilacs. 
Lane. — Industries  of  to-day. 
Eggleston. — Hoosier  school  boy. 
Coolidge.— What  Katie  did. 
Page. — A  captured  Santa  Claus. 
Richards. — Captain  January. 
La  Ramee. — Bimbi  stories. 

SIXTH   GRADE. 

Arabian  nights  (Steedman). 
Dodge. — Hans  Brinker. 
Wiggin. — Birds'  Christmas  carol. 
Alcott. — Little  women. 
Stevenson. — Treasure  Island. 
Wiggin. — Story  of  Patsy. 
Alcott. — Little  men. 
Alcott.— Jo's  boys. 
Aldrich. — Story  of  a  bad  boy. 
Dickens.— Little  Nell. 

SEVENTH   GRADE. 

Wiggin. — Rebecca  of  Sunnybrook  Farm. 

Hale. — Man  without  a  country. 

Alcott. — Old-fashioned  girl. 

Alcott. — Eight  cousins. 

Deland. — Josephine. 

Poe. — Gold  bug. 

Wiggin. — Polly  Oliver's  problem. 

Coolidge.— In  the  High  Valley. 

Wells.— Patty  at  home. 

Deland. — Katrina. 

EIGHTH   GRADE 

Andrews. — Perfect  tribute. 

Dickens. — Tale  of  two  cities. 

Dickens. — David  Copperfield. 

Fox. — Little  shepherd  of  Kingdom  Come. 

Kipling. — Captains  Courageous. 

Stowe. — Uncle  Tom's  cabin. 

Wiggin. — New  chronicles  of  Rebecca. 

Alcott. — Rose  in  bloom. 

Dickens. — Oliver  Twist. 

Deland.— Oakleigh. 


MISS  HEWI.NS  AND  HER  CLASS  IN 
CHILDREN'S    READING 

FOR  the  benefit  of  children's  librarians  in 
the  vicinity  of  Hartford,  Miss  Hewins  has 
for  several  years  conducted  a  Wednesday 
morning  class  for  the  informal  discussion  of 
old  and  new  books  for  children. 

Miss  Hewins  places  great  emphasis  on  the 
necessity  of  knowing  the  books  intimately 
oneself.  "You  know  the  tales  of  Andersen 
and  Grimm,  but  do  you  know  them  well 
enough  to  tell  them?"  And,  again,  "You 
should  know  Meg  and  Jo,  Beth  and  Amy,  as 
well  as  you  do  the  members  of  your  own 
family."  A  benighted  member  of  the  class, 
who  confessed  to  an  ignorance  of  Maria 
Edgeworth,  was  introduced  to  her  at  once  in 
the  happiest  way  by  Miss  Hewins'  reading 
aloud  "Rosamund's  day  of  misfortune"  and 


"The  purple  jar."  So  the  acquaintance  grew 
through  the  subsequent  reading  of  "Angelina," 
"Lazy  Lawrence,"  and  "Simple  Susan"  to  a 
real  friendship  for  their  author  and  the 
old  school  of  writers  who  made  the  founda- 
tions of  children's  literature  solid  and  true. 

There  has  been  no  fixed  course  of  studyr 
but  as  occasion  demands,  problems  connected 
with  the  use  of  books  are  discussed.  "The 
course  of  study  for  normal  school  pupils  in 
literature  for  children,"  prepared  by  the 
Newark  Library,  is  recommended  for  study 
this  year,  and  similar  material,  special  lists 
of  books,  etc.,  are  constantly  brought  to  the 
attention  of  the  class.  Before  Christmas,  and 
whenever  new  books  for  children  appear,  con- 
siderable time  is  devoted  to  their  examination, 
that  the  class  may  be  in  touch  with  the  newr 
not  even  neglecting  such  books  as  department 
stores  furnish  in  very  cheap  form.  Miss 
Hewins'  sympathetic  understanding  of  human 
children  has  given  her  the  grace  to  combine 
an  enthusiasm  for  the  best  literature  with, 
tolerance  for  the  second  best. 

While  the  class  is  in  session,  interruptions 
sometimes  occur,  but  these  interruptions  are 
significant.  A  school  principal,  remembering 
Miss  Hewins'  valuable  collection  of  autograph, 
letters,  wishes  her  to  show  them  to  his  pupils 
and  to  tell  them  of  "famous  people  who  lived 
in  Hartford";  a  mother  telephones  for  ad- 
vice and  suggestions  as  to  books  for  her  nine- 
year-old  boy ;  or,  perhaps,  a  settlement  work- 
er calls  in  reference  to  a  play  which  Miss 
Hewins  has  written  for  the  East  Side  girls. 
The  class  had  the  pleasure  of  hearing  Miss 
Hewins  read  one  such  play,  which  she  mod- 
estly declared  was  taken  from  "Miss  Muffet's 
Christmas  party,"  "Little  women"  and  "Re- 
becca," and  done  mostly  by  a  pair  of  scissors. 
But  it  was  evident  whose  heart  and  head  and 
hand  guided  those  scissors — for  scissors  were 
never  before  known  to  be  so  clever.  Miss 
Hewins  is  most  generous  in  sharing  these 
experiences  with  the  members  of  her  class, 
and  they  appreciate  the  high  standard  which 
is  given  them  for  the  performance  of  similar 
obligations. 

The  fact  that  the  Wednesday  morning  class 
is  privileged  to  meet  in  Miss  Hewins'  office 
means  much.  By  simply  using  one's  eyes  in 
that  unique  room,  one  can  absorb  a  degree  of 
education.  At  first  an  ignorant  pupil  won- 
dered about  the  pictures  on  the  walls,  then 
she  determined  to  know  them,  and  now  rec- 
ognizes and  greets  with  pleasure  Diirer's  "Old 
man,"  Titian's  "Virgin,"  as  a  child,  ascending 
the  steps  for  her  presentation  in  the  temple; 
Titian's  "Young  Englishman";  Carpaccio's 
"St.  Ursula,"  neatly  tucked  in  her  bed,  and 
sleeping  peacefully,  if  not  dreamlessly ;  Palma 
Vecchio's  "Santa  Barbara,"  and  those  two 
lovely  women's  heads,  details  from  Bellini's 
"Madonna  with  St.  Catherine  and  the  Mag- 
dalen." It  is  worth  something,  also,  to  be 
able  to  reach  out  to  the  well-filled  bookshelves 
that  line  the  room  and  make  a  selection  from 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


211 


choice  old  editions  of  the  books  that  have 
been  one  booklover's  delight  since  her  early 
childhood. 

A  few  dolls  make  their  home  in  Miss  Hew- 
ins'  office,  and  they  undoubtedly  look  forward 
with  eagerness  to  the  doll  party  which  hap- 
pens each  New  Year's  Day,  when  little  girls 
are  invited  to  bring  their  dolls  to  hear  a  doll 
story.  The  dolls  are  but  one  evidence  of  the 
spirit  of  play  that  is  so  characteristic  of  Miss 
Hewins.  Would  that  all  the  wise  might  learn 
of  her  to  "wear  their  learning  lightly." 

In  her  relations  with  the  class,  she  does  not 
seem  deliberately  to  teach  so  much  as  to  en- 
courage others  to  learn  for  themselves.  And 
her  example  and  personality  are  so  stimulat- 
ing that  those  who  come  in  contact  with  her 
feel  new  zeal  for  the  quest  of  knowledge, 
believing  that  the  game  is  worth  the  candle. 
HARRIET  S.  WRIGHT. 


THE   MASSACHUSETTS    STATE 
LIBRARY 

THE  question  of  the  use,  functions  and  pos- 
sibilities of  the  State  Library  in  Boston  has 
lately  come  to  the  front  in  newspaper  discus- 
sion. Whether  or  not  the  general  works  in 
the  library  shall  be  transferred  to  the  Public 
Library  and  its  work  be  restricted  to  legisla- 
tive uses,  has  grown  into  a  question  of 
whether  it  might  not  better  for  it  to  work  with 
the  State  Library  Commission  in  effective  loan 
extension  to  the  small  towns  of  the  state. 
Mr.  Norman  H.  White,  chairman  of  the  Com- 
mission on  Economy  and  Efficiency,  referring 
to  an  editorial  in  the  Transcript  for  February 
14,  says: 

"Our  State  Library  is  little  used,  broadly 
speaking.  It  is  a  vast  storehouse  of  informa- 
tion. It  can  be  made  of  inestimable  value  to 
our  law-making  body.  It  can  be  equipped  as 
a  legislative  reference  library,  a  clearing- 
house of  information  for  those  who  are 
charged  with  the  making  of  laws,  which 
should  be  one  of  the  nicest  and  most  scientific 
pieces  of  work.  .  .  . 

"I  hope  that  none  of  the  books  will  be 
transferred.  The  whole  policy  of  the  State 
Library  must  soon  be  definitely  decided — 
whether  or  not  it  is  going  to  be  merely  a  col- 
lection of  volumes  for  the  use  of  a  few,  or 
whether  it  is  going  to  be  a  library  worked  to 
its  utmost  capacity  to  give  information  to  the 
law-making  body  of  the  commonwealth. 

"The  present  trustees  of  the  library  should 
not  be  allowed  to  change  it  until  such  time 
as  the  final  policy  has  been  decided;  even 
then  I  doubt  very  much  whether  every  book 
that  is  there  now  is  not  useful  to  the  legis- 
lator. People  seem  to  forget  that  there  is 
hardly  any  line  of  thought,  that  there  is  hard- 
ly anything  concerning  human  welfare  that 
ought  not  to  be  found  in  the  library,  and,  in- 
deed, any  pamphlet,  history,  biography  or 
classical  works,  all  tend  to  give  information 


which  is  needed  to  the  legislator  to  a  greater 
or  less  degree.  The  State  Library  should  be 
left  alone  as  it  is — simply  as  a  burying-ground 
of  information;  or  else  it  should  be  made 
what  it  ought  to  be-^the  foremost  library 
in  the  country,  properly  indexed  and  arranged, 
with  a  competent  staff  of  well-trained  men 
and  women,  to  be  a  legislative  reference  li- 
brary, such  as  is  found  in  the  great  state  of 
New  York,  Wisconsin  and  other  states." 

On  February  21,  the  Transcript  said,  edi- 
torially : 

"To  say  that  a  town  has  a  public  library  is 
to  say  that  a  man  has  a  brain.  Whether  the 
equipment  is  of  any  value  to  him  depends 
wholly  on  what  use  he  makes  of  it,  if  any. 
And  the  more  recent  development  of  library 
science  has  proceeded  steadfastly  on  this  as- 
sumption —  that  one  book,  the  contents  of 
which  are  inside  the  popular  cranium,  is  more 
valuable  than  a  thousand  volumes  slumbering 
on  the  shelves.  Librarians,  those  axe-men 
(and  axe-women)  of  social  progress,  have 
been  devising  a  wondrously  ingenious  ma- 
chinery for  inducing  the  perusal  of  the  right 
books  by  all  sorts  of  people,  from  school 
children  to  legislators,  from  the  foreign  dis- 
tricts of  our  cities  to  the  lonely  farm-houses 
of  the  remote  country  roads. 

"Now,  it  has  happened,  once  or  twice,  that 
Massachusetts,  having  performed  some  cour- 
ageous piece  of  social  pioneering,  has  given 
the  idea  to  a  western  state,  then  lapsed  into 
the  inertia  of  insufficient  public  support  while 
the  experiment  was  being  ripened  into  frui- 
tion elsewhere.  Thus  it  is  that  we  see  a  state 
like  Wisconsin,  with  a  collection  of  only  800,- 
ooo  volumes  in  her  state  library,  keeping  those 
books  flowing  in  a  continuous  stream  through 
the  brains  of  her  small  townspeople,  farmer- 
folk  and  lumbermen  by  means  of  traveling 
libraries  and  traveling  librarians.  That  the 
public  book  collections  in  Massachusetts  mar- 
shal six  millions  of  volumes  is  neither  here 
nor  there,  so  long  as  most  of  them  are  un- 
read, or  those  that  are  read  are  chiefly  fiction, 
and  often  poor  fiction.  It  says  little  more  to 
contend  that  all  but  one  of  the  Massachusetts 
towns  have  public  libraries,  so  long  as  there 
is  imperfect  machinery,  or  none  at  all,  for 
getting  the  right  books  into  the  hands  of 
those  who  most  need  them. 

"These  are  a  few  of  the  issues  raised  by 
the  discussion  of  a  broader  scope  for  the 
work  of  the  State  Library.  .  .  .  The  question 
has  opened  into  the  larger  one  of  whether  the 
State  Library  shall  continue  to  be  a  local  and 
highly  specialized  collection  for  the  use  of 
the  few,  or  a  vigorous  and  powerful  institu- 
tion for  the  guidance  of  state-wide  library 
work — for  the  cleaning  up  of  our  educational 
blind  spots  in  city  or  country." 

And  Mr.  Charles  K.  Bolton,  librarian  of  the 
Boston  Athenaeum,  in  another  issue,  says: 
"Does  Massachusetts,  with  its  growing  popu- 
lation of  foreign-born,  begrudge  us  the  money 
necessary  to  make  ready  and  carry  on  a  plant 
of  this  kind?" 


212 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


JOHN  SHAW  BILLINGS 

DR.  JOHN  SHAW  BILLINGS,  director  of  the 
New  York  Public  Library  since  1896,  died  at 
the  New  York  Hospital,  Tuesday  evening, 
March  n,  1913. 

He  was  born  in  Switzerland  County,  In- 
diana, April  12,  1838,  the  son  of  James  and 
Abbie  Shaw  Billings.  After  graduation  from 
Miami  University,  Oxford,  Ohio,  in  1857,  he 
studied  medicine  at  the  Medical  College  of 
Ohio  in  Cincinnati,  receiving  his  degree  of 
M.D.  in  1860.  He  served  as  resident  physician 
at  St.  John's  Hospital  in  1858-9,  at  the  Com- 
mercial Hospital  in  1859-60,  and  as  demon- 
strator of  anatomy  at  the  Medical  College  in 
1860-1. 

The  Civil  War  sent  him  into  the  army,  and 
settled  the  main  channels  of  his  life  for  the 
next  thirty  years.  The  formal  record  of  his 
army  life  is  as  follows:  Passed  the  examining 
board  in  September,  1861 ;  appointed  acting 
assistant  surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  November,  1861 ; 
commissioned  assistant  surgeon,  April  16, 
1862;  given  the  breyet  of  lieutenant-colonel, 
U.  S.  A.,  March  13,  1865,  for  faithful  and 
meritorious  service  during  the  war;  promoted 
captain  and  assistant  surgeon,  July  28,  1866; 
major  and  surgeon,  Dec.  2,  1876;  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  deputy  surgeon-general,  June  6, 
1894;  retired  at  his  own  request,  Oct.  i,  1895, 
after  over  thirty  years'  service. 

During  the  war  he  was  in  charge  of  hos- 
pitals at  Washington  and  West  Philadelphia 
in  1861-3,  and  at  David's  and  Bedloe's  islands 
near  New  Y»rk  City,  in  1863-4;  in  the  summer 
of  1863  he  was  on  field  service  with  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  at  the  battles  of  Chancellors- 
yille  and  Gettysburg,  and  in  1864  was  medical 
inspector  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  In 
December,  1864,  he  was  ordered  to  the  Sur- 
geon-General's Office  at  Washington,  where  he 
had  charge  of  the  organization  of  the  Veteran 
Reserve  Corps,  of  matters  pertaining  to  con- 
tract physicians,  and  to  all  property  and  dis- 
bursing accounts  until  1875. 

His  great  work  in  Washington  was  the  de- 
velopment of  the  library  of  the  Surgeon-Gen- 
eral's Office,  which  consisted  of  a  few  stray 
volumes  when  he  took  hold  in  1864,  and  was 
the  largest  collection  of  medical  books  in  the 
world  t  when  he  left  thirty  years  later.  This 
collection  was  unique  in  point  of  size  and 
completeness,  but  its  special  claim  to  notice 
was  not  its  size  alone,  but  the  admirable  way 
its  resources  were  set  forth  in  the  epoch- 
making  "Index  catalogue,"  the  plan  of  which 
was  conceived  by  Dr.  Billings  and  developed 
by  him  through  the  sixteen  volumes  that  make 
the  first  series,  printed  between  1880.  and  1895 

Complementary  to  his  work  in  the  Surgeon- 
General's  Library  was  his  editing  of  the  Index 
Medicus,  a  monthly  record  of  current  med- 


ical literature  in  books  and  periodicals,  pro- 
jected by  Frederick  Leypoldt,  begun  by  Dr. 
Billings  and  Dr.  Robert  Fletcher  in  1879,  and 
now  in  its  thirty-first  volume. 

His  routine  duties  would  have  been  enough 
to  engage  the  full  energy  of  an  ordinary  man, 
but  Dr.  Billings  found  time  to  help  in  the  re- 
organization of  the  United  States  Marine  Hos- 
pital Service  in  1870,  to  serve  as  vice-president 
of  the  National  Board  of  Health  in  1879-82,  to 
edit  the  mortality  and  vital  statistics  of  the 
tenth  census,  and  the  vital  and  social  statistics 
of  the  eleventh  census,  and  to  write  an  author- 
itative textbook  and  exposition  of  "The  prin- 
ciples of  heating  and  ventilation." 

As  medical  adviser  to  the  trustees  of  the 
Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  he  planned  the  hos- 
pital buildings  and  organized  the  hospital  staff 
and  force;  and  to  his  skill,  foresight,  and  wis- 
dom is  very  largely  due  the  success  of  this  im- 
portant center  of  medical  relief  and  education. 
He  served  as  adviser  to  many  other  hospital 
boards,  his  latest  achievement  in  this  field  be- 
ing his  work  on  the  Peter  Bent  Brigham  Hos- 
pital in  Boston. 

He  served  also  as  a  director  of  the  Hospital 
of  ^  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  was  ap- 
pointed professor  of  hygiene  at  the  university 
in  1891,  and  there  organized  the  laboratory  of 
hygiene  in  1893,  retaining  his  position  as  di- 
rector of  the  laboratory  until  he  came  to  New 
York  to  organize  the  newly  formed  New  York 
Public  Library. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  of  fifty 
to  investigate  the  liquor  problem,  and  chair- 
man of  the  subcommittee  on  the  pathological 
and  physiological  aspects  of  the  question,  the 
results  of  this  investigation  appearing  in  two 
volumes  edited  by  him  in  1903. 

When  the  history  of  the  Carnegie  Institution 
of  Washington  comes  to  be  written  full  tribute 
will  be  paid  to  his  services  in  the  conception, 
organization  and  administration  of  that  effec- 
tive cherisher  of  research.  From  the  begin- 
ning he  served  as  a  trustee  and  after  Decem- 
ber, 1903,  as  chairman  of  the  board  of  trustees. 

In  the  organization  and  administration  of 
the  New  York  Public  Library  his  success  was 
as  great  as  in  the  Surgeon-General's  Office 
and  at  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital.  He  found  the 
library  housed  in  two  buildings  three  miles 
apart,  and  wholly  unadapted  to  modern  meth- 
ods of  library  work,  a  combined  collection  of 
about  350,000  volumes  inadequately  and  in- 
completely cataloged  and  classified,  with  two 
separate  staffs  numbering  forty  people.  When 
he  died  the  library  had  a  fitting  home  for  its 
central  collection  and  administrative  offices, 
forty  branch  buildings  for  circulation  pur- 
poses, a  collection  of  over  2,000,000  volumes 
properly  cataloged  and  classified,  a  staff  of 
over  one  thousand  filled  with  a  spirit  of  loy- 
alty, willingness,  and  devotion.  He  stamped 
his  individuality  and  personality  on  the  New 
York  Public  Library  in  as  marked  a  degree  as 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


213 


Cogswell  did  on  the  Astor  Library.  In  the 
difficult  work  of  welding  together  into  one 
system  the  Astor,  Lenox  and  Tilden  founda- 
tions he  was  of  great  service  to  the  trustees; 
in  the  munificent  gift  of  Andrew  Carnegie  of 
$5,200,000  to  the  city  of  New  York  for  branch 
libraries,  as  indeed  in  respect  to  the  whole 
system  of  Carnegie  library  gifts,  he  was  a 
close  and  trusted  adviser  of  Mr.  Carnegie,  and 
when  the  city  decided  to  build  the  central 
library  it  was  by  his  own  hand  that  the  plan 
of  the  building  was  blocked  out,  as  shown  by 
the  facsimile  of  his  sketch  in  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL  for  May,  1911. 

This  is  not  the  place  for  an  appreciation  of 
his  abilities  or  the  results  he  attained.  To  say 
he  had  received  the  degree  of  D.C.L.  from 
Oxford  and  of  LL.D.  from  Edinburgh,  Har- 
vard, Yale,  Johns  Hopkins ;  that  he  had  served 
as  president  of  the  Philosophical  Society  of 
Washington,  of  the  American  Public  Health 
Association,  of  the  Congress  of  American 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  and  of  the  American 
Library  Association,  as  vice-president  of  the 
American  Statistical  Association,  and  treas- 
urer of  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences  — 
aside  from  his  active  and  honorary  member- 
ship in  some  forty  other  scientific  societies — • 
is  not  a  measure  of  his  intellectual  strength 
and  versatility,  but  it  is  an  indication  of  the 
recognition  of  his  worth  by  fellow  scientists, 
medical  men,  students  of  hygiene,  statisticians, 
and  librarians. 

He  was  an  organizer  and  administrator  of 
no  ordinary  ability,  a  far-seeing,  patient,  kind- 
ly, firm,  independent,  self-reliant,  lovable  man. 
Those  that  knew  him  slightly  saw  only  his 
self-reliance,  independence,  firmness;  those 
that  were  privileged  to  know  him  more  in- 
timately came  to  add  to  their  respect  a  very 
genuine  affection. 

Written  with  all  his  academic  honors,  Dr. 
Billings'  name  was  followed  by  these  degrees: 
A.B.  1857,  A.M.  1860,  Miami  University ;  M.D. 
Medical  College  of  Ohio,  1860;  LL.D.  Edin- 
burgh, 1884;  Harvard  University,  1886;  Yale, 
1001,  and  Johns  Hopkins,  1002;  M.D.  Munich 
1889,  and  Dublin,  1892;  D.C.L.  Oxon.  1889; 
F.R.C.P.I.  and  F.R.C.S.I.  1892;  D.D.  Budapest, 
1896. 

The  funeral  services  were  held  at  St. 
John's  Church,  Georgetown,  and  the  inter- 
ment took  place  at  Arlington  National  Cem- 
etery. The  actual  pall-bearers  were  three 
sergeants  and  three  corporals  from  the 
artillery  arm.  The  honorary  pall-bearers 
were  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell,  Dr.  Charles  D. 
"Walcott,  secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion;  Sen.  Elihu  Root.  Dr.  R.  S.  Woodward, 
president  of  the  Carnegie  Institution;  Dr.  W. 
S.  Halsted,  of  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital ;  Hon. 
John  L.  Cadwalader,  and  Frederic  R.  Halsey, 
of  the  library  trustees,  and  E.  H.  Anderson, 
assistant  director  of  the  library.  The  staff  of 
the  New  York  Library  was  represented  by 
Mr.  Eames,  Mr.  Lydenberg,  Mr.  Lockwood, 


Mr.   Weitenkampf,    Miss   Hasse,    Miss    Sauer, 
and  Miss  Leffingwell. 

In  recognition  of  Dr.  Billings'  military  ser- 
vice, his  funeral  was  one  of  full  military 
honors.  The  body  was  carried  to  its  last 
rest  on  a  caisson,  covered  with  the  old  flag, 
and  "taps"  were  sounded  over  the  grave  at 
Arlington  as  the  last  good-byes  were  said  to 
this  honored  and  great  man. 

MEMORIAL   ACTION   OF   THE  NEW    YORK 
LIBRARY   CLUB 

At  the  meeting  of  the  New  York  Library 
Club  on  March  13,  the  regular  program  was 
preceded  by  an  informal  tribute  to  the  mem- 
ory of  Dr.  John  Shaw  Billings,  news  of  whose 
death,  two  days  before,  had  come  as  a  shock 
to  all  members  of  the  library  profession  in 
New  York.  Mr.  Hicks,  as  president,  voiced 
the  feeling  of  the  club  as  follows : 

"Forty-eight  years  ago  to-day,  March  13, 
1865,  Dr.  John  Shaw  Billings  was  brevetted 
lieutenant-colonel  in  the  Union  Army  for 
faithful  and  meritorious  service  during  the 
war  between  the  states.  To-night  he  lies  on 
his  bier  in  the  city  of  Washington.  To- 
morrow he  will  be  laid  to  rest  with  military 
honors  in  the  National  Cemetery  at  Arlington. 
March  13,  1865,  was  a  day  of  triumph  for  Dr. 
Billings,  but  his  triumph  to-night  is  even 
greater.  That  first  triumph  was  the  result  of 
services  on  the  field  of  battle,  in  the  hospital 
tent,  and  in  the  army  infirmary.  Since  that 
time  he  has  rounded  out  a  full  life  of  meri- 
torious service  in  the  field  orf  peace." 

A  special  memorial  service  was  announced, 
and  Dr.  W.  Dawson  Johnston,  librarian  of 
Columbia  University,  presented  the  following 
resolution : 

"Resolved,  That  on  the  death  of  John  Shaw 
Billings,  the  New  York  Library  Club  desires 
to  record  its  grateful  recognition  of  the  great 
part  which  he  played  in  the  development  of 
the  library  service  of  New  York  City  and  of 
the  United  States. 

"While  Dr.  Billings  gained  distinction  in 
the  profession  of  his  first  choice  in  medical 
service  during  the  Civil  War,  in  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  U.  S.  Marine  Hospital  Service  and 
of  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  as  director  of 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  and  professor  of  hy- 
giene in  that  institution,  as  expert  in  charge 
of  the  division  of  vital  statistics  of  the  tenth 
and  eleventh  censuses,  and  as  a  writer  upon 
medical  subjects,  it  is  as  one  of  the  most  emi- 
nent members  of  our  own  profession  that  we 
honor  his  memory. 

"Called  in  1895  to  be  director  of  the  newly 
established  New  York  Public  Library,  he  gave 
an  impetus  to  the  growth  of  its  collections 
almost  without  parallel  in  the  history  of  libra- 
ries ^  and  insured  their  permanent  value  by 
making  the  collections  of  government  publica- 
tions and  periodicals  his  first  object.  He  was 
instrumental  in  the  establishment  of  a  remark- 
able system  of  branch  libraries,  and  planned 


214 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


the  unique  library  building  which  contains  the 
library's  reference  collections  and  is  the  center 
of  its  circulation  department.  As  members  of 
this  club  we  will  honor  Dr.  Billings  as  the 
most  distinguished  of  all  those  who  have 
served  the  library  interests  of  this  com- 
munity. 

"As  librarians,  however,  we  will  remember 
also  his  remarkable  achievements  as  librarian 
of  the  Surgeon-General's  Office,  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  largest  medical  library  in  the 
world,  in  the  publication  of  the  most  important 
of  medical  bibliographies,  the  'Index  cata- 
logue,' as  well  as  the  most  useful,  the  'Index 
medicus,'  and  in  the  inauguration  of  a  national 
library  service. 

"And  as  bibliographers  we  will  remember 
also  his  services  as  delegate  of  the  United 
States  to  the  congress  held  in  London  in  1896 
which  established  the  International  catalog  of 
scientific  literature.' 

"He  was  a  member  of  this  club  and  its  pres- 
ident in  the  year  1900,  a  member  of  the  Amer- 
ican Library  Association  and  its  president  in 
the  year  1902,  a  member  of  many  learned  so- 
cieties, honored  by  learned  institutions  and 
societies,  both  at  home  and  in  foreign  lands. 

"He  gave  to  his  profession  the  service  of  a 
scientist  interested  in  the  most  common  prob- 
lems, the  labors  of  a  specialist  with  the  broad- 
est sympathies." 

Dr.  Talcott  Williams,  director  of  the  School 
of  Journalism,  Columbia  University,  speaking 
with  the  sincerity  and  feeling  that  his  long  ac- 
quaintance with  Dr.  Billings  inspired,  told  of  his 
work  in  organizing  the  army  hospital  service 
in  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore,  where  there 
were  from  30,000  to  60,000  wounded  soldiers 
in  the  hospitals,  as  well  as  to  his  later  work 
in  organizing  and  cataloging  the  Surgeon- 
General's  Library  and  in  establishing  the  Index 
Medicus.  Dr.  Billings  was  the  first  man  to 
attempt  to  gather  together  the  whole  literature 
of  a  large  subject.  Others  had  made  large 
collections  of  serviceable  material,  but  Dr. 
Billings  alone,  at  the  Surgeon-General's  Li- 
brary, had  attempted  to  collect  the  whole  liter- 
ature of  so  large  and  old  a  subject  as  medi- 
cine. Dr.  Williams  mentioned  Dr.  Billings' 
extraordinary  facility  and  retentiveness  of 
mind,  and  finally  his  power  of  friendship, 
which  united  to  him  loyally  all  those  who 
worked  in  close  touch  with  him.  Dr.  Williams 
spoke  also  of  a  little  known  fact  in  Dr.  Bil- 
lings' career  which  is  in  itself  an  adequate  in- 
dication of  his  service  to  the  library  profes- 
sion. When  his  name  was  brought  up  for 
membership  in  the  National  Academy  of  Sci- 
ences, membership  in  which  is  limited  to  fifty 
and  is  granted  only  to  those  who  have  made 
some  original  scientific  discovery,  there  was 
strong  opposition  on  the  ground  that  although 
Dr.  Billings  was  eminent  in  hospital  organiza- 
tion and  planning  and  had  written  on  a  va- 
riety of  scientific  subjects,  he  had  made  no 
discoveries.  His  election,  however,  was  based 


on  his  organization  and  cataloging  of  the  Sur- 
geon-General's Library,  an  action  that  definitely 
established  notable  library  work  as  ranking 
with  more  purely  scientific  achievements. 


"WRITINGS  ON  AMERICAN  HISTORY, 
1910" 

THE  annual  bibliography  of  books  and 
articles  on  United  States  and  Canadian  his- 
tory, just  issued,  prepared  by  Grace  Gardner 
Griffin,  is  the  fifth  of  a  continuous  series  open- 
ing with  1906.  As  stated  in  the  preface,  a 
volume  entitled  "Writings  on  American  his- 
tory, 1902,"  prepared  by  Prof.  Ernest  C.  Rich- 
ardson, librarian  of  Princeton  University, 
and  Mr.  Anson  Ely  Morse,  was  published  at 
Princeton  in  1904.  A  volume  of  a  plan  more 
like  the  present,  "Writings  on  American  his- 
tory, 1903,"  was  prepared  by  Prof.  Andrew 
C.  McLaughlin,  Mr.  William  A.  Slade,  and 
Mr.  Ernest  D.  Lewis,  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Carnegie  Institution  of  Washington,  and 
was  published  by  that  institution  at  Washington 
in  1905.  After  an  interval  followed  the  series, 
"Writings  on  American  history,  1906,  1907 
and  1908,"  prepared  by  Miss  Grace  Gardner 
Griffin  and  originally  published  by  the  Mac- 
millan  Company  (New  York,  1908,  1909, 
1910).  From  the  beginning  of  this  new  series 
the  enterprise  was  sustained  by  a  group  of 
subscribers,  consisting  of  the  American  His- 
torical Association,  the  Buffalo  Historical 
Society,  the  Chicago  Historical  Society,  the 
Colonial  Society  of  Massachusetts,  the  Massa- 
chusetts Historical  Society,  the  Missouri  His- 
torical Society,  the  New  York  Historical  So- 
ciety, the  Oregon  Historical  Society,  the 
Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  the  West- 
ern Reserve  Historical  Society,  Mr.  Charles 
Francis  Adams,  Hon.  Simeon  E.  Baldwin,  Mr. 
William  K.  Bixby,  Mr.  Clarence  M.  Burton, 
Mr.  Adrian  H.  Joline,  and  Hon.  George  L. 
Rives.  The  preparation  of  the  material  for 
1909  and  1910  has  been  carried  out  through 
the  continued  aid  afforded  by  the  same  gen- 
erous subscribers.  Independent  publication, 
however,  ceased  with  the  volume  for  1908. 
Beginning  with  the  volume  for  1909,  though 
the  preparation  of  the  material  has  continued 
to  be  provided  for  by  such  a  subscription,  the 
printing  and  publication  of  the  annual  bibli- 
ography has  been  assumed  by  the  American 
Historical  Association.  In  its  annual  report 
for  1909,  a  bibliography  of  the  material  pub- 
lished in  that  year  was  included.  The  present 
list  continues  the  matter  through  the  issues 
of  the  calendar  year  1910. 

To  those  who  desire  to  have  complete  sets 
of  the  volumes  hitherto  published,  it  may  be 
useful  to  know  that  the  volume  for  1902^  can 
still  be  obtained  from  the  library  of  Prince- 
ton University,  that  for  1003  from  the  Car- 
negie Institution  of  Washington,  while  those 
for  1006,  1907,  1008  (independent  volumes), 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


215 


and  "separates"  of  those  for  1909  and  1910, 
can  be  obtained  from  the  secretary  of  the 
American  Historical  Association. 

The  volume  for  1910  has  been  prepared 
upon  the  same  system  as  the  volumes  for 
1906,  1907  and  1908.  The  intention  of  the 
compiler  has  been  to  include  all  books  and 
articles,  however  brief,  which  contain  any- 
thing of  value  to  the  history  of  the  United 
States  and  of  British  North  America.  With 
respect  to  the  regions  lying  south  of  the  con- 
tinental United  States,  however,  and  to  the 
Pacific  islands,  the  intention  has  been  to  in- 
clude all  writings  on  the  history  of  these 
regions  published  in  the  United  States  or 
Europe;  but  the  product  (not  relating  to  the 
United  States)  of  South  America  and  other 
southward  regions  has  been  left  to  their  own 
bibliographers.  New  editions  of  books,  if 
they  contain  no  new  material,  have  not  been 
noticed.  A  topical  arrangement  has  been  fol- 
lowed. 

Further  information  as  to  the  bibliograph- 
ical work  of  the  American  Historical  Asso- 
ciation in  general  may  be  gathered  from  a 
report  presented  by  Prof.  E.  C.  Richardson, 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  bibliography, 
which  we  print  herewith : 

"The  larger  part  of  the  bibliographical  work 
of  this  association  is  done  by  special  commit- 
tees, and  the  chief  work  now  being  done  in 
this  way  is  the  'International  bibliography  of 
English  history/  on  which  Prof.  Cheyney,  the 
chairman  of  the  committee,  is  to  report. 

"Other  standing  committees,  too,  besides 
that  on  bibliography,  are  either  doing  con- 
crete work  or  are  encouraging  such  work. 
This  is  the  case  with  documentary  bibliog- 
raphy on  the  one  hand,  and  on  the  other, 
with  Miss  Griffin's  admirable  bibliography  of 
current  publications  in  the  field  of  American 
history,  a  publication  which,  under  her  care, 
has  reached  a  very  high  stand  of  technical 
bibliographical  excellence. 

"At  present,  the  committee  is  charged  with 
three  tasks:  (i)  The  bibliography  of  Amer- 
ican travels,  (2)  A  list  of  sets  of  works  on 
European  history  to  be  found  in  American 
libraries,  and  (3)  an  effort  to  secure  a  union 
list  of  historical  periodicals.  The  bibliography 
of  American  travels  is  waiting  on  the  secur- 
ing of  a  suitable  editor,  and  the  question 
whether  a  union  list  of  periodicals  can  be 
taken  up  by  the  American  Library  Associa- 
tion is  under  discussion. 

"The  matter  of  the  collections  on  European 
history  was  rather  fully  reported  on  last  year. 
Since  that  report,  many  additional  memoranda 
have  been  received.  A  brief  edition  was  is- 
sued in  March,  and  a  trial  edition  is  now 
in  press.  If  the  expense  of  printing  can  be 
met,  a  revised  and  improved  edition  will  later 
be  published  under  the  care  of  Dr.  Walter 
Lichtenstein,  of  the  Northwestern  University 
and  the  Harvard  Libraries,  who  is  recognized 
as  the  chief  American  specialist  in  this  field. 

"It  has  been  a  matter  of  very  extraordinary 


gratification  to*  the  committee  that  the  ques- 
tion of  supplying  the  lacks  shown  by  this  list 
has  been  taken  up  so  vigorously  by  the  libra- 
ries, especially  by  Harvard,  Yale,  Columbia, 
the  Library  of  Congress  and  some  of  the 
great  public  libraries.  A  year  ago,  Harvard 
reported  1267  out  of  2200  sets.  At  the  time 
of  the  March  edition  it  had  about  1500  sets, 
and  at  the  present  time  it  had  more  than  1900. 
This  is  more  than  could  be  found  anywhere  in 
the  United  States  a  year  ago,  and,  supple- 
mented by  the  collections  of  the  Boston  Pub- 
lic Library,  which  is  also  cordially  cooperat- 
ing in  the  matter,  it  gives  about  Boston  and 
vicinity  an  apparatus  which  will  be  within  a 
short  time  nearly  complete.  While  no  other 
library  or  section  nearly  approaches  this  rec- 
ord, Yale,  Columbia  and  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress have  been  very  active,  and  the  total 
efficiency,  as  regards  these  sets  at  New  York, 
Washington  and  Chicago  centers,  has  been 
very  largely  increased." 

The  volume  of  "Writings  on  American  his- 
tory" for  1911  is  now  in  press,  and  will  ap- 
pear in  the  report  of  the  American  Historical 
Society.  The  volume  for  1912  is  in  prepara- 
tion, and  will  be  issued  early  in  1914. 


FIFTY  YEARS  OF  GOVERNMENT  SER- 
VICE 

BERNARD  R.  GREEN,  superintendent  of  the 
building  and  grounds  at  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress, on  March  7  completed  fifty  years  of 
government  service,  and  at  a  luncheon  at  the 
library  he  was  presented  by  twenty-four  of 
his  associates  with  a  Victrola  and  a  set  of 
records.  Dr.  Ulysses  G.  B.  Pierce  read  an 
address  of  congratulation,  and  after  a  couple 
of  the  records  were  played  Mr.  Green  replied. 
Among  the  signers  of  the  letter  were  Cyrus 
Adler,  of  Philadelphia;  Brig.-Gen.  W.  H.  Bix- 
by,  chief  of  engineers ;  Edward  V.  Casey,  of 
New  York;  Pickering  Dodge,  Frank  Sutton, 
president  of  the  Washington  Society  of  Engi- 
neers, Hennen  Jennings,  president  of  the  Uni- 
versity Club ;  Charles  F.  Munroe,  president  of 
the  Cosmos  Club ;  Arthur  J.  Parsons,  Ulysses 
G.  B.  Pierce,  Herbert  Putnam,  librarian  of 
Congress;  Richard  Rathbun,  O.  H.  Tittman, 
Charles  D.  Walcott,  secretary  of  the  Smith- 
sonian; R.  R.  Bowker,  of  New  York,  and  G. 
R.  Putnam,  commissioner  of  lighthouses. 

Mr.  Green  was  associated  with  the  con- 
struction of  the  Washington  Monument  and 
the  State,  War  and  Navy  building;  he  engi- 
neered the  task  of  reinforcing  the  foundations 
of  the  monument  and  designed  its  distinctive 
cap.  He  was  associated  with  and  succeeded 
Gen.  Casey  in  the  construction  of  the  Library 
building,  and  also  supervised  the  building  of 
the  New  National  Museum.  He  was  an  ad- 
viser in  connection  with  the  Corcoran  Gallery 
and  the  capitol  at  Harrisburg,  Pa.  Mr.  Green 
has  been  superintendent  at  the  library  since  its 
completion. 


216 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


THE   HEALTH    OF  LIBRARY   AS- 
SISTANTS 

IN  the  annual  report  of  the  New  York  Pub- 
lic Library  the  medical  officer  goes  quite  into 
detail  as  to  the  health  of  employes  of  the 
library,  and  gives  certain  recommendations  and 
rules  that  resulted  from  his  investigations.  Be- 
sides the  routine  business  of  medical  examina- 
tion, inspection  of  branches,  and  advising  of 
employes  in  need  of  medical  attention,  he  noted 
matters  of  general  tone  and  efficiency. 

"Early  in  the  first  tour  of  visits,"  he  says, 
"it  was  noted  that  a  relatively  large  proportion 
of  the  employes  suffered  from  indigestion  and 
dyspepsia.  Many  were  under-nourished,  and 
weighed  from  ten  to  fifteen  pounds  less  than 
they  did  before  taking  up  library  work.  This 
was  borne  out  by  the  fact  that  many  of  them 
gained  from  five  to  ten  pounds  in  weight  while 
on  their  1911  vacation,  only  to  lose  it  again 
during  the  winter.  Complaints  of  'nervousness,' 
cf  being  easily  tired,  of  sleeping  poorly,  etc.. 
were,  in  consequence,  exceedingly  common. 
These  troubles  were  attributed  to  various 
causes,  but  chiefly  to  the  irregularity  of  their 
meals,  brought  about  by  the  present  schedule 
of  working  hours  of  the  library,  and  to  the  too 
short  time  (one  half  hour)  allowed  for  meals. 
Many  stated  that  they  ate  but  little  when  on 
duty,  in  order  to  avoid  indigestion,  and  were, 
therefore,  below  their  normal  weight.  Others 
were  in  the  habit  of  taking  light  refreshment, 
'chocolate,  etc./  between  meals.  The  majority 
of  the  employes  are  young  women  under  thirty 
years  of  age,  and,  provided  that  the  conditions 
under  which  they  work  are  satisfactory,  should 
be  relatively  free  from  such  digestive  and  nu- 
tritional disturbances.  It  was,  therefore, 
thought  worth  while  to  investigate  the  matter 
further,  in  order  to  determine  the  source  of 
the  trouble. 

"At  first  glance  it  would  seem  that  the  'free 
day*  system,  with  the  consequent  increase  in 
the  number  of  hours  on  duty  the  remaining 
days  of  the  week,  might  be  at  fault.  But  in- 
vestigation showed  the  weekly  'free  day*  to  be 
of  distinct  value,  as  well  as  a  most  highly 
valued  privilege  by  the  staff  of  librarians.  .  .  . 

"The  schedule  of  working  hours  as  then  in 
force  in  the  circulation  department  of  the  li- 
brary necessitated  irregular  meal  hours,  and 
only  one  half  hour  was  allowed  for  the  daily 
meal  at  the  library.  The  fact  that  the  libraries 
are  open  at  night,  thus  requiring  the  staff  to 
be  in  attendance,  was  the  cause  of  the  irreg- 
ularity. The  members  of  the  staff  alternated 
on  night  duty.  Either  two  or  three  days  a 
week  the  'early  staff  of  librarians  began  work 
at  9.00  a.m.  They  were  allowed  one  half  hour 
between  12.00  and  i.oo  to  prepare  and  eat  their 
midday  meal.  They  went  off  duty  at  6.00,  and 
the  majority  reached  their  homes  for  a  seven 
o'clock  dinner.  Barring  the  too  short  lunch 
hour,  these  conditions  are  not  bad.  But  on  the 
other  two  or  three  days  of  the  week  they  re- 


ported at  noon,  substituted  for  the  'early  staff' 
while  the  latter  were  at  lunch,  and  were  not 
supposed  to  eat  until  6.00  p.m.  Bearing  in 
mind  that  many  of  them  live  long  distances 
from  the  library,  this  means,  at  the  best,  a 
meal  at  n.oo  a.m.  (too  soon  after  breakfast), 
and  no  more  food  until  6.00  p.m.,  which  in- 
terval is  entirely  too  long,  especially  as  the  in- 
tervening days  of  regular  meal  hours  when  on 
'early'  duty,  prevent  the  digestive  organs  from 
accustoming  themselves  to  the  changed  con- 
ditions. 

"How  do  the  conditions  in  the  circulation 
department  of  the  library  compare  with  those 
in  other  circulating  libraries?  To  obtain  light 
on  this  question,  a  questionnaire,  covering  the 
points  on  which  information  was  desired,  was 
sent  by  the  director  to  a  number  of  the  large 
libraries  throughout  the  country.  Study  of 
the  answers  received  shows  that  as  regards 
salary,  total  hours  on  duty,  annual  vacation, 
sick  leave,  and  especially  'free  days,'  the  em- 
ployes of  the  circulation  department  of  the  New 
York  Public  Library  are  not  badly  treated. 

"What  do  the  librarians  and  their  assistants 
think? 

"On  the  second  visit  to  each  branch,  late  in 
1911,  the  branch  libraYians  were  consulted  as  to 
the  faulty  conditions  and  feasibility  of  the 
changes  recommended  at  the  end  of  this  report. 
They  were  unanimous  in  their  belief  that  even 
with  shorter  hours  they  would  be  able  to  carry 
on  their  work  in  winter  without  requiring  an 
increase  in  the  staff.  No  employes  would  be 
absent  on  vacation  during  these  months. 

"In  December,  1911,  with  the  consent  of  the 
director,  the  following  circular  letter  was  sent 
to  all  librarians  in  charge  of  branch  libraries : 

1.  It  is  the  opinion  of  the  medical  officer 
that: 

(a)  The  present  recess  of  one  half  hour 
daily  is  too  short.     Hurry  over  meals  is 
responsible  for  much  of  the  indigestion  or 
wider-nourishment  of  which  some  of  the 
assistants   complain.     At   least   one   hour 
should  be  allowed. 

(b)  In  good  weather  the  members  of  the 
staff  should  go  for  a  short  walk  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  hour.    In  bad  weather  they 
should  talk  or  read  for  recreation. 

(c)  They  should  have  their  meal  slowly, 
and    should    remain    quietly    in    the    staff 
room  for  a  short  time  thereafter. 

Do  you   endorse   these  views?     If  not 
please  give  your  reasons. 

2.  (a)  Would   you    and    your    staff   be 
willing  to  work  one  half  hour  longer  dur- 
ing the  summer  months,  provided  a  full 
hour's  recess  was  allowed  the  year  round? 
(The  summer  schedule  would  then  be  the 
same  as  the  present  winter  schedule.) 

(b)  If  not,  and  if  you  are  in  favor  of 
a  one  hour  recess,  have  you  any  other  plan 
to  suggest,  short  of  the  recess  hour  being 
lengthened  without  changing  the  present 
summer  and  winter  schedules? 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


217 


"The  answers,  summarized,  were  as  follows : 

1.  (a)  Thirty-eight  agreed  that  a  recess 
of  one  half  hour  was  too  short. 

(b)  Thirty-six  approved  of  the  short 
outing  in  the  open  air  before  the  midday 
meal,  when  conditions  permit. 

(c)  Thirty-nine    agreed    that    meals 
should  be  eaten  slowly,  and  be  followed  by 
a  short  rest  period. 

2.  (a)  Twenty-five   stated   that  they   and 
their  employes  would  be  willing  to  give  up 
the  half  hour  in  summer,  provided  the  re- 
cess could  be  one  hour  the  year  round. 

(b)  Of   the    fifteen    opposed   to   any 
lengthening   of   the   summer   hours,    only 
three  had  any  suggestions  to  make.     One 
suggested  recess  of  forty-five  minutes,  and 
the  others  that  the  assistants  should  be  al- 
lowed to  report  at  8.00  or  8.30  a.m. 
"It  must  be  admitted  that  the  librarians  are, 
in  a  way,  responsible  for  the  former  working 
schedule.     In  order  to  obtain  their  cherished 
weekly  'free'  or  'silent*  day,  and  the  daily  half 
hour  less  duty  in  summer,  they  were  willing 
to  work  longer  hours,  and  put  up  with  the 
short  and  ^irregular  meal  hours,  and  suffer  the 
physical  disabilities  and  discomforts  previously 
mentioned. 

"Should   they  be  allowed  to  do   so?     The 
answer  is  — 'No'  — no  more  than  very  young 
children  should  be  allowed  to  work  in  factories, 
despite  their  desire  to  do  so. 
"It  was  therefore  recommended: 
"i.  That  the  daily  recess  period  for  meals  of 
the  librarians  and  assistant  librarians  employed 
in  the  branch  circulation  libraries  of  the  New 
York  Public  Library  be  one  hour  instead  of 
one  half  hour,  as  heretofore. 

"2.  That  every  employe  be  required  to  take 
the  full  hour  off  duty. 

"3.  That  no  employe  be  permitted  to  make 
up  lost  time  or  do  library  work  during  the 
recess  hour. 

"In  order  to  carry  out  these  recommenda- 
tions it  was  suggested: 

/'(a)  That  the  librarians  and  assistant  libra- 
rians be  required  to  work  but  forty  hours  each 
week,  exclusive  of  recess  period,  instead  of 
forty-two  hours  and  a  half,  as  heretofore. 

(b)  That  this  schedule  be  in  force  in  sum- 
mer as  well  as  winter. 

"(c)  That  when  it  seems  advisable,  and  the 
work  of  the  library  will  not  suffer,  the  branch 
librarians  be  empowered  to  permit  such  em- 
ployes as  live  at  long  distances  from  their 
library,  or  who  must  use  cars  which  are 
crowded  with  workmen  at  6.00  p.m.,  to  report 
for  duty  at  8.30  a.m.  and  leave  at  5.30  p.m." 

ATLANTIC  CITY  CONFERENCE 
THE  seventeenth  annual  meeting  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Library  Clubs  and  the  New  Jer- 
sey Library  Association  was  held  in  the  Ho- 
tel Chelsea,  Atlantic  City,  on  the  28th  of  Feb- 
ruary and  the  ist  of  March.  The  selection  of 


the  Chelsea  as  a  meeting  place  for  so  many 
consecutive  years  has  given  the  management 
a  personal  interest  in  the  success  of  the  con- 
ference, and  makes  those  attending  feel  in- 
stantly at  home.  Two  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  were  registered  in  the  hotel,  and  about 
twenty-five  others  attended  the  sessions.  It 
was  gratifying  to  note  among  these  many 
who  had  never  attended  before  and  who  left 
with  their  belief  in  conferences  strengthened. 
The  first  session  was  a  special  New  Jersey 
session,  held  on  Friday  afternoon,  at  three 
o'clock,  in  the  banquet  room  of  the  hotel. 
The  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  Mr. 
Thomas  F.  Hatfield,  librarian  of  the  Hoboken, 
N.  J.,  Public  Library,  and  president  of  the 
New  Jersey  Library  Association.  A  short 
business  meeting  was  necessitated  by  the  fact 
that  New  Jersey  has  done  away  with  its  reg- 
ular fall  meeting,  and  will  hereafter  conduct 
its  business  session  at  Atlantic  City.  A  series 
of  round-tables,  held  in  various  districts 
through  the  state,  will  take  the  place  of  the 
fall  meeting. 

After  naming  a  nominating  committee,  Mr. 
Hatfield  resigned  the  chair  in  favor  of  Mr. 
W.  C.  Keuipel,  chairman  of  the  New  Jersey 
Public  Library  Commission,  who,  after  a  few 
words   of   praise   for   New  Jersey   librarians 
and  their  work,  introduced  Mr.  Royal  Meeker, 
assistant     professor     of     political     economy, 
Princeton  University.    With  "The  commnnity 
and    its    needs"    for    his    subject,    Professor 
Meeker's    whimsical    humor    and   breadth    of 
knowledge  and  experience  had  free  rein.    He 
spoke  at  greatest  length  of  educational  aims 
and    methods    and    their    shortcomings,    with 
particular  reference  to  the  rural  community. 
He    believes    there    is    danger    of    fossilizing 
rather  than  formalizing  educational  methods. 
Education    that    is    not    the    acquisition    of 
knowledge,  but  the  formation  of  correct  hab- 
its of  thought  and  life,  that  gives  the  student 
command  of  his  mind  and  body,  should  be 
the  aim.     The  rural  lack  of  opportunity  re- 
stricted    endeavor;     unstimulating     environ- 
ment, feeble-mindedness,  bad  inheritance,  rel- 
ative isolation,  and  the  injury  done  to  rural 
children  by  incorrect  educational  methods,  in- 
formation of  the  brain  rather  than  the  spirit, 
lack   of   training   of   thinking   power,    which 
are  so  often  found  in  their  schools,  were  all 
very    decisively    touched    upon.      Perhaps,    as 
librarians,   the   audience   were   most    strongly 
appealed  to  when  he  spoke  of  those  "mute, 
inglorious  Miltons,"  who  might  be  less  mute 
and  less  inglorious  if  opportunities  within  the 
librarians'  power  to  give  could  be  brought  to 
them.    The  greatest  need  in  rural  life  to-day 
is   more   people   and   better   people,   and   the 
bringing  to  them  the  many  advantages  which 
are   now   found   only  in   urban   communities. 
There^  are  many  in  rural  communities  to-day 
who,  if  thus  given  the  proper  stimulus,  could 
make  their  mark.     In  a  great  many  reforms, 
the  ardor  for  reforms  so  far  exceeds  a  proper 
conception  of  that  which  is  to  be  reformed  that 


2l8 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


only  failure  results.  He  believes  that  strict 
discipline  has  a  desirable  effect  on  the  charac- 
ter of  the  young,  but  advocates  compulsory 
drafting  into  civil  service  for  a  term  of  three 
years,  rather  than  compulsory  military  service. 
The  educative  value  of  supervised  and  con- 
structive labor  being  thus  attained. 

Following  out  this  idea  of  bettering  rural 
life,  Miss  Elizabeth  White,  librarian  of  the 
Passaic,  N.  J.,  Public  Library,  read  a  paper 
on  the  "Value  of  township  and  county  libra- 
ries." She  gave  a  historical  summary,  and 
spoke  particularly  of  the  excellent  work  now 
being  done  in  county  work  in  California, 
Washington  County,  Maryland,  Minnesota 
and  Oregon,  and  of  township  work  in  Indi- 
ana, Illinois,  Iowa,  and  Nebraska.  She  quoted 
that  part  of  the  last  report  of  the  New  Jer- 
sey Public  Library  Commission  dealing  with 
the  county  and  township  library  question,  in 
which  it  calls  attention  to  the  fact  that  no 
matter  how  great  its  desire,  it  cannot  increase 
its  work  beyond  the  limit  of  its  appropriation, 
and  that  if  towns  having  contiguous  rural 
districts  would  extend  to  them  library  privi- 
leges, the  efforts  of  the  commission  could 
be  directed  to  the  more  remote  districts.  In 
addition  to  this,  the  advantage  of  personal 
intercourse  with  the  outlying  districts  would 
thereby  be  greatly  increased.  She  concluded 
with  Dr.  Claxton's  remark  when,  after  esti- 
mating that  the  placing  of  county  libraries  in 
all  states  would  cost  $100,000,000,  he  said: 
"It  seems  that  is  not  a  visionary,  but  a  prac- 
tical problem,  if  the  states  would  bind  them- 
selves to  the  upkeep  of  the  library." 

Miss  Norma  Bennett,  librarian  of  the  Mad- 
ison, N.  J.,  Public  Library,  and  Mr.  Charles 
A.  George,  librarian  of  the  Elizabeth,  N.  J., 
Public  Library,  formally  discussed  Miss 
White's  paper.  Miss  Bennett  doubted  whether 
the  busy  county  or  township  librarian  would 
have  more  time  for  developing  the  personal 
note  in  her  field  than  the  busy  state  organizer 
now  has.  She  spoke  of  the  lack  among  those 
in  rural  communities  of  that  energy,  push 
and  ambition  which  have  drawn  their  com- 
panions into  cities  and  other  lines  of  work. 
This  apathy  must  be  overcome  before  any 
sort  of  effective  library  work  can  be  accom- 
plished, and  to  overcome  it  would  necessitate 
a  force  larger  than  most  township  or  county 
libraries  could  afford. 

Mr.  George  deprecated  the  appeal  to  a  mis- 
sionary spirit,  and  expressed  his  belief  that 
most  town  officials  consider  their  libraries 
commercial  assets,  and  would  be  out  of  sym- 
pathy with  an  extension  movement. 

The  chair  called  upon  others  in  the  audi- 
ence, and  the  discussion  became  general. 

Announcement  was  made  of  the  prepara- 
tion of  a  bill  to  be  introduced  into  the  New 
Jersey  legislature  during  its  present  session 
which  will  give  to  the  public  library  the  ad- 
ministration of  all  school  libraries,  in  those 
towns  having  public  libraries,  and  will  give 
to  the  New  Jersey  Public  Library  Commission 


the  control  of  school  libraries  in  those  com- 
munities having  no  public  libraries.  It  gives 
also  to  the  commission  the  approval  of  pur- 
chase lists  of  books  bought  with  state  funds, 
and  makes  the  Commissioner  of  Education  an 
ex-ofhcio  member  of  the  commission. 

The  nominating  committee  reported  the  fol- 
lowing ticket,  which  was  elected:  President, 
Miss  Sarah  B.  Askew,  State  Library,  Tren- 
ton; vice-presidents:  Howard  L.  Hughes,  li- 
brarian Public  Library,  Trenton,  and  Miss 
Elizabeth  H.  White,  librarian  Public  Library, 
Passaic;  secretary,  Miss  Louise  Hinsdale,  li- 
brarian Public  Library,  East  Orange;  treas- 
urer, Miss  Mary  G.  Peters,  librarian  Public 
Library,  Bayonne. 

The  first  joint  session  of  the  conference 
was  under  the  direction  of  the  New  Jersey 
Association,  and  was  held  in  the  hotel  casino 
on  Friday  evening.  Mr.  Hatfield  was  in  the 
chair  and-  introduced  first  the  mayor  of  At- 
lantic City,  who,  after  a  gracious  welcome, 
advocated  the  placing  of  libraries  in  all  fire 
houses,  and  reviewed  a  few  of  those  books 
which  had  most  impressed  him. 

He  was  followed  by  Dr.  Charles  S.  Chapin, 
principal  of  the  Montclair  Normal  School. 
His  speech,  "Perils  of  the  modern  intellect," 
embraced  certain  of  his  convictions,  result- 
ing from  thirty  years  of  educational  work. 
He  spoke  of  the  pressure  under  which  most 
people  are  working,  of  the  tendency  toward 
superficiality,  the  agencies  that  contribute,  the 
unreliability  of  many  supposedly  authoritative 
sources,  and  the  general  trend  of  intellectual 
life  to-day.  While  there  were  some  in  the 
audience  who  disagreed  with  some  of  his  con- 
clusions, there  were  none  who  did  not  enjoy 
the  ability  shown  in  his  composition  and  de- 
livery. 

A  survey  of  educational  institutions  in  New 
Jersey  was  given  by  Miss  Sarah  B.  Askew, 
of  the  New  Jersey  Public  Library  Commis- 
sion. The  object  of  the  survey  was  to  show, 
by  means  of  lantern  slides,  the  physical  con- 
ditions of  the  state,  its  varied  population  and 
industries,  and  the  forces  for  the  betterment 
of  life  or  the  alleviation  of  misfortune  which 
are  at  work  not  only  in  its  formal  education, 
but  in  associations  and  institutions  for  social 
betterment.  It  carried  out  the  thought  of 
library  extension  in  that  it  portrayed  those 
varied  types  with  their  relative  advantages 
and  disadvantages  with  which  librarians 
should  deal.  Schools,  libraries,  granges,  clubs, 
associations,  institutions,  and  state  depart- 
ments were  all  very  delightfully  portrayed. 

The  second  joint  session  was  under  th« 
direction  of  the  Pennsylvania  Library  Club, 
and  was  called  to  order  by  Mr.  Ernest  Spof- 
ford,  president  of  that  club. 

Miss  Corinne  Bacon  was  the  first  speaker, 
and  in  her  usual  enjoyable,  if  slightly  icono- 
clastic fashion,  gave  those  assembled  much 
food  for  constructive  thinking. 

Mr.  C.  G.  Childs,  professor  of  English  in 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  spoke  on  the 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


219 


romance  and  humors  of  book-collecting.  A  sub- 
ject which  he  said  often  might  evoke  the  "slim 
feasting  smile"  of  comedy  in  view  of  the  whim- 
sies of  its  votaries,  or  the  wry  grimace  of  the 
satirist  when  what  was  really  a  selfish  ambition 
to  outdo  others  masqueraded  under  pretense 
of  a  noble  passion,  the  love  of  books.  Dr. 
Child  said  the  same  spirit  animates  the  book- 
collector  as  other  collectors  of  objects  rang- 
ing from  things  most  artistic  and  intrinsically 
valuable,  to  things  most  grotesque  and  extra- 
ordinary, the  uncontrollable  magpie  instinct 
for  collecting  anything;  so  we  have  the  col- 
lector who  collects  books  for  their  bindings, 
their  end-papers  or  what  not. 

Many  a  book-lover,  he  pointed  out,  might 
pretend  to  love  books,  but  was  really  perfectly 
well  aware  that  his  holdings  were  a  profitable 
property.  A  number  of  the  great  libraries  of 
the  world  have  taken  their  start  in  private 
collections,  for  example,  the  Bodleian  and  the 
British  Museum.  Andrew  Lang  has  said  (i) 
Get  what  people  do  not  want  to-day  but  may 
want  to-morrow;  (2)  Make  a  collection  of 
books  on  some  special  subject  which,  while 
not  costly  in  separate  items,  will  be  valuable  in 
the  mass;  (3)  Purchase  one  good  thing  a  year. 
The  speaker  would  suggest  a  single  rule  in 
their  place:  "Get  the  thing  you  want  when 
you  can  get  it."  One  must  be  a  booklover 
first,  and  collector  by  accident. 

A  book  must  be  and  must  remain  a  spiritual 
presence.  It  is  not  merely  a  thing  to  handle 
and  look  at;  one  must  keep  an  abiding  sense 
of  its  sacramental  uses;  one  must  remember 
that  a  great  book  on  one's  shelf,  though  in  a 
cheap  edition,  flimsily  bound,  should  look  as 
large,  if  honestly  edited,  as  a  priceless  edition ; 
for  the  real  book  is  there,  its  spiritual  pres- 
ence visible  in  the  humble  incarnation,  evoca- 
tion of  the  past,  prophetic  of  the  future,  tran- 
scending time  and  space  with  the  undying 
issues  of  the  spirit. 

In  the  absence  of  Mr.  John  Thomson,  li- 
brarian of  the  Philadelphia  Free  Library,  Mr. 
Ashhurst  presided. 

Professor  Green,  of  the  Westchester  Nor- 
mal School,  gave  his  "Century  run  in  litera- 
ture," in  which  he  characterized  the  eigh- 
teenth century  as  a  prosaic  age.  In  support 
of  which  characterization,  he  compared  it  and 
those  who  distinguished  it  with  ages  before 
and  since.  Even  so  prosaic  an  age  was  made 
to  scintillate  for  the  audience  by  the  speaker's 
frequent  introduction  of  humorous  parallel 
and  by  the  galvanizing  effort  necessary  to  fol- 
low his  rush  of  words. 

Mr.  Carl  Byoir,  who  is  associated  with 
John  Martin's  House  in  New  York,  spoke 
on  "Educational  ideals,"  with  the  Montessori 
method  as  a  case  in  point.  Since  he  has  the 
distinction  of  having  introduced  this  method 
into  the  United  States,  his  may  be  considered 
the  voice  of  authority. 

On  Friday  evening,  the  Drexel  Library 
School  dinner  was  held,  and  on  Sunday  the 
Pratt  Library  School  luncheon. 


On  Saturday  afternoon,  the  trustees  and 
librarians  of  the  Atlantic  City  Public  Library 
received  those  attending  the  conference  and 
their  friends  in  the  clubroom  of  the  Public 
Library.  At  small  tables  in  the  museum 
room,  ices  and  punch  were  served.  This  very 
generous  hospitality  was  not  only  a  great 
pleasure  socially,  but  the  opportunity  so 
given  to  inspect  the  library,  with  its  interest- 
ing and  unusual  interior  arrangement  and  col- 
lections— particularly  its  New  Jerseyiana — 
was  greatly  appreciated. 

The  hotel  orchestra  played  for  dancing  in 
the  hotel  casino  after  the  Saturday  evening 
session. 

Aside  from  these  stated  social  features,  the 
usual  boardwalk  attractions,  dining  room  re- 
unions of  many  friends,  and  the  meeting  of 
many  new  and  interesting  people,  made  the 
conference  as  enjoyable  as  those  many  others 
that  have  enriched  the  recollections  of  eastern 
librarians  and  their  western  friends. 

E.  B.  P. 


NATIONAL  EDUCATION  ASSOCIATION 
—  LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT 

ANNOUNCEMENT   OF    MEETINGS    AT   SALT   LAKE 
CITY,   JULY   7-1 1,    1913 

AT  the  annual  meeting  of  the  National 
Education  Association,  at  Salt  Lake  City, 
July  7-1 1,  1913,  the  major  theme  for  general 
sessions  and  department  programs  will  be 
"The  betterment  of  our  rural  and  elementary 
schools."  It  will  be  the  aim  of  President 
Fairchild  to  secure  speakers  of  national  note, 
who  have  a  message  that  will  particularly 
emphasize  the  betterment  of  rural  life  and 
rural  education.  The  following  meetings  have 
been  planned  for  the  library  department,  and 
full  programs  will  be  ready  in  May. 

First  session. — Topic:  "The  library  and  the 
elementary  school." 

Second  session. — Topic:  "The  library  and 
the  rural  community." 

Round-table. — Topic:  "How  can  the  library 
be  made  a  vital  factor  in  the  work  of  second- 
ary schools?  (a)  in  normal  schools?  (b)  in 
high  schools  and  private  preparatory  schools  ?" 

Exhibits. — It  is  expected  that  the  League  of 
Library  Commissions  will  send  an  exhibit 
showing  what  is  being  done  in  making  books 
available  to  rural  communities.  The  exhibit  of 
the  library  department  will  also  include  public 
library  work  for  public  schools,  library  aids 
for  teachers  in  elementary  and  normal  schools, 
library  aids  for  teachers  in  high  schools,  helps 
for  school  librarians. 

A  special  round-trip  rate  of  $41  has  been 
granted  from  Chicago.  For  rates  for  other 
cities,  apply  to  Mr.  Durand  W.  Springer,  sec- 
retary of  the  National  Education  Association, 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

MARY  E.  HALL, 
President  Library  Department. 


22O 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


Hmerican  Xibrarp  Bssociation 


CONFERENCE  AT  HOTEL  KAATERSKILL 
TRAVEL  ANNOUNCEMENTS 

A  RATE  of  one  fare  and  three-fifths  has 
been  granted  by  the  Trunk  Line  Association. 
This  rate  is  on  the  so-called  certificate  plan, 
which  means  the  paying  of  full  fare  going, 
and  obtaining  at  the  time  of  purchase  of 
ticket  a  certificate.  This  certificate  being  de- 
posited with  25  cents,  with  the  secretary 
on  arrival  at  the  meeting,  will  entitle  the 
person  in  whose  name  it  is  made  out  to  re- 
turn via  the  same  route  for  three-fifths  of 
one  fare,  providing  at  least  100  such  cer- 
tificates are  presented  at  the  meeting.  Ask 
for  certificate  even  if  not  intending  to  use  it, 
as  it  might  be  needed  to  make  up  the  number 
necessary  to  secure  reduced  rate  for  those 
who  do  return.  The  Trunk  Line  territory  in- 
cludes points  west  of  New  England,  east  of 
and  including  Buffalo  and  Pittsburgh,  and 
north  of  the  Potomac  River;  that  is,  prac- 
tically the  North  Atlantic  states  and  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia. 

From  New  England,  the  usual  summer  ex- 
cursion rates  will  probably  be  in  force  and 
equivalent  to  about  two  cents  a  mile,  good  all 
summer,  and  allowing  ten-day  stop-over  at 
Albany,  returning  if  desired.  For  railroad 
rates  from  the  middle  west,  see  under  special 
western  party  announcement  below. 

Hotel  Kaaterskill  station  is  on  the  Ulster 
&  Delaware  Railroad,  and  is  reached  via 
Kingston,  N.  Y.,  or  Oneonta,  N.  Y.  There 
is  also  a  connection  via  Catskill  and  the  Otis 
Elevating  Railway  to  Otis  Summit,  about  a 
half  mile  from  the  hotel.  Making  the  trip 
this  way  is  somewhat  cheaper  and  some  two 
hours  quicker  from  points  in  New  England 
and  the  west  (via  Albany),  but  it  necessi- 
tates a  change  of  cars  at  Catskill  and  again 
at  the  base  of  the  Otis  Elevating  Railway. 
The  hotel  carriages  will  meet  passengers  both 
at  Otis  Summit  and  at  the  Kaaterskill  station 
on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware. 

The  travel  committee  plans  personally  con- 
ducted parties  from  Boston,  New  York  and 
Chicago,  as  usual,  and  detailed  notices  will 
be  given  in  the  May  Bulletin.  Preliminary 
notice  follows: 

BOSTON   PARTY 

Party  will  leave  Boston  by  Pullman  sleeper 
on  Sunday  evening,  about  11.15,  June  22;  due 
at  Albany  to  breakfast,  where  the  cars  will 
be  held  and  later  run  to  Catskill.  There  the 
party  will  transfer  to  Otis  Summit,  and 
should  reach  Hotel  Kaaterskill  about  12.30, 
noon,  June  23. 

Pullman  lower  berth  from  Boston  to  Cat- 
skill  will  be  $2;  upper  berth,  $1.60.  Drawing 
room  (accommodating  three  persons),  $7. 

The  summer  excursion  rate  from  Boston 
to  Otis  Summit  and  return  was  $12.40  last 
year,  and  will  probably  be  the  same  for  1913. 


Members  from  Albany  can  join  the  Boston 
party  after  breakfast  and  travel  with  that 
party  to  their  destination.  Special  coach  will 
be  provided  if  enough  register. 

New  England  and  Albany  delegates  should 
communicate  with  Mr.  F.  W.  Faxon,  83  Fran- 
cis street,  Fenway,  Boston,  Mass.,  who  will 
have  charge  of  the  party. 

NEW   YORK,    PHILADELPHIA   AND   WASHINGTON 
PARTY 

There  are  many  different  routes  for  those 
attending  the  convention  from  New  York 
and  the  south.  It  is  possible  to  reach  the 
Hotel  Kaaterskill  from  New  York  by  day 
boat  to  Kingston,  connecting  with  train  on 
Ulster  &  Delaware  to  the  Hotel  Kaaterskill, 
or  by  day  boat  to  Catskill,  connecting  with 
the  Otis  Elevating  Railway  to  the  hotel.  The 
more  convenient  route,  however,  is  via  the 
West  Shore  and  Ulster  &  Delaware,  inasmuch 
as  through  parlor  cars  are  run  without  change 
from  New  York  and  Philadelphia  direct  to 
the  Hotel  Kaaterskill.  The  West  Shore  gives 
occasional  views  of  the  Hudson  from  the 
west  bank.  The  Ulster  &  Delaware  is  a 
mountain  railroad,  running  through  the  heart 
of  the  Catskills. 

The  following  tentative  schedule  is  given, 
as  based  on  last  year's  time  table.  More  de- 
tailed arrangements  will  be  announced  later 
in  the  library  periodicals  and  the  A.  L.  A. 
Bulletin  for  May.  Through  parlor  cars  will 
run  from  Philadelphia,  and  also  from  Wash- 
ington if  enough  register. 

Leave  Washington  7  a.m.,  June  23. 

Leave  Baltimore  8  a.m.,  June  23. 

Leave  Philadelphia  10.15  a.m.,  June  23. 

Leave  New  York  (West  Shore  Railroad) 
about  i  p.m.,  June  23. 

Arrive  Hotel  Kaaterskill  (Ulster  &  Dela- 
ware) about  6  p.m. 

The  round-trip  fare,  all  rail,  from  New 
York  is  $5.79;  from  Philadelphia,  $9.39;  from 
Washington,  $15.79.  The  parlor  car  fare  is 
75  cents  from  New  York,  $1.25  from  Phila- 
delphia, and  $2  from  Washington. 

WESTERN   PARTY 

No  special  rates  will  be  granted  by  the  rail- 
roads from  Chicago  and  the  west  to  the 
Kaaterskill  Conference.  The  regular  summer 
excursion  tickets  to  New  York  City  may  be 
purchased  and  a  side  trip  made  to  the  meet- 
ing. If  ticket  reads  via  Albany  and  the  West 
Shore  Railroad  to  New  York  City,  delegates 
should  stop  at  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  and  buy  local 
ticket  to  the  Hotel  Kaaterskill,  the  rate  being 
$1.35.  After  the  meeting,  a  local  ticket  to 
New  York  City,  costing  $2.66,  will  have  to  be 
purchased,  as  it  will  be  necessary  to  validate 
the  excursion  ticket  in  New  York  before  re- 
turning home. 

Summer  excursion  rates  from  Chicago  to 
New  York  City  and  return  are  $27  and  $30, 
according  to  route  chosen.  Rates  have  been 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


221 


quoted  by  both  the  differential  and  standard 
lines,  including  the  trip  from  Kingston,  via 
the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad  to  Hotel 
Kaaterskill  and  the  journey  to  New  York 
City  after  the  meeting,  of  $30.56  and  $33.56, 
respectively. 

Sleeping-car  rates,  Chicago  to  New  York, 
lower  berth,  $5;  upper  berth,  $4. 

The  regular  one-way  rate,  Chicago  to  Ho- 
tel Kaaterskill,  via  Kingston',  is  $18.12,  or 
$20.67,  according  to  route. 

It  is  expected  that  enough  will  register  to 
enable  the  travel  committee  to  run  a  special 
train  from  Chicago  through  to  Hotel  Kaater- 
skill without  change.  Train  will  leave  Chi- 
cago Sunday  noon,  arriving  at  destination 
Monday  afternoon,  June  23. 

Members  from  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City, 
Omaha  and  other  points  west  of  Chicago  are 
expected  to  join  the  special  train  at  Chicago. 

Michigan  delegates  may  join  the  special 
party  at  Detroit. 

All  correspondence  regarding  transporta- 
tion to  the  meeting  from  the  middle  west 
should  be  addressed  to  John  F.  Phelan,  Chi- 
cago Public  Library,  with  whom  registration 
for  special  train  should  be  made. 

POST   CONFERENCE   TRIP 

The  committee  is  planning  a  week's  excur- 
sion to  the  Adirondacks,  spending  a  day  en 
route  at  Albany  for  inspection  of  the  new 
State  Library  and  Educational  Building  then 
going  on  by  rail  to  Racquette  Lake,  staying 
there  for  one  or  two  days,  in  order  to  make 
an  excursion  to  Blue  Mountain  Lake,  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  in  the  Adirondack  region. 
Thence  the  party  will  split  into  two  sections, 
one  going  north  around  the  mountains  to 
Hotel  Champlain,  thence  to  Au  Sable  Chasm 
and  return  to  Albany.  The  other  section 
will  go  to  Lake  Placid  for  a  three-days'  stay, 
with  opportunity  to  make  excursions  from 
there  to  various  points  of  interest.  One  of 
the  .excursions  will  be  Au  Sable  Chasm. 

The  inclusive  cost  of  this  nine-day  trip  will 
be  between  $50  and  $60.  Registration  should 
be  made  with  Mr.  F.  W.  Faxon,  83  Francis 
street,  Fenway,  Boston,  Mass. 

Those  from  both  east  and  west,  holding 
through  tickets  to  the  Catskills  via  Albany, 
can  use  same  on  the  return,  with  stop-over 
at  Albany  for  this  trip. 

Below  is  the  tentative  outline  of  the  Post 
Conference  itinerary: 

Leave  Kaaterskill  Hotel,  Saturday  after- 
noon, June  28,  spending  Saturday  night,  Sun- 
day and  Sunday  night  at  Albany.  On  Sun- 
day, June  29,  members  of  the  State  Library 
staff  will  be  on  duty  to  act  as  guides  to  the 
new  Educational  Building,  and  the  various 
reading  rooms  will  be  open  to  members  of 
the  Association  during  their  stay  in  the  city. 
Monday  an  early  start  will  be  made  for 
Racquette  Lake,  Adirondacks,  breakfast  be- 
ing served  on  the  train  if  possible.  The  route 
is  picturesque  and  interesting,  via  Old  Forge 


and  by  steamer  through  the  Fulton  Chain 
Lakes  (First,  Second,  Third  and  Fourth 
Lakes)  to  Eagle  Bay,  and  thence  by  rail  to 
Racquette  Lake,  where  Monday  night,  Tues- 
day and  Wednesday  will  be  spent,  including, 
on  one  of  these  days,  that  unique  trip  to  Blue 
Mountain  Lake  via  Marion  River,  Marion 
River  Carry  Railway,  Utowana  Lake  and 
Eagle  Lake  (with  opportunity  for  good 
climbers  to  ascend  Blue  Mountain).  The 
other  day  here  will  be  left  free  for  individual 
excursions  about  Racquette  Lake  or  to  Sixth, 
Seventh  and  Eighth  Lakes. 

Thursday,  June  3,  the  party  will  proceed 
by  rail  north,  and  the  alternative  will  be 
offered  of  three  days  at  Lake  Placid  or  at 
Hotel  Champlain,  Bluff  Point  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  with  opportunity  to  stay  longer  at  fa- 
vorable rates  at  either  place  as  individuals 
may  desire. 

Party  number  one  will  be  entertained  at 
Lake  Placid  Club,  on  Mirror  Lake,  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  spots  in  the  mountains,  and 
can  make  many  interesting  trips  from  there 
by  motor,  such  as  Saranac,  Loon  Lake,  Keene 
Valley,  Wilmington  Notch,  St.  Huberts,  Au 
Sable  Chasm.  This  last-named,  one  of  the 
wonders  of  the  region,  will  be  included  in 
the  party  ticket.  During  the  stay  at  Placid 
special  entertainments  will  be  provided. 

Party  number  two  at  Hotel  Champlain  will 
also  visit  Au  Sable  Chasm,  and  can  make 
trips  on  Lake  Champlain.  Members  can  re- 
turn to  Albany  via  Lake  George,  that  gem  of 
Mountain  lakes,  instead  of  by  rail,  this  alter- 
native costing  $1.50  extra. 

Thus  a  post  conference  trip  is  arranged, 
giving  all  a  glimpse  of  the  Racquette  Lake 
region,  little  known  to  most  of  us,  and  then 
a  choice  enabling  those  familiar  with  Placid, 
or  with  lakes  Champlain  and  George,  to 
choose  the  one  desired,  both  parties  seeing 
Au  Sable  Chasm,  which  is  less  known  and  a 
real  wonder. 

HOTEL  RESERVATIONS 

Rates  at  the  Hotel  Kaaterskill  to  librarians 
during   the   week   of   the   conference   are   as 
follows : 
Two  persons  in  double  room  without  private 

bath,  $3  per  day  each. 
Two    persons    in    double    room    with    private 

bath,  $4.50  per  day  each. 
One  person   in   single   room  without  private 

bath,  $4  per  day. 
One  person  in  room  with  private  bath,  $6  per 

day. 

Application  for  reservations  should  be  made 
to  Harrison  S.  Downs,  manager  of  Hotel 
Kaaterskill,  Berkeley  Lyceum,  19-21  West 
44th  street,  New  York  City.  Use  this  ad- 
dress until  date  of  opening  of  conference. 
State  definitely  price  you  wish  to  pay, 
whether  alone  or  with  room-mate,  and,  if  with 
latter,  full  name  and  address  of  room-mate 
(or  room-mates).  It  is  absolutely  essential, 
to  avoid  possible  errors,  that  the  booking 


222 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913, 


office  should  know  full  name  and  home  ad- 
dress of  each  person  for  whom  reservation 
is  made.  If  ordering  rooms  for  a  party,  be 
sure  to  state  names  of  all  those  for  whom 
you  are  ordering,  and  the  various  persons 
who  wish  to  room  together.  Small  children, 
occupying  room  with  adults,  will  be  received 
at  rate  of  $3  per  day. 

The  hotel  has  a  number  of  corner,  two  and 
three-room  suites,  with  private  baths,  that 
would  accommodate  parties  of  five  and  seven, 
respectively,  desiring  private  bath.  Also  a 
number  of  rooms  without  private  bath,  but 
near  a  public  one,  are  very  large  and  can 
comfortably  accommodate  four  persons. 

The  management  has  agreed  to  give  the 
librarians  the  exclusive  use  of  the  entire  ho- 
tel for  the  week  of  June  23-28.  Those  wish- 
ing to  remain  longer  can  do  so  at  the  same 
rate  quoted  the  conference.  It  is  hoped  that 
all  delegates  will  plan  to  remain  during  the 
entire  time  of  the  meetings. 

It  is  probable  that,  notwithstanding  the  size 
of  the  hotel,  the  capacity  will  be  taxed  to  the 
utmost,  and  it  is  recommended  reservation 
be  secured  early.  The  Kaaterskill  conference 
promises  to  be  the  largest  in  the  history  of 
the  Association.  The  management  has  ar- 
ranged for  any  possible  overflow  to  be  cared 
for  at  the  Laurel  Hotel,  about  a  mile  from 
the  Kaaterskill.  Transportation  to  and  from 
the  latter  will  be  provided  free. 

PROGRAM 

Various  specialized  forms  of  library  work 
will  be  the  thread  running  through  the  gen- 
eral sessions  at  the  Kaaterskill  Conference. 
During  the  past  decade,  arms  of  the  service, 
clearly  legitimate  and  needed,  but  previously 
undreamed  of,  have  undergone  an  extraor- 
dinary development.  To  gather  up  and  ex- 
hibit, with  special  reference  to  their  far- 
reaching  results,  the  most  conspicuous  and 
the  most  important  of  these  new  phases  of 
library  activity  is  the  desire  of  the  president 
and  his  collaborating  members  of  the  pro- 
gram committee. 

Six  general  sessions  will  be  held,  one  on 
each  day  of  the  conference.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  the  first  session  on  Monday  evening, 
the  general  sessions  will  be  held  in  the  morn- 
ing, as  has  proved  popular  at  previous  meet- 
ings of  the  Association.  The  "president's 
message"  will  be  delivered  on  Monday  eve- 
ning, probably  followed  by  an  address  by  an 
accredited  delegate  from  the  National  Edu- 
cation Association.  At  this  session  it  is  also 
the  intention  to  read  brief  messages  from 
some  of  the  leading  men  and  women  of  the 
English-speaking  world,  expressing  their  opin- 
ion or  criticism  or  approbation  of  some  fea- 
ture of  library  work,  these  expressions  being 
replies  to  specific  questions  addressed  person- 
ally to  the  various  individuals.  It  is  hoped 
and  expected  that  these  views  of  ourselves, 
"as  others  see  us,"  will  be  both  informing  and 
helpful. 


At  the  second  session,  on  Tuesday  morn- 
ing, library  work  among  foreigners  will  be 
discussed,  first  from  the  point  of  view  of  the 
newcomer,  who  has  just  reached  the  over- 
crowded foreign  section  of  a  great  city,  and, 
second,  from  that  of  one  who  is  struggling  in 
the  midst  of  our  industrial  conditions  to  find 
himself  and  make  a  home  ior  himself  and  his 
family.  Library  work  among  defectives,  in- 
mates of  prisons,  the  insane,  the  sick  and  crip- 
pled in  state  and  county  hospitals,  and  among, 
the  colored  races,  both  black  and  yellow,  will 
also  be  considered  at  this  session. 

Farmers,  artisans  and  housekeepers — how 
the  message  of  the  book  is  being  carried  to- 
these  classes,  will  be  the  theme  of  the 
Wednesday  session.  What  the  library  is  do- 
ing to  help  housekeepers  has,  we  believe,  never 
been  treated  at  an  A.  L.  A.  conference,  but 
it  is  well  worthy  of  consideration,  and  the 
Association  hopes  to  have  a  woman,  notable 
in  the  field  of  economics,  as  the  exponent  of 
this  theme. 

The  next  session  will  show  how  the  elfi- 
ciency  of  modern  business  has  been  applied 
to  our  legislative  methods,  the  drafting  of 
bills  and  the  preparation  of  city  ordinances, 
through  the  legislative  and  municipal  refer- 
ence bureaus,  which  are  so  rapidly  becoming 
important  departments  of  our  state  and  large 
city  libraries.  On  the  same  business  methods 
have  been  established  the  business  branches 
and  the  rooms  specially  set  apart  for  civic 
subjects.  This  will  be  the  theme  for  a  paper, 
as  will  also  the  rapidly  developing  function 
of  the  special  library  of  the  corporation  or 
business  firm. 

Work  for  the  children,  in  its  twofold  as- 
pect, in  the  public  library  and  in  the  public 
school,  will  be  Friday's  theme.  The  purport 
of  these  papers  will  be  to  show  the  changing 
conditions  of  child  life  in  modern  civilization 
and  what  the  library  is  doing  to  meet  the 
effects  of  these  changes.  Work  in  high  and 
normal  schools  will  receive  particular  atten- 
tion in  other  papers. 

Tfie  closing  session  will  appropriately  deal 
with  "the  world  of  books,"  leaving  in  the 
minds  of  those  present  at  the  conference  re- 
newed emphasis  of  our  central  aim,  and  giv- 
ing expression  to  our  belief  in  the  efficacy  of 
the  printed  page.  One  or  two  bookish  papers 
by  connoisseurs  of  the  art  of  literary  discrim- 
ination will  be  listened  to  with  interest,  and  a 
short,  snappy  book  symposium,  perhaps,  will 
close  the  session. 

REGISTRATION  FOR  LIBRARY  POSITIONS 

THE  executive  office  of  the  American  Li- 
brary Association  has  prepared  a  registration 
form  for  those  wishing  to  register  a  desire 
for  change  of  position.  A  copy  of  the  blank 
will  be  sent  to  any  member  of  the  Associa- 
tion requesting  it.  Applicant  is  requested  to 
enclose  a  two-cent  stamp  for  reply.  While 
no  guarantee  of  assistance  can,  of  course,  be 


April,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


223 


made  by  the  headquarters  office,  it  is  well  for 
those  wishing  for  sufficient  reasons  to  change 
positions  to  have  their  desire  registered  with 
the  secretary  of  the  A.  L.  A.  Information 
furnished  will  be  considered  as  confidential 
and  used  only  for  purposes  intended  by  the 
applicant. 

Questions  asked  in  the  blank  are  as  fol- 
lows: 

Date  of  this  registration 

Name  in  full 

Address  (permanent) 

Address  (temporary,  or  until) 

State  fully  all  schools  (above  grammar 
grade)  and  colleges  or  universities  you 
have  attended,  with  period  of  attendance  at 
each 

Degrees,  when  and  where  obtained 

Have  you  traveled  abroad?  When?  Where? 
How  long? 

Languages  you  read  easily 

Languages  you  read  with  assistance  of  a  dic- 
tionary 

Library  training  and  experience 

Positions  held,  with  approximate  dates;  and 
salary  received 

Nature  of  appointment  desired 

Salary  expected 

Part  of  country  preferred 

Physical  condition 

References 

A.   L.   A.    COMMITTEE   ON  BINDING 

The  publishers  of  the  Encyclopaedia  Britan- 
nica  are  planning  to  publish  a  yearbook  cover- 
ing the  year  1912,  in  a  form  to  correspond 
with  the  India  paper  edition  of  the  encyclo- 
paedia. They  are  not  planning  to  issue  an 
edition  on  regular  paper  in  a  special  binding 
for  the  use  of  libraries,  but  indicate  a  willing- 
ness to  do  this,  provided  there  is  sufficient 
demand  for  it.  Librarians  who  prefer  the 
regular  edition  in  a  special  binding  should 
write  at  once  either  to  the  publishers  of  the 
Encyclopedia  Britannica,  116  West  32d  street, 
New  York  City,  or  to  the  chairman  of  the  A. 
L.  A.  Committee  on  binding,  who  will  see  that 
the  protest  is  made  to  the  publishers. 

A.   L.   BAILEY,  Chairman, 
A.  L.  A.  Committee  on  Binding, 

Wilmington  (Del.)  Institute  Free  Library. 

REPRINT   OF   REPORT    ON    NEWSPRINT   PAPER 

The  report  of  the  A.  L.  A.  committee  on 
newsprint  paper  has  been  reprinted  from  the 
January  Bulletin  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  and  any 
specified  number  of  copies  will  be  sent  free 
from  the  headquarters  office  to  those  who 
can  use  them  to  advantage  in  the  campaign 
for  better  newspaper  paper. 

GEORGE  B.  UTLEY,  Secretary. 


State  !E4t>rars  Commissions 

OREGON  LIBRARY  COMMISSION 

The  fourth  biennial  report  of  the  Oregon 
Library  Commission  chronicles  no  "new  ex- 
periments or  undertakings,  but  simply  explains 
once  more  what  is  being  done  and  what  needs 
to  be  done  towards  supplying  the  people  of 
Oregon  with  the  books  they  want  and  ought 
to  have,  and  outlines  briefly  the  history  of 
the  library  part  of  the  wonderful  educational 
development  of  the  state  during  the  past  two 
years." 

1.  As  a  state  lending  library  (a  mail-order 
library),  the  commission  has  sent  out  44,849 
books,  pamphlets  and   clippings,   these  books 
having  been  circulated  through  the  traveling 
libraries  and   from  the  general  loan   system, 
the  debate  libraries  and  the  reference  collec- 
tion.   Most  of  these  books  have  been  reissued 
from  local  centers.     It  is  impossible  to  give 
the  total  circulation  to  individuals,  as  there 
are  no  records  kept  except  for  the  traveling 
library   books,   the   circulation   of   which   has 
been   63,704.     There   are    105    new   traveling 
library  stations,  or  branches  of  the  commission 
library ;  2750  books  have  been  added  in  travel- 
ing library  units,  and  22,785  volumes,  cleaned, 
mended    and    fumigated,    have    been   shipped. 
The  commission  now  has  a  library  of  24,000 
books    and    pamphlets,    and    11,300    classified 
clippings,    supplementing   them    and   bringing 
to  date  the  information  upon  public  questions, 

2.  As  a  state  reference  library,  20,064  vol- 
umes   and    pamphlets    have    been    loaned    to 
schools,  debating  societies  and  granges. 

3.  As  a  center  for  school  library  work,  the 
commission  has  examined  hundreds  of  books 
annually,  in  order  to  select  the  very  best  for 
the  school  list,  acting  as  agent  for  the  annual 
purchase  of  books   required  by  law    (having 
bought  58,388  volumes  for  schools  during  the 
period  covered  by  this  report,  at  a  saving  of 
over  $i  1,000  through  this  centralized  buying, 
as   compared  with  buying  by  individual   dis- 
tricts), and  in  issuing  publications  which  are 
intended  to  make  these  volumes  most  service- 
able to  the  teachers  and  pupils. 

4.  As  an  advisory  board  and  clearing  house 
for  public  libraries  of  the  state,  the  commis- 
sion has  carried  out  the  provisions  of  the  law 
to  the  extent  allowed  by  its  appropriation. 

All  these  lines  of  work  have  been  greatly 
extended  during  the  past  two  years,  and  nine 
new  public  library  buildings  have  been  erected. 

The  commission  asks  for  more  money  to 
carry  on  its  work,  and  more  room  to  handle 
the  15,000  books  continually  being  received 
and  sent  out. 

MINNESOTA  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  COMMISSION 

The  report  of  the  Minnesota  Library  Com- 
mission for  the  nineteen  months  ending  July, 
1912,  gives  first  in  detail  the  library  situation 
all  over  the  state,  with  illustrated  accounts 
of  new  libraries  established,  and,  second,  the 


224 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April  1913 


report  of  the  traveling  libraries.  The  com- 
mission has  organized,  reorganized  or  cata- 
loged 27  libraries,  held  round-tables,  estab- 
lished and  developed  libraries  in  charitable 
and  penal  institutions,  conducted  a  six-weeks' 
course  in  library  methods  as  a  department 
of  the  University  Summer  School,  sent  out 
exhibits  and  worked  with  high,  normal  and 
agricultural  schools  along  library  lines. 

Fifty-two  libraries  have  been  founded  since 
1900,  and  ten  more  circulating  libraries  than 
in  1910. 

"There  are  now  only  ten  incorporated 
places,  having  a  population  of  over  2000, 
which  have  no  public  library,  and  four  of 
these  .  .  .  have  access  to  libraries  in  nearby 
cities,  leaving  but  six  places  of  this  size  which 
have  no  access  to  libraries.  .  .  .  Of  the  86 
counties  in  the  state,  there  are  18  which  have 
no  permanent  library  foundation.  These  are 
for  the  most  part  the  newer,  sparsely  settled 
counties,  only  one  of  which  has  a  total  popu- 
lation of  over  20,000.  There  are,  in  round 
numbers,  about  800,000  volumes  in  public  and 
traveling  libraries  of  the  state,  but  as  the 
majority  of  these  books  are  in  the  larger 
cities,  and  so  large  a  proportion  of  our  popu- 
lation live  in  rural  communities,  statistics 
show  that  about  one  million  people  in  Minne- 
sota have  no  access  to  books,  except  as  these 
are  provided  in  the  school  libraries,  which 
contain  1,422,628  volumes." 

In  the  traveling  libraries,  there  are  26,448 
volumes,  with  a  circulation  of  113,453. 

IOWA    LIBRARY   COMMISSION   REPORT 

Library  work  in  Iowa  has  reached  the  period 
of  steady  growth,  and  the  report  for  the  years 
1910-1912  deals  "not  so  much  with  an  enumer- 
ation of  new  fields  that  have  been  entered  and 
new  libraries  established,  but  more  with  the 
strengthening  and  deepening  of  the  influence 
of  public  libraries  in  the  various  communities 
where  they  have  existed  for  a  sufficient  num- 
ber of  years  to  have  made  a  place  for  them- 
selves in  community  life  and  to  be  recognized 
as  educational  agencies." 

The  number  of  free  public  libraries  in  the 
state  on  the  municipal  tax  basis  has  now 
reached  112.  Fourteen  of  the  99  counties  of 
the  state  are  now  without  free  public  libraries 
supported  by  taxation.  Thirteen  library  build- 
ings have  been  built  by  Mr.  Carnegie  during 
the  past  two  years,  and  about  forty  subscrip- 
tion libraries  are  in  operation.  The  State 
Board  of  Control  of  the  State  Institutions  has 
restored  the  position  of  supervising  librarian 
of  state  institutions. 

In  discussing  general  library  laws,  the  re- 
port makes  several  recommendations  as  to  the 
number  of  library  trustees,  raising  the  max- 
imum tax  levy  to  at  least  five  mills,  and  com- 
ments upon  the  need  of  definitive  legislation 
as  to  the  status  of  the  library  in  commission 
governed  cities. 

The  work  of  the  Traveling  Library  has  in- 


creased to  a  circulation  of  58,196.  There  are 
22,823  books  in  the  collection  and  278  new 
stations  have  been  registered.  Of  these  134 
are  from  schools  and  80  from  clubs.  The 
Summer  School  for  Library  Training,  held  in 
connection  with  the  summer  session  of  the 
State  University,  was  held  in  1911,  but  tem- 
porarily discontinued  in  1912. 

PENNSYLVANIA  FREE  LIBRARY  COMMISSION 

The  Pennsylvania  Free  Library  Commis- 
sion, in  Library  Notes  for  January,  reports 
for  the  year  a  "steady  advance  all  along  the 
line."  Braddock,  Montrose  and  other  towns 
are  extending  branches  outside  their  own 
areas ;  from  the  library  of  Montrose,  a  sys- 
tem of  traveling  libraries,  with  thirty-eight 
stations,  covers  a  whole  county.  The  con- 
sulting librarian  has  visited  135  libraries, 
made  190  visits,  attended  n  library  meetings 
within  the  station  and  49  meetings  for  pro- 
moting, reorganizing,  etc.  390  traveling  li- 
braries have  been  loaned,  with  18,181  vol- 
umes, including  loans  to  public  libraries. 
Nine  new  libraries  were  opened  to  the  public, 
and  six  reorganized  either  partially  or  en- 
tirely. 


State  Xifcrarp  association* 

CONNECTICUT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Connecticut 
Library  Association  was  held  at  Stamford, 
Feb.  20,  1913,  in  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
next  to  the  Ferguson  Library.  Rev.  J.  Smith 
Dodge  gave  an  address  of  welcome,  mentioning 
also  facts  of  interest  in  connection  with  the 
history  and  present  condition  of  the  Fergu- 
son Library.  It  was  founded  through  the 
generosity  of  John  Day  Ferguson,  who  gave 
$10,000  to  establish  it.  Later,  other  citizens 
erected  a  beautiful  and  convenient  library 
building,  for  which  the  city  had  given  a  good 
site,  and  now  also  appropriates  $10,000  a  year 
for  the  maintenance  of  the  library. 

Miss  Margaret  B.  Foley,  head  of  the  refer- 
ence room  in  the  Hartford  Public  Library, 
read  a  paper  on  the  use  of  Connecticut  docu- 
ments in  a  small  library.  Miss  Foley  empha- 
sized the  value  of  the  state  register  and  the 
revised  statutes  for  every  library.  The 
pamphlets  of  the  Connecticut  Public  Library 
committee  are  of  great  use,  and  the  State 
Board  of  Education  furnishes  important  lists 
and  bulletins.  Bulletins  of  the  agricultural 
experiment  stations  and  the  Geological  and 
Natural  History  Commission  give  valuable  and 
attractive  material  for  school  work. 

"What   I   have  a   right  to   expect  from  a 
public  library"   was   the  subject  of  five  ten- 
minute    talks    which    followed.      Mr.    Ira    T. 
Chapman,  of  South  Norwalk,  a  school  super- 
intendent,   declared    it    very    proper    for    thefc 
library  to  devote  considerable  attention  to  the* 
immature  members  of  society,  the  children  in 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


225 


schools,  in  order  that  they  may  become  in- 
telligent mature  users  of  the  library.  He 
urged  that  both  school  and  library  study  care- 
fully local  conditions  and  cooperate  to  guide 
children  to  an  appreciation  of  literature. 

Mrs.  Louis  K.  Gould,  of  Bridgeport,  gave 
the  opinion  of  several  clubwomen,  who  ex- 
pect from  the  public  library  standard  works, 
new  books  on  government  and  household  eco- 
nomics, all  good;  also  all  popular  fiction,  the 
latest  books  for  students  of  art,  the  drama 
and  history,  plenty  of  magazines  and  music 
scores.  Mrs.  Gould,  on  behalf  of  all  women 
who  use  the  library,  desires,  in  addition  to  a 
good  catalog,  open  shelves  and  trained  libra- 
rians, that  the  library  should  be  thoroughly 
clean,  well  lighted,  well  ventilated,  well  fu- 
migated, and  the  reading  and  reference  rooms 
quiet. 

H.  R.  Huntting,  of  Springfield,  as  a  busi- 
ness man,  said  that  he  had  noticed  a  lack  of 
business  methods  in  some  smaller  towns.  He 
thinks  a  competent  librarian  should  decide 
what  books  to  buy,  without  waiting  for  meet- 
ings of  book  committee,  and  believes  that 
business  men  are  often  glad  to  contribute 
money  for  technical  books. 

Mrs.  Alfred  T.  Child,  of  the  Housekeeping 
Experiment  Station,  Stamford,  believes  that 
in  the  next  five  years  a  great  deal  will  be 
written  on  the  subject  of  household  economy; 
she  expressed  the  hope  that  libraries  will  get 
the  best  books  on  the  subject,  and  see  that 
they  are  well  classified  and  circulated. 

Schuyler  Merritt,  of  Stamford,  spoke  as  a 
manufacturer.  He  referred  to  the  changed 
conditions  in  the  industrial  world — that  now 
employers  deal  with  their  employees  not  as 
individual  workmen,  but  as  a  mass  of  men, 
who  are  almost  a  part  of  the  machinery.  But 
the  library  should  keep  these  men  from  losing 
their  individuality  by  refreshing  their  minds 
and  making  them  read  and  think  sanely  for 
themselves. 

By  invitation  of  the  trustees  of  the  Fergu- 
son Library,  the  association  had  luncheon  in 
the  Baptist  Church. 

In  the  afternoon,  after  the  report  of  the 
nominating  committee,  composed  of  Prof.  W. 
J.  James,  of  Wesleyan  University;  Miss 
Dotha  Stone  Pinneo,  of  Norwalk,  and  Miss 
Helen  K.  Gay,  of  New  London,  the  follow- 
ing officers  were  elected:  President,  Walter 
B.  Briggs,  of  Hartford ;  vice  -  presidents, 
Charles  S.  Thayer,  of  Hartford;  Mrs.  F.  H. 
Dart,  of  Niantic;  S.  P.  Willard,  of  Colches- 
ter; Mrs.  Lily  Gunn  Smith,  of  Washington; 
General  W.  A.  Aiken,  of  Norwich;  secretary, 
Miss  Edith  McHarg  Steele,  of  Waterbury; 
treasurer,  Miss  Lilian  M.  Stedman,  of  Suf- 
field. 

Resolutions  relative  to  the  extension  of 
parcel  post  privileges  to  library  books  were 
adopted. 

Miss  Annie  Carroll  Moore,  supervisor  of 
work  with  children  in  the  New  York  Public 
Library,  was  the  speaker  of  the  afternoon 


session.  Miss  Moore  spoke  first  of  her  in- 
debtedness to  Miss  Hewins,  and  referred  to  a 
pamphlet,  "Books  for  the  young,"  prepared 
by  Miss  Hewins  in  1882.  She  said  that  the 
New  York  Public  Library  continually  con- 
sults with  Miss  Hewins  on  matters  connected 
with  the  choice  of  children's  literature  for 
special  purposes,  and  that  we  all  realize  our 
dependence  upon  her  knowledge  and  experi- 
ence. Very  effective  lantern  slides  were  used 
by  Miss  Moore  to  illustrate  her  talk  on  the 
work  which  New  York  is  doing  for  children 
through  its  forty  or  more  branches.  Pictures 
were  shown  of  children's  rooms  swarming 
with  visitors,  and  of  roof  gardens  where  chil- 
dren are  pleasantly  accommodated  in  summer 
time.  Groups  of  boys  and  girls  were  seen 
listening  to  stories  in  English,  while  others 
were  being  entertained  by  stories  told  in  for- 
eign tongues,  such  as  Russian,  Italian  and 
Bohemian. 

After  a  vote  of  thanks  had  been  given  to 
the  trustees  of  the  Ferguson  Library,  the 
members  adjourned  to  visit  the  library  build- 
ing. HARRIET  S.  WRIGHT,  Secretary. 

DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA    LIBRARY    ASSO- 
CIATION 

At  the  January  meeting  of  the  association, 
January  15,  Mr.  Robert  A.  Church,  of  the 
Navy  Department,  read  a  short  paper  on 
"Ship  libraries  of  the  United  States  Navy." 
Mr.  Church  gave  a  very  interesting  account 
of  the  nature  of  the  libraries  provided  for 
the  officers  and  the  crews,  and  of  the  influ- 
ence which  these  libraries  have  had  in  lessen- 
ing the  amount  of  loafing  and  idling  in  leisure 
hours.  Offenses  against  discipline  are  much 
less  frequent  than  formerly,  and  the  general 
spirit  of  the  men  is  much  improved. 

The  late  Mr.  August  Donath,  Superintend- 
ent of  Documents,  then  spoke  briefly  on  "The 
use  and  distribution  of  public  documents." 
The  new  system  of  centralizing  the  distribu- 
tion of  documents  in  the  printing  office  is  a 
step  in  the  right  direction  and  has  done  much 
to  secure  greater  economy  by  preventing,  to 
some  extent,  the  duplication  of  names  on 
various  mailing  lists.  Mr.  Donath  was  fol- 
lowed by  Mr.  Alton  P.  Tisdel,  assistant  su- 
perintendent of  documents,  who  spoke  on 
various  features  of  the  use  of  documents. 
He  deplored  the  three  obstacles  which  have 
always  stood  in  the  way  of  the  proper  use 
of  government  publications,  namely,  the  lack 
of  proper  working  tools,  the  faulty  methods 
of  publication,  and  the  faulty  methods  of  dis- 
tribution. The  use  of  documents  has  very 
materially  increased,  however,  in  recent  years, 
on  account  of  the  greater  publicity  given 
them,  and  the  Smoot  bill,  then  before  Con- 
gress, contains  many  much-needed  provisions. 

The  February  meeting  was  held  at  the 
Public  Library,  February  19.  The  speaker 
was  Dr.  Frederick  A.  Cleveland,  chairman  of 
the  President's  commission  on  economy  and 
efficiency.  Dr.  Cleveland  gave  a  very  inter- 


226 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


esting  account  of  the  work  of  the  commis- 
sion. After  noting  briefly  the  nature  and 
immense  scope  of  the  work  expected  of  the 
commission,  he  described  the  method  in 
which  they  had  made  their  initial  survey  of 
the  task  before  them,  itself  requiring  about 
six  months,  and  then  described  the  methods 
by  which  they  have  done  their  work.  Dr. 
Cleveland  then  described  at  some  length  the 
nature  of  the  investigation  made  of  one  de- 
partment of  the  government  and  the  results  of 
this  investigation. 

After  Dr.  Cleveland's  talk  there  were  many 
questions  raised,  and  opportunity  was  then 
given  those  present  to  examine  a  collection 
of  various  forms  used  in  the  different  depart- 
mental libraries,  which  had  been  collected  for 
the  purpose  of  exhibition  in  connection  with 
this  meeting. 

NEW    YORK   HIGH   SCHOOL    LIBRARIANS' 
ASSOCIATION 

The  third  meeting  for  the  year  1912-1913 
of  the  New  York  High  School  Librarians 
Association  was  held  on  Friday  afternoon, 
Feb.  14,  1913,  at  the  Washington  Irving  High 
School. 

Following  the  regular  order  of  business, 
with  election  of  officers,  the  meeting  was  ad- 
dressed by  Miss  June  R.  Donnelly,  who 
turned  her  talk  into  a  helpful  round-table  dis- 
cussion of  the  various  methods  adopted  to 
influence  the  reading  habits  of  the  large 
groups  of  students  that  seek  the  library  in 
the  crowded  city  schools. 

The  last  meeting  of  the  year  will  be  held 
early  in  May,  and  it  is  to  be  addressed  by  Mr. 
Sherman  Williams,  of  the  New  York  State 
Education  Department. 

SARAH  E.  ANNETT,  Secretary. 

WISCONSIN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

The  twenty-second  annual  meeting  of  the 
Wisconsin  Library  Association  was  held  at 
Wausau,  March  5-7,  1913.  The  first  session 
was  opened  on  Wednesday  afternoon  at  the 
Court  House,  with  a  round-table  conducted 
by  Miss  Mary  E.  Hazeltine  on  books  that  are 
"as  interesting  as  a  novel." 

A  letter  from  Mr.  W.  E.  Curtis,  of  Wausau, 
was  read  on  the  use  of  books  on  efficiency. 
He  outlined  briefly  the  Emerson  system  of 
efficiency.  The  Hon.  J.  M.  Whitehead,  of 
Janesville,  described  the  best  books  on  mis- 
sions, and  told  of  the  good  work  the  authors 
of  these  books  had  done  and  were  still  doing 
for  the  cause. 

At  the  evening  session  Mr.  John  Callahan, 
president  of  the  Wisconsin  Teachers'  Associa- 
tion, delivered  an  address  on  "Educating  all 
the  people  all  the  time."  The  last  address  for 
the  evening  was  on  "International  peace,"  by 
Mr.  Silas  Evans,  president  of  Ripon  College. 

After  the  session,  the  board  of  trustees  of 
the  Wausau  Public  Library  entertained  at  an 
informal  reception  at  the  Public  Library. 

On  Thursday  morning  the  meeting  opened 


at  the  Court  House,  with  an  address  of  wel- 
come in  behalf  of  the  city  by  F.  P.  Regner, 
city  attorney  of  Wausau.  Mr.  C.  E.  Turner 
also  spoke  briefly,  welcoming  the  library 
workers.  Then  followed  the  address  of  the 
Hon.  W.  H.  Hatton,  of  New  London,  presi- 
dent of  the  association.  A  paper  on  the  se- 
lection of  fiction,  by  Miss  'Elva  L.  Bascom, 
editor  of  the  A.  L.  A.  Booklist,  was  most 
interesting. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Dousman  spoke  on  "The 
child  and  his  book,"  and  Miss  Martha  Dunn, 
of  Stanley,  sent  a  paper  in  which  she  out- 
lined the  possibilities  of  work  for  children 
in  a  small  library.  Miss  Katharine  Barker, 
of  Merrill,  gave  an  interesting  account  of  the 
story  hour  for  older  children.  "Children  and 
consideration  for  others"  was  the  subject  of 
a  paper  by  Miss  Mabel  Smith,  of  Watertown, 
in  which  she  related  her  experiences  with  dis- 
cipline in  the  library. 

Miss  Cecile  M.  Fennelly,  of  Ashland,  spoke 
on  "Winning  friends  for  the  library."  She 
gave  various  means  of  publicity  now  used  in 
order  to  increase  interest  in  the  library. 

"The  budget  justified"  was  the  subject  of  a 
talk  by  Miss  L.  E.  Stearns,  of  Madison.  By 
means  of  charts,  the  numerous  activities  of  a 
library  were  illustrated,  and  it  was  also  shown 
that  amounts  appropriated  for  schools  in  the 
last  seven  years  had  increased  150  per  cent., 
that  for  general  expenses  about  100  per  cent., 
and  for  libraries  only  40  per  cent. 

The  keynote  of  the  afternoon  session  was 
the  advisability  of  opening  the  library  to 
country  borrowers.  Mr.  M.  S.  Dudgeon  gave 
a  talk  on  "Why  should  we  open  our  library  to 
country  borrowers?"  He  treated  the  subject 
from  a  business  standpoint,  and  called  atten- 
tion to  the  benefits  derived  by  the  merchants 
from  frequent  visits  of  country  patrons  to 
the  city. 

Prof .  C.  E.  Hulten,  of  Park  Falls,  delivered 
a  paper  on  "What  our  country  neighbors 
read."  He  spoke  of  the  average  periodicals 
in  the  homes  and  the  need  of  stimulating 
reading  through  schools  and  libraries. 

"What  the  city  librarian  can  do  for  coun- 
try readers"  was  discussed  by  Miss  E.  B.  Mc- 
Donald, superintendent  of  schools  of  Oconto 
county.  She  outlined  ways  and  means  of 
bringing  country  teachers  in  touch  with  the 
library.  The  closing  feature  of  the  afternoon 
session  was  a  round-table  on  "What  we  are 
doing  to  get  country  readers,"  conducted  by 
Miss  Van  Buren,  of  Madison.  Reports  from 
Miss  Lansing,  Neenah;  Miss  Hamilton, 
Whitewater;  Miss  Barker,  Merrill;  Miss  Al- 
len, Rhinelander;  and  Miss  Dunn,  Stanley, 
were  heard.  Immediately  after  the  close  of 
the  session,  the  association  was  entertained 
at  an  afternoon  tea  by  the  Ladies'  Literary 
Club  at  the  Wausau  Club. 

The  evening  meeting  took  place  at  the 
Methodist  Church,  and  consisted  of  music  by 
the  Ladies'  Quartette  and  a  reading  of  Sheri- 
dan's "The  rivals."  The  reading  was  followed 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


227 


by  a  brief  address  by  Mr.  Ewing,  urging  upon 
the  public  the  advantages  'of  such  dramatic 
readings. 

The  closing  session  on  Friday  morning 
opened  with  a  business  meeting.  The  nomi- 
nating committee  made  the  following  report: 
President,  Miss  Mary  A.  Smith,  Public  Li- 
brary, Madison;  vice-president,  Mr.  W.  K. 
Coffin,  Eau  Claire;  secretary,  Miss  Gertrude 
Cobb,  Janesville  Public  Library;  treasurer, 
Mrs.  F.  D.  Short,  Normal  School,  Stevens 
Point.  The  report  of  the  committee  was 
unanimously  accepted. 

Invitations  for  the  next  state  meeting  were 
received  from  Green  Bay,  Marinette  and  Eau 
Claire.  The  choice  of  a  meeting-place  and 
the  question  of  changing  the  time  of  meeting 
from  the  spring  to  the  fall  of  the  year  were 
left  to  the  executive  board. 

"Closer  contact  of  library  and  community" 
was  a  paper  presented  by  Prof.  C.  C.  Marsh, 
of  Antigo.  Miss  Dousman,  of  Milwaukee,  told 
of  a  plan  by  which  the  services  of  teachers 
are  secured  for  the  children's  room  on  Satur- 
day. They  are  paid  at  the  same  rate  as  for 
teaching  services. 

A  paper  on  "The  local  bookdealer,  the  li- 
brary and  the  reading  public,"  by  Miss  Zana 
K.  Miller,  of  Madison,  was  read  by  Miss 
Morgan.  Mr.  P.  Wolter,  of  the  A.  C.  Mc- 
Clurg  Book  Company,  gave  a  brief  talk  on 
business  methods  in  ordering  books. 

The  meeting  closed  with  a  question  box, 
conducted  by  Miss  Helen  Turvill,  of  Madison. 
JULIA  RUPP,  Secretary. 

GEORGIA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

At  the  tenth  meeting  of  the  Georgia  Library 
Association,  which  will  be  held  in  Carnegie 
Library  of  Atlanta,  April  28-29,  Dr.  Arthur 
E.  Bostwick,  of  St.  Louis,  will  deliver  the 
principal  address. 

Xtbrarp  Clubs 

NEW    YORK    LIBRARY    CLUB 

The  March  meeting  of  the  New  York  Li- 
brary Club  was  called  to  order  at  8 130  p.m., 
Thursday,  March  13,  in  the  lecture  room  of 
the  23d  street  Y.  M.  C  A.,  Mr.  Frederick  C 
Hicks,  president,  in  the  chair.  After  the  trans- 
action of  the  ordinary  routine  business,  in- 
cluding the  acceptance  of  the  minutes  of  the 
January  meeting  as  printed  in  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL  for  February,  and  the  election  of 
eight  new  members,  the  president  spoke  of 
the  death  of  Dr.  John  Shaw  Billings,  director 
of  the  New  York  Public  Library,  and  member 
and  former  president  of  the  Library  Club,  and 
said  that  before  proceeding  to  the  discussion 
of  the  set  program  he  would  throw  the  meet- 
ing open  for  those  tributes  of  respect  which 
members  of  the  club  would  wish  to  pay  to 
Dr.  Billings'  memory.  A  report  of  that  part 
of  the  meeting,  including  the  memorial  reso- 


lution adopted,   is  printed   in   full  in  another 
part  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 

The  March  meeting  was  the  fourth  in  the 
club's  series  of  meetings  on  the  "Relation  of 
libraries  to  the  great  movement  of  the  world 
to-day,"  and  the  special  subject  of  the  regular 
program  was  "The  relation  of  libraries  to  the 
publicity  movement."  Mr.  Hicks  introduced 
as  the  first  speaker  of  the  evening  Dr.  Talcott 
Williams,  director  of  the  School  of  Journal- 
ism, Columbia  University,  who  spoke  on 

Libraries  and  the  public  press 

Dr.  Williams'  able  and  witty  address  dealt 
primarily  with  the  great  need  for  more  up-to- 
date  information  on  topics  of  current  interest 
in  the  collections  of  most  libraries,  and  made 
many  interesting  suggestions  for  the  improve- 
ment of  the  ordinary  collections  of  current 
information,  illustrated  by  examples  of  meth- 
ods and  devices  used  in  his  own  fine  "journal- 
ist's library."  Dr.  Williams  said  in  part: 

"In  the  work  of  the  world  it  is  the  present, 
not  the  past,  that  is  important.  It  is  not  the 
past  that  decides  the  present,  but  the  present 
that  makes  the  past.  Colloquially,  it  is  the 
'is-er,'  not  the  'was-er'  who  arrives.  The  man 
who  is  studying  the  present  police  situation  in 
New  York  does  not  need  the  reports  of  some 
former  royal  commission  on  English  polite 
systems,  or  the  historical  records  of  the  French 
Revolution,  but  does  need  the  account  of  the 
Becker  trial  and  the  even  more  recent  inves- 
tigations. For  up-to-date  information  on  dir- 
igibles he  needs,  not  some  book  published  last 
year,  but  a  recent  number  of  the  Illustrated 
London  News.  Such  information,  while  it  is 
recent  and  most  serviceable,  is  found  only  in 
newspapers. 

"An  ordinary  newspaper  has  each  day  from 
600  to  looo  separate  articles  —  all  unindcxed. 
And  this  bulk  is  constantly  increasing.  Thirty 
years  ago  the  Philadelphia  Press  for  one  year 
weighed  25  pounds.  To-day  it  would  weigh 
175  pounds.  Yet  in  that  great  mass,  unin- 
dexed,  lies  the  supply  of  information  about 
the  present.  Some  few  newspaper  offices  keep 
such  information  carefully  clipped  and  indexed 
up  to  within  a  week." 

Dr.  Williams  then  spoke  enthusiastically  of 
the  merits  of  the  D.  C.  as  a  method  of  ar- 
ranging newspaper  clippings,  laying  stress  upon 
the  ease  and  exactness  of  its  close  classifica- 
tion, made  possible  by  the  many  combinations 
of  numbers  allowed. 

As  an  instance  of  the  ease  with  which  in- 
dexing of  clippings  can  be  done  by  a  reader 
of  long  experience,  Dr.  Williams  referred  to 
his  own  habit  of  assigning  classification  num- 
bers to  articles  in  the  evening  paper  while 
hanging  on  a  strap  in  a  crowded  subway  train, 
and  then  gave  an  example  of  "lightning  classifi- 
cation" of  articles  from  an  evening  paper 
which  he  had  with  him,  assigning  as  quickly 
as  he  could  write  them  down  such  numbers 
as  972.108324  1913,  present  relations  of  United 


228 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


States  and  Mexico;  949.608324  1913,  present 
Balkan  war;  613.737897471/1913,  plans  for  a 
New  York  City  stadium;  and  many  others. 
The  rapid  worker,  Dr.  Williams  said,  could  in 
from  thirty  minutes  to  one  hour  classify  for 
filing  all  the  material  which  ought  to  be  pre- 
served in  the  principal  New  York  papers  of 
one  day,  and  thus  anticipate  by  months  or 
even  years  the.  publication  of  the  government 
reports  at  Washington.  A  system  of  that  sort 
would  make  a  library  a  storehouse  where  am- 
munition would  always  be  on  hand  for  instant 
use  on  the  firing  line. 

The  second  speaker  on  the  program  was  to 
have  been  Dr.  William  H.  Allen,  director  of 
the  Bureau  of  Municipal  Research,  New  York. 
In  the  absence  of  Dr.  Allen,  who  had  been 
suddenly  called  from  the  city,  Mr.  Leo  Arn- 
stein,  secretary  of  the  Borough  of  Manhattan, 
spoke  on 

The  Municipal  Research  Library  and  publicity 
in  public  affairs 

The  fight  for  such  a  reference  library,  Mr. 
Arnstein  said,  dates  back  to  1910,  when  the 
Budget  publicity  committee  was  formed  to 
watch  over  the  fight  for  a  budget.  From  that 
committee  developed  the  Municipal  Museum, 
the  Municipal  Reference  Library  and  the  Bu- 
reau of  Municipal  Research. 

In  municipal  and  public  work  publicity  is 
necessary.  It  is  sometimes  said  in  praise  of  a 
man  that  he  does  things  and  does  not  talk 
about  them.  But  to  exercise  the  best  and 
widest  influence  the  things  which  he  does  must 
be  talked  about,  or  many  of  the  good  results 
which  they  might  accomplish  will  be  lost.  The 
budget  exhibit  was  worked  up  because  it  was 
though»t  that  the  public  ought  to  know  what 
the  city  administration  was  trying  to  accom- 
plish. Publication  of  reports  is  not  enough. 
Statistical  tables  and  complicated  reports  are 
buried  in  files  of  the  City  Record  and  are  un- 
intelligible to  the  man  in  the  street,  unless 
some  publicity  bureau  digests,  compares,  and 
diagrams  them.  The  municipal  research  li- 
brary therefore  should  have  as  its  first  duty 
publicity  —  the  making  visible  to  the  citizens 
the  things  which  are  done  in  the  city.  News- 
papers will  frequently  analyze  reports,  but 
such  analysis  is  not  always  interesting  to  the 
ordinary  reader.  To  make  such  information 
interesting  and  graphic,  so  as  to  arrest  and 
hold  attention,  is  the  work  of  the  municipal 
reference  library. 

As  city  problems  develop  and  change  every 
day,  information  must  be  kept  constantly  up- 
to-date  and  the  record  of  things  done  or  in- 
formation collected  in  the  past  must  be  com- 
plete. ^  There  should  always  be  records  of  past 
administrations  for  the  benefit  of  future  ad- 
ministrations. A  municipal  reference  library 
therefore  should  have  two  principal  duties: 
(i)  to  collect  and  store  such  information  on 
municipal  problems  and  activity;  and  (2)  to 
push  it  out  so  that  the  public  will  get  the 
benefit  of  it. 


Such  a  reference  library  may  be  either  a 
separate  institution  or  a  part  of  the  public 
library,  but  should  in  any  case  be  near  the 
city  offices,  so  that  information  which  is 
needed  at  once  can  be  supplied  at  once. 

As  an  example  of  the  idea  of  spreading  in- 
formation, Mr.  Arnstein  mentioned  the  daily 
bulletin  plan  of  the  Public  Service  Library, 
by  which  each  man  working  for  the  Public 
Service  Commission  is  informed  each  day  of 
new  articles  in  his  line  which  have  appeared. 
In  conclusion  the  speaker  compared  the  pub- 
licity movement  and  the  new  diplomacy.  The 
idea  of  the  old  diplomacy  was  to  throw  dust 
in  an  opponent's  eyes ;  that  of  the  modern,  or 
shirtsleeve  diplomacy,  is  to  put  all  the  cards 
on  the  table  and  not  try  to  fool  an  adversary. 
The  idea  of  the  publicity  movement  in  mu- 
nicipal affairs  is  that  it  pays  to  take  the  people 
into  one's  confidence,  and  an  important  means 
of  doing  this  is  found  in  the  Municipal  Ref- 
erence Library. 

In  the  absence  of  Mr.  John  Cotton  Dana, 
librarian  of  the  Newark  Public  Library,  his 
paper  on  "The  public  library  and  publicity  in 
municipal  affairs"  was  read  by  Mr.  Hicks. 

After  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  speakers  of  the 
evening  and  to  the  authorities  of  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association,  the  meeting  ad- 
journed. ISIDORE  G.  MUDGE,  Secretary. 

THE  CHICAGO  LIBRARY  CLUB 

The  Chicago  Library  Club  had  the  pleasure 
of  having  Miss  Lutie  E.  Stearns,  of  the  Wis- 
consin Free  Library  Commission,  with  them 
at  the  March  meeting.  Although  the  weather 
was  very  inclement,  a  large  number  were 
present  to  enjoy  Miss  Stearns'  talk  on  "The 
library  in  a  social  survey." 

Miss  Stearns  had  charts  showing  the  rela- 
tive position  of  the  library  as  a  social  factor 
in  different  communities ;  also  one  to  indicate 
the  inadequate  and  disproportionate  appro- 
priation, as  compared  with  other  institutions; 
and  one  large  and  ingenious  affair,  made  by  a 
librarian  in  New  York  state,  indicated  graph- 
ically the  social  relationship  of  the  families 
which  were  in  the  range  of  her  influence, 
showing  their  church  and  club  affiliations  and 
those  reached  by  the  library.  One  point  the 
speaker  made  very  emphatic  was  the  unique 
opportunity  the  library  had  of  reaching  all 
without  regard  to  class,  religion,  etc.,  because 
of  its  non-partisan,  non-sectarian  attitude. 
Then  she  told  what  the  commission  has  done 
and  hopes  to  do  in  establishing  libraries  in 
Wisconsin.  Now  there  is  only  one  town  of 
2500  inhabitants  in  that  state  that  does  not 
have  its  own  public  library.  The  plan  is  to 
have  in  every  county  a  library  at  the  county 
seat,  with  branches  at  the  rural  schools.  In 
time,  they  hope  to  have  these  connected  by 
telephone  with  the  central  library,  and  a  reg- 
ular system  of  delivery  throughout  the 
county.  After  that,  there  will  be  only  one 
more  thing  to  look  forward  to — to  have  offi- 
cial readers,  who  will  go  from  house  to  house 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


229 


to  read  the  books  to  the  people  who  are  too 
tired  to  read  to  themselves. 

HELEN  HUCHINSON,  Secretary. 

THE    WESTERN  MASSACHUSETTS  LIBRARY 
CLUB 

The  annual  midwinter  meeting  of  the  West- 
ern Massachusetts  Library  Club  was  held  in 
Northampton,  Feb.  13.  About  one  hundred 
members  were  present.  The  morning  session 
at  the  Forbes  Library  was  opened  with  a  dis- 
cussion of  "The  best  books  of  the  year  for 
small  libraries."  This  discussion  was  based 
upon  a  list  compiled  by  the  club  and  printed 
in  the  Springfield  Republican,  of  which  re- 
prints had  been  made  and  distributed.  Pro- 
fessor Herbert  Vaughn  Abbott,  of  Smith  Col- 
lege, then  delivered  a  scholarly  address  on 
"Lafcadio  Hearn,"  which  closed  the  morning 
session.  After  luncheon  and  a  visit  to  the 
Hillyer  Art  Gallery  and  other  Smith  College 
buildings,  the  members  met  at  the  Smith  Col- 
lege Library  and  listened  to  an  inspiring  talk 
on  the  "Higher  note  in  Tennyson,"  given  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Neil  McPherson.  This  was  followed 
by  an  organ  recital  in  John  M.  Green  Hall, 
Smith  College. 

ALICE  K.  MOORE.,  Secretary. 

Xibrarv  Scboois  ant>  draining 
Classes 


COLUMBIA    UNIVERSITY  SUMMER  SESSION 

The  Columbia  University  Summer  Library 
School  will  be  held  July  7-August  15.  Courses 
in  library  economy  give  instruction  in  bib- 
liography, government  documents,  cataloging, 
classification  and  administration,  with  special 
reference  to  the  school,  college  and  university 
library. 

Administration  of  the  school  library  will  be 
given  by  Miss  Mary  De  Bure  McCurdy,  su- 
pervisor of  schools  division,  Carnegie  Library 
of  Pittsburgh,  as  follows:  The  place  of  the 
library  in  the  educational  system,  including 
cooperation  with  public,  institutional,  high 
and  normal  schools;  Books  in  graded  schools, 
including  classroom  libraries,  methods  of 
charging  books,  book  selection,  etc. ;  High 
school  library  administration;  Work  with 
normal  school  teachers  and  pupils;  Methods 
of  drawing  attention  to  good  books;  Instruc- 
tion in  the  use  of  the  library.  This  course 
will  include  lectures  on  "The  child's  own  li- 
brary," by  Miss  Clara  W.  Hunt,  superintend- 
ent of  the  children's  department,  Brooklyn 
Public  Library ;  and  on  the  "School  depart- 
ment, Free  Public  Library,  Newark,"  by  Miss 
Louise  Connolly. 

Administration  of  the  college  library,  by 
Mr.  Keogh,  reference  librarian,  Yale  Uni- 
versity ;  Mr.  Frederick  C.  Hicks,  assistant 
librarian,  Columbia  University;  and  the  su- 
pervisors of  departments,  Columbia  Univer- 
sity Library.  Five  lectures  on  a  university 


library  in  its  relation  to  the  governing  board, 
the  faculty,  the  graduate  and  professional 
student,  the  undergraduate  and  the  public,  by 
Mr.  Keogh;  "The  book  and  the  reader,"  five 
lectures,  Mr.  Hicks. 

Government^  documents,  federal  and  state, 
their  acquisition,  arrangements  and  use  as 
reference  material,  15  lectures,  including 
problem  seminars,  by  Miss  Isadore  G.  Mudge, 
reference  librarian,  Columbia  University. 

History  of  the  art  of  bookmaking.  Miss 
Ruth  S.  Grannis,  librarian  of  the  Grolier 
Club;  The  printing  of  a  book,  Mr.  John  Cot- 
ton Dana,  librarian,  Free  Public  Library, 
Newark. 

Bibliography,  general  and  national.  Miss 
Helen  Rex  Keller,  Columbia  University  Li- 
brary; with  special  lectures  on  bibliography 
by  Mr.  Andrew  Keogh,  reference  librarian, 
Yale  University  Library,  and  professors  of 
Columbia  University. 

Reference  work:  Collection  of  reference 
material;  how  to  run  down  quotations;  lec- 
tures and  problems  on  reference  books,  ency- 
clopedias, indexes  to  periodicals,  annuals,  etc., 
by  Miss  Mudge. 

Cataloging,  classification,  Miss  Keller,  Miss 
Charlotte  B.  Norton,  reviser,  Columbia  Uni- 
versity Library.  Lectures  and  practice  work 
in  dictionary  cataloging  and  decimal  classifi- 
cation; the  making  of  a  "sample  catalog." 

The  tuition  fee  for  any  course  or  courses 
is  $30,  with  a  registration  fee  of  $5. 

Students  are  permitted  to  take  all  courses 
in  library  economy,  or  a  combination  of 
courses  selected  from  this  subject  and  other 
departments  of  the  summer  session,  aggregat- 
ing not  more  than  seven  points. 

For  complete  statement  of  courses  and  all 
particulars,  write  for  announcement  of  the 
summer  session  to  the  Secretary  of  Colum- 
bia University,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

SUMMER  SESSION  OF  THE  NEW  YORK  STATE 
LIBRARY    SCHOOL 

The  six-weeks'  summer  session  of  the  New 
York  State  Library  School  will  be  resumed 
this  summer  after  a  two-years'  interruption, 
due  to  the  destruction  of  the  State  Library 
in  1911.  The  course  will  begin  Wednesday, 
June  4  and  close  Friday,  July  18,  1913. 

A  general  course,  covering  the  essentials 
of  book  ordering,  cataloging  and  classification, 
loan  work,  reference  work,  selection  of  books, 
etc.,  will  be  given,  and  an  attempt  will  be 
made  to  emphasize  those  points  on  which  ex- 
perience has  shown  small  libraries  to  be  in 
most  need  of  assistance.  A  special  feature 
this  year  will  be  the  course  of  thirteen  lec- 
tures on  work  with  children  which  is  given 
in  the  regular  course  of  the  State  Library 
School  under  the  general  direction  of  Miss 
Clara  W.  Hunt,  superintendent  of  children's 
work  of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library.  This 
will  deal  with  the  selection  of  books  for  chil- 
dren's reading,  as  well  as  with  the  adminis- 
trative side  of  children's  work,  and  will  be  of 


230 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


use  to  teacher-librarians  as  well  as  to  libra- 
rians and  assistants  in  public  libraries.  It 
will  be  open  to  all  students  in  the  summer 
school. 

As  the  aim  of  the  course  is  training  for 
better  work  in  present  positions,  and  not  a 
short  road  to  new  positions,  admission  is 
limited  to  those  already  in  library  work  or 
under  definite  written  appointment  to  library 
positions.  A  few  school  librarians  or  teach- 
ers in  New  York  state,  whose  time  is  largely 
occupied  with  the  care  of  school  libraries,  will 
be  admitted  on  written  statement  of  their 
principals  or  superintendents  that  they  are  so 
employed. 

No  charge  for  tuition  is  made  to  residents 
of  New  York  state.  Others  pay  twenty  dol- 
lars for  the  course.  Only  a  limited  number 
of  students  can  be  accommodated,  and  early 
application  will  be  necessary  to  insure  admis- 
sion. Residents  of  <New  York  state  will  be 
given  preference  in  admission,  provided  their 
applications  are  received  in  time  to  be  con- 
sidered before  the  full  number  of  accepted 
candidates  is  definitely  made  up. 

A  special  circular,  giving  further  informa- 
tion, may  be  obtained  on  application  to  the 
Registrar,  State  Library  School,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

PRATT   INSTITUTE  SCHOOL   OF  LIBRARY 
SCIENCE 

The  spring  trip  this  year  includes  visits  to 
Albany,  Troy,  Springfield,  Worcester,  Boston 
(including  Brookline,  Somerville,  Cambridge 
and  Medford),  Providence  and  New  Haven. 
Miss  Gooch  will  conduct  a  party  to  Albany, 
and  the  vice-director  will  meet  them  at 
Springfield  for  the  remainder  of  the  trip. 

The  graduates  of  the  school  who  were 
present  at  the  Atlantic  City  meeting  dined  to- 
gether on  Sunday,  March  2. 

The  lecturers  for  the  past  month  have  been 
Mr.  Leon  M.  Solis-Cohen,  librarian  of  Travel- 
ing Libraries,  Brooklyn  Public  Library,  who 
gave  two  lectures  on  branch  administration, 
including  the  making  of  schedules;  Mr. 
Frederick  W.  Jenkins,  of  the  Sage  Founda- 
tion Library,  who  gave  a  lecture  of  absorbing 
interest  on  the  libraries  of  prisons  and  re- 
formatory institutions,  based  upon  recent  first- 
hand experience  in  starting  library  work  on 
Blackwells  Island;  Miss  Mary  E.  Hall,  Pratt, 
'95,  librarian  of  the  Girls'  High  School,  in 
Brooklyn,  who  talked  on  the  work  of  high 
school  libraries;  and  Mr.  Andrew  Keogh, 
reference  librarian  at  Yale.  University.  Mr. 
Keogh's  subject  was  "Some  problems  in  the 
administration  of  a  university  library." 

Among  the  practical  problems  given  in  con- 
nection with  the  course  in  book  selection  this 
term,  has  been  the  selection  of  ten  inspiring 
biographies  of  modern  women  for  the  list  of 
recommended  reading  to  be  given  to  a  chap- 
ter of  Campfire  Girls.  By  combining  the  indi- 
vidual lists  handed  in  by  the  students,  a  very 
good  bibliography  of  the  biographies  of  mod- 
ern women  has  been  made  which  we  hope  to 


print  shortly  in  the  Quarterly  Booklist  of  the 
Pratt  Institute  Free  Library. 

Another  of  the  problems  has  been  the  selec- 
tion, by  request,  of  fifty  recent  books  of  non- 
fiction  for  the  Young  Women's  Christian 
Association  in  Brooklyn,  and  a  third  was  a 
purchase  of  twenty-five  dollars'  worth  of  re- 
cent dramatic  literature.  We  are  very  glad 
of  real  problems  of  this  sort,  as  the  knowl- 
edge that  the  results  are  to  be  actually  used 
makes  the  work  of  far  greater  interest  to  the 
students. 

Among  the  visitors  to  the  school  during  the 
past  month  have  been  Miss  Katherine  Dame, 
'oo,  now  cataloger  in  the  New  York  State 
Library ;  Miss  Jessie  Welles,  '99,  superintend- 
ent of  circulation  of  the  Pittsburgh  Public 
Library;  and  Mr.  Reuben  Gold  Thwaites,  li- 
brarian of  the  Wisconsin  Historical  Society 
Library. 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

The  school  has  heard  with  great  regret  of 
the  deaths  of  Miss  Susan  C.  Foot,  '94,  and 
Miss  Bertha  S.  Wildman,  '99. 

Miss  Elizabeth  L.  Parker,  '99,  has  been 
made  children's  librarian  of  the  Webster 
Branch  of  the  New  York  Public  Library. 

Miss  Marguerite  Baldwin,  '09,  is  engaged 
as  cataloger  at  Columbia  University  for  the 
rest  of  the  current  year. 

Miss  Alice  Willigerod,  'n,  since  graduation 
head  of  the  circulation  department  of  the 
East  Orange  Public  Library,  has  been  ap- 
pointed librarian  of  the  Hazleton,  Pa.,  Pub- 
lic Library. 

Miss  Helen  E.  Crippen,  '12,  has  been  at 
work  in  the  reference  department  of  the  Den- 
ver Public  Library  during  the  winter. 

JOSEPHINE  ADAMS  RATHBONE, 
Vice-Director. 

CARNEGIE  LIBRARY  OF  PITTSBURGH  TRAIN- 
ING SCHOOL  FOR  CHILDREN'S  LIBRARIANS 

The  school  closed  March  19  for  the  Easter 
vacation,  and  reopened  for  the  spring  term 
March  25. 

In  connection  with  the  course  in  lending 
systems,  the  Training  School  students  visited 
the  Carnegie  Free  Library,  Homestead;  also 
the  libraries  of  the  Pittsburgh  University, 
Davis',  Hays'  and  t  Henrici's  bookstores  and 
inspected  the  charging  systems. 

Courses  bulletined  for  the  spring  term  are: 

JUNIOR 

"Ordering     and     accessioning,"     Mr.     C.     T. 

Hewitt. 
"Elements   of  parliamentary  law,"   Mr.  Wm. 

A.  Jordan. 

"Cataloging,"  Miss  Bertha  T.  Randall. 
"Library  buildings,"  Mr.  Harrison  W.  Craver. 
"Work   with    schools,"    Miss    Mary   de    Bure 

McCurdy. 

"Home  libraries,"  Miss  Louise  Singley. 
"Printing  and  binding,"  Mr.  Arthur  Scott. 
"Preparation  of  copy  for  printer,"  Miss  Irene 

Stewart. 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


231 


"Public  speaking,"  lecturer  not  announced  yet. 

For   the  book  selection   course,   which   ex- 
tends throughout  the  year,  the  lectures  will 
be  given  by: 
Miss  Gertrude  Blanchard,  "Travel  books  for 

children." 
Miss  Hannah  C.  Ellis,  "Poetry  and  art  books 

for  children." 

Miss  Elva  S.  Smith,  "Editions." 
Mr.  E.  H.  McClelland,  "Technical  books  for 

boys." 

Miss  Whiteman  also  continues  her  course  in 
story  telling,  taking  up  some  of  the  great 
epics  and  other  literature  which  may  be  told 
in  cycles. 

ALUMNAE  NOTES 

Kate  Keith,  '12,  has  resigned  from  the  staff 
of  the  Carnegie  Library  of  Pittsburgh.  Her 
marriage  to  Mr.  Lewis  Lazell  Beeken  took 
place  on  Monday  of  Easter  week. 

Marie  Elizabeth  Wallace,  '11,  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  succeed  Miss  Keith  as  children's 
librarian  in  central  children's  room,  Carnegie 
Library,  Pittsburgh. 

Ethel  May  Sevin,  '09,  has  been  appointed 
librarian  of  Mount  Washington  Branch,  Car- 
negie Library  of  Pittsburgh,  March  i,  1913. 

Edith  Louise  Smith,  'n,  has  been  appointed 
to  succeed  Miss  Sevin  as  children's  librarian 
in  Wylie  Avenue  Branch  children's  room, 
March  ij  1913. 

Grace  M.  Starkey,  'n,  has  been  appointed 
children's  librarian  in  the  West  End  Branch 
children's  room,  Carnegie  Library,  Pittsburgh. 

Lillian  A.  Sutherland,  'oS-'oo.,  has  been  ap- 
pointed head  of  children's  department,  Kan- 
sas City  Public  Library,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

LIBRARY    TRAINING    SCHOOL,    CARNEGIE   LI- 
BRARY   OF   ATLANTA 

The  Easter  vacation  begins  on  March  21, 
and  the  school  reassembles  on  March  26.  As 
already  noted,  Mrs.  Scott  will  give  her  course 
of  instruction  at  that  time. 

From  April  28  to  April  30,  inclusive,  the 
Georgia  Library  Association  will  hold  its  bi- 
ennial meeting  in  Atlanta.  The  sessions  will 
be  held  in  the  library  school  room,  with  the 
exception  of  one  afternoon,  when  the  asso- 
ciation will  adjourn  for  its  meeting  to  the 
Anne  Wallace  Branch. 

The  principal  out-of-town  speaker  will  be 
Mr.  Arthur  E.  Bostwick,  librarian  of  the  St. 
Louis  Public  Library,  who  will  address  the 
association  at  two  of  the  meetings.  Dr. 
Thomas  M.  Owen,  state  librarian  of  Alabama, 
will  also  be  present,  and  give  an  address  dur- 
ing one  of  the  sessions. 

The  library  activities  of  several  of  the  sur- 
rounding states  will  be  represented  on  the 
program,  and  the  Library  School  students 
will  be  scheduled  to  attend  all  the  meetings. 

During  the  second  term,  the  course  was 
uninterrupted,  except  for  the  two  regular 
holidays — General  Robert  E.  Lee's  Birthday 
and  Washington's  Birthday. 


ALUMNI   NOTES 

Miss  Susan  M.  Flournoy, '11,  was  appointed 
librarian  of  the  public  library  of  Tyler,  Tex., 
during  the  month  of  February.  Since  her 
graduation,  Miss  Flournoy  had  been  an  as- 
sistant in  the  circulating  department  of  the 
main  library,  New  York. 

Miss  Susan  Simonton,  '07,  was  married  at 
her  home  in  Carrolton,  Ga.,  to  Alonzo  Pad- 
gett, of  Augusta,  Ga.,  on  February  n.  Miss 
Simonton  had  held  the  position  of  librarian 
of  the  public  library  of  Barnesville,  Ga.,  for 
three  years  preceding  her  marriage. 

Miss  Mary  Lambie,  '07,  resigned  her  posi- 
tion as  assistant  in  charge  of  the  children's 
room,  Allegheny,  Pa.,  during  February.  On 
the  6th  of  March,  Miss  Lambie  was  married 
to  Franklin  Ohler,  of  Emmitsburg,  Md. 

Miss  Constance  Kerschner,  '07,  who  has 
served  for  nearly  six  years  as  cataloger  in 
Yale  University  Library,  has  resigned  her 
position,  to  take  employment  in  the  Library 
of  Congress,  where  she  has  been  assigned  to 
the  map  department. 

Miss  Fanny  Cook,  'n,  has  resigned  her  po- 
sition as  assistant  in  charge  of  the  Oakland 
City  Branch,  Carnegie  Library  of  Atlanta,  the 
resignation  to  take  effect  April  I.  Her  mar- 
riage to  Grahame  Williams,  of  Atlanta,  will 
take  place  early  in  June. 

DELIA  FOREACRE  SNEED,  Principal. 

LIBRARY   SCHOOL    OF    THE    UNIVERSITY   OF 
WISCONSIN 

The  first  semester  closed  January  28,  with 
examinations  in  each  subject.  The  courses  in 
classification,  elementary  cataloging,  loan  ad- 
ministration, American  trade  bibliography, 
and  library  economy  were  completed,  while 
those  in  reference  and  book  selection  will  be 
continued  to  the  end  of  the  year.  Lectures 
on  publicity,  children's  work,  including  prac- 
tice in  story  telling,  and  the  routine  of  recat- 
aloging  a  library  were  given  at  this  time  to 
prepare  the  students  for  field  practice.  The 
following  special  lectures  have  been  enjoyed 
since  the  last  report: 

"Work  of  the  New  York  Bureau  of  Mu- 
nicipal Research,"  Dr.  E.  A.  Fitzpatrick; 
"County  library  system  of  California,"  Mr. 
W.  R.  Watson;  "The  administration  of  the 
Brooklyn  Public  Library,"  Dr.  Frank  P.  Hill; 
"Library  training,"  Dr.  Frank  P.  Hill;  "Eval- 
uation of  books  on  political  economy,"  Dr. 
T.  S.  Adams. 

The  second  semester  opened  with  two 
months  of  field  practice. 

SCHOOL   NOTES 

The  school  entertained  informally  for  Miss 
Ahern  on  the  occasion  of  her  visit,  Decem- 
ber 4. 

A  dramatic  reading  of  Sheridan's  "Rivals" 
was  given,  December  18,  as  a  Christmas 
masque  for  the  enjoyment  of  the  students 
and  their  guests.  The  parts  were  read  by 
Prof.  Pyre,  Mrs.  Jastrow,  Dr.  and  Mrs. 


232 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


Thwaites,  Miss  van  Buren,  Prof.  Beatty,  Prof, 
and  Mrs.  Cerf,  Mr.  Dudgeon  and  Mr.  Speare. 
On  January  7,  Dr.  Frank  P.  .Hill  was  the 
guest  of  the  school  at  a  tea  in  his  honor. 
Miss  Bascom  entertained  the  class  at  a  fare- 
well tea  in  the  booklist  office  on  the  last 
afternoon  before  field  work  began. 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

Lena  V.  Brownell,  '09,  resigned,  February  I, 
as  cataloger  in  the  Superior  (Wis.)  Public 
Library,  and  is  now  employed  in  the  Portland 
(Ore.)  Public  Library. 

Winnie  Bucklin,  '09,  is  librarian  at  Fargo, 
N.  D.,  having  resigned  her  position  with  The 
Indexers,  Chicago. 

Stella  E.  Hanson.  '09,  and  Grace  Lane,  '09, 
began  work,  April  I,  in  the  Sioux  City  (la.) 
Public  Library.  Miss  Hanson  resigns  as  as- 
sistant in  the  Franklin  Branch  Library,  Min- 
neapolis, to  take  charge  of  the  circulating  and 
branch  work,  and  Miss  Lane  resigns  as  head 
cataloger  at  the  University  of  North  Dakota 
to  undertake  the  recataloging  of  the  Sioux 
City  Library. 

Lydia  Kinsley,  '07,  resigned  her  position 
with  the  Lane  Medical  Library,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  is  in  Los  Angeles  for  the  winter, 
having  a  temporary  position  to  organize  a 
private  library. 

Ruth  Knowlton,  '09,  has  resigned  her  posi- 
tion in  the  Clarinda  (la.)  Public  Library. 

Marion  E.  Potts,  '12,  has  been  elected  assist- 
ant in  the  Wisconsin  Legislative  Reference 
Library. 

NEW   YORK  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  —  LIBRARY 
SCHOOL 

Recent  lecturers  to  the  junior  class  have 
been  Edward  F.  Stevens,  Pratt  Institute  Free 
Library,  on  "Copyright"  and  "Bookbuying" ; 
Zaidee  Brown,  Massachusetts  Library  Com- 
mission, "Library  accounts" ;  Caroline  Web- 
ster, New  York  State  Library  organizer, 
"Work  of  the  organizer" ;  Annie  Carroll 
Moore,  New  York  Public  Library,  "Admin- 
istration of  the  children's  room";  Edward  F. 
Tilton,  New  York,  "Libraries  from  the  archi- 
tect's point  of  view" ;  William  B.  Gamble, 
New  York  Public  Library,  "Technological 
collections  in  libraries." 

The  third  week  in  March  was  devoted 
chiefly  to  reviews  and  examinations.  The 
seniors  in  advanced  reference  and  cataloging 
are  now  at  work  in  the  reference  catalog 
room  for  a  several  weeks'  test.  Those  in  the 
course  for  children's  librarians  have  had  a 
lecture  from  Miss  Otis,  assistant  to  Miss 
Moore,  on  the  "Management  of  the  children's 
room,"  and  are  making  visits  of  observation 
to  truant  schools  and  to  the  various  grades  of 
the  public  schools. 

Seniors  in  administration  have  had  two  lec- 
tures from  Miss  Caroline  Webster  on  "How 
to  promote  and  found  a  library,"  and  "How 
to  organize  a  library";  one  from  Miss  Sarah 
B.  Askew  on  "State  library  extension,"  and 


three  lectures   from   Mr.   F.   W.   Jenkins,   in 
conclusion  of  the  course  on  civic  questions. 

Miss  Mabel  L.  Abbott,  of  the  senior  class, 
goes  to  the  Wellesley  College  Library,  April  i, 
expecting  to  return  here  next  spring  to  finish 
her  course. 

Miss  Edith  H.  Crpwell,  also  a  senior,  has 
been  engaged  as  senior  assistant  by  the  East 
Orange  Public  Library,  with  the  privilege  of 
continuing  her  course  in  work  for  children. 

The  seniors  of  this  year  and  certificate 
holders  of  last  year  met  for  a  farewell  dinner 
just  before  the  spring  vacation,  to  celebrate 
these  first  departures. 

One  of  the  juniors,  an  A.B.,  finds  that  a  well- 
known  college  is  willing  to  accept  the  follow- 
ing1 junior  subjects,  to  the  extent  of  139  hours, 
as  a  help  toward  the  degree  of  A.M. :  Refer- 
ence work,  appraisal  of  fiction,  English  and 
foreign,  periodicals,  government  documents,, 
bibliography,  book  selection,  technical  French 
and  technical  German.  Some  of  the  work  of 
the  second  year  ought  to  carry  one  still 
further  toward  a  degree  in  arts. 

The  school  has  had  the  pleasure  of  meet- 
ing, at  its  lectures  and  teas,  some  of  the  stu- 
dents of  the  New  York  State  Library  School 
now  doing  practice  in  the  library. 

The  classes  of  this  year  and  last  realize  to 
the  full  their  good  fortune  in  coming  while- 
it  was  still  possible  to  have  a  welcome  from 
Dr.  Billings;  and  those  who  were  here  last 
year  will  not  soon  forget  the  eloquence  of  the 
charge  he  delivered  to  them  in  giving  them 
their  certificates. 

MARY  W.  PLUMMER,  Principal. 

SIMMONS  COLLEGE  SUMMER  LIBRARY  CLASS 

A  general  course  will  be  given  from  July  8 
to  August  1 6,  including  cataloging,  classifica- 
tion, library  economy  and  reference.  These 
courses  are  so  arranged  that  they  may  be 
taken  separately.  The  fee  for  the  entire 
course  is  twenty  dollars.  Only  librarians  un- 
der appointment  are  admitted  to  the  course. 

In  addition  to  the  above  general  course,  a 
special  course  in  library  work  with  children 
will  be  given  for  three  weeks,  beginning  July 
8,  under  the  direction  of  Mrs.  Mary  E.  S. 
Root,  children's  librarian  of  the  Providence 
Public  Library.  This  course  will  include  ad- 
ministration of  children's  rooms,  work  with 
schools,  and  evaluation  of  children's  litera- 
ture. The  charge  will  be  fifteen  dollars  for 
the  course.  Librarians  under  appointment 
and  kindergarten  teachers  will  be  admitted  to 
this  course,  which  will  not  be  given  for  less 
than  ten  students. 

Application  for  admission  to  the  summer 
class  should  be  made  to  the  chairman  of  the 
library  faculty  of  Simmons  College. 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

Charlotte  G.  Noyes,  '11,  has  taken  charge 
of  the  library  of  the  General  Electric  Com- 
pany, Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

Christine  Price,  '12,  who  has  been  catalog- 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


233 


ing  in  the  Town  Room  in  Boston,  has  joined 
the  library  staff  of  Williams  College. 

Mary  Talbot,  '12,  has  finished  her  work  for 
the  Massachusetts  Library  Commission,  and 
has  become  assistant  in  the  library  of  Phillips 
Academy,  Exeter,  N.  H. 

MARY  E.  ROBBINS,  Director. 

SYRACUSE    UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY   SCHOOL 

The  second  semester  began  Jan.  29.  On 
March  6,  C.  W.  Bardeen,  publisher,  addressed 
the  school  on  "Observations  on  the  use  of  li- 
braries gleaned  from,  experience,"  followed  by 
an  informal  talk  on  "How  to  publish  a 
book."  On  March  7  Miss  Eliza  Butler,  repre- 
sentative of  the  national  board  of  the  Y.  W. 
C.  A.,  gave  an  interesting  talk  on  "The  libra- 
rian and  the  sealed  book." 

Since  the  last  report  the  following  lectures 
have  been  given  before  the  senior  class  on  the 
biliography  of  special  subjects: 
Prof.  William  L.  Gray,  "Literature  of  botany." 
Prof.  Charles  G.  Rogers,  "Literature  of  biol- 
ogy and  zoology." 

Prof.  F.  A.  Saunders,  "Literature  of  physics." 
Dr.  Hugh  P.  Baker,  dean  of  the  State  For- 
estry College,  "Forestry  and  its  literature." 
The  directors  will  take  the  seniors,  March 
21  to  April  i,  on  the  annual  trip  to  the  libra- 
ries   of   Washington,    Philadelphia    and    New 
York. 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

Miss  Adah  Thomlinson,  '10,  formerly  of  the 
New  York  Public  Library,  has  joined  the 
staff  of  the  Utica  Public  Library. 

MARY  J.  SIBLEY.,  Director. 

CHAUTAUQUA  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

The  thirteenth  annual  session  of  the  Chau- 
tauqua  (N.  Y.)  Library  School  will  be  held 
July  5-August  15.  The  course  of  study  is 
general,  and  is  designed  for  librarians  and  li- 
brary assistants  who  cannot  leave  their  work 
for  the  extended  course  offered  in  the  regu- 
lar library  schools,  but  who  can  get  leave 
of  absence  for  six  weeks  of  study  to  gain  a 
broader  understanding  of  modern  methods 
and  ideals.  .  This  course  is  especially  planned 
to  accomplish  the  most  possible  in  six 
weeks.  Lectures  and  instruction  will  deal 
with  library  organization  and  administration, 
library  technique,  selection,  buying  and  care 
of  books,  library  building  and  equipment,  sta- 
tistics and  accounts,  library  extension,  work 
with  children  and  study  classes. 

The  usual  instructors  will  be  supplemented 
by  special  lectures  from  time  to  time,  and  by 
the  regular  Chautauqua  program,  which 
offers,  during  the  whole  six  weeks  of  the 
school,  a  series  of  lectures,  concerts,  readings 
and  discussions. 

The  course  is  open  only  to  those  who  are 
already  engaged  in  library  work  or  have  defi- 
nite appointment  to  library  positions.  It  is 
limited  to  the  number  that  can  be  given  sat- 


isfactory instruction  and  supervision.  Early 
application  should  be  made  to  Mary  E.  Dow- 
ney, Columbus,  O. 

M'GILL    UNIVERSITY   SUMMER   LIBRARY 
SCHOOL 

The  usual  summer  course  in  library  train- 
ing will  be  held  this  year  in  the  McGill  Uni- 
versity Library,  Montreal.  It  will  open  on 
Monday,  June  23,  next,  and  will  continue  for 
four  weeks.  The  prime  objects  of  the  school 
are  to  help  librarians  of  small  libraries  who 
have  never  had  systematic  training,  and  to 
enlarge  the  student's  conception  of  what  the 
library  should  stand  for  in  the  community. 

The  principal  subjects  of  study  will  be 
classification  (based  on  Cutter's  Expansive 
classification),  cataloging,  reference  work  and 
book  selection. 

Further  information  may  be  obtained  from 
C.  H.  Gould,  librarian,  McGill  University, 
Montreal. 

UNIVERSITY   OF  MICHIGAN  SUMMER 
LIBRARY    SCHOOL 

The  fifth  annual  session  of  the  University 
of  Michigan  Summer  Library  School  will 
open  Monday,  June  30,  and  continue  to  Fri- 
day, August  22.  For  fuller  information,  ad- 
dress Theodore  Koch,  director. 

IRevfews 

PHILLIPS,  D.  Rhys.  The  romantic  history  of 
the  monastic  libraries  of  Wales,  from  the 
fifth  to  the  sixteenth  centuries  (Celtic  and 
mediaeval  periods).  Swansea  (reprinted,, 
with  additions,  from  The  Library  Associa- 
tion Record  for  July  and  August,  1912), 
62  p. 

This  work  is  of  much  more  significance 
than  the  number  of  pages  and  the  fact  that 
it  is  a  reprint  from  a  periodical  would  lead 
one  to  suppose.  It  is,  in  fact,  a  model  little 
contribution  to  library  history,  filled  full  of 
original  information,  set  forth  in  excellent 
historical  method. 

The  sixty-two  pages  are  large  and  com- 
pact enough  to  allow  of  a  total  of  some 
twenty-five  or  thirty  thousand  words,  and  the 
material  is  precisely  that  which  one  interested 
in  library  history  wishes  to  have  gathered  to- 
gether for  his  use.  The  detail  as  to  the  con- 
tents of  the  libraries  is  naturally  fuller  than 
that  of  their  library  economy,  but  there  is  a 
considerable  amount  on  specific  libraries  and 
on  statistics,  as  well  as  items  concerning  the 
borrowing,  lending,  stealing,  pawning,  selling 
and  exhibition  of  books  and  the  dispersion  of 
libraries.  Among  other  things  there  is  also  a 
most  welcome  page  on  the  book  wallets,  best 
known  in  connection  with  the  Irish,  whose 
wallets  Mr.  Phillips  supposes  to  have  been 
copied  from  the  Welsh.  It  would  have  added 
to  the  interest  of  this  section  and  some  others 
if  the  author  had  given  specific  references. 
The  excellent  two-page  list  of  books  con- 


234 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


suited  will  be  of  great  usefulness  to  the  stu- 
dent, but  it  does  not  take  the  place  of  specific 
references  on  a  little-known  topic  like  this, 
where  details  are  wanted  to  trace  possible 
connection  with  the  book  pouches  of  the 
Jews,  Greeks  and  Egyptians. 

E.  C.  RICHARDSON. 

AMERICAN  ART  ANNUAL. 

Vol.  X.  Florence  N.  Levy,  editor.  1913. 
American  Federation  of  Arts,  215  West  57th 
street,  New  York.  422  p. 

The  American  Art  Annual  contains  this 
year  an  article  by  Robert  W.  de  Forest  on 
"The  importance  of  art  museums  in  our 
smaller  cities,"  which  will  be  of  interest  to 
librarians  everywhere,  in  view  of  the  present 
discussion  of  the  relations  of  museums  and 
libraries  to  one  another.  Mr.  de  Forest  sum- 
marizes the  history  of  popular  art  exhibitions 
in  this  country,  and  makes  a  strong  plea  for 
active  propaganda  in  behalf  of  small  mu- 
seums, on  the  same  plan  as  the  help  given  to 
philanthropic  and  social  movements.  The 
article  is  illustrated  with  seven  photographs 
of  exhibits,  of  which  five  were  held  in  public 
library  buildings. 

For  information  desk  use,  the  Annual  has 
value  in  its  reports  of  art  museums  and  art 
societies,  its  list  of  professional  art  schools, 
its  list  of  sculptors  and  of  illustrators,  and 
especially  its  i83-page  list,  "Who's  who  in  art, 
a  biographical  directory  of  American  painters, 
sculptors  and  illustrators."  There  are  many 
fine  illustrations  through  the  lists  and  reports. 

LIBRARIES  AND  LIBRARIANS  HIP.  By  a  mere 
librarian.  Melbourne.  Printed  for  the  au- 
thor. Unpaged.  1912. 

An  anonymous  pamphlet  of  a  score  or  more 
pages  attacking  the  D.  C.  at  its  usual  points  of 
attack,  and  at  some  —  such  as  the  relative  shelf 
location — which  have  of  late  years  come  to 
be  accepted  practically  without  question. 

The  author's  principal  plea  is  for  more  min- 
ute analysis  (from  a  classification  standpoint) 
of  composite  works.  He  argues,  rightly  of 
course,  that  to  classify  a  work  on  three  spe- 
cific subjects  under  one  of  them  or  under  a 
general  head  covering  all  of  them,  means  a 
partial  obscuration  of  the  unchosen  titles.  (Of 
course,  in  any  adequate  system  of  cataloging, 
these  other  titles  are  properly  brought  out; 
but  of  this  the  writer  apparently  takes  no  no- 
tice.) He  says  that  the  logical  complement 
of  a  relative  location  on  the  shelves  is,  not  a 
dictionary  catalog,  but  a  classed  catalog.  To 
which  it  might  be  replied  that  the  relative 
location  itself  and  the  card  or  sheet  shelf  list 
accompanying  it,  is,  except  for  "analyticals," 
in  itself  a  classed  catalog  of  the  library. 

In  criticising,  the  inventor  of  the  D.  C.  for 
preferring  the  dictionary  catalog  this  anony- 
mous writer  is  somewhat  far  afield,  for  Mr. 
Dewey,  unless  we  are  mistaken,  himself  advo- 


cates a  classed  catalog  as  being  more  scien- 
tific and  more  helpful  to  the  trained  worker, 
for  the  catalog  of  the  New  York  State  Li- 
brary under  his  direction  was  a  classed  cata- 
log. So  far  as  we  know,  however,  it  was  the 
only  one  of  its  kind  in  this  country — certainly 
for  a  library  of  its  size ;  for  the  general  public 
undoubtedly  prefers  the  dictionary  form. 

The  pamphlet  advocates  a  fixed  location  on 
the  shelves  and  a  classed  catalog,  analyzed 
and  minute,  on  a  modified  D.  C.  basis,  of  the 
material  in  them.  Not  improbably  many  li- 
brarians, including  the  present  writer,  would 
in  part  at  least  agree  with  him;  although  the 
general  public  finds  the  relative  location,  col- 
lecting all  the  books  of  a  given  subject  in  one 
place  on  the  shelves,  too  great  a  convenience 
to  be  easily  foregone.  F.  R. 

EASTMAN,  W.  R.    The  library  building.   Chic. 

A.  L.  A.  Pub.  Bd.,  1912.    pap.,  10  c. 

Mr.  W.  R.  Eastman  has  done  a  good  ser- 
vice for  libraries  by  printing  in  compact  form 
his  ideas  on  "Library  buildings."  His  long 
experience  in  planning  buildings  for  small 
communities  enables  him  to  be  of  great  assist- 
ance to  trustees  of  libraries  throughout  the 
country. 

The  only  portion  to  which  exception  can  be 
taken  relates  to  the  statement  that  because  a 
library  is  constantly  growing  the  building 
"must  be  so  contrived  as  to  suit  a  continual 
process  of  expansion."  We  are  more  in- 
clined to  agree  with  his  note  in  another  para- 
graph of  the  pamphlet  that  a  certain  limit  to 
the  capacity  of  the  building  must  be  set,  and 
maintained  by  constant  weeding  out  of  dead- 
wood. 

Altogether,  the  manual  will  comprise  an  in- 
teresting chapter  in  the  "Manual  of  library 
economy."  F.  P.  H. 

EARLY  PRINTED  BOOKS  IN  THE  LIBRARY  OF  ST. 

CATHARINE'S  COLLEGE,  CAMBRIDGE.    By  J.  B. 

Bilderbeck,  librarian,  Cambridge,  1911.    pp. 

i-vi,  38  plates. 

Since  the  wide  newspaper  discussion  of  the 
Hoe  sale,  old  books  have  been  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  admissible  parlor  conversation,  and 
have  ceased  to  be  the  foible  of  wealthy  dilet- 
tanti. Readers  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL, 
however,  scarcely  needed  that  stimulus  to  be- 
come interested  in  that  most  fascinating  part 
of  library  work,  the  study  of  incunabula.  The 
materials  for  the  study  lie  largely  in  the  va- 
rious catalogs  made  from  time  to  time  of  col- 
lections in  universities  or  in  private  hands,  and 
modern  scientific  methods  have  made  most 
modern  catalogs  store-houses  of  full  and  pre- 
cise descriptions. 

A  model  in  its  way  is  the  short  catalog  under 
review.  Special  features  are  the  brief,  but 
adequate,  bibliography,  pp.  v-vi;  the  account 
of  the  provenience  of  each  book,  and,  finally, 
the  very  full  index  of  authors,  printers,  ar- 
tists and  inscribed  names. 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


235 


The  collection  is  a  small  one,  containing  only 
75  numbers,  Of  these,  all  but  three  are  before 
1521.  The  best  known  is,  perhaps,  no.  4,  the 
Koberger  Latin  Bible  (plates  la,  Ib),  printed 
in  Niirnberg  by  Anton  Koberger  in  1478.  The 
copy  is  rebacked  in  its  original  boards  and 
contains  stamps  of  various  designs.  Another 
Koberger  is  no.  5,  Schedel's  Liber  Chroni- 
carum,  printed  in  1493. 

Of  Italian  presses,  the  earliest  is  no.  7,  a 
commentary  on  the  Decretals,  by  Antonius  de 
Butrio,  printed  at  Venice  by  Johann  of  Cologne 
and  Johann  of  Manthen.  It  is  dated  1477  by 
Proctor  (Index  to  the  early  printed  books  in 
the  Brit.  Mus.  no.  4326),  and  appears  in  this 
library  bound  between  two  parts  of  a  similar 
commentary  by  Nicolaus  Panornaitanus.  The 
latter  (no.  38)  was  printed  in  the  same  year, 
1477,  at  Basel,  by  Michael  Wenssler. 

The  Aldines  are  represented  by  three  books 
— no.  26,  a  Greek  dictionary,  1497;  no.  27,  an 
Aristophanes,  1498 ;  and  no.  28,  a  collection  of 
short  Aristotelian  commentaries,  by  Ammo- 
nius,  Magentenus  and  Michael  Psellus.  There 
is,  further,  no.  29,  a  commentary  on  the  Top- 
ica,  by  Alexander  of  Aphrodisia,  printed  in 
1513  by  Aldo  and  Andrea  of  Asoli. 

Another  early  Italian  book  is  the  Milanese 
Caesar,  printed  in  1478  by  Felipe  of  Lavagna. 

Swiss  and  French  presses  are  represented 
principally  by  books  later  than  1500.  No.  67 
is  a  missal  printed  at  Rouen  in  1497  by  Martin 
Morin. 

Of  English  books,  there  is  one  Caxton  (no. 
70,  which  is  later  than  July  2,  1482  — the 
Polychronicon  of  Higden.  This  book  is  no.  49 
in  M.  Seymour  de  Ricci's  Census  of  Caxtons, 
and  another  copy  is  described  in  the  catalog  of 
Mr.  Morgan's  collection,  vol.  iii,  684-6.  No.  72 
is  Lydgate's  translation  of  Boccaccio's  "Fall 
of  princes,"  printed  in  1494  by  Richard  Pynson 
(Morgan  Collection,  vol.  iii,  753).  No.  73  is 
Henry  yni's  famous  reply  to  Martin  Luther, 
printed  in  1521  by  Pynson,  a  book  which  earned 
for  Henry  and  his  successors  the  title  of  De- 
fender of  the  Faith.  This  book  is  especially 
noteworthy  for  its  wood-cut  border,  which  is 
a  copy  of  one  designed  by  the  younger  Holbein 
and  first  used  in  Froben's  edition  of  Thomas 
More,  1518. 

Two  relatively  late  books  of  Wynkyn  de 
Worde  (nos.  74-75)  complete  the  catalog.  The 
former  is  Richard  Whytford's  "Rule  of  St 
Augustyne  both  in  latyn  and  englysshe,"  dated 
1523 ;  the  latter  is  Whytford's  "Martyrloge  after 
the  use  of  the  church  of  Salysbury,"  of  the 
year  1526.  MAX  RADIN. 

IPerioMcal  anfc  otbcr  XJterature 

"Eindrucke  von  einer  amerikanischen  Bib- 
liotheksreise,"  von  Dr.  Paul  Schwenke,  Ers- 
ten  Direktor  der  Konigslichen  Bibliothek,  are 
now  reprinted  in  a  pamphlet  of  43  pages  from 
the  Zentralblatt  fur  Bibliothekswesen. 


New  York  Libraries,  February,  contains, 
among  articles  on  the  general  subject,  ''In- 
stitutional libraries";  "Possibilities  of  li- 
brary work  in  state  institutions,"  by  Miriam 
E.  Carey;  "The  library  as  a  factor  in  the 
education  of  the  prisoner,"  by  O.  F.  Lewis; 
"Libraries  in  penal  institutions  of  New  York 
state";  "Prison  libraries  in  New  York  City," 
by  F.  W.  Jenkins;  "Books  for  the  prison 
library,"  by  Elizabeth  P.  Clarke;  "What 
prison  library  catalogs  show,"  by  Florence  R. 
Curtis ;  "An  opinion  from  an  ex-convict" ; 
"Right  arm  of  the  prison  school,"  by  Philan- 
der P.  Claxton ;  "Symposium  on  prison  libra- 
ries" ;  "Library  work  among  the  insane,"  by 
E.  Kathleen  Jones;  "Summarized  reports 
from  the  libraries  of  the  penal,  reformatory 
and  charitable  institutions  of  New  York 
state" ;  "Recent  state  publications  of  interest 
to  libraries,"  by  C.  B.  Lester. 

Public  Libraries.,  March,  contains  "Some 
standard  novels  for  the  small  library,"  by 
Sophie  M.  Coleman;  "The  advantages  of  a 
small  library,"  by  Harry  L.  Koopman ;  "Refer- 
ence work  in  a  small  library,"  by  F.  K.  Wal- 
ter; "Library  discipline,"  by  Mrs.  Kate  W. 
Barney ;  and  "What  is  the  best  encyclopaedia  ?" 
by  Ange  V.  Milner. 

ENGLISH 

The  Library  Assistant  for  March  has  for 
its  principal  contents  "Non-resident  borrow- 
ers," by  A.  Cecil  Piper. 

The  Library  Association  Record  for  Feb. 
JS*  !9i3,  has  an  editorial  note  on  "The  read- 
ing-room loafer";  "Library  advertising  meth- 
ods," by  A.  Cecil  Piper;  "Ladies'  reading 
rooms,"  by  William  J.  Willcock. 

The  Library  World,  February,  contains 
"The  elements  of  notation,"  by  W.  C.  Berwick 
Sayers;  "List  of  books  published  in  reinforced 
or  in  special  library  bindings,"  by  William 
McGill;  "Some  great  printers  and  their  work: 
Aldus,"  by  A.  Cecil  Piper,  and  a  "Note  on 
alphabetical  order,"  by  H.  G.  Steele. 

FOREIGN 

Het  Boek,  Feb.  15,  prints  "Eru  zeld  zaam 
Boekje.  De  weerliche  tiefden  tot  oose-mond." 

La  Coltura  Popolare,  March,  has  in  its  li- 
brary section  the  following  articles:  "L'arte 
nel  libro";  "La  coltura  popolare  nei  Paesi 
Scandinavi— III  Danimarca  (Palmira  Zacca- 
ria)";  "Consign*  patrici  per  la  scelta  dei  libri"; 
"Contributi  a  un  Catalogo  ragionato." 

Zentralblatt  fur  Bibliothekswesen,  February, 
contains  the  last  number  of  Dr.  P.  Schwenke's 
'Eindrucke  von  einer  amerikanischer  Biblio- 
theksreise" ;  "Deutsche  Nationalbibliothek, 
Komgliche  Bibliothek  und  Konigliche  Hof- 
und  Stattsbibliothek  Miinchen";  "Die  John 
Rylands  Library  zu  Manchester";  "Bestim- 
mungen  des  Dr.  Ed.  Langerschen  Bibliothek 


236 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913; 


iiber  Bucheinbande,  ihre  Erhaltung  tind  Kat- 
alogisierung." 

ADVERTISING. 

Library  advertising  methods.  By  A.  Cecil 
Piper.  Lib.  Asso.  Rec.,  F.  15,  '13,  p.  71-79. 

To  advertise,  according  to  Murray,  means 
to  notify  or  make  generally  known.  That  is 
what  the  author  thinks  is  wanted  in  connec- 
tion with  English  libraries.  The  local  press 
and  lectures  are  fairly  well  known  as  means 
of  advertising.  Local  learned  societies  should 
have  their  headquarters  in  the  library  build- 
ing, debating  societies  should  be  circularized, 
and  telephone  inquiry  departments  developed. 
The  librarian  should  keep  in  touch  with  all 
educational  work  in  his  area,  and  issue  a 
magazine  or  bulletin  that  can  be  widely  cir- 
culated. One  of  the  most  valuable  means  of 
advertising  is  the  personal  intercourse  of  the 
staff  with  the  readers.  Especially  interesting 
articles  and  books  should  be  mentioned  to 
regular  patrons,  who  often  can  be  of  especial 
scholarly  service  to  the  staff.  Guide  posts, 
posters,  etc.,  and  adequate  notices  in  guide 
books  are  all  important.  Mention  is  made  of 
many  methods  that  are  commonplaces  in  this 
country — exhibits,  talks  to  school  children, 
and  library  lessons.  If  libraries  in  England 
had  been  better  advertised  there  would  have 
been  "  no  need  for  Mr.  John  Burns'  recent 
disparaging  remarks  upon  libraries,  in  which 
he  said  that  'he  believed  the  time  had  come 
when  men  were  tired  of  drenching  the  coun- 
try with  public  libraries,  and  were  beginning 
to  realize  that  small  gardens,  parks  and  open 
spaces  were  better  for  the  people.'" 

READING  ROOMS  FOR  WOMEN. 

Ladies'  reading  rooms.  By  Wm.  T.  Will- 
cock.  Lib.  Asso.  Rec.,  F.  15,  '13,  p.  80-84. 

The  following  digest  of  a  serious  discus- 
sion of  a  question  non-existent  in  this  coun- 
try will  be  of  interest  only  as  indicating  the 
diversity  of  library  problems  in  different 
countries.  Apropos  of  press  discussion  of  the 
subject  of  separate  ladies'  reading  rooms,  the 
author  proves  "(i)  that,  owing  to  the  edu- 
cational and  economic  advance  of  women, 
there  exists  no  desire  on  the  part  of  women 
themselves  for  separate  reading  rooms;  (2) 
that  the  provision  of  such  rooms  without  a 
specially  expressed  desire  means  an  unwar- 
ranted expenditure  of  public  money,  which 
might,  with  more  advantage,  be  spent  on 
books;  (3)  that  where  there  are  ladies'  read- 
ing rooms,  the  literature  usually  provided  in 
them  is  so  limited,  both  in  quality  and  quan- 
tity, as  to  be  an  insult  to  any  thoughtful  and 
intelligent  woman;  (4)  that  the  duplication 
of  items  already  in  the  general  reading  room 
is  impossible  in  most  libraries,  owing  to  the 
cost;  (5)  that  the  reading  rooms  in  common 
for  both  sexes  tend  to  promote  a  better  tone, 
a  general  raising  of  the  standard  of  behavior 
and  a  keener  appreciation  of  the  whole  in- 
stitution." 


ELEMENTS  OF  NOTATION. 

Elements     of    notation.      W.     C.     Berwick 
Sayers,  Library  World,  F.,  '13,  p.  226-231.     A  * 
possible  supplement  to  H.  R.   Purnell's  "De- 
velopment of  notation  in  classification." 

Notation  and  classification  are  not  convert- 
ible terms;  they  are  entirely  different  ques- 
tions. The  function  of  a  bibliographical  clas- 
sification is  arrangement;  that  of  notation  is 
merely  to  indicate  that  arrangement.  The  or- 
thodox definition  of  a  notation  is  that  it  is  a 
shorthand  sign  to  represent  a  word.  Nota- 
tions are  said  to  be  pure  when  they  are  com- 
posed of  symbols  or  letters  of  the  same  char- 
acter, mixed  when  composed  of  letters  and 
figures  or  any  other  symbols  in  combination. 
The  criteria  of  orthodox  notation  are  sim- 
plicity, brevity  and  expansibility.  The  more 
commonplace  the  symbols  used,  the  nearer 
they  are  to  signs  in  every-day  use,  the  easier 
it  is  for  the  user  to  comprehend  them.  The 
simplest  symbol  in  existence  is  a  continuous 
sequence  of  Arabic  numbers,  arranged  ordin- 
ally — i,  2,  3,  etc. — and  next  the  sequence  of 
the  letters  of  the  alphabet.  Signs  drawn  from 
geometry,  Greek  letters,  asterisks,  etc.,  have 
no  ideographic  value,  convey  no  image  or  idea 
to  the  mind;  they  may  therefore  be  ruled 
out  as  complex.  It  seems  that  letters  or  fig- 
ures are  preferable,  and  that  a  pure  notation 
should  be  easier  to  follow  than  a  mixed  one ; 
but,  still,  simplicity  is  determined  not  only  by 
the  kind  of  symbol  employed,  but  by  its; 
length.  The  base  of  the  notation  is  the  in- 
itial figure  or  letter  used  in  marking  the 
main  classes.  The  length  of  a  notation  is 
determined  by  the  extent  of  the  base.  As  the 
base  symbols  indicate  the  main  classes,  the 
length  of  a  notation  is  determined  by  the 
number  of  main  classes  in  the  scheme  to- 
which  it  is  applied.  Therefore,  the  more  main 
classes  a  scheme  has  the  briefer  will  be  the 
notation,  and,  of  course,  the  converse  is  true. 
Clearly,  the  continuous  arithmetical  number 
promises  the.  briefest  notation.  The  notation 
must  show  the  sequence  of  the  divisions. 
That  is  to  say,  the  main  classes  must  each  be 
marked  by  a  separate  and  distinct  symbol; 
and  the  divisions  of  each  of  these  classes 
must  be  marked  by  a  number  the  first  sym- 
bol of  which  is  the  number  of  the  class.  Sim- 
plicity, then,  depends  upon  brevity,  and  brev- 
ity upon  the  extent  of  the  base  of  a  scheme. 
Flexibility  is  more  important  than  either  sim- 
plicity or  brevity.  The  simple  rule  for  inter- 
calating numbers  is :  When  a  new  topic  arises, 
find  the  nearest  related  head  in  the  classifica- 
tion and  make  the  new  number  there.  A  use- 
ful feature  of  notation  is  its  mnemonic  value. 
Practical  manipulations  of  notation,  such  as 
dividing  nearly  every  subject  in  D.  C.  geo- 
graphically by  using  the  geographical  numbers 
from  the  history  class,  940-909,  have  been  de- 
vised. The  expansive  classification  obtains  a 
similar  result  by  the  use  of  its  local  list  num- 
bers, which  may  be  added  to  any  number  in 
the  scheme;  and  the  subject  scheme  permits- 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


237 


the  addition  of  its  geographical  numbers  to 
any  subject  number. 
HIGH  SCHOOL  READING. 

A  preliminary  study  of  the  reading  tastes 
of  high  school  pupils.  By  Mrs.  Roxanna  E. 
Anderson.  Pedagogical  Seminary,  D.,  '12,  p. 
438-460. 

The  material  for  this  study  was  gathered 
from  answers  to  a  questionnaire  sent  to  high 
school  pupils  of  Iowa  City  and  Fort  Dodge, 
la.  The  answers  are  from  588  high  school 
pupils  from  the  four  grades,  as  follows: 
Freshmen,  218;  sophomore,  158;  junior,  107: 
senior,  105.  The  purpose  of  the  investigation 
was  to  find  out  not  what  high  school  students 
ought  to  read,  but  what  they  actually  do 
read ;  what  they  like  best,  and  why.  The  author 
comes  to  the  following  conclusions :  High 
school  pupils  read  much  outside  of  school. 
While  this  reading  is  not  always  of  so  good 
quality  as  that  furnished  in  school,  it  is  much 
better  than  it  would  be  were  it  not  for  their 
school  influences.  Girls  read  more  than  boys, 
and  distribute  their  reading  over  greater 
range.  Boys  like  best  books  of  adventure, 
stories  that  are  full  of  action  and  outdoor 
life;  girls  read  for  sentiment,  beauty  and  re- 
finement of  style.  While  the  pupils  read  a 
very  creditable  line  of  books,  they  read  an 
overabundance  of  light  periodical  literature. 
There  is  not  a  sufficient  number  of  standard 
newspapers  and  magazines  taken  in  the  home. 
There  is  a  noticeable  change  in  taste  of  both 
boys  and  girls  with  increasing  age.  Some 
books  popular  with  freshmen  entirely  disap- 
pear from  the  lists  before  the  senior  year  is 
reached.  Boys  care  less  for  the  recommen- 
dations of  others  than  girls  dp.  They  exer- 
cise greater  independence  and  individuality  in 
the  choice  of  their  reading  than  do  girls.  A 
large  per  cent,  of  the  pupils  talk  over  their 
reading  with  parents,  friends  and  teachers. 
Boys  choose  as  ideals  historic  or  public  char- 
acters, while  girls  very  generally  prefer  char- 
acters from  fiction.  Religious  characters  are 
named  with  the  least  frequency.  A  number 
of  excellent  books  are  owned  by  both  boys 
and  girls.  Worthy  books  are  very  largely 
named  as  those  which  they  desire  to  own. 
Boys  and  girls  are  not  "grown-ups";  their 
tastes  are  and  ought  to  be  very  unlike  those 
of  men  and  women.  The  tastes  and  interests 
of  high  school  pupils  should  be  duly  recog- 
nized and  respected  in  forming  a  course  of 
study.  Teachers  must  have  a  thorough  ac- 
quaintance with  the  psychology  of  childhood 
and  adolescence  in  order  to  give  to  the  out- 
side reading  of  high  school  boys  and  girls  in- 
telligent and  sympathetic  direction. 
NEW  YORK  STATE  PUBLICATIONS. 

Recent  state  publications  of  interest  to  li- 
braries. C.  B.  Lester.  N.  Y.  Libs.,  F.,  '13, 
p.  247-248. 

'Publicity  and  payment,  based  on  quality, 
as  factors  in  improving  a  city  milk  supply" ; 
joth  annual  report  of  the  Geneva  Experiment 


Station;  the  reports  of  the  American  Scenic 
and  Historical  Preservation  Society;  the 
"Civil  list  of  the  state,  county  and  village  ser- 
vice," issued  by  the  Civil  Service  Commis- 
sion ;  the  annual  report  of  the  Comptroller ; 
reports  of  the  Conservation  Commission;  the 
annual  report  of  the  Prison  Association,  and 
others  are  described  and  commented  on  as 
library  material. 

NON-RESIDENT  BORROWERS. 

Non-resident  borrowers.  A  Cecil  Piper. 
Lib.  Asst.,  Mr.,  '13,  p.  45-52. 

There  are  several  ways  of  dealing  with 
the  non-resident  borrower.  Some  libraries 
exclude  him  altogether  from  the  lending  de- 
partment, which  seems  unfair,  when  anyone 
can  use  the  reference  books.  Others  admit 
non-residents  employed  or  being  educated  in 
the  town.  Workers  help  to  make  a  town,  and 
indirectly  pay  taxes;  they  should  have  the 
privilege  of  citizens.  Students  ought  to  be 
encouraged,  as  the  library  stands  for  educa- 
tion, and  as  they,  too,  indirectly  pay  taxes. 
In  some  libraries,  non-residents  pay  small 
subscriptions  for  the  right  to  borrow,  and  are 
under  the  same  rules  as  residents;  a  few  ad- 
mit them  free.  Visitors  can  best  be  treated 
as  non-residents,  with  a  special  form  of  card 
to  facilitate  keeping  trace  of  them,  giving 
home  address  and  dates  of  stay  in  the  town. 
If  interchangeable  cards,  good  all  over  the 
country,  are  not  practicable,  a  series  of  dis- 
tricts, within  each  of  which  cards  are  inter- 
changeable, might  be  tried,  or  a  system  of 
notes  of  recommendation  between  librarians. 
Students  living  far  from  a  large  library  ought 
to  be  able  to  send  for  books.  Members  of 
conferences,  and  other  persons  of  recognized 
standing,  being  easily  traceable,  might  be  al- 
lowed to  borrow  on  their  own  guaranty. 

REFERENCE  WORK  IN  THE  SMALL  LIBRARY. 

Reference  work  in  the  small  library.  F.  K. 
Walter.  Pub.  Lib.,  Mr.,  '13,  p.  100-103. 
Address  at  Poughkeepsie,  Middletown  and 
Albany  library  institutes. 

Purchase  of  reference  books  must  be  lim- 
ited, because  of  cost,  lack  of  room  and  de- 
mand, and  quickness  in  getting  out  of  date. 
Specialized  works,  little  used,  can  best  be  bor- 
rowed from  larger  libraries.  In  the  small 
library,  reference  material  ought  to  be  part  of 
the  general  reading  matter.  Many  of  the 
good  standard  reference  books  so  nearly  du- 
plicate each  other  that  only  a  few  are  neces- 
sary. Kroeger's  Guide,  the  A.  L.  A.  Booklist 
and  the  "Best  books  list"  of  the  New  York 
State  Library,  are  the  best  guides  to  selection, 
and  advice  can  also  be  had  from  larger  libra- 
ries. General  circulation  books  are  often  bet- 
ter for  reference  than  the  less  detailed  refer- 
ence book,  and  readers  should  be  taught  to 
use  indexes  in  this  connection.  Periodicals 
are  most  important.  If  Poole's  Index  and  the 
Readers'  Guide,  or  the  cheaper  Readers' 
Guide  abridged  cannot  be  had,  use  a  slip  in- 


238 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


dex  of  important  articles.  If  nothing  better 
is  available,  the  World  Almanac  is  a  fair 
newspaper  index.  Pamphlets  and  free  ma- 
terial, when  worth  saving,  may  be  filed  in 
envelopes.  A  file  of  questions  asked  and  ref- 
erences to  answers,  also  to  works  consulted  in 
vain,  is  of  great  help. 

SMALL  LIBRARIES. 

The  advantages  of  the  small  library.  Harry 
Lyman  Koopman.  Pub.  Lib.,  Mr.,  '13,  p.  97- 
100.  Lecture  in  library  course  at  Rhode 
Island  Normal  School. 

The  small  library  (village  library,  or  collec- 
tion of  500-5000,  open  to  the  public,  not  branch 
in  a  large  city)  may  be  of  higher  average 
quality  than  the  large  library,  because  it  has  no 
room  for  poorer  books ;  it  may  be  better  man- 
aged, because  one  competent  person  can  see 
to  everything.  In  a  small  place,  everybody 
knows  about  the  library,  and  knows  the  libra- 
rian. The  librarian  can  really  know  his  books, 
and  he  has  the  chance  to  make  the  library 
the  center  of  local  culture.  These  conditions 
are  impossible  in  a  big  city  library,  but 
branches  can  reproduce  some  of  them,  as  can 
"select  libraries"  within  the  large  one.  The 
small  library  should  put  its  strength  into  these 
points  of  natural  advantage,  using  loans  from 
larger  ones  as  supplements  when  needful. 

IRotes  anfc  IRews 

GROVER  CLEVELAND  MEMORIAL.  —  The  old 
manse  at  Caldwell,  N.  J.,  where  Cleveland 
was  born,  has  been  bought  by  the  Groyer 
Cleveland  Birthplace  Memorial  Association 
from  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  for  $18,- 
ooo.  Neighbors  have  contributed  adjoining 
land  which  was  .a  part  of  the  original  tract, 
and  on  the  site  will  be  built  a  memorial  li- 
brary, with  funds  supplied  by  Andrew  Car- 
negie. 

SUPPLEMENT  TO  "SPECIAL  COLLECTIONS." — Dr. 
W.  Dawson  Johnston,  librarian  of  Columbia 
University,  will  publish  in  the  June  number 
of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  the  first  supplement 
to  the  report  on  "Special  collections  in  libra- 
ries in  the  U.  S.,"  issued  by  the  U.  S.  Bureau 
of  Education  last  autumn.  He  will  include  in 
this  report  information  regarding  (i)  new 
collections  added  to  libraries,  (2)  collections 
which  have  increased  notably  in  value  during 
the  past  year,  and  (3)  collections  which  have 
been  made  more  available  by  published  cata- 
logs. 

CHEMICAL  LIBRARY.— The  Chemists'  Club,  of 
52  East  41  st  street,  New  York  City,  has 
opened  what  is  said  to  be  the  largest  chem- 
ical library  in  the  country.  It  will  be  open 
to  the  public  every  day  except  Saturdays, 
Sundays  and  Mondays ;  but  to  members  of 
the  club  it  will  be  open  at  all  times,  even  at 
night.  In  addition,  a  department  of  research 
has  been  established,  which  will  be  open  to 


the  public  on  the  payment  of  fees.  This  de- 
partment will  copy  or  photograph  articles 
where  there  are  no  duplicates  to  send  out, 
will  furnish  translations,  maintain  a  service 
similar  to  that  of  a  clipping  bureau,  supply 
relevant  abstracts  and  full  bibliographies  of 
nearly  any  subject  in  chemistry. 

"BOOKS    I    LIKE   AND    WHY    I    LIKE   THEM/'  — 

Under  this  caption  the  bulletin  of  the  New 
Bedford  Public  Library  prints  a  series  of  short 
reviews  signed  with  initials  of  library  readers. 
The  idea  has  been  put  into  practice  in  other 
places,  and  similar  notices  have  been  pasted 
within  selected  books.  This  is  the  first  time, 
however,  that  we  have  seen  such  notices  printed 
in  library  bulletins.  The  librarian  asks  for 
other  short  expressions  of  opinion  upon  any 
books  for  use  in  future  issues.  We  had  thought 
the  plan  best  adapted  to  the  more  intimate  re- 
lations of  small  libraries,  but  St.  Louis  and 
New  Bedford  seem  to  find  it  worth  while. 

TRINITY  COLLEGE  LIBRARY.— Plans  for  a  new 
library  and  administration  building  for  Trin- 
ity College  are  well  under  way.  The  building 
is  to  be  of  the  same  style  and  material  as 
the  present  main  building  of  the  college,  and 
is  to  contain  on  the  first  floor  the  offices  of 
the  administration,  and  on  the  second  the 
reading  room,  circulation  room  and  librarian's 
offices.  The  stacks  are  to  be  in  a  wing,  and 
the  total  capacity  will  be  150,000  volumes. 

SCHOOL  USE  OF  PERIODICALS. — "The  educa- 
tional use  of  current  news  and  reviews,  as 
such  news  and  reviews  are  to  be  found^in  some 
of  the  best  of  our  periodicals,  is  gaining  rec- 
ognition," says  the  Dial,  "in  public  schools  of 
the  higher  grades,  in  schools  of  journalism, 
and  elsewhere.  One  well-known  weekly  pub- 
lication of  this  character  takes  justifiable 
pride  in  the  fact  that  it  has  been  selected  as 
a  means  of  instruction  in  current  history  and 
literature  by  a  number  of  teachers  and  school 
superintendents  in  various  cities,  and  it  issues 
an  interesting  account  of  the  methods  adopted 
in  using  this  somewhat  novel  form  of  text- 
book, with  testimonials  from  a  number  of 
teachers.  The  superintendent  of  the  New 
York  City  schools  said,  lately,  in  a  circular 
letter  to  teachers:  'It  will  be  well  for  the 
teacher  to  make  use  of  recent  or  contempo- 
rary literature.  Many  pupils  have  a  not  un- 
natural suspicion  of  "classics."  They  have  a 
natural  interest  in  what  other  people  are 
reading  and  talking  about.  They  should  be 
induced  to  read  the  better  magazines.'  A 
high  school  teacher,  after  naming  other  good 
results  following  upon  the  use  of  current 
periodical  literature  in  the  classroom,  adds: 
'The  dictionary  and  encyclopedia  are  becom- 
ing live  books,  because  they  help  to  throw 
light  upon  live  questions.  The  real  impor- 
tance and  meaning  of  culture  is  being  appre- 
ciated, because  of  the  discovery^  of  the  bear- 
ing which  the  world's  accumulation  of  knowl- 
edge has  upon  the  every-day  events  of  our 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


239 


own  time.'  Incidentally,  action  and  reaction 
being  equal  and  opposite,  this  educational  use 
of  periodical  literature  ought  to  lift  the  period- 
ical press  to  a  somewhat  higher  level  and 
keep  it  there." 

ATLANTA  COLORED  LIBRARY. — The  branch  li- 
brary for  negroes  in  Atlanta  consists  as  yet 
only  of  an  offer  by  Mr.  Carnegie  of  $10,000 
for  that  purpose.  The  several  liberally  en- 
dowed colleges  for  negroes  in  that  city,  how- 
ever, offer  the  privileges  of  their  libraries 
freely  to  all. 

PUBLICITY  IN  CALIFORNIA.  —  Windows  in  the 
business  district  of  Los  Angeles  are  being 
decorated  with  exhibits  of  books  from  the  pub- 
lic library,  and  the  books  are  flanked  by  signs 
such  as  "Books  like  these  may  be  borrowed  free 
by  any  Angeleno"  and  "What  is  doing  in  the 
world." 

What  the  public  wants  is  there,  and  how  to 
get  it  is  explained  by  the  attractive  signs.  The 
Los  Angeles  Tribune  reports  that  the  libra- 
rians wish  to  show  that  "there  is  a  book  for 
every  reader,  and  we  believe  that  there  is  a 
reader  for  every  one  of  our  200,000  books." 

A  striking  table  of  general  statistics  shows 
that  one  person  out  of  every  four  in  the  city 
uses  the  library.  There  are  65,000  registered 
users  of  books  and  65,000  members  of  the  same 
families  who  use  the  same  cards.  Further  fig- 
ures show  that  40,000  have  no  time  to  read; 
40,000  read  newspapers  exclusively;  40,000  are 
unable  to  get  to  the  library;  20,000  are  too 
young  to  read,  and  20,000  cannot  read. 

D.    C.    AND    THE    ENGINEERING    INDUSTRIES.— 

In  1906,  the  Engineering  Experiment  Sta- 
tion of  the  University  of  Illinois  published  a 
bulletin  on  an  "Extension  of  the  Dewey  deci- 
mal system  of  classification  applied  to  th« 
engineering  industries,"  prepared  by  Profes- 
sors L.  P.  Breckenridge  and  G.  A.  Good- 
enough.  Two  editions,  totaling  20,000  copies, 
have  been  distributed  gratuitously,  and  the 
demand  still  continuing,  a  revised  edition, 
much  extended,  as  compared  with  the  original 
edition,  has  been  issued.  It  has  been  the  aim, 
in  extending  the  work,  to  present  subdivisions 
of  the  subjects  in  such  detail  as  to  constitute 
a  complete  classification  for  most  engineering 
industries,  even  though  highly  specialized. 
This  revision  is  in  accordance  with  the  1911 
edition  of  Dewey*s  "Decimal  classification." 
The  revised  edition  is  not  subject  to  gratuit- 
ous distribution,  a  charge  of  fifty  cents  being 
made  to  cover  the  cost  of  publication. 

SANTA  FE  READING  ROOMS. — The  Santa  Fe 
road  has  about  $250,000  invested  in  reading 
rooms  for  its  employees.  Five  reading  rooms 
and  clubhouses  and  thirteen  reading  rooms 
are  placed  at  the  points  where  the  men  are 
given  their  long  layovers,  towns  away  from 
their  homes,  and  providing  no  places  to  go 
to  except  the  saloon  and  the  faro  bank.  In 
some  cases,  however,  in  the  deserts  of  Ari- 


zona and  New  Mexico,  reading  rooms  are  put 
in  the  home  towns  of  the  men  for  the  sake 
of  their  families.  The  libraries  have  now 
17,500  volumes,  with  a  daily  circulation  of 
386.  Seven  thousand  employees  use  the  read- 
ing rooms  each  day,  and  the  results  in  help- 
ing the  men  to  make  more  of  themselves  are 
evident. 

INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBIT  AT  LEIPZIG. — A  com- 
mittee of  librarians,  of  which  Mr.  John  Cot- 
ton Dana,  of  Newark,  is  chairman,  is  arrang- 
ing an  exhibit  of  American  books  at  Leipzig 
in  1914,  with  the  cooperation  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
and  the  Library  of  Congress,  as  action  on  the 
part  of  American  publishers  seems  improb- 
able. 

INDEX  OF  ECONOMIC  MATERIAL  IN  DOCUMENTS 
OF  THE  STATES. — The  next  volume  in  this 
series  of  bibliographies,  by  Adelaide  R.  Hasse, 
issued  by  the  Carnegie  Institution  of  Wash- 
ington, will  be  devoted  to  New  Jersey. 

DEBATING  IN  INDIANA. — In  commenting  on 
a  list  of  books  on  current  topics  which  it  is 
issuing  for  the  use  of  schools,  the  Indiana 
State  Library  Bulletin  says:  "We  have  ob- 
served in  the  last  few  years  an  enormous  in- 
crease in  debating  among  the  schools  of  the 
state;  and  the  old  questions  as  to  the  relative 
superiority  of  men  or  women  or  the  advan- 
tages of  winter  and  summer  are  now  the 
exception  rather  than  the  rule. 

"Most  questions  of  the  day  are  not  too 
complex  for  boys  of  fifteen  or  sixteen.  One 
boy,  apparently  scarcely  in  his  teens,  returned 
to  the  State  Library  a  book  which  had  been 
given  him  because  it  contained  a  few  pages 
on  a  policy  recently  advocated  by  President 
Taft,  which  had  been  made  the  subject  for  a 
debate. 

'"That  book  was  so  interesting,'  said  he, 
'that  I  read  it  all  last  night.'  Yet  it  was  not 
a  book  that  many  boys  of  his  age  would  have 
chosen  for  recreation  unless  they  had  had 
some  such  introduction  to  it. 

"It  is  with  the  idea  of  assisting  our  future 
voters  to  a  more  intelligent  citizenship  that 
we  have  taken  the  list  of  topics  in  this  bulle- 
tin from  questions  which  have  been  and  still 
are  discussed  by  public  men  and  political 
economists.  Many  of  them  were  warmly  de- 
bated during  the  past  presidential  campaign, 
and  will  be  of  interest  for  many  months  to 
come." 

AMERICAN  POETRY. — The  Poetry  Society  of 
America  wishes  to  ask,  through  the  pages  of 
the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  (i)  how  many  libraries 
"would  be  willing  to  purchase  a  very  select 
list  of  volumes  for  contemporary  verse,  chosen 
with  great  care  by  a  committee  from  the 
Poetry  Society  each  year;  and  also  whether 
(2)  these  libraries  would  be  interested  in 
securing  an  additional  select  list  of  the  most 
important  volumes  of  real  poetry  that  have 
appeared  during  the  last  few  years?"  Replies 
may  be  sent  to  Mr.  Joyce  Kilmer,  secretary 


240 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


of  the  Poetry  Society  of  America,  The  Na- 
tional Arts  Club,  Gramercy  Park,  New  York 
City. 

BRITISH  EDITORIAL  CHANGES.— Mr.  H.  Ruth- 
erford Purriell,  editor  of  The  Library  Assist- 
ant since  1909,  has  been  elected  librarian  of 
the  Public  Library  of  South  Australia.  His 
successor  is  Mr.  H.  G.  Sureties,  Shepherd's 
Hill  Library,  Highgate,  London,  N. 

"VISITORS'  DAY"  IN  DETROIT.  —  All  the  library 
buildings  of  Detroit  were  open  for  special  ex- 
hibits and  exercises  one  evening  in  February. 
Collections  of  reference  books,  prints,  photo- 
graphs, juvenile  books,  books  on  American  his- 
tory were  shown  in  the  different  branches,  and 
lectures,  concerts  and  exercises  by  school  chil- 
dren given  in  the  evening.  Thousands  of  peo- 
ple visited  the  libraries  during  the  day. 

UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY  EXPENDITURES. — In  Dr. 
W.  Dawson  Johnston's  figures  on  university 
library  expenditures,  in  the  March  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL,  the  first  column  of  figures  should 
have  been  headed  "Total  expenditures." 

Avondale,  Cincinnati,  O.  The  ninth  branch 
building  to  be  owned  by  the  city  of  Cincinnati 
was  opened  Feb.  27.  The  rest  of  the  twenty 
branches  are  in  rented  quarters.  The  new 
building  is  of  hollow  tile,  covered  with  stucco, 
is  more  or  less  after  the  mission  style,  and 
cost  $40,000.  About  15,000  volumes  can  be 
housed  there,  and  the  reading  room  will  seat 
125  persons. 

Boston,  Mass.  The  new  North  End  branch 
was  opened  Feb.  27  in  a  building  formerly  a 
church,  remodelled  at  a  cost  of  $86,000.  The 
library  is  thoroughly  well  appointed,  and  is 
intended  in  particular  to  be  the  center  of  chil- 
dren's life  in  the  North  End.  In  the  adults' 
reading  room  will  be  placed  later  a  bas-relief 
representing  scenes  in  the  life  of  Dante,  which 
has  been  purchased  with  subscriptions  by  mem- 
bers of  the  Dante  Society  of  the  North  End, 
and  is  to  be  presented  to  the  library  author- 
ities for  this  building. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.  A  municipal  reference  li- 
brary has  been  started  at  the  City  Hall. 

Denton,  Tex.  The  new  library  and  gym- 
nasium building  of  the  North  Texas  State 
Normal  School  has  been  formally  accepted  by 
the  state.  The  second  story  is  to  be  the  li- 
brary, with  two  large  reading  rooms  and  a 
book  room.  The  building  is  fireproof,  well 
finished,  of  simple  architecture,  and  cost 
$50,000. 

Detroit,  Mich.  Rules  governing  the  com- 
petition for  plans  of  the  new  library  have 
been  issued.  In  drawing  up  the  rules,  the 
Detroit  Library  Commission  has  governed  it- 
self by  the  tentative  plans  for  the  Museum  of 
Art  to  be  erected  nearby.  The  library  will 
have  a  capacity  of  500,000  volumes,  and  is  to 
cost  not  more  than  $850,000. 

Franklin,  Tenn.  A  Carnegie  library,  to 
cost  $10,000,  is  to  be  erected. 


Hull  (Mass.).  The  John  Boyle  O'Reilly 
cottage,  on  Main  street,  the  last  home  of  the 
poet,  has  been  bought  by  the  town  for  a  pub- 
lic library. 

Kansas  City,  Mo.  The  Louis  George  branch 
was  opened  Feb.  27,  with  addresses  by  J.  M. 
Greenwood,  superintendent  of  schools;  Gen. 
Milton  Moore,  president  of  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation, and  Purd  B.  Wright,  the  librarian. 
Mr.  George,  the  donor,  was  given  nearty  ap- 
plause after  the  speeches  of  thanks.  Friday, 
the  28th,  was  "ladies'  day,"  and  five  story  hours 
for  the  children  were  held  on  Saturday,  March 
I.  Cement  construction  and  metal  bottoms  on 
all  the  furniture  make  it  possible  to  clean  the 
building  by  turning  a  stream  of  water  on  the 
floor. 

Kutztown,  Pa.  The  Keystone  State  Nor- 
mal School  is  to  have  a  new  $100,000  library 
building,  with  room  for  75,000  volumes. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.  A  new  Carnegie  branch 
library  was  dedicated  in  Vermont  Square 
March  i. 

Louisville,  Ky.  The  Jefferson  Branch  was 
opened  for  the  circulation  of  books  March  10, 
after  two  days  of  inspection  and  celebration, 
with  children's  exercises  on  Saturday  after- 
noon and  an  evening  program  to  mark  the 
formal  opening.  Citizens  of  the  vicinity 
served  on  the  reception  committee  with  libra- 
rians and  school  officials. 

Memphis,  Tenn.  The  first  branch  of  the 
Cossitt  Library  was  opened  March  I  in  the 
Riverside  School.  Others  are  to  be  estab- 
lished as  soon  as  possible. 

North  Portland,  Ore.  The  North  Portland 
branch  has  moved  from  the  Sinnott  building  to 
its  new  building,  where  exercises  were  held 
with  the  cooperation  of  several  local  improve- 
ment societies,  commercial  clubs  and  the  school 
children  of  the  vicinity. 

New  York  City.  Work  has  begun  on  the 
Fort  Washington  branch  of  the  New  York 
Public  Library,  I79th  street,  between  Audubon 
and  St.  Nicholas  avenues.  The  construction 
and  furnishing  will  cost  about  $100,000. 

Plainneld,  N.  J.  Exercises  of  the  formal 
opening  of  the  new  library  building  were  held 
in  the  high  school  auditorium,  February  3. 
The  new  and  old  buildings  have  been  con- 
nected and  are  to  be  used  together;  the  aug- 
mented stack  will  hold  45,000  volumes,  and 
the  reading  room  6000  more. 

Communications 

SPARE    US! 
To  the  Editor  of  the  Library  Journal: 

DEAR  SIR:  The  postman  is  become  a  terror 
that  walketh  by  day,  for  never  a  mail  arrives 
now  without  bringing  several  inquiries  and 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


241 


perhaps  one  or  two  questionnaires  from  libra- 
rians who  are  looking  up  different  phases  of 
library  work  or  preparing  conference  papers, 
or  seeking  information  for  use  in  their  own 
administration.  Much  of  the  information  thus 
sought  is  of  distinct  value,  but  too  often  it  is 
trivial,  or,  in  the  form  it  is  asked  for,  lies 
under  suspicion  of  comparative  uselessness. 
Frequently  it  could  be  compiled  from  printed 
library  reports  just  as  easily  by  the  inquirer 
as  by  his  victim. 

We  must  continue  to  furnish  answers  to  all 
sorts  of  questions  and  bear  up  as  best  we  may 
under  the  infliction,  cheering  ourselves  with 
the  hope  that  somebody  may  be  benefited  by 
learning  how  many  acres  of  floor  space  are 
devoted  to  children's  use;  whether  shelves  are 
supported  by  round  pegs  or  square ;  how  many 
readers  one  chair  will  accommodate  in  one 
day;  and  what  deductions  are  made  in  the  pay 
roll  for  absence  because  of  matrimony,  funerals, 
or  cold  in  the  head.  But  before  imposing  these 
burdens  on  our  confreres,  let  us  search  our 
consciences  and  remember  the  golden  rule. 
Above  all,  spare  us  the  deadly  questionnaire, 
which  always  asks  for  statistics  in  a  little  dif- 
ferent form  from  that  in  which  they  are  re- 
corded. ONE  OF  THE  MISERABLE  SINNERS. 

Ultnmians 

BIXBY,  Harriet,  of  Valparaiso,  has  been  ap- 
pointed librarian  of  the  Agricultural  College 
of  the  University  of  Missouri. 

DOLBEE,  Florence,  died,  February  21,  in 
Alton,  Mo.  She  had  been  librarian  of  the 
Jennie  D.  Hayner  Library  in  Alton  for  over 
thirty  years. 

HEDRICK,  S.  Blanche,  librarian  of  the  Agri- 
cultural College  of  the  University  of  Missouri 
for  four  years,  has  accepted  the  position  of  as- 
sistant librarian  in  the  University  of  North 
Dakota. 

JEWETT,  Walter  Kendall,  librarian  at  the 
University  of  Nebraska,  died  at  Lincoln, 
March  3.  Dr.  Jewett  came  from  the  John 
Crerar  Library  to  Lincoln  in  1906,  and  had 
since  that  time  built  up  a  notably  effective 
administration. 

MORRIS,  Louise  R.,  who  for  the  past  eight 
years  has  been  librarian  of  the  Summit 
(N.  J.)  Free  Public  Library,  has  resigned, 
and  will  spend  the  next  few  years  in  study 
and  travel  abroad.  Miss  Morris'  resignation 
goes  into  effect  June  I. 

UTLEY,  Henry  M.,  of  Detroit,  is  to  retire, 
July  i,  from  active  work  at  the  head  of  the 
Detroit  library  system,  but  will  continue  as 
librarian  emeritus.  Mr.  Utley*s  service  in 
Detroit  has  extended  over  twenty-seven  years, 
and  the  modern  development  of  the  branches 
and  library  extension  has  come  during  his 
administration. 


Gifts  an&  Bequests 


Bethlehem,  Pa.  The  Free  Library  of  the 
Bethlehems  receives  $50,000  by  bequest  from 
John  Fritz,  the  ironmaster.  This  sum  is  to 
be  used  for  a  building  when  $25,000  more  has 
been  raised  for  maintenance. 

Glens  Falls,  N.  Y.  By  the  will  of  Henry 
Crandall,  of  Glens  Falls,  his  estate,  after  the 
lifetime  of  his  wife,  is  to  remain  in  possession 
of  a  perpetual  corporation,  who  will  administer 
the  income  for  the  parks  and  the  library  of  the 
town.  The  estate  is  said  to  be  of  about 
$500,000. 

Holbrook,  Mass.  E.  Everett  Holbrook  has 
given  $5000  to  the  town  for  the  public  library. 

Memphis,  Tenn.  Mrs.  Helen  Cossitt  Juil- 
liard,  daughter  of  the  founder  of  the  Cossitt 
Library,  has  recently  given  the  library  $5000. 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  re- 
ceives $5000  from  the  American  Telegraph 
and  Telephone  Company  for  the  care  of  the 
electrical  library,  and  the  same  sum  is  prom- 
ised annually  for  the  next  five  years. 

New  York  City.  The  Association  of  the 
Bar  of  the  City  of  New  York  has  received 
from  Miss  Emily  F.  Southmayd  a  gift  of 
$100,000  in  memory  of  her  brother,  the  distin- 
guished lawyer,  Charles  F.  Southmayd.  The 
income  of  the  fund  is  to  be  spent  for  the  pur- 
chase of  books. 

Oshkosh  (Wis.}  P.  L.  has  received  two 
large  bronze  lions  of  Italian  workmanship 
from  Col.  John  Hicks  for  each  side  of  the 
entrance  steps. 

Reading,  Pa.  An  additional  appropriation 
of  $11,180  has  been  received  from  Andrew 
Carnegie  for  the  furnishing  of  the  building 
given  by  him  to  the  city.  It  will  probably 
now  be  opened  in  April. 

St.  Louis,  Mo.  An  art  library,  as  a  memo- 
rial to  J.  Clifford  Richardson,  of  St.  Louis,  is 
being  installed  in  the  Art  Museum  building  in 
Forest  Park.  A  sum  of  between  $50,000  and 
$100,000  was  left  by  Mrs.  Richarson  for  the 
memorial;  "the  Sturgis  art  and  reference  li- 
brary" of  3000  volumes  forms  the  nucleus  of 
the  collection. 

Westboro,  Mass.  According  to  the  will  of 
Rufus  J.  Forbush,  the  bulk  of  his  estate  of 
$40,000  was  left  to  the  town  for  the  use  of 
the  public  library. 

Xtbears  "Reports 

Adams  (Mass.)  F.  L.  Lucy  G.  Richmond, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  827;  total 
17,360.  New  registration  430 ;  total  registration 
5011.  Circulation  40,899.  Receipts  $4453.10; 
expenditures  $4003.61. 


242 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


Amesbury  (Mass.}  P.  L.  Alice  C.  Follans- 
bee,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  1912.)  Accessions  652. 
Circulation  41,065.  Receipts  $4044.35;  expen- 
ditures $4024.22. 

Andover  (Mass.),  Memorial  Hall  L.  Edna 
A.  Brown,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
651;  total  20,065.  New  registration  364;  total 
registration  2848.  ;  Circulation  32,415.  Re- 
ceipts $37,883.30;  expenditures  $32511.19. 

A  branch  for  Ballardville  and  enlargement 
of  Memorial  Hall  or  a  new  building  is  urged. 
A  steady  supply  of  flowers  for  the  reading 
room  has  been  provided  by  different  residents 
— about  300  gifts  between  April  and  Novem- 
ber. 

Atlantic  City  (N.  /.)  F.  P.  L.  Alvaretta  P. 
Abbott,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Number  of 
volumes  25,347.  Circulation  157,837.  New  regis- 
tration 2743;  total  registration  12,115..  Re- 
ceipts $17,552.51;  expenditures  $14,521.43. 

The  library  maintains  a  medical  collection, 
a  teachers'  room,  historical  room  and  a  mu- 
seum. Juvenile  circulation  was  46,331. 

Attleborough  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Eugenia  M. 
Henry,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  931; 
total  15,551.  New  registration  758;  total  reg- 
istration 6147.  Circulation  58,188.  Receipts 
$7593.32;  expenses  $7490. 

Auburn  (N.  Y.),  Seymour  P.  L.  Elizabeth 
Porter  Clarke,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Ac- 
cessions 1556;  total  24,391.  New  registration 
771,  1095  renewals;  total  4979.  Circulation 
70,521.  Three  books  are  now  allowed  to  a 
borrower,  and  eight  school  libraries  have  been 
•established. 

Bdlingham  (Wash.}  P.  L.  Grace  Switzer, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  1912.)  Accessions  2631 ;  to- 
tal 15,926  (Fairhaven  5487).  Circulation  81,- 
180.  Expenditures  $9226.93. 

Fiction  percentage  in  the  Fairhaven  branch 
has  decreased  from  80  to  70  per  cent,  the  last 
half  year.  Development  of  the  children's  de- 
partment and  of  a  system  of  deposit  stations 
is  urged. 

Boston  (Mass.)  Athenaum.  Charles  Knowles 
Bolton,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  — yr.  1912.)  Accession 
4685;  total  254,412  Photographs,  engravings 
and  maps  added  1170.  Shares  in  use  803. 
Circulation  38,465.  Non-proprietors  having  ad- 
mission cards  574;  total  non-proprietors  using 
library  609. 

Extensive  purchases  of  Revolutionary  and 
Confederate  newspapers  have  been  made.  The 
method  of  fiction  selection  is  outlined  and  the 
following  figures  (for  1912)  given  to  show 
the  results  of  a  typical  year's  purchase.  162 
novels  were  bought  and  given  permanent  shelf 
numbers ;  85  novels  purchased  before  1912  were 
given  permanent  shelf  numbers;  247  novels  in 
all  were  added  to  the  permanent  collection  of 
fiction;  231  novels  were  bought  in  1912,  but 
were  considered  of  uncertain  value  and  were 
given  a  temporary  place. 


Baltimore  (Md.),  Enoch  Pratt  F.  L.  B.  C. 
Steiner,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
19,017;  total  301,023.  Registration  40,076. 
Circulation  616,083.  Expenditures  $88,913.62. 

The  report  calls  attention  to  the  need  of  a 
larger  income  for  the  efficient  utilization  of 
the  library's  over  300,000  volumes.  The  cen- 
tral building,  too,  is  extremely  crowded,  with 
the  corridors  and  basements  utilized  for  shelf 
room.  The  work  of  the  14  branches  is  ex- 
tending, and  the  traveling  libraries,  etc.,  con- 
tinued as  before.  The  following  statement 
of  the  library's  needs  was  presented: 

1.  An  extensive  addition  to  the  central  li- 
brary facilities  in  the  shape  of  an  additional 
new  building,  monumental  in  its  architecture, 
convenient  and  modern  in  its  interior,  adja- 
cent to  and  connecting  with  the  present  cen- 
tral library  building. 

2.  Until  the  erection  of  such  a  building,  the 
establishment  in  remodeled  dwellings  adjacent 
to  the  central  building,  of  those  departments 
for  which  we  have  no  facilities  in  the  present 
building,    for    example:    (a)    a    technological 
room,  (b)  a  young  people's  room,  (c)  a  teach- 
er's room,  (d)  an  open-shelf  room,  containing 
a  standard  library. 

3.  A  sufficient  sum  of  money  to  enable  us 
to    convert   the    earlier   branch   libraries    into 
open-shelf  libraries,  so  that  there  may  be  no 
discrimination  against  the  people  in  the  sec- 
tions  of   the   city   where  these   libraries   are 
located. 

4.  A  sufficiently  large  book  fund  to  enable 
us  to  purchase  very  much  more  largely  for 
the  branches  and  to  increase  the  number  of 
duplicates  purchased. 

5.  Sites  for  12  branch  libraries. 

An  appropriation  of  $51,500  from  the  city 
was  asked  for,  in  addition  to  the  income — 
$50,000 — from  the  Pratt  endowment. 

An  unusual  feature  of  the  report  is  the 
detailed  and  individual  reports  of  the  branch 
librarians,  the  value  of  which  no  brief  gen- 
eralization can  indicate. 

Bristol  (R.  /.),  Rogers  Free  L.  George  V. 
Arnold,  Ibn.  Accessions  401  (net  increase 
355)  5  total  (cataloged)  19,048.  New  regis- 
tration 231 ;  total  registration  2035.  Circula- 
tion 18,875.  Receipts  $2124.81 ;  expenditures 
$1942.97- 

Brookfield  (Mass.),  Merrick  P.  L.  Winni- 
fred  S.  Farrell,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Ac- 
cessions 408;  total  18,995.  Circulation  18,960. 
Receipts  $1113.29;  expenditures  $1214.27. 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  Walter  L.  Brown, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  1912.)  Accessions  32,665; 
withdrawn  26,452;  net  additions  6213;  total 
306,725.  New  registration  21,316;  total  regis- 
tration 79,400.  Circulation  1,507,267.  Receipts 
$121,880.58;  expenditures  $119,121.19. 

The  directors  ask  for  an  increased  appro- 
priation for  the  material  growth  of  the  library 
system.  Adequate  quarters  for  all  but  one 
branch  are  needed;  the  circulation  from  the 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


243 


branches  in  many  cases  was  extraordinary,  the 
.last  one  to  open  having  a  circulation  of  95,000. 
The  system  of  school  libraries  which  orig- 
inated in  Buffalo  has  never  been  extended  to 
all  the  schools  of  the  city.  Eighteen  day 
schools  and  night  schools  with  10,000  pupils 
are  still  without  library  service. 

Burlington  (la.)  F.  P.  L.  Miriam  B.  Whar- 
ton,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  2559; 
total  35,415.  Circulation  96,236  (juvenile  20,- 
484,  schools  23,694).  New  registration  1008; 
total  6377.  Expenditures  $8343.98. 

Exhibits  on  the  Panama  Canal  and  Keokuk 
Dam,  and  an  art  exhibit,  with  an  essay  com- 
petition for  school  children,  met  with  success. 

Cincinnati  (O.)  P.  L.  N.  D.t  C.  Hodges, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Registration  84,465. 
Circulation  1,002,016  (not  including  180,299 
pictures). 

References  were  prepared  for  the  programs 
of  40  woman's  clubs  and  for  the  "World  in 
Cincinnati/'  the  missionary  exposition  held  in 
March.  Work  with  foreigners  has  increased, 
179  libraries,  with  a  circulation  of  37,846,  were 
placed  in  schools.  Two  new  branches,  mak- 
ing a  total  of  nineteen,  were  opened.  One  of 
them  occupies  a  large  corner  room  on  the 
ground  floor  of  the  new  Frederick  Douglass 
School  for  Colored  People,  in  the  center  of  a 
closely  settled  colored  community.  The  chil- 
dren and  teachers  fill  the  room  during  the 
noon  hour  and  after  school,  and  grown  peo- 
ple come  in  somewhat  smaller  numbers  in 
the  late  afternoon  and  evening.  Five  deposit 
stations  were  established,  some  taking  the 
place  of  old  delivery  stations.  At  the  Budget 
exhibit,  in  the  fall,  the  distribution  of  agen- 
cies was  drawn  on  a  large  wall  map  of  the 
county,  and  a  collection  of  pictures  and  a 
traveling  library  case  illustrated  the  work  in 
more  detail.  For  the  "World  in  Cincinnati," 
books  on  the  country  assigned  each  suburb 
were  massed  at  the  nearest  branch,  making  it 
possible  to  handle  the  heavy  reference  work 
which  lasted  through  several  months. 

Chicago  (Ill.),Newberry  L.  W.  N.  C.  Carl- 
ton,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  8580; 
total  342,557.  Circulation  110,278.  Attend- 
ance 71,074. 

Three  special  exhibits  have  been  held,  and 
several  changes  been  made  in  the  building — 
the  installation  of  a  part  of  a  two-story  metal 
stack  and  the  transfer  of  two  departments  to 
different  quarters.  The  arts  and  letters  de- 
partment room  has  been  given  over  to  cata- 
loging, accessions  and  classification. 

Colorado  State  L.,  Denver.  Nellie  K.  Gra- 
vett,  asst.  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  biennial  yrs.  1911-12.) 
Accessions  5244  vols.,  9320  pamphlets ;  total 
accessions  14,564.  The  report  presents  the 
following  recommendations : 

i.  That  a  committee  be  appointed  by  the 
legislature  to  look  into  the  library  conditions 
of  the  state  and  the  State  library.  2.  Unifica- 
tion of  library  heads,  placed  under  a  State 


Library  Commission  and  all  centralized  in  the 
State  Library.  3.  That  a  Legislative  Refer- 
ence Bureau  be  established.  4.  That  an  ex- 
change department  be  created.  5.  That  a  lib- 
eral appropriation  for  the  maintenance  and 
conduct  of  the  State  Library  be  made. 

Dubuque  (la.),  Carnegie-Stout  F.  P.  L. 
Lillian  B.  Arnold,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Ac- 
cessions 1358;  total  32,274  (not  including  pub- 
lic documents,  numbering  12,700).  New  reg- 
istration 858;  total  14,483.  Circulation  40,879 
(main  library  27,083,  school  13,596).  Expen- 
ditures $8225.55. 

The  annual  Library  Day  was  successfully 
observed;  many  exhibitions  have  been  held, 
including  an  exhibit  of  the  work  of  the  pub- 
lic schools.  The  building  has  been  largely 
renovated. 

Davenport  (la.)  P.  L.  Grace  Delphine 
Rose,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
4530J  total  35,935-  New  registration  10,330; 
total  registration  10,251.  Circulation  172,335. 

Delivery  stations  have  been  opened  in  all 
parts  of  the  city,  so  that  library  privileges  are 
within  walking  distance  of  all  residents.  A 
large  show  window  has  been  used  for  adver- 
tising in  one  of  the  branches.  The  school  cir- 
culation was  39,144;  the  usual  course  in  the 
use  of  the  library  was  given  to  a  class  of 
teachers,  and  a  reception  and  exhibit  given  at 
the  library  to  the  teachers  of  the  city. 

Exeter  (N.  H.)  P.  L.  Carrie  E.  Byington, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  to  F.  15,  '13.)  Accessions 
440;  total  17,281.  New  registration  522.  Cir- 
culation 29,577.  Receipts  $3004.99;  expenses 

$2727.83. 

Farmington  (Conn.),  Village  L.  Lillian  E. 
Root,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr  to  S.  n,  1912.)  Acces- 
sions 342 ;  total  6410.  Circulation  10,249.  Re- 
ceipts $717.12;  expenses  $485.81. 

Glover sinlle  (N.  Y.)  F.  L.  Mabel  Getman, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  694;  total 
28,835.  Circulation  85,416  (increase  20,781 ; 
adult  40,983;  juvenile  16,315). 

A  "gift  table"  in  the  main  lobby  since  Sep- 
tember, 1912,  has  held  books  and  magazines 
given  by  various  people;  these  books  may  be 
taken  by  anyone  who  wants  them,  without 
any  obligation  to  return  them.  This  feature 
has  been  extremely  popular. 

Germantown  (Pa.),  Friends'  F.  L.  Hannah 
M.  Jones,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  to  Ag.  31,  *I2.) 
Accessions  697;  total  27,451.  New  registra- 
tion 373.  Circulation  13,846.  Receipts  $12,- 
921.95 ;  expenses  $10,736.05.  Alterations,  cost- 
ing $4274.39,  have  been  made.  The  Meeting 
has  given  the  library  $200  more  annually. 

Gorham  (Me.),  Baxter  Mem.  L.  John  A. 
Hinkley,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  to  Ja.  31,  '13.)  Ac- 
cessions 381.  Circulation  16,131.  Receipts 
$1526.30;  expenditures  $1361.05. 

Grand  Rapids  (Mich.)  P.  L.  Samuel  H. 
Ranck,  Ibn.  (4ist  annual  rpt. — yr.  to  Mar. 


244 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


31,  1912.)  Accessions  8691  (net  increase 
7102);  total  130,116.  New  registration  6298; 
total  registration  22,064.  Circulation  253,415. 
Expenditures  $46,541.46  (books  $10,556.10). 

The  report  discusses  at  some  length  the 
question  of  what  to  do  about  readers'  re- 
quests for  the  purchase  of  books.  The  Michi- 
gan and  historical  collections  have  far  out- 
grown their  quarters.  Study  of  the  problem 
of  the  unused  book  has  been  continued; 
books  which  had  not  gone  into  circulation  for 
two  years  were  placed  on  open  shelves,  with 
the  result  that  in  general,  within  a  month, 
10  to  15  per  cent,  of  them  went  into  circula- 
tion. Children's  work,  school  circulation,  li- 
brary extension  courses,  etc.,  have  been  car- 
ried on  with  increasing  usefulness. 

Hackensack  ( N.  /. ) ,  Johnson  F.  P.  L.  Mary 
Boggan,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
1288;  total  15,966.  New  registration  519;  to- 
tal registration  3228.  Circulation  62,966.  Re- 
ceipts $5108.29;  expenditures  $5706.17. 

The  need  for  increased  space  has  been  met 
temporarily  by  placing  a  gallery  in  the  stack 
room,  with  space  for  1200  more  volumes.  A 
branch  or  distributing  station  is  being  con- 
templated. 

Herkimer  (N.  Y.)  F.  L.  Edith  M.  Sheaf, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  479;  total 
12,208.  New  registrations  401 ;  total  3803. 
Circulation  29,061.  Expenditures  $1437.25 
(books  $462.22). 

Hopedale,  Mass.  Bancroft  Mem.  L.  Har- 
riet E.  Sornberger,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  1912.) 
Accessions  479;  total  11,476.  New  registra- 
tion 133;  total  1235.  Circulation  26,069.  Re- 
ceipts $3197.52;  expenditures  $3197.52. 

The  circulation  per  capita  is  12.01,  and  bor- 
rowers may  draw  four  books  at  a  time,  two  of 
which  may  be  fiction. 

Junction  City  (Kan.),  George  Smith  P.  L. 
Garnette  Heaton,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Ac- 
cessions 1004;  total  9121.  New  registration 
556;  total  3624.  Circulation  29,105.  Receipts 
$5918.64  ($4160  from  rentals  of  part  of  li- 
brary building)  ;  expenditures  $5026.10. 

Laconia  (N.  H.)  P.  L.  Olin  S.  Davis,  Ibn. 
(Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  657;  total  19,- 
880.  New  registration  422 ;  total  registration 
5417.  Circulation  46,161.  Receipts  $6672.50; 
expenditures  $6012.80. 

Leland  Stanford  Junior  University,  Stanford, 
Cal  George  Thomas  Dark,  Ibn.  (Rpt  — yr. 
1912.)  Accessions  12,888;  total  174,379  (vols. 
in  Lane  Medical  Library,  San  Francisco,  31,- 
422;  total  205,801).  Circulation,  133,074. 

Lexington  (Ky.)  P.  L.  Florence  Dillard, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  1326;  to- 
tal 26,004.  Circulation  59,765.  Receipts 
$835579;  expenditures  $7029.84. 

Mattapoisett  (Mass.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  — yr. 
1912.)  Accessions  161;  total  6492.  Circula- 
tion 11,153. 


Milford  (N.  H.)  F.  L.  Annabel  C.  Se- 
cpmb,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  to  F.  15,  '13.)  Acces- 
sions 538;  total  11,493.  Circulation  32,490. 
Receipts  $1818.27;  expenditures  $1804.15. 

Mass.  Gen.  Hospital, Boston  (Mass.),  Tread- 
well  L.  Grace  W.  Myers,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr. 
1912.)  Accessions  630;  total  8277.  No.  vols. 
hospital  records  indexed  and  prepared  for 
binding  120;  cards  written  for  clinical  catalog 
13,988. 

Mass.  Inst.  of  Technology  Libs.,  Boston, 
(Mass.)  Robt.  P.  Bigelow,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr. 
1911-12.).  Accessions  5021  (excluding  un- 
bound periodicals)  ;  total  95,528  (not  includ- 
ing 27,239  pamphlets  and  maps).  Circulation 
13,304. 

Maj.  Cole'S  gift  to  Technology  Union,  and 
the  Dering  Library,  estimated  at  30,000,  are 
not  included  in  this  number.  The  Dering  col- 
lection, given  by  American  Telephone  and 
Telegraph  Co.,  containing  about  30,000  vol- 
umes, is  the  most  important  ever  received  by 
the  library.  Other  gifts  include  photographic 
periodicals  and  general  literature  from  Maj. 
Cole. 

Mercantile  Library  of  New  York  (N.  Y.). 
W.  T.  Peoples,  Ibn.  (92d  annual  rpt. — yr. 
1912.)  Accessions  5882  (net  increase  1208)  ; 
total  243,062  (pamphlets  added  654).  Num- 
ber of  members  2042;  persons  entitled  to  use 
library  3746.  Circulation  96,984  (home  71,030, 
downtown  branch  20,989,  reference  4965). 
Readers  6332.  Receipts  $32,792.43;  expendi- 
tures $28,978.04. 

General  Society  of  Mechanics  and  Trades- 
men, N.  Y.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
2571;  total  94,063.  Circulation  75,776  (52,444 
fiction).  New  registration  2449. 

Newark  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  Sue  A.  Saltsman, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  to  Oct.  31,  1912.)  Accessions 
702;  total  10,294.  New  registration  374;  total 
4061.  Circulation  32,422. 

New  Haven  (Conn.),  Colony  Historical 
Society.  Frederick  Bostwick,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— 
yr.  to  O.  31,  '12.)  Accessions  150  books,  450 
pamphlets.  Receipts  $6869.25;  expenditures 
$2615.07. 

New  Haven  (Conn.),  Yale  University  Libs. 
John  C.  Schwab,  Ibn.  (Rpt— yr.  to  Je.  30, 
1912.)  Accessions  45,933  (main  library)  ;  to- 
tal (all  libraries)  893,937  (main  library).  Bor- 
rowers 1896.  Circulation  18,470  (outside  li- 
brary). Receipts  $80,744.70;  expenses  $82,- 
224.70.  Linonian  and  Brothers  L.:  Circula- 
tion 19,263.  Borrowers  1730.  Law  L.:  Acces- 
sions 768;  total  35,004  books,  10,311  pamph- 
lets. 

The  system  of  reserving  books  for  the  use 
of  particular  classes  is  growing.  Owen  F. 
Aldis  has  given  an  important  collection  of 
first  editions  of  American  belles-lettres,  and 
looo  volumes  of  American  poetry  were  an- 
onymously added.  Other  gifts  are  numerous 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


245 


and  valuable.  The  new  Elizabethan  Club  has 
a  collection  of  first  editions  of  the  Eliza- 
bethan era  listed  in  the  report. 

Exhibitions  of  manuscript  letters  connected 
with  Yale  history,  works  of  the  late  President 
Porter,  Connecticut  governors'  proclamations, 
and  printed  works  of  graduates  were  held. 
Publications  include  a  finding  list  of  engi- 
neering periodicals;  a  list  of  medical  period- 
icals is  about  to  appear. 

North  Adams  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Mabel  Tem- 
ple, Ibn.  (2Qth  rpt— yr.  to  N.  30,  '12.)  Ac- 
cessions 1596;  total  34,058.  New  registrations 
979;  total  registration  7327.  Circulation  95,- 
381  (pictures  2216).  Receipts  $7408.65;  ex- 
penses $7341-84. 

Stories  were  told  to  children  during  the 
summer  at  the  main  building  and  Blackinton 
branch.  High  school  teachers  cooperated  with 
the  library  in  making  reading  lists  and  get- 
ting new  readers  in  their  classes.  Dickens, 
Scott,  Arnold  Bennett  and  other  exhibits 
were  held.  Books  for  foreigners  were  adver- 
tised through  the  evening  schools. 

Omaha  (Neb.)  P.  L.  Edith  Tobitt,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  5730;  total  104,- 
538.  Registration  17,823.  Circulation  267,371. 

Some  of  the  points  brought  out  in  the  re- 
port are:  The  change  in  the  hour  for  closing 
from  9  p.m.  to  10  p.m. ;  the  discontinuance 
of  the  guarantor  system;  the  increase  in  the 
number  of  books  issued  to  each  borrower  at 
one  time;  the  increase  in  the  number  of 
periodicals  to  be  issued  on  cards,  this  collec- 
tion now  numbering  80;  the  beginning  of  the 
establishment  of  branch  libraries  in  school 
buildings;  the  management  of  the  C.  N.  Dietz 
lecture  course  held  at  the  High  School  audi- 
torium; the  preparation  of  a  chart  giving  by 
district  the  number  of  library  readers,  com- 
pared to  the  population,  this  to  be  used  as  a 
basis  for  the  establishment  of  delivery  sta- 
tions in  the  future;  the  removal  of  a  part  of 
the  library  to  quarters  in  the  Court  House, 
this  having  been  done  because  of  the  crowded 
condition  of  the  library  building;  the  collect- 
ing of  pamphlets  and  documents  in  prepara- 
tion for  the  establishment  of  a  municipal 
reference  department,  either  at  the  library 
or  at  the  City  Hall;  through  the  courtesy 
of  the  May  Music  Festival,  the  acquisition 
of  a  large  collection  of  instrumental  music 
which  may  circulate  to  borrowers;  the  al- 
most daily  use  of  the  free  lecture  room  for 
classes  and  clubs ;  the  rearrangement^  of  the 
museum  on  the  third  floor,  thus  making  this 
collection  of  greater  educational  value  than 
formerly;  an  exhibit  of  the  work  of  modern 
American  artists,  February  17  to  March  3,  in- 
clusive, under  the  management  of  the  Omaha 
Society  of  Fine  Arts;  the  management  of  a 
class  in  advanced  civics,  conducted  under  the 
direction  of  the  library  and  free  to  the  public. 

Orange  (N.  /.)  Free  L.  Elizabeth  How- 
land  Wesson,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  1912.)  Acces- 
sions 687;  total  36,700.  Circulation  83,656. 


The  report  points  out  the  need  of  larger 
purchases  for  children's  books,  and  interesting, 
up-to-date  works  in  German,  Italian  and  other 
languages. 

Philadelphia  (Pa.),  City  Institute.  Mrs.  M. 
A.  Fell,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
1018;  total  34,045.  Circulation  42,306;  visitors 
90,549.  Receipts  $5917.8^  ;  expenditures  $5263.42. 

Port  Deposit,  Md.  Jacob  Tome  Institute  L. 
(i8th  yr.,  ending  June  19,  1912.)  Accessions 
384;  total  13,850  (not  including  2000  pamphlets 
and  9000  pictures).  Circulation  16,202  (adult 
10,000,  juvenile  1579).  Registration  695.  Ex- 
penditures $850. 

No  books  are  allowed  to  circulate  during 
the  school  hours  — 8:15-3:15  — but  the  library 
is  open  all  day  for  reference  work.  There  are 
two  branch  libraries,  one  of  which  is  strictly 
juvenile.  These  are  also  in  connection  with 
the  school.  Our  borrowers,  among  the  towns- 
people, number  about  90,  exclusive  of  the  chil- 
dren of  the  town,  who  are  registered  as  stu- 
dents. 

Rutland  (Vt.)  F.  L.  Lucy  D.  Cheney,  Ibn. 
(Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  608;  total  19,- 
029.  New  registration  640.  Circulation  62,143. 
Receipts  $2838.33. 

The  gain  in  circulation,  1666,  was  largely  in 
non-fiction — in  particular,  juvenile  non-fiction. 
The  percentage  in  the  children's  department 
is  31,  in  comparison  with  26  in  the  main  li- 
brary. Fifteen  out-of-town  study  clubs  and 
individuals  have  been  borrowing  non-fiction 
regularly. 

Salem  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Gardner  M.  Jones, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  to  N.  30,  '12.)  Accessions 
3596;  total  57,951.  New  registration  984.  Cir- 
culation 92,687.  Receipts  $87,926.59;  expen- 
ditures $52,300.37. 

The  alterations  and  additions,  already  de- 
scribed in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  for  June, 
1912,  were  completed  June  i,  and  the  work  of 
reorganization  and  expansion  has  progressed 
steadily  since  then. 

Schenectady  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  — yr. 
1912.)  Accessions  3994;  total  31,127.  New 
registration  3059;  total  registration  17,269. 
Circulation  164,041.  Receipts  $13,795-35;  ex- 
penditures $13,702.11. 

A  branch  has  been  opened  in  a  public 
school,  with  a  reading  room  and  collection  of 
1500  volumes.  A  catalog  of  the  newer  publi- 
cations is  issued  from  time  to  time,  a  method 
which  the  librarians  find  "more  useful  than  a 
regular  monthly  or  quarterly  bulletin  padded 
with  magazines,  reference,  and  other  titles 
of  little  interest." 

Shelburne  Falls  (Mass.),  Arms  L.  C.  P. 
Hall,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  255; 
total  11,738. 

Summit  (N.  J.)  F.  P.  L.  Louise  R.  Morris, 
Ibn.  (Rpt— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  1233;  total 


246 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  1913 


9783.    New  registration  575;  total  2262.    Cir- 
culation 32,796. 

The  need  of  new  stacks  to  accommodate 
the  library's  rapid  growth  is  emphasized. 

St.  Louis,  Mo.  Mercantile  L.  W.  L.  R. 
Gifford,  Ibn.  (Rpt. —  yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
4849;  total  143,013.  New  members  192;  total 
membership  3311.  Receipts  $72,138.75;  expen- 
ditures $68,135.98. 

Townsend  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Evelyn  L.  War- 
ren, Ibn.  Accessions  229;  total  6471.  Circu- 
lation 10,621.  Receipts  $623.43;  expenditures 
$539-21. 

Troy  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  Mary  L.  Davis,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  1880;  total  47,- 
565.  New  registration  1832 ;  total  registration 
11,204.  Circulation  98,201.  Receipts  $20,- 
331.72;  expenditures  $20,203.37. 

The  juvenile  department  has  been  devel- 
oped and  strengthened,  and  the  room  newly 
decorated  and  provided  with  new  shelves. 
Work  with  the  schools  and  the  foreign  circu- 
lation have  increased. 

U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture  Libraries. 
Claribel  R.  Barnett,  Ibn.  (Rpt— fiscal  year  to 
Je.  30,  1912.)  Accessions  9122;  total  122,043. 
Circulation  (partial)  70,655  books,  128,883 
periodicals.  Expenses  $53,004.95. 

Monthly  meetings  of  the  staff  were  held 
October-June.  Publications  included  the 
Monthly  Bulletin.  2382  cards  in  "Agricul- 
ture" series  prepared  for  Library  of  Con- 
gress. Catalog  of  forestry  publications  in 
department  library  completed,  bibliography 
on  White  Mountain  and  Appalachian  regions 
printed.  A  list  of  duplicates  on  hand  is  forth- 
coming. 1948  periodicals  are  received. 

An  inventory  has  been  begun.  A  closer 
cooperation  with  the  agricultural  libraries  of 
colleges  and  experiment  stations  all  over  the 
country  is  being  sought.  The  report  includes 
a  history  of  the  library,  which  was  established 
fifty  years  ago,  and  a  list  of  the  series  for 
which  cards  are  prepared. 

Wakefield  (Mass.),  Beebe  Town  L.  H. 
Gertrude  Lee,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Acces- 
sions 731 ;  total  18,222.  New  registration  693. 
Circulation  54,399.  Receipts  $2997.07;  expen- 
ditures $2697.07. 

Walpole  (Mass.}  P.  L.  Ida  J.  Phelps,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  680.  Circulation 
26,740.  New  registration  225. 

Washington  (D.  C.),  Soldiers'  Home  L. 
(Rpt.— yr.  to  Ag.  20,  '12.)  Accessions  1327; 
total  11,032.  Circulation  25,925. 

Winnetka  (III.)  F.  P.  L.  Jessie  E.  Mc- 
Kenzie,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  to  Je.  30,  '12.)  Ac- 
cessions 943;  total  7420.  Registration  1189. 
Circulation  15,578.  Receipts  $3017.02;  expen- 
ditures $2589.20. 

Westerly  (R.  I.)  P.  L.  Joseph  L.  Peacock, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  to  O.  15,  1912.)  Accessions 


2333;  total  31,027  (exclusive  of  government 
publications).  New  registration  780;  total 
4460.  Circulation  65,052  (juvenile  15,051). 

The  library  serves  a  population  of  11,700, 
including  the  part  of  town  over  the  Connec- 
ticut line.  For  Westerly  itself,  the  circulation 
per  capita  is  7.27  per  cent.,  and  on  the  basis 
of  the  larger  area,  5.85.  The  average  for  the 
state  is  1.30. 

West  Brook-field  (Mass.),  Merriam  P.  L. 
Mary  P.  Foster,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Ac- 
cessions 348;  total  9948.  Registration  800. 
Circulation  15,690. 

Winthrop    (Mass.)    P.  L.     Alice  A.   Mun- 
day,  Ibn.     (28th  annual  rpt. — yr.  1912.)     Ac-" 
cessions  636;  total  13,004.     Registration  4047. 
Circulation  36,888.     Receipts  $5270.23. 

FOREIGN 

Imperial  L.,  Calcutta,  India.  J.  A.  Chap- 
man, Ibn.  (Rpt— Ja.  i,  'n-Mr.  31,  '12.)  Ac- 
cessions 13,846.  Number  of  readers  ,  39,832. 
Books  issued  8879. 

Bibliography  anfc  Cataloging 

GENERAL  BIBLIOGRAPHIES.  Brown,  Zaidee,  comp. 
Buying  list  of  books  for  small  libraries. 
New  ed.;  rev.  by  Caroline  Webster.  Chic., 
Am.  Lib.  Assn.  64  p.  4°,  pap. 

Brandenburg,  S.  J.,  comp.  One  hundred 

good  books  for  country  readers.  Oxford, 
O.,  Miami  Univ.  Lib.  14  p.  12°,  pap. 

Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D. 

C.  Classified  list  of  Smithsonian  publica- 
tions available  for  distribution,  Jan.  I,  1913. 
31  p.  8°,  pap. 

Gray,  W.  Forbes,  ed.  Books  that  count; 

a  dictionary  of  standard  books.  N.  Y.,  Mac- 
millan.  19-1-630+58  p.  12°,  $5. 

AGRICULTURE.  Babcock,  Ernest  Brown.  De- 
velopment of  secondary  school  agriculture 
in  California.  Berkeley,  Cal.,  Univ.  of  Cal., 
'ii.  52+2  p.  (3  p.  bibl.)  (College  of  Agri- 
culture, Agricultural  Experiment  Station 
cir.)  pap.,  gratis. 

Univ.  of  Cal.  Publications  in  agricul- 
tural sciences.  Berkeley.  49  p.  pap.,  45  c. 

Va.  State  Lib.  Bull,  Ja.,  '13.  A  list  of 

manuscripts  relating  to  the  history  of  agri- 
culture in  Virginia;  collected  by  N.  F.  Ca- 
bell,  and  now  in  the  Va.  State  Lib.  Rich- 
mond, Va.  20  p.  8°,  pap. 

AMERICA.  Rosenbach  Co.  Catalogue  of  rare 
and  important  books  and  manuscripts  re- 
lating to  America,  early  voyages  and  dis- 
coveries, colonial  tracts  and  pamphlets,  Rev- 
olutionary War,  western  travel,  Indians  and 
early  American  imprints,  laws,  maps  and 
views.  Philadelphia,  Pa.  8°,  pap.  (No. 
16;  683  titles.) 

AMERICAN  HISTORY.  Andrews,  C.  McLean. 
Guide  to  the  materials  for  American  history, 


April,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


247 


to  1783,  in  the  Public  Record  Office  of  Great 
Britain,  v.  I,  The  state  papers.  Wash.,  D. 
C,  Carnegie  Inst.  11+346  p.  4°»  pap.,  $2.50. 

AMERICANA.  Anderson  Auction  Co.  Rare 
Americana  relating  to  the  American  Indians 
collected  by  Wilberforce  Eames,  part  HI. 
N.  Y.  8°,  pap.  (No.  994;  1896  titles.) 

BIBLE.  Goodman,  Frederic  Simeon.  Effective 
Bible  study;  suggestions  for  individual  and 
class  study.  N.  Y.,  Assn.  Press,  c.  3+55  p. 
(20  p.  bibl.)  12°,  25  c. 

BOTANY.  Lloyd  Lib.  Bibliography  relating  to 
the  floras  of  Europe  in  general  and  the  floras 
of  Great  Britain.  Cincinnati,  O.  70  p.  8°, 

•  pap. 

CARDS.  Lyons,  Will  H.  Books  on  whist  and 
other  card  games.  Petersburg,  Ky.,  16°, 
pap.  (No.  2.) 

CATHOLIC  LITERATURE.  Baer,  Jos.,  &  Co.  Theo- 
logia  Catholica.  Siebenter  Teil:  Kirchen- 
geschichte  II.,  Ordens-  und  Klostergeschichte. 
Frankfurt  a.-M.  8°,  pap.  (No.  607;  1725 
titles.) 

CHESS.  Lyons,  Will  H.  Chess  requisites  and 
works  on  chess ;  new  and  standard  books  on 
chess.  Petersburg,  Ky.  16°,  pap.  (No.  10.) 

CHILDREN.  N.  Y.  Sch.  of  Philanthropy  Bull., 
Mr.,  '13.  Infant  welfare.  3  p.  8°,  pap. 
(No.  10.) 

CHILDREN'S  READING.  Boys'  and  girls'  book- 
shelf. L,  Index;  II.,  Reading  and  study 
courses;  a  guide  to  the  bookshelf's  use  and 
enjoyment  by  young  readers.  Prepared  by 
the  editorial  board  N.  Y.  Univ.  Soc..  3+ 
73+7+60  p.  8°,  pap.  (Not  sold  separately.) 

CHILDREN'S  READING.  Newark  (N.  J.)  F.  P.  L. 
Books  for  boys  and  girls.  66  p.  12°,  pap. 

CITY  DOCUMENTS.  N.  Y.  P.  L.  Bull,,  Mr.,  '13. 
List  of  city  charters,  ordinances  and  public 
documents,  part  v.  p.  255-296,  4°,  pap. 

COTTON  MANUFACTURING.  Copeland,  Melvin 
T.  The  cotton  manufacturing  industry  of 
the  United  States;  awarded  the  David  A. 
Wells  prize  for  the  year  1911-12  and  pub- 
lished from  the  income  of  the  David  A. 
Wells  fund.  Cambridge,  Mass.,  Harvard 
Univ.  c.  '12.  12+415  p.  (7  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (Har- 
vard economic  studies.)  $2. 

CRIPPLES.  McMurtrie,  Douglas  Crawford.  The 
care  of  crippled  children  in  the  United 
States;  a  study  of  the  distribution  of  insti- 
tutions and  work,  [etc.;]  with  a  bibliography 
of  material  relating  to  cripples  in  America; 
a  revision  of  an  article  in  the  American 
Journal  of  Orthopedic  Surgery,  May,  1912. 
N.  Y.,  [The  author.]  c.  2+3-33  P-  (3  P- 
bibl.)  8°,  50  c. 

DIPLOMACY.  Nijhoff,  Martinus.  Catalogue  de 
diplomatic  (manuels,  guides,  etc. — histoire, 
ambassades,  etc.)  La  Haye.  8°,  pap.  (No. 
394;  711  titles.) 


DIVINE  HEALING.  Weaver,  E.  E.  Mind  and 
health;  with  an  examination  of  some  sys- 
tems of  divine  healing;  with  an  introd.  by 
G.  Stanley  Hall.  N.  Y.,  Macmillan.  c.  15+ 
500  p.  (14  p.  bibl.)  12°,  $2. 

DRUGS.  Wilbert,  Martin  L,  comp.  Digest  of 
laws  and  regulations  in  force  in  the  United 
States  relating  to  the  possession,  use,  sale, 
and  manufacture  of  poisons  and  habit-form- 
ing drugs.  Wash.,  D.  C.,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  278+ 
5  p.  (5  P.  bibl.)  8°,  (U.  S.,  Treasury  Dept., 
Public  Health  Service,  Public  health  bull.) 
pap. 

DUTCH  LITERATURE.  Nijhoff,  Martinus.  Se- 
lected list  of  Dutch  books  recommended  for 
libraries.  The  Hague.  92  p.  12°,  pap. 

EAR.  Braun,  Alfr.,  and  Friesner,  Isidore.  The 
labyrinth;  an  aid  to  the  study  of  inflamma- 
tions of  the  internal  ear;  with  53  figures  in 
the  text  and  34  half-tones  on  32  plates.  N. 
Y.,  Rebman  Co.  c.  250  p.  (10  p.  bibl.)  il. 
4°.  $4- 

EDUCATION.  Clawson,  Cortez  Randolph.  Bib- 
liography of  education.  Alfred,  N.  Y.,  Al- 
fred Univ.  Lib.  51  p.  8°,  (Bull.)  pap.,  gratis. 

FINE  ARTS.  Maggs  Bros.  Books  on  art  and 
allied  subjects.  London.  8°,  pap.  (No.  305; 
1450  titles.) 

Rapilly,  Georges.  .Catalogue  de  livres 

d'art  anciens  et  modernes.  Paris.  8°,  pap. 
(No.  126;  903  titles.) 

FREEMASONRY.  Baer,  Jos.,  &  Co.  Freimau- 
rerei,  illuminaten,  rosenkreuzer,  tempelher- 
ren,  vehmgerichte  mit  einem  anhange  em- 
blemata.  Frankfurt  a.M.  8°,  pap.  (No.  609; 
504  titles.) 

GEOLOGY.  Nickles,  J.  M.  Bibliography  of 
North  American  geology  for  1911;  with 
subject  index.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off. 
162  p.  8°,  (U.  S.,  Dept.  of  the  Interior,  U.  S. 
Geological  Survey  bull.)  pap. 

GIPSIES.    Sotheran,  H.,  &  Co.    Catalogue  of  a 

collection  of  works  on  gipsy  lore,  etc.     8°, 

pap.     (No.  733;   1566  titles.) 
GOVERNMENT  DOCUMENTS.     Monthly  catalogue 

United  States  public  documents.     Wash.,  D. 

C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  8°,  pap.  (No.  217.) 

INCUNABULA.  Loescher  &  Co.  Incunables, 
manuscrits  et  livres  imprimes  avant  1525. 
Rome.  8°,  pap.  (No.  88;  184  titles.) 

INTERNATIONAL  CONCILIATION.  Hicks,  F:  C. 
Internationalism;  a  selected  list  of  books, 
pamphlets  and  periodicals.  N.  Y.,  Am. 
Assn.  for  Internat.  Conciliation.  30  p.  12°, 
pap. 

LAW.     Borchard,  Edn.  M.     The  bibliography 

of    international    law    and    continental    law. 

Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  93  p.  4°,  pap., 

15  c. 
LITERATURE.     Buck,  Philo  Melvyn,  jr.     Social 

forces  in  modern  literature.     Bost,  Ginn.  c. 

7+254  p.   (7  p.  bibl.)   12°,  $i. 


248 


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[April,  1913 


MAPS.  Lechner,  R.  Kartenwerke.  Wien. 
128  p.  8°,  pap. 

MARBLES.  Dale,  T:  Nelson.  The  commercial 
marbles  of  western  Vermont.  Wash.,  D.  C., 
Gov.  Pr.  Off.  170  p.  (6  p.  bibl.)  pis.  fold, 
maps,  diagrs.,  (part  fold.,  part  col.)  8°, 
(U.  S.}  Geological  Survey  bull.)  pap. 

MEDICINE.  Speyer  and  Peters.  Ad  historiam 
medicinse  plantse  officinales  curiosa.  .Berlin. 
12°,  pap.  (No.  27;  411  titles.) 

MINING.  Mining  World  (The}  index  of  cur- 
rent literature,  v.  i,  1912.  Chic.,  Mining 
World  Co.  317+31  P-  8°,  $2. 

MISSIONS.  Murray,  J.  Lovell.  A  selected 
bibliography  of  missionary  literature.  N.  Y., 
Student  Volunteer  Movement,  c.  '12.  40  p. 
8°,  25  c. 

MOBILE,  ALA.  Hamilton,  P.  Jos.  Mobile  of 
the  five  flags;  the  story  of  the  river  basin 
and  coast  about  Mobile  from  the  earliest 
times  to  the  present.  Mobile,  Ala.,  Gill  Pr. 
2+9-24+408  p.  (bibls.)  il.  pors.  col.  pis. 
maps,  12°,  $i. 

MUNICIPAL  GOVERNMENT.  Robbins,  Edn.  Clyde. 
Selected  articles  on  the  commission  plan  of 
municipal  government.  3d  and  enl.  ed.  Min- 
neapolis, Minn.,  H.  W.  Wilson  Co.  29+ 
180  p.  (15  p.  bibl.)  12°,  (Debaters'  hand- 
book ser.)  $i. 

Music.  Boerner,  C.  G.  Kostbare  musik- 
biicher.  Leipzig.  4°,  pap.  (No.  293;  624 
lots.) 

NATIONAL  PARKS.  United  States.  Dept.  of 
the  Interior.  List  of  National  Park  publi- 
cations. Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  27  p. 
map,  8°,  pap. 

PAINTERS  AND  PAINTINGS.  Crowe,  Jos.  Archer, 
and  Cavalcaselle,  Giovanni  Battista.  A  his- 
tory of  painting  in  north  Italy,  Venice, 
Padua,  Vicenza,  Verona,  Ferrara,  Milan, 
Friuli,  Brescia,  from  the  fourteenth  to  the 
sixteenth  century ;  ed.  by  Tancred  Boremius. 
In  3  v.  N.  Y.,  Scribner.  12+300;  10+458; 
11+581  p.  (27  p.  bibl.)  pis.  8°,  $18. 

PANAMA  CANAL.  Barrett,  J.  Panama  Canal; 
what  it  is;  what  it  means.  Wash.,'  D.  C., 
Pan  American  Union,  c.  1020  p.  (3  p.  bibl.) 
il.  maps,  8°,  $i. 

PATRIOTISM.  Riverside  (Cal.)  P.  L.  Bull,  Apl., 
'12.  Patriotism:  Memorial  Day,  Flag  Day, 
Fourth  of  July.  15  p.  12°,  pap. 

PETRARCA,  Francesco.  Cosenza,  Mario  Einilio. 
Francesco  Petrarca  and  the  revolution  of 
Cola  di  Rienzo.  Chic.,  Univ.  of  Chic.  c. 
14+330  P.  (5TA  P-  bibl.)  $1.50. 

PHILOLOGY.  Handschin,  C.  Hart.  The  teach- 
ing of  modern  languages  in  the  United 
States.  Pt.  IL,  Works  on  the  teaching  of 
modern  languages.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr. 
Off.  154  p.  8°,  (U.  S.  Bureau  of  Educ.  bull) 


PHILOSOPHY.  Lorentz,  Alfr.  Catalogue  of 
zeitschriften  and  das  ganze  gebiet  der  phil- 
osophic, etc.  Leipzig.  332  p.  4°,  bds. 

POETRY,  French.  Bithell,  Jethro,  comp.  Con- 
temporary French  poetry;  selected  and  tr. 
by  Jethro  Bithell.  N.  Y.,  P.  P.  Simmons, 
Ltd.  82+227  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  16°,  (Canterbury 
poets.)  40  c. 

PRINTS.  Weitenkampf,  Frank.  American 
graphic  art.  N.  Y.,  Holt,  '12.  382  p.  O.  $2.75. 
Contains  citations  of  literature  on  special 

topics. 

ST.  PATRICK.  Jersey  City  (N.  J.)  F.  P.  L. 
Saint  Patrick,  a  sketch  of  his  life;  with  a 
bibliography.  4  p.  4°,  pap. 

SKIN.  Bulkley,  Lucius  Duncan.  Diet  and  hy- 
giene in  diseases  of  the  skin.  N.  Y.,  P.  B. 
Hoeber.  c.  13+194  P-  (5  P-  bibl.)  8°,  $2. 

SMOKE  ABATEMENT.  Flagg,  S.  B.  Smoke 
abatement  and  city  smoke  ordinances.  2d 
ed.,  rev.,  [October,  1912.]  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov. 
Pr.  Off.  57  p.  (3  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (U.  S.,  Dept. 
o'f  the  Interior,  Bureau  of  Mines  bull.)  pap. 

SOCIAL  SERVICE. 
Bibliography  of  social  service.    Louise  Ste- 

vens Bryant.     Psychological  Clinic,  F.  15,  '13, 

VI.  :  263-268. 
This  bibliography  is  listed  under  the  follow- 

ing subheadings  :  Modern  social  service  move- 

ment,   General    references  —  32    titles  ;    Social 

aspects  of  school  work  —  28  titles;  Mental  de- 

fectives— 7   titles;    Eugenics,    Education   with 

reference   to   sex,   the   Social   evil—  16  titles; 

General  bibliographical  and  periodical  refer- 

ences —  23  titles. 

STORY  TELLING.  MacKenzie,  Isbel  Orr.  Clas- 
sified list  of  stories  for  story  telling;  pre- 
pared for  use  in  the  grades.  San  Jose,  Cal., 
Popp  &  Hogan.  c.  '12.  20  p.  8°,  25  c. 

VARNHAGEN,  RAHEL.  Key,  Ellen  Karolina 
Sofia.  Rahl  Varnhagen  ;  a  portrait  ;  tr.  from 
the  Swedish  by  Arth.  G.  Chater;  with  an 
introd.  by  Havelock  Ellis.  N.  Y.,  Putnam. 
c.  19+312  p.  (6  p.  bibl.)  por.  12°,  $1.50. 

WILSON,  Woodrow.  demons,  Harry.  An  es- 
say towards  a  bibliography  of  the  published 
writings  and  addresses  of  Woodrow  Wilson, 
1875-1910.  Princeton,  N.  J.,  Princeton  Univ. 
Lib.  4°,  pap.,  50  c. 

WOMAN  SUFFRAGE.  Phelps,  Edith  M.,  comp. 
Select  articles  on  woman  suffrage.  2d  and 
rev.  ed.  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  H.  W.  Wilson 
Co.  37+162  p.  (n  p.  bibl.)  12°,  (Debaters' 
handbook  ser.)  $i. 


Calenfcar 


Apr.  28-29.  Carnegie  L.  Atlanta,  Ga.,  Ga.'L.  A. 

May.  N.  Y.  L.  C 

Je.  23-28.    A.  L.  A.  annual  conference,  Hotel 

Kaaterskill,  N.  Y. 


GORE  HALL,   HARVARD,  IN   PROCESS  OF  DEMOLITION 
(Showing   independence   of   stacks   and   walls") 


RANDALL    HALL,  WHERE   35O,OOO  VOLUMES    FROM    HARVARD   LIBRARY   ARE   HOUSED 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


VOL.  38 


MAY,   1913 


No.  5 


THE  attendance  at  the  Kaaterskill  confer- 
ence bids  fair  to  make  a  record  year  in  the 
history  of  the  American  Library  Association, 
as  there  is  every  indication  that  the  accom- 
modations of  the  huge  hotel  will  be  fully  re- 
quired and  that  there  will  be  an  overflow  at 
the  Laurel  House,  to  and  from  which  free 
transportation  will  be  provided.  "Nothing 
succeeds  like  success,"  and  this  announcement 
is  likely  to  increase  the  attendance  still  fur- 
ther, but  the  travel  committee  are  confident 
that  they  can  provide  for  all  who  come.  The 
post-conference  excursion  offers  the  Hudson 
River  trip  and  the  journey  through  the  Adiron- 
dacks  at  very  reasonable  rates,  and  the  alter- 
natives for  those  who  have  visited  Lake  Placid 
and  those  who  have  yet  to  see  that  beautiful 
spot,  historic  in  library  annals,  have  been  ex- 
cellently worked  out.  The  conference  pro- 
gram as  outlined  gives  promise  of  informing 
and  inspiring  sessions  on  a  series  of  topics, 
some  of  which  have  the  merit  of  novelty  in 
the  field  of  library  discussion;  and  the  plan  of 
having  all  of  the  general  sessions  in  the  fore- 
noon will  work  out  to  the  great  delight  of 
those  who  wish  to  do  sightseeing  in  the  land 
of  Rip  Van  Winkle  rather  than  to  attend  the 
special  sessions  of  the  several  sections  or 
affiliated  organizations.  Altogether  the  con- 
ference of  1913,  in  the  forty-seventh  year  of 
the  organization,  promises  to  be  a  great  event, 
and  from  it  the  A.  L.  A.  will  look  forward 
to  the  San  Francisco  conference  of  1915  and 
the  semi-annual  conference,  which  will  natur- 
ally be  held  in  one  of  the  original  library 
centers  in  the  east,  with  increasing  enthusiasm. 

ONE  of  the  important  topics  for  the  con- 
ference will  be  the  development  of  business 
and  other  special  libraries,  which  are  in- 
creasing in  number  and  importance  even  be- 
yond the  knowledge  of  the  library  profession 
itself.  It  is  desired  to  make  a  more  adequate 
list  of  such  libraries,  which  are  almost  en- 
tirely of  private  organization,  than  has  yet 
been  found  possible,  and  librarians  are  re- 
quested to  make  inquiries  in  their  respective 
localities  and  to  send  to  this  office  or  to  the 


secretary  of  the  Special  Libraries  Association 
the  names  of  institutions  or  concerns  which 
have  developed  or  are  meaning  to  develop 
such  libraries,  with  the  names  of  the  libra- 
rians where  such  have  been  specially  ap- 
pointed. There  was  no  little  question,  when 
the  Special  Libraries  Association  was  under- 
taken, whether  such  an  organization,  com- 
posed necessarily  of  somewhat  incongruous 
elements — that  is,  of  libraries  differing  from 
each  other  in  scope — would  find  a  useful  field; 
but  though  the  meetings  of  the  association 
have  not  been  largely  attended,  it  has  had  a 
good  deal  of  effectiveness  in  developing  the 
idea  of  business  libraries  and  their  value  to 
commercial  concerns.  Only  about  a  hundred 
such,  outside  the  business  branches  of  public 
libraries,  have  so  far  been  listed,  but  there  are 
like  enough  a  hundred  in  New  York  and  vicin- 
ity alone,  while  in  many  small  manufacturing 
centers  the  local  librarian  will  be  able  to  re- 
port one  or  more,  perhaps  small  at  the  mo- 
ment, but  of  growing  importance.  It  should 
be  the  natural  development  from  the  traveling 
libraries  in  factories  that  great  business  con- 
cerns should  develop  libraries  of  their  own, 
partly  of  technical  works,  for  their  commercial 
use  and  for  the  instruction  of  their  employes, 
and  partly  of  books  of  a  more  popular  char- 
acter, in  line  with  welfare  work,  for  the 
recreation  of  their  employes.  The  correlation 
of  the  facts  regarding  business  and  special 
'libraries  will  be  a  strong  stimulus  toward 
their  extension  and  further  development. 

LIBRARY  literature  increases  almost  beyond 
the  practicable  possibilities  of  review,  and  this 
increase  is  especially  noticeable  in  bibliography. 
Mr.  H.  W.  Wilson  supplements  his  great 
United  States  Catalog  of  books  in  print  at 
the  end  of  1911  by  the  first  annual  catalog  in 
continuation  of  it;  and  also  he  is  sending  out 
the  first  issue  of  the  long-promised  index  to 
engineering  and  kindred  periodicals.  This  plan 
has  taken  a  wider  and  probably  more  practical 
and  useful  scope  than  was  originally  outlined, 
for  it  is  issued  as  an  index  to  industrial  arts 
periodicals,  which  covers  other  callings  as  well 


250 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


as  engineering,  and  which  will  be  of  very  great 
use  in  the  business  and  other  special  libraries 
which  are  so  rapidly  multiplying,  as  well  as  in 
the  public  libraries  of  more  general  scope. 
The  new  periodical  should  of  course  be  at  the 
information  desk  of  all  enterprising  libraries, 
particularly  those  in  manufacturing  centers. 
Mr.  Wilson  is  also  proposing  to  issue  a  new 
index  to  periodicals  not  previously  included 
in  the  "Readers'  guide,"  which  will  cover  to 
some  extent  the  field  of  Mr.  Faxon's  enter- 
prise. Of  this  latter,  the  volume  for  1912 
has  just  been  issued,  and  it  is  a  remarkable 
piece  of  work,  especially  in  view  of  the  varied 
demands  upon  its  editor.  Mr.  Faxon,  whether 
in  travel  or  at  rest,  is  indefatigable  in  the 
highest  degree,  and  this  annual  volume  includ- 
ing not  only  an  index  to  periodical  literature 
not  otherwise  indexed,  but  also  an  index  to 
dramas  and  dramatic  literature  of  the  year 
1912,  is  new  proof  of  his  capacity  of  literary 
digestion. 


As  the  greatest  of  our  cities,  New  York  has 
special  need  of  a  municipal  reference  library, 
and  the  start  made  by  Comptroller  Prender- 
gast  in  that  direction  is  very  promising.  There 
will  be  ample  provision  for  the  growth  of  the 
library  in  the  municipal  office  building  which 
is  to  be  occupied  in  the  fall,  and  the  comp- 
troller's plans  are  far-seeing  and  comprehen- 
sive. It  will  be  in  interesting  contrast  to  the 
old  city  library  in  the  City  Hall,  composed 
mostly  of  dead  documents  and  foreign  ex- 
changes, buried  under  the  dust  of  ages,  in 
which  for  a  time  the  poet  R.  H.  Stoddard 
officiated  as  librarian.  Brooklyn  has  already 
provided  a  municipal  reference  library  for  the 
borough,  in  the  sociological  division  of  the  old 
library  building  on  Montague  street,  near  the 
Borough  Hall,  and  thus  set  a  good  example 
to  Manhattan.  Ultimately  there  should  come 
about  a  municipal  reference  library,  centered 
in  Manhattan,  with  associated  libraries  in  the 
several  boroughs;  and  these  should  really  be 
not  separate  libraries,  but  under  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  public  library  system  of  the 
respective  boroughs  and  in  interborough  asso- 
ciation with  each  other.  It  would  in  fact  be 
an  administrative  waste  to  start  an  independent 
municipal  library  system  when  the  advantages 
of  the  administration  of  the  great  library  sys- 
tems of  the  metropolis  are  at  the  service  of 
the  city. 


THE  Exposition  of  the  Book  at  Leipzig  in 
1914  assumes  more  importance  as  more  infor- 
mation as  to  its  scope  reaches  us.  It  is  to  be 
regretted  that  American  book  publishers  have 
not  the  international  spirit  to  cooperate  in 
placing  there  an  exhibit  of  American  books 
which  would  compare  with  the  representative 
library  exhibit  at  St.  Louis  in  1904.  Without 
the  cooperation  of  the  publishers,  the  A.  L.  A. 
can  scarcely  be  expected  to  provide  a  book 
exhibit,  but  it  is  important  and  desirable,  at 
least,  that  library  methods,  catalogs  and  ap- 
pliances should  be  fully  shown.  The  com- 
mittee on  international  relations,  of  which  the 
Librarian  of  Congress  is  chairman,  will  report 
at  the  Kaaterskill  conference  in  favor  of  mak- 
ing such  an  exhibit,  which  though  not  impor- 
tant for  American  purposes,  will  be  fruitful 
in  the  larger  interests  of  library  progress 
abroad.  An  American  committee  has  been  or- 
ganized, covering  sixteen  department  groups, 
with  Mr.  J.  C.  Dana  as  representative  of  the 
libraries,  and  the  A.  L.  A.  conference  will 
probably  be  asked  to  appoint  a  special  com- 
mittee on  which  Mr.  Dana  may  well  be  linked 
between  the  A.  L.  A.  and  the  general  com- 
mittee. Dr.  Schwenke  and  others  have  given 
assurances  that  the  exposition  is  no  specula- 
tion, but  will  be  of  international  importance 
and  under  governmental  auspices,  and  although 
it  is  not  to  be  expected  that  the  United  States 
Government  will  provide,  as  other  nations  are 
providing  for  a  national  building  or  indeed 
furnish  funds  for  a  national  exhibit,  it  will  be 
a  shame  if  America  is  not  fairly  if  not  fully 
represented.  It  is  to  be  hoped  further  that 
the  committee,  in  charge  of  the  next  meeting 
of  the  International  Library  Association, 
which  does  not  seem  to  have  planned  a,  meeting 
for  1913,  will  make  arrangements  for  a  meet- 
ing at  Leipzig  in  1914,  not  only  in  view  of  the 
exposition,  but  of  the  general  fact  that  Leipzig 
is  one  of  the  most  important  book  centers,  if 
not  the  most  important,  on  the  continent.  It 
was  provided  at  the  last  international  con- 
gress at  Brussels  that  a  conference  should  be 
held  not  later  than  three  years  thereafter,  and 
certainly  there  should  be  a  meeting  not  later 
than  1914.  Such  a  meeting  should  give  Amer- 
ican librarians  opportunity  to  study  German 
and  Continental  libraries  and  library  methods, 
and  should  attract  the  largest  delegation  from 
American  library  interests  that  has  yet  visited 
the  continent. 


May,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


251 


"WHAT    THE    PUBLIC    WANTS."* 


BY  CORINNE  BACON,  Director  Dre.vel 

I  AM  not  going  to  talk  to  you  this  morning 
about  Arnold  Bennett's  half  cynical,  wholly 
truthful  play,  "What  the  public  wants."  I 
have  borrowed  Mr.  Bennett's  title  because  it 
met  my  need. 

The  same  public  who,  in  the  play,  eagerly 
read  Charles  Worden's  sensational  papers — the 
"million  unfit"  readers,  who,  as  Mr.  Cutter  told 
us  years  ago,  are  crowding  our  libraries,  in- 
stead of  the  one  fit  reader  who  used  to  be  our 
client — are  asking  us  for  underdone  literature, 
for  lumps  of  undigested  or  predigested  infor- 
mation, for  literary  sensations  of  all  sorts. 

We  are  trying  to  get  these  people  to  come 
to  our  libraries  and  to  meet  some,  at  least, 
of  their  needs.  And  when  we  succeed  we  feel 
happy,  and  believe  we  have  done  a  big  thing. 
We  are  trying  to  do  a  big  thing — to  become 
the  continuation  school  not  only  for  the  de- 
scendants of  Gov.  Bradford  and  Elder  Brew- 
ster,  but  for  the  children  of  more  recent  im- 
migrants who  are  making,  to  a  great  extent, 
the  America  of  to-morrow.  Are  we  working 
wisely  toward  this  end,  or  is  our  zeal  some- 
times not  according  to  knowledge? 

What  is  our  American  ideal?  That  Eng- 
lishman who  deceived  the  astute  Mr.  Bryan 
with  his  "Letters  of  a  Chinese  official,"  G. 
Lowes  Dickinson,  has  told  us  that  the  end 
which  we  Americans  set  before  ourselves  is 
not  wealth,  nor  yet  power,  but  acceleration. 
"To  be  always  moving,  and  always  moving 
faster,  that  they  think  is  the  beatific  life;  and 
with  happy  detachment  from  philosophy  and 
speculation,  they  nre  not  troubled  by  the  ques- 
tion, Whither?  If  they  are  asked  by  Euro- 
peans, as  they  sometimes  are,  what  is  the 
point  of  going  so  fast,  their  only  feeling  is 
one  of  genuine  astonishment.  Why,  they  re- 
ply, you  go  fast!  And  what  more  can  be 
said?" 

What  is  our  library  ideal?  Is  it  not  com- 
ing to  be  this  so-called  American  ideal  of 
acceleration?  The  bigger  the  circulation,  the 
broader  the  librarian's  smile;  the  more  ques- 
tions answered,  the  more  useful  the  library  to 
the  tax-payers! 

To   get  the  big  circulation,  to   become   an 

*  Address  at  the  Atlantic  City  meeting  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Library  Club  and  the  New  Jersey  Library 
Association,  March  i,  1913. 


Institute  Library  School,  Philadelphia 

animated  question-box,  we  must  either  give 
the  public  exactly  what  it  wants  or  create  a 
demand  for  what  we  wish  to  give. 

We  are  teaching  people  to  demand : 
Long  hours  of  opening. 
Quick  service. 
New  books — especially  new  novels — and  plenty 

of  them. 
Answers  to  all  sorts  of  questions. 

Our  new  ideal  of  service  is  finer  than  that 
of  our  forebears,  but  how  are  we  working  it 
out? 

It  is  well  to  perfect  our  machinery,  but 
when  we've  gotten  scientific  management,  sup- 
pose we  stop  long  enough  to  take  breath  and 
ask  ourselves  what  we  are  doing  with  it? 
It's  all  right  to  travel  sixty  miles  an  hour  in 
a  train  de  luxe;  but,  after  all,  the  destination 
of  the  train  is  the  passenger's  main  concern. 
In  other  words,  well-ordered  activity  is  not 
enough.  Ends  must  be  considered. 

You  have  put  the  best  celluloid  guide  cards 
in  your  catalog?  Good.  You  have  decided, 
after  hours  of  prayerful  reflection,  instead  of 
putting  the  reference  in  your  catalog,  "Social 
science,  see  Sociology,"  that  it  will  puzzle  the 
reader  less  if  phrased  as  follows,  "Social 
science:  For  books  on  this  subject,  look  un- 
der the  word  Sociology."  Good.  You  have 
eliminated  two  unnecessary  motions  in  charg- 
ing a  book,  which  is  a  saving  of  two  seconds 
to  each  reader?  Good.  Your  assistants  are 
never  idle?  They  all  have  some  —  "busy 
work,"  I  believe  the  kindergarteners  call  it — 
they  are  pasting  things  on  other  things,  or 
labeling  things,  or  counting  things.  Admir- 
able, no  doubt. 

And  your  statistics  present  a  solid  front. 
You  can  tell  how  many  sociological  works 
were  read  last  month  (though  not  always 
how  many  of  them  were  fairy  tales  and  books 
on  how  to  behave  in  polite  society),  and  how 
many  books  on  fine  arts  were  drawn,  even  if 
no  statement  is  made  as  to  what  proportion 
of  these  cultural  works  dealt  with  billiards  or 
poker.  Admirable.  It  looks  well  in  a  library 
report  and  pleases  the  taxpayer. 

But — to  what  are  those  guide  cards  and 
references  guiding  the  reader?  What  will 
he  find  under  "Sociology"  when  he  gets  there? 


252 


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[May,  1913 


Suppose  he  needs  help  in  selecting  his  book — 
can  your  busy  assistant  give  it?  She  never 
has  time  to  examine  the  insides  of  books! 
Is  the  increased  speed  in  charging  costing  too 
much  in  nervous  energy?  What  do  your  sta- 
tistics mean,  anyhow?  They  don't  tell  you 
whether  the  man  read  the  book,  or,  if  he  did, 
whether  he  got  anything  out  of  it.  , 

Suppose  we  examine  the  four  leading  de- 
mands that  we  have  taught  people  to  make  of 
our  libraries. 

(1)  Long   hours  of  opening.     It   seems   a 
legitimate   demand   that  the   library  be   open 
seven  days  in  the  week  for  as  many  hours  as 
possible.     If  the  library  is  an  "uplift"  insti- 
tution, working  for  social  betterment,  as  many 
librarians  say  it  is,  why  close  its   doors   on 
the  one  day  in  the  week  when  the  man  who 
needs  it  has  time  to  be  uplifted?    The  factor 
finally    determining   the   hours    must    be    the 
amount  of  money  which  can  be  put  into  sala- 
ries.    I   believe   in   a  4O-hour   week   for  the 
average  public  library  assistant,  and  also  that 
every    assistant    should    have    36    continuous 
hours  off  duty  each  week.     If  she  works  on 
Sunday,   she   should   have  her  long   rest   on 
some  other  day.     This  is  necessary  for  effi- 
ciency.    So  long  hours  and  Sunday  opening 
are  possible  or  impossible,  according  to  one's 
budget. 

(2)  Quick  service.     This  means  the  mini- 
mum of  red  tape.     It  means   delivering  any 
book  from  any  branch  in  the  system  to  the 
reader  at  the  point  most  convenient  for  him. 
It    means    healthy    and    intelligent    assistants. 
It,  again,  is   a  legitimate   demand,   the   satis- 
faction  of   which  depends  on  economic  conr 
siderations.     More   efficient   loan-desk   assist- 
ants are  worth  more  money,  and  interbranch 
delivery  of  books  is  costly. 

(3)  New  books  and  plenty  of  them.     The 
librarian   is   as  anxious   to  buy  them   as  the 
reader  is  anxious  to  have  them,  because  they 
increase  the  circulation. 

Now,  what  does  a  large  circulation  mean? 
A  book  to-day  may  be,  but  need  not  be,  the 
"precious  lifeblood  of  a  master  spirit."  "Some 
books  are  simply  soiled  paper,  others  are 
books,  others  are  literature."  This  is  an  age 
of  cheap  literature  in  two  senses  of  the  word. 
Dooley  was  right  about  a  large  proportion  of 
books  when  he  said :  "The  truth  is  that  readin' 
is  the  next  thing  this  side  iv  goin'  to  bed 
for  restin'  the  mind.  .  .  A  man  doesn't  think 
whin  he's  readin',  or,  if  he  has  to,  the  book 


is  no  fun!  Believe  me,  Hinnissy,  readin'  is 
not  thinkin'.  It  seems  like  it,  and  whin  it 
conies  out  in  talk  sometimes,  it  sounds  like 
it.  It's  a  kind  of  nearthought  that  looks 
geniooyne  to  the  thoughtless." 

Mr.  Dana  and  the  Dial,  as  you  all  know, 
have  recently  had  a  lively  bout  over  the 
"great  books  superstition,"  and  the  honors 
seem  about  equally  divided.  I  hope  I  do  not 
misrepresent  Mr.  Dana  in  saying  that  he 
seems  to  think  that  if  a  man  does  not  care 
for  Marcus  Aurelius,  it  is  well  for  him  to 
read  about  Mutt  and  Jeff.  I  would  go  further 
on  the  highway  of  heresy  and  ask  why  it  is 
necessarily  a  good  thing  for  him  to  read  at 
all?  Is  there  anything  sacrosanct  about  print? 
Why  is  it  a  virtue  to  read?  It  takes  more 
intelligence  to  make  a  dress,  to  cook  and 
serve  a  dinner  which  is  both  nourishing  and 
appetizing,  or  to  make  a  piece  of  ants  and 
crafts  furniture,  than  it  does  to  read  many 
a  book.  Would  not  some  of  us  be  more 
genuine,  more  original,  if  we  dealt  more  with 
first-hand  things  than  with  second-hand 
thoughts?  At  the  best,  books  are  but  a  sub- 
stitute for  life.  Who  wants  to  read  Kipling's 
or  even  Masefield's  sea  poems  when  he  can 
go  to  sea  and  feel  the  might  of  the  waves 
and  watch  their  wonderful  shifting  blues  and 
greens,  and  feel  the  sting  of  the  salt  spray? 
Isn't  it  laziness  that  makes  us  read  Lanier's 
"Sunrise,"  instead  ot  getting  up  to  see  the 
real  thing?  And  don't  we  miss  a  lot?  The 
point  I  am  trying  to  make  is  that  the  substi- 
tution of  books  for  life  is  not  necessarily 
worth  while,  and  that  the  time  we  spend  in 
reading  is  lost  to  living. 

Some  folks,  like  Mr.  Harold  E.  Gorst,  be- 
lieve that  books  stifle  thought.  He  argues 
that  the  mind  cannot  work  at  all  "if  it  be 
systematically  choked  up  with  facts  and  with 
the  ideas  and  opinions  of  others,"  and  that 
"books  are  therefore  absolutely  dangerous  to 
healthy  mental  development."  "Let  no  man, 
therefore,  be  proud  of  the  number  of  books 
that  he  has  read.  He  should  rather  be 
ashamed  of  having  had  such  liberal  recourse, 
not  to  his  own  thinking  powers,  but  to  the 
opinions  and  reflections  of  other  people.  Is 
it  more  noble  to  quote  Herbert  Spencer  or 
Emerson  than  to  quote  yourself?"  Which 
should  prevent  me,  I  suppose,  from  quoting 
Mr.  Gorst.  But,  then,  my  mind  has  been 
weakened  by  years  of  association  with  books ! 

The  circulation  of  many  books,  then,  may 


May, 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


253 


encourage  second-hand  living  and  second- 
hand thinking.  It  also  emphasizes  unduly  the 
new  book.  No  business  man  could  afford  to 
carry  the  dead  stock  that  we  librarians  carry. 
Some  of  this  dead  stock  we  should  get  rid 
of ;  more  of  it  we  could  get  used  if  we  really 
tried  to.  Suppose  we  didn't  buy  some  of  the 
new  books  that  are  not  worth  while,  and  put 
the  money  into  fine  editions  of  some  books 
tested  by  time,  and  boomed  these  latter.  Our 
libraries  wouldn't  circulate  so  many  books, 
but  what  about  results?  Suppose  we  lost 
thirty  "Through  the  postern  gate"  readers, 
and  gained  three  Anna  Karenina  readers — 
would  the  world  be  the  worse  for  it? 

As  for  a  large  circulation  of  children's 
books,  sometimes  one  feels  happy  over  it  and 
thinks  how  the  taste  of  the  rising  generation 
is  being  formed.  And  then,  all  of  a  sudden, 
comes  the  thought — what  right  have  we  to 
tempt  with  more  books  these  children  who 
already  spend  too  many  hours  a  day  over 
books  in  unsanitary  schoolrooms,  and  who, 
when  not  in  school,  are  in  moving-picture 
shows?  They  need  the  open  air.  They  need 
a  place  to  play  in,  also.  It  is  probably  far 
more  important  to-day  for  us  to  see  that  the 
moving-picture  show  is  what  it  should  be 
than  for  us  to  put  in  time  discussing  the 
exact  effect  of  Alger  or  Optic.  The  movies 
are  ahead  of  us  in  drawing  power. 

Before  dismissing  the  question  of  circula- 
tion, I  want  to  speak  briefly  of  two  classes 
of  books  in  special  demand — new  novels  and 
books  on  sex  hygiene. 

No  public  library  can  afford  to  buy  all  the 
novels  people  want.  Yet  it  should  suppply 
much  good  fiction.  Novels  have  both  a  pleas- 
ure value  and  a  social  value.  Many  people 
who  to-day  are  thinking  on  social  problems 
are  doing  it  to  a  great  extent  because  of  the 
novels  they  have  read.  Novels  help  us  to 
understand  and  sympathize  with  people  whose 
ideals  differ  from  ours.  They  are  broaden- 
ing. But  if  they  simply  provided  mental  rec- 
reation that  would  be  a  sufficient  reason  for 
the  library  to  supply  them.  We  can  meet 
fairly  well  the  legitimate  demand  for  worth- 
while fiction  through  the  pay  duplicate  col- 
lection. 

Libraries  have  taken  a  conservative  stand 
with  regard  to  books  on  social  purity  and  sex 
hygiene.  We  have  not  restricted  books  cal- 
culated to  arouse  the  military  spirit,  though 


many  of  us  believe  that  war  is  an  evil;  nor 
have  we  restricted  books  pandering  to  the 
worst  forms  of  race  prejudice,  though  the 
race  problem  is  one  of  the  most  serious  that 
confronts  the  American  nation  to-day;  we 
have  restricted  books  giving  clean,  scientific, 
much-needed  information,  free  from  senti- 
mental twaddle,  on  sex.  Why?  Boys  and 
girls,  whose  legitimate  questions  are  un- 
answered at  home  or  at  school,  need  these 
books.  Parents  and  teachers  need  them.  It 
is  to  be  hoped  that  now,  when  everybody  else 
is  waking  up  to  the  horrors  wrought  by 
silence  and  misinformation,  we  librarians  be 
not  the  last  to  open  our  eyes  and  see  what 
we  ought  to  do.  The  American  Vigilance 
Association  has  done  a  good  thing  in  sending 
us  lists  of  the  books  that  should  be  on  our 
shelves. 

(4)  Answering  questions.  The  fourth  de- 
mand we  are  teaching  the  public  to  make 
upon  us  is  that  all  of  its  many  questions  be 
answerable  at  the  library.  This  brings  us  to 
the  use  and  abuse  of  reference  work. 

It  is  possible  to  divide  the  askers  of  ques- 
tions roughly  into  two  groups:  the  pessimists, 
who  expect  nothing  of  the  reference  librarian, 
and  the  optimists,  who  expect  everything. 
Some  of  the  latter  seem  to  expect  not  only 
to  have  the  cup  of  knowledge  filled  for  them 
and  held  to  their  lips  while  they  quench  their 
thirst,  but  want  to  be  patted  on  the  back  while 
they  swallow.  Both  pessimists  and  optimists 
may  be  subdivided  into  three  groups: 

(a)  Those  who  don't  know  what  they  want, 
and  say  so. 

(b)  Those  who  say  they  know  what  they 
want,  and  don't. 

(c)  Those  who  know  what  they  want,  and 
won't  tell. 

And  the  questions  that  they  ask  us,  and  that 
we  try  to  answer !  I  wonder  how  much  time 
we  should  spend  in  answering  some  of  them? 
It  seems  hardly  worth  while,  for  instance,  to 
spend  much  time  in  finding  out  whether  Kip- 
ling threw  the  Recessional  into  the  waste- 
basket  and  Mrs.  Kipling  fished  it  out,  whether 
the  Princess  Eno  nursed  her  baby,  whether 
Abraham  Lincoln  ever  said  anything  about 
shade  trees,  or  whether  the  United  States 
navy  has  used  live  animals  as  targets !  The 
woman  who  asked  for  an  easy  prayer  in  verse 
for  a  feeble-minded  child,  and  the  young 
foreigner  who  wanted  a  book  telling  how  to 


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[May,  1913 


write  a  love  letter,  or  "anything  as'll  help  a 
feller  win  the  girl  he  loves,"  would  be  helped 
most  effectually  by  an  assistant  capable  of 
writing  exactly  what  they  wanted.  I  wonder 
whether  some  of  the  "almost-folk,"  as  La- 
nier  calls  them,  in  literature,  who  can't  get 
their  books  printed,  won't  have  regular  sala- 
ried positions  in  the  library  of  the  future 
and  write  such  poems,  prayers,  sermons  and 
essays  as  people  may  wish  for!  Many  ques- 
tions can't  be  answered  from  books.  This, 
for  instance:  Does  woman,  by  engaging  in 
man's  occupations  and  by  acquiring  his  habits, 
lessen  her  chances  of  matrimony?  Yet  I  fear 
that  the  person  who  asked  it  was  disappoint- 
ed when  told  she  could  get  the  most  direct 
and  authoritative  information  by  asking  the 
men  she  knew! 

Seriously,  where  shall  we  draw  the  line? 
We  have  been  told  by  an  authority  in  matters 
bibliothecal  that  the  general  canons  to  be 
laid  down  depended  on  the  claim  of  the  sub- 
ject matter,  the  claim  of  the  inquirer  and  the 
possibility  of  success.  Surely;  but  this  pushes 
the  difficulty  further  back.  We  cannot  always 
gauge  the  possibility  of  success,  and  it  is  often 
difficult  to  decide  on  the  importance  of  the 
subject  matter. 

A  type  of  question  I  think  we  all  agree  that 
we  should  put  the  minimum  of  time  on,  if 
any,  is  the  puzzle  competition.  The  pamph- 
lets of  titles  gotten  out  for  the  book  title 
competitions,  now  such  favorites,  sometimes 
advise  the  competitor  to  ask  help  from  her 
librarian,  who  will  gladly  give  it!  But  noth- 
ing in  any  library  will  help  determine  whether 
the  prize-giver  intends  a  picture  of  three  men 
going  to  sea  to  represent  "Three  men  in  a 
boat"  or  "Outward  bound"! 

Our  two  most  serious  problems  are  the 
school  children  and  the  clubwomen.  There 
are  four  ways  in  which  library  time  is  wasted 
by  school  children: 

(i)  By  looking  up  a  subject  for  a  child, 
who  takes  out  the  best  material  on  it,  and 
then  hunting  for  more  material  for  another 
child  and  for  still  others  who  straggle  along 
later.  If  we  could  but  get  the  teacher  to 
notify  us  in  advance  when  material  was 
wanted  by  a  class,  we  could  get  the  resources 
of  the  library  on  that  subject  together  in  our 
least  hurried  moments  and  reserve  it  for  the 
whole  class.  Cooperation  between  teacher  and 
librarian  would  solve  this  difficulty,  but  in 


some  places  the  teacher  still  seems  unwilling 
to  cooperate. 

(2)  By  looking  up  things  that  shouldn't  be 
looked  up,   and   that   oftentimes  the  teacher 
never   intended   should  be  looked  up   in  the 
library;  as,  for  instance,  a  Description  of  the 
park  in  our  town;  Gareth's  experiences  in  the 
kitchen;  Old  Roman  speeches  to  help  a  boy 
make  a  speech  that  Cassius  might  have  made 
at  Caesar's  funeral! 

(3)  By    looking    up    subjects    beyond    the 
child's  grasp,  subjects  that  he  is  incapable  of 
dealing  with  properly,  such  as:  Reasons  why 
the   republic   will   endure;   Which   has   influ- 
enced the  world  more  deeply,  man  or  woman? 
What  is  mind,  where  is  mind,  when  is  mind? 
We  must  put  some  time  on  questions  of  this 
sort,  because  the  child  is  not  to  blame  for  the 
teacher's  lack  of  judgment,  and  if  we  refuse 
all  help  we  alienate  the  child  from  the  library, 
which  we  have  no  desire  to  do.    It  seems  as 
if   there  was  no   remedy  for  this  particular 
waste  of  time,  except  to  pay  better  salaries  in 
the   lower  school   grades,   and   so   to   attract 
better-equipped  teachers. 

(4)  By  looking  up  things  that  it  is  legiti- 
mate to   look  up,  but  that  the  child   should 
ferret   out   for   himself.     This   is   known   as 
"original  research"  on  the  part  of  the  child. 
Mentally,  it  is  on  a  par  with  learning  by  rote, 
of    late   much    condemned.      I    am   not    sure 
whether  learning  by  rote  was  not  the  more 
valuable  of  the  two;  at  least  it  trained  the 
memory,  which  was  not  a  bad  thing,  whereas 
"original  research,"  as  often  conducted,  seems 
to  me  to  train  no  faculty.    A  busy  reference 
librarian  has  no  time  in  her  rush  hours  to 
teach   the  use   of   books.     She  is   forced   to 
find  the  material  herself  and  set  it  before  the 
child,  who  copies  as  little  as  he  thinks  will 
satisfy  teacher's  thirst  for  information.     Of 
course,  some  good  is  done  by  the  child's  find- 
ing out  that  there  is  a  library,  and  if  he  goes 
there  to  please  his  teacher  he  may   see  the 
Jungle  book  or  something  else  worth  while, 
lake  it  away  with  him,  and  so  get  some  real 
good  from  his  visit.     But  ought  we  not  all 
to  try  harder  than  we  have  as  yet  to  get  les- 
sons en  the  use  of  books  incorporated  in  the 
school  course?     To  know  how  to  use  books 
as  tools  means  so  very  much — is  of  so  much 
more  importance  to  the  child  than  the  acqui- 
sition of  any  given  facts. 

Our    other    serious    problem    is    the    club- 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


255 


woman.  Do  not  misunderstand  me.  I  am 
not  utteihig  a  general  indictment  of  women's 
clubs.  They  have  done  much  for  social  and 
civic  impro\eme?it.  It  is  only  necessary  to 
instance  the  help  that  some  of  the  clubs  of 
the  middle  west  have  been  to  Caroline  Bart- 
lett  Crane  in  her  valuable  sanitary  surveys. 
So  far  as  the  clubs  arc  studying  problems  of 
education,  of  the  child,  of  sanitation,  etc., 
they  deserve  all  the  help  we  can  give  them. 
And  when  they  are  seriously  studying  topics 
in  history,  literature  and  art  that  are  within 
their  grasp,  we  should  not  grudge  our  help. 
We  should,  of  course,  help  those  whose  reach 
decidedly  exceeds  their  grasp,  but  we  should 
not  spend  so  much  time  on  them.  It  isn't 
fair  to  the  others.  We  must  learn  to  distin- 
guish between  the  worth-while  woman,  writing 
on  a  worth-while  subject,  and  the  Xingu  type. 
(See  Mrs.  Wharton's  story  in  Scribner's  for 
December,  1911.) 

Another  way  in  which  many*  of  us  waste 
library  time  is  by  writing  letters  for  people 
who  are  perfectly  capable  of  writing  for 
themselves,  and  who  should  simply  be  told 
where  to  write  to  secure  the  desired  informa- 
tion. 

Still  another  is  by  trying  to  answer  every 
question  that  seems  worth  while,  even  though 
some  other  library  could  answer  it  more 
quickly  and  more  fully.  None  of  us  is  om- 
niscient— not  even  the  youngest — as  Dr.  Jow- 
ett  once  said,  and  it  should  not  be  a  matter 
of  personal  pride  with  us  to  answer  every 
question. 

To  sum  up:  The  long  hours  and  the  quick 
service  that  the  public  wants  it  should  have, 
if  it  votes  us  a  big  enough  appropriation  to 


make  it  possible ;  but  as  reading  is  not  a  good 
in  itself,  we  have  a  right  to  pick  and  choose 
our  books,  and  need  not  lie  awake  o'  nights 
if  everyone  in  town  hasn't  a  library  card; 
and  as  a  day  is  but  twenty-four  hours  long, 
and  libraries  are  not  yet  open  continuously, 
we  haven't  time  to  tell  everyone  everything 
he  wants  to  know,  and  we  must  discriminate 
in  answering  questions. 

And  in  considering  what  the  public  wants, 
let  us  remember  that  it  is  more  or  less  in 
our  power  to  create  a  demand. 

Let  us  remember,  too,  the  "one  fit"  reader 
— the  herbivorous  reader  of  whom  Dr.  Croth- 
ers  speaks,  that  "quiet,  ruminating  creature 
who  likes  to  browse  in  a  library."  He  is  one 
of  the  public,  too,  and  these  are  the  days  of 
minority  representation.  He  wants  what  is 
worth  while,  and  he  often  wants  to  keep  it  a 
long  while.  In  our  rush  for  new  readers  and 
our  fondness  for  statistics,  let  us  not  forget 
him. 

Sometimes,  when  we  have  been  shoveling 
second-rate  novels  over  the  counter  of  a 
Saturday  night,  in  as  mad  haste  as  the  stoker 
on  an  ocean  grayhound  shovels  coal,  we  won- 
der when  the  rush  is  over  whether  the  library 
is  a  cultural  institution  or  on  a  par  with  the 
movies — perhaps  less  educational  than  many 
a  good  moving-picture  show.  Then  we  re- 
member the  one  fit  reader  and  take  courage, 
remembering,  too,  how  many  thousands  of 
years  it  took  to  evolve  man  from  the  brute, 
how  near  the  brute  some  still  are,  and  won- 
dering wearily,  but  hopefully,  how  many  eons 
it  will  take  to  evolve  a  generation  of  fit  read- 
ers and  of  fit  librarians,  since  we,  too,  are 
but  a  part  of  the  public  we  try  to  serve. 


ACCESSION   RECORDS    ECONOMIZED   AND   SYSTEMATIZED 
BY  HENRY  E.  BLISS,  Librarian  at  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York 


No  thorough  discussion  of  accession  rec- 
ords, in  the  light  of  modern  library  econ- 
omy, has  yet  appeared  in  print.  Some  good 
material  was  indeed  gathered  and  set  forth 
in  the  report  of  the  A.  L.  A.  Committee  on 
Administration  (Miss  Bacon,  chairman)  at 
the  conference  of  1908;  but  that  earnesMn- 
vestigation  should  have  been  followed  by  an 
earnest  discussion  of  the  facts  arrayed  and 
the  opinions  quoted,  so  plainly  presenting  an 


argument  against  the  standard  accession  book. 
It  is  not  the  purpose  of  the  present  article  to 
supply  that  needed  discussion,  but  rather  to 
invite  it,  and  to  offer  a  further  contribution 
toward  the  solution  of  the  unsettled  problem. 
It  is  hoped  that  the  present  committee  will 
do  much  to  show  what  progress  has  been  made 
by  libraries  in  improving  methods  of  acces- 
sion records,  and  that  they  will  make  some 
further  recommendations. 


256 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


From  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  the  stan- 
dard accession  book  by  a  committee  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  in  1876,  when  some  discussions  by 
Mr.  Dewey,  Mr.  Winsor  and  others  were 
printed,  there  was  almost  nothing  published  on 
the  subject  in  this  country  until  1903,  when,  in 
March,  the  accession  book  was  chosen  for  dis- 
cussion at  a  meeting  of  the  New  York  Library 
Club,  and  Mr.  Weitenkampf  read  a  very  inter- 
esting paper.  At  the  same  meeting,  the  present 
writer  proposed  a  system  combining  order, 
accession  and  shelf-list  entries  on  one  card. 
In  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  for  the  following 
October  was  published  a  concise  account  of 
the  system  proposed,  with  a  brief  argument 
against  the  accession  book.  I  desire  to  re- 
peat the  acknowledgment  then  made  that  Mr. 
Willard  Austin  had  previously  outlined  a 
good  scheme  to  which  mine  was  in  part  sim- 
ilar.* He  had  gone  a  step  farther  than  Mr. 
Winsor  and  others  who  had  placed  some  ac- 
cession records  on  the  shelf-lists,  and  he  pro- 
posed to  employ  the  order  slips  as  shelf-list 
cards,  and  in  the  interim  between  accessioning 
and  cataloging  to  keep  these  alphabetically 
as  a  catalog  of  new  books.  Instead  of  mere- 
ly transferring  the  records,  he  proposed  to 
transfer  the  cards.  But  he  would  have  kept 
the  accession  book,  and  did  not  provide  for 
classified  statistics,  nor  explicitly  and  ade- 
quately for  continuations.  In  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL  for  December,  1903,  Mr.  Hall  de- 
scribed his  interesting  classified  accession 
book,  which  serves  chiefly  the  creditable  pur- 
pose of  furnishing  classified  statistics  up  to 
date,  and  the  next  month's  issue  contained 
some  comparisons  between  the  two  schemes. 
These  and  other  substitutes  have  been  put 
into  use,  but  have  not  been  described  in  print 
in  such  manner  as  to  involve  discussion  of 
the  general  question. 

How  would  our  systems  of  accession  rec- 
ords stand  the  scrutiny  of  "scientific  manage- 
ment"? Do  the  majoritv  of  librarians  main- 
tain the  accession  book  in  mere  conservatism? 
It  appears  that  many  who  yet  keep  it  doubt 
its  value,  and  some  are  positive  in  declaring 
against  it.  Do  the  library  schools  impress 
upon  the  plastic  minds  of  students  that  it  is 
standard,  even  while  they  discuss  the  more 
economical  methods  of  certain  libraries  ?  "The 
library  primer"  has  prescribed  it  presumably 

*L.  J.,  1895,  v.  20,  p.  49. 


for  all  sorts  of  public  libraries  of  small  or 
moderate  size.  But  the  A.  L.  A.  "Manual 
of  library  economy"  gives  two  pages  to  this 
complex  subject,  with  admirable  conciseness 
describing  three  methods,  the  last  of  which 
is  a  system  of  cards  filed  successively  as  order 
and  as  accession  records.  This  seems  like 
progress  toward  an  economical  solution. 

An  increasing  number  of  librarians  are  dis- 
continuing the  accession  book.  First  was  Mr. 
Winsor,  of  Harvard,  who  wrote  that,  after 
ten  years  experience  with  it,  he  could  say 
that  it  was  never  asked  for  information  that 
could  not  better  have  been  placed  on  the 
shelf  lists.*  Mr.  C.  A.  Cutter  disapproved 
of  it  and  never  used  it  at  Northampton,  but 
substituted  a  file  of  bills.  It  was  Mr.  Dana, 
I  think,  who  discarded  it  at  Springfield,  and 
it  is  not  used  at  Newark.  Even  Mr.  Dewey, 
although  still  considering  the  accession  book 
a  necessary  evil,  strongly  advocated  a  "con- 
densed book."  "We  find  this  a  great  improve- 
ment, and  nothing  could  induce  us  to  go  back 
to  the  bulky  volume."t  Some  of  the  argu- 
ments which  he  brings  up  in  defense  of  the 
principle  of  the  accession  book  are,  I  think, 
open  to  criticism.  I  concur,  however,  with 
his  condemnation  of  files  of  bills  as  records — 
"they  are  so  carelessly  made  out."  Invoices 
are  so  inexact  and  sometimes  so  misleading 
that  they  seem  hardly  fit  to  enter  into  a  sys- 
tem of  correct  and  orderly  records.  It  is  not 
uncommon  for  them  to  omit  the  authors' 
names,  and  they  frequently  lack  the  proper 
designations  of  the  volumes  or  parts ;  their 
lacks  must  be  supplied;  and,  moreover,  they 
are  inconvenient  to  file  and  to  handle. 

The  largest  libraries  soonest  find  the  book 
unnecessary  and  uneconomical;  university  li- 
braries, I  think,  soonest  find  it  inadequate  and 
unadaptable.  Several  libraries,  says  the  re- 
port, replied  that  the  time  of  one  assistant 
had  been  saved  by  discontinuing  the  book. 
Some  of  the  quotations  in  the  report,  coming 
from  librarians  of  high  standing,  are  so  ear- 
nest and  so  positive  that  they  are  well  worth 
repeating.  "The  accession  book  is  complete 
foolishness,"  wrote  Mr.  W.  P.  Cutter,  then 
of  the  Forbes  Library.  Mr.  Wellman,  of 
Springfield,  Mass.,  summed  up  the  matter 
thus:  "When  we  did  keep  an  accession  book, 

*  L.  J.,  v.  3,  p.  247. 

t  Public  Libraries,  June,    1904.    P.    2*1. 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


257 


cost  was  the  only  item  of  value,  except  very 
occasionally  the  source  from  which  purchased. 
.  .  .  The  information  is  kept  in  a  much  more 
accessible  place,  and  is  recorded  with  far  less 
labor."  The  librarian  of  the  Brookline,  Mass., 
Library  says:  "We  found  that  we  never  re- 
ferred to  our  old  accession  book  except  to 
find  the  cost  of  a  book,  and  we  finally  decided 
that  in  the  case  of  lost  books  to  be  paid  for, 
it  was  more  to  the  point  to  find  the  present 
price  than  the  original  cost." 

The  arguments  in  favor  of  the  accession 
book  have  never  seemed  to  be  very  strong, 
and  they  prove  to  be  no  more  practical.  "It 
is  the  library's  chief  record,  and  should  con- 
tain a  complete  history  of  every  volume  on 
its  shelves,"  reads  the  Library  Primer,  "a  life 
history  of  every  book  in  the  library.  It  forms 
such  a  record  as  any  businesslike  person 
would  wish  to  have  of  property  entrusted  to 
his  care."  Others  have  described  it  as  "a 
chronological  history  of  the  growth  of  the 
collection,"  "the  quickest  and  surest  way  of 
getting  statistics,"  "indispensable  for  insur- 
ance," "the  accession  number  a  check  on  the 
charging  system,"  etc.  But  is  not  the  shelf 
list  the  library's  chief  record,  from  which  the 
inventory  is  taken?  This  is  especially  true 
where  the  shelf  list  furnishes  a  classified 
statement  of  resources  and  increase.  And  is 
the  book  so  much  safer  than  the  cards  that 
its  cost  is  justified?  What  does  the  question 
of  safety  and  integrity  of  records  imply? 
The  possibility  of  books  being  stolen  and  the 
cards  recording  them  abstracted  at  the  same 
time?  But  losses  would  not  be  discovered 
through  the  accession  books,  not  unless  their 
hundred  thousand  titles  were  searched.  After 
being  accessioned  and  marked  with  a  perfo- 
rator, a  library's  books  are  not  likely  to  be 
purloined  by  one  who  has  access  to  the  rec- 
ords. Dishonesty  of  that  rare  variety  is  more 
likely  to  act  before  the  books  are  accessioned. 
Is  there  any  experience  along  this  line  that 
may  be  judiciously  discussed?  If  a  book  is 
lost,  strayed  or  stolen,  it  is  usually  the  shelf 
list  that  discovers  the  fact;  and  the  shelf  list 
is  the  most  convenient  place  to  record  the 
accession  data.  As  regards  insurance,  I  should 
like  to  learn  of  any  library  whose  loss  by  fire 
was  adjusted  by  the  accession  books. 

Statistics,  indeed,  a  meager  and  imperfect 
kind  of  statistics,  are  those  furnished  by  ac- 
cession numbers,  even  when  carefully  assigned 


and  all  parts  and  pamphlets  and  all  with- 
drawals properly  recorded.  As.  regards  their 
accuracy,  here  is  a  passage  from  the  New 
York  State  Library's  report  for  1907  (p.  7-8)  : 
"An  examination  of  these  various  volumes  of 
the  accessions  record  reveals  the  fact  that 
there  are  18,715  numbers  either  left  blank  or 
for  which  the  books  have  been  withdrawn.  .  . 
A  cursory  investigation  made  during  the  pre- 
vious year  revealed  the  fact  that  there  were 
inconsistencies  in  the  accession  record,  and 
cast  doubt  on  the  accuracy  of  the  figures  that 
had  been  printed  from  year  to  year  in  the 
annual  reports"  (p.  6).  As  to  the  statistics 
being  "ever  ready,"  I  quote  from  a  letter 
written  in  1905  by  the  instructor  in  the  Wis- 
consin Free  Library  Commission,  in  reference 
to  a  certain  form  for  tabulated  statistics  re- 
quired: "I  am  so  glad  that  you  appreciate  the 
accession  record,  because  it  is  a  great  success 
throughout  our  state  and  Minnesota.  .  .  I 
find,  also,  that  the  libraries  which  use  these 
forms  make  the  annual  report  which  we  re- 
quire without  difficulty.  Those  who  use  the 
old  methods  are  obliged  to  take  several  days 
for  any  sort  of  a  business  statement  on  their 
libraries." 

As  furnishing  a  list  of  recent  accessions 
for  bulletin  or  other  purposes,  is  the  accession 
book  necessary,  or  does  it  pay?  Material  for 
the  bulletins  may  be  obtained  from  the  cata- 
log cards  before  they  are  filed.  For  other 
purposes,  the  filed  invoices  (unsatisfactory 
though  they  be)  may  be  consulted.  But  is  a 
complete  list  of  all  recent  accessions  asked 
for  even  once  in  a  decade?  Is  it  worth  what 
it  costs  in  the  accession  book?  And  does  not 
this  stricture  apply  likewise  to  the  chrono- 
logical history  notion?  As  a  check  upon  the 
charging  system,  the  accession  number  may 
indeed  once  in  a  while  prove  of  value ;  but  is 
that  feature  worth  "the  time  of  one  assist- 
ant"? I  wish  someone  would  point  out  the 
ways  in  which  accession  numbers  are  helpful 
enough  to  pay  for  their  keeping. 

If  the  arguments  for  the  accession  book 
appear  weak,  the  arguments  against  it  are 
not  lacking  in  strength.  It  duplicates  data 
that  are  essential  to  order  records  and  to 
shelf  list;  it  repeats  the  entry  of  each  volume 
of  a  set  or  series,  except  that  when  acces- 
sioned at  one  time  these  may  be  dittoed;  the 
records  for  sets  or  continuations  are  dis- 
persed, and  therefore  must  be  duplicated  on 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


GA 


K4.1- 


From  Stechert 
ReC'd  Apl2'll 
Cost  $12.60 

Passd  API  9  'ii 

Fund  Steers 

Bound 


Wlthdr'n 
or  lost 


Kerner  von  Marilaun 
Natural  History  of  Plants 

Tr.  &  ed.  by  Oliver 

New  York,    Holt 

Year  ™*-s  *  vols.  size  *• 

Binding  cloth 

Price  $14-  net 

Recommended  by  Prof  •  Botany 

Remarks:  Dept.  of  Natural  History  Library 

Approved 

Not  In  Library 
Not  ordered 


FIG.  i 


order  cards,  then  in  accession  book,  and  fin- 
ally on  shelf  list.  Pamphlets  it  usually  does 
not  provide  for  until  they  are  bound.  It  suf- 
fices for  only  10,000  volumes,  and  for  a 
million  there  must  be  a  hundred  accession 
books. 

Harvard,  Yale,  Columbia  University,  New- 
ark, Springfield,  and  many  other  public  libra- 
ries place  their  accession  records  on  their 
shelf  lists;  Washington,  D.  C.,  Forbes  Library 
and  others  file  their  order  cards  and  their 
invoices  numbered  for  these  records;  three 
Massachusetts  public  libraries,  many  in  Wis- 
consin and  Minnesota,  and  doubtless  others, 
keep  classified  statistics,  recorded  monthly,  or, 
in  a  few  cases,  more  often. 

Is  it  not  feasible  to  combine  these  several 
advantages  in  one  system  of  unified  records? 
This  is  what  was  proposed  in  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL  in  1903.  As  described  then  inade- 
quately, the  scheme  was  untried,  and  it  pre- 
sented two  objectionable  features,  which  were 
not  inevitable  and  have  since  been  remedied. 
A  brief  description  of  this  system,  as  now 
simplified,  made  more  adaptable,  and  proved 
satisfactory,  may  again  be  of  interest. 

The  three  chief  characteristics  of  the  sys- 
tem are:  (i)  order  and  accession  records  and 
shelf  list  combined  on  one  card;  (2)  a  com- 
plete and  concise  register  for  continuations; 
(3)  classified  statistics  tabulated  for  as  many 


classes  and  as  often  as  desired.  For  these 
three  purposes,  three  or  four  ruled  and  print- 
ed cards  are  needed:  (i)  the  "Shelf -list  rec- 
ord" card,  of  standard  size,  to  be  placed  suc- 
cessively in  files  of  "Recommended,"  "Or- 
dered," "Accessioned,"  "Shelf-listed,"  or  in 
others,  if  desired,  according  to  the  records 
added  before  filing.  When  filed  permanent- 
ly, these  cards  form  the  shelf  list,  which 
therefore  contains  the  complete  records. 
This  comes  nearer  to  deserving  the  term 
"life  history  of  the  book"  than  what  the 
accession  book  records.  The  completed  stage 
of  the  card  is  exemplified  in  Figure  i. 
(2)  "The  continuation  card"  (Figure  2), 
of  the  same  standard  size,  is  adaptable  to 
the  several  different  kinds  of  continuations, 
periodicals,  serials  of  irregular  issue,  year- 
books, catalogs,  bulletins,  reports,  transactions, 
incomplete  sets,  German  Handbiicher,  and 
other  complex  or  serial  publications,  the  col- 
umns being  of  nearly  equal  width,  and  the 
column  headings  to  be  written  as  required, 
or  stamped  with  rubber  stamp.  Three  or  four 
forms,  however,  might  be  printed,  which 
would  fit  most  cases.  (3)  "The  tally  card" 
(Figure  3)  should  be  larger  (ours  is  8  x  5 
inches).  Of  these,  the  number  required  would 
depend  upon  the  number  of  divisions  for 
which  the  statistics  are  wanted.  In  the  li- 
brary at  the  College  of  the  City  of  New 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


259 


W7    American  Philological  Assn.  Transactions 
A5.5-       Agent,  Stechert.        Fund  Grosvenor. 


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Year 

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FIG.  2 


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HK                     Broun.     Klassen  des  Tierreichs 
B8.1-                     Agent,  Stechert.                   pynd    Holbrook. 

Bd.3 

Rec'd 

Cost 

Passd 

Bound 

Cost 

Bd.s 

Supp.  Rec'd 

Cost 

Passd 

Bound 

Cost 

Lief. 
95-97 

'09  Ja  20 

•  -99 

Mr  18 

Lief. 
81-83 

'  09  My  19 

$   .99 

98-101 

44  Jy  29  [ 

2.31 

O  19 

84-85 

'10  F  II  ^ 

1.81 

F  II 

102-104 

..  „  jj  ) 

86-87 

,  ..  ,  j 

'                             ' 

Fm. 

2h 

D        Astronomy        Forward  356         Pamphlets         Forward  239 

Ja 

Fe 

Mr 

~ 

My 

Je 

Jy 

Ag 

S 

O 

N 

D 

Extra 

Ad'ed 

Wthd'n 

Inc. 

Total 

Year 

Ad'ed 

Wthd'n 

Inc. 

Total 

3 

2 

— 



6 

9 

14 

# 

37 

# 

35 

391 

1906 

# 

* 

27 

266 

•  t 

i 

4 

.1 

3 

16 

6 

38 

32 

423 

1907 

10 

276 

8 

4 

I 

i 

24 

3 

8 

II 

68 

65 

488 

1908 

13 

289 

• 

1 

i 

3 

I 

19 

26 

20 

508 

1909 

14 

303 

FIG.  3 
(Reduced  from  8x5  inches) 

*  In  these  columns  tally  marks  may  be  used.    See  p.  262. 


260 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


B 


Transfer-Table:  Increase  of  Divisions 


1911-20 


Divisions 

i< 

>u 

19 

12 

'9 

13 

19 

14 

19 

IS 

19 

16 

19 

i? 

19 

18 

»9 

'9 

19 

»o 

of  Class  B 

Bd. 

Pam. 

Bx-Bg 

B-BA 

BB 

BC-BD 

I 

FIG.  4 
(Reduced  from  8x5  inches) 


Summary  of  Classes                                   1911-15 

19x1 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

Bound 

Pamph. 

Bound 

Pamph. 

Bound 

Pamph. 

Bound 

Pamph. 

Bound 

Pai 
Inc. 

nph. 
Total 

Class 

Inc. 

Total 

Inc. 

Total 

Inc. 

Total 

Inc^  Total 

Inc. 

Total 

Inc. 

Total 

Inc. 

Total 

Inc. 

Total 

Inc. 

Total 

r 

] 

1 

! 

<» 

.educe 

J 

d  fr 

'1C.  5 

om  8 

x5 

inche 

0 

York  we  have  at  present  84,  but  expect  to 
increase  the  number  to  about  100  in  the 
course  of  a  year  or  two;  there  are  25  for 
main  classes,  32  for  important  divisions,  18 
for  groups  of  divisions,  and  9  for  such  spe- 
cial registers  as  "Unclassified,"  "Given," 
"Lost,"  etc.  Where  there  are  more  than  two 
tally  cards  for  divisions  in  any  one  class,  the 
figures  for  the  increase  are  transferred  to 
the  "transfer-table"  for  the  class  (Figure  4), 
the  card  being  the  same  size  and  filed  just 
behind  its  tally  cards.  Of  these  transfer- 
tables,  we  use  12,  ruled  and  lettered  by  hand, 
to  last  ten  years.  The  transfer-tables  are  for 
adding  up  the  year's  increase  in  the  divisions 
to  get  the  increase  in  the  class.  They  show 
only  the  increase,  as  the  total  number  of  vol- 
umes in  the  divisions  is  shown  on  the  tally 
cards,  and  for  the  classes  is  shown  on  the 
"Summary  card"  (Figure  5).  On  two  cards 
ruled  thus  by  hand  we  tabulate  from  the  tally 
cards  and  the  transfer-tables  the  increase  and 
the  totals  for  the  classes  for  five  years.  With 


a  decimal  classification,  one  card  would  suffice 
for  this,  perhaps  even  for  ten  years.    . 

The  working  of  the  system  is  simpler  than 
its  description  reads,  and  seems  very  satis- 
factory. Books  are  recommended  on  blank 
forms  furnished,  or  on  lists.  From  these  or 
from  other  lists  or  memoranda,  from  book 
lists,  reviews,  citations,  etc.,  the  record  cards 
are  made  out  in  their  first  stage  and  filed  in  a 
tray  labeled  "Recommended."  When  the 
books  are  to  be  ordered,  the  cards  are  either 
taken  from  this  tray  or  else  made  out  then 
for  the  first  time.  If  it  is  determined  from 
what  fund  they  are  to  be  purchased,  the 
name  of  this  is  stamped,  the  date,  and  the 
name  of  the  dealer;  if  for  a  branch  or  de- 
partmental library,  the  name  of  this.  If  the 
fund  is  determined  later,  that  item  is  stamped 
when  the  bill  is  checked  or  audited  for  pay- 
ment. If  desired,  the  date  of  this  last  fact 
may  be  recorded  on  the  cards.  When  the 
orders  are  made  up,  there  may  be  two  carbon 
copies  of  each  order,  one  to  be  filed  under 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


26l 


the  name  of  the  dealer  and  the  other  under 
the  name  of  the  fund.  This  last  is  useful 
in  checking  up  accounts  of  appropriations  to 
departments  or  for  special  purposes.  When 
the  books  are  received,  the  cards  correspond- 
ing are  taken  from  the  file  "Ordered"  and 
stamped  with  the  date.  The  bill  is  then 
checked  off,  and,  at  the  same  time,  the  prices 
are  recorded  on  the  cards,  and  any  other  ac- 
cession records  that  may  seem  of  use.  The 
cards  are  then  filed  alphabetically  as  "Acces- 
sioned." 

Some  of  these  cards  may  be  for  incomplete 
sets.  If  only  one  or  two  volumes  are  to  fol- 
low, the  essential  memoranda  may  be  put  on 
supplementary  cards  of  the  same  form  filed 
temporarily  either  with  the  "Ordered"  or  be- 
hind a  guide  card,  "Incomplete  sets,"  in  the 
same  tray.  But  if  more  than  two  volumes 
are  to  follow,  one  of  the  "continuation  cards" 
is  to  be  prepared  and  filed  with  the  others  for 
incomplete  sets.  We  have  three  files,  distin- 
guished as  "Incomplete  sets,"  "Continuations," 
and  "Periodicals,"  the  last  two  being  together 
in  a  separate  tray.  The  incomplete  sets  we 
look  through  monthly,  the  "continuations" 
once  a  year,  and  the  periodicals  when  we 
record  the  auditing  or  payment  of  the  bills 
for  these.  The  "continuations"  are  mostly 
reports,  transactions,  other  society  publica- 
tions, those  of  institutions,  states,  cities,  etc., 
mostly  gratis.  The  publications  of  the  United 
States  government  we  record  in  a  separate 
tray.  The  three  trays  are  kept  in  the  shelf- 
list  cabinet. 

When  a  set  is  completed  or  discontinued, 
the  continuation  card  is  filed  just  behind  the 
shelf-list  card,  to  which  it  is  complementary. 
The  continuation  card  for  complex  publica- 
tions registers  the  accession  data  for  all  their 
parts,  and  the  tangles  of  the  German  heraus- 
geber  are  reduced  to  a  clear  and  accurate 
record.  Lacking  parts  are  plainly  indicated. 
The  total  cost  may  easily  be  found  there,  and 
duplication  of  payment  is  avoided.  Book- 
keeping, moreover,  is  simplified  by  this  sys- 
tem, without  much  dependence  upon  files  of 
bills,  and  ledger  accounts  may  be  kept  without 
itemizing.  Statements  of  account  may  be 
checked  up  by  date  from  the  ledger  debits 
and  credits ;  and  the  items  of  a  duplicate  bill, 
when  the  original  has  been  lost,  may  be 
checked  up  from  the  cards  filed.  Ordinarily, 


the  bills  are  checked  up  from  the  alphabetical 
file  "Accessioned"  when  they  are  audited  for 
payment. 

While  the  recent  accessions  remain  unclass- 
ified and  uncataloged,  the  alphabetical  file 
"Accessioned"  is  a  special  convenience  of  the 
system.  If  unclassified  statistics  suffice,  the 
accessions  may  be  counted  from  the  cards  at 
the  time  of  accession  and  recorded,  or  they 
may  be  counted  from  the  file  "Accessioned" 
at  regular  periods — monthly,  weekly  or  even 
daily;  or  the  number  may  be  registered  auto- 
matically by  a  Bates  numbering  machine.  But 
if  classified  statistics  are  required,  the  prob- 
lem is  not  quite  so  simple.  A  library  should 
be  able  to  report  at  least  once  a  year  the 
number  of  volumes  and  pamphlets  in  the  main 
classes,  as  well  as  in  the  entire  library.  We 
should  be  prepared,  moreover,  to  answer  the 
occasional  question,  How  many  books  are 
there  in  the  library  now?  Last  year's  figures 
might  not  be  satisfactory,  but  last  month's 
would  doubtless  be  a  close  enough  approxi- 
mation. It  does  not  seem  worth  while,  how- 
ever, to  keep  a  book  for  tabulating  classified 
statistics  right  up  to  date  and  serving  no  other 
use.  Then  such  books  could  conveniently 
tabulate  only  for  a  dozen  or  a  score  of  classes, 
and  that  would  hardly  suffice,  especially  for  a 
college  or  university  library,  where  classified 
statistics  for  a  larger  number  of  classes  are 
of  value  in  relation  to  the  apportionment  of 
funds  and  to  the  claims  of  the  several  de- 
partments of  instruction. 

A  classified  record  of  accessions,  though 
not  essential  to  the  system  described  here,  is 
a  very  serviceable  complement  to  it,  which 
may  be  applied  where  desired  and  may  be 
adapted  to  the  size  of  the  library,  to  the 
classification,  and  to  the  organization  of 
branches,  departments  and  services.  For  this 
purpose,  the  shelf-list  cards  of  recent  acces- 
sions are  to  be  taken  from  the  file  "Acces- 
sioned," counted  in  classes  corresponding  to 
the  tally  cards,  and  the  figures  tabulated.  This 
tabulation  may  be  monthly,  semi-monthly, 
weekly,  semi-weekly,  or  at  irregular  times,  as 
seems  necessary  or  convenient,  and  the  tally 
cards  adapted  accordingly.  If  monthly,  tally 
cards  printed  like  ours  would  last  twenty  years  ; 
if  weekly,  four  or  five  years  ;  if  daily,  one  year. 
It  is  not  likely  that  accessions  would  need  to 
be  tecorded  in  any  class  more  than  twenty 


262 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


days  in  the  month.  The  month-designations 
at  the  heads  of  the  columns  might  be  omitted 
and  the  figures  entered  in  close  sequence, 
whether  weekly  or  at  irregular  intervals,  till 
the  end  of  the  year,  and  when  the  card  is  in 
several  jears  filled,  another  might  be  supplied. 
But  for  most  libraries,  tabulation  weekly,  or 
even  once  or  twice  a  month,  would  seem  often 
enough.  When  we  find  tabulation  twice  a 
month  necessary,  we  have  no  difficulty  in  find- 
ing place  for  the  figures,  though  our  cards 
are  ruled  for  monthly  tabulation.  The  record 
of  pamphlets,  in  classes  where  they  are  few, 
is  kept  by  the  goodly  ancient  method  of 
strokes  crossed  for  groups  of  five.  In  classes 
\vhere  they  are  many,  they  have  separate 
tally  cards  like  the  bound  volumes.  It  thus 
appears  that  the  tally  part  of  the  system  is 
sufficiently  elastic.  Continuations  that  are 
bound  may  be  included  in  the  count  by  trans- 
ferring their  cards  to  the  file  "Accessioned" 
till  they  are  counted;  then  they  are  to  be  re- 
turned to  their  proper  file.  Bound  United 
States  documents  we  count,  as  we  accession 
them,  monthly.  Pamphlet  continuations  we 
count  only  once  a  year,  from  the  file,  then 
classify  them  and  add  the  figures  to  the  tally 
cards.  This  might  be  done  monthly,  if  it 
seemed  worth  the  time.  Gifts  we  count  and 
record  monthly,  but  without  classifying  them. 

Keeping  the  cards  in  the  file  "Accessioned" 
till  they  are  counted  need  not  delay  the  classi- 
fying, shelf-listing  and  cataloging  of  the 
books.  On  the  other  hand,  recording  classi- 
fied statistics  weekly  or  oftener  necessitates 
keeping  up  with  the  classifying,  though,  of 
course,  a  residue  might  be  carried  to  the  next 
week.  That  is,  a  record  of  classified  statistics 
must,  strictly  speaking,  be  a  record  of  books 
classified  rather  than  of  books  merely  acces- 
sioned. This  is  one  reason  why  I  prefer  to 
tabulate  monthly.  If  possible,  all  the  books 
accessioned  during  the  month  are  also  classi- 
fied during  the  month,  or  at  least  recorded  so. 

Of  course,  classifying,  shelf-listing  and  cata- 
loging are  usually  done  at  nearly  the  same 
time.  Monthly  tabulation  would  detain  the 
shelf-listed  cards  in  the  file  "Accessioned," 
and  in  shelf-listing  other  books  it  might  some- 
times be  necessary  to  look  into  two  places 
before  assigning  the  book  numbers.  This  ob- 
jection obtains  theoretically,  but  practically  it 
applies  to  but  a  small  minority  of  cases.  The 
shelf-lister  easily  remembers  in  most  cases 


whether  a  book  of  similar  subject  and  name 
has  been  shelf-listed  recently.  If  there  is 
doubt,  the  place  is  turned  to  easily.  Once  in 
a  while  a  number  is  duplicated  or  is  incon- 
sistent, but  it  may  usually  be  altered  by  mere- 
ly adding  a  figure  on  the  several  cards  and 
labels.  Where  accessions  are  too  numerous, 
or  where  memory  is  not  to  be  trusted,  look- 
ing in  two  trays  would  take  less  time  than 
writing  duplicate  records  in  accession  books. 

A  library  with  a  large  number  of  accessions 
in  any  month  might  find  it  preferable  to  keep 
a  separate  file  "Classified"  or  "Shelf-listed," 
and  to  count  the  cards  from  that  monthly  or 
oftener.  In  this  guide  cards  for  the  main 
classes  might  facilitate  second  reference  where 
needed  in  shelf-listing  other  books.  Condi- 
tions in  a  library  would  determine  which 
method  were  more  convenient  and  satisfac- 
tory; but  in  neither  is  the  shelf -listing  and 
use  of  the  books  delayed.  Any  slight  incon- 
venience arising  from  this  register  of  classi- 
fied statistics  should  be  more  than  compen- 
sated by  the  convenience  of  having  the  sta- 
tistics. Such  cannot  be  obtained  by  any 
method  without  tabulations  and  additions. 

The  "shelf-list"  card  may  at  first  sight  seem 
rather  crowded,  but  when  the  form  has  be- 
come familiar,  the  eye  falls  directly  on  the 
required  datum.  The  standard  card  seems 
large  enough.  The  edition  and  the  binding 
need  not  be  stated  unless  special.  Other  data 
appear  only  occasionally.  When  the  books 
are  rebound,  the  dates  and  cost  may  be  re- 
corded, if  desired.  When  lost  or  withdrawn, 
the  fact  may  be  recorded,  and  the  card  trans- 
ferred to  a  separate  file  with  appropriate  label. 

When  many  copies  of  a  book  are  to  be  ac- 
cessioned at  the  same  time,  one  card  suffices, 
showing  how  many  copies  there  are  in  the 
lot.  The  distinctive  book  numbers  which  we 
assign  to  the  several  copies  (LIBRARY  JOUR- 
NAL, December,  1910,  p.  545)  may  be  indicated 
in  the  upper  corner  of  the  card.  If  the  copies 
are  to  be  distributed  to  branches  or  depart- 
ments, appropriate  records  may  be  kept  on 
one  of  the  "continuation"  forms,  using  the 
first  column  for  book  numbers  and  the  second 
column  for  some  symbol  for  the  branch.  For 
branch  libraries  and  departmental  libraries, 
this  system  is  adaptable  where  others  are  in- 
adequate. Would  any  librarian  accession 
ninety  copies  for  eighteen  branches  in  ninety 
lines  of  an  accession  book,  or  in  eighteen 


May,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


263 


books?  The  proposition  seems  absurd.  But 
how  could  a  file  of  bills  be  made  to  answer 
the  purpose?  There  is  a  tendency  not  only 
for  university,  but  also  for  city  libraries,  to 
centralize  classifying,  cataloging  and  shelf- 
listing,  as  well  as  order  and  accession  records. 
The  Brooklyn  Public  Library  has  for  years 
used  a  "union  shelf  list"  on  cards,  on  which 
are  recorded  the  book  numbers  for  the 
branches.  Separate  shelf  lists  would,  of 
course,  be  required  in  the  branches  for  refer- 
ence or  for  inventory,  but  usually  not  so  in 
university  departmental  libraries,  unless  these 
are  at  a  distance. 

This  system  has  proved  simple  and  eco- 
nomical for  a  college  library  of  60,000  vol- 
umes. I  can  see  no  reason  why  it  should  not 
prove  so  for  other  libraries,  but  I  should  be 
thankful  to  any  librarian  who  does  see  ob- 
jections, if  he  would  point  them  out  Un- 
necessary repetitions  in  written  records  are 
eliminated  here.  The  records  are  placed 
where  they  are  most  convenient  to  consult. 


The  cards  are  more  correct  and  more  easily 
handled  than  files  of  bills.  Here  is  an  accu- 
rate and  almost  automatic  register  of  all 
kinds  of  continuations.  Here  are  kept  for 
frequent  and  convenient  revision  not  only  all 
orders  not  yet  filled,  but  all  lacking  parts  and 
incomplete  sets.  This  guards  against  duplica- 
tion of  orders,  and  also  of  payments.  The 
several  transition  files  readily  account  for  all 
books  from  the  time  they  are  ordered  till 
they  are  shelf-listed  and  shelved  and  cata- 
loged. This  system  develops  the  shelf  list 
into  an  official  catalog  bearing  the  combined 
records,  which  may  be  safeguarded  as  well 
as  accession  books  can  be,  and  is  no  more 
likely  to  be  destroyed.  It  may  also,  as  a  com- 
plementary feature,  tabulate  accession  statis- 
tics of  as  many  classes  as  may  be  desired, 
and  as  often  as  desired,  and  furnish  thus  a 
conspectus  of  the  growth  of  the  collection. 
Here,  in  brief,  is  a  unified,  complete  and 
adaptable  system  of  simplified  and  economized 
accession  records. 


LIBRARY   REPORTS   FROM   A    FRIVOLOUS    POINT   OF  VIEW 
BY  KATHARINE   TWINING  MOODY,  Reference  Librarian,  St.  Louis  Public  Library 


DURING  the  preparation  of  an  index  to 
library  reports,  now  being  published  by  the 
A.  L.  A.,  many  interesting  points  were  un- 
earthed that  could  not  be  put  in  the  form  of 
a  conventional  index.  Some  of  the  more  un- 
usual ones  are  noted  here. 

In  recognition  of  a  popular  faith  in  the 
limitations  of  official  publications,  a  certain 
librarian  has  made  apology  in  this  fashion: 
"The  writer  of  a  Tub.  Doc.'  has  not  much 
opportunity  for  a  display  of  either  originality 
or  individuality,  and  there  is  nothing  of  either 
in  this  report."  His  narrative  of  the  follow- 
ing year  was  interrupted  by  a  series  of  aster- 
isks, and  later  he  added  this  truly  original 
and,  we  may  say,  individual  explanation  :  "At 
this  point  something  happened  to  me  not  illus- 
trated in  the  text.  I  felt  as  if  fired  out  of 
a  columbiad  against  a  brick  wall,  and  that  it 

was  more  necessary  to  get  away  from  T 

for  a  short  time  than  anything  else."  A  third 
report  records  the  death  of  this  man — a  libra- 
rian of  evident  cheerful  humor. 

By  silent  common  consent,  library  reports 
have  unjustly  been  deemed  no  joking  matter; 
yet  for  downright  jolly  reading,  an  exception 
has  been  conceded  in  the  case  of  the  docu- 
ments of  Los  Angeles. 


Daily  problems  we  choose  to  consider  seri- 
ously, but  the  past  we  may  enjoy  from  the 
viewpoint  of  an  antiquarian,  and  from  such 
a  point  of  advantage  the  library  report  be- 
comes an  object  of  considerable  interest.  The 
other  man's  ways  are  curious — the  subject 
matter  is  at  times  unexpected,  not  to  say  ex- 
traordinary. 

Peace,  leisure  and  quiet  mark  the  early 
literary  output  of  American  libraries,  attri- 
butes well  accommodating  themselves  to  our 
own  preconceived  notions  of  library  life  in 
that  period  of  its  development,  qualities  which 
arouse  an  occasional  bit  of  regret  that  we 
may  not  go  back  for  a  time.  In  those  days, 
when  the  library  was  the  haunt  of  literary 
men,  created  by  and  as  a  rule  for  them,  we 
find  Washington  Irving  serving  as  trustee,  and 
Henry  Wadsworth  Longfellow  filling  the  office 
of  librarian. 

The  long  moral  platitudes  in  reports  of  the 
time,  if  they  unduly  pall  upon  us,  no  doubt 
served  to  convict  the  early  public  of  its  fool- 
ish error — a  want  of  faith  in  free  libraries. 
The  modern  librarian  could  not  voice  these 
sentiments  with  the  necessary  simplicity  and 
ingenuousness,  however  much  he  might  desire 
to  do  so,  and  a  modern  trustee  would  rarely 


264 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


have  the  temerity  to  supplicate  his  audience 
of  men  fast  approaching  their  allotted  term 
of  life  to  remember  the  library  in  their  sev- 
eral wills. 

For  some  reason,  it  would  appear,  trustees 
no  longer  are  inspired  to  qualify  in  terms  of 
eulogy  the  services  of  librarians ;  we  may  not 
believe  that  the  race  of  talented,  highly  en- 
dowed, zealous,  learned,  popular,  esteemed, 
gracious,  invaluable  and  worthy  librarians  has 
died  out. 

The  librarian  to-day  perceives  that  he  must 
be  up  to  date  and  picturesque  in  his  treatment 
of  all  matters  pertaining  to  his  profession. 
Perhaps  he  is  afraid  of  being  called  a  bro- 
mide, or,  as  someone  has  defined  a  bore,  a 
man  who  amplifies  the  obvious.  We  doubtless 
live  too  near  our  modern  reports  to  enjoy 
their  peculiarities  as  posterity  may. 

The  early  New  Bedford  reports  are  typical 
examples  of  the  tendency  to  elaborate  the 
ethical  advantages  of  libraries,  and  one  of 
them  may  possibly  legitimately  claim  the 
longest  sentence  on  record.  As  an  example 
of  the  possibilities  of  the  English  clause,  not 
to  mention  the  conclusive  proof  that  the  li- 
brary idea  may  stir  the  soul  to  flowery 
heights  embodied  therein,  it  is  worthy  of 
repetition  here. 

"Then  shall  it  be  the  boast  of  our  city,  that 
it  has  within  its  borders,  established  by  the 
people  and  by  the  people  cherished  and  sus- 
tained, free  to  all  as  the  schools  and  the  high- 
ways are  free,  attractive  to  all  by  its  conco- 
mitants of  architectural  fitness  and  beauty, 
convenient  for  all  by  arrangements  of  careful 
and  comprehensive  adaptation,  and  accessible 
to  all  from  its  central  and  prominent  position, 
an  institution,  established  and  dedicated  and 
sustained  for  the  high  and  noble  purpose  of 
informing,  elevating  and  refining  the  minds 
of  the  people,  giving  to  those  whom  the  pub- 
lic schools  can-  no  longer  retain,  educational 
facilities  calculated  to  stimulate  and  satisfy 
the  never-dying  thirst  after  knowledge  which 
claims  the  companionship  of  every  rightly  di- 
rected mind;  winning  the  young  to  the  love 
of  books,  to  the  love  of  a  pure  and  elevating 
literature,  to  the  love  of  refined  and  intellec- 
tual pursuits  an.d  recreation,  while  it  opens 
avenues  to  the  attainment  of  useful  knowl- 
edge, and  aids  in  the  important  labor  of  pre- 
paring them  for  the  work  which  their  hands 
may  find  to  do ;  affording  opportunities  sel- 


dom enjoyed,  for  the  females  of  the  com- 
munity to  participate,  not  only  in  the  advan- 
tages to  be  derived  from  books,  but  in  the 
pleasure  and  profit  of  quiet  and  prolonged 
study;  multiplying  in  many  ways  the  enjoy- 
ments of  the  people,  while  it  gives  dignity  to 
intellectual  pursuits,  and  throws  the  charms 
of  a  refined  and  cultivated  taste  around  the 
pleasures  and  pursuits  of  all  conditions  and 
all  classes;  giving  to  all  loftier  and  more 
comprehending  views  of  man's  intellectual 
capacity;  aiding  in  the  formation  of  those 
habits  of  self-respect  which  all  should  cher- 
ish, and  those  habits  of  thought  and  mental 
action  which  adorn  and  dignify,  while  they 
elevate  and  protect;  in  a  word,  spreading 
broadcast  through  our  community  those  aids 
to  mental  and  moral  efforts,  to  the  love  of 
knowledge  and  the  desire  for  excellence,  which 
give  hope  and  strength  in  the  struggle  of  life, 
which  throw  around  the  pathway  of  existence 
the  light  of  all  things  beautiful,  and  the  love  of 
all  things  pure,  and  which,  while  they  consti- 
tute the  most  elevating  and  enduring  of  man's 
earthly  purposes  and  hopes,  are  significant  of 
that  alliance  and  destiny  which  belong  to  him 
as  an  immortal  being,  and  are,  in  their  high- 
est and  purest  form,  'golden  links  which  con- 
nect the  children  of  earth  with  the  throne  of 
the  Eternal/  and  which  the  religion  of  the 
Gospel  so  hallows  and  directs,  that  the  prob- 
lem of  man's  destiny  is  solved,  and  the  Chris- 
tian finds  himself  the  recipient  of  the  promise 
of  this  world  and  of  that  which  is  to  come." 

Hidden  in  these  New  Bedford  reports  are 
other  delightful  morsels,  notably  a  witty  pre- 
sentation of  "public  libraries  vs.  public  meat 
and  vegetable  markets." 

If  we  doubt  the  sincerity  of  the  very  early 
librarians,  we  need  but  turn  to  the  facts  in 
evidence  and  reflect  that  in  1814,  in  Harvard, 
Massachusetts,  the  keeping  of  the  library  was 
put  up  at  auction,  and  that  a  certain  man. 
having  bid  two  dollars  for  the  privilege,  was 
chosen  librarian.  The  first  librarian  of  the 
New  York  Mercantile  Library  received,  in 
1821,  a  yearly  salary  of  $150;  but  this  man, 
it  is  stated,  was  given  the  thanks  of  the  asso- 
ciation for  his  "uniform  urbanity  towards  the 
members  individually."  He  was  not,  more- 
over, an  isolated  example  of  this  enthusiasm, 
for  we  are  told  that  in  1834,  when  the  librarian 
resigned  to  emigrate  to  Illinois,  there  were  one 
hundred  and  fifty  applicants  for  the  position. 


May,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


265 


The  irrelevant  introduction  of  foreign  mat- 
ter is  conspicuous  in  early  reports;  without 
leave  or  parley,  sometimes  without  apparent 
reason,  these  items — a  rhapsody  upon  the  flag, 
a  eulogy  upon  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  a  dissertation  upon  the  evils  of  col- 
lege athletics,  or  an  essay  in  miniature  upon 
some  question  of  the  day  are  made  a  feature 
of  the  report.  A  paragraph  from  the  1840 
report  of  the  New  York  Mercantile  Library 
happens  to  be  of  particular  interest  to-day;  it 
reads : 

"The  Turk,  holding  his  European  empire 
merely  by  sufferance  of  antagonist  interests, 
province  after  province  swept  from  him  by 
encroaching  powers,  will  ere  long  find  his 
foothold  crumble  beneath  him;  the  hand  of 
the  'yellow-haired'  Russian  will  plant  the  cross 
again  over  the  crescent  in  the  city  of  the 
Constantines." 

Recent  events  in  Lawrence,  Massachusetts, 
give  an  added  interest  to  an  otherwise  incon- 
spicuous statement  in  the  report  for  1884 — 
the  unchallenged  suggestion  that  a  policeman's 
services  be  secured  for  the  first  Sunday  open- 
ing. 

One  would  scarcely  turn  to  library  reports 
for  data  in  regard  to  the  management  of 
cemeteries,  their  adornment  and  the  advan- 
tages of  different  modes  of  burial.  Of  course, 
the  mere  fact  that  most  libraries  do  not  unite 
these  departments  of  the  world's  interest  does 
not  argue  the  exception  a  fault. 

Once  upon  a  time  in  a  certain  city,  an 
aggressive  religious  association  painted  on  the 
street  curbs  the  wholesome  advice,  "Repent,  or 
go  to  hell."  ,An  enterprising  enthusiast  of  an- 
other profession  observed  this  thought,  and, 
in  the  main,  it  appealed  to  him.  Shortly, 
however,  the  legend  read,  "Repent,  or  go  to 
hell,  or  use  Sapolio."  This  concisely  pictures 
our  modern  attitude,  which  may  be  inter- 
preted as  see  and  seize  the  opportunity.  Now 
to  return  to  the  cemetery  department :  the 
practical  librarian  to-day  would  no  doubt  look 
upon  this  portion  of  his  field  with  a  utili- 
tarian eye.  Behold  an  opportunity  perman- 
ently wasted  (for  even  this  progressive  libra- 
rian would  hesitate  to  make  known  his  vision 
of  publicity).  On  the  back  of  this  headstone 
might  be  carved  a  most  appropriate  sugges- 
tion, to  wit:  "In  my  youth  I  read  Bunyan 
and  Taylor's  'Holy  living  and  holy  dying,' 
and  I  became  the  governor  of  this  state." 


Another  profitably  would  display,  "In  my  idle 
moments  Shakespeare,  'Robinson  Crusoe'  and 
'Don  Quixote'  were  my  constant  companions, 
and  I  was  the  leading  inventor  of  my  time." 
Again,  the  legend  might  read,  "Here  lies  a 
good  man,  who  never  knew  a  sense  of  hu- 
mor; he  eschewed  the  lightsomeness  of  'Inno- 
cents Abroad';  he  thought  the  'Hunting  of 
the  Snark*  impossible,  and  could  not  parse 
'Jabberwocky.'"  Still  another  might  adver- 
tise the  best  authorities  upon  how  to  know 
the  cemetery  birds  and  flowers. 

An  ingenious  way  that  they  had  at  old  Har- 
vard in  1790  allowed  three  classes  only  the 
use  of  the  library,  resident  graduates,  seniors 
and  juniors.  These  might  go  into  the  library 
once  in  three  weeks;  upon  different  weeks, 
however,  and  in  their  proper  order.  The  li- 
brarian might  permit  but  three  students  at 
a  time,  and  these  preferably  in  alphabetical 
order.  Anyone  entering,  regardless  of  the 
rules  of  precedence,  was  subject  to  a  fine  of 
five  shillings. 

New  York  was  not  to  be  led  precipitately 
into  this  free  library  movement,  and  as  late 
as  1867  Dr.  Cogswell,  of  the  Astor  Library, 
made  known  his  conviction  that  a  free  circu- 
lating library  would  be  an  impossibility  in 
New  York  City. 

The  serious  problem  of  fiction  percentage 
remains  to-day  as  unsettled  as  it  was  in  1829; 
sentences  from  the  first  report  of  the  General 
Society  of  Mechanics  and  Tradesmen  for  that 
year  might  as  easily  be  credited  to  Boston, 
Buffalo,  St.  Louis  or  Los  Angeles  in  1912. 

In  lieu  of  a  $15  monthly  recompense,  mete- 
orological observations  were  kept  for  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  in  the  'sixties  and 
'seventies  by  the  Library  Association  of  Port- 
land. 

Works  of  art  are  apt  to  excite  conversa- 
tion, and  the  Boston  Public  Library,  in  1864, 
naively  advocated  the  plan  of  placing  these 
disturbing  commodities  in  the  ladies'  reading 
room. 

One  feature  of  the  Buffalo  Library  is  sig- 
nificant of  the  trend  of  thought  in  its  day 
and  generation.  Previous  to  1888,  it  pleased 
the  association  to  divide  its  annual  member- 
ship list  into  members  and  ladies.  The  next 
step  in  its  progress  was  evidenced  in  the  divi- 
sions, gentlemen  and  ladies.  Again,  in  1895, 
there  was  a  notable  advance  to  men  and 
women;  life  members,  on  the  other  hand,  for 


266 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


reasons  not  divulged,  were  treated  as  equally 
worthy  or  unworthy  in  one  alphabetical  ar- 
rangement. The  Buffalo  Library,  in  addition, 
secured  individuality  to  itself  by  the  owner- 
ship of  a  hotel. 

The  following  items  will  illustrate  to  per- 
fection the  changing  attitude  of  libraries  tow- 
ard the  public.  The  Public  Library  of  Cam- 
bridge, Massachusetts,  in  1887,  contemplated 
closing  the  library  in  order  that  all  books 
could  have  new  paper  covers  before  moving 
into  the  new  building.  In  1878  the  Brookline 
Public  Library  closed  for  eight  weeks  that 
the  library  force  might  examine  every  book 
in  the  collection,  page  by  page,  detect  mutila- 
tions, erase  thoroughly  all  pencil  marks  and 
otherwise  cleanse  the  entire  stock  of  books. 
In  the  year  1909  this  same  library,  in  describ- 
ing the  plans  for  a  new  building  and  the  dis- 
posal of  the  old  one,  makes  the  following 
statement : 

"It  was  found  that  the  removal  of  the 
building  entire  would  add  but  little  to  the 
expense,  and  the  convenience  to  the  public 
would  be  vastly  greater  if  the  reading  room 
could  be  retained.  .  .  It  was  necessary  to  cut 
the  building  from  its  foundation  and  to  raise 
it  upon  jacks.  .  .  .  The  entire  distance  from 
the  old  site  to  the  new  was  234  feet.  .  .  As 
an  engineering  feat,  the  work  was  remark- 
able, although  by  no  means  unprecedented.  .  . 
But  more  important  is  the  fact  that  during 
the  three  months  the  building  was  moving, 
the  library  work  was  not  interrupted  for  an 
hour,  nor  was  the  public  put  to  any  incon- 
venience in  the  use  of  library  or  reading 
room.  A  few  important  cracks  are  the  only 
visible  evidence  that  this  brick  building  of 
high,  irregular  shape,  covering  7900  square 
feet,  and  loaded  with  70,000  volumes,  has 
been  moved  and  lowered  to  a  new  site." 

Modernity  evidenced  in  this  contrasting  re- 
port we  recognize  as  thoroughly  character- 
istic of  the  business  library  with  which  we 
are  all  familiar,  and  as  in  conformity  with 
the  tendency  of  strenuous  librarians  to  adopt 
the  suggestions  of  a  fellow  librarian  and  "go 
him  one  better." 

If  there  remains  a  lurking  suspicion  of 
doubt  regarding  the  general  usefulness  of 
catalogs  and  classifications,  the  unenlightened 
should  read  the  report  of  the  Worcester 
County  Law  Library  for  1008,  in  which  is 
pictured  the  distress  of  a  Pennsylvania  com- 


munity resulting  from  the  death  of  the  libra- 
rian, who  was  the  only  open  sesame,  Eleven 
courts  closed  in  acceptance  of  the  situation. 

The  prime  object  of  a  report  is  plainly  de- 
fense, but  library  reports  are  growing  more 
and  more  to  be  a  means  of  attracting  atten- 
tion to  wares  and  methods.  We  question  the 
likelihood  of  public  interest  being  arrested 
by  detail  of  work  and  statistics ;  we  are  more 
convinced  that  the  people  are  warned  against 
too  close  acquaintance  with  library  literature 
if  such  details  mar  the  otherwise  readable 
text.  To  the  library  profession,  these  facts 
have  a  meaning,  but  does  this  warrant  the 
mass  of  detail  usually  made  public? 

The  Chicago  Public  Library  might  be  cha- 
grined to  know  that  the  Brooklyn  Public 
Library  had  filed  6280  more  catalog  cards 
than  it  had  been  able  to  store  away  during 
a  given  period,  a  fact,  after  all,  of  main  in- 
terest to  the  respective  heads  of  departments 
in  charge  of  such  work.  The  citizens  of, 
Chicago,  meanwhile,  are  unaware  that  there 
is  any  competition  in  these  matters. 

The  agitation  for  uniformity  of  library  re- 
ports will  doubtless  make  possible  a  plan  for 
condensed  tables  of  statistics,  arranged  for 
easy  comparison,  a  fortification  of  proof 
against  uncertain  attack  and  in  sufficient 
abundance  to  satisfy  all  future  lovers  of  class- 
ified information.  It  is  curious  to  note  the 
number  of  libraries  that  are  able  each  to 
show,  in  proportion  to  the  population  of  the 
town  and  the  funds  at  its  disposal,  the  great- 
est circulation  of  books. 

Now,  it  is  the  evident  quest  of  ideas  which 
in  the  end  impresses  itself  upon  a  reader  of 
reports.  Ideas  which  run  the  gauntlet  of  all 
the  library  institutions  finally  become  purged 
and  take  their  places  in  the  general  standardi- 
zation of  methods.  From  the  first  apparent 
necessity  for  explanation  of  the  library's  rea- 
son and  right  of  existence,  we  have  seen  this 
feeling  about  for  ideas.  The  original  idea— 
and  it  has  a  shy  habit  of  eluding  one — may 
have,  when  it  does  not  escape,  little  to  recom- 
mend it  other  than  the  momentary  attention 
its  meteoric  appearance  draws.  It  is  to  all 
intents  and  purposes  an  advertisement.  The 
result-producing  schemes  are  not  always  men- 
tal creations ;  we  polish  the  labored  work  of 
another,  and  it  shows  itself  apparently  a  thing 
unique,  instead  of  the  higher  step  in  an  evo- 
lution. 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


267 


This  obvious  bidding  for  ideas  is  related  to 
an  intimation  of  a  like  tendency  in  at  least 
one  representative  library  of  the  mother 
country.  Now,  the  American  habit  of  mind 
— we  are  generally  pleased  to  call  it  a  sense 
of  humor — will  not  let  us  look  upon  the  alto- 
gether English  rules  of  the  Bodleian  Library 
too  seriously.  We,  perhaps,  wonder  whether 
the  "boys,"  before  they  have  mastered  the 
code,  will  not  cease  to  be  boys ;  peradventure 
we  underestimate  the  powers  of  the  English 
boy ;  possibly,  in  the  avoidance  of  explicit 
rules,  we  overestimate  the  judgment  of  his 
American  cousin.  « However  much  the  ways 
of  ruling  libraries  differ  from  the  Bodleian 
system,  we  must  grant  the  latter' s  raison 
d'etre.  If  boys,  for  instance,  are  in  danger 
of  getting  their  feet  wet,  the  rule  in  regard 
to  a  reserve  supply  of  socks  and  dry  boots  is 
obviously  sensible;  we  believe  in  the  avoid- 
ance of  drafts,  and  know  from  experience — 
possibly  due  to  a  dearth  of  rules  for  boys  and 
others — that  clocks  should  be  wound  regu- 
larly. There  is,  however,  one  ordinance  which 
deserves  special  attention.  It  reads:  "Every 
boy  may  put  on  the  librarian's  table  early  on 
any  Saturday  morning  a  signed  suggestion. 
If  it  is  new,  good,  practicable  at  the  present 
time,  and  of  any  importance  whatever,  he  has 
a  half  day  given  him  for  it" — a  just  and,  on 
the  whole,  desirable  rule  for  all  concerned, 
and  eminently  suited  to  American  conditions. 


THE    NEW   HARVARD    LIBRARY. 
By   WILLIAM    COOLIDGE   LANE,   Librarian. 

GORE  HALL  is  no  more.  The  building  to 
which  scholars  from  all  over  the  country  have 
resorted,  and  which  for  seventy-five  years  has 
sheltered  the  richest  and  most  widely  used 
collection  of  scholars'  books  in  America,  is 
a  thing  of  the  past.  Its  cold,  gray  walls  of 
•Quincy  granite,  its  four  towers,  and  its  Gothic 
pinnacles,  at  one  time  thought  to  form  an 
architectural  monument  of  surpassing  beauty, 
at  other  times  decried  as  a  monstrosity,  exist 
now  only  in  the  memory  of  the  thousands 
who  have  frequented  the  college  yard,  in  the 
records  of  the  camera  and  on  the  seal  of  the 
city  of  Cambridge. 

In  its  place,  and  in  part  on  precisely  the 
same  spot,  will  rise  the  new  Harry  Elkins 
Widener  Memorial  Library,  which  will  house 
the  principal  book  collection  of  the  university 
for  all  time  to  come,  as  well  as  the  precious 
group  of  rare  and  wonderfully  interesting 
books  brought  together  by  Mr.  Widener  in 
his  few  short  years  of  book  collecting. 

The  new  building  faces  inward  toward  the 


college  grounds,  forming  one  side  of  a  quad- 
rangle, of  which  the  other  three  sides  are 
occupied  by  university  and  Sever  halls  on  left 
and  right,  and  by  the  college  chapel  opposite, 
a  quadrangle  in  which  the  former  beauty  of 
the  trees  has  scarcely  been  impaired  by  the 
ravages  of  the  leopard  moth,  so  destructive 
in  the  college  yard  proper. 

Stated  in  general  terms,  the  building  is  a 
hollow  square,  about  250  x  200  feet  on  the 
outside,  the  inner  courtyard  being  divided 
lengthwise  by  a  central  section  devoted  to 
the  Widener  collection,  and  leaving  a  light 
court  on  each  side,  about  no  x  28  feet. 

The  north  side  of  the  main  building,  facing 
on  the  college  grounds,  contains,  on  the  sec- 
ond floor,  the  great  reading  room,  192  x  40 
feet,  while  the  three  other  sides  are  occupied 
for  the  most  part  by  nine  floors  of  book 
stack.  The  reading  room,  43  feet  high,  ex- 
tends to  the  roof,  but  above  the  book  stack, 
on  three  sides  of  the  building,  in  the  upper 
story,  are  rooms  for  special  collections  and 
seminary  use. 

The  approach  to  the  building  on  the  north 
side  is  by  a  massive  flight  of  steps,  extending 
across  the  greater  part  of  the  front,  sur- 
mounted by  a  colonnade  of  twelve  columns, 
and  masking  a  high  basement  story  below. 
These  steps  lead  to  the  principal  entrance  on 
what  may  be  called  the  first  floor  (really  the 
second),  where  one  will  enter  a  stately  hall 
with  stairs  leading  to  the  next  story  at  its 
further  end.  The  rooms  on  the  right  of  this 
hall  include  a  bookroom,  to  hold  a  compre- 
hensive collection  of  standard  books ;  a  treas- 
ure room,  in  which  all  the  rarest  and  most 
valuable  books  of  the  library  will  be  properly 
shelved;  offices  for  the  director  of  the  uni- 
versity library,  and  a  room  for  the  library 
council,  opening  out  from  the  treasure  room 
and  serving  as  an  adjunct  to  it.  On  the  other 
side  of  the  hall  are  administrative  offices,  in- 
cluding ample  space  for  the  catalog  staff  and 
the  official  union  catalog ;  offices  for  the  order 
department,  the  registrar  and  the  librarian. 
These  rooms  connect  by  elevators  and  stair- 
ways with  the  rooms  immediately  below  them 
in  the  basement  floor,  which  are  devoted  to 
the  shelf  department,  the  collating  room,  and 
the  office  of  the  superintendent  of  the  build- 
ing. 

On  the  other  side  of  the  building,  in  the 
basement  floor,  is  a  large  reading  room  for 
students  in  elementary  courses  in  history  and 
economics.  The  entrance  to  the  library  on 
the  south  side,  fronting  the  street,  is  also  on 
the  basement  level,  and  direct  access  is  given 
through  the  middle  of  the  building  to  the 
stairs  which  lead  to  the  entrance  hall  and  to 
the  reading  room  above.  Toilet  rooms,  a 
dining  room  and  kitchenette  for  the  ladies  of 
the  staff,  a  boys'  luncheon  room,  and  rooms 
for  the  janitor  are  also  to  be  found  on  this 
floor. 

Passing  up  the  main  stairway  from  the  en- 
trance hall  on  the  first  floor,  a  platform  half- 


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[May,  1913 


5TVDY     I     5TVDY      I      STVDY      E  HAIL     F^fl       5TVDY      I     STVDV     I     5TVDY 


HARRY    ELKINS    WIDENER    MEMORIAL    LIBRARY,    HARVARD 
FIRST   ELOOR  PLAN 


May,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


269 


D  0  D  D 

CAKJ    CATALOGVE  ROOM 

D  D  D  D 


HARRY    ELKINS    WIDENER    MEMORIAL   LIBRARY,    HARVARD 
SECOND  FLOOR  PLAN 


270 


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[May,  1913 


way  between  this  floor  and  the  next  gives 
access  to  the  Widener  Memorial  Hall  and  a 
room  beyond  it,  in  which  the  Widener  collec- 
tion will  be  placed.  Both  these  rooms  will 
doubtless  be  rooms  of  great  beauty  and  dig- 
nity. 

Turning  from  this  platform  and  passing  up 
on  either  side  by  a  second  short  flight  of 
stairs,  we  come  to  a  square  hallway,  which 
opens  on  the  north  directly  into  the  great 
reading  room,  and  on  the  east  into  the  room 
for  the  public  card  catalog,  with  the  delivery 
room  just  beyond  it.  At  one  side  is  a  small 
reading  room  for  Radcliffe  students.  The 
stairs  and  the  lift  at  the  back  of  the  delivery 
room  give  access  to  the  catalog  department 
on  the  floor  below  and  to  the  shelf  depart- 
ment on  the  floor  below  that.  The  reading 
room  is  broken  by  a  colonnade  at  each  end, 
which  reduces  the  apparent  length  of  the 
room  and  partly  cuts  off  two  smaller  rooms 
of  lesser  height  at  each  end.  One  of  these 
rooms  which  will  probably  be  used  for  refer- 
ence books,  connects  directly  with  the  delivery 
room,  the  other  with  another  special  reading 
room,  and  this  again  with  the  stack. 

At  the  west  of  the  hall  on  this  floor  are 
stairs  leading  to  the  upper  story,  passenger 
elevators  and  one  or  two  small  studies. 

Turning  now  to  the  stack,  it  will  be  noticed 
that  its  distinguishing  feature  is  a  row  of 
stalls  along  each  outside  wall,  each  stall  being 
well  lighted  and  having  comfortable  room  for 
a  table  and  chair.  The  stack  thus  becomes 
practically  a  working  laboratory,  with  the  best 
possible  accommodation  for  individual  and 
continuous  work.  These  stalls  are  to  be  found 
on  each  floor  of  the  stack,  except  the  two 
lowest,  and  also  on  the  south  side,  though  not 
so  represented  on  the  plan  here  printed. 

The  other  striking  characteristic  of  the 
library  is  the  provision  of  a  large  number  of 
small  studies — rooms  about  10  x  12  or  12  x  15 
feet,  for  the  private  use  of  professors  and 
others.  On  the  southeast  and  southwest  cor- 
ners are  groups  of  three  such  studies  in  five 
floors,  and  on  the  inner  face  of  the  south  side 
of  the  library  six  more  in  five  floors.  The 
height  of  the  stack  stories  being  seven  feet 
four  inches,  it  was  obviously  desirable  to 
make  these  studies  somewhat  higher.  Their 
floor  level  does  not,  therefore,  correspond  in 
all  cases  with  the  floors  of  the  stack.  They 
are  separated  from  the  stack,  as  shown  in  the 
plan,  by  a  screen,  but  open  into  it  at  each 
end  of  the  passageway.  The  object  of  this 
arrangement  is  that  students  and  other  vis- 
itors may  have  direct  access  to  them  from 
the  street  without  passing  through  the  stack. 
A  number  of  other  studies  are  provided  in 
other  parts  of  the  building,  the  total  number 
being  seventy-four. 

The  upper  floor  contains  fourteen  studies, 
nineteen  rooms  of  different  sizes  which  may 
be  used  for  special  libraries  and  for  seminary 
rooms,  and  a  photographing  room.  The  li- 
brary's collections  of  maps  and  manuscripts 


will  be  assigned  space  on  this  floor,  and  many 
of  the  special  collections,  such  as  the  classical 
library  and  the  Child  Memorial  Library,  which 
are  now  in  outside  buildings. 

An  obvious  criticism  of  the  plan  which  will 
immediately  occur  to  librarians  is  that  the 
delivery  room  is  not  placed  in  its  logical  posi- 
tion— the  center  of  the  building,  with  direct 
access  on  the  shortest  lines  to  the  stack;  but 
it  Avas  desired  to  reserve  this  place  for  the 
Widener  books:  and  it  should  be  remembered 
that  in  a  college  library  the  position  of  the 
delivery  room,  with  respect  to  the  stack,  is  of 
tar  less  importance  than  it  would  be  in  a 
public  library.  In  a  college  library,  the 
greater  part  of  the  students  find  the  books 
which  they  want  for  their  daily  work  in  the 
reading  room.  Advanced  students  and  officers 
have  direct  access  to  the  shelves,  and  in  most 
cases  prefer  to  look  up  their  own  books  and 
work  in  the  stack  rather  than  to  call  for 
them  through  the  delivery  desk.  The  books 
issued  from  the  delivery  desk  are  far  fewer 
in  proportion  to  the  total  number  of  books 
used  than  is  the  case  in  the  usual  public  li- 
brary. On  the  other  hand,  the  grouping  of 
the  reading  room,  the  collection  of  reference 
books,  the  card  catalog,  and  the  delivery  desk 
all  in  close  juxtaposition,  but  separated  one 
from  another,  is  a  great  advantage. 

The  capacity  of  the  nine  stories  of  book 
stack  will  be  something  over  two  million 
volumes. 

NEW   YORK'S   MUNICIPAL  REFER- 
ENCE  LIBRARY 

SEVERAL  administrations  have  endeavored  to 
start  a  municipal  reference  library  for  New 
York  City,  but  the  project  has  always  been 
voted  down  until  this  year,  when  Comptroller 
Prendergast  took  the  matter  in  hand.  On 
March  31  a  library  of  some  5000  volumes  and 
reports  was  formally  opened  to  the  city  em- 
ployees and  the  public,  with  speeches  by 
Mayor  Gaynor,  by  the  Comptroller,  John  H. 
Finley,  president  of  the  College  of  the  City 
of  New  York,  and  Rev.  Father  Murphy,  S.J., 
of  Brooklyn  College.  'Quarters  for  the  library 
are  eventually  to  be  provided  in  the  new 
Municipal  Building,  and  the  library  of  the 
Reform  Club,  of  some  12,000  volumes,  will 
probably  be  added  to  the  present  collection. 

"The  installation  of  a  library  like  this,"  said 
President  McAneny,  "is  a  part  of  the  expres- 
sion of  that  different  view  that  has  taken  hold 
on  all  things  municipal  in  the  city  of  New 
York.  I  think  the  importance  of  efficient 
government  has  taken  real  hold  upon  the  pub- 
lic imagination.  I  think  we  can  all  say  that  in 
the  last  three  years  education  has  done  much, 
as  the  result  of  things  accomplished  will 
testify. 

"We  are  beginning  to  regard  our  bureau 
chiefs  as  men  who  will  stay,  and  therefore 
the  knowledge  they  gain  through  the  use  of 
a  plant  like  this  is  not  going  to  be  thrown 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


271 


away  every  lour  years.  It  used  to  be  a  rule 
that  the  city  undertook  to  educate  a  number 
of  civil  employees,  and  afterward  threw  them 
out  and  started  in  to  educate  a  new  force. 
But  that  sort  of  thing  has  passed  away." 

The  library  occupies  two  large  rooms  on 
the  fourth  floor  of  the  Stewart  Building,  and 
is  being  well  used  already,  with  an  average 
of  about  83  users  a  week  for  the  first  three 
weeks.  Periodicals  on  accounting,  engineer- 
ing and  applied  science  are  on  file,  as  well 
as  matter  of  legal  and  political  interest. 

The  address  of  the  Comptroller,  outlining 
the  library's  scope  and  aims,  is  given  below : 

For  several  years  there  has  been  a  demand 
for  a  municipal  reference  library.  We  are 
•endeavoring  to-day  to  meet  this  demand  and 
inaugurate  a  new  department  of  civic  activity. 
Several  efforts  have  been  made  to  establish 
such  a  library.  Their  failure  induced  the 
Bureau  of  Municipal  Research  to  join  with 
:some  of  my  associates  in  the  Board  of  Esti- 
mate and  Apportionment  in  requesting  the 
•comptroller  to  undertake  this  work.  This  re- 
quest was  made  on  January  n  of  this  year, 
and  this  ceremony  marks  what  we  trust  will 
prove  to  be  the  successful  embarkation  of  a 
most  useful  enterprise. 

This  Municipal  Reference  Library  should 
be  "a  fact  center."  To  it,  public  officials,  civic 
organizations  and  citizens  generally,  should 
be  able  to  appeal  for  information  on  any  sub- 
ject that  may  reasonably  be  considered  within 
the  domain  of  municipal  performance.  If 
the  library  should  not  happen  to  have  ade- 
quate data  relating  to  a  subject  regarding 
which  inquiry  is  made,  it  will  be  the  duty  of 
those  in  charge  immediately  to  secure  the 
necessary  information. 

We  are  fortunate  in  having  before  us  some 
excellent  suggestions  regarding  this  work, 
furnished  by  a  committee  of  the  National 
Municipal  League  in  1910,  as  follows: 

1.  That     municipal     reference     libraries     should    be 
established    in   all   large   cities. 

2.  That  as   a  general  rule  such   libraries   should  be 
under    the   control    of   the   public   library. 

3.  That  such  libraries  should  be  located  in  the  City 
Hall   where  feasible. 

4.  That   the    qualifications    for   the   head   of   such   a 
library    should    be    a    liberal    education,    with    special 
training     in     political     science,     economics,     municipal 
government,   and  methods  of  organization  and  admin- 
istration, and  he  should  be  selected  for  merit  alone. 

5.  That  the  head  of  the  municipal  reference  library 
be   selected  by    that   method   which,    in    the   particular 
city,  will,  under  the  local  conditions  there  prevailing, 
tend  most   completely  to  eliminate  political  considera- 
tions.     In    some    cities    the    most    satisfactory    results 
may    be    obtained    by    lodging    the    appointing    power 
with    the    public    librarian    or    library    trustees.       In 
•other  cities,  conditions  may  make  it  advisable  to  have 
appointment    made    by    a    select,    impartial    and    non- 
political  board.    . 

6.  That    the    municipal    reference    library    be    made 
the  agency  for  the  exchange  of  municipal  documents. 

7.  The    functions   of  the   library   should   not  be  re- 
stricted  to   any   particular  phase   of  work   so   long  as 


*  Address  of  Comptroller  Prendergast  at  the  open- 
ing of  the  New  York  Municipal  Reference  Library, 
March  31,  1913. 


that  \york  relates  only  to  the  collecting,  collating, 
compiling  and  disseminating  of  data  or  information. 
It  will  also  be  one  of  the  functions  of  the  library 
to  aid  in  the  drafting  of  ordinances.  Of  course,  the 
principal  work  will  be  concerning  municipal  ques- 
tions, and  special '  efforts  should  be  made  to  secure 
such  information  for  the  city  officials  who  are  re- 
sponsible for  the  administration  of  the  city's  affairs, 
but  to  be  of  the  greatest  value,  such  a  library  must 
undertake  to  furnish  information  to  the  public  gen- 
erally. Such  a  bureau  will  be  used  extensively  by 
the  press,  and  this  is  one  of  the  best  ways  of  reach- 
ing the  public.  Social,  civic  and  improvement  asso- 
ciations will  also  frequently  have  occasion  to  use 
such  a  library,  and  its  value  to  a  city  cannot  easily 
be  overestimated.  If  the  bureau  be  under  the  control 
of  the  public  library,  it  would  seem  advisable  to  issue 
a  bulletin  containing  interesting  comments  for  news- 
paper purposes  and  showing  how  the  reference  library 
can  be  of  assistance  to  officials  and  to  the  public  as 
each  matter  of  general  interest  gets  the  center  of  the 
stage. 

These  libraries  have  now  been  established 
in  St.  Louis,  Baltimore,  Kansas  City,  Mil- 
waukee and  Minneapolis.  There  are  similar 
libraries  conducted  under  the  direction  of  the 
state  universities  of  Kansas,  Oregon  and  Wis- 
consin. No  city  has  as  great  municipal  prob- 
lems as  those  which  confront  New  York,  and, 
consequently,  New  York  should  be  in  the 
vanguard  of  those  communities  that  are  quick 
to  recognize  the  utility  of  such  an  institution. 

In  the  absence  of  a  special  appropriation  to 
meet  the  expenses  of  this  work,  you  will  un- 
derstand that  this  beginning  is  not  intended 
to  be  otherwise  than  a  most  modest  one.  As 
a  preliminary  to  a  safe  start,  I  sought  the  co- 
operation of  the  authorities  of  the  New  York 
Public  Library,  and  have  had  from  them  the 
most  candid  and  effective  help.  A  survey  of 
the  books  and  reports  in  the  Department  of 
Finance  proved  that  we  had  in  them  alone  a 
strong  nucleus  for  the  new  library.  The  very 
kind  advice  of  Mr.  Anderson,  the  acting  direc- 
tor of  the  New  York  Public  Library,  enabled 
us  to  select  other  works  essential  to  the  fabric 
of  the  library,  and  we  start  with  a  total  of 
five  thousand  pieces,  including  books  and  re- 
ports. Our  expenditures  for  new  books  has 
been  a  little  less  than  $750,  and  the  equipment 
of  these  two  rooms  will  not  be  over  $500. 
For  the  first  six  months,  at  least,  the  salary 
expenditure  for  the  library  will  be  carried  on 
the  regular  appropriations  of  the  Department 
of  Finance.  We  start  with  sections  on 
Audit  and  accounting 
Banking  and  currency 
Bridge  and  bridge  construction 
Budgets  of  cities 
Buildings,  building  materials  and  building 

methods 

Borough  and  departmental  reports 
Charities  and  corrections 
Civil  engineering  and  surveying 
Colonial  history  of  New  York 
Commission  government 
Economics 

Education  and  educational  methods 
Efficiency  methods 
Electrical  engineering 
Financial  statistics 


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[May,  1913 


Files  of  the  City  Record 

Files  of  the  civil  list 

Government  of  cities 

Health 

Hospitals  and  housing 

Investigations  by  legislative  and  other  gov- 
ernmental bodies 

Municipal  ownership 

Paving — road-making,  maintenance  and  road- 
making  materials 

Records  of  the  old  Board  of  Supervisors 

Records  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  New 
York  and  Brooklyn 

Records  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  Sinking 
Fund 

Records  of  the  Board  of  Estimate  and  Ap- 
portionment 

Sanitation 

Session  laws 

Sewers,  sewerage  and  sewage  disposal 

Steam  and  electric  power 

Street  cleaning  and  disposal  of  garbage 

Subways  and  tunnels 

Statistics  of  American  and  foreign  cities 

Taxation,  with  the  valuable  documentary  data 
gathered  by  the  Department  of  Finance  in 
its  work  for  the  Committee  on  New  Sources 
of  Revenue 

Water  supply  and  nitration 

In  addition  to  these,  the  standard  encyclo- 
paedias and  other  general  reference  works. 

While  I  have  taken  the  liberty  of  commenc- 
ing this  work,  I  trust  you  will  understand 
that  it  is  not  my  idea  that  it  should  be  an 
adjunct  of  the  Department  of  Finance.  I 
believe  that  space  should  be  provided  imme- 
diately in  the  new  Municipal  Building  for  the 
Reference  Library,  and  that  the  Board  of 
Estimate  and  Apportionment  should  under- 
take to  provide  for  its  conduct  in  that  build- 
ing as  a  separate  division  of  the  city  govern- 
ment under  the  board's  control.  I  would  also 
recommend  that  the  cooperation  of  the  Board 
of  Aldermen  be  sought  for  the  amalgamation 
with  the  Municipal  Reference  Library  of  that 
portion  of  the  Aldermanic  Library  which  is 
suitable  to  the  new  library's  purposes.  The 
present  Aldermanic  Library  was  established 
in  1848  and  consists  of  about  8000  volumes 
and  500  pamphlets.  Unfortunately,  no  money 
has  been  expended  for  many  years  for  any 
increase  of  its  contents. 

In  a  report  submitted  under  date  of  Oct.  24, 
1911,  attention  was  called  to  the  fact  that  the 
collection  of  the  Reform  Club,  numbering 
about  12,000  volumes,  consists  in  large  part 
of  books  devoted  to  municipal  questions.  This 
collection,  said  to  be  one  of  the  best  of  its 
kind,  is  housed  under  a  temporary  arrange- 
ment with  Columbia  University.  I  am  in- 
formed that  the  arrangement  may  be  termin- 
ated at  any  time  by  either  party  by  giving 
six  months'  notice.  If  this  valuable  collection 
should  be  lent  to  the  city  it  would  form  a 
splendid  addition  to  our  Municipal  Reference 
Library.  I  have  opened  negotiations  with  the 


officers  of  the  Reform  Club,  with  a  view  of 
securing  this  substantial  addition  to  our  col- 
lection. 

I  have  spoken  of  the  hearty  and  helpful  co- 
operation we  have  already  received  from  the 
New  York  Public  Library.  In  addition  to 
this,  the  Brooklyn  Central  Library  has  also 
signified  its  great  interest  in  this  work  by 
formally  tendering  its  good  offices.  I  believe 
in  time  that  branches  of  the  Municipal  Refer- 
ence Library  should  be  established  in  other 
boroughs,  and  this  could  be  effected  at  a 
minimum  of  expense  by  using  the  facilities 
of  the  library  systems  already  doing  such  ex- 
cellent work  in  the  different  boroughs. 

The  functions  of  this  library  can  be  made 
very  far-reaching.  They  could  include  the 
making  of  investigations,  the  preparation  of 
reports,  the  drafting  of  legislative  bills  and 
city  ordinances,  lecture  courses  and  public 
discussions.  Certainly  there  is  a  great  deal 
of  such  work  that  could  be  conducted  by  the 
library  in  an  economical  and  efficient  manner, 
because  it  would  have  at  its  service  so  many 
effective  agencies  of  the  city  government.  The 
office  of  the  Commissioners  of  Accounts,  the 
Bureau  of  Municipal  Investigation  and  Sta- 
tistics of  the  Department  of  Finance,  and  the 
Efficiency  Bureau,  now  being  established  by 
the  Board  of  Estimate  and  Apportionment,  in 
addition  to  the  staff  of  the  library,  would  con- 
stitute a  powerful  force  for  purposes  of  re- 
search. If  facts  are  required,  they  should  be 
secured  by  the  library,  but  the  quest  must  be 
for  facts.  Any  attempt  to  use  it  for  personal 
or  political  advantage  would  destroy  the  value 
of  the  library  as  an  element  of  municipal 
service. 

We  hope  that  all  departments  of  the  city 
government  will  cooperate  in  making  the 
Municipal  Reference  Library  a  success.  It  is 
designed  to  help  all  interested  in  good  gov- 
ernment, and  the  employees  of  the  different 
departments  should  be  encouraged  by  their 
superiors  to  make  use  of  the  library. 

I  believe  that  investigation  would  reveal 
that  in  many  departments  of  the  city  govern- 
ment there  are  valuable  books  and  records 
that  could  be  transferred  to  this  library,  thus 
materially  augmenting  its  efficiency. 

A  municipal  reference  library  has  been  de- 
fined as  an  agency  for  the  diffusion  rather 
than  the  advance  of  learning,  and  the  primary 
purpose  of  this  new  organization  is  to  bring 
about  a  diffusion  of  knowledge  that  will  not 
only  tend  to  make  this  an  even  greater  city 
than  it  is,  but  also  to  be  an  example  and  in- 
spiration to  all  American  municipalities. 


THE   TRANSFORMATION   OF   THE 
NEW  YORK  STATE  LIBRARY 

IN  the  reports  for  the  years  1911  and  1912, 
the  director  of  the  New  York  State  Library 
has  much  of  interest  to  tell  of  the  reorganiza- 
tion after  the  fire  of  March  29,  1911. 

"The   catastrophe,"   he    says   in    September, 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


273 


1911,  "is  probably  the  greatest  in  modern  li- 
brary annals.  The  burning  of  the  Kaiserliche 
Universitats  und  Landes  Bibliothek  in  Strass- 
burg  during  the  Franco-Prussian  war  did  not 
destroy  so  many  books.  The  fire  at  the  Bib- 
lioteca  Nazionale  in  Turin  (1904)  was  notable 
for  the  large  number  of  rarities  and  manu- 
script treasures  lost,  though  no  more,  numer- 
ically, than  25,000  books  and  2000  manuscripts 
were  destroyed.  The  combined  library  losses 
at  San  Francisco  in  1906,  while  perhaps  ag- 
gregating nearly  half  a  million  volumes,  were 
not  comparable  in  the  character  of  the  books 
and  manuscripts  burned,  for  the  entire  Ban- 
croft Library  and  a  great  part  of  the  Sutro 
collection  escaped.  At  Albany  a  round  half 
million  books,  three  hundred  thousand  manu- 
scripts, the  costly  apparatus  of  administration, 
the  whole  representing  the  skilled  and  devoted 
labors  of  many  faithful  and  zealous  library 
workers  during  almost  a  century — all  these, 
forming  a  collection  ranking  with  the  first 
half-dozen  in  the  western  hemisphere  and 
among  the  first  twenty  in  the  world,  were 
swept  away  in  a  few  hot  and  disheartening 
hours.  The  work  of  a  great  going  concern — 
a  work  reaching  not  alone  into  every  corner 
and  county  of  the  state,  but  through  corre- 
spondence, publications  and  exchange  into 
every  part  of  the  world — a  work  of  educa- 
tional extension,  of  instruction,  book  acquisi- 
tion, and  service,  was  cut  off  between  two 
days.  The  fact  that  within  a  stone's  throw 
of  the  fire  stood  a  superb  new  building  almost 
ready  to  receive  the  library  and  to  protect  it 
from  just  the  catastrophe  which  overtook  it, 
and  which  had  been  dreaded  for  so  many 
years,  gives  a  touch  of  unusual  tragedy  to  the 
situation." 

"What  remained  to  the  library  after  the  fire 
may,  by  now,  be  pretty  accurately  stated  as 
follows : 

Books  saved  belonging  to  the  State  Library 
proper,  including  those  in  the  hands  of  bor- 
rowers   7,000 

Traveling  library  books  loaned  throughout  the 
state,  including  several  hundred  books  for 
the  blind 45»ooo 

Manuscripts    saved 80,000 

Duplicates    stored    in    other   buildings 200,000 

Several  hundred  coins  and  a  few  relics, 
notably  those  relating  to  Washington." 

Almost  immediately  after  the  fire  the  library 
secured  the  use  of  temporary  quarters  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  city  until  the  new  building 
was  ready.  The  work  of  restoring  damaged 
books  and  manuscripts,  and  of  saving  them 
from  mold  and  mildew,  was  raced  through 
two  hard  weeks.  Mr.  William  Berwick,  of 
the  Library  of  Congress,  initiated  the  work  of 
manuscript  restoration,  which  has  gone  on 
steadily  since. 

"The  drying,  cleaning  and  rebinding  of  the 
books  saved  presented  varied  and  difficult  ques- 
tions. Many  rescued  from  the  ruins  proved 
to  be  odd  volumes  of  sets,  or  too  badly  dam- 
aged to  be  worth  keeping;  many  single  vol- 
umes, sometimes  whole  sets,  were  discarded 


as  being  palpably  more  costly  to  rebind  than 
to  replace. 

"Some  faint  notion  may  be  had  of  the 
tangle  into  which  the  business  affairs  of  the 
library  were  plunged  when  it  is  recalled  that, 
as  all  records  of  outstanding  orders  were  de- 
stroyed, there  was  no  way  of  knowing  how 
many  thousands  of  dollars'  worth  of  books 
the  library  was  obligated  for  or  how  many, 
and  what  books  had  been  received  and  not 
paid  for  at  the  time  of  the  fire.  Hundreds  of 
unknown  'continuation'  orders  were  cut  off 
in  mid-sets,  and  even  after  agents  had  fur- 
nished lists  of  these  orders  it  was  hard  to 
decide  wisely  which  to  cancel  or  continue. 
The  burning  of  all  numbers  for  the  first  three 
months  of  the  year,  of  more  than  3000  period- 
icals currently  received  broke  3000  volumes, 
many  of  them  difficult  to  restore.  All  mail- 
ing and  exchange  lists  showing  what  state 
publications  were  sent  to  and  received  from 
hundreds  of  institutions  in  all  parts  of  the 
world  were  likewise  burned  and  restored  only 
by  laborious  correspondence.  These  incidents 
are  cited  merely  as  typical  of  hundreds  which 
arose  during  the  months  following  the  fire. 

"Following  the  hundreds  of  immediate  ex- 
pressions of  sympathy  has  come  a  steady 
stream  of  substantial  gifts  to  the  library  from 
every  part  of  the  world :  from  nations,  states, 
cities,  libraries,  publishers,  institutions  and 
individuals. 

"One  of  the  largest  problems  to  settle  at 
once  involved  the  system  of  classification  and 
cataloging.  With  the  slate  wiped  clean,  with 
practically  every  book  burned  and  every  cata- 
log card  destroyed  or  burned  beyond  further 
use,  the  situation  was  that  which  would  con- 
front a  new  library  about  to  organize.  The 
factors  affecting  decision  were  varied,  involv- 
ing the  purpose  and  scope  of  the  new  library, 
its  various  lines  of  coordinate  work,  such  as 
the  Library  School  and  the  Division  of  Edu- 
cational Extension,  its  relation  to  all  library 
and  educational  endeavor  throughout  the 
state,  a  relation  which  it  is  hoped  to  make 
even  closer  than  before.  The  generosity  of 
the  legislature  has  provided  a  sum  which 
makes  it  possible  to  plan  for  an  organization 
and  a  work  greater  in  scope  and  promise  than 
that  which  existed  before  the  fire.  The  new 
quarters  will  afford  opportunities  for  useful 
expansion,  and  the  reconstruction  of  records 
and  bibliographic  and  technical  equipment  has 
been  planned  with  this  large  view  in  mind." 

The  legislature  authorized  the  expenditure 
of  a  million  and  a  quarter  dollars  within  four 
or  five  years,  and  the  first  year  of  book  buy- 
ing, as  reported  up  to  Sept.  30,  1912,  came  to 
a  total  of  $215,086.12.  "In  spending  so  much 
money  in  the  face  of  needs  so  great,  the 
temptation  naturally  is  to  be  led  into  high 
prices,  ill-considered  purchases  and  hasty  buy- 
ing. It  is  confidently  believed  that  all  these 
pitfalls  have  been  avoided  in  our  book  buy- 
ing. .  .  The  subjects  to  be  incorporated  in  the 
new  State  Library  have  been  definitely  de- 


274 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


termined ;  and  this  program  has  been  rigidly 
adhered  to,  even  to  the  point  of  rejecting 
books  offered  as  gifts  to  the  library,  refusing 
to  consider  books  in  subjects  not  within  our 
field  offered  at  very  low  prices,  and  in  some 
cases  even  throwing  out  of  the  library  books 
which  were  saved  from  the  fire,  but  which  no 
longer  come  within  its  scope. 

"In  addition  to  books  received  by  purchase, 
they  have  come  into  the  new  library  from  two 
other  sources:  from  the  large  stock  of  dupli- 
cates saved  from  the  fire  and  by  gift  and  ex- 
change. Thousands  of  duplicates,  the  exact 
number  impossible  to  estimate,  which  were 
stored  in  quarters  in  the  Capitol  out  of  reach 
of  the  fire  and  in  other  buildings  in  Albany 
have  been  systematically  sorted,  and  from 
these  there  have  been  selected  the  items 
needed  for  the  new  library.  The  remainder 
have  been  repacked  and  stored,  constituting  a 
new  duplicate  collection,  which  will  be  avail- 
able when  it  can  be  again  unpacked  and  classi- 
fied, to  repay  the  large  debt  the  library  owes 
to  other  libraries  all  over  the  country  for 
courtesies  received  in  the  way  of  exchange 
and  gift.  Soon  after  the  fire  very  practical 
offers  of  assistance  began  to  come  from  sister 
libraries,  educational  institutions  and  learned 
societies  all  over  the  world.  In  addition  to 
sets  of  their  own  publications,  the  suggestion 
was  frequently  made  that  among  their  mis- 
cellaneous duplicates  there  might  be  some  of 
value  to  us.  After  our  own  duplicates  had 
been  examined  and  listed  it  was  decided  to 
take  advantage  of  these  offers.  The  library 
has  therefore  sent  its  personal  representatives 
to  Chicago,  Grand  Rapids,  Boston  and  a  half- 
dozen  other  New  England  cities,  Washington, 
Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  Annapolis,  Richmond, 
Princeton  and  Pittsburgh,  who  visited  the 
leading  libraries  in  these  cities.  The  results 
of  such  a  canvass  cannot  be  measured  in  vol- 
umes received  nor  even  in  the  fine  quality  of 
sympathy  everywhere  shown.  It  shows  clear- 
ly that  certain  classes  of  books  can  be  had  in 
this  way  that  are  not  obtainable  through  the 
organized  book  trade.  It  shows  the  possi- 
bility of  thus  obtaining  many  rare  and  out-of- 
print  books  at  from  one-half  to  one-third  the 
ruling  trade  and  auction  prices. 

"Since  the  fire,  the  library  has  received  by 
gift  and  on  exchange  account: 

Bound  volumes 61,794 

Pamphlets H3»811 

Maps,    charts,    photographs,    etc i>349 

Miscellaneous    items,     including     manuscripts, 

blanks,    forms,    notes    and   samples 37i49o 

Total 214,450 

There  were  at  the  time  of  the  report 
between  100  and  150  unopened  cases. 

In  the  cataloging  and  classification  of  these 
large  purchases  and  gifts,  the  library  will, 
probably,  be  in  arrears  for  years  to  come. 
Until  September,  1912,  the  work  of  recon- 
struction was  done  in  temporary  quarters. 
"At  one  time  our  book  purchases  were  stored 
m  twelve  different  places  in  Albany,  while 


many  dealers  and  individuals  were  holding 
other  books  for  us  until  we  should  have  safe 
storage  room  available.  Happily,  more  than 
half  of  our  material  has  now  been  brought 
under  the  roof  of  our  new  home,  and  the  rest 
will  follow  before  January,  1913.  Work  in 
these  temporary  quarters  was/  of  course,  done 
at  great  sacrifice  of  efficiency.  Not  only  was 
the  staff  separated,  but  the  quarters  occupied 
were  in  no  cases  designed  for  library  work. 
The  very  lifting,  carrying  and  moving  about 
of  books  and  furniture  involved  an  enormous 
waste  of  time  and  labor.  Several  long  and 
severe  illnesses  are  directly  traceable  to  the 
bad  conditions  under  which  it  was  necessary 
to  work.  All  of  this,  however,  is  past,  and 
for  a  month  the  entire  library  staff  and  most 
of  its  collections  have  been  installed  in  the 
Education  Building.  The  law  and  legislative 
reading  rooms  are  again  open  to  the  public. 
The  law  library  opens  with  complete  sets  of 
all  federal  and  state  reports  and  side  reports, 
with  a  complete  set  of  the  West  reporting 
system,  with  the  latest  compilation  of  the 
statutes  of  every  state  and  the  annual  or  bi- 
ennial volumes  of  session  laws  to  date,  with 
an  unusual  and  nearly  complete  collection  of 
text-books,  legal  periodicals,  miscellaneous 
legal  literature,  and  with  extensive  and  un- 
usual collections  of  English,  Irish,  Scottish 
and  Canadian  reports.  The  working  attorney 
will  find  the  law  library  as  complete  and  ser- 
viceable for  ordinary  demands  as  before  the 
fire.  It  is  only  the  unusual  reader,  the  special 
student  in  restricted  lines  who  cannot  be  al- 
ways as  well  served  as  of  old.  In  the  legis- 
lative library  will  be  found,  in  addition  to  an 
extensive  collection  of  material  relating  to 
subjects  of  legislation,  the  public  documents 
of  the  United  States  government  and  of  all 
the  states,  the  journals,  proceedings  and  de- 
bates of  Congress  and  the  official  publications 
of  all  American  cities  with  over  25,000  popu- 
lation. 

"The  general  reading  room,  the  periodical 
room,  and  the  medical  library  will  be  opened 
to  the  public  about  the  first  of  the  year.  In 
connection  with  the  general  reference  room, 
a  new  line  of  work  will  be  undertaken  by  the 
State  Library  of  particular  interest  to  schools 
and  colleges  in  New  York  state,  a  line  of 
work  which  the  library  frankly  acknowledges 
that  in  the  past  it  has  not  met  completely 
and  with  justice.  This  is  the  demand  upon 
it  from  secondary  schools  and  small  colleges 
for  help  and  material  in  debate  work.  More 
and  more  attention  is  being  paid  to  organized 
debating.  Interscholastic  and  intercollegiate 
leagues  exist;  special  instructors  are  engaged 
and  regular  credit  given  for  work  of  this 
kind.  .  .  The  State  Library  now  proposes  to 
maintain  a  special  collection,  embracing  the 
principal  references  on  all  questions  that  are 
prominent  for  current  use  in  debate  work. 
By  means  of  these  special  collections,  its  trav- 
eling libraries,  its  use  of  all  schools  and  other 
libraries  as  branches,  it  proposes  to  render  all 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


possible    assistance    to    schools    doing    debate 


"The  work  of  translation  of  Dutch  records 
has  been  resumed  since  Nov.  1,  1911.  Mr. 
Van  Laer  had  finished  the  translation  of  the 
first  volume,  which,  with  the  original,  was  the 
only  one  of  the  twenty-three  volumes  of 
Dutch  records  that  perished  in  the  fire."  An 
imperfect  translation  exists,  however,  from 
which  a  tolerable  version  will  be  made.  It  is 
not  planned  to  print  any  of  these  volumes  till 
the  first  four  are  ready. 

The  library  indexed  the  New  York  laws 
for  1912  as  usual,  but  the  manuscript  for  the 
annual  index  tc  legislation,  covering  all  states, 
for  the  year  1909-10,  was  destroyed  in  the 
fire.  A  gap  of  two  years  is  yet  unprovided 
for,  but  the  books  necessary  for  this  work  are 
now  available  again,  and  it  will  probably  be 
clone  during  1913-14. 

With  regard  to  the  scope  of  the  new  State 
Library,  as  reconstructed,  the  director  says, 
in  the  1911  report,  that  it  is  not  to  be  a  great 
general  library,  but  a  "great  reference  library, 
zealously  specializing  in  certain  subjects.  .  . 
The  immediate,  definite  constituency  of  the 
library  is,  of  course,  the  legislature,  the  courts 
and  the  departments  of  the  state  government, 
with  their  employees,"  and  the  usage  and  vol- 
ume of  the  official  demands  is  steadily  be- 
coming broader  and  steadier.  "A  remoter,  but 
possibly  an  even  more  important,  constituency 
of  the  library  is  developing  in  every  part  of 
the  state.  Every  school,  every  library  and  all 
of  the  cultural,  commercial,  professional  and 
industrial  activities  in  the  state  are  depending 
upon  and  becoming,  in  effect,  branches  of  the 
State  Library,"  anc'  for  the  benefit  of  the 
whole  state  the  following  special  collections 
will  be  developed  :  General  reference  books 
and  bibliography  will  be  broadly  interpreted. 
Law  will  cover  the  American,  British  and 
colonial  fields,  with  a  good  collection  of  for- 
eign statute  law  and  legal  literature.  Medical 
literature  will  include,  besides  a  working  li- 
brary of  medicine,  works  on  the  history  and 
development  of  the  medical  sciences  and  the 
lives  of  famous  physicians.  History  will  have 
particular  emphasis  on  Americana  and  New 
York  state.  Educational  theory  and  practice 
will  be  as  complete  as  possible  ;  on  all  ques- 
tions of  social  science  that  are  the  subjects  of 
state  regulation  or  control  —  such  as  Elections, 
Suffrage,  Labor,  Taxation,  Municipal  govern- 
ment, etc.  —  no  pains  will  be  spared  to  build 
up  notable  collections.  Technology  and  en- 
gineering will  notice  topics  in  which  the  state 
is  engaged,  and  Science  will  include  beyond 
the  fundamental  reference  material  only  such 
special  subjects  as  will  be  necessary  for  agen- 
cies of  the  state  doing  scientific  work.  Manu- 
scripts will  include,  besides  the  manuscript 
archives,  all  important  private  manuscripts 
that  can  be  obtained  relating  to  the  history 
of  the  state  and  the  lives  of  its  public  men. 
As  complete  a  set  as  possible  of  government 
documents,  in  both  the  collected  and  depart- 


mental editions,  and  of  all  the  publications  of 
the  different  states,  will  be  collected,  as  well 
as  the  documents  of  every  American  city  of 
over  25,000  population,  and  those  of  every 
county,  city  and  incorporated  village  in  New 
York. 


"AMERICAN    LIBRARIES    AND    THE 
INVESTIGATOR" 

IN  the  North  American  Review  for  March, 
Herbert  Putnam,  Librarian  of  Congress,  dis- 
cusses the  relations  of  American  libraries  to 
the  scholarly  investigator,  and  his  claims  as 
distinguished  from  those  of  "the  general 
reader."  The  general  reader,  says  Mr.  Put- 
nam, is  not  engaged  in  such  labors  as  the 
comparison  of  texts,  and  therefore  usually 
needs  only  ordinary  editions ;  and  in  the  liter- 
ature of  knowledge,  his  need  is  rather  for 
clear  exposition  than  original  sources.  Dur- 
ing the  last  half  century,  what  have  our  libra- 
ries done  for  the  scholar,  the  investigator? 
he  asks.  What  resources  has  the  American 
scholar  at  command  without  a  trip  abroad? 

"A  recent  publication  of  the  Bureau  of 
Education  helps  to  answer  this  question.  It 
is  a  list,  grouped  by  subject,  of  the  'special 
collections'  in  the  libraries  of  the  United 
States.  It  offers  thus  a  conspectus  of  the 
literature  available  here  to  one  pursuing  re- 
search in  any  one  of  the  numerous  fields  of 
knowledge.  It  is  based  not  on  an  examina- 
tion of  the  libraries,  but  on  reports  from  the 
authorities  in  charge  of  them.  It  is  thus 
necessarily  defective;  for  even  assuming  the 
response  to  have  been  painstaking,  it  will,  in 
the  case  of  the  larger  research  libraries,  limit 
its  specifications  to  the  groups  which  stand 
put  from  the  general  collection,  assuming  that 
if  the  latter  is  not  already  familiar,  it  is,  at 
any  rate,  top  large  and  too  diversified  to  be 
described  within  the  compass  of  such  a  re- 
port. Yet  it  may  be  this  very  general  collec- 
tion whose  strength  is  important,  for  it  will 
be  the  one  which  will  be  apt  to  contain  that 
vast  body  of  miscellanea,  touching  every  de- 
partment of  knowledge,  which  is  the  fiber  and 
backbone  of  a  good  'working  library/ 

"The  'special  collections'  reported  will,  on 
the  other  hand,  be  apt  to  be  merely  those 
which,  acquired  en  bloc,  by  gift  or  purchase 
and  referred  to  by  some  special  title,  or  the 
name  of  the  collector  or  of  the  donor.  Even 
thus  the  list  is  suggestive. 

"The  two  features  which  first  strike  the 
attention  are  the  geographical  location  of 
the  research  material  in  general,  and  the  lack 
of  concentration  in  any  particular  institution 
of  the  material  in  a  particular  field  which 
might  result  from  its  situation,  its  constit- 
uency, or  the  specialization  of  its  collections 
under  some  general  agreement." 

For  the  two-thirds  of  our  population  west 
of  the  Alleghenies,  there  are  only  forty  of 
the  institutions  listed,  and  ten  of  them  are 
in  Chicago  and  Evanston.  Apart  from 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


Chicago,  says  the  author,  "the  research  col- 
lections in  the  middle,  the  western  and  the 
southern  states  ajre  exceedingly  few,  cover 
but  sparse  areas  in  literature,  and  these,  if 
we  except  the  material  local  to  the  region, 
are  areas  of  little  importance  or  relevance 
to  any  distinctive  need."  These  are  locally 
useful  collections,  such  as  that  on  Australia 
at  Palo  Alto,  and  one  on  the  sources  of  Pa- 
cific coast  history  at  Berkeley;  but  collections 
on  the  French  Revolution  at  the  University 
of  California,  and  that  on  ichthyology  at 
Leland  Stanford,  for  example,  are  due  to 
personal  contacts  or  interests.  Theological 
libraries  are  as  scattered  as  the  denominations 
themselves,  and  in  science  there  is  little  of 
note  outside  of  Chicago. 

"The  purchases  for  a  university  library  are, 
as  a  rule,  determined  by  the  several  faculties. 
Naturally,  then,  the  emphasis  will  vary  ac- 
cording to  the  vigor  and  enterprise  of  the 
several  department  chiefs  for  the  time-being; 
but  with  also  a  recognition  of  the  fact  that  in 
certain  departments  the  library  itself  being 
the  laboratory,  and  the  books  necessary  ap- 
paratus, their  claims  are  entitled  to  prefer- 
ence. Particularly  will  this  be  true  in  history, 
in  literature  and  in  the  social  sciences.  Yet 
it  is  chiefly  in  the  classical  literatures  that 
special  collections  are  reported."  Many  of 
them  have  been  the  private  libraries  of  Ger- 
man professors. 

The  libraries  of  Chicago  of  especial  value 
to  the  research  student  are  the  University, 
the  Newberry  and  the  John  Crerar  libraries. 
The  latter  two,  endowed  and  having  divided 
the  field  between  them,  are  developed  along 
these  lines  :  the  Crerar  specializing  in  the  natural 
physical  and  social  sciences,  including  medi- 
cine, and  the  Newberry  in  history,  philosophy, 
arts  and  letters.  Philology  and  pure  science 
are  chiefly  left  to  the  University.  The  re- 
sources of  Chicago  are  "formidable";  still, 
they  are  concentrated  in  a  single  city,  and  at 
an  average  distance  of  perhaps  a  thousand 
miles  from  investigators  in  this  western  area. 

The  situation  east  of  the  Alleghenies  is  far 
more  favorable.  There  are  discrepancies,  of 
course,  for  which  the  main  centralization  is 
in  New  York;  some  of  the  most  highly  spe- 
cialized collections  are  scattered  elsewhere — 
for  example,  philology,  literature  and  Euro- 
pean history  at  Harvard;  certain  fields  of 
history  at  Cornell;  and  Oriental  literature  at 
New  Haven,  New  York,  Princeton,  Bruns- 
wick, Pniladelphia  and  Baltimore. 

The  relative  smallness  of  this  eastern  area 
suggests  the  question:  "How  far  is  this  near 
proximity  of  these  collections  inducing  a  sub- 
division of  the  field  of  literature,  which,  by 
concentrating  the  funds  of  a  particular  insti- 
tution or  group  of  institutions  upon  a  speci- 
fied subject,  shall  insure  the  greatest  possible 
aggregate  of  research  material  in  the  institu- 
tions as  a  whole?"  The  unsatisfactory  answer 
to  this  question  in  the  attempt,  on  the  part 
of  each  library,  for  an  independent  compre- 


hensiveness of  its  own,  Mr.  Putnam  lays 
partly  to  "an  inconsiderate  vanity,"  and  large- 
ly to  the  lack  thus  far  of  a  general  system 
of  interlibrary  loans.  Many  libraries,  as  Har- 
vard, already  carry  on  extensive  loans,  and 
the  practice  is  recognized  by  a  committee  of 
the  A.  L.  A.,  which  is  to  formulate  rules  and 
methods  for  such  loans.  "But  the  adoption 
of  a  general  system,  and  one  applicable  gen- 
erally to  all  classes  of  research  material,  finds 
in  this  group  of  libraries  two  obstacles :  one, 
the  fact  that  the  particular  book  desired  may 
be  part  of  a  collection  which,  by  the  terms 
of  some  gift  or  bequest,  cannot  'circulate' 
outside  of  the  institution;  the  other,  some  ad- 
ministrative rule  or  policy  which  regards  the 
utility  of  the  collection  as  proportioned  to  its 
completeness  on  the  shelves  for  the  reference 
use  of  a  resident  or  visiting  investigator. 
Every  one  of  the  large  research  libraries  of 
the  east  holds  collections  subject  to  one  or  the 
other  of  such  limitations."  This  is  the  policy 
of  the  British  Museum  and  of  the  John  Crerar 
at  Chicago.  "Its  result,  however,  is  to  tie  up 
within  narrow  areas  of  the  east  great  masses 
of  material  important  for  research." 

The  great  resource  of  the  investigator  in 
the  west  or  south,  therefore,  lies  in  the  gov- 
ernmental libraries  at  Washington.  "These, 
with  collections  subject  to  no  such  limitations, 
either  legal  or  the  result  of  administrative  pol- 
icy, have  also  an  apparent  duty  to  the  country 
as  a  whole,  since  they  are  federal  and  main- 
tained by  the  country  as  a  whole. 

"They  include  collections  comprehensive- 
certain  of  them  preeminent  —  in  particular 
fields  of  science — as  the  library  of  the  Geo- 
graphical Survey,  that  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture,  and  that  of  the  Surgeon-General's 
Office ;  and  also  the  Library  of  Congress, 
which,  while  deferring  to  the  specialties  of 
others,  undertakes  all  fields.  Of  these,  the 
library  of  the  Surgeon-General's  Office,  with 
its  incomparable  collection  in  medicine,  surg- 
ery and  hygiene,  instituted  years  ago  the  pol- 
icy of  liberal  loans  to  distant  inquirers ;  and 
there  is  no  one  of  them  that  would  refuse  a 
request  based  upon  a  serious  need. 

"With  the  Library  of  Congress,  the  policy 
of  loan  was  adopted  after  its  removal  to  the 
new  building,  and,  incidentally,  to  the  nation- 
alization of  its  service  there.  Its  disposition 
is  complete,  and  embraces  all  classes  of  ma- 
terial not  within  the  duty  of  a  local  institu- 
tion to  supply,  with  the  sole  reservation  of 
that  which  cannot  at  the  moment  be  spared 
from  Washington,  or  that  which,  from  its 
bulk  or  character,  cannot  be  risked  in  trans- 
portation. This  latter  does  not  exclude  from 
the  loans  material  that  is  costly,  rare  or  diffi- 
cult to  replace,  for  it  may  be  exactly  such 
that  will  be  most  needed  because  unavailable 
elsewhere."  To  an  investigator  in  any  part 
of  the  United  States  are  open  the  possibilities 
represented  by  two  million  books  and  pamph- 
lets and  nearly  a  million  other  items.  On 
the  matter  of  parcel  post,  which  affects  the 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


277 


.scholar  directly,  as  he  must  pay  transporta- 
tion, Mr.  Putnam  says:  "A  book,  or  at  least 
a  library,  post  which  would  favor  literature 
at  least  equally  with  the  ordinary  articles  of 
commerce,  is  so  obviously  just  that  the  de- 
mand for  it  ought  to  be  pressed  to  success. 
Certainly,  as  applied  to  interlibrary  loans,  it 
ought  to  meet  with  no  objection.  It  would 
not  give  undue  advantage  to  the  large  depart- 
ment store  in  the  great  center  doing  a  mail- 
order business  to  the  detriment  of  the  local 
dealer.  Its  purpose  would  not  be  commercial 
at  all,  but  educational  and  scientific,  and  to 
favor  it  would  be  quite  consistent  witk  the 
general  policy  of  the  mails. 

"Its  effect  in  evening  conditions  over  this 
huge  expanse  of  country  would  be  incalcu- 
lable. For  it  is  a  mistake  to  assume  that  im- 
portant research  is  carried  on  only  at  the  cen- 
ters of  population,  or  even  in  the  larger  aca- 
demic centers.  In  original  research  it  is  the 
man  who  counts.  And  in  the  smaller  com- 
munties,  especially,  of  course  in  the  smaller 
colleges  all  over  this  country,  there  are  men 
competent  for  it,  eager  to  undertake  it,  who 
are  handicapped  by  the  lack  of  material.  If 
it  require  a  laboratory,  the  lack  cannot  be 
made  good  from  elsewhere.  But  if  it  require 
merely  a  book  it  may  be,  and  if  it  can  be 
made  good  by  the  federal  government,  it 
ought  to  be.  For  the  loan  of  a  book  is  not  a 
subsidy  in  the  sense  that  it  takes  something 
substantial  from  other  people  for  his  benefit. 
His  use  draws  nothing  from  the  book  which 
does  not  still  remain  there;  and  his  use  con- 
cluded, the  book  returns  undiminished  in  its 
competence  to  render  a  similar  service  else- 
where. 

"It  does  return,  for  so  secure  is  transporta- 
tion to-day  that,  since  the  inauguration  of 
the  system,  not  a  single  item  has  been  lost  in 
transit.  Abroad,  a  similar  experience;  and 
in  Germany,  in  Italy,  and  elsewhere  masses 
of  material,  even  precious  and  unique  manu- 
scripts, are  sent  from  one  end  of  the  country 
to  another  without  demur  or  apprehension." 

The  Library  of  Congress  offers  exceptional 
opportunities  for  research  in  science,  history 
(American  manuscripts  and  reproductions  of 
foreign  ones),  sociology  and  certain  "unex- 
pected fields,"  such  as  Indology,  Scandinavian 
history  and  literature,  and  in  Russian  and 
Siberian  history,  institutions  and  literature 
unexcelled  outside  of  Russia. 

"Which  is  not  to  say,"  continues  Mr.  Put- 
nam, "that  recourse  to  it  could  now,  or  will 
ever,  exempt  an  investigator  (particularly  in 
history,  in  theology,  or  in  language  and  litera- 
ture) from  a  visit  to  the  research  libraries 
of  the  more  northern  east,  or  from  drafts 
upon  them. 

"The  more  reason,  then,  for  the  inaugura- 
tion among  them  of  a  policy  of  differentia- 
tion among  themselves  that  will  insure  the 
most  efficient  application  of  their  own  re- 
sources as  a  whole;  the  avoidance  on  the 
part  of  each  of  expenditure — either  for  ac- 


quisition or  for  administration — in  specialized 
material  either  unnecessary  for  its  immediate 
service  or  unnecessarily  duplicating  what  is 
already  or  might  be  made  sufficiently  avail- 
able elsewhere;  and  such  a  liberality  in  the 
treatment  of  it  as  shall  promote  research  in 
general  and  not  merely  that  of  the  immediate 
locality. 

"Included  in  this  treatment  should  be  not 
merely  the  actual  loan  of  particular  books, 
but  a  wide  dissemination  of  information  as 
to  the  contents  of  their  collections  that  may 
have  distinctive  value.  This  may  consist  of 
prompt  and  generous  response  to  any  partic- 
ular inquiry,  but  it  ought  to  include  a  per- 
manent exhibit  at  various  points  of  at  least 
portions  of  their  catalogs.  The  present 
system  of  card  catalog,  with  the  cards 
printed,  offers  opportunity  for  this.  It  en- 
ables the  Library  of  Congress,  for  instance,  to 
place  at  some  fifty  different  institutions  which 
are  centers  of  investigations  what  will  consti- 
tute such  a  complete  exhibit  of  its  printed 
books  and  pamphlets.  And  "union"  catalogs, 
consolidating  with  these  sets,  cards  which 
represent  distinctive  books  or  editions  not  in 
the  Library  of  Congress,  but  available  in  some 
other  collection,  ought  to  be  available  not 
merely  at  Boston,  at  New  York,  and  at  Chi- 
cago (where  to  some  extent  they  are  already 
in  process),  but  at  certain  other  places  as 
well. 

"Should  a  differentiation  in  these  fields  be 
attempted,  what  should  be  its  basis?  A  defi- 
nition universally  applicable  would  be  im- 
practicable, for  within  any  particular  area  it 
must  take  account  of  the  existing  ^  situa- 
tion; and  in  proportion  to  the  area  it  may 
have  to  be  modified.  .  .  .  Certain  general  prin- 
ciples may,  however,  be  posted,  among  them 
these : 

"i.  The  functions  of  the  particular  library 
should  be  considered,  its  local  constituency  or 
its  choice  of  constituency,  and  its  control  of 
its  own  development. 

"2.  A  library  already  preeminent  in  a  spe- 
cialty should  be  allowed  to  pursue  it  if  its 
resources  permit. 

"3.  If  research  in  any  given  subject  tends 
to  ramify  into  many  fields  of  literature,  the 
greatest  practicable  concentration  of  material 
in  a  few  main  centers  will  tend  to  conven- 
ience it." 


THE   LIBRARY   AND   THE  "MOVIES" 

THE  Queensborough  Library  system  has  been 
using  moving  picture  shows  as  advertising 
mediums  since  December,  1912.  The  librarian, 
Miss  Hume,  says : 

Our  idea  was  that  in  these  moving  picture 
shows  are  many  people  who  do  not  read ;  that 
if  we  could  present  the  library  to  them  in  a 
moment  of  pleasure  and  relaxation  the  idea 
would  be  favorably  received.  We  have  found 
this  to  be  true.  Our  librarians  visited  the 
moving  picture  show  managers  in  their  vicin- 


278 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May, 


ity  and  obtained  from  them  their  agreement 
to  exhibit  our  slides.  We  make  the  slides 
and  send  them  to  the  shows,  the  branch  libra- 
rians alternating  or  exchanging  the  slides  at 
their  discretion.  Every  slide  is  made  at  head- 
quarters, so  that  it  is  impossible  for  any  ob- 
jectionable or  weak  slide  to  be  exhibited. 

We  have  had  the  most  interesting  develop- 
ments from  this  work,  people  old  and  young 
coming  into  the  library  and  saying  they  came 
on  account  of  the  slides  seen  at  the  moving 
picture  shows. 

The  moving  picture  men  are  very  respon- 
sive and  glad  to  exhibit  our  signs.  In  a  good 
show  they  are  quite  in  order.  In  the  bad 
show  they  lend  a  tone  which  it  otherwise 
would  not  have — a  fact  thoroughly  appreciated 
by  the  managers — and  they  reach  the  very 
people  who  would  not  be  reached  in  other 
ways.  The  show  managers  notify  the  branch 
librarians  in  many  cases  when  they  are  ex- 
hibiting educational  films,  such  as  "As  you  like 
it,"  "Martin  Chuzzlewit,"  "Rip  Van  Winkle," 
and  shows  on  "radium,"  "liquid  air,"  geograph- 
ical subjects,  etc.  As  a  rule  when  these  shows 
are  running  the  library  has  the  books  in  evi- 
dence, but  this  is  only  a  very  minor  phase. 
The  slides  sent  include  catchy  and  striking 
sentences,  always  brief,  which  will  attract  peo- 
ple to  the  library,  and  short  lists  of  books  of 
not  more  than  three  or  four  titles,  sometimes 
all  on  one  -subject,  sometimes  on  widely  dif- 
ferent subjects,  attracting  the  workingman,, 
women,  children,  etc.  One  of  our  slides  is  a 
picture  of  a  story  hour  which  speaks  for  itself. 
In  the  neighborhood  of  the  Carnegie  libraries 
we  make  use  of  slides  showing  the  exterior 
view  of  the  library.  They  are  very  effective 
in  the  program. 

When  a  play  is  shown  of  which  the  man- 
ager notifies  the  library,  a  plate  is  sent  calling 
attention  to  books  on  the  subject,  as  "Why 
not  read  'Rip  Van  Winkle'  at  the  public  li- 
brary? It  is  free  to  all."  In  this  way  we  ad- 
vertise our  exhibits,  our  story  hours  (scarcely 
necessary),  our  new  books,  and  our  old  books. 

The  work  was  started  after  thorough  prep- 
aration. The  whole  matter  was  freely  dis- 
cussed in  staff  meetings.  A  list  of  all  moving 
picture  establishments  in  the  borough  was  pre- 
pared giving  their  addresses  and  the  name  of 
the  manager  or  proprietor  in  each  case.  The 
branch  librarians  were  authorized  and  directed 
to  interview  the  managers  of  shows  in  the 
neighborhood  of  their  branches  and  to  report 
their  opinions,  noting  the  attitude  of  the  man- 
agement, the  number  of  films  which  would  be 
shown,  and  the  frequency.  The  character  of 
each  establishment  was  commented  upon. 
Much  valuable  advice  was  obtained  from  the 
managers,  both  as  to  the  wording  of  the  films 
and  their  manufacture. 

Text  for  the  films  was  submitted  by  all  the 
branch  librarians  and  by  other  persons.  These 
were  most  valuable,  the  different  personalities 
revealing  themselves  in  characteristic  phrases, 
each  helpful  in  its  place.  These  were  care- 


fully considered,  amended,  grouped  and  ab- 
breviated, and  about  fifty  were  finally  ap- 
proved for  use  and  forwarded  to  the  Children's 
Department,  where  they  were  made  and  from 
whence  they  were  distributed  to  the  branches. 
The  slides  were  charged  to  each  branch  in  a 
manner  similar  to  the  ordinary  charging  of 
books  circulated. 

Materials  for  the  preparation  of  slides  was 
purchased  from  the  Acme  Film  Company,  of 
130  West  37th  street,  New  York  City.  The 
glass,  cut  in  sizes  ready  for  use,  cost  $2  per 
gross,  the  binding  tape  cost  90  cents  per  dozen 
packages,  each  package  containing  50  strips,, 
or  enough  for  50  slides.  A  slide  made  fromi  a 
photograph  costs  30  cents. 

The  slides  are  made  by  writing  the  text  in 
white  ink  on  the  glass,  leaving  a  good  margin 
on  all  four  sides.  When  dry  another  piece  of 
glass  is  laid  over  the  writing  and  the  two 
bound  together  with  the  black  paper  tape. 
This  is  necessary  to  prevent  the  effacement  of 
the  writing  and  to  protect  the  fingers  of  the 
operator. 

A  catalog  of  the  slides  was  made  on  cards,, 
each  one  numbered,  and  a  full  list  sent  to  each 
branch.  The  branch  librarian  thereupon  sent 
in  a  requisition  for  the  ones  selected  by  her  as 
most  useful  at  her  branch,  which  were  prompt- 
ly made  and  sent.  The  branch  librarian  then 
put  them  into  the  hands  of  the  manager,, 
closely  observing  his  wishes  wherever  pos- 
sible, the  one  fixed  rule  being  that  no  slides 
were  to  be  exhibited  excepting  those  approved 
by  the  chief  librarian. 

As  we  have  many  foreigners,  some  of  the 
slides  are  designed  for  their  information  and 
consist  of  statements  very  simply  made,  such 
as :  "There  are  Polish  books  at  the  library. 
Free  to  all."  And,  "It  is  very  easy  to  join  the 
library.  All  you  have  to  do  is  to  sign  your 
name  on  a  card."  The  managers  insisted  on 
our  emphasizing  the  fact  that  the  library  is 
"free."  We  have  also  used  very  freely  the 
phrase,  "Ask  the  librarian."  We  use  at  each 
place  one  slide,  giving  the  address  of  the 
branch,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Carnegie 
branches  slides  showing  views  of  the  library, 
exterior  and  interior. 

The  results  have  not  been  dramatic  nor 
phenomenal.  At  this  branch  and  at  that 
rough  boys  and  young  men  have  unexpectedly 
appeared  at  the  library,  sometimes  with  a 
grimy  old  card  of  membership,  oftener  with- 
out, saying:  "I  was  at  the  'movie'  show  and 
saw  something  about  the  library,  an'  I  thought 
I'd  come  back."  Many  foreigners  have  regis- 
tered after  seeing  the  slides  shown.  The  work 
was  begun  in  December,  and  the  circulation 
increases  in  January  reached  the  highest 
amount  in  the  history  of  the  library,  but  as 
January,  1912,  was  an  exceptionally  poor 
month,  for  certain  reasons,  we  do  not  attribute 
the  increase  wholly  to  the  work  with  the  mov- 
ing pictures.  Undoubtedly  this  had  helped, 
and  we  think  it  continues  to  help  in  spreading 
news  of  the  library  in  a  very  excellent  way. 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


279 


The  information  reaches  those  who  would 
neither  receive  nor  heed  it  through  the  press, 
the  only  place  where  they  would  be  apt  to 
find  it.  So  as  they  do  not  come  to  the  library 
they  do  not  know  anything  about  it,  and  when 
the  library  film  flashes  into  their  conscious- 
ness, the  knowledge  is  planted  deep  in  a  re- 
ceptive soil,  in  a  mind  intent  and  eager  to; 
grasp  what  is  coming,  and  the  impression  is 
made  before  they  can  defend  or  harden  them- 
selves against  it.  Also  it  comes  to  them  from 
their  own  side  of  the  wall,  right  in  the  very 
stronghold  of  their  play — and  in  a  sort  of 
silent  way  the  library  seems  to  have  the  sanc- 
tion of  their  world  when  thus  presented. 

The  managers  have  been  very  kind  and  re- 
sponsive. Their  keen  knowledge  of  the  best 
ways  of  presenting  matter  to  hold  the  atten- 
tion of  the  audience  is  used  with  our  work 
just  as  with  the  most  sensational  photo  play 
exhibited.  Our  idea  was  to  have  a  slide 
shown  every  day,  but  the  managers  will  not 
do  it.  They  say  that  would  bore  the  audience, 
so  they  use  the  films  with  better  judgment 
and  withdraw  them  when  the  audience  shows 
signs  of  divided  interest. 

Besides  the  regular  slides,  common  to  all 
the  branches,  every  branch  librarian  sends  up 
special  matter  as  the  occasion  arises,  to  ad- 
vertise special  events,  special  collections,  local 
exhibits,  etc.  The  slides  are  made  and  re- 
turned and  used  at  her  discretion. 

After  the  photo  plays  dramatizing  books,  a 
slide  is  often  shown:  "You  can  read  'Rip  Van 
Winkle'  at  the  library,"  or  "The  library  has 
this  book.  'Oliver  Twist.'  Free  to  all."  The 
managers  like  to  advertise  books  on  the  man- 
ufacture of  motion  pictures,  which  becomes 
very  popular  as  soon  as  the  slide  is  shown. 
When  "Sheridan's  ride"  was  shown  one  chil- 
dren's librarian  read  the  poem  three  times  on 
earnest  request  to  different  groups  of  children, 
the  room  crowded  each  time. 

The  managers  frequently  notify  the  library 
when  they  are  about  to  show  an  educational 
film.  On  one  occasion  the  branch  librarian 
told  a  teacher,  who  told  the  principal  of  the 
school,  with  the  result  that  he  took  over  200 
children  to  see  the  photo  play.  The  branch 
librarian  reported:  "They  were  much  pleased 
and  so  was  the  'movie  man'." 

Any  advertising  of  the  moving  picture 
shows  must  be  strictly  guarded  against.  The 
knowledge  of  the  plays  shown  enables  the 
library  to  gather  corresponding  material,  and 
to  be  prepared  for  the  demand  when  it  comes, 
but  the  supplying  of  the  books  demanded  in 
consequence  of  a  certain  show  must  be  wholly 
normal,  and  reference  to  the  show  cannot 
properly  be  made  by  the  library  at  present. 
If  a  show  should  keep  its  exhibits  at  a  high 
level,  its  work  might  justify  such  cooperation, 
and  it  might  pay  a  moving  picture  concern  to 
do  so  in  order  to  obtain  the  support  of  the 
library,  but  at  present  all  reference  to  the 
show  on  the  part  of  the  librarians  is  strictly 
prohibited. 


Some  of  the  slides  used  are  given  below : 

"Dear,  dear!  the  cake  didn't  rise!"  The 
cook  books  in  the  public  library  will  tell  you 
why.  Ask  the  librarian.  (Very  effective.) 

Read  the  magazines  at  the  public  library. 

Are  you  a  member  of  the  public  library? 
Books,  newspapers  and  magazines  for  all. 
Come  and  see. 

Why  not  do  some  systematic  reading  and 
accomplish  something  worth  while.  Books  on 
all  subjects  at  the  public  library. 

Use  the  library  for  reference  work.  You 
will  find  it  a  help  in  your  business.  Ask  the 
librarian. 

A  good  book  is  a  good  friend.  Make  such 
friends  at  the  public  library. 

If  you  cannot  travel  yourself,  why  not  read 
the  adventures  of  those  who  have?  What 
books?  Ask  the  librarian. 

The  public  library  will  lend  you  books  on 
the  subjects  you  are  interested  in.  Ask  the 
librarian. 

For  books  on  house  furnishing,  ask  the 
librarian.  The  library  is  free  to  all. 

Suggestion  for  Christmas  parties.  Ask  the 
librarian. 

Are  you  a  member  of  the  debating  society? 
You  will  find  material  on  your  subject  at  the 
public  library. 

Books  on  the  subject  of  this  lecture  may  be 
obtained  at  the  public  library,  corner  Onder- 
donk  avenue  and  Harmon  street. 

Books  for  business  men  at  the  public  li- 
brary. Ask  to  see  them. 

Have  you  read  the  life  of  Abraham  Lincoln  ? 
Borrow  it  from  Poppenhusen  Branch  Library. 

Amundsen's  "South  Pole"  has  just  been 
added  to  the  public  library. 

The  public  library  is  your  library.  Come 
and  get  the  books  you  need  to  help  you  in 
your  work. 

Are  you  a  member  of  the  public  library? 
Why  don't  you  join? 

The  public  library  is  the  working  man's 
college.  Use  it. 

They  have  story  hours  for  boys  and  girls 
at  the  public  library.  Have  you  ever  been  at 
one? 

Going  to  take  a  Civil  Service  examination? 
The  books  in  the  library  will  help  you  to 
qualify.  Ask  the  librarian. 

Study  your  business.  Do  you  want  to  in- 
crease your  earning  power?  Get  books  from 
the  public  library. 

There  are  Polish  books  at  the  public  library. 
Ask  the  librarian. 

What  is  your  hobby?  Get  books  about  it 
at  the  public  library. 

Ask  the  librarian  for  Talbot's  "Moving  pic- 
tures." It  tells  you'  how  they  are  made. 

Everyone  has  an  opportunity  to  increase  his 
knowledge.  Join  the  public  library. 

Furnish  your  house  in  good  taste.  The  li- 
brary will  tell  you  what  to  buy. 


280 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


THE   TRANSFORMATION    OF   THE 
HARVARD    UNIVERSITY    LI- 
BRARY   CATALOG 

IN  the  Harvard  Library  report  for  1911-12, 
Mr.  Lane  details  the  method  by  which  the 
new  catalog  is  rapidly  becoming  a  reality.  The 
principal  feature  of  the  change  has  been  the 
replacing  of  the  old  written  "half-size"  cards 
by  printed  cards  of  the  standard  7^2  x  i2l/2 
cm.  size. 

'The  record  shows  46,889  titles  replaced 
up  to  July  i,  1912,  but  in  addition  to  these, 
there  have  been  some  25,000  titles  replaced 
as  to  their  author  cards  only  and  not  yet 
completed.  .  .  That  so  much  has  been  accom- 
plished, and  that  the  whole  was  practically 
finished  by  the  end  of  October,  1912,  is  cause 
for  congratulation,  for,  though  the  process  at 
first  sight  seems  a  simple  one,  it  really  in- 
volves a  vast  amount  of  troublesome  detail, 
for  it  includes  a  partial  revision  of  subject 
headings,  the  verification  of  references,  the 
indication  on  the  card  found  in  the  union 
catalog  of  all  references  and  added  entries 
to  be  made,  the  ordering  of  extra  cards  for 
each  title  from  the  Library  of  Congress  or 
the  John  Crerar  Library,  the  typing  of  head- 
ings, references  and  shelf-marks  on  these 
cards  when  received,  the  revision  of  the  com- 
pleted cards,  and  their  final  filing  in  the  cata- 
log in  place  of  the  old  ones,  which  have  at 
the  same  time  to  be  watched  for  and  with- 
drawn." 

The  mere  mechanical  side  of  the  process, 
the  filing  of  more  than  900,000  cards,  installa- 
tion of  new  catalog  trays,  celluloided  guides 
and  tab  guides  for  the  classed  portion  of  the 
subject  catalog  has  been  no  small  feat. 

Mr.  Currier  has  been  giving  some  attention 
to  the  revision  of  the  subject  catalog,  and  has 
regrouped  old  material  under  new  heads,  such 
as  Accounting,  Cities,  Economics,  Genealogy, 
Libraries,  Literature,  River  Engineering,  and 
Tariff.  One  of  the  changes  made,  the  exclu- 
sion of  old  and  "extremely  technical"  mate- 
rial, is  somewhat  revolutionary.  Of  this  he 
says: 

"For  more  than  a  year  the  staff  has  been 
applying  the  instructions  issued  in  1911  modi- 
fying the  classed  catalog.  The  changes  from 
previous  practice  are  of  two  varieties.  First, 
certain  classes  of  cards  have  been  rejected 
in  entirety,  as  the  so-called  'form'  classifica- 
tions, Miscellany,  Poetry,  Fiction  and  Drama, 
and  the  groups  of  biographies  of  individuals 
under  headings  like  Chemistry,  Manufactures, 
and  Military  Biography.  Second,  from  other 
classes  certain  individual  titles  have  been  ex- 
cluded, as  the  titles  of  text-books  and  general 
treatises  on  Agriculture,  Botany,  Economics. 
Ethics,  Geology,  etc.,  if  published  before  1860, 
and  books  in  lesser-known  languages  and  ex- 
tremely technical  treatises.  The  system  out- 
lined assumes  that  the  function  of  the  subject 
catalog  is  not  to  present  exhaustively  the  re- 
sources of  the  library  to  the  specialist  gather- 


ing materials  for  his  researches,  but  rather  to 
assist  the  beginner  and  the  student  who  is 
working  outside  of  his  own  particular  field. 
The  catalog  must  often  merely  give  the  clue 
to  further  material,  rather  than  present  the 
material  itself. 

"Does  this  system  impair  the  efficiency  of 
the  catalog,  and  is  it  to  be  looked  on  as  our 
preferred  policy  or  simply  as  an  expedient 
due  to  lack  of  resources?  When  carried  on 
with  proper  judgment,  I  believe  it  is  advisable 
for  a  large  university  library  like  our  own. 
As  interest  centers  from  time  to  time  in  dif- 
ferent fields  of  study,  systematic  effort  is 
usually  made  by  each  department  of  the  uni- 
versity to  acquire  the  worthy  literature  relat- 
ing to  its  chosen  subject,  and  frequently, 
where  good  bibliographies  are  lacking,  their 
place  is  supplied  by  new  ones  compiled  by 
the  department  concerned.  As  instances,  it 
is  only  necessary  to  cite  the  work  along  these 
lines  now  being  done  by  the  department  of 
history,  government  and  economics  and  the 
department  of  landscape  architecture.  Prac- 
tically all  the  material  referred  to  in  the  bib- 
liographies being  compiled  by  these  depart- 
ments will  be  available  in  Cambridge  and 
Boston,  and  so  they  will  supplant  the  subject 
catalog.  Furthermore,  they  will  usually  con- 
tain references  to  the  periodical  literature  and 
to  papers  in  society  proceedings,  and  so  will 
be  infinitely  more  complete  than  our  subject 
catalog  can  hope  to  be.  The  man  investigating 
a  given  subject  carefully  will  thus  be  better 
served  by  making  use  of  these  special  bibliog- 
raphies than  by  the  more  imperfect  survey 
that  we  should  be  able  to  give  him  in  our 
subject  catalog.  The  beginner,  on  the  other 
hand,  and  the  student  led  into  fields  outside 
his  own  domain,  very  frequently  need  to  find 
speedily  good  material  on  a  definite  topic. 
There  may  be  several  books  any  one  of  which 
would  supply  the  information  or  show  where 
it  could  be  obtained,  or  else  there  may  be  one 
master  work,  unknown  to  the  questioner. 
Even  if  there  were  good  and  up-to-date  bib- 
liographies covering  the  field,  it  would  be  ask- 
ing too  much  of  these  students  to  spend  time 
in  searching  them  out  as  an  intermediary  step 
in  finding  the  desired  information,  and  it 
would  take  too  much  of  a  reference  libra- 
rian's time  to  point  to  them.  Here  is  where 
the  subject  catalog  can  give  efficient  aid,  since 
it  can  show  speedily  the  more  important 
sources  of  information  and  the  books  which 
should  be  consulted  first.  This  use  of  the 
catalog  implies  that  its  function  is  to  answer 
specific  questions,  rather  than  to  give  a  survey 
of  the  whole  field  of  study." 

The  final  form  of  the  Harvard  subject  cata- 
log is  not  yet  fully  decided  upon.  Mr.  Cur- 
rier outlines  the  objectionable  features  in  the 
present  system  and  the  features  to  be  de- 
sired in  the  completed  catalog. 

"First  and  foremost  is  the  prejudice  current 
against  the  classed  catalog  and  the  real  ob- 
jection that  one  is  forced  to  consult  it  through 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


28l 


the  medium  of  an  index.  Second,  the  diffi- 
culty of  defining  to  the  public  and  (to  a  less 
degree)  to  the  staff  just  what  should  be 
looked  for  in  each  of  the  three  sections  of 
the  catalog  now  in  existence.  We  call  one  an 
'author'  catalog,  but  have  to  explain  further 
that  it  contains  not  only  books  by  authors, 
but  also  books  about  authors,  books  about 
persons  not  authors,  titles  of  books  and  peri- 
odicals, books  about  certain  societies  and  in- 
stitutions (the  staff  even  does  not  know  pre- 
cisely to  what  extent),  the  publications  of 
societies  and  institutions,  and  of  governments 
and  cities.  We  call  our  second  the  'place' 
catalog,  but  we  have  to  explain  that  it  con- 
tains also  books  about  races  and  peoples,  and 
that  it  by  no  means  contains  anywhere  near 
all  the  material  about  places.  Thus  the  laws 
of  a  place  are  in  the  author  catalog,  as  are 
the  government  publications,  and  those  of  the 
societies  and  institutions  of  a  place,  while  in 
the  classed  section  of  the  subject  catalog  are 
thousands  of  titles  relating  to  the  natural  his- 
tory of  places  and  their  government,  antiqui- 
ties, law,  literatures,  wars,  battles,  etc." 

Mr.  Currier's  observations  upon  the  con- 
tinuing rapprochement  of  the  dictionary  and 
classed  types  of  catalog  are  interesting: 

'The  terms  'dictionary  catalog*  and  'classed 
catalog'  are  frequently  used  as  if  each  rep- 
resented a  hard  and  fast  type.  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  in  practice  the  original  type  of  each 
has  been  much  altered  in  the  large  libraries, 
and  we  find  the  two  approaching  each  other 
more  and  more.  The  Harvard  classed  catalog 
partakes  of  the  dictionary  character  in  so  far 
as  its  classes  (and  under  the  classes  the  sub- 
classes) are  alphabetically  arranged.  Yale 
started  with  a  subject  catalog  which  was  the 
counterpart  of  Dr.  Abbot's  Harvard  catalog. 
That  library,  however,  did  not  possess  the 
'Index'  which  at  Harvard  makes  the  classed 
catalog  usable  and  has  crystallized  it  into  a 
fixed  form.  The  result  was  at  Yale  the  in- 
troduction of  many  main  headings  (they  grew 
from  100  to  nearly  1200),  thus  paving  the 
way  for  the  final  change  to  'dictionary*  form 
a  few  years  ago.  In  their  dictionary  catalogs, 
the  Library  of  Congress  at  Washington  and 
the  Boston  Public  Library  have  gradually  in- 
troduced many  features  of  the  classed  catalog 
in  response  to  the  observed  demands  of  read- 
ers, while  the  New  York  Public  Library,  in 
its  great  dictionary  catalog,  has  done  it  even 
more  frankly ;  thus  the  tray  labeled  'Electric- 
ity' contains  practically  what  is  in  our  classed 
catalog  under  that  heading. 

"The  John  Crerar  Library  has  both  classed 
and  dictionary  features  existing  side  by  side. 
That  this  library  considers  it  worth  while  to 
go  to  the  expense  of  developing  this  double 
catalog  again  shows  a  recognized  demand  for 
the  classed  feature,  as  does  the  fact  that  the 
Library  of  Congress  has  of  late  years  built 
up  a  number  of  supplementary  classed  cata- 
logs. In  short,  the  ideal  would  undoubtedly 


be  a  classed  and  a  dictionary  catalog  side  by 
side,  but  this  could  not  now  be  thought  of 
for  Harvard,  because  of  its  cost. 

"I  believe  there  would  be  decided  advan- 
tages if  we  should  eventually  adopt  for  our 
own  catalogs  a  plan  somewhat  like  that  of 
the  New  York  Public  Library,  i.  e.,  outwardly 
'dictionary'  in  form,  but  containing  many 
well-developed  classes;  the  specific  topics  so 
arranged  under  class  headings  being  referred 
to  by  card  references  filed  in  their  proper 
alphabetic  sequence  in  the  same  catalog,  thus 
replacing  the  printed  'Index  to  the  Subj. 
Catal.'  The  advantages  of  such  a  catalog  are 
numerous : 

"i.  It  presents  in  outward  form  a  catalog- 
similar  to  the  dictionary  catalogs  prevalent  in 
this  country,  so  that  the  student  coming  here 
for  a  longer  or  shorter  stay  finds  a  familiar 
tool  to  use. 

"2.  It  solves  the  problem  of  the  'Index  to 
the  Subject  Catalog'  (which  must  soon  be  re- 
printed if  the  present  system  is  continued), 
for  card  references  to  individual  topics  can  be 
inserted  in  their  alphabetic  position  in  the 
consolidated  catalog. 

"3.  It  would  probably  be  easier  for  the  staff 
to  handle  than  our  present  classed  catalog, 
because  of  greater  latitude  in  assigning  head- 
ings, though  it  is  difficult  to  maintain  an  ade- 
quate system  of  cross  references. 

"4.  It  would  do  away  with  the  obstacles  in- 
herent in  the  presence  of  three  separate  alpha- 
bets, with  the  attendant  difficulties  of  making 
clear  the  exact  scope  of  each. 

"5.  The  advantages  of  having  certain  titles 
presented  in  classes  would  be  retained ;  thus 
Electricity,  Typography,  Cities,  Tariff  and 
many  other  headings  would  remain  as  at  pres- 
ent. Certain  of  the  present  larger  groups 
would  be  broken  up.  Thus  the  major  lan- 
guages and  literatures,  now  arranged  as  sub- 
classes under  the  main  headings — Language 
and  Literature — could  be  arranged  alphabet- 
ically, e.  g.,  African  Languages,  with  sub- 
divisions for  each  language  and  references  to 
each  from  the  proper  places  in  the  main 
alphabet." 

LIBRARY   WORK   IN    ONTARIO 

THE  report  for  1912  of  the  Inspector  of 
Public  Libraries  tells  of  remarkable  progress 
in  the  province  of  Ontario.  The  "forward 
policy"  under  the  public  libraries  act  has  been 
carried  on  with  surprising  success.  This  re- 
sult is,  without  doubt,  says  the  inspector,  the 
cumulative  outcome  of  the  joint  efforts  of  the 
Ontario  Library  Association  and  the  inspec- 
tor's office.  To  extensive  correspondence  and 
library  institutes  much  of  the  progress  is  due, 
under  the  liberal  policy  of  the  minister  and 
the  legislature.  The  cataloger  has  done  much 
work  through  the  province,  and  a  successful 
session  of  the  Summer  Library  School  was 
held.  The  annual  meeting  of  the  A.  L.  A.  at 


282 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


Ottawa,  last  summer,  was  "a  red-letter  week 
in  the  library  annals  of  Canada." 

"The  process  of  weeding  out  the  moribund 
libraries  is  practically  completed.  The  libra- 
ries that  cannot  hope  to  qualify  under  the 
act  are  being  closed.  Many  of  these,  however, 
that  were  removed  from  the  active  list  have 
caught  the  prevailing  contagion  and  are  reor- 
ganizing under  improved  auspices  and  in 
compliance  with  the  law.  Six  new  libraries 
have  been  opened  in  sections  not  hitherto 
served,"  and  several  fine  buildings  have  been 
built  by  Mr.  Carnegie. 

"Of  the  91  libraries  taken  off  the  list  between 
the  years  1905  and  1910,  inclusive,  eleven  were 
allowed  to  transfer  their  books  to  other  libra- 
ries or  schools.  .  .  It  is  worthy  of  note,  and 
an  indication  of  the  new  birth  as  regards  the 
growth  of  the  'library  idea/  that  many  of 
these  long-since  dead  libraries  are  keen  for 
reorganization." 

The  figures  for  1911  give  for  136  free  libra- 
ries an  income  of  $330,926.22,  and  an  expen- 
diture of  $283,699.59.  They  report  164,196 
readers,  955,727  volumes  and  a  circulation  of 
3,199,202.  Association  libraries  to  the  num- 
ber of  228  had  receipts  of  $47,204.59,  with 
expenditures  of  $36,754.94.  They  have  21,673 
members,  446,556  volumes  and  a  circulation 
of  587,898.  The  legislative  grant  for  asso- 
ciation libraries  in  1912  was  $10,051.55,  and 
for  free  libraries  $18,150.89,  a  total  grant  of 
$28,202.44. 

"The  province  of  Ontario,"  says  Mr.  Nur- 
sey,  "contributes  more  in  hard  cash  to  the 
promotion  of  library  work,  having  due  regard 
to  area  and  population,  than  does  any  state  of 
the  United  States  to-day.  While  the  maxi- 
mum grant  to  any  library  in  New  York  state 
is  $100,  the  maximum  in  Ontario  is  $260. 
While  New  York  state  has  but  one  library  for 
every  25,000  of  its  population,  Ontario  pro- 
vides a  library  for  every  7000  of  its  people. 
England  has  but  one  rate-supported  library 
for  every  200,000  of  its  population."  There 
are  now  about  14,000  books  in  the  243  travel- 
ing libraries,  and  the  province  now  leads  20 
of  the  29  states  on  the  continent  that  have 
adopted  the  traveling  library  system. 


REALLY  "NEW"   BOOKS? 

THE  librarian  of  one  of  the  branches  in 
Baltimore  has  not  seen  the  increase  in  circu- 
lation she  had  hoped  for,  and  investigated  the 
causes  to  some  effect,  as  follows: 

"We  have  found  several  causes  for  the 
failure  of  the  circulation  to  increase.  The 
first  is  the  magazine  habit,  which  seems  to 
be  a  sort  of  mental  dyspepsia  which  is  afflict- 
ing people.  Happening  to  meet,  lately,  one  of 
our  former  patrons,  who  used  to  get  a  num- 
ber of  books  from  us,  I  inquired  why  we  did 
not  see  her  as  we  used  to.  She  said,  'I  sub- 


scribe to  magazines  now,  and  I  don't  have 
time  to  read  books,'  and,  upon  further  inves- 
tigation, I  found  that  such  is  the  case  with 
several  former  borrowers. 

"The  second  cause  is  the  book  clubs.  See- 
ing, not  long  since,  one  of  the  ladies  who  had 
not  been  to  the  library  for  some  time,  I 
asked  whether  she  had  been  sick.  'No,'  she 
said,  'I  belong  to  a  book  club,  and  each  month 
we  buy  one  of  the  latest  books  published,  and, 
at  the  end  of  the  year,  each  of  us  is  given 
a  book.'  This  brings  up  a  phase  of  public 
taste  that  I  have  noticed  for  some  time — the 
change  in  the  standard  of  the  newness  of 
books.  Not  so  many  years  ago,  a  book  that 
was  a  year  old  was  considered  fairly  new; 
but  now  the  public  demand  a  book  fresh  from, 
the  author's  pen,  and  with  the  printer's  ink 
scarcely  dry  upon  it." 

SCHOOL   LIBRARIES    IN    MINNESOTA 

As  the  schools  in  Minnesota  have  been  re- 
quired to  expend  an  amount  equal  to  that 
given  by  the  state,  and  annual  addition  of 
books  to  the  library  has  been  made  a  require- 
ment for  state  aid,  a  larger  number  of  books 
have  accumulated  in  the  school  libraries.  The 
supervisor  of  school  libraries,  in  her  report 
to  the  Department  of  Public  Instruction, 
states  that  there  are  1,422,628  books  in  the 
school  libraries,  to  600,000  in  the  public  li- 
braries. The  school  libraries,  too,  are  not 
largely  centered  in  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and 
Duluth,  as  are  the  public  libraries,  but  have 
the  wide  field  of  the  rural  communities  of 
the  state. 

School  libraries  have  been  regularly  super- 
vised since  August,  1911,  and  addresses  made 
to  teachers  in  thirteen  counties,  seven  train- 
ing schools,  etc.  Statistics  collected  as  to 
high  schools  show  an  average  of  1000-2000 
books;  one  has  10,000.  Accessions  run  from 
10  to  750.  Twenty-two  have  librarians,  most 
giving  only  part  of  time.  In  17,  the  principal 
gives  service,  in  96  teachers,  in  18  students. 
Eighteen  schools  have  reference  collections, 
58  cooperate  with  the  public  library,  41  serve 
as  public  libraries  in  the  absence  of  others. 
Better  organization  is  needed.  The  five  nor- 
mal schools  have  from  6000  to  13,000  books ; 
total,  48,000.  Restricted  library  courses  have 
been  given  at  Duluth,  Mankato  and  Moor- 
head.  The  university  school  and  College  of 
Agriculture  has  17,000  books,  50,000  pamph- 
lets and  3000  magazines,  and  gives  library 
courses.  The  Crookston  and  Morris  schools 
of  agriculture  are  amassing  collections.  An 
exhibit  of  school  library  aids  was  shown  at 
Minneapolis  during  the  State  Educational 
Association  meeting,  November  11.  School 
library  topics  were  presented  at  district  edu- 
cational meetings,  and  a  model  library  was- 
shown  at  the  state  fair. 


May,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


283 


NEW  YORK  STATE  LIBRARIES  SINCE 
THE   FIRE 

"THE  great  disaster,"  says  William  R.  East- 
man, chief  of  the  Educational  Extension  Di- 
vision of  the  New  York  State  Education 
Department,  in  his  report  for  1912,  "has  im- 
pressed upon  us  the  fact  that  the  success  of 
educational  extension  does  not  depend  upon 
the  accumulation  and  preservation  of  records 
at  the  State  Capitol,  important  as  that  may 
be,  but  rather  upon  the  forces  set  at  work  in 
communities  all  over  the  state,  creating  new 
conceptions  of  the  worth  of  books  and  lead- 
ing to  more  earnest  and  more  intelligent 
efforts  to  bring  the  means  of  self-education 
within  the  reach  of  everyone. 

"Our  inspectors  report  a  vast  difference  be- 
tween the  libraries  of  to-day  and  those  of 
even  five  years  ago.  The  changes  are  of  a 
kind  which  mere  statistics  cannot  show.  The 
new  library  buildings  appearing  not  only  in 
great  cities,  but  also  in  small  villages  and  in 
summer  resorts,  are  the  outward  signs  of 
growth.  They  appeal  to  the  eye  and  impress 
the  imagination.  The  facilities  for  readers 
are  better.  The  arrangement  of  books  is  bet- 
ter. The  care  taken  in  selection  of  books  is 
greater.  The  librarians,  as  a  body,  show  better 
appreciation  of  their  opportunities  and  of  the 
significance  of  their  service,  a  more  intelligent 
grasp  of  the  situation  and  a  more  earnest 
spirit.  .  . 

"After  the  fire,  the  first  effort  of  the  divi- 
sion was  to  replace,  as  far  as  possible,  its 
records  of  accounts  with  the  libraries  for 
state  money,  its  dated  index  of  library  in- 
corporations and  registry  and  its  mailing 
lists.  It  was  able  to  secure  these  from  the 
cashier's  records  and  minutes  of  the  Board 
of  Regents,  which  were  unharmed,  and  from 
the  printed  handbook  of  department  organiza- 
tions. A  general  call  sent  out  by  the  public 
press  to  all  persons  having  traveling  libraries 
met  with  prompt  response,  and  within  a  month 
the  division,  in  its  new  quarters,  was  carrying 
on  regularly  its  usual  work.  The  applications 
for  traveling  libraries  have  been  so  numerous 
that  it  has  been  impossible  to  supply  them 
with  such  promptness  as  we  could  desire." 

Reports  were  received  for  the  year  1910-11 
from  1389  libraries  in  the  state,  which  con- 
tained 9,718,809  volumes  and  had  a  circulation 
of  21,482,990,  indicating  an  increase  of  294,613 
volumes  and  a  gain  of  868,016  in  circulation. 
The  free  circulation  for  the  state  averages 
55,131  a  day,  the  highest  point  reached  so  far. 
The  free  circulation  is  2208  per  1000  of  popu- 
lation. 

Sixteen  library  charters  were  granted  dur- 
ing the  year.  The  total  gain  was  20,  making 
a  total  enrollment  of  489.  The  34  allotments 
to  free  libraries  amounted  to  $29,965.09. 

"The  record  of  field  work,  owing  to  the  loss 
of  papers,  is  not  quite  complete.  At  least  331 
visits  were  made.  For  three  months,  from 


Oct.  i  to  Dec.  31,  1910,  there  was  but  one 
library  organizer  in  service,  on  account  of  the 
resignation  of  Miss  Zaidee  Brown  to  under- 
take similar  work  in  Massachusetts.  Soon 
after  the  appointment  of  Miss  Caroline  Web- 
ster, special  attention  was  given  to  the  can- 
vass of  rural  neighborhoods  and  attendance 
at  farmers'  conventions,  with  a  view  to  in- 
troducing more  traveling  libraries  in  places 
now  remote  from  library  privileges.  Our  own 
ability  to  meet  the  resulting  demand  has,  of 
course,  been  seriously  impaired,  but  as  soon 
as  we  are  in  a  position  to  buy  new  books  in 
liberal  quantities  the  results  of  this  canvass 
may  be  expected  to  appear.  The  two  organ- 
izers visited  139  libraries,  of  which  24  were 
put  in  order  by  them. 

"The  library  round-table  meetings,  arranged 
by  a  committee  of  the  New  York  Library 
Association,  and  held  for  the  most  part  in  the 
month  of  May,  were  closely  followed.  Out 
of  30  meetings  in  the  state,  22  were  con- 
ducted by  members  of  our  staff,  and  14  of 
them  by  the  two  library  organizers.  The 
attendance  of  libraries  at  these  meetings  was 
302,  represented  by  760  persons." 

Free  libraries  receiving  aid  or  entire  support 
from  local  taxation  are  299,  18  more  than  last 
year;  190  libraries  are  still  dependent  on  pri- 
vate gifts.  The  state  tax  for  libraries  was 
$7,590,118.26,  of  which  $1,521,493.45  were  paid 
by  40  cities,  and  $1,192,790.69  by  the  city  of 
New  York  alone.  The  increase  was  $119,095. 

Twelve  new  library  buildings  were  com- 
pleted or  newly  fitted  up  and  occupied  within 
the  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1911. 

"Since  the  traveling  library  records  were 
destroyed,  the  division  has  been  dependent  on 
its  borrowers  for  their  reconstruction.  The 
total  number  of  volumes  reported  to  date  is 
37,476.  .  ,  To  this  number  should  be  added 
about  3000  duplicates,  which  had  been  stored 
in  the  basement  of  the  Capitol  and  thus 
saved. 

"WTiile  the  volumes  saved  represent  a  good 
working  collection,  yet  the  constant  fluctua- 
tion in  the  popularity  of  subjects,  particularly 
with  study  clubs,  caused  grievous  losses  in 
certain  lines.  Russia,  Germany  Mexico,  India, 
South  America  and  early  English  history  are 
the  subjects  which  suffered  most  heavily. 

"The  only  accurate  report  of  circulation 
that  can  be  made  is  that  from  April  to  Oc- 
tober, during  which  time  there  have  been 
placed  10,223  volumes  in  response  to  207  ap- 
plications. The  total  number  of  volumes  sent 
out  during  the  previous  six  months  was  some- 
what larger  than  it  had  been  in  the  preceding 
year.  The  reduction  in  fee  resulted  in  a 
greater  demand  for  small  libraries.  As  it  was 
hoped,  this  increased  demand  came  from 
groups  of  taxpayers  and  from  small  schools. 
Since  the  fire,  as  many  libraries  as  possible 
are  transferred  without  having  them  returned 
to  Albany,  and  about  one  hundred  have  been 
disposed  of  in  this  way." 


284 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


THE  NEW  YORK  LECTURE  SYSTEM 

THE  1912  report  of  the  New  York  Super- 
visor of  Lectures  records  an  attendance  of 
1,000,190  persons  at  the  lectures  in  the  dif- 
ferent boroughs.  A  staff  of  696  speakers 
presented  1746  topics  to  5573  audiences.  From 
these  preliminary  figures,  some  idea  may  be 
formed  of  the  size  of  the  work  carried  on  by 
this  branch  of  the  Board  of  Education. 

"The  attendance,  composed  almostly  entire- 
ly of  adults,"  says  the  report,  "was  an  in- 
crease over  last  year  of  about  forty-five 
thousand,  noteworthy,  considering  the  highly 
instructional  character  of  many  of  the  courses 
and  the  fact  that  the  winter  was  exceptionally 
severe. 

"The  lectures  were  continued  on  the  main 
lines  that  marked  the  courses  of  preceding 
years.  Special  mention  may  be  made  of  the 
course  of  thirty  lectures  on  'American  his- 
tory,' by  Professor  Guthrie,  of  the  College 
of  the  City  of  New  York,  and  on  The  devel- 
opment of  fiction/  by  Professor  Home,  of 
the  same  institution,  and,  of  course,  of  twenty- 
eight  lectures  on  'Principles  and  practice  of 
electrical  engineering,'  by  Mr.  W.  Wallace 
Ker.  All  these  lectures  were  followed  by  a 
quiz  and  examinations." 

The  list  of  lectures  includes  lectures  to  in- 
coming immigrants,  such  as  one  given  in  the 
Italian  language  to  Italians  on  the  subject, 
"What  the  public  lectures  can  do  for  the 
Italians,  and  why  every  Italian  should  learn 
the  English  language,"  or  one  in  Yiddish,  at- 
tended by  a  thousand  immigrants,  on  "What 
constitutes  good  American  citizenship." 

"The  attendance  at  the  lectures  represents 
every  phase  and  section  of  our  cosmopolitan 
city.  The  mechanic,  the  teacher,  the  lawyer, 
the  physician,  the  clerk,  all  meet  together  to 
share  in  the  feast  that  is  offered  to  them  in 
the  realms  of  literature  and  music  and  art.  .  .  . 

"Especial  emphasis  should  be  laid  upon  the 
fact  that  the  lectures  are  arranged  so  as  to 
make  the  courses  conform  to  a  carefully 
planned  system  of  education  for  adults.  No- 
tices that  appear  from  time  to  time  in  the 
press  giving  titles  of  isolated  lectures  fail  to 
convey  the  impression  that  the  lectures  are 
coordinated  in  such  a  manner  that,  by  con- 
stant attendance  at  some  particular  center 
for  a  number  of  years,  a  good  general  educa- 
tion can  be  secured,  as  is  illustrated  by  the 
fact  that  at  one  lecture  center  courses  of  lec- 
tures on  literature  have  been  given  continu- 
ously for  years.  At  St.  Bartholomew's  Ly- 
ceum Hall,  for  the  last  nine  years,  courses 
have  been  given  on  practical  science,  with  the 
result  that  many  men  in  mechanical  occupa- 
tions have  been  aided  to  better  their  positions. 

"The  most  cordial  cooperation  with  the  pub- 
lic library  system  of  the  city  exists.  The 
librarians  assist  in  every  way  by  preparing 
special  lists  of  books  which  are  read  in  con- 
nection with  the  lectures.  In  the  halls  of 
several  of  the  library  buildings  lectures  are 
regularly  held. 


"The  following  are  excerpts  from  a  few 
of  the  many  reports  received  from  librarians: 

'Whenever  there  are  Shakespeare  lectures,  the  use 
of  his  plays  is  greatly  increased.  Many  of  the  peo- 
ple who  have  usually  only  read  light  fiction,  ask  for 
travel,  etc.,  after  attending  the  lectures.' 

'Books  recommended  on  the  leaflets  for  reference 
reading  which  were  not  already  in  the  library,  were 
purchased  at  once  and  added  to  the  Public  lecture 
collection.' 

'There  was  a  large  demand  for  information  about 
the  lectures  given  at  Morris  High  School,  especially 
these  on  the  Novel,  given  by  Dr.  Home.  The  de- 
mand was  so  great  that  we  prepared  a  collection  of 
the  novels  discussed  by  Dr.  Home,  together  with  his 
own  books  on  the  Novel.' 

'The  largest  demand  for  lecture  books  comes  after 
the  lecture  is  over;  the  books  most  in  demand  being 
those  suggested  on  the  leaflets  for  reference  reading.' 

'During  the  period  in  which  lectures  on  "Chem- 
istry" were  given,  there  were  frequent  requests  for 
such  books.  Upon  questioning  the  borrowers,  it  was 
found  that  quite  a  percentage  wished  to  use  them  in 
connection  with  the  lectures.' 

'After  a  lecture  on  a  subject  of  popular  interest  the 
result  is  usually  promptly  shown  at  the  library  in  the 
demand  for  books  on  the  subject.  This  year  the 
interest  aroused  by  a  series  of  lectures  on  the  west 
was  brought  strongly  to  the  attention  of  the  staff  by 
the  repeated  demands  for  a  certain  book  recommended 
by  a  lecturer  which  was  not  in  the  collection  of  this 
branch.' 

'There  has  been  a  large  demand  for  books  on 
'First  aid  to  the  injured.'" 

'At  this  branch  I  think  the  lectures  have  caused 
the  bound  magazines  to  be  used  a  great  deal.' 

'The  lecture,  "How  to  choose  a  book"  or  "Won- 
derland of  books,"  by  William  Bradley  Otis,  Ph.D., 
was  greatly  appreciated,  and  the  books  suggested  by 
the  lecturer  that  evening  were  asked  for  afterwards.' 

'Of  the  three,  the  last  period  of  lectures  (Litera- 
ture) has  been  the  most  popular  for  auxiliary  read- 
ing, the  books  chosen  having  a  steady  circulation. 
With  lectures  on  Greek  drama  the  greatest  interest 
was  aroused.' 

'The  number  of  people  who  seemed  interested  in 
the  lectures  seems  to  have  been  greater  this  year 
We  are  often  asked  for  the  notices  when  we  have 
been  without  them  for  a  short  time.' 

'Books  on  first  aid  to  the  injured  were  called  for, 
and  books  on  China  and  Japan,  all  due  to  the  influ- 
ence of  the  lectures.' 

'Books  relating  to  the  subjects  of  the  lectures  were 
placed  on  a  special  shelf,  and  have  circulated  very 
satisfactorily.'  " 


THE   RECENT    PROGRESS    OF   BOONE 

UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY,  AND  ITS 

FUTURE   DEVELOPMENT 

AN  illustrated  notice,  describing  the  library 
connected  with  Boone  University,  Wuchang, 
China,  appeared  in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  for 
February,  1909,  and  more  extended  accounts 
of  it  has  been  given  in  the  public  addresses 
of  Miss  M.  E.  Wood,  its  librarian,  during  her 
visits  to  this  country.  Miss  Wood,  who  was 
a  student  at  Pratt  Institute  Library  School, 
is  known  to  many  librarians,  and  it  was  re- 
gretted by  members  of  the  New  York  Library 
Club  last  year  that  she  was  prevented  from 
carrying  out  her  engagement  to  address  one 
of  their  meetings. 

Further  information  in  regard  to  the  growth 
and  progress  of  the  library  is  interestingly 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY   JOURNAL 


285 


given  in  an  article  by  Samuel  T.  Y.  Seng, 
assistant  librarian,  in  the  December,  1912, 
issue  of  The  Boom  Review,  published  at 
Wuchang.  An  abridgment  (not  a  paraphrase) 
of  Mr.  Seng's  article  follows: 

Of  the  value  of  libraries  for  the  accumula- 
tion of  knowledge ;  for  the  teaching  of  moral- 
ity; for  the  stimulation  of  patriotism;  for  a 
making  of  a  richer  and  nobler  life  of  the 
individual,  and  for  the  improvement  of  the 
conditions  under  which  the  people  live,  the 
writer  will  not  attempt  to  describe  on  a  great 
scale.  About  four  thousand  years  before  the 
beginning  of  the  Christian  era,  a  large  library 
was  formed  by  an  Assyrian  king  on  bricks, 
papyrus  and  leather.  It  will  be  a  matter  of 
interest  to  my  readers  if  I  mention  the  name 
of  the  keeper  of  the  king's  library — Ibni- 
Sarrau — the  most  ancient  librarian  on  histor- 
ical record.  On  his  seal  was  recorded  this 
incident,  and  can  still  be  seen.  When  we  come 
to  our  own  day,  Andrew  Carnegie,  the  world- 
wide-known millionaire,  finds  that  there  is  no 
better  way  of  using  his  immense  wealth  than 
by  founding  many  libraries. 

It  is  but  natural  to  think  that  each  univer- 
sity, as  a  center  of  learning,  should  possess 
its  own  library.  Generally,  the  privilege  of 
reading  in  the  library  is  not  limited  to  the 
students  and  members  of  the  faculties  of  the 
universities,  but  is  also  extended  to  all  stu- 
dents who  truly  desire  to  educate  themselves 
in  order  to  carry  out  more  vividly  the  idea 
that  the  "library  is  for  the  public."  Natur- 
ally, in  a  great  city,  especially  if  that  city  is 
a  literary  center,  where  many  educational  in- 
stitutions are  in  a  lively  activity,  and  where 
students,  drawn  from  all  parts  of  the  country, 
gather  in  great  numbers  as  in  this  literary 
center,  to  pursue  courses  of  study  according 
to  modern  methods  of  education — here  a  li- 
brary will  meet  the  needs  to  "put  the  sunshine 
in  our  hearts  and  drive  the  moonlight  out  of 
our  heads."  Such  a  city  is  the  city  of  Wu- 
chang. It  has  been  referred  to  as  a  literary 
center  of  this  province,  where  the  students 
in  hundreds  and  thousands  are  seeking  knowl- 
edge in  the  government  educational  institu- 
tions. Not  to  mention  the  students  of  Boone 
University  and  like  institutions,  a  large  li- 
brary, such  as  the  Boone  University  Library, 
in  this  center  will,  indeed,  be  of  great  help 
and  use  to  the  public. 

Of  course,  we  need  many  books  to  meet  the 
situation.  We  have  started  the  beginning 
towards  an  English  department,  possessing 
5000  volumes  in  number,  which  have  been 
given  by  the  friends  in  America,  who  are  in- 
terested in  our  work.  It  is  indeed  a  good 
nucleus.  Hence  we  appeal  to  our  friends,  with 
all  their  power,  to  increase  the  number  of 
books  and  manuscripts. 

Along  with  purchasing  of  foreign  books,  it 
is  of  equal  importance  that  we  should  have  a 
library  for  depositing  the  old  writings  of  our 
own  philosophers,  sages,  historians  and  others. 
We  are  most  anxious  to  build  up  a  complete 


Chinese  library,  full  of  books  containing  a 
record  of  events  from  the  most  ancient  times 
down  to  the  present  day.  A  very  good  op- 
portunity to  build  up  this  Chinese  library  is 
offered  at  the  present  time.  The  events  of 
the  revolution,  such  as  the  burning  of  Han- 
kow, and  the  depression  of  trade  in  the  com- 
mercial center,  have  caused  many  wealthy 
people,  and  many  families  of  the  gentry,  to 
become  poor.  They  are  willing  to  sell  fine 
sets  of  books  at  a  very  cheap  rate.  Already 
we  have  obtained  in  this  way  some  3000  books, 
such  as  the  "Complete  Tong  classics,"  "Essays 
of  the  various  writers  of  Ching  dynasty," 
"Imperial  commentary  on  classics,"  etc.  There- 
fore we  appeal  earnestly  to  all  lovers  of  Chi- 
nese literature  and  all  those  who  are  interested 
in  the  library  work  here  in  China  for  funds 
to  purchase  more  treasures.  We  can  say  that 
in  the  future,  when  the  government  schools 
are  open,  such  books  may  be  very  difficult  to 
get  even  at  double  the  price. 

In  connection  with  our  English  department, 
we  propose  to  take  up  the  work  for  children, 
which  has  been  neglected  in  our  university 
library,  that  is,  the  children's  department.  It 
is  generally  the  case  that  educated  children 
like  to  read  books  and  appreciate  the  illus- 
trated papers  and  books  supplied  by  the  li- 
brary, if  they  can  get  hold  of  them.  But  from 
experience,  we  find  that  it  is  not  a  good  way 
to  have  books  for  adults  and  children  in  one 
department.  When  they  come  to  the  library 
and  read  there,  the  adults  like  to  read  in 
comfort  and  quiet  which,  cannot  be  secured 
when  the  children  are  present  in  large  num- 
bers;  and  the  young  folks  are  shy  and  con- 
strained in  the  presence  of  those  who  are 
much  older  than  themselves.  If  they  are  not 
to  be  excluded  from  the  library,  therefore, 
rooms  should  be  set  apart  for  the  children. 
It  is  our  duty  to  supply  the  juvenile  depart- 
ment with  books  for  their  special  benefit.  The 
library  should  provide  a  juvenile  department 
containing  books  specially  for  the  benefit  of 
the  younger  students.  It  is  also  our  duty  to 
take  special  interest  in  this  department,'  and 
make  it  attractive  as  far  as  possible.  We 
hope,  too,  in  the  near  future,  that  the  story 
hour  will  be  successfully  introduced,  so  that 
the  library  will  serve  as  the  "true  educator" 
of  the  young.  We  also  wish  that  on  the  walls 
of  the  children's  rooms  there  may  be  bright 
pictures,  which  will  add  much  beauty  to  this 
department.  The  aim  of  the  library,  as  our 
librarian,  Miss  M.  E.  Wood,  has  often  told 
me,  is  not  confined  to  giving  education,  intel- 
lectually and  morally,  but  also  physically.  As 
the  boys  are  kept  indoors,  when  the  stormy 
days  come,  the  library  will  entertain  them 
with  indoor  games,  such  as  ping-pong,  table 
croquet  and  other  pretty  games. 

Not  only  by  means  of  books,  but  other 
means  also,  our  Boone  University,  situated, 
as  it  is,  in  an  educational  center,  may  educate 
the  public  and  increase  its  influence.  The 
student  body  of  the  government  schools  will 


286 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


be  within  our  reach  through  its  extension 
work,  carried  on  by  means  of  the  auditorium 
lectures.  Public  lectures  on  educational  lines, 
illustrated,  as  far  as  possible,  by  lantern  ex- 
hibitions, can  give  much  benefit  to  the  public 
and  are  especially  appreciated  by  the  students. 
Through  the  proposal  of  Miss  M.  E.  Wood, 
with  the  sympathy  and  support  of  Dr.  J.  Jack- 
son and  the  faculty,  fortnightly,  in  Stokes 
Hall,  as  the  auditorium  is  called,  lectures  on 
intellectual  and  scientific  subjects  and  ques- 
tions of  the  day  are  given  by  prominent 
speakers,  foreign  and  Chinese. 

The  attendance  at  the  first  three  meetings 
has  been  most  encouraging,  and  fully  five 
hundred  came  to  each  of  these  successful 
meetings. 

Another  step  in  our  work  which  we  are 
planning  is  a  museum.  It  is  greatly  desired 
to  form  a  museum  possessing  specimens  of 
the  flora  and  fauna  of  China ;  animals,  flowers 
and  plants  of  foreign  countries ;  a  collection 
of  curios  of  different  dynasties  of  China; 
geological  specimens,  and  products  of  every 
industry  of  this  vast  republic.  A  small  begin- 
ning has  been  made. 

Readers  of  my  article  will  see  that  the  needs 
of  the  Boo»ne  University  Library  are  indeed 
very  many.  We  state  them  openly  and  fully, 
and  we  hope  that  friends  of  learning  and  all 
lovers  of  Chinese  literature,  and  all  who  are 
desirous  to  see  the  students  of  our  neighbor- 
ing government  schools  well  trained  and 
equipped  for  their  life  work,  will  help  us  in 
the  upbuilding  of  our  University  Library. 

LINCOLN  HALL  — A  LABORATORY 
LIBRARY 

THAT  a  library  is  a  laboratory  is  no  new 
epigram,  though  many  college  libraries  are 
far  from  ideal  working  places,  as  compared 
with  science  laboratories.  The  University  of 
Illinois  has  put  this  idea  of  a  library  as  a 
laboratory  into  brick  and  terra  cotta  in  its 
new  Lincoln  Hall.  This  new  memorial  to 
President  Lincoln  is  called  "a  laboratory  for 
the  intellectual  sciences."  "Here  we  have," 
says  the  account  of  the  building,  "for  exam- 
ple, in  one  room  or  series  of  rooms,  the  mate- 
rials necessary  for  an  accurate  and  compre- 
hensive study  of  history,  state  and  nation: 
books,  documents,  maps,  letters,  newspapers, 
manuscripts,  portraits,  photographs,  slides,  all 
within  reach  of  the  student  himself ;  for  access 
is  freely  granted  to  the  shelves  and  drawers, 
and  the  rooms  are  open  from  eight  o'clock  in 
the  morning  until  ten  in  the  evening. 

"In  adjacent  rooms  are  to  be  found  the 
materials  for  the  laboratory  study  of  the  Eng- 
lish language  and  literature:  texts,  commen- 
taries, original  manuscripts  and  prints,  busts, 
portraits,  and  the  other  auxiliary  aids  to  in- 
struction, such  as  maps,  slides,  lantern  pro- 
jections, phonographs ^ for  the  accurate  study 
of  sounds,  etc.  .  .  .  Similar  facilities  are  pro- 
vided for  the  study  of  other  languages:  Ger- 


man, French,  Spanish,  Italian,  Latin  and 
Greek;  for  the  social  sciences,  political  econ- 
omy, political  science  and  sociology  and  for 
logic,  psychology  and  philosophy. 

Each  library  has  ad  joining  conference  rooms, 
and  the  class  rooms  and  office  of  the  depart- 
ment are  grouped  about  it.  There  are  also 
research  offices,  room:  for  the  Journal  of  Eng- 
lish and  Germanic  Philology,  and  museums  of 
European  culture  and  classical  archaeology  and 
art.  The  building  is  four  stories  high,  230 
feet  long,  with  two  wings.  It  is  built  of  brick 
and  stone,  with  terra  cotta  panels  showing 
scenes  in  Lincoln's  life  across  the  front,  and 
quotations  from  his  speeches  and  writings, 
with  terra  cotta  portraits  of  his  associates  on 
the  wings.  A  reflected  light  system  is  used. 
The  book  capacity  to  which  the  students  have 
access  is  over  60,000  volumes,  and  the  building- 
was  planned  to  allow  enlargement. 


TWO   NATIONAL  CONFERENCES  OF 
SCHOOL  LIBRARIANS 

A.    L.    A.    MEETING,    SATURDAY,    JUNE    2%TH, 
AT  HOTEL  KAATERSKILL,  N.   Y. 

UNDER  the  auspices  of  the  American  Library 
Association  and  the  Library  Department  of  the 
National  Education  Association  a  conference 
of  school  librarians  will  be  held  at  the  Hotel 
Kaaterskill,  N.  Y.,  on  Saturday,  June  28th, 
1913.  If  a  sufficient  number  of  school  libra- 
rians are  present  to  warrant  it  there  will  be 
two  meetings,  one  of  normal  school  librarians 
and  the  other  of  high  school  librarians.  Other- 
wise there  will  be  a  joint  session  of  all  school 
librarians. 

TENTATIVE   PROGRAM 

Normal  school  session.    2  p.m.     Conducted  by 
Mr.  Willis  H.  Kerr,  librarian  of  State  Nor- 
mal School,  Emporia,  Kan. 
Topics  suggested  for  discussion: 
Library  lessons  in  the  grades. 
Courses  in  children's  literature  for  normal 

students. 
Changes    in    classification    to    fit    needs    of 

normal  schools. 

Question  box  for  technical  problems. 
High  school  session.    2  p.m.     Session  will  be 
conducted  by  Miss  Anna  Hadley,  librarian 
of  the  Gilbert  School,  Winsted,  Conn. 
Topics  suggested: 

In  what  ways  can  the  librarian  encourage 
the  best  use  of  the  school  library  by  the 
different  departments? 

Training  high  school  students  in  the  use 
of  a  library. 

a.  How  find  time  for  this? 

b.  Methods  in  use  in  different  schools. 
How   can   the   librarian   best   influence    the 

reading  of  high  school  pupils? 
Question  box  on  technical  problems. 
It  is  hoped  that  school  librarians  will  plan 
to  attend  as  many  A.  L.  A.  sessions  as  pos- 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


287 


sible,  especially  that  of  the  Children's  Section, 
Friday  evening,  June  27th,  where  the  topic 
for  discussion  will  be  'Work  with  schools." 

N.   E.   A.   MEETING   OF   SCHOOL   LIBRARIANS 
AT   SALT   LAKE    CITY,    JULY    7-11,    1913 

In  connection  with  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  National  Education  Association  at  Salt 
Lake  City  there  will  be  held  a  round  table  of 
school  librarians. 

This  round  table  will  be  conducted  by  Miss 
Ida  M.  Mendenhall,  formerly  librarian  of  the 
State  Normal  School,  Geneseo,  N.  Y. 

Program  will  follow  closely  that  given  above 
for  high  school  and  normal  school  librarians 
at  the  A.  L.  A.  meeting. 

Miss  Ball,  librarian  of  the  High  School  of 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  will  have  a  paper  on 
"What  the  high  school  librarian  may  do  in 
vocational  guidance."  Other  topics  and  papers 
will  be  announced  in  the  June  periodicals. 

Wherever  it  is  a  possible  thing  school  libra- 
rians are  urged  to  attend  either  the  A.  L.  A. 
or  N.  E.  A.  meeting. 

MARY  E.  HALL, 
Prcs.  Library  Dept.,  N.  E.  A. 


THE   MODERN   HISTORIC   RECORDS 
ASSOCIATION 

"EMPLOYING  the  inventions  of  our  age,"  the 
Modern  Historic  Records  Association  "pur- 
poses to  preserve  in  imperishable  form  the 
records  of  history,  heretofore  'writ  on  water,' 
in  order  that  future  generations  may  know 
the  exact  measure  of  our  wisdom  and  our 
ignorance,  our  achievements  and  our  failures." 

Every  librarian  and  library  owner  recog- 
nizes the  perishable  nature  of  the  printed 
records  of  our  time.  From  the  supposedly 
durable  paper  of  wills  and  mortgages  to  the 
extremely  fragile  woodpulp  of  newspapers, 
our  historical  evidences  are  doomed  to  early 
decay.  This  association  intends  to  make  as 
permanent  as  present-day  processes  allow  such 
records  of  human  life  as  will  interest  and 
enlighten  future  generations.  By  printing  in 
permanent  ink  on  "certified  library  record 
paper"  which  is  over  99  per  cent,  clean  white 
rag,  the  association  prepares  its  records 
against  the  ordinary  ills  of  printed  existence. 
Extraordinary  accidents  are  provided  against 
by  sealing  the  records  in  heavy  glass  jars,  and 
sealing  the  jars,  in  turn,  in  a  section  of  terra 
cotta  pipe  by  the  use  of  concrete.  The  New 
York  Public  Library  has  been  selected  as  cus- 
todian of  all  records  until  the  association  has 
its  own  building. 

The  association  does  not  confine  itself  to 
printed  documents,  which  preserve  words  only. 
Phonographic  records  and  talking  or  moving 
pictures  hold  even  more  intimate  revelations 
of  the  life  of  to-day,  and  are  being  protected 
from  disaster  in  the  same  thorough  manner. 
Photographs  of  the  leaders  in  government, 
science,  literature,  art,  drama,  etc.,  are  to  be 


preserved  in  the  form  of  positives  on  glass. 
In  addition  to  its  own  work,  the  association 
hopes  to  inspire  in  official  bodies  an  equally 
careful  treatment  of  public  documents. 

State  !!4&rarp  Commissions 

ARKANSAS   LIBRARY    COMMISSION 

The  recently  appointed  State  Library  Com- 
mission, composed  of  C.  W.  L.  Armour,  of 
Fort  Smith;  Dr.  C.  H.  Brough,  of  the  state 
university  ;  and  Miss  Eva  Reichardt,  of  Little 
Rock,  met  for  the  first  time  at  Fort  Smith, 
March  22.  The  commission  unanimously 
chose  the  following  plan:  That  the  local 
branches  of  the  Arkansas  Federation  of  Wo- 
men's Clubs,  the  School  Improvement  Associa- 
tions and  school  boards  cooperate  in  urging 
the  councils  of  cities  of  the  first  and  second 
class  to  avail  themselves  of  the  provision  of 
Act  No.  160  of  1911.  The  commission  further 
decided  to  urge  school  directors  to  appropri- 
ate a  portion  of  their  school  funds  for  the 
purpose  of  promoting  and  establishing  libra- 
ries in  schools. 


State 


associations 


ONTARIO   LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

"The  best  ever"  is  a  trite  phrase,  but  its 
use,  in  reference  to  the  thirteenth  annual 
meeting  of  the  Ontario  Library  Association, 
is  justified  by  the  increase  in  attendance  and 
the  general  excellence  of  the  sessions.  Al- 
most 175  were  registered  in  attendance,  and 
over  250  were  in  the  audience  at  the  evening 
meeting.  The  long  program,  with  its  many 
items,  was  run  through  according  to  schedule 
in  a  way  that  reflects  great  credit  on  the 
chairman  and  all  who  took  part  in  the  pro- 
gram. Following  the  usual  custom,  the  meet- 
ing was  held  Easter  Monday  and  Tuesday  in 
Toronto,  and  through  the  courtesy  of  the 
Public  Library  Board  of  the  city,  the  beauti- 
ful reference  building  was  placed  at  the  dis- 
posal of  the  association.  An  added  feature 
was  the  fact  that  the  meeting  was  held  in 
the  art  gallery,  where  pictures  by  Canadian 
artists  were  then  on  exhibition. 

The  annual  reports  were  exceedingly  en- 
couraging, and  indicated  very  considerable 
activity  on  the  part  of  the  library  workers  of 
the  province.  The  Library  Institute's  report 
was  particularly  encouraging,  showing  that 
the  fourteen  institutes  had  held  very  success- 
ful meetings  of  two  days  each,  these  meetings 
constituting  practically  elementary  schools  of 
instruction  in  library  methods.  The  commit- 
tee further  reported  the  organization  of  a 
public  library  institute  for  the  city  of  Toronto. 

The  general  topic  of  the  whole  meeting  was 
"Boys  and  girls  and  the  public  library,"  and 
this  was  treated  in  a  series  of  eleven  papers 
and  addresses,  as  follows: 


288 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


"The  children's  room,"  Miss  Lillian  Smith, 
head  of  children's  department,  Toronto 
Public  Library. 

"Books  for  the  boys,"  G.  H.  Locke,  Toronto 
Public  Library. 

"Books  for  the  girls,"  Miss  Mary  J.  L.  Black, 
Fort  William. 

"Books  for  the  little  ones,"  Mrs.  W.  J.  Hanna, 
Sarnia. 

"Books  for  life  problems,"  Dr.  W.  Harley 
Smith,  Toronto. 

"The  story  hour,"  H.  M.  Wodson,  Runny- 
mede. 

"The  trustee  and  the  children's  department," 
Mr.  W.  R.  Nursey,  Inspector  of  public  Li- 
braries, Toronto. 

"Boys  and  girls  and  the  public  library,"  Miss 
Clara  W.  Hunt,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

"The  public  library  and  the  public  school,"  C. 
B.  Edwards,  London. 

"The  public  library  and  the  high  school,"  F. 
P.  Gavin,  Windsor. 

"A  brief  review  of  the  topics  of  this  pro- 
gram," Miss  Clara  W.  Hunt,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

These  addresses  and  papers  were  well  pre- 
pared, pointed,  practical  and  full  of  sugges- 
tion. 

The  chief  speaker  for  the  meeting  was  Miss 
Clara  W.  Hunt,  head  of  the  children's  depart- 
ment of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library,  and  her 
two  addresses  were  remarkably  able  presen- 
tations of  the  work  that  a  public  library  can 
do  with  the  boys  and  girls  of  its  constituency. 
These  addresses  abounded  in  concrete  in- 
stances, and  revealed  a  grasp  of  the  underly- 
ing principles  of  this  branch  of  public  library 
work  and  its  relation  not  only  to  the  library, 
but  to  the  parent  and  to  the  community  at 
large,  that  was  illuminating  and  inspirational. 
Miss  Hunt's  addresses  have  made  her  a  great 
favorite  with  the  Ontario  Library  Association, 
and  have  added  another  item  to  the  debt 
which  the  association  feels  to  those  American 
library  experts  who  have  come  across  the 
border  to  assist  their  Canadian  co-workers. 

The  president's  annual  address  was  a  sym- 
pathetic consideration  of  library  work  and  an 
appreciation  of  the  development  of  the  public 
library  in  this  province.  The  remaining  paper 
was  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Murch,  of  St.  Thomas,  on 
"Proportionate  expenditure  in  library  admin- 
istration," and  was  a  thoughtful  treatment  of 
this  important  theme. 

The  social  side  of  the  meeting  was  pro- 
vided for  by  a  promenade  and  inspection  of 
the  reference  library  at  the  close  of  the  eve- 
ning session.  The  chief  librarian,  Dr.  Locke, 
and  his  staff  were  on  hand  as  hosts,  and  a 
great  deal  of  interest  was  taken  in  the  John 
Ross  Robertson  collection  of  pictures  illus- 
trating Canadian  history,  the  finest  collection 
available  to  the  public  in  Canada. 

The  officers  for  the  current  year  were  elect- 
ed as  follows:  President,  W.  F.  Moore,  the 
Public  Library,  Dundas;  first  vice-president, 


W.  O.  Carson,  the  Public  Library,  London; 
second  vice-president,  David  Williams,  the 
Public  Library,  Collingwood ;  secretary,  E.  A. 
Hardy,  B.A.,  D.Paed.,  81  Collier  street,  To- 
ronto; treasurer,  G.  H.  Locke,  M.A.,  the  Pub- 
lic Library,  Toronto.  Councillors:  H.  J. 
Clarke,  B.A.,  the  Public  Library,  Belleville; 
D.  M.  Grant,  B.A.,  the  Public  Library,  Sar- 
nia; Miss  Mary  J.  L.  Black,  the  Public  Li- 
brary, Fort  William;  Adam  Hunter,  the  Pub- 
lic Library,  Hamilton;  W.  J.  Sykes,  B.A.,  the 
Public  Library,  Ottawa ;  C.  R.  Charteris,  M.D., 
ex-president,  the  Public  Library,  Chatham. 

MASSACHUSETTS  LIBRARY   CLUB 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Massachusetts 
Library  Club  will  be  held  in  Williamstown,  at 
the  invitation  of  Williams  College,  May  22-23, 
±913.  This  will  be  a  union  meeting  with  the 
Berkshire  County  and  the  Western  Massa- 
chusetts library  clubs.  Addresses  will  prob- 
ably be  given  by  President  Garfield  and  other 
members  of  the  faculty  of  Williams  College. 
On  Saturday  morning,  May  24,  the  Free  Pub- 
lic Library  Commission  will  conduct  a  con- 
ference in  the  interests  of  the  smaller  libra- 
ries. In  addition  to  the  entertainment  and 
hospitality  offered  by  Williams  College,  ex- 
cursions up  Mt.  Greylock  and  a  coaching  trip 
from  North  Adams  over  the  Hoosac  Moun- 
tains may  be  planned.  There  will  also  be 
opportunity  to  visit  the  libraries  of  North 
Adams  and  other  nearby  towns. 

A  large  attendance  is  expected,  as  the  ad- 
dresses will  be  on  both  literary  and  practical 
library  topics.  Williams  College  is  situated 
in  a  beautiful  country,  and  a  visit  there  will 
be  a  delightful  one.  The  date  of  the  meeting 
has  been  set  early,  so  as  not  to  conflict  with 
the  meeting  of  the  American  Library  Associ- 
ation in  the  Catskills,  June  23-28,  1913. 

ARKANSAS  STATE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 
The  Arkansas  State  Library  Association 
met,  February  20,  at  3  p.m.,  at  Carnegie  Li- 
brary, Little  Rock.  The  afternoon  was  spent 
in  discussing  the  needs  of  libraries  in  rural 
districts.  Those  taking  part  in  the  discussion 
were  Mr.  McNair,  Rabbi  Witt,  Miss  Minnie 
Allen,  Miss  Eva  Reichardt  and  Rabbi  Jason. 
The  meeting  adjourned  at  5  o'clock,  and  the 
visiting  members  were  given  an  '  automobile 
ride  over  the  city.  At  8  o'clock  an  informal 
reception  was  held  in  the  library  rooms,  fol- 
lowed by  addresses  by  Rabbi  Witt,  Senator 
Heiskell,  Mayor  Kellogg  and  Miss  Julia  War- 
ner. At  the  business  session,  held  at  9.30  the 
next  morning,  it  was  decided  to  put  a  library 
worker  in  the  field  for  a  part  of  the  year,  the 
salary  to  be  paid  by  local  associations.  Gov- 
ernor Robinson  signified  his  approval  of  the 
work  undertaken  by  the  state  association  by 
appointing  an  honorary  commission,  com- 
posed of  Dr.  Brough,  University  of  Arkansas  ; 
C.  W.  L.  Armour  and  Miss  Eva  Reichardt. 
The  officers  elected  for  the  ensuing  year  were : 
President,  Miss  McNair,  Little  Rock;  first 


May,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


289 


vice  -  president,  Mrs.  Arthur  Jones,  Little 
Rock  ;  second  vice-president,  Mrs.  Lora  Gools- 
by,  Fort  Smith;  secretary,  Miss  Dorothy 
Lyon,  Little  Rock;  field  secretary,  Rabbi  Ja- 
son, Pine  Bluff. 

LOUISIANA    STATE  LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION 

The  third  annual  meeting  of  the  Louisiana 
State  Library  Association  was  held  at  Don- 
aldsonville, April  11-12,  in  the  Donaldsonville 
High  School  and  Public  Library.  Addresses 
of  welcome  were  given  by  Hon.  Charles 
Maurin  and  by  Dr.  J.  S.  Thibaut.  After  a 
few  words  of  response,  Mr.  William  Beer, 
president  of  the  Association,  spoke  on  library 
extension  in  Louisiana,  striking  the  keynote 
of  the  meeting  by  stressing  the  importance  of 
securing  a  library  commission  for  the  state. 
Miss  Inez  Mortland,  librarian  of  Louisiana 
State  University,  followed  with  a  paper  on 
"The  work  of  state  library  commissions."  An 
animated  discussion  followed. 

The  afternoon  session  opened  with  a  paper 
by  Miss  Annie  Laurie  Pujos  on  "Fiction  in 
our  public  libraries,"  a  subject  which  started 
much  amusing  comment.  Miss  Eleanor  Mitch- 
ell discussed  "The  branch  library."  Miss 
Elisabeth  Ducros,  of  Newcomb  College,  whose 
work  while  children's  librarian  of  New  Or- 
leans Public  Library  resulted  in  the  enlarging 
of  the  building  adequately  to  meet  the  de- 
mands of  growth,  read  a  delightful  paper  en- 
titled "In  the  children's  room."  Reports  from 
librarians  followed,  stating  progress  and  plans. 

At  the  close  of  the  second  session  a  motor 
trip  \vas  taken  to  Salsburg  plantation,  in  which 
beautiful  home  the  Association  members  were 
the  guests  of  Miss  Hays.  On  Friday  evening 
a  reception  was  given  the  Association  by  Mrs. 
Ferdinand  Lemann  at  her  home  in  Donald- 
sonville. 

The  third  and  business  session  was  held  on 
Saturday  a.m.  Report  of  the  traveling  library 
committee  was  given.  The  committee  re- 
ported between  five  and  six  hundred  books 
prepared  for  circulation,  and  that  traveling 
cases  had  been  acquired  by  purchase  and  gift, 
forms  of  application  and  readers'  slips  printed, 
etc.  A  sample  traveling  library  was  exhibited. 
It  was  reiterated  that  the  purppse  of  the  Asso- 
ciation in  sending  out  these  libraries,  and  in- 
cidently  enlarging  the  collection,  was  for  pur- 
poses of  demonstration,  and  to  arouse  interest 
in  securing  a  state  library  commission  for 
Louisiana. 

The  motion  was  carried  that  the  Association 
present  a  library  commission  bill  to  the  next 
General  Assembly. 

The  following  officers  were  elected :  presi- 
dent, J.  R.  Thornton,  Alexandria;  first  vice- 
president,  Minnie  M.  Bell,  New  Orleans;  sec- 
ond vice-president,  George  Hathaway,  Jen- 
nings;  secretary,  Helen  Wells  Dodd,  New 
Orleans;  treasurer,  Inez  Mortland,  Baton 
Rouge.  Executive  committee:  William  Beer, 
New  Orleans;  J.  S.  Thibaut,  Donaldsonville. 


After  the  business  session  a  question  box 
was  conducted  by  Miss  Dodd. 

Suitable  resolutions  were  voted  expressing 
appreciation  of  the  exceptional  interest,  en- 
thusiasm and  hospitality  of  the  people  of  Don- 
aldsonville. 

The  Association  numbers  71  members. 

HELEN  WELLS  DODD,  Secretary. 

PACIFIC  NORTHWEST  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

The  fourth  annual  conference  of  the  Pacific 
Northwest  Library  Association  will  be  held  in 
Tacoma,  Wash.,  June  12-14.  Program  an- 
nouncements will  be  made  later. 


Clubs 


CHICAGO   LIBRARY    CLUB 

The  regular  meeting  of  the  Chicago  Library 
Club  was  held  in  the  assembly  room  of  the 
Public  Library,  Thursday  evening,  April  10, 
at  8  p.m. 

The  club  had  the  pleasure  of  hearing  Miss 
Ethel  S.  Fegan,  librarian  of  Ladies'  College, 
Cheltenham,  England,  speak  on  "Some  ob- 
servations on  English  library  work."  Miss 
Fegan  immediately  commented  on  the  fact 
that  the  audience  was  composed  mostly  of 
women,  while  in  England  she  said  she  was 
often  the  only  woman  present  at  the  meetings 
of  her  branch  association.  She  stated  that  there 
are  very  few  women  in  the  municipal  libra- 
ries of  England,  and  these  hold  inferior  posi- 
tions. Some  colleges  employ  women,  and  all 
the  women's  colleges  have  women  librarians, 
but  they  are  generally  on  the  teaching  staff 
of  the  school  as  well,  and  are  practically  never 
trained  librarians.  Indeed,  there  are  very  few 
trained  librarians  in  England,  as  they  have  no 
library  schools  such  as  we  have  in  this  coun- 
try. Miss  Fegan,  for  the  past  few  years,  has 
been  conducting  a  small  training  class  in 
Cheltenham.  She  is  able  to  find  positions  for 
graduates,  but  the  municipal  libraries  give 
such  small  salaries  that  the  college  libraries 
offer  the  best  opportunity. 

Miss  Fegan  said  that  in  many  of  the  larger 
towns  much  attention  is  being  given  to  the 
needs  of  the  business  man.  Many  libraries 
have  information  bureaus,  where  quick  refer- 
ence work  is  done.  Newspaper  rooms  are 
prominent  features  of  the  work,  and  in  some 
cases  pen  and  ink  are  kept  on  the  table,  so 
that  advertisements  may  be  answered  from 
the  library.  In  other  libraries,  the  advertise- 
ments are  cut  out  of  the  paper  and  posted 
outside  the  door,  so  that  the  congestion 
around  the  newspaper  file  is  relieved.  The 
children's  room  is  growing  in  popularity,  but 
is  rather  a  difficult  problem,  as  there  'are  no 
trained  librarians  for  this  department.  New 
libraries  are  being  built  with  open  shelves,  so 
that  the  public  may  have  access  to  the  books. 
Miss  Fegan  gave  an  interesting  account  of 
the  work  the  English  Library  Association  is 


290 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


doing  in  library  education.  They  have  a  sys- 
tem of  lectures  and  examinations,  and  also 
correspondence  courses  for  those  who  live 
outside  of  London. 

The  club  is  indebted  to  Miss  Fegan  for  a 
very  pleasant  and  interesting  evening,  and  all 
took  advantage  of  the  opportunity  to  meet  her 
at  the  close  of  the  program. 

HELEN  HUTCHINSON,  Secy. 

OLD    COLONY  LIBRARY   CLUB 

The  spring  meeting  of  the  Old  Colony  Li- 
brary Qub  was  held  in  Bridgewater,  March 
27,  1913.  Mr.  W.  D.  Jackson  gave  the  ad- 
dress of  welcome,  and  Mr.  W.  W.  Bryant 
outlined  the  work  undertaken  by  the  commit- 
tee on  cooperation  to  be  accomplished  by 
means  of  local  secretaries,  urging  also  the  at- 
tendance of  librarians  and  trustees  upon  club 
meetings.  Mr.  Arthur  C.  Boyden,  principal 
of  the  Bridgewater  State  Normal  School, 
spoke  on  "The  library  as  an  educational  aid." 
The  round  table  was  most  helpfully  conducted 
by  Miss  Lucy  B.  Grain,  librarian  of  the  West 
Somerville  branch,  the  subject  for  considera- 
tion being  "The  work  of  the  library  with  the 
schools  and  younger  readers."  In  the  after- 
noon Mr.  Joshua  Crane,  librarian  of  the 
Taunton  Library,  reviewed  some  recent  books, 
and  Mr.  Robert  K.  Shaw,  librarian  in  Wor- 
cester, read  a  paper  on  "The  library  appropria- 
tion and  the  preparation  of  a  budget." 

NELLIE  THOMAS,  Secretary. 

SYRACUSE  LIBRARY  CLUB 

The  Syracuse  Library  Club  met  at  the  Uni- 
versity Library,  Saturday  evening,  March  15. 
The  club  enjoyed  one  of  the  most  entertain- 
ing programs  of  the  year,  consisting  of  reci- 
tations in  the  French-Canadian  dialect,  ren- 
dered in  a  very  delightful  style  by  Mr.  Douglas 
Petit,  a  director  of  the  Public  Library;  re- 
views of  some  of  the  more  important  books 
of  the  year  by  Mr.  Paul  Paine,  of  the  Public 
Library;  and  a  discussion  of  the  question, 
"Should  not  public  libraries  be  open  on  holi- 
days?" 

Miss  Edith  Clarke,  of  the  University  Li- 
brary, opened  the  discussion  with  a  report  as 
to  the  policy  pursued  by  the  more  important 
libraries  of  the  country.  She  was  followed 
by  Dr.  Mundy,  librarian  of  the  Public  Library, 
who  said  that  he  believed  that  every  argument 
in  favor  of  opening  at  all  held  even  more 
strongly  for  opening  on  holidays,  as  no  holi- 
day, except,  perhaps,  the  Fourth  of  July,  ab- 
sorbs the  attention  of  all  the  people. 

ELIZABETH  SMITH,  Secy. 

THE  MULTNOMAH  LIBRARY  CLUB 

The  Multnomah  Library  Qub,  which  has 
recently  been  formed  to  include  all  who  are 
interested  or  engaged  in  library  work  in  Mult- 
nomah County,  Oregon,  held  its  second  meet- 
ing in  the  North  Portland  branch  of  the  Port- 
land Public  Library  on  Friday  evening,  March 


28.  Mr.  George  Himes,  librarian  of  the  Ore- 
gon Historical  Society,  gave  an  illustrated 
talk  on  "Early  Oregon  history." 

LONG  ISLAND  LIBRARY  CLUB 

A  meeting  of  the  Long  Island  Library  Club 
was  held,  March  27,  in  the  auditorium  of  the 
Bedford  Branch  of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Li- 
brary, Franklin  avenue  and  Fulton  street. 
There  was  a  representative  attendance  at  the 
meeting,  which  was  originally  scheduled  to 
be  held  Thursday,  March  21.  There  were  no 
set  papers,  readings  from  various  authors 
taking  their  place.  The  first  speaker  of  the 
evening  was  Robert  G.  Welsh,  dramatic  critic 
of  the  Evening  Telegram.  Mr.  Welsh  gave 
two  entertaining  readings.  His  first  was  a 
story  from  the  Century  Magazine,  "The  mys- 
tery of  McGinniss,"  by  Charles  D.  Stewart. 
His  next  selection  was  an  excerpt  from  Punch 
on  the  play,  "Milestones." 

The  next  speaker  was  Miss  Sarah  B. 
Askew,  state  organizer  of  libraries  in  New 
Jersey,  who  gave  several  recitations  from 
"Uncle  Remus."  Miss  Hitchler  gave  an  ex- 
cellent reading,  "Mr.  Dooley  on  the  education 
of  children." 

Refreshments  were  served,  and  considerable 
time  spent  socially  after  the  readings. 

The   annual   meeting   will   be   held   on   the 
afternoon  of  May  15  at  Forest  Hills,  L.  I. 
ROBERT  L.  SMITH, 


OLibrarp  Scfoools  anfc  Uratnina 
Classes 


NEW  YORK  STATE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 
With  the  exception  of  those  students  who 
are  also  members  of  the  New  York  State 
Library  staff,  the  members  of  both  classes 
spent  nearly  the  whole  month  of  March  in 
different  approved  libraries.  Although  most 
of  them  were  in  libraries  in  New  York 
state,  eleven  other  libraries,  from  Somerville 
(Mass.)  on  the  east  to  Chicago  on  the  west, 
furnished  opportunities  for  practice.  College 
and  university  libraries  and  large,  medium 
and  small  public  libraries  were  represented. 
A  new  feature  was  the  reorganization  of  two 
town  libraries,  under  the  general  direction  of 
one  of  the  regular  library  organizers  of  the 
State  Library.  It  is  hoped  that  this  practical 
cooperation  with  the  educational  Extension 
division  may  increase  in  quality  in  the  future. 
The  regular  biennial  library  visit  to  the 
libraries  of  New  York,  Philadelphia  and 
Washington  extended  from  April  i  to  April  9. 
Owing  to  the  amount  of  time  spent  in  prac- 
tice work,  the  itinerary  was  somewhat  short- 
ened both  in  regard  to  the  time  included  and 
the  number  of  libraries  visited.  That  the 
courtesy  and  patience  of  the  librarians  and 
assistants  in  the  libraries  visited  were  again 
uniformly  proof  against  the  increasing  fre- 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


29I 


quency  of  such  visits  and  the  growing  length 
of  the  questionnaires  conducted  by  student 
committees  on  such  occasions,  is  a  high  com- 
pliment to  the  profession  as  a  whole.  The 
social  features  of  the  trip  included  teas  at 
the  Chatham  Square  branch  and  the  Library 
School  of  the  New  York  Public  Library,  the 
Drexel  Institute  Library  School  and  an  in' 
formal  reception  to  the  school  following  a 
meeting  of  the  District  of  Columbia  Library 
Club  on  the  evening  of  Tuesday,  April  8. 

Twenty  members  of  the  Pratt  Institute  Li- 
brary School,  accompanied  by  Miss  Gooch, 
visited  the  State  Library  and  the  quarters  of 
the  New  York  State  Library  School  on  Sat- 
urday, March  29. 

Mr.  George  lies,  so  well  known  to  librarians 
through  several  well-known  bibliographical 
works,  lectured  to  the  school  on  "Book  ap- 
praisal/' Friday,  April  18. 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

Anna  L.  Holding,  B.L.S.,  '08,  has  resigned 
her  position  as  first  assistant  in  the  East 
Liberty  Branch  of  the  Carnegie  Library  at 
Pittsburgh,  to  succeed  Miss  Corinne  A.  Metz 
as  librarian  of  the  Brumback  Library,  Van 
Wert,  O. 

F.  K.  WALTER, 
Vice-Director. 

PRATT  INSTITUTE  SCHOOL   OF  LIBRARY 
SCIENCE 

The  students  returned  from  the  spring  trip 
greatly  impressed  with  the  variety  and  in- 
terest of  the  libraries  seen,  and  with  the  un- 
varying cordiality  and  hospitality  with  which 
they  themselves  were  received.  The  two  great 
things  gained  by  such  a  trip  are  the  broaden- 
ing of  the  students'  horizon  by  showing  them 
that  there  are  indeed  "nine  and  sixty  ways" 
of  doing  most  things,  and  the  acquirement  by 
them  of  a  realizing  sense  of  the  esprit  de 
corps  that  prevails  among  library  workers  the 
world  over. 

The  class  was  entertained  at  luncheon  by 
the  New  York  State  Library  School  at  Al- 
bany ;  in  Boston  they  attended  a  meeting  of 
the  New  England  Genealogical  Society  by  in- 
vitation of  Mr.  C.  K.  Bolton;  at  Somerville 
some  of  the  trustees  of  the  public  library  took 
them  in  automobiles  to  visit  the  three  branches 
of  the  library.  The  hardest  day,  the  only  one 
with  an  evening  assignment,  was  brought  to 
a  happy  and  refreshing  close  by  a  party  in  the 
staff  room  of  the  Providence  Public  Library. 

Friday  afternoons,  during  the  third  term, 
are  devoted  to  visits  to  the  libraries  in  and 
around  New  York.  During  April  those  visits 
were  to  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library  admin- 
istration building  and  Montague  branch,  the 
central  building  of  the  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary (to  which  a  whole  afternoon  was  de- 
voted), and  the  Seward  Park  and  iisth  street 
branches  of  the  New  York  Public  Library. 

We  had  hoped  to  have  a  lecture  from  Miss 
Ethel  Fegan,  of  Cheltenham,  England,  before 


the  students  left  for  their  spring  trip,  but  her 
boat  was  delayed  two  days,  and  she  did  not 
get  over  to  the  school  until  just  as  they  were 
starting  off. 

The  list  of  interesting  biographies  of  mod- 
ern women  suitable  for  the  reading  of  Camp 
Fire  girls,  compiled  from  material  selected  by 
the  class  in  book  selection,  has  been  printed 
in  the  April  number  of  the  Pratt  Institute 
Free  Library  Booklist.  Separate  copies  have 
also  been  printed,  which  we  will  be  glad  to 
furnish  on  request. 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

Ethelwyn  Gaston,  '09,  has  undertaken  the 
work  of  organizing  a  German  technical  library 
belonging  to  Dr.  Foersterling,  of  Perth  Am- 
boy,  N.  J. 

Sally  M.  Akin,  '10,  has  been  made  librarian 
of  the  Battle  Creek  Sanitarium,  Battle  Creek, 
Mich. 

Emma  Rood,  '12,  who  returned,  on  gradua- 
tion, to  her  former  position  on  the  staff  of 
the  Omaha  Public  Library,  has  been  appointed 
librarian  at  Carnegie,  Pa. 

Mary  F.  Stebbins,  '12,  who  has  been  taking 
a  part-time  course  in  children's  library  work 
at  the  Cleveland  Public  Library,  is  acting 
librarian  of  the  children's  room  of  the  Mile 
Park  Branch. 

JOSEPHINE  ADAMS  RATHBONE, 
Vice-Director. 

CARNEGIE  LIBRARY   OF  PITTSBURGH- 
TRAINING  SCHOOL  FOR  CHILDREN'S 
LIBRARIANS 

Miss  Ethel  S.  Fegan,  librarian  of  Ladies' 
College,  Cheltenham,  Gloucestershire,  England, 
visited  the  school  and  gave  a  most  interesting 
talk  on  "Library  work  in  England." 

Miss  Marion  Dolye  Redenbaugh  has  been 
appointed  first  assistant  in  the  East  Liberty 
Branch  children's  room,  Carnegie  Library  of 
Pittsburgh. 

Miss  Lutie  E.  Stearns,  chief  of  the  travel- 
ing library  department,  Wisconsin  Free  Li- 
brary Commission,  visited  the  school,  April 
16-18,  the  topics  for  her  lectures  being  "What 
is  happening  to  the  American  home,"  "Library 
spirit,"  "The  library's  part  in  a  social  survey," 
and  "The  librarian's  life  and  labor." 

April  24,  the  junior  class,  with  Miss  Waller 
I.  Bullock,  chief  lending  librarian,  Central  Li- 
brary, visited  the  Reuben  McMillan  Library, 
Youngstown,  O.  The  following  two  days 
were  spent  visiting  the  Cleveland  Public  Li- 
brary. 

Miss  Alice  S.  Tyler,  secretary  and  director 
of  library  extension,  Iowa  Library  Commis- 
sion, visited  the  school  and  lectured  to  the 
class,  Monday,  April  28,  on  "Library  commis- 
sions;  their  field  and  functions,"  and  "Some 
problems  of  book  distribution." 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

Phebe  W.  Pomeroy,  '12,  has  resigned  from 
the  staff  of  the  St.  Louis  Public  Library,  and 


292 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


comes  to  Pittsburgh,  May  I,  as  first  assistant 
in  central  children's  room,  Carnegie  Library. 

Alice  I.  Hazeltine,  'o6-'o7,  has  resigned  from 
the  staff  of  the  Carnegie  Library  of  Pitts- 
burgh, owing  to  ill  health. 

DREXEL  INSTITUTE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

The  lectures  since  the  last  report  have  been 
as  follows : 

Miss  Jessie  Welles,  Carnegie  Library  of  Pitts- 
burgh, "Extension  work  of  a  large  public 
library." 

Mr.  James  I.  Wyer,  Jr.,  New  York  State  Li- 
brary, "The  New  York  State  Library." 
Miss  Margaret  A.  McVety,   Free   Public  Li- 
brary, Newark,  N.  J.,  "Budget  and  accounts 
of  a  small  public  library." 
Miss  Ethel   S.   Fegan,  Ladies'   College,   Chel- 
tenham, England,  "English  libraries." 
Miss  Mary  L.  Sutliff,  Library  School  of  the 
New    York    Public    Library,    "Government 
documents :    their    nature,    production    and 
distribution." 

Miss  June  R.  Donnelly,  Washington  Irving 
High  School,  New  York  City,  "Government 
documents"  (two  lectures). 
Miss  Mary  W.  Plummer,  Library  School  of 
the  New  York  Public  Library,  "Spanish 
novelists." 

The  students  have  had  thirteen  lectures 
from  instructors  in  the  Department  of  Com- 
merce and  Finance,  Drexel  Institute:  six  by 
Mr.  Carl  L.  Altmaier  on  "Proofreading  and 
business  correspondence,"  and  seven  by  Mr. 
Murray  Gross  on  "Business  customs  and  in- 
stitutions." 

The  course  in  library  administration  (Miss 
Bacon)  began  March  26. 

Four  lectures  on  "Processes  of  book  illus- 
tration" (Miss  Brown)  were  given  in  Febru- 
ary and  March. 

The  class  in  book  selection  began  in  April 
the  study  of  foreign  fiction. 

Examinations  were  given  in   subject  head- 
ings (March  14)  and  in  cataloging  (April  17). 
The   school   had   an   Easter   vacation    from 
March  20  to  24. 

Between  March  27  and  April  4,  the  students 
had  the  pleasure  of  entertaining  the  library 
schools  of  Syracuse  University,  New  York 
City  and  Albany. 

April  21  to  May  3  was  spent  in  practice 
work  in  the  libraries  of  Brooklyn,  New  York, 
Newark,  N.  J.,  Philadelphia,  Pittsburgh, 
Washington,  D.  C,  and  Wilmington,  Del. 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

Daisy  B.  Sabin,  '04,  has  resigned  her  posi- 
tion as  librarian  of  the  Public  Library  in 
Pottsville,  Pa.,  to  spend  some  months  in  Eu- 
ropean travel. 

Estella  Wolf,  Drexel,  '12,  has  accepted  a 
position  in  the  catalog  department  of  the  Car- 
negie Library,  Homestead,  Pa. 

Reba  F.  Lehmann,  Drexel,  '08,  has  resigned 
her  position  as  librarian  of  the  public  library 


at  Hazelton,  Pa.,  to  accept  a  position  in  the 
reference  department  of  the  Spokane,  Wash., 
public  library. 

CORINNE  BACON,  Director. 

LIBRARY   SCHOOL    OF    THE    UNIVERSITY    OF 
WISCONSIN 

The  customary  practice  of  putting  the  stu- 
dents upon  their  own  resources  after  five 
months  spent  in  the  study  of  theory  and  li- 
brary ideals,  by  sending  them  into  the  field 
for  two  months  of  practical  experience  during 
February  and  March  has  again  proved  one  of 
the  most  valuable  features  of  the  year's  work. 
The  students'  ideals  and  general  ability  in  all 
phases  of  library  work  are  put  to  the  test  dur- 
ing these  two  months  to  a  degree  that  could 
not  otherwise  obtain.  As  usual  the  students 
returned  from  their  field  practice  filled  with 
enthusiasm  for  their  profession,  and  the 
spring's  work  began  with  a  vim  and  a  ready 
grasp  of  ideas  that  tested  the  value  of  their 
work  in  the  field. 

Special  cataloging  was  done  by  the  students 
in  nine  libraries.  In  five  of  these  card  catalogs 
were  started,  involving  much  reclassification 
and  mechanical  change  of  labels,  pockets,  etc. ; 
in  several  cases  the  shelf  list  was  made  in  ad- 
dition. In  four,  a  systematic  revision  of  the 
old  catalogs  was  undertaken,  with  especial  em- 
phasis placed  on  full  analysis  of  the  books. 
Nineteen  students  had  practice  in  this  work, 
which  affords  the  best  possible  drill  in  tech- 
nique. Two  libraries  were  organized  with  the 
assistance  of  students.  Special  assistance  was 
given  to  sixteen  small  libraries,  and  help  in 
general  routine  and  daily  work  to  ten-  of  the 
larger  libraries  of  the  state. 

The  students  had  a  share  in  all  phases  of 
library  activity.  All  were  required  to  do  some 
definite  publicity  for  the  library  to  which  they 
were  assigned.  Weekly  notes  for  the  papers 
and  bulletins  and  lists  were  prepared  by  many ; 
upon  the  reopening  of  school,  a  display  of  such 
work  was  made. 

Work  with  the  schools  was  required  of  most 
of  the  students,  including  talks  to  the  children 
in  the  grades  and  the  high  school  on  the  use 
of  the  library  and  care  of  books.  In  libraries 
where  this  was  already  being  done,  the  stu- 
dents were  allowed  to  assist.  Lists  of  ques- 
tions on  the  use  of  books  were  prepared  for 
students  in  a  college  course,  where  the  classes 
came  to  the  library  for  instruction  and  practice. 
Much  practice  was  afforded  in  conducting 
story  hours  and  in  other  phases  of  work  with 
children.  A  number  of  students  assisted  in 
taking  inventory  and  weeding  out  the  collec- 
tions ;  periodical  files  were  put  in  order  and 
filed  in  pamphlet  boxes.  In  two  instances  the 
students  had  the  interesting  experience  of  di- 
recting the  moving  of  the  library  into  new 
quarters,  one  being  asked  to  give  an  address 
at  the  dedication  of  the  new  building.  Thus 
the  opportunity  of  testing*  ideas  gained  in  the 
various  courses  was  always  at  hand.  The 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


293 


work  was  directed  carefully,  either  by  libra- 
rians of  training  and  experience,  or  by  the 
instructional  staff. 

The  spring  term  opened  Thursday,  April  3. 
Several  periods  during  the  first  and  second 
weeks  were  devoted  to  field  observations  and  a 
comparison  of  methods.  The  observations, 
which  include  building  and  equipment,  book 
selection,  loan,  reference,  social  conditions  of 
the  city,  cataloging  and  classification,  and  li- 
brary economy,  follow  a  definite  printed  out- 
line prepared  by  the  faculty  for  each  subject 
taught  in  the  school,  and  distributed  to  the 
students  before  going  into  the  field,  giving 
them  an  understanding  of  the  scope  of  the 
work  to  be  undertaken,  and  the  results  ex- 
pected. 

The  schedule  of  lessons  for  the  spring  quar- 
ter includes  the  regular  lectures  in  reference 
and  book  selection,  with  new  courses  in  chil- 
dren's work,  binding,  equipment  and  adminis- 
tration, subject  bibliography,  and  public  docu- 
ments. 

The  school  was  exceptionally  fortunate  dur- 
ing the  opening  days  of  the  term  to  have  spe- 
cial lectures  from  Dr.  H.  C.  Bumpus,  business 
manager  of  the  University,  on  "Exhibitions  as 
literary  stimuli";  from  the  chairman  of  the 
Wisconsin  Library  Commission,  the  Honor- 
able William  H.  Hatton,  on  the  topic  the 
"Librarian's  opportunity  to  further  modern 
social  movements,"  and  from  Mr.  J.  David 
Thompson,  formerly  chief,  Division  of  Docu- 
ments, Library  of  Congress,  on  "The  collec- 
tion and  use  of  official  publications."  Miss 
Ethel  S.  Fegan,  librarian  of  Cheltenham  Ladies' 
College,  honored  the  school  with  a  day's  visit, 
and  during  the  day  giving  the  class  their  first 
view  of  English  libraries  in  a  delightful  talk 
on  "Libraries  in  England." 

ALUMNI    NOTES 

Harriet  Bixby,  '09,  has  been  appointed  libra- 
rian of  the  Agricultural  College  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Missouri. 

Louise  Randall,  '10,  resigned  as  librarian  of 
the  Carnegie  branch  of  the  St.  Joseph  (Mo.) 
Public  Library,  and  assumed  the  librarianship 
of  the  Public  Library  of  Whiting,  Ind. 

Wilhelmina  Van  der  Haagen,  '12,  was  mar- 
ried on  March  28  to  Mr.  George  P.  Edmonds. 
Their  home  will  be  in  Manistique,  Mich. 

SUMMER    SESSION 

The  summer  session  is  announced  from 
June  21  to  Aug.  I.  This  term  of  six  weeks 
will  include  elementary  instruction  in  general 
library  work,  and  only  those  already  holding 
library  positions  are  eligible  for  admission. 
The  course  includes  20  lessons  in  dictionary 
cataloging,  12  in  the  decimal  classification,  15 
in  reference  work,  10  in  book  selection  and 
buying,  12  in  library  economy,  including  ac- 
cession, shelf-listing,  binding,  mending,  etc. 
There  will  be  special  lectures  on  library  ex- 
tension, publicity,  the  relation  of  library  and 
schools. 


The  faculty  of  the  regular  school  will  con- 
duct the  work  of  instruction,  and  well-known 
librarians  will  give  special  lectures. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

The  regular  March  meeting  of  the  Library 
Club  was  held  at  Osborne  Hall,  on  the  i8th. 
Miss  Frances  Simpson,  assistant  director,  gave 
a  lecture  describing  a  summer  in  Scotland  and 
England,  and  Miss  Elizabeth  Bryan  sang.  The 
lecture  was  illustrated  by  the  radioscope. 

During  the  week  beginning  March  3  the 
nUembers  of  the  Library  School,  including 
both  junior  and  senior  classes,  made  the  usual 
visit  of  inspection  to  the  libraries,  book  stores, 
printing  establishments,  and  binderies  of  Chi- 
cago, Evanston,  and  Oak  Park.  The  visit  to 
Chicago  is  now  a  biennial  one,  and  alternates 
with  a  similar  trip  to  St.  Louis.  The  party 
consisted  of  24  students,  in  charge  of  the  as- 
sistant director  and  Miss  Adah  Patton,  of  the 
library  staff,  with  headquarters  at  the  Audi- 
torium Hotel.  Among  other  interesting  ex- 
periences was  an  evening  at  Hull  House,  the 
school  having  dinner  in  the  Coffee  House,  and 
remaining  afterward  for  the  presentation  of 
"Kindling,"  by  the  Hull  House  players. 

Mr.  Adam  Strohm,  'oo,  acting  librarian  of 
the  Detroit  Public  Library,  visited  the  school 
April  7  and  8.  His  lecture  before  the  school 
was  on  "The  administration  and  work  of  a 
large  public  library." 

Miss  Ethel  S.  Fegan,  librarian  of  the  Ladies' 
College,  Cheltenham,  England,  lectured  before 
the  Library  School  on  April  n  and  12  on  "The 
great  university  and  reference  libraries  in 
England,"  and  on  "Library  training  in  Great 
Britain." 

Edna  Lyman  Scott,  lecturer  in  children's 
literature,  began  her  five  weeks'  work  in  the 
school  April  7.  During  her  period  of  resi- 
dence she  will  meet  the  seniors  five  days  each 
week  and  the  juniors  two  days. 

The  1912  A.  L.  A.  Handbook  shows  that  135 
former  students  in  this  school  are  members  of 
the  American  Library  Association.  This  is 
six  and  two-thirds  per  cent,  of  the  non-insti- 
tutional members. 

ALUMNI  NOTES 

Margaret  Gramesly,  B.L.S.,  '04,  has  been 
appointed  on  the  staff  of  the  Missouri  Library 
Commission,  with  headquarters  at  Jefferson 
City. 

Lucy  Lewis,  B.L.S.,  '06,  assistant  librarian 
of  the  Oregon  State  Agricultural  College,  at 
Corvallis,  has  been  granted  a  year's  leave  of 
absence  to  begin  about  the  first  of  May. 

Sabra  L.  Nason,  '07,  who  resigned  recently 
from  the  librarianship  of  the  Fort  Dodge, 
Iowa,  Public  Library,  will  take  charge  for  six 
months  of  the  Waterloo,  Iowa,  Public  Library, 
during  the  leave  of  absence  of  Fanny  Duren, 
'03,  the  librarian,  who  is  to  spend  a  half  year 
in  Europe. 

Mary  P.  Billingsley,  B.  L.  S.,  '08,  leaves  the 


294 


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[May,  1913 


Catalog  Department  of  the  Kansas  State  Li- 
brary at  Topeka,  for  a  position  in  charge  of 
the  documents  in  the  Kansas  City  (Mo.) 
Public  Library. 

Agnes  B.  Cooper,  '10,  has  resigned  her  posi- 
tion as  cataloger  at  the  Kansas  State  Agricul- 
tural College  at  Manhattan,  to  accept  a  posi- 
tion in  the  Kansas  City  (Mo.)  Public  Library. 
P.  L.  WINDSOR,  Director. 

LIBR4RY    SCHOOL    OF    THE    NEW    YORK 
PUBLIC   LIBRARY 

The  party  of  students  taking  the  Washington- 
Philadelphia  trip  during  Easter  week  num- 
bered 18,  and  was  accompanied  by  Miss*  Van 
Valkenburgh.  Leaving  New  York  on  the  22d, 
they  spent  four  and  a  half  days  in  Washington, 
visiting  the  Library  of  Congress,  the  Public 
Library,  where  they  were  entertained  at  tea, 
the  Library  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture, 
the  Smithsonian  Museum,  and  the  Office  of 
the  Superintendent  of  Documents.  On  Easter 
Sunday  the  students  visited  Arlington,  carry- 
ing a  tribute  of  flowers  for  the  last  resting 
place  of  Dr.  John  S.  Billings,  late  director  of 
the  library;  and  time  was  found  for  a  journey 
to  Mt.  Vernon,  as  well  as  to  do  other  general 
sight-seeing. 

In  Philadelphia  a  day  and  a  half  were  profit- 
ably spent  in  visiting  the  Free  Library  and 
some  of  its  branches,  the  Library  and  Museum 
of  Pennsylvania  University,  the  Commercial 
Museum  and  Library,  and  Drexel  Institute  Li- 
brary and  Library  School,  where  the  party  en- 
j  pyed  the  hospitality  of  the  school  at  tea.  Other 
visits  were  made  by  individual  students,  some 
of  whom  remained  over  for  a  second  day. 

The  work  of  the  new  term  began  March  31. 
Six  sewing  benches  have  been  added  to  the 
school  equipment,  and  on  several  mornings  of 
the  week  Miss  Murray,  who  has  charge  of 
the  binding  of  the  circulating  books  of  the 
library,  instructs  in  book-sewing,  pamphlet 
binding,  etc.  Miss  Buchanan,  formerly  of  the 
Pratt  Institute  Free  Library,  has  joined  the 
school  force  to  look  after  the  mechanical  work 
with  the  school  collections,  and  is  instructing 
the  students  in  mounting,  labeling,  making 
magazine  covers,  etc. 

The  local  library  visits  of  the  term  are  to 
be  made  on  Wednesday  afternoons,  and  began 
on  April  2,  with  the  Library  of  the  United 
Engineering  Societies,  and  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association.  On  April  10,  the  prin- 
cipal conducted  the  party  to  Columbia  Univer- 
sity Library  and  the  Teachers'  College  Library, 
and  on  the  I7th  visits  were  made  to  the  Mer- 
cantile, Cooper  Union  and  Society  Libraries. 
On  April  3  the  school  had  the  pleasure  of  en- 
tertaining the  vice-director  and  students  of  the 
New  _York  State  School  on  their  way  to 
Washington. 

Lectures  given  since  the  last  report  have 
been  as  follows:  to  the  seniors  in  administra- 
tion, on  "State  library  extension,"  by  Miss 
Sarah  B.  Askew ;  on  "Library  training  in  Eng- 


land," by  Miss  Ethel  Fegan,  librarian  of  the 
Ladies'  College,  Cheltenham,  England;  on  the 
"Order-work  of  the  Circulation  Department," 
by  Mr.  Leroy  Jeffers,  and  the  "Order-work  of 
the  Reference  Department,"  by  Mr.  George  J. 
Coombes,  of  the  library  s.taff. 

The  seniors  in  the  children's  librarians' 
course  are  compiling  lists  of  satisfactory  sto- 
ries for  telling  to  children,  under  Miss  Tyler's 
supervision.  They  have  recently  made  their 
report  on  their  visits  to  a  number  of  public 
school  grades.  Each  member  of '  the  class  has 
prepared  a  picture-bulletin,  "Exploration  and 
discovery,"  "Robert  Louis  Stevenson,"  and  "St. 
Valentine's  Day"  being  the  subjects.  A  special 
case  is  being  made  for  these  and  the  collection 
will  be  subject  to  loan,  if  the  branches  need 
any  of  the  bulletins  for  special  occasions. 

The  juniors  recently  enjoyed  a  lecture  on 
"The  library  and  the  museum,"  by  Mr.  Henry 
W.  Kent,  of  the  Metropolitan  Museum,  and 
both  classes,  with  about  one  hundred  of  the 
library  staff,  had  the  pleasure  of  hearing  Mr. 
Alfred  Noyes  on  "The  future  of  poetry."  Mr. 
Noyes  read  several  of  his  own  poems,  includ- 
ing the  "Barrel  organ"  and  "Forty  singing 
seamen,"  which  are  general  favorites. 

The  senior  class  is  disbanding  gradually, 
Misses  Crowell  and  Macardell  having  gone  to 
the  East  Orange  Public  Library,  from  which 
they  come  in  twice  a  week  for  their  work  at 
the  school,  while  Miss  Abbott  has  undertaken 
work  in  the  Wellesley  College  Library  that 
will  occupy  the  better  part  of  a  year  and  en- 
able her  to  finish  her  last  term's  work  with, 
next  year's  seniors.  The  class  gave  a  farewell 
dinner  before  this  last  departure  and  had  a 
class  photograph  taken.  Several  juniors  have 
asked  for  and  obtained  part-time  paid  practice 
in  the  main  building  this  term. 

About  two-thirds  of  the  junior  class  have 
applied  for  senior  work. 

The  school  examined  candidates  for  the 
tenth  probation  period  April  15. 

MARY  W.  PLUMMER,  Principal. 

UNIVERSITY    OF    TENNESSEE    LIBRARY 
COURSE 

The  University  of  Tennessee  will  give  a  six 
weeks'  course  for  teacher-librarians,  from 
June  24  to  Aug.  i.  This  is  the  second  year  of 
the  course,  and  the  instruction  will  be  given 
by  Miss  Fay  and  Miss  Eaton,  of  the  Univer- 
sity Library,  with  the  cooperation  of  the  State 
Library  Commission. 

INDIANA  SUMMER  SCHOOL  FOR  LIBRARIANS 

The  Summer  School  for  Librarians  will  be 
conducted  at  Earlham  this  summer  from  July 
2  to  Aug.  12.  The  school  is  open,  as  formerly, , 
to  persons  actually  engaged  in  library  work 
or  having  definite  appointment  to  positions. 
In  accordance  with  the  recommendation  of 
the  joint  committee  of  the  Indiana  Library  As- 
sociation and  the  Indiana  Library  Training 
School  on  qualifications  of  librarians,  the  com- 


May,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


295 


mission  will  require  all  those  who  have  had 
no  experience  to  do  four  weeks'  apprentice 
work  in  a  good  library  before  coming  to  Earl- 
ham,  unless  specifically  excused  from  such 
service  by  the  Public  Library  Commission. 

During  the  last  two  years  applicants  for  ad- 
mission to  the  course  have  been  required  to 
read  Dana's  Library  primer  and  Bostwick's 
The  American  public  library.  This  year  the 
reading  of  an  additional  book  is  required, 
Miss  Olcott's  The  children's  reading.  So 
much  must  be  done  during  the  six  weeks' 
course  that  it  is  absolutely  necessary  for  stu- 
dents to  have  some  general  knowledge  of  li- 
brarianship  before  their  arrival. 

There  will  be  a  tuition  fee  of  $10  to  stu- 
dents from  outside  the  state,  but  the  course  is 
free  to  all  Indiana  libiarians.  The  expenses 
for  board  and  room  at  Earlham  will  be  $25 
for  the  term,  and  the  necessary  supplies  will 
cost  perhaps  $10  or  $15. 

The  instructors  will  be  Miss  Scott,  Miss 
Williams  and  Mr.  Milam  of  the  commission, 
and  an  instructor  in  reference  work  to  be 
selected.  The  secretary  of  the  Public  Library 
Commission  will  furnish  further  informa- 
tion. 

SYRACUSE    UNIVERSITY   LIBRARY   SCHOOL 

The  senior  class  of  the  Library  School,  ac- 
companied by  the  director,  made  the  annual 
library  trip  to  Washington,  Philadelphia,  New 
York  and  vicinity.  They  resumed  work  after 
a  few  days  of  rest  on  April  7. 

Their  official  visits  included,  among  the 
United  States  government  libraries,  the  Li- 
brary of  Congress,  the  District  of  Columbia 
Public  Library,  the  Library  of  the  Bureau  of 
Education  and  also  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture.  In  Washington,  the  new  library 
for  the  blind,  established  under  private  patron- 
age, but  known  as  the  National  Library  for 
the  Blind,  was  also  visited.  Among  college 
and  school  libraries,  the  class  visited  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  Drexel  Institute,  New 
York  University,  Pratt  Institute,  Union  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  Columbia  University,  includ- 
ing the  Avery  Architectural  Library.  The  main 
libraries  and  some  of  the  branches  of  the 
public  libraries  of  Philadelphia,  New  York, 
Brooklyn  and  Newark  were  included  in  the 
trip. 

In  addition  to  the  work  of  the  trip,  the 
class  enjoyed  many  social  and  educational 
privileges.  Among  the  social  features  were 
tea  at  the  Pratt  Institute  Library  and  the  re- 
union and  dinner  of  the  former  students  of 
the  school  who .  are  residing  in  the  vicinity 
of  New  York  City  at  the  Hotel  Martha 
Washington  on  the  evening  of  March  31. 
Miss  Clara  Hunt,  superintendent  of  the  chil- 
dren's department  of  the  Brooklyn  Public 
Library,  was  a  guest  of  honor  at  the  dinner. 

The  junior  class  returned  from  their  Easter 
vacation  of  a  week  on  March  27. 

MARY  J.  SIBLEY,  Director. 


UNIVERSITY   OF  COLORADO   SUMMER   SES- 
SION 

The  University  of  Colorado  announces  a 
course  in  library  science  and  practice  suitable 
to  the  management  of  the  average  high  school 
library.  Address  the  director,  University  of 
Colorado,  Boulder. 

WESTERN  RESERVE    UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 
SCHOOL 

Miss  Barden  has  recovered  from  her  recent 
illness  and,  since  the  Easter  vacation,  has  re- 
sumed her  regular  work.  The  courses  in 
subject  headings  and  trade  bibliography  have 
been  completed,  and  their  places  in  the  sched- 
ule are  being  filled  by  the  technical  practice 
work  on  the  books  purchased  for  the  East 
Station  of  the  Public  Library,  and  the  course 
in  public  documents  conducted  by  Mr.  Hirsh- 
berg.  The  course  in  bookbinding  and  repair 
is  also  in  progress,  with  Miss  Stiles  as  in- 
structor. 

During  the  past  two  months  the  following 
people  have  lectured  to  the  students : 

Miss  Clara  Myers,  associate  professor  of  Eng- 
lish, College  for  Women,  W.  R.  U.,  "The 
essay." 

Mrs.  A.  S.  Hobart,  stations  librarian,  Cleve- 
land Public  Library,  "Continental  novelists." 

Mrs.  J.  A.  Herron,  library  editor,  Cleveland 
Public  Library,  "Translations." 

Miss  Mary  Keffer,  professor  of  art,  Lake 
Erie  College,  "Books  upon  art." 

Mr.  G.  O.  Ward,  technical  librarian,  Cleve- 
land Public  Library,  "Representative  tech- 
nical reference  books." 

Dr.  Theodore  W.  Koch,  librarian  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan  Library,  "Some  old- 
time,  old-world  librarians."  This  lecture  was 
on  the  alumni  lectureship  foundation,  and 
was  enjoyed  by  many  invited  guests  and 
alumni.  An  informal  tea  was  given  after 
the  lecture. 

ALUMNI  NOTES 

Mary  Scott  Wallis,  '06,  librarian  of  the 
Western  High  School  of  Baltimore,  is  for 
the  time-being  assistant  reference  librarian  of 
the  municipal  reference  branch  of  the  Cleve- 
land Public  Library. 

Louise  Catherine  Sadlier,  '07,  has  resigned 
her  position  of  assistant  in  the  circulating  de- 
partment of  the  Develand  Public  Library,  and 
is  now  connected  in  a  business  capacity  with 
the  Electric  Shop  of  Cleveland. 

JULIA  M.  WHITTLESEY,  Director. 

1Re\>fews 

HOWE,  Winifred  E.  A  history  of  the  Metro- 
politan Museum  of  Art,  with  a  chapter  on 
the  early  institutions  of  art  in  New  York. 
xvi-|-36i  p.  il.  O.  New  York,  Metropolitan 
Museum,  1913. 
The  development  of  the  museum  idea  in 

this  country  parallels  in  many  ways  the  his- 


296 


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[May,  1913 


tory  of  the  library,  while  the  cooperation  of 
the  museum,  the  school  and  the  library  is 
bringing  about  educational  efficiency.  Such 
being  the  case,  a  history  of  our  foremost  art 
museum  must  prove  stimulating  and  sugges- 
tive. 

The  volume  has  been  prepared  by  Winifred 
E.  Howe,  under  the  direction,  and  with  the 
collaboration,  of  Henry  W.  Kent,  assistant 
secretary  of  the  museum.  It  is  an  attractive 
octavo  of  nearly  four  hundred  pages,  contain- 
ing numerous  portraits,  views  of  buildings, 
plans  and  facsimiles,  with  a  foreword  by  the 
secretary,  Robert  W.  de  Forest.  It  is  an  his- 
torical account  of  growth  and  progress,  large- 
ly based  on  the  minutes  of  meetings  and  other 
filed  papers.  The  present  administration 
would  seem  to  have  been  singularly  unham- 
pered in  working  out  its  progressive  policy 
by  restrictions  too  often  imposed  by  preced- 
ing generations.  There  is  little  attempt  to 
discuss  museum  technique,  and  there  is  little 
or  no  personal  reminiscence,  but,  notwith- 
standing the  documentary  character  of  its 
sources,  the  book  is  very  readable. 

The  introduction,  comprising  ninety-three 
pages,  gives  briefly  the  history  of  the  institu- 
tions of  art  in  New  York  during  the  last 
century.  The  history  of  the  museum  itself 
deals  with  the  period  of  organization,  1869- 
1871 ;  the  museum  in  the  Dodworth  Building, 
1871-1873;  in  the  Douglas  Mansion,  1873-1879; 
the  first  years  in  Central  Park,  1880-1888 ;  the 
first  addition  to  the  building,  1888-1894;  con- 
tinued extension,  1895-1905  ;  and  the  presidency 
of  J.  Pierpoint  Morgan,  1905-1912.  From  a 
very  modest  beginning,  a  little  over  forty 
years  ago,  the  museum  now  has  an  endow- 
ment for  purchase  fund  alone  of  over 
$10,000,000. 

The  growth  of  the  museum  library  is  out- 
lined very  briefly,  although  its  present  extent 
is  not  given,  an  omission  consistent  with  the 
scope  of  the  book,  which  does  not  attempt  to 
treat  departmental  work  in  detail.  A  few 
books  and  pamphlets  had  accumulated  previ- 
ous to  1880,  when  the  museum  moved  into  its 
permanent  home.  Its  progress  was  slow  until 
1901,  when  a  part  of  the  income  of  the  Jacob 
S.  Rogers  fund  (estimated  at  from  $5,000,000 
to  $7,000,000)  became  available.  As  a  result 
of  this  wider  opportunity  for  development, 
it  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  library  com- 
mittee reported  that,  in  its  judgment,  "The 
museum  library  should  be  a  storehouse  of  in- 
formation upon  any  subject  illustrated  by  the 
museum  collections — irrespective  of  the  fact 
that  the  same  or  similar  books  are  to  be 
found  upon  the  shelves  of  other  city  libraries 
— in  order  that  the  necessary  sources  of  in- 
formation may  be  open  and  easy  of  access  to 
the  directors  and  curators  of  the  museum,  and 
also  to  all  of  its  visitors  who  are  students 
and  not  simply  sightseers.  .  .  The  acquisition 
of  fine  and  rare  books  would  appear  to  be 
within  the  province  of  a  library  of  art.  Mon- 
uments of  early  printing,  illuminated  manu- 


scripts, and  book  bindings  from  the  hands  of 
renowned  bibliopegists  of  former  times  are  as 
much  works  of  art  as  paintings  on  canvas  or 
sculptures  in  stone,  and  as  full  of  the  inspira- 
tion that  flows  only  from  original  works  of 
art."  In  1910,  the  library,  moved  into  its 
present  quarters,  an  annex  built  especially  for 
it.  Here  a  room  was  provided  for  the  study 
collection  of  photographs,  numbering  33,423 
in  January,  1912. 

Other  topics  touched  upon  in  the  volume 
are  the  facilities  offered  art  students.  Sunday 
opening,  to  which  there  was  violent  opposition, 
the  publication  of  the  Museum  Bulletin,  the 
sale  of  photographs,  decent  service,  the  set- 
ting aside  of  a  special  room  for  the  exhibition 
of  the  most  recent  accessions,  loan  exhibitions, 
work  with  the  schools,  use  of  lantern  slides, 
lectures,  etc. 

The  index  leaves  much  to  be  desired,  be- 
cause many  topics  which  would  naturally  be 
looked  for  according  to  alphabetic  arrange- 
ment are  placed  under  the  heading  of  Metro- 
politan Museum. 

SUSAN  $.,  HUTCHINSON. 

GRAY,  W.  Forbes,  ed.  Books  that  count;  a 
dictionary  of  standard  books.  New  York, 
Macmillan.  $1.75  n. 

^  "Books  that  count,"  edited  by  W.  Forbes 
Gray,  seems  well  up  to  its  sub-title — "a  dic- 
tionary of  standard  books."  It  is  in  many 
ways  less  pretentious  than  Sonnenschein's 
"Best  books,"  on  which  it  has  drawn,  and  the 
A.  L.  A.  Catalog,  to  neither  of  which  has 
reference  been  made  at  all.  Some  5500  books 
are  indexed  and  briefly  characterized  under 
14  broad  subject  classifications,  arranged  al- 
phabetically, from  Biography  to  Sports  and 
Pastimes.  Under  each  class,  the  books  are 
grouped  under  more  specific  divisions,  which 
are  themselves  frequently  subdivided,  usually 
by  country.  The  main  text,  330  pages,  lists 
the  books  in  two  columns  to  the  page,  with 
full  bibliographic  details,  full  names  of  au- 
thors, dates  of  birth  and  death,  and  fre- 
quently compares  the  books  briefly  with 
other  titles  on  the  same  subject.  Otherwise, 
the  notes  are  descriptive  and  expository,  rather 
than  critical.  In  biography,  only  one  book  on 
each  person,  no  matter  how  prominent,  is 
given  an  individual  entry,  and  this  one  is  the 
standard  from  the  editor's  point  of  view — 
perhaps  from  the  point  of  view  of  all  but 
the  scholar  and  specialist,  for  whom  "Books 
that  count"  is  not  intended. 

In  scope,  the  work  claims  to  take  note  "only 
of  books  that  are  English  (together  with  out- 
standing foreign  books  of  which  good  trans- 
lations exist)  ;  that  present  concisely,  clearly 
and  authoritatively  the  general  aspects  of  the 
subject  with  which  they  deal;  and  that  are 
thoroughly  modern  in  aim  and  outlook,  easily 
accessible  and  purchasable  at  a  moderate 
price."  While  books  by  English  authors  are 
by  far  in  the  majority,  continental  literature, 
both  old  and  new,  and  American  works  are 


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297 


all  well  represented.  One  notes,  however,  the 
absence  of  such  well-known  historians  as  Al- 
bert Bushnell  Hart  and  George  Bancroft, 
while  lesser  lights,  such  as  E.  B.  Andrews  and 
Helen  A.  Smith,  are  given  full  entries. 

The  book  is  provided  with  two  indexes,  the 
first  by  authors  and  the  second  by  titles.  The 
title  index  is  not  compiled  according  to  the 
usual  cataloging  rules  for  titles,  but  is  largely 
a  subject  index,  made  by  inverting  the  title 
to  bring  the  entry  under  its  most  important 
subject  word.  Both  of  the  indexes  are  very 
complete,  listing  authors  and  titles  in  the 
notes  as  well  as  in  the  main  entries,  and  re- 
ferring to  the  exact  column  of  the  text.  En- 
tries in  the  addenda  are  also  covered  by  the 
Index. 

On  the  whole,  the  book  will  prove  useful 
for  quick  reference,  particularly  for  English 
works.  While  the  paper  is  rather  poor  and 
the  type  necessarily  small,  the  volume  is  the 
right  size  (stout  duodecimo)  for  easy  consul- 
tation. T.  H. 

OLCOTT,  Frances  Jenkins.  The  children's  read- 
ing. Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $1.25  n. 
Every  librarian  whose  work  with  children 
makes  any  impression  on  a  community  is  con- 
fronted with  the  problem  not  only  of  supply- 
ing a  sufficient  number  of  sufficiently  good 
books  for  his  young  borrowers,  but  with  the 
more  difficult  and  usually  less  recognized  ob- 
ligation of  influencing  the  home  standards  of 
book  selection.  The  efforts  of  the  public  li- 
brarian to  stem  the  tide  of  viciousness  and 
mediocrity  in  children's  reading  sometimes 
seem  about  an  effective  as  would  her  at- 
tempts to  stop  a  flood  after  the  dam  had 
broken. 

So  long  as  the  agents  can  tell  us  that  the 
juvenile  "best  sellers"  are  books  which  no 
thoughtful  librarian  would  permit  on  his 
shelves,  just  so  long  must  we  feel  that  the 
public  library  has  not  met  the  problem  of 
influencing  the  reading  taste  of  the  children 
in  a  way  that  will  make  for  that  citizen  train- 
irig  which  is  our  excuse  for  being;  and  until 
social  workers  in  general  recognize  the  im- 
portance of  parents  in  the  scheme  of  things, 
the  "best  sellers"  will  continue  to  be  the 
books  ol  inferior  merit. 

While  the  library  is  giving  careful  study  to 
its  book  selection,  thousands  of  our  youngsters 
are  being  freely  supplied  by  their  relatives 
with  quarters  for  the  purchase  of  interminable 
stories  of  the  series  brand,  calculated  to  de- 
stroy mental,  if  not  moral,  fiber  faster  than 
any  school,  college  or  library  can  build  it  up. 
We  librarians  must  make  more  vigorous  ef- 
forts to  rouse  parents  to  a  sense  of  the  good- 
ness of  the  good  and  the  badness  of  the  bad 
books  in  their  influence  upon  the  children; 
and  at  last  we  have  a  handbook  which  we 
can  heartily  recommend  to  those  parents  when 
they  ask  us  for  the  most  valuable  and  the 
most  practical  book  of  advice  to  be  had  on 
the  subject  of  their  children's  reading. 


Miss  Olcott's  experience  makes  her  book  an 
authority  on  its  subject.  A  fourteen-years' 
study  of  the  reading  tastes,  unguided  and 
guided,  of  a  cityful  of  children,  representing 
ancestry  and  environment  the  most  diverse, 
has  given  Miss  Olcott  an  equipment  possessed 
by  no  previous  author  of  a  volume  on  chil- 
dren's reading. 

Added  to  this  knowledge  of  her  subject  a 
clear  and  logical  arrangement,  and  a  straight- 
forward manner  of  presenting  her  material, 
the  author  has  well  carried  out  her  purpose 
of  meeting  in  a  simple  and  practical  way  the 
following  questions  often  asked  by  parents : 

"Of  what  value  are  books  in  the  education 
of  my  children?" 

"What  is  the  effect  of  bad  reading?" 
"How  may  I  interest  my  children  in  home 
reading?" 

"What  kind  of  books  dp  children  like?" 
"What  books  shall  I  give  my  growing  boy 
and  girl?" 

"Where  and  how  may  I  procure  books?" 
In  addition  to  the  chapters  discussing  the 
influence  of  good  and  of  bad  books,  children's 
interests  and  ways  of  guiding  reading,  the 
selection  of  picture  books,  fairy  tales  and  fic- 
tion, history,  etc.,  the  appendices,  "How  to 
procure  books  through  the  public  library,"  and 
"How  to  procure  children's  books  by  pur- 
chase," will  be  particularly  valuable  to  the 
parent  and  the  librarian  remote  from  large 
book  centers.  Frequently  readers,  eager  to 
follow  suggestions  offered  by  experts,  are 
baffled  by  the  difficulties  of  obtaining  the  books 
recommended.  These  extremely  practical  ap- 
pendices, giving  information  about  state  li- 
brary commissions  and  about  the  buying  of 
the  books  listed,  add  much  to  the  practical 
usefulness  of  the  handbook. 

CLARA  W.  HUNT. 

CLASSIFICATION,  THEORETICAL  AND  PRACTICAL; 
together  with  an  appendix  containing  an 
essay  towards  a  bibliographical  history  of 
system  of  classification.  By  Ernest  Cush- 
ing  Richardson.  16+154  P-  O.  Scribner, 
1912. 

Although  written  over  a  decade  ago,  for 
the  book  is  a  reprint,  with  additions  of  lec- 
tures before  the  New  York  State  Library 
School  in  1900-01,  this  study  of  Dr.  Richard- 
son's, which  has  just  been  issued  in  some- 
what revised  and  considerably  enlarged  form, 
is  still  in  many  respects  the  best  compend  of 
the  theory  of  classification  and  offers  the 
most  extensive  bibliography  of  the  subject 
which  we  have. 

The  first  lecture,  "The  order  of  the  sciences," 
is  theoretical ;  the  second,  "The  classification 
of  books,"  practical.  The  likenesses  and  dif- 
ferences between  theoretical  and  book  classi- 
fication are  pointed  put  and  the  confusion 
clarified,  which  criticizes  classification  when 
what  is  intended  is  criticism  of  notation.  The 
criteria  of  a  good  book  classification,  accord- 
ing to  Dr.  Richardson,  are:  it  should  follow 


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[May,  1913 


natural  order;  "should  be  carried  out  in 
minute  detail" ;  "should  be  provided  with  a 
notation  which  will  allow  for  indefinite  sub- 
division, using  mixed  symbols,  but  with  a 
predominant  decimal  base";  "should  be  pro- 
vided with  a  detailed  and  specific  index" ; 
and  is  increased  in  value  "in  direct  ratio  to 
the  generalness  of  its  use." 

The  major  portion  of  the  book  is  taken  up 
with  appendices,  giving  chronological  biblio- 
graphies of  classifications,  both  theoretical 
and  practical,  from  B.  C.  428  to  date.  We 
note  the  omission  only  of  the  library  classifi- 
cations used  by  the  librarians  of  ancient  Egypt, 
and  probably  in  the  next  edition  the  indefatig- 
able compiler  will  supply  even  thjs  gap.  As 
giving,  however,  a  considerable  amount  of 
classificatory  information  in  condensed  and 
convenient  form,  Dr.  Richardson's  bibliog- 
raphy is  undoubtedly  most  useful.  F.  R. 

HISTORICAL  RECORDS  AND  STUDIES.  Vol.  6,  part 
2,  publications  of  United  States  Catholic 
Historical  Society.  New  York,  U.  S.  Cath- 
olic Historical  Society,  1913. 
This  latest  volume  in  the  series  of  publica- 
tions of  the  United  States  Catholic  Historical 
Society  maintains  the  high  standard  set  by  its 
predecessors.  A  file  of  these  publications  is 
essential  to  every  reference  library  which  aims 
at  even  a  moderate  degree  of  strength  in 
American  history.  Necessarily  and  properly,  a 
large  share  of  the  space  in  each  volume  is 
given  to  the  presentation  of  material  bearing 
especially  on  the  history  of  the  Church  of 
Rome  in  North  America,  and  of  Catholic 
biography  in  this  wide  region.  But  there  is 
always  to  be  found  therein  much  that  is  of 
general  interest  in  the  study  of  American 
annals.  In  the  number  before  us,  there  is  an 
illuminating  article  on  the  career  of  Father 
Pierre  Gibault,  the  Catholic  divine  whom  Gen. 
George  Rogers  Clark  found  stationed  at  Kas- 
kaskia,  in  the  Illinois,  when  he  and  his  little 
army  of  Virginia  and  Kentucky  backswoods- 
men  captured  that  wilderness  stronghold  from 
the  British  in  1778.  Father  Gibault,  it  will  be  re- 
membered, gave  in  his  adhesion  to  the  Amer- 
ican cause  on  the  grounds  of  humanity  and 
necessity  in  order  to  avoid  bloodshed,  and  was 
helpful  in  suggestions  to  his  flock  that  led  to 
the  easy  subjugation  by  Clark  of  Vincennes 
and  other  British  outposts.  The  priest  was 
afterwards  the  subject  of  much  ill-considered 
criticism  by  British  sympathizers;  this  article 
explains  his  attitude,  and  makes  known  his 
candor  and  consistency.  An  account  of  New 
York's  first  Irish  emigrant  society  will  be 
welcomed  as  an  interesting  chapter  in  the 
early  history  of  our  foreign  groups.  Akin 
to  this  is  an  excellent  article  on  the  work  of 
Father  Ferdinand  Farmer,  S.J.,  who  minis- 
tered to  German  immigrants  in  various  parts 
of  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey  and  New  York 
from  1752  to  1786— a  period  of  constant  polit- 
ical excitement,  during  which  the  sympathies 
of  this  earnest  and  active  itinerant  were 


closely  connected  with  the  cause  of  the  Amer- 
icans, while  at  the  same  time  he  maintained 
the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  British  offi- 
cials. Especially  valuable  to  librarians  is  an  ar- 
ticle by  Prof.  Joseph  Fischer,  S.J.,  of  Feldkirch, 
Austria,  who  in  1900  won  v/orld  renown 
among  historians  and  geographers  because  of 
his  discovery  of  the  first  map  carrying  the 
name  America.  Father  Fischer  has  now 
clearly  proved,  with  the  aid  of  numerous  fac- 
similes, the  identity  of  the  New  York  Public 
Library's  superb  Ptolemy  manuscript,  with 
"the  famous  codex  Ebnerianus  that  has  long 
been  sought  in  vain."  In  the  concluding  para- 
graph, the  writer  appeals  to  American  libra- 
rians and  private  collectors  to  make  known 
to  him  the  existence  in  their  collections  of 
any  old  Ptolemy  or  other  cartographical  man- 
uscripts to  aid  him  in  a  scientific  work  upon 
which  he  is  now  engaged.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  other  libraries  in  our  country  may  dis- 
cover in  their  presses  material  that  will  in- 
terest Professor  Fischer. 

R.  G.  THWAITES. 


ipetiofcical  anfc  otbct  Xttcraturc 


Bindery  Talk  (Los  Angeles)  for  January- 
February  has  an  editorial  on  "Spending  the 
bookbinding  appropriation,"  an  annotated  list 
of  one  hundred  and  fifty  titles  of  magazines, 
with  full  information  for  libraries  that  bind 
their  periodicals,  supplementary  to  a  list  in 
the  last  issue.  Several  articles,  such  as  one 
by  Ada  J.  McCarthy  on  "Preparing  maga- 
zines for  the  bindery,"  are  of  value. 

Bulletin  of  the  Carnegie  Library  of  Atlanta 
for  July-Sept.,  called  the  Children's  number, 
is  devoted  to  the  story  hour,  and  seems  to  be 
a  successful  sort  of  follow-up  literature.  "The 
embodiment  of  the  story  hour  in  bulletin 
form,"  says  the  preface,  "has  conclusively 
proved  itself  to  be  of  great  value  and  interest, 
well  repaying  the  trouble  of  the  compilers. 
.  .  .  Children's  librarians,  teachers,  parents 
and  story  tellers  have  utilized  these  bulletins 
as  a  basis  for  their  own  story  programs,  and 
as  an  authority  for  the  best  books  on  special 
subjects.  Children  retain  their  programs 
throughout  the  year,  so  that  they  may  know 
how  the  stories  follow  each  other,  and  what 
books  contain  the  stories."  The  work  with 
older  children  has  been  based  on  Chaucer, 
Spenser,  Shakespeare's  comedies  and  Dickens' 
children. 

Library  Notes  and  News,  Minnesota  Public 
Library  Commission,  March,  has:  "What  a 
library  can  mean  to  an  institution  child,"  by 
Gladys  Chute;  "The  library  at  the  home 
school  for  girls/'  by  Vera  Carson;  "Library 
at  the  school  for  the  blind,"  by  Ruth  Bur- 
gess ;  "Library  at  the  school  for  the  deaf,"  by 
Louis  C  Tuck;  articles  on  the  Minnesota 
Historical  Society,  etc. 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


299 


The  Newarkcr,  March,  has  on  the  cover  a 
brief  account  of  the  work  of  the  famous 
Business  Branch,  and  within  are  articles  on: 
"The  salesman  as  missionary,  and  the  litera- 
ture of  his  mission";  "Romance  in  Newark 
industries,"  a  graphic  representation  of  the 
expenditure  of  Newark's  public  money ;  "Hu- 
manity in  business,"  etc. 

New  Jersey  Library  Bulletin,  March,  con- 
tains an  account  of  the  Atlantic  City  meet- 
ing, a  question  box,  a  list  of  new  books,  and 
articles  on  library  advertising. 

Public  Libraries,  April,  contains  "The  book 
that  teacher  says  is  good,"  by  Mary  Ely ;  "The 
library  and  history  teaching,"  by  Helen  M. 
Waterson;  "Sets  for  children,"  by  Harriet  A. 
Wood;  "Cultural  reading  in  high  schools,"  by 
Anna  Hadley. 

Vermont,  Bulletin  of  the  Free  Public  Li- 
brary Commission,  contains  for  March  a  list 
of  "Important  books  for  the  small  libraries," 
a  selection  of  some  130  titles,  none  of  them, 
says  the  editor,  "too  expensive  for  the  small 
library  to  buy,  and  some  of  the  volumes  are 
so  very  helpful  that  no  library  can  afford  not 
to  buy  them." 

The  Wisconsin  Arbor  and  Bird  Day  Annual 
for  1913,  compiled  by  O.  S.  Rice,  the  State 
Library  clerk,  and  issued  by  the  state  super- 
intendent for  the  use  of  teachers  and  schools, 
contains  material  for  the  celebration  of  these 
festivals  and  much  other  educational  material 
of  permanent  value.  There  are  many  colored 
and  half-tone  illustrations  and  a  most  effective 
cover  in  colors. 

The  World's  Work  for  May  contains  a 
readable  and  well-illustrated  account  of  the 
New  York  Public  Library  system,  by  Sarah 
L.  Com  stock. 

ENGLISH 

The  Librarian  and  Book  World,  April,  con- 
tains "Public  libraries  and  the  care  of  local 
records,"  I.,  by  David  L.  Strachan;  the  usual 
departments,  and  "Modern  methods  of  indi- 
rect lighting,"  by  F.  W.  Willcox  and  H.  C 
Wheat. 

The  Library  Assistant,  April,  contains  "The 
theory  of  book  selection,"  by  James  D.  Young ; 
"Practical  book  selection,"  by  George  R.  Bol- 
ton. 

FOREIGN 

Bulletin  de  I'Association  des  Bibliothecaires 
franqais,  January-February,  contains  a  "Note 
sur  1'organisation  d'un  systeme  de  renseigne- 
ments  au  moyen  de  cartes  de  demande  trans- 
mises  de  Bibliotheque  a  Bibliotheque." 

La  Coltura  Popolare,  April  i,  has  for  its 
library  cepaitment  a  report  of  "La  Federation 
Italiana  delle  Biblioteche  Popolari  nell'  anno 
1912." 

Maandblad  voor  Bibliotheekwezen,  March 
20,  prints  "De  Transskriptie  van  Russiese 


Eigennamen,"  by  N.  Van  Wijbe;  "Romans  in 
Onze  Openbare  Bibliotheken,"  by  J.  van  der 
Valk;  and  comments  on  library  matters  in 
the  Netherlands  and  elsewhere. 

Zentralblatt  fur  Bibliothekswesen,  March, 
contains  "Das  Dogma  von  der  systematischen 
Aufstellung,"  by  G.  Leyh,  and  a  list  by  Adal- 
bert Hortzschansky  of  "Neue  Bucher  und 
Aufsatze  zum  Bibliotheks-  und  Buchwesen." 

SEPARATE    ARTICLES 
ALPHABETING. 

The  alphabetization  of  catalogs.  Arthur  J. 
Hawkes.  Lib.  World,  Mr.,  '13. 

A  consideration  of  the  difficulties  of  alpha- 
betization, supplementary  to  an  article  on  the 
same  subject  by  H.  G.  Steele  in  Lib.  World, 
February,  1913.  A  set  of  rules,  made  after 
study  of  the  British  Museum  and  Bodleian 
usage,  is  appended. 

FOREIGN  STUDENT  ASSISTANTS. 

Foreign  student  assistants  in  English  libra- 
ries. Maurice  H.  B.  Mash.  Lib.  World, 
Mr.,  '13. 

An  account  of  the  methods  used  in  training 
foreign  assistants  in  English  libraries,  with 
comments  which  must  be  suggestive  to  libra- 
ries in  the  matter  of  training  their  own  assist- 
ants. The  contact  between  the  library  staff 
and  their  visitors  has,  on  the  whole,  been 
advantageous  to  both. 

BINDING  AND  REPAIR. 

Bibliographic  style  in  medical  literature.  By 
Frank  Place.  Medical  Record,  Ja.  25,  '13,  p. 
i57-i6o. 

This  article  is  of  some  general  interest  to 
librarians. 

Strength  factors  in  paper  as  related  to 
binding.  By  William  Bond  Wheelwright. 
Printing  Art,  Ja.,  '13,  p.  352-356. 

Largely  devoted  to  a  review  and  criticism 
of  Mr.  Olivers'  article  on  "Paper  and  bind- 
ing of  library  books,"  which  he  read  before 
the  A.  L.  A.  some  years  ago. 

BOOK   SELECTION. 

The  theory  of  book  selection.  James  D. 
Young.  Lib.  Asst.,  A.,  '13. 

Selection  of  books  should  be  representative 
of  the  total  literary  output,  though  it  must 
be  remembered  that  the  public  has  predilec- 
tions for  certain  definite  kinds  of  books.  All 
of  the  really  important  and  valuable  books 
should  be  bought,  if  possible,  in  order  to  make 
the  library  a  potential  intellectual  center.  "We 
must  try  and  stock  not  only  what  the  public 
wants,  but  what  is  good  for  the  public, 
whether  it  wants  it  or  not."  A  second  general 
rule  is  that  subjects,  such  as  Latin  grammar, 
cannot,  except  by  the  British  Museum  and  a 
few  special  pedagogic  libraries,  be  completely 
covered.  Each  group  of  literature  demands 
separate  treatment.  Mathematics  and  philos- 
ophy, for  example,  are  totally  different  in  their 


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[May,  1913 


requirements  for  completeness.  The  most 
difficult  problem  of  all  in  book  buying  is  the 
question  of  choice  of  current  literature.  The 
author  would  avoid  aping  specialized  libraries, 
yet  he  strongly  discounts  that  "intellectual 
quackery"  which  has  arisen  from  the  great 
desire  to  be  up  to  date.  No  general  princi- 
ples can  help  much,  however,  in  book  selec- 
tion. The  practical  work  depends  more  on 
natural  aptitude  than  upon  special  training. 

Practical  book  selection.  George  R.  Bolton. 
Lib  Asst.,  A.,  '13. 

A  record  of  personal  experience  in  book 
selection,  with  suggestions  that  have  been 
proved  of  value.  Reference  books,  series,  the 
pet  literature  of  people  interested  in  special 
subjects,  are  dealt  with,  as  well  as  the  subjects 
of  the  "best"  books,  anticipating  demands,  re- 
lations with  committees,  and  some  good  advice 
about  publishers'  remainder  lists. 

LIBRARY  DISCIPLINE. 

Library  discipline.  By  Kate  W.  Barney. 
Pub.  Libs.,  Mr.,  '13,  p.  103-104. 

Suggestions  for  effective  control  of  con- 
ditions within  the  library.  The  author  sums 
up  her  discussion  with  these  recommenda- 
tions :  Don't  nag.  Don't  reprove  one  person 
many  times  without  following  your  reproof 
with  more  drastic  measures.  Don't  cherish 
grudges  after  the  disciplined  one  shows  a  dis- 
position to  reform.  Don't  glance  suspiciously 
at  your  patrons,  as  if  you  expected  them  to 
do  something  wrong.  .  .  .  "It  is  much  easier 
to  keep  disorder  out  of  the  library  than  it 
is  to  work  it  out  when  once  established,  for 
disorder  is  a  matter  of  habit  and  tradition, 
and  you  are  liable  to  periodical  outbreaks  as 
each  fresh  gang  of  youngsters  feels  the  urge 
of  growing  powers  and  independence.  Keep 
a  firm  hand,  a  charitable  mind  and  a  loving 
heart  for  your  young  people,  make  the  library 
atmosphere  one  of  cheerful,  courteous  help- 
fulness and  you  are  not  likely  to  be  greatly 
troubled  with  serious  disorder." 

HISTORY  TEACHING. 

The  library  and  history  teaching.  Helen  M. 
Waterson.  Pub.  Libs.,  A.,  '13. 

"It  is  impossible  for  you  to  overestimate 
the  stupidity  of  your  pupils,"  a  sentence  re- 
membered by  the  writer  from  a  pedagogical 
article  of  some  years  ago,  is  modified  to  this 
statement:  "It  is  very  difficult  for  an  adult  to 
appreciate  how  immature  is  the  mind  of  a 
child  of  12  or  14  years."  The  article  consists 
of  helpful  suggestions  and  experiences  bear- 
ing out  this  view,  with  especial  emphasis  on 
methods  of  cooperation  between  teacher  and 
librarian. 

OUTSIDE  READING. 

Outside  cultural  reading  in  high  schools. 
Anna  Hadley.  Pub.  Libs.,  A.,  '13. 

One  way  of  developing  the  interest  of  stu- 
dents is  to  start  from  any  interest  in  a  given 


subject  and  stimulate  interest  in  another  by 
means  of  books  and  magazines,  developing, 
enlarging  and  following  all  by-paths.  The 
"flunker"  in  all  lines,  or,  rather,  the  one  who 
has  not  found  himself  or  will  not  find  him- 
self, has  to  be  caught  in  -  other  ways— by 
chance  appeals  to  passing  interests — or  possi- 
bly here  there  is  deep  interest  if  we  but  look 
for  it. 

Both  in  small  and  large  schools  the  per- 
sonal element  counts  more  than  any  other 
factor,  by  suggestion  or  comment  by  the  li- 
brarian or  teacher.  Better  than  the  usual  re- 
sults of  "required"  reading  are  such  happen- 
ings as  the  experience  of  the  high  school  girl 
who  rushed  home  declaring  she  must  read 
Pendennis  before  another  day  should  come, 
because  "Prof.  F.  refers  to  him  and  his  do- 
ings almost  every  day,  and  I  must  know  what 
he  is  talking  about." 

SETS   FOR  CHILDREN. 

Sets  for  children.  Harriet  A.  Wood.  Pub. 
Libs.,  A.,  '13. 

Opinions  on  the  subject  matter,  make-up, 
and  the  advisability  of  purchase  for  library 
or  home  of  four  sets  of  books  for  children 
were  investigated  by  the  writer,  and  the  re- 
sults reported  at  some  length.  The  librarians 
of  whom  inquiry  was  made  were  Miss  An- 
drus,  Seattle;  Miss  Bascom,  editor  A.  L.  A. 
Booklist;  Miss  Britton,  Spokane;  Miss  Bur- 
nite,  Cleveland;  Miss  Carson,  Tacoma;  Miss 
Hagey,  Cedar  Rapids;  Miss  Hunt,  Brooklyn; 
Miss  McMahon,  Indianapolis;  Miss  Marvin, 
Oregon;  Miss  Otis,  New  York  City;  Miss 
Power,  St.  Louis;  Mrs.  Lyman-Scott,  Oak 
Park;  Miss  Thompson,  Newark;  Miss  Tyler, 
Iowa;  Miss  Van  Buren,  Madison;  Miss 
Wheeler,  Albany. 

The  works  were:  (i)  Children's  hour. 
Houghton;  (2)  Young  folks'  library.  Hale 
&  Locke;  (3)  Children's  library  of  work  and 
play.  Doubleday;  (4)  Book  of  knowledge. 
Grolier  Soc.  Four  pages  of  pertinent  com- 
ment are  given. 

•Notes  ant)  Hews 

NEWARK  SCULPTURE  EXHIBITION.— An  exhi- 
bition of  bronzes  by  American  sculptors  was 
shown  during  April  at  the  Newark  Library. 
The  exhibit  was  brought  together  by  the 
National  Scuplture  Society. 

LARGE  TYPE  COLLECTION. — The  St.  Louis  Pub- 
lic Library  has  placed  in  the  open-shelf  room 
a  collection  of  one  hundred  volumes  in  large 
type,  "for  the  use  of  those  whose  eyes  rebel 
against  the  small  print  so  often  used  for 
books."  There  are  both  fiction  and  non-fiction 
in  the  selection. 

N.  Y.  P.  L.  PRINT  EXHIBITS.— The  exhibition 
of  Washington  portraits  will  run  to  April  30, 
and  recent  accessions  and  fifteenth  and  six- 


May,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


301 


teenth  century  engravings  will  be  on  view  for 
an  indefinite  time  in  the  Stuart  Gallery.  Early 
prints  and  books  relating  to  railroads,  from 
the  collection  of  Mr.  William  Barclay  Parsons, 
are  now  being  shown. 

COLLEGE  OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. — At  the 
dedication  of  the  German  library  presented 
by  Adolph  Lewissohn  to  the  City  College, 
Count  Von  Bernstorff,  the  German  ambassa- 
dor, was  the  guest  of  honor.  Andrew  Car- 
negie was  also  present  and  made  a  brief  ad- 
dress, as  did  also  Professor  Rudolph  Eucken. 

WORKING  PAPERS  IN  PASSAIC,  N.  J. — When 
a  Passaic  boy  or  girl  applies  for  his  working 
papers  he  gets  with  them  a  letter  from  the 
city  librarian,  which,  appealing  to  both  ambi- 
tion and  love  of  pleasure,  argues  strongly  for 
the  use  of  the  library. 

CLEVELAND  TRAINING  CLASS. — The  course  in 
training  for  children's  librarians  which  has 
been  given  at  the  Cleveland  Public  Library 
the  past  year  is  to  be  repeated  in  1913-14. 
This  year  twelve  young  women,  all  either 
graduates  of  library  schools  or  experienced  in 
library  work,  or  both,  are  receiving  eight 
months'  training  inJ  the  practice  and  theory  of 
children's  work. 

These  students  are  rated  as  student  chil- 
dren's librarians,  and  they  are  given  paid 
practice  for  thirty-five  hours  a  week,  on  the 
basis  of  5/6  time.  Two  mornings  a  week 
(somewhat  less  in  the  busiest  months)  are 
given  to  lectures  and  recitations  which  com- 
prise children's  literature  and  method  of 
presentation,  organization  of  children's  work, 
child  study,  and  social  problems.  A  sum  is 
set  aside  by  the  Library  Board  for  lectures 
from'  outside  authorities  to  supplement  those 
given  by  the  staff.  Eight  lectures  in  story- 
telling are  given  by  Mrs.  Thorne-Thomsen,  of 
Chicago,  and  the  weekly  story-telling  is  the 
subject  of  class  discussion  and  supervision  by 
the  instructor  in  story-telling. 

Social  workers  of  this  community  are  se- 
cured for  presentation  of  the  aspects  of  their 
individual  work.  Miss  Virginia  Graff,  for- 
merly supervisor  of  Montclair  Normal  Train- 
ing School,  gives  twelve  lectures  in  Child 
study.  During  the  three  months,  October, 
November  and  December,  42  lectures  have 
been  given  by  twelve  different  lecturers,  seven 
of  whom  are  of  the  library  staff.  The  larger 
part  of  the  course  remains  to  be  given. 

The  students  are  given  definite  assignments 
under  heads  of  children's  rooms  or  as  acting 
children's  librarians  in  small  rooms.  Unless 
the  student  has  had  previous  experience  in 
children's  work  her  assignment  is  changed 
during  the  year  to  give  a  wider  range  of 
experience. 

Student  children's  librarians  are  engaged  for 
the  course  ending  June  14.  No  tuition  is 
charged,  as  the  main  purpose  of  the  class  is 
the  maintenance  and  upbuilding  of  the  staff  of 
the  Children's  Department  of  the  Cleveland 


Public  Library.  In  taking  the  course  the  stu- 
dent enters  into  no  obligation  to  remain  on 
the  staff,  nor  does  the  library  guarantee  a 
position  to  all  those  who  qualify.  However, 
past  experience  of  the  needs  of  the  library 
indicates  that  there  is  likely  to  be  opportunity 
for  all  who  care  to  continue  in  its  service. 
The  advantages  of  this  training  class  are  al- 
ready seen  in  its  tendency  to  unify  the  chil- 
dren's work  of  the  library.  Undoubtedly  the 
whole  staff  gains  from  contact  with  the  stu- 
dents and  the  supervision  given  them,  and  the 
preparation  of  lectures  by  members  of  the 
staff  contributes  to  their  practical  work. 

The  average  annual  number  of  appointments 
in  the  Children's  Department  is  about  twenty, 
caused  by  the  increase  of  the  work  and  its 
extension  to  new  centers,  by  resignations,  and 
by  assignments  to  other  duties.  There  is  a 
need  of  as  many  students  as  we  can  train 
under  present  conditions. 

For  further  information  address  William,  H. 
Brett,  librarian. 

RENEWAL  ABOLISHED  AT  GRAND  RAPIDS. — 
Four  weeks  before  the  fines  begin  is  now  the 
regulation  at  the  Grand  Rapids  Public  Li- 
brary, except  for  seven-day  books.  Four 
books  can  be  taken  out  on  one  card  hereafter, 
provided  that  not  more  than  one  be  fiction 
and  not  more  than  two  be  juveniles.  It  is 
reported  that  these  two  latter  restrictions  are 
due  to  the  stock  not  being  large  enough  for 
any  greater  liberality  in  circulation,  particu- 
larly at  the  branches. 

ROCHESTER'S  LIBRARY  BOARD  STRENGTHENED. 
— A  bill  affecting  the  status  of  the  board  at 
Rochester  has  passed  the  legislature.  Accord- 
ing to  its  provisions,  the  library  trustees  will 
occupy  the  same  semi-independent  relation  to 
the  general  city  government  as  the  Board  of 
Education  and  the  Park  Commission,  with 
much  more  power  as  to  purchase  and  employ- 
ment than  before. 

DAYTON  AFTER  THE  FLOOD.  —  Miss  Clat- 
worthy,  of  the  Dayton  library,  writes  that  the 
building  still  stands,  despite  flood  and  fire. 
"We  did  not  escape  very  grave  damage,  how- 
ever, losing  about  40,000  volumes  at  the  cen- 
tral building.  I  have  a  force  of  men  shovel- 
ing out  slime  and  mud  all  through  the  build- 
ing. Haven't  been  able  to  get  to  all  depart- 
ments yet.  Children's,  reference  and  branch 
departments  ruined  completely.  Staff  safe ! 
Flood  came  upon  city  before  we  had  gotten 
down  town.  The  water  was  16  feet  deep  in 
the  building." 

THE  Dayton  Journal  for  April  13  gives 
the  following  account  of  the  damage  to  the 
library : 

"Miss  Clatworthy  estimates  the  loss  in  the 
Dayton  library  to  be  $100,000,  which  has  only 
been  equalled  by  the  San  Francisco  earth- 
quake and  the  burning  of  the  library  in  Al- 
bany, N.  Y. 


J02 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


"Over  40,000  books  were  damaged  by  the 
water,  while  half  of  this  number  were  com- 
pletely washed  from  the  building.  Several 
hundred  of  these  books  have  been  found 
along  the  levee,  where  the  current  had  piled 
them  in  a  mass  of  debris. 

''Nearly  every  book  in  the  children's  depart- 
men  in  the  basement  was  swept  from  the 
building,  while  those  that  were  left  on  the 
shelves  were  ruined  by  the  mud  and  water. 
'  "On  the  first  floor  thousands  of  books  were 
thrown  into  the  water,  owing  to  the  collapse 
of  large  cases.  All  the  bound  magazines  and 
reference  catalogs  on  the  first  floor  were 
ruined,  which  was  probably  one  of  the  great- 
est losses  to  the  library. 

"The  several  hundred  volumes  of  the  patent 
office  records,  which  was  one  of  the  most 
complete  collections  in  the  country,  were 
shoveled  out  of  the  mud  and  hauled  to  the 
dump  in  wagons.  Every  book  in  the  medical 
library  in  the  basement  was  completely  ruined. 

"The  catalog  system  .  .  .  was  not  damaged 
to  any  great  extent.  The  cards  are  legible, 
and  it  is  thought  that  a  great  part  of  these 
can  be  washed  and  refiled. 

"The  several  thousand  books  which  had 
been  purchased  for  the  Carnegie  branch  li- 
brary on  the  West  Side  were  washed  from 
the  building  and  scattered  for  miles  over  the 
city.  The  books  had  just  recently  been  pur- 
chased and  stored  in  the  library  building. 

"Miss  Clatworthy  stated  that  probably  the 
greatest  loss  to  the  public  library  was  the 
ruined  newspaper  files,  all  of  which  were  in 
the  basement.  The  files  were  unusually  com- 
plete from  the  founding  of  all  Dayton  news- 
papers. One  volume,  containing  the  first 
newspaper  printed  in  Dayton  in  1803,  was 
saved.  The  newspaper  files  have  been  taken 
to  a  large  barn  in  the  country,  where  an  effort 
is  being  made  to  dry  them. 

"Every  book  in  the  public  library,  with  the 
exception  of  those  on  the  two  top  shelves  on 
the  main  floor  and  in  the  balcony,  was  a  total 
loss." 

A  BIBLIOGRAPHIC  INSTITUTE?  —  Under  the 
caption,  "What  the  rich  man  might  do  for 
the  scholar,"  the  Scientific  American  says,  edi- 
torialy:  "Building  libraries  is  a  favorite  pur- 
suit of  philanthropists.  This  proves  that 
many  benevolent  persons  prefer  to  minister 
to  the  mental  rather  than  the  material  needs 
of  humanity,  a  preference  with  which  we  are 
not  disposed  to  quarrel.  Just  because,  how- 
ever, we  heartily  approve  of  libraries,  we  de- 
plore the  fact  that  the  amount  of  money  spent 
in  creating  them  is  out  of  all  proportion  to 
the  amount  spent  in  making  them  useful.  A 
library  is  still  a  library,  even  though  its  con- 
tents are  securely  locked  up  from  human 
sight,  as  in  the  case  of  the  precious  manu- 
scripts said  to  be  stored  in  the  crypt  of  St. 
Sophia,  at  Constantinople.  The  admirable 
science  of  librarianism,  which  has  been  mainly 
evolved  within  the  past  half  century,  has  for 


its  main  purpose  the  removal  of  the  invisible 
bolts  and  bars  that  obstruct  access  to  libraries. 
Modern  aids  to  reading  and  research,  in  the 
form  of  card  catalogs,  indexes,  bibliographies 
and  the  like,  have  immensely  facilitated  the 
use  of  the  great  collection  o£  books  of  which 
our  civilization  is  so  proud,  but  there  is  still 
an  almost  unlimited  amount  of  work  to  be 
done  in  this  direction. 

"Here  is  a  suggestion  for  the  rich  man  who 
wishes  to  vary  the  program  of  library  build- 
ing. A  library  is  primarily  beneficial  only  to 
a  restricted  community.  The  benefits  of  good 
work  in  the  bibliography  are  universal.  Why 
not  endow  a  'bibliographic  institute'?" 

ClTY     PLANNING     CLASSIFICATION  —  HARVARD 

UNIVERSITY. — The  Harvard  School  of  Land- 
scape Architecture  announces  the  issue,  about 
May  i,  of  its  tentative  classification  scheme, 
covering  the  field  of  city  planning,  which  has 
been  in  preparation  since  the  establishment 
of  its  special  reference  library  in  1911.  The 
scheme  is  intended  not  only  to  provide  for 
the  classification  of  reference  material — books, 
pamphlets,  maps,  plans,  photographs,  plates 
and  postcards — in  the  library,  but  also  to 
serve  as  a  basis  for  the  arrangement  of  notes 
and  other  professional  data.  It  will  be  used 
in  classifying  the  titles  in  the  bibliography  of 
city  planning,  now  being  compiled  jointly  by 
the  Library  of  Congress  and  the  school.  It 
has  further  interest  in  suggesting  aspects  of 
the  field  on  which  as  yet  little  has  been  pub- 
lished. The  scheme  is  constructed  on  the 
general  principles  of  the  Library  of  Congress 
classification,  which  was  found  to  contain  no 
adequate  provision  for  the  particular  field  of 
city  planning.  A  similar  scheme  for  land- 
scape architecture,  in  which  also  the  Library 
of  Congress  scheme  is  deficient,  has  been  de- 
veloped by  the  school  and  will  be  issued  later. 

While  the  schemes  were  in  their  initial 
stages,  the  chief  classifier  of  the  Library  of 
Congress  was  consulted  in  regard  to  their 
place  in  the  general  classification.  He  agreed 
to  placing  them  in  Class  N,  fine  arts,  coor- 
dinate with  architecture  NA,  and  immediately 
after  it,  using  three  letter  combination,  NAB 
for  landscape  architecture,  and  NAC  for  city 
planning,  since  NB  was  already  in  use.  The 
landscape  architecture  section  replaces  SB 
469-485,  and  the  city  planning  section  replaces 
NA  9000-9300  in  the  School  of  Landscape 
Architecture  Library,  which  uses  the  regular 
Library  of  Congress  classification  schedules — 
particularly  sections  of  H,  R,  S  and  T — for 
material  in  allied  fields. 

The  city  planning  -scheme,  to  be  published 
by  the  university,  may  be  ordered  in  advance, 
or  obtained  from  the  Harvard  University 
Press,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  at  fifty  cents  a  copy, 
as  soon  as  issued. 

A.  L.  A.  MANUAL. — Of  the  chapters  yet  to 
appear  Mr.  Walter's  contribution  on  "Library 
printing"-  and  Mr.  Wynkoop's  on  "Library 
commissions,  state  aid  and  state  agencies"  are 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


303 


now  in  press.  Miss  Olcott's  chapter  on  "Chil- 
dren's reading"  will  be  put  in  process  shortly, 
and  the  chapter  on  "Loan  department,"  by 
Mr.  Carl  P.  P.  Vitz  is  now  in  the  hands  of 
the  committee.  The  following  chapters  are 
reported  by  Mr.  Wyer,  chairman  of  the  Man- 
ual committee,  as  in  an  advanced  state :  "Li- 
brary service,"  Mr.  Hill;  "Free  public  libra- 
ries," Miss  Lord;  "Catalog,"  Miss  Gooch; 
"Public  documents,"  Mr.  Wyer;  "Bibliogra- 
phy," Miss  Mudge. 

These  Manual  chapters  have  not  sold  as 
well  as  the  committee  anticipated,  and  there 
is  some  doubt  whether  they  will  be  incorpo- 
rated into  a  single  volume.  At  any  rate  it 
will  not  be  done  for  some  time. 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  STATUES. — Two  groups 
of  statuary  for  the  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary by  Frederick  MacMonnies,  the  sculptor, 
have  been  approved  by  the  Municipal  Art 
Commission.  They  are  to  be  placed  in  the 
niches  above  the  fountains  to  the  north  and 
south  of  the  Fifth  avenue  entrance.  The 
group  for  the  southern  niche  is  entitled 
"Beauty,"  and  that  for  the  northern  niche 
"Truth."  They  are  to  cost  approximately 
$15,000  apiece.  Mr.  MacMonnies  is  executing 
them  in  Giverny-par-Vernon,  Eure,  France. 

The  Art  Commission  recently  approved  two 
groups  of  statuary  for  the  northern  and  south- 
ern pediments  of  the  Fifth  avenue  fagade  of 
the  library.  They  were  by  George  Gray  Bar- 
nard, and  represented  "Art"  and  "History." 

At  the  same  time  the  MacMonnies  statuary 
was  approved,  the  commission  decided  favor- 
ably also  on  a  group  of  statuary  by  Daniel  C. 
French  for  the  pediment  of  the  Brooklyn  In- 
stitute of  Arts  and  Sciences.  It  consists  of 
eight  human  figures,  representing  Art  and 
Science,  Astronomy,  Geology  and  Biology, 
Architecture,  Painting  and  Sculpture,  with  a 
sphinx  and  peacock  at  either  end.  The  esti- 
mated cost  is  $35,000. 

PEACE  DAY  BULLETIN.— The  United  States 
Bureau  of  Education  has  just  issued  a  Peace 
Day  bulletin  for  1913,  containing,  besides  a 
suggested  program  for  the  day,  a  number  of 
interesting  short  articles  on  different  phases 
of  the  international  peace  movement,  accurate 
and  comprehensive  information  about  the  va- 
rious organizations  working  for  peace,  and  a 
collection  of  appropriate  poems  and  prose 
quotations  by  famous  peace  lovers  of  many 
nations.  The  material  was  compiled  for  the 
bureau  by  Mrs.  Fannie  Fern  Andrews,  secre- 
tary of  the  American  School  Peace  League, 
and  a  world-known  worker  for  peace.  Peace 
Day  will  be  widely  celebrated  in  schools 
throughout  the  United  States  this  year.  Al- 
though introduced  but  a  few  years  ago,  this 
special  school  day  in  behalf  of  international 
peace  is  now  regularly  celebrated  in  many 
American  schools,  and  the  indications  are  that 
its  observance  this  year  will  be  extended  to 
thousands  more.  Since  May  18,  the  day  set 


aside  as  Peace  Day,  falls  on  Sunday,  the 
schools  will  probably  hold  their  exercises  on 
the  nearest  school  day. 

BOOK  WAGONS  IN  DELAWARE. — Among  the 
many  good  bills  passed  at  the  recent  session 
of  the  Delaware  state  legislature  was  one 
which  doubled  the  appropriation  to  the  State 
Library  Commission.  This  was  done  with  the 
distinct  understanding  that  a  large  part  of 
the  increase  should  be  devoted  to  the  develop- 
ment of  book-wagon  routes  in  rural  Dela- 
ware. An  experiment  along  this  line,  made 
in  the  summer  of  1912,  was  so  successful  that 
the  members  of  the  commission  experienced 
little  difficulty  in  getting  their  bill  through  the 
legislature.  They  were  aided  very  materially 
in  their  efforts  by  the  Governor  of  the  state, 
who  took  great  interest  in  the  matter. 

NEW  YORK  SCHOOL  BUILDINGS. — The  Blau- 
velt  bill  has  been  signed  by  Gov.  Sulzer.  The 
measure  provides  for  the  use  of  school  houses 
and  grounds  for  assemblies  for  educational 
purposes,  for  public  library  purposes,  for 
holding  social,  civic  and  recreational  meetings 
and  entertainments,  non-exclusive  and  open 
to  the  public,  and  when  authorized  by  a  vote 
of  the  district  for  political  meetings,  registra- 
tion, primaries  and  elections. 

COMMISSION  WORK  IN  VERMONT.  —  Eight 
towns  and  one  incorporated  village  have 
voted  to  establish  town  and  village  libraries, 
respectively,  and  to  apply  for  state  aid  to  the 
extent  of  $100  in  books  from  the  Free  Pub- 
lic Library  Commission.  They  are:  Bolton, 
Bridgewater,  Elmore,  Monkton,  North  Hero, 
North  Troy  (incorporated  village),  Plainfield, 
St.  George  and  Stratton.  This  will  make  137 
towns  and  incorporated  villages  which  have 
received  "first  aid"  in  establishment,  and  189 
free  libraries.  The  total  of  free  and  other 
libraries,  excluding  high  school  collections,  is 
now  212.  In  a  total  of  246  towns,  there  are 
56  towns  which  have  no  library.  With  a  few 
exceptions,  these  are  very  small  and  scattered 
mountain  towns,  16  of  which  have  traveling 
library  collections  from  the  state. 

THE    MODEL   PRIVATE   LIBRARY   AT   CLARK    COL- 

LEGE. — A  second  edition,  or,  rather,  revision, 
of  the  list  (of  February,  1912)  for  a  model 
private  library  has  been  issued  by  Louis  N. 
Wilson,  the  librarian  at  Clark  University.  As 
those  who  are  interested  in  fostering  reading 
habits  among  undergraduates  will  remember, 
the  plan  was  based  upon  the  suggestions  of 
people  outside  the  library.  A  lively  letter  of 
criticism  and  suggestion  is  printed  in  full. 
Mr.  Wilson  adds:  "I  think,  perhaps,  the  loca- 
tion of  such  a  collection,  in  a  room  that  is 
practically  a  part  of  the  college  library,  is  not 
without  its  disadvantages.  Were  it  placed  in 
a  separate  building,  frequented  by  the  stu- 
dents in  their  leisure  hours,  it  would  be  pos- 
sible to  do  many  things  that  cannot  con- 
veniently be  done  in  its  present  situation." 


304 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913. 


Bethlehem,  N.  H.  A  new  town  office  and 
library  building,  the  gift  of  Gen.  George  T. 
Cruft,  has  recently  been  opened.  The  total 
cost  of  the  building  is  about  $60,000,  and  about 
$16,000  will  be  given  for  endowment. 

Dallas,  Tex.,  is  making  plans  for  a  colored 
library. 

Fort  Smith,  Ark.,  City  Council  this  year 
voted  $1000  above  its  usual  appropriation  for 
books. 

Gilbertville,Mass.  A  library  building,  given 
by  E.  H.  Gilbert,  of  Ware,  to  the  town,  was 
opened  in  April  with  dedicatory  exercises. 
The  library  is  of  gray  Indiana  limestone,  one 
story,  with  children's  and  reference  rooms. 

Harrisburg,  Pa.  The  library  building  will 
probably  be  opened  by  the  middle  of  the  sum- 
mer, after  the  work  of  reclassifying  and  cata- 
loging is  completed. 

Kansas  City,  Mo.  An  extension,  to  cost 
$100,000,  is  to  be  built  to  the  north  of  the 
present  library  building.  The  extension  is-  to 
be  three  stories  high,  48  x  140  feet. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.  The  board  of  directors, 
at  a  meeting  held  April  8,  decided  to  move 
the  library  (after  the  expiration  of  its  present 
contract,  July  i,  1914)  from  its  present  quar- 
ters in  the  Hamburger  Building  to  a  new 
building  to  be  constructed  very  soon  on  the 
northwest  corner  of  Fifth  street  and  Broad- 
way. The  library  will  occupy  the  three  top 
floors,  which  have  an  area  of  about  48,000 
square  feet.  Fifth  street  and  Broadway  is  the 
center  of  the  retail  trade  district,  and  a  large 
increase  in  circulation  is  anticipated. 

Lyndonville,  Vt.  The  librarian  has  a  pamph- 
let table  on  which  are  spread  out  all  sorts  of 
pamphlets  that  may  interest  the  people,  and 
that,  unless  so  exhibited,  probably  would  not 
be  noticed. 

Montpelier,  Vt.— The  Kellogg-Hubbard  Li- 
brary has  issued  a  leaflet,  called  "Books  of 
interest  to  Sunday  school  teachers."  It  men- 
tions not  only  complete  books  on  the  subject, 
but  special  chapters  from  other  books.  There 
are  44  titles  in  all.  The  library  has  also  printed 
eight  "Reading  lists  for  young  people,"  ar- 
ranged by  grades  as  "stepping-stones" ;  about 
10  books,  old  and  new,  on  each  list ;  the  whole 
on  a  slip  of  paper  about  5x3  inches,  very 
easily  tucked  into  the  card  pocket  of  the  book 
borrowed  by  any  child.  The  librarian  says  that 
these  lists  seem  to  have  awakened  interest  in 
the  older  books  that  had  stood  neglected  on 
the  shelves. 

New  Orleans,  La.  Loyola  University  dedi- 
cated, on  March  24,  the  library  presented  by 
Edward  J.  Bobet.  It  is  on  the  second  floor 
of  the  main  building,  now  contains  10,000 
volumes,  and  has  capacity  for  60,000. 


Washington,  D.  C.  A  Masonic  library  of 
75,000  volumes  is  to  be  housed  in  the  new 
Scottish  Rite  Temple,  now  being  erected.  The 
nucleus  of  the  collection  was  gathered  by 
Gen.  Albert  Pike. 

Williamspdrt,Pa.  James  V.  Brown  Library 
is  holding,  from  April  12  to  May  10,  an  interest- 
ing exhibition  of  modern  American  art  can- 
vasses, for  the  most  part  directly  from  the 
Pennsylvania  Academy.  Printed  notes  on  the 
artists  and  their  work  are  used  in  the  schools- 
of  the  town. 

Worcester,  Mass.  The  cornerstones  of  three 
branch  libraries,  for  which  he  gave  $75,000,. 
were  laid  by  Andrew  Carnegie  on  March  27. 
In  spite  of  a  severe  storm,  about  three  hun- 
dred people  were  gathered  about  each  of  the 
sites  and  heard  the  few  sentences  which  were 
all  that  the  mayor  and  Mr.  Carnegie  could 
deliver.  A  different  trowel  was  used  at  each, 
building  and  presented  to  Mr.  Carnegie. 

Xftrartims 


BAXTER,  Charles  Newcpmb,  librarian  of  the 
Blackstone  Memorial  Library,  at  Branford,, 
Conn.,  was  married  to  Miss  Iva  Georgiana 
Bishop  at  Branford  on  March  25. 

BILLINGSLEY,  Mary  P.,  Illinois,  '08,  has  re- 
signed her  position  in  the  Kansas  State  Li- 
brary, to  become  document  cataloger  in  the 
Kansas  City  Public  Library. 

BORRESEN,  Lillian,  has  been  appointed  libra- 
rian in  charge  of  the  new  state  circulation' 
library  of  South  Dakota. 

BRANDEIS,  Albert  S.,  a  director  of  the  Louis- 
ville Free  Public  Library,  died  on  March  4. 
He  was  one  of  the  most  efficient  directors  of 
that  institution.  He  always  stood  for  trained 
employes,  and  was  always  on  the  alert  to  see 
how  the  library  could  best  serve  the  needs  of 
the  city.  A  graduate  of  Harvard,  class  of 
1879,  he  demonstrated  in  varied  ways  how 
useful  a  university  graduate  could  be  to  his 
community.  Mr.  Brandeis  was  a  member  of 
the  A.  L.  A.  Committee  on  library  training  in 
1910. 

CALHOUN,  Helen  V.,  Illinois,  '05,  has  re- 
signed from  the  librarianship  of  the  Whiting, 
Indiana,  Public  Library,  to  take  charge  of 
the  children's  work  in  the  public  library  of 
Houston,  Texas. 

CAMPBELL,  Agnes,  first  assistant  librarian  in 
Passaic,  N.  J.,  died  March  28.  She  was  for 
several  years  in  charge  of  the  Reid  Memorial' 
Library. 

COLEGROVE,  Mrs.  Mabel  E.,  New  York  State 
Library  School,  '10,  has  resigned  her  position 
as  librarian  of  the  Heermance  Memorial  Li- 
brary at  Coxsackie,  N.  Y.,  to  take  charge  of 
the  catalog  department  of  the  Public  Library 
at  Newark,  N.  J. 


May,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


305 


COURSEN,  Laura,  for  seventeen  years  libra- 
rian of  the  Dennis  Library,  Newton,  N.  J., 
died  April  19. 

EATON,  Alice,  assistant  librarian  at  the  Utica 
(N.  Y.)  Public  Library,  is  to  be  librarian  at 
Harrisburg,  Pa. 

FLAGG,  Charles  A.,  of  the  Congressional 
'Library,  has  been  chosen  librarian  of  the 
Bangor,  Maine,  Public  Library. 


SUTHERLAND,  Lilian  A.,  Pittsburgh,  '08,. 
formerly  head  of  the  children's  department  of 
the  Rosenberg  Library,  Galveston,  Tex.,  has 
been  appointed  children's  librarian  at  Kansas 
City. 

SWARTHOUT,  Jasmine  A.,  has  been  appointed 
to  the  Heermance  Library  at  Coxackie,  N.  Y.. 

Gifts  and  Bequests 


CARNEGIE  LIBRARY  GIFTS,  JAN.  i-MARCH  31, 


GREEN,  Belle  Da  Costa,  librarian  of  the  late 
J.  Pierrepont  Morgan's  collection,  receives  by 
the  terms  of  his  will  the  sum  of  $50,000.  I9I3. 

TOWN  AMOUNT 

HEAD,  Idress,  for  six  years  librarian  of  the  Allegan,  Mich $10,000 

Missouri  Historical  Association,  is  to  marry  Aurora,  N.  Y 9,000 

Clarence  Walworth  Alvord,  associate  pro-  Bainbridge,  Ga. . 10,000 

fessor  of  history  at  the  University  of  Illinois.  iLTmfield!  >&!  "d. !™?fh.1P). ! '. ! '. '. ! ! '.  's'.ooo 

Bradford,  Pa.  (for  addition  to  building) 10,000 

HUNT,    Mrs.    L.    M.,    for    the    last    thirteen  Burlington,     Kan.     (increase) 656 

years   librarian   at  the  University   of   Missis-  £armel,  Ind.,  and  Clay  Township 9,000 

eirmi     Viac    rpcionp^  Charleston,    W.    Va 45.OOO 

}PJ»  nas  Clinton  Township,  Waterman,  111 3,500 

KINGSLEY,  Arline  Redington,  Drexel,  '09,  was  c£»S?*lJm??.' ." .'  * .' .'.'."!. .'.'.'.'." .Y.Y.Y. Y.' ' ' "  lo'ooo 

married  on  Dec.  25,  1912,  at  her  home  in  Dawson,  Ga.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.  Y....Y.Y.Y.". .......  xo.'ooo 

Baltimore,  Md.f  to  Mr.  Archibald  Sylvester  Edgar,  Neb.  (town  and  township) 8,000 

Hall,  of  Washington,  D.  C.  %SS&  M '  fata* '  br^h)  \ '.  \ '. '. '. '. '. '. '.  \1\IT, 

McCAULEY    Pauline   M.,   New  York   State  ™*jj  Neb............   ......   .........  «^ 

Library  School,     IO-II,  has  resigned  her  pOSl-  Franklin,    Tenn.    (for    Williamson    Co.) 5,000 

tion    as   first    assistant    at   the   Wylie   avenue  Garrett,  Ind 10,000 

branch  of  the  Carnegie  Library  at  Pittsburgh,  SfL^S?'  /13d 8'000 

1.,         .       °  £     ,       _,  •',  ,.      T  .,  (jlendale,    Cal 12,500 

to  become  librarian  of  the  Public  Library  at  Grant's    Pass,    Ore 12,500^ 

Waxo,  Tex.  Gridley,   Cal 7,000 

Havre.   Mont 12,000 

NASON,    Sabra    L.,    Illinois,     05-07,    for    the  Huntington    Beach,    Cal 10,000 

past  two  years  librarian  of  the  Fort  Dodge,  fiamath  Falls  (Co.),  Ore 20,000- 

ipwa,  Public  Library,  has  resigned  her  Posi-  Ly™s?'x  Y\\\\'.'.':. . :::::::::::::::::::::  £S£ 

tion  and  is  spending  a  few  weeks  in  Florida,  Marietta,  0 30,000 

taking  a  much  needed  rest.  Mooresville  and  Brown  Townships,  Ind 10,000 

New  Haven,   Conn.    (3  branches) , ...  60,000 

OSGOOD,   Mary   A.,  Illinois,   '04-05,   has   re-  Sutle^'  S"  J'" 'J '*":'"+ u:";i< I0'000 

signed  the  librarianship  of  the  Tyler    Texas  g^,S«  SS^SS)^  ••  • ' '.  1 1  '•  '•  KSf 

Public  Library,  a  position  which  she  has  held  Parowan,  Utah 6,000 

for  the  past  eight  years,   and  has  been   ap-  Pty1710"*!?'  Jnd l s.°oa 

pointed  .librarian    of   the    public    library    at  Eab^^'WK^^"":":":""":  !tS£ 

rort  bmitn,  Arkansas.  Roachdalc   Town   and   Franklin   T'ship,   Ind..  10,000 

_.                    _           , ,      .                                         i  •    e  *San    Francisco,    Cal 750,000 

PFEIFFER,  Sara  M.,  for  several  years  chief  st.   George,   Utah 5,000 

of  the  circulating  department  of  the  Atlantic  Sharon,   Mass 10,000 

City  Public  Library,  was  married  on  April  12  ^oals'  Ind-|  and  townships  Halbert  &  Centre.  10,000 

Jr,~       .       ,,,    •**•    J         j       MI         .j        ,    -vr      ,1  Sigourney,    Iowa 10,000 

to  Charles  W.  May,  and  will  reside  at  North-  Springfield,  Mass.,  Inc 10,000 

field,  N.  J.  West   Point,    Miss 10,000 

Two    Rivers,    Wis 12,500 

READ,  Helen  S.,  of  the  library  staff,  has  been  Tuscarawas,  O.   (county) 50,000 

appointed  head  of  the  newly  organized  order  Union  Township,  Brown  Co.,  0 10,000 

department  in  the  Kansas  City  Public  Library.  vI^erlo^Tnd^^ow^  aid  Township: ! ! ! ! !! I!  tooo 

Watts,    Cal 10,000 

ROBERTS,  Flora  B.,  of  Superior  (Wis.)  P.  L.,  West   Allis,    Wis 15,000 

has  been  appointed  librarian  of  the  Pottsville  West  Tampa,  Fla 17,500 

(Pa)    P    L  Yreka,  Cal 8,000 

SETTLE,  George  Thomas,  of  Louisville,  Ky., 
was  married  April  10,  to  Miss  Anna  Flor- 

ence   Hubbuch.  Exeter,    Ont 8,000- 

T              ,  _       ,                  .         j     ,  .  Tillsonburg,    Ont 10,000 

SOLTS-COHEN,    Leon    M.,    has    resigned    his  Weston,  Ont 10,000 

position  as  head  of  the  department  of  travel-  — 

ing  libraries  of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library,  This  gift  made  12  years  ago,  but  San  Francisco 

to    become    office    manager    of    an    importing  n^6oa*0e0d'  promised  years  aRO>  but  no  action  taken, 

house.  by  Edmonton   till  amount  made   $75,000. 

\ 


306 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


Airdrie,    Scotland £5,500 

Bethnal    Green,    London,    England /  5,000 

Fairlie,    N.    Z 1,000 

Heidelberg,     Cape     Colony 800 

Radcliffe,     Eng.     (Inc.) 433 

Rowley    Regis,    Eng.     (Inc.) 303 

Timarn,    N.    Z.    (Inc.) 1,500 

Cornell  University.  The  library  of  the  late 
Professor  John  Craig,  said  to  be  the  second 
largest  and  most  complete  private  collection  in 
the  country  on  purely  agricultural  topics,  has 
been  presented  to  the  Cornell  State  College  of 
Agriculture  by  Mrs..  Craig.  The  collection  in- 
cludes more  than  5000  volumes. 

Danville,  Vt.  Mr.  Morrill,  of  New  York 
City,  has  given  the  library  $1000. 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  The  public  library 
has  received  $1000  as  a  bequest  from  the  late 
Frederick  P.  Wilcox. 

Ilion,  N.  Y.,  has  received  by  will  of  Fred- 
erick V.  Weller  a  bequest,  consisting  of  his 
house,  two  acres  of  land,  a  block  in  the  vil- 
lage and  about  $60,000  to  be  used  for  the 
library  and  park. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS. — District  No.  6  of 
the  Independent  Order  B'nai  B'rith  has  pre- 
sented to  the  University  of  Illinois  a  contribu- 
tion toward  the  formation  of  a  B'nai  B'rith 
library  of  Jewish  literature,  to  illustrate  the 
activities  of  the  Jewish  people  in  furthering 
the  progress  of  civilization.  The  fund  was 
sent  through  a  committee  of  which  Mr.  Ed- 
ward Sonnenschein,  of  Chicago,  was  chair- 
man. Messrs.  Israel  Cowen  and  A.  B.  Seelen- 
freund,  of  Chicago,  and  Mr.  Isaac  Kuhn,  of 
Champaign,  111.,  have  been  especially  active  in 
the  establishment  of  such  a  library.  The  books 
are  being  selected  by  Dr.  D.  S.  Blondheim,  of 
the  romance  faculty. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.  By  the  will  of  Ida  Han- 
cock Ross,  $10,000  is  left  for  the  establish- 
ment of  the  "Henry  Hancock  memorial  room" 
when  the  permanent  library  building  is  fin- 
ished. 

LIBRARY    GIFTS   IN    igiz. 

THE  A.  L.  A.  Bulletin  for  March  contains 
a  list  and  analysis  of  gifts  to  American  libra- 
ries in  1912,  including  money,  buildings,  sites, 
books,  miscellaneous  and  un described  items. 
Mr.  Carnegie's  gifts  for  the  year  are  about 
the  same  as  in  1911,  with  a  total  of  $2,236,953. 
Other  donors  have  given  nearly  three  times  as 
much  as  in  1911 — $3,265,825.21,  as  against  $i,- 
038,452.69.  This  includes  Mrs.  Widener's 
$1,000,000  gift  to  Harvard  University.  The  total 
number  of  volumes  given  is  about  twice  that 
of  IQII,  and  gifts  of  sites  have  more  than 
doubled.  "The  most  conspicuous  gifts  of  the 
year  are  those  of  the  Widener  library  at  Har- 
vard;  $750,000  to  St.  Paul  from  J.  J.  Hill; 
$200,000  to  Trinity  College  from  J.  Pierpont 
Morgan ;  $250,000  to  Manchester,  N.  H.,  from 
Frank  P.  Carpenter;  the  Avery  building  at 
Columbia  University,  costing  $500,000,  from 


S.  J.  Avery;  $750,000  from  Mr.  Carnegie  to 
the  city  of  San  Francisco." 

The  total  amount  for  the  year  is  $5,502,- 
778.21;  115,954  volumes,  16  sites  and  13 
buildings  have  been  given  in  addition. 

We  add  a  list  of  gifts  of  $1000  or  over  not 
hitherto  noted  in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL: 

Louisiana. 

New  Orleans.      $25,000   increase   from  Andrew   Car- 
negie. 

California. 

Univ.  of  Santa  Clara.     Gift  of  law  library  of  Judge 

David   H.    Belden;    $10,000    for   law   library   from 

Hon.    John   W.    Ryland. 
Stanford   University.      Mrs.    O.   B.   Dodge,   $5000  to 

Medical  Dept.   library. 
Connecticut. 

New   Haven.     Yale   University   Library,   6000   vols., 

incl.    manuscripts   and    notable   editions    of   Amer- 
ican  authors,  valued  at   $100,000,   from  Owen   F. 

Aldis,    of    Chicago. 
Georgia. 

Bainbridge.      $10,000    from   Andrew   Carnegie. 
Iowa. 

Sigourney.     $10,000   from   Andrew   Carnegie. 
Massachusetts. 

Arlington.     $25,000   from  Winfield   Robbins  for  the 

preservation   and   increase   of   print   collection. 
Athol.      $15,000    from  Andrew   Carnegie. 
Attleboro.     $3000  from  D.  H.   Smith. 
Boston.      $10,000,    endowment    fund    for    books    by 

will  of  Catherine   Knapp. 
Brewster.      Income    from    $3000    by    will    of    Joseph 

Nickerson. 

Cohasset.     $2000  by  will   of  Mary  L.   Williams. 
Concord.     $5000  by  will  of  Martha  R.   Hunt. 
Dedham.     $3000  by  will  of  Catherine  Lamson. 
East   Bridgewater.      $3000   by   will   of   W.    A.    Rust. 
Easton.     $10,000  by  will  of  Cyrus  Lothrop. 
Lynn.      $1000    from    John    Page    Woodbury. 
Maiden.     $1000  by  will  of  Mrs.  Mary  W.  F.  Smith. 
Newton.     W.    M.   Bullivant,   money   for  a  memorial 

library  at  West   Newton. 
Sharon.      $3000   by   will    of   Lucius    Clapp. 
Springfield.      $1000   by   will   of  J.    L.    Shipley. 
Topsfiold.     $5000  upon  death  of  widow  of  Dr.  J.  A. 

Lamson. 
Tynsborough.      $5000  by  will   of  Mary   E.   Bennett; 

$2000    will    of    Frederick    Blanchard. 
Westminster.      $1000  by  will    of  Manson    Haws. 
Minnesota. 

Benson.      $1500    for   site   by  popular    subscription. 
New    York. 

Alden.       $15,000     for     building     from     Joseph     E. 

Ewell    and    Carrie    F.    Ewell. 
Belfast.      $1000    from   a   friend. 

Colton.      $22,000    for    building,    $35,000    for    endow- 
ment  from   A.    Barton    Hepburn. 
Corning.       Perpetual     leasehold    of    floor    of    large 

new  building  by   Q.    W.    Wellington. 
East  Hounsfield.     Building  and  ground  worth  $4000 

from    Cleveland    family. 
Franklinville.      $5000    for    building    and    site    from 

H.    F     Blont. 

Glen  Iris.     Building  by  will  of  W.   P.   Letch  worth. 
Haverstraw.      $2000    from    a    friend. 
Hoosick    Falls.      $50,000    for    building    and    endow- 
ment by  will  of   C.  A.    Cheney. 
Little    Falls.      Law    library,    collection    and    $5000 

endowment   by   will    of  Watts    T.    Loomis. 
New    York.      R.    R.    Y.    M.    C.    A.    Library,    $1200 

from    a    friend. 

New    Rochelle.      $60,000    from   Andrew    Carnegie. 
Poughkeepsie.     Vassar  College  Library,   $1400   from 

unnamed    donor. 
Rhinecliff.       $80,000     permanent     endowment     from 

Levi    P.    Morton. 

Rome.      $4000   by   will   of  W.   J.    P.   Kingsley. 
Russell.      $2000    endowment    from    S.    H.    Knpx. 
Skaneateles.       $1000     for     endowment     by    will     of 

Alice    S.    Mosely. 
Smithtown.      Site    from    Mrs.    S.    C.    Butler;    $2500 

for  building  by   various   donors. 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


307 


Syracuse.      $5000   for   branch,   South   Side   Business 

Men's    Ass'n. 
North   Carolina. 

Asheville.     $1700    (about)    from   Pack   family. 
Ohio, 

Oberlin    College    Library,    $10,000    anonymous    gift. 

Paulding   Co.     $40,000   from  Andrew  Carnegie. 

Pennsylvania, 

Clifton    Heights.      Parsonage    from    New   Jerusalem 

church    for   library   and    social   center. 
Haverford.        Haverford      College      Library,      stack 

building  for  100,000  vols.  by  anonymous  donor. 
Lancaster.      $2300    from    Frank    Brenneman. 
Pennsburg.       Perkiomen     Seminary,     $20,000     from 

Andrew   Carnegie. 

Rhode  Island. 

Brown   University.     Corthell   Engineenring  Library, 

$5000  endowment,   from   Elmer  L.   Corthell. 
Public  Library.     $5000  from  Dr.  Oliver  H.  Arnold. 
Tennessee. 

Lebanon.      Castle   Heights   Training   School.      Build- 
ing estimated  at  $12,000  from  Rutherford  Parkes. 

Vermont. 

Reading-.     $5000  by   will   of   Clarence   W.   Marks. 
Shelburne.      $1000   from  Mrs.   W.    S.  Webb. 
Springfield.     $2000  by  will  of  Mrs.  Jane  M.  Dana. 

Wisconsin. 

Plymouth.     $10,000  for  building  by  will  of  Clemena 

E.    Smith. 
Prairie    du    Sac.      $10,000    from    Hon.    J.    C.    Tripp 

for   village   hall    and    library  building. 
Reedsburg.      $1000   by   will   of   Mrs.    Ward. 


TReports 


Allegheny  County  Law  L.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
J.  Oscar  Emrich,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Ac- 
cessions 1436;  total  26,061. 

The  index  of  cases  on  Pennsylvania  law, 
containing  17,000  citations,  has  been  put  in 
use,  and  the  circulating  library  largely  patron- 
ized. 

Atlanta  (Ga.)  Carnegie  L.  Katherine  Hin- 
ton  Wootten,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Acces- 
sions 1197;  total  57,392.  New  registration 
7616;  total  registration  42,942.  Circulation 
323,394.  ^  Receipts  $25,137.04. 

Juvenile  work,  branches,  advertisement  and 
reference  work  are  reported  in  flourishing 
condition.  All  fiction  is  issued  for  fourteen 
days,  and  fines  have  been  reduced  to  one  cent 
per  day. 

Arlington  (Mass.}  P.  L.  Elizabeth  J.  New- 
ton, Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  853; 
total  26,189.  New  registration  648.  Circula- 
tion 49,140.  Receipts  $7486.89;  book  expen- 
diture $743.83- 

Auburn  (Me.}  P.  L.  Anne  Prescott,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.— yr.  to  Mr.  I,  '12.)  Accessions  1030 ; 
total  17,943.  New  registration  662.  Circula- 
tion 51,317- 

Bayonne  (N.  J.)  F.  P.  L.  Mary  G.  Peters, 
Ibn.  Accessions  3714;  total  31,407.  Total  reg- 
istration 11,417.  Circulation  196,228.  Re- 
ceipts $17,577.79;  expenditures  $17,144.50. 

The  circulation  has  increased  27  per  cent, 
over  1911,  an  average  of  4  books  per  capita 
for  the  population,  and  6  loans  for  .each  book 
in  the  library. 


Belfast  (Me.}  F.  L.  Annie  Leonora  Barr, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  to  Mr.  i,  '13.)  Accessions 
701 ;  total  16,002.  New  registration  198.  Cir- 
culation 26,811. 

Belmont  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Mary  Sawyer,  Ibn. 
(Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  649;  total  14,- 
732.  Circulation  27,828.  Receipts  $3614.07; 
expenditures  $3502.68. 

Bradford  (Pa.),  Carnegie  P.  L.  Susan  L. 
Sherman,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  to  F.  28,  1913.)  Ac- 
cessions 1313;  total  18,636.  New  registration 
898;  total  6408.  Circulation  98,858.  Receipts 
$7425.30;  expenditures  $5728.32. 

Mr.  Carnegie  has  promised  $10,000  for  an 
annex.  Children's  room  has  had  its  busiest 
year;  85  per  cent,  of  the  school  children  are 
registered  at  library.  A  "reading  ladder"  is 
in  use. 

Brookline  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Louisa  M.  Hooper, 
Ibn.  Accessions  4301 ;  total  79,007.  New  reg- 
istration 1000;  total  registration  7249.  Circu- 
lation 198,578. 

A  reading  room  and  branch  has  been  opened 
at  Coolidge  Corners,  and  a  reading  room  and 
deposit  station  on  Cypress  street.  Children's 
work  is  increasing. 

University  of  California,  Berkeley  (Cal.). 
].  C.  Rowell,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — 1910-1912.)  Acces- 
sions, 1910-11,  14,114;  1911-12,  26,161;  total 
238,506. 

In  February,  1911,  the  law  library  was  trans- 
ferred to  Boalt  Hall,  and  the  main  collection 
of  about  220,000  volumes  removed  to  the  Doe 
Memorial  Library,  as  described  in  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL  for  September,  1911.  The  depository 
catalog  includes  the  L.  C.  cards  since  1903, 
and  many  from  the  John  Crerar,  Harvard, 
Royal  Library  in  Berlin.  Other  notable  addi- 
tions are  to  be  made  this  year. 

"With  the  opening  of  the  new  building,  the 
system  of  fines  for  late  return  of  books  in 
the  circulating  collection  was  abolished.  The 
situation  and  the  aims  of  the  library  adminis- 
tration were  brought  before  the  students 
through  their  officers  and  by  articles  in  the 
Daily  Calif ornian.  The  result  so  far  has  not 
been  satisfactory.  The  experience  of  the  past 
year  has  shown  the  new  building  to  be  emi- 
nently satisfactory  in  most  respects.  Some 
additional  seminar  rooms  of  the  large  size 
are  needed  for  the  accommodation  of  depart- 
ments which  are  uncomfortably  crowded  in 
the  smaller  rooms,  while  increase  in  the  staff 
and  readjustment  of  work  necessitates  en- 
largement and  rearrangement  of  the  adminis- 
trative offices.  This  latter  need  will  become 
imperative  when  the  work  of  recataloging 
starts.  The  Doe  Memorial  Library  was  dedi- 
cated March  23,  1912.  A  scholarly  oration — 
The  Quick  in  the  "dead" ' — was  delivered  be- 
fore a  large  audience  in  the  Greek  Theatre 
by  Dr.  Herbert  Putnam,  librarian  of  Con- 
gress. The  assembly  then  adjourned  to  the 
library,  where,  in  front  of  the  main  entrance, 
brief  dedicatory  addresses  were  made  by  Li- 


308 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913? 


brarian  Rowell,  Dr.  Putnam,  Mr.  Loring  B. 
Doe  and  President  Wheeler." 

Cedar  Rapids  (la.)  F.  P.  L.  E.  Joanna 
Hazey,  Ibn.  (Rpt— yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
3315;  total  27,497.  New  registration  1542; 
total  12,397.  Circulation  163,654.  Receipts 
$14,156.12;  disbursements  $13,023.08. 

Many  effective  advertising  and  extension 
schemes  are  outlined  in  the  report. 

Cincinnati  (O.)  P.  L.  N.  D.  C.  Hodges, 
Ibn.  Later  and  corrected  figures  for  this  li- 
brary for  the  year  1912  are  1,507,605  books 
and  414,927  pictures ;  circulation,  a  total  of 
1,922,532. 

Clinton  (la.)  F.  P.  L.  Anna  M.  Tarr,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  729;  total  18,- 
045.  New  registration  751 ;  total  9145.  Cir- 
culation 79,495.  Receipts  $7618.72;  expendi- 
tures $5525.22. 

Concord  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Helen  Whitney  Kel- 
ley,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  to  F  I,  '13)  Accessions 
1225;  total  41,252.  Circulation  37,637.  Re- 
ceipts $4216.21 ;  expenditures  $4216.21. 

Dalton  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Mrs.  M.  E.  Davison, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.  to  Mr.  i,  1913.)  Accessions  599; 
total  19,990.  Circulation  23,527. 

Dedham  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Anna  P.  Rolland, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  to  J.  31,  1913.)  Accessions 
1141;  total  30,784.  Total  registration  5023. 
Circulation  59,374.  Receipts  $6392.94;  ex- 
penses $5883.66. 

Detroit  (Mich.)  P.  L.  H.  M.  Utley,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.  —  yr  1912.)  Accessions  25,921;  total 
267,633.  Circulation  1,025,980  (schools  ^116,- 
937).  New  registration  20,973;  total  registra- 
tion 73,026.  Receipts  $310,948.46;  expenditures 

Mr.  Utley,  in  making  his  last  report  as  libra- 
rian of  Detroit  Public  Library,  calls  the  year 
a  particularly  notable  one  in  all  lines  of  the 
library's  activities.  The  central  library  has  m- 
troduced  an  open  shelfroom,  with  a  collection 
of  about  6000  of  the  newest  and  best  books 
in  all  classes  of  literature.  A  new  branch 
library  was  opened  and  two  others  are  in 
process  of  erection.  Only  one  branch  is  now 
in  rented  quarters.  The  extension  department 
has  opened  eight  new  stations — for  men  em- 
ployees of  the  telephone  company,  Bohemian 
Turners'  Association,  American  Cigar  Fac- 
tory, etc.  Of  the  six  Carnegie  branches  ar- 
ranged for,  two  have  been  completed  and  oc- 
cupied and  the  others  are  in  progress.  The 
site  for  the  new  main  building  has  been  se- 
lected, and  several  of  the  necessary  parcels 
of  land  acquired.  The  architectural  competi- 
tion and  preparation  of  drawings,  specifica- 
tions, etc.,  probably  will  postpone  actual  build- 
ing operations  for  a  year.  The  training  class 
now  has  a  term  corresponding  with  the  school 
year.  A  bill  in  regard  to  library  pensions  has 
been  prepared  for  the  legislature. 

Elgin  (III.),  Gail  Borden  L.  K.  L.  Abbott, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.  to  Mr.  i,  1913.)  Accessions  1660; 
total  42,000.  Circulation  210,711. 


Fairhaven  (Mass.),  Millicent  L.  Galen  W. 
Hill,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  873  ^ 
total  20.868.  Circulation  51,709.  New  regis- 
tration 388;  total  registration  2454. 

Fitchburg  (Mass.)  P.  L.  George  E.  Nut- 
ting, Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  -Accessions  1528; 
total  55,519.  Registration  5120.  Circulation  75,- 
452,  Receipts  $9317.28;  expenditures  $9316.62. 

Galveston  (Tex},  Rosenberg  L.  Frank  C. 
Patten,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
2544;  total  37,921.  New  registration  1232^ 
total  registration  10,575.  Circulation  74,482, 
Receipts  $58,039.79;  expenditures  $47,919.20. 

The  lecture  season  of  the  past  year  was- 
notably  successful,  with  an  attendance  of  7000. 
The  last  three  of  a  course  of  six  lectures  by 
Dr.  Edgar  J.  Banks  on  the  Orient  had  to  be 
given  twice  on  each  day  announced. 

Green  Bay  (Wis.),  Kellogg  P.  L.  Deborah 
B.  Martin,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  to  Jl.  i,  1912.) 
Accessions  (main  library)  1375.  Registration 
(main)  6135.  Circulation  (total)  63,946.  Re- 
ceipts $8751.23;  expenditures  $6902.08. 

Extension  work  is  growing;  children's  clubs 
meeting  in  the  libraries.  An  historical  story 
hour  has  been  successful,  and  a  new  branch, 
opened  on  the  west  side. 

Harvard  University  L.,  Cambridge,  Mass, 
William  C.  Lane,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  to  June  30, 
1912.)  Accessions  60,656;  total  1,664,900  (ac- 
cessions to  college  library  alone,  49>Q27)  •  Cir- 
culation 109,442  (including  loans,  reference 
and  over-night  use  from  Gore  and  Harvard 
halls).  Total  expended  for  books  $54,"5- 

"Except,  perhaps,  for  the  years  1638,  when- 
the  Harvard  Library  was  founded,  and  1764, 
when  it  was  burned  down,  the  past  year  has 
been  the  most  notable  in  its  history,"  says  the 
report  of  the  director  of  the  university  library. 
The  gift  of  Mrs.  George  D.  Widener  of  the 
Harry  Elkins  Widener  Memorial  Library  is 
the  notable  event  referred  to,  though,  in  re- 
cording the  library's  growth,  the  activities  of 
the  past  year  in  all  branches  are  also  of  im- 
portance. The  amount  expended  for  books 
by  the  college  library  alone  has  been  fifty 
per  cent,  greater  than  in  any  previous  twelve 
months.  The  European  book-buying  trips, 
made  by  Dr.  Walter  Lichtenstein  (see  his 
own  account  in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  for  Feb- 
ruary), were  of  great  value  in  adding  to  the 
importance  of  the  special  collections. 

"The  chief  events  in  the  administration  of 
the  college  library  have  been  the  substitution, 
wherever  possible,  of  the  printed  _  standard- 
size  cards  of  the  Congressional  Library  for 
our  small  written  ones,  and  the  beginning  to- 
print  new  standard  cards  of  our  own.  .  . 
Towards  the  end  of  August,  1911,  after  the 
necessary  new  catalog  cases  had  been  put  inr 
the  work  of  the  insertion  of  Library  of  Con- 
gress and  other  standard  cards  was  taken  up 
and  was  not  completed  until  about  Nov.  i, 
1912.  During  that  time,  323,000  new  cards 
were  prepared  and  inserted  in  the  trays,  and 
about  an  equal  number  of  old  ones  taken  out- 


May,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


309 


In  spite  of  the  difficulty  and  cost  of  the  op-' 
eration  and  the  inconvenience  to  which  it 
temporarily  put  many  people,  experience  has 
only  further  convinced  us  of  its  necessity. 
Our  own  printing  of  cards  started  on  Novem- 
ber i,  and  has  proceeded  slowly  and  cautious- 
ly. The  subscription  of  several  other  libra- 
ries to  our  cards  helps  to  lighten  a  cost  which 
otherwise  might  be  heavy. 

"The  pressing  task  of  classification  and  re- 
classification  has  proceeded  as  fast  as  our 
straitened  conditions  have  permitted.  In 
1911-12,  18,038  volumes  were  arranged  into 
new  groups.  Amidst  the  press  of  other  busi- 
ness, but  little  could  be  done  for  the  subject 
catalogs  except  the  carrying  out  of  reforms 
previously  decided  upon. 

"The  last  year  has  been  a  notable  one  in 
the  history  of  the  Law  School  Library.  Its 
growth  has  been  unprecedented — 21,447  v°l~ 
times  and  3594  pamphlets.  An  event  of  signal 
importance  has  been  the  purchase  of  the  li- 
brary of  the  Marquis  de  Olivart.  This  great 
library  contains  nearly  seven  thousand  titles 
(about  twice  as  many  volumes).  Its  com- 
pleteness is  indicated  by  the  circumstance  that 
the  catalog  of  this  library  is  the  standard  bib- 
liography of  international  law,  referred  to  as 
such  in  recent  treatises  on  the  subject. 

"The  library  of  the  Divinity  School  has 
been  brought  over  into  the  new  building  of 
the  Andover  Theological  Seminary.  The  two 
collections  are  now  being  merged  into  one, 
but  the  process  must  be  slow. 

"The  new  wing  of  the  Gray  Herbarium  has 
been  completed,  thus  providing  excellent  and 
much-needed  accommodation  for  several  thou- 
sand volumes." 

The  librarian  reports  in  detail  the  condition 
of  the  school  and  laboratory  special  libraries 
of  the  university,  as  well  as  the  cataloging, 
reclassification  and  general  condition  of  the 
main  library.  Since  the  writing  of  this  re- 
port, the  library  has  been  moved  from  Gore 
Hall  to  Randall  Hall,  where  it  will  be  housed 
during  the  erection  of  the  Widener  building. 
An  account  of  the  moving  was  printed  in  the 
LIBRARY  JOURNAL  for  March,  and  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  new  building  may  be  found  on 
page  267  of  this  number. 

Jacksonville  (Fla.)  F.  P.  L.  Lloyd  W.  Jos- 
selyn,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
3195;  total  25.839.  Registration  3849;  colored 
228.  Circulation  132,502  (colored  8818).  Re- 
ceipts $15,507.48;  expenditures  $15,33743- 

Lancaster  (Mass.)  Town  L.  Virginia  M. 
Keyes,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  867; 
total  37,953.  New  registration  136 ;  total  840. 
Circulation  14,627. 

Lawrence  (Kan.)  P.  L.  Mrs.  Nellie  G. 
Beatty,  Ibn.  (Rpt  — yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
780;  total  11,526.  New  registration  1233;  total 
registration  3870.  Circulation  48,804.  Re- 
ceipts $4438.47;  expenditures  $3723.61. 


Leaveninorth  (Kan.)  F.  P.  L.  Irving  R. 
Bundy,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
1598;  total  20,365.  Registration  4441.  Circu- 
lation 67,729.  Expenditures  $5814.17. 

Littleton  (Mass.),  Reuben  Hoar  L.  Cora 
Whitcomb  Davis,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  to  F.  28, 
'13.)  Accessions  382;  total  12,402.  New  reg- 
istration 64.  Circulation  10,500.  Expenditures 
$1170.79. 

Maiden  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Herbert  William 
Fison,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  — yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
2834;  total  62,274.  Circulation  182,929.  Re- 
ceipts $48,911.57;  expenditures  $42,376.58. 

Montclair  (N.  7.)  F.  P.  L.  Helen  M.  Herr- 
ling,  acting  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Acces- 
sions 2597;  total  32,261.  New  registration  931; 
total  registration  4396.  Circulation  142,661. 

Morristown  (N.  J.)  Free  L.  C.  O.  Louns- 
bury,  Ibn.  Accessions  630.  New  registration 
391 ;  total  4106.  Circulation  26,608. 

Nashville  (Tenn.)  P.  L.  Margaret  McE. 
Kercheval,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
4296;  total  71,827.  New  registration  1791; 
total  registration  24,631.  Circulation  157,166. 
Receipts  $18,464.02;  expenditures  $17,207.50. 

Bills  now  pending  involve  county  circulation 
and  the  installation  of  school  libraries  through 
the  county,  an  action  that  will  open  the  doors 
of  the  library  to  an  additional  population  of 
39,114.  Advertising  is  carried  on  with  leaflets, 
letters,  signs,  etc.  Two  new  branches,  one 
colored,  are  being  built. 

Newton  (Mass.)  F.  L.  Elizabeth  P.  Thurs- 
ton,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  3441 ; 
total  83,249.  New  registration  3087;  total 
registration  12,280.  Circulation  284,186.  Re- 
ceipts $27,934.47;  expenditures  $27,898.15. 

The  enlarged  central  building  has  just  been 
opened  after  extensive  repairs. 

New  York  (N.  Y.)  Botanical  Garden  L. 
John  Hendley  Barnhart,  Ibn.  Accessions 
(net)  446;  total  24,024. 

Norwich  (N.  Y.),  Guernsey  Mem.  L.  N. 
Louise  Ruckteshler,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  to  Je.  30, 
'12.)  Accessions  884;  total  10,287.  New  reg- 
istration 281;  total  2531.  Circulation  31,620. 
Receipts  $3891.33;  expenditures  $3666.71. 

Oil  City,  Pa.,  Carnegie  P.  L.  Emily  Glezen, 
Ibn.  (Rpt— yr.  to  Mr.  31,  '13.)  Accessions 
1023;  total  13,450.  New  registration  808;  total 
registration  6213.  Circulation  57,935- 

A  Polish  collection  of  61  books  had  a  circu- 
lation of  585  and  a  collection  on  the  modern 
graded  Sunday  school  is  of  much  use. 

Painesville  (O.),  Morley  L.  Margaret  Kil- 
bourne,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  to  Mr.  i,  1913.)  Ac- 
cessions 580;  total  10,433.  Registration  3050. 
Circulation  42,241. 

Peabody  (Mass.)  Institute.  Lyman  P.  Os- 
born,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  792; 
total  45,394.  Circulation  34,162. 


3io 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  1913 


Philadelphia  (Pa.),  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences.  Edward  J.  Nolan,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr. 
1912.)  Accessions  8793  (1046  volumes,  7595 
pamphlets,  142  maps,  10  sheets). 

Quincy  (Mass.),  Thomas  Crane  P.  L.  Alice 
E.  White,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
2817;  total  33,866.  New  registration  1762; 
total  7637.  Circulation  120,559. 

A  branch  has  been  opened  at  Atlantic,  and 
growth  is  reported  along  all  lines. 

Randolph  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Charles  C.  Farn- 
ham,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  629; 
total  24,152.  Circulation  28,235.  Registration 
1899- 

Virginia  (Minn.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.) 
Accessions  2000;  total  7921.  New  registration 
1124;  total  registration  3717.  Circulation  46,- 
906.  Receipts  $10,388.52 ;  expenditures  $6879.90. 

Waltham  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Orlando  C.  Davis, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  to  Ja.,  '13.)  Accessions  1770; 
total  38,576.  New  registration  1494 ;  total 
7793-  Circulation  110,217.  Receipts  $7811.44; 
expenditures  $7811.44. 

Western  Illinois  State  Normal  School  L., 
Macomb,  III.  Margaret  Dunbar,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — 
yr.  to  Jl.,  '12.)  Accessions  1335.  Circulation 
22,430.  Number  students  in  course  in  library 
economy  (l/2  credit),  32. 

Weymouth  (Mass.),  Tufts  L.  Abbie  L. 
Loud,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912)  Accessions  953; 
total  26,790.  New  registration  349;  total  reg- 
istration 2629.  Circulation  52,552.  Receipts 
$5127.88;  expenditures  $4854.13. 

Winchester  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Cora  A.  Quim- 
by,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  725; 
total  23,000.  New  registration  284.  Circula- 
tion 46,140. 

Yonkers  (N.  Y.),  Hollywood  Inn  L.  (Rpt. 
— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  458;  total  8658.  Cir- 
culation 11,012.  Reading  room  12,303. 

Yonkers  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  Helen  M.  Blod- 
gett,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  3392; 
total  28,357.  New  registration  2936;  total  reg- 
istration 31,958.  Circulation  199,006  (not  in- 
cluding traveling  libraries). 

FOREIGN 

County  Borough  of  Brighton,  P.  L.  Will- 
iam Law,  Ibn.  Reference  L. — Accessions  1264; 
total  35,829.  Circulation  191,257.  Lending  L. — 
Accessions  955;  total  40,916.  Circulation 
269,645. 

Edinburgh,  Scotland,  Advocates?  Library. 
William  K.  Dickson,  Ibn.  Accessions  10,432 
(51,230,  including  pamphlets,  music,  maps)  ; 
total  619,500  volumes  and  music  (73,900 
maps,  charts,  etc.). 

CANADA 

Regina  (Can.)  P.  L.  J.  R.  C.  Honeyman, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Total  7607.  Circula- 
tion 57,675. 

The   report   covers   the   reconstruction   and 


reorganization  of  the  library  after  its  $10,000 
damage  by  a  tornado,  June  30,  1912. 

Toronto  (Can.)  P.  L.  George  H.  Locke, 
Ihn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  1912.)  Accessions  21,500;  to- 
tal 212,061.  Circulation  220,393.  Receipts 
$117,835.22;  expenditures  $90,572.26. 

Work  among  the  children  is  increasing  rap- 
idly, and  the  branches  are  doing  efficient  ser- 
vice. Detailed  reports  are  given  by  heads  of 
all  departments. 


an&  Catalogs     ^ 


ARTISTS.  Michigan  State  Library.  Biograph- 
ical sketches  of  American  artists.  Lansing, 
Mich.,  Mich.  State  Lib.  201  p.  (6l/2  p.  bibl.) 
pors.  8°,  pap. 

BAPTIST  CHURCH.  Brown,  Louise  Fargo.  The 
political  activities  of  the  Baptists  and  Fifth 
Monarchy  men  in  England  during  the  in- 
terregnum. Wash.,  D.  C,  Am.  Hist.  Assn. 
11+258  p.  (34  p.  bibl.)  12°,  (Prize  essays  of 
the  American  Historical  Assn.)  $1.50. 

BIRDS.  McAtee,  Waldo  Lee.  Index  to  papers 
relating  to  the  food  of  birds  by  members  of 
the  Biological  Survey  in  publications  of  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture, 
1885-1911.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  69  p. 
8°,  (U.  S.,  Dept.  of  Agriculture,  Biological 
Survey  bull,  no.  43.)  pap. 

BLIND  (The).  N.  Y.  P.  L.  Catalogue  of 
books  for  the  blind  in  the  circulation  de- 
partment. 41  p.  8°,  pap. 

BOOKS  AND  READING.  McFarland,  Raymond. 
The  high  school  teachers'  professional  li- 
brary. One  hundred  titles.  Middlebury, 
Vt.,  Middlebury  Coll.  16  p.  8°,  (Bull.)  pap.r 
gratis. 

-  Rathke,    S:      Zur    lektiire    des    pastores; 

Ein   beitrag.      Antigo,    Wis.,    Antigo    Pub. 

2+3-91  P.  8°,  50  c. 
BUILDING  TRADES.     Los  Angeles   (Cal.)    P.  L. 

Books   on  the  building  trades.     31   p.   12% 

pap. 

CHAPELAIN,  Jean.  Chapelain,  Jean.  Cata- 
logue de  tous  les  livres  de  feu  M.  Chapelain 
(Bibliotheque  Nationale.  Fonds  frangais, 
nouv.  acq.  no.  318);  ed.  by  Colbert  Searles; 
with  2  plates.  Stanford  University,  Cal. 
119  p.  por.  facsim.,  4°,  (University  ser.) 
pap.,  50  c. 

CHILDREN'S  READING.  Newark,  N.  J.  Free 
Public  Library.  Books  for  boys  and  girls  in 
the  Free  Public  Library,  Newark,  New  Jer~ 
sey.  Newark,  N.  J.,  Free  Pub.  Lib.  66  p. 
12°,  5  c. 

CONSERVATION.  Library  of  Congress.  Division- 
of  Bibliography.  Select  list  of  references  on 
the  conservation  of  natural  resources  in  the 


May,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


United  States;  comp.  under  the  direction  of 
Hermann  H.  B.  Myer.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov. 
Pr.  Off.  1 10  p.  4°,  pap.,  15  c. 

DIVINE  HEALING.  Weaver,  E:  E,  Mind  and 
health ;  with  an  examination  of  some  sys- 
tems of  divine  healing;  with  an  introd.  by 
G.  Stanley  Hall.  N.  Y.,  Macmillan.  c.  15+ 
500  p.  (14  p.  bibl.)  12°,  $2. 

DOMESTIC  SCIENCE.  Los  Angeles  (Cal.)  P.  L. 
Books  on  domestic  science:  housekeeping, 
foods  and  household  chemistry,  cookery, 
dressmaking,  etc.  12  p.  12°,  pap. 

EASTER.  Jersey  City  (N.  J.)  F.  P.  L.  Easter; 
and  references  on  Easter  contained  in  the 
library.  4  p.  4°,  pap. 

EDUCATION.  Wolcott,  John  D.,  comp.  Month- 
ly record  of  current  educational  publica- 
tions. Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  24  p.  8°, 
(U.  S.,  Bu.  of  Education  bull,  no.  n.)  pap. 

FIRE  PREVENTION.  Sp.  Libs.  Select  list  of 
references  on  fire  prevention.  Indianapolis, 
Ind.  28-39  p.  4°,  pap. 

FRENCH  LITERATURE.  Case  Lib.  French  fiction 
and  drama.  Cleveland,  O.  32  p.  24°,  pap. 

FRENCH  POETRY.  Bithell,  Jethro,  comp.  Con- 
temporary French  poetry;  selected  and  tr. 
by  Jethro  Bithell.  N.  Y.,  P.  P.  Simmons, 
Ltd.  82+227  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  16°,  (Canter- 
bury poets.)  40  c. 

GEOGRAPHY.  Salisbury,  Rollin  D.,  and  others. 
Modern  geography  for  high  schools.  N.  Y., 
Holt.  c.  9+418  p.  (5^  p.  bibl.)  il.  maps, 
12°,  (American  science  ser.)  $1.25. 

GEOLOGY.  Woodworth,  Jay  Backus.  Geolog- 
ical expedition  to  Brazil  and  Chile,  1908- 
1909;  with  37  plates.  Cambridge,  Mass., 
Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Harvard 
Coll.  137  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  il.  pis.  maps  (part 
fold.),  diagrs.,  8°,  (Bull.,  Geological  ser., 
Shaler  memorial  ser.)  $2.75. 

GERMAN  LITERATURE.  Robertson,  J.  G.  The 
literature  of  Germany.  N.  Y.,  Holt.  256  p. 
(3l/2  P.  bibl.)  16°,  (Home  university  lib.) 
50  c. 

HEBBEL,  Friedrich.  Newport,  Clara  Price. 
Woman  in  the  thought  and  work  of  Fried- 
rich  Hebbel.  Madison,  Wis.,  Univ.  of  Wis. 
155-301  p.  (4  P-  bibl.)  8°,  (Bull.  Philology 
and  literature  ser.)  pap.,  29  c. 

HEROES.  Carlyle,  T:  On  heroes,  hero-wor- 
ship, and  the  heroic  in  history;  ed.,  with 
introd.,  notes  and  bibliog.,  by  Herb.  S. 
Murch.  Best.,  Heath,  c.  45+313  P-  (3  P- 
bibl.)  por.  12°,  (Heath's  English  classics.) 
$1-75- 

INTERNATIONAL  LAW.  Borchard,  Edn.  Monte- 
fiore.  A  bibliography  of  international  law 
and  continental  law.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr. 
Off.  93  p.  4°,  pap. 


LAW.  Ames,  Ja.  Barr.  Lectures  on  legal  his- 
tory and  miscellaneous  legal  essays;  with  a 
memoir.  Cambridge,  Mass.,  Harvard  Univ. 
8+553  P-  (4  P-  bibl.)  por.  4°,  $3- 

LINCOLN,  Abraham.  Case  Lib.  A  list  of  Lin- 
colniana.  Cleveland,  O.  folder. 

MEDICINE.  Yale  University  Lib.  List  of  med- 
ical serials  (including  public  health  reports) 
in  the  Yale  University  Library,  1912;  comp. 
by  Sara  Gardner  Hyde.  New  Haven,  Ct., 
Yale  Univ.  Lib..  403-445  p.  8°,  50  c. 

MEXICO.  Goodrich,  Jos.  King.  The  coming- 
Mexico;  with  32  il.  from  photographs. 
Chic.,  McClurg.  c.  12+280  p.  (4  p.  bibl.) 
12°,  (World  to-day  ser.)  $1.50. 

NAPOLEON  L,  Emperor.  Anderson,  — .  The 
Napoleon  collection  of  William  J.  Latta,  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  Part  i,  containing  the 
library,  bronzes  and  important  selections 
from  prints  and  autographs.  N.  Y.  8°, 
pap.  (1222  lots.) 

NEGROES.  Brawley,  B:  Griffith.  A  short  his- 
tory of  the  American  negro.  N.  Y.,  Mac- 
millan. c.  16+247  p.  (sy2  p.  bibl.)  12°,  $1.25. 

NETHERLANDS  (The).  Van  Loon,  Hendrik 
Willem.  The  fall  of  the  Dutch  Republic. 
Bost,  Houghton  MifHin.  c.  12+433  p.  (9  p. 
bibl.)  pis.  pors.  8°,  $3. 

PEACE.  Andrews,  Fannie  Fern,  comp.  The 
promotion  of  peace.  Wash.,  D.  C.,  Gov.  Pr. 
Off.  72  p.  (6  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (U.  S.,  Bu.  of 
Educ.,  bull.  no.  12.)  pap. 

Hicks,    Frederick    C.,    comp.     A    selected 

list  of  books,  pamphlets  and  periodicals.  N. 
Y.,  Am.  Assn.  for  International  Conciliation. 
32  p.  12°,  pap. 

PERIODICALS.  Faxon,  F:  Winthrop,  ed.  An- 
nual magazine  subject-index  to  a  selected 
list  of  American  and  English  periodicals 
and  society  publications,  not  elsewhere  in- 
dexed; including  as  part  2  the  Dramatic 
Index  for  1912.  Bost,  Bost.  Bk.  622  p.  O. 
$7. 

Walter,  Frank  K.  Periodicals  for  the 

small  library.  Chic.,  A.  L.  A.  Pub.  Board. 
36  p.  12°,  pap. 

PERSIAN  WALNUT.  Lake,  E.  Ralph.  The  Per- 
sian walnut  industry  of  the  United  States. 
Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  112  p.  (4  p. 
bibl.)  il.  pis.  8°,  (U.  S.,  Dept.  of  Agricul- 
ture, Bu.  of  Plant  Industry,  bull.)  pap.,  20  c. 

PHILOLOGY.  Handschin,  C:  Hart.  The  teach- 
ing of  modern  languages  in  the  United 
States.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  154  p. 
(45  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (U.  S.,  Bu.  of  Education, 
bull.)  pap. 

PHILOSOPHY.  Mettrie,  Julien  Offray  de  la. 
Man  a  machine;  French-English,  including 
Frederick  the  Great's  "Eulogy"  on  La  Met- 


312 


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[May,  1913 


trie  and  extracts  from  La  Mettrie's  "The 
natural  history  of  the  soul";  philosophical 
and  historical  notes  by  Gertrude  Carman 
Bussey.  Chic.,  Open  Court,  c.  216  p.  (3  p. 
bibl.)  por.  8°,  $2. 

POETRY.  Schelling,  Felix  Emmanual.  The 
English  lyric.  Bost.,  Houghton  Mifflin.  c. 
335  P-  (17  P-  bibl.)  12°,  (Types  of  English 
literature.)  $1.50. 

PSYCHOLOGY.  Colvin,  Stephen  Sheldon,  and 
Bagley,  W:  Chandler.  Human  behavior;  a 
first  book  in  psychology  for  teachers.  N.  Y., 
Macmillan.  c.  16+336  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  figs. 
12°,  $i. 

PUBLIC  UTILITIES.  Wyer,  S.  S.  Regulation, 
valuation  and  depreciation  of  public  utilities. 
Columbus,  O.,  Sears  &  Simpson  Co.  c.  313  p. 
(34  p.  bibl.)  il.  pis.  tabs.,  diagrs.,  8°,  $5. 

SCHOOL  HYGIENE.  Bancroft,  Jessie  Hubbell. 
The  posture  of  school  children;  with  its 
home  hygiene  and  new  efficiency  methods 
for  school  training.  N.  Y.,  Macmillan.  c. 
12+327  p.  (12  p.  bibl.)  il.  pis.  8°,  $1.50. 

SCIENCE.  Williams,  H:  Smith,  and  Williams, 
E:  Huntington,  The  beginnings  of  science. 
N.  Y.,  Goodhue  Co.  7+309  P-  (9  P-  bibl.) 
pis.  pors.  diagrs.,  8°,  $2. 

• — Modern  development  of  the  chemical 

and  biological  sciences.  N.  Y.,  Goodhue 
Co.  9+306  p.  (3  p.  bibl.)  pis.  pors.  8°,  $2. 

—  Aspects  of  recent  science.  N.  Y., 
Goodhue  Co.  9+300  p.  (25  p.  bibl.)  pis. 
pors.  8°,  $2. 

SOCIOLOGY.  Ward,  E.  J.,  ed.  The  social  cen- 
ter. N.  Y.,  Appleton.  c.  10+359  P-  (7  P- 
bibl.)  (National  Municipal  League  ser.) 
$1.50. 

SPAIN  AND  PORTUGAL.  Hiersemann,  Karl  W. 
Spanien  u.  Portugal  das  Lateinische  Amer- 
ika  und  die  Philippines  Espana  y  Portugal 
la  America  Latina  y  las  Filipinas.  Leipzig. 
12°,  pap.  (No.  420;  1364  titles.) 

SYNDICALISM.  Lewis,  Arth.  D.  Syndicalism 
and  the  general  strike;  an  explanation. 
Bost.,  Small,  Maynard.  319  p.  (4%  p.  bibl.) 
8°,  $2.50. 

TRADE  UNIONS.  Brooks,  J:  Graham.  Amer- 
ican syndicalism:  the  I.  W.  W.  N.  Y., 
Macmillan.  c.  264  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  12°,  $1.50. 

Deibler,    F:    Shipp.      The    Amalgamated 

Wood  Workers'  International  Union  of 
America;  a  historical  study  of  trade  union- 
ism in  its  relation  to  the  development  of  an 
industry.  Madison,  Wis..  Univ.  of  Wis. 
237-211  p.  (8  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (Bull.  Economics 
and  Political  Science  ser.)  pap.,  40  c. 

WOMAN  SUFFRAGE.  Franklin,  Marg.  Ladd, 
camp.  The  case  for  woman  suffrage;  a  bib- 


liography;  with  an  introd.  by  M.  Carey 
Thomas.  N.  Y.,  Nat.  Am.  Woman  Suf- 
frage Assn.,  505  Fifth  Ave.  c.  315  p.  8°, 
90  c. ;  pap.,  65  c. 

University    of    North     Carolina.      High 

School  Debating  Committee,  Dialectic  and 
Philanthropic  Societies.  Selected  argu- 
ments on  woman  suffrage.  Chapel  Hill,  N. 
C,  Univ.  of  N.  C.  22  p.  O.  (Supp.  to  N.  C. 
High  Sch.  bull.)  pap.,  25  c. 


Calendar 


May  8.  N.  Y.  L.  C. 

14-15.  Okla.  L.  A.  at  Muskogee. 
15.  L.  I.  L.  C.  at  Forest  Hills. 
22-23.  Mass.   L.   C.   with   Berkshire   Co. 
and    Western    Mass.    L.    Clubs, 
Williamstown. 
(?)  Hudson  Valley  L.   C.  at  Pough- 

keepsie. 
Je.    0-14.  California  L.  A.,  Arlington  Hotel, 

Santa  Barbara. 

12-14.  Pacific  N.  W.  L.  A.,  Tacoma. 
23-28.  A.  L.  A.  annual  conference,  Hotel 
Kaaterskill,  N.  Y. 


Pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  the  Act  of  Congress  of 
August  24th,  1912 : 

THE  lylBRARY  JOURNAL. 
Editor R,  R.  BOWKER 

141  East  25th  9t  ,  New  York  City 

Managing  Editor  .        .        .        FREMONT  RIDER 
141  East  35th  St.,  New  Yovk  City 

business  Manager.       .        .       JOHN  A.  HOLDEN 

141  East  26th  St.,  New  Y»rk  City 

The  publisher  and  owner  of  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 
is  the  R.  R.  BOWKER  COMPANY,  a  corporation,  at 
141  East  25th  St.,  New  York  City,  with  these  stock- 
holders*,. * 

R.  R.  BOWKER 

A.  H.  IrfEYPOLDT 
JOHN  A.  HOLDEN 
W.  A.  STEWART 
FREMONT  RIDER 

There  are  no  bondholders,  mortgagees  or  other  secur- 
ity holders. 

Statement  to  the  above  effect  subscribed  and  sworn  t«  March  18tk, 
1913.  before  FBJLKCIS  W.  ELLIOTT,  Notary  Public,  by  JOHN  A.  HOLDBN, 
Business  Manager. 


PUBLISHER'S  NOTE.— The  office  of  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL  has  been  moved  from  298  Broadway 
to  141  East  25th  street,  two  blocks  east  of 
Madison  Square. 


FERGUSON    LIBRARY  — REAR   VIEW 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


VOL.  38 


JUNE,   1913 


No.  6 


THE  Kaaterskill  meeting  gives  increasing 
promise  of  success,  and  the  accommodations  of 
the  Hotel  Kaaterskill  and  of  the  minor  inns 
nearby  where  overflow  provision  is  made  are 
already  pretty  nearly  bespoken.  It  proves, 
somewhat  unfortunately,  that  a  Druggists' 
Association  will  hold  its  annual  meeting 
at  the  Catskill  Mountain  House,  the  other 
huge  hotel  a  short  distance  away,  during  the 
same  week,  so  that  the  traffic  accommodations 
of  the  mountain  railroads  and  the  excursion 
resources  will  be  heavily  taxed,  and  it  is  very 
important,  therefore,  that  members  expecting 
to  reach  the  conference  at  the  beginning  of 
the  week  should  promptly  notify  the  travel 
committeemen  of  their  respective  sections  as  to 
their  specific  plans,  so  that  the  railroads  may 
.be  forewarned  and  everything  possible  done  to 
handle  the  abnormal  number  of  travelers. 
Those  who  mean  to  attend  the  conference  and 
have  not  secured  reservations  should  lose  no 
time  in  notifying  the  manager  of  the  Hotel 
Kaaterskill  of  their  needs.  It  is  good  news 
that  Mr.  Jast  has  been  accredited  by  the  L.  A. 
U.  K.  as  its  official  representative  and  will 
take  part  in  the  symposium  which  will  follow 
the  presidential  address  on  Monday  evening. 

WHILE  the  resultfulness  of  a  public  library 
cannot  be  measured  in  dollars  and  cents,  but 
must  be  measured  in  the  human  equation  of 
better  and  more  useful  lives,  it  is  nevertheless 
true  that  the  taxpaying  community  will  right- 
ly enough  insist  that  there  must  be  some  rela- 
tion between  the  expenditure  and  effective- 
ness. While  it  is  impossible  to  make  any  ab- 
solute generalization,  it  is  perhaps  a  fair  stand- 
ard of  suggestion  that  the  expenditure,  includ- 
ing that  for  an  adequate  supply  of  new  books, 
runs  from  ten  to  twelve  cents  per  volume 
circulated  and  represents  a  circulation  of  three 
to  four  volumes  per  capita  of  the  community 
per  year.  This  does  not  take  into  account  ref- 
erence use,  which  is  in  many  respects  most 
vital  of  all,  and  it  ignores  also  important  fac- 
tors of  efficient  service.  But  by  and  large  it 
represents  a  certain  standard,  above  which  a 
library  is  doing  better  than  the  average  and 
below  which  it  may  be  subject  to  criticism. 
Mr.  Thompson's  paper  should  help  to  bring 
this  important  question  to  the  practical  atten- 
tion of  the  library  profession. 


THE  paper  by  George  lies,  which  he  read 
before  the  Library  School  at  Albany,  marks 
the  height  of  Mr.  lies'  ideals  and  the  culmi- 
nation of  his  efforts  towards  supplying  Amer- 
ican libraries  with  a  system  of  "evaluation" 
of  books,  to  use  his  own  favorite  word,  which 
will  give  to  librarians  the  best  means  of  in- 
forming themselves  and  their  public  as  to  the 
contents  and  comparative  worth  of  the  new 
books  which  reach  their  shelves.  The  ideal 
system  means  an  annotation  for  each  new 
book,  which  compresses  a  critical  and  com- 
parative review  of  the  book  into  the  fewest 
and  simplest  words,  and  is  put  before  libra- 
rians with  such  promptness  as  to  enable  them 
to  have  the  information  as  the  book  is  cata- 
loged and  shelf  numbered.  For  this  purpose 
the  writer  of  the  annotation  should  be  in  each 
case  one  who  has  the  knowledge  of  the  trained 
specialist,  in  stating  the  scope  and  comparatology 
of  the  book,  and  the  pen  of  the  ready  writer  to 
express  his  thought  with  a  maximum  of  clear- 
ness and  a  minimum  of  words.  Few  reviewers 
of  this  combination  exist,  and  it  is  extremely 
difficult  to  get  them  promptly  at  work.  In 
fact,  the  dilemma  of  obtaining  such  an  annota- 
tion and  presenting  it  with  promptness  is  al- 
most unsolvable,  and  usually  the  notice  either 
has  to  be  made  by  a  general  hand,  instead  of  a 
specialist  or  else  be  so  belated  as  to  lose  half 
its  value.  The  solution  is  in  obtaining  from 
publishers  advance  copies  of  books  for  this 
purpose,  but  the  fact  that  many  books  are 
rushed  to  the  market  as  soon  as  the  print- 
ing is  completed,  has  made  this  extremely 
difficult  of  realization.  In  providing  the  A.  L. 
A.  with  great  generosity,  with  evaluation  bib- 
liographies in  several  fields,  Mr.  lies  has 
shown  what  may  and  can  be  done  as  to  books 
of  the  past,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  his 
scheme  for  books  of  the  present  and  the  fu- 
ture may  have  ultimate  accomplishment. 

AT  the  annual  convention  in  New  York  of 
the  American  Booksellers'  Association  much 
attention  was  given  to  the  relations  of  book- 
stores and  libraries,  to  the  use  of  the  local 
bookstore  as  the  library  purchasing  agency, 
and  to  the  question  of  prices  involved  in  the 
cheap  "rebinds,"  so-called.  These  portions  of 
the  proceedings  are  summarized  in  this  issue, 
and  the  full  proceedings  are  given  in  the  Pub- 


314 


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[June,  1913 


Ushers'  Weekly  of  May  17.  Mr.  Bowerman's 
paper,  which  we  print  in  full,  was  especially 
well  received,  and  should  do  much  to  promote 
harmony  between  the  two  great  distributing 
agencies  for  books.  Unfortunately  the  commit- 
tees of  the  librarians  and  the  booksellers,  which 
were  to  bring  about  a  modus  Vivendi,  did  not 
establish  harmony,  and  the  report  of  progress, 
or  the  lack  o£  it,  is  not  made  part  of  the  pro- 
ceedings. This  is  indeed  much  to  be  regretted, 
for  both  should  have  a  common  aim,  though 
through  different  methods,  and  there  should 
be  no  hostility  where  there  is  common  aim. 
The  librarians  have  fairly  the  right,  as  large 
purchasers  of  books,  to  get  the  most  for  their 
money.  This  is  indeed  their  duty  to  the  tax- 
payers or  others  who  support  the  library.  On 
the  other  hand,  it  is  real  value  with  which 
they  must  be  concerned  and  not  nominal 
prices.  In  the  discussion  of  such  questions 
there  should  be  openness  and  conciliation, 
and  the  end  should  be  that  the.  bookstore 
should  sell  more  books  because  of  the  library, 
and  the  library  should  do  its  part  to  support 
the  bookstore.  The  two  are  natural  allies  and 
should  treat  each  other  with  corresponding 

respect  and  good  will. 

THE  plan  of  a  forty-hour  week,  which  was 
inaugurated  at  the  New  York  Public  Library, 
has  now  had  a  month's  test  in  the  Brooklyn 
Public  Library  system,  with  such  results  that 
the  trustees  have  given  full  approval  to  its 
permanent  adoption.  The  plan  should  mean 
increased  efficiency  in  the  working  week,  es- 
pecially if  library  women  will  give  to  their 
health  that  care  which  the  new  plan  is  intended 
to  stimulate.  Every  trustee  of  a  large  library 
system  knows  only  too  well  the  undue  propor- 
tion of  sick  leaves  and  breakdowns  on  the 
library  staff,  and  a  good  thing  has  been  done 
in  Brooklyn,  in  presenting  to  the  staff  a  series 
of  lectures  or  talks  upon  health  efficiency, 
which  are  summarized  elsewhere  in  this  issue. 
It  is  too  commonly  the  notion  that  conscien- 
tious devotion  to  one's  task  in  the  earning  of 
a  salary  means  stretching  the  nervous  system 
to  the  utmost  it  will  stand;  but  in  truth,  con- 
scientious as  this  course  may  be,  nothing  could 
be  more  unwise  and  futile.  Americans,  and 
especially  American  women,  are  keyed  up  to  a 
high  pitch  in  their  daily  work,  and  some  of 
them  accomplish  less  than  the  good  old- 
fashioned  German  type,  which  plods  along 
slowly  but  surely  and  in  a  given  number  of 
hours  or  weeks  or  years,  accomplishes  after 
all  more  than  by  the  American  high  pressure 


method.  "Health  first"  might  well  be  written 
over  the  staff  room  of  every  library.  The 
value  of  the  forty-hour  week  will  be  lost  un- 
less this  is  remembered  by  those  who  are  to 
enjoy  its  advantages. 

IT  is  sadly  often  that  the  greatness  of  a  man 
is  not  fully  appreciated  during  his  lifetime,  and 
that  it  is  only  death  which  brings  entire  real- 
ization of  the  elements  of  greatness  in  his  life 
and  work.  The  task  which  Dr.  Billings 
achieved,  in  shaping  the  diverse  library  ele- 
ments in  New  York  within  twenty  years  into 
a  unified  system  which  gave  the  metropolis 
what  it  should  have,  the  foremost  library  sys- 
tem in  the  world,  has  been  equalled  by  only 
one  library  achievement  in  America,  that  ac- 
complished by  Dr.  Herbert  Putnam,  in  making 
the  National  Library  what  it  is  to-day.  This 
was  indeed  realized  by  the  library  profession, 
but  it  was  not  until  those  who  knew  him  best, 
from  the  several  sides  of  his  versatile  charac- 
ter, came  to  put  together  at  the  memorial 
meeting  their  pieces  of  mosaic,  that  the  full 
pattern  of  his  life  became  really  known.  For 
instance,  that  extreme  penury  through  which 
he  struggled  in  his  years  of  preparation,  and 
which  possibly  laid  the  foundations  for  those 
physical  ailments  against  which  he  struggled 
and  over  which  he  triumphed  in  his  later  years 
of  achievement,  were  known  to  very  few,  yet 
how  much  they  mean  in  the  making  of  the 
largeness  of  the  man,  these  and  the  later  strug- 
gles as  well.  It  is  fitting  that  such  a  memorial 
meeting  should  have  been  held,  as  an  inspira- 
tion and  incentive  to  other  men  and  women  in 
the  library  profession  and  in  all  callings,  and 
the  full  proceedings,  of  which  we  give  the 
library  portion,  will  be  printed  by  the  trus- 
tees of  the  New  York  Public  Library,  and 
should  be  treasured  by  every  public  library  in 
the  country.  For  years  past  Mr.  Edwin  A. 
Anderson  has  been  at  the  right  hand  of  Dr. 
Billings,  and  has  been  inspired  by  his  ideals  and 
aim,  and  now,  as  planned  from  the  beginning 
of  his  appointment,  comes  to  the  succession 
with  the  full  training  of  the  professional  school 
and  with  the  wide  experience  as  public  libra- 
rian at  Pittsburgh  and  state  librarian  at  Al- 
bany; and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  when  the  end 
shall  crown  the  work  for  him,  many  years 
hence,  his  life  record  will  prove  worthy  of 
comparison  with  the  great  man  who  has  gone, 
and  who  came  to  his  work  without  those  ad- 
vantages of  professional  training  which  later 
librarians  enjoy. 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


315 


THE  DIVIDEND   PAYING  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 
BY  C.  SEYMOUR  THOMPSON,  District  of  Columbia  Public  Library 


To  a  considerable  extent  methods  and  prin- 
ciples in  library  advertising  must  conform  with 
existing  needs  and  conditions.  Any  discussion 
of  the  subject  must  therefore  recognize  the 
fact  that  few  definite  rules  can  be  laid  down. 
The  method  which  is  best  under  some  condi- 
tions may  in  other  circumstances  be  either  un- 
necessary or  ineffective,  and  the  experiences 
of  other  libraries  can  therefore  serve  only  as 
a  suggestive  aid  and  not  as  a  pattern.  For 
^this  reason  if  publicity  work  is  to  be  carried 
on  systematically  and  widely  it  should  be  based 
not  only  on  study  of  concrete  methods,  but 
on  careful  study  and  analysis  of  the  general 
principles  of  commercial  advertising. 

Mr.  James  C.  Moffet  says  (Printers'  Ink, 
Nov.  2,  1911)  :  "The  trouble  with  libraries  lies 
right  here.  They  don't  pay.  .  .  .  Everyone  who 
knows  anything  about  libraries  understands 
how  far  all  of  them  fall  short  of  being  on  a 
dividend-paying  basis."  Under  the  right  con- 
ditions, he  proceeds,  "no  business  concern  in 
the  country  could  be  made  to  pay  bigger  divi- 
dends." At  first  thought  such  statements  seem 
absurd.  The  public  library  is  organized  for 
service,  not  for  financial  gain.  It  is  not  pri- 
marily a  business  institution,  and  therefore  can- 
not be  expected  to  "pay  dividends."  But  if 
we  make  this  reply  we  are  slower  than  our 
critics  in  realizing  that  dividends  are  not  neces- 
sarily reckoned  in  terms  of  money.  Prof. 
Paul  H.  Neystrom  (Public  Libraries,  May, 
1912)  makes  the  same  criticism,  and  shows 
clearly  that  "to  make  the  library  profitable 
from  the  same  (a  business)  standpoint,  it  must 
yield  services"  above  a  certain  amount.  I 
have  italicized  the  four  words  which  explain 
what  is  meant  by  a  dividend-paying  public  li- 
brary. The  efficiency  of  the  library  is  meas- 
ured by  the  services  which  it  renders ;  the 
community  is  justified  in  demanding  full  re- 
turns on  its  financial  investment,  and  it  is  the 
duty  of  the  library  to  pay  the  only  dividend 
which  it  can — a  dividend  of  increased  efficiency 
of  the  community. 

How  much  easier  the  performance  of  this 
duty  would  be  if  our  stockholders,  the  com- 
munity, were  as  eager  to  receive  dividends  as 
the  libraries  are  to  pay  them.  In  an  editorial 
long  since  forgiven,  but  not  forgotten,  our 


good  friend  the  Independent-  (v.  58,  p.  1374) 
some  years  ago  started  the  ball  of  criticism 
rolling.  It  assumed  that  only  the  ignorance 
or  the  indifference  of  librarians  prevented  our 
reading-rooms  from  being  crowded  by  me- 
chanics and  artisans,  hungry  for  practical, 
money-begetting  knowledge.  More  recently 
Mr.  William  Arthur  (Contractors'  and  build- 
ers' handbook,  1911,  p.  339-341)  based  a  rather 
severe  criticism  on  the  same  assumption.  Un- 
fortunately it  is  an  exceptional  community 
where  the  ignorant  are  as  eager  for  knowledge 
as  the  library  is  to  make  it  accessible,  where 
the  public  in  general  is  as  eager  to  profit  by 
the  library  as  the  library  is  to  serve  it.  Where 
such  happy  conditions  do  not  prevail  it  is  only 
by  much  advertising  that  the  library  can  pay 
a  just  dividend  of  increased  efficiency.  To 
enable  it  to  pay  this  dividend  should  be  the 
main  purpose  of  our  advertising. 

In  library  practice  the  terms  "publicity  work" 
and  "advertising"  are  generally  used  inter- 
changeably, with  preference  given  to  the  more 
conservative,  less  commercial-sounding  term. 
But  the  verb  "advertise"  means  far  more  than 
is  expressed  by  the  dictionary's  definition,  "to 
give  notice  or  information,  to  announce  pub- 
licly." In  practically  every  community  there 
are  three  classes  of  potential  readers:  those 
who  do  not  know  that  there  is  a  public  library 
or  do  not  understand  what  it  offers  them; 
those  who  may  appreciate  the  library  in  theory, 
but  through  indolence  or  indifference  do  not 
try  to  profit  by  it ;  and  those  who  do  not  be- 
lieve in  "book-learning,"  but  look  with  con- 
tempt or  dislike  on  all  libraries  and  their 
books,  refusing  to  believe  that  there  is  any- 
thing here  that  can  be  of  use  to  them.  Ob- 
viously, for  successful  appeals  to  these  differ- 
ent classes  a  variety  of  methods  are  required, 
and  where  ordinary  publicity  work  has  failed 
more  forceful  forms  of  advertising  may  suc- 
ceed. To  transform  into  actual  readers  the 
potential  readers  of  the  first  class  we  must  in- 
form them;  to  win  those  of  the  second  class 
we  must  persuade  them ;  to  convert  the  unwill- 
ing members  of  the  third  group  we  must  exer- 
cise persuasion  amounting  as  near  as  may  be 
to  compulsion. 

I  would  not  underestimate  the  value  of  pub- 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


licity  through  the  press — the  cheapest  and 
easiest  channel  of  communication  with  the 
public,  and  on  the  whole  a  most  effective 
channel  to  a  certain  extent.  But  the  value  of 
this  important  agency,  unless  we  purchase 
space  in  the  advertising  columns,  may  be  over- 
estimated through  failure  to  recognize  two 
limitations  upon  its  power.  Communications  to 
the  public  through  the  press  cannot  carry  the 
direct  personal  appeal  which  so  often  is  essen- 
tial, and  they  are  necessarily  too  diversified  to 
carry  the  same  message  to  the  same  people 
with  the  frequency  and  the  persistence  which 
are  sometimes  needed.  They  receive  most  at- 
tention from  people  who  already  know  and 
appreciate  the  library.  If  of  the  right  kind 
they  reach  also  many  others  who  have  not 
formerly  used  the  library,  but  these,  as  a  rule, 
are  the  people  who  know  the  value  of  books 
and  need  only  a  reminder  now  and  then  to 
bring  them  to  the  registration  desk.  Ordin- 
arily the  unread  and  non-reading  classes — the 
classes  whom  the  public  library  militant  is 
most  eager  to  reach — will  pay  little  or  no 
attention  to  library  news  items  or  book  lists 
in  the  papers.  There  are  exceptions;  but  the 
plumber  who  instinctively  leaves  his  work  and 
rushes  to  the  public  library  to  solve  a  difficult 
problem  is  an  exception  and  not  the  rule;  the 
butcher  whom  a  paragraph  in  the  evening 
paper  will  send  in  quest  of  culture,  away  from 
family  and  friends,  from  pipe  and  pinochle — 
even  he  is  an  exception  and  not  the  rule. 

For  some  months  past  we  have  been  making 
an  effort  in  Washington  to  reach  as  many  as 
possible  of  the  persistent  non-readers.  For 
several  years  publicity  work  had  been  carried 
on  extensively  and  constantly,  in  many  ways. 
In  addition  to  the  monthly  bulletin  of  new  ac- 
cessions, first  printed  in  weekly  instalments  in 
an  evening  newspaper,  and  the  monthly  edu- 
cational bulletin,  multigraphed  and  distributed 
among  the  public  schools,  we  had  issued  sev- 
eral printed  book  lists  and  a  great  many  mul- 
tigraphed lists.  These  we  had  distributed 
widely,  both  at  the  library  and  by  mail.  We 
had  mailed  hundreds  of  circular  letters  to 
carefully  selected  addresses,  had  utilized  the 
pay  envelopes  of  large  firms,  had  contributed 
frequent  news  items  and  lists  to  the  daily 
papers  and  to  the  local  organ  of  the  trade 
unions.  Representatives  had  addressed  the 
teachers,  the  school  children,  the  parents'  asso- 
ciations, and  the  labor  unions.  In  short,  it 


had  been  the  systematic  policy  of  the  library 
to  seize  every  opportunity  to  call  public  atten- 
tion to  its  work  and  to  increase  its  usefulness. 
Good  results  had  been  obtained  by  all  these 
methods,  but  the  results  were  naturally  not  so 
good  but  that  better  were  always  desired. 
Analysis  showed  that  although  our  efforts  had 
been  effective  and  had  sufficed  for  our  pur- 
poses in  the  past,  they  had  not  been  sufficiently 
concentrated  and  continuous,  and  had  not  been 
personal  enough  in  their  appeal  to  bring  the 
results  we  now  wished. 

A  circular  letter,  accompanied  by  a  list  of 
books  on  carpentry,  for  example,  would  get 
some  results,  but  most  of  these  letters  and 
lists  would  be  lost  or  destroyed,  and  before 
We  renewed  the  appeal  the  recipients  would 
forget  that  the  public  library  existed.  We 
desired  not  only  to  make  the  library  known, 
but  to  make  it  known  so  persistently  and  so 
persuasively  that  even  the  indolent,  the  doubt- 
ing, and  the  unwilling  would  eventually  re- 
spond. To  impress  upon  these  classes  that 
there  is  a  free  public  library;  to  convince  them 
that  it  is  an  institution  which  offers  them  some- 
thing of  value;  to  arouse  the  desire  to  accept 
its  services,  and  to  bring  them  to  the  library 
before  this  desire  dies — all  this  cannot  be  ac- 
complished by  one  appeal,  whatever  the  form 
may  be  or  however  persuasive  the  argument. 
We  had  "kept  everlastingly  at  it,"  but  we  had 
not  kept  everlastingly  at  the  same  people.  We 
needed  more  system,  more  persuasiveness,  more 
continuity  and  more  persistence. 

To  meet  these  needs  we  determined  upon  a 
carefully  planned  campaign,  to  be  directed  at 
as  many  representatives  as  possible  of  some 
of  the  most  important  trades.  Carefully  es- 
timating the  amount  of  work  we  could  afford 
to  undertake,  we  compiled  mailing  lists  con- 
taining in  all  over  500  names  of  plumbers, 
painters,  and  carpenters.  To  all  these  men 
we  planned  to  send  some  communication  once 
a  month.  A  certain  day  of  the  month  was 
fixed  as  the  approximate  mailing  date  for  each 
trade.  The  campaign  was  to  continue,  if  pos- 
sible, eight  or  nine  months.  These  features 
provided  for  system,  persistence,  and  contin- 
uity of  effort,  and  it  remained  only  to  inject 
enough  persuasiveness  to  produce  the  desired 
results.  With  this  purpose  we  planned  to  let 
the  monthly  communications  depart,  so  far  as 
possible,  from  the  conventional  circular  and 
book  list,  striving  to  make  them  sufficiently 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


317 


original  and  unusual  to  have  novelty,  and 
forceful  enough  to  be  first  interesting  and  then 
persuasive. 

In  passing  I  wish  to  emphasize  the  import- 
ance in  all  advertising  of  neatness  and  attrac- 
tiveness of  form.  This  is  a  feature  which  is 
too  often  slighted,  not  only  by  libraries  but  by 
commercial  houses,  and  even  by  some  alleged 
instructors  in  the  science  of  advertising  and 
salesmanship.  Many  if  not  most  recipients  of 
advertising  matter  will  not  recognize  the  merits 
of  attractive  material,  nor  will  they  consciously 
condemn  another  appeal  because  of  typograph- 
ical errors,  lack  of  neatness,  or  poor  arrange- 
ment. But  the  difference  in  effect  is  none  the 
less,  even  though  it  may  not  be  consciously 
recognized.  The  same  principle  holds  whether 
one  is  selling  merchandise  or  advocating  in- 
creased use  of  the  library.  Between  good  copy 
poorly  presented  and  poor  copy  well  presented 
there  is  less  than  is  often  supposed  in  favor  of 
the  former. 

In  the  campaign  just  mentioned  book  lists 
formed  a  very  small  part  of  the  material  sent 
out,  which  consisted  chiefly  of  brief  letters  or 
announcements,  appealing)  to  the  desire  for  in- 
creased efficiency — the  only  motive  from  which 
we  could  hope  for  results.  We  tried  to  make 
them  all  as  direct  and  personal  as  possible,  and 
to  this  element  was  chiefly  due  the  success  of 
the  two  forms  described  below,  to  which  more 
results  could  be  traced  than  to  any  others. 

On  a  3  x  5  card  was  multigi  aphed  an  invita- 
tion to  "Present  this  card"  at  the  Industrial 
Department  of  the  Public  Library,  adding  that 
the  men  in  charge  of  the  room  would  be  glad 
to  do  all  they  could  to  be  of  help.  Not  a  few 
of  these  cards  were  duly  presented,  and  in 
every  case  the  holder  (and  newly-registered 
borrower)  expressed  gratification  at  having  re- 
ceived the  card,  which  had  been  taken  by 
many  as  a  personal  invitation,  if  not  actually 
as  a  ticket  of  admission.  Furthermore,  the 
presentation  of  these  cards  notified  the  attend- 
ant that  his  best  services  were  to  be  given  to 
getting  for  the  men  what  they  wanted,  for  in- 
structions had  been  given  that  no  possible  ef- 
fort should  be  spared  to  "make  good"  on  our 
promise  of  help. 

A  second  form,  very  nearly  as  productive  of 
results,  was  a  multigraphed  card,  accompany- 
ing a  list  of  "Twelve  good  books"  on  plumbing 
or  carpentry  or  painting,  and  reading  as  fol- 
lows: 


WOULDN'T  IT  BE  A  GOOD  THING 

To  know  all  that  the  very  best  experts  have 

written  -about  your  trade  ? 
To  know  all  the  newest  devices  and  methods 

that  are  being  tried  all  the  time? 
To  be  alert,  progressive,  and  always  up  to  date? 

YOU   CAN    DO   IT 

If  you  read  one  good  book  and  a  few  magazine 
articles  every  month. 

Have  the  results  of  all  these  efforts  been 
sufficient  to  justify  the  large  amount  of  time 
and  the  small  amount  of  money  they  have 
cost?  Unquestionably,  we  think,  they  have, 
even  though  notwithstanding  our  careful  pre- 
liminary estimate  it  has  not  been  possible  to 
continue  the  work  as  long  or  to  adhere  to  our 
schedule  as  closely  as  we  had  planned.  Under 
the  most  favorable  conditions,  a  very  high  per- 
centage of  returns  from  work  of  this  nature  is 
not  to  be  expected,  but  (remembering  the  divi- 
dend of  efficiency)  even  a  low  percentage  of 
results  will  justify  a  large  amount  of  work. 
The  results  from  our  experimental  efforts  this 
year  have  encouraged  us  to  plan  for  next  year 
a  continuation  of  similar  work  on  a  larger 
scale,  with  more  system,  more  continuity,  and 
more  persistence. 

In  all  work  of  this  kind  the  element  of  per- 
sistence plays  a  most  important  part;  not 
merely  persistence  in  keeping  at  it,  but  persist- 
ence in  keeping  at  the  same  people.  This  has 
been  shown  in  several  ways,  both  in  the  cam- 
paign of  which  I  have  just  spoken  and  in  a 
similar  campaign  among  the  employes  of  sev- 
eral large  department  stores,  where  for  some 
months  circulars  and  book  lists  have  been  dis- 
tributed every  two  weeks  in  the  pay  envelopes. 
It  may  be  objected  that  such  efforts  come  too 
close  to  what  has  been  called  "teasing  reluc- 
tant men  to  confer  a  favor  upon  the  library  by 
contributing  to  its  statistics  of  attendance." 
Teasing  it  may  be,  in  a  certain  sense.  One  of 
the  most  encouraging  features  of  our  recent 
work  was  the  appearance  one  morning  of  a 
plumber  who  had  been  teased  so  persistently 
that  he  finally  came  to  the  library,  with  dis- 
belief and  challenge  plainly  apparent  in  his 
words  and  his.  manner,  threw  down  the  latest 
teaser,  and  said.  "I  want  to  see  what  you've 
got."  It  was  evident  that  he  had  come  re- 
luctantly and  with  no  expectation  of  finding  the 
promised  help.  But  after  twenty  minutes  at 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


the  plumbing  shelves  his  manner  had  changed, 
he  registered  as  a  borrower,  and  took  with  him 
two  books — and  we  were  glad  we  had  teased 
him.  If  such  methods  are  adopted  with  no 
other  purpose  than  to  increase  circulation  they 
are  not  justifiable,  for  this  purpose  can  be 
more  quickly  and  easily  achieved  in  other 
ways,  and  a  scheme  devised  with  nothing  in 
mind  but  increase  of  circulation  is  not  likely 
to  produce  many  results  beyond  the  tables  of 
statistics.  For  purposes  of  efficient  advertising 
it  is  desirable  to  forget,  so  far  as  possible,  the 
necessary  evil  of  statistics  and  to  keep  con- 
stantly in  mind  the  payment  of  our  dividend. 

It  is  important  to  find  some  way  of  keeping 
in  touch  with  borrowers,  especially  those  who 
have  been  gained  only  by  the  most  persistent 
efforts,  lest  their  interest  may  wane  and  die 
out.  Probably  the  most  effective  way  of  doing 
this  is  the  plan  which  many  libraries  are  fol- 
lowing of  mailing  post-card  notices  of  new 
books  or  important  magazine  articles  to  people 
known  to  be  interested  in  certain  subjects.  To 
secure  as  large  a  mailing  list  as  possible  for 
this  purpose  we  have  adopted  a  printed  slip, 
which  has  served  also  as  an  excellent  adver- 
tising medium  where  it  was  not  possible  to 
follow  up  our  first  efforts.  On  one  side,  under 
the  caption  "Keep  up  to  date,"  this  slip  con- 
tains a  very  brief  appeal  for  increase  of  effi- 
ciency, with  an  offer  of  help  in  keeping  up  to 
date  on  any  subjects  which  may  be  named  on 
the  reverse  side,  where  space  is  given  for  this 
purpose.  We  have  found  it  necessary  to  go 
very  slowly  in  the  distribution  of  these  slips, 
for  at  one  time  we  were  in  danger  of  being 
swamped  by  requests  from  people  wishing  to 
be  kept  up  to  date  on  a  great  variety  of  sub- 
jects. 

In  order  to  strengthen  the  important  per- 
sonal element  in  this  work,  we  have  acknowl- 
edged every  request  by  a  personal  letter.  For 
this  purpose,  after  a  little  experimenting  we 
drew  up  seven  form  paragraphs,  to  be  used  in 
various  combinations,  with  the  insertion  of  the 
proper  subjects.  This  effects  a  great  saving  of 
time  for  the  stenographers  and  requires  prac- 
tically no  time  for  dictation.  If  the  person 
making  the  request  is  already  a  borrower  we 
enclose  an  application  blank,  with  brief  direc- 
tions concerning  registration.  The  letter  is 
accompanied  by  a  list  of  the  best  books  con- 
tained in  the  library  on  the  specified  subjects, 
and  a  personal  interview  is  invited. 


The  appreciative  letters  received  from  sev- 
eral people  are  sufficient  to  dispel  any  pos- 
sible doubt  concerning  the  value  of  this  work. 
One  of  the  most  encouraging  results  was  a 
letter  from  a  clerk  in  the  governmental  service, 
asking  if  we  could  not  suggest  good  reading 
courses  to  supplement  the  education  of  people 
who,  like  himself,  had  been  obliged  to  leave 
school  at  an  early  age.  In  response  to  this 
letter  we  made  an  experimental  offer  of  help 
of  this  kind  to  the  employes  of  the  office  from 
which  the  request  came.  The  reading-course 
project  is  something  which  hitherto  we  have 
not  felt  able  to  undertake,  but  under  the  stim- 
ulus of  this  suggestion  from  without  and  the 
slight  results  which  followed  we  hope  to  make 
a  definite,  extensive  effort  along  this  line  in  the 
near  future.  One  other  result  of  the  "Keep 
up  to  date"  offer  is  worth  mentioning.  The 
president  of  the  largest  department  store  in 
Washington,  one  of  the  foremost  business  men 
of  the  city,  has  requested  the  library  to  prepare 
a  comprehensive  list  of  books  especially  im- 
portant for  those  engaged  in  mercantile  life, 
and  has  voluntarily  offered  to  have  the  list 
printed,  at  the  expense  of  the  firm,  for  dis- 
tribution among  his  employes. 

There  are  of  course  many  other  methods  of 
increasing  the  efficiency  of  the  community, 
just  as  effective  as  those  I  have  mentioned.  I 
have  tried  only  to  describe  a  few  which  we 
have  found  effective  under  certain  conditions 
for  certain  purposes.  Before  closing  I  wish  to 
say  a  few  words  addressed  principally  to  our 
critics,  especially  those  few  who  offer  con- 
structive criticism  as  well  as  rebukes.  Mr.  J. 
George  Frederick  makes  the  statement  (Print- 
ers' Ink,  April  18,  1912)  that  "an  intelligent 
and  thoughtful  series  of  advertisements,  writ- 
ten in  language  that  will  reach  the  right  kind 
of  people,  can  treble  the  use  of  public  libraries 
in  any  city  of  the  United  States  within  one 
year."  He  is  advocating,  of  course,  paid  ad- 
vertising, especially  in  the  newspapers.  If 
conditions  demand  it,  and  if  the  library  can 
afford  it,  it  is  difficult  to  assign  any  reason 
why  libraries  should  not  pay  for  space  in  the 
papers  and  in  the  street  cars.  But  Mr.  Fred- 
erick and  others  who  have  written  to  similar 
effect  apparently  do  not  understand  the  finan- 
cial circumstances  of  most  public  libraries.  If 
any  appropriating  body  ever  becomes  brave 
enough  and  wise  enough  to  grant  the  public 
library  sufficient  money  for  such  a  campaign, 


June,  1913] 


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319 


and  also  for  the  increased  pay-roll,  the  in- 
creased book  purchases  and  the  other  expenses 
which  would  result  from  a  doubled  or  trebled 
use  of  the  library,  I  have  little  doubt  but  that 
Mr.  Frederick's  statement  will  be  proved  near- 
ly if  not  quite  correct.  But  if  the  gr-eatly  in- 
creased appropriation  which  is  a  sine  qua  non 
for  an  increase  of  100  per  cent,  cannot  be  ob- 
tained until  the  library  has  shown,  in  twelve 
months,  the  100  per  cent,  increase,  the  test 
cannot  easily  be  made.  If  the  irresistible  force 
ever  meets  the  immovable  body  it  will  have  a 
better  chance  of  success  than  the  library  has 
to  show  TOO  or  200  per  cent,  increases  on  per- 
haps 5  per  cent,  increases  in  appropriations. 

On  this  subject  of  advertising  there  are, 
perhaps,  only  two  statements  which  can  be 
made  which  will  be  applicable  to  all  libraries 
under  all  conditions:  The  fundamental  pur- 
pose of  all  advertising  should  be  to  increase 
the  efficiency  of  the  community^  to  accomplish 
this  purpose  the  library  must  itself  be  highly 
efficient.  Mr.  Lorin  F.  Deland  in  his  "Imag- 
ination in  business"  (p.  86)  tells  of  a  retail 
storekeeper  who  came  to  him  for  advice.  The 


advice  was  given  as  follows:  "What  possible 
reason  is  there  why  persons  should  pass  all  these 
otheir  stores  and  come  to  your  store  to  buy? 
Again  and  again  you  must  ask  yourself,  'Why 
in  the  world  should  these  people  pass  four 
other  stores  and  come  bang  into  this  one?'" 
The  important  test  for  the  library  to  meet  is 
this:  "Is  the  library  itself  efficient  enough  to 
increase  the  efficiency  of  the  community?"  I 
know  of  no  better  way  to  apply  this  test  than 
to  take  unto  ourselves  Mr.  Deland's  advice. 
"What  possible  reason  is  there  why  people 
should  come  to  the  library?  What  have 
we  here  which  will  increase  their  efficiency? 
If  that  person  who  passes  every  clay  and  never 
enters  should  some  day  come  in  for  informa- 
tion on  the  subject  of  most  vital  interest  to 
him,  can  we  give  him  something  which  will 
pay  him  for  having  come?"  If  these  questions 
are  frequently  asked  and  answered  after  most 
careful,  conscientious  examination  into  the  effi- 
ciency of  our  resources  and  methods  of  mak- 
ing them  available,  the  community  will  be 
pretty  sure  to  receive  the  dividend  which  it 
deserves. 


A  BUREAU  OF  REVIEW* 
BY  GEORGE  ILES 


LAST  year  the  Publishers'  Weekly  recorded 
10,135  new  American  publications.  Let  us  sup- 
pose that  5000,  about  one-half  of  them,  found 
their  way  into  the  buying  lists  of  public  libra- 
ries. To  these  might  be  added  as  many  more 
worthwhile  books  of  foreign  issue,  so  that  in 
round  numbers  there  was  a  total  accession  of 
10,000  works  to  our  literature  during  1912. 
For  each  of  these  10,000  books,  a  novel  or  a 
play,  a  treatise  on  electric  lighting,  on  voca- 
tional guidance,  or  aught  else,  there  was  at 
least  one  competent  judge  available  by  the 
American  Library  Association,  for  an  enlight- 
ening note  of  such  compass  and  kind  as  it 
might  prescribe,  heightened  in  worth  by  de- 
livery with  the  utmost  possible  dispatch.  Such 
notes,  of  the  highest  quality,  by  a  staff  judic- 
iously enrolled  and  directed,  would  add  so 
much  to  the  effectiveness  of  our  libraries,  in- 
crease so  greatly  the  working  value  of  our  lit- 
erature, as  to  be  well  worth  its  cost,  whatever 

*  An  address  to  the  New  York  State  Library  School, 
Albany,  April  18,  1913. 


that  cost  might  be.  To-day  many  competent 
judges  of  books  are  contributing  reviews  in  an 
unsystematic  way  to  newspapers  and  maga- 
zines; and  many  other  judges,  of  equal  capac- 
ity, have  no  opportunity  whatever  to  place 
their  critical  knowledge  at  the  service  of  the 
public.  Let  these  men  and  women  be  organ- 
ized as  a  comprehensive  bench  of  judiciary. 
Let  their  services  be  specifically  adapted  to  the 
needs  of  librarians  and  their  constituencies. 
Let  their  work  be  executed  with  all  prompti- 
tude. Then  will  the  trusteeship  of  literature 
which  rests  in  the  hands  of  your  guild  enter 
upon  new  and  golden  harvests. 

These  lantern-bearers  would  first  of  all  shed 
light  as  librarians  perform  that  arduous  task, 
the  selection  of  purchases.  The  earlier  the 
notes  were  issued,  the  more  help  would  they 
render  at  this  point.  Next,  these  notes  would 
aid  students  and  readers  in  choosing  among  the 
scores  of  works  competing  for  their  attention 
in  every  walk  of  learning,  however  small.  For 
a  thoroughgoing  Bureau  of  Review,  the  corner- 


320 


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[June,  1913 


stone  was  laid  in  1905,  when  the  American  Li- 
brary Association  established  its  Booklist,  now 
offering  about  1500  titles  a  year,  each  with  a 
useful  note;  its  issues  appearing  ten  months  in 
every  twelve.  In  a  Bureau  of  Review  to  go  full 
circle,  the  initial  task,  of  course,  would  be  to 
learn  through  publishers'  announcements,  and 
other  sources,  what  issues  were  forthcoming 
at  home  and  abroad.  From,  these,  according  to 
the  rules  of  approved  practice,  worthwhile 
books  would  be  picked  out.  Avoiding  the  de- 
lay of  a  single  hour,  copies  would  then  go  to 
reviewers,  whose  notes,  written  with  the  ut- 
most celerity  consistent  with  sound  work, 
would  be  printed  and  distributed  day  by  day. 

As  to  a  quickening  of  pace  in  sending  books 
to  reviewers,  a  word  may  tie  said.  A  work 
which  is  to  include  elaborate  pictures,  or  maps, 
may  have  its  letterpress  complete  several  weeks 
before  the  binders  finish  their  task.  This  may 
enable  a  reviewer  to  bring!  out  his  note  at  the 
same  time  that  the  book  itself  appears.  Or,  a 
serious  work  may  be  ready  for  issue  in  mid- 
December,  and  be  withheld  from  the  market 
until  after  the  Christmas  holidays.  In  every 
such  case  of  being  a  little  ahead  of  the  season, 
there  will  open  a  door  for  promptitude  of  re- 
view. When  the  publishing  fraternity  see  how 
helpful  an  ally  they  have  in  this  Bureau  of 
Review,  we  may  expect  them  to  give  express 
speed  to  their  books  for  examination. 

As  to  the  men  and  women  who  are  to  sit  as 
our  bench  of  judges,  how  are  they  to  be  ap- 
pointed? That  difficult  and  delicate  task  can- 
not proceed  otherwise  than  slowly  and  warily 
as  our  chieftains  take  counsel  together,  as  they 
confer  with  friends  in  charge  of  leading  jour- 
nals and  magazines,  with  other  friends  in  the 
principal  schools,  colleges  and  universities  of 
America.  Fourteen  years  ago  Mr.  J.  N. 
Larned,  of  Buffalo,  was  engaging  contributors 
for  his  monumental  bibliography,  "The  litera- 
ture of  American  history."  On  his  behalf  I 
called  on  the  late  Mr.  W.  P.  Garrison,  editor 
of  the  Nation,  who  named  several  critics  on 
his  staff  who  duly  joined  hands  with  Mr. 
Larned.  I  am  certain  that  other  editors,  as 
eminent  as  Mr.  Garrison,  stand  ready  to  ex- 
tend aid  as  cordial,  the  moment  we  call  upon 
them.  Before  we  begin  a  round  of  visits  we 
should  compare  the  verdicts  presented  in  the 
Book  Review  Digest,  endeavoring  to  enlist  the 
best  talent  there  in  evidence.  At  the  outset 
we  will,  of  course,  bear  in  mind  that  we  have 


a  capital  nucleus  for  our  Bureau  in  the  staff 
already  at  work  for  the  A.  L.  A.  Booklist.  As 
recruiting  sergeants  we  will  have  most  success 
in  the  class-rooms  and  studios,  the  laboratories 
and  workshops,  where  books  are  brought  to 
their  severest  tests,  to  their  fullest  use,  and 
where  indeed  many  books  of  the  highest  merit 
are  born. 

A  New  York  publisher  once  needed  a  col- 
lege algebra  in  his  series  of  text-books.  He 
waited  accordingly  upon  that  famous  mathe- 
matical teacher,  Dean  Henry  Burchard  Fine, 
of  Princeton  University.  Dean  Fine  agreed  to 
write  the  book,  provided  that  he  might  revise 
and  re-revise  its  pages  as  long  as  improve- 
ment seemed  possible.  His  manuscript  was 
duly  set  up  by  the  compositors,  and  galley- 
proofs  were  sent  far  and  near  to  teachers  of 
algebra  for  criticism  and  suggestion.  Then 
these  amended  and  lengthened  galleys  were 
reset,  to  take  a  third  journey  around  the  math- 
ematical world.  And  so  the  task  proceeded 
until  the  publisher  began  to  think  that  it  was 
a  good  deal  easier  to  enact  the  part  of  Job 
three  thousand  years  ago  than  now.  Finally 
in  1905  the  book  was  stereotyped,  incorporat- 
ing many  sound  suggestions  for  its  correction 
and  enrichment.  It  is  because  authors  of  the 
competency  and  patience  of  Dean  Fine  are  to  be 
found  in  every  walk  of  art,  science  and  learn- 
ing, that  the  librarian's  task  of  choice  is  often 
happily  simplified.  He  shuns,  as  unworthy  of 
purchase,  any  treatise  on  chemistry  or  botany 
which  is  not  at  first-hand.  Among  good  books 
he  accords  preference  to  those  whose  chapters 
underwent  painstaking  criticism,  and  correc- 
tion, long  before  they  reached  the  stereo- 
typer's  ladle.  Thirty-five  years  ago  an  Amer- 
ican writer  published  a  series  of  nine  volumes 
in  nine  distinct  and  difficult  fields  of  science. 
The  financial  success  which  attended  his  ad- 
venture could  not  be  repeated  to-day. 

Whether  in  domains  of  science,  of  art,  or  other 
department  of  letters,  we  shall  often  come  upon 
a  reviewer  engaged  to  prepare  lengthy  articles 
for  such  a  journal  as  the  Boston  Transcript, 
such  a  monthly  as  the  Atlantic  or  for  the 
pages  of  the  American  Historical  Review.  Let 
him  continue  to  write  deliberate  surveys,  but 
only  after  a  condensed  note  has  been  sent  to 
the  Bureau  of  Review,  duly  signed  and  dated. 
It  is  desirable  that  on  a  later  date  the  note 
refer  to  the  reviewer's  elaborate  article.  If 
that  article  can  be  carried  in  a  pocket  within 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


321 


the  lid  of  the  reviewed  book,  so  much  the  bet- 
ter.    Would  we  run  any  serious  risk  in  this 
swiftness    of   service?    Not   if    our    reviewers 
take  a  leaf  out  of  the  practice  of  colleagues  on 
the  press.     A  new  opera  is  produced  at  the 
Metropolitan    Opera    House,    and    within    six 
hours  a  masterly  critique  appears  in  the  New 
York  Tribune.    This  is  because  Mr.  Henry  E. 
Krehbiel,    its    musical    editor,    has    diligently 
studied  operas  for  many  years,  so  that  a  new 
work  finds  him  ready  to  deliver  a  sound  and 
informing  judgment.     So,  also,  with  the  dra- 
matic criticisms  of  Mr.  John  R.  Towse  in  the 
New  York  Evening  Post.    Nothing  of  higher 
competency  appears  in  that  newspaper.    When 
Mr.  Towse  accords  praise,  let  that  praise  be 
heeded,  for  you  may  be  certain  that  it  has  been 
squarely  earned.    The  London  Times,  I  think, 
carries  the  organization  of  a  staff  of  experts 
further  than  any  other  journal.    It  engages,  at 
handsome  retainers,  a  corps  of  contributors  in 
London,  each  of  whom  keeps  himself  abreast 
of  events  in  American  finance,  Canadian  pol- 
itics,  Irish   Home   Rule,   and   so   on.     Every 
evening   from  nine  o'clock  these  writers   are 
liable  to  calls  from  the  editor-in-chief  as  emer- 
gencies arise.    For  the  good  reason  that  every 
member  of  this  circle  is  thoroughly  informed 
in  his  special  province,  and  makes  it  the  sub- 
ject of  his  constant  thought,  he  responds  at 
once  with  intelligence  when  an  entangled  situa- 
tion is  to  be  clarified,  when  conflicting1  views 
are  to  be  presented  and  balanced.     If  a  plan 
so  elaborate  and  costly  is  warranted  in  con- 
ducting a  single  newspaper,  a  similar  plan  might 
well  be  adopted  to  promote  the  utility  of  liter- 
ature for  more  than  one  hundred  million  souls 
in  America. 

We  are  handed,  let  us  imagine,  a  new  volume 
by  Professor  Hugo  Munsterberg,  his  "Psy- 
chology and  industrial  efficiency."  That  work 
should  be  passed  upon  by  a  veteran  familiar 
with  every  sound  book  on  efficiency,  and  well 
aware  how  far  Mr.  F.  W.  Taylor,  the  author 
of  "The  principles  of  scientific  management," 
is  in  the  lead  of  his  disciples.  A  note  on  Pro- 
fessor Munsterberg's  book,  however  brief, 
should  say  that  he  illustrates  from  the  tele- 
phone, steamship  and  electric  railway  services, 
judicious  methods  of  determining  the  fittest 
man  for  a  particular  task.  This  reviewer,  fur- 
thermore, should  be  conversant  with  the  crit- 
icisms which  over-zealous  advocates  of  effi- 
ciency have  received  from  Mr.  Henlry  G. 


Bradlee  arid  other  engineers  of  mark.'t  A 
critic  thus  equipped,  within  the  appointed  limits 
of  a  brief  dictum,  would  give  us  the  fullest 
possible  light  and  aid,  whereas  a  tyro,  lacking 
this  mastery  of  an  intricate  subject,  out  of 
step  with  its  constant  advances,  would  not 
deserve  a  hearing  at  all. 

Allied  with  efficiency  is  the  movement  ini- 
tiated by  Mr.  Frank  Parsons,  whose  "Choosing, 
a  vocation"  was  published  in   1909,   after  his 
death.     Find  a  director  of  a  successful  Voca- 
tion  Bureau,   and  have  him  keep   abreast  of 
vocational  literature  as  fast  as  it  appears.    Let 
him  compare  book  with  book,  report  with  re- 
port,  article   with   article;   then  let  his   com- 
parisons be  freely  expressed  in  the  light  of  his 
daily  experience.     He  will  be  worth  hearing^ 
and  what  is  more,  well  worth  heeding.     Men 
of  his  sweep  of  vision  observe  from  year  to 
year  the  birth  and  rapid  growth  of  hundreds 
of  callings  undreamt  of  a  generation  ago.   We 
live  in  an  era   when   electricity  accomplishes 
every  feat  of  fire,  executes  it  better,  and  then- 
passes    to   uncounted    victories    impossible   to 
flame.     Vast   would   be  the   array   of  judges 
needed  to  give  new  books  on  electrical  themes 
their   proper   mint   marks.     Even   within   the 
limited   horizons   where   electricity  serves   the 
home,  and  the  farm,  it  would  be  well  to  have 
the  best  manuals  assembled  and  duly  appraised. 
It  is  in  team-work,  such  as  would  be  displayed 
in  bringing  together  such  a  list  that  our  Bu- 
reau of  Review  might  accomplish  its  best  work. 
From  their  first  foundation  public  libraries 
have  given  hints  for  private  libraries.    This  is 
no  longer  merely  incidental,  but  to-day  follows 
a  well-considered  plan  and  purpose.    It  began 
in  1892,  as  Miss  Mary  W.  Plummer  brought 
together  an  exhibit  of  Christmas  books  at  the 
Pratt  Institute  in  Brooklyn.     She  chose  only 
works    of    beauty    and    merit,    regardless    of 
whether  a  particular  volume  yielded  much  or 
little  profit  to  the  bookseller.    Her  display  gave 
the  Brooklyn  public  an  opportunity  to  select 
from  the  best  holiday  literature,  old  and  new, 
with  full  facilities  for  quiet  and  leisurely  com- 
parison.    That  collection,  duly  changed  every 
year,  and  enlarged  by  excellent  books  for  all 
seasons,  is  now  on  view  the  year  round.    Miss 
Plumrner's   example  has   been   copied,   in  the 
main   with    success,   in   scores   of  towns   and 
cities.     Her  recital   of  this  development  was 
given   in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  for  January, 

t  Proceedings,     Congress     of     Technology,     Boston, 
1911. 


322 


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[June,  1913 


1911.  Last  June,  at  the  Ottawa  meeting  of  the 
A.  L.  A.,  I  exhibited  Everyman's  Library,  with 
several  other  series  of  English  reprints  of 
standard  works,  each  published  in  cloth  bind- 
ing at  twenty- five  cents  a  volume  or  less.  This 
was  to  show  how  many  classics  can  now  be 
bought  for  very  little  money,  not,  of  course,  in 
editions  strong  enough  to  withstand  the  hard 
usage  of  a  public  library,  but  bound  sufficiently 
well  for  the  wear  and  tear  of  a  single  house- 
hold. Last  month  at  the  headquarters  of  the 
Boy  Scouts  of  America,  200  Fifth  avenue,  New 
York,  I  inspected  the  central  library,  which 
seemed  admirably  chosen.  A  day  or  two  after- 
ward, Mr.  Edward  F.  Stevens,  at  the  helm  of 
the  Pratt  Institute  Library  in  Brooklyn,  told 
me  that  he  is  one  of  a  committee  charged  with 
preparing  a  catalog  for  a  Boy  Scouts'  Library. 

In  promoting  the  buying  as  well  as  the  bor- 
rowing of  books,  public  libraries  are  cultivat- 
ing a  field  which  will  steadily  broaden  year  by 
year.  A  book  never  does  a  reader  so  much 
good  as  when  he  owns  it,  with  freedom  to 
mark  its  striking  passages,  to  define  hard  words 
on  its  margins,  and  fill  fly-leaves  with  refer- 
ences. A  few  days  ago  I  discussed  the  project 
of  a  Model  Household  Library  with  Mr.  John 
Cotton  Dana  at  Newark.  It  struck  him  favor- 
ably. I  trust  that  he  may  soon  bring  together 
such  a  collection  for  display,  and  publish  its 
catalog,  giving  each  title  an  informing  note. 
On  a  concluding  leaf  he  may  remind  his  public 
that  he  is  ready  to  give  inquirers  all  the  aid  in 
his  power  as  they  borrow  or  buy  works  of  ref- 
erence, or  books  treating  a  trade  or  a  profes- 
sion, an  art  or  an  industry,  a  hobby  or  a 
diversion.  The  great  books  of  all  time  never 
do  us  so  much  good  as  when  they  stand  beside 
the  books  of  to-day  which  further  to-day's 
work,  and  suggest  to-day's  play.  Mr.  Dana's 
closing  page  in  his  catalog  may  indicate  the 
chief  departments  in  his  vast  Periodical  room, 
where  all  issues,  except  the  latest,  are  free  to 
borrowers. 

This  reminds  me  that  one  of  the  principal 
changes  in  the  world  of  print  during  the  past 
fifty  years  is  the  steady  encroachment  of  pe- 
riodicals on  books.  When  I  was  a  boy  ships 
carried  huge  bins  of  biscuits,  highly  durable 
in  texture,  which  had  been  baked  months  be- 
fore. To-day,  whether  on  land  or  sea,  we  want 
bread  which  was  baked  this  morning.  Last 
week  in  New  Jersey  I  met  a  young  mechanic, 
skilful  and  inventive,  who  builds  parts  for 


motor  cars.  Said  he,  "Wcodworth's  book  on 
dies  is  of  daily  use  to  me.  Woodworth  wrote 
articles  in  his  shop  for  the  American  Machinist 
and  then  gathered  them  into  that  book.  Most 
manuals  about  machinery  are  two  to  three 
years  behind  the  times.  The  American  Ma- 
chinist, week  by  week,  is  better  than  any  book. 
It  gives  lots  of  pointers  that  will  never  be 
printed  anywhere  else.  It  illustrates  all  the 
latest  inventions.  The  editor  prints  at  once 
any  good  item  sent  to  him  about  a  new  wrinkle 
to  save  material,  labor,  or  power.  If  the  paper 
had  nothing  but  its  advertisements,  I  would 
buy  it  just  to  read  them;  they  show  the  best 
novelties  in  the  market." 

What  this  young  reader  says  for  the  Amer- 
ican Machinist  I  can  repeat  for  the  Electrical 
World.  Last  year  a  pressing  task  prevented 
my  taking  it  from  its  wrappers.  Early  last 
January  I  gave  the  week  to  perusing  the  whole 
issue  for  1912.  I  ended  with  the  conviction 
that  as  a  subscriber  I  had  paid  less  than  one- 
tenth  the  value  of  those  fifty-two  numbers. 
They  presented  information  so  varied,  editorial 
comment  so  sensible,  not  to  mention  hundreds 
of  news  items,  that  I  would  rejoice  were  the 
subscription  list  of  that  paper,  large  as  it  is, 
doubled  within  one  week  from  date.  For  the 
behoof  of  new  libraries,  and  old  libraries  ex- 
tending their  periodical  rooms,  I  would  like  to 
see  the  chief  weeklies,  monthlies  and  quarter- 
lies of  the  world  sent  every  year  to  a  Court 
of  Review,  to  have  their  claims  compared  in 
brief  sentences.  This  listing  might  best  ap- 
pear early  in  each  December,  with  a  view  to 
attracting  subscribers  for  the  new  year. 

Among  the  periodicals  from  public  libraries 
which  come  to  my  desk  is  The  Newarker, 
edited  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Dana.  Last  January  it 
mentioned  the  principal  opportunities  for  in- 
struction in  Newark.  A  capital  thing  to  do  in 
every  city  and  town  of  America.  A  manual 
on  lathes  rises  to  its  fullest  use  when  a  me- 
chanic translates  its  story  into  actual  shop 
work.  Public  libraries  long  ago  partnered 
themselves  with  public  schools,  greatly  to  the 
gain  of  both.  Let  public  libraries  become 
switchboards  between  museums  and  class- 
rooms, botanical  gardens  and  parks,  and  each 
will  strengthen  every  other.  Words  are  good, 
things  are  better,  words  plus  things  are  best 
of  all.  Of  high  significance  is  the  union  of 
practice  and  theory  now  offered  in  the  schools 
of  great  industrial  concerns.  The  General 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


323 


Electric  Company  at  West  Lynn,  Massachu- 
setts, and  Schenectady,  New  York,  teaches  its 
apprentices  a  carefully  planned  round  of  shop 
work,  with  clear  exposition  of  the  scientific 
principles  which  underlie  every  task. 

And  now  we  arrive  at  the  chief  questions  for 
a  Bureau  of  Review,  what  should  be  the  com- 
pass of  its  notes,  and  what  should  they  tell? 
Perhaps  a  note  should  not  exceed  one  hundred 
words,  except  when  greater  length  is  impera- 
tive. A  note  must  be  as  concise  as  possible, 
consistently  with  saying  all  that  it  should. 
And  what  should  it  say?  That  question  is 
likely  to  arouse  a  warm  debate.  At  first  we 
are  certain  to  see  notes  of  many  types,  and, 
in  response  to  free  criticism,  the  most  suitable 
will  set  the  style,  as  printers  say.  A  note 
simply  descriptive  would  tell  who  an  author  is, 
the  scope  and  aim  of  his  work,  his  qualifica- 
tions for  writing  it,  and  for  what  readers  his 
book  is  suited.  As  nobody  objects  to  a  good 
word,  any  special  merit  might  have  due  men- 
tion. Symbols  for  elementary,  intermediate, 
and  advanced  works  are  time-savers,  partic- 
ularly for  the  small  libraries  so  much  in  the 
majority. 

Some  of  our  chieftains  hold  that  criticism 
should  have  no  place  in  a  note.  Mr.  Edwin 
H.  Anderson  once  submitted  a  book  to  two 
judges  of  equal  and  eminent  ability;  they  gave 
verdicts  diametrically  opposed.  A  similar  di- 
vergence sometimes  comes  out  in  the  Book 
Review  Digest,  whose  sources  are  carefully 
chosen.  And  even  the  decisions  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the  United  States  are  not  al- 
ways unanimous.  "Think,"  said  Mr.  Ander- 
son to  me,  "of  what  the  leading  critics  said  in 
1859  about  'The  origin  of  species'  and  what 
their  successors  say  now."  Mr.  Anderson 
places  a  high  value  on  a  systematic  and  thor- 
oughgoing bibliography,  such  as  Mr.  Larned's 
"Literature  of  American  history."  He  heart- 
ily wishes  that  surveys  of  the  same  breadth  and 
quality  could  be  published  for  every  other  im- 
portant field  of  letters.  Mr.  Harrison  W. 
Craver,  of  the  Carnegie  Library  at  Pittsburgh, 
issues  a  monthly  bulletin  of  his  new  books. 
About  one-half  the  titles  receive  short  notes  of 
explanation,  excluding  criticism.  These  notes 
appear  also  in  the  card  catalog,  presenting  a 
characteristic  feature  in  a  great  library.  Mr. 
Craver  advocates  brief  lists  on  specific  topics. 
They  bear  a  date  which  defines  their  period  of 
validity,  and  they  can  disregard  the  large  array 


of  mediocre  literature  which  is  neither  good 
nor  bad. 

In  the  course  of  my  rounds  last  month,  as 
a  gatherer  of  evidence,  it  was  cheering  to  call 
upon  Mr.  W.  D.  Johnston,  the  librarian  of 
Columbia  University.  He  told  me  that  for 
some  years,  beginning  with  1897,  he  edited  a 
series  of  annotated  cards  in  the  department 
of  English  history.  Occasionally  a  note  was 
adverse,  but  he  never  heard  a  single  objection. 
Perhaps  because  the  wide  Atlantic  rolled  be- 
tween the  criticised  and  their  critic.  Nothing 
has  ever  been  too  strongly  urged  against  fault- 
finding based  upon  ignorance,  bigotry,  or 
malice.  But  fault-finding  which  proceeds  upon 
solid  grounds,  clearly  defined,  should  be  cour- 
ageously presented.  In  the  rare  cases  where 
competent  judges  disagree  in  set  terms,  their 
conflicting  views  might  be  presented.  A  treat- 
ise in  the  main  excellent,  may  have  an  erron- 
eous and  crudely  argued  chapter,  which  flaw 
is  as  much  a  fact  as  the  portrait  given  as  a 
frontispiece.  A  book  which  purports  to  be  a 
biography  may  be  only  puffery  in  disguise. 
The  masquerade  is  as  much  a  fact  as  the  map 
in  colors  which  adorns  the  volume.  A  case  of 
clear  plagiarism  and  the  omission  of  decisive 
evidence  which  an  author  should  have  adduced 
for  the  behoof  of  his  readers,  are  facts  as 
much  as  legibility  of  type  and  strength  of 
binding. 

The  great  editors  of  the  world  have  always 
acted  on  this  conviction,  and  that  was  one 
reason  why  they  were  great.  Being  mortal 
men  they  were  not  infallible,  nor  even  in- 
errant,  and  while  thoroughly  aware  of  the 
social  obloquy  and  financial  cost  of  truth- 
telling,  they  told  the  truth.  We  have  entered 
into  their  labors,  and  we  owe  them  not  only 
our  gratitude,  but  the  homage  of  imitation. 
I  maintain  that  they  placed  their  sympathy 
rightly  when  they  bestowed  it  not  upon  authors 
and  publishers,  but  upon  the  defenceless  people 
asked  to  exchange  their  cash  for  what  might 
not  be  worth  buying.  I  hope  and  trust  that 
in  the  councils  of  librarians  regarding  this 
question  a  wise  courage  will  prevail.  Only 
thus  can  we  work  toward  curtailing  the  manu- 
facture of  books  which  are  not  books,  and 
lift  the  standard  of  requirement  to  high-water 
mark.  The  difficulties  of  final,  adverse  de- 
cision are  real;  they  can  be  met  only  by  an 
editor-in-chief  of  the  highest  discernment  and 
discretion.  But  no  difficulties,  however  great, 


3^4 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


warrant  us  in  neglecting  that  most  important 
and  most  useful  of  all  our  functions,  the 
bringing  books  to  the  balances  in  the  open 
view  of  all  mankind.  In  the  publishing  trade 
it  is  notorious  that  most  profit  is  reaped  in 
issues  of  inferior  quality,  in  cheap  hackwork 
persistently  advertised  and  shrewdly  canvassed. 
It  is  our  duty  and  privilege,  along  every  path 
that  we  can  find  or  make,  to  bring  the  best 
books  into  such  prominence  and  acceptance 
that  the  weeds  of  literature  will  be  over- 
shadowed and  fade  away. 

The  common  sense  of  mankind  long  ago 
sanctioned  the  profession  of  advocacy.  Black 
sues  White  for  libel,  and  each  employs  an  at- 
torney to  present  his  arguments  as  forcefully 
as  he  can.  A  judge  or  jury  hears  both  attor- 
neys, listens  with  patience  to  their  witnesses, 
and  then  brings  in  a  verdict  which,  in  the 
great  majority  of  cases,  is  approved  as  just. 
Courts  of  law  can  here  give  a  hint  to  public 
libraries.  I  trust  that  before  the  close  of  this 
year  Mr.  Graver,  or  some  other  leader  of  ours, 
will  publish  a  list  of  the  works  of  Professor 
Bergson,  with  references  to  the  chief  attacks 
directed  against  his  philosophy,  and  to  the  best 
defence  offered  by  his  disciples.*  A  similar  list 
for  the  pragmatism  of  the  late  Professor  Wil- 
liam James  would  have  high  value  and  interest. 
Two  topics,  as  wide  apart  as  the  poles,  which 
might  well  receive  the  same  treatment,  are  psy- 
chical research  and  the  kinetograph  in  educa- 
tion. 

Better  than  a  reference  to  literature  is  liter- 
ature itself.  An  illustration  in  point  is  a  recent 


little  book  on  Woman  Suffrage,  in  which  ar- 
guments from  leaders  pro  and  con  have  been 
brought  together  and  edited  by  Miss  Edith 
M.  Phelps.  This  volume,  a  model  of  compact- 
ness and  inclusion,  is  one  of  a  series  of  De- 
baters' handbooks  issued  by 'the  H.  W.  Wilson 
Company,  of  Minneapolis.  Thus  far  the  series 
comprises  no  fewer  than  twenty-two  current 
problems  of  American  politics,  economics  and 
finance.  Men  with  their  hands  on  the  public 
pulse  remark  that  it  is  books  such  as  these 
that  people  want  to-day.  Literature  pure  and 
simple,  great  poetry  and  fiction,  essays  and 
literary  discussion,  are  steadily  receding  in 
popular  demand.  To-day  everybody  worth  a 
fig  earnestly  desires  to  give  new  knowledge 
its  utmost  sweep,  to  honor  truth  by  the  fullest 
use.  The  conviction  deepens  that  men  can 
make  much  more  of  themselves  than  was  ever 
before  possible,  if  they  so  firmly  resolve;  they 
know  for  certain  that  many  an  evil,  borne  with 
fortitude  by  our  forefathers  as  inevitable,  tu- 
berculosis, for  example,  may  be  wholly  avoided 
as  soon  as  we  add  obedience  to  knowledge. 
And  while  pain  and  suffering  are  steadily 
ousted  from  human  life,  let  us  observe  the  new 
boons  of  science  and  art,  mechanical  music  and' 
motion  pictures  at  their  best,  photography  in 
natural  colors,  the  resistless  supersedure  of 
flame  by  that  subtler  kind  of  fire,  electricity. 
All  these  gifts,  and  many  more  as  golden, 
reach  their  full  value,  tell  their  whole  story, 
only  through  the  printed  word,  which  it  is 
your  great  trust  to  administer  for  the  good 
of  us  all. 


CO-OPERATION     BETWEEN    THE    LIBRARY  AND  THE  BOOK  STORE 


BY  GEORGE  F.  BOWERMAN,  of  the 

IT  is  a  rare  privilege  for  a  public  librarian 
to  address  a  national  association  of  book- 
sellers— altogether  too  rare  for  the  sake  of 
the  most  cordial  relations  between  the  two 
most  important  book  distribution  agencies  of 
the  country.  In  responding  to  your  request 
to  talk  about  co-operation  between  the  book 
store  and  the  library  I  propose  to  speak  only 
of  the  free  public  library  (that  is,  to  exclude 
the  commercial  circulating  library),  and  I 
address  myself  especially  to  the  co-operation 

*As  this  goes  to  press  I  receive  from  Mr.  F.  C. 
Hicks,  assistant  librarian,  Columbia  University,  a 
bibliography  of  Professor  Bergson,  just  issued. — G.  I. 


Washington  (D.  C.)  Public  Library 

that  is  of  most  interest  to  you,  namely,  the 
co-operation  on  the  part  of  the  library  that 
directly  or  indirectly  helps  the  book  store  to 
increase  book  sales. 

In  order  to  pave  the  way  for  a  brief  de- 
scription of  the  means  and  methods  of  such 
co-operation  it  seems  desirable  first  to  dis- 
cuss briefly,  though  by  no  means  fully,  the 
fundamental  question  whether  the  library  is 
not,  after  all,  an  influence  hostile  to  the  book 
store,  interfering  with  and  reducing  the  total 
sales  of  books  below  the  point  that  might  be 
reached  but  for  its  maintenance  in  the  com- 
munity. 

That  this  is  still  an  open  question  instead  of 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


325 


it  being  long  ago  settled  in  the  minds  of  book- 
sellers that  the  library  is  a  help  to  them  rather 
than  a  hindrance,  is  suggested  by  the  fact  that 
in  the  able  article,  "Book  Publishing  and  Its 
Present  Tendencies/'  in  the  April  Atlantic 
Monthly  (reprinted  in  the  PUBLISHERS' 
WEEKLY  of  April  26)  the  distinguished  pub- 
lisher, Mr.  George  P.  Brett,  president  of  the 
Macmillan  Company,  in  discussing  and  criti- 
cizing the  effectiveness  of  the  current  agencies 
of  book  distribution,  makes  no  mention  of  the 
public  library.  When  in  correspondence  I 
asked  him  the  reason  for  the  omission  he 
expressed  the  opinion  that  while  libraries 
"are  worthy  of  all  encouragement"  they  still 
"are  detrimental  to  the  interests  of  publishers 
in  that  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  purchase 
of  books  by  individuals  is  curtailed  by  the  in- 
creasing library  facilities."  If  a  leading  pub- 
lisher holds  this  opinion  so  strongly  it  is 
safe  to  say  that  some  booksellers  do  too. 

Mr.  Brett  claims  that  although  there  has 
been  an  enormous  increase  in  the  number 
of  titles  published  each  year,  there  has  not 
been  a  corresponding  increase  in  the  bulk  of 
book  sales.  As  no  figures  are  produced,  this 
may  be  regarded  as  an  opinion  to  be  offset 
by  other  competent  opinions  to  the  contrary. 
If  for  the  sake  of  argument  it  is  granted  that 
there  has  not  been  an  increase  in  book  sales 
commensurate  with  the  growth  of  population 
and  the  increase  of  popular  education  there 
are  other  influences  working  so  strongly  in 
that  direction  as  fully  to  explain  the  tendency 
without  implicating  the  public  library  as  a 
deterring  factor.  Some  of  these  influences  are 
the  following: 

APARTMENT    HOUSES,    MAGAZINES    AND    MOVING 
PICTURES    CURTAIL    BOOK    BUYING. 

In  time  past  many  families  lived  for  several 
generations  and  died  in  spacious  houses.  Now- 
adays apartment  house  living  and  the  frequent 
migration  of  families  are  not  favorable  to 
book  owning.  Motoring  and  world  travel  lure 
many  of  those  whose  economic  condition  and 
tastes  formerly  led  them  to  remain  at  home 
and  read  the  books  they  had  bought.  The 
swiftness  of  modern  life  and  the  multiplica- 
tion of  engagements,  especially  for  those  most 
interested  in  serious  affairs,  such  as  charities 
and  reforms,  require  them  to  devote  time  once 
spent  in  their  studies  to  attendance  on  com- 


mittee meetings  and  in  similar  occupations.  To 
meet  the  literary  demands  of  such  strenuous 
lives  there  are  excellent  newspapers  and  maga- 
zines with  summaries,  instead  of  books.  The 
appalling  multiplication  of  books  makes  it  less 
and  less  possible  for  any  one  individual  even 
to  know  the  titles  of  all  the  worth-while 
books,  much  less  to  buy  and  read  them.  When 
it  is  added  that  the  prices  of  the  better  books 
have  been  advancing,  whereas  the  tendency  of 
the  prices  of  magazines  and  newspapers  has 
been  downward,  and  that  the  cost  of  the 
necessities  of  life  has  been  increasing,  so  that 
the  ability  of  the  public  to  buy  books  has  been 
reduced,  it  would  not  be  strange  should  the 
sales  of  books  not  have  expanded  in  propor- 
tion to  education  and  population,  especially 
when  it  is  remembered  that  much  of  our 
increase  in  population  has  been  in  the  form 
of  immigrants,  most  of  whom  have  probably 
not  become  book  purchasers.  The  ubiquity  of 
the  moving  picture  theatre  has  undoubtedly 
been  a  strong  factor  in  reducing  the  reading 
done  by  the  young  and  by  the  comparatively 
uncultivated  adults,  and  as  a  result  has  in- 
fluenced their  desire  and  ability  to  buy  books. 
Right  here  it  should  be  noted  that  many  of 
these  influences  which  tend  to  reduce  the  read- 
ing of  books  and  the  purchasing  of  books 
similarly  affect  library  use  unfavorably. 

Whether  the  sales  of  books  have  gone  on 
increasing  with  the  expansion  of  the  country, 
as  I  believe  and  as  I  know  many  booksellers 
believe,  or  whether  they  have  simply  held  their 
own,  at  any  rate  I  am  sure  that  the  library, 
instead  of  being  a  hostile  influence  tending  to 
reduce  book  sales,  is,  on  the  contrary,  a  con- 
serving influence,  counteracting  those  other 
tendencies  by  keeping  alive  and  fanning  the 
flame  of  interest  in  books,  so  that  for  every 
sale  of  books  to  an  individual  that  has  been 
lost  to  the  bookseller  by  reason  of  the  pres- 
ence of  the  desired  book  in  the  library,  prob- 
ably at  least  two  sales  of  books  have  been 
made  by  reason  of  the  library's  existence  and 
influence. 

THE  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  IS  A  GREAT  CONTINUATION     " 
SCHOOL. 

The  public  library  stands  in  the  community 
as  the  great  continuation  school.  One  of  its 
most  important  functions  is  to  furnish  expensive 
reference  books  and  technical  journals  that  in- 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


dividuals  cannot  often  afford  to  buy.  Through 
the  use  of  such  material  the  earning  capacity 
of  large  numbers  of  the  community  is  being 
increased  to  such  an  extent  as  to  lift  them 
out  of  a  state  of  economic  dependence  that 
precludes  personal  book  ownership  into  one 
that  makes  book  purchasing  possible.  The 
library  also  stands  for  good  taste  in  litera- 
ture. People  without  money  cannot  buy  books. 
People  without  good  taste  do  buy  books,  but 
I  think  it  is  safe  to  say  that  they  cannot 
usually  be  depended  upon  to  be  steady  and 
persistent  readers  and  buyers.  The  public 
library  also  stands  as  the  expert  in  the  com- 
munity for  the  choice  of  the  best  books,  so 
that  discriminating  readers  and  buyers  are 
coming  more  and  more  to  depend  for  their 
own  private  purchases  upon  the  selections 
made  by  the  individual  library  or  the 
organized  choice  of  librarians  as  contained  in 
the  American  Library  Association  Booklist. 
The  public  library  is  engaged  in  the  business 
of  converting  as  large  a  proportion  of  the 
community  as  its  too  meager  support  enables 
it  to  influence  into  the  condition  of  being 
readers — not  simply  occasional  readers,  but 
habitual  readers,  not  merely  newspaper  and 
magazine  readers,  but  readers  and  lovers  of 
books.  It  is  also  supplying  effective  help  to- 
ward such  economic  independence  as  will  en- 
able its  readers  to  own  the  books  they  most 
need  as  tools  or  most  want  as  companions  yi 
their  homes.  The  library,  if  well  supported, 
reaches  a  far  larger  number  than  the  book 
store  can  ever  hope  to  have  as  customers.  The 
library  then  sends  onto  the  book  store  as  cus- 
tomers as  many  a,s  possible  of  the  persons 
it  has  helped  to  bring  up  to  an  economic  and 
esthetic  state  that  demands  private  book 
ownership. 

BOOKS  TAKEN  "ON  APPROVAL"  FROM  LIBRARY 
AFTERWARDS  BOUGHT  BY  READER. 

To  the  person  who  is  already  economically 
and  esthetically  a  possible  book  owner  the 
public  library  need  not  be,  and  usually  is  not, 
a  deterrent  to  book  buying,  for  then  the 
library  is  approached  for  expert  advice  and 
as  a  laboratory  for  experiment  in  book  values 
preceding  book  purchasing.  When  the  dis- 
criminating reader  finds  that  the  library  has 
purchased  a  certain  book,  this  fact  puts  the 
seal  of  public  approval  on  the  book  and  sends 


him  to  the  book  store  to  buy  it.  Or,  if  he  is 
still  in  doubt,  he  procures  the  library  copy — 
gets  it  "on  approval"  from  the  librajrj  instead 
of  from  the  book  store — and  if  he  finds  it  a 
necessary  book  for  his  private  library  proceeds 
to  buy  it  from  the  bookseller.  In  this  sense 
the  public  library  is  an  institution  for  the  dis- 
play of  sample  copies  of  approved  books — a 
sort  of  perpetual  book  advertising  emporium, 
conducted  at  public  expense. 

But  I  think  I  hear  some  one  object  that  at 
least  the  public  library  reduces  the  sum  total 
of  the  sales  of  current  fiction.  This  also  we 
do  not  believe.  The  figures  recently  compiled 
by  Mr.  Fred  E.  Woodward  show  that  fiction 
forms  each  year  a  smaller  and  smaller  percen- 
tage of  the  total  number  of  new  publications. 
Of  this  progressively  smaller  number  of  books 
of  fiction  published  the  leading  public  libraries 
(those  whose  example  is  being  more  and  more 
followed)  are  approving  for  purchase  as  ap- 
propriate to  an  educational  institution  a 
smaller  and  smaller  number  of  titles.  And  of 
the  comparatively  small  number  of  titles  so 
approved,  its  book  funds,  always  severely 
limited  and  for  the  most  part  definitely  re- 
quired for  other  classes  of  literature,  are  only 
a  drop  in  the  bucket  to  supply  the  number  of 
copies  of  current  popular  successes  demanded 
by  the  seekers  after  the  latest  sensation.  It 
is  my  experience  also  that  many  of  the  cur- 
rent novels  most  insistently  demanded  by  the 
well  to  do  and  rich,  who  might  buy,  are  in 
many  cases  the  very  books  that  do  not  meas- 
ure up  to  the  library's  standards.  Such  read- 
ers are  referred  to  the  book  stores  or  to  the 
commercial  circulating  libraries.  Unless  it  is 
claimed  that  the  library's  failure  to  approve 
for  purchase  most  of  the  new  novels  has  a 
damning  effect  on  their  popularity,  it  cannot 
successfully  be  shown  that  in  this  field  the 
public  library's  existence  has  any  serious  de- 
pressing effect  on  Book  sales. 

This  very  sifting  process,  whether  applied 
to  fiction  or  other  classes  of  books,  is  one 
of  the  most  important  functions  of  the  library. 
It  means  too  much  economically  to  the  pub- 
lic— both  as  regards  purchases  of  books  from 
the  public  purse  and  in  helping  the  individual 
to  spend  his  own  book  money  wisely— to  be 
omitted.  It  ought  to  be  done  5y  libraries  all 
over  the  country  to  the  end  of  influencing  the 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


327 


publication  of  a  much  smaller  number  of 
books  that  will  better  deserve  being  owned 
either  by  the  public  or  by  private  individuals. 
In  the  interest  of  co-operation  booksellers 
should,  with  a  view  to  stable,  remunerative 
business  next  year  and  every  year,  join  in 
this  movement  for  fewer  and  better  books, 
instead  of  giving  too  much  attention  to  present 
profits  from  weak  books  that  ought  never  to 
have  been  published,  and  whose  lives,  if  they 
can  be  said  to  be  alive  at  all,  are  scarcely 
longer  than  that  of  yesterday's  newspaper. 

LIBRARIES  AND  BOOK  SELLERS  SHOULD  JOIN  IN 
MOVEMENT  FOR  FEWER  AND  BETTER  BOOKS. 

When  the  bookseller  claims  that  there  is 
no  use  in  his  trying  to  seek  the  co-operation 
of  the  public  librarian  or  to  respond  to  the 
overtures  of  co-operation  made  by  the  libra- 
rian, for  anyway  the  library  is  taking  his  busi- 
ness, the  librarian  is  inclined  to  conclude  that 
the  real  reason  for  this  attitude  is  that  the 
public  library  stands  for  the  best  books  and 
for  good  editions,  readable  type,  durable  pa- 
per and  binding  and  artistic  illustrations, 
whereas  the  bookseller,  though  he  may  appre- 
ciate these  things,  is  ordinarily  not  averse 
to  handling  anything  that  is  a  book,  and  thinks 
he  can  make  more  money  out  of  the  sale  of 
the  poor  and  mediocre  books  rejected  by  the 
library  than  from  those  recommended  by  it. 
Very  likely  this  attitude  of  mutual  suspicion 
is  unfair  to  both  sides  of  this  proposed  co- 
operative alliance.  Before  there  can  be  any 
successful  co-operation  such  suspicion  should 
be  eliminated.  Another  stone  of  stumbling  in 
the  road  toward  co-operation  that  should 
be  removed  is  the  thought  in  either  the  mind 
of  the  librarian  or  the  bookseller  that  the 
only  interest  the  bookseller  has  in  the 
library  is  to  sell  books  to  it.  If  there  is 
any  doubt  in  the  mind  of  the  bookseller  that 
the  librarian  sincerely  believes  that  there 
should  be  private  book  owning  in  his  town, 
that  should  be  dissipated.  If  there  is  a  public 
librarian  who  so  unduly  and  mistakenly  mag- 
nifies the  functions  of  his  library  as  to  think 
that  if  it  were  properly  supported  there 
would  be  no  room  for  personal  book  owner- 
ship, he  should  be  put  in  a  glass  case  and 
preserved  as  a  curiosity. 

I  have  thus  far  tried  to  show  that  the 
public  library  is  not  a  menace  to  the  existence 


of  the  book  store,  but  is,  on  the  contrary,  from 
its  very  nature  an  influence  conserving  the 
interest  in  books  and  reading,  including  not 
simply  the  reading  of  publicly  owned  books, 
but  also,  wherever  possible  and  economically 
justified  and  required,  the  reading  of  privately 
owned  books.  I  also  hold  that  the  public 
librarian  defeats  his  own  ends  who  does  not 
also  encourage  private  ownership  of  worthy 
books. 

HOW  CAN  THE  LIBRARIAN  COOPERATE? 

How  can  the  librarian  co-operate  with  the 
bookseller  in  the  sale  of  books?  What  meas- 
ures is  he  justified  in  taking  as  a  professional 
man,  employed  by  the  public  and  serving  only 
the  public  interest?  At  once  I  answer  that 
whatever  he  may  do  as  a  private  individual,  in 
his  public  capacity  he  is  justified  in  encourag- 
ing the  private  ownership  of  such  books,  and 
such  only,  as  he  has  in  his  own  library  or  would 
be  willing  to  have  there.  In  other  words, 
the  librarian,  as  librarian,  is  not  justified  in 
specifically  co-operating  in  the  encouragement 
of  the  sale  of  any  but  approved  books.  This 
means  that  although  the  bookseller  may  con- 
tinue to  sell  books  which  do  not  measure  up 
to  the  library's  standards,  the  librarian  can 
only  participate  by  offering  his  official  encour- 
agement in  the  sale  of  approved  books  or  books 
worthy  of  his  approval.  If  I  am  correctly  in- 
formed, the  experience  of  the  ordinary  book 
store  is  that  upwards  of  25  per  cent,  only  of 
its  sales  are  of  books  specifically  asked  for; 
that  is,  by  people  who  know  exactly  what 
they  want  when  they  enter  the  store;  the  re- 
maining 75  per  cent,  are  from  stock  displayed 
or  by  the  suggestions  of  salesmen.  As  a 
basis,  therefore,  of  a  co-operation  in  which 
the  librarian  would  be  willing  to  participate 
without  stultifying  his  professional  standards, 
which  demand  the  distribution  of  approved 
books,  there  must  be  on  the  part  of  the  book- 
seller a  reasonable  regard  for  such  standards, 
both  in  choosing  his  stock  and  in  pushing 
sales.  By  this  I  do  not  mean  that  the  book- 
seller should  turn  the  business  of  buying  his 
stock  over  to  the  librarian,  but  I  do  mean 
that  a  bookseller  cannot  long  hope  for  enthu- 
siastic co-operation  from  the  librarian  if  he 
persists  in  filling  his  most  prominent  tables 
with  weak,  trashy  or  salacious  novels  or  low- 
grade,  badly  printed,  crudely  illustrated  chil- 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


dren's  books.  The  librarian  should  be  reason- 
able and  recognize  that  the  book  store  is  a 
commercial  enterprise  conducted  to  make 
money;  but  the  bookseller  should  in  turn 
recognize  that  the  library  is  an  educational  in- 
stitution and  that  the  public  librarian  is  an 
educational  officer.  If,  therefore,  the  book- 
seller thinks  the  library's  co-operation  is  worth 
having  he  should  recognize  that  it  is  reason- 
able to  expect  it  only  so  far  as  the  librarian 
is  convinced  that  by  such  co-operation  the 
general  educational  purpose  of  the  library  (the 
distribution  of  good  books  in  the  community) 
may  be  forwarded.  If  the  bookseller  recog- 
nizes that  the  librarian  can  co-operate  only  on 
this  basis  and  still  wants  the  library  co-opera- 
tion badly  enough  to  meet  the  conditions,  then 
the  public  librarian  should  by  all  means  re- 
spond. The  library  profession  is  deeply  in- 
terested in  having  strong  (and  therefore 
profitable)  book  stores  in  all  considerable 
towns  in  America  to  supplement  the  work  of 
the  local  public  libraries.  If  the  sale  of  good 
books  is  made  more  profitable  it  is  possible 
that  fewer  bad  books  will  be  published  and 
sold  to  undermine  the  work  the  public  libraries 
arc  trying  to  accomplish. 

EFFORTS    OF    LIBRARIAN    TO    ENCOURAGE    BOOK 
££  BUYING    MUST    BE    SUPPLEMENTAL^TO    HIS 
„,  WORK  OF  SUPPLYING  THEM  FREE. 

It  must,  of  course,  be  clearly  understood 
that  any  efforts  put  forth  by  the  librarian  in 
the  direction  of  encouraging  readers  to  pro- 
cure books  by  purchase  must  be  secondary 
and  supplemental  to  his  first  work,  which  is 
to  supply  them  free.  In  so  far  as  his  re- 
sources will  permit  he  is  in  duty  bound  to 
supply  to  all  members  of  his  constituency — the 
rich  who  are  able  to  buy  their  own  books,  but 
whose  taxes  support  the  library,  as  well  as 
the  poor  who  cannot  afford  to  buy — the  books 
asked  for,  so  far  as  they  are  approved  and 
can  be  afforded.  But  those  who  want  to  buy 
books,  or  who  could  be  induced  to  buy,  form 
no  small  part  of  the  community.  It  is  to 
the  library's  advantage  to  increase  this  num- 
ber, provided  the  buying  is  intelligent  and 
discriminating.  Such  buyers,  to  be  encouraged 
by  the  library,  include  those  who  believe  in 
building  up  a  well-rounded  private  library,  to 
consist  of  the  best  reference  books,  the 
worthiest  editions  of  the  classics,  ancient  and 


modern,  together  with  a  discriminating  choice 
of  modern  works  as  they  appear;  the  collectors 
of  specialties ;  those  who  need  expensive  books 
that  the  library  cannot  afford  to  buy ;  the  read- 
ers who  believe  in  owning  all  the  books  they 
read  (no  small  number)  ;  persons  of  literary 
tastes  but  with  slender  purses  who  need  a 
few  well  chosen  books  as  constant  companions 
and  tools;  makers  of  gifts  to  literary  friends, 
who  are  often  not  pleased  with  the  results  of 
well-meaning  but  misguided  efforts;  parents 
and  teachers  who  wish  to  give  Christmas  and 
birthday  gifts  and  who  regard  the  reading  of 
their  children  as  a  matter  of  serious  impor- 
tance or  who  may  want  to  take  no  chance  of 
possible  germs  in  public  library  books ;  and  the 
large  class  of  mechanics,  engineers,  business 
men,  clerks,  housekeepers,  professional  men, 
etc.,  who,  having  tested  out  many  books  drawn 
from  the  public  library's  rich  stores,  have 
found  a  few  books  that  they  must  buy  in 
order  to  have  them  always  at  hand  for  use  in 
their  every-day  affairs. 

HOW   BOOK  SELLERS   AND   LIBRARIANS   MAYiCO- 
OPERATE    IN    BOOK    EXHIBITS. 

The  foregoing  questions  are  so  fundamental 
to  the  co-operative  relations  possible  between 
the  library  and  the  book  store  that  I  trust 
that  the  discussion  has  proved  helpful,  even 
though  it  has  left  less  time  than  I  should  like 
for  description  of  actual  and  possible  co- 
operative enterprises.  Taking  my  own  library, 
as  somewhat  typical  the  following  are  some 
of  the  things  that  have  been  done: 

Beginning  in  1904  the  Public  Library  in 
Washington  has  each  year  conducted  in  the 
weeks  preceding  Christmas  an  exhibition  of 
books  suitable  for  gifts.  Some  years  the  ex- 
hibition has  been  large  and  has  included  a 
selection  from  the  best  current  and  classic 
adult  books,  as  well  as  children's  books.  In 
many  cases  new,  clean  copies  have  been  bought 
especially  for  exhibition  purposes.  For  two 
or  three  seasons  a  catalog  of  the  exhibition 
was  printed,  with  prices  furnished  by  the 
leading  local  booksellers.  At  least  once  two 
local  booksellers  co-operated  in  the  cost  of  the 
printed  catalog,  each  of  them  distributing 
special  imprint  editions.  The  catalogs  dis- 
tributed by  the  library  stated  that  the  books 
could  be  bought  at  the  book  stores  (without 
mentioning  names)  ;  the  catalog  distributed  by 


June,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


329 


the  stores  stated  that  the  books  had  been 
chosen  by  the  library  and  could  be  seen  there. 
In  other  years  the  library  had  co-operated  with 
libraries  in  other  cities,  securing  imprinted 
editions  of  catalogs  (especially  of  children's 
Christmas  gift  books)  compiled,  elsewhere. 
Last  Christmas  the  library  did  not  issue  a 
catalog,  but  did  hold  an  exhibition  of  chil- 
dren's books.  On  special  days  the  public  was 
invited  to  hear  the  children's  librarian  dis- 
cuss the  books  exhibited  and  the  principles  of 
selecting  books  for  children.  On  other  occa- 
sions the  children's  librarian  and  other  rep- 
resenta.tives  of  the  library  have  accepted  in- 
vitations (sometimes  seeking  such  invitations) 
to  address  women's  clubs  and  parent-teacher 
associations  on  books  for  Christmas  gifts. 
Often  the  books  recommended  have  been  sent 
by  the  library  to  the  club  meetings  for  ex- 
amination. Always  in  connection  with  such 
exhibits  at  the  library  publishers'  Christmas 
and  other  book  lists  have  been,  given  away 
in  large  numbers  in  addition  to  the  library's 
own  list  of  recommended  books.  Hundreds  of 
copies  of  Mr.  E.  W.  Mumford's  pamphlet, 
"Choosing  Books  for  Boys  and  Girls/'  extract- 
ed from  his  address  to  this  association  a  year 
ago,  "Juvenile  Readers  as  An  Asset,"  were 
given  away  to  parents  last  Christmas.  Samples 
of  priced  catalogs  issued  by  typical  public 
libraries  are  on  exhibition  on  the  platform.  I 
also  have  for  distribution  to  all  persons  pres- 
ent copies  of  a  list  entitled  "The  Child's 
Books :  a  List  Recommended  for  Owning  and 
Reading,"  just  issued  by  my  own  library.  This 
list  is  based  on  a  group  of  books  collected  as 
the  result  of  years  of  experience.  The  books 
are  permanently  on  exhibition  in  the  office  of 
the  head  of  our  children's  department.  Parents 
and  teachers  so  constantly  came  to  us  for  ad- 
vice in  the  matter  of  the  reading  of  the  chil- 
dren and  to  inquire  what  books  to  buy  for 
them  that  this  model  collection  of  books  de- 
sirable for  the  child  to  own  has  been  gradually 
formed  to  answer  their  questions.  This  list 
was  not  printed  until  it  was  learned  that  the 
local  booksellers  could  actually  secure  the 
books  and  until  the  prices  had  been  revised 
by  two  dealers. 

MANY    LIBRARIES    ISSUE    LISTS    TO    STIMULATE 
PURCHASE    OF    BOOKS. 

Among  the  catalogs  issued  by  libraries  for 
the    specific   purpose    of    stimulating   and   in- 


fluencing the  purchase  of  books  should  be 
mentioned  one  entitled  "The  Child's  Own  Li- 
brary," issued  by  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library, 
first  in  1907  and  reissued  in  1911  and  1912. 
This  list,  issued  in  handsome  form,  is  priced 
and  annotated.  The  Rochester  Public  Library 
recently  distributed  7,000  copies  of  its  priced 
list,  "Books  for  a  Child's  Library,"  at  the 
child  welfare  exhibit  in  that  city.  Of  earlier 
editions  of  the  same  list  the  Rochester  libra- 
rian, while  librarian  at  Louisville,  had  dis- 
tributed 10,000  copies.  Nearly  30,000  of  the 
list  had  also  been  used  for  distribution  pur- 
poses by  thirty  other  library  and  six  state  li- 
brary commissions.  Similar  lists  have  for  sev- 
eral years  been  issued  by  the  St.  Louis  Public 
Library,  by  the  Buffalo  Public  Library  and 
by  the  Pratt  Institute  Free  Library,  Brooklyn. 
In  fact  the  plan  of  holding  such  an  exhibition 
was  begun  by  Miss  Plummer  at  Pratt  Insti- 
tute in  1892. 

Not  many  public  libraries  are  so  fortunate 
as  to  have  as  their  chief  librarians  former 
booksellers,  though  there  are  several  holding 
such  positions.  One  of  these,  Mr.  Walter  L. 
Brown,  librarian  at  Buffalo,  reports  that  the 
booksellers  of  that  city  believe  as  he  does,  that 
libraries  create  readers  and  book  buyers.  His 
1912  Christmas  list  and  a  recent  list  of  books 
for  Boy  Scouts  both  give  prices  and  sugges- 
tions as  to  purchasing  books  from  dealers. 
The  librarian  at  Kansas  City  reports  that  in 
1908,  while  he  was  librarian  at  St.  Joseph, 
Mo.,  he  distributed  10,000  copies  of  a  priced 
list  of  industrial  arts  books.  Notwithstanding 
the  fact  that  all  the  books  were  in  the  library 
the  local  booksellers  reported  very  heavy  calls 
for  titles  under  each  of  the  occupations  cov- 
ered by  the  list.  An  example  of  co-operation 
on  the  part  of  a  manufacturer  of  filing  de- 
vices and  bookcases  is  the  issuing  by  the 
Globe- Wernicke  Company  of  an  attractive  list, 
"The  World's  Best  Books."  This  list  includes 
most  of  the  famous  lists  of  titles,  such  as 
those  compiled  by  Sir  John  Lubbock,  Presi- 
dent Eliot,  Colonel  Roosevelt,  etc.  This  firm 
reports  that  it  has  furnished  over  750,000 
copies  of  this  pamphlet  to  more  than  500  dif- 
ferent libraries  for  distribution.  The  libraries 
distributing  them  have  included  those  at  Spo- 
kane, Minneapolis,  Cleveland,  Chicago,  New- 
ark, Jacksonville,  Atlanta,  Washington,  Den- 
ver, Springfield,  Mass.,  etc.  Undoubtedly  the 


330 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


distribution  of  this  list  has  influenced  not 
simply  library  reading,  but  also  the  sale  of 
books. 

OR   DISTRIBUTE  ^ATTRACTIVE    PUBLISHERS' 
CATALOGS. 

For  years  I  have  followed  the  plan  when- 
ever a  particularly  attractive  publisher's  classi- 
fied list  of  tfooks  came  to  my  desk  of  asking 
the  publisher  to  furnish  the  library  quantities 
of  the  list  for  distribution.  If  the  library  had, 
or  could  afford  to  buy  all  or  nearly  all  the 
titles,  the  publisher  was  asked  to  supply  an 
imprint  edition,  or  the  list  was  stamped  "These 
books  are  in  the  Public  Library,"  or  "Most  of 
these  books  are  in  the  Public  Library,"  as  the 
case  might  be.  Thousands  of  such  advertis- 
ing pamphlets  have  been  distributed  and  as 
they  are  priced  they  are  undoubtedly  used 
as  personal  purchase  lists. 

HELPING  LIBRARY  PATRONS  IN  BOOK  BUYING. 

For  years  also  in  my  own  library,  in  com- 
mon with  other  public  libraries,  the  personal 
influence  of  the  librarian  and  his  assistants 
has  been  exerted  in  communicating  to  readers 
the  love  of  the  books  treasured  by  librarians 
(for  some  of  us  are  book  lovers  and  not 
simply  library  administrators  and  purveyors 
of  books)  that  leads  to  book  purchasing.  In 
our  reference  room  we  keep  a  copy  of  the 
United  States  catalog  for  the  principal  pur- 
pose of  helping  readers  to  look  up  the  prices 
of  books  with  a  view  to  purchase.  Librarians 
are  constantly  giving  personal  advice,  address- 
ing clubs  and  writing  for  newspapers  on  the 
subject  of  book  ownership.  Witness  a  recent 
brief  article  on  the  book  review  page  of  the 
St.  Louis  Post-Dispatch  by  Dr.  A.  E.  Bost- 
wick,  librarian  of  the  St.  Louis  Public  Library, 
with  the  caption  "A  Man's  Own  Library."  Just 
now  the  Cleveland  Public  Library,  in  an  effort 
to  help  poor  people  economize,  is  circulating 
large  numbers  of  Gibbs'  Economical  Cooking. 
In  each  copy  a  slip  is  pasted  saying  that  copies 
may  be  bought  at  the  principal  booksellers  at 
15  cents  each. 

If  I  have  made  my  points  that  the  library 
does  want  to  encourage  personal  book  owner- 
ship and  is  somewhat  widely  employing  meth- 
ods that  influence  such  ownership  it  remains 
for  me  only  to  make  a  few  suggestions;  in  con- 
clusion. 


Whenever  the  bookseller  is  convinced  that 
the  library's  help  is  worth  having,  is  it  unrea- 
sonable to  expect  that  he,  rather  than  the 
librarian,  will  make  the  first  move  toward 
establishing  co-operative  relations?  Remem- 
ber that  librarians  have  their  professional  dig- 
nities to  uphold  and  that  many  of  them  do 
not  often  care  to  risk  rebuffs.  Not  unnatural- 
ly many  librarians  would  be  quite  willing  to 
respond  to  suggestions  for  specific  co-opera- 
tion in  this  field  who  would  never  attempt  to 
initiate  it 

The  first  paper  yesterday  suggests  one  line 
of  co-operation.  It  appears  that  some  book 
stores  are  holding  staff  meetings  for  the  dis- 
cussion of  books,  just  as  libraries  are  holding 
meetings  of  their  staffs  for  the  same  purpose; 
also  that  you  have  a  school  for  training  sales- 
men and  saleswomen,  just  as  we  have  library 
training  schools  and  apprentice  classes.  I  sug- 
gest the  formation  of  local  leagues  composed 
jointly  of  library  and  bookselling  people  for 
the  interchange  of  ideas,  especially  to  increase 
knowledge  of  books  on  the  part  of  those  par- 
ticipating, in  order  the  better  to  increase  the 
love  of  books  in  our  common  constituencies. 

BOOKSELLER    SHOULD    SACRIFICE    PART    OF    PROFIT 
RATHER   THAN   LOSE  LIBRARY   TRADE. 

The  bookseller  should  strive  to  hold  the 
public  library  trade,  as  a  matter  of  pride 
as  an  efficient  bookman  in  the  community,  to 
help  swell  his  total  sales  and  thus  to  get  bet- 
ter discounts,  to  keep  the  bookseller  in  touch 
with  the  better  grade  of  books  such  as  the 
library  is  buying  and  in  order  to  know  what 
the  public  library  has,  in  expectation  that  the 
presence  of  the  book  in  the  library  will  create 
other  business.  The  bookseller  should,  if 
necessary  to  hold  it,  be  prepared  to  do  the 
library  business  at  a  smaller  profit  per  volume, 
realizing  that  the  library  is  a  large  buyer,  that 
all  library  accounts  are  collectible,  and  that  the 
library  purchases  first  and  last  for  replace- 
ments a  lot  of  so-called  "dead"  stock,— stock 
that  otherwise  could  not  be  sold.  With  a  spirit 
that  will  make  for  closer  co-operation  between 
the  two  associations  (the  American  Library 
Association  and  this  association)  it  should  not 
be  difficult  to  persuade  librarians  to  purchase 
from  local  dealers  more  generally  than  they 
do  at  present. 

Issue  lists  in  co-operation  with  the  library, 


June,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


33* 


sharing  the  cost,  agreeing  on  the  editions,  not 
with  reference  to  those  the  bookseller  has  in 
stock  (unless  they  are  acceptable  to  the  libra- 
rian), but  using  the  editions  recommended  by 
the  librarian.  The  librarian  should  in  turn  be 
willing  to  agree  to  editions  that  are  practicable, 
easily  obtainable,  and  of  which  the  sales  will 
yield  a  profit.  The  bookseller  should  then 
stock  the  titles,  or  at  least  secure  the  books 
promptly  on  order,  for  only  thus  can  he  keep 
faith  with  library  and  customers. 

Why  should  not  booksellers  generally  sub- 
scribe for  the  monthly  A.  L.  A.  Booklist, 
which  contains  the  books  approved  by  the 
American  Library  Association  for  library  pur- 
chase, use  it  for  suggestions  in  buying  stock, 
have  copies  for  consultation  by  customers,  and 
even  secure  imprint  editions  for  distribution 
among  the  most  discriminating  of  them?  Why 
cannot  the  booksellers  get  publishers  to  print 
on  the  wrappers  of  new  books  the  brief 
notices  contained  in  the  A.  L.  A.  Booklist  in- 
stead of  some  of  the  puffery  now  used? 

THE  PROPOSED  BOY   SCOUT   LIBRARY. 

The  management  of  the  Boy  Scouts  of 
America  has  made  arrangements  with  the 
largest  reprint  firm  in  the  country  to  issue  at 
low  prices  reprint  editions  of  books  found 
successful  by  libraries  and  selected  and  ap- 
proved by  a  committee  of  professional  libra- 
rians to  compete  with  and  drive  out  the  weak 
stuff  now  published  as  Boy  Scout  books.  Will 
the  booksellers  co-operate  by  pushing  these 
books? 

Finally  let  me  appeal  to  every  bookseller  as 
an  influential  member  of  his  own  community 
not  to  regard  the  public  library  as  a  hostile 
influence,  something  to  be  tolerated  and  to 
be  supported  only  under  protest,  but  to  be 
an  enthusiastic  library  supporter.  Support  the 
library  because  it  deserves  your  support  as  a 
citizen ;  support  it  because  it  is  making  readers 
and  probable  book  buyers;  support  it,  if  for 
no  other  reason,  because  the  library  needs  in 
your  town  and  everywhere  far  more  books 
than  it  is  ever  able  to  buy  and  a  far  larger 
number  of  copies  of  books,  replaced  oftener 
with  clean  copies.  The  book  purchases  of  the 
libraries  of  the  country  total  no  small  figure; 
they  should  be  many  times  larger  and  you 
should  sell  them  the  books. 


ADDITIONS  TO  SPECIAL  COLLECTIONS 
BY    W.     DAWSON    JOHNSTON,    Librarian    of 

Columbia   University 

THIS  supplement  to  the  report  on  "Special 
collections  in  libraries  in  the  U.  S.,"  issued 
by  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Education  last  au- 
tumn, includes  information  regarding  (i)  new 
collections  added  to  libraries,  (2)  collections 
which  have  increased  notably  during  the  past 
year,  and  (3)  collections  which  have  been 
made  more  available  by  published  catalogs. 

Among  collections  of  general  value  recently 
described  in  published  catalogs  are  the  fol- 
lowing : 

Library  of  Congress,  Checklist  of  American 
iSth  century  newspapers  in  the  Library 
of  Congress.  1912.  186  p. 
Virginia  State  Library,  A  list  of  newspapers 
in  the  Virginia  State  Library,  Confederate 
Museum  and  Valentine  Museum.  Rich- 
mond, 1912.  425  p.  with  local  and  chrono- 
logical list. 

Harvard  University  has  acquired  the  Wide- 
ner  collection  described  in  Catalogue  of 
some  of  the  more  important  mss.  and 
drawings  in  the  library  of  H.  E.  Widener. 
Phila.,  priv.  pr.,  1910.  102  copies. 

PHILOSOPHY,   PSYCHOLOGY,  RELIGION 

Hebrew  Union  College,  Cincinnati.  A  Spin- 
oza collection,  424  y.,  including  a  nearly 
complete  collection  of  original  editions  and 
translations  of  Spinoza's  writings. 

Columbia  University.  Wundt  collection,  138 
v.,  including  119  y.  by  Wundt. 

New  York  State  Library.  A  collection  of 
material  relating  to  the  Shakers,  58  v.,  340 
pamphlets,  50  broadsides,  and  133  mss. 

Union  Theological  Seminary,  New  York. 
Moral  and  religious  education,  900  v.,  in 
addition  to  numerous  lesson  series. 

HISTORY,    GEOGRAPHY 

Library  of  Congress.  Checklist  of  American 
iSth  century  newspapers  in  the  Library  of 
Congress.  1912.  186  p. 

New  York  State  Library.  The  Edward  Eg- 
gleston  collection  on  American  colonial 
history,  2500  v.,  especially  strong  in  works 
relating  to  the  American  Indians. 

New  York  Public  Library.  North  American 
Indians,  1000  v. 

New  York  State  Library.  The  William 
Beer  collection  of  300  atlases  and  2967 
maps  and  charts,  especially  rich  in  mate- 
rial relating  to  the  Spanish  part  of  North 
America. 

Virginia  State  Library,  Richmond.  List  of 
the  official  publications  of  the  Confederate 
state  government  in  the  Virginia  State 
Library  and  the  library  of  the  Confederate 
Memorial  Literary  Society.  1912.  47-65  p. 

University  of  North  Carolina.  North  Caro- 
lina collection  now  numbers  2058  v. 

Library  of  Congress  collections  relating  to 
the  history  of  Mexico  now  number  1000  v. 


332 


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[June,  1913 


and  400  p. ;  of  Central  America,  700  v. 
and  200  p. 

New  York  Public  Library.  List  of  works 
relating  to  the  West  Indies.  1912.  392  p. 
From  its  Bulletin,  Jan.-Aug.,  1912. 

Harvard  University.  Brazil  history,  prob- 
ably unrivaled  in  this  country.  Includes  a 
collection  of  broadside  laws  and  decrees, 
1808  on,  400  items. 

Library  of  Congress.  Ihe  Napoleonic  col- 
lection of  the  late  Major  Karow,  300  v. 

Harvard  University  possesses  nearly  all  the 
works  listed  in  Luigi  Manzoni,  Biblio gratia 
degli  statuti,  ordini  e  leggi  dei  municipii 
italiani.  Bologna,  1876-9.  2  v. 

Harvard  University.  Portuguese  history, 
probably  unrivaled  in  this  country.  In- 
cludes the  Gazetas  de  Lisboa,  1715  on. 

New  York  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History.  Arctic  exploration,  scientific 
travels,  400  v.,  including  200  v.  from  the 
collection  of  Albert  Operti.  Antarctic  ex- 
ploration, 100  v. 

SOCIAL    SCIENCE 

Library  of  Congress.  List  of  references  on 
the  conservation  of  natural  resources  in 
the  U.  S.  1912.  no  p. 

New  York  State  Library.  Thelibraryof  Pierre 
Emile  Levasseur,  the  French  economist, 
15,000  titles,  especially  strong  in  works  re- 
lating to  population,  colonies,  and  com- 
mercial geography. 

Johns  Hopkins  University.  Chartist  litera- 
ture. 

U.  S.  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  has  now 
nearly  complete  sets  of  the  reports  on  fac- 
tory inspection  of  all  foreign  countries; 
reports  on  strikes  and  lockouts  of  ten  for- 
eign countries ;  reports  of  industrial  con- 
ciliation and  arbitration  boards  in  this  and 
foreign  countries ;  good  collections  of  ma- 
terial on  cooperation,  prices  and  cost  of 
living,  industrial  insurance,  industrial  edu- 
cation, accident  prevention,  labor  legisla- 
tion and  immigration ;  nearly  complete  sets 
of  the  journals  and  proceedings  of  the  im- 
portant trade  unions  in  this  country  and 
files  of  American  labor  papers  for  recent 
years. 

Library  of  Congress.  List  of  references  on 
employer's  liability  and  workmen's  com- 
pensation. 1911.  196  p. 

Metropolitan  Life  Insurance  Library,  New 
York.  Workingmen's  insurance,  300  titles, 
of  which  about  200  are  German. 

Pittsburgh,  Carnegie  Library.  Housing.  1912. 
45  p.  From  its  Bulletin,  Dec.,  1911. 

Bureau  of  Railway  Economics,  Washington. 
List  of  references  to  publications  pertain- 
ing to  the  government  oumership  of  rail- 
ways. 1913.  16  p. 

New  York  State  Library.  The  library  of 
General  N.  R.  Curtis  relating  to  capital 
punishment,  300  titles. 

Library  of  Congress.  ^Select  list  of  refer- 
ences on  capital  punishment.  1912.  45  p. 


POLITICAL   SCIENCE,   LAW 

New  York  Public  Library.  List  of  charters, 
ordinances  and  collected  documents,  in  its 
Bulletin,  16:631-719,  799-&7I,  883-945;  i? : 
255-96,  Sept.,  Nov.,  Dec.,  1912;  Jan.,  1913. 

Library  of  Congress.  Select  list  of  refer- 
ences on  initiative,  referendum,  and  recall. 
1912.  102  p. 

Chicago  Public  Library.  Checklist  of  books 
and  pamphlets  on  municipal  government  in 
the  free  public  libraries  of  Chicago.  1911. 
44  p.,  800  titles. 

Harvard  University  Law  Library.  The 
Rawle  collection  of  Bar  Association  pro- 
ceedings, 800  v.  The  Harvard  collection 
is  now  believed  to  be  complete,  the  only 
complete  collection  in  existence. 

Massachusetts  State  Library.  Hand  list  of 
legislative  sessions  and  session  laws,  statu- 
tory revisions,  compilations,  codes,  etc., 
and  constitutional  conventions  of  the 
United  States  and  its  possessions  and  of 
the  several  states  to  May,  1912.  634  p. 

Harvard  University  Law  Library  acquired  a 
part  of  the  library  of  George  Dunn,  of 
Woolley  Hall,  near  Maidenhead,  Eng. 
Chiefly  early  English  statutes  and  legal 
mss.,  355  lots. 

New  York  State  Library.  A  complete  col- 
lection of  all  English  editions  of  Black- 
stone. 

Association  of  the  Bar,  New  York,  ac- 
quired the  library  of  J.  K.  Van  de  Cop- 
pello,  of  The  Hague,  2400  v.,  nearly  all  on 
Roman  law,  particularly  rich  in  old  texts 
of  the  I5th-I7th  centuries.  The  associa- 
tion's entire  collection  on  this  subject  num- 
bers about  3900  v. 

ART,  MUSIC 

St.  Louis  City  Art  Museum.  The  Russell 
Sturgis  collection  of  literature  on  the  fine 
arts,  4000  v. 

Check  list  of  references  on  city  planning,  in 
Special  Libraries,  3:61-123,  May,  1912.  A 
preliminary  check  list  based  on  material 
in  the  Library  of  Congress,  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, and  other  libraries. 

Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  New  York. 
Cochrane  collection  of  illuminated  orien- 
tal mss. 

New  York  Public  Library.  The  William  A. 
Spencer  collection  of  illustrated  books. 

Western  Reserve  Historical  Society,  Cleve- 
land, collection  on  the  history  of  costume. 

Brooklyn  Public  Library.  Music,  7000  v., 
including  1500  v.  on  music  and  5500  v.  of 
music. 

LITERATURE 

Columbia  University.  The  dramatic  library 
of  Professor  Brander  Matthews,  2568  v., 
including  American  drama,  650  v. ;  English, 
1065  v. ;  French,  545  v.  The  Sheridan  col- 
lection numbers  156  v.,  William  Dunlap,, 
25  plays. 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


333 


Metropolitan   Museum   of  Art,   New   York. 
Cochrane  collection  of  illuminated  Orien- 
tal mss. 
Library  of  Congress.     Deinard  collection  of 

Judaica,  9936  v. 

Wellesley  College.  The  George  Herbert 
Palmer  collection  of  first  editions  of  all 
English  translations  of  Homer's  Odyssey; 
listed  in  his  translation  published  in  1884, 
20  v. 

Chronological  list  of  Massachusetts  alma- 
nacs, 1639-1850,  by  Charles  L.  Nicols, 
American  Antiquarian  Society,  Proceed- 
ceedings,  22:41-134,  April,  1912.  Indicates 
location. 

University  of  Pennsylvania.  The  Joseph 
Jackson  collection  of  early  American 
drama,  363  plays,  representing  192  dram- 
atists, mostly  published  before  1865.  Among 
them  are  25  by  William  Dunlap  and  19  by 
John  Howard  Payne.  Old  Penn,  11:437-8, 
Dec.  28.  1912. 

Yale  University.  First  and  other  rare  edi- 
tions in  the  Elizabethan  Club  Library,  in 
its  library  report,  1912,  p.  52-59.  To  Mil- 
ton, p.  52-57. 

New  York  Public  Library.  English  alma- 
nacs of  the  i8th  and  I9th  centuries,  4000 
pieces. 

Harvard  University.  Early  editions  of  Defoe. 
Wellesley  College.  An  almost  complete  col- 
lection of  first  editions  of  the  works  of 
Robert  and  Elizabeth  Barrett  Browning, 
presented  by  Professor  G.  H.  Palmer,  86  v. 
Yale  University.  The  William  A.  Speck 
collection  of  Goetheana,  about  10,000  pieces, 
including  all  the  first  and  important  edi- 
tions, most  of  the  translations,  an  exten- 
sive collection  of  Goethe  portraits,  and  an 
almost  complete  collection  of  Goethe  med- 
als, etc. 

Columbia  University  now  has  a  collection  of 
German  literature  since  1871,  representing 
358  authors  and  numbering  745  titles  in 
1691  volumes. 

Brown  University  Library.  The  Dante  col- 
lection made  by  W.  Chambers,  an  English- 
man living  in  Florence,  2000  volumes  and 
pamphlets. 

SCIENCE 

Johns  Hopkins  University.  Abbe  meteor- 
ological collection. 

American  Chemical  Society,  New  York.  The 
library  is  especially  strong  in  chemical 
bibliography  and  is  complete  in  German 
dissertations  from  1882  to  date.  It  in- 
cludes 3250  v.  on  pure  chemistry  and  8850 
on  applied  chemistry. 

Library  of  Congress.  Henry  Carrington 
Bolton  collection  on  chemistry  and  al- 
chemy, 1631  v.,  described  in  Dr.  Bolton's 
Select  bibliography  of  chemistry,  Wash- 
ington, 1803,  p.  943-1067. 
N.  Y.  Botanical  Garden.  The  Charles  F. 
Cox  collection  of  Darwiniana,  236  items, 
includes  179  titles  of  books,  etc.,  by  Dar- 


win; Catalog  in  N.  Y.  Botanical  Garden 
Bulletin,  14:2-29,  Jan.,  1913. 

MEDICINE 

Washington  University,,  St.  Louis.  The  Ju- 
lius Pagel  collection,  2500  titles,  especially 
rich  in  works  dealing  with  the  history  of 
medicine  and  the  teaching  of  medicine. 

Yale  University.  List  of  medical  serials 
(including  public  health  reports}  in  the 
Yale  University  Library,  ^912,  p.  403-45. 

Columbia  University.  The  physiological  li- 
brary of  Professor  John  G.  Curtis,  3783  v., 
2838  pam. 

John  Crerar  Library.  Henry  Gradle  collec- 
tion on  the  eye  and  ear,  4000  v. 

AGRICULTURE;    ENGINEERING 

Cornell  University.  The  agricultural  library 
of  the  late  Professor  John  Craig,  said  to 
be  one  of  the  most  complete  and  valuable 
in  the  country,  5000  v. 

Seattle  Public  Library.  Harbors  and  docks. 
1913.  40  p. 

Library  of  Congress.  Select  list  of  refer- 
ences on  fire  prevention,  in  Special  Libra- 
ries, 4:28-39,  Feb.,  1913. 

John  Crerar  Library.  Octave  Chanute  col- 
lection on  aviation,  1500  v. 

Pittsburgh  Carnegie  Library.  Brick  manu- 
facture and  bricklaying.  1912.  32  p.  From 
its  Bulletin,  Jan.,  1912. 

N.  Y.  Public  Library.  List  of  works  relat- 
ing to  city  wastes  and  street  hygiene.  1912. 
55  p.  From  its  Bulletin,  16:731-83,  Oct., 
1912. 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology.  The 
G.  E.  Dering  collection  on  electrical  engi- 
neering, 30,000  v. 

American  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Co., 
New  York.  The  library  has  6500  v.,  of 
which  2500  v.  relate  to  the  scientific  and 
technical  aspects  of  telephony,  4000  v.  and 
p.  to  the  business  aspects. 

New  York  Public  Library.  The  Military 
Service  Institution  has  deposited  its  li- 
brary, 8000  v. 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology. 
Naval  architecture,  1774  v.  538  p. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Virginia  State  Library.  Finding  list  of 
books  relating  to  printing,  book  industries, 
libraries,  and  bibliography  in  the  Virginia 
State  Library.  233  p. 

N.  Y.  Public  Library.  Charles  C.  Beale 
shorthand  collection,  1884  v.,  2596  p.,  es- 
pecially strong  in  periodicals  and  in  early 
American  and  English  textbooks. 

Columbia  University.  The  shorthand  col- 
lection of  Rev.  Samuel  M.  Jackson,  166  v., 
289  pam. 

New  York  State  Library.  The  Adolf 
Growpll  collection  on  bookselling  and  ad- 
vertising, looo  titles. 

New  York  State  Library.  The  William 
Beer  collection  on  bibliography,  2300  v. 


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[June,  1913 


MEMORIAL   MEETING   IN    HONOR   OF 
JOHN   SHAW  BILLINGS 

ON  the  afternoon  of  Friday,  April  25,  1913, 
the  friends  of  Dr.  Billings  came  together  in 
the  Stuart  Gallery  of  the  New  York  Public 
Library  to  commemorate  his  life  and  services. 
His  leadership  in  varied  fields,  medicine,  bib- 
liography, and  library  science  was  described 
by  those  who  had  known  him  and  worked 
with  him,  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell,  Sir  William 
Osier,  Dr.  William  H.  Welch,  Andrew  Carnegie, 
Richard  R.  Bowker,  and  J.  L.  Cadwalader. 

For  the  library  and  bibliographical  portions, 
quotations  from  the  addresses  are  here  given. 

ADDRESS    BY    DR.    WEIR    MITCHELL 

Dr.  Mitchell  said,  in  part: 

"We  are  met  here  to-day  to  do  honor  to  a 
man  whose  modesty  prevented  the  general  pub- 
lic from  ever  understanding  how  remarkable 
was  the  personality  of  John  Shaw  Billings.  It 
is  in  itself  a  tribute  to  him  that  it  becomes 
necessary  to  devote  our  grateful  voices  to 
praise  him  and  to  invite  several  hundred  per- 
sons together  to  commemorate  on  this  notable 
occasion  the  various  forms  of  usefulness  which 
characterized  his  life  of  laborious  days.  We 
praise  those  who,  through  years  of  work,  at- 
tain a  high  level  of  achievement  in  any  one 
direction,  but  this  friend  of  whom  I  speak 
was  a  person  of  multiplied  potencies,  who  lav- 
ished on  his  way  through  life  opportunities  for 
wealth  and  fame,  any  one  of  which  would  have 
tempted  a  man  more  eager  than  he  for  riches 
or  more  avid  after  renown.  .  .  .  To  enable 
you  to  realize  how  early  was  the  development 
of  the  qualities  which  made  him  great,  I  go 
back  to  his  youth.  The  whole  story  has  un- 
usual interest,  and  like  the  rest  of  this  won- 
derful life,  should  be  told  at  length  in  a  biog- 
raphy which  would  be  brilliant  with  examples 
of  how  he  overcame  obstacles,  without  some 
knowledge  of  which  you  have  not  by  any 
means  the  whole  of  the  story  of  John  Shaw 
Billings. 

"It  falls  to  me  to  condense  this  necessary 
preface  to  what  I  have  to  say  of  his  surgical 
career.  This  man,  destined  to  be  so  great,  in 
the  fifteenth  year  of  his  boyhood  with  his  scanty 
savings  bought  a  Latin  dictionary  and  gram- 
mar and  resolutely  taught  himself  that  tongue 
in  order  that  he  might  not  be  puzzled  with 
occasional  Latin  quotations  he  came  upon  in 
his  reading,  which  already  was  beginning  to 
be  extensive.  With  small  amounts  saved  from 
his  earnings  from  tutoring  in  the  summers  he 
passed  through  Miami  University,  receiving 
the  A.B.  degree  in  1857.  In  his  last  year  at 
college  he  added  to  his  resources  in  a  rather 
significant  way,  on  account  of  his  youth.  A 
showman,  who  was  exhibiting  pictures  on  a 
screen  to  country  audiences  in  Indiana,  was 
so  embarrassed  by  his  inability  to  explain  them 
while  he  used  the  machinery  of  the  show  that 
Dr.  Billings  offered  to  assist  him;  and  so  this 
young  fellow  during  the  summer  went  with 


the  showman  from  place  to  place,  lecturing  on 
whatever  pictures  were  exhibited  on  whatever 
lands  they  portrayed.  How  he  prepared  him- 
self, or  with  what  imagination  he  went  into 
these  stories,  I  do  not  know.  In  this  way  he 
acquired  enough  to  carry  him  through  the 
academic  work  and  to  enter  the  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Ohio,  whence  he  was  graduated  in 
1860.  During  the  period  of  his  medical  study 
he  was  enabled  to  pay  his  way  by  taking  care 
of  the  dissecting  room,  no  very  agreeable  task, 
and  by  living  in  the  college  itself.  Of  all  these 
years  of  privation  he  spoke  to  me  once  or 
twice  a  little  sadly,  with  assurances  of  his  be- 
lief that  he  never  altogether  recovered  from 
the  effect  of  one  winter  in  which  he  lived  on 
seventy-five  cents  a  week,  chiefly,  as  he  told 
me,  on  milk  and  eggs.  After  completing  his 
course  in  medicine  in  1860  he  became  more  at 
ease."  Dr.  Mitchell  then  spoke  at  length  of 
Dr.  Billings's  services  during  the  war. 

ADDRESS    BY    SIR    WILLIAM    OSLER 

Sir  William  Osier  paid  especial  tribute  to 
Dr.  Billings'  bibliographical  achievement:  "I 
speak  of  Dr.  Billings  with  the  reverence  in- 
spired by  a  friendship  of  nearly  thirty  years, 
and  I  bring  officially  the  appreciative  recogni- 
tion of  his  great  work  of  the  Bibliographical 
Society  of  Great  Britain,  of  which  he  was  a 
much  esteemed  honorary  member  and  of  which 
I  happen  to  be  president. 

"Of  only  one  aspect  of  Dr.  Billings'  work 
I  can  speak  with  full  knowledge.  As  a  medical 
bibliographer  he  occupies  a  unique  position. 
There  have  been  great  students  of  medical  lit- 
erature since  Conrad  Gesner,  the  Swiss  Pliny, 
wrote  his  famous  "Bibliotheca  universalis"— 
Haller,  Ploucquet,  Haeser,  Young,  Eloy,  Boyle, 
Forbes  and  Watt — but  their  labors  are  Lilli- 
putian in  comparison  with  the  Gargantuan  un- 
dertaking which  occupied  the  spare  moments 
in  some  thirty  yeans  of  Dr.  Billings'  life.  It 
is  interesting  that  the  conception  of  a  great 
bibliography  should  have  come  to  him  while  a 
young  man.  In  a  paper  on  early  reminiscences 
he  speaks  of  an  aspiration  'to  establish  for  the 
use  of  American  physicians  a  fairly  complete 
medical  library,  and  in  connection  with  this  to 
prepare  a  comprehensive  catalog  and  index 
which  should  spare  medical  teachers  and 
writers  the  drudgery  of  consulting  ten  thou- 
sand or  more  different  indexes  or  turning  over 
the  leaves  of  as  many  volumes  to  find  a  dozen 
or  so  references  of  which  they  might  be  in 
search.' 

"The  opportunity  came  in  1864,  when  he  was 
assigned  to  duty  in  the  Surgeon-General's  Of- 
fice. There  had  been  a  few  volumes  con- 
nected with  the  office  since  the  days  of  Sur- 
geon-General Lovell  in  1836,  and  during  the 
war  additions  were  made  by  Surgeon-General 
Hammond  and  by  Drs.  Otis  and  Woodward — 
names  memorable  in  the  history  of  American 
medicine;  but  supported  ably  in  his  efforts 
by  successive  surgeons-general  and  liberal 
grants  from  Congress  Dr.  Billings  was  able  in 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


335 


a  few  years  to  collect  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  complete  medical  libraries  in  the  world. 
In  1895,  when  he  retired,  there  were  308,445 
volumes  and  pamphlets  and  4335  portraits ; 
and  at  the  present  time  the  library  is  the 
largest  of  its  kind  in  the  world,  containing 
upwards  of  half  a  million  volumes  and  more 
than  5000  portraits. 

"A  single  volume  catalog  was  issued  in  1872, 
a  three  volume  one  in  1873-74,  and  in  1876 
his  big  plan  took  shape  in  a  'specimen  fasci- 
culus' of  a  new  catalog.  After  four  years  of 
hard  work,  in  which  he  was  greatly  helped 
by  Dr.  Robert  Fletcher,  volume  i  of  the  'Index 
catalogue'  was  issued,  and  thereafter  year  by 
year  volumes  appeared  with  extraordinary  reg- 
ularity, and  in  1895  series  I  was  completed — 
fifteen  great  volumes  each  of  nearly  1000  pages. 
No  undertaking  in  bibliography  of  the  same 
magnitude  dealing  with  a  special  subject  had 
even  been  issued,  and  its  extraordinary  value 
was  at  once  appreciated  all  over  the  wodd. 
The  second  series  followed  the  first,  and  is 
now  rapidly  approaching  completion. 

"While  the  catalog  only  represents  the  con- 
tents of  the  Surgeon-General's  Library,  it 
really  is  an  exhaustive  index  of  medical  liter- 
ature. So  general  were  Dr.  Billings'  interests 
that  all  departments  of  medicine  are  repre- 
sented, and  there  is  not  a  subject,  as  there  is 
scarcely  an  author  of  note,  ancient  or  modern, 
not  in  the  catalog." 

Dr.  William  M.  Welch  then  spoke  of  Dr. 
Billings'  influence  in  the  medical  world,  his 
advocacy  of  the  new  barracks-like  style  of 
hospital,  and  his.  contributions  to  sanitary 
science. 

ADDRESS   BY    MR.    CARNEGIE 

Life  and  death,  the  twin  mysteries  of  all 
forms,  from  the  blade  of  grass  to  the  human 
brain,  are  ever  crowding  upon  us — ever  re- 
maining unsolved.  We  can  only  bow  in  si- 
lence to  the  inevitable.  Better  so — better  so. 
When  one  of  our  circle,  possessed  of  unusual 
gifts  and  the  master  of  great  agencies  of  pro- 
gress, passes  away  and  is  to  us  lost  apparently 
forever,  we  murmur,,  "Why — oh,  why?"  No 
answer  comes.  We  gather  to-day  upon  such  an 
occasion,  and  bowing  our  heads  and  hearts 
we  murmur  acquiescence  to  this  stern  decree 
of  loss,  beyond  our  ken,  which  it  may  be  folly 
to  question.  We  bow  to  the  inevitable,  and 
taking  up  again  the  duties  of  life  which  lie  be- 
fore us,  we  labor  in  the  path  of  duty,  awaiting 
our  summons  hence.  May  we  follow  the  ex- 
ample of  our  friend,  whose  loss  to-day  we 
mourn. 

His  was  a  long  and  arduous  task,  resolutely 
performed  from  beginning  to  end  for  man's 
elevation  and  advancement.  Beginning  in  1857, 
by  graduating  from  Miami  University,  then 
receiving  his  degree  in  medicine  in  1860,  he 
entered  the  army,  and  rose  from  station  to  sta- 
tion, as  medical  officer,  until  called  to  Wash- 


ington in  1864,  he  was  placed  in  charge  of 
various  important  works,  each  performed  in 
succession  with  such  masterly  skill  as  to  lead 
to  other  appointments,  until  Dr.  Billings  stood 
foremost  in  his  wide  domain,  his  crowning 
service  at  last  being  rendered  to  this  magnifi- 
cent unequalled  library  in  which  we  now  stand 
and  which  must  ever  be  associated  with  his 
genius — yes,  genius — I  can  use  no  word  less 
inspiring.  The  directorship  in  this  library,  his 
crowning  work,  brought  me  into  close  contact 
with  him  whose  loss  we  mourn,  and  so  deeply 
did  his  abilities  impress  me  we  ventured  to 
ask  his  advice  upon  founding  the  institution  of 
research  at  Washington,  which  has  been  re- 
ferred to  here.  We  found  him  the  master,  as 
if  he  had  studied  the  problem  for  years,  and 
to-day  to  him  we  are  indebted  for  its  success- 
ful establishment  with  Prof.  Gillman  in  com- 
mand. Upon  Mr.  Gillman's  assignment  else- 
where, as  successor  the  present  head  was  found 
and  recommended  by  Dr.  Billings,  then  chair- 
man of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and  Prof. 
Woodward  has  more  than  fulfilled  our  most 
sanguine  expectations. 

Knowledge  is  said  to  consist  of  two  elements : 
what  you  yourself  know  and,  second,  what  you 
know  how  and  where  to  obtain,  and  of  both 
departments  our  dear  friend  was  master.  Apart 
from  his  wonderful  powers  of  the  brain,  his 
heart  was  tender,  and  many  a  tired  or  labored 
employe  feels  to-day  he  has  lost  a  loving  and 
tender  friend.  He  was  always  just,  always 
considerate;  a  man  of  both  head  and  heart, 
and  during  his  long,  useful,  pure  and  note- 
worthy life  it  was  a  privilege  to  know  him,  as 
an  example  we  should  do  well  to  treasure  and 
follow.  For  of  him  it  can  be  truly  said,  he 
lived  a  kindly  pure  life,  above  reproach;  and 
by  faithful  administration  of  great  tasks  com- 
mitted to  himj^  surrounded  by  tributes  of 
friends,  he  left  the  world  better  than  he  found 
it.  If  the  highest  worship  of  God  be  service 
to  man,  there  he  stands — his  service  to  man 
has  been  testified  to  by  the  leading  authorities 
in  different  positions  to-day.  When  shall  we 
look  upon  his  like  again  ?  We,  his  sorrowing 
friends  assembled  here  to  honor  his  memory, 
have  never  known  one  of  whom  it  can  be  more 
safely  predicted, 

"If   there's   another   world,   he   lives   in   bliss, 
Because  he   made  the  best  of  this." 

ADDRESS    BY    MR.    BOWKER 

We  come  not  to  bury  a  great  man,  but  to 
praise  him,  to  declare  that  his  spirit  cannot  be 
buried  in  the  grave.  I  bring,  to  the  memory 
of  John  Shaw  Billings,  though  sadly  yet  with 
rejoicing,  on  behalf  of  the  American  Library 
Association,  of  which  he  was  a  past  president, 
of  the  New  York  State  Library  Association, 
of  the  New  York  Library  Club,  of  Avhich  also 
he  had  been  president,  the  homage  of  the  li- 
brary profession,  and,  as  a  trustee  of  the  sister 
library  system  in  Brooklyn,  the  tribute  of  all 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913, 


who  are  interested  in  library  work.  Sadly  I 
say,  because  his  great  personality  is  shrouded 
from  our  mortal  sight  beyond  the  mists  and 
mystery  of  death,  yet  with  rejoicing  because 
from  the  years  that  are  told  there  will  be  abid- 
ing and  eternal  influence  through  the  years 
that  are  to  come.  Dr.  Billings  was  a  great  li- 
brarian because  he  was  a  great  man.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  executive  profession,  whose 
members — it  may  be  a  great  banker,  a  great 
merchant,  a  great  manufacturer,  a  great  law- 
yer, a  great  bishop,  a  great  president,  a  great 
librarian — are  always  leaders,  commanders  of 
men  and  of  affairs.  He  did  many  things  well ; 
he  could  have  done  almost  anything  well.  He 
had  an  instinct  for  books,  the  keen  eye  and  the 
sure  touch  for  the  value  of  them;  and  this 
brought  him  into  that  part  of  his  life  work  of 
which  I  have  to  speak.  Years  ago,  Oliver 
Wendell  Holmes,  describing  a  visit  of  Dr. 
Billings  to  his  private  library  in  Cambridge, 
told  how  he  came  into  the  room,  looked  around, 
darted  at  a  book,  which  was  the  most  valuable 
volume  on  the  shelves,  examined  it,  replaced 
it,  took  another  survey  and  made  tracks  for 
a  second  book,  which  was  the  second  most 
valuable  book  in  the  collection;  and  Dr. 
Holmes  twinkled:  "Why,  sir,  Dr.  Billings  is  a 
bibliophile  of  such  eminence  that  I  regard  him 
as  a  positive  danger  to  the  owner  of  a  library, 
if  he  is  ever  let  loose  in  it  alone."  But  Dr. 
Billings'  probity  would  stand  even  that  test. 

With  this  instinct  for  books,  when  toward 
the  close  of  the  war,  at  27,  he  came  to  the 
Surgeon-General's  Office,  he  had  the  great 
vision  of  the  growth  of  the  few  hundred  books 
of  that  day  into  the  great  medical  library 
which  is  now  one  of  his  monuments,  the  great- 
est in  the  world,  with  its  round  half-million 
books  and  pamphlets.  From  this  came  the 
great  subject  catalog  which  is  his  triumph 
in  bibliography,  and  from  this  in  turn  came, 
in  association  with  that  other  bibliographical 
enthusiast,  Frederick  Leypoldt,  the  "Index 
medicus,"  so  that  at  one  time  he  had  going  on 
three  enterprises  of  which  each  in  itself  would 
tax  the  strength  of  any  one  strong  man.  Our 
library  friend,  MacAlister  of  London,  tells  of 
how  after  the  close  of  a  long  and  arduous  offi- 
cial day  he  once  found  Dr.  Billings  "resting," 
on  his  couch,  with  a  monument  of  medical 
periodicals  on  the  right,  which  were  slowly 
diminishing  while  he  carefully  marked  the  in- 
dexing of  the  periodical  of  the  moment  in 
whatever  language  it  might  be,  and  made  it 
part  of  the  increasing  monument  on  the  left. 
This  was  an  example  of  his  untiring  "rest." 
It  ^  was  the  same  library  friend  to  whom  he 
said  once,  when  MacAlister  was  wondering  at 
the  extent  of  his  work,  "I  will  let  you  into  the 
secret.  There  is  nothing  really  difficult  if  you 
only  begin.  Some  people  contemplate  a  task 
until  it  looms  so  big  it  seems  impossible.  But 
I  just  begin,  and  it  gets  done  somehow.  There 
would  be  no  coral  islands  if  the  first  bug  sat 
down  and  began  to  wonder  how  the  job  was 
to  be  done."  This  is  pleasant  illustration,  both 


of  the  doctor's  method  and  of  the  genial  humor 
of  which  many  knew  little. 

After  his  thirty  years'  work  in  the  Surgeon- 
General's  Office  and  his  retirement  from  the 
army  he  took  up,  as  you  have  heard,  what  he 
thought  was  the  final  work  of  his  life,  in  con- 
nection with  the  professorship  of  hygiene  in 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  But  a  new 
and  final  chapter,  perhaps  the  greatest  chapter 
in  his  life,  was  to  open.  For  in  1895  he  was 
called  to  the  directorship  of  the  New  York 
Public  Library,  on  the  Astor,  Lenox  and  Til- 
den  Foundations.  It  is  the  business  of  a  board 
of  trustees,  whether  library  or  other,  to  find  the 
right  executive  for  their  work  and  then  to 
support  him.  That  the  trustees  of  this  library 
did  in  finding  Dr.  Billings,  and  we  have  here 
the  monument  of  the  seventeen  years  of  growth 
which  have  come  so  largely  from  their  wise 
decision.  Si  monumentum  videre  circumspice. 
He  came  to  this  work  at  the  age  of  fifty-eight, 
when  most  men  begin  to  think  of  resting  from 
their  labors.  He  found  the  Astor  Library,  and 
the  Lenox  Library  as  well,  in  archaic  condi- 
tion, with  books  shelved  in  fixed  location,  with 
incomplete  and  incongruous  catalogs,  a  staff 
of  only  forty  persons,  and  short  hours  and 
short  shrift  for  the  public.  Not  satisfied  with 
either  of  the  standard  classifications  for  a 
large  library,  he  worked  out  an  individual  sys- 
tem of  classification  and  arrangement,  brought 
together,  standardized,  completed,  and  unified 
catalogs  for  both  libraries,  and  made  corre- 
sponding development  everywhere.  The  first 
thought  of  the  trustees  was  for  an  adequate 
central  building,  and  in  1897  Dr.  Billings 
roughed  out  a  post-card  plan  for  this  library, 
which  will  remain  among  its  most  treasured 
possessions,  embodying  as  it  does  the  essential 
features  of  this  great  building,  with  its  re- 
markable coordination  in  location  of  the  many 
special  libraries  which  it  comprises.  He  saw 
the  need  of  a  wide  branch  system,  and  planned 
the  consolidation  into  the  system  of  the  eleven 
branches  of  the  free  circulating  library ;  and 
now,  thanks  to  the  splendid  donation  of  $5,000,- 
ooo  for  which  the  city  has  to  thank  Mr.  Car- 
negie's confidence  in  Dr.  Billings  as  his  library 
adviser,  there  are  fifty  branches,  bringing  to- 
gether into  a  centralized  system  nearly  all  of 
the  lesser  libraries  previously  existent.  At 
last,  two  years  ago,  his  work  was  crowned  by 
the  completion  of  this  magnificent  building,  and 
the  remarkable  removal  to  it  of  the  million 
volumes  now  housed  here,  with  a  staff  of  near- 
ly a  thousand  people,  here  and  throughout  the 
branches,  serving  the  public  during  every 
working  hour  of  the  day,  and  with  such  facil- 
ities of  public  service  as  almost  to  realize  the 
dream  of  the  ideal  library.  Throughout  all 
this  his  was  the  master  mind.  He  worked 
with  such  ease  that  it  scarcely  seemed  work  to 
others,  and  only  his  associates,  and  those  who 
were  nearest  to  him,  knew  fully  the  largeness, 
the  foresight,  the  kindness,  and  the  sympathy 
of  this  great  librarian. 

It    will    perhaps    especially    surprise    you    to 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


337 


know  how  intimately  he  related  himself  with 
the  children's  work,  being  the  wisest  and  most 
sympathetic  counsellor  which  the  department 
had.  In  fact,  all  through  his  life  he  made  it 
his  business  to  know  about  children's  books  for 
the  sake  of  the  smaller  people  of  his  household, 
reading  even  the  "Elsie  books"  with  them  in 
mind.  He  was  so  interested  in  the  "Story- 
telling hour"  that  when  the  National  Academy 
of  Sciences  met  in  this  city  he  begged  the  head 
of  the  children's  department  to  arrange  a  story- 
telling hour  for  their  benefit,  and  so  "Ole  Mr. 
Kangaroo,"  "Why  the  sea  is  salt,"  and  other 
examples  of  evolutionary  folk-lore  delighted 
the  wiseacres  who  came  to  New  York.  All 
through  his  library  work  he  showed  the  most 
exact  and  comprehensive  knowledge  of  affairs 
large  and  in  detail,  and  he  went  beyond  this 
library  to  coordinate  other  libraries  here  and 
everywhere.  I  recall  that  when  the  libraries 
of  the  United  Engineering  Societies  were  ready 
to  be  unified  in  the  Carnegie  building,  the  en- 
gineers somehow  had  the  impression  that  the 
public  library  authorities  were  rather  offish.  I 
arranged  to  bring  the  chairman  of  the  engi- 
neers' committee  to  a  conference  with  Dr. 
Billings,  and  almost  the  first  thing  that  the 
doctor  said  was,  "Well,  tell  us  what  you  want 
to  do  and  we  will  do  the  other  things,"  and 
out  of  that  came  the  harmonious  cooperation 
which  makes  the  great  engineering  library 
across  the  street  virtually  a  part  of  this  great 
library,  and  both  of  mutual  benefit  to  all  Amer- 
ican engineers.  He  was  consulted  about  the 
choice  of  a  librarian  for  that  library,  and  when 
Mr.  Cutter's  name  was  mentioned,  it  was  most 
interesting  to  note  how  much  he  knew  of  the 
details  of  Mr.  Cutter's  life  and  work,  and  how 
thoroughly  he  approved  of  the  suggestion. 

Throughout  the  seventeen  years  he  kept 
everyone  in  mind.  Sometimes  he  did  the  work 
of  an  official  or  of  a  department  to  know  what 
details  that  official  or  department  was  doing, 
and  when  there  was  to  be  a  promotion  he 
would  in  passing  through  the  library  stop  at 
the  desk  and  say,  "Your  work  has  been  well 
done,  and  there  will  be  a  little  change  in  your 
salary,  and  you  will  have  this  or  that  position," 
and  he  left  his  hearer  with  the  genial  glow  in 
his  heart.  Not  many  knew  how  many  of  these 
human  qualities  the  dear  doctor  had,  nor  can 
those  of  us  who  knew  him  well  communicate 
this  knowledge  to  others.  He  was  human, 
and  nothing  that  was  dear  to  man  was  foreign 
to  him. 

We  shall  not  look  upon  his  like  again — be- 
cause there  is  always  the  new  man  for  the  new 
work,  but  the  new  man  in  the  library  field 
must  always  be  inspired  by  the  example  of  the 
splendid  work  which  Dr.  Billings  has  left  to 
the  profession.  Happily  he  was  honored  in 
his  life.  Universities  and  medical  societies  all 
over  the  world,  from  Miami  to  Buda-Pesth, 
honored  him.  He  had  perhaps  more  degrees 
than  almost  any  other  man,  except  possibly 
Ambassador  Bryce  and  the  Rector  of  St.  An- 
drews, who  enjoys  the  unique  and  supreme 


degree  of  the  Carnegie  Self-Education  Insti- 
tute, the  parent  of  all  the  Carnegie  institutions. 
Dr.  Billings  was  first  and  foremost  the  sol- 
dier, if  by  true  soldier  we  mean  fortitude, 
valor,  courage,  persistence,  and  all  those  quali- 
ties which  go  to  make  the  highest  man.  But 
he  was  a  soldier  for  the  common  good,  a  sol- 
dier of  peace,  rather  than  of  war.  He  fought 
three  great  campaigns,  one  for  the  public 
health,  one  for  public  enlightenment,  one  that 
closer  personal  fight  with  disease  and  threaten- 
ing death  that  tested  his  fortitude  to  the  ut- 
most. He  suffered  in  hospital  more  wounds 
than  most  soldiers  in  the  fiercest  war.  Twice 
he  underwent  operations  for  cancer,  conceal- 
ing even  from  his  wife  the  seriousness  of  his 
malady  by  saying  that  he  was  taking  a  hospital 
vacation.  In  the  latter  years  of  his  life  he 
was  probably  seldom  without  pain,  and  sleep 
was  to  great  extent  denied  him;  yet  all  this 
never  seemed  to  interfere  with  his  work,  and 
he  still  read  a  novel  or  two  after  the  day's 
work  as  "the  best  of  soporifics."  He  had 
planned  to  retire  this  very  month ;  but  after  all 
he  died,  as  he  desired,  in  the  harness,  work- 
ing up  to  the  last  week.  He  went  to  his  death 
unflinchingly,  for  though  he  still  maintained 
with  his  associates  his  fearless  equipoise,  he 
confessed  to  a  friend  his  inward  fears  of  the 
gravity  of  the  last  operation.  Part  of  his  dis- 
cipline he  got  in  the  army;  but  after  all  the 
discipline  of  his  life  was  not  in  the  army,  but 
in  the  ordeals  of  peace.  And  when  we  hear 
that  war  is  necessary  as  the  only  school  for  those 
great  qualities,  let  us  have  the  faith  to  believe 
that  soldiers  like  Billings,  those  of  peace  rather 
than  of  war,  are  the  men  who  are  to  stand  in 
the  making  of  the  future  as  these  great  libra- 
ries become  the  arsenals  of  progress  and  the 
library  systems  of  which  his  is  the  most 
splendid  example,  become  the  great  schools 
for  the  future  of  men. 

CLOSING  REMARKS  BY  MR.  CADWALADER 

"We  have  heard  from  various  co-workers 
and  friends  of  Dr.  Billings  as  to  the  various 
fields  of  activity  in  which  our  friend  was  en- 
gaged. 

"Perhaps,  closing  these  proceedings,  you  may 
permit  me  to  say  a  single  word  as  to  the  rela- 
tion of  Dr.  Billings  toward  ourselves — I  refer 
to  the  New  York  Public  Library.  I  first  made 
Dr.  Billings'  acquaintance  in  1895,  when  the 
various  arrangements  were  in  progress  for 
the  consolidation  of  the  three  libraries,  which 
ultimately  became  the  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary. At  that  time  Dr.  Billings  was  occupy- 
ing the  position  to  which  we  have  referred 
here  and  was  gently  resting,  holding  a  single 
office  only  as  professor  of  hygiene  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  a  distinguished  office, 
but  at  the  same  time  no  single  place  was  at  all 
sufficient  for  the  energy  of  Dr.  Billings.  The 
general  scheme  here  had  been  worked  out. 
The  various  complicated,  legal  and  other  steps 
were  in  progress  and  the  construction  of  the 
building  was  contemplated  upon  this  present 


338 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


.site.  We  possessed  large  resources,  unlimited 
law'  and  architecture,  private  interest  and  sym- 
pathy, public  support,  and  competent  workers 
in  the  board  of  trustees  and  otherwise  to 
make  this  scheme  successful. 

"What  we  required  was  a  man,  a  man  of 
unusual  breadth  of  mind,  of  character  and 
capacity,  around  whom,  as  a  leading  figure,  all 
interests  could  gather,  and  whose  unusual 
power  and  skill  could  fuse  these  invaluable 
elements  for  the  public  good. 

"As  happens  in  American  life,  that  man  was 
found.  He  had  retired  from  the  army,  and  was 
reposing  in  a  professorship  which  he  held  else- 
where. The  idle  spear  and  shield  were  hung 
up  high/ 

"Dr.  Billings  saw  at  once  the  possibilities 
of  the  position,  and  his  whole  intelligence 
leaped  into  activity  the  moment  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  with  great  liberality  released 
him  from  its  service.  This  stalwart,  grave  and 
somewhat  distant  man — stalwart  in  mind  _as  he 
was  in  body — found  at  last  the  opportunity  of 
concentrating  his  energy,  learning,  and  ex- 
perience upon  his  final  and  perhaps  his  most 
attractive  task  in  life. 

"How  well  he  performed  that  office  we  well 
know.  To  attempt  here  to  enumerate  the 
steps  is  quite  impossible.  It  is  enough  to  say 
that  he  prepared  the  competition  for  the  ex- 
terior, and  with  his  own  hands  the  plans  of 
this  building  as  it  now  exists.  He  organized 
the  system  by  which  the  reference  library  was 
enlarged,  cataloged  and  classified.  He  sur- 
rounded himself  with  a  devoted  staff  and  he 
himself  became  the  active  living  head.  We 
caught  the  infection  of  his  energy,  and  he 
would  have  been  a  poor  soul  who  made  no 
effort  to  trot  as  he  strode  forward  with 
gigantic  steps. 

"With  clear  foresight  he  saw  that  reference 
work  alone  would  not  sufficiently  attract  or 
satisfy  the  public  eye  and  purse,  and  that  a 
circulation  system  must  be  added  to  reach 
all  classes. 

"On  making  his  plan  public,  every  agency, 
including  every  faith  and  sect,  engaged  in  the 
circulation  of  books  with  the  aid  of  public 
funds,  stepped  aside  and  permitted  this  library 
to  assume  its  burdens  and  its  duties. 

"By  the  generosity  of  Mr.  Carnegie,  made 
effective  by  the  liberality  and  constant  support 
of  the  city  of  New  York,  the  broadest,  most 
comprehensive  and  most  effective  library  sys- 
tem in  the  world,  in  quiet  and  almost  un- 
heralded, assumed  its  place  and  entered  on  its 
usefulness.  But  power  and  learning  alone 
would  never  have  achieved  full  success.  Dr. 
Billings,  moreover,  possessed  the  capacity  of 
binding  his  co-workers  to  him,  trustees  and 
staff ;  of  satisfying  all,  not  only  that  he  was 
unhesitatingly  to  be  trusted,  but  that  he  pos- 
sessed a  capacity  for  friendship  and  affection, 
and  that  all  who  desired  could  find  in  him  a 
sympathetic  friend. 

"As   for   myself,   I   buried   in   his   grave   at 


Arlington  one  of  a  rapidly  narrowing  circle 
of  my  dearest  friends. 

"He  had  no  enemies;  he  could  have  none  in 
the  atmosphere  in  which  he  moved.  He  had 
no  enmities,  except  that  he  did  not  'suffer 
fools  gladly/  and  regarded  with  amused  con- 
tempt humbugs  and  pretenders  who  posed  be- 
fore the  public.  In  fact,  I  fear  the  learned 
Doctor  did  worse,  and  at  times,  and  perhaps 
often,  regarded  boards  of  trustees,  committees,, 
architects  and  such  like  as  obstacles  cunningly 
interposed  to  retard  his  progress  on  the  path 
of  life. 

"It  is  a  happiness  to  us  to  know  that  he 
should  have  been  allowed  to  witness  the  com- 
pletion of  his  final  task  in  the  establishment 
and  successful  administration  of  this  system. 
We  certainly  shall  not  look  upon  his  like  again. 

"Within  these  walls  and  within  this  assem- 
blage, surely  it  is  true  that  'He  is  not  dead 
who  giveth  life  to  knowledge.' 

"What  lesson  may  we  learn  from  simple 
life  and  patient  death,  from  courage  and  ca- 
pacity, from  devotion  to  one's  fellow  man. 

"A  great  teacher  has  taught  us  what  our 
duty  is: 

'Yet  I  argue  not 

Against  Heav'n's  Hand  or  Will,  nor  'bate  a  jot 
Of  Heart  or  Hope;  but  still  bear  up  and  steer 
Right  Onward'  .  .  ." 

FORTY-HOUR  SCHEDULE 

FOLLOWING  the  good  example  of  the  New 
York  Public  Library,  the  Brooklyn  Public  Li- 
brary on  March  31  began  the  experiment  of  a 
shortened  schedule,  from  42  to  40  hours  per 
week. 

For  the  past  few  years  it  has  been  noticed 
that  there  was  much  illness  among  the  mem- 
bers of  the  staff,  due  in  a  measure  at  least 
to  short  meal  hours  and  the  necessarily  hasty 
preparation  of  those  meals.  With  the  time  of 
employment  shortened  the  lunch  hour  was 
lengthened,  and  it  was  to  see  what  effect  these 
changes  would  have  on  the  health  of  the  staff 
that  the  experiment  was  tried. 

Six  weeks'  trial  proves  that  the  library  is 
getting  better  service  and  that  the  improve- 
ment in  the  condition  of  the  members  of  the 
staff  is  decided. 

So  marked  is  the  improvement  that  some 
branch  librarians  who  were  averse  to  trying 
the  experiment  because  of  fear  that  the  work 
would  fall  behind  have  become  the  strongest 
advocates  of  the  plan. 

While  the  "let  up"  (?)  in  the  work  and  the 
pleasant  spring  days  have  aided  in  carrying 
out  the  scheme  to  a  successful  issue,  it  must 
be  noted  that  the  yearly  inventory  has  been 
going  on,  so  that  it  may  be  safely  asserted 
that  the  trial  period  was  probably  the  best 
average  time  of  the  whole  year. 

In  no  better  way  can  the  attitude  of  the  staff 
be  shown  than  by  quotations  from  reports 
sent  in  by  the  branch  librarians  under  date 
of  May  10. 


June,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


339 


Albany  Heights:  "All  report  that  they  are 
refreshed  by  the  hour  rest  and  change  and 
come  back  to  work  with  renewed  energy.  This 
would  seem  to  be  true  from  the  fact  that 
during  this  trial  we  have  had  extra  work, 
which  has  been  accomplished  without  feeling 
rushed." 

Astral:  "We  have  found  it  quite  possible 
to  keep  up  the  work  without  any  extra  strain 
on  the  worker.  The  only  difficulty  has  been 
in  allowing  time  for  attendance  at  staff  and 
other  library  meetings. 

"The  longer  meal  hours  meet  with  unquali- 
fied approval  and  have  been  used  by  the  staff 
to  advantage.  More  time  is  spent  in  the  prep- 
aration of  food,  more  food  is  eaten  and  eaten 
more  slowly,  digestion  is  improved,  and  from 
ten  to  twenty  minutes  of  the  hour  is  spent  in 
walking,  reading,  handwork  or  resting." 

Bay  Ridge:  "Every  one  on  the  staff  enjoys 
it,  and  I  can  see  that  it  has  been  a  benefit  to 
all.  I  must  confess  that  while  I  found  myself 
opposed  to  it  at  its  proposal,  I  am  quite  thor- 
oughly converted. 

"I  find  that  all  feel  better  when  the  outing 
is  taken  first,  then  the  lunch,  and  after  that 
the  rest,  as  recommended." 

Bedford:  "The  forty-hour  schedule  has 
proved  satisfactory  in  every  way  at  this 
branch.  It  benefits  the  staff  and  does  not  in- 
convenience the  public. 

"The  staff  enjoys  the  longer  supper  period 
and  is  better  prepared  for  the  busy  evening's 
work." 

Borough  Park:  "The  forty-hour  schedule 
has  proved  satisfactory  at  this  branch." 

Brownsville:  "We  have  carried  our  work 
quite  easily  for  the  time  the  forty-hour  sched- 
ule has  been  in  effect.  The  only  question  here 
will  be  just  how  it  will  work  out  during  the 
'rush  hours'  in  the  winter,  and  the  vacation 
period,  too,  will  perhaps  be  more  difficult. 

"The  members  of  the  staff  are  all  strongly 
in  favor  of  the  shortened  number  of  hours 
weekly,  and  I  have  noticed  a  difference  in 
the  spirit  with  which  they  do  their  work." 

Bushwick:  "The  staff  has  benefited  mate- 
rially from  the  lengthened  rest  periods. 
Usually  by  May  they  are  tired  and  drag  along 
until  vacation,  but  this  year  I  notice  that  many 
of  them  still  retain  the  elasticity  and  vigor 
with  which  they  started  the  year's  work. 

"The  shortened  working  hours  have  not  af- 
fected the  routine  work.  It  has  been  accom- 
plished with  the  same  regularity  and  punctual- 
ity as  before.  Even  in  our  busiest  months  I 
believe  this  can  be  done." 

Carroll  Park:  "The  staff  appreciates  and 
feels  the  benefit  of  the  longer  meal  hours,  and 
the  shortened  working  hours  do  not  seem  to 
interfere  with  the  proper  carrying  forward  of 
the  library  duties." 

City  Park:  "With  the  improved  physical 
efficiency  of  the  staff,  it  should  result  in  in- 
creased benefit  to  the  public." 

DeKalb:    "Keeping  close  track  of  the  work 


from  day  to  day  and  from  week  to  week,  I 
feel  justified  in  stating  that  all  work  has  been 
kept  up  to  date,  except,  perhaps,  on  such  days 
when  special  work  had  to  be  done,  such  as 
preparing  the  list  of  'desk'  books,  requested 
by  the  assistant  librarian. 

"I  attribute  this  up-to-dateness  of  the  work 
on  the  shortened  schedule  to  increased  energy 
of  the  staff,  due  to  better  health  as  the  result 
of  the  longer  lunch  hour  and  fewer  working 
hours.  I  have  heard  no  complaints  of  nerv- 
ousness, of  being  easily  tired  or  of  indigestion ; 
and  no  one,  since  the  new  schedule  went  into 
effect,  has  asked  for  permission  to  retire  to 
the  staff  room  to  rest,  requests  which  were 
formerly  made  from  time  to  time,  principally 
on  account  of  attacks  of  indigestion  after 
meals." 

Flatbush:  "It  has  grown  more  and  more 
popular  with  the  staff,  and  I  hope  it  has 
worked  so  successfully  elsewhere  as  to  be- 
come a  ruling." 

Greenpoint:  "I  have  carefully  observed  the 
work  of  the  branch  under  the  new  conditions 
and  find  it  satisfactory.  To  specify  one  thing, 
at  this  date  we  are  as  far  advanced  as  usual 
with  the  annual  inventory,  and  this  seems  a 
fair  test.  There  has  been  no  falling  behind 
at  any  point.  Each  member  of  the  staff  has, 
of  course,  been  more  closely  occupied  with 
her  individual  tasks,  in  order  that  all  of  the 
work  surely  shall  be  kept  up,  but  all  are  so 
appreciative  of  the  shortened  hours  that  this 
makes  up  to  them  for  the  closer  application." 

Kensington:  "It  not  only  affords  ample  time 
to  prepare  a  substantial  meal,  but  in  addition 
a  period  for  relaxation." 

Kings  Highway:  "We  have  found  it  just 
as  easy  to  keep  our  work  up  to  date  in  the 
shorter  time  as  when  we  had  two  more  hours 
per  week.  Then  we  find  that  with  the  longer 
lunch  period  we  are  less  tired  at  the  end  of 
the  day." 

Leonard:  "The  forty-hour  schedule  has 
worked  out  in  every  way  satisfactorily  and 
has  been  much  appreciated  by  the  staff.  We 
have  had  no  difficulty  in  keeping  up  the  work, 
nor  have  we  met  with  any  other  problems  in 
readjusting  the  schedule." 

Macon:  "The  work  is  as  well  and  promptly 
done  as  before.  The  staff  are  well  and  work- 
ing enthusiastically." 

Montague:  "After  a  trial  of  nearly  six 
weeks  it  appears  to  us  here  at  Montague  that 
the  forty-hour  schedule  has  worked  out  in  a 
very  satisfactory  manner.  As  we  always  had 
one  hour  for  both  dinner  and  supper,  the  only 
change  was  to  cut  off  the  two  hours  at  a  time 
when  it  would  not  interfere  with  the  service. 
•  "All  the  regular  work  has  been  kept  up, 
and  while  there  is  always  a  gradual  falling  off 
at  this  time  of  the  year,  the  work  of  inventory 
taking  comes  along  to  take  up  the  time.  This 
has  been  keeping  pace  with  what  has  been 
done  in  former  years,  and  is  as  far  advanced 
as  it  would  be  with  the  other  schedule. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June, .  1913;. 


Montague— Reference  Dept.:  "The  forty- 
hour  schedule  continues  to  work  satisfactorily. 
As  explained  in  the  first  report  sent  to  you, 
we  arrange,  as  far  as  we  can,  to  have  our 
staff  on  duty  at  the  busiest  time,  and  have 
given  them  these  extra  two  hours  off  either 
mornings  or  at  lunch  hours,  when  the  work 
is  lightest,  consequently  the  readers  do  not 
suffer  in  the  attention  given  them  in  the 
change. 

"On  the  other  hand,  I  think  I  can  see  some 
slight  diminution  in  the  amount  of  special 
work  like  preparing  reference  lists,  indexing, 
etc.,  which  we  are  able  to  accomplish." 

New  Utrecht:  "The  forty-hour  schedule  is 
working  so  smoothly  it  is  hard  to  believe  it 
has  been  in  operation  so  short  a  time. 

",The  staff  all  express  themselves  pleased 
with  it,  and  I  have  not  heard  one  unfavorable 
comment." 

Pacific:  "Though  there  was  an  unusual 
amount  of  absence  during  April,  we  were  able 
to  keep  up  the  work  satisfactorily.  The  as- 
sistants show  more  interest  in  the  work,  and 
there  seems  to  me  no  more  strain  to  accom- 
plish it  in  forty  hours  than  in  the  longer 
period." 

Prospect:  "During  the  month  of  April  the 
forty-hour  schedule  worked  out  satisfactorily 
in  all  details. 

"We  lost  one  assistant,  due  to  a  resignation, 
during  the  month  of  March  and,  in  April,  we 
had  apprentice  help. 

"We  have  fallen  somewhat  behind  in  our 
work  during  the  first  ten  days  of  May,  owing 
to  the  taking  of  inventory. 

"The  service  to  the  public  has  not  been 
affected,  but  we  are  somewhat  behind  in  mat- 
ters of  filing  and  indexing  clippings  for  refer- 
ence material,  changes  of  addresses  on  appli- 
cations, etc. 

"The  forty-hour  schedule  is  very  much  ap- 
preciated by  the  staff,  and  the  longer  lunch 
and  supper  periods  particularly  enjoyed." 

Ridgewood:  "The  forty-hour  schedule 
seems  to  me  to  be  working  out  satisfactorily 
in  every  respect.  Not  only  is  the  regular 
work  being  kept  well  up  to  date,  but,  since 
May  i,  the  inventory  work  has  been  carried 
forward  even  farther  than  in  previous  years 
at  this  date  and,  so  far,  with  the  result  of 
having  shorter  lists  of  books  to  be  hunted 
for." 

Saratoga:  "The  forty-hour  schedule  has 
proved  very  satisfactory,  in  its  service  to  the 
public,  in  the  work  of  the  branch  and  in  the 
health  of  the  staff. 

"Though  as  to  the  last,  the  health  of  the 
staff,  it  may  be  too  soon  to  know  the  perma- 
nent result,  still  it  cannot  but  be  good,  even 
if  it  is  only  to  remove  the  nervous  tension 
which  a  short  lunch  period  incurs. 

"We  will  be  able,  at  this  branch,  to  carry  the 
work  satisfactorily  even  during  the  vacation 
period,  and  we  are  very  sure  the  winter  work 
will  be  as  well  done." 

Schermerhorn:     "The    forty-hour    schedule 


has  had  a  very  good  effect  on  the  assistants 
of  this  branch.  They  are  not  so  nervous  and 
work  with  greater  rapidity  and  calmness,  and 
are  more  efficient. 

"The  branch  work  has  not  been  neglected, 
and  the  public  have  been  well  served.  Be- 
sides the  regular  work,  more  than  three- 
quarters  of  the  inventory  has  been  done  and 
about  500  books  have  been  renumbered  and 
returned  to  the  shelves. 

"We  all  appreciate  the  full  hour  for  lunch 
and  the  absence  of  hiirry  and  anxiety." 

South:  "In  making  a  final  report  on  the 
forty-hour  schedule,  I  have  practically  to  re- 
peat what  was  said  in  the  earlier  report :  that 
the  new  schedule  is  highly  satisfactory  to  the 
staff,  who  find  the  change  beneficial,  and  that 
the  work  of  the  branch  has  not  been  allowed 
to  lapse  in  the  slightest  degree.  During  the 
last  ten  days  covered  by  this  report  we  have 
had  the  extra  work  of  inventor}',  which  has 
been  a  good  test  of  the  schedule." 

Tompkins  Park:  "The  forty-hour  schedule 
continues  to  give  great  satisfaction  at  this 
branch.  The  work  is  up-to-date  and  the  staff 
are  now  beginning  to  feel  the  good  effect  of 
the  shorter  hours.  There  are  no  drawbacks 
to  its  being  carried  out  here,  but  everything 
to  be  said  in  its  favor." 

Traveling  Libraries:  "Since  the  middle  of 
April  we  have  been  laboring  under  difficulties 
somewhat  greater  than  usual,  owing  to  the 
resignation  of  the  head  of  this  department,, 
but  feel  that  we  have  extricated  ourselves 
from  them  satisfactorily,  notwithstanding  that 
the  time  allowed  for  the  work  has  been  cur- 
tailed two  hours. 

"From  the  general  tenor  of  the  opinion  of 
the  staff,  it  may  be  stated  definitely  that  each 
one  is  inclined  towards  the  extra  time  which 
the  hour  for  luncheon  allows  her,  enabling  her 
to  recreate  before  taking  up  again  the  duties 
of  the  afternoon. 

"To  sum  up,  I  feel  that  the  maintenance  of 
health,  toward  which  the  shortening  of  hours 
is  a  means,  will  result  in  more  efficiency  on 
the  part  of  the  staff." 

Williamsburgh:  "In  spite  of  the  increase  of 
work  at  this  period  of  the  year,  due  to  the 
pressure  of  inventory,  the  forty-hour  schedule 
seems  to  be  working  as  well  now  as  during  the 
past  month.  The  members  of  the  staff  have 
pulled  together  splendidly  in  an  effort  to  carry 
the  additional  work  in  the  shortened  time  and 
with  entirely  satisfactory  results.  The  health 
of  the  assistants  has  been  good,  only  one  day's 
absence  for  illness  having  been  recorded  dur- 
ing the  past  month.  I  feel  confident  that  the 
work  can  be  carried  permanently  on  the  shorter 
schedule  as  satisfactorily  as  has  been  done  in 
the  past  on  the  longer  one." 

Winthrop:  "The  members  of  the  staff  con- 
tinue to  be  pleased  with  the  innovation,  and 
whenever  the  weather .  is  suitable,  follow  the 
advice  of  spending  a  part  of  the  time  in  the 
open  air. 

"The   shortened   hours   have  made   no   per- 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


341 


-ceptible  difference  in  the  amount  of  work  ac- 
complished and  everything  is  kept  up  to  date 
as  usual." 

East:  "While  one  member  has  not  been  as 
well  as  usual  the  past  month,  the  others  say 
they  feel  the  benefit  of  the  longer  lunch  period, 
and  chance  for  a  little  outdoor  recreation,  and 
I  think  they  appreciate  the  fact  that  this  has 
been  done  for  their  benefit. 

"Our  work  has  been  done  and  kept  up  to 
date  as  usual ;  I,  however,  observe  a  nervous 
haste  or  pressure  in  speeding  up,  in  order  to 
get  the  work  done,  when  there  are  absences 
for  any  reason." 

Cataloging  Dept.:'  "There  is  no  doubt  what- 
ever that  the  lessening  of  the  working  hours 
per  week  has  met  with  universal  satisfaction 
in  this  department.  With  the  increased  lunch 
period,  the  forty-two  schedule  seemed  to  make 
the  day's  work  rather  long.  The  forty-hour 
enables  the  members  of  the  staff  to  enjoy  the 
longer  breathing  space  at  noon  without  mak- 
ing them  feel  they  are  paying  somewhat  dearly 
for  it." 


BETTER  HEALTH— BETTER  SERVICE 

THE  Brooklyn  Public  Library  having  re- 
duced its  working  hours  from  42  to  40  a  week, 
sought  further  means  of  interesting  the  mem- 
bers of  the  staff  individually  in  the  purpose  of 
the  change  and  of  enlisting  their  earnest  coop- 
eration in  order  that  the  best  results  from  the 
lengthened  lunch  hour  might  be  secured.  Dr. 
'George  J.  Fisher,  secretary,  Department  of 
Physical  Education  of  the  International  Y.  M. 
C.  A.,  was  accordingly  engaged  to  give  a 
series  of  talks  to  the  staff  on  "Physical  effi- 
ciency." 

The  subject  of  the  first  of  the  series  was 
"Exercise  and  recreation,"  followed  by  talks  on 
Diet,  Bathing,  Ventilation,  Sleep,  etc. 

Dr.  Fisher  laid  great  stress  upon  the  neces- 
sity and  value  of  exercise  because  he  believes 
that  if  a  person  has  the  right  amount  of  exer- 
cise all  the  other  elements  of  hygiene  will  be 
automatically  supplied.  In  his  opinion  men 
and  women  do  not  break  down  fundamentally 
because  of  overwork  mentally  but  because  of 
underwork  physically. 

"The  human  individual,"  he  said,  "is  en- 
deavoring to  adapt  himself  to  a  condition 
which  is  new.  He  has  been  transferred  from 
an  environment  of  physical  activity  to  an  en- 
vironment where  psychic  activity  is  the  prin- 
cipal thing.  He  is  not  adapted  naturally  to 
that  kind  of  environment,  and  cannot  meet  it 
except  by  trying  to  keep  up  something  of  the 
old  efficiency." 

Dr.  Fisher  explained  briefly  the  neuro-mus- 
cular  system  and  the  relation  between  well- 
toned  muscles  and  mental  efficiency.  He  also 
explained  the  difference  between  the  funda- 
mental muscles,  i.e.,  those  which  lie  between 
the  shoulder  and  the  knee  and  with  which  all 
of  the  large  organs  are  connected — and  the  ac- 
cessory muscles,  those  of  the  extremities.  He 


stated  that  "the  exercise  of  the  fundamental 
muscles  means  little  expenditure  of  nervous 
energy,  while  the  exercise  of  the  accessory 
muscles  requires  a  great  deal  of  expenditure  of 
nervous  energy.  What  we  need  is  organized 
ordered  lives  that  we  may  perform  our  work 
easily  without  nerve  strain  or  fatigue." 

While  Dr.  Fisher's  talks  were  devoted  pri- 
marily to  a  discussion  of  the  principles  under- 
lying physical  efficiency,  he  gave  many  prac- 
tical suggestions  to  the  staff,  among  which  the 
following  may  be  of  interest  to  other  library 
workers. 

1.  The  best  way  to  exercise  the  body  is  to 
exercise  each  part  of  it  in  accordance  with  its 
normal  function. 

2.  There  are  two  kinds  of  exercises — artificial 
and  natural.     The  best  way  to  exercise  is  to 
play,  because  the  psychological  effect  of  exer- 
cise through  play  is  as  beneficial  as  the  physio- 
logical. 

3.  Free  mornings  should  be  spent  in  walks. 
Simple  exercises   should  be  taken  before  the 
assistant  goes  to  work  on  the  morning  of  the 
long  day,  and  the  long  working  day  should  be 
broken   up   with   certain   periods   of   exercise, 
such  as  a  walk  at  noon. 

4.  People  who  are  on  their  feet  indoors  will 
find  rest  in  walking  out  of  doors. 

5.  Out  of  door  exercise  is  best;  therefore, 
we  ought  to  try,  because  we  live  indoors  most 
of  the  time,  to  live  out  of  doors  in  our  spare 
moments. 

6.  The  mistake  many  of  us  make  is  in  carry- 
ing  on   the   nervous   system  what   should  be 
carried  on  the  muscular. 

That  these  talks  proved  beneficial  has  been 
attested  by  several  members  of  the  staff,  who 
have  written  to  the  chief  librarian  in  praise  of 
them  and  of  the  exercises  which  were  recom- 
mended. 

In  the  fall  a  thorough  examination  of  library 
conditions  at  the  various  branches  will  be 
made,  which  will  be  followed  by  detailed  talks 
by  a  medical  expert  on  the  best  means  of  im- 
proving the  health  and  increasing  the  physical 
efficiency  of  the  staff.  E.  V.  B. 

ENCYCLOPAEDIA   BRITANNICA   YEAR- 
BOOK 

THE  publishers  of  the  Encyclopaedia  Britan- 
nica  Yearbook  refuse  to  issue  an  edition  on 
ordinary  paper,  unless  a  sale  of  750  copies  is 
guaranteed.  Librarians  who  prefer  such  an 
edition  may  send  their  orders  to  the  chairman 
of  the  A.  L.  A.  committee  on  binding.  If  the 
total  number  ordered  by  June  15  is  750  copies 
the  publishers  will  be  notified  at  that  time. 
If  the  total  number  falls  short  of  750  copies, 
those  ordering  will  be  notified,  so  that  they  can 
order  the  regular  edition  if  they  wish.  In  the 
opinion  of  the  committee  on  binding,  the  thin 
paper  edition  is  not  suitable  for  library  use. 

A.  L.  BAILEY,  Chairman, 
A.  L.  A.   Committee   on   Binding, 
Wilmington   (Del.)   Institute  Free  Library. 


342 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


BOOKSELLERS'  CONVENTION 

THE  American  Booksellers'  Association  in 
its  annual  convention,  in  New  York,  May  13 
to  15,  devoted  much  attention  to  the  relations 
between  bookstores  and  libraries. 

Mr.  Bowerman's  paper,  "Cooperation  be- 
tween the  library  and  the  bookstore,"  is  re- 
printed elsewhere  in  this  issue.  In  the  dis- 
cussion which  followed  the  majority  expressed 
approval  of  the  cooperative  idea,  but  with 
some  doubt  as  to  how  much  good  it  would  do 
the  bookseller.  W.  B.  Clarke,  of  Boston,  said 
that  one  of  the  best  things  librarians  did  was 
to  urge  purchase  of  good  editions.  In  Buffalo, 
cooperation  has  been  tried  and  found  a  val- 
uable asset  to  the  bookseller. 

A  paper  by  Louis  A.  Keating,  of  the  Amer- 
ican Baptist  Publication  Society,  on  "Agencies 
for  developing  reading,"  takes  up  a  familiar 
library  problem  from  another  standpoint.  Mr. 
Keating  believes  that  booksellers  should  select 
the  better  books  and  not  give  place  to  an  in- 
finite quantity  of  trash.  Schools,  churches, 
and  literary  clubs  are  "fertile  fields  for  culti- 
vation." Booksellers  take  it  for  granted  that 
the  public  are  familiar  with  books  and  book- 
trade,  but  "the  serious  fact  is  that  a  vast  num- 
ber of  people  never  read  books.  .  .  .  Sometimes 
I  have  a  feeling  that  I  know  is  shared  by  a 
customer,  that  he  has  been  'goldb  ricked'  in 
some  of  the  current  fiction.  If  we  are  to 
create  readers,  let  us  push  the  best  books,  both 
new  and  old,  books  we  believe  in." 

"Over-production :  a  menace  to  the  book 
trade,"  by  V.  M.  Schenck,  discusses  the  pos- 
sibility of  checking  the  flood  of  unnecessary 
books.  The  librarian  will  have  a  certain  sym- 
pathy for  Mr.  Schenck  when  he  says:  "The 
multiplicity  of  books  on  topics  of  current  in- 
terest that  any  live  bookseller  ought  to  have  in 
view  of  the  publicity  which  publishers'  adver- 
tising and  book  reviews  are  sure  to  give  them, 
to  say  nothing  of  fiction  and  the  multitude  of 
publications  on  subjects  which  are  quite  sure 
to  appeal  to  his  constituency,  make  a  proposi- 
tion which  is  simply  overwhelming."  He  men- 
tions, as  remedies,  holding  the  publisher  re- 
sponsible for  loss  when  he  recommends  a  book 
of  inferior  quality,  discouraging  authors  who 
desert  their  publisher  to  get  an  inferior  book 
brought  out  by  a  rival  firm,  buying  only  small 
quantities  of  untried  books  by  new  authors, 
"declining  to  purchase  any  book  on  any  topic 
for  which  there  is  no  apparent  warrant  except 
the  hope  in  the  publisher's  heart  that  its  worth- 
lessness  will  go  undiscovered." 

A  paper  on  "Library  trade  for  the  local 
dealer,"  by  John  L.  Grant,  discusses  the  rela- 
tion oMhe  local  bookstore  to  the  public,  col- 
lege, district,  and  home  library.  He  says,  in 
part:  "In  the  selection  and  purchasing  of 
books  the  librarian  of  to-day  is  seemingly  much 
more  discriminating  than  the  publisher  in  his 
acceptance  of  manuscripts.  I  also  discover 
that  book  buyers  are  just  as  decidedly  in  uni- 
son with  the  librarian.  If  appearances  are  not 


deceitful,  it  will  be  necessary  for  the  publishers 
to  awaken  to  the  fact  that  the  bookstore  and 
the  library  cannot  be  the  dumping  ground  for 
the  continuous  productions  of  authors  who 
may  have  been  responsible  for  one  good  seller. 
The  librarian,  as  well  as  the  public,  has  good 
reason  to  let  these  works  remain  on  the  book- 
seller's counter — if  he  has  been  fooled  into 
purchasing  recent  fiction  of  this  class. 

"A  prominent  librarian  a  few  days  ago  said 
to  me  that  discounts  were  a  nuisance,  that  if 
a  book  were  published  at  its  correct  value, 
why  should  there  be  any  discounts?  It  was 
pleasing  indeed  to  listen  to  such  markedly  ad- 
vanced intelligence  along  this  line,  even  be- 
yond the  dreams  of  the  most  sanguine  book- 
seller. Again,  why  should  a  larger  discount 
be  made  the  second,  third  or  fourth  year  on 
what  you  may  term  continuous  net  books,  or,. 
if  you  will,  from  stock  re-ordered  from  pub- 
lishers, on  which  you  continue  to  pay  the  same 
price,  or  higher,  than  when  you  bought  in 
quantity?  Why  should  you  unnecessarily  and 
without  reason  give  away  what  is  not  yours 
to  give,  as  well  as  sacrifice  what  you  have  all 
these  years  been  working  for,  namely,  the  es- 
tablishing of  the  book  trade  on  a  more  sub- 
stantial footing,  and  the  placing  of  it  where 
it  should  belong? 

"In  your  work  you  presumably  have  a  sys- 
tematized alphabetical  card  catalog  of  every 
school  and  public  library  in  your  territory. 
You  have  the  names  of  trustees  and  librarians 
and  come  in  touch  with  them  at  least  once 
a  month  by  many  of  the  numerous  aids  that 
are  or  can  be  supplied  you.  A  live  personal 
relationship  with  each  one  of  them  adds  ma- 
terially to  the  efficiency  of  your  system.  If 
you  are  not  having  the  opportunity  of  filling 
these  orders,  discover  why.  It  is  you  who 
should  supply  each  and  every  one  of  *  these 
libraries,  in  so  far  as  they  are  deriving  sup- 
port from  taxation  in  your  own  home  town 
or  immediate  neighborhood.  You  are  person- 
ally aiding  these  institutions  and  should  have 
preference  in  supplying  them.  If  you  are  not 
securing  this  trade  is  not  the  fault  your  own? 

"It  is  much  easier  to  do  business  with  the 
larger  than  with  the  school  or  district  library, 
because,  although  you  have  to  send  many  new 
books  on  approval,  their  orders  are  accurate 
and  definite.  With  the  smaller  libraries,  how- 
ever, opportunities  present  themselves  for  sug- 
gestion and  for  sales  from  stock." 


THE  FERGUSON  LIBRARY,  STAMFORD, 
CONN. 

THE  Ferguson  Library  at  Stamford,  Conn., 
which  was  started  originally  as  a  subscription 
library,  was  made  free  by  a  city  appropriation 
in  1909,  and  in  1910  the  directors  and  the  city 
cooperated  in  the  purchase  of  a  site  and  the 
erection  of  an  $85,000  building.  An  excellent 
location  overlooking  the  intersection  of  the 
main  business  streets,  and  yet  convenient  for 
the  residences  and  schools  was  procured. 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


343 


The  building  erected  by  the  directors  is  of 
red  brick  with  white  trimmings,  and  of  the 
Colonial  style  of  architecture.  The  main  en- 
trance leads  into  a  small  vestibule  where  are 
two  bronze  tablets,  one  in  memory  of  Mr. 
Ferguson,  the  founder,  and  the  other  in  mem- 
ory of  the  orig- 
inal incorpora- 
tors.  The  doors 
between  the 
vestibule  and 
the  delivery  hall 
are  of  glass  in 
winter  and 
screen  in  sum- 
mer, giving  al- 
ways an  open 
effect.  The  de- 
livery  hall, 


thirty-six  feet 
square,  is  be- 
tween the  adult  and  the  children's  reading 
rooms.  Each  of  these  rooms  is  40  by  26  feet, 
and  is  lighted  by  five  large  windows.  On  either 
side  of  the  vestibule,  but  leading  off  from  the 
reading-rooms  are  two  small  rooms;  the  one 
connected  with  the  adult  reading  room  is  used 
for  a  periodical  filing  room  for  the  current 
year,  and  the  other  connected  with  the  chil- 
dren's room  is  an  intermediate  room. 

In  Architecture  for  February  the  architect 
says:  "The  requirements  of  the  library  de- 
manded that  on  the  second  floor  there,  should 
be  a  reference  room  and  an  exhibition  room,  so 
that  only  a  portion  of  the  building  was  two 
stories  high. 
This  portion 
being  naturally 
in  the  center 
meant  that  the 
delivery  room 
would  be  with- 
out direct  light. 
The  method  of 
obviating  this  is 
shown  by  the 
sketch  section 
here  given,  and 
consists  of  the 
introduction  of 
two  compara- 
tively low  aisles 
about  eight  feet 
high  at  each 
side  of  the  de- 
livery room; 
above  the  roof 
of  these  aisles 
are  six  large 
semi-  circular 
windows  corre- 
sponding with 
the  arcuated 
treatment  at  the 
ends  of  the 
room.  Through 


SECTION    SHOWING   CLERE-STORY 


these  windows  are  not  only  admitted  ample  light 
and  air,  but  even  sunlight.  The  building  being  al- 
most due  south,  there  is  a  period  of  actual  sun- 
light of  about  two  hours  in  the  morning  and 
two  hours  in  the  afternoon.  When  the  scheme 
first  suggested  itself  I  was  afraid  that  these 

small  light 
courts  might  be 
snow  pockets 
and  that  the 
snow  banking 
up  around  the 
sills  of  the 
windows  might 
cause  leaks. 
Further,  these 
1  o  w  portions 
might  be  dif- 
ficult to  clean, 


as  the  snow 
could  not  read- 
ily be  thrown  on  the  adjoining  roof  on 
account  of  the  height  of  it.  So  there  was 
introduced  at  the  end  of  each  court  a  large 
copper  chute  18  by  20  warmed  by  a  steam 
coil  leading  down  directly  into  an  iron  tank 
in  the  cellar;  the  snow  is  readily  pushed 
into  the  chute  and  is  melted  by  the  time 
it  reaches  the  tank,  from  which  it  passes 
into  the  storm  sewer.  As  a  matter  of  fact  I 
find  there  is  seldom  need  to  use  the  chutes,  as 
by  some  action  of  the  air  currents  the  snow  is 
usually  blown  over  the  court  and  drifts  form 
on  the  upper  flat  portion  of  the  roof." 
At  the  end  of  the  stack  room  facing  the 

children's  room 
is  the  cataloging 
room,  and  at 
the  other  end 
facing  the  read- 
ing room,  and 
connected  with/ 
it  by  double 
glass  doors,  is 
the  librarian's 
room,  ii  by  26. 
The  marble 
stairway  start- 
ing from  the 
low  aisles  on 
each  side  of  the 
delivery  hall 
joins  at  a  land- 
ing over  the 
vestibule  door 
with  a  return 
run  of  seven 
steps  to  the  ex- 
hibition room. 
This  room,  26 
by  26,  is  lighted 
by  a  skylight. 
The  reference 
room,  also  26  by 
26,  has  small 
windows  at 


j>LAN 


344 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


each  side  above  the  book  shelving  and  a  large, 
beautiful  serai-circular  window  at  the  end.  The 
public  has  access  to  .the  reference  room  by  the 
front  stairs  through  the  exhibition  room. 
There  is,  for  the  library  attendants,  a  narrow 
stairway  running  from  the  basement  through 
the  stack  and  mezzanine  floor  to  the  reference 
room,  and  also  an  electric  elevator  large  enough 
to  accommodate  a  book  truck  and  'a  couple  of 
persons.  From  the  first  floor  to  the  reference 
room  the  elevator,  though  it  passes  close  to 
the  charging  desk,  is  quite  unnoticeable  be- 
cause it  is  in  a  glass  case  with  wrought  iron 
frame. 

A  door  on  the  stair  landing  leads  to  a  staff 
room.  Other  minor  rooms  of  the  building  are 
the  children's  story  room  in  the  basement  di- 
rectly upder  the  cataloging  room^  a  book  re- 
ceiving room,  and  a  work  room  directly  under 
the  librarian's  room,  as  well  as  a  burglar  proof 
vault.  The  basement  under  the  stack  room  is 
supplied  with  windows  corresponding  to  those 
of  the  stack  room,  so  when  necessity  demands 
it  may  be  fitted  for  stacks.  There  is  at  present 
a  capacity  for  40,000  volumes  and,  when  the 
additional  stacks  are  placed,  the  total  capacity, 
exclusive  of  reference  room  and  children's 
room,  will  be  60,000  volumes.  The  steel  stacks 
of  the  library  were  supplied  by  Snead  &  Com- 
pany, and  are  the  same  as  those  in  the  New 
York  Public  Library. 

The  furniture  is  of  mahogany,  and  was 
largely  furnished  by  the  Library  Bureau. 

The  color  scheme  of  the  library  is  of  an 
indescribable  shade  of  gray  called  by  the  dec- 
orator, C.  A.  W.  Rinschade,  of  New  York, 
"peach  bloom,"  and  is  very  soft  and  pleasing. 

The  architect  of  the  building  was  Egerton 
Swartout,  of  the  firm  of  Tracy,  Swartout  & 
Litchfield,  of  New  York  City. 

ALICE  M.  COLT,  Librarian. 


ANDREW  SLOAN  DRAPER 
ANDREW  SLOAN  DRAPER,  first  commissioner 
of  education  in  the  State  of  New  York,  died 
April  27,  1913.  He  was  born  at  Waterford, 
N.  Y.,  June  21,  1848.  After  his  graduation 
from  Albany  Law  School,  Union  University, 
he  practiced  law  in  Albany  and  served  as  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature.  He  was  New 
York's  state  superintendent  of  public  instruc- 
tion from  1886  to  1892,  held  a  similar  office  in 
Cleveland  for  two  years,  then  went  to  the 
presidency  of  the  University  of  Illinois.  In 
1904  he  returned  to  New  York  as  Commis- 
sioner of  Education.  His  published  works  in- 
clude "The  rescue  of  Cuba,"  "American  edu- 
cation" and  many  addresses. 


PUBLIC  LIBRARY   SECTION— ROCHES- 
TER CHILD  WELFARE  EXHIBIT 

THE  library  occupies  a  conspicuous  place  at 
the  exhibit.  Its  display  is  in  two  divisions. 
The  smaller  one  contains  ten  charts  and  the 
larger  one  is  a  library  reading  room. 


The  visitor's  eye  falls  first  on  two  artistic 
water  color  sketches,  one  representing  the 
children  entering  the  library  building,  some  of 
them  with  a  shout 

"Oh  then  for  Ali   Baba 
Oh   then    for   Giant  Despair." 

The  other  sketch  shows  them  seated  at  the 
tables  and  lost  to  the  world.  In  the  distance 
above  their  heads  the  artist  has  given  in  deli- 
cate tints  a  glimpse  of  the  visions  they  behold. 

"We  may  see  how  all  things  are 
Seas   and   cities   near   and    far 
And   the    flying   fairies   looks 
In    the    picture    story    books." 

A  series  of  contrasts  labeled  "Good  and  bad 
reading"  attracts  old  and  young.  On  the  one 
hand  are  book  covers  of  dime  novels  and  penny 
dreadfuls,  photographs  of  places  where  they 
are  sold  and  where  they  are  read ;  on  the  other 
hand  covers  of  good  books  and  photographs 
of  the  children's  room  at  the  library  and  the 
boys'  reading  club.  Books  have  power  to  af- 
fect the  soul  of  a  child.  We  need  a  library 
center  within  walking  distance  of  every  child's 
home. 

The  Library  Story  Hour  screen  begins  with  a 
quotation  from  Froebel,  "See  what  joyous 
faces,  what  shining  eyes  and  what  glad  jubilee 
welcome  the  story  teller."  Four  photographs 
illustrate  the  method,  some  of  the  places  and 
the  intense  interest  manifested.  "The  child's 
thirst  for  stories,  has  it  no  significance  and 
does  it  not  lay  a  responsibility  on  us?"  Dur- 
ing the  six  months  since  the  opening  of  the 
first  branch  of  the  Rochester  Public  Library 
145  stories  have  been  told  to  7295  children. 

The  extent  of  the  library's  activities  is  in- 
dicated thus  :  It  distributes  books  from  I  branch 
building,  5  public  school  buildings,  2  institu- 
tional homes,  I  housekeeping  center,  and  3 
association  centers.  There  are  photographs 
of  five  of  these.  The  library  is  also  in  charge 
of  the  404  grade  libraries  in  the  public  schools, 
and  it  is  cooperating  in  the  administration  of 
the  playground  libraries. 

Two  maps  of  the  city  show  the  number,  lo- 
cation, and  character  of  distributing  centers 
of  the  library  as  they  are  and  as  they  should 
be.  "To  meet  its  necessities,  to  seize  its  op- 
portunities, to  provide  for  the  future,  to  keep 
pace  with  other  cities,"  Rochester  needs: 
i  Central  building, 

12  Branch  buildings, 

50  Deposit  stations  in  schools,  factories, 
large  stores,  playgrounds  and  institu- 
tions. 

Under  the  caption  "See  what  other  cities 
did  in  1912"  are  the  names  of  twelve  cities, 
most  of  them  comparable  in  size  with  Roches- 
ter, giving  the  number  of  their  library  build- 
ings and  the  amount  spent  for  library  mainte- 
nance. The  per  capita  expenditure  ranges 
from  19  to  56  cents,  while  that  of  Rochester 
is  6.  It  is  only  fair  to  say  that  this  year 
Rochester  is  increased  to  15  cents  for  each 
person. 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


345 


The  relation  between  the  library  and  the 
school  is  brought  out  under  the  motto  "The 
public  library  is  an  integral  part  of  public 
education."  The  educational  work  of  school 
and  library  is  carried  on  largely  by  means  of 
books.  That  of  the  school  is  formal,  compul- 
sory, limited  in  time.  That  of  the  library  is 
informal,  voluntary,  unlimited  in  time.  The 
average  number  of  years  spent  in  school  by 
pupils  is  five  and  one  half  years.  The  library 
doors  are  open  to  them  for  a  lifetime. 

A  splendid  spirit  of  cooperation  exists  be- 
tween the  public  schools  and  the  public  library. 
The  Board  of  Education  supplies  its  schools 
with 

Text  books  for  indigent  pupils. 

Supplementary  books  for  all  grades. 

Reference  books  for  each  school. 

Grade  library  books  for  each  class. 

There  are  12,112  volumes  in  404  grade  libra- 
ries, which  are  in  charge  of  the  Public  Li- 
brary. These  books  are  giving  the  children 

Keener  interest  in  school  studies. 

Larger  knowledge  of  life. 

Greater  inspiration  to  achieve. 

Practical  experience  in  using  books  as  tools. 

The  second  and  largest  division  of  the  ex- 
hibit is  a  children's  library  room  fully  equipped 
with  tables,  chairs,  settees  and  shelving  and 
books,  even  with  pictures  on  the  walls  and  a 
fern  on  the  catalog  case.  Only  a  visit  to  this 
room  can  give  an  adequate  idea  of  the  fascina- 
tion it  has  for  the  children.  How  they  can 
become  so  engrossed  in  the  books  amid  the 
din  and  confusion  of  the  crowd  must  be  seen 
in  order  to  be  appreciated.  This  picture  of 
the  children  among  the  books  is  one  of  the 
most  telling  in  the  armory.  Big  folks  as  they 
approach  it  nod  their  heads  knowingly,  linger 
long  and  then  pass  on. 

Every  one  takes  a  souvenir,  a  list  of  "Books 
for  a  child's  library,"  and  a  picture  of  the 
children's  room  at  Exposition  Park  branch,  on 
the  back  of  which  is  printed  a  list  of  the 
building  needs  of  the  Rochester  Public  Li- 
brary. WM.  F.  YUST. 

NEW   PLANS   FOR   THE  BOSTON 
ATHENJEUM 

"THERE  was  joy  in  many  a  downtown  office," 
says  a  Transcript  editorial  of  May  9,  "over  the 
announcement  that  the  Boston  Athenaeumi  will 
forsake  neither  its  present  building  nor  its  pres- 
ent site."  After  some  years  of  discussion  and 
uncertainty,  the  problem  of  housing  the  Athe- 
naeum's unduplicable  collection  in  fireproof  and 
adequate  quarters  has  been  solved.  This  latest 
plan  leaves  the  library  in  its  present  strategic 
location  and  preserves  much  of  the  flavor  of 
its  present  home. 

"The  moving  of  volumes  into  storage  in  the 
fire-proof  vaults  of  the  New  England  Historic 
Genealogical  Society  has  begun,  and  in  three 
weeks  it  is  expected  that  the  actual  process 
of  reconstruction  will  be  under  way.  The 
problem  before  the  architects  is  that  of  sub- 


stituting a  modern,  fire-proof  library  for  the 
present  inflammable  structure,  yet  preserving 
as  far  as  possible  the  interesting  and  attrac- 
tive aspect  of  the  present  building.  In  their 
main  features  these  plans  provide  for  a  large 
reading-room  at  the  top  of  the  building,  well 
lighted  from  the  north  and  from  the  south, 
with  a  balcony  on  the  west  end,  and  a  conver- 
sation room  (prime  desideratum  of  a  library) 
on  the  east  end.  A  widening  of  the  stairs  and 
the  installation  of  elevator  service  more  prom- 
inent than  the  present  one  will  rob  the  'top 
floor  reading-room'  of  the  terrors  of  hill  climb- 
ing. It  will  be  interesting,  too,  to  note  the 
shifts  whereby  the  Athenaeum  will  continue  to 
serve  its  clientele  during  the  process  of  recon- 
struction— occupying  one  part  of  the  building 
while  the  adjacent  part  is  being  demolished 
and  rebuilt,  then  moving  over  into  the  new 
quarters  while  the  structure  is  being  completed. 
It  is  announced  in  this  connection  that,  al- 
though the  larger  part  of  the  books  must  be 
put  in  storage  during  the  season  of  hammer- 
ing and  sawing,  the  delivery  and  catalog  room 
will  remain  open  and  works  of  literature,  his- 
tory, travel,  biography,  fiction  and  the  more 
important  reference  works  will  still  be  obtain- 
able. 

"A  virtue  of  the  now  accepted  plan  is  that  it 
preserves  virtually  the  present  exterior  of  the 
building,  the  handsome,  stately,  brownstone 
front,  mellowed  by  the  weather,  and  that  it 
aims  to  reproduce  in  fire-proof  materials  the 
second-story  reading-room,  which  of  its  kind 
no  room  in  Boston  can  rival  for  unique  and 
picturesque  interest. 

Yet  the  Athenaeum  is,  above  all,  a  library 
with  a  present  as  well  as  with  a  past.  The 
liveliest  evidence  of  its  consciousness  of  this 
active  share  which  it  bears  in  the  city's  work 
is  its  election  to  remain  on  its  present  site, 
'on  the  firing  line.' " 

REPORT  OF  THE  BIBLIOTHfilQUE  NA- 
TION ALE  OF  FRANCE 

THE  report  of  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale, 
Paris,  for  1912,  is  printed  in  the  Journal  Of- 
ficiel,  Feb.  23,  1913.  M.  H.  Marcel,  the  general 
director,  calls  attention  to  the  growing  needs 
of  the  institution  and  to  the  report,  soon  to  be 
published  by  a  special  commission,  on  the 
changes  needed  in  buildings,  catalogs,  staff,  etc. 

In  the  reference  department,  565,161  volumes 
were  borrowed  by  193,451  readers,  888  being 
the  maximum  in  one  day.  In  the  reading 
room  there  were  45,911  readers  to  whom  49,506 
volumes  were  loaned.  The  geography  room 
had  2646  readers  and  loaned  49,506  pieces. 

Accessions,  through  legal  deposit :  Seine,  3924 
books  and  pamphlets,  1356  scenarios  of  cine- 
matographs, 6391  pieces  of  music ;  departments, 
10,522  books  and  pamphlets,  9358  posters,  220 
pieces  of  music,  665,000  French  newspapers  and 
periodicals,  14,002  foreign  books,  72,500  foreign 
periodicals,  6000  volumes  as  gifts;  28,201  vol- 
umes were  bound. 


346 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


The  bulletin  of  recent  French  publications 
contained  11,658  articles,  occupying  950  pages; 
the  foreign  bulletin  included  7668  numbers. 
Volumes  40  to  42  of  the  general  catalog  of 
printed  works  have  appeared.  The  year's  cat- 
alogs include  also  volumes  3  to  5  of  the  cat- 
alog of  ancient  music;  2d  series,  volume  6, 
pages  425-1030,  of  the  catalog  of  anonymous 
works  on  the  history  of  France,  and  more 
than  300,000  cards  of  the  manuscript  catalog 
of  modern  music.  An  exhibition  of  the  works 
of  Jean  Jacques  Rousseau  was  held  to  mark 
the  two  hundredth  anniversary  of  his  birth. 

In  the  department  of  manuscripts,  43,348 
readers  used  73,451  manuscripts.  494  manu- 
scripts were  loaned  to  Paris,  the  departments, 
and  foreign  borrowers.  319  manuscripts  were 
purchased,  443  received  as  gifts.  Several  cat- 
alogs of  manuscripts  were  published  during 
the  year  and  others  are  in  process. 

NEW  ENGLAND  COLLEGE  LIBRARIANS 

THE  1913  meeting  of  the  New  England  Col- 
lege Librarians  was  held  at  Yale  University 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Library,  on  Satur- 
day, April  26,  sixty  people  being  present.  The 
meeting  was  called  to  order  at  ten  o'clock  by 
Dr.  Schwab,  of  Yale,  and  continued  until  five> 
with  intermission  for  luncheon,  which  was 
served  in  Memorial  Hall.  The  following  from 
a  large  number  of  topics  suggested  for  dis- 
cussion were  chosen  by  informal  vote  and 
were  taken  up  in  order: 
The  arrangement  of  cards  under  place  names, 

with  the  future  of  the  card  catalog; 
Staff     conditions,     including    staff    meetings, 
change  of  occupations  of  the  staff,  and  va- 
cations ; 
Library  budget  and  cost  of  administration. 

Before  the  discussion  of  these  subjects  the 
reports  of  the  Committee  on  student  instruc- 
tion and  on  the  Organization  of  the  associa- 
tion were  read  and  voted  on. 

The  committee  on  Instructing  students  in 
the  use  of  the  library,  consisting  of  Ralph  K. 
Jones,  librarian  of  the  University  of  Maine; 
Miss  Isabella  M.  Cooper,  instructor  in  refer- 
ence at  Simmons  College;  N.  L.  Goodrich, 
librarian  of  Dartmouth  College,  and  John  A. 
Lowe,  librarian  of  Williams  College,  reported 
as  follows: 

In  preparing  its  report  the  committee  has 
had  before  it  data  collected  by  Secretary  Utley, 
of  the  American  Library  Association,  in  re- 
sponse to  his  questionnaire  of  last  October, 
including  replies  from  23  New  England  col- 
leges. These  replies  show  that  some  instruc- 
tion in  the  use  of  the  library  is  being  given 
in  14  of  these  colleges,  but  in  most  cases  not 
over  two  hours,  and  this  generally  in  cooper- 
ation with  the  English  department.  At  Sim- 
mons, a  one  hour  a  week  course  extending 
through  the  freshman  year  is  required  of  all 
students  registered  in  the  library  and  secre- 
tarial curricula.  At  Bates,  instruction  equal 


to  one  hour  a  week  for  the  fall  semester  has 
been  required  as  part  of  the  freshman  work 
in  English.  At  Maine,  eight  hours'  instruction 
in  the  use  of  the  library  has  been  given  by  the 
librarian  to  a  portion  of  the  freshman  class 
by  an  arrangement  made  by  the  head  of  the 
English  department. 

The  committee  made  the  following  inquiries 
of  the  32  universities,  colleges,  and  technical 
schools  in  New  England: 

1.  Do  your  freshmen  know  how  to  use  a  li- 
brary to  advantage  when  they  enter  college? 

2.  Do  you  regard  a  course  for  freshmen  on 
"Books  and  libraries"  one  hour  a  week  for  the 
fall  semester  as  desirable? 

3.  Could  your  faculty  be  persuaded  to  re- 
quire such  a  course? 

4.  Please  state  what  you  believe  should  be 
included  in  such  a  course  to  make  it  of  the 
greatest  possible  value. 

Replies  were  received  from  27  of  the  32  li- 
brarians to  whom  they  were  sent  including 
all  who  have  ever  been  present  at  any  of  the 
meetings  of  this  association.  In  23  of  these 
it  was  stated  definitely  and  in  many  cases  very 
emphatically,  that  a  majority  of  the  freshmen 
do  not  know  how  to  use  a  library  to  advan- 
tage. Only  one  expressed  the  contrary  opin- 
ion, although  three  others  were  not  positive 
enough  to  count  on  either  side. 

Twenty-three  were  of  the  opinion  that  a 
one  hour  a  week  course  for  one  semester  for 
freshmen  on  "Books  and  libraries"  is  desirable, 
while  seven  were  of  the  contrary  opinion. 
Although  a  few  optimists  believe  that  faculties 
might  be  persuaded  to  require  such  a  course, 
there  is  pretty  general  agreement  that  under 
existing  conditions  it  is  not  probable  that  they 
can  be  persuaded  to  do  so. 

The  committee  is  agreed  that  graduates  of 
secondary  schools  should  know  how  to  use  dic- 
tionaries, encyclopedias,  atlases,  magazine  in- 
dexes, and  other  reference  books;  what  cat- 
alogs may  be  expected  to  show  and  how  to  use 
them ;  at  least  a  little  of  bibliographies,  general 
and  special,  and  something  of  the  physical 
make-up  and  care  of  the  book.  If  the  grad- 
uates of  the  schools  go  to  college  handicapped 
by  lack  of  elementary  library  knowledge,  most 
of  them  will  be  forced  to  acquire  it  at  some 
time  during  their  college  course.  The  much 
greater  number  of  graduates  of  the  schools 
who  do  not  go  to  college  are  obliged  to  enter 
their  life  work  handicapped  by  the  lack  of 
training  in  and  ability  to  use  books  and  libra- 
ries which  the  schools  should  have  given  them. 
College  librarians  are  in  positions  to  recognize 
this  defect  in  the  schools,  and  to  urge  those 
in  authority  to  see  that  it  is  remedied. 

We  should  be  able  to  agree  upon  what  we 
regard  as  essentials,  and  then  try  to  devise 
means  to  bring  about  better  conditions.  We 
ought  to  see  that  minimum  requirements  for 
secondary  school  libraries  are  formulated.  We 
should  endeavor  to  do  our  part  in  supplying 
teachers  who  can  act  as  librarians  and  give  li- 
brary instruction  in  the  schools  in  connection 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


347 


with  other  teaching,  for  the  colleges  furnish 
a  large  proportion  of  the  teachers  in  the  sec- 
ondary schools,  and  library  instruction  in  nor- 
mal schools  will  relieve  the  difficulty  in  a  small 
degree  only. 

The  replies  to  the  query  as  to  what  should 
be  included  in  a  freshman  course  on  books 
and  libraries  are  summarized  for  your  con- 
sideration : 

1.  The   catalog;   its   purposes,   arrangement, 
use. 

2.  Classification;  its  purpose,  method. 

3.  Reference  books  and  indexes,  general  and 
special. 

4.  Public  documents. 

5.  Periodicals,  general  and  special. 

6.  The    book;    its    development,    make-up, 
principal  parts,  care,  value. 

7.  Bibliographical  tools. 

8.  Making  a  bibliography. 

9.  Book  selection    (including  choice  of  edi- 
tions)   and  purchase. 

10.  The  library;  its  history,  equipment,  ad- 
vantages. 

11.  Inspirational  as  suggested  by  Koopman's 
Mastery  of  books. 

The  committee  desires  to  suggest  to  the  A. 
L.  A.  Publishing  Board  the  need  for  the  pub- 
lication of  a  text-book  suitable  for  use  in 
freshman  classes,  either  as  an  independent 
course  or  in  connection  with  courses  already 
required  in  English,  history,  etc.  Such  a  book 
should  include  not  only  the  necessary  text,  but 
give  also  a  considerable  number  of  problems 
to  be  worked  out  in  the  library  as  a  laboratory. 

The  committee  recommends  also  that  the 
Library  section  of  the  National  Education 
Association  be  asked  to  consider  further  the 
need  of  library  instruction  in  secondary 
schools,  and  to  continue  its  efforts  in  that 
direction. 

The  committee  is  agreed  upon  the  need  of 
student  instruction  in  the  use  of  the  college 
library,  so  long  as  the  present  lack  of  knowl- 
edge exists  among  the  graduates  of  secondary 
schools.  Its  members  are  not  agreed  as  to 
whether  this  instruction  may  be  given  to  best 
advantage  by  members  of  the  library  staff  or 
by  other  members  of  college  faculties  as  part  of 
their  courses.*  How  much  and  just  what  this 
instruction  should  include  will  vary  with  local 
conditions. 

The  report  of  the  committee  was  accepted, 
and  they  were  requested  to  continue  their 
work  for  another  year. 

Dr.  Koopman,  of  Brown,  reported  for  the 
committee  on  organization  of  the  association, 
and  brought  up  the  following  points : 


*  Here  Mr.  Goodrich  dissents  and  "recommends  a 
concerted  movement  among  librarians  toward  the  es- 
tablishment of  the  following  condition:  that  in  every 
course  which  begins  a  subject  the  instructor  shall  be 
expected  to  devote  at  least  two  lecture  hours  to  the 
bibliography  of  that  subject,  with  special  reference  to 
the  use  of  the  local  library;  the  actual  instruction  to 
be  given  by  the  instructor  or  the  librarian  as  may  be 
decided,  but  always  with  the  understanding  that  the 
work  is  an  essential  part  of  the  course  in  question." 


1.  Not  to  merge  with  the  Eastern  College 
Librarians.     (Motion  made  and  passed.) 

2.  The  Association  to  hold  but  one  meeting 
a  year,  and  that  in  the  spring,  unless  it  seems 
advisable  to  change  the  time.     (Passed.) 

3.  To  appoint  a  standing  committee  to  as- 
sist the  secretary,  consisting  of  the  librarian 
of  the  college  where  the  Association  last  met 
and   the   librarian   of   the   college   where   the 
next  meeting  is  to  be  held.     (Passed.) 

4.  Admission  of  members  not  on  the  staff 
of   degree-granting   institutions.      (No   action 
taken.) 

5.  Annual  dues.     (Voted  not  to  establish  a 
system  of  dues.)    Dr.  Wilson  was  unanimously 
elected  secretary  for  the  coming  year. 

The  business  being  disposed  of,  Mr.  Fletcher, 
of  Amherst,  opened  the  subject  of  the  ar- 
rangement under  place  names  in  the  card  cat- 
alog. The  practices  in  several  libraries  were 
compared,  and  their  advantages  and  disadvan- 
tages discussed.  The  point  was  brought  out 
that,  after  all,  the  catalog  is  for  the  librarian, 
and  the  ideal  solution  of  the  difficulty  of  its 
use  by  the  public  is  the  presence  of  an  official 
to  assist  the  public. 

The  kindred  subject  of  the  future  of  the 
card  catalog  was  first  presented  by  Mr.  Cur- 
rier, of  Harvard,  and  then  commented  on  by 
others. 

Miss  Clark,  of  Smith,  introduced  the  matter 
of  staff  meetings,  and  several  librarians  com- 
pared notes.  The  general  opinion  was  that 
such  meetings  are  advantageous.  Miss  Clark 
also  advocated  change  of  occupations  of  the 
staff  as  a  relief  from  tension.  This  was  dis- 
cussed, but  the  general  feeling  seemed  to  be 
that  real  efficiency  must  come  as  the  result 
of  specializing. 

Here  the  meeting  was  adjourned  for  lunch- 
eon, but  it  was  decided  to  continue  the  con- 
ference in  the  afternoon. 

At  the  second  session  the  question  of  vaca- 
tions and  sick  leave  was  first  taken  up.  The 
vacations,  as  reported  by  different  librarians, 
varied  from  one  month  to  three,  and  the  sick 
leave  varied  even  more. 

Dr.  Schwab  then  took  up  the  subject  of  the 
library  budget,  explaining  its  nature  and  how 
it  is  evolved  through  the  experience  of  past 
years.  The  allied  topic  of  cost  of  administra- 
tion grew  out  of  the  discussion  of  the  budget, 
and  the  question  was  raised  as  to  what  pro- 
portion the  cost  of  administration  should  bear 
to  the  cost  of  book  purchases.  Some  figures 
from  a  library  paper  were  quoted  to  show  that 
in  a  library  whose  income  is  small,  say  under 
$20,000,  the  tendency  is  to  have  the  amount 
spent  on  books  exceed  that  spent  on  adminis- 
tration, and  above  that  figure  the  reverse  is 
true. 

At  five  the  conference  broke  up.  Dr.  Wilson 
invited  the  Association  to  meet  with  him  at 
Dark  University  next  spring,  which  invitation 
was  gladly  accepted.  A  vote  of  thanks  was 
extended  to  Dr.  Schwab  and  Mr.  Keogh  as 
hosts,  and  all  expressed  their  enjoyment  and 
appreciation  of  the  success  of  the  meeting. 


348 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


NATIONAL  EDUCATION  ASSOCIATION 

—LIBRARY    DEPARTMENT 

ANNUAL    MEETING,    SALT    LAKE    CITY, 

JULY   7-n,    1913 

Monday,  July  7,  9.30  a.m. 

Topic:     The     library     and    the     elementary 

school. 

Welcome — Howard  R.  Driggs,  State  Educa- 
tion Department,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
Connecting  the  public  schools  with  the  public 
library.      Howard   R.    Driggs,    Salt    Lake 
City,  Utah. 

The  training  of  teachers  in  a  knowledge  of 
children's  books.  Mrs.  Philander  P.  Clax- 
ton,  Washington,  D.  C. 
The  library  hour  in  the  schools.  Harriet  A. 
Wood,  Public  Library,  Portland,  Oregon. 
Discussion  led  by  Joanna  Sprague,  Public 

Library,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
Notable   recent   books    for   children.      Sympo- 
sium   conducted   by    Erne    Power,    Public 
Library,   St.   Louis. 

There  will  be  an  exhibition  of  children's 
books  and  various  library  aids  for  teachers, 
also  of  public  library  work  for  public  schools. 

Wednesday,  July  9,  2.30  p.m. 
Topic :  The  library  and  the  rural  community. 
Libraries   for  rural  communities.     Dr.   Phi- 
lander P.  Claxton,  Commissioner  of  Edu- 
cation, Washington,  D.  C. 
Rural  school  libraries,  their  needs  and  pos- 
sibilities.   O.  S.  Rice,  State  Education  De- 
partment, Madison,  Wis. 
The  influence  of  the  agricultural  college  on 
the   farmer's   use   of  books.     William  M. 
Hepburn,    Purdue    University,    Lafayette, 
Ind. 

Discussion : 

I  L.    R.    Alderman,    Supt.    of    Public    In- 

struction, Salem,  Oregon. 
Ernest  E.  Balcomb,   State  Normal  and 
Industrial  College,  Greensboro,  N.  C. 
E.   M.   Phillips,  Rural   School  Commis- 
sioner, St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Mary    L.    Jones,    County    Library,    Los 

Angeles,  Cal. 

There  will  be  an  exhibit  by  the  League  of 
Library  Commissions,  showing  library  work 
for  rural  districts.  There  will  also  be  a  model 
rural  school  library,  books  for  a  neighborhood 
library,  etc. 

Friday,  July  n,  9.30  a.m.    Round  table  session 
Topic:    The  best   use   of   libraries    in   high 

schools  and  normal  schools. 
Report  of  Committee  on  normal  school  li- 
braries   in    the    United    States.      Ida    M. 
Mendenhall,  chairman. 

Training  high  school  students  in  the  use  of 
a   library.     Lucile   Fargo,    North    Central 
High  School,  Spokane,  Wash. 
Topics  suggested  for  brief  five  or  three  min- 
ute talks  by  teachers  and  school  librarians : 
How  can  we  create  the  right  attitude  to- 
ward required  reading? 
Ways  of  interesting  high  school  students 
in  good  reading. 


How  can  the  school  library  best  aid  in  the 

work  of  each  department? 
Library  lessons  in  the  grades : 

Length  and  number  of  lessons. 

Subjects  taught  in  the  different  grades. 

Practice  lessons  given  by  students. 
Courses   in  children's   literature   given  by 

normal  school  students: 

Number  of  lessons.    Best  helps.  Results. 

State  law  requiring  such  lessons. 
Question    box :    Some    problems    of    school 
librarians. 

Library  exhibit 

I.  Library  aids   for   teachers   in   elementary 
and  normal  schools. 

a.  Some  good  editions  of  children's  books. 

b.  Some  of  the  best  printed  lists  of  books 

for  children,  Graded  lists,  Books  for 
children  to  own.  etc. 

c.  Aids   in  story  telling. 

d.  Reference  material  obtainable  at  slight 

cost. 

e.  Aids   in   the   organization  and   care  of 

school  libraries. 

II.  High    school    exhibit:    Library    aids    for 
teachers  and  librarians. 

a.  Aids  in  book  selection  for  high  school 

libraries. 

b.  Reading  lists  for  high  school  pupils. 

c.  Helps  in  debate  work. 

d.  Helps   in  vocational   guidance. 

e.  Use    and    care    of    clippings,    mounted 

pictures,  etc. 

f.  Aids  in  training  students  in  the  use  of 

books. 

g.  Illustrated  editions  for  high  school  li- 

braries. 

III.  Public  library  work  for  public  schools. 

IV.  Library  work  for  rural  communities :  Ex- 

hibit loaned  by  the  League  of  Library 
Commissions. 

Note. — For  information  as  to  railroad  rates, 
routes,  excursions,  etc.,  write  to  A.  G.  Mac- 
kenzie, chairman  of  Publicity  Committee,  Na- 
tional Education  Association,  Salt  Lake  City, 
Utah. 

Local  arrangements  for  the  library  depart- 
ment are  in  the  hands  of  the  following  per- 
sons :  Esther  Nelson,  chairman  of  local  com- 
mittee, Library  Department,  N.  E.  A.,  Uni- 
versity of  Utah,  Salt  Lake  City;  Joanna 
Sprague,  chairman  of  committee  on  library 
exhibit,  Public  Library,  Salt  Lake  City. 

Reduced  round  trip  fares  to  Salt  Lake  City 
are  authorized  for  all  N.  E.  A.  delegates  and 
friends.  The  fares  from  a  few  of  the  principal 
points  are  given  below.  Tickets  will  be  on 
sale  from  nearly  all  points  in  the  United  States 
on  a  similar  basis : 

Buffalo,   N.   Y $62.20 

Chicago,   111 43-oo 

Cleveland,  O SS-oo 

Denver,    Colo 22.50 

New   York    City 76.30 

Los  Angeles. 35-OO 

Final  return  limit,   Oct.  31. 
Stopovers    allowed    at    all    points    west    of 
Missouri  River. 


June,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


349 


Hmertcan 


Bssoctation 


CONFERENCE  AT  HOTEL  KAATERSKILL 
REGISTRATION   LIST 

The  advance  registration  list  for  the  Kaaters- 
kill  Conference  will  be  compiled  from  the  room 
reservations  filed  with  the  manager  of  the 
Hotel  Kaaterskill.  Any  person  expecting  to  at- 
tend the  conference  who  has  not  made  room 
reservations  as  above  is  requested  to  send  his 
name  and  address  to  the  secretary  of  the 
American  Library  Association,  78  East  Wash- 
ington street,  Chicago. 

FINAL   TRAVEL    NOTICE 

Hotel  Kaaterskill  station  is  on  the  Ulster  & 
Delaware  R.  R.,  and  is  reached  via  Kingston, 
N.  Y.,  or  Oneonta,  N.  Y.  There  is  also  a 
connection  via  Catskill  and  the  Otis  Elevating 
Railway  to  Otis  Summit,  where  the  hotel  car- 
riages will  meet  trains.  It  is  somewhat  cheaper 
and  quicker  this  way  from  Albany  and  from 
points  in  New  England  and  the  west  via  Al- 
bany, but  a  change  of  cars  is  necessary  at 
Catskill  and  again  at  the  base  of  the  Otis  Ele- 
vating Railway. 

SPECIAL  RAILROAD  RATES   FROM   MIDDLE  ATLANTIC 
STATES 

The  only  special  rate  granted  this  year  for 
the  A.  L.  A.  conference  is  that  of  one  fare  and 
three -fifths  for  round  trip,  on  the  certificate 
plan,  from  points  in  the  Trunk  Line  territory. 
This  includes  territory  west  of  New  England, 
east  of  and  including  Buffalo,  Erie  and  Pitts- 
burgh, and  south  to  Washington  and  Charles- 
ton, W.  Va.  Tickets  are  on  sale  June  19  to 
25,  good  returning  June  26  to  July  7.  So  many 
restrictions  are  made  that  the  Travel  com- 
mittee does  not  recommend  their  use.  The 
rate  is  not  much  cheaper  than  the  regular 
summer  excursion  (from  New  York  City  it 
is  more  expensive).  It  requires  that  tickets 
be  bought  only  to  the  gateways  of  the  Cats- 
kills,  and  there  local  full  fare  tickets  must  be 
purchased  and  baggage  re-checked.  It  re- 
stricts return  journey  to  within  one  week  of 
adjournment,  and  allows  no  stop-overs  except 
at  Albany  and  Utica  (ten  days),  and  unless 
one  hundred  persons  use  this  certificate  plan 
no  reduction  from  double  the  one-way  fare  will 
be  made.  The  committee  does  not  believe  that 
there  will  be  one  hundred  certificates.  Don't 
use  certificate  plan. 

Therefore  the  only  way  to  save  anything 
over  double  the  one-way  fare  is  to  purchase, 
where  possible,  summer  round-trip  excursion 
tickets  to  Hotel  Kaaterskill,  or  Otis  Summit. 
These  are  good  all  summer  (see  under  New 
York,  Philadelphia  and  Washington  party  be- 
low). 

FROM    POINTS    IN    NEW   ENGLAND   AND   THE    WEST 

From  all  parts  of  the  country  outside  Trunk 
Line  territory  no  rate  is  made  us  this  year. 
Regular  fare  must  be  paid,  unless  some  sum- 


mer excursion  rate  is  available.  Such  a  rate 
is  made  from  New  England  points,  to  Hotel 
Kaaterskill  or  Otis  Summit,  both  by  rail  and 
via  the  boat  lines  (see  also  Boston  party  plans 
below).  From  the  middle  west,  while  no  rates 
are  made  to  Catskills,  a  New  York  City  thirty- 
day  excursion  rate  is  made,  which  will  result 
in  a  saving  of  a  few  dollars  for  delegates,  but 
it  will  be  necessary  to  buy  local  ticket  to  the 
meeting-place  from  Kingston  ($1.35),  and  local 
ticket  from  the  meeting-place  to  New  York 
City  ($2.66)  in  order  to  have  return  ticket 
validated.  A  similar  thirty-day  excursion  is 
sold  to  Boston,  which  would  mean  procuring 
a  ten-day  stop-over  at  Albany,  and  after  the 
meeting  going  on  to  Boston  to  validate  for  the 
return.  Thus  local  fare,  Albany  to  Hotel 
Kaaterskill  and  return,  would  have  to  be  paid 
(see  also  under  Western  Party  plans  below). 

From  western  points  a  round  trip  thirty- 
day  ticket  is  also  sold  to  Saratoga  Springs, 
N.  Y.,  which,  for  those  not  desiring  to  go  to 
New  York  City  or  Boston,  will  be  found  the 
cheapest  way  to  attend  the  conference.  This 
would  mean  taking  a  ten-day  stop-over  at  Al- 
bany, buying  local  ticket  from  Albany  to  Hotel 
Kaaterskill  or  Otis  Summit,  and  after  the 
meeting  running  up  to  Saratoga,  which  is  quite 
near  Albany  and  well  worth  seeing. 

It  should  be  noted  that  all  tickets  reading 
via  Utica  or  via  Albany  are  good  for  a  ten- 
day  stop-over  at  either  or  both  of  these  cities, 
both  going  and  returning.  This  may  be  a  help 
to  those  planning  to  take  the  post-conference 
trip,  provided  they  do  not  wish  to  spend  more 
than  ten  days  in  the  Adirondacks  (see  under 
Post-conference  trip  expense). 

The  Travel  committee  has  planned,  as  usual, 
personally  conducted  parties  from  Boston,  New 
York  and  Chicago.  Detailed  notice  of  these 
follows. 

BOSTON    PARTY 

(In  charge  of  Mr.  Frederick  W.  Faxon.) 

Buy  summer  excursion  round-trip  ticket,  and 
check  baggage  to  Otis  Summit  via  Boston  & 
Albany  R.  R.  to  Albany,  West  Shore  R.  R.  to 
Catskill,  and  thence  to  Otis  Summit. 

Send  Pullman  fare  and  50  cents  for  breakfast 
at  Albany  to  F.  W.  Faxon,  83  Francis  street, 
Fenway,  Boston,  before  June  15. 

Party  will  leave  Boston  Sunday  evening, 
June  22,  from  South  Station  at  11.15  P-^ii 
(Worcester  12.32  midnight),  in  special  Pull- 
mans (ready  for  occupancy  at  9.30  p.m.), 
which  will  run  through  to  Catskill,  due  in  Al- 
bany at  6  a.m.,  where  cars  will  be  side-tracked 
and  attached  to  the  9.40  West  Shore  train 
south.  Special  breakfast  in  railroad  station, 
7  to  9,  50  cents.  At  Catskill  (11.02)  party  will 
transfer  for  the  Otis  Elevating  Railway,  and 
should  arrive  at  Hotel  Kaaterskill  at  about 
12.30  noon  on  Monday. 

Summer  excursion  round  trip  rate  was  $12.40 
last  summer,  and  will  doubtless  be  the  same 
this  vear. 


350 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


PULLMAN     RATES 

Lower  berth $2.00 

Upper  berth i-oo 

Drawing-room     (accommodating     two     or     three 

persons) 7-OO 

Compartment   (or  stateroom)    for  two  persons..     6.00 
Special  breakfast  at  Albany,  railroad  restaurant.       .50 

The  amount  to  cover  Pullman  and  breakfast 
(if  desired)  should  be  sent  to  F.  W.  Faxon, 
83  Francis  street,  Fenway,  Boston,  before  June 
15.  Early  application  for  drawing-rooms  and 
compartments  will  be  necessary.  The  com- 
mitteee  cannot  promise  to  get  them,  but  will 
do  its  best  to  do  so.  Albany  delegates  will  be 
welcome  to  join  us. 

Note. — Several  New  England  inquiries  have 
been  made  concerning  going  to  the  meeting  by 
water.  The  following  information  is  given  for 
those  desiring  such  a  trip: 

Via  Fall  River  Line  to  New  York  City,  and 
Hudson  River  Day  Line,  thence  to  Catskill, 
and  rail  to  Otis  Summit,  returning  same 
route,  round  trip  $12.85.  State  rooms  on  SS. 
Providence,  Fall  River  Line,  from  $i  upwards, 
accommodating  one  to  three  persons.  Early 
application  necessary  for  outside  rooms.  Boat 
train  leaves  Boston  (South  Station)  6  p.m. 
Boat  leaves  Fall  River  7.40  p.m.,  due  in  New 
York  (pier  14)  7  a.m.  Breakfast  may  be  had 
on  board.  Hudson  River  Day  Line  steamer 
leaves  New  York  (Desbrpsses  street  pier,  20 
blocks  north  from  Fall  River  and  Providence 
Line  piers)  at  8.40  a.m.,  due  at  Catskill  3.25 
p.m.  Restaurant  on  board.  Sittings  should 
be  secured  on  port  side  for  the  scenery. 

Instead  of  Fall  River  Line,  the  Providence 
Line  steamers  may  be  used,  fare  being  the 
same.  Providence  Line  boat  train  leaves  South 
Station,  Boston,  at  6.39  p.m.  Steamer  due  in 
New  York,  at  pier  15,  North  River,  7  a.m. 

The  trip  can  also  be  made  going  by  rail  to 
Albany  with  the  personally  conducted  party, 
thence  by  water  via  Hudson  River  Day  Line 
'(8.30  a.m.)  to  Catskill  (n  a.m.),  joining  spe- 
cial party  again  there,  and  returning  via  Hud- 
son River  Day  Line  to  New  York,  thence  Fall 
River  Line  to  Boston.  This  ticket  (Boston  to 
Albany,  Hudson  River  Day  Line  to  New  York, 
and  Fall  River  Line  to  Boston,  or  vice  versa) 
costs  $10.50,  and  a  stop-over  for  the  confer- 
ence will  be  allowed  at  Catskill  on  application 
to  purser  of  the  steamer.  Then  local  fare 
Catskill  to  Otis  Summit  and  return,  99  cents 
each  way,  must  be  added.  Trie  transfer  of 
baggage  in  New  York  is  not  included — 50  cents 
each  for  trunks. 

NEW    YORK;    PHILADELPHIA    AND    WASHINGTON 
PARTY 

(In  charge  of  Mr.  Charles  H.  Brown,  26  Bre- 
voort  Place,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.) 

Register  with  him  on  or  before  June  18,  and 
send  him  parlor  care  fare  (75  c.),  if  seat  is 
desired  from  New  York  to  Kaaterskill. 

There  are  many  different  routes  for  those 
attending  the  convention  from  New  York  and 
the  South.  It  is  possible  to  reach  the  Hotel 


Kaaterskill  from  New  York  by  day  boat  to 
Kingston,  connecting  with  train  on  the  Ul- 
ster &  Delaware  R.  R.  to  the  Hotel  Kaaters- 
kill, or  by  day  boat  or  night  boat  to  Catskill, 
connecting  with  the  Otis  Elevating  Railway 
to  the  hotel.  The  more  convenient  route,  how- 
ever, is  via  the  West  Shore  and  Ulster  &  Dela- 
ware, inasmuch  as  all  other  lines  necessitate  a 
change  from  boat  to  train  at  Kingston  or 
Catskill,  and  a  transfer  and  re-checking  of 
baggage  at  New  York.  The  West  Shore  R.  R. 
will  run  through  coaches  and  parlor  cars  from 
New  York  direct  to  the  hotel. 

The  Travel  committee  has  arranged  for  spe- 
cial service  on  the  trains  listed  below,  on  Mon- 
day, June  23.  In  order  that  space  may  be  pro- 
vided for  all,  it  is  earnestly  requested  that 
everyone  who  expects  to  take  either  of  these 
trains  will  register  with  Mr.  C.  H.  Brown,  26 
Brevoort  Place,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  on  or  before 
Wednesday,  June  18. 

The  train  leaving  New  York  (Liberty 
street)  at  9.45  a.m.  is  composed  solely  of  par- 
lor and  observation  cars.  Those  who  wish  to 
take  this  train,  or  who  wish  a  parlor  seat  on 
the  12.40  p.m.  train  from  New  York,  should 
enclose  75  cents  for  a  reservation.  No  enclo- 
sure should  be  made  by  those  who  desire  to 
use  the  special  coaches  on  the  12.40  p.m.  train. 

New  York  party 

June  23.  9.45  a.m.  or  12.40  p.m.  Leave  New 
York,  West  Shore  R.  R.  (Cortlandt 
street  ferry). 

10.00  a.m.  or  i.oo  p.m.  Leave  New 
York,  West  Shore  R.  R.  (W.  42d 
street  ferry). 

2.33  p.m.  or  6.00  p.m.  Arrive  Kaat- 
erskill. 

Philadelphia,  Baltimore  and  Washington  party 

June  23.    7.00  a.m.  Leave    Washington  (B.  & 

O.). 

7.55  a.m.  Leave  Baltimore  (B.  &.  O.). 
10.20  a.m.    Leave  Philadelphia  (P.  & 

R.,  24th  and  Chestnut  streets). 
12.35  p.m.    Arrive  Liberty  street,  New 

York. 
12.40  p.m.  Leave  Cortlandt  street,  New 

York  (West  Shore  R.R.). 
6.oop.m.  Arrive  Kaaterskill. 
The   Philadelphia  party  may  also  take  the 
10.00  a.m.  train  from  the  Reading  Terminal, 
as  follows: 

10.00  a.m.    Leave  Philadelphia  (Reading  Ter- 
minal). 

11.50  a.m.    Arrive  New  York  (Liberty  street). 
12.40  p.m.  Leave  New  York  (Cortlandt  street). 
6.00  p.m.    Arrive  Kaaterskill. 

The  West  Shore  ferry  at  Cortlandt  street 
adjoins  the  P.  &  R.  ferry  at  Liberty  street. 
A.  L.  A.  representatives  will  meet  the  train 
from  Philadelphia,  Baltimore  and  Washington 
at  Jersey  City.  Baggage  can  be  checked  direct 
from  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore  and 
Washington  to  Kaaterskill  via  B.  &  O.,  Phila- 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


351 


delphia  &  Reading,  West  Shore,  and  Ulster  & 
Delaware  Railroads.  All  tickets  should  read  via 
these  lines.  This  route  will  save  all  charges 
for  transfer  of  baggage  in  New  York.  The 
12.40  p.m.  train  from  Cortlandt  street,  New 
York,  will  wait  for  southern  connections  for 
those  who  register  in  advance. 

The  following  are  the  single  and  summer  ex- 
cursion fares: 


One  way.  excursion. 
New    York    to    Kaaterskill  ----  $3.25  $5.80 

Philadelphia   to   Kaaterskill....     5.53  10.05 

Baltimore    to    Kaaterskill  ......     7.93  J4'55 

Washington    to    Kaaterskill  ----     8.93  16.55 

Those  intending  to  take  post-conference  trip 
had  better  buy  one-way  tickets  and  save  pos- 
sible inconvenience  on  return  journey, 

Parlor  car  fare  from  New  York  to  Kaaterskill.  $0.75 

Philadelphia    to    Kaaterskill.     1.25 

Washington  to  Kaaterskill.     2.00 

The  time  table  as  announced  above  may  be 
slightly  changed,  but  all  who  register  will  be 
notified  of  any  alterations. 

All  inquiries  in  regard  to  the  New  York  and 
Southern  party,  and  all  reservations  should  be 
addressed  to  Charles  H.  Brown,  26  Brevoort 
Place,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Inasmuch  as  the  New  York  State  Pharma- 
ceutical Association  meets  at  Otis  Summit  on 
Monday,  June  23,  the  regular  trains  from  this 
section  will  be  overcrowded.  In  order  to  pro- 
vide accommodations  for  all  on  the  American 
Library  Association  special  cars  and  trains  it 
is  important  that  every  one  who  expects  to  go 
to  the  Hotel  Kaaterskill  on  Monday,  June  23, 
by  train  will  register  as  noted  above. 

CHICAGO    PARTY    (INCLUDING    MIDDLE   WEST) 

A  special  electric-lighted  train  will  leave 
Chicago  via  the  Lake  Shore  and  Michigan 
Southern  Railway  (La  Salle  Station,  La  Salle 
and  Van  Buren  streets),  on  Sunday  morning, 
June  22,  at  10.30,  and  arrive  at  Cleveland  at 
7.30  p.m.,  Buffalo  at  11.59  p.m.,  and  Albany 
Monday  morning,  June  23,  at  845  a.m. 

In  order  to  allow  delegates  from  the  west 
a  glimpse  of  the  new  State  Library  and  the 
new  quarters  of  the  library  school,  a  stop- 
over for  three  hours  has  been  arranged  at 
Albany.  Special  train  will  resume  journey 
at  11.30  a.m.,  and  arrive  at  Kaaterskill  at 
3.30  p.m. 

No  special  rates  will  be  granted  by  the  rail- 
roads from  Chicago  and  the  west  to  the 
Kaaterskill  conference,  but  the  regular  thirty- 
day,  round-trip  summer  excursion  tickets  to 
New  York,  costing  $30,  or  Saratoga  Springs 
tickets,  costing  $24.10,  are  recommended.  These 
tickets  will  have  to  be  validated  at  destination 
points,  New  York  City  or  Saratoga  Springs, 
before  returning  home. 

On  New  York  City  tickets  no  stopover  will 
be  allowed  between  Albany  and  New  York 
City,  making  it  necessary  to  purchase  local 
ticket  from  Kingston  to  Kaaterskill,,  90  c.  party 
rate,  at  Kingston,  and  local  ticket  from  Kaa- 


terskill to  New  York  City,  $3.28,  at  Kaaters- 
kill, when  returning. 

Those  who  do  not  wish  to  go  to  New  York 
City,  but  desire  a  more  direct  and  convenient 
way  of  returning  home,  are  advised  to  pur- 
chase the  round  trip  excursion  ticket  to  Sara- 
toga Springs,  costing  $24.10.  Such  tickets 
must  be  deposited  at  Albany  for  stopover  on 
the  going  journey,  and  local  tickets  purchased, 
Albany  to  Kaaterskill  and  return,  $4.59.  Upon 
arriving  at  Albany  on  return  journey  tickets 
may  be  claimed  and  validated  at  Saratoga 
Springs. 

The  Saratoga  Springs  ticket  is  'recom- 
mended for  those  who  purpose  joining  the 
post  conference  party.  Members  planning  to 
accompany  the  Lake  Placid  section  will  have 
to  journey  to  Saratoga  Springs  from  Albany, 
to  have  their  tickets  validated,  before  starting 
on  the  trip,  which  enters  the  Adirondacks  via 
Utica.  The  Lake  Placid  party,  upon  arrival 
at  Utica  going,  must  deposit  tickets  there  for 
stopover,  and  take  them  up  on  returning  from 
the  mountains.  Those  traveling  north  with 
the  other  section  around  the  mountains  to 
Hotel  Champlain,  thence  to  Ausable  Chasm, 
returning  to  Albany,  may  have  tickets  validated 
at  Saratoga  Springs  when  passing  through.  ^ 

New  York  City  tickets  should  be  routed  via 
Lake  Shore,  Michigan  Southern,  and  N.  Y.  C. 
and  H.  R.  R.  R. 

The  regular  one  way  rate,  Chicago  to  King- 
ston, is  $19.32,  and  proportional  rates,  based 
upon  the  above,  will  prevail  from  points  out- 
side of  Chicago. 

Delegates  who  buy  New  York  City  tickets 
have  the  option  of  returning  all  rail  to  Chi- 
cago, or  Hudson  River  steamers  to  Albany, 
and  steamer  Buffalo  to  Cleveland. 

Attractive  circle  tours,  with  a  sixty-day 
limit  are  offered,  at  slight  additional  cost, 
from  New  York  City.  Information  concern- 
ing these  tours  will  be  furnished  by  local  rail- 
road office. 

Applications  for  Pullman  reservation  must 
be  accompanied  by  deposit,  covering  the  kind 
of  accommodation  desired,  not  later  than  June 
10.  Rates  are  for  lower  berth,  $4.75;  upper 
berth,  $3.80;  section,  $8.55;  compartment  (two 
persons),  $13.50;  drawing  room  (three  per- 
sons), $17.  Meals  will  be  served  in  the  dining 
car  a  la  carte. 

All  correspondence  concerning  western  party 
should  be  addressed  to  John  F.  Phelan,  Public 
Library,  Chicago. 

(Send  deposit  for  Pullman  reservation  to 
John  F.  Phelan,  Chicago  Public  Library,  be- 
fore June  10.) 

POST  CONFERENCE  TRIP 

Apply  for  reservations  to  Mr.  F.  W.  Faxon, 
83  Francis  street,  Boston,  Mass.,  before  June 
15.  Money  to  be  paid  before  June  26. 

A  very  delightful  eight-day  trip  has  been  ar- 
ranged, covering  a  day  at  Albany,  and  a  week 
in  the  Adirondack  region.  The  latter  half  of 


352 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


the  trip  offers  the  alternative  of  Lake  Placid 
for  four  days,  with  opportunity  for  many  side 
excursions,  or  four  days  spent  partly  at  Sar- 
anac  Lake  and  partly  at  Hotel  Champlain,  with 
a  return  if  desired  through  Lake  George.  Thus 
all  will  see  the  Fulton  Chain  region,  Raquette 
Lake  and  Blue  Mountain  Lake,  and  those 
familiar  with  Placid  or  Lake  Champlain  and 
Lake  George  may  choose  the  alternative  de- 
sired. 

At  Albany,  where  we  spend  Sunday,  the  new 
Education  Building  and  State  Library  will  be 
open  to  the  A.  L.  A.  party,  and  members  of 
the  library  staff  will  be  on  duty  to  act  as 
guides.  Informal  headquarters  will  be  made 
here.  The  day  being  Sunday,  no  set  program 
will  be  undertaken. 

Leaving  Albany  very  early  Monday  morning, 
with  a  special  dining-car  breakfast,  the  jour- 
ney to  Old  Forge  will  be  through  the  pictur- 
esque Mohawk  Valley,  along  the  river  and 
through  the  Adirondack  foothills.  At  Old 
Forge  the  party  will  proceed  by  boat  through 
the  first  four  lakes  of  the  famous  Fulton  Chain, 
which  is  really  formed  by  the  widening  of  the 
Moose  River.  Eagle  Bay  Hotel,  at  the  head 
of  Fourth  Lake,  has  been  selected  as  a  conve- 
nient spot  for  headquarters,  and,  from  that 
point,  a  very  delightful  trip  has  been  planned 
to  Raquette  and  Blue  Mountain  Lakes.  Ra- 
quette Lake,  the  "queen  of  the  Adirondacks," 
is  1700  feet  above  the  ocean.  The  party  will 
proceed  by  boat  through  Raquette  Lake  into 
Marion  River,  which  is  a  fair  representative 
of  a  great  many  of  the  high  country  streams ; 
deep,  dark,  still,  covered  with  lily  pads  and 
bordered  with  reedy  marsh.  It  is  famed  as  a 
place  for  deer  hunting.  The  portage  to  Uto- 
wana  Lake  is  made  on  a  funny  little  wooden 
railroad  from  which  the  passengers  can  alight, 
pick  flowers  or  ferns,  and  then  rush  on  and 
catch  the  train.  Another  boat  will  be  waiting 
to  convey  the  party  through  Utowana  and 
Eagle  Lakes,  by  the  famous  old  eagle's  nest, 
into  Blue  Mountain  Lake.  It  is  three  miles 
long  and  is  nearly  surrounded  by  mountains, 
sharing  with  Placid  the  claim  of  being  the 
prettiest  lake  in  the  eastern  states.  At  the 
head  of  the  lake,  towering  4000  feet  above  sea 
level,  is  Blue  Mountain,  which  the  Indians 
called  To-wah-loon-dah,  "Hill  of  Stones." 
Time  will  be  allowed  for  experienced  moun- 
tain climbers  to  climb  to  its  summit. 

Aside  from  the  special  trips,  the  daily  life  in 
the  Adirondacks  offers  attractions  not  to  be 
equalled.  The  beach  at  Eagle  Bay  is  excellent 
for  bathing,  and  the  romantic  little  winding 
waterways  promise  pleasant  hours  in  a  canoe. 
This  Eagle  Bay-Blue  Mountain  district  is  so 
seldom  visited  that  it  gives  visitors  an  oppor- 
tunity to  see  the  "big  woods"  in  a  nearly  prim- 
itive condition. 

Back  of  the  hotel  is  Eaijle  Mountain  with  a 
very  accessible  trail  leading  to  the  summit, 
where  climbers  find  the  shelter  of  a  "lean-to" 
from  which  they  can  get  a  wonderful  view  of 


the  lake  and  surrounding  mountains.  More 
ambitious  climbers  will  find  that  Rocky  Moun- 
tain, a  little  further  up  the  lake,  is  a  delightful 
tramp.  From  the  top  of  this  mountain  a  more 
extensive  view  of  the  region  is  visible. 

There  will  be  music  for  dancing  at  the  Eagle 
Bay  Casino,  but  more  interesting  still  is  the 
Adirondack  custom  of  gathering  around  the 
nightly  campfire  to  exchange  yarns.  Open 
camps  or '"lean-tos"  lined  with  balsam  boughs 
are  provided  for  one's  comfort,  in  front  of  a 
fire  of  huge  logs. 

Leaving  Eagle  Bay,  Wednesday  after  lunch, 
the  party  proceeds  by  train  to  Carter,  which  is 
the  Adirondack  Division  main-line  junction, 
and  thence  to  Saranac  Inn  station,  where  the 
party  will  divide,  party  no.  I  going  on  without 
stop  to  Lake  Placid,  where  the  rest  of  the 
week  will  be  spent  at  the  Lake  Placid  Club,  on 
the  shores  of  Mirror  Lake  and  Lake  Placid,  a 
spot  unsurpassed  in  beauty  anywhere  in  the 
east.  Here,  at  the  home  of  several  members 
of  the  A.  L.  A.,  gala  attractions  are  planned 
for  us,  such  as  a  campfire  supper,  feast  of  lan- 
terns, lake  fire  and  water  curtain,  and  concerts 
by  a  famous  string  quartet.  There  are  endless 
tramps  and  drives  available,  and  mountain 
climbers  may  choose  from  Tahawas,  Mclntyre, 
Whiteface,  Eagle's  Eyrie,  Overlook,  Whitney 
and  Cobble.  Golf,  tennis,  boating  on  the  lakes 
will  interest  many.  Motor  trips  open  up  Sara- 
nac, Keene  Valley,  St.  Hubert's,  Wilmington 
Notch,  Cascade  Lakes.  A  trip  to  Ausable 
Chasm  is  planned  for  one  of  the  days,  but  is 
not  included  in  the  party  ticket  as  was  first 
planned,  the  committee  feeling  that  better  rates 
could  be  had  thus. 

It  is  certain  that  many  will  wish  to  remain 
longer  than  has  been  planned  for  in  the  party 
ticket.  Such  as  desire  may  prolong  their  stay 
at  the  club  up  to  July  31  at  $3  a  day  ($4  with 
private  bath),  and  should  any  desire  less  ex- 
pensive quarters  in  boarding  houses  near  by, 
these  may  be  had,  also  until  July  31,  at  $2 
a  day. 

While  party  no.  i  is  enjoying  the  woods  and 
fetes  at  Lake  Placid  party  no.  2  (under  per- 
sonal conduct  of  Mr.  C.  H.  Brown  of  the 
Travel  committee)  has  spent  a  delightful  day 
at  Saranac  Inn,  on  Upper  Saranac  Lake,  and 
had  an  opportunity  to  visit  Lower  Saranac 
Lake  en  route  to  Hotel  Champlain,  at  Bluff 
Point,  Lake  Champlain.  Here  excursions  on 
the  big  lake  are  available,  and  the  trip  to 
Ausable  Chasm  can  be  easily  made.  This  has 
not  been  included  in  the  party  ticket,  nor  have 
the  meals  at  Hotel  Champlain,  as  it  will  be  run 
this  year  entirely  on  the  European  plan.  The 
Ausable  Chasm  trip  costs  $2.35,  not  including 
lunch,  which  may  be  had  at  Hotel  Ausable 
Chasm  for  $1.25.  Any  desiring  to  stay  longer 
than  the  time  included  in  party  ticket  can  do  so, 
the  rates  for  rooms  being  from  $1.50  each  person 
per  day,  if  two  occupy  one  room,  or  $2  a  day 
for  single  rooms.  Party  ticket  includes  rail- 
road ticket  back  to  Albany,  but  any  desiring 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


353 


to  make  the  trip  through  Lake  George  may  do 
so,  and  railroad  tickets  will  be  honored  on 
steamer  on  payment  of  $1.50  to  the  purser. 

ITINERARY  OF  POST-CONFERENCE  TRIP 

Saturday,  June  28. 

Leave  Hotel  Kaaterskill  at  about  2  p.m. 
(Check  trunks  to  Eagle  Bay  Hotel,  Adir- 
ondacks,  N.  Y.) 

Arrive  at  Albany  for  supper.  (Use  hand- 
bags only  for  the  two  nights  in  Albany. 
Mail  and  telegrams,  Hotel  Ten  Eyck,  Al- 
bany.) 

(All  meals  in  Albany  at  individual  expense. 
Committee  recommends  Hotel  Ten  Eyck, 
and  for  moderate  priced  outside  restaurant, 
Keeler's,  56  State  street,  just  below  the 
hotel  on  opposite  side.) 
Sunday,  June  29. 

In  Albany.     New  State  Library  and  Educa- 
tion Building  open  to  party.     Guides  will 
be  in  readiness. 
Monday,  June  30. 

6.30  a.m.    Leave  Albany,  N.  Y.  Central  sta- 
tion, for  Old  Forge,  Adirondacks,  special 
highbacked  coaches.    Dining-car  breakfast 
between  Albany  and  Utica. 
11.15  a.m-     Arrive  Fulton  Chain. 
11.35  a.m.     Arrive  Old  Forge,  where  boats 
will  be  taken  to  Eagle  Bay,  arriving  for 
lunch    at    1.30  p.m.     Mail    and   telegrams 
Eagle    Bay    Hotel,    Eagle    Bay,    Adiron- 
dacks, N.  Y. 
Tuesday,  July  I. 

9.45  a.m.  Leave  Eagle  Bay  for  special  ex- 
cursion to  Raquette  and  Blue  Mountain 
Lakes,  with  lunch  at  Blue  Mountain 
House.  Return  to  Eagle  Bay  Hotel  for 
supper. 
Wednesday,  July  2. 

1.40  p.m.     Leave  Eagle  Bay  by  train. 
Party  no.  I  check  trunks  to  Lake  Placid 

Club. 

Party  no.  2,  to  Hotel  Champlain. 
3.24  p.m.     Leave  Carter. 
(Party  divides  at  Saranac  Inn  Station.) 

Party  no.  i 

July  2.    7.20  p.m.     Arrive   Lake   Placid   Club. 
Mail  and  telegrams  Lake  Placid  Cub, 

Essex  Co.,  N.  Y. 
July  3-6.    At  Lake  Placid. 

Party  no.  2 

July  2.     5.31  p.m.     Arrive  Saranac  Inn.     Mail 
and  telegrams  Saranac  Inn,  Adiron- 
dacks, N.  Y. 
July  3.     At  Saranac  Inn. 
July  4.     7.53  a.m.     Leave  Saranac  Inn. 
8.25  a.m.     Arrive  Saranac  Lake. 
9.35  a.m.     Leave  Saranac  Lake. 
12.10  noon.     Arrive   Hotel   Champlain. 
All  meals  at  Hotel  Champlain   (Eu- 
ropean plan)  at  individual  expense. 
July  5-6.    At  Hotel  Champlain. 

Parties  disband  Sunday  afternoon,  July  6. 


EXPENSE 

(Amount  in  cash  or  checks  to  be  paid  Mr.  F. 
W.  Faxon  during  the  A.  L.  A.  conference  at 
Hotel  Kaaterskill,  before  June  26,  but  regis- 
tration with  the  party  must  be  made  before 
June  15,  stating  if  you  wish  party  no.  I  or 
no.  2.) 

Party  no.  i.  Albany  and  Eagle  Bay  to  Lake 
Placid  (including  return  railway  ticket  to 
Albany) .  Hotels,  transportation,  transfers  of 
passenger  and  baggage,  meals  to  afternoon 
of  Sunday,  July  6  (except  four  meals  in 
Albany).  $40. 

This  is  for  each  person,  provided  two  room 
together,  without  bath.  For  single  room  at 
all  hotels,  add  $4. 

For  private  bath  at  Albany  and  Lake 
Placid,  add  $5.50. 

Those  not  holding  tickets  from  Otis  Sum- 
mit via  Albany  should  add  $1.71. 

Anyone  holding  return  ticket  via  Albany 
and  Utica  should  deduct  $2.50  from  price  of 
party  ticket,  as  the  return  ticket  may  be  de- 
posited at  Albany  and  at  Utica,  up  to  ten 
days  in  each  place. 

Party  no.  2.  Albany  and  Eagle  Bay  to  Saranac 
Lake  and  Hotel  Champlain  (including  re- 
turn railway  ticket  to  Albany).  Hotels, 
transportation,  transfers  of  passenger  and 
baggage,  meals  to  afternoon  of  July  6  (ex- 
cept four  meals  in  Albany  and  eight  meals 
at  Hotel  Champlain,  European  plan).  $40. 

This  is  for  each  person,  provided  two 
room  together,  without  bath. 

For  single  room  at  Albany,  Eagle  Bay, 
Saranac  Inn,  and  Hotel  Champlain,  add  $4. 

For  private  bath  at  Albany,  Saranac  Inn, 
and  Hotel  Champlain  (here  only  double 
rooms  have  bath),  add  $5. 

Those  not  holding  tickets  Otis  Summit  to 
Albany,  add  $1.71. 

Those  desiring  to  return  through  Lake 
George,  instead  of  by  rail  to  Albany,  may 
do  so  by  paying  $1.50  to  purser  on  steamer, 
who  will  then  honor  railway  ticket. 

KAATERSKILL  CONFERENCE 
PROGRAM   OF   GENERAL   SESSIONS 

General  Theme :  Specialization  in  library  work. 
First  session,  Monday,  June  23,  8.15  p.m. 

President's  address — The  world  of  print  and 
the  world's  work. 

"As  others  see  us."  Brief  comments  and  ex- 
pressions on  library  work  from  men  and 
women  of  affairs  in  this  country  and  in 
Great  Britain. 

Second  session,   Tuesday,  June  24,  9.30  a.m. 

Theme:  Work  with  foreigners,  colored  races, 
defectives  and  dependents. 

Our  fellow  citizens  of  foreign  birth.  Hon.  Wil- 
liam Sulzer,  Governor  of  New  York. 

Paper  on  work  with  foreigners  (title  to  be  an- 
nounced later).  Mrs.  Adelaide  B.  Maltby. 


354 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


The  men  in  the  yards.    Charles  E.  Rush. 
Defectives  and  dependents:  helping  those  who 

cannot  help  themselves.  Julia  A.  Robinson. 
What  of  the  colored  races?  William  F.  Yust. 
Reports  of  officers  and  committees : 

Secretary. 

Treasurer. 

Finance  committee. 

Trustees  of  Endowment  fund. 

Publishing  Board. 

Third  session,  Wednesday,  June  25,  9.30  a.m. 

Theme :  Library  influences  in  the  home,  in  the 

shop  and  on  the  farm. 
Special  reference  collections  for  housekeepers. 

Sarah  Louise  Arnold. 
A   working  library   for  the   artisan   and   the 

craftsman.     Edward  F.  Stevens. 
The  woman  on  the  farm.    Lutie  E.  Stearns. 
The  library  situation  as  it  touches  the  rural 

field.     Prof.  Liberty  H.   Bailey. 
Reports  of  committees : 

Bookbinding. 

Bookbuying. 

Catalog  rules  for  small  libraries. 

Cooperation  with  the  N.  E.  A. 

Coordination. 

Federal  and  state  relations. 

International  relations. 

Fourth  session,  Thursday,  June  26,  9.30  a.m. 

Theme :  Children  and  young  people ;  their  con- 
ditions at  home,  in  the  school,  and  in  the 
library. 

The  education  of  children  and  the  conserva- 
tion of  their  interests.  Mrs.  Frances  Squire 
Potter. 

Changing  conditions  of  child  life.  Faith  E. 
Smith. 

How  the  library  is  meeting  these  conditions 
(title  to  be  announced  later).  Gertrude  E. 
Andrus. 

Normal  schools  and  their  relation  to  librarian- 
ship.  Willis  H.  Kerr. 

The  enlarging  scope  of  library  work  in  high 
schools.  Mary  E.  Hall. 

Reports  of  committees: 
Library  administration. 
Library  training. 
Library  work  with  the  blind. 
Public  documents. 

Fifth  session,  Friday,  June  27,  9.30  a.m. 

Theme:  The  library's  service  to  business  and 
legislation. 

Address    (subject   to   be    supplied).     George 

McAneny. 

The  law  that  stands  the  test.    M.  S.  Dudgeon. 
State-wide  forces  in  the  state  library.    D.  C. 

Brown. 
Present    status    of    the    legislative    reference 

movement.     C.  B.  Lester. 
Making  a  library  useful  to  business  men.     S. 

H.  Ranck. 


Libraries  in  business  organizations:  their  ex- 
panding function.     Louise  B.  Krause. 
Business. 

Sixth  session,  Saturday,  June  28,  9.30  a.m. 

Theme :  The  world  of  books.  . 

The  friendly  book.     Genevieve  M.  Walton. 

How  to  discourage  reading.    Edmund  L.  Pear- 
son. 

Book  symposium. 

Unfinished  business. 

Reports : 

Executive  Board. 
Council. 

Resolutions  committee. 
Tellers  of  election. 

COUNCIL 

The  Council  will  hold  three  sessions  at 
Kaaterskill.  The  first  and  third  meetings  will 
deal  with  committee  reports  and  other  business. 
At  the  second  session  the  subject,  "Quality  of 
fiction"  will  be  considered,  the  discussion  being 
led  by  Horace  G.  Wadlin,  librarian  of  the 
Boston  Public  Library,  and  Arthur  E.  Bost- 
wick,  librarian  of  the  St.  Louis  Public  Library. 
The  meetings  of  the  Council  will  probably  be 
open  to  the  membership  at  large. 

COLLEGE   AND   REFERENCE   SECTION 

1.  Main   Session.     Andrew    Keogh    (Yale) 
presiding. 

Bibliographic  instruction  in  colleges  and  uni- 
versities. Introduced  by  Lucy  M.  Salmon, 
professor  of  history  in  Vassar. 

The  fundamentals  of  classification  for  col- 
leges and  universities.  Introduced  by  H.  E. 
Bliss  (C.  C.  N.  Y.). 

The  college  library  and  the  research  de- 
mand. Introduced  by  Robert  S.  Fletcher  (Am- 
herst). 

Art  influences  in  the  college  library.  Intro- 
duced by  Frank  Weitenkampf  (New  York 
Public  Library). 

2.  Round  table  for  reference  workers.   Sarah 
B.  Askew  (New  Jersey  Public  Library  Com- 
mission) presiding. 

What  a  city  should  expect  and  receive  from 
the  library.  Introduced  by  William  H.  Allen, 
Ph.D.,  director  of  the  Bureau  of  Municipal  Re- 
search, New  York  City. 

Scientific  management ;  and  the  reference  de- 
partment as  a  bureau  of  information.  Intro- 
duced by  Marina  W.  Freeman  (Goodwyn  In- 
stitute, Memphis,  Tennessee). 

What  any  library  can  do  for  the  business  and 
trade  interests  of  the  town.  Sarah  B.  Ball 
(Newark  Free  Public  Library). 

The  civics  room  in  a  medium  sized  town. 
Introduced  by  Edith  Kammerling  (Chicago 
Public  Library). 

Papers  to  be  brief  and  general  discussion 
expected. 

3.  Round  table  for  college  librarians.     F.  C. 
Hicks  (Columbia)  presiding. 

Several  subjects,  to  be  announced  later,  will 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


355 


be  introduced  in  five-minute  papers,  and  time 
will  be  provided  for  informal  discussion  of 
subjects  suggested  by  those  present. 

TRUSTEES'  SECTION 

The  Canadian  trustee  and  the  American 
trustee — a  recollection. 

Should  trustees  abdicate  in  favor  of  civil 
service  commissions  in  the  matter  of  employ- 
ments of  librarians  and  assistants? 

Duties  of  trustees  as  to  library  legislation. 

Trustees  of  a  large  city  library,  and  of  a 
small  library — a  comparison. 

CATALOG  SECTION 

First  Session:  Administration  of  catalog 
department. 

From  the  librarian's  standpoint — F.  F.  Hop- 
per, librarian  of  the  Public  Library,  Tacoma. 

From  the  cataloger's  standpoint — Laura 
Smith,  chief  of  the  catalog  and  reference  de- 
partments, Public  Library,  Cincinnati. 

Relation  of  departments — Beatrice  Winser, 
assistant  librarian,  Free  Public  Library,  New- 
ark; Arthur  E.  Bostwick,  librarian,  Public 
Library.  St.  Louis. 

Discussion. 

The  problem  under  discussion  for  this  session 
is  whether  the  methods  which  prevail  in  the 
catalog  department  can  be  more  efficiently  ad- 
justed to  the  changes  in  the  conditions  and  re- 
quirements of  the  modern  public  library. 

The  section  invites  to  the  discussion  libra- 
rians and  those  not  specializing  in  cataloging 
that  the  catalogers  of  the  section  may  have  the 
benefit  of  their  suggestions. 

Second  Session:  Discussion  of  catalog  en- 
tries and  forms  of  cards. 

SECTION   IN   LIBRARY   WORK    WITH    CHILDREN 

First  Session — Tuesday  afternoon,  June  24. 
Topic :  Values  in  library  work  with  children. 

1.  Clare  Whitehill  Hunt;  superintendent  of 
the  children's  department,  Brooklyn  Public 
Library. 

2.  Caroline   Burnite;    director   of  children's 
work,  Cleveland  Public  Library. 

Discussion.     To  be  assigned. 

3.  Report  showing  volume  of  children's  work 
in  the  U.  S.,  by  Dr.  Bostwick. 

Second  Session — Friday  afternoon,  June  27. 
Topic:    School  work. 

1.  Possibilities   of  the   rural   school   library. 
Martha  Wilson,  librarian.  Minnesota  State 
Board  of  Education. 

Discussion.    To  be  assigned. 

2.  Round  table  of  school  librarians  led  by 
Mary     E.     Hall,     librarian     Girls'     High 
School,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  president  li- 
brary section,  N.  E.  A. 

a.  Work  of  a  public  library  high   school 
branch,     Maud     McClelland,     librarian, 
High  School,  Passaic,  N.  J. 

b.  The  librarian's  opportunity  in  vocational 
guidance,    Samuel   H.   Ranck,   librarian, 
Public  Library,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


Discussion  by  June  R.  Donnelly,  Marilla  W. 
Freeman,  and  others. 

PROFESSIONAL    TRAINING    SECTION 

Specialization  in  curriculums,  and  grading  in 
library  schools— Mary  W.  Plummer. 

Cooperation  of  libraries  with  library  schools 
— Corinne  Bacon. 

Report  on  methods  of  publicity  for  library 
schools— M.  S.  Dudgeon,  C.  H.  Milam,  Joseph- 
ine A.  Rathbone. 

Account  of  the  work  of  the  library  school 
round  table  for  1912  and  1913— P.  L.  Windsor. 

AGRICULTURAL  LIBRARIES    SECTION 

There  will  be  an  informal  round  table  con- 
ducted by  Charles  R.  Greene,  librarian  of  the 
Massachusetts  Agricultural  Library.  Further 
announcements  will  be  made  later. 

DOCUMENTS    ROUND    TABLE 

Paper  by  Frank  C.  Wallace,  superintendent 
of  documents,  Washington,  D.  C.,  outlined  by 
him  as  follows: 

1.  Replies  to  questions  and  resolutions  sug- 
gested at  the  last  conference  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
(a)   Distribution  of  bills,     (b)   Reasons  why 
catalogs  and  indexes  can  not  be  issued  more 
promptly,      (c)    Assignment  of  volume   num- 
bers to  Congressional  series,     (d)   Publication 
of  a  daily  bulletin. 

2.  Explanation  of  Section  8  of  the  Legisla- 
tive appropriation  act  centralizing  the  distribu- 
tion   in    the    office    of   the    superintendent    of 
documents. 

3.  Need  for  cooperation  on  the  part  of  the 
librarians  to  improve  the  publication  and  dis- 
tribution methods  of  government  publications. 

Paper  by  Francis  A.  Crandall  on  phases  of 
the  public  document  question. 

NATIONAL  ASSOCIATION   OF    STATE   LIBRARIES 

First  session 

The  public  records  of  England — John  Thom- 
son, librarian  of  the  Philadelphia  Free  Library. 

The  state  library  as  a  specialist — John  A. 
Lapp,  legislative  reference  librarian,  Indian- 
apolis. 

Subject  unannounced,  a  paper  by  Minnie 
Priest  Dunton,  librarian  of  the  Idaho  State 
Library. 

Reports  of  committee  on  arrangement  and 
distribution  of  state  documents — Johnson  Brig- 
ham,  librarian  of  the  State  Library  of  Iowa. 

The  legislative  reference  service — G.  S.  God- 
ard,  librarian  of  the  State  Library  of  Connec- 
ticut. 

The  publication  of  municipal  year-books — J. 
L.  Gillis,  state  librarian  of  California. 

Second  session 

The  care  of  archives  material — R.  G. 
Thwaites,  superintendent  of  the  State  Histor- 
ical Society  of  Wisconsin. 

Public  documents  as  a  commercial  factor — 


356 


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[June,  1913 


William  R.  Reinick,  librarian  of  the  document 
division  of  Philadelphia  Free  Library. 

Reports  of  committee  on  cooperation  between 
legislative  reference  departments,  by  John  A. 
Lapp,  legislative  reference  librarian,  Indian- 
apolis. 

Public  archives — H.  R.  Mcllwaine,  state  li- 
brarian of  Virginia. 

Systematic  bibliography  of  state  official  lit- 
erature— W.  R.  Reinick,  of  Pennsylvania. 

LEAGUE  OF   LIBRARY   COMMISSIONS 

First  session 

Organizing  small  libraries — Round  table — 
Zaidee  Brown,  Massachusetts  Public  Library 
Commission,  presiding. 

1.  Methods  suggested  by  state  organizer  for 
accessioning ;  classification ;   shelf  listing ;  cat- 
aloging (should  it  be  attempted?  should  L.  C. 
cards    be    used?);    loan    system;    mechanical 
preparation  of  books. 

2.  Average   time    required    for   above   proc- 
esses, and  average  cost  per  1000  volumes. 

3.  Help   from   local   sources :   paid   workers, 
trustees,  volunteers,  help  from  neighboring  li- 
brarians. 

4.  Kinds  of  supplies  and  cost. 

5.  How  the  organizer  may  interest  the  people 
of  the  town  in  the  library. 

6.  Board    meeting — budget — other    adminis- 
trative problems. 

Note:  For  this  discussion,  "small  library" 
means  any  library  with  less  than  5000  volumes. 

Those  attending  the  session  are  asked  to 
come  prepared  to  describe  actual  work,  and  to 
give  estimates  on  cost  and  time. 

Second  session 

1.  What  the  league  can  do  to  encourage  the 
establishment  of  new  commissions. 

2.  Cooperation   with   state  board   of  educa- 
tion, and  library  instruction  in  normal  schools. 

3.  Library   work  in   state   institutions — pris- 
ons, reformatories,  hospitals. 

4.  Reports  of  committees  and  election  of  offi- 
cers. 

Note:  A  third  adjourned  session  will  be  held 
if  necessary. 

AMERICAN  ASSOCIATION  OF  LAW  LIBRARIES 

First  session — Tuesday  evening,   June  24. 
Address   of  welcome  by   Frank  B.   Gilbert, 
chief  of  the  law  division,  New  York  state  edu- 
cation department. 
President's  address. 
Report  of  the  treasurer. 
Report  of  the  executive  committee. 
Reports  of  the  special  committees: 

Legal  bibliography. 

Reprinting  session  laws. 

National  legislative  information  service. 

Law  libraries  and  law  librarians. 

Latin — American  laws. 

Lessening  fees  charged  by  clerks  of  fed- 
eral courts  for  opinions. 
Round  table — Wednesday  morning,  June  25. 


Report  of  the  committee  to  confer  with  Li- 
brary of  Congress  on  subject  headings,  and 
discussion. 

Second  session — Wednesday  afternoon,  June 

25- 

Destruction  and  rebuilding  of  New  York 
State  Law  Library,  by  Frederick  D.  Colson, 
librarian. 

Election  of  officers  for  the  coming  year. 

Round  table — Thursday  morning,  June  26. 

Report  of  the  committee  on  shelf  classifica- 
tion of  law  text  books. 

Symposium  on  catalogs  of  law  libraries. 

SPECIAL  LIBRARIES   ASSOCIATION 

First  session — Tuesday  afternoon,  June  24. 

Relation  of  the  special  to  the  general  library 
— W.  Dawson  Johnston. 

Relation  between  the  municipal  library  and 
legislators — Andrew  Linn  Bostwick. 

Experiences  of  a  special  collector — William 
Barclay  Parson  (engagements  permitting). 

Special  library  methods  of  the  library  of  the 
Prudential — Dr.  Frederick  L,  Hoffman. 

Second  session — Wednesday  afternoon,  June 

25- 

Address  on  methods  of  the  Luce  clipping 
bureau — Hon.  Robert  Luce,  ex-lieutenant-gov- 
ernor of  Massachusetts. 

Report  of  committee  on  clippings — Jesse  Cun- 
ningham. 

Address  on  clipping  methods  of  the  Wall 
Street  Journal  library— Dr.  J.  Frank  Crowell. 

Report  of  committee  on  special  library  train- 
ing— O.  E.  Norman. 

Is  there  a  demand  for  indexes  in  special 
fields  of  agriculture  and  education  ?— H.  W. 
Wilson. 

Third  session — Thursday  evening,  June  26. 

The  Library  of  Congress  as  a  clearing  house 
for  record  of  work  done  in  economic  subjects 
— H.  H.  B.  Meyer. 

Some  established  principles  in  special  library 
organization — Marie  F.  Lindholm,. 

The  library  of  the  school  of  landscape  gar- 
dening at  Harvard  University — the  treatment 
of  collections  relating  to  landscape  gardening 
including  city  planning — Theodora  Kimball. 

The  English  book  trade  library— R.  A.  Ped- 
die,  St.  Bride  Foundation,  London  (paper  to 
be  read  by  a  member  of  the  association). 

Review  of  special  library  work  during  the 
year — Guy  E.  Marion. 

AMERICAN    LIBRARY    INSTITUTE 

Either  one  or  two  meetings  of  the  Institute 
will  be  held.  The  following  topics  will  be  dis- 
cussed : 

1.  Cost  of  library  administration.    Report  of 
committee,  John  Thomson,  Philadelphia  Free 
Library. 

2.  Physical  efficiency— Frank  P.  Hill,  Brook- 
lyn Public  Library. 

3.  The  need  of  specialization  in  library  ser- 
vice— W.    D.    Johnston,    Columbia    University 
Library. 


June,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


357 


CONFERENCE   OF  SCHOOL  LIBRARIANS, 
HOTEL  KAATERSKILL,  N.  Y. 

Saturday,  June  28,  1913,  2  p.m. 

Program  for  conference  of  school  librarians, 
to  be  held  under  the  auspices  of  the  American 
Library  Association  and  the  Library  Depart- 
ment of  the  National  Education  Association:* 

High  school  session 

Conducted   by   Miss   Anna  Hadley,   librarian, 

the  Gilbert  School,  Winsted,  Conn. 
Planning  and  equipping  a  high  school  library. 
Miss  Sarah  B.  Annett,  librarian,  Washing- 
ton Irving  High  School,  New  York  City. 
How  can   we  encourage  the  best  use  of  the 
library  by  the  different  departments?     Miss 
Elizabeth  B.  McKnight,  librarian,  Barringer 
High  School,  Newark,  N.  J. 
Training  high  school  students   in  the  use   of 
books  (brief  reports  and  discussion)  : 

Miss  Fanny  D.  Ball,  Central  High  School, 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 
Miss    Helen    H411,    William    Penn    High 

School,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Miss    Laura    M.     Mann,     Central    High 

School,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Miss  Janet  Nunn,  Lewis  and  Clark  High 

School,  Spokane,  Wash. 
Mr.  Gilbert  O.  Ward,  supervisor  of  high 

school  libraries,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Ways  of  interesting  high  school  pupils  in  good 
reading   (five  minute  talks)  : 
Boys — Miss  Marie  Fox  Wait,  Peddie  In- 
stitute, Hightstown,  N.  J. 
Miss  Mary  Spangler,  High  School, 

Hartford,  Conn. 
Girls — Miss     Katharine     Grasty,     Eastern 

High  School,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Miss    Celia    M.    Houghton,    High 

School,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Question  box  and  general  discussion. 

Normal  school  session 

Conducted    by    Willis    Kerr,     State    Normal 
School,  Emporia,  Kansas. 

Topics  suggested: 
Library  lessons  in  the  grades. 

Length  and  number  of  lessons. 

Subjects  taught  in  the  different  grades. 

Practice  lessons  given  by  students. 
Courses  in  childden's  literature  given  by  nor- 
mal school  students. 

Number  of  lessons.     Best  helps.    Results. 

State  law  requiring  such  lessons. 
Question    box:     Problems    of    normal    school 
librarians. 

Note. — There  will  be  an  exhibit  of  school 
library  helps,  lists,  forms,  etc. 


*  For  notice  of  Salt  Lake  City  conference  of 
school  librarians  see  program  for  National  Education 
Association  in  this  issue. 


State 


MICHIGAN   STATE   BOARD    OF   LIBRARY 
COMMISSIONERS 

1913  found  the  library  matters  in  this  state 
very  promising,  there  has  been  a  large  ex- 
tension work  done  both  by  the  State  Library 
and  the  Library  Commission.  During  the  bi- 
ennial report  which  ended  July,  1912,  105,000 
traveling  library  books  were  sent  out  from  the 
shipping  room.  The  advertising  of  this  work 
through  the  medium  of  the  educational  trains 
and  the  work  of  a  representative  of  the  Board 
of  Library  Commissioners,  who  has  visited 
nearly  every  county  in  the  state  during  the  last 
year,  has  made  a  large  increase  in  the  demand 
for  these  libraries,  and  a  still  greater  interest 
and  demand  is  expected  during  the  next  year. 

Four  summer  schools  are  to  be  carried  on 
in  this  state,  the  additional  one  being  in  con- 
nection with  Bay  View  Assembly,  which  fol- 
lows the  Chautauqua  plan.  A  very  elaborate 
display  is  to  be  made  there  and  a  large  amount 
of  material  distributed  for  the  benefit  of  the 
rural  school  teachers  and  others  who  do  not,  in 
any  other  way,  come  in  contact  with  the  work 
that  is  being  done  on  these  lines. 

At  the  last  session  of  the  legislature  a  law 
was  passed  which  makes  it  obligatory  upon 
the  part  of  district  school  officers  to  select 
books  for  the  township  and  district  libraries 
from  a  list  prepared  by  the  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction  and  the  State  Librarian; 
the  result  from  this  will  undoubtedly  be  good, 
as  rural  schools  are  not  up  to  the  average  in 
books  in  their  libraries. 

The  Board  of  Library  Commissioners  has 
also  decided  to  finance  four  round-tables  in  this 
state  during  the  coming  year,  the  printing  of 
an  enlarged  edition  of  the  list  of  500  best 
books  for  children,  and  a  second  and  enlarged 
edition  of  "Biographical  sketches  of  American 
artists"  is  now  in  the  hands  of  the  printers. 

The  commission  will  conduct  its  usual  sum- 
mer courses  in  elementary  library  methods  for 
teachers  at  the  Western  State  Normal  School 
at  Kalamazoo  and  the  Northern  State  Normal 
School  at  Marquette,  beginning  June  30,  and 
at  the  Ferris  Industrial  Institute,  at  Big 
Rapids,  beginning  July  7,  1913.  The  board  is 
also  glad  to  announce  a  new  course  this  year 
in  connection  with  the  Summer  University  at 
Bay  View,  beginning  July  17. 

These  courses  are  not  intended  for  the  pro- 
fessional training  of  librarians,  but  to  make 
the  teachers  more  efficient  through  an  intelli- 
gent use  of  books.  They  will  cover  the  subject 
of  elementary  library  economics  and  will  be 
inspirational,  technical  and  practical.  Credits 
will  be  given  to  students  taking  the  courses. 
A  model  library  of  500  books  for  children  will 
be  available,  and  these  books  will  be  used  in 
the  practice  work  of  students.  Miss  Green, 
of  the  New  York  Public  Library,  will  conduct 
a  week's  course  in  children's  literature  at  Kal- 
amazoo, Marquette  and  Big  Rapids,  and  Miss 
Whiteman,  of  the  Carnegie  Library,  Pitts- 
burgh, will  give  a  like  course  at  Bay  View. 


358 


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[June,  1913 


State  14brsrs  associations 

OKLAHOMA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

At  the  sixth  annual  convention  of  the  Okla- 
homa Library  Association,  May  14  and  15,  at 
Muskogee,  Mr.  Carroll  S.  Bucher,  president 
of  the  Muskogee  library  board,  gave  a  cordial 
and  eloquent  address  of  welcome,  responded 
to  by  Mrs.  Cora  Case  Porter,  acting  president, 
in  the  gracious  capable  manner  which  charac- 
terized her  leadership  throughout  the  meet- 
ings. The  sessions  were  full  of  helpful  dis- 
cussions along  technical  lines. 

Mr.  George  B.  Utley,  secretary  of  the  Amer- 
ican Library  Association,  the  principal  speaker 
and  an  authority  on  library  matters,  addressed 
the  assembly  in  the  Commercial  Club  rooms 
on  "The  library  as  a  business  asset"  and 
"How  to  interest  the  business  man  in  the  li- 
brary." Mr.  Utley  quoted  former  President 
Roosevelt  as  declaring  that  after  the  church 
and  the  school  came  the  library  in  point  of 
public  benefit. 

"What  children  read"  was  ably  discussed  by 
E.  S.  Monroe,  superintendent  of  the  Muskogee 
city  schools.  Mrs.  Bertha  McBride,  of 
Guthrie,  read  a  paper  giving  valuable  sugges- 
tions on  "Library  work  with  children." 

Miss  Abbott's  resignation  as  president  was 
read  and  accepted,  and  a  committee  appointed 
to  write  rjer  a  letter  of  thanks  for  her  cooper- 
ation and  financial  help,  expressing  regret  that 
she  is  out  of  the  state  for  the  next  year.  Mrs. 
R.  W.  Funk  sent  a  cordial  letter  of  greeting 
and  good  wishes  to  the  association. 

The  committee  on  affiliation  with  A.  L.  A. 
reported,  recommending  approval  of  any  regu- 
lation that  may  be  adopted  by  A.  L.  A.  at 
the  Kaaterskill  conference. 

The  strength  of  the  association  was  greatly 
increased  by  the  addition  of  several  capable 
new  members.  Miss  Radford,  librarian  at 
Muskogee,  proved  herself  a  genius  as  an  ex- 
ecutive in  preparing  for  the  meeting.  Miss 
Anna  Reid  McGlenn,  of  Tulsa,  made  her  in- 
itial appearance,  giving  a  paper  on  "The  small 
library  as  a  social  center,"  in  which  she  named 
the  varied  activities  that  are  now  considered 
the  proper  functions  of  a  library. 

Seven  valued  members  who  are  state  school 
librarians  were  absent,  owing  to  stress  of  work 
incident  to  commencement. 

A  vote  of  thanks  was  tendered  Miss  Phelps 
for  the^  efficient  service  she  is  rendering  in 
conducting  a  summer  training  class  for  libra- 
rians. 

The  association  voted  enthusiastically  to  in- 
vite the  American  Library  Association  to  hold 
its  1913  session  in  Oklahoma.  Miss  Edith 
Allen  Phelps  extended  an  invitation  from  Ok- 
lahoma City,  giving  an  attractive  outline  of  its 
facilities  for  handling  so  large  a  convention. 
Mrs.  J.  A.  Thompson,  of  Chickasha,  and  Miss 
Phelps  were  elected  delegates  to  carry  this  in- 
vitation to  the  national  conference  in  New 
York  in  June. 


Mrs.  De  Roos  Bailey,  chairman  of  library 
committee  of  the  State  Federation  of  Women's 
Clubs,  outlined  in  a  graphic  manner  the  need 
of  a  larger  expenditure  of  time  and  money  to 
carry  on  the  useful  work  of  traveling  libraries. 

Favorable  action  was  taken  in  response  to 
greetings  from  Mrs.  D.  A.  McDougal,  presi- 
dent of  the  State  Federation  of  Women's 
Clubs,  asking  the  association  to  become  a  mem- 
ber of  the  federation  on  the  same  basis  as  the 
clubs.  Miss  Mary  R.  Radford,  of  the  Mus- 
kogee Public  Library,  was  elected  to  represent 
the  association  at  the  biennial  federation  meet- 
ing at  Tulsa  in  November. 

A  resolution  was  adopted  relative  to  repre- 
sentation on  the  program  of  the  State  Teach- 
ers' Association. 

Miss  Ava  L.  Miles,  of  the  Oklahoma  City 
Public  Library  and  chairman  of  the  legislative 
committee,  read  a  report  on  the  progress  of 
the  library  commission  bill.  The  committee 
was  commended  for  its  faithful  work  and  was 
continued,  Mrs.  De  Roos  Bailey,  of  Muskogee, 
and  Mrs.  R.  W.  Funk,  of  Shawnee,  being 
added. 

An  excellent  luncheon  at  the  Torson,  ten- 
dered by  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  a  recep- 
tion at  the  Christian  Temple,  and  an  auto  ride 
over  the  city  and  out  to  "Sawokla,"  the  pic- 
turesque home  of  Miss  Alice  Robinson,  were 
features  of  Muskogee's  delightful  hospitality. 

Miss  Robinson  served  a  dinner  to  the  visit- 
ing librarians  in  honor  of  her  friend.  Miss 
Phelps. 

The  follpwing  officers  were  elected:  presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Cora  Case  Porter,  Oklahoma  City; 
first  vice-president,  Miss  Mary  R.  Radford, 
Muskogee;  second  vice-president,  Miss  Alma 
Mcgleen,  Tulsa;  treasurer.  Miss  Cora  Milti- 
more,  Stillwater ;  secretary,  Mrs.  J.  A.  Thomp- 
son, Chickasha. 

MRS.  J.   A.   THOMPSON, 

Secretary  O.  L.  A. 

NEW  YORK  STATE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

The  23d  annual  meeting  of  the  New  York 
State  Library  Association  will  be  held  Sept. 
22-27,  inclusive,  at  the  Sagamore,  on  Lake 
George.  Railroad  fares,  hotel  rates  and  de- 
tails of  the  program  will  be  announced  later. 

A  cordial  invitation  is  extended  to  workers 
throughout  New  York  state  and  elsewhere  to 
attend. 

All  who  have  once  enjoyed  "library  work" 
at  ^Lake  George  will  wish  to  go  again,  while 
it  js  hoped  that  those  who  have  not  will  take 
this  opportunity  to  become  acquainted  with 
fellow-workers  and  to  know  the  beauties  of 
the  region. 

ADELAIDE  BOWLES   MALTBY,  Secretary. 

GEORGIA   LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

The  tenth  meeting  of  the  Georgia  Library 
Association  was  held  in  Atlanta  Monday  and 
Tuesday,  April  28-29,  at  the  Carnegie  Library. 

The  first  session  was  opened  by  a  welcome 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


359 


from  Mr.  Willis  M.  Everett,  president  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees.  Dr.  J.  H.  T.  McPherson, 
of  Athens,  president  of  the  Georgia  Library 
Association,  delivered  the  president's  address, 
which  was  followed  by  the  report  of  the  secre- 
tary. 

The  meeting  was  then  given  over  to  "Some 
special  phases  of  library  work,"  and  papers 
were  presented  by  Mrs.  Maud  Barker,  state 
librarian,  who  told  of  the  work  of  the  State 
Library.  Mr.  William  H.  Moyer,  warden  of 
the  federal  prison,  told  of  the  library  now- 
operated  in  the  prison,  and  also  told  of  his 
plans  for  future  development  of  the  library's 
work.  Mr.  Moyer  invited  the  members  of  the 
Association  to  visit  the  prison  library,  and 
many  spent  the  afternoon  in  a  most  interesting 
visit. 

Following  Mr.  Moyer,  Miss  Orpha  Zoe  Mas- 
sey,  librarian  of  the  Retail  Credit  Company, 
told  of  the  unique  library  which  is  operated  by 
the  company,  and  showed  what  an  active  part 
it  plays  in  the  rating  of  the  employes  of  the 
company. 

Mrs.  Eugene  B.  Heard,  of  Middleton,  who 
was  to  have  told  of  the  system  of  traveling 
libraries  which  she  sends  throughout  the  ter- 
ritory covered  by  the  Seaboard  Air  Line  Rail- 
way, was  detained  by  illness. 

Telegrams  of  congratulation  were  read  from 
several  absent  members,  and  from  Mrs.  Anne 
Wallace  Rowland,  of  Boston,  who  organized 
the  Georgia  Library  Association  in  1897. 

Invitations  were  presented,  inviting  the  As- 
sociation to  attend  several  interesting  events 
during  the  afternoon,  notably  the  organ  re- 
cital at  the  City  Auditorium,  and  a  reception 
at  the  Piedmont  Driving  Club,  given  in  honor 
of  the  delegates  to  the  Sociological  Congress 
in  session  in  the  city. 

The  afternoon  hours  were  left  free  for  visits 
to  the  neighboring  libraries,  and  delegates  di- 
vided their  time  between  the  two  branch  libra- 
ries, the  Anne  Wallace  branch  and  the  Oakland 
City  branch,  and  some  of  the  college  libraries. 

In  the  evening  Dr.  Arthur  E.  Bostwick  gave 
a  most  interesting  lecture  on  "The  activities 
of  a  large  library  system,"  illustrated  by  stere- 
opticon  views  of  the  St.  Louis  Public  Library. 
The  lecture  was  followed  by  an  informal  re- 
ception, at  which  the  Board  of  Trustees  and 
their  wives  and  the  library  staff  acted  as  hosts. 

Tuesday  morning  was  given  to  a  round  table 
discussion  of  the  "Problems  of  a  small  public 
library,"  conducted  by  Miss  Eloise  Alexander, 
assistant  librarian,  Carnegie  Library  of  At- 
lanta, who  also  led  the  discussion  on  Catalog- 
ing. Miss  Florence  Bradley,  head  of  the  Cir- 
culation Department,  led  the  discussion  of  Cir- 
culation problems,  and  Miss  Tommie  D.  Bar- 
ker, head  of  the  Reference  Department,  led  the 
discussion  of  reference  problems,  and  exhibited 
many  new  aids  to  reference  work.  On  ac- 
count of  the  late  hour,  the  discussions  of  work 
with  children  and  training  for  library  work, 
by  Miss  Amelia  Whitaker  and  Mrs.  Percival 


Sneed,  respectively,  were  omitted,  and  the  re- 
ports from  the  small  libraries  of  the  state  were 
presented  by  their  librarians.  Ten  libraries 
were  represented,  and  interesting  reports 
showed  splendid  work  done  throughout  the 
state. 

The  reports  were  followed  by  a  delightful 
paper  from  Dr.  Bostwick  on  the  "Art  of  re- 
reading," and  many  good  resolutions  to  re-read 
the  old  favorites  were  made  during  the  read- 
ing of  Dr.  Bostwick's  paper. 

The  Tuesday  afternoon  session  was  held  at 
the  library  of  the  Georgia  School  of  Technol- 
ogy. Miss  Laura  Hammond,  the  librarian,  and 
her  assistant.  Miss  Julia  Hammond,  welcomed 
the  visitors,  and  were  assisted  by  President 
K.  G.  Matheson,  who  spoke  in  most  glowing 
terms  of  the  good  work  that  was  accomplished 
by  the  college  libraries.  Mr.  E.  L.  Boogher, 
of  the  Library  committee,  also  spoke  to  the 
visitors. 

In  the  absence  of  Mr.  Duncan  Burnet,  li- 
brarian of  the  University  of  Georgia  Library 
(who  was  called  home  a  few  hours  before  the 
session  by  illness  in  his  family),  Mrs.  Percival 
Sneed,  principal  of  the  Library  Training 
School  of  Carnegie  Library,  presided  over  this 
session.  Reports  from  the  librarians  of  the 
Georgia  School  of  Technology,  Agnes  Scott 
College,  Emory  College,  Mercer  University, 
Wesleyan  College,  Brenau  College,  and  Bessie 
Tift  College  were  presented,  and  showed  ex- 
cellent work  done  during  the  past  year.  Miss 
Hammond  then  invited  the  visitors  to  inspect 
her  library  building  and  to  examine  her  col- 
lection of  old  books,  among  which  are  some 
excellent  incunabula. 

The  report  of  the  Nominating  Committee 
was  unanimously  adopted,  and  the  following 
officers  were  elected:  president.  Chancellor 
David  C.  Barrow,  Athens;  vice-presidents, 
Mrs.  Eugene  B.  Heard,  Mr.  H.  H.  Stone,  Mr. 
Duncan  Burnet,  Mr.  William  Harden.  Invita- 
tions for  the  next  meeting  were  received  from 
several  cities,  but  it  was  finally  decided  to  ac- 
cept the  invitation  presented  by  Mrs.  Nina 
Holstead,  of  the  Carnegie  Library  of  Columbus. 

The  tenth  meeting  was  the  largest  and  most 
representative  meeting  ever  held  by  the  Asso- 
ciation, sixteen  cities  of  Georgia  sending  dele- 
gates. There  were  also  several  visitors  from 
cities  which  are  now  planning  libraries.  Miss 
Mollie  Norman,  librarian  of  Union  Springs, 
brought  greetings  from  Alabama,  and  Miss 
Mary  Bell  Palmer,  librarian  of  Charlotte,  rep- 
resented North  Carolina.  Georgia  has  22  pub- 
lic libraries,  and  three  are  now  in  process  of 
construction. 

Xlbrarg  Clubs 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  CLUB 

The  last  meeting  of  the  New  York  Library 
Club  for  the  year  1912-13  was  held  Thursday 
afternoon,  May  8,  in  the  lecture  room  of  the 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


Young  Women's  Christian  Association,  7  East 
1 5th  street.  As  the  May  meeting  is  the  annual 
business  meeting  of  the  club,  the  afternoon's 
program  was  preceded  by  the  election  of  offi- 
cers for  the  ensuing  year.  The  officers  elected 
were:  president,  Miss  Mary  W.  Plummer, 
director  New  York  Public  Library  School; 
vice-president,  Mr.  E.  F.  Stevens,  librarian, 
Pratt  Institute;  secretary,  Miss  E.  H.  Buding- 
ton,  Columbia  University  Library;  treasurer, 
Mr.  H.  O.  Wellman,  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary; council,  Mr.  E.  H.  Anderson,  Miss 
Theresa  Hitchler,  Miss  A.  Van  Valkenburgh, 
Miss  Isadore  G.  Mudge.  After  the  transac- 
tion of  routine  business,  including  the  election 
of  three  new  members  and  the  presentation  of 
the  annual  reports  of  the  secretary  and  the 
treasurer  the  regular  program  of  the  after- 
noon was  taken  up.  This  consisted  of  full  re- 
ports of  great  interest  from  the  various  com- 
mittees which  had  been  working  throughout 
the  year.  The  detailed  reports  showed  much 
research  and  investigation  into  local  conditions, 
and  some  were  of  such  a  nature  as  to  promise 
to  be  of  more  than  local  use  and  interest.  As 
all  the  reports  are  to  be  printed  in  full  in  the 
June  issue  of  the  Club  Bulletin  no  analysis  of 
their  contents  is  given  here.  The  committees 
which  presented  reports  are:  Historical  man- 
uscripts, Victor  H.  Paltsits,  chairman;  Libra- 
ries in  charitable,  reformatory,  and  penal  in- 
stitutions, Frederick  W.  Jenkins,  chairman; 
Prints,  Frank  Weitenkamipf,  chairman ;  School 
libraries,  Miss  Mary  W.  Hall,  chairman;  Spe- 
cial collections,  Miss  Isadore  G.  Mudge,  chair- 
man; Union  lists,  William  P.  Cutter,  chair- 
man ;  Press,  L.  M.  Solis-Cohen,  chairman ; 
New  members.  Miss  Harriet  E.  Hassler,  chair- 
man. At  the  conclusion  of  the  reports,  a  vote 
of  thanks  to  the  librarian  and  the  library 
committee  of  the  Young  Women's  Christian 
Association  for  the  use  of  the  rooms  was 
passed  and  the  formal  part  of  the  meeting  was 
adjourned.  A  reception  at  which  refresh- 
ments were  served  was  held  after  the  meet- 
ing, and  after  the  reception  many  members 
of  the  club  took  advantage  of  the  opportunity 
to  visit  the  charming  library  rooms  of  the 
association.  ISADORE  G.  MUDGE,  Secretary. 

PENNSYLVANIA  LIBRARY  CLUB 

The  last  meeting  of  the  Pennsylvania  Library 
Club,  for  the  season  of  1912-13,  which  was 
held  on  Monday  evening,  May  12,  1913,  was 
unique  in  its  way,  the  first  half  hour  being 
spent  in  historic  old  Christ  Church  of  Revo- 
lutionary fame.  Dr.  Washburn,  the  rector  of 
Christ  Church,  gave  a  very  full  description  of 
the  church  as  it  was  before  the  Revolution, 
saying  that  "while  the  Revolutionary  associa- 
tions with  the  church  are  very  precious  and 
very  significant,  the  fact  must  not  be  forgotten 
that  the  church  was  there  long  before  there 
was  a  Revolution."  A  well-carved  coat-of- 
arms,  sent  over  in  1694  to  mark  the  royal 
governor's  pew,  is  still  in  the  church,  also  a 


great  deal  of  the  original  altar  furniture;  and 
the  communion  silver  presented  by  'Queen  Anne 
is  still  used.  After  Dr.  Washburn's  address, 
the  meeting  adjourned  to  the  Neighborhood 
House  across  the  street,  where  the  regular 
annual  business  meeting  was  held. 

Four  new  members  were  elected,  and  after 
the  treasurer's  report  for  the  year  (which 
showed  a  substantial  balance  for  next  year's 
work)  was  read  and  approved,  the  following 
officers  were  nominated  and  elected  to  serve 
for  the  year  1913-1914:  president,  Dr.  Cyrus 
Adler,  president  Dropsie  College;  first  vice- 
president,  Hon.  Thomas  L.  Montgomery,  state 
librarian;  second  vice-president,  Miss  Corinne 
Bacon,  librarian  and  director  library  class, 
Drexel  Institute;  treasurer,  Miss  Bertha  S. 
Wetzell;  secretary,  Miss  Jean  E.  GrafTen. 

After  the  election,  Dr.  Robinson  asked  to 
be  allowed  to  make  another  nomination,  at 
the  request  of  the  nominating  committee.  He 
said  that  he  wished  "to  make  a  nomination  to 
a  new  office  of  honor,  and  to  nominate  a  per- 
son for  that  office  who  deserves  all  the  honor 
that  we  can  give  him!,  and  one  to  whom  this 
club  owes  more  than  most  of  us  know.  He 
was  among  its  first  founders,  having  been 
president  of  the  club,  and  is  willing  always  to 
spend  and  be  spent  in  the  interest  of  the  club. 
I  have  the  pleasure  and  honor  to  nominate  for 
honorary  president  of  the  Pennsylvania  Li- 
brary Club  Mr.  John  Thomson,  librarian  of 
the  Free  Library  of  Philadelphia."  After  an 
enthusiastic  endorsement  of  this  nomination  by 
a  rising  vote,  Mr.  Thomson  accepted  the  office 
in  his  usual  gracious  and  genial  manner. 

Dr.  Washburn  again  took  the  floor,  and 
gave  a  most  interesting  and  descriptive  talk 
about  the  library  of  Christ  Church,  about 
which,  up  to  the  present  time,  very  little  is 
known,  except  perhaps  what  has  been  brought 
out  by  Dr.  Keep,  of  Columbia  University,  in 
his  lectures  on  colonial  libraries.  The  first 
consignment  of  books  for  this  library  was 
sent  in  1696,  the  books  being  marked  "Belong- 
ing to  ye  Library  of  Philadelphia  in  Pennsyl- 
vania." The  library  contains  over  300  volumes 
in  all.  Mention  of  this  library  was  made  in  a 
book  published  in  London  in  1698. 

The  members  and  their  friends,  numbering 
one  hundred  and  twenty,  were  loathe  to  leave 
at  the  close  of  the  meeting,  and  many  re- 
mained until  a  late  hour,  examining  the  old 
books  with  the  quaint  inscriptions  and  book 
plates.  A  vote  of  thanks  was  extended  to  Dr. 
Washburn  for  a  delightful  and  instructive 
evening.  JEAN  E.  GRAFFEN,  Secretary. 

NORTHERN  NEW   YORK  LIBRARY  CLUB 

A  meeting  of  the  Northern  New  York  Li- 
brary Club  was  called  to  order  at  the  Theresa 
Library  at  n  o'clock  a.m.  on  Wednesday, 
April  23.  There  were  thirty-two  in  attend- 
ance, including  trustees,  librarians  and  inter- 
ested friends. 

It  was  voted  to  hold  the  fall  meeting  of  the 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


361 


club  at  the  new  library  at  Colton,  the  time 
of  meeting  being  left  to  the  executive  com- 
mittee. 

Resolutions  were  endorsed  that  the  parcel 
post  just  initiated  place  books  upon  the  same 
basis  as  other  articles  entitled  to  the  parcel 
post. 

Miss  Mary  Hasbrouck,  of  the  Ogdensburg 
Library,  read  a  paper  on  "Reserving  books"; 
Mr.  John  Sterling,  of  Watertown,  gave  a  talk 
on  'The  library  and  the  busy  man,"  and  Miss 
Caroline  Webster  gave  a  paper  on  "The 
farmer  and  the  library."  These  papers  were 
followed  by  informal  discussions  on  the  sub- 
j  ects. 

Officers  for  the  year  were  re-elected  as  fol- 
lows: Dr.  S.  A.  Hayt,  Watertown,  president; 
Jane  Naughton,  Watertown,  secretary;  Kath- 
erine  S.  Ferine,  Watertown,  treasurer. 

JANE  NAUGHTON,  Sec'y. 

CHICAGO   LIBRARY   CLUB 

The  last  meeting  of  the  season  was  held  on 
Thursday  evening,  May  8,  at  Lincoln  Center. 
Dinner  was  served  at  6.30,  and  a  short  busi- 
ness meeting  was  held  afterward.  The  fol- 
lowing officers  were  elected  for  1913-1914: 
president,  C.  J.  Barr,  assistant  librarian  of 
John  Crerar  Library;  first  vice-president,  Miss 
Mary  W.  Wood,  librarian  of  the  Blackstone 
Branch  of  Chicago  Public  Library;  second 
vice-president,  Miss  Mary  Van  Home,  libra- 
rian, Art  Institute,  Chicago;  secretary,  Miss 
Agnes  Peterson,  Newberry  Library;  treasurer, 
Miss  Cora  M.  Gettys,  Reference  Department, 
Library  of  University  of  Chicago. 

The  balance  of  the  evening  was  devoted  to 
dancing,  and  the  125  members  present  had  a 
most  enjoyable  evening. 

HELEN  HUTCHINSON,  Sec'y. 

LONG  ISLAND  LIBRARY  CLUB 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  club  was  held  on 
May  15,  at  Forest  Hills  Inn,  Forest  Hills, 
L.  I.,  at  2.30  p.m.  This  locality  has  been  re- 
cently laid  out  as  a  garden  city  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Russell  Sage  Foundation. 
About  two  hundred  were  in  attendance.  The 
following  officers  for  the  coming  year  were 
unanimously  elected:  president,  Harriot  Hass- 
ler,  Queens  Borough  Public  Library;  vice- 
president,  Julia  Hopkins,  Pratt  Institute  Free 
Library;  secretary,  Eleanor  Roper,  'Queens 
Borough  Public  Library;  treasurer,  Gwendo- 
len Brown,  Brooklyn  Public  Library. 

The  first  speaker  of  the  afternoon  was  John 
M.  Glenn,  director  of  the  Russell  Sage  Found- 
ation. Mr.  Glenn's  preliminary  remarks  were 
devoted  to  a  description  of  the  locality  at 
Forest  Hills,  and  he  explained  the  purpose  of 
the  Sage  Foundation  Homes  Association  in 
establishing  this  garden  city.  Then  followed  a 
description  of  the  activities  of  the  Foundation 
and  its  publications.  It  was  interesting  to 
learn  of  the  many  departments  into  which  the 
work  is  divided,  such  as  the  Charity  Organ- 


ization Department,  the  Recreation  Depart- 
ment, the  Publicity  Work,  etc.  The  aim  of 
the  Foundation  is  not  so  much  to  help  indi- 
viduals as  to  get  the  needs  of  a  community 
before  the  public,  and  to  suggest  how  the  so- 
cial and  industrial  betterment  of  this  com- 
munity may  be  brought  about.  It  aims  also  to 
standardize  social  work  and  the  education  of 
social  workers. 

Mr.  Franklin  K.  Mathiews,  chief  scout  libra- 
rian of  the  Boy  Scouts,  was  the  next  speaker. 
The  importance  of  a  boy's  reading  when  about 
twelve  years  of  age  was  emphasized.  He  is 
sure  to  be  interested  in  books  of  adventure, 
war,  heroes  and  sport,  and  Mr.  Mathiews 
placed  stories  of  adventure  first,  because  they 
develop  his  imagination  and  self-reliance.  Very 
important  also  are  books  of  sport  and  school 
life,  because  they  develop  his  sense  of  honor 
and  honesty.  Mr.  Mathiews  exhibited  a  ques- 
tionnaire which  he  had  prepared  for  the  use 
of  a  boy's  parents.  From  a  study  of  the 
answers  to  these  questions,  he  is  enabled  to 
recommend  certain  books  best  adapted  to  the 
boy's  reading.  He  told  also  of  a  plan  which 
has  been  started  to  publish,  for  a  small  sum,  a 
number  of  the  best  books  for  boys.  Only  the 
most  representative  and  best  books  will  be 
chosen,  and  thus  the  problem  of  "not  what  a 
boy  ought  to  read  but  what  he  does  and  will 
read"  will  be  partially  solved. 

After  these  addresses  a  vote  of  thanks,  pre- 
sented by  Dr.  Hill,  was  unanimously  extended 
to  the  speakers  of  the  afternoon,  and  "to  the 
Sage  Foundation  Homes  Association  for  the 
privilege  of  enjoying  their  hospitality  in  this 
newest  garden  spot  of  Long  Island." 

ROBERT  L.  SMITH,  Secretary. 


Scbools  ant) 
Classes 


NEW   YORK  STATE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

Several    unusually   good    lectures    have    re- 

cently been  given  by  visiting  librarians.    These 

have  been: 

April  18.  Mr.  George  lies.  A  bureau  of  re- 
view; a  discussion  of  the  advisability  of  a 
central  board  of  book  appraisal.  Mr.  lies 
has  since  printed  his  address  in  pamphlet 
form. 

April  21.  Miss  Bessie  Sargeant  Smith.  Branch 
libraries;  a  comparative  study  of  the  work 
of  the  branch  library  and  the  librarian  of 
an  independent  library. 

April  29.  Miss  Alice  S.  Tyler.  Commission 
work.  Two  lectures  dealing  especially  with 
the  problems  of  commission  work  in  the 
middle  west. 

May  17.  Mr.  William  H.  Brett.  The  Cleve- 
land Public  Library;  an  illustrated  lecture 
on  the  library  and  its  work,  especially  in  the 
branches. 

May  19.     Miss  Josephine  A.  Rathbone.     Fi> 


362 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


tion  from  the  desk  attendant's  point  of  view. 

Owing  to  continued  illness,  Miss  Martha  T. 
Wheeler  has  again  been  obliged  to  give  up  her 
work  in  the  school.  Miss  Mary  E.  Eastwood, 
'03,  who  was  in  general  charge  of  the  course 
in  selection  of  books  at  the  beginning  of  the 
school  year,  has  again  taken  the  major  part  of 
the  work  of  the  course.  She  has  been  assisted 
by  Rev.  Charles  F.  Porter,  '08,  of  the  traveling 
library  section,  who  has  given  the  lectures 
and  conducted  the  discussions  in  religion  and 
philosophy.  Miss  Mary  Ellis,  '92,  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  the  official  indexer  of  the  Educa- 
tion Department,  is  conducting  the  course  in 
indexing. 

The  library  institute  of  the  Albany  district, 
conducted  by  the  New  York  State  Library 
Association,  was  held  in  one  of  the  school's 
classrooms,  Tuesday,  May  20.  Lack  of  room 
prevented  the  attendance  of  many  of  the  stu- 
dents, but  a  number  of  the  seniors  acted  as 
guides  throughout  the  building  to  the  visiting 
librarians.  Among  the  speakers  were  Mr. 
Wyer,  Mr.  Watson,  Miss  Mary  E.  Eastwood, 
Miss  Mary  P.  Parsons,  and  Mr.  Walter,  of 
the  State  Library  staff.  Mr.  Wynkoop,  head 
of  the  public  libraries  section  and  editor  of 
New  York  Libraries,  was  in  general  charge 
of  the  meeting. 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

Alice  A.  Blanchard,  'o3-'o4,  has  been  en- 
gaged as  temporary  assistant  by  the  Newark 
(N.  J.)  Free  Public  Library. 

Genevieve.  Conant,  '13,  has  been  appointed 
head  cataloger  for  the  Public  Library,  Brook- 
line,  Mass.,  and  will  begin  her  duties  in  July. 

Isabella  M.  Cooper,  B.L.S.,  '08,  has  re- 
signed her  position  as  instructor  in  the  De- 
partment of  Library  Science  at  Simmons  Col- 
lege, and  will  go  to  the  Brooklyn  Public  Li- 
brary to  take  charge  of  the  sociological  de- 
partment. 

Lillian  M.  George,  B.L.S.,  '10,  has  been  ap- 
pointed cataloger  of  the  Oregon  Agricultural 
College  at  Corvallis  for  the  year  beginning 
July  i.  During  the  past  two  years  Miss  George 
has  had  charge  of  the  cataloging  and  classify- 
ing at  Purdue  University. 

F.  K.  WALTER. 

PRATT  INSTITUTE  SCHOOL  OF  LIBRARY 
SCIENCE 

The  work  of  the  third  term  consists  of  two 
mornings  a  week  (and  an  occasional  afternoon 
period)  of  class  room  work,  during  which  the 
courses  in  History  of  classification,  Cutter  clas- 
sification, Printing,  Business  methods,  Library 
administration  seminar,  and  Children's  work 
are  given.  Miss  Plummets  course  in  History 
of  libraries  and  Mr.  Eastman's  on  Library 
buildings  also  come  this  term,  and  the  elective 
course  in  Italian  that  was  so  successful  last 
year  is  offered  again.  The  rest  of  the  time, 
about  28  hours  a  week,  throughout  the  term,  is 
spent  in  practical  work.  Most  of  this  work  is 


done  here  in  our  own  library,  but,  thanks  to 
the  courtesy  of  neighboring  libraries,  students 
under  appointment  to  definite  positions,  or  in- 
tending to  take  up  distinct  kinds  of  work,  are 
enabled  to  get  practice  along  special  lines.  One 
student  is  working  two  afternoons  a  week  in 
the  Erasmus  Hall  High  School  library,  one  in 
the  library  of  the  Children's  Museum,  one 
spends  a  day  a  week  in  the  Traveling  Libraries 
department  of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library, 
and  one  is  acquiring  experience  in  the  admin- 
istration of  a  smaller  town  library  by  working 
at  Mt.  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  and  Englewood,  N.  J. 

The  class  have  enjoyed  lectures  from  Miss 
Stearns  and  from  Miss  Alice  Tyler  this  month 
and  an  informal  talk  from  Mr.  Brett,  who 
talked  to  them  about  the  special  children's 
course  given  by  the  Cleveland  Public  Library. 
As  a  result  two  members  of  the  class.  Miss 
Mary  E.  Hoover  and  Miss  Adeline  Cart- 
wright,  have  decided  to  go  to  Cleveland  next 
year. 

Friday  afternoon  visits  were  made  this 
month  to  Columbia  University,  the  Hispanic 
Society,  the  Bureau  of  Municipal  Research 
(where  Dr.  M.  H.  Allen  gave  an  hour  talk  on 
"What  public  libraries  can  do  for  their  city 
governments"),  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  Library,  the 
Newark  Public  Library,  and  the  Public  Li- 
brary of  Madison,  N.  J.  The  latter  was  in  re- 
sponse to  an  especial  invitation  extended  by 
the  board. 

ALUMNI    NOTES 

Ada  Thurston,  '02,  who  has  been  an  assist- 
ant in  J.  P.  Morgan's  library  for  some  years, 
was  a  beneficiary  under  Mr.  Morgan's  will  for 
$10,000. 

Clara  C  Field.  '05,  has  been  made  acting 
librarian  of  the  Kern  County  Library  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Janet  Jerome,  '07,  formerly  assistant  in  the 
children's  room  of  the  Denver  Public  Library, 
has  been  appointed  branch  librarian  of  the 
Henry  White  Warren  branch  of  that  library. 

Helen  M.  Davis,  '10,  formerly  children's  li- 
brarian in  the  East  branch  of  the  Portland, 
Ore.,  library,  has  been  made  librarian  of  the 
Public  Library  of  Franklin,  Indiana. 

Ingegard  Ekman,  'n,  writes  of  her  success 
in  establishing  a  children's  library  at  her  home 
in  Gothenburg,  Sweden. 

Ethel  H.  Opdycke,  'n,  was  married  April 
26  to  Alfred  F.  Meyerhans.  They  are  living 
at  Clifton  Park.  N.  J. 

JOSEPHINE  ADAMS  RATHBONE,  Vice-director. 

SIMMONS  COLLEGE— LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

Miss  June  Richardson  Donnelly,  teacher  of 
library  economy  in  the  Washington  Irving 
High  School  for  Girls,  New  York,  formerly 
director  of  the  Drexel  Institute  Library 
School,  has  been  elected  associate  professor 
of  library  science  in  Simmons  College,  libra- 
rian of  the  college,  and  director  of  the  Li- 
brary School.  She  follows  Miss  Robbins,  who 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


363 


has  resigned  after  serving  the  college  from  its 
foundation.  Miss  Donnelly  was  graduated 
from  the  University  of  Cincinnati  in  1895  with 
distinction,  and  from  the  New  York  State 
Library  School  in  1907.  As  an  assistant  at 
Simmons  College  and  later  as  director  of  the 
Library  School  at  Drexel  Institute  she  de- 
veloped rare  adminstrative  ability.  Her  force- 
ful personality  and  grasp  of  the  library  needs 
in  this  country  will,  it  is  hoped,  make  her  ad- 
ministration at  Simmons  notable;  for  she  be- 
lieves that  a  college  course  combined  with 
technical  training  offers  to  the  American  girl 
the  opportunity  for  culture  and  means  to  a 
livehood  that  she  has  long  desired. 

NEW  YORK  PUBLIC  LIBRARY— LIBRARY 
SCHOOL 

The  visiting  lecturers  of  the  past  month, 
speaking  before  the  junior  classes,  were  Miss 
L.  E.  Stearns,  of  the  Wisconsin  Library  Com- 
mission, on  "The  library  militant,"  and  on 
"Pioneer  library  work  in  Wisconsin,"  and  Miss 
Alice  Tyler,  of  the  Iowa  Library  Commission, 
on  "The  work  of  the  library  commission." 
The  students  had  the  pleasure  of  meeting  Miss 
Tyler  at  a  tea,  given  in  her  honor,  and  Miss 
Stearns  at  a  campfire  picnic,  given  by  the  stu- 
dents at  a  delightful  picnicking  spot  on  Staten 
Island. 

Mrs.  Luther  Gulick,  one  of  the  originators 
of  the  girls  campfire  movement,  also  addressed 
the  juniors  and  the  seniors  in  the  children's 
librarians'  course,  on  the  movement  and  its 
object,  exhibiting  the  costume  and  regalia. 
Juniors  and  seniors  together  listened  to  a  most 
interesting  address  by  John  Collier,  of  the 
National  Board  of  Censorship,  on  "Moving 
picture  shows." 

The  visits  to  libraries  since  the  last  record 
have  been  to  the  East  Orange  (N.  J.)  Public 
Library  and  its  branches,  with  an  inspection  of 
the  budget  exhibit,  made  by  "The  Oranges," 
to  the  Wadleigh  and  Morris  high  schools  in 
Manhattan,  and  the  Girls'  high  school  in 
Brooklyn. 

The  results  of  the  book  sewing,  pamphlet 
binding,  etc.,  were  some  very  good  pieces  of 
work  to  be  carried  away  by  the  students  for 
future  reference,  and  a  set  of  models  for  the 
school,  made  and  presented  by  Miss  Allerton, 
of  the  senior  class. 

The  juniors  tendered  a  May  party  to  the 
seniors  on  the  evening  of  May  9,  which  proved 
one  of  the  prettiest  functions  of  the  year. 

Senior  lectures  have  been  as  follows :  to  the 
class  in  administration,  a  talk  en  "Work  for 
the  blind  in  the  U.  S.,"  by  Mrs.  Delfino,  of  the 
Free  Library  of  Philadelphia,  following  a  visit 
to  "The  Lighthouse,"  the  new  headquarters  of 
New  York  work  for  the  blind.  An  invitation 
has  been  received  to  visit  the  printing  estab- 
lishment of  the  Matilda  Ziegler  Magazine, 
published  in  the  interests  of  the  blind,  which 
will  be  accepted  if  time  permits.  This  class 
has  had  also  talks  from  H.  L.  Cowing,  of  the 


New  Haven  Public  Library,  on  "The  circulat- 
ing department";  Miss  Harriet  Prescott,  of 
Columbia  University  Library,  on  "The  cata- 
loging department,"  and  Miss  Eleanor  B. 
Woodruff,  of  the  Pratt  Institute  Free  Library, 
on  "The  reference  department."  The  class  in 
advanced  cataloging  and  reference  work  has 
had  one  lecture  by  Miss  Isadore  Mudge,  of 
Columbia  University  Library,  on  "The  refer- 
ence department  of  the  college  library,"  and 
has  been  working  in  the  various  reference 
rooms  of  the  library  on  actual  problems  as- 
signed by  the  heads  of  the  departments.  Sev- 
eral juniors  are  giving  their  practice  time  to 
work  on  the  index  of  the  Catholic  Encyclo- 
paedia, which  has  its  headquarters  near  at  hand. 

Of  the  seniors,  Miss  Melvain  (N.  J.)  and 
Miss  Newberry  (Mich.)  have  been  engaged  as 
assistants  by  the  reference  department  of  the 
New  York  Public  Library,  Miss  Olmsted  (N. 
J.)  goes  as  cataloger  to  the  library  of  the  New 
York  School  of  Philanthropy,  and  Mrs.  Kel- 
liher  as  librarian  to  the  new  municipal  refer- 
ence branch  of  the  Portland  (Ore.)  Public 
Library.  Miss  Simonds  (Mass.),  of  the  ju- 
niors, has  been  engaged  to  fill  the  position  of 
librarian  of  the  New  York  Institution  for  the 
Blind,  as  soon  as  her  year  in  the  school  is  over. 

Other  appointments,  both  of  seniors  and 
juniors,  will  be  ready  for  announcement  in 
the  next  report. 

Entrance  examinations  for  1913-14  will  be 
given  on  June  9,  1913,  at  the  school  and  in 
various  parts  of  the  country.  One  set  of 
questions  has  already  been  dispatched  to  the 
Far  East 

The  new  circular  of  the  school  will  soon  be 
out,  enclosing  one  in  regard  to  the  work  of 
the  senior  year. 

REPORT   OF   THE   SENIOR   YEAR 

Now  that  the  experimental  year  of  senior 
studies  is  nearly  at  an  end,  it  seems  advisable 
to  make  some  report  on  the  work,  in  order 
that  librarians  may  know  what  has  been  done 
and  that  graduates  of  library  schools  may 
have  an  idea  of  just  what  is  offered. 

No  students  were  accepted  for  the  year  who 
were  not  graduates,  with  recommendations, 
from  a  library  school.  No  tuition  was  re- 
quired, since  those  who  were  appointed  to  po- 
sitions were  considered  members  of  the  library 
staff,  and  in  the  case  of  those  doing  unpaid 
practice,  the  fifteen  hours  of  work  per  week 
were  considered  to  offset  any  tuition  fee.  No 
charge  was  made  for  text  books  and  supplies. 

Members  of  the  staffs  of  the  Brooklyn  and 
Queens  Borough  Public  Libraries  were  of- 
fered the  same  privilege  given  to  members  of 
the  New  York  Public  Library's  staff.  The 
minimum  salary  offered  was  $50  per  month, 
the  present  initial  salary  of  the  library's  C 
grade. 

The  morning  hours  from  9  to  12  were  the 
ones  selected  for  school  work,  and  the  re- 
mainder of  the  students'  time  was  scheduled 


364 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


in  the  reference  or  circulation  departments  of 
the  library.  No  student  doing  full  library 
work  (40  hours  per  week)  could  take  more 
than  one  of  the  senior  courses  (two  mornings), 
but  students  doing  unpaid  practice  could  and 
did  elect  two  courses  or  four  mornings  of 
school  work. 

Three  courses  were  offered,  in  response  to 
the  demand  from  the  junior  class  and  from 
outside.  Thirteen  students,  having  no  special 
leanings,  elected  administrative  or  general 
work,  four  advanced  reference  or  cataloging, 
and  four  the  work  with  children.  Monday  and 
Wednesday  mornings  were  given  to  the  ad- 
vanced reference  and  cataloging,  Tuesday  and 
Thursday  to  administrative  subjects,  Wednes- 
day and  Friday  to  work  with  children.  The 
students  of  the  first-named  course  had  their 
practice  in  the  reference  and  cataloging  rooms, 
the  others  chiefly  in  the  branches  and  central 
circulation  room,  taking  the  same  sort  of 
schedules  as  the  regular  staff.  In  fact,  they 
Were  members  of  the  staff,  for  the  time  being, 
with  the  privilege  of  following  certain  courses 
in  the  school. 

In  the  course  in  advanced  cataloging  and 
reference  the  students  were  tested  in  the  cata- 
loging room  of  the  reference  department  for 
five  weeks,  and  for  an  equal  time  on  actual 
problems  in  the  various  reference  rooms  of  the 
same  department,  children's  reference,  eco- 
nomics, technology,  art,  government  docu- 
ments. They  had  a  course  of  lectures  in  the 
history  of  printing,  practice  in  the  cataloging 
of  early  printed  books,  a  course  in  subject 
bibliography  (chiefly  of  the  natural  sciences), 
lessons  in  bibliographical  Italian,  with  a  writ- 
ten test,  and  a  number  of  single  lectures,  such 
as  that  of  Mr.  Austin  B.  Keep,  on  the  "His- 
tory of  American  libraries,"  Miss  Ruth  Gran- 
niss,  on  "What  makes  an  old  book  interesting," 
and  Miss  Henrietta  Bartlett,  on  "Making  a 
bibliography."  This  class  selected  as  the  sub- 
jects of  the  bibliographies  to  be  presented  for 
the  diploma  "Free  speech,"  "Eugenics,"  and 
"Printers'  marks,"  all  three  subjects  having 
been  suggested  by  an  actual  demand. 

The  students  in  administration  had  a  course 
of  lectures  on  civic  matters,  followed  by  dis- 
cussion, and  on  numerous  subjects  pertaining 
to  library  administration,  such  as  heating, 
lighting  and  ventilation,  furnishing,  library  re- 
ports, advertising,  rules  and  regulations, 
budgets  and  financial  reports,  founding  and 
organizing,  library  extension,  etc.  Inasmuch  as 
there  could  be  no  practice  under  most  of  these 
heads,  discussion  and  note  taking  were  an  im- 
portant part  of  the  work.  Visits  were  made  to 
library  buildings,  settlements,  institutions  for 
the  blind;  some  practice  was  given  in  book- 
selection,  and  in  book-sewing,  covering  pamph- 
lets and  magazines,  mounting-  and  labeling, 
making  portfolios,  etc. 

The  students  electing  the  work  with  children 
had  a  series  of  lessons  with  Miss  Annie  C. 
Moore  on  children's  books,  and  with  Miss 


Anna  L.  Tyler  on  picture  bulletins  and  story- 
telling. Each  prepared  a  bulletin,  the  subjects 
being  Exploration  and  discovery,  Robert  Louis 
Stevenson,  and  St.  Valentine's  day.  They  also 
combined  in  making  a  graded  list  of  stories 
for  children,  for  use  in  the  library's  children's 
department.  Among  their  school  exercises 
were  visits  to  the  juvenile  departments  of 
book  stores,  to  settlements,  to  truant  schools, 
to  graded  public  schools,  to  Ellis  Island,  etc., 
each  followed  by  reports  made  in  class.  Much 
of  their  practice  was  in  the  children's  rooms 
of  the  library. 

Reports  of  the  practice  work  have  been  sent 
in  or  furnished  the  library  when  called  for,  so 
that  this  part  of  the  students'  course  is  still  of 
the  nature  of  testing  and  counts  toward  the 
granting  or  withholding  of  the  diploma. 

Commencement  exercises  will  take  place  on 
June  13,  at  ii  o'clock,  and  Mr.  Charles  K. 
Bolton,  of  the  Boston  Athenaeum  Library,  will 
deliver  the  Commencement  address,  "The  li- 
brarian in  a  democracy."  The  first  of  the  an- 
nual school  dinners,  projected  by  the  school, 
will  probably  take  place  the  evening  before. 

Plans  for  the  senior  courses  of  the  coming 
year  are  being  made  in  the  light  of  the  past 
year's  experience.  An  additional  course  is  to 
be  given,  toward  preparation  for  work  in 
school  and  college  libraries,  in  response  to  a 
demand. 

Mr.  Andrew  Keogh,  of  Yale  University  Li- 
brary, and  Miss  Isadore  Mudge,  of  Columbia 
University,  are  two  of  the  lecturers  who  will 
give  courses,  and  other  college  and  school 
librarians  have  been  invited.  A  course  on  the 
history  of  education  will  be  included,  and  it 
is  hoped  that  some  lectures  on  the  application 
of  psychology  to  the  work  of  the  librarian 
may  be  secured. 

In  the  advanced  reference  and  cataloging 
course,  a  number  of  lectures  on  "Bibliography 
and  bibliographies"  will  be  given  by  Miss  Hen- 
rietta Bartlett,  a  New  York  bibliographer  of 
reputation.  In  some  subjects,  the  schedules  of 
this  and  the  previous  course  will  lap,  and  the 
same  work  will  be  given  to  students  of  both 
courses.  More  attention  will  be  given  to  the 
cataloging  of  maps,  music  and  other  unusual 
material.  In  the  course  in  administration, 
Mr.  E.  H.  Anderson,  director  of  the  New 
York  Public  Library,  will  give  a  number  of 
talks  on  administration,  and  the  lectures  on 
civic  questions  will  be  continued.  The  course 
in  applied  psychology,  if  given,  will  probably 
be  so  timed  as  to  be  open  to  all  senior  stu- 
dents. 

The  course  for  children's  librarians  will  be 
somewhat  changed  in  the  proportion  of  sub- 
jects, but  Miss  Moore  and  Miss  Tyler  will 
continue  to  conduct  the  major  subjects. 

For  the  students'  own  sake,  the  fifteen  hours 
unpaid  practice  is  recommended,  in  order  that 
more  time  may  be  had  for  reading  and  study, 
or  for  the  taking  of  two  courses,  and  thus 
covering  more  ground.  Where,  for  financial 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


365 


or  other  reasons,  this  is  impracticable,  the 
full-paid  positions  can  almost  always  be  counted 
on.  Library  school  graduates,  after  some 
years  of  professional  work,  who  find  them- 
selves in  need  of  reinspiration  and  change  of 
thought,  can  surely  find  it  in  a  year  of  study 
and  recreation  combined  in  New  York,  which 
offers  so  much  of  both. 

No  entrance  examinations  are  required  of 
graduates  of  library  schools  recommended  by 
their  schools,  except  in  cases  where  their  en- 
trance tests  have  not  included  subjects  re- 
quired by  this  school.  The  diploma  of  the 
school  will  state  in  what  course  the  sudent  has 
taken  his  or  her  senior  work. 

Entrance  examinations  for  the  junior  class 
will  be  given  on  Monday,  June  9,  from  9  to  I 
and  2  to  6  o'clock,  at  the  school  and  at  as- 
signed points  throughout  the  country. 

Very  little  change  has  been  made  in  the 
junior  course,  with  the  exception  of  the  offer 
of  a  supplementary  or  advanced  course  in  gov- 
ernment documents  offered  to  those  students 
who  do  the  best  work  in  the  primary  course 
and  who  wish  a  more  thorough  knowledge. 
This  has  been  offered  by  Miss  Adelaide  R. 
Hasse,  and  will  be  most  valuable  to  students 
who  wish  to  go  into  government  positions  or 
to  prepare  for  legislative  reference  library 
work.  The  course  will  be  given  through  in- 
formal talks  and  practice  in  the  rooms  of  the 
Documents  Division. 

MARY  W.   PLUM  HER,  Principal 

CARNEGIE  LIBRARY  OF  PITTSBURGH— TRAIN- 
ING SCHOOL  FOR  CHILDREN'S  LIBRARIANS 

Miss  Mary  Wright  Plummer,  principal  of  the 
Library  School,  New  York  Public  Library, 
visited  the  school  and  gave  two  lectures  on 
"Applied  poetry"  and  "The  seven  joys  of 
reading,"  Friday,  May  2. 

Mrs.  Gudrun  Thorne-Thomsen,  instructor  in 
the  School  of  Education,  University  of  Chi- 
cago, gave  nine  lectures  on  story  telling  to  the 
class,  May  5-9.  Thursday  evening,  May  8, 
Mrs.  Thomsen  told  stories  in  the  East  Liberty 
Branch  Auditorium. 

Other  visiting  lecturers,  scheduled  for  the 
latter  part  of  May,  are: 

Mr.  Edwin  Hatfield  Anderson,  director  of 
New  York  Public  Library,  New  York  City, 
two  lectures  (illustrated),  on  the  "Work  of 
the  New  York  Public  Library." 
Mr.  Edward  L.  Tilton,  of  New  York,  archi- 
tect, two  lectures  (illustrated),  on  "Library 
buildings,"  May  29. 

During  the  spring  term  examinations  were 
given  in  "Lending  systems,"  "Library  work 
with  schools,"  "Ordering  and  accessioning," 
and  "Home  library  work." 

The   school   closes   its   spring  term  June  9, 
and    reopens    for  the   summer  term   June   16. 
Courses  bulletined  for  the  summer  term  are : 
Aids  to  library  economy,  Miss  Mann. 
Book  binding,  Mr.  Arthur  Bailey. 
Book  selection  for  children,  Miss  Knapp. 


Book  selection  for  children,  Miss  Randall. 

Branch  extension  work,  Miss  Howard. 

Business  methods,  Mr.  Wright, 

Classified  catalog,  Miss  Mann. 

Departmental  routine,   Miss  Law. 

Modern  public  library  movement  in  America, 

Miss  Bogle. 

Routine  work  of  branch  library,  Miss  Howard. 
Seminar  for  periodical  review,  Miss  McCurdy. 
During  the  summer  term  the  students  are 
scheduled  two  periods  a  week  for  practice 
work  in  the  summer  playgrounds.  In  connec- 
tion with  the  playground  work  a  series  of  lec- 
tures will  be  given  b.y  members  of  the  Pitts- 
burgh Playground  Association. 
LIBRARY  SCHOOL  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF 

WISCONSIN 

The  school  has  been  particularly  fortunate 
in  the  number  and  interest  of  the  speakers 
who  have  given  talks  or  addresses  during  the 
spring  term.  Besides  those  already  reported, 
President  Plantz,  of  Lawrence  University, 
spoke  on  "Importance  of  self  culture."  Mr. 
William  F.  Seward,  librarian  of  the  Bingham- 
ton  (N.  Y.)  Public  Library,  gave  two  lectures, 
one  on  "Men  and  the  library"  and  one  on 
"Vocational  guidance."  Mr.  Seward  brought 
with  him  samples  of  his  advertising  material, 
which  made  a  most  suggestive  exhibit.  Miss 
Ruth  Goodwin,  of  the  Wellesley  Graduate 
Council,  gave  a  talk  on  the  "Importance  of 
alumni  associations" ;  and  Miss  Amy  Homans, 
director  of  the  department  of  physical  educa- 
tion, Wellesley  College,  spoke  to  the  students 
on  "Physical  wellbeing/' 

Mr.  William  H.  Brett,  librarian  of  Cleve- 
land Public  Library,  was  the  guest  of  the 
school  for  its  annual  May  Day  festival,  lectur- 
ing also  on  the  "Decimal  classification  as  a 
logical  scheme  of  notation,"  and  giving  two 
talks  illustrated  with  lantern  slides.  These 
were  on  the  "Cleveland  Public  Library  and 
its  branches"  and  the  "Presidents  of  the  A. 
L.  A."  On  Saturday  morning,  May  3,  Mr. 
Brett  addressed  a  large  company  of  library 
workers  and  townspeople  of  Madison  inter- 
ested in  the  school  on  "The  larger  purpose  of 
the  public  library." 

The  class  gift,  a  beautiful  colored  print  of 
the  "Old  Blue  Mill,"  by  Thaulow,  was  pre- 
sented to  the  school  by  Mrs.  Koelker,  the  class 
president. 

The  guests  were  invited  to  view  the  exhibit 
of  picture  bulletins  made  by  each  of  the  stu- 
dents. The  presence  of  a  number  of  alumnae 
made  the  occasion  especially  pleasant.  Among 
those  from  out  of  town  were  Margaret  Rey- 
nolds, 1907,  Gertrude  Cobb  and  Margaret 
Greene,  1911,  and  Nell  Fawcett  and  Ethel  Rob- 
bins,  1912.  The  catalogs  prepared  by  the  com- 
mittee and  the  attractiveness  of  the  exhibit 
made  an  occasion  not  unlike  a  veritable  recep- 
tion at  the  opening  of  an  art  exhibition.  Cof- 
fee was  served  and  the  rooms  of  the  school 
were  opened  to  visitors.  The  subjects  selected 
for  bulletins  were  as  follows : 


366 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{June,  1913 


Art  galleries,  Miss  Glover. 

Aviation,  Mrs.  Koelker. 

The  baby,  Miss  Turner. 

Back  to  the  soil,  Miss  Hardy. 

Bible  stones  for  children,  Miss  Ely. 

Bird  study,  Miss  Luttrell. 

Book  making  in  the  middle  ages,  Miss  Tiffy. 

Books  about  Lincoln,  Miss  Ely. 

Bring  your  vacation  photos  to  the  library — 

posters,  Miss  Malmquist. 
Camping,  Miss  Calhoun. 
The  Canadian  north,  Miss  Brubaker. 
Child  study,  Mrs.  Luther. 
Child  welfare,  Miss  Nethercut. 
Chivalry,  Miss  Humble. 
Christmas,  Miss  Stewart. 
Cook  books,  Miss  Dickerson. 
Fairy  tales,  Miss  Rowe.  * 

Good  stories  to  tell,  Miss  Dukes. 
Grand  opera,  Miss  Westgate. 
Grown-ups  and  children,  Miss  Graves. 
How  to  know  the  wild  flowers,  Mrs.  Craig. 
King  Arthur  and  his  knights,  Miss  Fisher. 
Laws  die,  books  never,  Miss  Akers. 
Lullaby  land,  Miss  Frederickson. 
Missions,  Miss  Janes. 
Music  and  musicians,  Miss  Askey. 
Oriental  rugs,  Miss  Ely. 
The  original  American,  Miss  Mattson. 
Panama  canal,  Miss  Harris. 
Romance  of  the  ship,  Mrs.  Craig. 
Sleepy-time  stories,  Miss  Thatcher. 
Story  hour,  Miss  Egan. 
Transportation,  Miss  Aiken. 
Trees    that    every   child    should    know,    Miss 

Sawyer. 
Who  are  we?,  Miss  Beust. 

The  courses  in  document  cataloging,  binding 
and  book  buying,  with  the  required  practice 
work  in   each   subject,   have  been  completed. 
The  school  is  fortunate  in  having  secured  Miss 
Ethel  F.  McCollough,  librarian  of  the  Evans- 
ville   (Ind.)    Public  Library  and  formerly  in- 
structor in  the  school,  to  give  the  lectures  in 
Library  administration  and  equipment.     Sub- 
jects for  bibliographies  have  been  assigned  and 
the  students  are  at  work  upon  them. 
Miss  Aiken,  The  woman's  club  movement. 
Miss  Akers,  Physical  education. 
Miss  Askey,  Garden  cities. 
Miss   Beust,    Non-partisan  movement   in   city 

government. 

Miss  Burbaker,  Occupational  diseases. 
Miss  Calhoun,  The  organization  of  reference 

work. 

Mrs.  Craig,  Welfare  work. 
Miss   Dickerson,    American   literary  criticism, 

1890-1900. 
Miss  Dukes,  Domestic  science  in   elementary 

and  secondary  schools. 
Miss  Egan,  Cooperative  movements. 
Miss    Ely,    Reminiscences    of    American    life, 

1880-1890. 

Miss  Fisher,  Child  welfare  movements. 
Miss  Frederickson,  Life  and  works  of  Christ. 


Miss  Glover,  Resolved,  That  for  like  services, 
women  should  receive  the  same  pay  as  men. 

Miss  Graves,  Minimum  wage. 

Miss  Hardy,  Anniversaries  and  holidays. 

Miss  Harris,  Books  on  reading. 

Miss  Humble,  Mothers'  pensions. 

Miss  Janes,  Needs  in  civic  work. 

Mrs.  Koelker,  American  editions  of  Shake- 
speare. 

Mrs.  Luther,  Relation  of  library  and  school. 

Miss  Luttrell,  Teachers'  pensions. 

Miss  Malmquist,  Pageants  and  festivals. 

Miss  Mattson,  Norway  and  Sweden:  a  study 
club  outline,  with  bibliography. 

Miss  Nethercut,  Niagara. 

Miss  Rowe,  Anniversaries  and  holidays. 

Miss  Sawyer,  Efficiency  in  library  administra- 
tion. 

Miss  Stewart,  Consumers'  league. 

Miss  Thatcher,  Continuation  schools. 

Miss  Tiffy,  Life  and  works  of  St.  Paul. 

Miss  Turner,  Open  air  schools  and  visiting 
nurses. 

Miss  Westgate,  Cost  of  living. 

SCHOOL  NOTES. 

Agnes  Dickerson,  a  senior  in  the  j  oint  course, 
was  elected  to  Phi  Beta  Kappa  this  spring. 
Last  year  two  students  in  the  Library  School, 
Miss  Alice  Farquhar  and  Miss  Ruth  Rice, 
received  similar  honors. 

On  the  occasion  of  Miss  Hazeltine's  birth- 
day, the  students  gave  a  picnic  for  her  at 
"Arbroath,"  Maple  Bluff. 

Myrtle  Sette,  '07,  and  Ruth  Knowlton,  '09, 
visited  the  school  in  April. 

SYRACUSE    UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

The  senior  class  are  organizing  and  catalog- 
ing the  nearly  4000  volumes  of  the  Mineralogy 
Department  of  the  university. 

The  Rev.  W.  M.  Beauchamp,  S.T.D.,  for- 
merly archaeologist  of  the  New  York  State 
Museum  and  a  writer  and  authority  on  the 
local  history  of  Syracuse  and  vicinity,  gave  an 
interesting  and  instructive  lecture  before  the 
Library  School,  April  25,  on  the  "Importance 
of  collecting  and  preserving  source  material 
for  local  history." 

On  May  9  the  school  had  the  pleasure  of  a 
talk  on  binding  from  Thomas  P.  Ayer,  super- 
intendent of  the  binding  department  of  Co- 
lumbia University  Library. 

The  senior  class  and  some  of  the  freshmen 
and  juniors  of  the  Library  School  attended  the 
New  York  State  Library  Institute  held  at  the 
Canastota  Public  Library,  the  afternoon  of 
May  13.  Mr.  J.  I.  Wyer,  director  of  the 
New  York  State  Library  School,  and  Mr. 
Paul  Paine,  of  the  Syracuse  Post-Standard, 
were  the  principal  speakers. 

Several   exhibits   of   engravings   of  master- 
pieces of  art  have  been  displayed  in  one  of 
the  Library  School  rooms  during  the  year. 
MARY  J.  SIBLEY,  Director. 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


367 


WESTERN  RESERVE    UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 
SCHOOL 

During  the  past  month  Mr.  G.  O.  Ward, 
technical  librarian  of  the  Cleveland  Public 
Library,  has  given  two  lectures  to  the  students 
on  "Technical  book  selection";  Mr.  C.  P.  P. 
Vitz,  second  vice-librarian  of  the  Qeveland 
Public  Library,  has  begun  a  short  course  on 
"Reports  and  statistics"  as  a  part  of  the  course 
in  library  administration;  Professor  Allen 
Severance,  of  the  university  here,  has  given 
his  course  in  general  bibliography.  The  school 
has  enjoyed  the  annual  visit  of  Miss  Alice 
Tyler,  of  the  Iowa  State  Library  Commission, 
who  gave  ten  lectures  on  "The  organization 
and  administration  of  the  small  library." 

Miss  Ethel  Fegan,  librarian  of  the  Ladies' 
College,  Cheltenham,  England,  spent  a  day 
here  and  spoke  informally  and  very  interest- 
ingly to  the  students.  The  students  of  the 
Training  School  of  the  Carnegie  Library  of 
Pittsburgh  while  on  their  library  visit  to  Cleve- 
land were  the  guests  at  an  afternoon  tea  given 
at  the  school  for  Miss  Tyler.  The  school  has 
also  had  the  pleasure  of  entertaining  a  party 
of  members  of  the  staff  of  the  Detroit  Public 
Library. 

The  out  of  town  library  trips  are  now  being 
taken  to  places  of  library  interest  within  an 
easy  radius  of  Cleveland.  Thus  far  the  college 
library  at  Oberlin,  the  public  library  at  Wil- 
loughby,  the  college  and  public  libraries  at 
Painesville,  and  the  public  libraries  at  Elyria 
and  Lorain  have  been  visited. 

JULIA  M.  WHITTLESEY,  Director. 

IOWA  SUMMER  SCHOOL  FOR  LIBRARY 
TRAINING 

The  State  University  of  Iowa  announces  the 
twelfth  session  of  the  Summer  School  for 
Library  Training  to  be  held  at  Iowa  City  as  a 
department  of  the  Summer  Session,  June  16  to 
July  26.  1913- 

From  1901  to  1911,  inclusive,  the  Iowa  Li- 
brary Commission  conducted  a  school  for  li- 
brary training  at  the  university..  In  1912  no 
library  school  was  held.  This  omission  em- 
phasized the  fact  that  there  is  still  a  demand 
for  a  summer  library  school  in  Iowa.  Be- 
cause of  increased  pressure  of  work  the  secre- 
tary of  the  Iowa  Library  Commission  is  no 
longer  able  to  conduct  the  school.  The  uni- 
versity, however,  has  assumed  responsibility 
for  the  school,  and  the  university  librarian  will 
be  the  director,  the  Iowa  Library  Commission 
actively  cooperating  in  its  management. 

The  primary  purpose  of  the  school  is  to 
raise  the  standard  of  librarianship  in  the 
smaller  libraries  of  the  state  and  to  enlarge  the 
conception  of  what  the  library  should  stand 
for  in  the  community.  The  course  is  in  no 
sense  offered  as  a  substitute  for  the  full  train- 
ing of  one  of  the  regular  library  schools,  but 
is  intended  for  those  who  desire  instruction  in 


modern  library  methods,  yet  have  neither  the 
time  nor  the  means  to  attend  a  full  course 
school. 

Daily  instruction  is  given  in  the  fundamental 
subjects  relating  to  library  organization  and 
methods.  The  following  subjects  will  be  in- 
cluded: note-taking,  library  handwriting,  book 
selection  and  buying,  trade  bibliography,  me- 
chanical preparation  of  books,  accessioning, 
classification,  cataloging,  shelf  listing,  loan  sys- 
tems, statistics,  library  work  with  children, 
reference  work,  interior  arrangement  and  fur- 
nishing a  library  building,  library  administra- 
tion, binding  and  repair  of  books,  and  public 
documents. 

Entrance  examinations  are  not  required,  but 
candidates  are  supposed  to  have  completed  a 
high  school  course.  Applicants  now  holding 
library  positions  or  under  definite  appointment 
to  such  a  position,  are  eligible  for  admission, 
and  must  file  written  application  in  advance,  on 
a  blank  which  may  be  obtained  from  the  direc- 
tor. Inasmuch  as  emphasis  is  laid  on  practice 
work  and  prompt  technical  revision  and  cor- 
rection, the  number  admitted  is  limited  to 
twenty  in  the  regular  courses. 

Students  will  be  admitted  from  other  states 
if  the  admission  requirements  are  met  and  if 
the  limit  of  students  is  not  previously  reached 
by  Iowa  applicants. 

The  fee  for  tuition  in  the  Library  School  is 
$5  for  the  regular  course,  including  the  course 
in  library  work  with  children.  For  the  chil- 
dren's course  alone  the  fee  will  be  $3. 

MAINE   LIBRARY   COMMISSION— SUMMER 
LIBRARY  CLASS 

The  summer  library  class  of  the  Maine  Li- 
brary Commission  will  be  held  this  year  at 
the  University  of  Maine  Library,  Orono,  July 
29  to  Aug.  15,  inclusive.  The  university  li- 
brary, with  its  excellent  equipment,  will  be 
available  for  class  use,  and  the  summer  term 
of  the  university,  in  session  while  this  course 
is  being  given,  offers  opportunities  for  recrea- 
tion and  social  pleasures  not  otherwise  obtain- 
able. 

The  class  is  limited  to  20,  and  is  designed  es- 
pecially for  those  already  engaged  in  library 
work  or  having  library  appointments.  In- 
struction is  free  to  residents  of  Maine;  for 
others  the  tuition  charge  is  $7.50.  Mrs.  Belle 
Holcomb  Johnson,  visitor  and  inspector  for 
the  Connecticut  library  committee,  will  have 
charge  of  the  work. 


BIBLIOTHEQUES,  LIVRES  ET  LIBRARIES:  con- 
ferences faites  a  TEcole  des  Hautes-Etudes 
sociales  sous  le  patronage  de  1'Association 
des  Bibliothecaires  frangais  avec  le  concours 


368 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


de  1'Institut  International   de   Bibliographic 
et  du  Cercle  de  la  Librarie.    2d  series.   Mar- 
cel Riviere  et  Cie,  Paris,  1913.     181  p. 
The  first  series  of  these  lectures,  designed  to 
popularize  libraries,  was  reviewed  in  the  LI- 
BRARY JOURNAL  for  April,  1912.     The  purpose 
and  plan  of  the  second  series  are  similar  to  the 
first.      The    second    series    comprised    sixteen 
lectures,    eight   of   which   are   printed   in   the 
volume  before  us,  as  follows: 

(1)  Libraries  of  art  and  applied  art. 

(2)  The  Royal   Library  of  Berlin. 

(3)  The  Library  of  Congress  at  Washing- 

ton and  the  New  York  Public  Library. 

(4)  French  municipal  libraries. 

(5)  The  British  Museum. 

(6)  On    the    university    libraries    and    the 

scientific  press  of  Holland. 

(7)  Hygiene  in  libraries. 

(8)  Provincial  university  libraries  in  France. 
The    eight    lectures    omitted    are   those   on 

more  restricted  professional  and  technical  sub- 
jects, such  as  bibliography,  binding,  printing 
and  cataloging. 

The  chapter  on  the  Library  of  Congress  and 
the  New  York  Public  Library  was  prepared 
before  the  new  building  of  the  latter  was  oc- 
cupied or  opened  to  the  public,  and  the  matter 
relating  to  this  library  naturally  deals  only 
with  the  principal  features  of  the  building  and 
the  architectural  conveniences  for  light,  heat 
and  administration. 

A  closing  paragraph  in  this  chapter  gives 
an  interesting  sidelight  on  what  the  French 
think  of  one  of  the  points  in  library  admin- 
istration regarding  which  Americans  are  the 
most  complacent.  Freely  translated  it  reads: 

"On  their  side  Americans  have  much  to 
learn  from  us.  One  is  greatly  surprised  that, 
following  us,  they  have  profited  so  little  by 
pur  experience.  Why  have  they  adopted  sub- 
ject classification  on  the  shelves?  It  is  im- 
practical and  useless  in  large  libraries;  im- 
practical because  the  constant  intercalation  of 
new  books  makes  frequent  rearrangement  nec- 
essary and  complicates  endlessly  the  signs, 
letters  and  figures  which  must  be  used  to 
designate  the  location  of  books;  useless  be- 
cause the  reader  is  never  taken  to  the  shelves, 
and  it  is  all  one  to  him  whether  a  book  on 
cooking  stands  next  to  a  treatise  on  painting, 
provided  the  treatise  on  painting  is  brought 
to  him  when  he  wants  it.  The  Bibliotheque 
Nationale  gave  up  this  system  a  long  time 
ago.  Thus  we  are  not  a  little  surprised  to 
see  it  still  practiced  in  the  United  States.  The 
Library  of  Congress  published  last  year  an 
outline  for  a  classification  scheme  for  the  so- 
cial sciences — an  outline  of  more  than  800 
pages.  Why  did  it  not  instead  print  a  subject 
catalog,  simple  and  convenient  in  form,  made 
by  the  alphabetical  arrangement  of  the  names 
of  the  subjects  of  the  books  included,  and 
adopt  for  the  books  themselves  a  simpler 
classification  permitting  their  easier  use?" 

J.  I.  WYER,  JR. 


POLLARD,  Alfred  W.  Fine  books.  London, 
Methuen,  1912.  xv+332  p.,  8°.  (Connois- 
seur's library.) 

Mr.  Pollard's  title  is  somewhat  misleading, 
as  the  work  is  devoted  chiefly  to  incunabula 
and  some  of  the  more  noteworthy  volumes  of 
the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  century.  More 
than  half  of  the  forty  plates  that  make  up  the 
illustrations  of  the  volume  are  from  books 
printed  before  1500.  "Fine  old  books,"  or 
"Fine  early  printed  books,"  would  have  given 
one  a  more  exact  idea  of  the  scope  of  the 
present  work,  though  the  author  would  prob- 
ably not  grant  that  there  were  any  early 
printed  books  that  are  not  fine.  He  allows 
that  students  of  a  specialty  run  some  risk  of 
losing  their  sense  of  proportion,  and  admits 
that  he  is  conscious  of  having  looked  at  so 
many  fifteenth-century  woodcuts  that  he  dis- 
tinctly overrates  them.  Mr.  Robert  Proctor, 
"who  knew  more  about  fifteenth-century  books 
than  any  other  man  has  ever  known  or  is 
ever  likely  to  know,"  once  said  to  Mr.  Pollard 
that  he  did  not  think  he  had  ever  seen  an 
ugly  one. 

In  his  preface,  the  author  states  that  this 
work  has  been  ten  years  on  the  stocks,  and 
that  much  of  it  has  been  written  over  two  or 
three  times,  either  because  his  own  informa- 
tion had  increased  or  because  he  wished  to 
embody  the  result  of  the  successful  research 
of  others.  He  confesses  to  defeat  in  one  main 
point — the  book  was  begun  with  a  confident 
determination  to  cover  the  whole  ground, 
from  the  beginnings  of  printing  and  printed 
book  illustration  down  to  our  own  day.  In 
the  case  of  printing,  the  survey  has  been  car- 
ried through,  though  in  the  later  parts  rather 
sketchily,  but  the  corresponding  survey  of 
book  illustration  ends,  as  the  author  grants, 
with  obvious  marks  of  compression  and  fa- 
tigue, about  the  year  1780,  leaving  the  story 
of  a  hundred  and  thirty  years  of  very  inter- 
esting picture  work  untold.  The  subject  of 
the  section  which  had  to  be  abandoned  was 
not  only  very  large,  but  very  miscellaneous, 
and  it  would  have  been  necessary  to  have  in- 
cluded at  least  France,  Germany  and  the 
United  States,  in  addition  to  Great  Britain. 
Mr.  Pollard  consoles  himself  with  the  reflec- 
tion that  the  paper  and  print  of  these  modern 
books  are  so  poor  that  they  do  not  really  fall 
within  the  class  of  "fine  books,"  but  are  only 
books  with  fine  pictures  in  them,  and  so  are 
outside  the  scope  of  the  present  treatise. 

The  initial  chapter  on  collectors  and  collect- 
ing has  some  well-known  facts  about  famous 
collectors,  but  the  analysis  of  what  attracts 
the  collector  will  be  prized  as  a  contribution 
to  the  philosophy  of  bibliophilism.  Rarity  of 
itself  is  of  no  interest  to  collectors  worthy 
of  the  name ;  nobody  wants  a  really  dull  book 
simply  because  it  is  unique  or  nearly  so. 
Likewise  age  alone  cannot  give  value  in  the 
eyes  of  the  informed  collector;  an  old  volume 
of  sermons  would  not  command  a  high  price 
simply  been  use  of  its  antiquity.  If,  however, 


June,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


369 


it  were  a  scarce  old  volume,  illustrating  the 
work  of  some  particular  press  or  by  some 
author  noteworthy  for  his  position  in  the 
community  at  the  time,  it  might  be  prized  by 
collectors,  apart  from  any  literary  merit  it 
chanced  to  possess.  If  one  goes  back  far 
enough,  age  adds  considerably  to  the  in- 
terest in  fifteenth-century  books.  Beauty  of 
form  is  apt  to  be  a  secondary  consideration 
with  collectors,  although  comparatively  few 
adopt  it  as  the  basis  of  their  collections.  In 
respect  to  the  condition  of  copies,  however, 
this  is  a  guiding  principle.  The  demand  for  a 
good  copy  will  often  be  ten  times  as  keen  as 
that  for  a  poor  copy,  even  though  the  latter 
has  no  leaves  actually  wanting.  The  excep- 
tionally poor  copy  would  often  have  no  sell- 
ing value  were  it  not  useful  to  students,  who 
are  willing  to  pay  a  small  price  for  it  as  a 
working  copy. 

The  interest  which  books  have  in  the  eyes 
of  a  collector  centers  largely  in  their  associa- 
tions, and  these  may  be  historical,  personal  or 
purely  literary.  Among  historical  associations, 
those  connected  with  the  history  of  printing 
come  first,  and  are  the  ones  which  chiefly  con- 
cern Mr.  Pollard  in  the  present  work.  Many 
incunabula  are  interesting  through  the  light 
they  throw  on  the  life  of  the  early  printers, 
and  on  their  struggles  with  the  new  art  which 
was  to  revolutionize  society.  Some  of  the  best 
sidelights  are  gained  through  a  study  of  the 
colophons,  which  not  only  portray  the  ambi- 
tions of  the  printers,  but  discuss  quite  frankly 
the-  difficulties  encountered  by  them  in  prose- 
cuting their  labors.  These  colophons  are 
sometimes  quite  lengthy,  for  here  the  editor 
or  the  printer  could  take  a  fling  at  previous 
attempts  along  the  same  line,  or  could  ask 
for  indulgence  or  encouragement  from  the 
reading  public.  For  example,  the  colophon  of 
a  little  grammar,  printed  at  Acqui,  tells  us 
this:  "The  Doctrinale  of  Alexander  Villedieu 
(God  be  praised!)  comes  to  a  happy  end.  It 
has  been  printed  amid  enough  inconveniences, 
since  of  several  things  belonging  to  this  art 
the  printer,  in  making  a  beginning  of  it,  could 
obtain  no  proper  supply,  owing  to  the  plague 
raging  at  Genoa,  Asti  and  elsewhere.  Now 
this  same  work  has  been  corrected  by  the 
prior  Venturinus,  a  distinguished  grammarian, 
and  that  so  diligently  that  whereas  previously 
the  Doctrinale  in  many  places  seemed  by  the 
fault  of  booksellers  top  little  corrected,  now 
by  the  application  of  his  care  and  diligence  it 
will  reach  men's  hands  in  the  most  correct 
form  possible.  After  this  date  books  will  be 
printed  in  type  of  another  kind,  and  elegantly, 
I  trow;  for  both  artificers  and  a  sufficiency 
of  other  things,  of  which  hitherto  the  putter 
forth  has  been  in  need,  he  now  possesses  by 
the  gift  of  God,  Who  disposes  all  things  ac- 
cording to  the  judgment  of  his  will."  Despite 
these  proud  boasts,  the  fond  hopes  of  this 
pioneer  printer  were  not  to  be  realized,  and 
he  produced  no  other  book. 

Mr.   Pollard  treats,  in  turn,  with  his  usual 


skill  and  sympathy,  such  topics  as  block  books, 
the  invention  of  printing,  its  development  in 
early  German  and  Dutch  illustrated  works, 
and  dwells  with  special  fondness  on  the 
Italian,  French  and  Spanish  illustrated  books. 
There  are  separate  chapters  on  "English  books 
printed  elsewhere  than  at  London,"  "English 
woodcut  illustrations,"  "Engraved  illustra- 
tions" and  "Modern  fine  printing."  The  brief 
closing  paragraph  of  the  book  is  devoted  to 
the  United  States,  where,  "in  addition  to  some 
merely  impudent  plagiarisms,  several  excellent 
efforts  after  improved  printing  were  inspired 
by  the  English  movement  of  which  Morris 
was  the  most  prominent  figure."  The  Elston, 
Merrymount  and  Riverside  presses  are  singled 
out  for  special  commendation.  There  is  a 
select  bibliography  of  ten  pages. 

Like  its  companion  volume  on  "Illuminated 
manuscripts,"  by  Mr.  J.  A.  Herbert  (reviewed 
in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  February,  1912),  the 
work  is  one  for  the  connoisseur  rather  than 
the  amateur. 

THEODORE  W.  KOCH. 

Readers'  Guide  to  Periodical  Literature,  Sup- 
plement. Minneapolis,  H.  W.  Wilson  Com- 
pany. To  be  issued  bi-monthly,  with  the 
omission  of  the  July  number. 

Industrial  Arts  Index,  being  a  cumulative  in- 
dex to  engineering  and  trade  j  ournals.  Min- 
neapolis, H.  W.  Wilson  Company.  To  be 
issued  bi-monthly,  with  the  omission  of  the 
July  number. 

Annual  Magazine  Subject-index,  1912,  includ- 
ing as  part  2  the  Dramatic  Index,  1912,  ed. 
by  F.  W.  Faxon,  299  and  322  p.  O.  Boston, 
Boston  Book  Company,  1913. 

Bibliographic   der  Sozialwissenschaften,  hrsg. 

von  Georg  Maas.     Berlin,  Julius   Springer. 

To  be  issued  semi-monthly. 

The  appearance  of  two  new  periodical  bib- 
liographies published  by  the  H.  W.  Wilson 
Company,  together  with  the  change  of  owner- 
ship, and  to  some  extent  of  scope  of  the  Bib- 
liographic der  Sozialwissenschaften,  formerly 
published  by  the  Internationales  Institut  fur 
Sozialbibliographie,  will  at  once  awaken  dis- 
cussion as  to  the  needs  of  American  libraries 
for  indexes  of  current  periodicals.  Consider- 
ation of  the  scope  covered  at  present,  of  un- 
necessary duplication,  and  of  subjects  for 
which  there  are  no  adequate  periodical  in- 
dexes, suggests  that  the  subject  demands  care- 
ful study  and  investigation.  Neither  the 
American  Library  Association  nor  the  Biblio- 
graphical Society  of  America  seems  to  have 
given  the  subject  the  attention  it  deserves,  al- 
though at  a  meeting  of  the  Bibliographical 
Society  in  1910  a  paper  was  read  by  Mr.  J.  C. 
Bay  on  the*  "Survey  of  periodical  bibliogra- 
phy." He  closed  his  paper  with  the  recom- 

*  Bibliographical  Society  of  America.  Papers  1905. 
Vol  5,  p.  61-69. 


370 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


mendation  that  a  committee  be  appointed  to< 
"investigate  the  scope,  manner  of  publication, 
and  relative  utility  of  existing  [periodical] 
bibliographies,  to  look  into  the  problem  of  un- 
necessary duplication,  to  consider  remedies  . . . 
and  propose  an  adjustment."  If  such  a  com- 
mittee was  appointed,  there  seems  to  be  little 
record  of  its  activities. 

A  reviewer  of  the  two  new  Wilson  publica- 
tions is  handicapped  by  the  fact  that  the  num- 
bers issued  are,  according  to  the  publishers, 
but  little  more  than  prospectuses  of  what  it  is 
proposed  to  do.  The  Supplement  to  the  Read- 
ers' Guide  (vol.  I,  no.  i,  March,  1913)  in- 
dexes 37  periodicals.  It  is  proposed  to  in- 
crease the  number  to  100  as  soon  as  possible. 
Of  the  37  magazines  indexed  in  the  first  num- 
ber, 18  were  included  in  the  Readers'  Guide 
for  1912.  Of  the  remaining  19,  five  were  in- 
cluded in  the  Magazine  Subject-index  for  1912. 
Hence,  only  14  of  the  37  magazines  indexed 
in  the  Supplement  were  not  covered  by  exist- 
ing indexes  in  1912.  The  H.  W.  Wilson  Com- 
pany states  that  the  magazines  transferred 
from  the  Readers'  Guide  to  the  Supplement 
will  be  replaced  in  the  Guide  by  more  popular 
magazines.  The  April  number  of  the  Guide 
announces  the  addition  of  eight  to  partly  re- 
place those  transferred.  Three  of  the  eight 
were,  however,  indexed  in  the  Magazine  Sub- 
ject-index for  1912.  Both  the  Guide  and  the 
.Supplement  have  included  an  index  to  certain 
books  of  composite  character. 

The  Supplement  obviously  shows  some  lack 
of  cooperation  and  some  danger  of  duplication. 
Even  if  the  Magazine  Subject-index  omits 
those  magazines  now  included  in  the  Guide 
.and  the  Supplement,  there  will  be  some  loss 
and  embarrassment  to  the  reference  librarian 
owing  to  a  lack  of  continuity.  From  a  libra- 
rian's standpoint  it  is  not  wise  to  have  the 
Kindergarten  Primary  Magazine  or  M Cody's 
indexed  in  the  Magazine  Subject-index  for 
1912,  in  the  Supplement  for  1913,  and  possibly 
in  the  Readers'  Guide  for  1914.  And  might  it 
not  be  preferable  to  confine  the  index  of  books 
of  composite  character  to  either  the  Guide  or 
the  Supplement  and  not  to  divide  it  between 
the  two? 

The  Industrial  Arts  Index  (vol.  I,  no.  I, 
February,  1913)  gives  a  list  of  43  magazines 
which  will  be  included  in  the  next  issue.  The 
number  indexed  will  be  gradually  increased. 
Of  the  43  all  but  five  are  indexed  regularly  by 
the  Engineering  Magazine  in  the  Engineering 
Index  (published  monthly,  with  an  annual 
cumulative  volume).  The  arrangement  of  the 
Industrial  Arts  Index  is  alphabetical  by  author 
and  subject.  The  Engineering  Index  is  on  the 
other  hand  an  alphabetical  classed  bibliogra- 
phy, the  subjects  being  alphabetized  under 
main  subdivisions,  such  as  Automobiles,  Street 
and  electric  railways,  etc.  The  Industrial  Arts 
Index  is  to  cumulate  with  each  number  (five 
per  year)  ;  the  Engineering  Index  does  not 
cumulate  until  the  end  of  the  year.  The 


monthly  numbers  of  the  Engineering  Index 
are  included  as  a  supplement  to  the  Engineer-^ 
ing  Magazine,  which  is  probably  found  in  most, 
if  not  all,  of  the  medium-sized  and  larger  li- 
braries of  the  country.  Attention  should  also 
be  called  to  the  Repertorium  der  technischen 
Journal-litteratur,  published  annually  by  the 
Kaiserliches  Patentamt.  It  covers  satisfactor- 
ily the  engineering  literature  of  all  countries, 
is  exceptionally  complete  for  its  field,  and  is  a 
necessity  in  the  large  engineering  libraries.  It 
is  not,  however,  suitable  for  the  smaller  insti- 
tutions. 

If  there  were  no  untrodden  paths  in  the 
field  of  periodical  bibliography,  the  Industrial 
Arts  Index  would  be  welcome  as  an  additional 
aid,  even  if  the  material  were  duplicated  else- 
where in  somewhat  different  form.  But  un- 
fortunately, although  we  have  the  annual 
"Writings  on  American  history,"  a  satisfactory 
and  useful  list  in  spite  of  its  tardiness,  the  1911 
volume  having  not  yet  appeared,  we  have  no 
satisfactory  periodical  bibliography  of  the  so- 
cial sciences,  in  spite  of  the  great  interest  in 
social  and  public  affairs,  with  so  many  muni- 
cipal libraries  now  coming  into  existence.  It 
was  hoped  that  the  Bibliographic  der  Sozial- 
wissenschaften,  published  formerly  by  the  In- 
ternationales Institut  der  Bibliographic,  would 
meet  this  need.  But  its  elaborate  classified  ar- 
rangement under  German  headings  has  made 
it  difficult  for  American  librarians  to  use.  Be- 
ginning with  1913  the  bibliography  will  be 
published  by  Julius  Springer.  Many  American 
and  English  magazines  have  been  dropped  and 
German  publications  added  to  replace  them. 
Even  such  a  representative  publication  as  the 
Quarterly  Journal  of  Economics  seems  to  have 
been  omitted  from  the  Index. 

Here  then  is  one  field  which  is  not  covered 
to  any  extent  by  our  periodical  bibliographical 
publications.  Would  it  not  be  of  more  value 
to  us  as  librarians  to  have  some  index  to  the 
periodical  publications  in  the  field  of  social  and 
public  affairs  rather  than  an  additional  index 
for  industrial  arts  which  are  to  a  fair  evtent 
already  covered? 

Through  the  cooperation  of  the  publishers 
of  the  Publishers'  Weekly  and  the  H.  W.  Wil- 
son Company  the  American  trade  bibliography 
is  admirably  covered  without  duplication.  The 
periodical  bibliography  is  not  in  nearly  so  sat- 
isfactory a  state.  Why  should  not  the  Amer- 
ican Library  Association,  through  the  A.  L.  A. 
Publishing  Board  or  through  a  special  com- 
mittee, attempt  to  survey  the  field,  ascertain 
the  needs,  and  investigate  any  possible  dupli- 
cation? It  might  well  aid  in  improving  the 
scope  and  methods  of  our  existing  bibliogra- 
phies and  provide  a  meeting  point  for  the 
various  publishers  engaged  in  this  work.  The 
question  concerns  the  librarians  and  refer- 
ence librarians  even  more  than  the  bibliogra- 
phers. The  desired  end  should  be  reached  the 
more  easily,  inasmuch  as  our  bibliographical 
publications  are  not  on  a  strictly  commercial 


June,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


371 


basis.  It  is  a  matter  of  congratulation  that  the 
various  publishers  have  shown  themselves  so 
willing  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  librarians  and 
that  so  much  progress  has  been  made  since 
W.  F.  Poole  issued  his  first  "Index"  in  1848. 
CHARLES  H.  BROWN. 

KAISER,  J.    Systematic  indexing.    London,  Sir 

Isaac  Pitman  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  1911.     12s.  6d. 

net. 

This  volume  is  the  second  of  the  Card  sys- 
tem series.  The  author,  as  librarian  of  the 
Tariff  Commission,  is  evidently  obliged  to 
handle  an  immense  variety  of  information.  A 
comprehensive  and  almost  universally  appli- 
cable system  of  indexing  is  therefore  neces- 
sary, and  it  is  probably  out  of  his  experience 
in  arranging  a  multitude  of  world-wide  facts 
that  the  broad  and  well-reasoned  plan  of  in- 
dexing contained  in  this  large  volume  has 
grown.  The  purpose  of  the  book  is  to  apply 
a  system  of  indexing  by  cards  to  the  entire 
mass  of  information  in  the  possession  of  any 
business  for  the  use  of  the  manager  of  that 
business.  The  author  first  demonstrates  the 
necessity  of  indexing;  next,  he  examines  the 
material  and  the  means  of  controlling  it; 
then  he  proceeds  to  describe  his  method  of 
systematic  indexing,  discussing  its  application 
to  the  card  system,  and  finally  its  application 
to  a  single  book. 

In  the  field  of  indexing  there  is  certainly 
room  for  system  and  standardization.  In- 
dexes are  generally  made  according  to  indi- 
vidual notions.  At  best,  they  are  made  by 
book  catalogers,  who  almost  inevitably  make 
the  mistake  of  indexing  titles  or  phrases 
rather  than  facts.  In  spite  of  the  rapid  in- 
crease of  all  kinds  of  literature,  of  the  grow- 
ing demand  for  more  and  better  indexes,  and 
of  the  tendency  toward  specialization,  there 
is  an  absence  of  system  and  of  standards  and 
of  willingness  to  incur  expense  for  proper 
indexing  that  is  astonishing.  The  publication 
of  such  a  work  as  this  is  therefore  especially 
welcome. 

Mr.  Kaiser's  system  is  too  extensive  to  be 
explained  here  in  detail.  The  reader  of  his 
book  will  find  a  clear  presentation  and  devel- 
opment of  principles  of  classification  and  ar- 
rangement that  can  be  applied  to  any  subject 
— commercial,  technical  or  professional — and 
be  extended  without  limit.  Well  mastered 
and  rigorously  applied,  this  system  would 
probably  meet  every  possible  requirement. 

It  is  not  difficult  for  an  orderly  mind  to 
contrive  systematic  methods  of  work;  but  the 
value  of  a  system  depends  on  the  manner  in 
which  it  is  carried  out  and  controlled.  The 
author  says  more  than  once  that  the  useful- 
ness of  his  system  depends  on  its  control. 
There  must  be  a  man  behind  the  guns.  It 
may  be  a  question,  after  all,  whether  the 
man  who  is  able  rigorously  to  administer  the 
method  of  this  book  would  not  be  able  to 
devise  an  equally  useful  system  of  his  own. 
For  the  matter  really  develops  into  a  scheme 


of  philosophy,  and  as  hardly  any  two  philoso- 
phers ever  have  agreed,  perhaps  it  is  not  too 
much  to  say  that  no  two  indexers  will  agree. 

In  fact,  the  author  of  "Systematic  indexing" 
disagrees  with  almost  everything  that  has  so 
far  been  done  in  the  matter  with  which  he 
concerns  himself.  He  differs  in  his  termin- 
ology, in  his  classification,  in  his  alphabeting 
and  in  his  punctuation,  as  well  as  in  his  sys- 
tem of  indexing.  He  gives  much  space  to 
objections  to  the  classification  of  Dewey,  Cut- 
ter, J.  D.  Brown  and  L.  S.  Jast,  his  criticisms 
being,  in  the  main,  sound.  In  his  extended 
remarks,  however,  on  Dewey's  decimal  classi- 
fication and  relative  index  for  libraries,  he  is 
rather  captious  (see  paragraphs  260,  262),  for 
he  admits  that  the  almost  universal  acceptance 
of  this  system  is  a  great  achievement.  It  is 
evident  that,  in  order  to  be  useful,  a  system 
must  meet  ready  and  general  acceptance,  and 
be  based  on  common  and  not  individual  needs. 
The  author's  system,  in  its  main  rule  of  ob- 
serving the  order  "concrete,  country,  process," 
or,  in  simpler  phrase  what,  where,  how,  is 
based  on  a  natural  and  generally  accepted 
principle. 

In  minor  matters,  he  offers  many  good  sug- 
gestions. His  suggestion  that  in  lists  of  names 
of  individuals  and  business  firms  the  inversion 
usually  employed,  e.g., Smith, John  A.,  should 
give  place  to  the  absolute  form,  John  A.  Smith 
—the  alphabeting  being  marked  by  capital- 
izing Smith — is  a  commendable  one.  So,  too, 
is  his  recommendation  to  avoid  needless  punc- 
tuation. His  method  of  writing  dates  (  e.  g., 
1913  IV  15,  for  the  isth  of  April,  1913)  will 
meet  little  favor,  since  the  habit  of  putting 
the  year  last  and  the  month  or  day  first  is 
firmly  fixed. 

When  the  author's  system  is  applied  to  the 
indexing  of  an  ordinary  book,  its  elaborate- 
ness appears  in  strong  light.  If  book  indexes 
were  made  after  his  plan  they  would,  no 
doubt,  be  better,  but  there  would  be  very  few 
of  them  made ;  for  the  plan  necessitates  some  20 
separate  processes,  and  the  enormous  amount 
of  work  involved  can  be  understood,  for  in- 
stance, from  the  illustration  he  gives  in  para- 
graph 606,  where  12  cards,  containing  86 
words  and  12  references,  are  finally  condensed 
into  i  title  of  2  words  with  6  references,  and 
i  sub-title  of  i  word  with  5  references.  In 
his  discussion  of  book  indexes,  the  author 
gives  his  reasons  for  preferring  numbered 
paragraphs  to  numbered  pages.  He  would 
always,  as  in  the  present  volume,  dispense 
with  page  numbering  and  make  references 
only  to  numbered  paragraphs.  His  reasons 
are  not  convincing,  for  the  page,  while  it  may 
be  only  a  mechanical  and  not  a  logical  divi- 
sion of  a  book,  is  too  convenient  and  too 
well  established  a  means  of  reference  to  be 
abandoned  for  the  paragraph.  It  is  a  ques- 
tion, also,  if,  on  the  whole,  a  passage  or  name 
can  be  more  quickly  found  by  a  paragraph 
reference  than  by  a  page  reference.  It  might 
be  more  quickly  found  in  certain  kinds  of 


372 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


writing,  as  when  the  paragraphs  are  nearly 
uniform  in  size  and  are  considerably  smaller 
than  the  page;  but  suppose,  as  might  often  be 
the  case,  the  paragraph  is  longer  than  the 
page?  Furthermore,  most  writers  of  books 
other  than  schoolbooks  or  technical  works 
would  decidedly  object  to  disfiguring  them 
by  numbering  their  paragraphs. 

Some  dozen  typographical  errors  have  been 
noted — rather  more  than  would  be  expected. 
Possibly  the  worst  of  them  occurs  in  para- 
graph 171,  where  the  puzzling  figures  0161 
and  6061  prove  to  be  the  date  1910  and  1909, 
and  may  indicate  that  the  printer  became  mo- 
mentarily affected  by  the  author's  manifest 
penchant  for  the  inversion  of  the  usual. 

On  the  whole,  the  reader  of  this  work,  after 
he  has  overcome  a  certain  unfavorable  im- 
pression due  to  typographical  oddities  and 
impracticable  recommendations,  will  find  it 
suggestive  and  valuable.  A.  A.  BROOKS. 

periodical  an&  otbet  Xfteraturc 

The  Missouri  Alumnus  for  April,  1913,  con- 
tains "M.  U.  librarians,  1849-96,"  by  H.  O. 
Severance,  a  sketch  of  the  university  libra- 
rians and  of  early  conditions  in  the  library. 

Public  Libraries,  May,  contains  "The  libra- 
rian and  public  taste,"  by  Edwin  L.  Shuman; 
"The  public  library  an  investment — not  an  ex- 
pense," by  George  F.  Bowerman;  "Tainted 
money,"  by  J.  P.  Dunn,  and  a  symposium  on 
"What  the  A.  L.  A.  can  do." 

CANADIAN 

A  Selected  List  of  Books,  published  quar- 
terly by  the  Ontario  Department  of  Education, 
contains  selections  of  titles  of  new  books  es- 
pecially desirable  for  small  libraries,  and  rec- 
ommended for  purchase  by  the  libraries  of  the 
province.  In  each  class  the  titles  have  been 
selected  by  experts,  and  represent  the  best  of 
current  publications. 

ENGLISH 

The  Library  Assistant,  May,  contains  "The 
Easter  school  in  Holland,"  by  O.  E.  Clarke, 
and  "Modern  library  binding,"  by  Henry  T. 
Coutts. 

Library  Association  Record,  April  15,  con- 
tains an  article  on  "Book  pests  and  book  and 
print  restoration,"  by  Thomas  W.  Huck,  and 
the  Proceedings  of  the  35th  annual  meeting  of 
the  Library  Association. 

Library  World,  April,  contains  "The  inno- 
cents in  Holland"  and  "William  Caxton,"  in 
A.  Cecil  Piper's  series  on  Great  printers. 

FOREIGN 

Het  Boek,  April  15,  contains  "Oude  Hol- 
landsche  zeevaartnitgaven ;  De  zeevaert"  van 
Adrian  Gerritsz,  by  C.  P.  Burger,  jr.,  and 
"Nederland-Rusland ;  vergeten  boekjes,"  by  A. 
C.  Croiset  van  der  Kop. 


La  Coltura  Popolare,  April  15,  prints  "Le 
biblioteche  e  la  posta,"  by  P.  Barbera. 

La  Coltura  Popolare,  April  30,  contains  "Le 
biblioteche  comunali  e  provinciali,"  by  Ettore 
Fabietti. 

For  Folke-og  Barneboksamlinger,  March, 
contains  "Per  Sivle,"  by  Ola  Raknes;  "For 
mindre  folkeboksamlinger,"  by  Martha  Lar- 
sen;  "Wergelands-draumar,"  by  Rasmus 
Stauri;  and  "Agitation  for  biblioteket,"  by 
Arne  Kildal. 

Maandblad  voor  Bibliotheekwezen,  April  20, 
contains  an  article  on  "Bibliotheek  nomencla- 
tur,"  and  "Reorganisatie  van  het  Zweedsche 
openbare  bibliotheekwezen,"  by  A.  L.  Ver- 
schoor. 

Zentralblatt  fur  Bibliothekwesen,  April,  con- 
tains "Der  Probedruck  des  preussischen  Ge- 
samtkatalogs,"  by  R.  Fick,  and  a  "Verbesserte 
Dezimaleinteilung,"  by  Dr.  Stefan  v.  Maday. 

SEPARATE   ARTICLES 
BOOK  PESTS. 

Book  pests  and  book  and  print  restoration. 
Thomas  W.  Huck.  Lib.  Ass.  R.  Ap,  15,  '13. 
p.  165-177. 

Book  pests  include  readers  as  well  as  dust, 
dampness,  bacilli,  and  insects.  Mr.  Huck  gives 
a  description  of  book-ills  and  prescribes  rem- 
edies, ether  for  oil  stains,  white  soap  jelly  for 
fingermarks,  birch  bark  oil  to  protect  bindings 
from  damp,  Sanitas  Okol  to  exterminate  the 
anobia,  the  real  book-worm,  etc.  Chrome 
tanned  leather  is  said  to  be  the  least  suscep- 
tible to  dampness,  heat,  and  insects.  Bleaches 
to  be  used  on  stains  are  apt  to  injure  the  paper 
or  ink,  so  that  it  is  better  not  to  experiment 
on  valuable  books.  There  is  a  transparent 
vellum,  called  vellucent,  invented  by  Mr. 
Olivers,  which  may  be  used  as  a  protective 
cover  for  rare  bindings.  The  best  preventive 
against  insect  pests  is  scrupulous  cleanliness. 

JUVENILE  READING. 

Reading  for  our  boys  and  girls.  Chas.  W. 
Gill.  Chautauquan  A.,  '13,  70:193-199. 

The  author  states  that,  admitting  that  the 
supply  of  good  juvenile  books  ought  to  be 
greater,  nevertheless  the  solution  of  the  pres- 
ent problem  lies  in  the  seeing  to  it  that  use 
is  made  of  the  best  books  we  already  have. 

THE   LIBRARIAN   AND   PUBLIC  TASTE. 

The  librarian  and  public  taste.  Edwin  L. 
Shuman.  Pub.  Lib.,  May,  '13. 

"Suppose  you  are  in  charge  of  a  public  li- 
brary; what  are  you  going  to  do  with  those 
hundreds  of  patrons  who  not  only  don't  know 
good  books  from  bad,  but  who  in  many  cases 
vigorously  prefer  trash?"  Mr.  Shuman  con- 
siders the  librarian  justified  in  barring  out 
four  classes  of  books,  those  too  worthless  in 
substance  to  deserve  shelf  room;  those  of 
purely  technical  knowledge,  unless  in  line  with 
the  public's  special  demand;  ill- written  or 
crank  books ;  and  immoral  books.  The  author 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


373 


describes  an  immoral  book  as  one  "with  a 
spiritual  influence  that  will  reduce  the  reader's 
real  happiness  or  usefulness  in  the  world,  or 
that  will  make  him  in  any  way  a  detriment  to 
the  community  in  which  he  lives."  He  would 
bar  out  New  York  society  novels  of  the  Rob- 
ert W.  Chambers  stamp  and  possibly  immoral 
realistic  novels  like  Theodore  Dreiser's  "Sister 
Carrie,"  "Jennie  Gerhardt"  and  "The  finan- 
cier," because  "people  who  are  sophisticated 
enough  to  appreciate  these  probably  can  afford 
to  buy  the  books  for  themselves."  The  library, 
however,  can  be  injured  by  narrowness;  "moral 
standards,  like  most  other  things  in  this  world, 
are  improved  by  a  liberal  allowance  of  com- 
mon sense." 

MODERN  LIBRARY  BOOKBINDING. 

Modern  library  bookbinding.  By  Henry  T. 
Coutts.  Lib.  Asst.,  M.,  '13. 

A  discussion  of  leathers,  paper,  sewing,  and 
the  other  factors  that  enter  into  the  production 
of  a  durable  binding  for  library  books.  Men- 
tions publishers  who  are  specializing  in  rein- 
forced library  bindings. 

NEWSPAPER  LIBRARIES. 

Newspaper  library  manual.  By  G.  V.  Lind- 
ner, librarian  New  York  Herald,  New  York, 
1912.  42  p. 

This  pamphlet  gives  a  brief,  but  complete, 
outline  of  the  purpose  and  methods  of  a 
newspaper  library.  Mr.  Lindner's  aim  is 
speedy  service  and  comprehensive  informa- 
tion. He  suggests  a  list  of  general  reference 
books,  simple  methods  of  cataloging  under 
subjects,  using  popular  headings,  directions 
for  indexing  the  newspaper,  and  for  record- 
ing inquiries  and  loans. 

RESERVATIONS. 

The  bespoken  file.  Henry  Dixon.  Lib. 
World,  A.,  '13,  p.  316-317. 

Description  of  a  simple  method  of  reserv- 
ing books  for  borrowers. 

SCHOOL  LIBRARIES. 

Elementary  library  rules  for  school  libraries. 
By  Ida  J.  Dacus  and  Mary  E.  Martin.  Win- 
throp  Normal  and  Ind.  Coll.  B.,  D.,  '12. 

"This  bulletin  has  been  prepared  with  the 
hope  that  it  may  serve  as  a  guide  to  the 
many  teachers  in  the  state  who  have  under 
their  supervision  the  management  of  a  school 
library,  and  also  for  use  as  a  text-book  in 
the  course  in  elementary  library  methods 
given  to  the  seniors  who  are  preparing  them- 
selves to  become  teachers."  It  contains  very 
brief  articles  on.  book  selection,  reference 
books,  book  buying,  classification,  cataloging 
and  charging  system,  with  an  outline  of  the 
D.  C,  sample  pages  of  accession  book,  sample 
catalog  cards,  etc. 

SMALL  LIBRARIES. 

A  consideration  of  the  opportunities  of  the 
minor  public  libraries.  G.  E.  Roebuck.  Lib. 
Assoc.  R.,  M.  15,  '13,  p.  110-121. 


The  recent  parliamentary  return  relating  to 
public  libraries  in  Great  Britain  records  the 
amount  of  rate-support  meted  out  to  public 
libraries  in  general.  Of  the  540  distinct  sys- 
tems tabulated  in  these  pages,  56  (10  per 
cent.)  exist  on  incomes  of  less  than  £50  per 
annum,  117  are  limited  to  £100  a  year  and 
less,  189  to  £200,  245  to  £300,  285  to  £400,  and 
302  (56  per  cent.)  fail  to  scrape  in  £500. 
'  'Yes,'  you  will  say,  'but  most  of  these  are 
places  of  next  to  no  importance — you  are 
picking  the  worst  cases.'  In  answer,  I  can 
only  repeat  that  60  per  cent,  of  our  national 
establishment  is  operated  at  figures  under 
£500  a  year.  .  .  Here  we  have  over  300  library 
systems  with  an  average  income  of  £174  per 
annum,  and  average  stocks  of  5107,  issuing  on 
an  average  20,146  volumes  each  in  1911."  This 
sounds  like  a  capital  achievement,  but  one 
must  remember  that  it  means  over  300  differ- 
ing attempts,  and  that  most  of  its  work  must 
be  purely  recreative — their  stocks  comprising 
largely  donations !  In  such  places,  the  move- 
ment is  yet  in  its  infancy;  there  is  time  to 
reorganize  by  the  amalgamation  of  these 
minor  systems  into  a  series  of  groups,  pooling 
the  paltry  incomes  and  working  the  whole 
from  one  central  management.  Each  local 
body  could  exist  as  at  present  and  send  a 
representative  to  the  central  committee  of 
management,  which  would  be,  to  a  great  ex- 
tent an  advisory  board.  None  of  the  present 
systems  need  have  any  variation  in  their  in- 
come or  expenditure  (except,  perhaps,  some 
small  contribution  towards  the  central  board's 
needs)  ;  but  what  they  each  spent  and  did 
would  be  with  the  feeling  that  it  was  not 
waste  of  cash  or  energy. 

TECHNICAL;  LITERATURE. 

Methods  of  increasing  the  use  of  technical 
literature.  Louise  B.  Krause.  Eng.  Rec.,  67: 
544-545- 

This  article  by  the  librarian  of  the  H.  M. 
Byllesby  Company,  of  Chicago,  while  written 
more  particularly  for  the  Engineering  Society 
Library,  is  of  no  less  value  to  the  larger  pub- 
lic libraries  which  have  on  their  shelves  a  con- 
siderable number  of  engineering  books  and 
periodicals. 

Miss  Krause  calls  attention  first  of  all  to  the 
signal  failures  that  engineering  societies  and 
engineering  magazines  have  made  by  their  lack 
of  indexing  technical  literature.  These  libra- 
ries, as  well  as  the  public  libraries,  need  not 
only  adequate  indexes  continued  up  to  date 
and  cumulated  for  the  benefit  of  the  business 
and  professional  men,  but  also  need  good 
methods  for  bringing  information  to  the  gen- 
eral and  practical  service  of  the  busy  engineer. 

USEFULNESS  OF  LIBRARIES. 

The  public  library  an  investment — not  an 
expense.  George  F.  Bowerman.  Pub.  Libs., 
M.,  '13,  p.  182-186. 

Advising  the  immediate  establishment  of  a 
free  public  library  in  every  city.  A  new  classi- 
fication of  public  outlays  might  include:  (i) 


374 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


necessary  expenses,  and  (2)  investments  ;  the 
former  being  expenditure  for  jails,  prisons, 
hospitals,  police,  etc.;  the  latter,  street  im- 
provements, sewers,  water  works,  public 
schools,  public  library,  parks,  and  play-grounds. 
Describes  the  close  connection  between  the 
work  of  schools  and  library,  and  the  benefit 
to  business  interest  of  the  library's  industrial 
department. 

WHAT  THE  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  DOES  FOR  us. 

What  the  public  library  does  for  us.  Orville 
C.  Pratt.  Lib.  Occurrent,  Mr.,  '13,  p.  104-106. 

The  public  library,  as  the  chief  educative  in- 
fluence of  adult  life,  should  begin  its  work  by 
teaching  school  children  the  "main  trails  in 
library  land." 

"By  way  of  summary,  the  public  library,  po- 
tentially at  least,  does  these  things  for  us: 
(i)  by  teaching  pupils  how  to  use  books  as 
tools,  it  makes  it  possible  for  them  in  their 
after-school  life  to  take  the  shortest  cut  to  the 
information  they  desire.  .  .  .  (2)  by  issuing  a 
special  teacher's  card,  it  enables  the  teacher  to 
take  full  advantage  of  the  resources  of  the 
library  in  his  class  room  work;  (3)  by  main- 
taining a  pedagogical  shelf,  it  encourages  the 
teacher  to  keep  abreast  of  educational  advance  ; 
(4)  by  personal  conferences  with  teachers,  it 
comes  directly  in  touch  with  the  daily  work 
of  pupils;  (5)  by  placing  needed  materials  in 
a  branch  library  at  the  high  school  building, 
it  insures  that  such  materials  will  be  freely 
used;  (6)  by  personal  contact  with  the  indi- 
vidual pupil,  it  leads  him  to  read  and  to  love 
good  books.  When  this  is  done,  if  perchance 
his  formal  education  ends  with  the  high  school, 
we  may  confidently  expect  in  these  days  of 
lengthening  leisure  that  he  will  spend  much 
time  at  the  library,  educating  himself  infor- 
mally and  indefinitely  in  what  Ruskin  calls 
"the  companion-ship  of  kings." 

IRotes  anfr  TRews 


TWENTY  BOOKS.—  The  Springfield  City 
Library  is  asking  its  readers  to  select  a  list  of 
twenty  books,  published  within  the  last  twenty 
years,  best  suited  for  purchase  by  a  private 
library.  Fiction  is  limited  to  four  titles,  and 
reference  and  technical  books  are  not  under 
consideration.  Results  will  no  doubt  be  inter- 
esting. 

_  MOTORCYCLE  DELIVERY  IN  Los  ANGELES.  —  In 
giving  the  public  "what  it  wants  when  it  wants 
it,"  the  Los  Angeles  Library  has  found  a  new 
use  for  the  motorcycle.  Weekly  deliveries  by 
horse  and  wagon  no  longer  satisfy  the  patrons 
of  the  nine  branch  libraries,  so  now  the  books 
maybe  delivered  by  motorcycle  to  each  branch 
three  times  a  week. 

NEW  EDITION  OF  D.  C.—  If  those  having  edi- 
tion 7  of  the  Decimal  classification,  which  they 
will  sell  at  half  price  or  exchange  for  edition 
8,  published  June  i,  will  notify  the  publishers, 


the  Forest  Press,  Lake  Placid  Club,  N.  Y., 
of  the  number  of  copies  and  binding,  the  press 
will  try  to  find  buyers  to  whom  they  may  be 
mailed  direct.  So  far  as  such  applications  are 
received  Forest  Press  will  try  to  bring  about 
this  exchange  without  the  cost  of  double  mail- 
ing or  express,  by  having  the  old  edition  mailed 
direct  from  the  present  owner  to  the  buyer. 

TRAVELING  LIBRARIES. — North  Carolina  ap- 
propriated recently  $1500  for  traveling  libraries. 

STORYTELLING. — A  new  periodical,  The  Story- 
tellers' Magazine,  is  announced,  the  first  issue 
to  appear  in  May.  The  editorial  management 
is  to  be  in  the  hands  of  Richard  T.  Wyche, 
president  of  the  National  Story  Tellers' 
League  of  America.  The  magazine  is  to  pub- 
lish articles  relating  to  the  art  of  story  telling,, 
the  stories  themselves  and  correspondence  for 
the  exchange  of  ideas  on  the  subject. 

CONGRES  MONDIAL  DES  ASSOCIATIONS  INTERNA- 
TIONALES.— The  world  congress  of  interna- 
tional associations  will  meet  at  Gaud-Brux- 
elles,  June  15-18,  1913.  132  associations  took 
part  in  the  first  congress,  held  in  Brussels  in 
1910,  and  quite  as  many  are  expected  to  reg- 
ister this  year.  The  second  volume  of  the 
Annuaire  de  la  Vie  Internationale,  published 
by  the  central  office  of  the  union,  will  contain 
detailed  articles  on  each  of  the  510  existing 
international  societies. 

LIBRARY  TRANSFERS. — The  president  of  the 
directors  of  the  Waco  (Tex.)  Public  Library 
has  originated  the  suggestion  that  the  street 
car  company  should  issue  "library  transfers," 
a  sort  of  stop-over,  allowing  passengers  to  get 
off  and  secure  a  book,  then  continue  their  jour- 
ney without  paying  a  second  fare. 

NASHVILLE  COLORED  LIBRARY.— The  negro 
Board  of  Trade  has  raised  the  $1000  fund 
necessary  for  the  purchase  of  a  branch  li- 
brary site. 

LITERATURE  FOR  CHILDREN. — A  course  of  this 
name  is  announced  by  the  Correspondence- 
Study  Department  of  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago. It  is  intended  to  aid  the  parent,  teacher, 
librarian,  settlement-worker,  and  writer  for 
children.  It  "aims  to  give  a  survey  of  the  field 
of  literature  for  children;  to  get  at  the  prin- 
ciples underlying  the  selection  of  such  litera- 
ture; to  deal  concretely  and  practically  with 
certain  problems  of  selection.  It  attempts  to 
organize  and  to  give  new  meaning  to  the  mass 
of  literature  already  used  by  the  student  as  well 
as  to  direct  his  study  along  new  lines.  The  course 
starts  with  the  child — the  reader  of  the  book — 
gives  an  idea  of  what  he  really  is  as  a  unique 
being,  of  the  adolescent  with  his  'reading 
crazes/  and  of  factors  such  as  home,  school, 
library,  Sunday  school,  clubs,  moving-picture 
shows  which  help  to  form  his  interests  and  to 
direct  his  activities.  Then  follow  the  few  es- 
sentials of  the  psychology  and  the  hygiene  of 
reading— just  how  the  act  of  reading  is  ac- 
complished and  what,  according  to  modern  in- 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


375 


vestigations,  are  the  best  conditions  for  it." 
The  history  and  development  of  children's  lit- 
erature is  outlined  and  a  discussion  given  of 
what  constitutes  good  or  poor  material. 

PICTURE  POSTAL  COLLECTION. — The  St.  Louis 
Public  Library  is  starting  a  collection  of  pic- 
ture postals  of  American  scenes,  and  invites 
an  exchange  of  postals  with  other  libraries. 

ANOTHER  COLORED  LIBRARY  IN  LOUISVILLE.— 
Louisville  long  enjoyed  the  reputation  of  hav- 
ing the  first  and  only  public  library  building 
exclusively  for  colored  citizens.  Now  that 
several  other  cities  have  followed  that  ex- 
ample, Louisville's  second  colored  library  puts 
her  in  the  lead  again.  The  Eastern  Colored 
Branch  Library  is  to  combine  social  center 
features  with  library  work,  and  contains  class- 
rooms, auditorium,  gymnasium,  etc.  The 
building  will  be  completed  in  August. 

PHYSICAL  EFFICIENCY.  —  At  the  Brooklyn 
Public  Library,  recently,  a  series  of  three  lec- 
tures on  physical  efficiency  was  given  before 
the  staff  by  Dr.  George  B.  Fisher,  secretary 
of  the  International  Y.  M.  C.  A.  This  action 
is  in  line  with  the  New  York  medical  report 
outlined  in  April,  and  the  shortening  of  hours 
in  both  Brooklyn  and  New  York,  but  sug- 
gests how  important  is  intelligent  cooperation 
on  the  part  of  assistants  themselves  in  the 
matter  of  all-around  efficiency. 

WINTER  VACATIONS. — "Two  vacation  periods 
will  be  allowed  annually,  without  loss  of  pay, 
one  of  three  weeks  during  the  summer,  the 
other  of  one  week  during  the  winter."  The 
Somerville  (Mass.)  Public  Library  finds  that 
this  provision  in  its  scheme  of  service  has  re- 
duced the  winter  cases  of  illness  below  what  is 
considered  normal.  A  simple  method,  this 
seems,  of  relieving  the  "long  pull"  and  "im- 
proving the  health  of  library  assistants." 

HACKLEY  ART  GALLERY. — An  attractive  illus- 
trated volume,  the  "Catalogue  of  the  inau- 
gural exhibition,"  has  been  published  by  the 
Hacldey  Gallery,  which  forms  the  art  depart- 
ment of  the  Hackley  Public  Library,  Muske- 
gon,  Michigan. 

A     SUMMER    READING    SCHEME. — In     Spokane, 

last  year,  on  the  Monday  after  school  closed 
for  the  summer,  the  children's  librarian  sent 
a  postcard  to  every  child  whose  card  had  been 
on  file  for  over  a  year.  "The  message  read  as 
follows:  'Have  you  been  in  the  library  this 
summer?  There  are  new  books  you  will  en- 
joy hot  afternoons.  If  you  are  going  camp- 
ing you  can  take  them  on  special  vacation 
privileges.  Your  card  is  waiting  for  you  in 
the  juvenile  department.'  About  45  per  cent, 
of  the  children,  important  and  smiling  over 
this  personal  attention,  responded  to  the  invi- 
tation." 

LIBRARY  COMMISSION  FOR  SOUTH  DAKOTA. — 
A  section  in  the  school  laws  recently  passed 


provides  for  free  libraries,  creates  a  state  li- 
brary commission,  and  prescribes  its  powers 
and  duties. 

BACON- SHAKESPEARE  OFFER; — Mr.  H.  L. 
Koopman,  of  the  Brown  University  Library, 
Providence,  R.  L,  announces  that  he  has  in 
his  hands  for  distribution  "a  few  copies  of 
that  brilliant  contribution  to  the  Baconian  side 
of  the  Bacon-Shakespeare  controversy,"  "Ham- 
let's note-book,"  by  William  Douglas  O'Con- 
nor. While  the  copies  last  he  will  send  one 
to  any  library  on  receipt  of  five  cents  to  cover 
postage. 

LIBRARY  GIFT  TO  JAPAN. — In  a  recent  fire, 
which  wiped  out  a  square  mile  of  the  city, 
leaving  car  tracks^  only  to  mark  the  streets, 
the  Tokyo  Statistical  Society  lost  its  valuable 
library,  the  result  of  thirty-three  years'  col- 
lecting. John  Hyde,  former  statistician  of  the 
Department  of  Agriculture,  has  just  presented 
to  the  society  3000  volumes  of  statistical  mate- 
rial to  form  the  basis  of  a  new  collection.  In 
accepting  the  gift,  Baron  Sakatani,  president 
of  the  society,  announced  that  the  library 
would  be  given  the  name  of  the  donor. 

MOVING-PICTURE  CENSORS.— A  resolution  has 
just  passed  the  city  council  of  Atlanta,  Ga., 
appointing  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Car- 
negie Library  censors  of  all  moving-picture 
and  vaudeville  shows.  All  films  are  to  be  ex- 
hibited to  the  Board  of  Censors,  and  all  vaude- 
ville acts  shown,  before  public  presentation  is 
permitted. 

LIBRARY  ATHLETICS. — An  unnecessary  bit  of 
pleasantry  on  the  part  of  the  manager  of  the 
Hotel  Kaaterskill,  announcing  quite  imagin- 
atively that  the  librarians  would  have  a  direc- 
tor of  physical  culture  who  would  put  the 
conference  through  its  paces  daily,  has  been 
widely  circulated  through  the  press,  and  caused 
not  a  little  annoyance  at  A.  L.  A.  headquar- 
ters, which  has  had  numerous  letters  of  in- 
quiry about  it.  There  is  nothing  to  say  ex- 
cept that  it  was  an  unwarranted  piece  of 
jocosity,  apparently  for  advertising  purposes. 

NAVY  LIBRARIES.— "A  landsman's  log,"  by 
Robert  W.  Neeser,  is  an  account  of  a  four- 
months'  stay  on  the  "Kansas,"  and  the  Dial 
gives  the  following  observation  as  typical  of 
the  interest  of  the  book: 

"An  early  conversation  with  the  navigator 
of  the  'Kansas'  left  the  author  bewildered  by 
the  variety  of  his  new  knowledge  and  unable 
to  retain  it  all.  'But  one  thing  that  I  d:>  re- 
member/ he  says,  'perhaps  because  it  was  the 
easiest  thing  to  comprehend,  was  that  part  of 
his  [the  navigator's]  special  duties  that  re- 
lated to  his  position  as  librarian  of  the  ship. 
And  then  I  found  out  what  a  splendid  collec- 
tion of  books,  works  on  geography,  history, 
professional  subjects,  travel,  fiction  and  gen- 
eral literature,  is  at  the  disposal  of  every 
officer  and  enlisted  man  on  board  Uncle  Sam's 


376 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


ships  wherever  they  may  be.  .  .  The  American 
navy  was  the  first  to  institute  the  custom,  and 
the  "first  ship's  library  was  placed  on  the  old 
ship-of-the-line  'Franklin*  in  the  early  twen- 
ties. Few  agencies  in  recent  years  have  done 
rrore  to  raise  the  tone  of  the  enlisted  men 
in  the  service,  to  improve  their  standards  of 
character  and  efficiency,  and  to  add  to  their 
contentment,  than  these  well-selected  libraries 
which  are  now  placed  on  board  our  ships. 
Scores  of  men  may  daily  be  seen,  scattered 
about  the  decks  during  the  idle  hours  that 
necessarily  do  occur  even  in  the  busy  life  of 
a  modern  man-of-war,  reading,  or  with  pencil 
and  paper  working  on  some  problem.' " 

CONSERVATORY  LIBRARY. — The  New  England 
Conservatory  of  Music,  Boston,  maintains  a 
collection  of  over  3000  volumes,  among  which 
are  the  Breitkopf  and  Hartel  complete  editions 
of  Bach,  Beethoven,  Handel,  Mozart,  Mendels- 
sohn, Palestrina,  etc.,  English  cathedral  music, 
manuscript  cantatas  of  the  old  Italian  masters, 
modern  orchestral  scores,  modern  operas  in 
pianoforte  score,  etc.  One  of  the  unique  pos- 
sessions is  the  original  manuscript  sketch  of 
Debussy's  "Pelleas  et  M,elisande,"  the  gift  of 
Mr.  Eben  D.  Jordan. 

The  library  contains  a  fine  collection  of 
biographies,  essays,  works  on  musical  history, 
harmony,  acoustics,  and  a  large  number  of 
reference  books,  beside  the  best  current  maga- 
zines. 

TRAVELING  LIBRARIES  UNDER  STATE  CONTROL. — 
In  accordance  with  recent  legislation  the  Ten- 
nessee Free  Library  Commission  relinquishes 
the  ownership  and  supervision  of  traveling 
libraries.  They  will  be  operated  henceforth 
as  the  Department  of  Traveling  Libraries  of 
the  State  Library  and  will  have  a  wider  cir- 
culation than  before,  going  to  communities, 
clubs,  library  associations,  and  individuals,  be- 
sides schools. 

SUFFRAGE  FIVE-FOOT  SHELF.— The  following 
fifteen  books  are  being  sent  out  by  the  Equal 
Franchise  Society  as  traveling  libraries  through 
the  state  of  New  York :  "Woman  and  labor," 
Olive  Schreiner;  "Woman's  share  in  social 
culture,"  Mrs.  Anna  Garlin  Spencer;  "The 
modern  woman's  rights  movement,"  Kaethe 
Schirmacher;  "Women  in  industry,"  Miss 
Edith  Abbott;  "Fatigue  and  efficiency,"  Jo- 
•  sephine  Goldmark ;  "The  subj  ection  of  women," 
J.  S.  Mill;  "Hygiene  and  morality,"  Lavinia 
Dock;  "Why  women  are  so,"  Mary  Roberts 
Coolidge;  "Woman  and  the  alphabet,"  Thomas 
W.  Higgmson;  Jane  Addams's  "The  newer 
ideals  of  peace,"  and  "A  new  conscience  and  an 
ancient  evil" ;  Charlotte  Perkins  Oilman's  "The 
home"  and  "Women  and  economics,"  and  two 
novels— Elizabeth  Robins's  "The  convert"  and 
"My  little  sister." 

EFFICIENCY  RECORDS  AGAIN. — In  an  article  in 
the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  for  March,  1913,  entitled 
"Efficiency  records  in  libraries,"  Mr.  Arthur 


E.  Bostwick,  librarian  of  the  St.  Louis  Public 
Library,  states  that  "no  complete  report  on 
personality  and  work  made  regularly  and  filed 
permanently"  has  as  yet  come  under  his  ob- 
servation, "although,  of  course,  it  may  exist." 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  such  a  permanent 
record  has  existed  in  the  Cleveland  Public 
Library  for  the  past  five  years  or  more.  It 
was  evolved  from  a  less  formal  written  re- 
port which  had  been  used  for  some  years 
previous,  and  it  has  proved,  in  the  words  of 
Mr.  Bostwick's  report  on  the  working  of  the 
similar  plan  in  the  St.  Louis  Library,  "both 
necessary  and  valuable." 

The  Cleveland  Public  Library  efficiency  rec- 
ord is  based  on  two  reports:  In  the  first,  or 
annual  "report  on  work  and  qualifications," 
one  sheet  is  devoted  to  each  regular  member 
of  the  staff.  This  sheet  is  headed  by  the  usual 
items  of  name,  library  title  of  the  assistant, 
duties,  length  of  time  present  assignment  has 
been  held  and  salary;  these  items  are  fol- 
lowed by  about  forty  queries  concerned  with 
character  and  disposition,  mental  and  physical 
qualifications,  manner  of  performing  work, 
relations  with  the  public  and  staff,  character- 
istics favorably  or  unfavorably  affecting  work, 
improvement,  assistant's  fitness  for  her  par- 
ticular line  of  work,  and  comparison  with 
other  assistants  doing  the  same  grade  of  work 
and  receiving  the  same  salary.  Most  of  the 
questions  are  so  worded  that  they  can  usually 
be  answered  by  yes  or  no,  or  with  other  brief 
reply  requiring  little  writing.  The  sheet  closes 
with  a  space  for  "further  remarks"  and  rec- 
ommendations as  to  salary  for  another  year, 
and  is  signed  by  the  head  of  the  department 
or  branch. 

In  the  second  report,  made  quarterly,  the 
branch  librarian  or  department  head  grades 
the  work  of  all  her  regular  assistants  and 
pages  on  one  or  two  sheets  and  under 
the  following  heads:  promptness,  regularity, 
amount  of  work  accomplished,  and  improve- 
ment; these  items  followed  by  a  space  for 
"remarks,"  designating  especially  commend- 
able or  especially  poor  work,  and  mentioning 
any  palliating  circumstances  affecting  the  lat- 
ter. The  grading  is  indicated  by  the  following 
letters :  e,  excellent ;  g,  good ;  f ,  fair ;  p,  poor ; 
b,  bad.  It  is  so  planned  that  it  takes  the  de- 
partment head  but  a  few  moments  to  make 
out  the  report  on  his  or  her  entire  staff;  yet 
the  information  given  is  considerable  and  im- 
portant. 

The  executives  of  the  Cleveland  Public  Li- 
brary have  found  these  records  valuable  not 
only  in  determining  fitness  for  promotion  and 
salaiy  increase,  but  particularly  as  an  aid  to 
judgment  in  fitting  the  "square  peg  to  the 
square  hole."  In  other  words,  this  charting 
of  the  good  and  bad  points  in  each  assistant's 
character  nearly  always  results  in^a  final  plac- 
ing where  her  unfavorable  qualities  are  com- 
paratively harmless,  and  where  her  favorable 
qualifications  are  needed  and  can  be  utilized 
to  the  limit. 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


377 


BOOKS    TO   LIGHTSHIPS    AND    HOSPITALS. — The 

Hospital  Book  and  Newspaper  Society,  of 
New  York,  a  branch  of  the  State  Charities 
Aid  Association,  reports  a  circulation  of  1735 
books,  10,646  magazines  and  190,054  newspa- 
pers sent  to  hospitals,  prisons,  out-of-the-way 
libraries  and  schools. 

HOUSTON  COLORED  LIBRARY. — Fully  a  thou- 
sand persons  were  present  at  the  dedication, 
April  n,  of  the  colored  Carnegie  Library. 
The  negroes  of  Houston  paid  for  the  site  on 
which  the  attractive  two-story  brick  structure 
stands,  and  the  city  government  has  appro- 
priated $1500  a  year  for  maintenance.  The 
architect  is  a  negro,  W.  Sidney  Pitman,  son- 
in-law  of  Booker  T.  Washington.  Addresses 
by  P.  W.  Horn,  superintendent  of  the  Hous- 
ton city  schools;  Miss  Julia  Ideson,  librarian 
of  the  white  Carnegie  Library;  and  L.  C.  An- 
derson, superintendent  of  the  colored  schools 
of  Austin,  emphasized  the  educational  value 
of  the  library,  the  hope  that  it  would  be  freely 
used,  and  the  importance  of  such  an  institu- 
tion for  happiness,  loyalty  and  broader  patriot- 
ism among  30,000  Afro-American  citizens. 

Charleston,  N.  C.,  is  to  have  a  $50,000  li- 
brary building,  with  a  capacity  of  65,000  vol- 
umes. It  is  to  be  Italian  Renaissance,  two 
stories  and  a  half  in  height,  and  to  be  finished 
in  white  terra  cotta  and  marble. 

Evansville,  Ind.  A  Carnegie  library  for  the 
colored  people  of  the  city  is  assured  by  Mr. 
Carnegie's  promise  of  $10,000.  It  is  hoped 
that  about  $2000  can  be  raised  for  the  pur- 
chase of  a  site.  The  library  board  has  agreed 
to  pay  $1000  a  year  for  maintenance. 

Nobleville,  Ind.,  dedicated  its  new  Carnegie 
library  May  8.  The  building  is  of  brick, 
stone  and  marble,  and  has  a  capacity  of 
80,000  volumes. 

Proctor,  Vt.  The  new  library  building, 
given  by  Mrs.  Redfield  Proctor,  was  opened 
May  10.  The  dedication  included  an  address 
by  the  Rev.  C.  H.  Smith,  of  Burlington,  a  re- 
ception to  out-of-town  visitors,  and  a  visit 
from  the  school  children  of  Proctor. 

Reading,  Pa.  The  Carnegie  library  was  ded- 
icated May  15.  Richard  L.  Jones,  of  the 
Reading  Library  Association,  E.  A.  Howell, 
librarian;  Mayor  I.  W.  Stratton,  and  John 
Thomson,  of  the  Free  Library  of  Philadelphia, 
were  among  the  principal  speakers. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.  By  decision  of  the 
heirs  of  the  Sutro  estate,  the  state  library  re- 
ceives the  Adolph  Sutro  collection  of  125,000 
volumes,  worth  about  $1,000,000.  The  Assem- 
bly has  passed  a  bill  appropriating  $70,000  for 
a  building  and  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
library. 

Selma,  Cal  The  Selma  Carnegie  Library 
is  to  become  a  branch  of  the  county  system. 
The  larger  part  of  its  users  come  from  the 
country,  so  have  not  contributed  to  the  sup- 


port of  the  library.  Under  the  new  arrange- 
ment the  country  people  will  share  the  ex- 
penses and  a  larger  income  will  be  available. 

The  University  of  Chicago  has  just  added 
to  the  resources  of  the  Harper  Memorial  Li- 
brary the  Durrett  collection  of  Louisville, 
Kentucky.  This  well-known  collection  of  ma- 
terial treats,  in  the  main,  of  Southern  and 
early  Western  history.  It  was  brought  to- 
gether by  Colonel  Reuben  T.  Durrett  during 
the  period  from  1856  to  the  present  time,  and 
it  contains  some  exceedingly  important  manu- 
scripts, newspaper  files  and  books.  The  books, 
like  the  manuscripts  and  newspapers,  treat 
mainly  of  Virginia,  Kentucky,  Maryland,  and 
the  Ohio  valley.  On  Kentucky  Colonel  Dur- 
rett had  gathered,  it  is  thought,  every  item 
known  to  be  in  print  and  a  great  deal  that 
was  in  manuscript,  so  that  the  university  now 
has  the  best  library  of  Kentucky  in  existence. 
On  general  American  and  European  history 
there  are  many  books  and  periodicals  of  im- 
portance; and  on  religious,  educational  and 
social  problems,  and  economic  questions,  such 
as  slavery,  tariff  and  internal  improvements, 
there  are  pamphlets,  rejports,  and  public  docu- 
ments. 


ANDERSON,  Edwin  H.,  has  been  unanimously 
elected  director  of  the  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary, to  succeed  the  late  Dr.  John  S.  Billings. 
Mr.  Anderson  has  been  assistant  director  since 
June  i.  1908. 

ARNOLD,  John  Himes,  has  resigned  his  posi- 
tion as  librarian  of  the  Harvard  Law  School 
after  a  service  of  forty-one  years.  During  his 
term  the  library  has  grown  from  15,000  to 
over  150,000  volumes,  and  has  become  the  first 
law  library  in  the  country. 

AYER,  Clarence  Walter,  librarian  of  the 
Cambridge  Public  Library  since  1904,  died 
April  12  at  Cambridge,  Mass.  Mr.  Ayer,  who 
was  fifty-one  years  old,  was  for  a  time  pro- 
fessor of  English  at  Wittenberg  College, 
Springfield,  O.,  later  being  connected  with 
Western  Reserve  University.  He  was  well 
known  for  his  classification  work  at  the  Con- 
gressional Library  and  the  New  York  Public 
Library. 

BRUMBAUGH,  Ethel,  for  ten  years  librarian 
of  the  Frankfort  (Ind.)  Public  Library,  was 
married  recently  to  Charles  E.  Cooper,  of 
Lafayette. 

BYERS,  Mrs.  Frances,  of  the  Moody  Biblical 
Institute  Library,  has  been  elected  librarian  of 
the  East  Chicago  (Ind.)  Public  Library. 

DIGGS,  Mary  Jane,  has  been  appointed  libra- 
rian of  the  Winchester^  (Ind.)  Public  Library. 

DUNBAR,  Margaret,  librarian  of  the  West- 
ern Illinois  Normal  School,  Macomb,  111.,  has 


378 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


resigned  her  position,  to  accept  a  similar  place 
in  the  Ohio  Normal  School  at  Kent,  O. 

EVANS,  Adelaide  R,  Pratt,  '02,  now  acting 
head  cataloger  of  the  Public  Library  of  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  has  accepted  the  position  of  head 
cataloger  of  the  Newark  Public  Library,  be- 
ginning work  the  middle  of  August. 

GETMAN,  Mabel,  librarian  of  the  Glovers- 
ville  (N.  Y.)  Free  Library,  has  resigned,  in 
view  of  her  approaching  marriage. 

GIBBS,  Laura,  head  cataloger  in  the  Brown 
University  Library,  has  been  appointed  reviser 
in  the  catalog  department  of  the  Columbia 
University  Library. 

RAINES,  Mabel  R.,  has  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  librarian  at  the  Summit  (N.  J.)  Pub- 
lic Library. 

HARDING,  W.  B.,  has  resigned  as  librarian  of 
the  Southwick  (Mass.)  Public  Library. 

KELLER,  H.  R.,  reviser  in  the  catalog  de- 
partment, Columbia  University  Library,  has 
been  appointed  departmental  librarian  of  the 
School  of  Journalism. 

LANDES,  M.  W.,  assistant  in  the  order  de- 
partment of  the  Columbia  University  Library, 
has  received  the  Susan  M.  Hallowell  fellow- 
ship at  Wellesley  for  1913-14. 

LUNT,  Georgianna,  has  been  chosen  first 
assistant  at  the  Auburn  (Me.)  Public  Library. 

REA,  Robert,  who  for  the  past  year  has  been 
acting  city  librarian  at  San  Francisco,  has 
been  appointed  city  librarian. 

ROBBINS,  Mary  Esther,  who  has  had  charge 
-of  Simmons  College  Library  School  and  library 
since  the  opening  of  the  college  in  1902,  fin- 
ishes her  work  there  with  the  close  of  the 
academic  year.  Miss  Robbins  will  have  a  free 
year  before  taking  another  library  position. 
After  July  I  her  address  will  be  Lakeville, 
Conn. 

ROBERTS,  Flora  B.,  Drexel,  '99,  has  resigned 
as  librarian  of  the  Superior  (Wis.)  Public  Li- 
brary, to  become  librarian  of  the  Pottsville 
(Pa.)  Public  Library. 

ROSELL,  Ida,  of  New  York,  has  been  ap- 
pointed as  cataloger  in  the  Redwood  Library, 
Newport,  R.  I. 

ROTH,  Lena,  has  been  appointed  assistant 
librarian  pf  the  Rochester  (Ind.)  Public  Li- 
brary. 

SOLYOM,  Louis  C,  since  1867  a  cataloger  in 
the  Library  of  Congress,  died  April  28.  He 
was  a  Hungarian  by  birth,  and  saw  in  his 
youth  many  stirring  events.  He  served  in  the 
Austrian  army  during  the  Austrian-French 
war  of  1859,  taking  part  in  the  battle  of  Sol- 
ferino.  As  soon  as  the  Civil  War  broke  out 
he  embarked  for  this  country,  joined  the 
Union  army,  and  served  all  during  the  war. 


His  distinguished  linguistic  ability  caused  Mr. 
Spofford  to  offer  him  a  position  in  the  catalog 
division  of  the  Library  of  Congress,  where  he 
had  charge  of  the  (old)  classification  of  the 
Oriental  department,  and  in  the  very  last 
years  cataloged  the  Hungarian  collection.  Not- 
withstanding his  liking  for  a  soldier's  life, 
Mr.  Solyom's  kind-heartedness  was  one  of  his 
chief  characteristics.  F.  N. 

SPECK,  Celeste,  of  New  York,  formerly  a 
clerk  in  the  catalog  department  of  the  St. 
Louis  Public  Library,  has  been  appointed  li- 
brarian of  the  Missouri  Historical  Society. 

STEFANSSON,  Steingrimur,  chief  reviser  in 
the  cataloging  department  of  the  Library  of 
Congress,  died  May  4.  He  was  born  50  years 
ago  in  Iceland,  visited  the  gymnasium  in  Rey- 
kjavik and  studied  in  the  University  of  Copen- 
hagen. While  mathematics  and  philosophy 
were  his  special  studies,  his  versatile  mind  and 
exceptional  ability  did  not  know  any  bounds 
in  his  thirst  for  learning  and  made  him  at 
home  in  almost  every  branch  of  knowledge. 
He  came  to  this  country  about  1890,  settled  in 
Chicago,  and  obtained  a  position  with  Dr. 
Poole  in  the  Newberry  Library.  Here  he  met 
Mr.  J.  C.  M.  Hanson,  who  afterwards  secured 
his  services  for  the  Library  of  Congress.  He 
was  of  the  greatest  assistance  to  Mr.  Hanson 
in  the  reorganization  of  the  national  library. 
A  born  critic,  he  was,  on  the  other  hand,  so 
kindhearted  and  amiable  that  one  never  heard 
a  harsh  word  from  him.  His  usefulness  was 
not  limited  to  his  department  alone,  for  he 
was  consulted  all  over  the  library  and  by  many 
in-  and  out-of-town  readers.  To  all  of  them  he 
gave,  with  the  greatest  modesty  and  without 
restriction  of  time,  his  advice  and  knowledge. 
When  Voltaire  died  it  was  said  of  him,  that 
he  was  not  an  encyclopedist,  but  an  encyclo- 
pedia itself;  of  Mr.  Stefansson  it  might  be 
said,  that  he  was  not  a  librarian,  but  a  library. 

F.  N. 

STONE,  Mrs.  C.  G.,  has  been  elected  libra- 
rian of  the  Free  Public  Library,  Southwick, 
Mass. 

WILHOIT,  Edna,  has  been  appointed  librarian 
of  the  new  library  at  Akron,  Ind. 

$ifts  anfc  Bequests 

Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  Mrs.  F.  F.  Thompson 
contributed  $10,000,  Rev.  A.  H.  Strong  $100, 
toward  the  fund  of  $36,000  being  raised  for 
the  erection  of  a  home  for  the  Ontario  County 
Historical  Society  and  the  Wood  Library  As- 
sociation. 

Columbia  University  Library,  New  York.  A 
part  of  the  library  of  Edward  W.  S.  John- 
ston, Law  1888,  800  volumes,  has  been  pre- 
sented by  his  widow  to  constitute  the  first  of 
a  number  of  hall  libraries.  This  collection 
will  be  placed  in  Livingston  Hall. 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


379 


Franklinville,  N.  Y.  The  Library  Associa- 
tion has  received  $1250  from  Hon.  Henry  F. 
Blount,  making  $3750  of  the  $5000  which  Mr. 
Blount  promises  towards  the  erection  of  the 
library. 

Gloversville,  N.  Y.  By  the  will  of  Dr.  John 
Edwards,  the  Free  Library  receives  his  med- 
ical library. 

Hanover,  Mass.  By  the  will  of  Alice  Marian 
Curtis  the  town  receives  $15,000  as  a  fund  for 
the  purchase  of  books  for  the  John  Curtis 
Free  Public  Library. 

Minneapolis,  Minn.  Andrew  Carnegie's  gift 
of  $250,000  for  four  branch  libraries  becomes 
available  by  the  city's  appropriation  of  $50,000. 

Mississippi,  University  of.  Mrs.  Leroy  B. 
Valliant  has  requested  the  university  to  be- 
come the  custodian  of  the  law  library  of  the 
late  Leroy  B.  Valliant,  chief  justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Missouri. 

Philadelphia  Institute  Free  Library.  The 
will  of  Dr.  Louis  A.  Duhring,  professor  emer- 
itus of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  gives 
the  Institute  library  his  general  library  and 
$3000. 

Phillips  University,  Enid,  Okla.  The  new 
$25,000  library  now  in  process  is  a  memorial 
to  T.  W.  Phillips,  given  by  his  wife. 

Pittsburgh,  Pa.  Andrew  Carnegie  has  given 
$150,000  for  an  addition  to  the  Northside  Car- 
negie Library,  the  first  which  he  erected  in  the 
United  States. 

Utica,  N.  Y.  The  public  library  receives 
$5020.85  from  the  estate  of  the  late  A.  J. 
Upson,  chancellor  of  the  University  of  the 
State  of  New  York. 

West  Caldwell,  N.  J.,  receives  a  bequest  of 
land  and  about  $5000  for  a  library  building 
from  the  late  Mrs.  Julia  H.  Potwin,  of  Cleve- 
land. 

OLtbrarp  IReports 

American  Antiquarian  Society,  Worcester, 
Mass.  Clarence  S.  Brigham,  Ibn.  (Rpt. —  yr. 
ending  O.,  '12.)  Accessions  8804. 

The  process  of  assembling  and  rearranging 
the  collection  in  its  new  building  has  occupied 
much  of  the  year,  but  the  library  has  acquired 
notable  material — 1906  titles  in  the  collection 
of  early  American  imprints,  223  almanacs,  and 
valuable  files  of  early  newspapers,  22  American 
papers,  and  17  Spanish-American. 

Binghamton  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  W.  F.  Seward, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— 1912.)  Accessions  3243;  total 
30,215.  Circulation  171,994  (traveling  libraries 
10,321).  New  registration  3736;  total  15,345. 
Receipts  $11,630.09;  expenditures  $11,613.42. 

"Bulletin  boards  for  library  announcements 
have  been  placed  in  the  shops  and  factories. 


Notes  of  articles  in  the  technical  magazines  of 
special  interest  to  workmen  are  sent  monthly 
to  the  factories.  Sixty-seven  traveling  libra- 
ries were  sent  to  the  public  schools.  .  .  .  Mem- 
bers of  the  staff  have  given  history  talks,  and 
talks  on  how  to  use  a  library,  in  the  schools, 
and  have  spoken  before  teachers'  and  mothers' 
clubs."  Two  story  hours  were  conducted,  one, 
of  fairy  tales  and  legends,  for  younger  chil- 
dren, the  other,  of  hero  stories,  for  boys  over 
nine  years  of  age.  The  high  school  library 
course,  three  lessons  on  the  use  of  the  library, 
reached  about  one  hundred  and  sixty  pupils, 
while  the  talks  in  the  grade  schools  reached 
four  thousand  children. 

Boston  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Horace  G.  Wadlin, 
Ibn.  (Annual  rpt  — 1912-13.)  Accessions  35,- 
538;  total  1,049,011.  Gain  in  registration  3437; 
total  registration  92,594.  Circulation  1,744,878. 
Receipts  $403,123.43. 

The  report  of  the  trustees  was  summarized 
in  the  March  number  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 
The  librarian's  report  contains  a  list  of  note- 
worthy accessions,  rare  and  costly  books,  and 
collections,  such  as  works  on  old  German 
church  music,  17  works  by  or  relating  to  Ben- 
jamin Franklin,  10  rare  Spanish  works,  etc. 
In  the  children's  department,  Miss  Jordan 
notes  increased  use  of  the  reference  room  by 
teachers  throughout  the  city.  Since  last  May 
when  the  story  hour  was  started  in  the  system, 
the  central  library  has  had  31  hours  with  1294 
children  in  attendance.  The  increased  use  of 
Bates  Hall  during  the  past  year  has  been  partly 
due  to  the  moving  of  the  New  England  His- 
toric Genealogical  Society  and  the  disruption 
of  the  Harvard  University  Library.  At  least 
4217  students  of  various  grades  or  persons  in- 
terested in  special  subjects  of  research  at- 
tended class  meetings  or  conference  within 
the  library. 

The  branch  department  reports  growth  of 
the  work  with  schools ;  it  sent  them  6265  more 
volumes  than  last  year.  A  class  in  story-telling 
has  been  formed  for  employes  of  the  branches. 
The  story-hours  have  resulted  in  a  notable  in- 
crease in  the  circulation  of  children's  books 
and  an  improvement  in  the  class  of  books  used. 
One  branch  has  found  that  "children  of  foreign 
parentage  read  a  better  class  of  books  than 
their  American  brothers  and  sisters."  Another 
branch  reports  constant  requests  from  plumb- 
ers, electricians,  and  other  mechanics  for  help 
and  instruction. 

Braddock  (Pa.),  Carnegie  F.  L.    George  H.    ' 
Lamb,    Ibn.       (Rpt. — yr.    1912.)      Accessions 
8241 ;  total  61,340. 

Brockton  (Mass.)  P.  L.  F.  H.  Whitmore, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  to  Nov.  30,  1912.)  Accessions 
4083 ;  total  62,781.  Circulation  207,059.  Re- 
ceipts $16,000.14;  expenditures  $15,999.39. 

Among  the  gifts  of  the  year  were  about 
2000  mounted  photographs,  furnishing  mate- 
rial of  value  on  painting,  sculpture  and  archi- 
tecture. In  the  children's  rooms,  elementary 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


380 

books  have  been  largely  used  by  foreign-born 
children,  who  are  learning  English.  The 
quarterly  bulletin  has  published  reading  lists 
on  Charles  Dickens,  city  planning,  and  the 
presidential  campaign  of  1912.  On  May  15, 
the  corner-stone  of  the  new  building  was  laid, 
with  appropriate  ceremonies. 

Carlisle  (Pa.),  /.  Herman  B osier  Memorial 
Library.  William  Horner  Ames,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — 
yr.  1912.)  Accessions  331.  Circulation  21,963. 

College  of  Charleston  L.,  Charleston,  S.  C. 
Frances  Jervey,  Ibn.  Accessions,  1912,  285  v., 
1741  pam. ;  total,  about  19,000. 

Concord  (N.  H.)  P.  L.  Grace  Blanchard, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — 1912.)  Accessions  725;  total  31,- 
625.  Circulation  87,287.  New  registration  650. 

The  report  shows  a  decrease  in  circulation, 
partly  because  the  library  does  not  compete 
with  circulating  libraries  in  its  fiction-buying 
and  partly  because  an  increasing  number  of  en- 
tertainments, especially  moving-picture  shows, 
draw  people  away  from  the  library.  "Does  it 
not  go  against  the  grain  of  a  library  to  have  to 
keep  coaxing  people  into  it  ?"  says  the  librarian. 
"Should  one  have  to  burn  red  fire  or.  beat  a 
tambourine  in  front  of  its  reading  room,  which 
is  light,  warm,  supplied  with  sixty  periodicals 
and  located  on  a  central  street  corner  ?"  With- 
out any  such  strenuous  methods  of  advertis- 
ing, attractive  variations  have  been  adopted, 
such  as  the  alcove,  "where  seats  before  shelves 
containing  200  new  books  enable  persons  to 
browse  as  in  a  little  bookstore."  A  supplement 
to  the  fiction  catalog  has  been  issued.  The 
reference  room  reports  a  gain  of  more  than 
500  inquirers  and  a  wide  range  of  usefulness. 
"Inquiry  does  not  run  as  of  old  when  the  ma- 
jority of  subjects  looked  up  were  literary.  .  .  . 
A  library,  like  an  individual,  has  got  to  help 
people  in  their  way,  not  in  its  way;  it  must 
feel  no  touch  of  resentment  if  a  man  wants 
'Twentieth  century  socialism'  and  does  not 
want  George  Meredith's  'Letters.'  Enough  if 
it  has  made  provision  for  the  higher  education 
of  all  citizens." 

East  Orange  (N.  /.)  F.  P.  L.  Louise  G. 
Hinsdale,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  — 1912.)  Accessions 
3743;  total  39,001.  Circulation  216,035.  New 
registration  2539;  total  22,418.  Receipts  $26,- 
609.11;  expenditures  $25,506.03. 

The  opening  of  the  Elmwood  Branch  has  in- 
creased the  total  circulation,  notwithstanding 
a  six  per  cent,  decrease  at  the  main  library  and 
five  per  cent,  at  Franklin  Branch.  Use  of 
books  on  sociology  and  applied  science  has  in- 
creased fifteen  per  cent.  Story  hours  have 
been  introduced  in  both  branches.  Teachers 
and  students  have  made  increasing  use  of  the 
library. 

Two  simple  talks  on  the  resources  of  the 
library  were  given  to  eighth  grade  pupils.  "The 
first  talk  dealt  with  the  book  itself,  its  physical 
make-up  and  printing,  its  classification  and 
place  on  the  shelf.  Samples  of  books  in  three 


[June,  1913 


different  stages  of  binding  were  shown  and  the 
scholars  used  copies  of  their  text  books  con- 
taining good  examples  of  title  page,  tables  of 
contents,  etc.,  in  following  the  talk  on  the 
printed  part  of  a  book."  Charts  explaining 
the  classification  and  shelf  arrangement  of 
library  books  were  written  on  the  blackboard 
before  each  talk.  "The  second  talk  explained 
the  dictionary  catalog  and  its  use  in  finding  the 
books  on  the  shelves,  and  took  up  the  Refer- 
ence Department,  the  most  important  reference 
works  and  their  use,  the  use  of  periodical  in- 
dexes, books  for  debaters,  etc." 

Six  traveling  libraries  were  sent  out  for  the 
use  of  playground  supervisors,  as  well  as  the 
usual  collections  for  four  of  the  fire  depart- 
ment stations. 

Gary  (Ind.)  P.  L.  L.  J.  Bailey,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— 
1912.)  Accessions  5668;  total  22,559.  Regis- 
tration 6042.  Circulation  151,900.  Receipts 
$17,148.94;  expenditures  $16,447.06. 

This  four-year-old  library  has  the  second 
largest  circulation  in  Indiana.  It  maintains 
one  branch  library  and  school  and  fire  station 
collections.  In  the  children's  room  at  the  main 
library  there  is  a  permanent  exhibit  of  the  il- 
lustrated editions  of  favorite  children's  books, 
called  the  "Chimney  corner  library."  A  Teach- 
ers' room  contains  books  on  pedagogy,  educa- 
tional periodicals,  class  room  library  books, 
supplementary  reading  sets  and  the  mounted 
picture  files  and  stereograph  collection. 

Greenfield  (Mass.)  P.  L.  May  Ashley,  Ibn, 
(Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  2117;  total  27,117. 
New  registration  1420;  total  4181.  Circula- 
tion 70,525.  Receipts  $7476.98;  expenditures 

$7475.25. 

Grot  on  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Emma  F.  Blood,  Ibn, 
Accessions  207;  total  13,242.  Circulation  14,- 
476.  Receipts  $1792.42;  expenditures  $1688.56. 

Homestead  (Pa.)  Carnegie  L.  W.  F.  Ste- 
vens, Ibn.  (Rpt. — 1912.)  Accessions  3301 ; 
total  41,175.  Circulation  252,477.  Attendance 
118,218. 

This  report  shows  a  library  very  much  alive 
to  its  social  privileges,  a  library  with  billiard 
room,  gymnasium,  natatorium,  bowling  alleys, 
musical  organizations,  and  scientific  and  liter- 
ary classes.  "The  old  idea  of  a  library:  that 
it  was  a  mausoleum  of  books  has  changed  to 
a  broad  and  liberal  policy  regarding  its  use. 
If  the  evolution  in  the  policy  of  libraries  is 
approved  to-day,  why  should  it  be  thought  in- 
credible if  a  library  should  continue  to  evolve 
and  eventually  espouse  all  round  culture  rather 
than  the  single  intellectual  standard?  Any  li- 
brary that  becomes  a  successful  social  center 
must  adopt  the  form  of  human  service  as  em- 
bodied in  mentality,  vitality,  morality  and 
sociality. 

"But"  theory  can  only  formulate  a  policy; 
fact,  or  experience,  must  prove  it.  The  bring- 
ing, of  the  people  to  a  common  point  of  intel- 
lectual interest  is  emphasized  by  an  attendance 


June,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


381 


of  118,000;  80,000  of  which  is  adult  and  38,000 
juvenile.  This  attendance  is  responsible  for  a 
circulation  of  103,200  at  the  adult  and  juvenile 
desks,  which  does  not  include  an  unrecorded 
use  of  probably  60,000  in  the  reading  and  ref- 
erence room  where  the  high  school  students 
and  the  members  of  the  25  literary  and  study 
clubs  secure  the  material  for  their  stated  work. 
The  circulation  of  149,300  in  the  schools  and 
at  20  stations  has  a  very  marked  effect  of 
bringing  the  scholars  to  the  library.  This 
feature  of  concentration  of  interests  and  good 
will  may  be  only  estimated  from  the  fact  that 
12,000  readers  or  one-third  of  the  population 
of  Mifflin  Township  were  responsible  for  a 
circulation  of  252.477,  The  stereographic' 
views,  the  thousands  of  mounted  pictures,  the 
art  exhibits  and  the  numerous  exhibits  on  the 
bulletin  boards,  and  the  story  hour,  all  attract 
the  people  to  the  books  and  add  to  their  pleas- 
ure while  mingling  in  the  building." 

Kearny  (N.  J.)  P.  L.  M.  B.  Kilgour,  Ibn. 
(Rpt. — 1912.)  Accessions  1145;  total  9796. 
Circulation  57,032.  New  registration  471 ;  total 
4370.  Receipts  $3908.54 ;  expenditures  $3797-55- 

Lynn  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Harriet  L.  Matthews, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  3852;  total 
92,249.  New  registration  2102.  Circulation 
321,144. 

Because  of  financial  limitations,  the  re- 
sources for  juvenile  work  are  now  seriously 
taxed.  Revision  of  the  catalog  has  this  year 
been  practically  completed,  so  that  more  time 
will  be  available  for  back  work  on  the  older 
books.  Exhibitions  in  the  cases  included  such 
material  as  first  editions  of  Dickens,  pictures 
illustrating  Dickens  and  George  Eliot  charac- 
ters, Confederate  money,  insects  from  Central 
America,  etc.  Two  exhibits,  one  of  arts  and 
handicrafts  by  residents  of  foreign  birth,  the 
other,  the  annual  mid-summer  flower  show, 
were  held  under  the  Houghton  Society's  aus- 
pices. The  attendance  in  the  department  for 
the  blind  was  808. 

Mississippi  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Col- 
lege, Miss.,  General  L.  Whitman  Davis.  Ibn. 
(Rpt.  —  yr.  ending  A.  20,  '13.)  Accessions 
1816.  Circulation  10,034  vols.,  1926  periods., 
5T)535  unbound  periods,  listed. 

New  Bedford  (Mass.)  P.  L.  George  H. 
Tripp,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  10,- 
904;  total  152,108.  New  registration  5055. 
Circulation  344,150.  Expenditures  $48,210.62. 

New  plans  for  the  mural  decorations  of  the 
new  building  have  not  been  made  since  the 
death  of  Francis  Millet,  who  was  lost  on  the 
"Titanic."  "The  whaleman's  statue,"  given 
to  the  city  by  W.  W.  Crapo,  is  to  be  installed 
in  the  library  grounds.  In  December,  an  ex- 
hibit of  pictures  and  illustrative  material  on 
hygiene  was  held  in  the  library  building. 
Books  in  Portuguese,  Yiddish  and  Armenian 
were  placed  on  open  shelves  in  the  main  read- 
ing room,  and  a  large  collection  of  French 


books  was  sent  to  the  North  Branch.  Plans 
are  under  way  for  a  municipal  reference  li- 
brary. 

New  Brunswick  (N.  J.)  F.  P.  L.  Cornelia 
A.  See,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— 1912.)  Accessions  1140. 
Circulation  80,961.  Expenditures  $7303.31. 

Northampton  (Mass.)  Forbes  L.  J.  L.  Har- 
rison, Ibn.  (Rpt.  — yr.  ending  N.  30,  1912.) 
Accessions  3769;  total  119,703.  New  registra- 
tion 895;  total  6155.  Circulation  76,748. 

The  librarian's  report  calls  especial  attention 
to  the  completeness  of  the  musical  collection 
and  to  its  increasing  use.  The  branches  at 
Bay  State  and  Leeds  now  furnish  one-seventh 
of  the  entire  circulation  of  the  library.  In 
September  the  trustees  purchased  a  grapho- 
phone  and  disks  for  the  use  of  the  supervisor 
of  music  in  the  public  schools.  Besides  send- 
ing books  to  several  schools,  the  library  loans 
framed  pictures  for  hanging  in  the  school 
buildings.  The  loan  to  the  Hawley  grammar 
school  of  a  special  collection  of  211  pictures  in 
the  four  classes,  history,  architecture,  sculp- 
ture and  painting,  is  noteworthy.  The  library 
is  in  urgent  need  of  the  proposed  two-story 
steel  stacks,  since  the  wooden  shelves  are 
crowded  to  their  utmost  capacity,  and  many 
volumes  are  stored  in  inaccessible  parts  of  the 
building.  "It  is  also  to  be  earnestly  hoped  that 
larger  provision  will  be  made  for  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  library."  The  book-purchasing 
income  is  now  $12,000  against  $10,000  for  all 
other  purposes,  causing  a  rapid  accumulation 
of  books  which  cannot  be  fully  cared  for  by 
the  library  staff. 

Pawtucket  (R.  I.),  Deborah  Cook  Sayles 
P.  L.  Harold  T.  Dougherty,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr. 
1912.)  Accessions  2738;  total  34,503.  New 
registration  1742;  total  registration  8160.  Cir- 
culation 118,260.  Receipts  $16,600;  expendi- 
tures $16,371.53. 

Pomona  (Cal.)  P.  L.  Sarah  M.  Jacobus, 
Ibn.  Accessions  1660;  total  21,525.  Circula- 
tion 90,762.  New  registration  810;  total  8228. 
Receipts  $14,838.67;  expenditures  $7401.85. 

Providence  (R.  L)  P.  L.  W.  E.  Foster, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.  — 1912.)  Accessions  11,815;  total 
165,222.  Registration  10,453.  Circulation  235,- 
979.  Receipts  $58,892.71 ;  expenditures  $58,- 
479.30. 

The  library  has  published  a  library  "Hand- 
book," showing  location  of  departments,  rules, 
hours,  etc.  A  series  of  lectures  under  the 
Immigrant  Educational  Bureau  was  given  for 
the  foreign-born  population.  During  the  last 
four  months  the  librarian  has  spent  part  of 
each  day  in  the  Standard  Library  to  meet  the 
readers  who  visit  it.  The  educational  books 
have  been  transferred  to  the  lecture  room. 
The  library  of  the  Rhode  Island  Medical  So- 
ciety has  been  removed  to  its  own  building, 
and  the  Industrial  Library  has  absorbed  the 
space  left  vacant.  The  three  branches  have 
gained  in  number  of  readers  and  circulation, 


.3*2 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


but  at  least  three  more  branches  are  needed. 
It  is  desirable  that  the  library  should  establish 
a  training  class  and  offer  larger  salaries  in 
order  to  maintain  a  staff  of  the  present  high 
standard. 

Rochester  (N.  7.)  P.  L.  W.  F.  Yust,  Ibn. 
(ist  annual  rpt — 1912.)  Accessions  11,463. 
School  libraries  14,498.  Circulation  since  Oct. 
9.  Exposition  Park  branch,  14,95* ;  school  li- 
braries, 48,091.  Receipts  39,266.96;  expendi- 
tures $39,226.21. 

The  first  annual  report  of  the  Rochester 
Public  Library  describes  a  peculiar  problem 
and  its  solution.  With  fourteen  libraries  con- 
taining nearly  300,000  volumes,  Rochester  had 
no  public  library  system,  and  could  use  only 
20  per  cent,  of  all  the  collections  in  the  city 
for  circulation.  While  the  city  needed  a  main 
library  building,  it  was  found  more  practical 
to  start  with  a  branch,  purchase  a  working 
collection  of  books,  and  open  the  doors  to  the 
public.  Building  no.  9  in  Exposition  Park,  a 
former  dormitory  of  the  state  reform  school, 
was  acquired  for  the  first  branch,  and  proved 
well  adapted  to  library  needs.  The  staff  was 
installed '  while  building  alterations  were  still 
in  progress.  "But  the  noise  and  debris  made 
by  stone  cutters,  plasterers,  plumbers,  and  heat- 
ing and  light  fixture  workmen  kept  the  rooms 
in  constant  dust  and  disorder.  Four  sala- 
manders had  to  be  installed  to  dry  out  the  ac- 
cumulated dampness  of  years.  They  burned 
slack,  adding  heat  and  smoke  and  odor  to  the 
other  discomforts  enumerated.  Nevertheless 
the  assistants  kept  up  a  good  spirit.  They 
really  became  expert  at  dodging  brick-bats, 
pieces  of  lead  pipe,  and  stray  streams  of  water. 
After  their  experience  with  the  salamanders 
they  felt  they  had  been  tested  by  heat  and  by 
cold,  by  fire  and  by  water." 

From  the  1911  and  1912  appropriations  the 
library  spent  $11,584.85  for  books,  acquiring 
about  10,000  volumes  by  purchase  and  1197  by 
gift.  The  grade  school  libraries  were  put  in 
charge  of  the  public  library,  overhauled,  re- 
paired, cataloged,  and  returned  to  the  schools. 
From  over  60,000  volumes  of  the  old  Central 
Library's  collection  a  pedagogical  library  was 
selected  to  be  established  in  the  municipal 
building  occupied  by  the  Board  of  Education 
offices.  A  union  catalog  of  the  playground 
libraries  was  prepared,  and  the  attendants  in 
charge  of  the  games  and  books  now  meet  reg- 
ularly with  the  superintendent  of  library  ex- 
tension for  instruction  and  discussion  of  books. 

The  library  needs  $500,000  for  a  central  build- 
ing, $400,000  for  ten  branches.  Meanwhile  the 
new^  institution  is  meeting  with  a  cordial  re- 
ception and  receiving  helpful  cooperation  from 
all  concerned. 

Somerville  (Mass.')  P.  L.  Drew  B.  Hall, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  9775 ;  total 
107,702.  Circulation  597J57-  New  registra- 
tion 4770.  Receipts  $33,176.26;  expenditures 
$39,809.20. 


The  new  central  library  building  is  in  proc- 
ess and  should  be  ready  for  occupancy  in  the 
fall  of  1913.  The  branches  at  East  Somerville 
and  Union  Square,  opened  this  year,  have 
been  hardly  able  to  meet  all  applicants  and  all 
requests.  An  attempt  is  being  made  to  select, 
classify,  and  revise  a  catalog  for  45,000  vol- 
umes to  be  placed  on  the  open  shelves  of  the 
main  book  room  in  the  new  building.  The 
system  of  "interchange  requests"  keeps  the 
central  library  and  branches  in  close  touch 
and  gives  "central"  service  to  branch  com- 
munities. The  number  of  volumes  issued  per 
borrower  has  been  extended  to  any  reasonable 
number  and  the  time  limit  to  a  calendar  month. 
"To  encourage  applications  from  those  who 
have  gone  beyond  the  high  school,  college- 
trained  young  women,  who  complete  the  usual 
apprentice  course,  are  on  appointment  to  the 
staff  given  advanced  standing  and  salary  as 
of  the  third  year."  The  general  meetings  of 
the  staff  are  becoming  a  regular  monthly  series 
in  which  various  members  take  part,  and  the 
subjects  for  discussion  are  largely  literary  and 
studious. 

Spokane  (Wash.}  P.  L.  George  W.  Fuller, 
Ibn.  (Rpt— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  11,506; 
total  56,322.  New  registration  10,570;  total 
registration  29,910.  Circulation  343,156  (ju- 
venile 124,266).  Receipts  $42,331.70;  expen- 
ditures $42,331.70. 

The  branch  department  has  developed  well, 
and  two  new  buildings,  to  cost  $70,000,  the 
gift  of  Mr.  Carnegie,  are  to  be  built.  The 
children's  department  is  growing  rapidly,  with 
an  increase  of  39,685  in  circulation.  109  libra- 
ries have  been  placed  in  21  schools.  A  train- 
ing class  of  six  finished  its  work  in  January, 
and  a  class  of  eight  was  admitted  in  October. 

Syracuse  (N.  F.)  P.  L.  E.  W.  Mundy,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.  —  1912.)  Accessions  8700;  total  100,200. 
Registration  20,390.  Circulation  327,281.  Ex- 
penditures $42,803.55. 

The  library  has  found  it  economical  to  have 
new  books,  whenever  possible,  put  into  library 
binding  before  they  go  into  circulation.  Seven 
stations  and  one  branch  are  now  in  successful 
operation. 

Waco  (Tex.}  P.  L.  Gertrude  Matthews, 
Ibn.  New  registration  1726.  Circulation  62,- 
050.  Expenditures  $5053.28. 

The  report  shows  that  men  make  up  more 
than  half  of  those  using  the  library  for  read- 
ing and  reference,  and  more  than  60  per  cent, 
of  the  Sunday  readers.  The  story  hour  has 
been  a  great  success.  The  publicity  work  of 
the  library  included  an  exhibit  of  its  work  at 
the  Cotton  Palace  and  at  the  Dallas  state^fair. 
The  directors  regret  to  announce  the  resigna- 
tion of  Miss  Matthews  after  six  years  of  ser- 
vice as  librarian. 

Waterloo  (la.}  P.  L.  Fanny  Duren,  Ibn. 
Accessions  1561;  total  20,711.  New  registra- 
tion 1469;  total  7052.  Circulation  83,389.  Re- 
ceipts $13,420.89;  expenditures  $11,109.91. 


June,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


383 


Both  library  buildings,  Divisions  A  and  B, 
were  cleaned  and  redecorated  during  the  sum- 
mer; while  one  division  was  closed  its  usual 
patrons  were  able  to  make  the  acquaintance 
of  the  other  division  across  the  river.  Two 
special  annotated  book  lists  were  published  in 
the  press,  and  later  in  the  form  of  book- 
marks. An  exhaustive  list  on  "Ship  subsidies" 
was  prepared  for  the  debating  teams  of  the 
two  high  schools.  Work  with  the  schools  has 
been  largely  what  could  be  accomplished  with- 
out going  to  the  schools,  since  there  is  no 
special  school  assistant.  At  Division  A  a  spe- 
cial study  and  conference  room  for  teachers 
has  been  established. 

West  field,  Mass.  Westfield  Aihen&um.  G. 
L.  Lewis,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— 1912.)  Accessions  1565; 
total  28,657.  Circulation  67,466.  Registration 
4613. 

CANADIAN 

Calgary  (Alberta)  P.  L.  Alexander  Cal- 
houn,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  7641 ; 
total  12,795.  Circulation  114,566.  New  regis- 
tration 8911. 

Montreal  (Can.),  Fraser  Inst.  F.  P.  L.  P.  B. 
de  Creyecoeur,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  to  Je.  30,  '12.) 
Accessions  2959;  total  61,726.  Circulation 
96,027.  Receipts  $12,554.92. 

Btbiiogtrapb)?  anfc  Cataloging 

AGRICULTURE.  Mass.  Agricultural  College. 
Useful  books  for  the  dairyman ;  library  leaf- 
let no.  2.  Amherst,  Mass.  12°,  pap. 

Selected  list  of  references  for  fruit 

growers;    library    leaflet    no.    i.     Amherst, 
Mass.    12°,  pap. 

Good  books  for  poultrymen;  library 

leaflet  no.  3.    Amherst,  Mass.    12°,  pap. 

AMERICAN  HISTORY.  Bridgeport  Public  Library. 
Introduction  to  American  history;  books  for 
the  fifth  and  sixth  grades.  Bridgeport,  Conn. 
5  p.  16°,  pap. 

AMERICANA.  Huston,  A.  J.  Americana.  Port- 
land, Me.  26  p.  12°,  pap.  (No.  12;  666 
titles. 

AUTOBIOGRAPHY.  Bascom,  John.  Things  learned 
by  living.  N.  Y.,  Putnam,  c.  15+228  p. 
(.1&/2  p.  bibl.)  por.  12°,  $1.25  n. 

BALKAN  STATES.  Baer  &  Co.,  Joseph.  Die 
Balkanhalbinsel  und  der  Archipel  von  dem 
verfall  der  Romischen  Reiches  bis  auf  die 
Gegenwart.  Frankfurt  a.M.  12°,  pap.  (No. 
611;  609  titles.) 

BEN  JOHNSON.  Kerr,  Mina.  Influence  of  Ben 
Johnson  on  English  comedy,  1598-1642. 
Phil*.,  Univ.  of  Penn.,  '12.  c.  4+132  p.  (3  p. 
bibl.)  12°,  $2. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  Ellis's  catalogue  of  bibliograph- 
ical works,  including  many  special  mono- 
graphs; books  on  libraries,  and  a  series  of 


auction  sale  and  booksellers'  catalogues. 
London.  16°,  pap.,  6s.  (No.  146;  412  titles.) 

BIOGRAPHY.  Boutet  de  Monvel,  Roger.  Emi- 
nent English  men  and  women  in  Paris 
crowned  by  the  French  Academy  in  1912; 
tr.  by  G.  Herring.  N.  Y.,  Scribner.  13+ 
515  P.  (5  P.  bibl.)  pis.  8°,  $3.50  n. 

Shelley,  Mary  Wollstonecraft,  [Mrs. 

Percy  Bysshe  Shelley.]  Mary  Wollstone- 
craft; [comp.]  by  Camilla  Jebb.  Chic.,  F.  G. 
Browne  &  Co.  38+300  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  por. 
16°,  (Regent  lib.)  90  c.  n. 

BIRDS.  Thomas  Crane  Public  Library.  Books 
about  birds.  Quincy,  Mass.  4  p.  16°,  pap. 

CAMP  FIRE  GIRLS.  Camp  Fire  Girls.  The  book 
of  the  Camp  Fire  Girls.  N.  Y.,  Camp  Fire 
Girls.  61  p.  (7  p.  bibl.)  pis.  12°,  25  c. 

CHILDREN.  Conn.  Public  Library  Committee. 
Helps  in  library  work  with  children.  Hart- 
ford, Conn.  8  p.  8°,  (Whole  no.  77.)  pap. 

—  Public  Library,  Washington,  D.  C.  Books 
for  a  child's  library.  15  p.  24°,  pap. 

CITY  CHARTERS.  New  York  Public  Library 
Bulletin,  April,  pp.  313-359.  List  of  city 
charters,  ordinances  and  collected  docu- 
ments. N.  Y.,  [The  library.]  8°,  pap, 

CIVIL  WAR.  Davis,  W.  Watson.  >  The  ,  Civil 
War  and  reconstruction  in  Florida.  N.  Y., 
Longmans.  26+769  p.  (9  p.  bibl.)  O.  (Stud- 
ies in  history,  economics  and  public  law.) 
$4.50;  pap.,  $4. 

COMMERCE  AND  CORPORATIONS,  FEDERAL  CONTROL 
OF.  Meyer,  Hermann  H.B.,  comp.  List  of 
references  on  federal  control  of  commerce 
and  corporations.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr. 
Off.  3+164  p.  8°,  pap.,  15  c. 

COMMISSION  GOVERNMENT.  Meyer,  Hermann 
H.B.,  comp.  Select  list  of  references  on 
commission  government  for  cities.  Wash., 
D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  2+70  p.  8°,  pap.,  10  c. 

CONFEDERATE  HISTORY.  Henkels,  Stan  V.  Rare 
Confederate  books  and  pamphlets  on  Con- 
federate history,  the  result  of  40  years'  re- 
search by  a  diligent  collector.  Phil.  8°,  pap. 
(No.  1090;  352  titles.) 

COST  OF  LIVING.  Meyer,  Hermann  H.B.,  comp. 
Additional  references  on  the  cost  of  living 
and  prices.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off. 
6+120  p.  8°,  pap.,  15  c. 

EDUCATION.  Thomas  Crane  Public  Library. 
Books  for  teachers  in  the  Thomas  Crane 
Public  Library.  Quincy,  Mass.  6  p.  16°,  pap. 

GEOGRAPHY.  Schonigh,  Ferdinand.  Geogra- 
phic, Reisebeschreibung,  Europa,  Asien,  Af- 
rika,  Amerika,  Australien.  Osnabriick,  Ger. 
12°,  pap.  (No.  146;  1775  titles.) 

HARBORS  AND  DOCKS.  Seattle  Public  Library. 
Harbors  and  docks ;  a  list  of  books  and  ref- 
erences to  periodicals  in  the  Seattle  Public 
Library.  Seattle,  Wash.  40  p.  16°,  (Refer- 
ence list  no.  5.)  pap. 


3*4 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  1913 


HOUSING.  Chicago  School  of  Civics  and  Phi- 
lanthropy. Housing  literature  in  central  Chi- 
cago libraries.  Chic.,  [The  author.]  40  p. 
12°,  (Bulletin  no.  16.)  pap.,  20  c. 

INCOME  TAX.  Cambridge  Public)  Library.  Se- 
lected list  on  the  income  tax.  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  [The  author.]  4  p.  12°,  pap. 

INSECTS.  Worcester  Free  Public  Library.  Se- 
lected list  on  injurious  insects.  Worcester, 
Mass.,  [The  author.]  5  p.  12°,  pap. 

JEFFERSON,  THOMAS.  Williams,  J.  Sharp. 
Thomas  Jefferson,  his  permanent  influence 
on  American  institutions.  N.  Y.,  Lemcke  & 
B.  c.  9+330  p.  (5  p.  bibl.)  12°,  (Columbia 
Univ.  lectures.)  $1.50  n. 

NATURAL  HISTORY.  Trinity  College.  The  Rus- 
sell collection ;  a  list  of  books  on  natural  his- 
tory in  Trinity  College  Library.  Hartford, 
Conn.  23  p.  12°,  pap. 

NEW  YORK  STATE  HISTORY.  Skinner,  John. 
Books  relating  to  New  York  state.  Albany, 
N.  Y.  pap.  (No.  166;  55  titles.) 

OPHTHALMOLOGY.  Deuticke,  Franz.  Ophthal- 
mologie,  verzeichnis  von  zeitschriften  enzy- 
klopadien,  handbuchern  und  abhandlungen 
zur  augenheilkunde.  Vienna.  12°,  pap.  (No. 
104;  1055  titles.) 

POETS  AND  POETRY.  The  Poetry  Journal, 
March,  pp.  141-152.  Classified  list  of  books 
and  current  magazine  articles  on  poets  and 
poetry.  Boston,  Mass.  12°,  15  c. 

RUSSIAN  EMPIRE.  Winter,  Nevin  Otto.  The 
Russian  empire  of  to-day  and  yesterday; 
the  country  and  its  peoples ;  together  with  a 
brief  review  of  its  history,  past  and  present, 
and  a  survey  of  its  social,  political  and  eco- 
nomic conditions.  Bost.,  L.  C.  Page.  c.  i6-|- 
487  p.  (3  p.  bibl.)  il.  pors.  fold,  map,  8°, 
$3  n.,  bxd. 

TEXTILES.  Matthews,  Jos.  Merritt.  The  tex- 
tile fibres;  their  physical,  microscopical  and 
chemical  properties.  3d  ed.,  rewritten.  N.  Y., 
Wiley.  11+630  p.  (7  p.  bibl.)  il.  tabs.,  8°,  $4. 

TOBACCO.  'Quaritch,  Bernard.  A  catalogue  of 
rare  and  valuable  books,  including  a  re- 
cently purchased  collection  of  rare  books  on 
tobacco.  London.  8°,  pep.,  is.  (No.  324; 
957  titles.) 

VOCATIONAL  GUIDANCE.  Carnegie  Library  of 
Pittsburgh  Bulletin,  May,  pp.  196-205.  Vo- 
cational guidance;  a  reading  list  for  teach- 
ers, parents  and  pupils.  Pittsburgh,  [The 
library.]  8°,  pap. 

Dumors  ant)  JBltmbers 

FALL   OF  SCUTARI  BRINGS  RELIEF  TO  PUB- 
LIC  LIBRARY    ATTENDANTS 

Now  that  King  Nicholas  is  in  possession  of  the 
town  of  Scutari,  and  his  busy  little  army  is  playing 
pinochle  in  the  plaza  of  the  Ottoman  stronghold,  the 


attendants  at  the  New  York  Public  Library  are  breath- 
ing long  sighs  of  relief.  A  few  weeks  more,  they 
hope,  will  bring  the  signing  of  the  final  treaties  which 
mean  so  much  to  them,  for  they  have  long  months 
ago  come  to  the  belief  that  General  Sherman  was 
very  conservative  when  he  made  his  declaration  re- 
garding war. 

It  may  seem  a  long  cry  from  the  Balkan  battles 
to  the  quiet  (it  was  once)  reading  room  of  the  library 
in  New  York  City,  but  as  a  matter  of  unhappy  fact, 
the  two  extremities  have  been  for  months  closely 
connected. 

Hardly  had  the  hostilities  in  the  Balkan  Mountains 
begun  when  the  army  of  sympathizers  of  the  various 
countries  involved  living  in  New  York  began  casting 
about  for  the  best  spot  to  get  the  latest  word  on  the 
war  situation.  Many  of  the  newspapers  gave  ex- 
tended accounts  of  the  engagements  and  considerable 
information  regarding  the  movements  of  the  troops, 
but  the  New  York  allies  demanded  more.  Slowly,  in 
single  file  or  in  close  formation,  they  began  their 
advance  on  the  library.  There  they  found,  hanging 
in  double  rows,  copies  of  almost  every  magazine  and 
newspaper  published  in  Europe,  and  from  that  mo- 
ment the  quiet  of  the  reading  room  was  but  a 
memory. 

The  reading  and  periodical  room  of  the  library 
within  one  week  became  the  camping- ground  of  the 
Balkan  allies  in  New  York.  Since  then  the  smoke 
of  argument  has  hovered  continuously,  and  although 
many  of  the  oral  batteries  have  from  time  to  time 
been  spiked  and  driven  in  full  retreat  into  42d  street, 
the  rumble  of  war  has  been  a  daily  feature  of  the 
library's  usually  placid  existence.  .  .  . 

While  the  war  was  still  in  its  infancy,  the  attend- 
ants discovered  that  an  argument  with  a  Balkan 
enthusiast  is  nothing  short  of  a  riot. 

Even  though  the  attendant  wins  on  points  of  law 
and  order,  the  noise  created  is  enough  to  stagger  the 
mcst  intent  bookworm.  Therefore,  while  the  allies 
were  dashing  about  the  staircases  there  was  nothing 
left  for  the  management  to  do  but  to  pray  for  peace, 
both  here  and  in  the  Balkans.  All  the  shepherds  in 
Montenegro  could  not  control  the  goats  set  astray  by 
the  New  York  brethren  in  their  wild  search  for  in- 
formation. .  .  . 

Only  a  few  days  ago  an  amateur  milliner  went  to 
the  library  to  make  a  copy  of  a  hat  which  she  had 
seen  and  admired  in  one  of  the  fashion  books  in  the 
reference  room.  She  brought  a  wire  hat  shape  and  all 
the  trimmings  with  her,  and  was  making  great  pro- 
gress when  one  of  the  Balkan  onslaughts  occurred, 
and  she  was  utterly  routed,  much  to  the  joy  of  those 
in  charge  of  the  room.  It  was  the  first  really  cred- 
itable manoeuvre  of  the  New  York  allies.— New  York 
Herald,  April  27,  1913. 


Calenfcar 


June  9-14.  California  L.  A.,  Arlington  Hotel,, 

Santa  Barbara. 

12-14.  Pacific  N.  W.  L.  A.,  Tacoma. 
23-28.  A.  L.  A.  annual  conference,  Hotel 

Kaaterskill,  N.  Y. 
26-(?)  N.  H.  L.  A. 

Sept.  22-27.  N.  Y.  S.  L.  A.  annual  meeting,  the 
Sagamore,  Lake  George. 


PUBLISHER'S  NOTE.— The  office  of  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL  has  been  moved  from  298  Broadway 
to  141  East  25th  street,  two  blocks  east  of 
Madison  Square. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


VOL.  38 


JULY,   1913 


No.  7 


THESE  are  the  days  when,  virginibus  puer- 
isque—in    this    case    mostly    the    former— the 
youth    of   the   land    are    stepping   across   the 
thresholds  of  library  schools  as  well  as  of  col- 
leges, to  find  their  vocation  in  the  wide,  wide 
world.   In  this  library  field,  it  is  truly  a  vocation 
to  which  they  are  called,  for  in  most  cases 
those  who  would  be  librarians  come  to  their 
work  with  a  real  enthusiasm  and  vital  public 
spirit  which  promises  a  career  quite  above  the 
ordinary  business  avocation  or  mere  earning  of 
a   living.      Somewhat   over    twenty-five   years 
.ago,  when  the  possibilities  of  a  library  school 
were  put  forward  by  Melvil  Dewey,  the  con- 
vention minutes  disclosed  fearful  doubts  as  to 
whether  such  a  new-fangled  invention  would 
•ever  come  to   anything.     This   year  the  half 
.score  library  schools  of  approved  standing  will 
.send  forth  nearly  two  hundred  graduates,  ready 
for  trained   professional   work  in  the  library 
field.    And  the  remarkable  fact  is  that  the  de- 
mand for  trained  library  assistants  is  so  great 
that  almost  every  graduate  will  find  a  paying 
position  at  once — which  can  be  said  of  very 
few  training  schools  of  any  kind.     For  chil- 
•  dren's    librarians,    especially,    the    demand    is 
-chronically  greater  than  the  supply,  and  this 
has  led  not  only  to  the  establishment  of  the 
training    school    for    children's    librarians    at 
Pittsburgh,  but  also  to  Mr.  Brett's  new  enter- 
prise  in   providing   for  that  need  within   the 
Cleveland  Library  system.     After  the  library 
schools  will  come  the  summer  training  classes, 
only  less  valuable  in  their  function  of  giving 
to    library    assistants    who   have   not   enjoyed 
professional  training  something  of  that  which 
they  have  lacked. 

THE  library  schools,  in  themselves  special- 
ized educational  enterprises,  are  constantly 
providing  opportunities  for  even  greater  spe- 
cialization. In  line  with  this  tendency,  the 
New  York  Public  Library  School  has  just  of- 
fered, in  its  senior  year,  a  course  which  re- 
sembles the  "M.A."  year  of  college.  The  stu- 
dents' demand  has  determined  the  nature  of 
the  courses  given  and  the  required  practice  was 
arranged  to  supplement  class  room  work.  The 
recent  graduation  of  sixteen  students  who 
have  specialized  in  cataloging,  administration, 
-or  children's  work  marks  the  success  of  this 


experimental  year.  In  connection  with  'the 
Brooklyn  Library,  the  Pratt  Institute  School 
has  developed  a  very  satisfactory  normal 
method,  while  the  New  York  State  Library 
School  is  giving  courses  for  law  and  legisla- 
tive reference  librarians.  Such  combinations 
of  practical  service  and  advanced  instruction 
should  appeal  to  library  school  graduates  and 
experienced  librarians  as  a  chance  to  acquire 
a  wider  outlook  and  a  fresh  inspiration. 


SPECIAL   libraries    are   of   course   the   most 
notable  example  of  specialization  in  the  library 
field.     Recently,  by  cooperation  of  the  Special 
Libraries  Association  and  the  LIBRARY  JOUR- 
NAL, a  questionnaire  was  sent  to  more  than 
a  hundred  special  libraries,  asking  for  infor- 
mation which  would  form  the  basis  for  fur- 
ther development  of  the  special  libraries  idea. 
Out  of  the  many  and  excellent  replies    which 
have  been   received,  a  few  are  given  in  this 
number;  and  the  Special  Libraries  Association 
proposes  later  to  m&ke  a  digest  of  all  the  re- 
turns.    Special   libraries    which   have   not   re- 
ceived  the   questionnaire,   which    is    reprinted 
in  this  number,  are  invited  to  send  replies  even 
without  direct  invitation;   and  the  request  is 
repeated    that  librarians    who  have  knowledge 
of  special  libraries  in  their  vicinity   send  a  list 
of  such  libraries  to  this  office.     There  are  at 
least  two  or  three  hundred  which  should  be 
in  touch  with  this  present  endeavor.     Both  li- 
brarians and  the  public  will  doubtless  be  sur- 
prised to  know  the  stage  of  development  which 
this  specialized  work  has  reached,  and  it  is  the 
more  interesting  because  of  the  individuality 
that  such  libraries  involve.    They  should  form 
an  important  part  of  the  interlocking  system 
of  inter-library  loans,  and  it  is  therefore  the 
more  desirable  that  there  should  be  full  record 
of  their  treasures  and  activity. 

THE  most  important  result  of  library  work 
is,  of  course,  to  raise  the  level  of  private  read- 
ing. What  the  people  read  in  the  state  of 
Delaware  has  been  brought  to  light  by  certain 
investigations  of  which  an  account  is  given 
in  this  issue,  and  the  exhibit  is,  to  put  it  mild- 
ly, disappointing.  With  all  the  advance  that 
has  been  made,  the  libraries  are  yet  far  from 
reaching  all  the  people,  or  from  reaching  to 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913, 


the  best  advantage  those  whom  they  do  reach. 
More  and  more  attention  should  be  given  to 
the  qualitative  as  well  as  to  the  quantitative 
side  of  the  use  of  library  books,  and  beyond 
this  every  possible  endeavor  should  be  made 
to  induce  the  buying  as  well  as  reading  of 
good  books  by  the  public,  and  not  least  by 
the  juvenile  public.  Many  states  are  doubtless 
in  better  condition  than  Delaware  in  this  re- 
spect, but  in  no  state  has  the  ideal  been 
reached. 


STORY  telling  as  a  feature  of  library  work 
has  doubtless  come  to  stay,  as  it  has  laid  hold 
not  only  on  the  children  but  on  the  grown 
folk  as  well.  But  here  also  the  standard 
should  be  kept  high.  There  aire  stories  and 
stories,  and  the  library  should  not  be  open  to 
criticism  in  its  story  telling  to  young  children. 
Stories  about  the  devil,  of  which  there  are 
literally  legion,  are  not  good  pabulum  for  the 
youthful  mind.  Stories  of  hobgoblins  and  ma- 
licious animals  impress  the  childish  mind  more 
than  most  adults  remember.  We  wot  of  one 
small  person  who  for  months  never  went  to 
sleep  without  hiding  under  the  bedclothes  for 
fear  of  the  dreadful  tiger  of  which  her  nurse 
had  told  her,  and  it  was  this  same  child  whose 
imagination  was  so  stirred  with  unnecessary 
sympathy  by  the  orthodox  story  of  Daniel 
among  the  lions  that  she  told  her  mother  she 
did  not  want  God  with  her  that  night,  but 
wanted  Jesus,  because  God  had  let  Daniel  be 
put  into  the  lions'  den.  Story  tellers  should 
not  forget  this  supersensitiveness  of  the  child- 
ish mind  to  horrifying  or  creepy  impressions, 
and  those  who  have  library  responsibilities 
should  also  remember  that  the  purpose  of  the 
library  in  its  relations  with  the  children  should 
be  to  train  the  imagination  wholesomely  rather 
than  merely  to  amuse.  It  is  perhaps  not  too 
much  to  say  that  stories  officially  told  should 
have  definite  if  not  obtrusive  moral  aim.  Mrs. 
Gatty's  "Parables  from  nature"  are  among  the 
most  delightful  of  nature  stories,  and  furnish 
an  excellent  example  of  a  standard  for  the 
story  telling  hour.  There  might  well  be  more 
discussion  of  story  telling  from  this  point  of 
view  than  has  so  far  been  had. 

THE  failures  of  library  experiments  are  not 
as  well  advertised  as  their  successes,  and  an 
alert  librarian  desires  to  make,  through  the 
LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  the  suggestion  that  libra- 
rians who  have  tried  certain  methods  and 


found  them  failures  should  report  the  fact 
through  these  columns,  so  that  others  should 
not  waste  time  in  the  same  direction.  It 
should,  indeed,  be  the  special  function  of  a 
library  periodical  to  act  as  .a  clearing  house 
for  mistakes  as  well  as  for  inspirations — 
literally  clearing  the  way  for  better  things, 
and  enabling  every  other  library  to  avoid  use- 
less effort  where  one  library  has  already  tried 
out  an  experiment.  Mr.  Wellman,  of  Spring- 
field, for  instance,  confesses  frankly  that  he 
has  found  the  postcard  method  of  inviting 
the  use  of  the  library  by  persons  more  or  less 
outside  its  usual  clientele  to  be  quite  a  fail- 
ure, the  results  inadequate  to  the  cost  and 
trouble  of  the  outlay.  Have  other  librarians 
tried  this  experiment,  and  possibly  with  more 
success  ?  There  are  other  fields  in  which  ex- 
periments have  doubtless  been  made — if  they 
have  not  succeeded,  let  us  all  know. 

THE  public  library  has  long  recognized  the 
relations  of  literature  with  art  and  music  by 
collecting  and  circulating  art  prints  and  by 
making  special  collections  of  musical  scores 
for  reference  and,  in  a  few  cases,  for  circu- 
lation. A  few  libraries  have  even  gone  further, 
as  in  the  circulation  of  musical  rolls  for  self- 
playing  pianos  or  in  the  provision  of  a  music- 
room  within  the  library  for  trying  out  piano- 
scores.  Suggestion  is  now  coming  to  the  fore 
that  the  library  should  go  a  step  further,  and,, 
as  it  provides  for  reading  or  tale-telling 
to  children  in  the  story  hour,  so  it  should 
provide  for  the  entertainment  of  grown-ups, 
as  by  the  use  of  the  Victrola  or  other  phono- 
graphs in  its  auditorium.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  the  auditoriums  which  are  usually  pro- 
vided in  Carnegie  buildings  are  too  little  used ; 
we  have  indeed  often  pointed  out  that  they 
are  the  part  of  the  library  plant  which  is 
least  utilized.  There  would  seem  to  be  no  rea- 
son why  the  adaptation  of  the  phonograph 
for  the  reading  of  books  also  should  not  be  of 
general  service  to  others  as  well  as  to  the 
blind;  and  the  use  of  auditoriums  on  after- 
noons or  on  certain  evenings  of  the  week,  for 
such  a  purpose,  would  seem  to  be  well  within 
the  scope  of  the  library.  It  is  going  some- 
what outside  the  immediate  field  to  undertake 
Victrola  concerts  of  a  Sunday  or  other  after- 
noon; but  if  the  library  is  to  be  more  and 
more  a  civic  center,  for  the  cultivation  and 
edification  of  the  people,  the  suggestion  is 
certainly  well  worth  consideration. 


July,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


387 


WHAT   PEOPLE  READ* 
BY  ARTHUR  Low  BAILEY,  Librarian  Wilmington  Institute  Free  Library 


FOR  many  years  librarians  have  tried  to  put 
the  right  book  into  the  hands  of  the  right 
person.  In  order  to  do  this,  they  have  gone 
outside  of  the  libraries,  and  have  either  taken  the 
books  to  the  people  or  have  blown  their  own 
horns  so  loudly  that  the  people  came  to  them. 
Every  year  they  have  insisted  more  and  more 
on  the  value  of  publicity  and  the  necessity  of 
making  their  wares  known  to  the  people.  And 
it  is  clear  to  every  one  how  unsuccessful,  com- 
paratively speaking,  they  have  been.  There 
are  few  cities  in  the  country  where  more  than 
20  per  cent,  of  the  inhabitants  are  regular  bor- 
rowers at  the  public  library.  There  are  many 
country  districts  which  have  no  library  facil- 
ities whatever,  and  where  practically  the  only 
books  that  the  people  have  are  the  year  books 
of  the  Department  of  Agriculture.  With  all 
of  our  efforts  we  fail  to  interest  more  than. 
25  per  cent,  of  those  who  live  in  our  com- 
munity. 

There  may  be  many  reasons  why  we  fail  to 
reach  more  than  a  comparatively  small  number 
of  our  constituents,  but  I  am  convinced  that 
the  main  reason  is  because  we  do  not  know 
home  conditions  and  cannot  fit  the  book  to 
the  individual  or  to  the  family.  We  do  not 
know  what  subjects  interest  them*  nor  what 
stage  of  culture  they  have  reached.  It  will  be 
many  years  before  the  city  librarian  can  get 
this  information.  Perhaps  the  final  solution 
for  him  is  a  book  wagon,  as  I  am  convinced 
it  is  for  the  country.  But  it  is  as  important 
to  discover  home  conditions  in  the  country  as 
it  is  in  the  city,  and  these  conditions  must  be 
discovered  before  we  can  intelligently  serve 
the  people.  Doubtless  the  main  reason  why 
no  effort  has  been  made  in  any  state  to  get 
such  information  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
amount  of  labor  involved  in  getting  statistics 
and  tabulating  them  is  enormous.  Delaware 
is  the  only  state  small  enough  in  territory  and 
population  to  make  feasible  any  plan  of  finding 
out  what  people  read. 

Ever  since  the  Delaware  State  Library  Com- 
mission was  started,  eleven  years  ago,  it  has 
devoted  all  of  its  energy  and  income  to  pro- 
viding traveling  libraries  for  the  residents  of 

*  Part  of  paper  given  at  Keystone  Library  Associa- 
tion meeting  in  October,  1912,  Galen  Hall,  Pa. 


the  state  outside  of  Wilmington.  (It  may  be 
well  to  state  here  that  Delaware  has  a  popu- 
lation of  approximately  200,000,  and  that  nearly 
half  of  the  population  lives  in  Wilmington.) 
By  far  the  greatest  number  of  these  libraries 
have  been  sent  to  school  districts  in  the  state, 
and  their  use  has  been  chiefly  limited  to  those 
districts. 

The  method  of  making  up  the  libraries  has 
been  similar,  I  suppose,  to  that  used  by  other 
commissions.  When  possible,  books  have  been 
examined  and  read.  The  A.  L.  A.  Booklist 
and  other  aids  in  selecting  books  have  been 
used.  The  character  of  a  community  to  which 
a  library  was  to  be  sent  has  been  considered, 
when  possible.  Nearly  every  library  contained 
popular  fiction,  a  little  science,  a  little  history, 
and  books  that  the  commission  in  its  wisdom 
thought  ought  to  be  popular,  or  that  people 
ought  to  read,  whether  they  wanted  to  or  not 

It  began  to  dawn  on  us,  however,  a  long- 
time ago  that  many  books  in  each  library  were 
not  being  used.  WTe  examined  the  collections 
carefully,  and  found  that  we  had  covered  sev- 
eral subjects,  that  we  had  standard  fiction,  and 
the  best  of  the  new  popular  fiction,  and  yet  even 
some  of  the  last  were  not  very  popular.  By 
slow  degrees  it  was  impressed  upon  us  that  \ve 
were  firing  over  the  heads  of  those  whom  we 
were  trying  to  interest;  and  we  were,  more- 
over, using  good  solid  shot  when  bird  shot 
would  have  done  more  execution.  But  even 
when  we  had  reached  this  point  we  were  not 
much  better  off,  for  we  still  did  not  know 
what  kinds  of  books  parents  and  children  were 
accustomed  to,  what  kinds  of  books  and  maga- 
zines were  in  the  homes.  The  next  step  \vas 
to  find  out.  And  we  did. 

We  decided  to  reach  the  homes  through 
the  schools,  and  we  had  printed  and  sent  to 
each  teacher  in  all  schools  outside  of  Wil- 
mington a  blank  form  of  questions,  the  an- 
swers to  which  would  tell  us  how  many  pupils 
and  families  were  represented  in  her  school, 
what  books  had  been  read  in  school  during  the 
past  year  as  a  part  of  school  work,  and  what 
were  planned  for  the  coming  year,  and  the 
number  of  traveling  libraries  she  had  had  in 
the  last  three  years.  The  blanks  were  sent  out 
in  November,  1911. 


3S8 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913 


With  these  blanks  to  the  teachers  went 
blanks  for  each  pupil  having  the  following 
items : 

1.  Name  the  books  you  have  read  in  the  past 
three  years. 

(a)  Books  from  traveling  libraries. 

(b)  All  other  books. 

2.  What  books  does  your  family  own? 

3.  What   magazines    and   papers    does   your 
family  take  ? 

It  was  realized  that  unless  pressure  was 
brought  to  bear  on  teachers,  few  of  these 
blanks  would  be  returned.  So  pressure  was 
brought  in  the  shape  of  a  card  from  the  State 
Board  of  Education,  stating  that  the  questions 
must  be  answered,  and  that  teachers  must  make 
efforts  to  see  that  they  were  answered  cor- 
rectly. Without  this  card  from  the  Board  of 
Education  the  experiment  would  have  been  a 
failure.  With  it  we  now  have  records  cover- 
ing 80  per  cent,  of  the  families  in  the  state. 
Now,  when  a  request  comes  from  a  school 
for  a  traveling  library,  our  librarian  does  not 
send  out  a  case  of  books  with  no  knowledge 
of  the  community  to  which  it  is  going.  Now, 
when  she  gets  a  request  from  a  district  which 
has  not  had  a  traveling  library,  she  looks  up 
the  blanks  returned  from  that  district,  and  a 
little  examination  soon  shows  her  whether  the 
majority  of  the  families  own  books  and  what 
kind  of  books  they  are,  or  whether  they  own 
few  books,  and  those  poor  in  quality.  If  she 
gets  a  request  from  a  district  that  has  already 
had  a  traveling  library,  she  looks  up  her 
records  to  see  how  successful  the  last  library 
was  in  that  community.  If  it  was  not  partic- 
ularly popular,  she  can  with  greater  success 
select  books  that  will  be  more  read. 

Before  proceeding  further  with  an  account 
of  these  investigations,  let  us  bear  in  mind 
that  this  investigation  was  made  in  the  white 
schools  alone,  and  the  results  are  probably 
no  more  startling  than  those  that  would  be 
obtained  from  a  similar  investigation  in  many 
sections  of  the  country:  first,  because  Dela- 
ware's rural  population  is  almost  exclusively 
native  born  with  almost  no  trace  of  the  for- 
eign immigrant;  second,  there  is  almost  no 
district  in  the  state  more  than  ten  miles  from 
a  railroad  station;  third,  the  rural  free  deliv- 
ery brings  mail  to  every  door;  fourth,  Dela- 
ware has  a  compulsory  school  law;  fifth,  the 
state  maintains  a  system  of  traveling  libraries 
whereby  any  school,  church,  or  club  may  have 
one  free  of  charge  upon  application. 


When  all  the  papers  had  been  returned  they 
were  placed  in  the  hands  of  members  of  the 
commission  for  tabulation.  The  work  of  tab- 
ulation proved  so  great  that  so  far  only  one 
of  the  three  counties  has  been  completed.  The 
results  from  Sussex  county,  however,  can 
surely  be  taken  as  representative  of  conditions 
in  Kent  county.  New  Castle  county,  which  in- 
cludes Wilmington,  is  more  thickly  settled,  the 
farmers  take  more  city  papers,  and  in  general 
conditions  are  considerably  better  than  in  the 
two  lower  counties. 

In  looking  over  the  papers,  two  facts  were 
at  once  apparent.  First,  the  number  of  fam- 
ilies failing  to  answer  the  questions  was  com- 
paratively small.  In  many  schools  papers  were 
received  from  all  the  pupils,  while  in  none  did 
more  than  10  per  cent,  fail  to  answer.  There- 
fore, the  results  obtained  should  give  basis  for 
fairly  accurate  deductions.  Second,  there  was 
apparently  no  effort  to  be  facetious,  or  to  give 
wrong  information.  Occasionally  a  paper 
would  show  that  no  attempt  had  been  made  to 
answer  it  accurately,  and  one  whole  district 
in  New  Castle  county  showed  this  disposition. 
It  will  be  safe  to  say,  however,  that  more  than 
99  per  cent  of  the  papers  showed  a  desire  to 
give  the  facts. 

Of  course,  if  one  wished  to  question  the^. 
value  of  the  answers  to  these  questions  he 
could  claim  that  it  would  be  impossible  for 
children  to  remember  all  the  books  they  had 
read  in  three  years.  Strictly  speaking,  such 
criticism  is  just.  But  two  replies  can  be  made 
to  it.  First,  the  total  number  of  books  in  al- 
most all  districts  was  very  small  and  the  chil- 
dren would  in  all  probability  remember  a  much 
larger  percentage  of  books  that  they  had  read 
than  they  would  if  they  lived  in  a  town  or 
city,  where  books  were  more  plentiful.  Sec- 
ond, it  would  be  an  utter  impossibility  for  all 
the  children  in  all  districts  to  forget  the  good 
books  that  they  had  read  and  remember  only 
the  poor  ones. 

Before  going  into  the  combined  figures  ob- 
tained by  tabulating  the  papers,  let  me  give  a 
few  reports  received  from  separate  districts. 
They  will  show,  perhaps,  even  better  than  the 
figures  how  appalling  the  conditions  are  in 
some  districts. 

In  one  school  from  which  44  pupils  sent  in 
replies  representing  24  different  households,  36 
of  the  44  pupils  report  that  they  have  not 
read  any  books;  18  of  the  24  homes  do  not 
own  a  book,  and  six  families  take  no  paper 


July,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


389 


aind  no  magazine  of  any  character  whatso- 
ever. 

In  another  school  from  which  31  replies 
were  received  representing  19  families,  not  a 
single  pupil  of  the  31  reports  having  read  a 
book.  Only  two  families  own  a  book,  and  each 
of  those  families  owns  a  "Life  of  McKinley"; 
ii  of  the  19  families  take  no  paper  and  no 
magazine  and  own  no  book.  The  only  book 
for  all  the  31  boys  and  girls  of  that  school 
community  is  a  "Life  of  McKinley."  Fortu- 
nately there  are  two  copies  of  that. 

In  another  school  only  three  of  the  families 
own  a  book;  those  three  families  own  a  few 
of  the  Alger  books,  and  one  boy  reports  that 
his  family  owns  four  books,  as  follows :  "Ser- 
mons by  the  devil,"  "The  curse  of  drink," 
"How  to  behave  in  society,"  "Half  hour  talks 
on  the  Holy  Bible." 

A  girl  of  13  years  says  that  she  has  read 
only  these  three  books :  "Sermons  by  the  devil," 
"Conversation  between  Mr.  World  and  Mrs. 
Church  Member,"  "Woman's  temptation." 

In  *  another  school  from  which  19  replies 
came  representing  16  households,  a  boy  of  19 
years  says  that  he  has  read  only  one  book, 
"The  great  controversy  between  Christ  and 
Satan."  A  boy  of  18  years  has  read  nothing, 
and  a  girl  of  16  has  read  only  "The  discovery 
of  the  north  pole."  The  teacher  required  no 
reading  last  year,  but  has  planned  to  have  them 
read  from  the  Ladies'  Home  Journal  and 
"Educational  books"  this  year. 

In  another  school  a  girl  of  n  years  reports 
that  her  family  owns  the  following  books: 
"The  sin  of  a  lifetime;'  "Her  mother's  sin," 
"Married  by  mistake,"  "Her  martyrdom," 
"Lena  Rivers,"  "Retribution,"  "The  hidden 
hand,"  "Bad  Hugh,"  "Capitola,"  "The  buried 
legacy,"  and  "The  queen  of  the  isle."  Another 
girl  of  16  reports  that  her  family  owns  "The 
divine  plan  of  the  ages,"  "The  kingdom  is  at 
hand,"  and  "The  kingdom  come." 

In  another  school  representing  21  families, 
only  three  of  the  21  families  own  a  book.  A 
boy  of  ii  years  says  that  he  has  read  "Nick 
Carter  and  every  kind  you  can  mention."  In 
answer  to  the  questipn,  "What  books  does 
your  family  own?"  a  girl  of  16  writes,  "The 
Bible  is  sufficient."  A  girl  of  14  years  writes 
that  her  family  owns  the  following:  "Married 
by  mistake,"  "The  ashes  of  love,"  "Her  only 
sin,"  "The  missing  bride,"  "The  outcast  sister," 


"Tempest   and   sunshine,"   and   "The   haunted 
homestead." 

In  another  school  from  which  20  pupils  re- 
plied, only  one  out  of  the  20  has  read  a  book. 
Only  two  families  of  the  17  own  a  book;  and 
family  number  one  owns  "Robinson  Crusoe," 
and  family  number  two  owns  "War  with  Spain," 
so  that  for  all  the  families  of  the  school  there 
are  only  two  books  for  the  children  to  read. 
The  teacher  reports  that  she  required  no  read- 
ing last  year,  has  planned  for  none  this  year, 
and  has  never  had  a  traveling  library. 
.  In  another  school  of  14  pupils  representing 
nine  households,  only  one  of  the  14  pupils  has 
read  anything,  this  one  boy  having  read  "Pil- 
grim's progress."  The  teacher  has  planned  to 
have  her  pupils  read  "Ten  nights  in  a  bar 
room." 

In  many  cases  girls  of  14  and  15  had  for 
their  only  reading  such  books  as  "Mother, 
home  and  heaven,"  "Sermons  by  the  devil," 
on  the  one  hand ;  and  on  the  other,  "One  night 
mystery,"  "From  gloom  to  sunlight,"  "A  hid- 
den hand,"  and  "A  woman's  temptation."  The 
last  was  a  great  favorite.  One  child  said,  "I 
have  read  'Kindness  to  the  poor,'  'Honor  thy 
father  and  thy  mother/  'My  first  lie,'  'Touch 
not,  taste  not,  handle  not,'  and  'Who  can  bear 
a  guilty  conscience.'" 

In  answer  to  the  questions,  "What  books 
have  you  read  during  the  past  three  years?" 
one  boy  of  13  said,  "I  have  read  23  of  Alger." 
A  child  of  nine  answered,  "I  have  read  the 
Bible,  'The  story  of  the  Bible,'  and  the  red 
telephone  book,  and  they  are  all  interesting 
books  to  read." 

In  the  replies  from  one  district,  the  teacher 
inadvertently  enclosed  a  note  written  to  her 
by  the  mother  of  one  of  her  pupils.  It  read  as 
follows:  "I  done  all  I  could  with  it.  I  never 
seen  nuthin'  like  it  B  for  and  I  can't  make 
sence  out  of  it." 

Certain  facts  derived  from  the  papers  can 
best  be  expressed  in  figures.  When  the  papers 
were  returned  the  information  which  they  con- 
tained was  drawn  off  on  blank  forms  under  the 
following  heads  for  each  district : 

Number  of  pupils  reported  by  the  teacher. 

Number  of  pupils  replying. 

Number  of  traveling  libraries  in  the  school 
in  past  three  years. 

Number  of  traveling  library  books  read  by 
pupil  in  past  three  years. 


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[July,  1913 


Number  of  books  outside  of  traveling  libra- 
ries read  by  pupils  over  eight  years  of  age. 
(Divided  into  good,  fair,  poor  and  none.) 
Number  of  families  reported  by  teacher. 
Number  of  families  included  in  table. 
Number  of  books  owned  by   family.     (Di- 
vided into  good,  fair,  poor  and  none.) 
Average  number  of  books  per  family. 
Papers,    magazines,    etc.,    subscribed    to    by 
families.       (Subdivided    into    city,    local, 
agricultural,  home  and  fashion,  literary  and 
religious.) 
Reading  done   last  year  as  part   of  school 

work. 
Reading  planned   for  current  year   as  part 

of  school  work. 

It  should  be  stated  here  that  we  did  not 
count  the  Bible,  taking  it  for  granted  that  all 
the  homes  would  have  one.  In  the  classifica- 
tion of  books  some  difficulty  was  found  in  dis- 
tinguishing between  the  books  that  were  "fair" 
and  those  that  were  "poor."  It  was  compara- 
tively easy  to  pick  out  books  which  went  into 
the  "good"  column.  In  general,  we  considered 
as  really  poor  only  those  which  were  unmis- 
takably so.  Those  about  which  there  was  any 
question  went  under  the  "fair"  column. 
Coming  to  facts  derived  from  the  figures: 

1.  There  is  apparently  an  appalling  lack  of 
reading  among  the  children  in  the  country.   Of 
every  thousand  children  in  Sussex  county,  443, 
or  40  per  cent.,  reported  that  they  had  read 
nothing.     In  New  Castle  county,  of  195  chil- 
dren in  16  districts,  35,  or  20  per  cent.,  have 
read   nothing.     It   must   be   remembered   that 
these  figures  include  boys  and  girls  of  16  years 
or  more. 

2.  There  is  a  great  lack  of  reading  matter 
in  the  homes,  so  that  in  many  sections  both 
adults  and   children  have  no  chance  to  read 
good  books.    Of  every  thousand  households  in 
Sussex  county,  526,  or  more  than  50  per  cent., 
report   that   they   own   no    books.      Of    every 
thousand   families,  222,  or  more  than  20  per 
cent,  report  that  they  take  no  papers  or  maga- 
zines  of  any   kind,  not   even  a   weekly   local 
paper. 

If  we  take  the  average  number  of  books 
owned  by  a  family  the  record  is  even  worse, 
for  we  find  less  than  10  per  cent,  of  the  fam- 
ilies reported  owning  more  than  10  books. 
Ten  books  seems  a  very  small  number  for  any 
family  that  is  not  near  a  public  library,  and 
yet  less  than  one  family  out  of  10  owns  that 
number. 


3.  If  we  take  the  quality  of  the  books  owned, 
the  record  is  bad.    130  families  taken  from  16 
districts  in  New  Castle  county  own  a  total  of 
647   books,   of   which   214   were  classified   as 
good,  219  fair,  and  142  poor.     Only  one-third 
of  the  books  could  be  called   good   and   142 
were  actually  poor.    These  last  include  Alger, 
Mary  J.   Holmes,   and   other   authors  on  the 
index. 

4.  The   statistics   of  periodicals   furnish   in- 
teresting data.    That  many  of  the  families  are 
taking  farm  journals  or  the  village  paper,  but 
that  the  children  are  not  coming  into  contact 
with  the  standard  magazines  and  magazines  of 
real  literary  character  is  clear,   for  of  every 
1000  households  investigated  937  families  are 
taking  no  periodical  that  can  be  classed  as  a 
good  literary  magazine.     Of  the  63  families 
who  are  taking  such  magazines,  25  take  the 
Saturday  Evening  Post,  14  take  Cosmopolitan, 
8  Harper's,  7  Everybody's,  5  Review  of  Re- 
views, 3  McClure's,  2  Collier's,  2  American,  I 
Outlook,   i   Scribner's,   I   Munsey's,   etc.     Of 
every  1000  families,  only  195,  or  approximately 
20  per  cent.,  report  that  they  are  taking  any 
kind   of   religious   magazine.     Of   every    1000 
families,  530,  that  is  53  per  cent.,  are  taking 
fashion  or  home  papers,  but  the  Ladies'  Home 
Journal  and   the   Delineator   are   not   among 
them.     Of  every  1000  families,  690,  that  is  69 
per  cent.,  are  taking  a  farm  journal  or  agri- 
cultural paper  of  some  character,  usually  poor. 
Of  every  1000  families  approximately  80  per 
cent,  are  taking  the  weekly  village  paper  that 
is  published  in  the  small  town  nearest  them. 

5.  The    investigation    reveals    the   value    of 
traveling  libraries.    In  a  school  from  which  17 
replies  came,  representing  nine  households,  16 
of  the  children  have  read  books  from  the  trav- 
eling library.    Four  of  those  16  children  have 
never   read   a  book   from   any   other   source. 
Three  of  the  nine  families  own  no  books  what- 
ever, and  yet  the  children   from  those  three 
families  have  read  ten  books  which  they  se- 
cured   from    a    traveling    library.      Those    16 
pupils  have  read  61  books   from  a  traveling 
library. 

In  another  school  19  of  the  29  pupils  have 
read  books  from  a  traveling  library.  Ten  of 
those  19  have  never  read  a  book  from  any 
other  source. 

6.  Whenever  a  teacher  plans  reading  in  con- 
nection with  her  school  work,  it  has  a  marked 
effect  on  the  reading  of  the  children.     In  a 
school  from  which  16  replies  came,  12  of  the 


July,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


391 


pupils  have  done  good  reading,  although  5  of 
the  n  families  own  no  books.  But  the  teacher 
has  planned  well  for  her  pupils  and  they  have 
followed  her  directing. 

In  another  school  where  the  pupils  are  too 
young  to  do  much  reading  the  teacher  reports 
that  she  had  read  to  them  from  Eugene  Field, 
"Folk-lore,"  Longfellow,  "Child's  garden  of 
verse,"  etc.  Unfortunately,  however,  few  of 
the  teachers  have  planned  any  reading,  or  if 
they  have,  it  has  been  of  little  value.  One 
teacher  writes,  "I  am  trying  to  create  an  in- 
terest in  reading  by  reading  stories  from  mag- 
azines and  occasionally  an  Alger  book." 

So  far  the  net  result  of  this  paper  is  to 
show  that  people  in  the  rural  districts  of  Dela- 
ware read  very  little,  because  they  have  little 
to  read.  If  conditions  in  other  states  are  as 
bad  as  they  are  in  Delaware  (and  it  is  prob- 


able that  they  are),  does  not  this  investigation 
prove  that  so  far  the  possibilities  of  develop- 
ing a  love  of  good  books  have  hardly  been 
touched  by  librarians?  The  development  of 
the  library  field  has  been  tremendous  in  cities 
and  towns  in  the  last  twenty-five  years,  but 
there  is  still  plenty  of  room  for  a  tremendous 
development  in  the  country.  Of  course,  this 
particular  problem  of  reaching  those  who  live 
in  the  country  is  largely  one  for  state  library 
commissions  to  solve. 

This  investigation  made  by  the  Delaware 
Commission  is  merely  an  attempt  to  get  at 
basic  facts  which  have  never  been  known. 
With  these  facts  in  hand,  we  do  not  feel  that 
we  are  working  quite  so  much  in  the  dark  as 
we  had  been  doing.  Whatever  plans  are  now 
made  can  be  made  more  intelligently  and  with 
far  greater  chance  of  being  successful. 


LIBRARY  CIRCULATION  AT  LONG  RANGE 
BY  ARTHUR  E.  BOSTWTCK,  Librarian  St.  Louis  Public  Library 


Is  there  still  a  place  for  the  delivery  station 
in  the  scheme  of  distribution  adopted  by  libra- 
^ries,  large  or  small?  This  question  is  perti- 
nent not  so  much  because  the  use  of  the  de- 
liver)' station  is  being  discontinued,  but  be- 
cause of  a  general  feeling  that  any  system  of 
book  distribution  that  does  not  admit  of  seeing 
and  handling  the  books  is  inferior  to  a  system 
in  which  this  is  possible. 

It  will  thus  be  noted  that  the  question  of 
the  delivery  station  pure  and  simple,  as  op- 
posed to  the  deposit  station  and  the  branch — 
a  question  once  hotly  debated — is  at  bottom 
simply  that  of  the  closed  shelf  versus  the  open 
shelf.  The  branch  has  won  out  as  against  the 
delivery  station,  and  the  open  as  against  the 
closed  shelf.  It  will  also  be  noted,  however, 
that  none  but  small  libraries  find  it  good  policy 
to  place  all  their  books  on  open  shelves.  There 
is  and  always  will  be  a  use  for  the  closed  shelf 
in  its  place,  and  the  larger  the  library  the 
more  obvious  does  that  place  become. 

Now  circulation  through  a  delivery  station  is 
nothing  but  long-distance  closed-shelf  issue — 
circulation  in  which  the  distance  between 
charging-desk  and  stack  has  been  greatly  mul- 
tiplied. And  a  legitimate  reason  for  closed- 
shelf  issue  of  this  kind  is  that  it  is  carried  on 
under  conditions  where  open-shelf  issue  is  im- 


possible— about  the  only  excuse  for  the  closed 
shelf  in  any  case.  Now  no  matter  how  many 
books  may  be  in  branches  or  in  deposit  sta- 
tions, it«is  obviously  impossible  for  the  whole 
central  stock  to  be  at  any  one  of  them,  still 
less  to  be  at  all  of  them  at  the  same  time.  And 
there  are  cases  where  it  is  impracticable  to  use 
any  deposit  at  all,  while  delivery  from  the  cen- 
tral library  is  feasible  and  reasonably  satisfac- 
tory. There  will  always  continue  to  be,  there- 
fore, some  circulation  from  a  distant  reservoir 
of  books  that  cannot  be  seen  and  handled  by 
the  reader  for  purposes  of  selection. 

Under  these  circumstances  it  is  interesting 
to  inquire  whether  this 'type  of  service  has  any 
good  points  to  offset  its  obvious  disadvan- 
tages ;  and  it  is  consoling  to  find  that  there  are 
such — not  enough  to  cause  us  to  select  an  un- 
supported delivery  station  deliberately  where  a 
deposit  or  a  branch  would  be  possible,  but 
enough  to  satisfy  us  that  a  delivery  station  is 
worth  while  if  we  can  use  nothing  better  and 
to  induce  us  to  lay  stress,  if  we  can,  on  the 
particular  features  that  make  it  satisfactory. 

For  myself,  after  three  years  in  a  library 
with  a  large  station  system,  following  an  ex- 
perience in  "institutions  where  there  was  noth- 
ing of  the  kind,  I  may  say  that  it  has  grati- 
fied and  surprised  -me  to  find  that  personal 


392 


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[July,  1913 


contact  between  librarian  and  reader  is  pos- 
sible in  such  a  system,  to  almost  the  same  ex- 
tent as  in  an  open-shelf  library,  although  the 
contact  is  of  quite  a  different  quality.  The 
quality  of  the  contact  is  related  to  that  pos- 
sible with  the  open-shelf  precisely  as  mental 
contact  by  letter  writing  is  always  related  to 
that  by  conversation.  It  is  superior,  if  any- 
thing, to  that  usually  obtained  in  short-dis- 
tance, closed-shelf  circulation,  although  pos- 
sibly not  to  that  obtainable  under  ideal  condi- 
tions. 

The  establishment  of  more  or  less  personal 
relations  of  confidence  between  library  assist- 
ant and  reader  takes  longer  and  is  less  com- 
plete when  the  sole  intermediary  is  written 
language.  It  is  always  harder  and  requires 
more  time  to  become  intimate  by  letter  than  by 
personal  intercourse.  In  the  former  case  the 
contact  is  purely  mental,  in  the  latter  it  is 
affected  by  personal  appearance  and  conduct, 
by  facial  expression  and  manner.  All  this  is 
one  of  the  chief  factors  in  the  success  of  the 
open  shelf.  But  the  advantages  are  not  all 
on  the  side  of  the  direct  personal  contact,  as 
the  correspondence  schools  have  been  astute 
enough  to  find  out.  In  the  first  place,  litera 
script  a  manet;  one  may  read  the  same  written 
communication  several  times,  whereas  the  same 
spoken  communication  is  of  and  for  the  mo- 
ment. Then  the  very  fact  that  the  written 
message  is  purely  intellectual  and  has  no  phys- 
ical accompaniments  may  lend  force  to  its  in- 
teMectual  appeal,  when  that  appeal  has  once 
gained  a  foothold.  When  this  is  the  case  the 
writer  may  take  his  time  and  may  plan  his 
campaign  of  influence  more  carefully  than  the 
speaker.  The  effect  of  trivial  circumstances, 
of  unfavorable  personal  elements,  of  momen- 
tary moods,  is  obviated. 

It  may  be,  then,  that  if  personal  relations  be- 
tween librarian  and  reader  can  be  set  up 
through,  the  written  word,  there  may  be  some- 
thing of  this  kind  even  in  long-distance,  closed- 
shelf  circulation.  This  relation  may  be  lack- 
ing, even  when  the  circulation  is  at  short 
range.  It  is  usually  lacking  at  the  closed-shelf 
delivery  desk,  necessarily  so  in  a  rush,  al- 
though at  quieter  times  there  is  no  good 
reason  why  it  should  not  exist.  I  know  that 
it  sometimes  does  exist  under  these  conditions, 
though  a  counter  between  two  human  beings, 
'whether  in  a  store,  an  office  or  a  library,  is 
not  conducive  to  relations  of  confidence.  It 


may  even  be  lacking  in  the  open-shelf  room, 
when  assistants  on  floor  duty  have  not  the 
proper  spirit  and  a  due  conception  of  their 
own  responsibilities  and  opportunities. 

It  may  exist  at  long  range.  But  does  it?  I 
can  answer  for  only  one  library;  but  I  have  no 
reason  to  believe  that  our  experience  is  by 
any  means  exceptional.  Here  are  some  in- 
stances, reported  at  my  request  from  our  own 
Station  Department  by  Miss  Else  Miller,  the 
department  chief: 

(1)  "A  short  time  ago  one  of  the  patrons 
of  Station  27  sent  in  a  slip  asking  to  have  his 
book  renewed,  and  requested  that  we  send  him 
information  on  peace  conferences.     The  latter 
was   duly   sent,   but   through   some  error  the 
renewal    was    overlooked.      Consequently    six 
days  later  an  overdue  postal  was  mailed.   This 
gentleman  is  always  quite  prompt  in  returning 
his  books,  and  evidently  had  never  before  re- 
ceived a  notice.     So  he  was  most  perturbed,, 
and  wrote  us  a  very  long  letter  explaining  the 
mistake.     He  said  that  he  felt  that  the  libra- 
rian  should  know  that  he  was  not  at  fault, 
had   not  broken   the   rules,  and   had   a   clear 
record.    But  in  imparting  this  fact  to  the  libra- 
rian,   he   wanted   it   understood   that   the   as- 
sistant committing  the  error  should  not  in  any 
way  be  punished  for  it,  because  she  had  helped 
him  greatly  in  his  work,  by  sending  the  very 
facts  on  peace  conferences  that  he  was  looking 
for.     He  asked  that  the  assistant  be  praised 
for  her  good  work  rather  than  blamed  for  her 
error. 

(2)  "Celia    R ,    whom    we    have    never 

seen  but  all  feel  well  acquainted   with,  tried 
in  vain   for   some  time  to  borrow  a   certain 
little  volume  of  Eskimo  stories,  but  succeeded 
only  in  getting  substitutes.    About  the  middle 
of  December   she   sent  in  with  her  card  the 
following   request:    'Please  give  me  "Eskimo 
stories,"  because  it  is  Christmas  and  you  never 
send  the  right  book.' 

(3)  "The  cards  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  M ,  of 

Station  54,  come  in  with  a  slip,  'Please  send  a 
novel.'     We  know  that  the  books  must  be  7- 
day   adventure   stories,   and   must   have   pub- 
lishers' binding  and  an  interesting  frontispiece 
or  they  will  come  back  to  us  on  the  next  de- 
livery unread. 

(4)  "At    least    one    of    the    S family's 

cards  is  reported  lost  each  week.     We  imme- 
diately recognize  Mrs.  S 's  voice  when  she 

telephones,  and  ask  whether  it  is  Ralph's  or 


July,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


393 


Walter's  card  that  is  missing  this  time.  In  a 
tone  of  despair  she  probably  says,  'No;  it  is 
Morris's.'  We  promise  to  look  the  matter  up 
thoroughly.  Then  we  do  no  more  about  it. 
After  two  days  we  call  up  and  tell  her  we  are 
very  sorry  we  have  been  unable  to  trace  the 
card.  'Oh,  we've  found  it  here  at  home; 
thank  you  so  much  for  your  trouble,'  she  an- 
swers. 'And,  by  the  way,  we  have  not  been 
able  to  find  Nicholas'  card  all  day.'  So  we 
look  up  Nicholas'  card  in  the  same  way.  No 

S card  was  ever  known  to  be  lost  outside 

of  the  S household. 

(5)  "C39  of  Station  6  has  this  note  clipped 
to  her  reader's  index :  'Give  overdue  notices  to 
Stations   Department.'     We   hold   her   notices 
a  few  days  to  give  the  books  a  chance  to  come 
in,  because  she  uses  a  bi-weekly  station.  Each 
time  that  she  receives   an  overdue  notice,  it 
costs   her   ten   cents   carfare   to  come   to   the 
library  to  investigate,  and  its  costs  the  library  a 
half  hour  of  an  assistant's  time  to  pacify  her. 
Our  new  method  works  beautifully,  and  both 
library  and  reader  find  it  economical. 

(6)  "An  old  gentleman   of   Station   15    (at 
least  we  have  pictured  him  as  old,  for  it  is  a 
trembling  hand  that   writes  the  titles)    for  a 
long  time  sent  in  a  long  list  of  German  novels 
which  we  marked,  'Not  in  catalog.'    We  were 
out  of  printed  German  lists  at  the  time,  so  se- 
lected  a  good   German   novel   and   sent   it  to 
him.     It  was  immediately  returned.     We  tried 
again — in  vain.     Then  again !     We  sent  him 
everything  that  the  average  German  finds  in- 
tensely   interesting.      But    the    books    always 
came  back  to  us  on  the  next  delivery.     One 
day  we  substituted  'ImBusch,'  by  Gerstaecker. 
He  kept  it  two  weeks,  and  then  his  card  came 
in   with  a  list   of   Gerstaecker  novels,   copied 
from  the  title-page  of  'Im  Busch."    He  read  all 
our  Gerstaecker  books  and  then  wanted  more. 
We  wrote  him  that  he  had  read  all  the  books 
of  this  author  and  again  substituted.    Then  a 
fresh  list  of  Gerstaecker  came  in,  and  now  he 
is  reading  all  those  books  a  second  time. 

(7)  "One  of  the   station   men   watches   our 
substitutions  and  looks  over  them  to  get  ideas 
for  his  own  reading.    Once  when  we  had  sub- 
stituted Leroux's  'Mystery  of  the  yellow  room* 
the  station  man  ordered  a  copy  of  that  book 
for  himself,  and  finding  it  interesting  read  all 
the  Leroux  books  in  the  library. 

(8)  "Here  is  a  letter  from  a  youthful  sta- 
tion patron: 


"'Please    send    me    the    III    Grade,    The 
golden  goose  book!    Please  do.    Kisses. 

XXX.'  " 

These  incidents,  which  of  course  might  be 
multiplied  indefinitely,  show  at  least  that  the 
service  rendered  by  a  delivery  station  is  notr 
or  at  any  rate  need  not  be,  a  mere  mechanical 
sending  of  books  in  answer  to  a  written  de- 
mand. 

So  much  for  the  element  of  personal  contact 
and  influence.  Next  let  us  consider  for  a  mo- 
ment that  of  actual  contact  with  the  books 
from  which  selection  can  be  made.  This  of 
course  does  not  take  place  in  any  closed-shelf 
system— least  of  all  in  one  at  long  range.  But 
in  certain  cases  this  contact  is  of  no  special 
advantage.  In  particular,  if  a  reader  wants 
one  definite  book  and  no  other,  he  may  get  it 
as  surely,  or  be  informed  as  reliably  that  he 
cannot  get  it,  and  why,  at  a  delivery  station 
as  at  a  set  of  open  shelves.  The  only  draw- 
back in  "long-range"  work  is  that  the  user 
must  wait  longer  before  he  can  get  his  book, 
provided  it  is  on  the  shelves.  Against  this 
wait  must  be  set  the  time  and  cost  of  a  per- 
sonal visit  to  the  distant  library  building. 

Of  the  "browsing"  contact  there  can  be  none, 
of  course.  This  seems  a  more  serious  matter 
to  me  than  it  would  be  to  those  who  deprecate 
"browsing,"  or  at  any  rate  discourage  it.  But 
there  is  no  question  that  the  alternative  be- 
tween library  and  delivery  station,  if  squarely 
presented,  should  always  be  answered  by  choos- 
ing the  library.  Here  the  alternative  is  be- 
tween the  delivery  station  and  no  use  at  all. 
This  brings  up  another  point: 

May  it  not  be,  in  some  cases,  that  we  really 
are  offering  the  reader  an  alternative  between 
delivery  station  and  library  and  that  through 
indolence  he  takes  the  former?  Doubtless  this 
is  often  the  case,  and  it  should  not  be  so.  The 
location  of  every  delivery  station  should  be 
studied  from  this  standpoint,  and  its  contin- 
uance should  be  made  a  matter  of  serious 
question.  When  all  is  said  and  done,  there 
will  remain  some  stations  where  a  minority 
of  users  would  go  to  the  library  if  the  station 
were  discontinued,  and  would  be  benefited 
thereby  at  the  expense  of  a  little  more  exer- 
tion. The  fact  that  there  are  some  real  ad- 
vantages in  long-range  circulation  should  en- 
able the  librarian,  in  such  a  case,  to  strike 
some  kind  of  a  balance,  satisfy  himself  that 
this  particular  station  is  or  is  not  of  resultant 


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benefit  to  the  community,  and  act  accordingly. 
It  is  also  possible,  in  some  cases,  to  combine 
the  deposit  feature  with  the  delivery  station, 
and  it  goes  without  saying  that  this  should  be 
done,  just  as  the  delivery  feature  should  be 
added  to  every  deposit  and  every  branch, 
where  it  is  feasible. 

Finally,  the  long  rarge  circulation  may  be 
adapted  to  the  use  of  the  busy  by  enabling 
them  to  kill  two  birds  with  one  stone.  Libra- 
ries are  always  trying,  with  doubtful  success, 
to  get  hold  of  persons  who  are  busy  about 
something  else — factory  workers,  shoppers,  and 
so  on.  A  residential  district  is  a  better  place 
for  a  branch  library  than  a  shopping  district, 
although  the  number  of  different  persons  who 
pass  the  door  daily  is  larger  in  the  latter,  be- 
cause there  is  more  leisure  in  the  residence 
street — less  preoccupation  and  bustle.  But  if 
it  is  made  possible  for  the  shopper  to  use  the 
library  with  practically  no  delay,  while  he  is 
shopping,  will  he  not  take  advantage  of  the 
opportunity?  A  recent  experiment  in  the  St. 
Louis  Public  Library  convinces  me  that  he 
will.  We  are  now  operating  a  downtown 
branch  in  the  book  department  of  a  large  de- 
partment store,  and  we  have  an  hourly  mes- 
senger service  between  the  library  and  this 
station.  I  believe  this  is  the  first  time  that 


such  frequent  delivery  service  has  been  tried. 
This  makes  it  possible  to  leave  an  order  at 
the  beginning  of  a  shopping  trip  and  to  find 
the  book  ready  at  the  close  of  the  trip.  The 
interval  would  never  be  much  over  an  hour, 
and  might  be  as  little  as  fifteen  or  twenty 
minutes. 

There  are  two  favorable  factors  here  which 
it  might  be  difficult  to  secure  elsewhere:  The 
shopping  district  here  is  near  enough  to  the 
central  library  to  make  frequent  delivery  pos- 
sible, and  the  management  of  the  store  where 
our  station  is  located  is  broad  enough  to  see 
that  the  possibility  of  borrowing  a  book  free, 
from  the  library,  even  when  presented  as  an 
immediate  alternative  to  the  purchase  of  the 
same  book  from  the  counters  of  the  store,  does 
not,  in  the  long  run,  injure  sales. 

It  is  not  absolutely  necessary,  of  course,  to 
operate  this  scheme  from  a  department  store, 
neither  is  greater  distance  an  absolute  bar  to 
frequent  deliveries.  I  believe  that  this  kind  of 
long-distance  service  is  well  worth  the  atten- 
tion of  librarians. 

And,  in  general,  I  believe  that  a  realization 
that  all  long-distance  service  has  its  good 
points  may  do  good  by  inducing  us  to  dwell 
on  those  points  and  to  try  to  make  them  of 
more  influence  in  our  work. 


THE  RELATION  OF  PUBLIC  AND  COLLEGE  LIBRARIES  * 
BY  JOHN  A.  LOWE,  Librarian,  Williams  College 


PRESIDENT  NICHOLAS  MURRAY  BUTLER  in  his 
"Meaning  of  education"  says:  "If  education 
cannot  be  identified  with  mere  instruction,  what 
is  it?  What  does  the  term  mean?  I  answer, 
it  must  mean  a  gradual  adjustment  to  the  spir- 
itual possessions  of  the  race.  Those  posses- 
sions may  be  variously  classified,  but  they  cer- 
tainly are  at  least  five  fold.  The  child  is  en- 
titled to  his  .scientific  inheritance,  to  his  aesthetic 
inheritance,  to  his  literary  inheritance,  to  his 
institutional  inheritance,  and  to  his  religious 
inheritance.  Without  them  he  cannot  become 
a  truly  educated  or  a  cultivated  man." 

If  we  take  this  as  a  suggestive  definition  of 
education  we  may  affirm  that  the  library  holds 
a  vital  place  in  education.  Its  purpose  is  to 
stimulate  a  love  of  good  reading  and  best 

*  Read  at  a  meeting  of  the  Massachusetts  Library 
Club,  Williams  College,  May  22,  1913. 


books,  to  furnish  facts,  to  reproduce  the  past, 
to  demonstrate  theories,  to  provide  material 
for  the  scholar  in  the  field  of  research,  to 
maintain  high  standards  of  culture  and  intel- 
lectual taste;  indeed  to  aid  in  a  gradual  adjust- 
ment to  spiritual  possessions.  And  this  schol- 
arly aim  is  common  both  to  the  public  and 
college  library.  More  than  this,  the  city  or 
town  institution  is  a  great,  persistent,  con- 
tinuous means  of  education  through  all  the 
ages  of  a  man.  The  school  lays  for  him  found- 
ations, the  college  adds  superstructure,  the 
library  completes  the  whole  of  activity.  The 
school  points  the  beginnings,  the  library  pro- 
claims an  endless  pursuit  of  knowledge.  To 
be  sure,  the  means  employed  for  educational 
development  are  different  in  the  two  types  of 
institutions,  even  as  the  atmosphere  and  situa- 
tion in  which  they  thrive.  The  public  library 


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395 


reaches  a  general  community  and  its  work  is 
consequently  general,  while  the  college  library 
serves  a  restricted  group  and  its  influence  is 
necessarily  intensive.  Not  only  is  it  the  privi- 
lege of  the  college  to  teach  a  student  in  the 
use  of  books  to  meet  his  requirements  in  the 
curriculum,  but  it  is  also  its  duty  to  inspire 
in  him  a  respect  for  them  and  a  love  for  their 
friendship,  so  that  they  may  ever  be  to  him  a 
stimulus  to  broader  culture  and  inspiration  to 
more  noble  living.  We  recognize  that  the 
conception  of  education  which  thinks  of  it  as 
having  only  to  do  with  school  and  college  is 
too  narrow,  that  education  is  in  truth  a  life- 
long process.  It  is  in  later  years  that  the 
graduate  must  build  upon  the  foundation 
gained  within  college  halls  knowledge  and  an 
understanding  of  life,  if  he  is  to  justify  the 
value  of  his  training. 

The  importance  of  the  college  library  as  a 
factor  in  education  is  oftentimes  misjudged. 
It  is  true  that  according  to  its  tradition  and 
its  nature  its  constituency  is  limited.  Its  tra- 
dition makes  it  still  only  a  storehouse  of 
books  seldom  consulted,  and  then  only  by  some 
creature  less  than  a  live,  full-blooded  man. 
Some  college  libraries  still  are  in  that  undis- 
turbed state  of  which  the  story  tells.  On  a 
hot  August  afternoon  in  the  middle  of  vaca- 
tion time  a  professor  opened  the  door  of  a 
university  library  and  entered.  To  allow  some- 
thing of  the  sweetness  and  light  of  the  summer 
sunshine  to  come  in,  he  left  the  door  open 
behind  him.  No  sooner  had  he  taken  a  seat 
than  the  shadowy  figure  of  the  librarian  crept 
silently  to  him  and  a  voice  whispered  in  an 
awsome  tone,  "Professor.  I  think  we  should 
close  the  door.  Some  one  might  come  in." 
But  many  college  libraries  are  breaking  away 
from  this  tradition.  If  there  is  an  institution 
whose  instruction  still  consists  of  the  one 
textbook  plan  of  curriculum  work,  we  may 
believe  that  its  library  is  equally  old-fashioned 
and  its  books  rarely  used  by  the  students  and 
only  occasionally  by  the  faculty. 

It  is  also  true  that  the  field  of  a  college 
library  is  more  or  less  limited  by  its  nature. 
It  t  is  the  property  of  a  private  corporation. 
Essentially  its  collection  is  one  selected  for 
reference  and  with  pedagogic  purposes.  Its 
funds  are  spent  in  gathering  books  which  will 
increase  the  scholarship  of  its  constituency. 
Scholarly  periodicals  and  learned  society  pub- 
lications, rare  books,  unusual  books,  books  for 


thorough  study,  books  for  reference,  these  are 
they  which  make  up  its  collection.  The  pop- 
ular treatise,  the  "best  seller"  demand  little 
consideration,  for  the  circulation  of  books 
per  se  is  not  a  function  of  service. 

But  while  it  has  a  selected  constituency,  the 
public  library,  on  the  other  hand,  exists  for 
the  education  of  all  the  people.  As  Mr.  Well- 
man  has  said:  "Its  functions  may  be  roughly- 
divided  into  two  general  classes.  The  first  of 
these  includes  its  endeavor  to  aid  the  sys- 
tematic reader,  the  worker,  or  the  serious  stu- 
dent. The  second  covers  its  efforts  to  exert 
a  general  educational  influence  in  the  com- 
munity through  the  promotion  of  miscellaneous 
reading."  For  this  service  the  public  librarian 
has  in  these  last  days  made  rapid  development 
in  library  science,  and,  indeed,  it  is  sometimes 
admitted  that  he  has  left  his  collegiate  brother 
far  behind,  quite  content  with  old-fashioned 
methods.  Be  that  as  it  may,  each  has  some- 
thing still  to  teach  the  other,  and  each  a  con- 
tribution of  service  to  make  to  the  other.  The 
aim  of  each  is  the  same.  Why  then  should 
there  not  exist  between  these  two  types  of 
educators  a  hearty  sympathy,  a  more  intimate 
knowledge  of  each  other's  needs  and  an  active 
cooperation  in  meeting  them? 

In  fact,  cooperation  in  this  educative  move- 
ment is  one  of  the  principal  slogans  of  library 
work  to-day.  Among  each  type  it  exists.  Pub- 
lic libraries  assist  one  another  with  their  read- 
ing lists  and  bulletins,  loans  of  collections  of 
art  works  and  of  books,  in  friendly  visits  of 
instruction,  and  in  many  other  ways.  The 
same  thing  is  true  among  those  of  the  col- 
leges. Columbia  recently  gave  over  to  Union 
Theological  Seminary  its  large  collection  of 
books  dealing  with  religious  subjects,  for  the 
reason  that  it  would  find  more  use  there.  The 
state  libraries  and  those  of  the  state  univer- 
sities are  working  through  the  commissions 
in  close  cooperation  with  town  and  city  insti- 
tutions in  helping  to  make  them  more  efficient 
and  of  real  educational  value  to  their  com- 
munities. Agricultural  college  libraries  are 
furnishing  their  neighbors  with  collections  of 
books  and  valuable  material  for  the  help  of 
farmers.  Why  should  there  not  be  a  more 
real  connection  between  college  and  public  li- 
braries in  this  movement?  The  library  of  the 
college  has  a  real  contribution  to  make.  The 
college  recognizes  an  obligation  it  owes  to  the 
commonwealth,  and  so  to  its  citizens  in  gen- 


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eral.  And,  while  it  is  a  private  corporation 
and  has  a  right  to  restrict  the  use  of  its  prop- 
erty, it  accepts  that  statement  of  the  present 
day  doctrine  of  wealth  that  "Ownership  is 
trusteeship."  This  refers  not  only  to  the  pos- 
session of  great  personal  riches,  but  also  to 
the  resources  of  any  kind  in  the  possession  of 
institutions.  Recognizing  the  potential  value  of 
what  is  in  our  college  libraries,  not  only  for 
the  furtherance  of  college  work  but  for  the 
help  and  uplifting  of  the  community  about 
them,  in  our  opinion  colleges  may  well  seek 
for  means  of  establishing  such  relations  as 
will  put  these  resources  in  the  way  of  as  com- 
plete exploitation  as  possible. 

Let  the  college  libraries  supply  professional 
material  to  teachers.  Let  them  furnish  inspir- 
ation and  guidance  to  students.  They  should 
be  a  bond  of  interest  between  the  institution 
and  the  community,  and  might  even  have  close 
relations  with  the  public  schools.  All  this 
means  an  extensive  service  beyond  students  and 
faculty  in  every  town-  which  does  not  support 
a  large  public  library.  It  would  appear  that 
a  very  important  function  of  the  library  of 
the  college  is  to  supplement  some  of  the  re- 
sponsibilities of  that  of  the  towns  nearby  it, 
and  nothing  but  sheer  indifference  and  a  lack 
of  administrative  ability  deters  the  perform- 
ance. Nothing  but  tradition  stands  in  the  way 
of  getting  that  sort  of  public  service  on  a 
business  basis.  Without  doubt  it  is  a  college 
function  in  every  town"  where  it  is  possible. 

If  I  apprehend  the  situation  correctly,  one 
of  the  pressing  needs  of  the  public  library  to- 
day is  to  show  all  its  citizens  its  practical  edu- 
cational value  to  the  community.  Appropria- 
tions have  been  made;  now  a  showing  of  re- 
sults is  demanded.  When  the  summary  is 
drawn  up  does  it  demonstrate  an  undivided 
purpose  of  lifting  the  intellectual  tone  of  the 
community?  We  have!  developed  every  theory 
of  library  science.  We  have  become  technical, 
and  have  produced  a  machine  which  runs 
smoothly  and  quietly.  We  have  produced  end- 
less statistics,  taking  pains  to  show  how  many 
borrowers'  names  are  registered,  how  many 
visitors  come  to  the  library,  the  largest  daily 
circulation,  and  too  the  smallest,  but  what  do 
we  say  of  what  they  take  away  from  the 
library  and  of  its  value  to  them?  Some  of  us 
have  given  detailed  attention  to  the  children. 
Some  of  us  have  issued  teachers'  cards.  Some 
have  answered  the  questions  addressed  to  us 


by  members  of  women's  clubs.  But  what  have 
most  of  us  done  toward  developing  serious 
reference  work  and  organized,  systematic 
study?  To  live  up  to  our  ideals  the  public 
librarian  must  render  her  reference  depart- 
ment more  efficient,  accurate  and  reliable;  she 
must  vitalize  her  work  with  the  teachers  and 
the  schools;  she  might  organize  study  clubs 
among  readers,  if  none  already  exist;  she 
must  prove  to  the  men  who  at  present  vote 
her  appropriations  that  the  library  is  indeed  a 
live,  educational  force  to  all  of  the  community. 
And  for  the  performance  of  a  better  public 
service  she  should  have  the  liberty  to  call  upon 
the  college  for  its  assistance. 

As  you  will  agree  with  me,  the  essential 
thing  in  reference  work  is  the  production  of 
exactly  what  the  inquirer  seeks.  Provided  his 
request  is  reasonable,  any  expenditure  of  time 
and  patience  is  justifiable  because,  if  for  no 
other  reason,  the  usefulness  and  the  reputation 
of  the  library's  efficiency  depends  upon  the 
success  of  the  results  of  that  search.  The 
systematic  reader  and  the  student  are  coming 
more  and  more  every  day  to  test  the  efficiency 
and  value  of  this  reference  work  in  public 
libraries.  The  majority  of  inquirers  are  in 
immediate  need  of  information  on  their  par- 
ticular subject.  Facts,  not  theories,  are  the 
modern  demand  of  clergymen,  lawyers,  engi- 
neers, artists,  newspaper  writers,  city  officials, 
bank  clerks,  bookkeepers  and  artisans  in  the 
various  trades.  The  clergyman  wants  to  know 
of  the  growth  of  certain  western  mission  towns 
in  the  last  twelve  months.  The  lawyer  must 
have  the  text  of  the  report  of  an  investigation 
carried  on  by  Congress  recently.  An  engineer 
desires  to  know  about  the  detail  of  the  con- 
struction of  a  power  dam  on  the  Connecticut 
River.  A  newspaper  man  seeks  the  statement 
of  a  politician  in  a  speech  delivered  in  an  ob- 
scure town  during  a  campaign.  A  city  official 
inquires  about  the  practicability  of  a  municipal 
ice  plant  in  Central  America.  An  artist  wishes 
to  see  a  copy  of  Troyon's  "Evening."  The 
literary  man  is  curious  to  know  the  date  of  all 
the  editions  of  Whitman's  "Leaves  of  grass." 
If  the  material  for  satisfying  these  result^  is 
not  at  hand  why  not  try  the  college  library 
nearest  you  ?  By  the  use  of  the  telephone  and 
of  the  mails  material  may  be  quickly  procured. 

Reference  work  in  public  libraries  shows  a 
large  demand  is  made  for  federal,  state  and 
city  statistical  material.  To  many  librarians 


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397 


government  documents  are  a  snare  and  a  delu- 
sion, if  not  something  of  a  mountain  of  diffi- 
culty when  it  is  a  matter  of  research.  More- 
over, small  town  libraries  rarely  possess  nor 
do  they  have  room  to  store  files  of  federal  and 
state  documents.  But,  on  the  other  hand,  many 
of  the  college  libraries  have  a  fairly  complete 
Congressional  set  and  long  files  of  state  docu- 
ments. If  it  should  be  understood  that  these 
might  be  consulted  by  neighboring  libraries 
some  difficulties  of  search  and  shelf  space  may 
be  overcome. 

When  it  comes  to  matters  of  bibliography 
the  college  library  may  be  of  some  assistance. 
For  example,  in  one  phase  of  this  subject,  in  a 
public  library  the  trade  bibliography  is  usually 
limited  to  the  United  States  Catalogue,  Pub- 
lishers' Weekly,  and  A.  L.  A.  Booklist.  But  a 
college  library  must  maintain  extensive  biblio- 
graphical tools  in  French,  German,  and  English 
printed  books,  and  often  possesses  those  of 
Italian  and  Spanish,  in  addition  to  most  Amer- 
ican aids.  These  are  expensive  and  out  of  the 
question  for  ihe  small  library.  If  some  one 
wishes  a  book  which  you  cannot  trace  and  it  is 
important  to  find  out  about  it,  why  not  send  a 
reply  post-card  to  your  neighbor,  the  college 
librarian,  and  see  if  he  can  trace  it?  One 
very  direct  and  interesting  means  of  instruc- 
tion open  to  the  public  librarian  is  the  work 
with  study  clubs.  If  there  are  no  study  clubs 
in  your  town  consider  the  formation  of  some. 
Include  one  for  the  boys  and  the  girls,  one  for 
teachers,  one  for  literary  workers,  one  for 
industrial  and  professional  men.  If  you  have 
a  "story  hour"  for  children,  why  should  you 
not  have  a  "club  hour"  in  the  library,  where 
all  sorts  of  good  things  might  germinate?  The 
librarian  could  prepare  lists  of  the  most  au- 
thoritative and  choice  books  and  papers  to  be 
read  on  the  subject  of  study  which  the  club 
decides  upon.  She  might  formulate  the  pro- 
gram, and  direct  the  line  and  scope  of  its  re- 
search. In  this  way  the  work  done  could  be 
directed  and  concentrated  on  the  most  im- 
portant things  in  the  field  selected. 

Another  phase  of  educational  office  of  the 
public  library  is  illustrated  by  the  Library  of 
Congress  and  by  several  state  libraries.  The 
librarian  has  in  her  power  the  political  educa- 
tion of  the  legislators  of  her  town  or  city 
government.  This  may  be  boss  rule,  but  why 
should  it  not  be  successfully  exercised?  If 
the  library  were  to  prepare  lists  of  references 


on  subjects  coming  up  for  discussion  before 
the  selectmen,  council  or  aldermen,  and  sent 
them  to  the  chairmen  of  important  commit- 
tees with  an  invitation  to  come  to  the  library 
to  consult  the  data,  the  present  ignorance 
manifest  by  the  vote  on  many  measures  might 
be  banished.  At  any  rate,  the  usefulness  and 
practical  help  of  the  library  would  be  evident 
to  the  town  fathers.  And  here  again  is  a 
place  where  the  public  librarian  might  fall  back 
upon  the  suggested  source  of  assistance.  In 
addition  to  material  in  books,  the  college  libra- 
rian can  call  upon  the  specialists  in  all  the  de- 
partments of  the  college,  and  from  them  gain 
accurate,  authoritative  information. 

When  necessary  for  this  work  of  serious 
study  arrangements  might  be  made  by  which 
the  college  library  could  loan  books  to  the 
public  library.  The  practice  of  inter-library 
loans  becomes  more  general  daily,  and  in  some 
ways  the  college  library  is  in  a  favorable  situa- 
tion to  give  this  aid.  It  is  collegiate  before 
peripatetic,  and,  of  course,  it  is  to  be  under- 
stood that  no  books  can  be  loaned  which  will 
interfere  in  the  slightest  way  with  the  work  of 
the  college  and  its  curriculum.  But  there  are 
long  periods  when  books  are  not  in  "reserve" 
or  likely  to  be  needed  for  class  room  work. 
The  college  spends  much  time  and  money  in 
making  up  collections,  and  thus  is  enabled  to 
offer  on  certain  subjects  books  not  in  a  public 
library  of  twice  its  size.  It  buys  rare  and  un- 
usual books  which  would  not  be  practical  for 
the  public  library.  Again  for  work  in  courses 
it  frequently  buys  a  large  number  of  dupli 
cates  to  be  used  on  the  reserve  book  shelves. 
A  frequent  loaning  of  these  duplicates,  when 
not  actually  in  use,  would  not  interfere  with 
the  work  of  the  college.  If  sufficient  care  and 
foresight  were  exercised  collections  of  books 
on  a  required  subject  for  a  library  might  be 
loaned. 

But  we  have  said  that  the  public  library  liar 
a  contribution  to  make  to  the  college.  Indeed, 
in  so  many  ways  does  it  assist  an  educational 
institution  that  it  would  be  idle  to  try  to 
enumerate  them  all,  but  I  wish  to  point  out  two 
especially  important  things.  The  college  en- 
lists your  interest  toward  giving  definite  in- 
struction in  your  libraries  in  the  use  of  books. 
Men  enter  college  to-day  who  try  to  read  a 
card  catalog  by  turning  the  cards  from  back 
to  front,  and  who  make  no  distinction  in 
meaning  between  an  author,  a  subject,  or  a 


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[July,  1913 


title  card.  Some  men  have  heard  the  name  of 
"Poole's  index,"  but  others,  when  referred  to 
the  "Poole  table  in  the  magazine  room"  ques- 
tion, "what  that  game  has  to  do  with  finding 
an  article  in  a  magazine."  During  the  present 
year  at  Williams,  by  the  courtes3>-  of  the  Eng- 
lish department,  we  were  privileged  to  give 
such  lectures  to  the  freshmen.  We  supple- 
mented them  with  individually  assigned  prac- 
tice work,  covering  each  phase  of  the  instruc- 
tion, which  must  be  performed  in  the  library, 
the  results  written  out  and  submitted  as  a 
regular  requirement  of  the  department.  The 
results  far  surpass  our  most  sanguine  hope, 
in  a  more  systematic  and  sympathetic  use  of 
the  books.  Before  one  of  these  lectures  we 
had  written  a  sample  bibliography  on  the  black- 
board to  show  its  scope,  form,  notation,  etc. 
Just  before  we  began  to  talk  one  earnest  stu- 
dent said  politely  but  triumphantly,  indicating 
the  heading  on  the  board,  "You  have  spelled 
that  word  at  the  top  wrong.  Don't  you  mean 
biography?"  To  my  negative  reply  another 
asked,  "Well,  what  is  the  difference  between 
biography  and  bibliography,  anyhow?"  We 
hope  their  lack  of  information  was  dispelled 
by  the  lecture  and  the  practice  work.  It  is 
highly  important  to  their  best  educational  suc- 
cess that  students  know  how  to  use  books  and 
library  materials  as  tools  scientifically.  The 
lack  of  such  knowledge  causes  the  loss  of 
much  valuable  time.  If  thorough  instruction 
along  this  line  were  given  by  the  librarian  to 
the  students  of  the  high  school,  both  it  and 
the  college  could  do  even  more  advanced  work. 
As  the  collegiate  departments  of  English  ex- 
pect that  entering  men  shall  know  how  to  spell 
correctly,  to  write  a  theme  in  proper  sentence 
structure  and  correct  paragraph  form,  is  it 
too  much  to  expect  that  men  shall  know  how 
to  use  the  books  of  a  library  which  are  to  be 
so  vital  and  important  a  part  of  their  educa- 
tional training? 

But  we  should  also  make  a  plea  for  more 
extended  and  systematic  instruction  among  the 
boys  and  girls  for  whom  there  is  no  college 
future.  Their  university  comprises  the  public 
library,  and  their  training  in  its  use  becomes 
vitally  essential.  Their  more  favored  fellows 
may  receive  something  of  this  in  their  higher 
education,  but  should  this  be  denied  to  those 
whose  schooling  is  limited?  Let  us  urge,  then, 
that  you  show  the  school  teacher  how  to  use 
books  so  that  he  will  be  more  skilful  in  using 


them,  so  that  he  will  learn  how  to  teach  the 
child  to  utilize  this  great  force  when  he  goes 
to  the  library,  to  understand  various  kinds  of 
reference  books,  the  card  catalog  and  the  in- 
dexes, so  that  he  can  find  the  way  himself  to 
learn  to  utilize  books.  Train  children  in 
schools  to  appreciate  what  books  mean,  to  re- 
spect them,  to  use  them  intelligently,  to  ac- 
quire a  taste  for  books  that  will  cause  them  to 
reflect  and  that  will  mould  their  characters. 

And  in  the  second  place  the  college  urges 
that  public  libraries  inspire  scholarly  method 
and  a  love  of  higher  education  and  culture. 
It  appreciates  the  noble  work  you  are  doing 
along  all  lines,  but  with  all  your  giving  give 
wisdom.  Yours  is  the  position  in  which,  with- 
out fear  of  proselyting,  boys  and  girls  may  be 
urged  to  stay  in  school  rather  than  listen  to 
inward  calls  of  their  own  laziness  and  indif- 
ference, or  to  outward  lure  of  commercial 
gain.  More  than  one  boy  has  come  to  know 
the  influence  of  college  life  because  of  the 
constant  presentation  and  inspiration  for  an 
education  received  from  the  librarian  in  his 
home  town.  Among  adults  you  have  a  rare 
chance  to  stimulate  with  scholarly  purpose 
intellects  jaded  with  the  pettiness  of  gossip 
and  misdirected  energy.  Yours  is  the  privi- 
lege of  keeping  aglow  the  spark  of  culture  the 
college  alumnus  lighted  in  undergraduate  days. 
Yours  is  the  pleasure  of  bringing  to  the  busi- 
ness and  professional  man  fresh  inspiration  of 
culture,  new  courage,  and  an  outlook  over 
fields  other  than  those  within  whose  furrows 
he  toils  so  long  and  laboriously.  With  this 
great  service  awaiting  you,  are  you  to  be  con- 
tent with  employing  all  your  energy  in  cata- 
loging and  in  making  of  lists,  important  as 
they  are?  Will  you  be  happy  to  interest  a 
few  children?  Will  you  be  satisfied  with 
merely  counting  the  number  of  volumes  cir- 
culated ? 

In  conclusion,  it  remains  to  be  said  most 
briefly  that  this  cooperative  movement  between 
public  and  college  libraries  will  react  upon  the 
community  only  for  good.  By  it  a  larger  ser- 
vice will  be  rendered  to  the  public.  Further 
opportunities  wrill  be  opened.  And  the  college 
is  warranted  in  taking  part  in  such  a  move- 
ment, for  any  assistance  it  may  be  able  to 
render  will  benefit  itself  by  quickening  it  into 
new  life  to  meet  efficiently  additional  demands. 
When  we  consider  the  vital  importance  to  the 
college  of  anything  that  can  be  done  to  ex- 


July,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


399 


tend  education  and  culture,  we  can  but  be 
convinced  that  any  help  which  can  be  given 
by  it  is  not  only  a  public  benefit,  but  also  has 
a  direct  reaction  on  the  college  itself.  By  this 
cooperative  movement  also  the  incentive  of 
the  public  library  may  go  far  to  improve  the 
intellectual  life  of  the  community  and  to  better 
the  quality  of  secondary  education.  Thus  the 
public  library  is  justified  in  joining  forces 
whereby  it  may  be  aided  to  live  up  to  its  ex- 
alted function  of  an  educator. 

SPECIAL  LIBRARIES 

IN  an  effort  to  collect  and  systematize  in- 
formation about  special  libraries,  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL  has  submitted  the  questionnaire, 
printed  below,  to  one  hundred  and  twenty-two 
special  libraries.  Over  fifty  replies  have  been  re- 
ceived, from  which  a  half  dozen  of  the  more 
interesting  have  been  selected.  Later  it  is 
hoped  that  the  results  of  the  investigation  may 
be  tabulated  and  summarized,  so  as  to  repre- 
sent the  whole  field  of  special  library  work. 
Any  library  which  did  not  receive  the  ques- 
tionnaire is  invited  to  send  in  a  description  of 
its  collection,  as  well  as  the  name  of  any  other 
special  library  of  its  acquaintance. 

QUESTIONNAIRE 

The  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  submits  the  following 
questionnaire  to  a  list  of  special  libraries,  in- 
viting them  to  reply  in  time  to  publish  if  pos- 
sible in  the  July  issue  of  the  JOURNAL  an  ar- 
ticle dealing  with  various  details  of  special 
library  work.  The  data  thus  received  is  to  be 
afterwards  turned  over  to  the  Special  Libra- 
ries Association.  A  copy  of  the  JOURNAL  or 
reprint  of  the  article  will  gladly  be  sent  to 
those  who  cooperate  by  answering  the  ques- 
tions below: 

1.  Please  state  the  name  of  library,  name  of 
librarian,  date  of  beginning,  present  number  of 
books  and  number  of  pamphlets. 

2.  What  is  the  scope  and  special  strength  of 
your  library? 

3.  What    were    the   needs    that    caused    the 
starting  of  your  library  and  what  is  the  trend 
of  questions  that  come  to  it? 

4.  How    far   do   you   aivail   yourself   of  the 
other    library    resources    of   your    community, 
and  have  you  anything  like  cooperation  in  ref- 
erence work? 

5.  What,  if  anything,  do  you  publish  or  have 
you  published  which  may  be  available  for  dis- 
tribution, and  what  are  the  terms  of  distribu- 
tion? 

Your  reply  before  June  15  to  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL,  141  E.  25th  street,  New  York  City, 
would  be  appreciated,  for  which  please  find 
enclosed  addressed  envelope. 

D.  N.  HANDY, 
President  Special  Libraries  Assn. 

R.  R.  BOWKER, 
Editor  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


THE  INSURANCE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION  OF  BOSTON 

1.  The  Insurance    Library    Association    of 
Boston.     D.   N.   Handy,  librarian.     Organized 
and  incorporated  under  laws  of  Massachusetts 
in-  1887.     Books  about  6000.     Pamphlets  about 
3000.      Other    memorabilia,    including    photo- 
graphs, engravings,  early  pamphlets  having  to 
do  with  the  development  of  fire  insurance  and 
fire    protection    engineering    of    considerable 
value. 

2.  Library   devoted   wholly   to   literature   of 
fire  insurance  and  fire  protection  engineering. 
Is  especially  strong  in  literature  of  fire  insur- 
ance,   comprising   practically   everything    pub- 
lished in  English  and  beginning  to  add  for- 
eign publications. 

3.  Library  started  because  of  recognition  on 
the  part  of  two  or  three  individuals  of  value  of 
a  collection  of  technical  literature  for  the  in- 
formation of  practical  fire  underwriters.     Its 
development  has  been  accompanied  by  a  grad- 
ual but  steady  enlargement  of  the  number  of 
those   recognizing  the  need   so  clearly  recog- 
nized by  its  founders.     The  trend  of  questions 
coming  to  it  is  fully  of  a  technical  character. 

4.  At   present   our   principal   use    for    other 
libraries   is   the   access    which   is   given   us   to 
copies  of  proceedings  of  technical  periodicals 
in  which  we  are  interested  only  so  far  as  they 
contain  articles  having  to  do  with  fire  insur- 
ance or  fire  protection  engineering.     We  use 
other  libraries  very  little   for   references.     A 
tacit    understanding   with    several   commercial 
and  highly  specialized  libraries  has  resulted  in 
considerable  practical   cooperation   in   Boston, 
and  in  this  cooperation  we  have  had  consider- 
able part. 

5.  The  association  publishes  quarterly  a  Bul- 
letin, containing  among  other  things  an  index 
of   current   fire  insurance   and    related   litera- 
ture,   which    is    distributed    to    members    and 
others  upon  request.     It  published  in   1900  a 
catalog.     In    1911    it   published    "Lectures   on 
fire  insurance" — the  substance  of  lectures  de- 
livered before  its  evening  classes  in  fire  insur- 
ance which  are  conducted  by  the  association 
from  November  to  May,  inclusive,  in  each  year. 

D.   N.   HANDY,  Librarian. 

STONEJ   &    WEBSTER,   BOSTON 

1.  Stone  &  Webster  Library.     George  Win- 
throp  Lee,  librarian.     About  4000  books  and 
pamphlets,  without  counting  volumes  of  a  se- 
ries ;   700  bound   periodicals   and   serials,   like 
Water  supply  and  Irrigation  papers.     Includ- 
ing volumes  of  various  sets,  like  railroad  com- 
missioners' reports,  encyclopedias,  etc.,  would 
bring  the  total  to  about  6500,  of  which  5500 
are   bound  books   and    icoo  pamphlets.     The 
library  might  be  said  to  have  begun  in  1900. 

2.  The  scope  of  the  library  is  confined  most- 
ly to  books  on  civil,  electrical  and  mechanical 
engineering,  more  especially  electrical,  finance 
and    accounting,    and    general    reference.      Its 
special   strength   is   almost   identical   with   the 
scope,  the  engineering  and  financial  branches 
being  stronger  than  the  general  reference. 


400 


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[July,  1913 


3.  The  library  was  started  in  response  to  the 
various  questions  submitted  by  engineers  of  the 
office,  and  the  trend   of  questions  bear  upon 
work  in  connection  with  public  utilities,  finance, 
construction,  management  and  engineering  in- 
cidental thereto.     We  have  quite  a  large  nunv 
ber  of  questions  pertaining  to  English  gram- 
mar, etc. 

4.  We  avail  ourselves  of  the  other  library 
resources  of  the  community  a  great  deal,  par- 
ticularly the   Public  Library  and  the  Library 
of  the  Boston  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  and 
the  libraries  of  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of 
Technology.     We   have  been   instrumental  in 
establishing  the  Boston  Cooperative  Informa- 
tion   Bureau    and    the    inter-library    reference 
service  recently  established  by  a  special  fund 
in  the  Boston  Public  Library.     Available  for 
distribution  are  the  following  pamphlets :  The 
library  and  the  business  man,  1907 ;  The  library 
and    its    facilities,    supplementing    the    above, 
1911;   Classification   for  periodical  references, 
1912;  Reference  books  as  public  utilities  (some 
well-known    encyclopedias    compared),     1912; 
and  various  pamphlets  in  connection  with  the 
engineering  and  financial  interests  of  the  or- 
ganization are  frequently  sent  from  the  library. 

BUREAU    OF   RAILWAY    ECONOMICS.,    WASHINGTON, 
D.   C. 

1.  The  Library  of  the  Bureau  of  Railway 
Economics  was  begun  Aug.  I,  1910,  and  now 
possesses  approximately  12,000  books  and  pam- 
phlets and  6000  periodical  and  important  news- 
paper articles.    Richard  H.  Johnston,  librarian. 

2.  Its  scope   and   special   strength   are  indi- 
cated by  the  official  title  of  the  organization, 
the  collection  being  restricted  to  literature  per- 
taining to  railway  economics,  or  immediately 
connate,    with    some    few    general    works    of 
reference. 

3.  The  Bureau  of  Railway  Economics   was 
established  by  railways  of  the  United   States 
"for  the  scientific  study  of  transportation  prob- 
lems," and  the  library  is  intended  primarily  to 
assist  in  the  pursuit  of  this  study.    The  library 
accords  the  use  of  its  collection  to  ahy  who 
visit   it  personally  and   answers   questions   in 
correspondence  which  involve  research  or  bib- 
liographical information. 

4.  By  means  of  its  records  of  the  contents 
of   libraries   having    important    collections    of 
railway  material  the  library  of  the  bureau  can 
place  library  resources  at  the  disposal  of  cor- 
respondents in  other  cities.    The  library  keeps 
in  close  touch  with  the  bibliographical  division 
of  the  Library  of  Congress,  and  a  list  of  refer- 
ences on  the  Commerce  Court  was  issued  with 
its  cooperation.     Readers  have  also  been  re- 
ferred to  us  from  the  Library  of  Congress  and 
the  Public  Library.    The  library  also  acts  as  a 
medium  of  exchange  of  railway  duplicates  be- 
tween libraries. 

5.  The  most  important  publication  prepared 
by  the  library  of  the  bureau  is  "Railway  eco- 
nomics, a  collective  catalog  of  books  in  four- 


teen American  libraries,"  obtainable  from  the 
University  of  Chicago  Press.  It  has  also  pre- 
pared and  distributed  generally  a  "List  of 
references  to  literature  pertaining  to  govern- 
ment ownership  of  railways,"  requests  for 
which  have  been  received  from  European  libra- 
ries. 

The  bureau  has  also  prepared  typewritten 
lists,  with  somewhat  limited  distribution,  on 
such  subjects  as  Valuation  of  railways,  the  Full 
crew  laws,  Railway  accidents,  etc. 

STEEL    WORKS    CLUB,   JOLIET,    ILLINOIS 

1.  Steel  Works  Club  Library,  Joliet,  Illinois. 
Maud  A.  Parsons,  librarian.    November,  1899. 
5252  books  and  pamphlets. 

2.  The  object  of  the  library  is  to  supply  the 
employees     of    the    Illinois     Steel    Company, 
American  Steel  &  Wire  Company,  and  the  El- 
gin, Joliet  &  Eastern  Railway  with  books  for 
amusement  and  instruction.    The  technical  side 
of  the  library  is  given  special  attention.   There 
is  an  up-to-date  collection  of  books  relating  to 
the  iron  and  steel  industry  and  railroading. 

3.  The  library  is  a  part  of  the  welfare  work 
of  the    Steel    Corporation,    which    caused   the 
erection,   in    1889,   of  the   Steel  Works   Club, 
the    pioneer    workingmen's    club    in    America. 
Besides  the  library  there  is   a  billiard  room, 
bowling  alley,  gymnasium,  tennis  court,  baths 
and  swimming  pool,  athletic  field,  auditorium 
and    class    rooms,    dance    hall    and    reception 
rooms.    'Questions  of  all  kinds  are  asked,  but 
the  majority  deal  with  mechanics,  metallurgy, 
gas  engines  and  gas  analysis,  and  by-products 
resulting  in  the  manufacture  of  steel  and  coke, 
etc. 

4.  There   are  three  good  libraries  in  Joliet 
besides  our  own.     The  High   School  Library 
is  purely  reference.     The  Public  Library  has 
a  reference  department.     The  state  prison  has 
a  good  library.     Naturally  none  of  these  can 
specialize  as   we  do.     What  we  do  not  have 
ourselves  we  are  usually  able  to  obtain  at  the 
John  Crerar  Library,   Chicago.     For  late  ar- 
ticles we  avail  ourselves  of  the  clipping  bureau 
of  the  Engineering  Magazine,  New  York. 

5.  We  have  published  a  catalog  of  our  books, 
excepting  fiction ;  a  supplement  is  being  printed 
this  summer ;  a  list  of  the  foreign  books  in  the 
library,  which  will  be  revised  this  fall;  occa- 
sional lists   of  books   on   special   topics.     We 
have  also  published  lists  of  additions  to  the 
library  in  our  club  paper,  The  Mixer. 

In  addition,  our  library  is  ki  no  sense  a 
storehouse  for  books.  An  out-of-date  book  is 
scrapped.  The  new  methods  constantly  being 
used  in  modern  steel  plants  make  new  books 
and  many  periodicals  a  necessity  in  the  tech- 
nical department  of  the  library.  In  the  general 
reading  department  we  get  the  latest  and  best 
books  of  fiction,  travel,  etc.,  so  that  club  mem- 
bers may  keep  abreast  of  the  world  outside. 

We  also  provide  books  in  small  numbers  to 
the  foreign  members  unable  to  read  English, 
and  we  have  a  small  section  devoted  to  the 
children's  use. 


July,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


401 


NATIONAL   CARBON  COMPANY,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO 

1.  The  library  of  the  National  Carbon  Com- 
pany   is    part    of    the    Publicity    Department, 
which  was  established  in  1909  to  keep  the  em- 
ployees of  the  company,  its  customers,  and  the 
public  in  general  better  informed  on  National 
Carbon  Company's  products,  and  also  to  sup- 
ply  technical!    information   to    any   one   inter- 
ested.    The  library  is  under  the  direct  charge 
of  B.  Dyer.     We  have  at  present  635  books 
and  pamphlets ;  the  number  of  magazines  sub- 
scribed for,  exclusive  of  house  organs,  is  55- 
The  circulation   of  books,  magazines,  patents 
and  catalogs  amounts  to  about  900  pieces  per 
week. 

2.  The   library   aims    to    have   all   literature 
which  in  any  way  deals  with  the  technology, 
manufacture,  and  use  of  carbon  products  and 
baitteries,  together  with  all  work  on  analytical 
chemistry,  theoretical  chemistry,  theoretical  and 
applied  electricity,  which  directly  or  indirectly 
is  of  interest  to  us  as  manufacturers. 

3.  The  reason  for  starting  this  library  was, 
I   imagine,   the   same   as   that    on   which   any 
special  library  is  built;  that  is,  a  feeling  that 
valuable  information  in  books,  periodicals,  and 
catalogs  was  not  available,  and  that  a  trained 
worker  could  get  necessary  information  much 
more  quickly  than  the  man  who  was  only  going 
to   use   it   and   who   had   little   experience   in 
reading  the  literature  and  in  reference  work. 
The  questions  answered  by  our  library  take 
about  the  same  range  as  those  of  Mr.  Marion, 
of  the  Arthur  D.  Little  Company.     Some  are 
purely  scientific.    Some  deal  with  applied  chem- 
istry and  electricity.    We  are  expected  to  find 
the  manufacturers   of  all   sorts  of  machinery 
and  the  dealers:  and  importers  of  all  sorts  of 
materials,  besides  locating  addresses   and  the 
like. 

4.  We   avail   ourselves   of   other  library  re- 
sources of  the  community  as  much  as  we  can. 
We  find  them,  for  our  purposes,  not  particu- 
larly satisfactory  in  that  there  are  large  gaps 
in  practically  all  of  the  periodical  literature. 

5.  We    publish    weekly    a    six-page    bulletin 
giving  references  from  periodicals,  books  and 
patents  which  have  come  out  during  the  week, 
to  any  article  which  is  in  any  way  of  interest 
to  our  employees.    We  publish,  whenever  nec- 
essary, technical  bulletins  to  keep  our  workers 
thoroughly   up-to-date   with   modern   develop- 
ments.   We  publish  illustrated  abstracts  of  any 
articles  which  are  of  immediate  interest  to  us. 
These  are  distributed  to  practically  every  em- 
ployee   of    the    company   who    shows    himself 
capable  of  reading  them  and  desirous  of  spend- 
ing some  time  on  them.    Besides  that,  we.  pub- 
lish the  regular  advertising  booklets  of  a  tech- 
nical and  semi-technical  nature. 

THE    TOWN    ROOM,   3    JOY    ST.,   BOSTON 

i.  The  Town  Room,  3  Joy  street,  Boston, 
Mass.  Florence  A.  Johnson,  librarian.  1905 
the  Town  Room  was  started.  4000  books,  10,- 
ooo  pamphlets  and  clippings. 


2.  The  scope  of  the  library  is  mainly  along 
sociological  lines,  that  is  in  the  broad  sense  of 
the  word  as  we  are  a  part  of  the  Twentieth 
Century  Club  and  the  Massachusetts  Civic 
League.  The  motto  of  the  Twentieth  Century 
Club  may  well  apply  to  the  Town  Room:  "A 
finer  public  spirit  and  a  better  social  order." 
We  have  practically  all  of  the  best  books  pub- 
lished in  English  relating  to  our  subjects. 
There  is  a  special  strength  in  civic  improve- 
ment, village  life,  city  planning,  government  in 
city,  state  and  country,  housing  problem,  educa- 
tion. The  latter  may  be  divided  into  several 
sections,  as  industrial  education,  vocations; 
then  there  are  many  pamphlets  on  "The  saner  . 
Fourth,"  personal  hygiene,  public  health,  etc. 

.3.  Previous  to  1905  the  Twentieth  Century 
Club  started  a  sociological  library  for  their 
own  club  members,  because  there  seemed  to  be 
a  need  for  such  a  library  in  Boston.  Then  in 
1905  the  Twentieth  Century  Club  moved  into 
a  building  on  3  Joy  street,  the  Massachusetts 
Civic  League  moved  into  4  Joy  street,  and 
the  Town  Room  became  the  joint  library  of 
the  two  organizations.  Right  here  let  me  say 
that  it  is  called  the  Town  Room  because  we 
want  it  to  be  to  all  towns  what  the  town  hall 
was  to  the  New  England  villages.  There  is 
an  excellent  article  about  the  Town  Room  in 
Charities,  Dec.  2,  1905,  vol.  15,  no.  9,  page  289. 
We  have  been  able  to  specialize  on  books  re- 
lating to  sex  hygiene  though  our  shelves  are 
absolutely  open.  Our  readers  are  thought- 
ful, earnest,  serious  investigators;  on  this  sub- 
ject we  have  been  able  to  put  in  many  books 
that  are  often  found  only  in  medical  collec- 
tions. Because  of  the  books  and  our  interest 
in  keeping  records  of  what  different  towns  are 
doing  along  constructive  lines,  we  have  such 
questions  as :  How  can  we  have  an  improve- 
ment society?  What  should  be  the  constitu- 
tion of  such  an  organization?  How  is  interest 
awakened?  What  cities  have  commission  gov- 
ernment? We  want  school  gardens.  Our  city 
wants  to  have  a  playground.  Have  you  found 
it  necessary  to  have  playgrounds  supervised? 
Should  we  pay  the  larger  part  of  the  appro- 
priation toward  the  supervision  or  toward  the 
apparatus?  How  can  we  have  a  "saner 
Fourth"?  What  states  have  the  best  child- 
labor  laws?  What  have  you  on  "clean  up 
days"? — then  all  questions  that  would  bear  on 
sociology  in  a  broad  sense. 

4.  We  have  an  inter-library  loan  with  the 
General  Theological  Library;  then  through  the 
Special  Libraries  Association  there  is  excellent 
cooperation,  and  from  some  of  the  private  col- 
lections the  library  is  able  to  obtain  books.  All 
of  the  libraries  represented  in  the  association 
have  been  most  courteous  in  the  loan  of  their 
material. 

Our  list  of  new  books  and  lists  of  books^  on 
special  subjects  are  published  in  the  Twentieth 
Century  Cub's  Monthly  Bulletin.  Back  num- 
bers of  these  can  generally  be  obtained.  Such 
subject  as  "Pageants"  and  "Sex  hygiene," 
which  have  appeared  in  the  Bulletin,  have  been 


402 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913- 


asked  for  by  many  people.  Then  the  Massa- 
chusetts Civic  League  publishes  pamphlets  from 
time  to  time.  Single  copies  of  these  are  gen- 
erally given  gratis;  in  larger  numbers  5  cents 
each. 

THE  USE  OF  PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS  IN 
A  SMALL  LIBRARY 

THE  object  of  a  public  library,  small  or 
large,  is  to  make  itself  felt  as  a  live  factor 
in  the  community  in  which  it  is  placed.  To 
accomplish  this  far  from  easy,  but  all-impor- 
tant, object,  it  is  necessary  to  face  many 
problems  which  present  themselves  in  grim 
array.  One  of  the  foremost  of  these  prob- 
lems is  undoubtedly  the  question  of  expense. 
Public  documents  is  a  class  of  books  which 
contains  up-to-date  knowledge  obtainable  for 
little  or  no  expense,  knowledge  which  can  be 
made  accessible  to  the  public  in  the  small 
library  with  very  simple  treatment,  involving 
comparatively  little  work. 

The  selection  and  retention  of  public  docu- 
ments in  the  Milton  Public  Library  has  been 
governed  by  two  factors :  first,  what  the  com- 
munity desires  and  needs ;  second,  how  far 
the  actual  use  by  the  community  justifies  the 
work  necessary  to  make  the  material  access- 
ible. The  treatment  divides  itself  into  two 
classes — that  for  documents  whose  use  is 
mainly  from  the  standpoint  of  the  subject, 
and  that  for  those  whose  use  is  from  the  side 
of  the  author. 

The  first  of  these  classes  we  treat  in  the 
same  way  as  we  do  pamphlets,  which  may 
seem  a  very  casual  way  of  handling  such  im- 
portant material,  but  for  us  it  has  worked 
put  very  well.  Our  treatment  of  pamphlets 
is  based  upon  the  suggestions  of  Miss  Brown, 
in  an  article  published  in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 
of  August,  1907,  entitled  "What  to  do  with 
pamphlets." 

Into  this  class,  where  the  subject  is  of 
prime  importance  to  the  borrower,  fall  many 
of  the  state  publications.  The  crop  reports, 
publications  of  the  State  Board  of  Agricul- 
ture, will  serve  as  a  good  example.  These 
reports  we  classify  according  to  the  subject 
treated,  and  place  them  on  the  shelf  with 
others  of  the  same  class.  For  instance,  the 
crop  report  for  July,  1905,  deals  with  bush 
fruits.  To  this  we  give  the  number  634,  add- 
ing pam.  i,  2,  or  3,  as  the  case  may  be,  place 
in  a  box  marked  634,  which  stands  on  the 
shelf  at  the  end  of  books  of  that  class.  A 
card  in  the  catalog  reads : 

Massachusetts.     State  Board  of  Agriculture. 
Crop  reports. 

No.  3,  July,  1905.    Bush  fruits.    634  pam.  i. 
Also  under  the  heading  Fruits,  a  card  reads : 

Fruits. 
See  also  pamphlet  boxes  at  the  end  of  class 

634. 

On  the  inside  of  the  pamphlet  box  is  recorded 
the  simple  title  with  its  pam.  number,  and  in 


the  upper  right-hand  corner,  in  red  ink,  is- 
the  subject  from  which  general  reference  in- 
the  catalog  is  made.  When  a  report  is  with- 
drawn, it  is  necessary  only  to  cross  off  the 
title  from  the  list  on  the  box  and  take  out 
any  reference  cards  from  the  catalog.  Or  in 
the  case  of  substituting  a  revised  edition  for 
an  older  one,  merely  to  insert  the  words  Rev. 
ed.,  with  the  date,  on  the  main  index  card, 
leaving  the  pam.  number  as  before.  In  like 
manner  we  deal  with  the  Facts  for  farmers, 
published  by  the  Massachusetts  Agricultural 
College,  the  annual  reports  of  the  State  For- 
ester, of  the  Commission  on  Industrial  Edu- 
cation, of  the  Metropolitan  Park  Commission, 
and  all  others  whose  subject  is  our  first  con- 
sideration. 

State  and  federal  publications  not  classified 
by  subject  stand  in  an  alcove  marked  Public 
Document  Alcove.  These  are  arranged  ac- 
cording to  author,  with  index  cards  in  the 
catalog,  stating  just  what  the  library  has  and 
where  it  can  be  found.  For  instance,  the  in- 
dex card  for  the  annual  report  of  the  State 
Board  of  Education  would  read : 

Massachusetts.    State  Board  of  Education. 
Annual  report,  i879-date.  Doc.  Alcove, 

This  saves  the  necessity  of  correcting  the  card 
when  the  latest  report  comes  in.  In  this  case 
analytical  would  be  made  for  any  subject 
covered  in  the  report  for  which  we  would  be 
likely  to  have  a  call,  besides  the  general  ref- 
erence from  Education,  etc.  The  same  is  true 
of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  reports, 
State  Board  of  Health,  Charity,  Auditor's  re- 
port, etc. 

Occasionally  it  is  necessary  to  catalog  fully 
a  special  rep'ort,  because  of  its  local  value, 
such  as  the  report  recently  issued  by  the 
Massachusetts  State  Board  of  Health  on  the 
"Sanitary  conditions  of  the  Neponset  mead- 
ows." Often  annotation  on  the  main  card  in 
the  catalog,  giving  an  explanation  of  the  na- 
ture of  reports,  is  of  help  both  to  the  worker 
at  the  desk  and  to  the  public. 

The  monthly  list  of  the  publications  of  the 
State  Experiment  Stations  is  very  valuable  in 
enabling  the  library  to  keep  up  to  date  with 
the  reports  of  experiments  in  the  line  of  agri- 
culture. It  is  astonishing  what  a  wide  range 
of  subjects  is  here  included,  covering  the 
whole  field  of  rural  betterment.  The  Decem- 
ber, 1912,  issue  contained  reports  on  "The 
use  of  dynamite  in  farming,"  "Spraying  ma- 
chinery," and  even  on  the  "Organization  of 
boys'  and  girls'  clubs." 

The  different  bureaus  of  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture  publish  many  bul- 
letins and  ciiculars  which  we  find  of  much 
use.  These  we  index  in  the  same  manner  as 
the  crop  reports,  making  an  index  card  re- 
cording the  number  of  bulletins  received  in 
order  of  date  of  issue,  brief  title,  classifica- 
tion and  pam.  numbers,  and  stating  "For  list 
of  bulletins,  see  following  cards."  The  bulle- 
tins of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology,  which 


July,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


403 


deal  with  the  gypsy  moth  and  the  preventive 
work  against  mosquitoes,  have  been  especially 
called  for  by  our  public.  The  National  Park 
publications  of  the  Department  of  the  In- 
terior, giving  information  on  the  Yellowstone 
National  Park,  the  Hot  Springs  of  Arkansas, 
and  the  Glacier  National  Park,  are  in  constant 
use  as  supplementary  material  to  our  travel 
books.  All  such  publications  we  treat  as 
pamphlets,  from  the  side  of  the  subject. 

The  annual  reports  of  the  Smithsonian  In- 
stitution can  be  used  to  great  advantage,  be- 
cause they  are  Pooled,  and  thus  the  material 
can  be  readily  found.  The  National  Museum 
reports  of  this  institution  are  too  scientific  to 
be  of  use  to  many  but  the  specialist. 

The  object  in  dealing  with  our  public  docu- 
ment material  in  such  a  simple  way  is  two- 
fold: first,  to  make  the  material  ready  for 
circulation  in  as  short  a  time  as  possible  after 
it  has  been  received  at  the  libraiy,  to  prevent 
accumulation,  and  to  enable  the  borrower  to 
obtain  up-to-date  information;  second,  to 
make  use  of  such  material  with  as  little  ex- 
pense and  outlay  of  time  and  work  as  possible. 

Public  documents  are  to  many  small  libra- 
ries a  bugbear.  They  appear  in  such  over- 
whelming numbers  that  it  is  almost  hopeless 
to  attempt  to  keep  them  straightened  out. 
But  if  a  simple  mechanical  system,  suited  to 
the  calls  of  the  library,  can  once  be  worked 
out,  and  a  courageous  stand  taken  to  return  to 
the  Superintendent  of  Documents  material  not 
needed,  there  is  no  reason  why  this  class  of 
books  should  not  be  as  easy  to  handle  as  any 
other.— LUCY  D.  LUARD,  Milton  (Mass.)  Pub- 
lic Library. 

THE  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  IN  COMMIS- 
SION-GOVERNED CITIES 

FEW  of  those  who  advocate  the  commission 
plan  of  city  government  would  say  that  the 
last  word  had  been  uttered  as  to  the  best 
method  of  adjusting  the  various  departments 
under  this  plan  of  government,  or  that  the 
classification  of  the  many  interests  of  a  mu- 
nicipality under  the  existing  departments  is 
wholly  satisfactory.  The  scant  consideration 
that  ^  is  given  the  educational  function  of  the 
municipality,  in  connection  with  municipal 
government  by  a  commission  is  surprising, 
when  we  consider  the  wide  discussion  that 
has  been  given  to  the  general  subject  through- 
out the  country.  The  enlarging  group  of  ed- 
ucational agencies  that  have  developed  in  the 
past  few  years  outside  the  schoolroom,  in- 
cluding museums,  public  libraries,  art  galleries, 
free  lectures  and  amusement  or  recreation 
halls,  calls  for  fuller  consideration  in  connec- 
tion with  the  attempt  to  define  and  classify 
the  many  interests  of  the  city,  as  some  of 
these  are  already  recognized  as  having  a  large 
place  in  the  activities  of  a  municipality. 

The  early  promoters  of  the  commission  plan 
apparently  did  not  realize  that  it  might  prop- 
erly include  educational  interests — not  only 


the  public  schools,  but  so-called  minor  educa- 
tional interests — many  of  them  as  vital  and  as 
far-reaching  in  their  influence  as  the  schools. 
Sufficient  time  has  now  elapsed  to  reveal 
some  of  the  handicaps  that  have  been  placed 
upon  public  libraries  under  the  commission 
plan  by  the  attempt  to  classify  them  in  un- 
related departments  of  the  city — departments 
pertaining  entirely  to  material  affairs.  Clearly 
the  early  plans  for  such  a  form  of  govern- 
ment did  not  contemplate  the  unrelated  and 
irrelevant  grouping  of  these  educational  in- 
terests such  as  has  developed.  Those  who 
have  first-hand  knowledge  of  the  commission 
plan  are  not  inclined  to  condemn  it  because  of 
certain  weaknesses  or  omissions,  when  the 
admirable  work  which  has  been  done  in  rescu- 
ing cities  from  the  perils  of  ward  politics  is 
so  evident;  but  surely  it  becomes  imperative 
that  readjustment  of  some  sort  should  be 
made,  to  correct  the  obvious  omissions  which 
experience  Jias  revealed. 

Those  who  are  engaged  in  public  library 
work,  and  have  had  opportunities  for  direct 
observation  in  connection  with  libraries  in 
commission-governed  cities,  are  convinced  that 
a  continuation  of  the  present  method  of  class- 
ifying public  libraries  in  departments  entirely 
unrelated  and  sometimes  unsympathetic,  is  a 
serious  mistake  that  should  be  corrected,  now 
that  conditions  are  recognized.  The  classifi- 
cation of  the  public  library  under  existing 
departments — such  as  parks,  finance,  or  pub- 
lic safety — is  illogical  and  arbitrary;  and  it  is 
timely  to  consider  the  vital  question  of  the 
relation  of  popular  education  to  the  municipal 
government. 

Some  who  have  written  on  the  subject  have 
urged  that  there  be  a  commissioner  of  educa- 
tion as  one  of  the  elected  officers,  who  shall 
have  the  supervision  of  the  various  educa- 
tional and  semi-educational  interests.  This 
seems  logical,  but  carried  with  this  suggestion 
must  necessarily  be  the  insistence  that  each 
commissioner  shall  be  elected  for  a  specific 
department,  rather  than  elected  as  commis- 
sioners at  large,  with  the  assignment  made 
after  the  election.  A  "hit-or-miss"  selection 
of  a  commissioner  of  education  out  of  the 
group  of  commissioners  elected  would  be  a 
very  uncertain  and  unwise  method  of  selec- 
tion for  so  important  a  department.  Hence, 
in  any  discussion  of  the  question  of  a  depart- 
ment of  education,  there  must  necessarily  be 
the  assumption  that  the  commissioners  are  to 
be  elected  for  specific  departments;  and  this 
is  a  point  regarding  which  there  is  wide  dif- 
ference of  opinion. 

Granted  that  a  commissioner  of  education 
should  be  one  of  the  governing  board  of  the 
city— how  shall  these  special  and  intricate  in- 
terests be  dealt  with  by  one  man?  It  is 
reasonable  that  there  should  be  a  departure 
from  the  "one-man"  idea  of  the  commission 
plan  here,  because  of  the  unusual  problems 
involved  in  education.  If  the  schools  shall 
be  included  as  well  as  the  other  agencies  for 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913 


popular  education  named  above,  the  problem 
is  indeed  a  large  and  difficult  one.  If,  how- 
ever, the  effort  is  in  line  with  the  trend 
toward  a  unit  of  taxation,  it  would  seem 
logical  that  the  schools  should  be  included  in 
such  a  plan ;  certainly  no  one  would  question 
the  necessity  of  an  advisory  school  board,  of 
which  the  commissioner  of  education  would  be 
the  ex-officio  chairman,  and  such  board  would 
elect  the  superintendent  of  schools  and  be 
especially  responsible  for  the  selection  of 
teachers  and  the  educational  side  of  the  prob- 
lem, the  commissioner  giving  personal  atten- 
tion to  the  finances,  buildings,  etc.,  in  addition 
to  his  general  duties  as  a  commissioner. 

The  chief  concern  of  this  article  is  the  pub- 
lic library.  Assuming,  for  the  present,  that 
education  is  recognized  as  a  part  of  the 
municipal  responsibility,  and  that  all  classes 
and  ages  should  have  equality  of  educational 
opportunity  outside  the  classroom,  the  same  rea- 
son would  apply  for  an  advisory  library  board 
as  for  a  school  board,  with  the  commissioner 
of  education  ex-oMcio  chairman.  This  board 
would  deal  with  the  questions  of  library  super- 
vision and  extension,  the  election  of  the  libra- 
rian and  staff,  the  selection  of  books  and 
other  matters  which  are  of  a  sufficiently  spe- 
cial nature  to  call  for  more  careful  attention 
and  fuller  information  than  could  be  expected 
of  one  man,  a  large  part  of  whose  time  would 
necessarily  be  given  to  the  general  interests 
of  the  city,  as  well  as  those  of  his  own  de- 
partment. 

Provision  is  made  in  the  commission  plan 
law,  as  adopted  in  some  of  the  middle  west 
states,  for  the  appointment  of  three  library 
trustees,  among  other  officers  to  be  selected 
by  the  council  at  its  first  regular  meeting 
after  election;  but  the  law  also  states  that 
"the  council  and  its  members  shall  exercise  all 
executive,  legislative  and  judicial  powers  and 
duties  now  had,  possessed  and  exercised"  by 
the  usual  city  officers,  which  are  enumerated, 
including  the  board  of  library  trustees ;  hence 
the  powers  of  such  a  board  are  reduced  to  a 
minimum,  unless  by  legal  decision  the  powers 
given  under  the  general  library  law  of  the 
state  are  authorized.  Furthermore,  the  in- 
definiteness  of  the  law  as  to  the  total  number 
of  library  trustees  and  their  powers  clearly 
indicates  that  the  place  of  the  public  library 
in  the  general  plan  was  not  fully  recognized 
by  those  who  formulated  the  law. 

The  responsibility  of  a  municipality  for  the 
education  and  wholesome  recreation  of  those 
who  are  entirely  outside  the  school  and  the 
classroom  is  rapidly  becoming  recognized.  The 
field  of  the  public  library  is  large  enough  to 
reach  every  inhabitant  of  the  city  or  town 
with  the  free  use  of  books  for  both  inspira- 
tion and  information.  No  municipality  can 
disregard  the  fact  that  well-informed  citizens 
are  a  safeguard  and  a  source  of  strength  to 
the  community,  and  that  the  dissemination  of 
general  intelligence  is  a  necessity.  An  insti- 
tution for  popular  education,  such  as  the  pub- 


lic library,  which  shall  stimulate  the  study  of 
public  questions  and  make  accessible  literature 
on  all  subjects  of  municipal  interest,  is  en- 
titled to  cordial  and  helpful  recognition. 

If,  however,  those  who  are  students  of 
the  commission  plan  of  municipal  government 
doubt  the  wisdom  of  creating  a  department 
of  education,  then  there  seems  no  logical  place 
for  the  public  library,  or  for  education,  as  an 
integral  part  of  the  commission  plan  as  at 
present  constituted. 

Another  phase  of  the  matter  which  should 
not  be  overlooked  is  the  question  of  civil 
service,  as  applied  to  the  public  library.  Civil 
service,  while  not  an  inherent  part  of  the 
commission  plan,  is  usually  incorporated  into 
it,  and  the  merit  system  is  one  which  is  surely 
not  to  be  questioned  in  this  connection.  The 
public  library,  however,  from  the  character 
of  its  work  and  the  necessary  qualifications 
of  its  workers,  both  technically  and  person- 
ally, does  not  belong  in  a  municipal  civil 
service  plan,  any  more  than  do  the  schools. 
Every  library  which  reaches  that  stage  of 
growth  when  a  staff  of  workers  is  necessary 
must  adopt  standards  of  service  and  methods 
of  selecting  workers  who  are  especially  quali- 
fied to  maintain  those  standards.  A  good 
general  education,  wide  knowledge  and  ex- 
tensive reading  of  books,  technical  ability  to 
arrange  and  handle  collections  of  books,  and 
quick  and  ready  sympathy  with  the  needs  and 
requirements  of  those  who  use  books  —  all 
these  are  absolute  requisites ;  and  professional 
standards  have  been  established  by  the  library 
training  schools  during  the  past  twenty-five 
years  and  are  generally  accepted  in  the  library 
world.  An  examination  within  the  library, 
which  tests  applicants  by  these  requirements, 
is  practical  and  feasible,  and  is  used  in  many 
of  the  best  libraries  of  the  country.  This  is 
library  civil  service,  or  internal  civil  service, 
and  should  be  within  the  institution,  thus  ex- 
empting libraries  as  well  as  schools  from  mu- 
nicipal civil  service  examinations,  which,  how- 
ever good  for  selecting  firemen,  policemen, 
etc.,  do  not  apply  to  specialized  educational 
service. 

If,  under  the  commission  plan  of  govern- 
ment, the  public  library,  because  of  its  classi- 
fication under  a  certain  municipal  department, 
must  select  its  workers  from  applicants  passed 
upon  by  the  municipal  civil  service  board,  and 
such  employees  retain  their  positions  under 
the  provisions  of  that  board,  whether  render- 
ing adequate  service  or  not,  as  measured  by 
the  advancing  and  enlightened  standards  of 
twentieth-century  library  work,  then,  indeed,  is 
municipal  civil  service  a  calamity  for  the  future 
of  that  library.  It  would  be  as  reasonable^for 
the  city  hall  to  pass  upon  the  qualifications 
of  the  teachers  in  our  public  schools  as  to  fix 
the  standards  of  service  in  our  public  libraries. 

Possibly  the  logic  of  the  situation  makes  it 
desirable  at  this  time  to  consider  the  question 
from  another  point  of  view,  viz:  Is  education 
a  matter  for  municipal  decision,  or  is  it  not 


July,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


405 


rather  the  larger  subject  of  state  concern? 
Is  not  the  commonwealth  so  vitally  concerned 
in  the  question  of  education  that  the  responsi- 
bility is  that  of  the  state  to  say  when  and 
how  provision  shall  be  made  for  any  phase 
of  public  education?  If  the  interests  of  the 
state  in  education  are  paramount,  it  will  jus- 
tify the  reluctance  felt  by  many  to  the  inclu- 
sion of  the  public  schools  under  the  direct 
municipal  control  of  a  department  of  educa- 
tion. If  we  shall  class  public  libraries,  art  gal- 
leries, museums  and  free  lectures  as  educa- 
tional, the  decision  which  applies  to  schools 
will  with  equal  propriety  apply  to  all  of  these, 
which  are  sometimes  termed  popular  educa- 
tional interests. 

The  public  library  movement  is  taking  on 
such  scope  and  strength  in  the  United  States 
that  it  cannot  be  disregarded  in  dealing  with 
the  question  of  education,  and  cannot  be  set 
aside  as  a  minor  educational  interest.  The 
field  is  so  broad,  the  activities  so  varied  in 
connection  with  the  furnishing  and  distribu- 
tion of  books  to  all  classes  in  a  municipality, 
that  the  American  Library  Association  not 
only  urges  the  recognition  of  the  public  li- 
brary as  an  educational  factor,  but  also  "the 
necessity  for  securing  independence  of  action 
of  the  public  library  as  an  educational  agency 
coordinate  with  the  schools" 

If  independence  of  action  is  to  be  secured, 
it  is  much  more  likely  to  be  obtained  under 
the  provisions  of  a  general  state  law  regard- 
ing libraries  than  by  municipal  action;  and 
the  financial  support  would  be  more  likely  to 
be  adequate  and  stable  if  based  on  a  tax  pro- 
vision of  the  state  law,  which  would  apply  to 
all  of  the  cities  of  the  state,  whether  under 
the  commission  form  or  not.  Such  law  would 
provide  for  a  board  of  library  trustees,  either 
elected  or  appointed  and  with  definite  powers. 
One  of  the  uncertainties  regarding  the  library, 
or  the  school,  or  any  other  educational  inter- 
est, under  the  commission  plan,  would  be  the 
fluctuation  of  the  maintenance  fund,  depend- 
ing largely  upon  the  attitude  of  the  commis- 
sion as  a  whole,  as  to  the  relative  importance 
of  these  interests,  while  under  the  provision 
of  a  state  law  there  would  be  definite  provi- 
sion for  a  tax  which  need  not  fluctuate  and 
which  should  be  reasonably  ample  for  the  de- 
velopment of  such  interests.  The  present 
method  of  an  elected  school  board  which  can 
fix  its  own  tax  levy  has  this  very  obvious  ad- 
vantage, when  we  consider  the  specific  inter- 
est involved. 

The  field  to.be  reached  by  the  free  public  li- 
brary, supported  by  a  municipal  tax,  is  only  lim- 
ited by  the  number  of  people  in  the  community 
who  are  able  to  read,  and  who  know  that  the 
resources  of  the  library  are  at  their  command. 
The  great  task  before  the  American  public 
library  to-day  is  to  lead  the  people  to  realize 
that  the  books  are  there  for  them,  and  that 
there  is  no  interest  or  concern  of  theirs,  but 
may  be  definitely  advanced  and  benefited,  if 
only  they  learn,  by  means  of  the  printed  page, 


the  best  that  has  been  thought  or  said  or  done 
regarding  it. 

Such  information  often  brings  actual  re- 
turns in  dollars  and  cents  to  the  business  man 
and  the  worker,  as  well  as  to  the  community, 
and  the  institution  making  such  information 
available  is  a  paying  investment.  Surely  the 
task  is  no  small  one,  if,  in  addition  to  this, 
the  public  library  lifts  the  toilers  and  the 
burdened  workers,  both  in  the  home  and  in 
the  business  world,  for  a  few  hours  each 
week  or  month,  into  the  realm  of  imagination 
and  aspiration  through  books  of  entertain- 
ment that  take  them  out  of  themselves  and 
into  the  world  of  idealism  and  fancy.  The 
children  are  the  especial  concern  of  the  pub- 
lic library,  and  must  be  given  access  to  the 
books  that  are  fitted  to  the  needs  and  aspira- 
tions of  every  growing  year,  and  which  may 
lead  them  into  higher  and  larger  views  of  life 
and  of  the  responsibilities  of  citizenship. 

With  such  a  field  and  such  an  outlook,  a 
municipality  cannot  afford  to  hamper  this 
democratic  institution  and  classify  it  under 
the  department  of  finances,  or  of  parks,  or 
of  public  safety,  or  of  public  property,  when, 
if  directed  in  a  large  and  sympathetic  man- 
ner, the  possibilities  are  great  for  rendering 
service  to  all  classes  in  the  community. 
ALICE  S.  TYLER, 

Secretary  Iowa  Library  Commission  and 
State  Director  of  Library  Extension. 

— Reprinted  from  the  National  Municipal 
Review  for  April,  1913. 

THE  REMITTANCE  OF  FINES 

THERE  are  current  at  least  four  theories  of 
the  fine  system  for  the  regulation  of  delin- 
quency in  returning  books.  Two  of  these,  the 
fine  as  a  source  of  income,  and  the  fine  as  a 
fee  for  an  extension  of  time,  may  be  dismissed 
briefly.  Whatever  claim  to  consideration  these 
two  theories  may  have  in  proprietary  or  sub- 
scription libraries,  they  clearly  are  not  in 
accord  with  the  spirit  and  purpose  of  the  free 
public  library. 

A  third,  and  a  not  uncommon  conception  of 
the  over-due  book  fine,  is  that  of  a  penalty. 
This  is  fundamentally  erroneous,  first  because 
it  arbitrarily  presumes  a  wrong  motive,  and 
secondly  because  upon  this  presumption  it  ar- 
rogates to  the  library  judicial  powers  which 
properly  belong  to  the  courts.  When  the  de- 
tention of  a  book  becomes  wilful  and  aggra- 
vated to  the  extent  that  a  statute  is  violated, 
as  may  be  the  case  in  this  state  (Massachn 
setts),  it  then  becomes  the  duty  of  the  court 
to  determine  the  penalty  in  accordance  with 
law.  Furthermore,  the  law  does  not  recognize 
any  such  gradation  of  the  offense  as  the  fine 
system  would  seem  to  imply.  The  heinousness 
lies  in  breaking  the  contract  to  return  the 
book  on  or  before  a  certain  date.  The  penalty 
theory  ^magnifies  the  infraction  of  a  business 
regulation  into  a  moral  delinquency,  and  then 
by  a  daily  increase  of  fine  exhibits  "it  as  a  sort 
of  arithmetical  progression  in  depravity. 


406 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913 


The  proper  conception  of  the  over-due  book 
fine  is  that  of  a  business  or  administrative  reg- 
ulation to  insure  a  reasonable  punctuality  in 
the  discharge  of  the  borrower's  contract  to 
return  the  book  on  or  before  a  specified  date. 
This  contract  the  borrower  enters  into  when 
he  signs  his1  application  for  a  borrower's  card. 
That  deliquencies  in  returning  books  on  ytime 
are  due  to  carelessness  and  forget  fulness  must 
be  the  presumption.  Undoubtedly  there  is  oc- 
casional wilful  ignoring  of  the  promise,  but 
such  cases  are  exceptional.  It  is  doubtful  if 
poor  memories  or  careless  habits  are  very 
much  modified  by  any  correctives  the  library 
can  apply,  except  possibly  among  children,  but 
a  need  exists  for  some  kind  of  a  deterrent, 
the  practice  of  imposing  fines,  warranted  by 
tacit  public  consent,  is  the  most  effective 
method  thus  far  devised. 

The  greatest  objection  to  the  fine  system  is 
that,  unless  carefully  regulated,  it  works  un- 
equally, subjecting  the  same  individual  to  vary- 
ing penalties  for  similar  violations,  running 
into  amounts  absurdly  out  of  proportion,  and 
making  what  is  in  effect,  if  not  in  intention,  a 
distinction  between  classes.  Perhaps  there  are 
now  no  libraries  which  do  not  have  a  max- 
imum limit  beyond  which  a  fine  may  not  ac- 
crue, but  in  some  the  practice  of  making  the 
cost  of  the  book  the  limit  of  the  fine  is  still  in 
vogue.  That  this  rule  is  not  equitable,  and  in 
many  cases  is  needlessly  severe  and  out  of 
proportion,  must  be  the  inevitable  conclusion 
when  the  vagaries  of  its  operation  are  consid- 
ered. A  borrower,  absent  from  town  six 
months,  locks  in  his  house  a  reprinted  book  of 
fiction  costing  the  library  45  c.  and  a  Baedeker 
costing  $4.  His  delinquency  is  obviously  the 
same  in  both  cases,  regardless  of  the  value  of 
the  book  to  the  library.  Yet  under  the  rule  he 
suffers  unequally,  and  in  case  of  the  latter 
book  disproportionately.  Such  cases  actually 
do  happen.  A  rule  that  in  numerous  instances 
must  be  relaxed  to  avoid  injustice  is  surely  ill 
suited  to  its  purpose.  The  obvious  remedy  is 
to  make  the  time  element,  rather  than  the 
value  of  the  book,  the  determining  factor.  In 
many  libraries  fourteen  days  has  been  adopted 
as  a  suitable  term  after  which  fines  may  not 
accumulate. 

It  is  the  usual  custom  to  prohibit  the  use  of 
a  borrower's  card  upon  which  an  unpaid  fine 
is  due.  Like  all  rules,  this  one  works  hard- 
ship in  individual  cases.  It  is  a  matter  of 
common  observation  that  the  deterrent  effect 
of  a  fine  is  not  very  marked  with  many  of  the 
well-to-do  class ;  in  fact,  extension  of  time  is 
sometimes  looked  upon  as  a  purchasable  priv- 
ilege. On  the  other  hand,  every  librarian  sees 
with  regret  the  less-favored,  who  have  unfor- 
tunately become  delinquent,  deprived  of  the 
use  of  their  cards  for  long  periods  of  time. 
It  is  quite  common  in  some  of  the  congested 
districts  of  the  larger  cities  to  see  pitifully 
poor  children  paying  fines  in  one  and  two  cent 
instalments.  It  is  thus  impressed  upon  one 
that,  in  circumstances  that  make  a  penny  so 


precious  and  hard  to  obtain,  the  penalty  is  out 
of  proportion  to  a  delinquency,  in  which  the 
ethical  factor  is  slight. 

The  question  is  how  to  ameliorate  the  harsh- 
ness of  this  condition  among  those  who  ad- 
mittedly most  need  the  privileges  of  the  library. 
We  think  of  the  library  as  a  nursery  of  good 
citizenship.  But  if  one  of  our  embryo  citizens, 
forgetful  or  careless  while  yet  an  unfinished 
product,  keeps  his  book  overtime  and  is  too 
poor  to  pay  a  few  cents,  we  forbid  him  to  take 
another.  For  the  sake  of  discipline,  we  argue. 
A  little  discipline  of  the  sort  that  excludes  the 
ones  we  seek  most  to  entice  ought  to  go  a  long 
way.  One  answer  to  the  question  is  to  apply 
the  time  factor  again.  Take  the  next  step. 
Let  the  period  of  prohibition,  like  the  fine,  be 
limited,  and  let  them  expire  together. 

The  foregoing  considerations  when  brought 
to  the  attention  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  led 
to  the  unanimous  adoption  of  the  system  now 
in  force  in  this  library.  Our  fine  of  two  cents 
a  day  ceases  to  accumulate  at  the  end  of  ten 
days,  making  twenty  cents  the  maximum 
amount  that  may  be  charged  on  any  overdue 
book.  In  default  of,  and  until  payment  there- 
of, the  privileges  of  the  card  are  withheld  until 
one  month  has  elapsed.  At  the  end  of  this 
period  the  fine  is  cancelled,  and  the  borrower 
is  restored  to  good  standing.  This  is  held  not 
to  be  unreasonable,  nor  out  of  proportion  to 
the  violation  of  regulation  involved  in  keeping 
a  book  overtime,  when  not  complicated  by  other 
offenses.  For  their  own  good  we  want  our 
borrowers  back  before  other  influences  alienate 
them. 

Of  course  offenses  like  mutilation  or  larceny 
of  books,  involving  moral  turpitude,  are  not  in 
the  province  of  the  fine  system,  but  require  in- 
dividual treatment.  The  best  recommendation 
of  our  system  of  automatic  remission  of  fines 
is  that  it  works  well. 

GEORGE  HILL  EVANS, 
Librarian,  Woburn  Public  Library. 


A   SOCIAL   SERVICE  LIBRARY* 

THE  library  is  maintained  at  the  School  for 
Social  Workers,  18  Somerset  street,  Bos- 
ton, and  is  the  property  of  Simmons  College. 
It  aims  to  serve  all  social  workers,  both  pro- 
fessional and  volunteer,  in  Boston  and  the 
suburbs. 

"A  nucleus  for  the  library  has  been  pro- 
vided by  the  gift  from  the  Boston  Children's 
Aid  Society  of  the  collection  which  it  has  gath- 
ered in  the  past  twenty  years.  That  contains 
upwards  of  25,000  books  and  pamphlets,  con- 
sisting largely  of  sets  of  reports  of  philan- 
thropic agencies  in  the  United  States  and  for- 
eign countries,  but  also  including  many  val- 
uable books  and  single  pamphlets.  It  already 
constitutes  one  of  the  most  important  libraries 
of  this  sort  in  the  country. 

*  From   an   address  by  Miss   Ketcham,   librarian   of 

the    School    for    Social    Workers,    before    the    Special 
Libraries   Association,    Jan.    i,    1913. 


July,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


407 


"The  first  thing  we  had  to  do  was  to  take 
over  the  collection  of  the  25,000,  more  or  less, 
books,  pamphlets,  periodicals  and  reports  (I 
mention  them  in  inverse  order  to  their  number 
and  importance),  which  were  brought  to  us 
from  the  Children's  Aid  Society,  in  200  or 
more  bookcases.  The  sorting  out  and  classify- 
ing, to  say  nothing  of  the  dusting  of  this 
mass  of  material,  has  been  no  small  task,  as 
/the  arrangement  was  somewhat  chaotic.  The 
newer  material  had  been  put  into  the  cases 
without  any  system  at  all,  as  the  Children's 
Aid  Society  had  had  no  one  for  more  than  a 
year  to  look  after  its  library,  and  never  has 
it  had  the  full  time  services  of  any  one.  It  is 
surprising  what  they  had  been  able  to  do  un- 
der these  limitations.  The  scheme  used  in  the 
older  portions  was  a  geographical  one,  with 
an  alphabetical  arrangement  of  600  or  more 
books.  As  a  preliminary,  therefore,  we  had  to 
collect  together  the  reports,  etc.,  which  be- 
longed together,  and  we  frequently  found  them 
in  three  or  four  different  places,  and  then  to 
tie  them  up  with  strong  cord,  this  being  our 
inexpensive  system  of  binding,  so  that  they 
should  not  get  scattered  again. 

"Next  came  the  question  of  what  scheme  of 
classification  to  use,  and  I  finally  decided  upon 
jthe  Library  of  Congress  schedules.  First,  be- 
cause I  was  told  at  the  School  of  Philanthropy 
Library  in  New  York  that  they  had  great  diffi- 
culty in  adapting  even  the  revised  Dewey  deci- 
mal classification  to  their  material,  and  that 
at  that  time  they  thought  they  should  have  to 
give  it  up  altogether;  and  second,  because  I 
was  strongly  advised  to  use  the  Library  of 
Congress  schedules  in  this  special  library  by 
<the  head  of  the  New  York  State  Library,  Mr. 
Wyer,  and  by  the  instructor  in  cataloging  in 
•the  New  York  Public  Library  School.  On  the 
whole,  I  think  these  schemes  have  worked  very 
well,  though  with  all  their  minuteness  I  have 
sometimes  had  to  amplify  them,  particularly  in 
the  philanthropy  sections.  The  index,  espe- 
'Cially  to  the  volume  on  the  social  sciences,  is 
•excellent. 

"After  we  had  succeeded  in  getting  the  Chil- 
dren's Aid  Society  collection  on  the  shelves  in 
something  approaching  correct  order,  we  were 
confronted  with  our  second  piece  of  work, 
which  was  the  acquisition  of  the  5000  or  more 
'books,  pamphlets  and  reports  constituting  the 
Library  of  the  School  for  Social  Workers.  .  . 

"Perhaps  I  could  not  do  better  to  give  you 
an  idea  of  what  the  Social  Service  Library  is 
than  to  summarize  very  briefly  what  it  con- 
<tains. 

"First  in  importance  come,  I  think,  the  re- 
ports, etc.,  of  the  philanthropic  agencies  of 
which  I  have  spoken,  such  as  Proceedings  of 
the  National  conference  of  charities  and  cor- 
rections (one  complete  file  and  a  second  near- 
ly complete  one),  state  conferences,  state 
boards  of  charity  reports,  city  depart- 
ments of  charity  reports,  poor  law  confer- 
ences, reports  of  the  Royal  Commission  on  the 
poor  laws,  and  innumerable  reports  of  asso- 


ciated charities,  children's  aid  societies,  chil- 
dren's homes,  boys'  clubs,  orphan  asylums, 
working  girls'  homes,  social  settlements,  re- 
formatories, prisons,  proceedings  of  the  Amer- 
ican Prison  Association,  institutions  for  the 
deaf,  the  dumb,  the  blind,  the  defective,  a 
good  deal  of  material  on  charity  legislation, 
etc. 

"Second,  we  have  a  fairly  complete  file  of 
Lend  a  Hand,  Chanties  Review,  Chanties 
and  the  Commons,  and  two  files  of  the  Survey; 
complete  file  of  Charity  Organization  Review, 
the  organ  of  the  London  Charity  Organ.  So- 
ciety, a  complete  file  since  1904  of  the  Revue 
P hi lanthro pique  on  French  Charities,  and  we 
are  subscribing  now  for  the  German  publica- 
tions and  for  their  Schriften  des  Deutschen 
Vereins  fur  ArmenpHege  und  Wohithdtigkeit, 
which  corresponds  to  our  National  Conference 
of  Charities  and  Corrections. 

"Third,  on  the  economic  side  there  are  the 
United  States  labor  reports  and  bulletins,  re- 
ports of  state  bureaus  of  labor,  publications 
of  the  American  Economic  Association,  Johns 
Hopkins  University  studies,  annals  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social 
Science,  and  a  good  deal  of  material  on  labor 
legislation,  woman  labor,  child  labor,  strikes, 
lockouts,  welfare  work,  industrial  insurance, 
workingmen's  budgets,  employers'  liability, 
housing,  playgrounds,  etc.  When  we  were 
asked,  a  short  time  ago,  to  make  out  a  bibli- 
ography on  old  age  pensions  we  were  able  to 
muster  six  books,  or  good  sized  parts  of  books, 
nine  United  States  government  reports,  four 
Massachusetts  reports,  seven  from  Great  Brit- 
ain, five  pamphlets,  and  quite  a  number  of 
magazine  articles  on  the  subject. 

"We  have  also  a  good  deal  on  the  subject 
of  eugenics,  including  several  of  the  Eugenics 
Laboratory  lectures,  memoirs  and  Eugenics 
Record  office  bulletins  on  sex  hygiene,  and 
about  fifty  shelves  of  material  on  education 
and  health  matters,  as  the  reports  of  the  U.  S. 
Commissioner  of  Education,  of  state  boards 
of  education,  material  on  industrial  schools, 
vocational  education,  technical  education,  child 
study  and  reports  of  hospitals,  boards  of 
health,  besides  proceedings  of  the  National 
Association  for  the  Study  of  Prevention,  of 
Tuberculosis  and  the  International  Congress 
on  Tuberculosis. 

"We  have  some  material  on  local  govern- 
ment, including  reports  of  the  local  govern- 
ment board  of  Great  Britain,  city  documents 
of  places  in  Massachusetts,  and  some  reports 
on  public  finance,  as  auditor's,  assessor's,  in- 
surance and  bank  commissioners'  reports,  and 
treasurers'  reports  of  various  counties  in  Mas- 
sachusetts. 

"Besides  these  [reports,  which  constitute, 
numerically  and  otherwise,  the  principal  asset 
of  the  collection,  we  have  a  large  number  of 
pamphlets  and  about  1000  books  on  all  sorts 
of  sociological  questions,  including  a  nearly 
complete  set  of  the  Russell  Sage  Foundation 
publications." 


408 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913 


DISTRIBUTION   OF  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY  EXPENDITURES 

THE  following  table  showing  the  distribution  of  university  library  expenditures  was  pre- 
pared under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Johnston,  librarian  of  Columbia  University.  It  is  based 
upon  the  returns  made  to  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Education  in  the  year  1908,  and  includes  the 
libraries  of  institutions  whose  total  expenditure  exceeded  $250,000.  The  table  is  arranged 
in  the  order  followed  in  the  Bureau  of  Education  reports : 


V 

KoS 

V   V 

£   o 

Kg 

2 

2.s 

%£ 

^ 

S'g 

^ 

*J*g 

ill 

P       I 
w£     £ 

1 

0 

Per  cen 
of  total 

**c 

CM  n 

»Jf 

pLl'o   Q, 

1 

5-22 
||| 

California     University  

—  $40,600 

$15,000 

36 

$24,000 

58 

$4,500 

18 

$1,500 

5 

Stanford     University  
Yale     University  

—  36,578 
—  48,946 

12,078 
21,519 

33 
43 

24,000 
22,444 

65 
45 

3,ooo 

12 

2,500 

Northwestern     University  

....  29,358 

6,680 

22 

21,417 

1,698 

7 

1,789 

9 

Illinois    University  

....  51,568 

15,190 

2Q 

34,715 

67 

3,786 

IO 

3,413 

9 

Indiana     University  
Purdue     University  , 

—  11,103 

7,343 

6,775 
3,86o 

61 

S2 

4,178 
3,200 

37 
43 

3,223 

1,000 

77 

300 

1,000 

r 
31 

Iowa  State  College  

5,365 

2,815 

49 

2,400 

Iowa    State    University  

.  .  .  .      11,260 

5,695 

50 

5,190 

46 

2,340 

45 

800 

15 

Kansas    State   University  , 

13,350 

5,150 

38 

8,200 

61 

1,000 

12 

Kansas  State  Agric.   College  

.  .  .  .        6,020 

3,420 

56 

1,960 

32 

375 

19 

U.    S.    I*aval   Academy  

.  .  .  .        9,500 

7,500 

76 

2,000 

21 

411 

20 

489 

24 

Mass.   Institute  of  Technology.. 

10,985 

3,926 

35 

6,756 

61 

Harvard    University  

114,165 

53,0^7 

46 

56,741 

49 

6,068 

ic* 

4,349 

Michigan    University  , 

55,6oi 

21,177 

38 

28,640 

Si 

3,182 

II 

3,846 

13, 

Minnesota    University  , 

Missouri    University  , 
Washington  University  , 
Nebraska    University  

37,931 
....        5,056 
21,687 
10,609 
23,046 

12,050 

5,678 
1,635 
7,76o 

% 

26 
15 
33 

25,891 
1,646 
14,945 
7,584 
14,786 

68 
II 

64 

2,602 
348 
2,649 

IO 
21 
17 
IS 

2,345 
312 
1,395 

9 
19 
9 
9 

Nevada  University  

3,700 

3,200 

86 

Dartmouth  College  , 

14,555 

8,000 

S4 

6,555 

45 

Princeton    University  

41,947 

18,100 

43 

Cornell    University  , 

49,840 

23,120 

46 

25,500 

51 

N.   Y.    City  College  
Columbia     University  

.  .  .  .        4,712 
.  .  .  .      79,650 

2,250 
45,400 

47 

S7 

2,462 
28,000! 

52 
39 

545 
4,000 

22 

14 

187 
4,000 

7 
14 

Syracuse   University  

14,054 

9,055 

64 

4,574 

32 

774 

16 

489 

10- 

.  .  .  .      14,684 

4,684 

11 

10,000 

68 

Cincinnati-    University  

10,843 

4,95i 

45 

5,448 

50 

484 

8 

Ohio    State    University  , 

20,750 

10,250 

49 

10,000 

48 

2,000 

20 

i,  800 

18 

Oberlin     University  

.....      10,66  1 

4,603 

43 

3,843 

36 

560 

14 

694 

18 

Oklahoma     University  , 
Pennsylvania     University  

3,043 
39,954 

1,730 
16,841 

50 

42 

18,450 

38 
46 

280 

21 

33 
2,431 

2 

*3 

Pennsylvania    State    College  

7,8oo 

3,8oo 

48 

4,000 

Brown    University  , 

34,646 

14,450 

5,812* 

46 

1,209 

20 

975 

16 

Clemson   Agric.    College  

.  ...        1,900 

600 

11 

1,200 

60 

150 

12 

150 

12 

Texas    University  , 

12,685 

4,845 

38 

6,910 

54 

1,415 

2O 

810 

ii 

Texas    Agric.    College  ,  , 
Virginia     Polytechnic  
Virginia   University  

739 
2,454 
6,513 

550 
1,150 
2,320 

4^ 
35 

189 
1,192 
2,893* 

| 

189 
361 

16 

12 

243 

20' 

Wisconsin    University  , 

,  .  .  .      50,670 

16,830 

33 

26,240 

1  Including  Teachers    College, 

$31,250.     2  Including  the 

John  Carter 

Brown 

Library, 

$15,982 

.     s  Including 

the    Law   Library,    $4193. 

THE   INTER-LIBRARY    WORKER    AND 
THE  EXHIBIT  OF  NEW  BOOKS* 

BY  G.   W.  LEE 

WHAT  if  we  had  a  center  of  appeal  from 
which  to  obtain  answers  to  questions  of  every 
description,  so  that  if  one  goes  to  New  York, 
or  to  St.  Louis,  or  to  Chicago,  or  to  San  Fran- 
cisco, or  to  London,  or  to  St.  Petersburg,  he 
will  be  sure  of  finding  headquarters  (of  the 
same  title  in  every  city)  from  which  he  can 
best  learn  to  get  his  bearings!  And  what  if 
this  same  center  were  also  the  headquarters 
for  the  inquiries  of  the  citizen  at  home!  And 
what  if  it  were  not  only  the  guide-post  for 
travel,  but  the  clearing-house  of  all  knowl- 

*  Reprinted  from  the  Public  Service  Journal,  May, 


edge !  And  what  if  not  only  a  clearing-house, 
but  an  active  investigator,  so  that  for  a  sub- 
scription or  an  hourly  rate,  one  could  com- 
mand its  reference  and  research  service — mes- 
senger service,  too,  if  you  please! 

To-day  perhaps  the  local  public  library  is  the 
best  information  center  for  most  questions.  I 
should  like,  however,  to  know  of  the  library 
that  will  readily  answer  any  of  the  following 
five: 

1.  The    amount   of   wooden   boxes    used    in 
large  industries  of  the  United  States? 

2.  Who  in  the  neighborhood  has   a  file  of 
Prometheus,  a  German  weekly,  containing  the 
issues  from  1889  to  1897,  inclusive? 

3.  Examples  of  concrete  flumes  not  embedded 
in  earth? 

4.  Average  cost   of  getting  out  mechanical 


July,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


409 


drawings,  on  the  basis  of  square  feet  of  finished 
tracings  ? 

5.  What  is  Australian  bee,  sometimes  called 
California  bee,  sold  for  making  beverages? 

The  above  are  among  the  more  than  thirty 
questions  that  have  been  submitted  to  Miss 
Granger,  who  has  recently  started  in  as  an 
inter-library  reference  worker,  with  headquar- 
ters at  the  Boston  Public  Library,  rendering  a 
service  which  may  prove  the  genesis  of  a  uni- 
versal system  of  appeal.  A  brief  description 
of  her  work  was  given  on  page  293  of  our  issue 
for  April  and  the  first  fourteen  questions 
listed.  If  you  ask  public  library  people  whether 
they  handle  such  questions  as  come  to  Miss 
Granger,  likely  they  will  say,  "Yes,  and  at  the 
rate  of  fifteen  a  day."  If  then  you  ask  them 
whether  they  go  outside  of  their  own  walls 
for  getting  answers,  they  have  to  admit  that 
they  seldom  do — not  that  we  would  accuse 
them  of  remissness,  but  simply  that  the  day 
has  not  arrived  when  it  is  customary  to  expect 
public  libraries  to  scour  the  country  in  order 
to  satisfy  those  who  would  get  something  either 
for  nothing  or  for  charges  based  on  services 
rendered. 

Let  it  not  be  understood  that  the  fund  of 
several  hundred  dollars  which  has  been  raised 
to  initiate  Miss  Granger's  work  is  used  to  give 
a  free  public  service.  The  fund  has  been  raised 
for  a  trial  period  in  the  interests  of  the  Engi- 
neers Club,  the  Boston  Cooperative  Informa- 
tion Bureau,  and  the  direct  contributors  them- 
selves. Plans  are  afoot,  however,  for  contin- 
uing the  service  indefinitely,  with  a  substantial 
backing;  and  if  all  goes  well,  we  are  likely 
soon  to  have  a.  reference  center  which  shall 
take  cognizance  of  resources  of  every  descrip- 
tion for  getting  questions  answered  and  other 
services  performed,  and  shall  be  available  not 
simply  to  an  inner  circle  of  subscribers,  but 
to  all. 

It  is  easy  to  foresee  a  natural  trend  of  the 
work — a  growing  familiarity  with  the  libraries 
of  the  vicinity,  with  the  business  houses  having 
libraries,  with  who's  who  among  experts — in 
short,  a  rapidly  increasing  knowledge  of  the 
best  way  to  get  at  the  manifold  information 
available  in  the  vicinity.  It  would  mean  a 
growing  tendency  for  people  to  register  them- 
selves as  specialists,  anticipating  calls  that  may 
be  made  upon  them  (as  is  already  done  to  a 
limited  extent  by  the  Boston  Cooperative  In- 
formation Bureau).  It  should  mean  an  un- 
derstanding between  the  various  libraries  as  to 
which  should  make  a  specialty  of  collecting 
books  and  periodicals  of  a  certain  class,  leav- 
ing to  others  literature  less  directly  of  interest 
to  themselves;  hence  the  riddance  of  much 
overlapping,  with  the  accompanying  opportunity 
to  spend  money  in  developing  resources  along 
one's  special  line.  For  example,  there  are  at 
least  three,  and  possibly  four,  concerns  almost 
within  a  stone's  throw  of  each  other  in  Boston, 
which  buy  all  the  topographic  maps  that  are 
published.  Perhaps  this  is  not  too  many,  con- 


sidering the  large  use  that  is  made  of  these 
maps;  but  a  registered  knowledge  of  this  fact 
would  enable  one  concern  to  borrow  of  an- 
other where  a  map  is  wanted  in  an  emergency, 
or  where  an  edition  may  be  out  of  print. 

And  does  not  the  Boston  Cooperative  In- 
formation Bureau,  established  more  than  a 
year  ago,  aspire  to  do  all  this?  I  venture  to 
say,  yes,  and  that  Miss  Granger's  service, 
started  particularly  in  the  interest  of  the  En- 
gineers Club,  is  likely  soon  to  show  a  rapid 
stride  forward  in  the  direction  that  the  Bureau 
had  not  at  this  stage  the  courage  to  undertake 
by  itself.  Moreover,  there  are  other  interests 
with  which  we  may  soon  join  forces;  the  or- 
ganization of  the  work  being  in  a  transition 
state  as  this  article  goes  to  press. 

As  to  the  Exhibit  of  New  Books.  Is  there 
not  a  large  collection  of  new  books  at  the 
Public  Library,  each  available  for  inspection 
a  few  weeks,  sometimes  a  few  months?  Yes, 
but  that  collection  does  not  contain  all  the 
books  that  are  published,  or  anything  like  all ; 
and  the  library  will  readily  acknowledge  that 
it  has  not  the  funds  to  buy  nearly  so  many 
books  as  it  would  be  glad  to.  Moreover,  many 
of  these  books  are  already  borrowed  when  one 
wishes  to  see  them.  On  the  other  hand,  there 
are  to  be  seen  at  the  bookstores  new  books 
that  hardly  get  into  the  libraries ;  but  the  book- 
stores do  not  find  it  practicable  to  have  books 
that  are  not  likely  to  be  ready  sellers.  Since 
the  opening  of  the  Engineers  Club,  on  Jan.  25, 
there  has  been  a  weekly  exhibit  of  six  new 
books  from  The  Old  Corner  Book  Store  in  the 
club's  library — a  humble  beginning  of  an  am- 
bitious project.  A  list  of  these  has  been  made, 
both  in  the  order  of  accession,  and,  more  re- 
cently, in  classified  order.  The  majority  of 
the  books  are  of  interest  to  Stone  &  Web- 
ster. Instead,  however,  of  a  little  collection 
of  six  new  books  in  a  private  library,  or  a 
limited  collection  in  a  public  library,  or  a  book- 
store, I  would  see  a  museum  of  hundreds  of 
new  books  and  a  careful  listing  of  the  same. 
Let  them  be  taken  from  the  collection  only  at 
high  rates  of  sale  or  loan;  twice  the  cost  if 
sold,  and  ten  cents  a  day  if  borrowed.  After  a 
stated  period  of  exhibit — possibly  a  year  in 
some  cases — let  each  book  be  auctioned  off,  or 
otherwise  profitably  disposed  of. 


IT  PAYS  TO  READ 

FEW  had  the  habit  of  reading  before  the 
printing  press  was  invented ;  and  yet  there 
were  great  men  before  the  day  of  the  print- 
ing press ! 

If  from  this  you  conclude  that  you  can  be- 
come great  without  the  reading  habit  as  easily 
as  with  it,  then  you  are  in  error. 

Those  who  achieved  greatness  before  the 
day  of  the  printing  press  did  not  live  in  the 
age  of  print.  You  do,  and  so  do  all  your 
rivals.  The  men  who  expressed  great  thoughts 
and  did  notable  deeds  before  the  days  of  print 
lived  up  to  the  fulness  of  their  times.  They 


4io 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913 


used,  in  winning  to  their  greatness,  every  tool 
to  which  they  could  lay  their  hands.  The 
sword,  and  the  spear,  armor,  fire,  all  the  wis- 
dom of  their  fellows  and  all  the  wisdom 
stored  in  manuscripts  —  of  all  these  they 
grasped  the  best  and  used  it  as  their  genius 
directed.  The  same  custom  holds  to-day. 
Your  competitors,  the  best  of  them,  have 
found  that  the  cunning  of  your  common  call- 
ing has  been  put  in  print,  and  this  they  seize 
and  use  as  best  they  can.  While  you  ask  if 
there  can  be  anything  in  books  for  a  man  of 
your  talents,  your  rival  has  found  in  print 
what  suits  his  talents,  and  his  needs  as  well, 
and  has  used  it  and  won. — J.  C.  D.,  in  the 
"Newarker" 

THE    PHOTOSTAT   IN    THE   LEGISLA- 
TIVE  REFERENCE  DEPARTMENT 
OF  THE  CONNECTICUT 

STATE   LIBRARY 

ON  the  first  page  of  the  Legislative  Bulletin, 
issued  during  the  session  of  the  general  as- 
sembly by  the  Connecticut  State  Library, 
appears  this  notice:  "Members  are  reminded 
that  the  special  legislative  reference  depart- 
ment of  the  state  library,  located  in  the  new 
state  library  and  supreme  court  building,  is 
at  their  service.  .  .  Messengers  between  the 
state  capitol  and  state  library  will  be  on  duty 
in  the  corridor  on  the  second  floor  near  the 
house." 

This  new  and  exceedingly  important  branch 
of  the  work  of  the  state  library  has  been 
made  possible  by  the  installation  of  a  photo- 
stat, a  device  equipped  for  the  rapid  photo- 
graphing of  printed  or  written  documents, 
maps,  drawings,  records,  etc.,  directly  upon 
the  surface  of  a  sensitized  paper,  with  the 
image  in  correct  position  instead  of  reversed, 
as  upon  the  ordinary  glass  plate. 

The  photostat  is  in  reality  a  camera  with 
a  bellows  and  a  prism  used  in  connection  with 
the  lens,  to  reverse  the  image  so  that  the 
printed  or  written  page  in  the  finished  print 
will  read  from  left  to  right  as  in  the  original. 
At  the  back  of  the  machine  there  is  a  light- 
tight  magazine  for  holding  a  roll  of  350  feet 
of  sensitized  paper  n^  inches  wide,  with  a 
device  for  automatically  rolling  and  cutting 
off  pieces  the  desired  length.  Developing  and 
fixing  trays  are  also  attached  to  the  rear  of 
the  camera. 

In  front  of  the  machine  is  a  stand  known 
as  the  copy  holder,  with  a  glass  cover,  in 
which  is  placed  the  book,  document  or  record 
being  photographed.  On  either  side  of  the 
copy  holder  is  placed  a  mercury  vapor  lamp, 
which  throws  an  intense  light  on  the  object 
being  photographed. 

The  principal  purpose  of  the  photostat  is  to 
make  an  exact  copy  of  any  bill  submitted  to 
the  legislature,  quickly  and  cheaply.  To  learn 
the  contents  of  these  bills,  it  has  been  neces- 
sary in  the  past  to  find  the  clerk,  and  through 
his  favor  get  access  to  the  desired  bill,  which 


has  caused  no  little  inconvenience  both  to  the 
clerk  and  to  the  public.  During  the  sessions 
of  1909  and  1911  a  successful  effort  was  made 
by  the  state  librarian,  George  S.  Godard,  to 
secure  typewritten  copies  of  the  more  impor- 
tant bills,  and  have  them  accessible  to  the 
public  in  the  state  library.  While  this  was  an 
improvement  over  the  old  method,  it  did  not 
fully  accomplish  the  desired  result.  When 
Mr.  Godard  learned  that  a  machine  had  been 
devised  for  photographing  documents,  he  sug- 
gested the  purchase  of  one  of  these,  with  the 
result  that  it  was  installed  in  December,  with 
everything  in  readiness  for  the  opening  of  the 
general  assembly.  Through  the  courtesy  of 
the  secretary  of  state  and  the  clerks  of  the 
house  and  senate,  opportunity  has  been  given 
to  make  photographs  of  every  bill  after  it  has 
been  calendared  for  the  journal  of  the  general 
assembly.  This  enables  the  state  library  to 
have  a  practically  complete  file  of  the  legisla- 
tion thus  far  introduced. 

The  photostat  was  recommended  by  the 
commission  on  economy  and  efficiency  ap- 
pointed by  former  President  Roosevelt,  for 
use  in  the  various  departments  of  the  United 
States  government.  The  apparatus  is  located 
in  one  of  the  workrooms  on  the  lower  floor 
of  the  state  library,  and  is  enclosed  in  a  heavy 
wire  screen,  with  a  lock  on  the  door,  thus 
providing  absolute  security  and  freedom  from 
injury.  Only  the  attendants  who  make  the 
photographs  are  allowed  to  be  within  the  en- 
closure when  the  photographs  are  being  made. 

The  use  of  the  photostat  is  not  limited  to 
the  mere  copying  of  legislative  bills.  Under 
the  authority  of  Chapter  175  of  the  public 
acts  of  1909,  the  state  librarian  may  have  a 
photograph  made  of  any  original  document 
deposited  in  the  Connecticut  State  Library, 
and  issue  with  it  a  certificate  which  carries 
with  it  the  same  standing  in  the  courts  that 
the  original  document  would  have.  The  use- 
fulness of  this  act  has  been  greatly  increased 
since  the  installation  of  the  photostat. 

The  first  copy  comes  out  of  the  machine 
having  a  dark  brown  surface,  on  which  the 
photographed,  printed  or  written  text  appears 
in  white  letters.  This  copy  is  used  as  a  nega- 
tive, and  from  it  copies  are  made  which  have 
black  letters  on  a  white  background. — (Con- 
densed from  the  Hartford  Daily  Times,  Feb. 
8, 1913.) 


METALLIC  PAPER 

THE  question  of  the  invention  by  Mr.  Edison 
of  a  thin  metal  film,  tough  and  light  enough  to 
be  used  for  paper  in  the  making  of  books  and 
newspapers,  has  come  up  again  with  the  pub- 
lication of  a  letter  on  the  subject  from  the 
inventor  himself  to  F.  P.  Hill,  of  the  Brooklyn 
Public  Library.  The  Literary  Digest  quotes 
the  letter  as  follows: 

"In  the  development  of  my  storage  battery, 
one  of  the  greatest  difficulties  I  encountered 
was  to  provide  a  material  for  insuring  perfect 


July,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


411 


electrical  conductivity  in  the  positive  tube. 
After  a  vast  amount  of  experimenting  I.  con- 
cluded to  use  pure  metallic  nickel  in  exceed- 
ingly fine  flakes.  The  process  for  making  this 
was  developed  after  much  labor  and  thought. 
The  result  was  the  production  of  sheets  of 
metallic  nickel  so  thin  that  200  of  them  are 
only  about  the  thickness  of  an  ordinary  busi- 
ness card. 

"In  this  product  I  saw  a  future  possibility  of 
using  sheets  of  metallic  nickel,  not  quite  so 
thin  as  ours,  for  making  books  that  would  be 
really  permanent.  I  made  a  passing  reference 
to  this  idea  in  talking  one  day  to  a  newspaper 
man,  and  I  presume  the  news  reached  you 
through  that  channel. 

"The  fact  is,  the  extremely  attenuated  sheets 
that  we  use  in  our  work  would  be  entirely  too 
thin  for  use  in  books,  and  to  produce  the 
nickel  sheets  for  the  latter 'purpose  would  in- 
volve a  lot  of  experiment  and  special  apparatus 
before  a  standard  material  could  be  obtained. 
I  am  so  very  busy  that  there  is  no  present  ex- 
pectation of  my  working  on  the  subject,  but  I 
have  no  doubt  it  will  be  done  by  some  one  in 
the  future." 


A  GREAT  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  IN  BUDA- 
PEST 

THE  erection  of  a  great  public  library  in 
Budapest,  the  capital  of  Hungary,  was  an- 
nounced and  described  in  the  issue  of  the 
semimonthly  Nepmnirveles*  that  appeared  on 
Feb.  i,  1911.  The  most  prominent  men  of 
Hungary,  authorities  in  the  science  of  ped- 
agogy and  sociology,  are  taking  a  live  interest 
in  the  matter,  and  are  earnestly  discussing 
how  to  equip  and  manage  the  library  most 
successfully. 

It  is  an  interesting  and  noteworthy  fact 
that  the  criticisms  and  opinions  of  these  ex- 
perts unanimously  condemn  the  existing  con- 
ditions of  the  old-fashioned  public  libraries 
in  Budapest.  The  experts  suggest  that  the 
standardized  methods  of  American  libraries 
be  accepted,  in  their  equipment  as  well  as  in 
their  management. 

The  following  statements  and  comments 
are  taken  from  articles  published  in  the 
Fh&pwwvelcs  in  regard  to  the  important  ques- 
tion. These  statements  are  made  by  men  who 
are  prominent  in  educational  work  and  who 
are  accepted  throughout  Europe  as  authorities 
on  such  matters. 

Mr.  Bela  Kohalmi,  in  his  article,  "Libraries 
and  free  lyceum,"  says:  "America  offers  us 
the  best  examples,  where  the  work  of  coop- 
erative public  libraries  and  tea-ching  starts  in 
the  public  schools  with  the  use  of  their  li- 
brary where  the  cooperation  is  carried  through 
the  whole  line  of  education.  There  the  li- 
brary is  the  center  of  educating  the  people, 
and  every  Carnegie  Library  has  its  lecture 
room." 

*  Education  of  the  people;  edited  by  Stephen  Barcri, 
Edmund  Wildner;  chief  editor,  Edmund  Weszely. 
Budapest,  1911  Feb.  i,  6  annual  course.  2  number. 


Mr.  Frank  Orovai,  in  his  article,  "The  pub- 
lic library  and  the  school,"  says:  "Teachers 
and  librarians  in  America  strive  together  to 
popularize  the  library  and  reading  room  and 
to  stimulate  the  ambition  of  the  younger 
generation  to  visit  these  as  often  as  they  -can* 
It  is  made  a  part  of  the  teacher's  duties  to 
make  his  pupils  familiar  with  this  new  insti- 
tution. The  problem  of  the  practical  solution 
of  the  cooperation  between  the  public  library 
and  the  public  schools  is  very  difficult.  Of 
course,  the  American  libraries  excel  and  show 
the  best  results,  as  the  connection  between 
the  school  and  the  free  public  library  is  most 
practically  effected." 

Mr.  Ladislas  Dienes  gives  some  interesting 
data  and  important  statistics  concerning  the 
libraries  of  the  principal  cities  of  America, 
shewing  that  the  expense  of  borrowing  one 
book  is  ten  times  greater  in  Budapest  than  in 
New  York. 

Mr.  Juul  Basch,  in  his  article  under  the 
title.  "The  library  and  the  public,"  writes: 
"American  libraries  deserve  credit  chiefly  be- 
cause their  work  is  accomplished  by  pleasant, 
good-mannered  people  without  any  special  or 
high-grade  qualification.  The  work  in  the 
library,  with  the  exception  of  one  or  two 
executive  positions,  does  not  seem  to  differ 
from  the  work  in  a  large  bookstore.  Place 
the  right  man  in  the  right  place,"  says  Mr. 
Basch,  "and  let  the  employees  be  selected 
from  the  rank  of  booksclitrs.  It  is  far  more 
important,"  he  points  out,  "to  have  tactful 
gentlemen  of  good  habits  in  the  library  than 
scientific  grouches" 

It  might  be  of  some  interest  to  the  reader 
to  know  that  according  to  the  statistics  of 
1909  the  number  of  books  in  the  public  library 
in  Budapest  was  about  78,000;  the  number  of 
visitors  in  the  library  during  that  year,  4016; 
the  number  of  borrowers,  4063;  the  number 
of  oooks  borrowed,  19,618;  and  the  expenses 
of  the  institution,  42,230  crowns,  or  about 
$8440.  There  are  seven  more  cities  in  Hun- 
gary where  the  numbe-  of  books  in  the  libra- 
ries exceed  10,000. 


THE  LIBRARY  AND  THE  SUNDAY 
SCHOOL 

A  CIRCULAR  issued  by  a  Catholic  benevolent 
legion  of  Baltimore,  and  quoted  in  the  report 
of  the  Enoch  Pratt  Free  Library  for  1912, 
carries  several  suggestions : 

"We  are  living  in  a  reading  age.  One  or 
more  newspapers  per  day  are  read  by  nearly 
all,  and  many  add  an  extra  large  supply  for 
Sunday.  New  books  are  issued  by  the  hun- 
dred daily,  and  of  late  years  great  sums  are 
being  spent  for  the  maintenance  of  public 
libraries,  which  are  mostly  supported  by  gen- 
eral taxation. 

"It  is  the  opinion  of  many  that  Catholics, 
and  especially  our  younger  people,  should  have 
some  guide  to  the  proper  selection  of  their 
reading — not  a  narrow  list,  confined  to  what 
is  known  as  'a  few  best  books,'  but  such  a  list 


4I2 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913 


as  will  leave  room  for  the  almost  infinite  va- 
riety of  taste  and  aim  in  reading,  and  yet 
eliminate  all  that  would  be  harmful  to  religion 
and  morals.  It  is  such  a  guide  we  have  aimed 
to  prepare.  It  comprises  over  5000  volumes, 
mostly  by  Catholic  authors,  and  covers  the 
entire  range  of  the  Pratt  Library  from  fiction 
to  theology. 

"The  Pratt  Library  has  for  years  main- 
tained a  separate  bureau  for  distributing 
books  through  Sunday  schools  and  other  or- 
ganizations, making  only  a  nominal  charge  to 
cover  the  hauling.  We  now  propose  to 
have  the  list  printed  in  catalog  form,  to 
permit  its  use  in  every  parish  school  or 
Sunday  school  in  the  city,  and  to  enable 
us  to  offer  it  at  lowest  possible  price  for 
general  distribution  in  all  Catholic  homes. 
Twelve  years  ago,  Rev.  Father  O'Donovan, 
S.  J.,  prepared  a  similar,  but  smaller  list, 
which  is  now  useless,  and  more  recently  dif- 
ferent societies  in  several  other  cities  have 
had  published  lists  of  Catholic  books  in  public 
libraries,  but  nowhere  else  have  we  heard  of 
the  special  distribution  in  the  Catholic  Sun- 
day schools." 

A    HISTORY     LADDER 

AT  the  public  library  in  Pottsville,  Pa.,  says 
Pennsylvania  Library  Notes,  supplementary 
work  with  the  schools  is  being  greatly  facili- 
tated by  the  use  of  a  display  ladder  in  United 
States  history,  exhibited  in  the  window.  At- 
tached to  each  rung  of  the  ladder  is  a  list  of 
books  dealing  with  various  periods  of  Amer- 
ican history,  and  at  the  top  a  roll  of  honor, 
on  which  are  inscribed  the  names  of  the 
pupils  who  have  climbed  the  ladder  by  read- 
ing all  the  books  on  the  list.  In  addition,  a 
book-mark,  containing  these  titles,  was  dis- 
tributed among  the  pupils  in  the  various 
schools,  and  the  titles  are  checked  as  they  are 
read.  This  has  aroused  competition  in  the 
various  schools  to  make  the  best  record.  The 
children  are  required  to  write  an  essay  on 
the  book  they  like  the  best  after  the  top  of 
the  ladder  has  been  reached.  The  child  world, 
always  wide  awake  to  something  new,  re- 
sponded in  such  numbers  that  an  immediate 
purchase  of  additional  copies  of  the  books 
was  necessary  to  meet  the  demand. 

A    LADDER     OF     HISTORY 

Name    

Begin  at  the  lower  rung  and  read  up.  Ask  the 
librarian  to  check  each  book  as  you  read  it. 

RUNG     V 

Horton — The   frozen  north. 

Pratt — America's  story  for  American  children,  v.   5. 

Revolutionary   stories. 

RUNG    IV 

Drake — On    Plymouth    Rock. 
Pratt — Our   little    Eskimo   cousin. 
Wade— Ten  big  Indians. 

RUNG   III 

Bass — Stories  of  pioneer  life. 

Eggleston— Stories  of  American  life  and  adventure. 

Judd — Wigwam   stories. 

Pratt — America's  story  for  American  children,  v.   3. 


RUNG    II 

Husted — Stories  of  Indian  chieftains. 

Lucia — Stories     of    American     discoverers     for     little 

Americans. 

Pratt — America's  story  for  American  children,  v.  2. 
Stone — Day's  deeds   100  years  ago. 

RUNG  I   . 

Eggleston — Stories  of  great  Americans  for  little  Amer- 
icans. 

Holbrook — Hiawatha  primer. 

Pratt — America's  story  for  American  children,  v.   i. 
Pumphrey — Pilgrim  stories. 


State  Xibrarp  Commissions 

WISCONSIN  FREE  LIBRARY  COMMISSION 

The  Wisconsin  Free  Library  Commission 
enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  engaged,  under 
state  laiw,  in  a  greater  number  of  activities 
than  any  commission  in  the  country.  It  is  the 
only  commission  in  control  of  a  legislative 
reference  department  and  conducting  a  library 
school. 

Itsi  activities  come  under  four  departments; 
one  department  engaged  in  establishing,  or- 
ganizing, and  maintaining  public  libraries, 
one  conducting  the  traveling  library  work  of 
the  state,  one  an  instructional  department,  in- 
cluding the  library  school  of  the  university, 
which  is  still  under  the  control  of  the  com- 
mission, and  the  legislative  reference  depart- 
ment. 

The  commission  helps  establish,  organize  and 
maintain  public  libraries.  If  a  town  is  large 
enough  to  support  a  public  library,  the  com- 
mission begins  by  furnishing  a  traveling  library 
which  costs  the  locality  nothing.  Then  it 
sends  speakers,  puts  articles  in  the  paper, 
writes  letters  and  does  everything  in  its  power 
to  explain  why  a  library  will  help  the  town 
aind  to  line  up  the  citizens  behind  a  movement 
for  a  public  library.  It  advises  and  counsels; 
it  furnishes  lists  of  books  to  be  bought  and 
tells  how  to  buy  them;  it  sends  workers  to 
help  catalog  the  books  and  organize  the  library. 
When  the  town  is  ready  for  a  new  building,  it 
makes  suggestions  as  to  plans,  shows  pictures 
of  buildings  elsewhere,  meets  with  the  library 
board  and  gives  counsel  and  advice.  If  an 
application  is  to  be  made  for  a  Carnegie  gift, 
the  details  are  often  arranged  by  the  commis- 
sion. 

During  the  last  session  of  the  legislature 
and  also  during  the  special  session,  the  legisla- 
tive reference  department  has  as  heretofore 
maintained  a  bill-drafting  force.  While  a  large 
number  of  bills,  the  framing  of  which  re- 
quired comparatively  little  close  study  or  spe- 
cial skill,  were  drawn  under  the  direction  of 
the  legislators,  some  of  the  measures  upon 
which  the  department  was  engaged  were  such 
as  to  require  extended  preliminary  study. 
These  measures  included  the  following :  the 
income  tax  law,  the  corrupt  practices  act,  the 
initiative  and  referendum  provisions,  the  water 
power  law,  the  act  establishing  the  industrial 
commission  and  defining  its  powers,  the  work- 


July,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


413 


men's  compensation  act,  and  the  various  meas- 
ures providing  for  industrial  education. 

In  addition  to  assisting  in  the  preparation  of 
legislation  of  this  type  the  department  has  an- 
other and  no  less  important  function.  By  fur- 
nishing data  and  draftsmanship  for  bills  it  has 
made  it  possible  for  the  legislator  without  legal 
knowledge  to  put  his  ideas  and  convictions 
into  proper  legislative  form;  it  has  furnished 
to  the  laymen  something  of  a  lawyer's  skill  in 
drafting;  it  has  given  the  farmer  and  me- 
chanic a  legislative  equality  with  the  skilled 
lawyer,  and  has  thus  in  many  cases  greatly 
improved  his  ability  to  serve  his  district. 

The  library  school,  though  now  a  depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Wisconsin,  is  still 
under  control  of  the  commission.  The  in- 
structors devote  their  time  when  not  teaching 
to  visitation,  inspection,  and  organization  of 
the  public  libraries  of  the  state. 

The  number  of  graduates  from,  the  library 
school  for  the  various  years  since  it  was  es- 
tablished are  as  follows:  1907,  22;  1908,  19; 
1909,  19;  1910,  26;  1911,  24;  1912,  31.  It  is  a 
peculiarity  of  library  schools  that  they  can 
instruct  and  graduate  only  a  very  limited  num- 
ber of  students,  the  31  graduating  from  the 
library  school  of  the  University  of  Wisconsin 
in  1912  being  a  number  larger  than  was  grad- 
uated in  that  year  from  any  other  library 
school. 

The  traveling  library  department  has  con- 
tinued its  work  of  establishing  traveling  libra- 
ries in  rural  communities  during  the  palst  bi- 
ennial period.  The  table  of  statistics  will  shew 
that  609  communities  were  served,  during  the 
fiscal  year  1911-12,  this  being  a  gain  of  214 
over  the  last  biennial  report.  The  books  were 
read  a  total  of  115,095  times  during  the  fiscal 
year  1911-12.  The  number  of  new  or  resumed 
stations  added  during  the  year  was  179,  a 
healthy  growth.  Over  looo  requests  were  filled 
for  traveling  libraries,  boxes  of  magazines, 
foreign  collections,  study  club  libraries,  small 
groups  for  individual  study,  magazine  refer- 
ences, pamphlets,  etc. 

INDIANA  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  COMMISSION 

The  seventh  biennial  report  summarizes  the 
commission's  work  as  follows: 

In  the  last  two  years  the  Public  Library 
Commission  has : 

Helped  to  establish  26  public  libraries. 

Helped  to  plan  16  library  buildings. 

Helped  to  organize  book  collections  in  25 
libraries. 

Made  312  visits  to  150  towns  and  cities. 

Made  48  addresses  to  public  or  semi-public 
gatherings. 

Distributed  25,392  pamphlets  on  book  selec- 
tion and  library  work. 

Compiled  and  published  8  bulletins,  2  circu- 
lars, 2  booklists,  and  a  report  of  103  pages. 

Prepared  approximately  25  special  lists  on 
request,  varying  from  two  or  three  to  several 
hundred  volumes  in  length. 


Conducted  two  regular  summer  schools  for 
librarians  with  a  total  attendance  of  50. 

Given  a  special  course  on  children's  work 
to  23  people. 

Attended  20  district  library  meetings. 

Attended  8  state  and  national  library  meet- 
ings. 

Lent  to  libraries  for  exhibition  a  collection 
of  100  selected  books  suitable  for  Christmas 
gifts  for  children. 

Secured  free  of  charge  from  publishers  a. 
collection  of  western  pictures  for  exhibition  in 
public  libraries. 

Prepared  exhibits  of  library  work  in  Indiana 
for  Federation  of  Clubs,  State  Conference  of 
Charities  (twice),  Indiana  State  Teachers'  As- 
sociation and  National  Educational  Association. 

Secured  statistical  reports  from  all  Indiana 
libraries. 

Written  personal  letters  to  all  towns  of  2000 
population,  or  more,  without  public  libraries. 

Written  special  letters  to  towns  interested 
in  library  organization  just  before  time  for 
making  tax  levies. 

Written  special  letters  to  county  superin- 
tendents, city  superintendents  and  editors  in 
counties  in  which  there  are  no  public  libraries. 

Helped  library  boards  to  fill  20  positions. 

Helped  to  draft  desirable  library  bills  and 
to  have  them  passed. 

At  the  request  of  the  Indiana  Library  Trus- 
tees' Association,  assisted  in  preparation  of 
library  law,  which  is  meant  to  reorganize  all 
public  libraries  in  Indiana  under  a  uniform 
plan. 

Assisted  in  the  organization  of  Library  Sec- 
tion of  the  Indiana  State  Teachers'  Associa- 
tion. 

Cooperated  with  Library  extension  commit- 
tee of  Indiana  Federation  of  Clubs. 

Provided  a  lecturer  on  Children's  literature 
and  The  use  of  books  in  school  work,  for 
county  teachers'  institutes. 

Prepared  circulars  on  Choosing  a  librarian 
and  How  to  establish  a  public  library. 

Bought  2177  books  for  traveling  library. 

Circulated  1631  collections  to  320  associa- 
tions. 

Circulated  60,171  volumes. 

Prepared  21  outlines  for  clubs. 

Helped  to  create  a  demand  for  trained  ser- 
vice until  now  there  are  58  librarians  in  the 
state  who  have  had  one  or  more  years'  training 
in  a  regular  library  school;  and  there  are  95 
librarians  who  have  had  training  in  a  summer 
library  school. 

The  traveling  library  is  an  illustration  of 
the  fact  that  the  trend  of  the  times  is  toward 
better  service  to  more  people.  The  9566  vol- 
umes in  the  traveling  library  belong  primarily 
to  the  people  who  live  on  farms  or  in  little 
country  towns,  and  most  of  the  circulation  is 
to  clubs,  societies,  reading  circles  and  schools 
in  such  communities.  There  is  coming  to  be  a 
very  considerable  demand  also  from  new  small 
public  libraries,  several  of  which  are  estab- 


414 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913 


lished  each  year  in  the  little  towns  of  the  state. 
In  the  beginning,  these  libraries  have  very  few 
books,  and  they  are  greatly  benefited  by  a  loan 
of  a  few  volumes  from  the  commission.  How- 
ever, as  soon  as  the  local  tax  support  is  avail- 
able, or,  perhaps  after  it  has  been  available 
for  a  year  or  two,  the  library  is  able  to  take 
care  of  itself  and  is  no  longer  dependent  on 
the  Traveling  Library  Department.  Thus  the 
department  not  only  supplies  books  to  people 
who  want  them,  but,  in  so  doing  helps  in  the 
establishment  of  local  libraries.  The  circula- 
tion from  the  office  of  the  traveling  library 
books  during  the  last  two  years  was  60,171. 
The  circulation  to  readers  (for  which  no  ac- 
curate figures  can  be  secured  because  of  the 
conditions  under  which  the  station  libraries 
work)  was  probably  not  less  than  300,000  vol- 
umes. Three  hundred  twenty  (320)  different 
organizations  were  served,  each  organization 
averaging  three  or  more  boxes  of  books  a 
year,  ^making  in  all  1261  requests  filled  in  the 
biennium. 

Many  Indiana  libraries  have  established  tech- 
nical and  professional  collections,  and  some 
have  gone  so  far  as  to  open  special  depart- 
ments with  special  attendants  in  chairge. 

The  commission  has  attempted  to  make  the 
public  realize  the  scope  and  importance  of  the 
work  with  children.  A  great  handicap,  to  the 
development  of  children's  work  in  the  public 
libraries  of  our  state  is  lack  of  children's  libra- 
rians. Only  9  libraries  employ  special  libra- 
rians for  the  children's  room  and  only  i  li- 
brary employs  librarians  thoroughly  trained  for 
this  work.  Nevertheless,  many  librarians  find 
time  to  conduct  story  hours,  manage  boys' 
and  girls'  clubs,  and  do  special  work  for  the 
public  schools.  But  the  best  results  come  from 
the  Fort  Wayne  Public  Library,  which  has  the 
trained  service.  Their  last  annual  report  from 
the  children's  room  shows  an  increase  of  2630 
in  attendance,  an  increase  of  320  in  registra- 
tions and  an  increase  of  12,319  in  circulation. 
One  hundred  twelve  school  visits  were  made, 
and  1091  children  attended  the  story  hours. 
Ten  deposit  stations  were  maintained,  and  the 
3058  books  placed  in  these  show  a  circulation 
of  14,955,  the  fiction  circulated  being  only  31%. 

While  the  Public  Library  Commission  of 
Indiana  has  not  special  funds  at  its  disposal 
for  the  care  of  libraries  at  state  institutions, 
it  acts  in  an  advisory  capacity  in  matters  of 
administration  and  book  selection,  renders  di- 
rect aid  in  organizing  new  libraries  and  in 
reorganizing  such  libraries  as  already  exist 
and  in  giving  instruction  to  persons  in  charge. 
During  the  last  biennium,  ten  institution  libra- 
ries have  been  visited  and  twenty-four  visits 
have  been  made.  Special  booklists  for  over 
$2000  worth  of  books  have  been  compiled  for 
various  institutions,  and  printed  aids  in  book 
selection,  such  as  the  A.  L.  A.  Booklist  atad 
suggestive  lists  of  children's  books  have  been 
sent  in  response  to  requests.  The  general  and 
medical  libraries  at  Longcliff,  the  Northern 
Hospital  for  the  Insane,  the  general  library  at 


the  Woman's  Prison,  and  the  school  library 
at  the  Indiana  School  for  the  Deaf  have  been 
reorganized.  At  each  institution  the  Dewey 
Decimal  classification  has  been  used,  and  the 
Newark  charging  system  has  been  introduced, 
A  new  library  has  been  established  at  the 
Tuberculosis  Hospital,  Rockville.  Two  library 
exhibits  have  been  prepared  for  the  Indiana 
State  Conference  of  Charities  and  Correction. 
The  first  exhibit  showed  the  extent  and  pur- 
pose of  the  commission  work  in  encouraging 
the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  public 
libraries  and  in  sending  traveling  libraries  to 
rural  communities.  The  second  exhibit,  served 
a  better  purpose,  being  based  on  the  general 
subjects  of  the  use  of  libraries  in  state  insti- 
tutions, and  the  power  of  books  to  prevent 
delinquency. 

Of  the  1,443,099  people  who  live  in  cities 
and  incorporated  towns  in  Indiana,  1,005,007 
have  library  service  from  a  locally  supported 
and  locally  controlled  public  library  or  from 
the  traveling  library.  Of  the  1,257,777  people 
who  live  outside  of  incorporated  towns  and 
cities,  only  ^  106,965  have  public  or  traveling 
library  service. 

From  many  rural  library  experiments,  In- 
diana has  evolved  its  own  plan,  which  includes : 

1.  Laws  providing  for  the  cooperative  main- 
tenance by  taxation  of  libraries   in   cities  or 
towns  and  townships — one  central  library,  sup- 
ported and  controlled  by  city  or  town  and  by 
one  or  more  townships,  and  rendering  service, 
through  the  central   library  and  through   de- 
posit stations,  branches,  etc.,  to  all  the  citizens 
in  the  townships   from   which  the   income  is 
received. 

2.  Laws  providing  for  the  establishment  and 
maintenance  by  taxation,  of  libraries  in  town- 
ships, independent  of  cities  and  towns,  and  for 
the  cooperation  of  two  or  more  townships  for 
such  purposes. 

3.  Laws  providing  for  the  maintenance  of  a 
Traveling  Library  Department  of  the  Public 
Library  Commission,  for  the  benefit  of  com- 
munities that  do  not  yet  have  satisfactory  pub- 
lic libraries. 

The  whole  idea  is  simply  this :  to  have  a 
public  library  in  every  good  city  and  town, 
and  to  have  every  such  library  serve  not  only 
the  people  who  live  inside  the  corporate  limits, 
but  all  the  people  in  the  vicinity — in  other 
words,  to  make  every  good  town  and  city  a 
library  center  for  all  the  people  who  use  the 
town  or  city  as  a  business,  social,  religious  or 
educational  center.  Sometimes  this  means  one 
main  library  in  a  county,  sometimes  it  means 
several  such  libraries. 

Fifty-three  towns  and  cities  have  united  with 
60  townships  to  support  libraries  under  the 
township  extension  law.  One  library  is  secur- 
ing support  from  4  townships,  i  from  3,  2 
from  2,  and  49  are  receiving  support  from  i 
each.  Some  of  these  libraries  have  been  oper- 
ating under  this  plan  since  the  first  township 
extension  law  went  into  effect  n  years  ago; 
several  were  added  when  the  law  of  1909  was 


July,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


415 


passed,  and  28  have  become  township  exten- 
sion libraries  since  the  enactment  of  the  1911 
revision. 

NORTH   DAKOTA   PUBLIC  LIBRARY    COMMIS- 
SION 

The  third  biennial  report  of  the  North  Da- 
kota Commission  covers  its  work  for  1911  and 
1912.  The  traveling  library  system  forms  one 
of  its  most  important  activities.  These  libra- 
ries consist  of  fixed  collections  of  books  sent 
out  in  wooden  cases  for  three  to  six  months' 
loan  wherever  in  the  state  responsible  people 
will  agree  to  care  for  them,  to  circulate  them 
free  of  charge  and  to  return  them  to  Bismarck 
with  freight  paid  both  ways.  The  demand  for 
these  libraries  exceeds  the  supply;  in  the  win- 
ter of  1911-12  there  were  on  file  over  50  appli- 
cations which  could  not  be  filled  for  want  of 
books.  The  recorded  circulation  of  traveling 
libraries  gives  5616  borrowers  and  a  circula- 
tion of  35,797  for  414  libraries,  but  a  great 
proportion  of  their  use  cannot  be  recorded. 
When  books  become  badly  worn  they  are 
placed  in  the  "Indefinite  loan"  collection  and 
sent  to  some  school  or  institution  to  wear  out. 

The  educational  reference  department  loans 
books  singly  or  in  groups  to  any  individual  or 
club  in  the  state  agreeing  to  pay  transporta- 
tion both  ways  and  be  responsible  for  their 
safe  return.  In  the  two  years  ending  June  30, 
1912,  4570  books  were  loaned  individuals. 
Complete  club  statistics  were  not  kept  in  1910- 
II.  In  the  year  ending  June  30,  1912,  1382 
pamphlets  and  mounted  clippings  on  60  sub- 
jects were  sent  to  132  clubs  and  63  individuals. 

State  Xtbrarp  HggoctattonB 

MASSACHUSETTS  LIBRARY   CLUB 
ANNUAL    MEETING,    WILLIAMSTOWN 

The  eightieth  meeting  of  the  Massachusetts 
Library  Club  took  place  at  Williams  College, 
Thursday  to  Saturday,  May  22  to  24,  1913,  in 
connection  with  the  meetings  of  the  Berkshire 
Library  Club  and  the  Western  Massachusetts 
Library  Club.  The  Free  Public  Library  Com- 
mission held  a  conference  at  this  time  also. 
The  meetings  were  held  in  Grace  Hall,  Jesup 
Hall,  and  the  auditorium  of  the  Thompson 
Biological  Laboratory. 

The  first  session  opened  with  an  organ  re- 
cital by  Mr.  Sumner  Salter,  director  of  music 
at  Williams  College.  Two  addresses  of  wel- 
come, given  by  President.  Harry  A.  Gairfield, 
of  Williams  College,  and  President  Charles  F. 
D.  Belden,  of  the  Massachusetts  Library  Club, 
were  followed  by  a  paper  on  "The  relation  of 
public  libraries  to  college  libraries,"  by  Mr. 
John  A.  Lowe,  librarian  of  Williams  College, 
which  is  printed  elsewhere  in  this  issue  of  the 
LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 

Following  the  paper  by  Mr.  Lowe,  Prof. 
Carroll  L.  Maxcy,  of  the  department  of  rhet- 
oric of  Williams  College,  gave  his  lecture  on 
Artemus  Ward,  which  was  listened  to  with 
much  interest.  The  humor  of  both  the  lec- 


turer and  his  subject  was  a  welcome  diver- 
gence from  the  usual  professional  character  of 
the  papers  given. 

The  first  number  on  the  program  Friday 
morning  was  a  very  convincing  address  on 
"What  the  library  can  do  for  our  foreign- 
born,"  by  John  Foster  Carr,  author  of  "Guide 
to  the  United  States  for  immigrants." 

Mr.  Carr  spoke  of  the  great  possibilities  of 
the  library  in  educating  foreigners,  especially 
the  adult  foreigners  whom  the  public  school 
system  cannot  reach,  and  showed  the  great 
need  of  such  education  in  Massachusetts,  where 
58  per  cent,  of  the  foreign-born  white  males  of 
voting  age  are  not  naturalized  and  one-third 
of  the  population  is  foreign-born. 

Mr.  Carr  was  followed  by  Miss  J.  Maud 
Campbell,  of  Boston,  formerly  of  the  public 
library  of  Passaic,  N.  J.,  who  spoke  on  "What 
the  foreigner  had  done  for  one  library." 

Miss  Campbell  said  that  Passaic  was  the 
first  library  in  the  East  to  circulate  actively 
books  in  eleven  foreign  languages.  From  the 
very  first,  she  continued,  the  foreigners  showed 
the  value  of  cooperation,  in  the  different  so- 
cieties getting  together  and  making  a  con- 
certed appeal  for  their  own  books.  A  "library 
committee"  was  formed  from  every  nationality, 
a  committeee  composed  of  two  members  from 
each  society  with  the  librarian  as  chairman. 
It  was  soon  found  that  their  advice  could  be 
relied  upon,  for  they  took  great  pride  in  show- 
ing what  good  things  there  were  in  their  liter- 
atures. She  said  that  it  was  noticeable  that 
the  foreigners  who  used  the  libraries  demanded 
the  better  class  of  books,  and  as  they  came  to 
know  the  English  language  they  sought  similar 
books  in  English. 

Following  this  address,  Mr.  Belden  an- 
nounced that  Governor  Foss  had  just  signed  a 
bill  providing  for  a  state  commission  to  take 
charge  of  this  work  with  foreigners.  Where- 
upon the  chair  announced  a  committee  on 
library  problems  with  foreigners,  with  power 
to  enlarge  membership,  a  committee  consisting 
of  Miss  J.  Maud  Campbell,  Boston,  chairman ; 
Mrs.  Mary  B.  Maine,  Ipswich ;  Miss  Elizabeth 
P.  Sohier,  Boston;  Miss  May  Ashley,  Green- 
field; Mr.  Herbert  W.  Fison,  Maiden;  Mr. 
Harold  T.  Dougherty,  Pawtucket,  R.  I. ;  Mr. 
John  G.  Moulton,  Haverhill. 

Mr.  William  B.  Clarke,  a  bookseller  of  Bos- 
ton, was  then  introduced,  and  gave  an  informal 
talk  upon  the  business  of  bookselling.  The 
whole  tenor  of  his  speech  was  to  show  the 
impossibility  of  a  profit  on  the  sale  of  new 
books  to  libraries. 

Mr.  Clarke  said  that  from  March,  1912, 
through  February,  1913,  he  made  a  careful 
record  of  the  cost  and  sale  of  every  book, 
with  the  usual  discount  to  libraries  of  10  per 
cent,  on  net  books  and  33^  per  cent,  on  reg- 
ular books,  and  found  the  result  of  the  library 
business  to  be  a  possible  gross  profit  of  .207 
per  cent,  against  28  per  cent,  expense,  but  as 
15^  per  cent,  of  these  books  were  returned,  it 
left  a  gross  profit  on  library  sales  for  that 


4i6 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913 


year  of  .159  per  cent,  against  a  28  per  cent, 
expense.  Unsalable  books  increased  this  loss 
still  more  when  sold  upon  the  bargain  counter. 

The  following  report  from  the  committee  on 
cooperation  was  then  read  by  Miss  Louisa 
M.  Hooper,  of  Brookline,  secretary  of  the 
committee : 

In  the  January  Bulletin  of  the  Massachusetts 
Library  Club  was  a  brief  report  of  the  com- 
mittee on  cooperation  between  the  various 
library  clubs  of  Massachusetts  arid  the  Free 
Public  Library  Commission,  showing  the  pro- 
gress made  by  the  committee  up  to  that  time. 
In  this  report  an  outline  was  given  of  a  plan 
which  this  committee  is  still  trying  to  formu- 
late. Although  the  plan  is  still  in  its  infancy, 
it  may  be  worth  while  a,t  this  time  to  report 
progress,  especially  as  the  committee  will  wel- 
come suggestions  which  may  help  in  the  carry- 
ing out  of  this  scheme. 

It  is  proposed  to  divide  the  libraries  of  the 
whole  state  of  Massachusetts  into  small  groups, 
each  group  having  one  library  as  a  center, 
whose  librarian  shall  be  a  sort  of  local  secre- 
tary for  her  group.  It  has  been  found  neces- 
sary to  vary  the  number  of  libraries  in  each 
group  according  to  the  exigencies  of  the  case. 
Geographical  peculiarities  and  especially  trans- 
portation facilities  have  of  necessity  much  to 
do  with  the  grouping,  as  it  seems  desirable  to 
make  informal  neighborhood  meetings  one  of 
the  results  of  the  plan.  Each  member  of  our 
committee  has  been  asked  to  divide  a  certain 
portion  of  the  state  and  to  obtain  the  consent 
of  the  local  secretaries  to  serve.  At  this  time 
most  of  the  final  reports  have  been  received, 
showing  the  division  of  all  of  central  and  west- 
ern Massachusetts,  and  we  hope  very  soon  to 
complete  our  survey. 

We  propose  to  send  a  letter  to  each  local 
secretary,  suggesting  various  ways  in  which 
the  libraries  in  her  group  may  be  mutually 
helpful. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  results  which 
the  committee  hopes  may  follow  from  these 
informal  organizations : 

1.  Mutual    visiting   among   the    libraries    of 
a   group,    possibly    occasional    informal    meet- 
ings to  discuss   some  subject  of  common  in- 
terest,  and   to   stimulate   interest  in   common 
ends. 

2.  Mutual   assistance   in   solving  difficult  li- 
brary _  problems.     Especially  would  the  smaller 
libraries  of  a  group  look  to  the  larger  one  for 
assistance    in    various    ways.      The    larger    li- 
brary might  even  offer  to  give  personal  help, 
either  through  the  librarian  or  an  assistant  in 
settling    some    difficult    point.      Should    books 
be  eventually  included  in  the  parcel  post  sys- 
tem the  inter-library  loan  of  books  might  prove 
more  possible  than  under  the  present  prohibi- 
tive rates. 

3.  Increased  attendance  at  library  meetings 
owing  ^  to   the   added    interest   of   going   with 
some  library  friend,  or  of  surely  meeting  some 
library  acquaintances  at  the  meeting. 

4.  The  local  secretary,  as  suggested  by  Mr. 


Belden,  could  in  some  cases  serve  to  keep  the 
commission  more  in  touch  with  the  small  li- 
braries of  her  group ;  she  could  serve  in  a 
way  as  a  voluntary  visitor  for  the  commission. 

The  results  to  be  desired  are  greater  effi- 
ciency of  the  libraries  concerned,  but  through 
the  most  informal  and  friendly  of  methods. 

The  committee  will  be  glad  of  any  help 
which  you  can  give  in  developing  a  plan  which 
we  realize  is  still  only  a  plan,  but  which  seems 
to  have  great  possibilities  of  usefulness. 

LOUISA  M.  HOOPER,  Secretary. 

The  following  resolutions  on  the  death  of 
Mr.  Ayer,  of  Cambridge,  which  occurred  April 
12,  1913,  were  read  by  Miss  Elizabeth  P. 
Thurston : 

The  Massachusetts  Library  Club  desires  to 
express  its  sense  of  loss  in  the  death  of  Clar- 
ence Walter  Ayer,  librarian  of  the  Cambridge 
Public  Library,  and  to  put  on  record  its  ap- 
preciation of  his  work  and  character  as  a 
librarian. 

In  the  library  of  Western  Reserve  Univer- 
sity, in  Cleveland,  where  his  first  experience 
in  library  work  was  obtained,  in  the  Harvard 
College  Library,  1896-1899,  as  librarian  of  the 
Brockton  Public  Library,  1899-1904,  and  in 
the  Cambridge  Library,  where  his  services  as 
librarian  covered  nine  years,  he  made  fast 
friends  by  his  unfailing  readiness  to  help  those 
with  whom  he  came  in  contact,  and  by  the 
courtesy  and  goodwill  with  which  he  served 
them. 

He  was  president  of  this  club  in  1909,  and 
left  nothing  undone  to  make  the  meetings  for 
which  he  was  responsible  successful  and  help- 
ful. 

As  secretary  of  the  Cambridge  Historical 
Society,  1910-1911,  and  as  curator  of  its  collec- 
tions deposited  in  the  Cambridge  Public  Li- 
brary, 1907-1913,  he  gave  the  same  conscien- 
tious care  to  every  detail  of  the  secretary's 
and  curator's  duties,  taking  a  genuine  pleasure 
and  satisfaction  in  rendering  public  service. 

The  Harvard  Library  owes  to  him  the  clas- 
sification of  an  important  group  of  its  collec- 
tions— Italian,  Spanish  and  Portuguese  history 
and  literature,  with  the  literature  of  the  minor 
Romance  languages,  Scandinavian  history,  lit- 
erature and  mythology,  the  history  of  the  Otto- 
man Empire,  and  music,  the  last  being  the  sub- 
ject of  which  he  had  made  a  special  study  and 
in  which  he  took  great  delight. 

His  service  at  the  Brockton  Public  Library, 
extending  over  five  years,  is  identified  with  a 
decided  expansion  of  library  activities  in  that 
city.  An  organized  form  of  work  with  chil- 
dren, in  separate  quarters,  an  extension  of  the 
work  with  schools,  the  formation  of  traveling 
libraries,  the  use  of  printed  cards  issued  by  the 
Library  of  Congress,  and  regular  exchanges  of 
books  with  the  branch  reading  rooms  were  all 
forms  of  activity  first  adopted  during  his  ad- 
ministration in  Brockton. 

He  brought  to  the  work,  in  addition  to  his 
enthusiasm  a  marked  capacity  for  interesting 


July,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


4*7 


people  personally  in  the  opportunities  offered 
by  the  public  library. 

As  librarian  of  the  Cambridge  Public  Li- 
brary, he  showed  a  single-minded  devotion  to 
the  library's  interests,  and  made  the  most  of 
the  means  at  his  disposal ;  he  had  the  satisfac- 
tion of  seeing  one  new  branch  library  opened ; 
he  developed  a  serviceable  cooperation  be- 
tween the  library  and  the  schools;  he  placed 
traveling  collections  at  the  local  delivery  sta- 
tions and  with  private  clubs;  he  gave  frequent 
talks  on  the  use  of  the  libralry  to  classes  and 
societies,  and  in  every  way  and  at  all  times 
he  tried  to  bring  the  library  into  close  touch 
with  the  people. 

At  the  close  of  his  last  report  he  was  justi- 
fied in  saying  that  it  had  been  his  "constant 
aim  and  endeavor  to  serve  the  needs  and 
fulfil  the  requests  of  all  classes  of  readers,  and 
to  make  the  library  popular  in  the  best  sense 
of  the  word." 

With  how  much  kindness,  affability,  and 
steady  conscientiousness  he  succeeded  in  doing 
this,  those  who  worked  with  him  and  who 
were  helped  by  him  know  well. 

WILLIAM  C.  LANE. 

FRANK   H.   WHITMORE. 

ELIZABETH  P.  THURSTON. 

On  the  motion  of  Mr.  Davis,  of  Waltham,  it 
was  voted  that  these  resolutions  be  put  on 
record,  and  that  a  copy  of  them  be  sent  to 
Mrs.  Ayer. 

A  finance  committee  was  appointed  by  the 
chair,  with  power  to  enlarge  membership,  com- 
posed of  Mr.  J.  Randolph  Coolidge,  Jr.,  chair- 
man; Miss  Katharine  P.  Loring,  Mrs.  George 
R.  Agassiz,  Miss  Anna  M.  Bancroft,  Mr. 
Nathan  D.  Bill. 

The  morning  session  closed  with  the  nomi- 
nation of  officers  for  1913-1914,  the  nominating 
committee  consisting  of  Mr.  Robert  K.  Shaw, 
Miss  Alice  Shepard,  Miss  Elizabeth  P.  Thurs- 
ton. 

It  was  voted  that  the  secretary  IDC  author- 
ized to  cast  one  ballot  for  the  following  names : 
president,  Drew  B.  Hall,  Public  Library,  Som- 
erville;  vice-presidentsz  J.  Randolph  Coolidge, 
Jr.,  trustee,  Boston  Athenaeum;  Miss  Mabel 
Temple,  Public  Library,  North  Adams;  Miss 
Alice  G.  White,  Thomas  Crane  Public  Li- 
brary, Qtiincy;  ex-President  Charles  F.  D. 
Belden,  State  Library,  Boston;  treasurer, 
George  L.  Lewis,  Westfield  Athenaeum;  secre- 
tary, John  G.  Moulton,  Public  Library,  Haver- 
hill ;  recorder,  Miss  Eugenia  M.  Henry,  Pub- 
lic Library,  Attleborough. 

The  Friday  afternoon  meeting  was  in  charge 
of  the  Berkshire  Library  Cub  and  the  West- 
ern Massachusetts  Library  Club.  The  election 
of  officers  of  the  Berkshire  Library  Gub  was 
postponed  until  fall.  The  business  meeting  of 
the  Western  Massachusetts  Library  Club  re- 
sulted in  the  election  of  the  following  officers 
for  the  year  1913-1914:  president,  Miss  Bertha 
E.  Blakeley,  Mount  Holyoke  College  Library ; 
vice-presidents,  Mr.  J.  L.  Harrison,  Forbes 


Library,  Northampton;  Miss  Lucy  F.  Curtis, 
Public  Library,  Williamstown ;  secretary,  Miss 
Alice  Moore,  City  Library,  Springfield;  treas- 
urer, Miss  Bertha  Gilligan,  Public  Library, 
Holyoke;  recorder,  Mr.  James  A.  Lowell,  City 
Library,  Springfield. 

Mr.  Harlan  H.  Ballard,  of  the  Berkshire 
Athenaeum,  spoke  on  "Cooperation  in  library 
work,"  and  told  of  two  interesting  experiments 
which  are  being  tried  between  the  Athenaeum 
and  libraries  in  Berkshire  county. 

1.  The  inter-library  system.    The  trustees  of 
the  Berkshire  Athenaeum  had  decided  to  ad- 
mit any  town  in  the  county  to  the  privilege  of 
an   inter-library  loan  card  upon  the  payment 
of  an  annual  fee  of  five  dollars.    Last  fall  the 
State  Commission   offered  to  pay  the  annual 
fee  for  1913  for  any  small  library  which  de- 
sired  the  use  of  books.     The  offer   was   ac- 
cepted by  thirteen  libraries.     The  Athenaeum 
is  not  pledged  to  lend  more  than  two  books 
at    a    time,    recent    fiction,    or    books    which 
ought  to  be  retained  in  the  library. 

2.  A  free  circulating  library  of  recent  fic- 
tion.    By  the  liberality  of  Miss  Sohier  a  sum 
of  money  was  furnished  for  the  purchase  of 
books    for   this   plan.     The   libraries   had   the 
privilege  of  this   library  on  payment  of  one 
dollar  yearly  and  the  postage  of  books  to  the 
next  town  on  the  list.     One  new  book  is  sent 
to  each  library  every  two  months  from  Pitts- 
field,  and  this  book  after  making  the  rounds 
of    the    six    libraries    which    accepted    is    the 
property  of  the  first   library.     Thus   each  li- 
brary has  the  use  of  one  new  book  every  two 
months,  and   also   those  that   come  from  the 
library  preceding  it  on  the  list. 

Next  on  the  program  was  Miss  Mafred  N. 
Rice,  of  Pittsfield,  who  told  very  interestingly 
the  story  of  "King  Renee's  daughter,"  illus- 
trating story-telling  work  with  children. 

The  roll  call  of  libraries  requesting  two- 
minute  responses  on  "The  most  interesting 
thing  dene  in  our  library  the  past  year,"  which 
was  conducted  by  Mr.  Charles  R.  Green, 
brought  out  responses  from  six  librarians. 

Hopedale  is  enthusiastic  over  the  success  of 
the  story  hour,  recently  introduced,  and  the 
Cleveland  idea  of  displaying  new  books  for 
two  weeks  before  allowing  them  to  circulate. 

Forbes  Library,  Northampton,  has  recently 
acquired  a  graphophone  and  records,  which 
are  in  constant  circulation.  These  were  pur- 
chased for  the  schools  and  are  accomplishing 
three  desirable  results — giving  the  children  the 
opportunity  of  becoming  familiar  with  the  best 
music,  of  hearing  the  world's  greatest  artists, 
and  teaching  them  to  appreciate  good  music. 

At  Springfield,  with  the  assistance  of  the 
reference  librarians,  an  outline  of  library  in- 
struction was  made  and  incorporated  into  the 
English  course.  Test  questions,  which  de- 
manded a  good  working  knowledge  of  the 
library,  were  then  given  the  pupils. 

Uxbridge  has  been  considering  seriously 
methods  to  make  its  books  more  useful  to  the 
foreign  population,  especially  the  French. 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913 


Books  in  this  language  are  being  advertised 
in  the  newspapers,  by  printed  slips,  etc.  Books 
have  also  been  sent  to  the  district  schools  to 
be  taken  home  to  the  parents. 

Williamstown  is  adopting  home  book-bind- 
ing. It  is  a  great  saving,  for  in  a  small  library 
it  takes  a  long  time  to  collect  books  to  send  to 
the  bindery,  where  they  are  generally  kept 
many  weeks. 

The  most  significant  event  in  Worcester 
has  been  the  laying  of  the  corner-stones  of 
three  branch  library  buildings. 

Mr.  Fleischner.  of  the  Boston  Public  Li- 
brary, spoke  a  few  words  on  the  inter-library 
loan  privilege.  This  library  will  lend  to  Mas- 
sachusetts libraries  books  in  foreign  languages 
especially,  but  not  books  which  might  be 
needed  by  its  own  readers,  or  recent  books 
which  the  requesting  library  ought  to  be  able 
to  buy. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Ballard  it  was  voted  to 
extend  a  vote  of  thanks  to  Mr.  Lowe  and  to 
Williams  College  for  the  use  of  its  grounds 
and  buildings  and  for  the  hospitable  treatment 
received  at  their  hands. 

Following  this  meeting,  President  and  Mrs. 
Garfield  received  the  members  of  the  club 
with  most  cordial  hospitality  in  their  fine  old 
colonial  house,  an  event  which  was  to  many 
the  most  delightful  of  the  whole  session. 

The  Friday  evening  session  took  place  at  the 
Greylpck  headquarters  on  account  of  the  rain. 
At  this  time  Dr.  Philip  S.  Moxom,  of  Spring- 
field, gave  a  deeply  thoughtful  address  on  "The 
educated  man." 

The  convention  closed  Saturday  morning 
with  the  conference  of  the  Free  Public  Library 
Commission,  in  charge  of  Miss  Brown,  agent 
of  the  commission.  Miss  Brown,  in  her  usual 
interesting  way,  gave  a  practical  talk  on  "Li- 
brarians, trustees,  and  the  field  agent,"  which 
was  of  special  value  to  librarians  of  small 
libraries.  This  was  followed  by  a  book-mend- 
ing demonstration  by  Miss  Ruby  Tillinghast, 
of  the  commission,  and  only  those  who  were 
fortunate  enough  to  be  present  can  know  how 
entertaining  as  well  as  instructive  this  subject 
was  made. 

LAILA  A.  McNEiL,  Recorder. 

CONNECTICUT   LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION 

The  spring  meeting  of  the  Connecticut  Li- 
brary Association  was  held  at  the  Raymond 
Library,  East  Hartford,  on  Friday,  June  6, 


After  the  address  of  welcome  by  Mr.  Dwight 
L.  Burnham  there  was  a  brief  business  session. 
The  only  important  matter  acted  upon  was  the 
question  of  ata  appropriation  to  carry  on  the 
Library  Institute,  which  has  formerly  been 
held  in  connection  with  the  Normal  School  at 
Danbury.  The  outcome  of  the  discussion  was 
a  motion  made  and  carried  to  appropriate  $30 
from  the  treasury  for  this  purpose. 

Mr.  Perry  S.  Bryant  next  outlined  the  his- 
tory of  library  development  in  East  Hartford, 
and  Mr.  John  H.  Sage  followed  with  a  de- 


scriptive list  of  recent,  literature  upon  birds. 
Mr.  Sage's  first-hand  knowledge  of  his  subject 
and  personal  acquaintance  with  the  authors 
gave  unusual  zest  to  his  address. 

Mr.  Albert  Morgan,  of  the  Hartford  Bird 
Study  Club,  entertained  the  meeting  with  an 
illustrated  lecture  upon  the  birds  of  this 
locality. 

The  afternoon  was  devoted  to  the  study  of 
"Our  Slavic  fellow  citizens,"  Mr.  Raymond  G. 
Gettell,  of  Trinity  College,  and  Prof.  Emily 
Greene  Balch,  of  Wellesley,  presenting  schol- 
arly and  extremely  enlightening  addresses  on 
the  history  and  present  condition  of  these 
peoples  both  in  Europe  and  in  this  country. 
The  subject  was  continued  in  an  interesting 
discussion  by  Miss  Brown,  of  New  Britain, 
and  Miss  Deshon,  of  the  Meriden  Library. 

The  association  was  hospitably  entertained  at 
luncheon  by  "the  trustees  and  friends  of  the 
Raymond  Library."  in  the  parish  house  of  St. 
John's  Episcopal  Church. 

EDITH  McH.   STEELE,  Secretary. 

COLORADO   LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

One  of  the  most  successful  meetings  ever 
held  by  the  Colorado  Library  Association  was 
in  session  at  the  State  University  in  Boulder, 
May  19-20.  Between  thirty  and  thirty-five  out- 
of-town  librarians  were  present.  The  first  ses- 
sion was  a  joint  meeting  on  Monday  evening 
with  the  University  Scientific  Society.  Dean 
Hellems,  of  the  University  and  president  of 
the  Scientific  Society,  greeted  the  visitors.  He 
said  he  thought  it  especially  fitting  that  the 
disseminators  and,  if  it  be  so,  the  creators  of 
thought  should  work  together.  Manly  D. 
Ormes,  president  of  the  association  and  libra- 
rian at  Colorado  College,  responded  and  in- 
troduced the  speaker  of  the  evening,  Dr.  S.  A. 
Lough,  of  Denver  University,  whose  subject 
was,  "A  modern  message  from  an  old  drama." 
In  this  masterful  address  the  idea  was  devel- 
oped that  in  the  Book  of  Job,  which  is  dra- 
matic in  theme  and  material,  we  find  this 
modern  message,  that  human  thought  and  ex- 
perience are  changing  and  expanding  so  that 
one's  philosophy  must  change  correspondingly. 
In  this  period  of  transition  there  are  souls 
whose  very  friends  fail  to  understand  them 
and  who  struggle  on  alone,  impelled  by  the 
force  of  the  inevitable  truth  they  feel  and  yet 
from  which  in  their  agony  of  spirit  and  lone- 
liness they  would  be  freed.  This  tragic  theme, 
more  forceful  than  that  of  the  older  tragedies 
of  blood,  is  seen  in  modern  dramas.  An  in- 
formal reception  followed  the  lecture,  at  which 
a  cordial  good  time  was  enjoyed  by  all. 

On  Tuesday  morning,  at  9:30,  a  short  busi- 
ness session  was  followed  by  several  discus- 
sions on  library  themes.  Mr.  C.  Henry  Smith, 
librarian  of  the  State  University,  gave  a  help- 
ful paper  entitled  "Extensive  and  intensive 
work,"  discussing  the  means  of  a  more  effec- 
tive cooperation  between  the  libraries  of  the 
state.  Inter-library  loans  may  be  made  effec- 
tive by  check-lists  of  important  collections 


July,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


419 


found  in  the  different  libraries  of  the  state. 
Why  should  several  libraries  try  to  work  up 
special  collections  of  Coloradoana,  for  exam- 
ple, duplicating  expensive  books  many  times, 
when  a  single  collection  from  which  all  might 
borrow  could  be  made  much  more  valuable? 

After  an  interesting  discussion  of  the  talk, 
Mr.  Chalmers  Hadley,  librarian,  Denver  Pub- 
lic Library,  discussed  library  commission  work, 
what  it  has  done  in  different  sections  of  our 
country  by  sending  out  traveling  libraries, 
book  wagons,  planning  buildings,  putting  libra- 
ries in  order,  legislative  reference  work,  and 
working  with  state  charitable  institutions.  Dr. 
J.  Raymond  Brackett,  professor  of  literature 
at  the  university,  gave  an  interesting  talk  on 
"Modern  drama,"  giving  comparative  values 
and  characteristics  of  Greek,  Shakespearean 
and  modern  drama.  The  discussion  which 
followed  showed  that  this  subject  is  one  of 
vital  interest  to  librarians  in  choosing  the  best 
for  their  shelves. 

A  half  hour  was  then  devoted  to  a  general 
discussion.  The  "funny  papers"  were  de- 
nounced for  moral  as  well  as  artistic  reasons, 
and  it  was  the  general  opinion  that  they  have 
no  place  in  the  children's  room.  The  subject 
of  newspapers  was  discussed  more  fully,  and 
the  thought  expressed  that  the  standard  will 
be  raised  as  reporters  are  educated. 

One  of  the  most  enjoyable  hours  of  the  day 
was  spent  at  the  very  hospitable  home  of  Mr. 
Smith,  the  university  librarian,  where  a  most 
delicious  luncheon  was  served  to  thirty-two 
members  of  the  association.  The  afternoon 
session  was  held  in  the  senate  room  of  the 
beautiful  new  Mackay  building.  An  art  ex- 
hibit on  the  walls  added  to  the  other  pleasant 
features  of  the  afternoon.  The  general  topic 
was  the  library  and  the  public  school.  In  her 
own  inspiring  way,  Miss  Charlotte  A.  Baker, 
of  Ft.  Collins,  talked  of  public  documents  for 
high  school  students,  discovering  in  them  many 
new  treasures.  Miss  Hillkowitz,  children's  li- 
brarian of  Denver,  gave  points  on  story  tell- 
ing, and  told  a  story  from  Hauff's  fairy  tales 
in  her  delightful  way.  Miss  Mary  Watkins, 
of  the  Denver  Library,  formerly  of  Wisconsin, 
gave  many  new  and  helpful  thoughts  on  refer- 
ence work  with  schools,  and  the  relationship 
of  schools  and  libraries  was  discussed  by  Miss 
Rena  Reese,  assistant  librarian  of  the  Denver 
Library,  and  Miss  Victoria  Hazlitt,  instructor 
in  education  at  the  University  of  Colorado. 
The  talks  and  papers  were  all  well  prepared 
and  received  ^  with  great  appreciation. 

Our  association  now  numbers  fifty-eight, 
shows  a  healthy  growth  over  last  year,  and 
promise  of  even  greater  things  when  we  meet 
again  in  Denver  Thanksgiving  week. 

__ Xibrarg  Clubs 

MILWAUKEE  LIBRARY  CLUB 
The  Milwaukee  Library  Club  held  its  annual 
meeting  for  the  election  of  officers  on  the  even- 
?ng  of  May  27,  in  St.  James  Guild  Hall.    The 


business  meeting  was  preceded  by  a  very  en- 
joyable luncheon,  tendered  the  members  of  the 
club  by  the  retiring  president,  Mr.  C.  E.  Mc- 
Lenegan.  The  following  officers  were  elected 
for  the  year  1913-14:  president,  Mr.  Leo  Tie- 
fenthaler;  vice-president,  Miss  Mary  E.  Dous- 
man  ;  secretary-treasurer,  Miss  Josehine  Kul- 
zick;  members  of  the  executive  board.  Miss 
Delia  Ovitz,  Miss  Alice  Radcliffe. 

The  animated  discussion  on  the  question  of 
the  club's  activities  for  next  year,  which  fol- 
lowed the  election,  indicated  an  interest  in  the 
association  which  promises  well  for  the  success 
of  the  new  administration. 

LILLIAN  M.  CARTER,  Secretary. 


Xtbrarg  Scbools  an£> 
Classes 


LIBRARY  SCHOOL  OF  THE  NEW   YORK  PUB- 
LIC LIBRARY 

Lectures  to  the  juniors  during  the  last 
month  of  the  year  have  been  as  follows:  A 
course  by  Mr.  W.  R.  Eastman  on  "Library 
buildings,"  with  a  final  talk  on  "Library  legis- 
lation"; by  Miss  Lucile  Goldthwaite,  on  the 
"Work  of  the  New  York  Public  Library  for 
the  blind";  by  Mr.  E.  W.  Gaillard,  on  the 
same  library's  "Work  with  schools";  by  Miss 
A.  E.  Brown,  on  the  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary's "Traveling  library  system";  a  ques- 
tion-box on  "Government  documents,"  con- 
ducted by  Miss  Hasse;  by  Miss  Anna  Burns, 
on  "Problems  of  circulation";  by  Mr.  LeRoy 
Jeffers,  on  "Hints  on  bookbuying." 

The  seniors  have  had  lectures  as  follows  : 
The  class  in  Library  work  for  children  has 
listened  to  talks  by  Mr.  E.  W.  Stitt,  district 
superintendent,  on  "Playgrounds  and  recrea- 
tion centers,"  by  Miss  Gertrude  Grasse,  of  the 
Juvenile  Probation  Association,  on  the  "Big 
sister  movement,"  and  by  Mr.  W.  W.  Jackson, 
a  "big  brother,"  on  the  "Big  brother  move- 
ment," and  have  been  privileged  to  attend  sit- 
tings of  Judge  Wilkins'  Juvenile  Court.  The 
seniors  in  advanced  reference  and  cataloging 
have  had  problems  assigned  to  work  out  in  the 
Divisions  of  Economics,  American  history, 
technology,  art,  and  government  documents. 
Theses  and  bibliographies  have  been  handed 
in,  and  the  former  will  be  bound  uniformly  for 
the  school's  collection,  the  latter  being  on 
cards. 

The  visits  made  by  the  juniors  since  the  last 
report  have  been  to  the  Girls'  High  School, 
Brooklyn,  the  Newark  Public  Library  and  its 
business  branch,  the  Grolier  Club  and  Metro- 
politan Museum  libraries,  the  Englewood  (N. 
J.)  Public  Library,  and  the  Children's  Mu- 
seum and  Brooklyn  Institute  libraries.  The 
class  has  been  entertained  most  delightfully 
at  Englewood  and  at  Ossining  at  the  homes 
of  two  of  its  members,  and  a  small  party  has 
visited  West  Point  with  an  instructor. 

The  annual  dinner  of  the  school  took  place 
the  evening  of  June  i2th,  at  the  Fifth  Avenue 
Restaurant.  Mr.  Charles  K.  Bolton,  the  com- 


420 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913 


mencement  speaker  of  the  year,  and  Mr.  W. 
W.  Appleton,  of  the  advisory  committee,  were 
guests,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Anderson  were  also 
present.  The  class  history  and  prophecy  were 
given  by  two  seniors,  an  original  poem  pre- 
sented by  one  of  the  juniors,  and  the  school 
songs,  "The  torch  song"  and  "The  good  ship 
Libraree,"  were  sung.  The  dinner  was  fol- 
lowed by  a  business  meeting.  Invitations  to 
the  first  commencement  of  the  school  had  to 
be  limited  in  number,  owing  to  the  small  size 
of  the  auditorium.  The  exercises  which  took 
place  at  ii  a.m.,  June  13,  the  presiding  officer 
being  Mr.  John  L.  Cadwalader,  LL.D.,  presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  consisted  of  a 
greeting  from  the  director  of  the  library;  an 
address,  "The  librarian  in  a  democracy,"  by 
Mr.  Charles  K.  Bolton,  librarian  of  the  Boston 
Athenaeum;  a  statement  concerning  the  work 
of  the  year  by  the  principal,  and  the  presenta- 
tion of  diplomas  and  certificates  by  Mr.  Cad- 
walader. 

A  number  of  students,  both  seniors  and 
juniors,  will  attend  the  A.  L.  A.  meeting  at 
Hotel  Kaaterskill.  Miss  Newberry,  of  the 
seniors,  has  charge  of  the  arrangements  for  the 
school  reunion  dinner  to  be  held  there. 

Entrance  examinations  for  the  coming  year 
were  given  June  9,  at  the  school  and  in  nu- 
merous places  throughout  the  country.  No 
examination  for  probationers  was  held  at  the 
same  time,  as  was  the  case  last  year,  and  the 
98  applications  received  represented  only  ap- 
plicants for  the  school. 

The  school  has  subscribed  for  two  member- 
ships in  the  newly-founded  Institute  of  Arts 
and  Sciences,  the  Extension  Department  of 
Columbia  University.  These  entitle  the  school 
to  four  tickets  for  each  evening  program,  lec- 
ture, recital,  or  whatever  it  may  be,  and  to 
two  for  each  afternoon  program,  and  these 
tickets  will  be  at  the  service  of  students. 

Twenty-one  juniors  have  applied  and  been 
accepted  for  the  senior  courses  of  1913-14,  and 
others  may  apply  later.  Several  graduates  of 
other  schools  have  also  applied  and  been 
accepted. 

Statements  concerning  positions  taken  by 
graduates  will  appear  in  the  September  or 
October  report. 

MARY  W.  PLUMMER,  Principal 

DREXEL  INSTITUTE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

The  lectures  since  the  last  report  have  been 
as  follows: 
Mr.   Arthur   L.   Bailey,   Wilmington   Institute 

Free  Library,  "Library  binding." 
Miss  Sarah  B.  Askew,  New  Jersey  Public  Li- 
brary   Commission,    "What    makes    library 

work  a  success?" 
Miss  Julia  A.  Hopkins,  Pratt  Institute  Library 

School,  "The  study  of  a  community." 
Mrs.   Edna   Lyman   Scott    (Kroeger   Alumnae 

lecturer),    "Story    interests    of    the    child"; 

"Preparation  of  the  story";    "Principles  of 

book  selection  for  children." 
Miss  May  C.  Nerney  (formerly  head  of  Order 


section,  New  York  State  Library),  "Book- 
buying"   (2  lectures). 

The  class  visited  in  May  the  bindery  of  Mr. 
Gilbert  D.  Emerson,  the  fine  building  of  the 
Curtis  Publishing  Company,  the  libraries  of 
Princeton  and  Bryn  Mawr  Universities,  the 
Public  Library  of  Trenton,  N.  J.,  and  the 
library  of  the  Commercial  Museum  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

May  5-8  were  spent  in  visiting  the  libraries  of 
Baltimore  and  Washington.  Classes  did  not 
begin  again  until  May  12,  in  order  that  stu- 
dents who  were  not  familiar  with  Washington* 
might  have  a  chance  to  see  something  more 
of  the  city  than  its  libraries.  An  afternoon 
reception  was  held  for  the  class  at  the  home  of 
Miss  Rebecca  Warner. 

Commencement  week  began  with  President 
MacAlister's  reception,  Tuesday  evening,  June  3. 

Class  Day  exercises  were  held  by  all  de- 
partments of  the  Institute  in  common  at 
Runnymede,  the  old  Drexel  estate,  Wednesday 
afternoon,  June  4. 

The  following  students  passed  their  final  ex- 
aminations creditably  and  received  certificates 
at  the  Commencement  exercises  held  Thurs- 
day morning,  June  5,  in  the  Auditorium.  This 
is  the  last  class  to  receive  certificates  signed 
by  President  James  MacAlister,  who  planned 
Drexel  Institute,  has  been  its  only  president, 
and  has  just  resigned  his  position  on  account 
of  ill  health: 

Jean  Cameron,  Spearfish,  S.  D. 

Helen  Anne  Carruthers,  Carlisle,  Pa. 

Martha  Lee  Coplin,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Mary  Helen  Jones,  Haddonfield,  N.  J. 

Elizabeth  Lois  Kessler,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Blanche  Prichard  McCrum,  Lexington,  Va* 

Minnie  Scott  Muirhead,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Beth  Clark  Rice,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Helen  E.  Rockwell,  Towanda,  Pa. 

Marjorie  Test,  Merchantville,  N.  J. 

Katherine  M.  Trimble,  Camden,  N.  J. 

Rebecca  Parker  Warner,  Washington,  D.  C 

Miss  Carruthers  has  accepted  a  position  as 
assistant  in  the  new  Public  Library  of  Harris- 
burg,  Pa.,  of  which  Miss  Alice  R.  Eaton, 
Drexel  '08,  has  been  appointed  librarian. 

Miss  Kessler  has  been  appointed  librarian  of 
the  Edgewater  (N.  J.)  Public  Library. 

Miss  McCrum  and  Miss  Rice  have  accepted 
positions  in  the  Lawrenceville  Branch  and  the 
Wylie  Avenue  Branch  of  the  Carnegie  Library 
of  Pittsburgh. 

Miss  Rockwell  will  spend  the  summer  in 
cataloging  the  library  of  the  Ogontz  (Pa.) 
School. 

Miss  Trimble  returns  to  work  in  the  Drexel 
Institute  Library  as  assistant  in  charge  of  the 
loan  desk. 

Miss  Warner  returns  to  the  Public  Library 
of  Washington,  D.  C,  where  she  worked  for 
two-  years  before  entering  the  school. 

Miss  Mabel  W.  Brown,  instructor  in  the 
Drexel  Institute  Library  School,  sailed  on  June 
12  from  Quebec  for  a  three  months'  tour  in 
Europe. 


July,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


421 


UNIVERSITY   OF  ILLINOIS  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

Miss  Mary  E.  Hazeltine,  preceptress  of  the 
University  of  Wisconsin  Library  School,  vis- 
ited the  school  April  28.  She  gave  two  talks 
before  the  school  and  staff;  one  was  on  "The 
work  of  the  Wisconsin  Library  Commission 
and  its  connection  with  the  Library  School"; 
the  second  was  a  "Book-talk." 

Mr.  W.  H.  Brett,  librarian  of  the  Cleveland 
Public  Library,  lectured  before  the  school  and 
the  staff  May  6,  en  "The  larger  purpose  of  the 
library." 

Social  surveys  of  urban  and  rural  communi- 
ties formed  the  subject  of  eight  class  hours  of 
senior  work  under  the  direction  of  Miss  Curtis. 
Following  this  Mr.  Kaiser,  in  charge  of  the 
economics  and  sociological  departmental  library, 
gave  thirteen  class  hours  on  the  work  of  law- 
libraries,  legislative  reference  libraries  and  mu- 
nicipal reference  libraries. 

Director  and  Mrs.  Windsor  entertained  the 
school  on  the  evening  of  May  14.  Mr.  L.  G. 
Painter,  of  the  faculty  of  the  Department  of 
English,  gave  a  number  of  delightful  readings. 

ALUMNI    NOTES 

Phebe  Parker,  B.L.S.,  '99,  has  resigned  her 
position  at  the  State  Normal  School,  Valley 
City,  North  Dakota,  to  accept  a  position  in  the 
catalog  department  at  Brown  University,  Prov- 
idence, R.  I. 

Mary  Hubbard,  B.L.S.,  '13,  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  take  charge  of  the  summer  class  in 
library  methods  given  at  the  LaCrosse,  Wis., 
Normal  School. 

Edith  Morgan,  'i2-'i3,  has  been  appointed 
librarian  at  the  Chicago*  Theological  Seminary 
for  one  year,  during  the  absence  on  leave  of 
the  librarian. 

Harriet  A.  Pearson,  'i2-'i3,  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  a  substitute  position,  during  the 
summer  months,  in  the  Omaha,  Neb.,  Public 
Library. 

Laura  Gibbs,  B.L.S.,  '02,  has  resigned  her 
position  as  cataloger  in  Brown  University, 
Providence,  R.  I.,  to  accept  a  similar  position 
in  Columbia  University,  New  York  City. 

Myrtle  Renz,  B.L.S.,  '12,  will  have  charge  of 
the   Eastern   Illinois   Normal    School   Library, 
Charleston,  111.,  during  the  summer  months. 
WESTERN  RESERVE   UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 
SCHOOL 

The  Commencement  week  at  Western  Re- 
serve University  extended  this  year  from  Sun- 
day, June  8,  through  Thursday,  June  12.  On 
Monday,  June  9,  the  annual  luncheon  given 
by  the  faculty  to  the  class  of  1913  and  the 
alumni  was  held  in  the  rooms  of  the  Library 
School.  Many  gifts  of  flowers  decorated  the 
school  rooms  attractively,  and  the  large  number 
of  alumni  who  remained  after  their  business 
meeting  for  the  luncheon  made  it  an  unusually 
pleasant  occasion.  Informal  speeches  followed 
the  luncheon.  Miss  Whittlesey  as  toastmistress 
introduced  in  turn  President  Thwing,  Dean 
Brett,  Miss  Comings,  president  of  the  Alumni 


Association,  and  Miss  Wilcox,  president  of  the 
class  of  1913.  Two  important  announcements 
were  made:  first,  the  resignation  of  Miss  Julia 
M.  Whittlesey  as  director  of  the  school,  and 
second,  the  appointment  of  Miss  Alice  S.  Tyler 
as  director,  beginning  with  the  next  school 
year.  The  school  loses  Miss  Whittlesey  with 
regret  which  is  minimized  only  by  the  fatct 
that  she  remains  in  Cleveland  and  will  con- 
tinue to  be  interested  in  its  welfare.  The 
material  evidence  of  this  regret  was  expressed 
in  presenting  Miss  Whittlesey  with  gifts  from 
the  class  of  1913,  the  Alumni  Association  and 
the  faculty.  Miss  Tyler,  who  has  given  a 
course  of  lectures  each  year  since  the  school 
was  organized,  will  take  the  directorship  with 
full  knowledge  of  the  history  of  the  school,  and 
bring  to  it  her  years  of  broad  experience.  The 
class  of  1913  before  leaving  presented  the 
school  with  a  very  beautiful  tea  wagon. 

The  class  received  their  certificates  at  the 
general  university  commencement  on  Thursday, 
the  I2th.  The  speaker  of  the  day  was  William 
Roscoe  Thayer.  Examinations  for  entrance  to 
the  school  were  held  June  13  and  14. 

W.  H.  BRETT,  Dean. 

•Reviews 

SCHWENKE.  Dr.  Paul,  erstem  Direktor  der 
Koniglichen  Bibliothek.  Eindriicke  von 
einer  Amerikanischen  Bibliotheksreise,  Son- 
derabdruck  aus  dem  Zentralblatt  fur  Biblip- 
thekswesen,  Jahrgang  29  und  30.  Leipzig, 
O.  Harrassowitz,  1912-13.  43  p.  8°.  (Nicht 
im  Handel.) 

This  pamphlet  is  an  illuminating  account  of 
the  impressions  of  American  libraries  as 
gained  in  a  month's  visit  (April  26-May  26, 
1912)  by  the  first  director  (first  assistant  li- 
brarian) of  the  Royal  Library  of  Berlin. 

The  purpose  of  the  trip  was  first  to  study 
some  of  the  more  recent  library  buildings  of 
the  United  States,  with  special  reference  to 
their  internal  arrangement;  and  second,  the 
general  library  conditions  and  methods  of  work. 
He  was  accompanied  by  the  architect  of  the 
new  Royal  Library  and  by  his  daughter,  the 
latter  an  assistant  in  the  public  library  of 
Charlottenburg,  and  therefore  especially  inter- 
ested in  that  phase  of  American  library  work. 

The  author  first  gives  a  list  of  the  libraries 
visited  in  the  following  cities,  together  with 
the  year  of  the  completion  of  the  present 
library  building  (if  relatively  new)  and  the 
number  of  volumes  of  each : 

New  York,  Brooklyn,  Boston,  Cambridge, 
Brookline,  Springfield,  Albany,  Chicago,  St. 
Louis.  Pittsburgh,  Washington,  Philadelphia 
and  Princeton.  In  these  thirteen  cities  36 
libraries  were  visited,  and  one  cannot  help  but 
admire  the  industry  of  Dr.  Schwenke  and  his 
party  in  covering  so  much  ground  so  thor- 
oughly in  so  short  a  time.  He  gratefully  ac- 
knowledges the  hospitality  that  was  accorded 
him  everywhere. 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913 


He  discusses  his  impressions  under  the  fol- 
lowing headings: 

I.  The  buildings  (Die  Gebaude). 
II.  Library     equipment      (Bibliotheksau- 
stattung). 

III.  Internal  service   (Innerer  Dienst). 

IV.  Use   (Benutzung). 

V.  Staff  and  general  administration  (Per- 
sonal mid  allgemeine  Verwaltung). 
More  space  is  naturally  given  to  a  discussion 
of  our  library  buildings  than  to  any  of  the 
other  topics,  for  this  was  the  main  purpose  of 
his  visit.  However,  this  part  of  his  discussion 
is  perhaps  least  interesting  to  Americans,  in- 
asmuch as  it  describes  buildings  and  their 
arrangements  more  or  less  well  known,  since 
descriptions  are  easily  accessible  to  them  in 
the  English  language.  The  discussion  of  the 
separate  buildings  he  arranges  in  the  order  of 
their  erection,  starting  with  the  Newberry 
library  (1893). 

In  general  he  is  impressed  with  the  spacious 
entrance  halls,  the  magnificent  stairways  and 
corridors,  and  the  imposing  reading  rooms  of 
the  libraries  he  visited,  and  in  the  public  li- 
brary buildings  the  way  in  which  the  deliv- 
ery room  is  made  the  central  point  of  the 
general  plan  of  the  building.  He  also  notes  the 
tendency,  carried  perhaps  to  its  greatest  ex- 
tent in  the  New  York  Public  Library,  of  cut- 
ting up  the  building  into  many  rooms  and  de- 
partments, each  containing  a  special  library,  in 
the  effort  to  bring  the  special  reader  as  near 
as  possible  to  the  books  he  may  wish  to  use. 
While  this  is  most  desirable  for  the  user,  he 
calls  attention  to  the  very  great  expense  of 
administration  necessary  in  such  an  arrange- 
ment, each  special  library  requiring  at  least 
one  person  in  charge  \\ho  is  more  or  less  spe- 
cially trained  for  his  work — in  short  a  high 
grade  assistant — and  at  least  one  page  ("Lauf- 
jungen"). 

Under  library  equipment  he  discusses  the 
several  styles  of  book  stacks,  card  catalog 
cabinets,  book  carriers,  filing  cases,  reading 
room  equipment,  typewriters,  multigraph,  etc. 

The  amount  of  money  spent  for  books,  the 
methods  and  records  for  ordering  books,  the 
accession  book  and  its  uses,  systems  of  classi- 
fication and  notation,  the  tendency  to  uniform- 
ity in  cataloging,  the  standard  size  catalog  card 
and  the  efforts  for  a  central  bureau  for  print- 
ing these  cards  leading  up  to  printed  cards 
supplied  by  the  Library  of  Congress,  the  ar- 
rangement of  and  plan  of  the  dictionary  cata- 
log, bookbinding,  etc.,  are  some  of  the  proc- 
esses described  and  discussed  under  the  head- 
ing of  "Innerer  Dienst." 

Dr.  Schwenke  says  that  next  to  the  buildings 
themselves  the  things  that  impress  the  visitor 
to  American  libraries  most  are :  the  long  hours 
of  opening,  the  extent  to  which  books  are 
freely  accessible  to  the  public,  the  distribution 
of  branch  libraries  and  delivery  stations  over 
the  whole  city,  and  the  use  made  of  traveling 
libraries,  cooperation  with  schools,  children's 
libraries,  etc.,  to  take  tke  books  to  all  classes  of 


people.  In  the  reading  rooms  of  the  university 
libraries,  the  Library  of  Congress,  the  state 
libraries,  and  the  reference  departments  of  the 
public  libraries,  the  apparent  use  is  very  similar 
to  that  of  the  German  libraries,  except  that 
most  of  the  work  in  these  departments  in 
American  libraries  is  for  the  purpose  of  an- 
swering definite,  or  assigned,  questions  rather 
than  for  the  purpose  of  thorough  research. 
Dr.  Schwenke  dwells  at  some  length  on  the 
short  time  necessary  for  the  reader  to  wait  to 
get  the  book  he  asks  for.  The  use  that  is 
made  of  the  telephone,  the  printing  of  special 
lists  in  the  aid  of  readers  are  described  to 
some  extent.  Several  paragraphs  are  also 
given  to  the  comparative  figures  of  use — read- 
ers and  books  called  for  in  reading  rooms — in 
such  libraries  as  the  Newberry,  John  Crerar, 
Columbia  University,  and  the  reference  depart- 
ment of  the  New  York  Public. 

Under  the  heading  Staff  and  general  admin- 
istration is  discussed  the  professional  equip- 
ment of  librarians  and  assistants,  terms  of 
service,  etc.  He  was  especially  impressed  with 
the  large  number  of  persons  employed  as  com- 
pared with  German  libraries,  the  uncertainty 
of  the  tenure  of  assistants  who  hold  their  posi- 
tions during  "good  behavior  and  efficiency" 
(the  determination  of  which  is  in  the  hands  of 
the  librarian  and  the  library  board  without 
further  right  of  appeal),  and  the  very  large 
powers  that  are  placed  in  the  hands  of  the 
librarian  by  the  governing  boards  (one  or  two 
exceptions  being  noted),  which,  especially  in 
public  libraries,  are  inclined  to  give  the  libra- 
rian a  free  hand,  holding  him  responsible  only 
for  results.  In  short,  the  inference  is  plain 
that  in  the  United  States,  a  democratic  coun- 
try, the  administration  of  libraries  is  often  more 
or  less  autocratic. 

Altogether  Dr.  Schwenke's  impressions  of 
American  libraries  are  pleasant  and  compli- 
mentary. Nevertheless,  he  raises  a  number  of 
questions  with  reference  to  our  methods  and 
the  quality  and  character  of  our  work  which 
ought  to  receive  the  thoughtful  consideration 
not  only  of  those  individually  responsible  for 
the  administraton  of  particular  libraries,  but  of 
the  American  Library  Association  itself. 

S.  H.  R. 

THE  DIFFERENT  WEST;  as  seen  by  a  trans- 
planted easterner.  By  Arthur  E"  Bostwick. 
A.  C.  McGurg  &  Co.  I2mo,  p.  184. 
Dr.  Bostwick's  taking  style  and  sound  ob- 
servations, well  known  to  the  profession,  are 
now  having  a  wider  circulation  in  his  new 
volume  of  essays  on  the  west.  It  is  a  little 
strange  that  no  one  ever  wrote  from  just  his 
point  of  view  before.  The  west,  as  seen  by 
a  transplanted  easterner,  is  an  entrancing 
enough  subject  of  conversation  everywhere 
to  have  been  put  into  essay  form  long  ago. 
The  book  has  a  distinct  place — of  interpreta- 
tion, appreciation  and  apprajsal  of  both  sec- 
tions of  the  country,  done  with  a  genial  judg- 
ment and  a  humorous  tolerance  that  are  more 


July,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


4*3 


effective  than  the  most  biting  sarcasm.  Dr. 
Bostwick  tells  many  interesting  things  about 
the  west,  and  he  analyzes  the  east  most  neat- 
ly ;  but  what  one  remembers  about  the  book  — 
inevitably  linked  with  its  most  telling  chap- 
ters —  is  a  sense  of  the  author's  own  pleasure 
in  life  and  living,  and  his  sound,  sane  toler- 
ance of  all  kinds  of  people. 

There  are  chapters  on  "The  east's  misun- 
derstanding of  the  west,"  and,  vice  versa  on 
the  west's  political  unrest  and  its  economic 
unrest,  its  education,  literature,  science,  art 
and  society,  the  sources  of  western  popula- 
tion and  the  speech  and  manners  of  the  west 
—  all  of  which  will  do  no  harm  for  the  west- 
erner to  read  and  introspect  about,  and  the 
easterner  to  read  and  thereupon  revise  his 
vocabulary. 

"Some  readers  will  find  fault  with  this 
book,"  observes  the  author  in  a  nine-line 
preface,  "because  it  neither  gives  statistics  nor 
quotes  authorities.  It  is  well  to  say,  there- 
fore, at  the  outset,  that  it  is  written  for  those 
who  dislike  both,  and  who  like  to  read 
straight  on  without  having  their  attention  dis- 
tracted by  footnotes  or  figures.  The  author 
assumes  full  responsibility  for  what  he  says, 
and  if  he  has  inadvertently  missed  the  truth 
upon  occasion,  doubtless  it  matters  little"  —  a 
sportsmanlike  and  scholarly  apologia  for  a 
straightforward  book. 

A    BRITISH    LIBRARY    ITINERARY.      By    James 
Duff  Brown.    30  p.    Grafton  &  Co.,  London, 


As  a  practical!  guide  through  British  libra- 
ries this  handbook  fulfils  its  purpose  admir- 
ably. Mr.  Brown  includes  only  typical  libra- 
ries and  those  distinguished  by  their  scope  or 
architecture.  While  nearly  every  type  of  li- 
brary can  be  seen  in  London,  the  outlying 
cities  and  towns  offer,  to  the  leisurely  traveler, 
features  of  quite  definite  interest.  The  ar- 
rangement of  the  information  is  by  districts, 
proceeding  from  Liverpool  to  Manchester,  Bir- 
mingham, York  and  Edinburgh,  then  by  way 
of  Bristol  to  London.  A.  G.  K. 

THE  LAST  LEAF  i  observations  during  seventy- 
five  years  of  men  and  events  in  America  and 
Europe  by  James  Kendall  Hosmer.  340  p. 
Putnam's,  1912. 

This  interesting  volume  of  personal  remin- 
iscence, the  last  of  a  long  and  honorable  series 
of  history,  fiction  and  biography,  will  surely 
be  of  interest  to  the  many  friends  whom,  Dr. 
Hosmer  made  in  the  library  profession  during 
his  twelve  years  at  the  Minneapolis  Public 
Library.  As  librarian  of  one  of  the  large  pub- 
lic libraries  of  the  country,  during  which  ser- 
vice he  honored  the  American  Library  Asso- 
ciation by  serving  as  its  president,  it  is  proper 
that  notice  of  this  valedictory  volume  should 
find  a  place  in  the  columns  of  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  a 
marked  first-cousinship  between  library  work 
and  historical  scholarship  seems  indicated  by 
the  four  eminent  historians,  Winsor,  Poole, 


Thwaites  and  Hosmer,  who  have  served  as 
presidents  of  the  American  Library  Associa- 
tion. The  chronicle  of  notable  people  in  many 
walks  of  life  whom  Dr.  Hosmer  has  known 
more  or  less  intimately  is  impressive,  and  he 
writes  of  them  with  the  delightful  informality 
which  has  characterized  his  intercourse  with, 
and  endeared  him  to,  those  who  have  been 
privileged  to  know  him  personally. 

J.  W..  JR. 

periodical  ant)  otber  OLiterature 

Bindery  Talk  (Los  Angeles)  for  March- 
April  contains  several  useful  articles :  "Guar- 
anteed leather,"  "Some  patent  methods  of  sew- 
ing," by  G.  A.  Stephen;  "Bookbinding  for  li- 
brajries"  (continued),  and  "Bookbinding;  mod- 
ern methods  and  machinery." 

Pennsylvania  Library  Notes,  April,  gives  a 
ten-page  sketch  of  "Pennsylvania  library  his- 
tory." 

Public  Libraries,  June,  contains  the  second 
installment  of  "The  librarian  and  public  taste," 
by  Edwin  L.  Shuman,  and  "Specialization 
among  library  schools,"  by  Frank  K.  Walter. 

Special  Libraries,  May,  is  an  "Efficiency 
number,"  and  contains  an  ajrticle  on  "The 
value  of  the  specialized  library  for  the  business 
man,  the  salesman,  or  the  shop  expert/'  by 
St.  Elmo  Lewis,  and  a  bibliography  of  effi- 
ciency, entitled  "Select  list  of  references  on 
scientific  management  and  efficiency." 

ENGLISH 

The  Librarian  and  Book  W 'o rid,  May,  in- 
cludes "The  price  of  the  novel,"  by  A.  J.  P., 
and  a  list  of  "Best  books,"  annotated  and  clas- 
sified by  Arthur  J.  Hawkes. 

The  Library,  April,  contains  "A  plea  for 
adequate  description  in  the  cataloging  of  books 
and  pamphlets,"  by  W.  E.  A.  Axon,  and  an 
article  on  "Arrangement  of  place-name  entries 
in  subject  catalogs,  indexes  and  directories," 
by  Archibald  L.  Clarke. 

The  Library  Assistant,  June,  contains  "The 
problem  of  the  junior  assistant;"  papers  by 
W.  B.  Thorne,  Norman  Treliving,  and  Ethel 
Gerard. 

The  Library  Association  Record.  May  15, 
contains  "The  New  York  Public  Library  as 
illustrating  American  methods."  by  R.  W.  Hen- 
derson, and  "Arrangement  of  place-name  en- 
tries," by  A.  L.  Clarke. 

The  Library  World,  May,  contains  "Prac- 
tical professional  education ;  a  summary  and 
notes  on  staff  exchanges,"  by  W.  G.  Fry;  a 
second  installment  of  "The  innocents  in  Hol- 
land," and  "The  principles  of  book-charging," 
by  William  Pollitt. 

FOREIGN 

La  Coltura  Popolare,  May  15,  contains  "Bib- 
lioteche  infantile  all'  estero,"  by  Maria  San- 


424 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913 


guini,  and  "II  consorzio  per  le  biblioteche  pop- 
olari  di  Roma  e  provincial 

Maandblad  voor  Bibliotheekwesen,  May  20, 
prints  "Bibliotheektitulaituur,"  by  Fanny  Si- 
mons, and  "De  'Regels  voor  den  alfabetischen 
katalogus',"  by  L.  C.  Kloos. 

Osterreichische  Zeitschrift  fur  Bibliothek- 
swesen,  March,  contains  rather  detailed  re- 
ports from  Austrian  and  foreign  libraries,  in- 
cluding English  and  American. 

Zentralblatt  fur  Bibliothekwesen,  May,  con- 
tains ,"Zur  Frage  der  Systemiatik/'  by  P. 
Schwenke. 

SEPARATE    ARTICLES 

CHARGING  SYSTEMS. 

The  principles  of  book-charging.  By  Wil- 
liam Pollitt.  Lib.  World,  My.,  '13. 

A  summary  of  charging  systems  as  used  in 
English  libraries.  Brings  out  the  principles  of 
book  charging  very  clearly. 

THE  LIBRARIAN  AND  PUBLIC  TASTE. 

The  librarian  and  public  taste.  Edwin  L. 
Shuman.  II.  Pub.  Lib.,  Je.,  '13. 

In  his  second  article  on  library  book  selection, 
Mr.  Shuman  considers  especially  the  problem 
of  regulating  children's  reading.  He  believes 
in  satisfying  the  boy's  taste  for  adventure  and 
the  girl's  absorption  in  romance,  but  in  satis- 
fying them  both  by  providing  the  very  best 
literature  published  in  the  two  classes.  He 
draws  the  line  against  any  book  that  lets  vice 
escape  punishment  or  condones  dishonor, 
against  any  novel  built  on  false  ideas  or  cheap 
sentiment.  "A  good  test  of  any  book  is  to 
read  it  aloud  with  a  friend  whose  judgment 
you  esteem.  The  mere  uttering  of  the  words 
in  such  a  presence  will  usually  reveal  whatever 
is  false  or  absurd." 

LIBRARY  TRAINING. 

Practical  professional  education;  a  summary 
and  notes  on  staff  exchanges.  By  W.  George 
Fry.  Lib.  World,  My.,  '13. 

English  library  periodicals  have  published 
several  discussions  of  the  "staff  exchange" 
idea  which  Mr.  Fry  summarizes  here.  The 
plan  has  found  approval  in  one  place,  dis- 
approval in  another,  and  apathy  in  many. 
There  is  unfortunately  no  central  authority  to 
be  convinced.  The  exchanges  are  not  neces- 
sarily limited  to  England,  as  an  international 
system  offers  evident  advantages.  "It  is  use- 
less to  urge  upon  library  committees  the  mere 
benefits  to  assistants ;  they  want  to  know  what 
are  the  benefits  to  their  libraries.  We  must 
make  it  clear — and  it  should  not  be  difficult 
to  do  so — that  a  trained  assistant  from  another 
library  brings  necessarily  a  flow  of  new  ideas, 
is  a  tonic  for  the  staff,  and  may  suggest  im- 
provements in  the  course  of  his  work." 

NEW  YORK  PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

The  New  York  Public  Library  as  illustrat- 
ing American  methods.  By  R.  W.  Henderson. 
Lib.  Assoc.  R.,  My.  15,  '13,  p.  255-269. 


An  English  librarian,  now  employed  in  the 
New  York  Public  Library,  compares  and  crit- 
icises English  and  American  methods.  He 
finds  the  size  and  luxury  of  the  American  li- 
brary impressive,  as  well  as  the  speed  of  ser- 
vice. The  branch  library  system,  open  shelves, 
children's  work,  school  and  traveling  libraries 
win  his  approval.  He  considers  American  sal- 
aries not  much  better  than  English,  with  the 
difference  in  cost  of  living.  The  publicity 
work  is  in  the  nature  of  a  novelty  and  seems 
to  Mr.  Henderson  a  "coming"  movement. 

PICTURE  COLLECTIONS. 

Picture  and  clipping  collections.  Mary  F. 
Carpenter.  Wis.  L.  B.,  J.-F.,  '13,  p.  10-13. 

The  usefulness  of  picture  and  clipping  col- 
lections is  discussed  and  a  simple  method  given 
for  starting  such  a  collection  and  making  it 
accessible. 

REREGISTRATION. 

Reregistration.  Maud  van  Buren.  Wis.  L. 
B.,  J.-F.,  '13,  p.  14-15. 

Gives  a  practical  scheme  for  keeping  bor- 
rowers' records  up-to-date. 

STAFF  PROBLEMS. 

The  problem  of  the  junior  assistant.  The 
economic  standpoint;  by  W.  B.  Thorne.  The 
junior  assistant  and  his  environment;  by  Nor- 
man Treliving.  The  woman's  standpoint;  by 
Ethel  Gerard.  Lib.  Asst.,  Je.,  '13. 

These  short  papers  present  three  aspects  of 
a  pressing  problem  and  one  existing  outside  of 
England,  though  it  seems  almost  unanswer- 
able there.  Mr.  Thome's  paper  recommends 
a  careful  weeding  out  of  junior  assistants  at 
the  age  of  eighteen  to  leave  only  those  who 
have  a  real  "predilection  for  librarianship." 
Mr.  Treliving  considers  it  possible  that  the 
assistant  should  select  the  inspiring  elements 
of  his  environment  and  thus  escape  monotony 
and  depression,  "Do  not  let  your  environment 
kill  you."  Miss  Gerard  looks  forward  to  the 
day  when  good  work  can  be  appreciated  and 
junior  assistants  receive  their  reward. 

TRAVEL. 

The  innocents  in  Holland.  Some  impres- 
sions of  the  L.  A.  A.  third  Easter  school.  I. 
Ex.  T.-P.  Lib.  World,  A.,  '13,  p.  290-294. 

Readable  account  of  the  travels  of  the 
L.  A.  A.  Easter  school,  with  interesting  ob- 
servations on  Dutch  methods  and  administra- 
tion. For  example,  at  the  Hague  Public  Li- 
brary, "the  card  catalogs  are  held  in  trays 
ingeniously:  the  top  of  the  tray  is  removed 
and  a  strip  of  plate  glass  with  rounded  edges 
runs  over  the  center  of  the  top  from  front  to 
back,  leaving  a  space  of  about  one  inch  at 
either  side  for  the  manipulation  of  the  cards. 
This  suggestion  of  Dr.  Greve's  permits  easy 
consultation,  secures  the  cards,  and  compels 
the  user  to  handle  them  in  the  correct  man- 
ner. The  method  of  numbering  the  indi- 


July,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


425 


vidual  book  compelled  our  attention.  Small 
round  holes  are  punched  in  the  back  of  each 
book,  a  piece  of  white  paper  is  pasted  behind 
them,  and  upon  this  the  classification  and 
book  numbers  are  written." 


IRotes  anD 


FOREIGN  AGENT  FOR  MASSACHUSETTS.  —  Gov- 
ernor Foss  has  signed  the  bill  which  author- 
izes the  appointment  by  the  Free  Public  Li- 
brary Commission  of  a  director  of  educational 
work  for  aliens.  Massachusetts  is  the  first  state 
to  provide  a  special  agent  for  this  work.  Such 
efforts  as  the  commissioners  have  already  made 
to  extend  library  work*  among  the  foreign 
population  have  been  received  with  much  en- 
thusiasm, and  many  requests  have  come  in 
from  the  larger  towns  and  cities.  The  bill 
provides  that  the  foreign  agent  shall  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  board  with  the  consent  of  the 
governor  for  a  period  not  exceeding  five  years, 
and  that  a  sum  not  exceeding  $500  shall  be 
appropriated  annually  to  meet  expenses  con- 
nected with  the  agent's  work. 

CHICAGO'S  MUNICIPAL  REFERENCE  LIBRARY.— 
The  public  library  has  taken  over  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  Municipal  Reference  Library, 
maintained  heretofore  as  a  separate  bureau  in 
the  city  hall.  The  consolidation  of  this  bureau 
with  the  civics  room  of  the  public  library  will 
prevent  their  duplicating  each  other's  work  and 
make  both  more  effective  adjuncts  to  the  city 
government. 

DANTE  MEMORIAL  UNVEILED.  —  An  enthusiastic 
gathering  of  over  a  thousand  Boston  Italians 
were  present  at  the  unveiling  of  the  bas-relief 
of  Dante  Alighieri  in  the  North  End  Branch 
Library,  June  i.  Miss  Amy  Bernardo,  of 
Rome,  a  member  of  the  central  council  of  the 
Dante  Society,  was  the  principal  speaker.  Lu- 
ciano Campisi,  an  Italian  sculptor,  designed 
the  relief,  which  was  made  in  Tuscany.  The 
design  is  symbolic,  representing  Dante  as  the 
father  of  Italian  art  and  literature. 

EFFICIENCY.  —  What  the  world  has  said  about 
efficiency  is  listed  in  the  May  issue  of  Special 
Libraries,  the  publication  of  the  Special  Libra- 
ries Association.  The  application  of  this  new 
doctrine  has  pervaded  society,  and  is  entering 
into  the  everyday  work  of  most  of  our  live 
business  and  industrial  concerns.  Men  who 
know  have  been  writing  about  its  application 
to  the  many  fields  of  human  activity  and  their 
writings  have  made  a  deep  impression.  Nearly 
twelve  hundred  titles  are  given  in  this  new 
bibliography;  classified  into  a  dozen  main  fields 
where  efficiency  has  been  talked  about  and 
applied.  The  work  is  authoritative,  having 
been  done  under  the  supervision  of  H.  PI.  B. 
Meyer,  bibliographer  of  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress. Copies  may  be  obtained  at  25  cents 
from  the  secretary  of  the  Special  Libraries 
Association,  93  Broad  street,  Boston,  Mass. 


TECHNICAL  LIBRARY  FOR  PRISON. — If  the  sug- 
gestion of  O.  H.  L.  Wernicke,  of  the  prison 
board  of  control,  is  carried  out,  the  Michigan 
state  prison  at  Jackson  will  have  a  large  tech- 
nical library  for  the  use  of  convicts  engaged 
in  various  trades. 

PRINCETON'S  SPECIAL  COLLECTIONS.  —  The 
Princeton  University  Library  is  making  a  spe- 
cial commencement  exhibition  of  the  no  less  than 
seven  unique  special  collections  received  dur- 
ing the  past  year.  The  exhibit  includes:  (i) 
three  additional  volumes  fronr  the  Hoe  sale, 
given  by  Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  '79,  on  Ves- 
pucci, and  bringing  the  collection  of  rare  orig- 
inal editions  on  Vespucci  up  to  eight;  (2)  a 
deposit  collection  of  over  three  hundred  books 
of  Cruikshankiana,  with  broadsides,  water 
colors,  autographs,  etc.  These  are  from  R.  W. 
Meirs,  '88,  and  form  possibly  the  choicest  col- 
lection on  this  great  caricaturist  in  America. 
(3)  A  collection  of  Cruikshankiana,  presented 
by  Alexander  Van  Rensselaer,  '71;  (4)  addi- 
tions to  the  Patterson  collection  of  Horaces  of 
unusual  interest,  including  several  manuscripts 
and  the  first  English  translation;  (5)  selec- 
tions from  a  collection  of  623  Babylonian  tab- 
lets presented  by  Professor  R.  Brimnow,  Robert 
Garrett,  '97;  Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  '79;  M. 
Taylor  Pyne,  '77;  Russell  W.  Moore,  '83; 
Richard  Wayne  Parker,  '67;  Kenneth  C.  Kirt- 
land,  '93 ;  Charles  A.  Munn,  '81 ;  Martin  D. 
Wylly,  '75;  Sheldon  Franklin.  '03;  Simeon  H. 
Rollinson,  '93;  Professor  J.  Leverett  Moore, 
'81,  and  Miss  Edith  Ward;  (6)  a  collection  of 
35  tablets,  presented  by  Wilfred  J.  Funk,  '09, 
and  George  W.  Gilmore,  '83;  (7)  a  partial  ex- 
hibition of  the  Hutton  collection  of  association 
books  and  pictures.  The  late  Lawrence  Hut- 
ton  (Princeton  M.A.)  numbered  among  his 
friends  many  of  the  best  known  literary  men 
and  actors  of  his  time.  He  left  his  collection 
to  trustees  to  be  located  in  some  safe  place  for 
a  permanent  memorial,  and,  according  to  what 
is  understood  to  have  been  the  personal  prefer- 
ence of  the  collector,  who  became  an  ard'ent 
Princetonian,  it  has  been  presented  by  the 
testamentary  trustees  to  the  university  for  such 
memorial.  This  collection  has  been  only  partly 
arranged,  but  several  hundred  books  and  auto- 
graphed pictures  have  been  placed  in  the  alcove 
with  the  Hutton  death  mask  collection. 

RAPID  GROWTH  OF  CHICAGO  LIBRARY. — In  his 
last  message  as  president  of  the  board  of  di- 
rectors, Robert  J.  Roulston  describes  the  re- 
markable development  of  the  Chicago  Public 
Library.  "In  1908  the  Cleveland  Public  Li- 
brary issued  a  placard  giving  relative  standing 
as  determined  by  official  statistics  of  the  ten 
leading  library  systems  of  the  United  States. 
In  this  rating,  as  shown  by  this  compilation, 
Chicago  had  standing  as  follows:  population, 
second ;  number  of  volumes  in  the  library, 
fifth;  books  issued  for  home  use,  sixth;  circu- 
lation per  capita,  tenth;  percentage  of  regis- 
tered borrowers,  tenth.  It  is  a  source  of  pride 
that  the  Chicago  Public  Library  system  has 


426 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913 


advanced  rapidly  since  this  tabular  statement 
was  issued,  and  that  now  it  ranks  second  in  the 
matter  of  books  issued  for  home  use  instead 
of  sixth,  although  in  the  number  of  books  in 
the  library  it  is  now  but  fourth.  Since  that 
time  the  number  of  registered  borrowers  has 
been  increased  more  than  sixty  per  cent." 

BRANCH  LIBRARIES  FOR  TEACHERS. — As  many 
Philadelphia  teachers  find  it  difficult  to  consult 
the  Pedagogical  Library  in  the  center  of  the 
city,  branches  are  to  be  established  in  eight  of 
the  ten  school  districts.  A  list  of  70  books 
has  been  recommended  by  the  librarian  as 
especially  valuable  to  teachers. 

VIRGINIA  ARCHIVES.— The  Virginia  State  Li- 
brary has  received  from  Auditor  C.  Lee  Moore 
all  the  ancient  records  in  possession  of  his 
office.  They  include  receipts  of  the  state  in 
Revolutionary  times,  muster  rolls  of  soldiers, 
salary  accounts,  etc.  An  especially  valuable 
find  is  the  financial  records  of  the  George 
Rogers  Qarke  expedition.  The  collection  un- 
doubtedly contains  much  historical  data  of 
importance. 

LIBRARIES  IN  COUNTRY  SCHOOLS. — Every  coun- 
try school  in  the  state  of  Wisconsin  has  a 
small  library  of  good  books.  A  number  of 
years  ago  a  law  was  enacted  providing  that 
ten  cents  for  each  child  of  school  age  was  to 
be  withheld  from  the  state  aid  to  each  district 
and  that  this  money  should  be  used  for  the 
purchase  of  library  books.  As  a  result  the 
children  in  the  country  schools  have  an  assort- 
ment of  good  library  books.  Every  year  finds 
the  school  library  more  used.  The  libraries 
add  much  to  the  efficiency  of  the  school  work, 
and  give  the  children  many  educational  ad- 
vantages not  enjoyed  before  the  law  went  into 
effect.  There  are  not  far  from  a  million  vol- 
umes in  Wisconsin  rural  school  libraries,  cost- 
ing approximately  half  a  million  dollars. 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY. — Beginning 
with  the  academic  year  1913-14,  each  candi- 
date for  the  degree  of  doctor  of  philosophy 
will  be  required  to  print  and  deliver  to  the 
registrar  100  copies  of  his  dissertation  instead 
of  30  copies,  as  hitherto.  The  additional  copies 
will  enable  the  library  to  extend  considerably 
its  exchange  relations  with  other  institutions. 

PUBLICITY  MEASURES. — A  series  of  articles  in 
the  Providence  Journal,  by  the  librarian,  Wil- 
liam E.  Foster,  have  been  aiding  citizens  in 
"getting  acquainted  with  the  Providence  Pub- 
lic Library."  They  have  covered  such  sub- 
jects as  "What  the  building  contains,"  "The 
branches,  present  and  prospective,"  "Why  em- 
phasis has  been  laid  on  reference  work,"  "The 
library  in  its  relation  to  industry  and  trade," 
etc. 

"It  is  the  purpose  of  these  articles,"  writes 
Mr.  Foster,  "not  only  to  show  that  there  is 
such  a  library,  but  that  it  contains  this  or  that 
attractive  feature,  that  its  resources  are  for 
the  booklover  and  for  the  man  who  has  yet  to 


form  the  reading  habit;  for  the  foreign  reader 
as  well  as  the  native  reader;  that  it  is  intended 
to  supply  (in  the  shape  of  its  books)  the 
means  of  enjoyment,  pure  and  simple,  on  the 
one  hand,  and,  on  the  other  hand,  to  supply 
needed  information  from  its  stores  of  books, 
when  required  for  definitely  practical  purposes ; 
that  it  stands  in  close  relations 'of  cooperation 
with  the  schools,  the  local  industries,  and  the 
business  man ;  and  that  it  contains — besides  its 
books — rich  stores  of  pictures,  music  and  other 
sources  of  attractions." 

MEDICAL  LIBRARY  NEEDS  $500,000.— A  circular 
pamphlet,  just  issued  by  the  New  York  Acad- 
emy of  Medicine,  appeals  to  the  public  for  the 
$500,000  necessary  for  a  new  building.  Though 
maintained  entirely  by  the  medical  profession, 
this  library  is  open  to  the  public  five  hours  a 
day.  Since  it  is  one  of  the  leading  medical 
collections  of  the  world,  it  supplements  the 
New  York  Public  Library  in  its  special  field. 

CONNECTICUT  NAVAL  RECORDS. — In  accordance 
with  an  act  of  Congress  authorizing  the  collec- 
tion of  the  military  and  naval  records  of  the 
Revolutionary  War,  George  S.  Godard,  state 
librarian  of  Connecticut,  asks  that  those  who 
own  or  know  of  such  records  will  communi- 
cate with  him.  Connecticut  was  well  repre- 
sented in  the  navy  of  the  Revolution  and  should 
be  able  to  furnish  interesting  records. 

JEWISH  LIBRARY  SAVED. — In  the  great  fire  in 
Pressburg,  Hungary,  May  17,  the  Jewish  The- 
ological School  building  was  destroyed,  but 
the  celebrated  library  belonging  to  the  school 
was  saved. 

SCHOOL  HYGIENE. — An  exhibition  to  be  held 
in  connection  with  the  International  Congress 
on  School  Hygiene  at  Buffalo,  Aug.  25-30,  is 
intended  to  cover  all  phases  of  health  educa- 
tion and  sanitary  conditions.  Libraries  are 
urged  to  contribute  material  on  (i)  the  sani- 
tary equipment  and  control  of  the  library 
building,  its  contents,  patrons,  and  employees ; 
(2)  any  service  the  library  renders  towards 
health  education,  either  through  providing 
class  room  material,  public  addresses,  ex- 
hibits or  otherwise.  It  is  hoped  that  this  ex- 
hibition will  offer  adequate  recognition  of  the 
very  real  contribution  which  the  library  is 
making  towards  the  physical  welfare  of  pupils 
in  schools  and  higher  institutions  of  learning. 

SOUND-PROOF  MUSICAL  LIBRARY. — When  the 
Los  Angeles  Public  Library  moves  to  its  new 
quarters  in  the  building-  to  be  erected  at  Fifth 
and  Broadway,  it  will  possess  a  musical  library 
of  a  new  sort.  The  room  is  to  be  sound- 
proofed and  entirely  separated  from  the  main 
library.  It  will  be  equipped  with  pianos,  so 
that  music  may  be  tried  by  those  who  prefer 
to  hear  music  before  purchasing  it.  Later  it 
is  expected  that  graphophone  and  phonograph 
records  will  be  provided. 

EMPLOYEES'  LIBRARIES. — The  Chicago  library 
board  has  adopted  a  cooperative  scheme  for 


July,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


427 


the  establishment  of  branch  libraries  in  manu- 
facturing and  commercial  plants.  Wherever  a 
considerable  number  of  people  are  working 
together  the  board  stands  ready  to  establish  a 
branch  library,  provided  a  suitable  room  is  set 
aside  for  displaying  the  books  and  the  salary 
of  the  necessary  librarian  and  attendants  is 
paid  by  the  employer. 

Caldivell,  N.  J.  A  library  building,  to  be 
known  as  the  Grover  Cleveland  Memorial  Li- 
brary, is  to  be  erected  from  Andrew  Carnegie's 
gift  of  $10,000. 

Columbia  University.  The  papers  of  Fred- 
erick William  Holls,  of  the  class  of  1878,  have 
been  presented  to  the  university  by  Mr.  Robert 
W.  Sayles,  of  Cambridge,  Massachusetts.  They 
number  1922  pieces,  and  include  letter  copy 
books  as  well  as  letters  to  Andrew  D.  White, 
Mr.  John  Barrett,  and  others  interested  in 
international  relations,  in  German  affairs,  and 
in  other  public  questions,  principally  the  educa- 
tion bill  of  the  state  of  New  York,  1899-1900, 
the  international  conference  of  the  American 
states  held  in  Mexico  in  1901,  and  the  Alaskan 
boundary  treaty  of  1903. 

Detroit,  Mich.  At  the  architectural  competi- 
tion for  the  new  main  library  building,  the 
special  jury  found  the  design  submitted  by 
Cass  Gilbert  the  most  meritorious.  Mr.  Gil- 
bert is  the  architect  of  the  Woolworth  build- 
.ing  in  New  York. 

Fort  Smith,  Ark.  The  city  has  voted  $1000 
above  the  annual  appropriation  for  the  pur- 
chase of  books  for  the  Carnegie  City  Library. 

Portland,  Ore.  A  municipal  reference  li- 
brary has  just  been  opened  in  the  City  Hall, 
Portland,  Ore.,  by  the  cooperation  of  the  mayor 
and  council  with  the  Library  Association  of 
Portland.  The  library  will  be  a  department  of 
the  Library  Association,  space  being  furnished 
in  the  City  Hall  building  by  the  city  authori- 
ties. Mrs.  C  B.  Kelliher,  late  of  the  New 
York  Public  Library  School,  will  take  charge 
on  July  i.  Mrs.  Kelliher  is  visiting  the  mu- 
nicipal reference  libraries  of  New  York, 
Brooklyn,  Baltimore,  Chicago  and  Milwaukee 
on  her  way  to  the  coast. 

Reading,  Pa.  The  Carnegie  library  was 
dedicated  Thursday,  May  15.  The  speakers 
were  John  Thomson,  librarian  of  the  Free 
Library  of  Philadelphia,  Mayor  Richmond  L. 
Jones,  ex-Mayor  William  Rick,  and  Edward 
A.  Howell,  librarian.  A  letter  from  Mr.  Car- 
negie was  read,  regretting  that  he  could  not 
attend  the  dedication. 

Bodleian  L.,  Oxford.  Charles  Francis 
Adams,  of  Boston,  lecturer  on  the  history  and 
institutions  of  the  United  States,  has  do'nated 
to  the  library  his  salary  of  $1000  for  the  pur- 
chase of  works  on  American  history. 

Manchester,  Eng.  The  North-Western  Sum- 
mer School  of  Librarianship  meets  at  the  John 


Rylands  Library,  Manchester,  on  June  11-13. 
An  examination  on  the  subject-matter  of  the 
lectures  is  to  be  held  and  prizes  awarded  the 
best  papers  sent  in. 

^librarians 

ADAMS,  Edward  Brinley,  librarian  of  the 
Social  Law  Library  of  Cambridge,  has  been 
chosen  librarian  of  the  Harvard  Law  School, 
to  succeed  John  Hime  Arnold. 


J  Elva  L.,  who  is  severing  her  con- 
nection with  the  A.  L.  A.  Booklist,  will  become 
the  head  of  a  new  department  in  the  Wiscon- 
sin Library  Commission,  the  "Book  selection 
and  study  club  department."  Her  time  will 
largely  be  given  to  helping  the  libraries  in  the 
state  in  their  book  selection  problems,  and  in 
developing  the  study  club  work.  She  will  also 
conduct  the  course  in  book  selection  in  the 
Library  School. 

BOWERMAN,  George  Franklin,  librarian  of  the 
public  library,  Washington,  D.  C.,  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  doctor  of  letters  from 
George  Washington  University  "in  considera- 
tion of  the  great  work  he  has  accomplished 
since  taking  charge  of  the  library  in  1904." 


COLGROVE,    Mabel    E.,    is    leaving    Coxackie, 
.  Y.,  for  a  position  in  Newark,  N.  J. 


N 


^  Adelaide  F.,  who  has  had  charge 
temporarily  of  the  catalog  department  of  the 
Louisville  Free  Public  Library,  has  been  ap- 
pointed head  cataloger  of  the  Free  Public  Li- 
brary, Newark,  N.  J.,  and  will  take  charge  the 
middle  of  August. 

IMAI,  K.,  of  Osaka,  Japan,  is  sending  to  his 
American  library  hosts  a  little  note  informing 
them  of  his  safe  return  and  tendering  them 
his  best  thanks  for  the  kindness  and  courtesy 
shown  to  him  during  his  recent  visits. 

PRICE,  Anna  May,  Illinois,  1000,  will  have 
charge  of  the  course  in  library  methods  given 
during  the  summer  session  at  the  University 
of  Utah,  Salt  Lake  City.  She  will  be  assisted 
by  Miss  Emma  Felsenthal,  Illinois,  1912. 

SMITH,  Henry  Preserved,  professor  in  the 
Meadville  Theological  School,  has  just  been 
appointed  chief  librarian  of  Union  Theological 
Seminary,  New  York. 

TYLER.  Alice  S.,  for  nearly  13  years  secre- 
tary of  the  Iowa  Library  Commission,  has  re- 
signed from  that  office  to  become  the  director 
of  the  library  school  of  Western  Reserve  Uni- 
versity, Cleveland,  Ohio. 

WHITTLESEY,  Julia  M.,  with  the  close  of  the 
school  year  1912-13,  tenders  her  resignation  as 
director  of  the  Western  Reserve  Library 
School,  in  order  to  devote  herself  for  the  im- 
mediate future  to  her  home  and  her  aging 


428 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913 


mother,  who  needs  her  companionship.  With 
the  exception  of  one  year  taken  for  rest  and 
recuperation  she  has  been  with  this  school  con- 
tinuously from  its  beginning,  as  instructor  ajnd 
director,  coming  to  it  from  Simmons  College 
Library  School,  where  she  was  one  of  the  first 
instructors.  Miss  Whittlesey  and  her  many 
library  friends  are  hoping  that  her  withdrawal 
from  library  work  may  be  only  temporary. 

(3ffts  anfc  Bequests 

Alfred,  Me.  Mrs.  Philip  Willis  Mclntyre 
has  presented  to  the  Parsons  Library,  as  a 
memorial  to  her  husband,  his  library  of  800 
volumes. 

Bayonne,  N.  J.  Andrew  Carnegie  has  agreed 
to  give  $30,000  for  an  addition  to  the  public 
library,  which  wa)s  originally  a  Carnegie  build- 
ing. 

Bennington,  Vt.  The  Bennington  Free  Li- 
brary receives  $5000  by  the  will  of  the  late 
Olin  Scott. 

Billerica,  Mass.  The  Bennett  Public  Li- 
brary has  received  $10,000  from  Mrs.  Rebecca 
B.  Warren,  the  income  of  which  is  to  be  used 
for  annual  expenses. 

Billings,  Mont.  The  Jessie  Kirkpatrick  Li- 
brary at  the  Billings  Polytechnic  Institute  has 
received  1000  volumes  from  Dr.  and  Mrs.  J.  A. 
Kirkpatrick. 

Brunswick,  Me.  The  Captain  John  Curtis 
Memorial  Library  receives  968  volumes  from 
the  private  collection  of  the  late  Ralph  E. 
Cobb,  of  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Chicago,  III.  The  work  of  the  library  of 
the  Hebrew  Institute,  Lytle  and  West  Taylor 
streets,  will  be  extended  as  a  result  of  the  gift 
of  $1500  made  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Julius  Rosen- 
wald. 

Dayton,  Ohio.  The  Carnegie  library  board 
has  given  $i5..ooo  for  the  restocking  of  the 
two  branch  libraries  damaged  by  the  flood. 

Franklinville,  N.  Y.  Judge  Blont,  of  Wash- 
ington, has  given  $5000  for  a  new  library 
building. 

Johnstoivn,  N.  Y.  A  gift  of  $1000  to  the 
public  library  has  been  made  by  Caroline  M. 
Evans,  Richard  M.  Evans,  and  James  M. 
Evans,  to  be  known  as  the  Carolyn  Lois 
Evans  Memorial  Fund. 

Minneapolis,  Minn.  Sumner  T.  McKnight 
and  his  sisters,  Mrs.  Franklin  M.  Crosby  and 
Mrs.^  George  C.  Christian,  have  given  to  the 
public  library  board  a  site  for  the  proposed 
south  central  branch  building,  which  is  to  be  a 
gift  from  Andrew  Carnegie. 

Owosso,  Mich.  The  city  has  accepted  the 
$20,000  library  offered  by  Andrew  Carnegie, 


and  will  expend  not  less  than  $2000  a  year  on 
maintenance. 

Pepperell,  Mass.  By  the  will  of  Mrs.  Jennie 
L.  Williams,  the  Lawrence  Library  receives 
$10,000. 

Rutland,  Vt.  By  the  will  of  Mrs.  Florence 
B.  Cutts,  of  Los  Angeles,  the  Rutland  Public 
Library  receives  a  bequest  of  $10,000. 

Saginaw,  Mich.  William  S.  Fish  has  given 
to  the  school  district  of  West  Saginaw  $25,000 
for  a  public  library,  to  be  known  as  the  But- 
man-Fish  Library,  in  memory  of  his  wife  and 
her  father,  the  late  Myron  Butman. 

Sherburne,  N.  Y.  By  the  will  of  John  H. 
O'Brian,  $500  is  given  to  the  Sherburne  Public 
Library,  the  principal  to  be  kept  as  a  fund  in 
memory  of  Mr.  O'Brian's  wife  and  daughter. 

Xtbcarp  Reports 

Bangor  (Me.)  P.  L.  Mrs.  Mary  H.  Curran, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  6215;  total 
13,208.  New  registration  4284.  Circulation, 
books  54,259;  unbound  magazines  7657. 

Burlington,  Vt.  Fletcher  F.  L.  George 
Dana  Smith,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Acces- 
sions 1589;  total  38,858.  Circulation  78,325. 
New  registration  980;  total  7600. 

Cambridge  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Clarence  W. 
Ayer,  Ibn.  Circulation  298,049. 

The  trustees  recommend  the  establishment 
of  a  branch  library  in  or  near  Central  Square. 
The  central  library  also  needs  a  new  wing  to 
provide  an  audience  hall  and  an  enlargement 
of  the  children's  and  reference  rooms.  Bor- 
rowers have  been  granted  the  privilege  of  tak- 
ing as  many  non-fiction  books  on  their  non- 
fiction  card  as  they  desire,  provided  they  do 
not  select  those  restricted  for  any  reason. 
Story  hours  have  been  held  with  marked  suc- 
cess. The  East  Cambridge  branch  has  been 
redecorated  and  improved  as  to  furnishings, 
lighting,  etc.  Besides  the  usual  work  with 
schools  a  small  collection  was  deposited  with 
the  evening  school  and  had  excellent  results. 

Chicago,  III.  John  Crerar  L.  Clement  W. 
Andrews,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
21,005;  total  324,000.  Attendance  154,834.  To- 
tal use  estimated  at  480,000  books  and  period- 
icals. Income  $222,206.44 ;  expenses  $170,760.10. 
A  site  for  a  library  building  has  been  acquired 
on  the  northwest  corner  of  Michigan  avenue 
and  Randolph  street.  As  leases  of  buildings 
on  this  lot  cannot  be  terminated  before  May  i, 
1915,  1916  is  the  earliest  date  at  which  the 
new  building  can  be  ready  for  occupancy.  Ad- 
ditional space  has  been  secured  from  Marshall 
Field  &  Co.  to  provide  for  growth  until  that 
time.  A  cameragraph  has  been  installed  to 
relieve  the  library  from  granting  requests  for 
inter-library  loans.  Its  use  has  proved  greater 


July,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


429 


in  amount  and  wider  in  scope  than  was  an- 
ticipated. An  order  has  been  placed  for  all 
German  theses,  school  programs,  etc.,  on  sub- 
jects within  the  scope  of  the  library;  they  are 
to  be  bound  together  by  institutions  in  volumes 
forming  a  series  and  to  be  cataloged  by  a  sub- 
scription to  five  copies  of  the  printed  cards  of 
the  Royal  Library  of  Berlin.  The  library  re- 
peated the  experiment  of  cooperative  buying 
in  Europe  through  Dr.  Lichtenstein,  of  North- 
western University,  and  found  the  results 
equally  satisfactory. 

Dallas  (Tex.}  P.  L.  Rosa  M.  Leeper,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.— yr.  ending  A.  30,  1913.)  Accessions 
3592;  total  39,144-  Circulation  90,110.  New 
registration  3692;  total  11,566.  Receipts  $19,- 
375-75J  expenditures  $17,816.15. 

Small  collections  of  books  are  maintained  at 
12  school  buildings.  The  erection  of  the  two- 
story  metal  stack  with  35,000  volume  capacity 
doubled  the  shelf  room.  The  municipal  refer- 
ence collection  started  this  year  has  already 
proved  valuable.  A  branch  library  for  the 
colored  people  is  much  needed.  At  the  con- 
vention of  the  Associated  Advertising  Clubs 
of  America,  held  in  the  library  last  May,  the 
library  had  a  collection  of  library  bulletins, 
reports,  lists,  etc.,  showing  methods  of  library 
advertising. 

Dover  (N.  H.}  P.  L.  Caroline  H.  Garland, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  1165;  total 
40,736.  Circulation  70,244.  Registration  412. 
Receipts  $5968.93;  expenditures  $5850.81. 

The  demand  for  books  on  the  drama  has 
greatly  increased,  due  to  the  influence  of  study 
clubs  and  the  Drama  League.  Story  hours 
have  been  observed  regularly  and  several  ex- 
hibits held  in  the  children's  room. 

Houston  (Tex.}  Carnegie  L.  Julia  Ideson, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  A.  30,  1913.)  Acces- 
sions 4088;  total  39,126.  Circulation  112,663. 
New  registration  3502;  total  13,464.  Receipts 
$12,72874;  expenditures  $12,202.28. 

The  separate  room  for  children's  work  has 
brought  increased  use  of  that  department. 
Eight  distributing  agencies  are  in  use  and 
more  stations  are  needed. 

Indiana  State  L.  In  the  twenty-ninth  bien- 
nial report,  the  librarian  of  the  Indiana  State 
Library  reports  an  increase  in  circulation — 2415 
borrowers  in  1910-11,  3148  in  1911-12.  The 
number  of  readers  remain  about  the  same — 
7405  in  1910-11,  and  7417  in  1911-12.  The  ac- 
cessions for  the  two  years  amounted  to  5140. 

The  legislative  reference  department  has 
extended  its  work  of  making  available  to 
legislators  the  experience  of  the  state  in  mat- 
ters of  legislation  and  administration.  The 
legislative  bills  introduced  during  the  sessions 
of  1905,  1907,  1909  and  1911  have  been  in- 
dexed in  cumulative  form.  Cooperation  among 
legislative  and  municipal  reference  depart- 
ments of  the  states  and  cities  is  maintained 
through  Special  Libraries  and  the  National 
Municipal  Review. 


The  library  now  has  577  volumes  in  em- 
bossed type  for  the  blind,  and  loans  an  aver- 
age of  20  volumes  per  month. 

The  clearing  house  for  magazines  has 
proved  a  great  success,  and  is  paying  well  for 
the  effort.  The  library  has  on  hand  about 
900  complete  volumes  and  9000  separate  num- 
bers. Twenty  libraries  have  received  and 
nineteen  have  sent  magazines  to  the  clearing 
house. 

A  new  building  has  become  necessary  if  the 
library  is  to  develop.  A  state  library  and 
museum  can  be  built  adjoining  the  present 
State  House  grounds,  which  would  house  the 
library,  museum,  Library  Commission,  His- 
torical Society,  Board  of  Education  and  In- 
diana Academy  of  Science. 

The  report  contains,  as  an  appendix,  Bul- 
letin No.  5  of  the  legislative  Reference  De- 
partment, "Digest  of  the  laws  of  Indiana  of 
special  application  to  women  and  children." 

Joplin  (Mo.)  F.  P.  L.  Mary  B.  Swanwick, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  to  A.  30,  1913.)  Accessions 
2702;  total  19,156.  Circulation  75,777-  New 
registration  1282.  Receipts  $15,293.45;  expen- 
ditures $7524.57. 

Leavemvorth  (Kan.}  F.  P.  L.  Irving  R. 
Bundy,  Ibn.  Accessions  1598;  total  20,365.  Cir- 
culation 67,729.  Registration  4441.  Receipts 
$8299.23;  expenditures  $5814.17. 

Boxes  of  books  were  sent  to  the  more  re- 
mote schools  for  distribution.  Fifteen  story 
hours  were  held  for  the  younger  children. 
Small  book  collections  have  been  maintained 
at  the  William  Small  Home  and  the  fire  sta- 
tions. Book  lists  have  been  published  in  the 
newspapers  and  printed  as  book- marks 

Michigan  State  L.,  Lansing.  Mary  C.  Spen- 
cer, Ibn.  Accessions,  books  25,709;  documents 
32,000.  Circulation  128,323.  Receipts  $23,- 
518.54;  expenditures  $23,020.51. 

New  Britain  (Conn.}  Institute.  Anna  G. 
Rockwell,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
4339;  total  40,000.  Circulation  104,350.  Regis- 
tration 13,096.  Receipts  $12,824.51 ;  expendi- 
tures $12,547.04. 

New  Orleans  (La.}  P.  L.  Henry  M.  Gill, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  8205  ;  total 
117,273.  Circulation  472,868.  New  registra- 
tion 6574;  total  23,017.  Receipts  $46,576.18; 
expenditures  $43,488.85. 

The  work  with  the  pupils  of  the  colleges  and 
schools  has  been  even  more  satisfactory  than 
that  of  last  year.  There  has  been  an  unusual 
call  for  foreijrn  drama,  books  on  commission 
government,  on  work  with  backward  children, 
and  on  the  study  of  Spanish.  The  policy  of 
placing  a  liberal  number  of  attendants  in  the 
stacks  to  aid  readers  in  finding  what  they 
want  has  proved  valuable.  A  large  number  of 
adults,  especially  teachers,  are  regular  bor- 
rowers from  the  juvenile  collection.  The  story 
hour  was  conducted  in  both  main  library  and 
branches  by  members  of  the  Story  Tellers' 
League. 


430 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  1913 


Ottumwa  (/a.)  P.  L.  May  B.  Ditch,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  1740;  total  31,- 
142.  Circulation  84,759.  New  registration 
2510;  total  6319.  Receipts  $6491.34;  expendi- 
tures $6191.91. 

Special  reading  lists  and  bibliographies  have 
been  prepared  for  clubs,  classes,  etc.  Story 
hours  were  held  every  Saturday  afternoon 
from  Oct.  i  to  April  i,  with  a  total  attendance 
of  1115.  Work  with  the  schools  was  con- 
tinued and  other  deposit  stations,  among  them 
the  hospital,  Y.  M.  C  A.  and  Y.  W.  C.  A., 
and  the  American  Home  Finding  Association 
were  maintained. 

Port  Jervis  (N.  Y.)  F.  L.  Anna  E.  Wells, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  ending  A.  30,  1913.)  Acces- 
sions 828;  total  19,885.  Circulation  49,644. 
New  registration  481;  total  3180. 

St.  Joseph  (Mo.)  F.  P.  L.  Charles  E.  Rush, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  ending  A.  30,  '13.)  Acces- 
sions 5469;  total  66,436.  Circulation  279,721. 
New  registration  5885;  total  15,641.  Receipts 
$24,204.70;  expenditures  $24,178.14. 

The  central  library  building  is  so  inadequate 
in  size  that  expansion  of  work  is  becoming 
well-nigh  impossible.  Efforts  to  emphasize  the 
practical  value  of  the  library  to  professional, 
business  and  employed  men  of  the  city  resulted 
in  an  increased  percentage  of  practical  read- 
ing. In  April,  an  Edison  Home  Kinetoscope, 
equipped  for  both  moving  picture  films  and 
stereopticon  slides,  was  purchased  for  story 
hour  use  at  the  branches.  Four  new  deposit 
stations  were  opened  and  the  school  stations 
had  a  very  successful  year. 

Taunt  on  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Joshua  E.  Crane, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  1876.  Cir- 
culation 83,745.  New  registration  800.  Re- 
ceipts $10,453.78;  expenditures  $10,929.01. 

Weston  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Maude  M.  Pennock, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  ending  F.  28,  1913.)  Acces- 
sions 580;  total  20,737.  Circulation  17,194. 

Wilkes-Barre,  Pa.  Osterhout  F.  L.  Myra 
Poland,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
2186;  total  44,113.  Circulation  135,105.  Regis- 
tration 15,870. 

Woburn  (Mass.)  P.  L.  G.  H.  Evans,  Ibn. 
(Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  970;  total  51,124. 
Circulation  60,022.  New  registration  742 ;  total 
3884.  Expenditures  $7709.01. 

Class  room  libraries  have  been  placed  in  the 
Johnson  and  Goodyear  schools  and  have  proved 
very  successful.  A  weekly  library  corner  has 
been  conducted  in  the  two  daily  papers,  and 
takes  the  place  of  the  bulletin  formerly  pub- 
lished. The  renovation  of  the  heating  plant 
and  the  construction  of  a  safe  deposit  vault 
mark  the  beginning  of  much  needed  changes 
m  the  library  building. 

Manila,  P.  L  Bureau  of  Science  L.  Mary 
Polk,  Ibn.  (Rpt— yr.  ending  Ag.  i,  1912.) 
Accessions  2225.  Circulation  8420. 


ENGLISH 

Batter  sea  (Eng.)  P.  L.  Lawrence  Inkster, 
Ibn.  (Rpt— 1912-13.)  Accessions  998;  total 
60,130.  Circulation  424*843-  Registration  13,- 
139. 

Cambridge  University  L.,  Cambridge,  Eng. 
F.  J.  H.  Jenkinson,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.) 
Accessions  65,751.  Circulation  31,492.  Income 
£7887;  expenditure  £7945. 

Cardiff  (Wales)  Libraries  Committee.  Harry 
Farr,  Ibn.  (Rpt— 1911-12.)  Accessions  n,- 
226;  total  213,065.  Circulation  785,233.  Re- 
ceipts £7798  I7s.  i  id. ;  expenditures  £7706  8s.  id. 

Printed  with  the  report  is  an  address  by  Sir 
Frederic  Kenyon,  K.C.B.,  on  "The  duty  of  the 
citizen  towards  the  public  library." 

Liverpool  (Eng.)  Libraries,  Museums,  and 
Arts  Com.  George  T.  Shaw,  chief  Ibn.  (Rpt. 
— yr.  1912.)  Circulation  2,424,460.  Volumes 
in  ref.  dept.  164,593;  in  lending  libraries  and 
reading  rooms  174,203.  Borrowers  60,546.  At- 
tendance on  free  lectures  71,148. 

Norwich  (Eng.)  P.  L.  George  A.  Ste- 
phens, Ibn.  (Rpt— yr.  ending  M.  31,  1913.) 
Accessions  2195.  Circulation  94,419.  New 
registration  2170;  total  5684. 

Nottingham  (Eng.)  P.  L.  J.  Potter  Briscoe, 
Ibn.  (Rpt— yr.  ending  M.  31,  '13.)  Acces- 
sions about  3000;  total  142,558.  Circulation 
602,816.  Attendance,  for  all  purposes,  2,274,- 
424. 

Oxford,  Eng.  Bodleian  L.  (Rpt. — year 
1912.)  Added  82,704  (16,628  by  gift  or  ex- 
change, 57,209  under  copyright  act,  7333  new 
purchases,  1534  second-hand  purchases).  Total 
receipts  £15,421 ;  expenses  £16,951. 

Bibliography  anfc  Cataloging 


AFRICA.  Salby,  George.  Catalogue  of  books 
relating  to  Africa.  London.  12°,  pap.  (No 
i;  379  titles.) 

AQUINAS,  THOMAS.  Michelitsch,  Dr.  Anton. 
Thomasschriften,  Untersuchungen  tiber  die 
Schriften  Thomas  von  Aquino.  Erster 
Band :  Bibliographisches.  Wien.  Zweignie- 
derlassung.  8°,  pap. 

ARCHITECTURE.  Cement  houses  and  private 
garages;  with  constructive  details,  by  nu- 
merous architects;  comprising  twenty-two 
designs  of  artistic  cement-coated  dwellings 
ranging  in  cost  from  $1250  to  $16,500,  and 
eleven  cleverly  designed  private  garages  cost- 
ing from  $500  to  $10,000;  il.  with  half-tone 
reproductions  from  photographs  of  the  com- 
pleted structures,  and  87  full-page  plates  of 
plans  and  elevations.  N.  Y.,  D:  Williams 
Co.  c.  '12.  191  p.  (5  p.  bibl.)  p.,  plans,  obi. 
8°,  (Building  age  ser.)  $1.50. 


July,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


431 


ART  INDUSTRIES.  Hierseman,  Karl  W.  Kunst- 
gewerbe,  Orient,  Mittelalter,  Neuzeit.  Leip- 
zig. 12°,  pap.  (No.  421;  960  titles.) 

ASIA.  Lange,  Otto.  Catalogue  of  books  and 
maps  relating  to  Asia.  Florence,  Italy.  12°, 
pap.  (No.  28;  1027  titles.) 

BIBLE.  Gray,  G.  Buchanan.  A  critical  intro- 
duction to  the  Old  Testament  N.  Y.,  Scrib- 
ner.  11+253  P-  (9  P-  bibl.)  12°,  (Studies  in 
theology.)  75  c.  n. 

BROME,  RICHARD.  Andrews,  Clarence  E.  Rich- 
ard Brome:  a  study  of  his  life  and  works; 
a  portion  of  a  thesis  presented  to  the  faculty 
of  the  Graduate  School  of  Yale  University 
in  candidacy  for  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Philosophy.  N.  Y.,  Holt.  7+140  p.  (5^  p. 
bibl.)  8°,  pa,?.,  gratis. 

CITY  PLANNING.  New  York  Public  Library 
Bulletin,  May,  pp.  396-408.  Selected  list  of 
references  bearing  on  the  city  plan  of  New 
York.  N.  Y.,  [the  library.]  8°,  pap. 

CONSERVATION.  Fanning,  Clara  Eliz.,  comp. 
Selected  articles  on  the  conservation  of  nat- 
ural resources.  Minneapolis,  H.  W.  Wilson 
Co.  15+153  P-  (5  P-  bibl.)  12°,  (Debaters' 
handbook  ser.)  $i  n. 

COWPER,  WILLIAM.  Cowper,  William.  Wil- 
liam Cowper;  (comp.)  by  E.  Storer.  Chic., 
F.  G.  Browne  &  Co.  23+299  p.  (4^  p. 
bibl.)  por.  16°,  (Regent  lib.)  ox>  c.;  limp 
leath.,  $1.25  n. 

DICKENS,  CHARLES.  Dickens,  Charles.  Dick- 
ens ;  (comp.)  by  W.  H.  Helm.  Chic.,  F.  G. 
Browne  &  Co.  42+548  p.  (7^  p.  bibl.)  16°, 
(Regent  lib.)  90  c.  n.;  limp  leath.,  $1.25  n. 

-Lightwood,  Ja.  T.  Charles  Dickens  and 
music.  N.  Y.,  Scribner.  14+177  p.  (6  p. 
bibl.)  front.  12°,  $i  n. 

DOMESTIC  SCIENCE.  Frederick,  Christine.  The 
new  housekeeping ;  efficiency  studies  in  home 
management.  Garden  City,  N.  Y.,  Double- 
day,  Page.  c.  14+265  p.  (8^  p.  bibl.)  pis. 
12  ,  $i  n. 

DRAMA.  Breslauer,  Martin.  Das  Schauspiel 
in  Deutschland  bis  1700  und  die  inhaltlich 
verwandte  Literatur  der  Zeit.  Berlin.  8°, 
pap.  (No.  25;  251  titles.) 

DREAM  PSYCHOLOGY.  Freund,  Sigmund.  The 
interpretation  of  dreams ;  auth.  tr.  of  the  3d 
ed.,  with  introd.  by  A.  A.  Brill.  N.  Y.,  Mac- 
millan.  13+510  p.  (bibl.)  8°,  $4  n. 

ELECTRICITY.  New  York  Public  Library  Bul- 
letin, May,  pp.  375-395-  List  of  works  relat- 
ing to  electric  welding.  N.  Y.,  [The  library.] 
8°,  pap. 

ELIOT,  GEORGE.  Eliot,  George  [pseud,  for  Mrs. 
Mary  Ann  Evans  Lewes  Cross.]  George 
Eliot;  comp.  by  Viola  Meynell.  Chic.,  F.  G. 


Browne  &  Co.    19+369  p.  (4^2  p.  bibl.)  16°, 
(Regent  lib.)  90  c.  n.  ;  limp  leath.,  $1.25  n. 

ENGLISH  HISTORY.  'Quaritch,  Bernard.  A  calt- 
alogue  of  books  in  English  literature  and  his- 
tory. Part  III.,  Lily-Skeat.  London.  8°, 
pap.  (No.  325;  1217  titles.) 

ENGLISH  LITERATURE.  Quaritch,  Bernard.  A 
catalogue  of  books  in  English  literature  and 
history.  Part  III.,  Lily-Skeat  London.  8°, 
pap.  (No.  325;  1217  titles.) 

GASKELL,  ELIZ.  Gaskell,  Mrs.  Eliz.  Cleghorn 
Stevenson.  Mrs.  Gaskell;  comp.  by  Esther 
Alice  Chadwick.  Chic.,  F.  G.  Browne  &  Co. 
34+386  p.  (7  p.  bibl.)  por.  16°,  (Regent  lib.) 
90  c.  n.j  limp  leath.,  $1.25  n. 

GERMANY.  Baer  &  Co.,  Joseph.  Rheinprovinz, 
Westfalen,  Waldeck-Pyrmont  Lippe.  Frank- 
furt a.M.  12°,  pap.  (No.  614;  2152  titles.) 

HUNT,  LEIGH.  Hunt,  Leigh,  i.e.,  Ja.  H.  Leigh. 
Leigh  Hunt;  comp.  by  E.  Storer.  Chic.,  F. 
G.  Browne  &  Co.  7+393  p.  (ioV2  p.  bibl.) 
por.  16°,  (Regent  lib.)  90  c.  n.  ;  limp  leath., 
$1.25  n. 

ICELANDIC  SAGAS.  Craigie,  W.  Alex.  The  Ice- 
landic sagas.  N.  Y.,  Putnam.  7+120  p. 
(7  p.  bibl.)  fold,  map,  facsims.,  16°,  (Cam- 
bridge manuals  of  science  and  literature.) 
40  c.  n. 

IMMIGRATION.  Fairchild,  H.  Pratt.  Immigra- 
tion; a  world  movement  and  its  American 
significance.  N.  Y.,  Macmillan.  c.  11+455  p. 
p.  bibl.)  8°,  $1.75  n. 


INCUNABULA.  Hierseman,  Karl  W.  Incunabula. 
Wiegendrucke,  deutscher,  italienischer,  fran- 
zosischer,  spanischer  und  anderer  Pressen 
darunter  schone  Holzschnittbucher  zum  Teil 
inwertvollen  Einbauden.  Precieuse  Collec- 
tion d'Incunables.  Leipzig.  12°,  pap.  (No. 
425;  310  titles.) 

IRELAND.  Merwin  Sales  Company.  Catalogue 
of  an  extensive  and  valuable  collection  of 
books  relating  to  Ireland.  N.  Y.  8°,  pap. 
(No.  518;  1965  titles.) 

JEWISH  LITERATURE.  Studies  in  Jewish  litera- 
ture; issued  in  honor  of  Professor  Kauf- 
mann  Kohler,  Ph.D.,  president  Hebrew 
Union  College,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  on  the  oc- 
casion of  his  seventieth  birthday.  May,  the 
tenth,  nineteen  hundred  arid  thirteen.  N.  Y., 
G.  E.  Stechert  &  Co.  310  p.  (35  p.  bibl.) 
por.  4°,  $2.25  n.  ;  pap.,  $1.80  n. 

JOHNSON,  SAMUEL.  Johnson,  Samuel.  Samuel 
Johnson;  comp.  by  Alice  Meynell  and  G.  K. 
Chesterton.  Chic.,  F.  G.  Browne  &  Co.  20+ 
265  p.  (ty  p.  bibl.)  por.  16°,  (Regent  lib.) 
90  c.  n.  ;  limp  leath.,  $1.25  n. 

MILITARY  ART  AND  SCIENCE.  Edwards,  Francis. 
Catalogue  of  military  literature,  including 
British  regimental  histories  and  records,  a 


432 


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[July,  1913 


fine  and  scarce  collection  of  books  and  en- 
gravings of  the  costumes  of  British  and  for- 
eign armies,  army  lists,  tactics,  art  of  war, 
Napoleon  and  his  campaigns,  etc.  London. 
12°,  pap.  (No.  324;  1033  titles.) 

NATURAL  HISTORY.  Sotheran  &  Co.,  Henry. 
Catalogue  of  second-hand  books,  English  and 
foreign,  on  natural  history.  London.  12°, 
pap.  (No.  736;  953  titles.) 

NEW  SPAIN.  Smith,  Donald  Eug.  The  vice- 
roy of  New  Spain.  Berkeley,  Cal.,  Univ. 
Cal.  99+293  p.  (6  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (Univ.  of 
California,  History.)  pap.,  $2. 

ORNITHOLOGY.  Edwards,  Francis.  Catalogue 
of  books  on  ornithology  and  oology,  includ- 
ing fine  copies  of  the  works  of  John  Gould, 
H.  E.  Dresser,  Lord  Lilford,  H.  L.  Meyer, 
Henry  Seebohm,  P.  J.  Selby,  books  on  fal- 
conry, etc. ;  also  a  fine  series  of  native  ori- 
ginal drawings  in  colors  of  birds  of  India  and 
Malaysia.  London.  12°,  pa,p.  (No.  325; 
322  titles.) 

OTTOMAN  EMPIRE.  Lybyer,  Alb.  Howe.  The 
government  of  the  Ottoman  Empire  in  the 
time  of  >$uleiman  the  Magnificent.  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  Harvard  Univ.  10+349  p. 
(26  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (Harvard  historical  stud- 
ies.) $2. 

PEACOCK,  THOMAS  LOVE.  Peacock,  T.  Love. 
Thomas  Love  Peacock;  [comp.]  by  W.  H. 
Helm.  Chic.,  F.  G.  Browne  &  Co.  20+ 
277  P-  UH  P-  bibl.)  por.  16°,  (Regent  lib.) 
90  c.  n.;  limp  leath.,  $1.25  n. 

PEDAGOGY.  Twietmeyer,  A.  Theologie  pro- 
testantische  .  und  katholische,  Philosophic, 
Paedagogik.  Leipzig.  12°,  pap.  (No.  128; 
1805  titles.) 

PHILOLOGY.  Blackwell,  B.  H.  Catalogue  of 
works  chiefly  in  European  philology.  Ox- 
ford. 12°,  pap.  (No.  150;  2266  titles.) 

PHILOSOPHY.  Twietmeyer,  A.  Theologie,  pro- 
testanische  und  katholische,  Philosophic, 
Paedagogik.  Leipzig.  12°,  pap.  (No.  128; 
1805  titles.) 

PSYCHOLOGY.  Dearborn,  George  Van  Ness. 
Kinesthesia  and  the  intelligent  will.  (bibl. 
of  75  titles.),  American  Journal  of  Psychol- 
ogy, April,  pp.  204-255. 

Psychological  Index.  Titles  of  psycho- 
logical literature  for  1912.  (No.  19;  3692 
titles.) 

RECIPROCITY.  Robbins,  Edn.  Clyde,  comp.  Se- 
lected articles  on  reciprocity.  Minneapolis, 
H.  W.  Wilson  Co.  22+222  p.  (8  p.  bibl.) 
12°,  (Debaters'  handbook  ser.)  $i  n. 

ROMANCE  PHILOLOGY.  Baer  &  Co.,  Joseph. 
Bibliotheca  Romanica  Sprache  und  Literatur 
der  Romanischen  Volker  enthaltend  die  Bib- 
liothek  des  Wilhelm  Cloetta,  Professor  der 


romanischen  Sprachen  an  der  Universitat 
Strassburg.  Frankfurt  a.M.  12°,  pap.  (No. 
613 ;  3330  titles.) 

SCIENCE.  Klinckieck,  C.  Sciences,  mathe-- 
matiques  physiques  et  naturelles.  Paris.  12° , 
pap.  (No.  7;  2252  titles.) 

SEX.  Parsons,  Elsie  Worthington  Clews, 
[Mrs.  Herb.  Parsons.]  The  old-fashioned 
woman;  primitive  fancies  about  the  sex.  N. 
Y.,  Putnam,  c.  8+373  P-  (36  P-  bibl.)  8°, 
$1.50  n. 

SHELLEY,  PERCY  BYSSHE.  Shelley,  Percy 
Bysshe.  Shelley;  [comp.]  by  Roger  Ingpen. 
Chic.,  F.  G.  Browne  &  Co.  364-570  p.  (14  p. 
bibl.)  por.  16°,  (Regent  lib.)  90  c.  n.;  limp 
leath.,  $1.25  n. 

SOCIOLOGY.  New  York  School  of  Philanthropy, 
Bulletin,  May.  Selected  list  of  books  on 
social  subjects  published  in  1912.  N.  Y.r 
[The  school.]  4  p.  8°,  pap. 

SWITZERLAND.  Baer  &  Co.,  Joseph.  Schweiz. 
Frankfurt  a.M.  12°,  pap.  (No.  610;  2899 
titles.) 

TARIFF.  Morgan,  Joy  E.,  comp.  Selected  ar- 
ticles on  free  trade  and  protection.  Minne- 
apolis, H.  W.  Wjlson  Co.  20+186  p.  (10  p. 
bibl.)  12°,  (Debaters'  handbook  ser.)  $i  n. 

THEOLOGY.  Twietmeyer,  A.  Theologie,  pro- 
testanische  und  katholische.  Philosophic, 
Paedagogik.  Leipzig.  12°,  pap.  (No.  128; 
1805  titles.) 

TRADE  UNIONS.  Bullock,  Edna  Dean,  camp. 
Selected  articles  on  trade  unions.  Minne- 
apolis, H.  W.  Wilson  Co.  27+262  p.  (19  P- 
bibl.)  12°,  (Debaters'  handbook  ser.)  $i  n. 

Stowell,  C.  Jacob.  Studies  in  trade  union- 
ism in  the  custom  tailoring  trade.  Bloom- 
ington,  111.,  Journeymen  Tailors'  Union  of 
Am.  166  p.  (3  p.  bibl.)  pors.  tabs.,  (i  fold.,) 
8°,  $i. 

WORDSWORTH,  WILLIAM.  Wordsworth,  W. 
Wordsworth;  [comp.]  by  E.  Hallam  Moor- 
house.  Chic.,  F.  G.  Browne  &  Co.  22+ 
437  P.  (3^2  p.  bibl.)  16°,  (Regent  lib.)  90  c. 
n. ;  limp  leath.,  $1.25  n. 

ZOOLOGY.  Palmer,  S.  Cppeland.  The  numer- 
ical relations  of  the  histological  elements  in 
the  retina  of  Necturus  maculosus  (Raf.) 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  Harvard  Univ.  4O5-44S  P- 
(3  p.  bibl.)  il.  8°,  (Contributions  from  the 
Zoological  Laboratory  of  the  Museum  of 
Comparative  Zoology  at  Harvard  College.) 

Xtbrars  dalenfcar 

Sept.  22-27.  N.  Y.  S.  L.  A.,  annual  meeting, 
the  Sagamore,  Lake  George. 

Oct.  8-10  (?).  Minn.  L.  A.,  annual  meeting, 
State  University,  Minneapolis. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


VOL.  38 


AUGUST,   1913 


No.  8 


THE  Kaaterskill  meeting  with  an  attendance 
exceeding  nine  hundred,  the  third  largest 
in  the  history  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  was  a  note- 
worthy success,  despite  many  disadvantages 
which  developed  at  the  Hotel  Kaaterskill.  The 
meetings  are  now  so  large  that  it  has  become 
increasingly  difficult  to  find  adequate  hotel  ac- 
commodation, and  the  arrangements  origin- 
ally proposed  for  the  1913  conference  had 
proved  impracticable.  The  Hotel  Kaaterskill 
would  have  been  adequate  had  the  proprietor 
made  arrangements  with  proper  foresight,  but 
nothing  was  done  until  the  Saturday  preceding 
the  conference,  when  early  attendants  were 
already  arriving.  Everybody,  however,  kept 
good-naturedly  cheerful,  and  though  the  crowd- 
ing was  uncomfortable  and  the  provision 
generally  inadequate,  the  working  arrange- 
ments of 'the  conference  itself  proved  excellent. 
It  is  evident  that  an  A.  L.  A.  gathering  can  be 
trusted  to  be  good-natured  under  any  and  all 
circumstances — and  perhaps  professional  train- 
ing in  dealing  patiently  with  an  impatient  pub- 
lic has  something  to  do  with  this  happy  con- 
dition of  mind.  

THE  salient  feature  of  the  1913  conference 
was  perhaps  the  emphasis  placed  on  library 
specialization.  This  was  evident  not  only  in 
the  meetings  of  the  Special  Libraries  Associa- 
tion, which  is  practically  a  part  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
and  may  formally  become  so,  but  in  the  Friday 
general  session  of  the  conference  itself  and 
throughout  much  of  the  general  consultation 
and  private  conversation.  Coordination  has 
its  correlative  in  specialization,  and  we  may 
already  begin  to  discern  a  grouping  of  library 
collections  in  three  great  divisions.  One  of 
these  is  the  mausoleum  into  which  President 
Elliot  suggested  the  dead  V>oks  of  great  libra- 
ries should  be  removed,  fhere  to  be  entombed 
for  the  benefit  of  the  occasional  excavator.  Had 
President  Elliot  visited  in  Japan  one  of  the 
great  libraries  of  Tokio  he  would  have  found 
that  this  plan  had  been  preconceived  and  put 
into  operation  by  our  enterprising  Japanese 
brethren.  These  mausoleums  will  of  course 
be  few  in  number,  connected  with  the  great 
national  library  or  with  regional  libraries.  The 
great  number  of  libraries  will  continue  to  be 
thase  of  general  collections  of  books  which 
the  reading  public  ordinarily  needs,  but  even 
here  there  is  already  evident  a  tendency  to 


specialization,  and  Prof.  Johnston's  work  in 
informing  the  library  profession  of  the  treas- 
ures to  be  found  in  such  special  collections 
should  be  most  fruitful.  Finally  and  most  re- 
cently comes  the  special  library  often  connected 
with  a  business  concern — of  which  the  tele- 
phone system  libraries  described  by  Vice- 
president  Kingsbury  in  his  remarkable  paper 
are  an  excellent  example.  This  must  be  con- 
fined to  books  in  a  narrow  field,  altogether  up- 
to-date,  and  the  discards  from  such  libraries 
should  find  their  way  to  the  general  collections, 
and  finally  to  the  mausoleums,  through  a  proc- 
ess of  persistent  elimination.  When  the  Spe- 
cial Libraries  Association  was  formed,  a  few 
years  since,  there  was  doubt  as  to  whether  it 
would  really  have  a  field;  but  there  was  no 
more  vital  talk  at  the  whole  Kaaterskill  con- 
ference than  at  its  meetings.  Librarians  in  gen- 
eral can  do  no  greater  service  than  by  becom- 
ing acquainted  with  such  special  libraries  and 
bringing  them  into  relations  with  the  general 
libraries.  Ultimately  the  general  library,  pre- 
pared to  meet  the  needs  of  the  general  reader 
and  student,  should  feel  itself  flanked  on  either 
side  by  the  mausoleum  and  the  special  library, 
so  that  it  can  refer  the  exceptional  investigator 
to  the  place  of  a  book  which  has  dropped  out  of 
the  general  collection  or  obtain  for  him  the  very 
latest  word  from,  the  special  technical  library. 

ANOTHER  feature  of  saliency  was  the  em- 
phasis of  the  fact  that  the  library  of  the  pres- 
ent and  the  future  must  be  not  only  a  collec- 
tion of  books,  but  a  source  of  supply  of  in- 
formation of  all  sorts,  later  than  books,  not 
only  in  systematized  magazine  information,  but 
even  to  the  extreme  of  up-to-date  newspaper 
clippings.  In  fact,  a  whole  session  of  the  Spe- 
cial Libraries  ^Association  was  given  to  this 
last  subject.  It  is  certainly  not  practicable  for 
each  library  to  keep  up-to-date  on  every  topic, 
especially  in  the  matter  of  newspaper  clippings, 
but  the  emphasis  on  and  discussion  of  this 
great  supply  of  information  and  misinforma- 
tion should  lead  ultimately  to  coordination  in 
this  respect  also.  It  is  here  that  the  general 
libraries  must  depend  chiefly  upon  the  special 
libraries  which  have  both  a  business  motive 
and  business  support.  The  number  of  repre- 
sentatives of  special  libraries  who  came  with 
the  approval  and  in  many  cases  at  the  expense 


434 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


of  business  concerns,  suggests  that  before  long 
these  business  libraries  will  become  an  integral 
part  of  our  public  library  system.  In  old  days 
the  information  of  a  craft  was  jealously 
guarded,  as  the  basis  of  rivalry  and  competi- 
tion; in  these  days  competition  has  taken  on 
a  finer  form,  and  there  are  few  concerns  which 
make  much  of  trade  secrets  or  of  exclusive 
information.  Thus  the  library  spirit  is  grow- 
ing in  the  business  field,  and  this  in  itself  is  a 
matter  for  congratulation. 


THE  round  table  on  Government  documents 
developed  some  interesting  facts.  Though  the 
new  superintendent  of  public  documents,  Mr. 
Wallace,  was  not  present,  he  was  well  repre- 
sented by  Miss  Hartwell,  chief  cataloger  of  the 
office,  and  the  paper  which  she  presented  in  his 
behalf  showed  a  thorough  appreciation  of  li- 
brary needs  and  a  full  desire  to  meet  them.  Mr. 
Wallace  has  had  large  experience  in  the  Gov- 
ernment Printing  Office,  and  so  comes  to  his 
task  with  wide  knowledge  of  his  subject.  The 
printing  bill  has  not  advanced  farther  in  Con- 
gress, except  that  certain  amendments  have 
been  proposed  and  are  likely  to  be  accepted, 
which  will  much  better  the  measure.  In  fact, 
with  the  help  of  the  document  office,  this  bill 
is  likely  to  include  almost  everything  that 
librarians  can  fairly  wish,  and  that  office  has 
shown  its  desire  to  help  depositories  by  the 
remarkable  publication  which  it  has  recently 
sent  out  to  enable  depositories  to  designate 
exactly  what  they  want  and  what  they  do  not 
want.  The  tariff  and  currency  bills  are  so 
pressing  that  it  is  unlikely  that  any  such 
measure  as  the  printing  bill  will  receive  present 
attention  from  Congress;  but  as  soon  as  this 
bill  can  be  brought  to  the  front,  it  should  have 
the  earnest  support  of  all  librarians  through 
letters  in  abundance  to  senators  and  repre- 
sentatives. 

THE  Council  and  the  Institute  as  bodies 
especially  inclusive  of  representative  librarians 
and  those  of  largest  experience,  both  held  ses- 
sions for  the  consideration  of  large  questions, 
which  could  be  discussed  by  such  representa- 
tives more  effectively  than  by  the  general  body. 
One  Council  meeting  was,  however,  made  an 
evening  session  practically  of  the  whole  A. 
L.  A.,  as  it  was  held  in  the  large  meeting- 
room  and  all  were1  invited.  This  plan  gave  to 
the;  great  body  of  librarians  the  advantage  of 
discussion  by  those  of  experience  of  the  diffi- 
cult questions  of  the  selection  and  treatment 
of  fiction.  Perhaps  the  most  vital  suggestion 


was  that  of  Mr.  Bostwick,  that  judgment  should 
not  be  passed  upon  fiction  as  such,  but  that 
novels  should  be  judged  like  other  books,  each 
as  a  matter  of  individual  judgment,  whether 
the  book  was  good  or  bad,  informing  or  mis- 
leading. The  Institute  meeting  was  devoted 
chiefly  to  the  question  of  the  cost  of  adminis- 
tration and  of  statistics  as  bearing  on  this 
problem;  and  there  was  very  wide  range  of 
opinion  as  to  the  statistical  treatment  of  library 
returns.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  out  of  this  dis- 
cussion may  come  a  fresh  scheme  of  statistics, 
which  will  permit  of  comparison  amongst  libra- 
rians and  will  avoid  the  weak  points  of  statis- 
tical treatment.  The  suggestion  has  been  made 
that  at  the  next  conference  the  Council  and 
Institute  should  hold  a  joint  meeting  for  the 
discussion  of  these  or  cognate  subjects,  and 
thus  probably  lead  to  the  functions  of  the  Insti- 
tute being  gradually  transferred  to  the  Coun- 
cil. With  the  plan  for  increasing  geographical 
representation  by  the  admission  to  the  Council 
of  representatives  of  state  associations,  the 
Council  will  cover  a  wider  field  and  be  more 
representative  than  ever;  and  it  still  seems  to 
us  a  pity  that  there  should  be  two  bodies  tak- 
ing time  at  crowded  conferences  to  cover  sim- 
ilar ground. 

THERE  are  two  subjects  which  give  trustees, 
especially  of  city  library  systems,  increas- 
ing concern — the  application  of  civil  service 
reform  methods  within  the  library  and  the 
preparation  of  budget  figures  that  will  fit 
in  with  the  city  estimates.  Library  trustees 
are  not  opponents  of  civil  service  reform.  On 
the  contrary  most  of  them  are  thorough  be- 
lievers in  it.  The  difficulty  has  been  that  an 
extraneous  municipal  system,  unsuited  to  the 
special  needs  of  libraries,  has  been  forced  upon 
libraries  in  certain  quarters.  What  the  libra- 
ries desire  to  do  is  to  gear  in  with  the  mu- 
nicipal civil  service  method  through  special 
examinations  of  its  own ;  and  this  is  the  ideal 
plan.  The  metropolitan  libraries  are  quite  free 
in  this  respect,  but  in  the  city  of  New  York 
there  is  a  serious  complication  on  the  other 
side.  The  comptroller  has  provided  an  elab- 
orate scheme  for  the  formulation  of  accounts 
which  the  libraries  are  required  to  adopt, 
though  in  many  respects  it  is  utterly  unsuited 
to  their  kind  of  bookkeeping  and  involves  un- 
necessary expense.  Mr.  McAneny's  presenta- 
tion of  the  needs  of  budget  committees  was 
an  excellent  one  in  admirable  spirit,  and  threw 
much  light  on  the  general  problem. 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


435 


THE  WORLD  OF  PRINT,  AND  THE  WORLD'S  WORK* 

ADDRESS  OF  THE  PRESIDENT,  AMERICAN  LIBRAMY  ASSOCIATION,  KAATERSKILL  CONFERENCE,  1913 
BY  HENRY  E.  LEGLER,  Librarian,  Chicago  Public  Library 


TURNING  for  a  text  to  Victor  Hugo's  stir- 
ring epic  of  Paris,  these  words  may  be  found 
in  the  section  for  May,  and  in  the  third  chap- 
ter thereof: 

A  library  implies  an  act  of  faith 

Which    generations    still    in    darkness   hid 

Sign  in  their  night,  in  witness  of  the  dawn. 

When  Johann  Gutenberg  in  his  secret  work- 
shop poured  the  molten  metal  into  the  rough 
matrices  he  had  cut  for  separate  types,  the 
instrum-ent  for  the  spread  of  democracy  was 
created.  When  early  Cavaliers  and  Puritans 
planted  the  crude  beginnings  of  free  public 
schools,  the  forces  of  democracy  were  multi- 
plied. When  half  a  century  ago  the  first 
meager  beginnings  of  the  public  library  move- 
ment were  evolved,  democracy  was  for  all  time 
assured.  Thus  have  three  great  stages,  sep- 
arated each  by  a  span  of  two  hundred  years 
from  that  preceding,  marked  that  world  de- 
velopment whose  ultimate  meaning  is  not 
equality  of  station  or  possession,  but  equality 
of  opportunity. 

Not  without  stress  and  strife  have  these  yet 
fragmentary  results  been  achieved.  Not  with- 
out travail  and  difficulties  will  universal  accept- 
ance be  accorded  in  the  days  to  come.  But 
no  one  may  doubt  the  final  outcome  which 
shall  crown  the  struggle  of  the  centuries.  The 
world  was  old  when  typography  was  invented. 
Less  than  five  centuries  have  passed  since 
then,  and  in  this  interval — but  a  brief  period 
in  the  long  history  of  human  endeavor — there 
has  been  more  enlargement  of  opportunity  for 
the  average  man  and  woman  than  in  all  the 
time  that  went  before.  Without  the  instru- 
mentality of  the  printed  page,  without  the  re- 
productive processes  that  give  to  all  the  world 
in  myriad  tongues  the  thought  of  all  the  cen- 
turies, slavery,  serfdom  and  feudalism  would 
still  shackle  the  millions  not  so  fortunate  as 
to  be  born  to  purple  and  ermine  and  fine  linen. 

The  evolution  of  the  book  is  therefore  the 
history  of  the  unfoldment  of  human  rights. 
The  chained  tome  in  its  medieval  prison  cell 
has  been  supplanted  by  the  handy  volume 

*  Read   at   the   first   general   session,   June   23. 


freely  sent  from  the  hospitable  public  library 
to  the  homes  of  the  common  people.  The 
humblest  citizen,  to-day,  has  at  his  command 
books  in  number  and  in  kind  which  royal 
treasuries  could  not  have  purchased  five  hun- 
dred years  ago.  In  the  sixteenth  century  it 
took  a  flock  of  sheep  to  furnish  the  vellum 
for  one  edition  of  a  book,  and  the  product 
was  for  the  very  few;  in  the  twentieth,  a 
forest  is  felled  to  supply  the  paper  for  an 
edition,  and  the  output  goes  to  many  hundred 
thousand  readers.  As  books  have  multiplied, 
learning  has  been  more  widely  disseminated. 
As  more  people  have  become  educated,  the 
demand  for  books  has  increased  enormously. 
The  multiplication  of  books  has  stimulated  the 
writing  of  them,  and  the  inevitable  result  has 
been  a  deterioration  of  quality  proportioned  to 
the  increase  in  quantity.  In  the  English  lan- 
guage alone,  since  1880,  206,905  titles  of  books 
printed  in  the  United  States  have  been  listed, 
and  226,365  in  Great  Britain  since  1882.  Of 
these  433,270  titles,  84,722  represent  novels — 
36,607  issued  in  the  United  States  and  48,115 
in  Great  Britain.  Despite  the  inclusion  of  the 
trivial  and  the  unsound  in  this  vast  mass  of 
printed  stuff,  no  one  can  doubt  the  magnitude 
of  the  service  performed  in  the  advancement 
of  human  kind.  The  universities  have  felt  the 
touch  of  popular  demand,  and  in  this  country 
at  least  some  of  them  have  attempted  to  re- 
spond. Through  correspondence  courses,  short 
courses,  university  week  conferences,  summer 
schools,  local  forums,  traveling  instructors,  and 
other  media  of  extension,  many  institutions  of 
higher  learning  have  given  recognition  to  the 
appeal  of  the  masses.  Logically  with  this  en- 
largement of  educational  opportunity,  the  am- 
plification of  library  facilities  has  kept  pace. 
The  libraries  have  become  in  a  real  sense  the 
laboratory  of  learning.  Intended  primarily  as 
great  storehouses  for  the  accumulation  and 
preservation  rather  than  the  use  of  manu- 
scripts and  books,  their  doors  have  been 
opened  wide  to  all  farers  in  search  of  truth 
or  mental  stimulus. 

In  a  report  to  the  English  King,  Sir  Wil- 
liam Berkeley  wrote  as  governor  of  Virginia 


436 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


in  1642:  "I  thank  God  there  are  no  free 
schools  nor  printing,  and  I  hope  we  shall  not 
have  them  these  hundred  years;  for  learning 
has  brought  disobedience  into  the  world,  and 
printing  has  divulged  them,  and  libels  against 
the  best  government.  God  keep  us  from  both." 
Governor  Berkeley's  sentiments,  expressed 
by  him.  in  turgid  rhetoric,  were  held  in  his 
day  by  most  men  in  authority,  but  that  did 
not  prevent  the  planting  of  little  schoolhouses 
here  and  there,  and  men  of  much  vision  and 
little  property  bequeathed  their  possessions  for 
maintaining  them.  Many  a  school  had  its  ori- 
gin in  a  bequest  comprising  a  few  milch  kine, 
a  horse  or  two,  or  a  crop  of  tobacco ;  in  some 
instances  slaves.  From  such  beginnings,  with 
such  endowments,  was  evolved  three  hundred 
years  ago  the  public  system  of  education  which 
to-day  prodigally  promises,  though  it  but  nig- 
gardly realizes,  sixteen  years  of  schooling  for 
every  boy  and  girl  in  the  land. 

II 

If  the  span  of  years  needed  for  the  develop- 
ment of  the  free  library  system  has  been  much 
shorter,  the  hostile  attitude  of  influential  men 
and  the  privations  that  attended  pioneer  ef- 
forts were  no  less  marked.  As  recently  as 
1889  the  writer  of  an  article  in  the  North 
American  Review  labeled  his  attack :  "Are  pub- 
lic libraries  public  blessings?"  and  answered 
his  own  question  in  no  uncertain  negative. 
"Not  only  have  the  public  libraries,  as  a  whole, 
failed  to  reach  their  proper  aim  of  giving  the 
means  of  education  to  the  people/'  he  pro- 
tested, "but  they  have  gone  aside  from  their 
true  path  to  furnish  amusement  and  that  in 
part  of  a  pernicious  character,  chiefly  to  the 
young."  And  he  added:  "I  might  have  men- 
tioned other  possible  dangers,  such  as  the 
power  of  the  directors  of  any  library  to  make 
it  a  propaganda  of  any  delusive  ism  or  doc- 
trine subversive  of  morality,  society  or  gov- 
ernment ;  but  I  prefer  to  rest  my  case  here." 

And  it  was  somewhat  later  than  this  that 
the  pages  of  the  Century  gave  space  to  corre- 
spondence in  opposition  to  the  establishment 
of  a  public  library  system  for  the  city  of  New 
York. 

These  were  but  echoes  of  earlier  antag- 
onisms. 

For  the  documentary  material  dealing  with 
the  beginnings  of  the  public  library  movement, 


the  searcher  must  delve  within  the  thousand 
pages  of  a  portly  folio  volume  issued  by  the 
British  government  sixty  years  ago.  If  one 
possesses  patience  sufficient  to  read  the  im- 
mense mass  of  dry  evidence  compiled  by  a 
parliamentary  commission  and  "presented  to 
both  Houses  of  Parliament  by  command  of 
Her  Majesty,"  some  interesting  facts  in  library 
history  will  be  found.  A  young  man  of  twenty- 
three,  then  an  underling  in  the  service  of  the 
British  Museum,  afterwards  an  eminent  libra- 
rian, was  one  of  the  principal  witnesses.  Ed- 
ward Edwards  had  the  gift  of  vision.  Half  a 
century  before  public  libraries  became  the  peo- 
ple's universities,  as  they  are  to-day,  his  pro- 
phetic tongue  gave  utterance  to  what  has  since 
become  the  keynote  of  library  aims  and  pol- 
icies. Badgered  by  hostile  inquisitors,  ridi- 
culed by  press  and  politicians,  he  undeviatingly 
clung  to  his  views,  and  he  lived  to  see  his 
prophecy  realized. 

Great  libraries  there  had  been  before  his 
day;  remarkable  as  a  storehouse  of  knowledge 
in  printed  form  was,  and  is  in  our  own  day 
the  institution  with  which  he  was  associated. 
But  in  these  rich  reference  collections  intended 
for  the  student  of  research,  the  element  of 
popular  use  was  lacking.  To  have  suggested 
the  loan  of  a  single  book  for  use  outside  the 
four  walls  of  the  library  would  have  startled 
and  benumbed  everyone  in  authority — and  with- 
out authority — from  the  members  of  the  gov- 
erning board  to  librarian,  sub-librarians,  and 
messenger  boys.  This  stripling  faced  the  mem- 
bers of  parliament,  and  without  hesitation  pro- 
claimed his  thesis. 

"It  is  not  merely  to  open  the  library  to 
persons  who,  from  the  engrossing  nature  of 
their  engagements  of  business,  are  at  present 
utterly  excluded  from  it,  but  it  is  also  that 
the  library  may  be  made  a  direct  agent  in 
some  degree  in  the  work  of  national  education. 
Let  not  anyone  be  alarmed  lest  something  very 
theoretical  or  very  revolutionary  should  be 
proposed.  I  merely  suggest  that  the  library 
should  be  opened  to  a  class  of  men  quite  shut 
out  from  it  by  its  present  regulations." 

Then  he  added:  "In  such  a  country  as  this 
there  should  be  one  great  national  storehouse. 
But  in  addition  to  this,  there  should  be  libra- 
ries in  different  quarters  on  a  humbler  scale, 
very  freely  accessible." 

One  of  the  ablest  members  of  Parliament, 
William -Ewart,  of  Liverpool,  became  intensely 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


437 


interested  in  the  views  expressed  by  young 
Edwards,  and  from  that  day  was  counted  the 
consistent  champion  of  library  privileges  for 
the  common  people.  Largely  through  his  in- 
strumentality, aided  by  such  men  as  Richard 
Cobden,  John  Bright  and  Joseph  Brotherton, 
Parliament  passed  an  act  "for  the  encourage- 
ment of  museums."  Out  of  this  measure  grew 
the  later  public  libraries  act.  This  notable 
step  was  not  accomplished  without  bitter  oppo- 
sition. 

"The  next  thing  we  will  be  asked  to  do," 
said  one  indignant  member  on  the  floor  of 
the  House,  "is  to  furnish  people  with  quoits 
and  peg-tops  and  footballs  at  the  expense  of 
taxpayers.  Soon  we  will  be  thinking  of  in- 
troducing the  performances  of  Punch  for  the 
amusement  of  the  people." 

Events  in  England  influenced  similar  move- 
ments in  the  United  States.  In  a  letter  to 
Edward  Everett,  in  1851,  Mr.  George  Ticknor 
gave  the  first  impetus  to  the  establishment  of 
a  free  public  library  in  Boston — the  first  in  the 
new  world  to  be  maintained  permanently  by 
the  people  for  the  people. 

"I  would  establish  a  library  which  differs 
from  all  free  libraries  yet  attempted,"  he  wrote. 
"I  mean  one  in  which  any  popular  books,  tend- 
ing to  moral  and  intellectual  improvement, 
shall  be  furnished  in  such  numbers  of  copies 
that  many  persons  can  be  reading  the  same 
book  at  the  same  time;  in  short,  that  not  only 
the  best  books  of  all  sorts,  but  the  pleasant 
literature  of  the  day,  shall  be  made  accessible 
to  the  whole  people  when  they  most  care  for 
it;  that  is,  when  it  is  new  and  fresh." 

Ill 

Sixty  years  after  the  date  of  Mr.  Ticknor's 
letter,  and  chiefly  within  the  last  two  decades 
of  the  period,  the  public  library  movement  has 
assumed  a  place  in  public  education,  which, 
relatively,  the  public  school  movement  attained 
only  after  three  hundred  years  of  effort.  When 
Thomas  Bodley  died,  in  1613,  in  all  Europe 
there  were  but  three  libraries  accessible  to  the 
public — the  Bodleian,  the  Angelo  Rocca  at 
Rome,  and  the  Ambrosian  at  Milan.  In  1841 
the  Penny  Cyclopedia  devoted  about  four 
inches  of  a  narrow  column  to  the  subject  of 
libraries,  ancient  and  modern,  and  limited  its 
reference  to  American  libraries  to  one  sen- 


tence, obtained  at  second  hand  from  an  older 
contemporary : 

"In  the  United  States  of  America,  according 
to  the  Encyclopedia  Americana,  the  principal 
libraries  are,  or  were  in  1831,  that  of  Harvard 
College,  containing  36,000  volumes;  the  Phila- 
delphia Library,  containing  27,000;  that  of  the 
Boston  Athenaeum,  containing  26,000;  that  of 
Congress,  containing  16,000;  and  that  of 
Charleston,  containing  13,000." 

It  is  only  since  1867  that  the  federal  govern- 
ment has  deemed  it  worth  while  to  compile 
library  statistics,  and  the  first  comprehensive 
figures  were  gathered  in  18/5.  It  is  worth 
noting  that  then  they  embraced  all  libraries 
comprising  300  volumes,  and  that  in  1893  no 
mention  is  made  of  collections  containing  less 
than  a  thousand  volumes,  while  the  most  re- 
cent official  enumeration  makes  5000  volumes 
the  unit  of  consideration.  From  these  official 
figures  may  be  gleaned  something  of  the  ex- 
traordinary growth  of  libraries,  both  numer- 
ically and  in  size.  In  1875,  including  school 
libraries,  there  were  2039  containing  a  thou- 
sand volumes,  ten  years  later  there  were  4026, 
ten  years  after  that  8000,  and  at  this  date  there 
are  in  this  class  not  less  than  12,000,  while 
the  recorded  number  comprising  three  hundred 
volumes  or  more  reaches  the  substantial  total 
of  15,634,  and  2298  of  these  catalog  in  excess 
of  5000  volumes  each. 

These  figures  show  phenomenal  growth,  but 
even  more  impressive  are  the  facts  that  give 
their  full  meaning  in  detail.  From  a  striking 
compilation  issued  in  Germany  by  Die  Briicke 
a  few  weeks  ago,  together  with  figures  ex- 
tracted from  individual  library  reports,  special 
summaries  derived  by  means  of  a  question- 
naire, supplemented  by  statistical  material  gath- 
ered by  the  Bureau  of  Education,  the  facts 
which  follow  have  been  deduced :  Counting 
the  great  libraries  of  the  world,  the  six  con- 
tinents abutting  the  seven  seas  possess  324  li- 
braries whose  book  collections  number  in  ex- 
cess of  100,000  volumes  each,  and  of  these  79 — 
or  approximately  one-fourth — are  located  in 
the  Americas.  Of  the  79  American  libraries 
72  are  in  the  United  States,  including  univer- 
sity, public,  governmental  and  miscellaneous 
institutions,  with  a  combined:  collection  of  19,- 
295,000  volumes.  If  this  statistical  inquiry  is 
pursued  further,  a  reason  becomes  apparent 
why  millions  are  starved  for  want  of  books 


438 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


while  other  millions  seemingly  have  a  surfeit 
of  them.  In  the  rural  regions,  save  in  a  handful 
of  commonwealths  whose  library  commissions 
or  state  libraries  actively  administer  traveling 
libraries,  the  book  supply  is  practically  neg- 
ligible. Even  the  hundreds  of  itinerating  libra- 
ries but  meagerly  meet  the  want.  All  the 
traveling  libraries  in  all  the  United  States  have 
a  total  issue  annually  less  than  that  of  any 
one  of  twenty  municipal  systems  that  can  be 
named.  The  public  library  facilities  in  at  least 
six  thousand  of  the  smaller  towns  are  piti- 
fully insufficient  and  in  hundreds  of  them 
wholly  absent.  The  movement  to  supply  books 
to  the  people  was  first  launched  in  the  rural 
regions  seventy  years  ago.  Indeed  the  move- 
ment for  popular  education  known  as  the 
American  Lyceum,  which  forecast  the  activities 
of  the  modern  public  library  just  as  the  me- 
chanics' institutes  of  Great  Britain  prepared 
the  soil  for  them  in  that  country,  flourished 
chiefly  in  the  less  thickly  settled  centers  of 
population.  The  early  district  school  libraries 
melted  away  in  New  York  state  and  Wis- 
consin and  other  states,  and  the  devastated 
shelves  have  never  been  amply  renewed.  The 
library  commissions  are  valiantly  and  ener- 
getically endeavoring  to  supply  the  want,  but 
their  efforts  are  all  too  feebly  supported  by 
their  respective  states.  In  this  particular,  the 
policy  is  that  which  unfortunately  obtains  as 
to  all  educational  effort.  More  than  55  per 
cent,  of  the  young  people  from  6  to  20  years 
old — about  17,000,000  of  them — live  in  the 
country  or  in  towns  of  less  than  two  thousand 
inhabitants.  According  to  an  official  report 
from  which  this  statement  is  extracted,  there 
are  5000  country  schools  still  taught  in  prim- 
itive log  houses,  uncomfortable,  unsuitable,  un- 
ventilated,  unsanitary,  illy  equipped,  poorly 
lighted,  imperfectly  heated — boys  and  girls  in 
all  stages  of  advancement  receiving  instruc- 
tion from  one  teacher  of  very  low  grade.  It 
is  plain  why,  in  the  summing  up  of  this  report, 
"illiteracy  in  rural  territory  is  twice  as  great 
as  in  urban  territory,  notwithstanding  that 
thousands  of  illiterate  immigrants  are  crowded 
in  the  great  manufacturing  and  industrial  cen- 
ters. The  illiteracy  among  native-born  chil- 
dren of  native  parentage  is  more  than  three 
times  as  great  as  among  native  children  of 
foreign  parentage,  largely  on  account  of  the 
lack  of  opportunities  for  education  in  rural 


America."  In  Indian  legend  Nokomis,  the 
earth,  symbolizes  the  strength  of  motherhood; 
it  may  yet  chance  that  the  classic  myth  of  the 
hero  who  gained  his  strength  because  he  kissed 
the  earth  may  be  fully  understood  in  America 
only  when  the  people  learn  that  they  will  re- 
main strong,  as  Mr.  Miinsterberg  has  put  it, 
"only  by  returning  with  every  generation  to 
the  soil." 

IV 

If  the  states  have  proved  recreant  to  duty 
in  this  particular,  the  municipalities  have 
shown  an  increasing  conception  of  educational 
values.  The  figures  make  an  imposing  statis- 
tical array.  In  the  United  States  there  are 
1222  incorporated  places  of  5000  or  more  in- 
habitants,  and  their  libraries  house  90,000,000 
volumes,  with  a  total  yearly  use  averaging 
110,000,000  issues.  Four  million  volumes  a 
year  are  added  to  their  shelves,  and  collec- 
tively they  derive  an  income  of  $20,000,000. 
Their  permanent  endowments,  which  it  must 
be  regretfully  said  but  600  of  them  share,  now 
aggregate  $40,000,000.  Nearly  all  of  these  li- 
braries occupy  buildings  of  their  own,  Mr. 
Andrew  Carnegie  having  supplied  approxi- 
mately $42,226,338  for  the  purpose  in  the  United 
States,  and  the  balance  of  the  $100,000,000  rep- 
resented in  buildings  having  been  donated  by 
local  benefactors  or  raised  by  taxation. 

The  population  of  these  1222  places  is  38,- 
758,584,  considerably  less  than  half  that  of  the 
entire  United  States.  Their  book  possessions, 
on  the  other  hand,  are  nine  times  as  great  as 
those  in  the  rest  of  the  country;  the  circula- 
tion of  the  books  nearly  twelve  times  in  vol- 
ume. Closer  analysis  of  these  figures  enforces 
still  more  strongly  the  actual  concentration  of 
the  available  book  supply.  The  hundred  larg- 
est cities  of  the  United  States,  varying  in  size 
from  a  minimum  of  53,684  to  a  maximum  of 
4,766,883,  possess  in  the  aggregate  more  books 
than  all  the  rest  of  the  country  together,  and 
represent  the  bulk  of  the  trained  professional 
service  rendered.  The  great  majority  of  the 
3000  graduates  whom  the  library  schools  have 
sent  into  service  since  the  first  class  was  or- 
ganized in  1887,  are  in  these  libraries  and  in 
the  university  libraries.  Forty  %per  cent,  of 
the  books  circulated  are  issued  to  the  dwellers 
in  these  one  hundred  cities,  and  in  fifteen  of 
them  the  stupendous  total  of  30,000,834  issues 
for  home  reading  was  recorded  last  year. 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


439 


Without  such  analysis  as  this,  the  statistical 
totals  would  be  misleading.  The  concentration 
of  resources  and  of  trained  service  in  large 
centers  of  population,  comparatively  few  in 
number,  makes  evident  the  underlying-  cause 
for  the  modern  trend  of  library  development. 
A  further  study  of  conditions  in  these  human 
hives  justifies  the  specialized  forms  of  service 
which  have  become  a  marked  factor  in  library 
extension  within  a  decade.  With  increased 
resources,  with  vastly  improved  internal  ma- 
chinery, with  enlarged  conception  of  oppor- 
tunity for  useful  service,  have  come  greater 
liberality  of  rules  and  ever-widening  circles  of 
activity,  until  to-day  no  individual  and  no 
group  of  individuals,  remains  outside  the 
radius  of  library  influence.  If  this  awakened 
zeal  has  spurred  to  efforts  that  seem  outside 
the  legitimate  sphere  of  library  work,  no  un- 
due concern  need  be  felt.  Neither  the  genius 
or  enthusiasm  of  the!  individual  nor  the  enter- 
prise of  a  group  of  individuals  will  ever  be 
permitted  to  go  too  rapidly  or  too  far;  the 
world's  natural  conservatism  and  inherited  un- 
belief stand  ever  ready  to  retard  or  prevent. 


Specialization  has  been  incorporated  into  li- 
brary administration  chiefly  to  give  expedi- 
tious and  thorough  aid  to  seekers  of  informa- 
tion touching  a  wide  variety  of  interests' — 
business  men,  legislators,  craftsmen,  special  in- 
vestigators and  students  of  every  sort.  This 
added  duty  has  not  diminished  its  initial  func- 
tion to  make  available  the  literature  of  all 
time,  nor  to  satisfy  those  who  go  to  books 
for  the  pure  joy  of  reading.  The  recreative 
service  of  the  library  is  as  important  as  the 
educative,  or  the  informative.  For  the  great 
mass  of  people,  the  problem  has  been  the  prob- 
lem of  toil  long  and  uninterrupted.  The  suc- 
cessful struggle  of  the  unions  to  restrict  the 
hours  of  labor  has  developed  another  problem 
almost  as  serious— the  problem  of  leisure.  In- 
terwoven with  this  acute  problem  is  another 
which  subdivision  of  labor  has  introduced  into 
modern  industrial  occupations — the  terrible 
fatigue  which  results  from  a  monotonous  repe- 
tition of  the  same  process  hour  after  hour, 
day  after  day,  week  after  week.  Such  blind 
concentration  in  the  making  of  but  one  piece 
of  a  machine,  or  a  garment,  or  a  watch,  or 
any  other  article  of  merchandise,  without 


knowledge  of  its  relationship  to  the  rest,  soon 
wears  the  human  worker  out.  There  must  be 
an  outlet  of  play,  of  fun,  or  recreation.  The 
librarian  need  not  feel  apologetic  to  the  public 
because  perchance  his  circulation  statistics 
show  that  70  per  cent,  of  it  is  classed  as  fiction. 
If  he  wishes  to  reduce  this  percentage  to  69 
or  68  or  67,  let  him  do  it  not  by  discouraging 
the  reading  of  novels,  but  by  stimulating  the 
use  of  books  in  other  classes  of  literature. 
But  well  does  he  merit  his  own  sense  of  hu- 
miliation and  the  condemnation  of  the  critics 
if  he  needs  must  feel  ashamed  of  the  kind  of 
novels  that  he  puts  upon  his  shelves.  To 
quote  a  fellow  librarian  who  expresses  admir- 
ably the  value  of  such  literature:  "A  good 
story  has  created  many  an  oasis  in  many  an 
otherwise  arid  life.  Many-sidedness  of  in- 
terest makes  for  good  morals,  and  millions  of 
our  fellows  step  through  the  pages  of  a  story 
book  into  a  broader  world  than  their  nature 
and  their  circumstances  ever  permit  them  to 
visit.  If  anything  is  to  stay  the  narrowing 
and  hardening  process  which  specialization  of 
learning,  specialization  of  inquiry  and  of  in- 
dustry and  swift  accumulation  of  wealth  are 
setting  up  among  us,  it  is  a  return  to  romance, 
poetry,  imagination,  fancy,  and  the  general 
culture  we  are  now  taught  to  despise.  Of  all 
these  the  novel  is  a  part;  rather,  in  the  novel 
are  all  of  these.  But  a  race  may  surely  find 
springing  up  in  itself  a  fresh  love  of  romance, 
in  the  high  sense  of  that  word,  which  can  keep 
it  active,  hopeful,  ardent,  progressive.  Per- 
haps the  novel  is  to  be,  in  the  next  decades, 
part  of  the  outward  manifestation  of  a  new 
birth  of  this  love  of  breadth  and  happiness." 
Many  of  the  factory  workers  are  young 
men  and  young  women,  whose  starved  imag- 
inations seek  an  outlet  that  will  not  be  denied. 
In  lieu  of  wholesome  recreation  and  material, 
they  will  find  "clues  to  life's  perplexities"  in 
salacious  plays,  in  cheap  vaudeville  perform- 
ances, in  the  suggestive  pages  of  railway  liter- 
ature, in  other  ways  that  make  for  a  lowering 
of  moral  tone.  The  reaction  that  craves  amuse- 
ment of  any  sort  is  manifest  in  the  nightly 
crowded  stalls  of  the  cheap  theaters.  Eight 
million  spectators  view  every  moving  picture 
film  that  is  manufactured.  It  is  estimated  that 
one-sixth  of  the  entire  population  of  New 
York  City  and  of  Chicago  attends  the  theaters 
on  any  Sunday  of  the  year.  One  Sunday  even- 


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ing,  at  the  instance  of  Miss  Jane  Addams,  an 
investigation  was  made  of  466  theaters  in  the 
latter  city,  and  it  was  discovered  that  in  the 
majority  of  them  the  leading  theme  was  re- 
venge ;  the  lover  following  his  rival ;  the  out- 
raged husband  seeking  his  wife's  betrayer;  or 
the  wiping  out  by  death  of  a  blot  on  a  hitherto 
unstained  honor.  And  of  course  these  influ- 
ences extend  to  the  children,  who  are  always 
the  most  ardent  and  responsive  of  audiences. 
There  is  grave  danger  that  the  race  will  de- 
velop a  ragtime  disposition,  a  moving  picture 
habit,  and  a  comic  supplement  mind. 

VI 

It  is  perhaps  too  early  to  point  to  the  spe- 
cialized attention  which  libraries  have  given 
to  the  needs  of  young  people  as  a  distinct  con- 
tribution to  society.  Another  generation  must 
come  before  material  evidence  for  good  or  ill 
becomes  apparent.  That  the  work  is  well 
worth  the  thought  bestowed,  whether  present 
methods  survive  or  are  modified,  may  not  be 
gainsaid.  The  derelicts  of  humanity  are  the 
wrecks  who  knew  no  guiding  light.  The  re- 
formatories and  the  workhouses,  the  penal  in- 
stitutions generally  and  the  charitable  ones 
principally,  are  not  merely  a  burden  upon  so- 
ciety, but  a  reproach  for  duty  unperformed. 
Society  is  at  last  beginning  to  realize  that  it 
is  better  to  perfect  machinery  of  production 
than  to  mend  the  imperfect  product;  that  to 
dispense  charity  may  ameliorate  individual  suf- 
fering, but  does  not  prevent  recurrence.  And 
so  more  attention  is  being  given  prevention 
than  cure. 

"I  gave  a  beggar  from  my  little  store 
Of   well-earned   gold.     He   spent  the  shining   ore 
And   came   again,   and   yet  again,   still   cold 
And  hungry   as   before. 

I  gave  a  thought,  and  through  that  thought  of  mine, 
He   found  himself  a  man,   supreme,  divine, 
Bold,   clothed,    and   crowned   with  blessings   manifold, 
And   now   he   begs   no  more." 

VII 

If  numbers  and  social  and  industrial  im- 
portance warrant  special  library  facilities  for 
children,  certainly  the  same  reasons  underlie 
the  special  library  work  with  foreigners  which 
has  within  recent  years  been  carried  on  ex- 
tensively in  the  larger  cities.  Last  month  the 
Census  Bureau  issued  an  abstract  of  startling 
import  to  those  who  view  in  the  coming  of 
vast  numbers  from  across  the  waters  a  menace 


to  the  institutions  of  this  democracy.  Accord- 
ing to  this  official  enumeration,  in  but  fourteen 
of  fifty  cities  having  over  100,000  inhabitants 
in  1910  did  native  whites  of  native  parentage 
contribute  as  much  as  one-half  the  total  pop- 
ulation. The  proportion  exceeded  three-fifths  in 
only  four  cities.  On  the  other  hand,  in  twenty- 
two  cities  of  this  class,  of  which  fifteen  are  in 
New  England  and  the  Middle  Atlantic  divi- 
sions, less  than  one-third  of  the  population 
were  native  whites  of  native  parentage,  over 
two-thirds  in  all  but  one  of  these  cities  con- 
sisting of  foreign-born  whites  and  their  children. 
In  his  ode  delivered  at  Harvard,  Lowell 
eloquently  referreid  to 

"The  pith  and  marrow  of  a  Nation 
Drawing  force   from  all  her  men, 
Highest,   humblest,   weakest,   all, 
For  her  time   of  need,   and  then 
Pulsing   it   again   through   them 
She  that  lifts  up   the  manhood  of  the   poor, 
She  of  the  open  soul  and  open  door, 
With    room   about  her   hearth   for   all   mankind!" 

This  was  written  in  1865.  Since  then  the 
rim  of  the  Mediterranean  has  sent  its  enor- 
mous contribution  of  unskilled  and  unlettered 
human  beings  to  the  new  world.  There  have 
been  three  great  tides  of  migration  from  over- 
seas. The  first  came  to  secure  liberty  of  con- 
science; the  second  sought  liberty  of  political 
thought  and  action;  the  third  came  in  quest 
of  bread.  And  of  the  three,  incomparably  the 
greater  problem  of  assimilation  is  that  pre- 
sented by  the  last  comers.  Inextricably  inter- 
woven are  all  the  complexities  which  face  the 
great  and  growing  municipalities,  politically  and 
industrially  and  socially.  These  are  the  awful 
problems  of  congestion  and  festering  slums,  of 
corruption  in  public  life,  of  the  exploitation  of 
womanhood,  of  terrible  struggle  with  wretch- 
edness and  poverty.  Rightly  directed,  the  na- 
tive qualities  and  strength  of  these  peoples  will 
bring  a  splendid  contribution  in  the  making  of 
a  virile  citizenship.  Wrongly  shaped,  their 
course  in  the  life  of  the  city  may  readily  be- 
come of  sinister  import.  Frequently  they  are 
misunderstood,  and  they  easily  misunderstand. 
The  problem  is  one  of  education,  but  it  is  that 
most  difficult  problem,  of  education  for  grown- 
ups. Here  perhaps  the  library  may  render  th« 
most  distinct  service,  in  that  it  can  bring  to 
them  in  their  own  tongues  the  ideals  and  the 
underlying  principles  of  life  and  custom  in 
their  adopted  country;  and  through  their  chil- 


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441 


dren,  as  they  swarm  into  the  children's  rooms, 
is  established  a  point  of  contact  which  no 
other  agency  could  so  effectually  provide. 

Under  the  repressive  measures  of  old-world 
governments,  the  racial  culture  and  national 
spirit  of  Poles,  Lithuanians,  Finns,  Balkan 
Slavs,  and  Russian  Jews  have  been  stunted. 
Here  it  is  warmed  into  life  and  renewed 
vigor,  and  in  generous  measure  it  is  given  back 
to  the  land  of  their  adoption.  Such  racial 
contribution  must  prove  of  enormous  value, 
whether,  as  many  sociologists  believe,  this 
country  is  to  prove  a  great  melting  pot  for  the 
fusing  of  many  races,  or  whether,  as  Dr. 
Zhitlowsky  contends,  there  is  to  be  one  coun- 
try, one  set  of  laws,  one  speech,  but  a  vast 
variety  of  national  cultures,  contributing  each 
its  due  share  to  the  enrichment  of  the  com- 
mon stock. 

VIII 

Great  changes  have  come  about  in  the  meth- 
ods that  obtain  for  the  exercise  of  popular 
government.  In  a  democracy  whose  chief 
strength  is  derived  from  an  intelligent  public 
opinion,  the  sharpening  of  such  intelligence 
and  enlargement  of  general  knowledge  con- 
cerning affairs  of  common  concern  are  of  par- 
amount importance.  Statute  books  are  heav- 
ily cumbered  with  laws  that  are  unenforced 
because  public  opinion  goes  counter  to  them. 
Non-enforcement  breeds  disrespect  for  law, 
and  unscientific  making  of  laws  leads  to  their 
disregard.  So  the  earliest  attempts  to  find  a 
remedy  contemplated  merely  the  legislator  and 
the  official,  bringing  together  for  their  use 
through  the  combined  services  of  trained  econ- 
omists and  of  expert  reference  librarians  the 
principles  and  foundation  for  contemplated  leg- 
islation and  the  data  as  to  similar  attempts 
elsewhere.  Fruitful  as  this  service  has  proved 
within  the  limitation  of  state  and  municipal 
officialdom,  a  broadened  conception  of  possi- 
bilities now  enlarges  the  scope  of  the  work  to 
include  citizen  organizations  interested  in  the 
study  of  public  questions,  students  of  sociol- 
ogy, economics  and  political  science,  business 
men  keenly  alive  to  the  intimate  association — in 
a  legitimate  sense — of  business  and  politics, 
and  that  new  and  powerful  element  in  public 
affairs  which  has  added  three  million  voters  to 
the  poll  lists  in  ten  states,  and  will  soon  add 
eleven  million  voters  more  in  the  remaining 
thirty-eight.  The  new  library  service  center- 
ing in  state  and  municipal  legislative  reference 


libraries,  and  •  in  civics  departments  of  large 
public  libraries,  forecasts  the  era,  now  rapidly 
approaching,  when  aldermen  and  state  repre- 
sentatives will  still  enact  laws  and  state  and 
city  officials  will  enforce  them,  but  their  mak- 
ing will  be  determined  strictly  by  public  opin- 
ion. The  local  government  of  the  future  will 
be  by  quasi-public  citizen  organizations  direct- 
ing aldermen  and  state  legislators  to  accurately 
register  their  will.  When  representative  gov- 
ernment becomes  misrepresentative,  in  the 
words  of  a  modern  humorist,  democracy  will 
ask  the  Powers  that  Be  whether  they  are  the 
Powers  that  Ought  to  Be.  To  intelligently  de- 
termine the  answer,  public  opinion  must  not 
ignorantly  ask. 

IX 

This  has  been  called  the  age  of  utilitarian- 
ism. Such  it  unquestionably  is,  but  its  prac- 
ticality is  not  disassociated  from  idealism. 
The  resources  of  numberless  commercial  en- 
terprises are  each  in  this  day  reckoned  in  mil- 
lions, and  their  products  are  figured  in  terms 
of  many  millions  more,  as  once  thousands  rep- 
resented the  spread  of  even  the  greatest  of 
industries.  But  more  and  more,  business  men 
are  coming  to  realize  that  business  organiza- 
tion as  it  affects  for  weal  or  woe  thousands 
who  contribute  to  their  success,  must  be  con- 
ducted as  a  trust  for  the  common  good,  and 
not  merely  for  selfish  exploitation,  or  for  op- 
pression. As  the  trade  guilds  of  old  wielded 
their  vast  power  for  common  ends,  so  all  the 
workers  gave  the  best  at  their  command  to 
make  their  articles  of  merchandise  the  most 
perfect  that  human  skill  and  care  could  pro- 
duce. Men  of  business  whose  executive  skill 
determines  the  destiny  of  thousands  in  their 
employ,  are  growing  more  and  more  to  an 
appreciation  of  the  trusteeship  that  is  theirs. 
A  humane  spirit  is  entering  the  relationship 
between  employer  and  employed.  Great  com- 
mercial organizations  are  conducting  elaborate 
investigations  into  conditions  of  housing,  sani- 
tation, prolongation  of  school  life,  social  in- 
surance and  similar  subjects  of  betterment  for 
the  toilers;  but  a  brief  span  ago  they  were 
concerned  chiefly  with  trade  extension  and 
lowering  of  wages,  all  unconcerned  about  the 
living  conditions  of  their  dependents.  They 
too  are  now  exemplifying  the  possession  of 
that  constructive  imagination  which  builds  large 
and  beyond  the  present.  For  results  that  grow 
out  of  experience  and  of  experiment  they  also 


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[August,  1913 


are  in  part  dependent  upon  the  sifted  facts 
that  are  found  in  print.  The  business  house 
library  is  a  recent  development,  and  in  minis- 
tering in  different  ways  to  both  employer  and 
employed,  gives  promise  of  widespread  use- 
fulness. 

With  the  tremendous  recent  growth  of  in- 
dustrialism and  the  rapid  multiplication  of  in- 
vention, the  manifest  need  for  making  avail- 
able the  vast  sum  of  gathered  knowledge  con- 
cerning the  discoveries  of  modern  science  has 
evolved  the  great  special  libraries  devoted  to 
the  varied  subdivisions  of  the  subject.  Munifi- 
cently endowed  as  many  of  them  are,  highly 
organized  for  ready  access  to  material,  ad- 
ministered to  encourage  use  and  to  give  expert 
aid  as  well,  their  great  importance  cannot  be 
overestimated.  What  they  accomplish  is  not 
wholly  reducible  to  statistics,  nor  can  their  in- 
fluence be  readily  traced,  perhaps,  to  the  great 
undertakings  of  to-day  which  overshadow  the 
seven  wonders  of  antiquity.  But  there  can  be 
no  question  that  without  the  opportunities  that 
here  lie  for  study  and  research,  and — no  less 
important — without  the  skilled  assistance  freely 
rendered  by  librarian  and  bibliographer,  special 
talent  would  often  remain  dormant  and  its 
possessor  unsatisfied.  Greater  here  would  be 
the  loss  to  society  than  to  the  individual. 


Thus  the  libraries  are  endeavoring  to  make 
themselves  useful  in  every  field  of  human  en- 
terprise or  interest;  with  books  of  facts  for 
the  information  they  possess;  with  books  of 
inspiration  for  the  stimulus  they  give  and  the 
power  they  generate.  Conjointly  these  yield 
the  equipment  which  develops  the  constructive 
imagination,  without  which  the  world  would 
seem  but  a  sorry  and  a  shriveled  spot  to  dwell 
upon.  The  poet  and  the  dreamer  conceive  the 
great  things  which  are  wrought;  the  scientist 
and  the  craftsman  achieve  them;  the  scholar 


and  the  artist  interpret  them.  Thus  asso- 
ciated, they  make  their  finest  contribution  to 
the  common  life.  The  builders  construct  the 
great  monuments  of  iron  and  of  concrete 
which  are  the  expression  of  this  age,  as  the 
great  cathedrals  and  abbeys  were  of  genera- 
tions that  have  passed.  Adapted  as  they  are 
to  the  needs  of  this  day,  our  artists  and  our 
writers  have  shown  us  the  beauty  and  the  art 
which  the  modern  handiwork  of  man  possesses. 
With  etcher's  tool  one  man  of  keen  insight  has 
shown  us  the  art  that  inheres  in  the  lofty 
structures  which  line  the  great  thoroughfares 
of  our  chief  cities,  the  beauty  of  the  skylines 
they  trace  with  roof  and  pediment.  With 
burning  words  another  has  given  voice  to  ma- 
chinery and  to  the  vehicles  of  modern  industry, 
and  we  thrill  to  the  eloquence  and  glow  of 
his  poetic  fervor. 

"Great  works  of  art  are  useful  works  great- 
ly done,"  declares  Mr.  T.  J.  Cobden-Sander- 
son,  and  rightly  viewed  the  most  prosaic 
achievements  of  this  age,  whether  they  be  great 
canals  or  clusters  of  workmen's  homes  worth- 
ily built,  or  maybe  more  humble  projects,  have 
a  greatness  of  meaning  that  carries  with  it 
the  sense  of  beauty  and  of  art. 

In  medieval  days,  the  heralds  of  civilization 
were  the  warrior,  the  missionary,  the  explorer 
and  the  troubadour;  in  modern  times,  civiliza- 
tion is  carried  forward  by  the  chemist,  the 
engineer,  the  captain  of  industry  and  the  inter- 
preter of  life — whether  the  medium  utilized  be 
pen  or  brush  or  voice.  Without,  vision,  civili- 
zation would  wither  and  perish,  and  so  it  may 
well  be  that  the  printed  page  shall  serve  as 
symbol  of  its  supreme  vision.  Within  the  com- 
pass of  the  book  sincerely  written,  rightly 
chosen,  and  well  used  are  contained  the  three 
chief  elements  which  justify  the  library  of  the 
people — information,  education,  recreation. 

The  urge  of  the  world  makes  these  de- 
mands ;  ours  is  the  high  privilege  to  respond. 


THE  LIBRARY,  A  NECESSITY  OF  MODERN  BUSINESS  * 
BY  N.  C.  KINGSBURY,  Vice-President,  Amer.  Tel.  and  Tel.  Co. 


THE  predicament  in  which  I  find  myself  this 
afternoon,  it  appears,  has  been  brought  about 
by  the  enthusiastic  regard  which  our  very  able 
comptroller,  Mr.  DuBois,  has  for  our  library 
system. 

*  Read  before  the  Special  Libraries  Association, 
Kaaterskill,  June  24,  1913. 


This  system  is  the  particular  pet  of  Mr. 
DuBois,  and  I  dare  say  he  has  talked  a  good 
deal  about  it,  with  the  result  that  he  was 
asked  to  address  you  on  this  subject. 

Now,  Mr.  DuBois,  fortunately  for  him,  is  on 
a  trip  to  the  Pacific  coast,  and  I  have  been 
delegated  to  perform  this  duty  in  his  stead. 


August,  1913] 


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443 


The  circumstances  in  which  I  find  myself  re- 
mind me  of  an  incident  which  occurred  in 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  this  winter,  when 
my  wife  and  several  other  ladies  were  walking 
on  the  street  and  noticed  a  little  girl  hugging 
in  her  arms  a  small,  white  pet.  One  of  the 
ladies,  attracted  by  the  child's  appearance  and 
evident  affection  for  the  pet,  stopped  and  said : 
"Why,  my  dear,  with  that  lamb  in  your  arms, 
your  name  should  be  Mary."  Whereupon  the 
little  girl  smiled  and  replied:  "My  name  is 
not  Mary,  and  this  is  a  goat."  Mr.  DuBois 
seems  to  me  to  be  the  little  girl;  I  do  not 
know  who  the  kind  lady  was  who  addressed 
the  little  girl,  but  there  is  no  doubt  in  my 
mind  that  I  am  the  goat. 

The  American  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Com- 
pany is  the  parent  company  of  the  Bell  system. 
Through  its  subsidiary  companies  it  carries 
on  a  telephone  business  in  every  state  and 
territory  with  the  exception  of  Alaska,  and 
thus  covers  the  entire  country  with  a  thin 
blanket.  Its  interests,  therefore,  are  country- 
wide. If  a  fire  occurs  in  Baltimore,  an  earth- 
quake in  San  Francisco,  a  cyclone  in  Omaha, 
a  flood  in  the  middle  west,  or  a  business  fail- 
ure anywhere  in  the  land,  the  American  Tele- 
phone and  Telegraph  Company  suffers  a  loss 
together  with  the  people  of  the  particular  lo- 
cality affected. 

With  the  opportunity  and  the  privilege  of 
conducting  a  business  throughout  this  broad 
territory,  the  company  is  charged  also  with  a 
great  civic  duty,  which  I  believe  it  fully  appre- 
ciates and  attempts  to  fulfill.  It  must  supply 
facilities  for  twenty-six  million  telephone  con- 
versations every  twenty- four  hours.  It  must 
replace  the  facilities  destroyed  by  fire,  earth- 
quake, cyclone,  and  flood.  It  must  give  those 
who  are  involved  in  a  business  failure  every 
possible  chance  of  recouping  losses  and  re- 
establishing business.  In  other  words,  it  must 
to  the  fullest  extent  of  its  ability  deserve  the 
patronage  of  the  public,  and  work  towards  its 
ultimate  object,  which  is  to  so  arrange  tele- 
phone business  that  everybody  in  the  United 
States  who  has  a  telephone  may  be  able  to  talk 
with  everybody  else  in  the  United  States  who 
has  a  telephone. 

It  will  be  understood  at  once  by  this  audi- 
ence that  in  order  to  fulfill  the  highest  ideal 
of  such  a  duty,  it  is  necessary  to  keep  fully 
informed  on  a  great  many  subjects.  Super- 


ficial information  will  not  answer  such  a  pur- 
pose. The  knowledge  must  be  comprehensive, 
exact,  technical.  The  sources  of  information 
must  be  the  best  obtainable.  The  achievements, 
and  records,  and  writings  of  the  great  doers 
and  thinkers  of  the  past  must  be  available,  and 
the  last  thought  and  the  last  word  on  a  multi- 
tude of  subjects  must  be  constantly  studied, 
analyzed,  and  where  valuable  adopted,  in  order 
to  keep  fully  up  to  date.  And  therefore  the 
main  thought  which  I  wish  to  impress  upon 
you  this  afternoon  is  the  necessity  for  a  col- 
lection of  printed  records,  or,  in  other  words, 
a  library. 

The  company  has  no  general  central  library; 
such  an  arrangement  would  not  be  easily  avail- 
able to  a  large  number  of  employees  and  exec- 
utives, therefore  the  general  theory  is  that 
special  libraries  so  selected  and  located  as  to 
be  of  daily  practical  use  to  the  several  de- 
partments and  a  multitude  of  persons  are  more 
desirable  than  a  single  central  library  could 
possibly  be. 

This  chain  of  special  libraries  comprises  the 
following :- 

Accounting  library; 

Foreign  statistical  library; 

Public  ownership  library; 

Engineering  library; 

Law  library; 

Commission  research  library. 
Duplication  of  books  is,  in  the  main,  auto- 
matically avoided  by  the  different  character 
and  purpose  of  the  different  libraries,  but  we 
do  not  hesitate  to  allow  libraries  to  overlap 
to  such  an  extent  as  this  is  found  useful  for 
the  work.  For  instance,  the  accounting  library 
has  a  few — but  very  few — books  on  general 
engineering  and  legal  subjects;  the  few  stand- 
ard books  on  the  telephone  might  probably 
be  found  in  each  of  the  libraries ;  some  stand- 
ard authorities  on  general  accounting  have  a 
place  in  several  of  the  other  libraries. 

Let  us  consider  for  a  moment  the  necessity, 
purpose,  and  extent  of  these  several  collec- 
tions. 

The  accounting  library. — As  modern  business 
has  expanded  and  developed  and  become  more 
and  more  complicated,  so  methods  of  book- 
keeping, auditing  and  accounting  have  neces- 
sarily kept  pace  with  the  different  lines  of 
business  to  which  they  pertain.  It  was  suffi- 
cient for  the  individual  proprietor  to  know 


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[August,  1913 


how  much  he  owed,  how  much  was  due  him, 
and,  in  a  general  way,  what  his  profit  was 
during  a  given  period  of  time ;  but  such  a 
bare  outline  would  be  quite  insufficient  to 
satisfy  the  stockholders  of  a  great  corpora- 
tion, and,  indeed,  the  stockholders  have  a  right 
to  know  in  detail  just  what  is  taking  place 
in  the  corporation.  Furthermore,  in  the  tele- 
phone business,  the  public  has  a  right  to  know 
exactly  what  is  taking  place,  and  every  at- 
tempt to  increase  rates  or  to  justify  existing 
rates  must  be  backed  up  by  accurate,  detailed 
statements  as  to  the  value  of  the  property 
involved  in  giving  service,  cost  of  operation, 
depreciation,  maintenance,  etc. 

Accounting,  therefore,  has  become  a  science, 
a  profession,  and  attracts  men  of  the  very 
highest  intellectual  grade. 

The  accounting  library  of  the  American 
Telephone  and  Telegraph  Company  is  so  called 
because  it  was  originated  for  research  and 
reference  work  in  accounting  and  auditing 
subjects,  and  it  is  still  especially  strong  along 
these  lines.  However,  by  natural  extension  to 
meet  the  demands  made  upon  it,  it  now  covers 
other  subjects,  more  or  less  closely  allied  with 
accounting.  For  instance,  while  this  library 
comprises  some  1200  bound  volumes,  only 
about  150  volumes  are  classified  under  the 
general  heading  "Accounting-Auditing-Book- 
keeping." 

The  general  purpose  and  intent  in  this  part 
of  this  library  has  been  to  acquire  only  the 
modern  books  on  the  subject,  and  as  the  liter- 
ature of  accounting  is  not  an  extensive  one, 
these  150  volumes  cover  the  subject  quite 
completely. 

The  real  students  of  auditing  and  accounting 
have  their  attention  drawn  to  many  subjects 
which  might  seem,  to  fall  outside  the  strict 
lines  of  their  profession,  but  which,  in  fact, 
are  more  or  less  closely  related  to  their  work. 
Thus,  under  the  heading  "Sociology"  are  sev- 
eral subjects  which  must  be  frequently  re- 
ferred to  by  real,  earnest  students  of  account- 
ing. 

Frequent  recourse  must  be  had  to  statistics, 
and  to  the  recognized  authorities  on  statistical 
methods,  such  as  Bowley,  Davenport,  King, 
and  Yule ;  also  the  general  statistical  reference 
books  and  the  publications  of  the  American 
Statistical  Association  are  on  hand  and  have 
come  to  be  considered  as  necessary  equipment 
for  the  accounting  department. 


The  standard  textbooks  and  publications  on 
economics  form  a  part  of  this  library  and  the 
various  publications  of  the  Economic  Associa- 
tion. The  subjects  of  "Capital  and  labor," 
"Profit  sharing,"  and  "Compulsory  insurance" 
are  represented  by  the  principal  works  and 
those  of  a  general  character  bearing  on  these 
subj  ects. 

Under  the  title  "Bank  money  credit"  there 
are  some  fifty  volumes,  dealing  chiefly  with  the 
theory  and  practice  of  banking  and  of  foreign 
exchange. 

Under  the  subject  of  "Insurance"  it  is,  of 
course,  obvious  that  a  large  library  could  be 
collected,  but  it  has  been  thought  wise  to 
limit  the  scope  of  this  library  to  the  principal 
authorities  on  the  general  subject,  such  as 
Hoffman,  Huebner,  Young,  Walford,  Tarn,  and 
others. 

Under  "Commerce,  communication"  we  be- 
lieve we  have  about  all  the  general  works  per- 
taining to  the  telegraph,  telephone,  and  cable, 
but  we  do  not  carry  in  this  particular  library 
the  technical  works  which  would  in  general 
be  classified  under  the  useful  arts,  and  with 
us  are  to  be  found  in  our  engineering  library. 

Under  the  heading  "Railroads  and  express" 
we  have  limited  the  books  to  about  forty  vol- 
umes, which  in  a  general  way  cover  the  sub- 
jects fairly  well,  but  which,  of  course,  could 
be  largely  added  to  from  the  general  literature 
on  these  subjects. 

Accounting  is,  of  course,  an  exact  science, 
and  the  subject  of  mathematics,  therefore,  has 
a  prominent  place  in  an  accounting  library. 
This  library  contains  textbooks  for  reference 
and  quite  a  comprehensive  collection  of  math- 
ematical tables  which  are  in  daily  use. 

I  find  that  in  Dewey's  classification  the  sub- 
ject of  accounting  falls  under  useful  arts  as  a 
sub-class  of  a  sub-class  and  without  further 
elucidation  than  its  title  "657  Bookkeeping- 
Accounts."  We  have  retained  the  number  657, 
but  have  changed  the  title  to  "Accounting, 
auditing,  bookkeeping,"  and  have  sub-classified 
with  reference  not  only  to  the  present  litera- 
ture on  the  subject,  but  also,  and  more  espe- 
cially, to  the  development  and  expansion  of 
that  literature  in  the  future,  it  being  our  gen- 
eral idea  that  accounting  literature  in  the  near 
future  will  be  much  more  extensive  and  satis- 
factory than  it  is  at  the  present  time. 

This  library  acquires  also  the  principal  books 
on  business  management,  under  which  head- 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


445 


ing  a  literature  is  rapidly  developing.  We  hear 
so  much  nowadays  about  "Efficiency"  and  the 
so-called  "Scientific  management"  that  it  is 
necessary  for  our  people  to  continually  keep 
abreast  of  the  times  and  take  advantage  of 
the  best  thought  on  these  important  subj  ects. 

This  library  also  contains  encyclopaedias,  dic- 
tionaries, atlases,  directories,  manuals  of  sta- 
tistics, and  other  reference  books  which  must 
be  constantly  available. 

A  trained  librarian  is  in  charge  of  the  ac- 
counting library,  and  it  is  conducted  according 
to  modern  library  methods.  This  has  been 
found  very  advantageous,  and  the  activity  of 
the  work  is  indicated  by  the  circulation  for 
1912,  which  was  1780  books,  476  papers,  376 
pamphlets,  but  these  figures  do  not  include  the 
reference  work  and  the  research  work  which 
is  done  in  the  library  without  the  withdrawal 
of  books. 

The  real  value  of  the  library  is,  of  course, 
best  indicated  by  its  constant  use,  and  this 
use  may  be  roughly  described  as  being  of 
three  kinds : 

1.  For  detailed  working  purposes;  many  of 
the  people  in  the  accounting  department  are 
engaged  in  constructive  work,  such  as  devel- 
oping and  perfecting  accounting  systems,  cler- 
ical  methods,   or   statistical   data   on   general 
subjects.     In  such  original  or  research  work 
the   library   is   not   merely  useful,  but  is,   of 
course,  absolutely  necessary. 

2.  For  educational  purposes  in  the  training 
of  accountants;  it  is  impossible  for  us  to  find 
thoroughly  trained  accountants  in  our  line  of 
work;  the  young  men  in  the  department  must 
be   trained    and    developed    along   special    ac- 
counting  lines,    but   at   the    same   time,    it   is 
desirable  from  their  standpoint  as  well  as  from 
the  standpoint  of  the  company  that  these  young 
men   have  the   opportunity  to   develop  them- 
selves by  a  broad,  general  study  of  accounting 
and  all  of  its  kindred  subjects. 

3.  For  general  reference  and  consultation  by 
other  departments  of  the  business.     This  use 
of  the  accounting  library  is  steadily  increas- 
ing, and  promises  to  become  more  and  more 
important  as  time  goes  on.    Any  person  with 
the  company  who  desires  to  look  up  a  special 
matter  or  to  do  seme  general  reading  along 
the  line  of  accounting,  finance  or  economics, 
naturally  turns  to  this  library  for  material  and 
for  assistance  by  the  librarian. 


A  card  catalog  is  kept  and  a  classified  cat- 
alog of  bound  volumes  is  to  be  printed  this 
year. 

Foreign  statistical  library. — Our  foreign  sta- 
tistical library  is  necessary  in  order  that  we 
may  know  what  is  going  on  in  our  line  of  busi- 
ness all  over  the  world. 

We  claim  to  have  in  the  United  States  the 
largest  and  best  system,  of  telephony  in  the 
world.  We  always  want  to  make  good  that 
claim,  and  in  order  to  do  so  we  must  be  con- 
tinually alert,  lest  the  palm  be  snatched  from 
our  hands. 

In  a  broad  way  our  foreign  statistical  library 
covers  the  following  classifications : 

1.  Annual  reports  of  foreign  telephone  and 
telegraph  administrations  and  companies. 

2.  Bound  volumes  of  foreign  technical  and 
trade  periodicals. 

3.  All  foreign  official  telephone  and  telegraph 
publications   other  than  annual   reports.     All 
official  and  non-official  statistical  publications 
dealing  incidentally  with  telephone  and  tele- 
graph   statistics,    and    all    general    statistical 
books,  such  as  census  publications,  year  books, 
etc. 

4.  Works  of  a  legal  nature,  such  as  legisla- 
tive or?  parliamentary  hearings,  debates,  etc. 

5.  Historical    and    narrative   works    on    the 
telephone,  telegraph  and  allied  subjects. 

6.  Foreign   trade  books,   subscribers'    direc- 
tories, etc. 

7-  Special  technical  books  and  dictionaries, 
This  library  at  the  present  time  includes 
something  over  1000  volumes.  As  the  above 
classification  shows,  these  volumes  deal  not  only 
with  foreign  telephone  and  telegraph  statistics, 
but  also  with  many  general  foreign  statistics, 
such  as  population  and  commercial  statistics. 
These  books  have  been  gathered  from  about 
seventy  different  countries,  and  together  with 
a  number  of  general  books,  including  the  above 
classification,  represent  every  country  in  the 
world. 

We  are  constantly  studying  to  improve  our 
methods,  and  have  come  to  know  that  the  most 
intelligent  sort  of  study  looking  towards  im- 
provement is  to  know  what  the  other  fellow  is 
doing.  We  constantly  are  forced  to  compare 
our  rates  with  the  rates  for  telephone  service 
in  other  countries.  We  are  constantly  called 
upon  to  compare  our  service  with  telephone 
service  in  other  countries,  and  in  the  consid- 


446 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


eration  of  all  these  questions  lies  the  value 
and  the  necessity  of  this  foreign  statistical 
library. 

I  might  also  say  that  we  have  to  answer 
questions  which  our  honored  president,  Mr. 
Vail,  is  continually  propounding.  He  is  the 
greatest  user  of  statistics  I  have  ever  known, 
and  he  doesn't  want  to  wait  for  an  answer 
when  he  asks  a  question.  I  was  amused  the 
other  day  to  hear  Mr.  Gifford,  our  statistician, 
say  that  Mr.  Vail  called  him  up  on  the  tele- 
phone from  Boston  and  asked  him  how  many 
horse-power  were  developed  in  the  United 
States  annually  by  steam,  and  water  power. 
Of  course,  Mr.  Vail  waited  on  the  telephone 
until  Mr.  Gifford  told  him. 

Public  ownership  library. — There  are  some 
questions  of  broad,  general  interest  which  have 
such  a  peculiar  and  particular  interest  to  the 
company  that  it  has  been  thought  wise  to  col- 
lect special  information  concerning  them.  One 
of  these  is  the  subject  of  public  ownership. 

In  compiling  the  special  information  on  pub- 
lic ownership  an  attempt  has  been  made  to 
begin,  first,  with  a  complete  compilation  of  all 
past  information  of  a  special  character,  dating 
as  far  back,  in  some  instances,  as  the  middle 
of  the  nineteenth  century,  which,  because  of 
its  official  or  semi-official  nature,  has  been 
deemed  worth  while  collecting,  as  a  substantial 
foundation  upon  which  to  build  the  compila- 
tion of  current  and  future  information.  First 
of  all,  then,  an  attempt  was  made  to  gather  all 
information  of  an  official  nature  bearing  in 
any  way  upon  the  subject  of  public  ownership, 
irrespective  of  the  public  utility  involved.  All 
official  documents  bearing  upon  the  subject  of 
public  ownership  were  gathered,  for  the"  two- 
fold purpose  of  general  information  as  to  the 
status  and  trend  of  public  ownership,  and  the 
possible  utilization  of  information  so  gathered. 

This  information,  including  not  only  official 
literature  as  to  the  United  States,  but  also  as 
to  England,  France,  Germany,  Sweden,  Switz- 
erland, and  other  foreign  countries,  has  been 
used  as  a  foundation  for  the  collection  of  cur- 
rent official  information  for  the  United  States 
and  foreign  countries.  This  includes  such 
documents  as  those  of  the  United  States  Sen- 
ate and  House  reports,  English  Parliamentary 
reports,  French  Senate  reports,  special  reports 
of  official  committees,  reports  of  heads  of  de- 
partments where  utilities  are  publicly  owned 


and  operated.  As  a  further  guide  to  this  class 
of  current  official  information,  current  news- 
paper reports,  reviews,  the  Congressional  Rec- 
ord, foreign  newspaper  and  periodical  informa- 
tion, etc.j  have  been  used,  together  with  special 
lists  prepared  in  connection  with  such  subject 
matter,  such  as  the  price 'lists  issued  by  the 
Library  of  Congress,  lists  of  references  fur- 
nished in  books  and  treatises  on  the  experi- 
ence of  foreign  countries  with  public  owner- 
ship, etc.  Whenever  reference  is  made  in  any 
newspaper,  review,  digest  or  list  to  an  official 
document,  specially  issued,  the  matter  is  taken 
up  with  a  view  to  the  availability  of  such  offi- 
cial literature  for  our  purpose. 

As  to  information  which  is  not  official,  such 
as  that  which  appears  in  books,  magazines, 
pamphlets,  newspapers,  etc.,  a  more  general 
method  of  collecting  information  has  been 
adopted.  All  available  book  reviews  are  noted 
in  this  library,  and  such  books  as  are  deemed 
of  especial  note  are  purchased  for  direct  use 
and  reference.  Those  books  which  appear  to 
be  of  lesser  availability  are  noted  in  a  general 
card  index.  Pamphlets  referred  to  in  news- 
papers, reviews  and  reports  which  may  in  any 
way  be  interesting  are  directly  procured  for 
filing  in  this  library,  and  such  others  as  are 
of  more  remote  availability  are  listed  in  the 
general  card  index. 

Recourse  is  had  to  an  extensive  clipping 
bureau,  and  also  to  a  number  of  bureaus  which 
give  digests  of  pertinent  information,  the  lat- 
ter serving  not  only  as  a  general  information 
guide,  but  also  as  an  index  to  original  data 
which  may  be  deemed  of  value  and  interest. 
All  magazines  and  other  current  periodicals 
which  are,  in  any  way,  likely  to  be  interesting 
for  purposes  of  general  information  or  as  a 
follow-up  guide  to  other  information  are  es- 
pecially scrutinized.  In  addition,  a  large  num- 
ber of  foreign  periodicals,  some  two  dozen  in 
number,  are  regularly  received  by  this  library, 
are  indexed,  and  filed  for  handy  reference. 

There  are,  approximately,  200  bound  vol- 
umes in  this  library  and  about  looo  unbound 
periodicals,  pamphlets,  reports,  etc.,  together 
with  a  considerably  larger  number  of  clippings, 
loose  papers,  and  the  like. 

This  is  a  very  live  subject,  and  books  are 
being  added  to  the  library  at  the  rate  of  about 
ten  a  month,  and  this  number  does  not  include 
the  bound  official  and  other  regular  reports, 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


447 


but  relates  only  to  special  works  on  the  general 
subject  of  public  ownership. 

The  bound  volumes,  pamphlets,  periodicals, 
etc.,  are  filed  on  book  shelves,  while  the  loose 
papers,  clippings,  etc.,  are  filed  in  ring  binders. 

As  a  cross  division  for  literature,  included 
in  bound  volumes,  pamphlets,  periodicals,  etc., 
a  rough  arrangement  is  observed  as  to  the 
regularity  or  irregularity  with  which  the  liter- 
ature is  published;  that  is,  bound  volumes  and 
pamphlets  which  are  more  or  less  regular  in 
time  and  circumstance  of  publication  are  kept 
together  on  the  shelves,  so  that  they  may  be 
added  to  indefinitely,  without  disturbing  the 
filing  arrangement.  The  arrangement  on  the 
shelves  is,  first,  by  country,  and  under  country, 
by  group  (i.e.,  Reports  of  Postmasters-Gen- 
eral), and  then  by  year,  or  other  interval  of 
publication.  Volumes  and  pamphlets  irregular 
in  time  and  circumstance  of  publication  are 
filed  together,  on  the  shelves,  by  country,  and, 
under  country,  by  a  straight  consecutive-num^- 
ber  filing,  depending  upon  the  mere  accidental 
sequence  of  adding  to  the  shelves. 

The  material  consisting  of  loose  papers, 
clippings,  etc.,  is  filed  in  ring  binders,  first  by 
country,  and  under  country  by  date.  The  file 
number  indicates  not  only  the  country  of  filing, 
but  also  the  date  (down  to  the  month)  and 
exact  location  within  the  files. 

As  a  ready  index  to  material  available  in 
these  different  groups  of  publications,  a  cur- 
rent file  or  general  index  is  maintained.  This 
file  is  triplicate  in  nature.  That  is,  for  every 
piece  of  literature  thus  indexed  there  are  three 
cards :  a  card  filed  alphabetically  by  author ;  a 
card  filed  alphabetically  by  the  subject  in- 
volved (i.e.,  utility  concerning  which  public 
ownership)  is  discussed,  such  as  railways,  tele- 
graphs, telephones,  lighting  and  power,  etc., 
with  a  further  indication  as  to  whether  the 
treatment  involves  public  ownership  by  na- 
tional or  provincial  authority,  or  public  owner- 
ship by  municipal  authority)  ;  and  a  card  filed 
alphabetically  by  country  involved.  Where  a 
single  piece  of  literature  treats  of  public  own- 
ership in  more  than  one  of  the  above  phases, 
such  as  more  than  one  country,  or  more  than 
one  utility,  additional  cards  are  made  to  cover 
such  duplicate  phase  of  treatment  of  the  sub- 
matter. 

Engineering  library. — When  Alexander  Gra- 
ham Bell  invented  the  telephone  in  1876  he, 


of  course,  accomplished  the  most  far-reaching 
and  important  work  which  can  ever  take  place 
in  the  art  of  telephony,  but  important  as  that 
discovery  was,  it  still  was  but  the  beginning 
of  hundreds  of  discoveries  and  developments 
which  were  necessary  in  order  to  make  the  in- 
vention of  Dr.  Bell  available  for  the  transmis- 
sion of  human  speech. 

Ever  since  that  time  hundreds  of  engineers 
have  been  busily  engaged  in  study,  research, 
and  experiment,  which  have  resulted  in  the 
invention  of  several  hundred  devices  which  are 
now  used  and  necessary  in  the  everyday  em- 
ployment of  the  telephone.  Together  with  the 
general  science  of  electricity,  the  art  of  tele- 
phony has  been  growing  and  developing  at  a 
tremendous  pace,  so  that  a  telephone  equip- 
ment man  who  might  have  known  all  about 
telephone  apparatus  five  years  ago  would  know 
little  about  telephone  apparatus  as  employed 
to-day  in  a  modern  telephone  exchange. 

This  work  continues,  and  refinements  in 
equipment  and  apparatus,  the  result  of  engi- 
neering experiments  and  studies,  are  being 
made,  and  in  no  branch  of  the  business  is  there 
a  greater  necessity  for  a  library  than  in  the 
engineering  department. 

The  engineering  library  contains  about  1500 
printed  volumes,  and  consists  of  specially  se- 
lected works  on  the  following  subj  ects  :  mathe- 
matics, physics,  electricity  and  magnetism, 
chemistry,  materials,  mechanical  engineering, 
electrical  engineering,  civil  engineering,  teleg- 
raphy, telephony,  and  patents,  together  with  a 
miscellaneous  collection  on  architecture  and 
other  allied  branches.  To  this  should  be  added 
many  volumes  and  bound  periodicals.  This 
library  contains  all  of  the  United  States  pat- 
ents for  telephony  and  related  subjects.  These 
patents  are  reviewed  by  the  engineering  de- 
partment as  fast  as  they  are  issued,  are  bound, 
and  carefully  indexed  and  placed  in  the  library. 

Sixty  technical  periodicals  are  subscribed  for, 
and  the  publications  of  the  leading  scientific 
and  technical  societies  of  the  world  are  re- 
ceived. 

In  addition  to  these,  the  engineering  library 
contains  over  3000  unprinted  volumes,  con- 
sisting of  manuscript  reports  of  the  company's 
engineers  and  other  engineers,  and  these  date 
from  the  very  beginning  of  the  telephone  art. 
These  reports  include  accounts  of  important 
•original  research  work,  of  the  innumerable 


448 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


technical  •  tests  which  the  engineers  are  con- 
stantly making  upon  all  new  devices  pertain- 
ing to  the  art  of  telephony,  and  exhaustive 
studies  made  from  time  to  time  upon  a  great 
variety  of  subjects  pertaining  to  the  develop- 
ment of  telephony.  These  reports,  which  are 
kept  up  to  date,  have  not  merely  an  historical 
value,  but  they  are  of  great  practical  value, 
being  constantly  made  use  of  by  the  engineers 
in  their  work. 

One  branch  of  the  engineering  department's 
work  consists  in  making  what  are  familiarly 
called  "fundamental  plans,"  which  plans  pro- 
vide broadly  for  the  telephonic  development  of 
cities  and  towns  for  a  period  of  twenty  years 
in  advance.  These  plans  necessitate  the  most 
careful  forecasts  of  growth,  and  population, 
and  business  development  in  all  of  the  prin- 
cipal cities  and  towns  of  the  United  States. 

If  a  large  business  block  is  to  be  erected  in 
any  city,  the  telephone  company  must  be  ready 
to  serve  the  subscribers  in  that  business  block. 
The  company  cannot  continually  dig  up  the 
streets,  put  in  underground  cables,  string  over- 
head wires,  every  time  a  new  telephone  is 
required.  It  must  be  ready  to  serve;  hence 
these  fundamental  plans  are  absolutely  neces- 
sary, and  form  a  part  of  the  valuable  data  filed 
in  the  engineering  library. 

In  the  patent  division  of  the  engineering 
library  is  to  be  found  a  technical  library  of, 
broadly  speaking,  5000  volumes.  The  begin- 
nings of  this  patent  Jibrary  were  coeval  with 
the  earliest  days  of  the  telephone  business. 
From  its  inception  the  aim  has  been  so  far 
as  possible  to  get  together  substantially  every- 
thing, or  at  any  rate  everything  valuable,  that 
has  been  published  concerning  the  sciences  of 
electricity  and  magnetism,  and  indeed  the  other 
sciences  in  so  far  as  they  relate  to  electricity 
and  magnetism,  embracing  also  substantially 
all  the  textbooks  and  manuals  dealing  with  the 
several  industrial  arts  which  are  based  upon 
such  sciences. 

Furthermore,  it  has  been  found  expedient  to 
collect  copies  of  all  the  patents  that  have  from 
the  beginnings  of  the  United  States  patent  sys- 
tem been  issued  upon  electrical,  magnetical  and 
kindred  subjects  by  the  Patent  Office,  and  to 
bind  these  with  complete  indices;  so  that  the 
library  now  comprises  a  full  list  of  the  Amer- 
ican patents,  together  with  a  more  specialized 
list  of  British,  French  and  German  patents. 

What    has    been    described    might    well    be 


called  the  working  or  every-day  part  of  the 
engineering  library,  but  the  engineering  work 
touches  the  affairs  of  the  company  at  so  many 
different  points  that  recourse  must  be  had 
from  time  to  time  to  other  libraries. 

A  few  years  ago  it  was  our  good  fortune  to 
secure  a  very  valuable,  comprehensive  library, 
which  includes  substantially  all  publications  re- 
lating to  electricity  since  1865,  in  all  languages. 
This  library  we  have  presented  to  the  Massa- 
chusetts Institute  of  Technology.  It  is  espe- 
cially strong  in  periodical  publications  and  is 
brought  down  to  the  year  1910.  Pretty  nearly 
everything  in  the  way  of  periodicals  relating 
to  electrical  engineering  is  included  in  this 
collection. 

In  addition  to  the  periodicals,  practically  all 
of  the  recent  works  on  electrical  engineering 
make  the  collection  immensely  valuable  for 
working  reference. 

This  library  also  includes  very  interesting 
old,  rare  volumes.  Motley  says  regarding  this 
library  that  in  many  respects  it  is  the  best 
electrical  library  that  has  ever  been  gotten  to- 
gether. In  addition  to  its  electrical  works  it 
contains  much  relating  to  metallurgy,  and  is 
said  to  contain  all  the  publications  that  have 
been  made  relating  to  aeronautics. 

This  library  is,  of  course,  available  to  our 
engineering  department,  as  is  also  the  mag- 
nificent library  which  the  American  Institute 
of  Electrical  Engineers  and  its  allied  societies 
have  established. 

Law  library. — Last  but  not  least  is  the  law 
library,  and  also  the  library  of  commission  re- 
search, to  which  it  is  closely  allied.  The  library 
of  the  legal  department  of  the  American  Tele- 
phone and  Telegraph  Company  necessarily 
comprises  a  complete  set  of  the  statutes  and 
session  laws  of  all  of  the  states  and  territories 
of  the  United  States,  as  well  as  of  the  Federal 
government ;  the  West  Publishing  Company 
edition  of  all  the  decisions  of  the  highest  courts 
of  the  states,  from  about  the  year  1885.  It 
also  includes  complete  sets  of  the  decisions  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  and 
the  Court  of  Appeals  of  New  York  State; 
recent  editions  of  standard  textbooks  on  legal 
subjects  of  interest  to  telephone  corporations; 
general  digests  of  decision's  and  encyclopedias 
of  laws  covering  the  United  States  and  the 
state  of  New  York,  and  many  volumes  cover- 
ing the  reports  of  governmental  officials,  mu- 
nicipal ordinances,  state  manuals,  etc.  This 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


449 


library  subscribes  to  all  the  principal  legal  mag- 
azines, which  tend  to  keep  the  legal  department 
abreast  of  the  academic  thought  on  legal  sub- 
jects. 

The  library  contains  a  complete  subject  cat- 
alog of  books  and  also  a  subject  index  to  tele- 
phone cases. 

It  has  not  been  the  aim  to  assemble  a  com- 
plete law  library,  but  to  have  available  those 
books  for  which  the  legal  department  has  con- 
stant and  immediate  use.  There  are  about  5000 
volumes  in  the  law  library,  which  constitute 
what  the  lawyers  term  a  splendid  working 
library. 

Commission  research  library. — You  have  all 
doubtless  heard  a  good  deal  of  late  about  gov- 
ernment by  commission,  and  we  are  having  a 
good  deal  of  it  in  this  country  at  this  time. 
The  Federal  government  has  the  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission,  and  I  believe  at  the 
present  time  all  except  three  of  the  states — 
Delaware,  Utah,  and  Wyoming — have  state 
commissions  established  by  the  state  legisla- 
tures, with  as  many  different  species  of  super- 
vision and  control  over  public  service  corpora- 
tions as  there  are  commissions. 

The  American  Telephone  and  Telegraph 
Company  welcomes  gladly  supervision  by  com- 
mission, believing  that  a  body  of  men  specially 
selected,  with  time  and  facility  for  investiga- 
tion, performing  a  quasi-judicial  function,  is 
the  best  sort  of  a  tribunal  with  which  to  deal. 

It  is,  of  course,  necessary  for  the  company 
to  keep  in  touch  witrTall  of  these  various  com- 
missions and  to  collect  all  the  available  litera- 
ture pertaining  to  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission  and  the  different  state  commis- 
sions. This  library  now  numbers  about  1000 
volumes,  and  is  increasing  very  rapidly.  Log- 
ically this  library  started  with  the  fundamental 


laws  passed  by  the  United  States  and  the  va- 
rious states  establishing  the  commissions  and 
outlining  their  duties  and  powers.  The  library 
also  includes  the  annual  reports,  the  periodical 
reports  and  the  special  reports  of  all  the  su- 
pervising state  commissions,  as  well  as  the 
decisions,  the  orders,  the  opinions,  the  rulings, 
the  findings,  and  in  many  cases  the  evidence 
brought  out  in  many  of  the  rate  cases  which 
have  been  decided  by  the  commissions. 

The  importance  of  this  data  may  at  once  be 
appreciated  in  considering  the  fact  that  so  far 
as  administrative  functions  go  the  rulings  of 
these  commissions  are  absolutely  binding  on 
the  public  service  corporations  over  which 
they  exercise  supervision.  There  is  no  appeal 
from  the  rulings  of  the  commissions  so  far  as 
administrative  functions  go. 

All  of  these  reports  of  the  acts  of  the  com- 
missions are  carefully  filed,  indexed  and  cross- 
indexed,  so  as  to  be  immediately  available. 

Such  is  a  brief  outline  of  the  different  libra- 
ries which  are  found  necessary  to  the  telephone 
business.  Such  a  library  is  in  large  measure 
a  record  of  the  mistakes  and  the  achievements, 
the  successes  and  the  failures,  of  the  past.  In 
thinking  of  the  value — nay,  of  the  necessity — 
of  a  modern  library  to  modern  business,  this 
question  at  once  arises:  What  could  we  do 
without  these  records?  We  know  what  the 
ancients  did — they  groped  about  in  uncertainty 
and  darkness  and  doubt;  they  went  as  far  as 
they  could  with  logic,  with  philosophy,  and 
then  had  recourse  to  various  omens  and  divin- 
ations. But  if  we  would  decide  on  a  wise 
course  for  the  future  we  look  to  the  records  of 
the  past ;  we  weigh  the  successes  and  the  fail- 
ures of  those  who  have  gone  before  us,  and 
instead  of  journeying  to  the  oracle  of  Delphi, 
we  naturally  turn  to  the  modern  library. 


THE  WOMAN  ON  THE  FARM  * 
BY  LUTIE  E.  STEARNS,     Wisconsin  Library  Commission 


MODERN  programs  of  library  extension 
through  public  libraries  as  distinguished  from 
traveling  library  systems  are  practically  con- 
fined to  an  arbitrary  line  drawn  tightly  around 
the  city's  limits.  Charters,  laws,  or  ordinances, 
under  which  many  libraries  operate,  are  usually 
interpreted  to  restrict  the  use  of  such  institu- 

*  Read  before  the  Children's  Librarians  Section  of 
the  American  Library  Association,  Kaaterskill  Con- 
ference, June  25,  1913. 


tions  to  a  narrow  area,  and  no  great  attempt 
has  been  made  through  legislation,  save  in  Cal- 
ifornia and  a  few  isolated  examples  elsewhere, 
to  extend  library  privileges  to  adjacent  rural 
communities.  It  is  a  happy  omen  for  the  fu- 
ture that  the  president  of  the  American  Library 
Association,  the  custodian  of  a  library  catering 
to  two  million  city  dwellers  with  a  circulation 
second  in  rank  to  Greater  New  York,  should 
have  seen  fit  on  his  own  initiative  to  place 


45" 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


among  the  topics  of  this  meeting  the  needs  of 
the  woman  on  the  farm,  the  real  founder  of 
the  city's  citizenship. 

"Who's  the  greatest  woman  in  history?" 
was  the  query  debated  by  Kansas  school 
teachers  recently.  They  considered  Joan  of 
Arc,  iQueen  Elizabeth,  Semiramis,  Cleopatra, 
Cornelia,  Catherine  of  Russia,  Maria  The- 
resa, Grace  Darling,  Florence  Nightingale, 
Susan  B.  Anthony  and  half  a  hundred  others. 
When  they  came  to  deciding,  all  the  names 
known  to  fame  were  ruled  out,  and  to  whom 
do  you  suppose  the  judges  awarded  the  palm? 
Here  is  the  answer:  "The  wife  of  the  farmer 
ef  moderate  means  who  does  her  own  cook- 
ing, washing,  ironing,  sewing,  brings  up  a 
family  of  boys  and  girls  to  be  useful  members 
of  society  and  finds  time  for  intellectual  im- 
provement." 

These  teachers  knew  the  woman ;  they  knew 
the  drudgery  she  faced  at  four  or  five  o'clock 
every  morning  the  year  'round.  There  are 
twenty  millions  of  her  in  this  country  of  ours ; 
she  makes  up  nearly  one-fourth  of  the  popula- 
tion of  the  country,  and  while  we  are  dealing 
with  these  most  "vital  statistics"  we  may  in- 
clude the  tragic  fact  that  662A  per  cent,  of 
those  committed  to  insane  hospitals  are  from 
rural  districts,  the  farm  woman  constituting 
the  great  majority  thereof.  And  yet  the  needs 
of  this  great  deserving  class  of  "humans"  with 
minds  and  hearts  even  more  receptive  to  ideas 
than  are  city  women — the  needs  of  such  as 
these  are  as  yet  almost  wholly  unrealized  by 
librarians  aside  from  Commission  workers.  No 
committee  of  the  American  Library  Associa- 
tion has  ever  had  the  joy  of  working  out  a 
program  of  library  extension  from  the  great 
city  systems  to  rural  readers.  The  question 
put  by  the  then  President  Roosevelt  to  his 
Country  Life  Commission,  "How  can  the  life 
of  the  farm  family  be  made  less  solitary,  fuller 
of  opportunity,  freer  from  drudgery,  more 
comfortable,  happier  and  more  attractive?" 
still  awaits  solution  from  the  library  stand- 
point. 

Though  agriculture  is  our  oldest  and  by  far 
our  largest  and  most  important  industry,  it 
has  only  recently  occurred  to  us  in  the  United 
States  that  we  had  a  rural  problem.  It  is  only 
within  the  last  decade  or  so  that  we  have 
awakened  to  the  fact  that  there  is  a  rural  as 
well  as  an  urban  problem,  and  the  library 


world  is  too  prone  to  keep  from  recognizing 
it.  We  are  not  concerned  in  this  connection 
with  the  problem  of  the  retired  farmer  who 
moves  into  a  town  to  spend  his  last  days,  which 
are  seemingly  all  he  is  willing  to  spend,  nor 
shall  we  discuss  those  restless  flat  dwellers  of 
our  cities  who,  tempted  by  such  alluring  and 
wholly  immoral  titles  as  "The  fat  of  the  land," 
"A  self-supporting  home,"  "Three  acres  and  a 
cow,"  or  "Three  acres  and  liberty,"  for  those 
to  whom  "the  idea  of  liberty  is  more  inspiring 
than  that  of  the  cow,"  attempt  to  start  ginseng, 
guinea  pig,  pheasant,  and  peacock  farms,  and 
who  soon  return  to  the  city  as  shorn  of  guineas 
as  the  pigs  they  leave  behind  them. 

In  the  serious  solution  of  this  problem,  we 
may  in  truth  differ  as  to  the  sort  of  farmers 
we  would  benefit.  As  Sir  Horace  Plunkett  has 
said  in  his  "Rural  problem  in  America,"  "the 
New  York  City  idea  is  probably  that  of  a 
Long  Island  home  where  one  might  see  on 
Sunday,  weather  permitting,  the  horny-handed 
son  of  week-day  toil  in  Wall  street,  rustically 
attired,  inspecting  his  Jersey  cows  and  aris- 
tocratic fowls.  These  supply  a  select  circle  in 
New  York  City  with  butter  and  eggs  at  a  price 
which  leaves  nothing  to  be  desired  unless  it  be 
some  information  as  to  cost  of  production. 
Full  justice  is  done  to  the  new  country  life 
when  the  Farmers'  Club  of  New  York  fulfills 
its  chief  function — the  annual  dinner  at  Del- 
monico's.  Then  agriculture  is  extolled  in  fine 
Virgilian  style,  the  Hudson  villa  and  the  New- 
port cottage  being  permitted  to  divide  the 
honors  of  the  rural  revival  with  the  Long 
Island  home.  But  to  my  bucolic  intelligence," 
concludes  Sir  Horace,  "it  would  seem  that 
against  the  back-to-the-land  movement  of  Sat- 
urday afternoon  the  captious  critic  might  set 
the  rural  exodus  of  Monday  morning." 

To  the  New  England  librarian  there  prob- 
ably conies  the  picture  of  rugged,  bean-clad 
hills  with  electrics  in  every  valley  eager  to 
take  the  intellectual  rustics  to  the  Lowell  lec- 
tures or  the  Boston  Symphony  Orchestra. 
That  books  are  appreciated  in  the  rural  dis- 
tricts even  in  a  state  that  boasts  a  library  in 
every  town  is  shown  by  a  letter  from  one  who 
had  received  the  volumes  sent  out  by  the 
Massachusetts  Society  to  Encourage  Studies  at 
Home:  "I  do  not  know  where  I  should  stop 
if  I  tried  to  tell  how  much  these  library  books 
have  helped  me  in  my  isolated  life — I  have 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


451 


craved  so  much  and  there  seemed  no  access 
possible  to  anything  I  wanted.  I  have  lived 
always  with  a  longing  for  something  different ; 
life  was  a  burden  to  be  carried  cheerfully,  yet 
I  never  quite  conquered  the  feeling  that  the 
burden  was  heavy.  Books  have  taken  away 
that  feeling,  and  before  I  was  aware,  the  load 
was  gone.  I  have  written  thus  of  myself  not 
because  my  individual  experience  is  of  import- 
ance enough  to  interest  any  one,  but  because 
I  believe  the  world  is  full  of  people  with  the 
same  wants  that  I  have,  and  it  may  be  some 
satisfaction  to  know  how  fully  you  are  supply- 
ing them." 

To  the  librarian  of  New  Jersey,  the  isolated 
dwellers  of  the  salt  marshes  would  come  to 
mind.  Maryland  suggests  to  some  librarian- 
epicures  the  oyster  farm,  with  its  succulent 
product,  but  to  others  comes  the  vision  of  the 
"real  thing,"  supplied  as  in  Washington  county 
with  the  ideal  arrangement  of  central  library, 
branches,  deposit  stations,  traveling  libraries 
and  automobile  delivery  to  the  very  doors  of 
the  Maryland  farm  homes — the  most  ideal  ar- 
rangement of  rural  extension  that  exists  in 
America  to-day.  To  the  Georgian,  the 
"cracker"  presents  itself  with  its  "Uneeda 
book"  appeal.  The  mountain  white  of  Kentucky 
who  comes  to  Berea  in  his  seventeenth  year  to 
learn  his  letters  would  surely  appreciate  an 
opportunity  to  go  on  with  them  when  he  gets 
"back  home."  In  the  north  middle  west,  where 
farms  are  still  surrounded  by  a  fringe  of  pine 
and  an  "Infinite  Destiny,"  a  farmer's  wife 
writes  as  follows: 

"For  many  years  I  have  Mved  on  a  farm 
on  the  cleared  land  of  northern  Wisconsin, 
and  I  have  made  an  earnest  study  of  the  con- 
ditions that  surround  the  lives  of  the  average 
isolated  farmer  and  his  family ;  I  have  seen  all 
of  the  loneliness  and  desolation  of  their  lives ; 
I  have  witnessed  all  the  dreariness  and  poverty 
of  their  homes. 

"I  have  been  with  them  when  our  nearest 
railroad  station  meant  a  28-mile  trip  through 
bottomless  mud  or  over  shaking  corduroy; 
where  our  nearest  post-office  was  eighteen 
miles  away  over  the  same  impassable  roads, 
and  where  we  were  often  without  mail  for 
weeks  at  a  time  ;  when  the  nearest  public  library 
was  sixty  miles  away;  when  the  only  element 
of  culture  or  progress  we  possessed  was  the 
little  backwoods  school,  housed  in  a  tumble- 


down log  shack  and  presided  over  by  careless 
or  incompetent  teachers.  I  have  watched  civ- 
ilization come  to  us,  step  by  step — the  railroad, 
the  rural  mail  delivery,  the  country  telephone, 
and  other  modern  rural  conveniences.  But, 
before  any  of  these,  right  into  the  midst  of 
our  lonely  backwoods  life,  came  the  traveling 
library,  for  it  is  characteristic  of  the  traveling 
library  that  it  is  not  dependent  on  modern  con- 
veniences for  its  appearance.  I  can  recall  the 
thrill  of  joy  with  which  we  received  our  first 
case  of  books.  I  read  their  titles  over  and 
over,  handled  and  caressed  them  in  a  per- 
fectly absurd  manner.  Almost  all  of  the  books 
were  old  friends  of  mine,  but  to  our  little 
neighborhood  of  foreigners  they  were  'brand 
new/  and  the  enthusiasm  over  that  library 
knew  no  bounds. 

"We  had  a  regular  literary  revival  that  win- 
ter. We  talked  books  in  season  and  out  of 
season ;  and  from  talking  about  the  books  in 
the  little  library  we  fell  to  talking  of  other 
books ;  of  books  we  had.  read  in  our  younger, 
happier  days.  It  mattered  little  if  in  the  course 
of  these  conversations  books  and  authors  were 
hopelessly  mixed. 

"I  cannot  say  that  we  derived  any  great 
amount  of  knowledge  from  our  first  library, 
but  I  do  know  that  it  brought  into  our  little 
backwoods  settlement  that  which  we  needed 
much  more — hope  and  courage  and  an  interest 
in  life.  That  was  my  first  introduction  to  the 
traveling  library,  but  during  the  years  that 
have  gone  since  then  I  have  seen  much  of  the 
work  of  these  little  cases  of  books.  While  it 
is  true  that  the  traveling  library  does  not  al- 
ways meet  with  as  enthusiastic  a  reception  as 
our  little  settlement  gave  it  that  winter,  yet  it 
always  comes  to  our  rural  communities  as  a 
help  and  inspiration.  My  appreciation  of  the 
worth  of  the  traveling  library  has  grown  with 
the  years. 

"Once  a  library  meant  nothing  but  rows  of 
books,  and  its  influence  was  confined  to  narrow 
limits.  However,  with  the  establishment  of 
the  traveling  library  these  books  have  become 
veritable  missionaries,  penetrating  to  all  sorts 
of  dreary,  isolated  places,  carrying  with  them 
a  culture  and  a  pleasure  that  will  aid  in  il- 
luminating the  .long,  dreary  path  of  existence 
with  the  color  of  happiness." 

As  one  farmer's  wife  has  it  in  another  local- 
ity, "Good  books  drive  away  neighborhood 


452 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{August,  1913 


discussion  of  the   four  deadly  D's— Diseases, 
Dress,  Descendants,  and  Domestics." 

Olive  Schreiner  in  her  wonderful  and  heart- 
searching  study  of  "Woman  and  labor"  has 
pointed  out  that  at  first  woman  hunted  with 
the  man  rather  than  for  him  (the  italics  are 
ours),  and  later,  when  the  race  settled  in  one 
spot,  the  woman  was  the  tiller  of  the  soil  and 
the  man  the  hunter  and  warrior.  Then  when 
man  no  longer  needed  to  hunt  or  fight,  the 
woman  moved  within  the  house  and  the  man 
tilled  the  fields.  The  woman  became  the  iso- 
lated one.  Isolation  is  the  menace  of  farm 
life  just  as  congestion  is  of  city  life.  This 
isolation  has  a  depressing  effect  upon  the  in- 
tellectual life  of  those  who  require  the  stim- 
ulus of  contact  with  others  to  keep  their  minds 
active.  The  woman  on  the  farm,  as  Mr.  Bailey 
has  pointed  out,  is  apt  to  become  a  fatalist. 
Floods,  drought,  storms,  tornadoes,  untimely 
frosts,  backward  seasons,  blight,  predatory 
beasts,  animal  and  plant  diseases  render  a  sea- 
son's great  labor  of  no  avail  or  destroy  the 
fruits  of  it  within  the  hour.  Along  with  these 
perennial  discouragements  comes  the  intermin- 
able round  of  getting  up  before  sunrise  and 
cooking,  baking,  dishwashing,  sewing,  mend- 
ing, washing  and  ironing  clothes  from  day  to 
day,  week  to  week,  month  to  month  and  year 
to  year,  with  additional  work  peculiar  to  the 
seasons,  such  as  at  planting  times,  threshing 
and  harvesting,  fruit  gathering  and  preserving, 
etc.,  etc.,  etc.  The  work  of  the  farm  is  carried 
on  in  direct  connection  with  the  home,  thus 
differing  from  nearly  all  other  large  industries, 
such  as  manufacturing  and  the  like.  The  fact 
that  agriculture  is  still  a  family  industry,  where 
the  work  and  home  life  are  not  separated,  dif- 
ferentiates it  from  life  in  the  city  with  its  lack 
of  a  common  business  interest  among  all  the 
members  of  the  family.  This  condition  tends 
to  make  rural  life  stable.  The  whole  family 
stay  at  home  evenings  and  one  book  is  read 
aloud  to  the  entire  family  circle.  We  still  find 
the  big  family  in  the  country  where  bridge 
whist  and  race-suicide — cause  and  effect — are 
as  yet  unknown.  But  the  big  family  puts  cares 
and  responsibilities  upon  the  mother  on  the 
farm,  and  when  one  sees  the  bent  form,  the 
tired  carriage,  the  warped  fingers,  and  the  thin, 
wrinkled  features  of  so  many  farmers'  wives, 
one  does  not  at  first  see  anything  but  cruelty 
to  animals  in  urging  recreation  and  reading 


upon  such  overburdened  women.  But  a 
brighter  industrial  day  is  at  hand.  From  per- 
petual motion  to  hours  of  reasonable  industrial 
requirements  the  daily  working  period  of  the 
farmer  is  coming  to  be  reduced  by  labor-sav- 
ing machinery.  The  modern  gasoline  engine, 
to  my  mind  the  most  important  contribution 
to  civilization  and  culture  of  recent  times,  now 
pumps  the  water,  saws  and  cuts  the  wood,  runs 
the  lighting  plant,  the  washing  machine,  the 
milking  machine,  the  cream  separator,  the 
churn,  the  sewing  machine,  the  bread-mixer, 
the  vacuum  cleaner,  the  lawn  mower,  the  coffee 
grinder,  the  ice  cream  freezer  and  even  the 
egg-beater.  These,  with  the  fireless  cooker, 
have  relieved  the  housewife  and  made  time  for 
reading  and  other  recreation.  Good  roads, 
rural  free  delivery,  the  interurban  trolley  car, 
the  automobile  and  the  rural  telephone  are 
removing  the  oldtime  isolation  and  are  making 
possible  enjoyment  and  a  culture  and  refine- 
ment equal  to  that  of  the  business  and  pro- 
fessional classes  of  the  cities.  One  thing  only 
is  withheld  from  distinctly  rural  communities 
— the  opportunity  to  get  good  books. 

It  has  been  said  so  often  it  has  become  a 
truism  that  the  rural  districts  are  the  seed  bed 
from  which  the  cities  are  stocked  with  people. 
Upon  the  character  of  this  stock  more  than 
upon  anything  else  does  the  greatness  of  a 
nation  and  the  quality  of  its  civilization  ulti- 
mately depend.  The  importance  of  doing  some- 
thing with  and  for  these  people  is  paramount, 
for  the  farms  furnish  the  cities  not  alone  with 
material  products,  but  with  men  and  women. 
Census  returns  indicate  that  cities  are  gaining 
on  the  country  all  the  time.  We  who  wish  to 
stop  the  rural  exodus  must  cooperate  with 
other  agencies  to  make  farm  life  more  attrac- 
tive, and  this  we  can  do  by  opening  our  doors 
to  farmers  and  their  wives,  the  makers  of 
men.  It  is  our  city's  self-protection  that  there 
should  come  from  the  farms  strong,  well- 
educated  minds,  and  we  each  should  contrib- 
ute our  share  to  this  end.  A  Chinese  philos- 
opher has  said :  "The  well  being  of  a  people 
is  like  a  tree;  agriculture  is  its  root,  manu- 
facturing and  commerce  are  its  branches  and 
its  life;  if  the  root  is  injured  the  leaves  fall, 
the  branches  break  away  and  the  tree  dies." 
State  universities  and  other  free  educational 
agencies  are  recognizing  the  fact  that  not  the 
few  but  all,  farm  and  city-bred  alike,  must  be 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


453 


educated  for  life  and  through  life.  Commence- 
ment day  is  no  longer  the  educational  day  of 
judgment  for  the  individual.  Rural  consol- 
idated high  schools  are  being  built  to  supple- 
ment the  little  red  school-house.  Libraries, 
through  extension  of  their  service,  must  aid  in 
the  great  agrarian  movement  of  the  day.  We 
cannot  all,  perhaps,  have  the  ideal  arrangement 
as  worked  out  in  Maryland  by  Miss  Titcomb. 
It  may  not  be  possible  to  cover  other  states 
with  book  wagons  as  Delaware  proposes  to  do. 
We  may  not  accomplish  the  California  ideal  of 
the  county  as  the  unit.  We  may  not  be  able 
to  send  traveling  libraries  on  their  beneficent 
mission,  but  we  each  may  try  to  let  down  the 
bars  at  our  own  reservoirs,  so  that  whosoever 
is  athirst  may  come  and  drink  of  the  waters  of 
life  freely. 


AMERICAN  MUNICIPAL  DOCUMENTS— 

A  LIBRARIAN'S  VIEW  * 
BY  JOHN  BOYNTON  KAISER,  Department  Libra- 
rian, Economics  and  Sociology,  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois  Library 

ACCOMPANYING  the  great  awakening  of  in- 
terest in  American  municipal  affairs  in  the  last 
two  decades,  and  in  some  places  anticipating 
it,  American  public  and  university  libraries 
have  been  accumulating  collections  of  the  offi- 
cial documents  of  representative  municipalities, 
a  field  of  literary  output  long  neglected.  In 
addition  to  the  ordinary  citizen,  the  student  or 
city  official  ^  who  may  find  these  documents  of 
use,  this  "civic  awakening"  has  in  the  last  half 
dozen  years  produced  both  the  municipal  refer- 
ence library  and  the  bureau  of  municipal  re- 
search, two  institutions  which  have  great  need 
for  good  libraries  of  this  type. 

During  this  same  period,  however,  the  im- 
provement in  the  form  of  publication,  both  of 
individual  documents  and  the  collected  docu- 
ments of  cities,  from  the  standpoint  of  refer- 
ence use,  has  by  no  means  kept  pace  with  the 
demand  for  the  documents  themselves.  Even 
the  problems  of  distribution  and  local  preserva- 
tion have  not  received  the  attention  they  de- 
serve, except  in  a  few  scattered  instances,  de- 
spite the  necessity  for  at  least  local  preserva- 
tion and  the  great  desirability  of  having  a  re- 
sponsible and  permanent  distributing  office  and 
exchange  for  the  benefit  of  officials  and  libra- 
ries in  other  municipalities. 

A  study  of  the  manner  of  publishing  and 
distributing  municipal  documents  and  also  an 
examination  of  the  form  in  which  the  volumes 
of  collected  city  documents  are  published  may 
prove  profitable. 

First,  there  is  great  lack  of  uniformity  among 
our  cities  with  regard  to  almost  all  questions 

*  Reprinted    from    Special   Libraries,    June,    1913. 


relating  to  the  publication  and  distribution  of 
both  the  separate  and  collected  reports  of  mu- 
nicipal officers.  Specific  inquiry  among  the 
cities  themselves  reveals  this.  Take,  for  ex- 
ample, the  question  of  publishing  and  financing 
the  separate  departmental  reports.  In  New 
York  City  this  is  in  the  hands  of  the  Board 
of  City  Record,  consisting  of  the  mayor,  cor- 
poration counsel  and  comptroller.  The  execu- 
tive officer  of  the  board  is  termed  the  super- 
visor of  the  city  record.  The  funds  by  which 
these  department  reports  are  financed  are  a 
part  of  the  general  fund  for  city  printing  ap- 
propriated to  this  board.  San  Francisco  puts 
the  burden  of  expense  on  the  general  fund  of 
the  Board  of  Supervisors,  the  legislative 
branch  of  the  city  government,  which  has  juris- 
diction over  all  city  printing.  Similarly,  in 
Cleveland  the  City  Council  has  control,  and 
departmental  printing  at  city  expense  must  be 
authorized  by  it.  In  Grand  Rapids  the  city 
clerk  handles  the  publication,  also  through  gen- 
eral funds. 

In  numerous  places,  however,  departmental 
printing  is  paid  for  out  of  departmental  funds, 
in  some  cases  from  specific  printing  funds,  in 
others  from  general  maintenance  funds.  In 
Chicago  and  Milwaukee,  departments  have  a 
specific  printing  fund.  In  Boston,  St.  Louis, 
Kansas  City  and  Newark  general  department 
funds  meet  the  expense. 

In  most  of  the  above  named  cities,  the  sep- 
arate departments,  either  by  law  or  by  cour- 
tesy, control  the  distribution  of  their  separate 
reports.  A  Boston  ordinance  provides  that  the 
city  messenger  "shall  have  the  care,  custody, 
and  distribution  of  all  documents,  pamphlets, 
and  books  printed  for  the  City  Council."  But 
by  courtesy,  departments  control  the  distribu- 
tion of  any  number  of  copies  they  desire.  The 
San  Francisco  situation  is  similar,  the  clerk  of 
the  Board  of  Supervisors  being  legally  in  con- 
trol. In  the  other  cities,  the  departments  them- 
selves control  this  matter  except  where  there 
is  a  municipal  reference  department  or  a  mu- 
nicipal reference  library.  Where  that  is  the 
case  it  usually  becomes  a  central  distributing 
agency  and  by  exchange  with  other  cities  ac- 
quires a  collection  of  municipal  documents  for 
comparative  research  purposes. 

Such  is  the  case  with  the  Kansas  City  Mu- 
nicipal Reference  Library,  which  is  made  an 
exchange  agency  by  the  ordinance  creating  it, 
and  with  the  Municipal  Reference  Library  of 
Chicago  which  came  under  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  Public  Library  of  that  city  by  ordinance 
March  31,  1913.  In  Milwaukee,  apparently,  no 
one  is  specifically  authorized  to  distribute  re- 
ports, the  departments  doing  whatever  distri- 
bution is  done,  but  the  Municipal  Reference 
Library  expects  eventually  to  acquire  this  func- 
tion. When  the  Municipal  Reference  Depart- 
ment of  the  Clevetend  Public  Library  is  fur- 
ther developed,  it  will  doubtless  be  able  to  as- 
sume a  similar  function  for  Cleveland. 

The  bound   volumes   of  collected  municipal 


454 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


reports,  in  contrast  with  the  separate  depart- 
mental reports  just  discussed,  are  usually  is- 
sued by  the  city  clerk,  or  some  equivalent  offi- 
cer, and  their  publication  financed  from  general 
funds.  In  St.  Louis,  the  cost  is  provided  for 
in  the  annual  appropriation  ordinance  by  the 
comptroller;  in  San  Francisco  by  the  general 
fund  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors;  in  Cleve- 
land through  authorized  expenditure  by  the 
city  clerk,  and  similarly  in  Newark  and  Grand 
Rapids. 

The  city  messenger  distributes  them  in  Bos- 
ton; while  in  St.  Louis  the  Municipal  Refer- 
ence Library,  by  arrangement  with  the  city 
register's  office,  performs  this  duty.  In  San 
Francisco  the  clerk  of  the  Board,  and  in  Cleve- 
land and  Newark,  the  city  clerk  distributes. 
In  Newark,  however,  this  is  actually  done  by 
a  branch  of  the  city  clerk's  office  which  has 
charge  of  the  Municipal  Reference  Library, 
located  in  the  city  hall.  Again,  in  Kansas  City, 
the  Municipal  Reference  Library  and  in  Grand 
Rapids  the  Public  Library  are  the  distributing 
agencies  for  the  collected  documents. 

Uniformity  in  all  these  matters  may  not  be 
essential,  and  general  rules  suitable  to  all  cities 
regarding  the  manner  of  publishing  and  financ- 
ing the  publication  of  city  documents  cannot 
be  formulated.  One  thing  is  certain,  however, 
and  that  is  that  there  should  be  a  responsible 
and  permanent  central  distributing  agency,  pre- 
ferably one  interested  in  the  work  and  taking 
advantage  of  its  function  as  such  to  acquire 
by  exchange  with  other  cities  a  library  of 
municipal  documents.  The  Municipal  Refer- 
ence Library  is  the  logical  place  to  locate  such 
responsibility,  and  has  been  urged  for  the  place 
for  some  time  by  the  National  Municipal 
League. 

In  cities  lacking  such  an  institution,  the  Pub- 
lic Library  should  endeavor  to  acquire  the 
responsibility.  Opposition  to  such  an  attempt 
may  be  expected  from  departments  which  feel 
that  some  authority  over  their  own  property  is 
being  taken  from  them;  but  this  should  be 
overcome  by  making  them  understand  that 
simply  the  physical  burden  of  distributing  is 
being  taken  from  them  and  that  the  reports 
are  as  much  at  their  disposal  as  formerly.  ^  De- 
partment mailing  lists  will  still  be  maintained. 
This  would  be  quite  in  harmony  with  the  sug- 
gestions of  the  President's  commission  on  econ- 
omy and  efficiency  concerning  the  distribution 
of  the  reports  of  the  various  offices  of  the 
United  States  Government.  Its  recommenda- 
tions were  that  the  distribution  of  federal  doc- 
uments of  all  kinds  be  centralized  in  the  office 
of  the  superintendent  of  documents,  an  office 
well  equipped  to  assume  such  a  duty. 

Turning  now  to  the  form  of  publication  of 
collected  city  documents  what  do  we  find? 
Let  us  examine  those  of  four  typical  cities 
v-tt1.1  ?  view  to  suggesting  possible  improve- 
ments in  form  only.  The  cities  selected  are  of 
varying  sizes  and  are  selected  at  random, 
though  a  more  extended  comparative  study 


shows  that  they  may  be  regarded  as  indeed 
typical.  The  documents  of  Bangor  (Maine), 
Cambridge  (Massachusetts),  Boston  and  Cleve- 
land will  serve  our  purpose. 

The  collected  documents  of  Bangor  (pop- 
ulation 24,803  in  1910),  for  the  fiscal  year  1911- 
1912,  form  a  continuously  paged  octavo  volume 
°f  399  pages,  bound  in  dark  green  cloth  and 
exhibiting  a  good  quality  of  press  work  on 
paper  fairly  well  suited  to  its  task.  The  title- 
page  signifies  that  within  are  the  mayor's  ad- 
dress, the  annual  reports  of  the  several  depart- 
ments, and  the  receipts  and  expenditures  for 
the  municipal  year  1911-1912.  No  table  of  con- 
tents is  given.  Preceding  even  the  mayor's  ad- 
dress is  a  page  showing  the  Bangor  city  gov- 
ernment 1911-1912  on  which  appear  the  names 
of  the  mayor,  city  clerk  and  clerk  of  board, 
aldermen  and  common  councilmen,  by  wards. 
The  separate  reports  then  follow  in  no  dis- 
coverable order  and  have  in  no  instance  indi- 
vidual table  of  contents  or  index.  Following 
the  last  report  is  a  directory  of  the  city  govern- 
ment, for  1912-1913,  complete,  including  even  a 
table  of  salaries.  A  three-page  index — single 
column — closes  the  volume. 

Considering  form  only,  without  regard  to 
data  presented,  several  things  seem  obvious. 
A  table  of  contents  to  the  whole  should  cer- 
tainly be  furnished;  and  the  separate  reports 
should  be  arranged  in  some  definite  order. 
Add  a  consecutive  number  to  the  documents 
thus  arranged  and  you ,  have  a  convenient 
method  of  citation  by  merely  referring  to  Doc. 
26:1912.  Further,  each  separate  report  should 
have  its  table  of  contents  and  index  unless  the 
final  volume-index  is  made  in  sufficient  detail 
to  cover  each  document  analytically — which  in 
this  particular  case  it  is  not.  This  volume  be- 
ing paged  consecutively  at  the  usual  place  for 
page  number,  the  paging  of  each  separate  re- 
port as  originally  issued  should  be  printed  at 
the  bottom  so  that  a  given  reference  may  be 
found  no  matter  which  form  of  paging  is  cited. 
An  occasional  illustration  would  add  value. 

Some  of  the  same  criticisms  apply  equally 
well  to  the  mayor's  address  at  the  organization 
of  the  city  government,  April  3,  1911,  and  the 
annual  reports  made  to  the  city  council  for 
the  year  ending  March  31,  1911,  under  which 
title  appears  a  recent  volume  of  the  collected 
documents  of  Cambridge,  Mass. — a  city  of  104,- 
839  population  at  the  last  census. 

In  this  volume  the  mayor's  address  is  evi- 
dently considered  an  introductory  document, 
being  paged  i-xxi.  The  first  report  follows 
that  of  the  school  commissioner,  a  document 
of  91  pages,  with  an  individual  table  of  con- 
tents. This  last  distinction  is  attained  by  none 
other  of  the  documents  forming  the  total  693 
passes  of  reports. 

In  an  appendix  following  these  reports  are 
printed  the  ordinances  passed  between  April  i, 
1910,  and  April  i,  1911,  and  the  amendments 
to  the  standing  regulations  of  the  board  of 
aldermen.  Next  come  lists  of  the  mayors  of 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


455 


Cambridge  from  1846  to  1911,  the  presidents 
of  the  board  of  aldermen  and  common  council, 
diagrams  of  the  aldermanic  and  common  coun- 
cil chambers,  a  directory  of  the  aldermen, 
councilmen,  their  committees,  and  the  various 
departments  and  officials  of  the  city — all  pre- 
sented under  the  appropriate  running  title  of 
Municipal  register.  A  table  of  votes  cast  at  all 
state  and  city  elections  held  between  November 
8,  1910,  and  March  14,  1911,  concludes  the  ap- 
pendix. The  contents  at  the  end  of  the  vol- 
ume is  virtually  an  index,  covering  first,  rather 
minutely,  and  by  specific  topics  alphabetically 
arranged,  the  auditor's  report,  then  presenting 
in  alphabetical  order  the  general  subjects  of 
the  other  documents.  There  is  no  real  table  of 
contents  showing  the  order  of  topics  either  to 
the  whole  volume  or  any  of  its  constitutional 
parts.  Nor  does  any  one  of  these  parts  have 
its  separate  index,  except  as  the  general  index 
furnishes  first  a  specific  index'  to  the  auditor's 
report,  as  just  noted. 

Turning  to  our  "Sixth  city"  numbering  560,- 
663  in  1910,  we  find  that  Cleveland's  Annual 
reports  of  the  departments  of  government  of 
the  city  of  Cleveland  for  the  year  ending  Dec. 
31,  1910,  form  a  bulky  and  somewhat  unsub- 
stantial volume  of  an  unknown  number  of 
pages.  The  separate  reports,  called  "divisions," 
are  separately  paged,  numbered  1-20,  and  ar- 
ranged in  numerical  order.  The  beginning  of 
each  division  in  the  volume  is  discoverable  by 
a  labeled  thumb-mark  similar  to  the  A,  B,  C 
thumb-marks  on  the  face  of  a  large  dictionary. 
Preliminary  pages  give  a  register  of  municipal 
officers.  The  table  of  contents  notes  the  twen- 
ty divisions  in  I,  2,  3  order.  A  detailed  index 
of  ten  pages  precedes  the  auditor's  report  and 
a  table  of  contents  is  given  to  the  report  of 
the  water  works  department.  No  general  in- 
dex to  the  volume  as  a  whole  is  furnished,  and 
valuable  reports  of  important  departments  can- 
not be  located  where  the  department  reporting 
happens  to  be  a  part  only  of  one  of  the  larger 
divisions  mentioned  in  the  contents.  The  paper 
is  too  heavy;  the  binding  is  too  weak,  strong 
cloth  being  preferable  to  weak  leather. 

Boston,  with  a  population  of  670,585,  is  a 
little  more  successful,  though  there  is  still  room 
for  improvement.  For  a  number  of  years  its 
reports  have  filled  two,  and  sometimes  three, 
-thick  volumes,  called  parts,  each  with  separate 
table  of  contents.  This  table  shows  that  Bos- 
ton documents  are  arranged  alphabetically  by 
the  names  of  the  departments  reporting,  and 
thus  arranged  a  consecutive  number  is  assigned 
running  through  both  or  all  three  of  the  vol- 
umes. Moreover,  the  contents  of  each  volume 
(or  part)  is  plainly  printed  on  a  black  label 
on  the  back  of  each  volume.  The  printing  and 
paper  are  good,  the  work  being  done  at  the 
municipal  printing  office.  The  individual  doc- 
uments are  separately  paged  and,  as  a  rule, 
like  the  previous  examples,  have  neither  table 
of  contents  nor  index,  though  here  again  the 
auditor's  report  of  333  pages  is  an  exception. 
It  has  a  detailed,  double-column  index  of  six 


and  one-quarter  pages.  Boston  documents  may 
be  conveniently  referred  to  by  number  and 
year,  i.e.,  Doc.  2 — 1907 ;  the  year  being  the  year 
in  which  the  report  was  made,  not  the  year 
covered  by  the  report,  and  not  necessarily  the 
year  in  which  the  collected  documents  were 
published.  For  example,  the  reports  covering 
1906  were  presented  in  1907,  but  the  volume 
of  collected  documents  bears  the  imprint  date 
1908. 

For  a  number  of  years  the  Boston  docu- 
ments included  in  the  final  volume,  usually 
three,  a  brief  alphabetical  index  to  all  the  col- 
lected volumes  for  that  year. 

Special  attention  must  be  called  to  the  gen- 
eral indexes  covering  the  collected  documents 
of  Boston  for  a  long  series  of  years,  indexes 
which  are  almost  unique  in  their  field.  They 
have  been  published  as  follows  and  cover  the 
years  indicated  in  the  first  column : 

1834-1874,    published    in    City    Docs.,    1874, 

vol.  i. 
1834-1880,    published    in    City    Docs.,    1880, 

vol.  i. 
1834-1886,    published    in    City    Docs.,    1886, 

vol.  i. 

1834-1891  with  an  appendix  containing  a  list 
of   publications   not   included    among   the 
numbered  documents.     Bost.     Rockwell  & 
Churchill,  1891.     120  p. 
(1834-1891)  A  list  of  documents  not  serially 
numbered  prior  to  1891.    Appendix  to  in- 
dex to  documents.    Bost.    1894. 
1834-1897,  with  an  appendix  ...  of  ...  pub- 
lications not  included  among  the  numbered 
documents.     142  p.     Bost.     1897. 
Numerous  references  have  been  made  in  re- 
cent years  to  the  inadequacy  and  meaningless- 
ness  of  the  average  city  document.    But,  even 
without  the  improvement  in  data  which  is  more 
and  more  noticeable,  city  documents  should  be 
viewed  as  historical  records  and  published  and 
preserved  with  the  care  due  such  records. 

Good  book-making  would  seem  to  demand 
at  least  the  following  points : 

Begin  with  a  title-page.  Let  it  indicate  the 
compiler,  if  any,  the  place  of  publication,  pub- 
lisher or  printer,  and  date.  Let  the  title  state 
specifically  the  period1  covered  by  the  reports. 
Follow  this  with  a  good  table  of  contents  to 
the  whole  volume.  It  should  show  not  only 
the  order  in  which  the  reports  appear,  but  also 
the  names  of  all  important  subordinate  divi- 
sions of  departments  which  have  reports  of 
division  heads  published  within  the  full  report 
of  the  department. 

Let  the  reports  be  arranged  in  a  definite 
order  by  the  name  of  the  department  reporting 
and  be  consecutively  numbered  as  thus  ar- 
ranged. An  alphabetical  arrangement  is  the 
simplest  and  always  a  feasible  plan;  but  in 
many  cases  a  grouping  of  closely  related  de- 
partments might  be  more  satisfactory.  The 
paging  ofi  the  separate  reports  should  be  pre- 
served and  a  continuous  paging  for  the  volume 
added. 
The  separate  reports  should  each  have  a 


456 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


table,  of  contents  noting  all  officers  reporting 
therein.  For  any  but  the  shortest  an  index 
should  be  provided.  At  the  end  of  the  volume 
should  appear  an  analytical  and  detailed  index 
to  the  entire  contents.  Good  index-making  re- 
quires care,  thought  and  experience.  Yet  there 
are  printed  helps  for  the  guidance  of  the  in- 
experienced indexer  compelled  to  do  this  work. 
Also,  there  are  experts  who  for  a  reasonable 
charge  will  compile  an  index  satisfactory  in 
every  respect. 

Good  paper  should  be  demanded,  not  only 
paper  that  makes  a  good  appearance  at  first, 
but  paper  that  will  withstand  the  ravages  of 
time.  Among  others  a  committee  of  the  Amer- 
ican Library  Association  has  studied  for  some 
time  the  question  of  paper  suitable  to  receive 
the  impress  of  what  should  be  imperishable 
records.  Good  press-work  should  be  insisted 
upon  and  a  substantial  cloth  binding  demanded, 
for  it  is  more  suitable  than  leather  for  the 
preservation  oil  books  not  subj  ected  to  frequent 
handling.  The  present  binding  of  the  United 
States  Government  documents  is  a  choice  made 
after  long  study  of  the  question  by  qualified 
experts  and  experimenters. 

The  historian  has  found  public  documents  a 
precious  heritage.  Let  those  of  us  who  are 
preparing  to-day  the  heritage  of  to-morrow  be- 
queath it  in  a  form,  if  not  always  in  content, 
such  that  his  faith  in  our  degree  of  civilization 
need  not  be  shaken. 

RELATIONS  BETWEEN  THE  LIBRARY 
AND  THE  MUNICIPALITY 

The  following  is  the  full  text  of  the  report 
presented  by  Dr.  Bostwick  to  the  Council  of 
the  A.  L.  A.  at  the  conference,  June  24,  1913 : 

In  presenting  this  final  report,  your  com- 
mittee finds  it  necessary  to  consider  and  to 
give  expression  to  two  points  of  view,  both  of 
which  are  represented  in  its  membership  and 
neither  of  which  can  be  neglected — one  that 
believes  that,  owing  to  diversity  of  local  con- 
ditions and  of  constitutional  and  other  re- 
quirements in  different  parts  of  the  Union,  it 
is  impossible  to  frame  definitely  a  model  li- 
brary law  or  a  model  library  section  of  a  city 
charter,  and  the  other,  that  without  some  such 
expression  as  can  be  given  only  in  the  form 
of  a  definite  body  of  law  of  this  kind  the 
recommendations  of  the  committee  will  neces- 
sarily be  vague  and  will  largely  fail  of  effect. 

Your  committee  has  therefore  thought  it 
best  in  the  first  place  to  make  a  statement  of 
the  things  that  a  library  law;  or  charter  sec- 
tion should,  in  its  opinion,  aim  to  do,  giving 
reasons  where  necessary;  and  in  the  second 
place  to  present  a  definite  example  of  the  way 
in  which  these  things  may  be  done,  accom- 
panied by  a  warning  that  before  adopting  it 
as  a  model  in  any  specific  instance,  it  should 
be  carefully  studied  by  some  competent  per- 
son and  modified  to  suit  the  necessities  of  the 
case.  Your  committee  realizes  also  that  every 
state  library  law  should  contain  provisions, 


such  as  those  regulating  the  state  library  and 
library  commission,  which  do  not  fall  within 
the  duties  assigned  to  this  committee  and 
hence  are  not  touched  upon  in  this  report. 

And  first,  regarding  the  aims  of  a  library 
law: 

(a)  We  reiterate  our  statement  of  last  year 
that  the  library  is  an  educational  institution, 
and  that  education  is  a  matter  of  state  rather 
than  of  local  concern.    If  a  state  already  has  a 
good   library   law   which  has   worked  and   is 
working   well    and    satisfactorily   to    all    con- 
cerned, local  libraries  should  be  left  in  opera- 
tion under  the  provisions  of  the  law,  precisely 
as  the  schools  should  be  and  generally  are  left, 
no  matter  what  changes  in  the  form  of  mu- 
nicipal government  are  contemplated  or  have 
been  carried  into  effect.     If  the  state  law  is 
not  entirely  satisfactory,  it  is  better  to  amend 
it  than  to  try  to  better  matters  through  the 
local  charter.     The  charter  may  well  contain, 
to  avoid  the  possibility  of  conflict,  some  such 
special  disclaimer  as  the  following:  "Nothing 
in  this  charter  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  in- 
terfere with  the  operation  of  the  public  library 
under  the  library  laws  of  the  state."     If  the 
library  law   contains  provisions   seemingly  in 
conflict  with  new  charter  provisions,  some  ad- 
ditional definition  may  l)e  necessary. 

(b)  Possibly    we    are    not    yet    ready    for 
compulsory  library  establishment  throughout  a 
state,  but  at  all  events  it  should  be  made  simple 
and  easy  for  any  public  taxing  or  governing 
body  to  establish  a  free  public  library  and  to 
tax  itself  for  the  support  of  that  library,  ac- 
cepting gifts   where  necessary   and   obligating 
itself    to    fulfil    the    conditions    under    which 
these  gifts  are  made.    This  would  include  mu- 
nicipalities,   counties,    townships,    school    dis- 
tricts, boards  of  education,  etc. 

The  library  should  be  assured  of  reasonable 
and  sufficient  financial  support,  either  through 
the  operation  of  a  special  tax  provision  or  by 
the  requirement  of  a  minimum  appropriation 
by  the  authorities.  In  no  case  should  the  ex- 
istence or  value  of  the  library  be  placed  in 
jeopardy  by  making  possible  a  capricious  with- 
drawal or  lessening  of  support  by  the  local 
authorities. 

(c)  The  library  should  be  administered  by 
an   independent  board   of  trustees,   not  by  a 
single  commissioner,  and,  in  particular,  not  by 
a  commissioner  who  has  other  matters  on  his 
hands.     In  case  such  grouping  appears  neces- 
sary, the  library  should  be  placed  with  other 
educational  agencies  and'  in  no  case  treated  as 
a   group   of  buildings    or   a  mere  agency  of 
recreation.     The  board  should  be  a  body  cor- 
porate,  distinct  from   other  municipal  organ- 
izations and  departments,  with  powers  of  suc- 
cession, power  to  sue  and  be  sued,  to  acquire 
and  hold  property,  etc.    The  terms  of  its  mem- 
bers  should  not   expire  all   at  once,   so  that 
reasonable  continuity  in  policy  will  be  insured. 
It  should  have  power  to  take  over  and  manage 
other   city  libraries,   school  libraries   and,   by 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


457 


contract,  libraries  in  other  municipalities  or 
communities. 

(d)  The    funds    of    the    library,    including 
those  derived  from  taxation,  bequest,  gift,  and 
library  fines  and  desk  receipts,  should  be  at 
the  board's  free  disposal  for  library  purposes, 
including  the  purchase  of  land  and  the  erection 
of  buildings.     They   should   be   received   and 
held   by    the   municipal    authorities,    and    dis- 
bursed on  voucher,  with  the  same  safeguards 
and  under  the  same  auspices  as  those  required 
for  other  public  funds. 

(e)  The  library  should  be  operated  on  the 
merit  system,  in  the  same  way  that  the  schools 
are  operated — not  by  placing  the  selection  and 
promotion  of  library  employes  in  the  hands  of 
the  same  board   that   selects   clerks   and   me- 
chanics for  the  city  departments,  but  by  re- 
quiring that  the  library  board   establish   and 
carry  out  an  efficient  system  of  service  satis- 
factory to  the  proper  authorities. 

The  board  should  have  entire  control  of  its 
own  working  force,  and  should  initiate  its  own 
policies,  including  selection  of  sites  and  plan- 
ning of  buildings,  its  librarian  being  regarded 
both  as  its  executive  officer  and  as  its  expert 
adviser,  to  whom  the  choice  of  methods  and 
the  management  of  details  are  naturally  left. 
He  should  be  present  at  meetings  of  the  Board 
and  may  serve  as  its  secretary. 

We  regard  as  satisfactory  any  body  of  law 
that  will  accomplish  the  results  aimed  at  in  the 
following  sections,  which  your  committee  does 
not  regard  as  couched  in  legal  phraseology. 
Before  being  used  in  any  state  its  provisions 
should  be  reworded  by  a  competent  person  ex- 
perienced in  drafting  bills  for  the  legislature 
of  that  state: 

Section    i. 

Any    taxing   body    shall    have    authority    to    levy    a 

tax,   not  less  than  mills   on   the   dollar,   for  the 

support  of  a  free  public  library  within  its  jurisdiction, 
and  such  tax  shall  be  levied  if  so  ordered  by  a  ma- 
jority vote  of  all  voters  at  a  general  election,  on 
petition  signed  by  voters. 

Any  governing  or  taxing  body  shall  have  power  to 
provide,  by  annual  appropriation,  for  the  support  of 
a  free  public  library,  whether  or  not  a  tax  is  levied 
as  above  provided,  or  to  enter  into  a  contract  for 
library  service  with  another  governing  or  taxing  body, 
or  with  a  private  corporation  already  maintaining  such 
a  library. 

Section   2. 

Any  library  supported  as  specified  in  Section  i  shall 
be  governed  by  a  board  of  not  less  than  five  or  more 
than  nine  trustees  (appointed  as  the  legislature  may 
provide),  which  board  shall  have  the  powers  of  a 
public  corporation  and  shall  perform  all  acts  neces- 
sary and  convenient  for  the  maintenance  and  opera- 
tion of  the  library. 

The  board  may  receive  gifts  and  bequests,  acquire 
and  transfer  property,  real  and  personal,  sue  and  be 
sued.  It  shall  manage  all  libraries  owned  by  the  city, 
and  may  contract  with  other  public  bodies  within  and 
without  the  city  to  render  library  service,  adding  to 
its  number,  if  mutually  so  agreed,  one  or  more  repre- 
sentatives of  such  public  body.  The  terms  of  the 
members  shall  not  expire  coincidentally.  Any  mem- 
ber may  be  removed  by  the  appointing  or  elective 
power  for  stated  cause. 

Section    3. 

All  moneys  collected  for  the  use  of  the  library, 
whether  by  taxation  or  otherwise,  shall  be  in  custody 
of  the  city  treasurer,  and  shall  be  paid  out  by  him 


on  vouchers   duly  attested  by  the   board  and  audited 
by  the  proper  city  authority. 

Section   4. 

All  employes  of  the  library  shall  be  appointed  and 
promoted  for  merit  only,  and  the  board  shall  adopt 
such  measures  as  will  in  its  judgment  conduce  to  this 
end. 

Section    5, 

If  a  gift  is  offered  to  the  library  on  conditions  in- 
volving the  performance  of  certain  acts  annually,  the 
municipality  may  obligate  itself  to  perform  such  acts 
by  ordinance,  which  shall  not  be  repealed. 

Section   6. 

The  board  shall  submit  an  annual  report  of  its 
work  in  detail,  with  its  receipts  and  expenditures,  to 
the  tax-levying  body 


HISTORY  LESSONS  IN  VACATION 

FROM  the  Hartford  Courant  comes  Miss 
Caroline  Hewins'  vacation  letter  to  the  children 
of  her  library.  Miss  Hewins  describes  a  pil- 
grimage to  the  historic  shrines  of  New  Eng- 
land and  Canada,  and  leaves  provoking  blanks 
which  will  send  her  young  readers  to  the  his- 
tory shelves  out  of  sheer  curiosity. 

Dear  Boys  and   Girls: 

This  summer  I  am  not  asking  you  to  come 
to  my  office  for  book-talks  or  to  the  boys  and 
girls'  room  for  stories.  The  reason  is  that  I 
expect  to  be  a  long  way  from  here,  but  you 
may  look  for  a  letter  every  week,  and  every- 
one of  you  may  think  that  the  letter  is  written 
especially  to  you.  An  old  story  says  that  once 
upon  a  time  a  handsome  young  Hindu  god 
went  to  a  festival  where  there  were  a  great 
many  girls  and  no  men  to  dance  with  them, 
and  by  his  magic  power  he  turned  himself 
into  the  form  of  as  many  men  as  there  were 
girls,  and  every  one  of  them  thought  that  she 
had  the  handsomest  partner  and  the  best 
dancer  of  all.  I  should  like  to  have  every  one 
of  you  think  that  the  letters  are  written  espe- 
cially for  you,  and  that  they  are  about  the 
places  that  you  would  like  best  to  see. 

The  first  town  I  expect  to  go  to  is  not  very 
far  away.  A  little  girl  I  know  made  a  visit 
there  once  and  did  not  see  the  museum  that 
she  had  read  about  in  "The  Bodleys  on 
wheels,"  or  the  "House  of  the  seven  gables." 
How  many  of  you  remember  what  town  it  is? 
Her  big  brother  is  going  on  the  long,  far- 
away trip  with  me,  and  the  day  in — (I  had 
almost  written  the  word)  is  so  that  she  too 
may  be  able  to  think  about  her  travels  and  the 
wonderful  things  she  has  seen.  The  next  day 
we  expect  to  start  on  our  real  pilgrimage.  We 
carry  an  umbrella  instead  of  a  pilgrim's  staff, 
and  leave  our  scallop  shells  and  water  bottles 
behind,  except  hot-water  bottles,  that  were  not 
invented  in  pilgrim  days,  but  pilgrims  we  are 
to  places  where  great  and  famous  men  and 
women  have  lived  and  died. 

We  begin  by  going  from  Boston  through  to 
Portland,  to  which  we  made  a  little  pilgrimage 
three  or  four  years  ago,  when  Bob  was  only  up 
to  my  chin  instead  of  over  my  head.  Who  was 
born  there  and  lived  there  when  he  was  a  boy, 


458 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


and  saw  the  seafight  of  the 


and 


in  the  War  of  1812,  and  wrote  about  it  and 
Deering's  Woods  in  a  poem  long  afterwards? 
We  shall  not  see  the  beautiful  harbor,  be- 
cause we  expect  to  go  through  in  the  night, 
and  we  shall  have  to  go  through  the  White 
Mountains  without  a  glimpse  of  "The  Great 

Stone  Face"  that  wrote  about,  or  the 

Wiley  House,  where  the  ambitious  guest  sat 
with  the  farmer's  family  till  the  noise  of  a 
landslide  sent  them  all  out  into  the  road  to 
be  buried  under  falling  earth  and  rocks. 

When  daylight  comes,  if  the  train  is  on  time, 
it  will  be  in  Canada,  going  through  a  farming 
country,  and  by  noon  we  ought  to  see  the 
River  and  the  shining  roofs  and  tower- 
ing citadel  of .  There  will  be  so  much 

to  see,  the  old  gates  and  walls,  the  caleches, 

the  Plains  of ,  the  Falls  of ,  which 

you  can  read  about  in  Miss  Plummer's  "Roy 
and  Ray  in  Canada,"  or  better  yet  in  Park- 
man's  "Montcalm  and  Wolfe" — that  we  may 
stay  three  or  four  days.  Then  the  steamship 
Canada  is  due,  coming  down  the  river,  and  the 
first  stage  of  our  journey  is  over.  If  we  knew 
just  where  one  of  my  favorite  girls  in  all  his- 
tory lived  when  she  made  cowardly  men 
ashamed  of  themselves  and  galkntly  defended 
the  block-house  where  she  and  her  little 
brother  had  been  left  while  her  father  and 
mother  were  away,  we  should  certainly  not 
miss  a  sight  of  the  place.  You  can  read  the 
story  for  yourselves  in  Parkman's  "Frontenac 
and  New  France,"  or  Sweetser's  "Ten  girls 
from  history/'  or  Agnes  Maule  Machar's  "Sto- 
ries of  New  France."  Her  name  was  Made- 
leine Vercheres,  and  she  lived  in  the  time  when 
the  Connecticut  charter  was  hidden. 

Perhaps  some  post  cards  of  interesting  places 
will  come  to  the  boys  and  girls'  room  for  the 
boys  and  girls  who  can  find,  read  and  tell 
stories  about  them.  Every  one  of  you  from 
this  school  year's  sixth  to  ninth  grade  who 
would  like  to  belong  to  a  Story-Tellers'  Club 
this  summer,  and  read  stories  about  these 
places  to  talk  over  and  tell  afterwards,  may 
leave  his  or  her  name  with  Miss  Eddy  in  the 
boys  and  girls'  room. 

CAROLINE  M.  HEWINS. 

JOHN  SHAW  BILLINGS  * 

IT  is  seldom  that  the  death  of  an  individual 
removes  from  two  professions  a  unit  of  sin- 
gular power  in  each.  But  such  was  the  loss 
in  the  recent  death  of  John  Shaw  Billings : 
a  scientist  in  a  department  of  science  inten- 
sive and  exacting,  a  librarian  rigorously  scien- 
tific in  a  profession  broadly  humane.  To  the 
former  he  made  original  contributions  which 
constituted  him  an  authority  within  special 
fields;  but  also  in  his  great  "Index-catalogue 
of  medical  literature,"  one  which  assured  cer- 
tainty and  promoted  advance  in  every  field — 
and  left  the  entire  medical  profession  his 
debtor.  As  a  librarian,  having  first  brought 

*  Memorial  adopted  by  the  American  Library 
Association  at  its  annual  conference  at  Kaaterskill, 
June  25,  1913. 


to  preeminence  the  professional  library  en- 
trusted to  him,  he  was  called  to  the  organiza- 
tion into  a  single  system  of  isolated  funds  and 
institutions,  achieved  that  organization,  and 
lived  to  see  it,  under  his  charge,  develop  into 
the  largest  general  library  system  in  the 
world,  with  a  possible  influence  upon  our 
greatest  metropolis  of  incalculable  importance 
to  it,  and,  through  it,  to  the  welfare  of  our 
entire  country. 

The  qualities  which  enabled  him  to  accom- 
plish all  this  included  not  merely  certain  na- 
tive abilities— among  them  penetration,  con- 
centration, vigor,  tenacity  of  purpose  and  di- 
rectness of  method — but  others  developed  by 
self -denial,  self-discipline,  and  a  complete  ded- 
ication to  the  work  in  hand.  It  was  through 
these  ^that  he  earned  his  education  and  his 
scientific  training,  and  they  hardened  into 
habits  which  attended  him  to  the  end  of  his 
days,  when  he  concluded  in  toil  that  shirked 
no  detail  a  life  begun  in  toil  and  devoted  to 
detail. 

Such  habits,  a  keen  faculty  of  analysis,  and 
a  scientific  training  kept  him  aloof  alike  from 
hasty  generalizations  and  from  the  impulses 
of  mere  emotion,  while  his  military  training 
induced  in  him  three  characteristics  which 
marked  alike  his  treatment  of  measures  and 
his  dealing  with  men :  incisiveness,  a  distaste 
for  the  superfluous  and  the  redundant,  and 
an  insistence  upon  the  suitable  subordination 
of  the  part  to  the  whole.  In  this  combination, 
and  in  the  knowledge  of,  and  power  over, 
men  which  accompanied  it,  he  was  unique 
among  librarians;  in  his  complete  lack  of 
ostentation  he  was  unusual  among  men.  His 
mind  was  ever  on  the  substance,  indifferent 
to  the  form.  A  power  in  two  professions,  to 
have  termed  him  the  "ornament"  of  either 
would  have  affronted  him,  for  he  was  con- 
sistently impatient  of  the  merely  ornamental. 
Any  personal  ostentation  was  actually  repug- 
nant to  him ;  and  he  avoided  it  as  completely 
in  what  he  suffered  as  in  what  he  achieved, 
bearing,  Avith  a  reticence  that  asked  no  al- 
lowances, physical  anguish  in  which  most  men 
would  have  found  ample  excuse  from  every 
care. 

If  such  a  combination  of  traits  assured 
his  remarkable  efficiency,  it  might  not  have 
seemed  calculated  to  promote  warm  personal 
or  social  attachments.  Yet  there  was  in  him 
also  a  singular  capacity  for  friendship ;  not 
indeed  for  impulsive  and  indiscriminate  inti- 
macies, but  for  those  selective,  deep,  steady, 
and  lasting  friendships  which  are  proof  of 
the  fundamental  natures  of  men.  And  how- 
ever terse,  austere,  and  even  abrupt,  his  man- 
ner in  casual  relations,  where  a  really  human 
interest  was  at  stake  he  might  be  relied  upon 
for  sympathies  both  warm  and  considerate, 
and  the  more  effective  because  consistently 
just  and  inevitably  sincere. 

The  testimonies  to  these  qualities  in  his 
character,  to  these  powers,  and  to  his  varied 
achievements  have  already  been  many  and 
impressive.  The  American  Library  Associa- 
tion wishes  to  add  its  own,  with  a  special 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


459 


recognition  not  merely  of  the  value  to  the 
community  of  the  things  which  he  accom- 
plished, but  of  the  value  to  individuals  in  the 
example  of  a  character  and  abilities  so  reso- 
lutely developed  and  so  resolutely  applied  to 
the  service  of  science  and  the  service  of  men. 

CHARLES  CARROLL  SOULE* 
WITH  profound  sorrow  we  record  the  death 
of  Charles  C.  Soule,  whose  services  and  rela- 
tion to  the  American  Library  Association 
were  in  many  ways  unique.  Though  himself 
not  a  librarian,  yet  in  the  early  days  of  the 
public  library  he  was  one  of  those  who  fore- 
saw the  great  force  which  it  might  be  made 
to  exert  in  our  democratic  civilization ;  and 
to  promote  the  wise  realization  of  this  vision 
he  labored  unceasingly  as  a  member  of  this 
Association  for  more  than  thirty  years,  and 
was  a  constant  attendant  at  the  meetings. 
He  served  as  vice-president  in  1890,  as  member 
ber  of  the  Institute  for  six  years,  as  member 
of  the  Council  for  eight  years,  as  trustee  of 
the  endowment  fund  for  twelve  years,  and 
as  a  member  of  the  Publishing  Board  for 
eighteen  years.  But  his  distinctive  contribu- 
tion was  in  efforts  towards  the  improvement 
of  library  architecture ;  and  here  by  his  study 
and  writings,  as  well  as  by  creating  the  office 
of  advisory  expert  in  building,  he  did  more 
than  any  other  man  to  further  the  planning 
of  library  buildings  for  library  work. 

In  reciting  the  tale  of  his  accomplishment, 
it  is  impossible  to  forget  the  man.  Unselfish 
and  high-minded,  a  good  counsellor  and  a 
consistent  friend,  he  ever  showed  eager  and 
affectionate  interest  in  the  work  of  his  fellow 
members,  and  especially  in  the  success  of 
those  beginning  their  careers.  Above  all,  he 
possessed  a  generous  faith  in  his  associates 
and  an  unfailing  good  will.  These  were  but 
a  few  of  the  qualities  which  enabled  him  to 
achieve  so  much  for  the  public  library,  and 
which  endeared  him  to  hosts  of  librarians 
throughout  the  land. 

"COLLECT  and  keep  everything  printed  about 
your  own  town  and  county — books,  newspapers, 
pamphlets,  program,  notices  and  even  hand 
bills" — was  the  advice  given  to  the  students 
of  the  Summer  School  for  Librarians  at  Earl- 
ham  College  by  Professor  Harlow  Lindley  in 
a  lecture  on  "The  preservation  and  care  of 
local  historical  material."  Professor  Lindley 
pointed  out  that  Indiana  has  neglected  to  pre- 
serve local  historical  material  in  the  past,  and 
that  now  a  better  history  of  the  state  could  be 
written  at  Madison,  Wis.,  than  at  Indianapolis. 
But  if  the  people  of  the  state,  particularly  li- 
brarians, will  cooperate  with  the  new  depart- 
ment of  archives  and  history  of  the  state  li- 
brary, of  which  Professor  Lindley  is  the  head, 
abends  for  their  negligence  will  rapidly  be 
made,  he  said. 


*  Memorial  adopted  by  the  American  Library 
Association  at  its  annual  conference  at  Kaaterskill. 
June  25,  1913. 


Hmertcan  Xtbrarg  Hssociation 

35TH   ANNUAL    MEETING,    KAATERS- 
KILL, N.  Y.,  JUNE  23-28,  1913 

The  35th  annual  conference  of  the  Ameri- 
can Library  Association  met  at  the  Hotel 
Kaaterskill,  June  23.  Over  nine  hundred  were 
present  during  the  week,  one-third  of  whom 
were  claimed  by  New  York  state  and  nearly 
another  third  by  New  England.  The  South 
was  also  well  represented,  as  the  Catskill 
trip  offered  a  pleasing  change  of  climate. 
Mr.  L.  Stanley  Jast,  delegate  of  the  Library 
Association  of  Great  Britain,  was  a  welcome 
guest. 

The  program  began  with  the  president's 
address  on  Monday  evening,  and  in  the  next 
five  days  general  sessions,  each  in  the  morn- 
ing, and  about  twenty-five  special  sessions 
were  held.  The  conference,  including,  as  it 
did,  every  phase  of  library  activity,  offered  to 
each  librarian  an  opportunity  to  follow  up 
his  special  interest  or  to  get  in  touch  with  a 
new  field.  Almost  every  meeting  was  well 
attended,  even  when  four  or  five  were  in  ses- 
sion simultaneously,  or  when  momentous  af- 
fairs like  meals  or  trains  were  impending. 

FIRST  GENERAL  SESSION 

President  Legler  opened  the  first  general  ses- 
sion Monday  evening  with  the  presidential  ad- 
dress, "The  world  of  print,  and  the  world's 
work,"  which  is  included  in  this  number.  The 
address  gave  a  broad  outlook  on  the  world  of 
books  and  reading  which  has  grown  out  of  the 
invention  of  the  printing  press. 

President  Legler's  address  was  followed  with 
the  closest  attention,  and  awarded  cordial  and 
continuing  applause  at  its  conclusion. 

President  Legler's  happy  thought  of  a  sympo- 
sium by  letter,  in  which  men  and  women  prom- 
inent in  letters  or  in  affairs  should  give  their 
thought  of  the  work  of  libraries,  was  carried 
out  through  a  series  of  requests  on  a  general 
plan,  but  varying  somewhat  with  the  individual 
addressed,  which  resulted  in  the  second  feature 
of  the  session  occupying  the  rest  of  the  even- 
ing. The  responses  were  read  to  the  number 
of  a  score  or  more  by  several  librarians,  in- 
cluding Mr.  Roden  and  Miss  Ahern,  some  of 
them  proving  rather  perfunctory  pieces  of  writ- 
ing, while  others  had  a  vital  word  to  say. 
Among  the  novelists,  the  letter  of  Robert  Her- 
rick,  in  which  he  defended  at  length  his  treat- 
ment of  fiction,  was  perhaps  the  most  note- 
worthy, although  it  did  not  command  general 
assent.  Arnold  Bennett,  George  W.  Cable, 
Winston  Churchill,  Hamlin  Garland,  S.  Weil- 
Mitchell,  Thomas  Nelson  Page,  and  Booth' 
Tarkington  were  among  other  writers  of  fic- 
tion who  contributed.  Mr.  George  P.  Brett, 
the  head  of  the  Maomillan  Co.,  suggested  how 
the  libraries  might  best  promote  the  spread  of 


460 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


good  literature;  Prof.  J.  F.  Jameson,  of  the 
Carnegie  Institution,  Washington,  wrote  from 
the  point  of  view  of  the  historical  scholar,  and 
President  David  Starr  Jordan  gave  the  views 
of  a  college  president.  The  "golden  word," 
however,  was  voiced  in  Mr.  Carnegie's  letter 
as  follows,  sent  in  his  own  hand  writing  and 
printed  in  facsimile  elsewhere  in  this  issue. 

SECOND    SESSION 

The  second  general  session  opened  Tuesday 
morning,  President  Legler  presiding.  A  delay 
in  opening  was  due,  according  to  the  presid- 
ing officer,  to  the  difficulty  of  reconciling 
mountain  time  to  the  other  times  present, 
eastern,  middle  and  western.  The  first  ad- 
dress, "Present  conditions  and  tendencies  of 
library  work  in  Great  Britain,"  by  L.  Stanley 
Jast,  secretary  of  and  delegate  from  the  Library 
Association  of  Great  Britain,  had  been  trans- 
ferred to  this  session  from  the  evening  meet- 
ing of  Monday.  Mr.  Jast  was  received  in  cor- 
dial welcome  by  a  rising  vote  of  the  confer- 
ence, and  introduced  his  subject  with  some  ex- 
temporaneous remarks,  good  humored  and  tact- 
ful, which  much  pleased  his  audience.  His  ad- 
dress was  chiefly  upon  the  work  and  relation 
of  the  national  library  association  and  the 
other  organizations ;  and  he  said  that  the  year 
past  had  been  perhaps  the  most  important  in 
the  history  of  the  association,  in  that  new 
by-laws  had  reorganized  the  Council  and  as- 
sured a  larger  attendance  outside  of  London 
than  formerly.  He  referred  incidentally  to 
the  unfortunate  differences  hitherto  prev- 
alent between  provincial  and  London  li- 
braries, which  had  hindered  English  library 
progress.  That  the  cause  of  the  library 
has  had  a  hard  fight  for  recognition  was 
shown  by  utterances  of  prominent  public  men, 
especially  of  Burns,  the  labor  leader,  who 
spoke  of  the  country  as  "drenched  with  public 
libraries,"  disregarding  the  fact  that  he  owed 
his  own  education  largely  to  such  institutions. 
Mr.  Jast  brought  to  the  A.  L.  A.  a  cordial 
invitation  to  attend  the  L.  A.  meeting  at  Ox- 
ford in  1914.  The  second  speaker  was  Mary 
Antin  of  "The  promised  land"  fame.  Her 
plea  for  "The  immigrant  in  the  library"  con- 
tained an  impressive  arraignment  of  the  Amer- 
ican attitude  towards  the  "immigrant." 

"I  don't  know  at  what  moment  immigrants 
began  to  be  immigrants  and  ceased  to  be  pil- 
grims," said  she.  .  .  .  "Our  forefathers  didn't 
come  over  in  the  steerage  because  the  May- 
flower wasn't  made  that  way."  In  our  attitude 
towards  immigration  we  make  manifest  our 
true^  ideals,  therefore  let  librarians  witness  for 
the  immigrant,  to  his  patience,  his  love  of  the 
classics,  his  reverence  for  learning.  Mrs.  Ade- 
laide B.  Maltby,  branch  librarian  of  the  New 
York  Public  Library  system,  'spoke  of  "Immi- 
grants as  contributors  to  library  progress," 
supporting  Mary  Antin's  contention  that  mv 
migrants  are  good  readers  and  can  make  val- 
uable suggestions  to  the  librarian.  "The  man 


in  the  yards,"  by  Charles  E.  Rush,  librarian  of 
the  Free  Public  Library,  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  em- 
phasized the  library's  duty  towards  the  "men 
who  carry  dinner  pails,"  that  the  library  can 
and  should  help  them  to  fuller  living.  The 
problem  of  the  negro  in  the  library  was  dis- 
cussed by  William  F.  Yust,  formerly  of  the 
Louisville  Library,  in  a  paper  entitled  "What 
of  the  colored  races?"  Mr.  Yust  considered 
separate  libraries  for  colored  citizens  the  only 
practicable  solution. 

Reports  of  officers  and  committees  in  print 
or  in  summary  of  which  texts  or  condensations 
are  given  elsewhere  in  this  issue  concluded  the 


session. 


THIRD    GENERAL    SESSION 


"Library  influence  in  the  home,  in  the  shop, 
on  the  farm,  and  among  defectives  and  de- 
pendents'^ was  the  theme  of  the  third  gen- 
eral session,  Wednesday  morning.  Sarah 
Louise  Arnold,  of  Simmons  College,  who  was 
to  have  spoken  on  "Special  reference  collec- 
tions for  housekeepers,"  was  detained  in  Bos- 
ton by  an  imperative  meeting  of  the  college 
corporation.  Mr.  Edward  F.  Stevens'  paper, 
"The  working  library  for  the  artisan  and  the 
craftsman,"  discussed  the  human  relationship 
of  the  librarian  and  the  working  man,  "the 
further  education  of  men  already  employed." 
The  library  must  have  and  inspire  confidence 
in  the  workingman.  The  books  furnished 
such  men  must  be  as  "true,  accurate,  precise, 
simple,  efficient,  economical,  reliable"  as  his 
tools  are.  "Care  in  selection  is  of  supreme 
importance  in  fitting  up  a  toolshop  of  books," 
and,  next  to  this,  wisdom  in  the  application 
of  books,  fitting  the  tool  to  the  man.  Con- 
vince men  that  the  library  is  a  utility  by 
making  it  a  utility.  "The  woman  on  the 
farm,"  Miss  Stearns's  earnest  appeal  for  the 
country  woman,  is  printed  in  full  in  this 
number.  The  last  paper,  by  Julia  A.  Robin- 
son, librarian  of  the  state  institutions  of  Iowa, 
took  up  in  some  detail  the  progress  made  by 
various  states  in  establishing  libraries  for 
"Defectives  and  dependents,  helping  those  who 
cannot  help  themselves." 

A  special  committee  on  the  deaths  of  Dr. 
Billings  and  Charles  C.  Soule,  consisting  of 
Herbert  Putnam,  R.  R.  Bowker,  and  H.  G. 
Wellman,  made  its  report,  Dr.  Putnam  reading 
his  remarkable  tribute  to  Dr.  Billings  and  Mr. 
Wellman  his  to  Mr.  Soule,  both  of  which  are 
reprinted  elsewhere  in  this  issue. 

This  was  made  a  special  order  for  the  be- 
ginning of  the  meeting,  preceding  the  regular 
program,  and  was  followed  by  the  adoption  of 
the  constitutional  amendment  and  by-law  pro- 
viding for  the  representation  on  the  A.  L.  A. 
Council  of  the  state  associations  in  the  relation 
with  the  national  body  through  the  president 
or  an  accredited  alternate. 

The  text  of  the  amendment  was: 
Voted,  that  Sec.   14  of  the  Constitution  be 
amended    by    inserting    the    following    clause 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


461 


after  the  words  "and  twenty-five  by  the  Coun- 
cil itself;" 

"and  one  member  from  each  state,  provincial  and 
territorial  library  association  (or  any  association  cov- 
ering two  or  more  such  geographical  divisions)  which 
complies  with  the  conditions  for  such  representation 
set  forth  in  the  by-laws." 

The  text  of  the  by-law  was : 

"Sec.  33.  Each  state,  territorial  and  provincial 
library  association  (or  any  association  covering  two 
or  more  such  geographical  divisions)  having  a  member- 
ship of  not  less  than  fifteen  members,  may  be  repre- 
sented in  the  Council  by  the  president  of  such  asso- 
ciation, or  by  an  alternate  elected  at  the  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  association.  The  annual  dues  shall  be  $5 
for  each  association  having  a  membership  of  fifty 
or  less,  and  ten  cents  per  additional  capita  where 
membership  is  above  that  number.  The  privileges 
and  advantages  of  the  A.  L.  A.  conferences  shall  be 
available  only  to  those  holding  personal  membership 
or  representing  institutional  membership  in  the  Asso- 
ciation." 

FOURTH    GENERAL    SESSION 

The  fourth  session,  Thursday  morning,  heard 
Dr.  Bostwick's  report  from  the  committee  on 
cost  of  administration.  The  first  paper  on  the 
topic  of  the  morning,  "Children  and  young 
people,"  was  given  by  Miss  Faith  E.  Smith, 
of  Chicago.  In  discussing  "Changing  condi- 
tions of  child  life"  Miss  Smith  declared  that 
the  city  child  has  no  place  provided  for  him. 
The  apartment  house  is  not  constructed  with 
the  intention  of  encouraging  large  families. 
She  told  of  one  little  girl  who  actually  owned 
books  and  who  had  solved  the  ever-present 
problem  of  the  flat-dweller  by  storing  them 
in  a  trunk  under  her  bed.  Miss  Gertrude  E. 
Andrus,  of  Seattle,  described  "How  the  library 
is  meeting  these  conditions."  The  methods 
advocated  included  the  very  up-to-date  attrac- 
tion of  the  "movies,"  clubs  of  various  sorts, 
story  hours,  etc.  "Normal  schools  and  their 
relation  to  librarianship,"  Mr.  Willis  H.  Kerr's 
instructive  paper,  told  of  the  efforts  the  normal 
schools  are  making  to  bring  their  students  into 
practical  contact  with  library  work,  enabling 
them  to  manage  their  school  libraries  and  in- 
troduce pupils  to  the  public  library.  Miss  Mary 
E.  Hall,  of  the  Girls'  High  School,  Brooklyn, 
spoke  on  "The  enlarging  scope  of  library  work 
in  high  ^  schools."  She  thought  that  principals 
often  did  not  emphasize  the  high  school  libra- 
ries because  they  themselves  had  not  used  col- 
lege libraries  as  tools.  Schools  are  now  com- 
ing nearer  their  pupils,  including  the  working 
class,  the  class  which  doesn't  go  beyond  high 
school.  High  school  libraries  are  broadening 
from  mere  reference  collections  to  include 
books  supplementing  the  curriculum,  museum 
material,  bulletin  boards,  art  departments,  and 
many  quite  outside  interests.  Outside  all  of 
these,  there  is  opening  to-day  the  opportunity 
for  vocational  guidance. 

Thursday  afternoon  was  the  "free"  half  day, 
always  enjoyable,  and  the  members  of  the  con- 
ference used  it  in  excursions,  chiefly  pedes- 
trian, in  diverse  directions,  whence  they  might 
enjoy  such  views  as  the  mists  permitted  as 
well  as  the  lovely  laurel  and  other  delectations 
nearer  by. 


FIFTH   SESSION 


The  discussion,  at  the  fifth  session,  held  in 
conjunction  with  the  Special  Libraries  Associa- 
tion, of  "The  library's  service  to  business  and 
legislation"  emphasized  an  increasingly  signifi- 
cant aspect  of  library  development.  In  his  paper 
on  the  "Present  status  of  the  legislative  refer- 
ence movement,"  Mr.  C.  B.  Lester,  of  the  New 
York    State    Library,    assigned    to    legislative 
collections    an    informational    rather    than    an 
educational   scope.     Within   such  range  come 
research,    bill-drafting,    indexing    of    session 
laws  and  amendments  and,  above  all,  the  draw- 
ing   off    from    the    general    collection    of    all 
works  of  special  interest.     Mr.  D.  C.  Brown, 
of  the  Indiana  State  Library,  described  "State 
wide  forces  in  the  state  library."     Party  pol- 
itics have  no  place  in  the  state  library.     The 
librarian  should  be  a  scholar,  able  to  repre- 
sent the  state  and  to  exert  a  broadening  in- 
fluence through  his  office.     The  library  should 
be  the  bibliographical  center,  should  teach  the 
preservation  of  state  history,  collect  state  doc- 
uments and  files  of  learned  periodicals  and  of 
newspapers.    M.  S.  Dudgeon,  of  the  Wisconsin 
Free  Library  Commission  pointed  out  the  value 
of  the  librarian's  service  in  bill-drafting — "The 
law  that  stands  the  test."     Legislators,  well- 
meaning  but  untrained,  pass  multitudes  of  laws 
which  go  on  the  statute  books  only  to  be  ruled 
out  by  the  courts  as  unconstitutional.     It   is 
possible,  with  the  proper  information  at  hand, 
to  frame  laws  which  violate  no  constitutional 
provision  and  satisfy  economic  conditions  and 
social   and   racial   needs.     As    President    Mc- 
Aneny,  Borough  of  Manhattan,  who  was  sched- 
uled as  first  speaker,  was  reported  as  still  on 
his   way  up   the  mountain,  the  meeting  then 
turned  to  the  business  value  of  library  service. 
"Making   a    library    useful    to   business    men" 
consisted  largely,  according  to  Mr.  Ranck,  of 
Grand   Rapids,    in    serving    employees.      Only 
50  per  cent,  of  the  employers  use  the  library 
directly,  but  all  can  be  reached  through  their 
men.     There  should  be  more  attention  given 
to   the   "art   of   library   salesmanship" — giving 
the  business  man  the  thing  he  really  needs. 

Miss  Louise  B.  Krause,  of  H.  M.  Byllesby 
&  Company's  most  successful  library,  spoke, 
with  authority  on  the  expanding  function  of 
"Libraries  in  business  organizations."  Busi- 
ness libraries  are  constantly  developing  from 
places  where  people  ask  for  books  they  want 
to  places  that  have  information  ready  before 
people  ask  for  it.  The  business  library  not 
only  furnishes  information  ion  the  factory 
itself,  but  covers  the  business  man's  outside 
interests,  becoming  a  central  bureau  of  in- 
formation, for,  after  all,  it  has  the  same  ideal 
as  the  public  library — the  largest  use  of  books 
in  the  service  of  mankind. 

After  discussion  by  Miss  Ahern  and  others, 
and  Mr.  Bowker's  resume  of  the  trials  and 
tribulations  of  the  conference,  and  his  brief 
retrospect  of  Mr.  McAneny's  services  to  the 
community,  Mr.  McAneny  arrived  to  give 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


463 


his  address  on  "The  municipal  reference  li- 
brary as  an  aid  in  city  administration." 
More  cooperation  between  librarian  and  city 
officials  is  necessary  if  the  library  appro- 
priation is  to  be  made  adequate.  The  library 
budget  should  be  clearly  itemized  in  order  to 
convince  officials  of  its  importance.  The  mu- 
nicipal reference  library  ought  to  supply  the 
answers  to  to-day's  questions,  not  yesterday's 
nor  next  year's.  If  one  city  has  tried  a  cer- 
tain device  and  found  it  impractical  or  dan- 
gerous, the  municipal  reference  library  should 
have  record  of  the  experiment  and  prevent 
officials  from  going  over  the  same  ground. 

Immediately  after  this  address  the  session 
adjourned,  and  Mr.  McAneny  and  others  were 
pleasantly  entertained  by  President  Legler  un- 
til the  guest  of  honor  made  hurried  departure 
for  Albany,  where  he  was  to  make  his  next 
address  the  same  evening. 

SIXTH   GENERAL    SESSION 

The  sixth  session  opened  Saturday  morning 
with  a  somewhat  depleted  baggage-ridden  au- 
dience which  was  none  the  less  enthusiastic 
over  the  two  entertaining  papers  of  the  morn- 
ing. Miss  Genevieve  M.  Walton,  of  the  Mich- 
igan State  Normal  School,  in  her  paper  on 
"The  friendly  book,"  advised  librarians  to  make 
friends  with  books  and  authors  and  to  resur- 
rect the  souls  that  inhabit  the  volumes  on  the 
shelves.  She  read  several  charming  quotations 
from  English  men  of  letters  who  found  in 
books  their  best,  most  constant  friends.  Ed- 
mund L.  Pearson,  of  the  Boston  Transcript, 
spoke  in  satirical  vein  on  "How  to  discourage 
reading."  He  described  the  motives  of  his  two 
friends  who  bought  the  five-foot  shelf  of  books, 
one  of  whom  had  intentions  of  reading  them, 
or  it,  and  the  other,  naively,  bought  the  lot  "to 
help  out  President  Eliot."  Mr.  Pearson  feels 
that  such  sets  and  collections  of  great  books 
discourage  reading.  It  is  benumbing  to  take 
into  one's  home  "six  yards  of  solid  culture." 
The  second  prize  for  discouraging  reading  goes 
to  "complete  works,"  while  such  drugs  as  over 
emphasis  of  the  classics,  scholarly  editions,  and 
bad  book  notices  aid  in  the  process. 

The  final  feature  of  the  conference  program 
was  a  book  symposium  in  which  though  the 
audience  was  waning  the  interest  was  not. 
The  list  of  books  selected  for  discussion  in- 
cluded Hine's  "Modern  organization,"  dis- 
cussed by  Paul  Blackwelder;  Crispi's  "Me- 
moirs," discussed  by  Bernard  C.  Steiner ;  Gold- 
mark's  "Fatigue  and  efficiency,"  by  Katherine 
T.  Wootten ;  Tarbell's  "The  business  of  being 
a  woman,"  by  Pearl  I.  Field;  Antin's  "The 
promised  land,"  by  Althea  H.  Warren; 
Brieux's  "La  femme  seule,"  by  Corinne  Bacon ; 
"The  great  analysis,"  by  Josephine  A.  Rath- 
bone ;  and  Weyl's  "The  new  democracy,"  by 
Frank  K.  Walter. 

The  conference  came  to  an  end  with  the  un- 
finished business,  including  reports  from  the 
Executive  Board,  and  the  Council,  and  ap- 


proval of  their  action;  the  resolutions  from 
the  committee  appointed  to  give  thanks,  and 
the  report  of  the  tellers.  This  announced  the 
uncontested  election  of  the  following  officers: 

President:  Edwin  H.  Anderson,  New  York 
Public  Library. 

First  V ice-President:  Hiller  C.  Wellman, 
City  Library,  Springfield,  Mass. 

Second  Vice-P  resident:  Gratia  A.  Country- 
man, Minneapolis  Public  Library. 

Executive  Board:  Herbert  Putnam,  librarian 
of  Congress;  Harrison  W.  Craver,  Carnegie 
Library  of  Pittsburgh. 

Members  of  Council  (for  five  years)  :  Mary 
Eileen  Ahern,  editor  Public  Libraries,  Chi- 
cago; Cornelia  Marvin,  secretary  Oregon  Li- 
brary Commission;  Alice  S.  Tyler,  secretary 
Iowa  Library  Commission ;  R.  R.  Bowker,  edi- 
tor LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  New  York;  A.  L.  Bailey, 
Wilmington  Institute  Free  Library. 

Trustee  of  Endowment  Fund  (for  three 
years)  :  E.  W.  Sheldon,  president  United  States 
Trust  Co.,  New  York. 

REPORT   OF   THE    SECRETARY 

The  third  report  of  the  present  secretary 
and  the  fourth  since  the  establishment  of  a 
headquarters  office  is  here  submitted  to  the 
association.  The  material  conditions  of  head- 
quarters are  practically  identical  with  those 
reported  a  year  ago ;  we  are  still  the  recipients 
of  the  generosity  of  the  board  of  directors  of 
the  Chicago  Public  Library,  the  large  room 
furnished  free  by  them  being  more  and  more 
appreciated  as  we  compare  our  commodious 
quarters  with  those  greatly  inferior  where  a 
rent  is  charged  which  would  be  prohibitive  to 
the  funds  of  the  A.  L.  A.  For  the  continued 
courtesy  and  unfailing  kindness  of  the  libra- 
rian of  the  Chicago  Public  Library  and  his 
able  staff  I  cannot  find  adequate  words.  It  is 
unquestionably  a  decided  advantage  for  the 
executive  office  of  the  A.  L.  A.  to  be  in  close 
proximity  to  a  large  reference  collection  and 
to  a  competent  corps  of  library  experts.  In 
these  respects  we  are  fortunate  not  only  in 
the  Chicago  Public  Library,  but  also  in  the 
John  Crerar  and  Newberry  libraries,  which  so 
admirably  supplement  each  other  in  forming 
reference  facilities  of  a  high  order. 

The  routine  work'  of  the  year  has  much  of 
it  so  closely  resembled  in  kind  that  of  last 
year  that  the  secretary  feels  it  unnecessary 
to  rehearse  it  again  in  detail,  but  respectfully 
refers  inquiry  on  this  point  to  his  report  at 
the  Ottawa  conference.  In  quantity  it  is  rap- 
idly increasing;  there  are  more  letters  to 
write ;  there  is  more  proof  to  read ;  more  per- 
sonal calls  from  librarians  and  others  as  the 
establishment  of  the  office  becomes  known ; 
there  are  more  arrangements  to  be  made  for 
the  many-sided  interests  of  the  Association. 
The  Publishing  Board's  work  is  likewise  in- 
creasing, and  with  the  removal  of  the  Booklist 
office  from  Madison  to  Chicago  headquarters, 
which  will  be  made  in  the  near  future,  addi- 


464 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


tional  duties  will  devolve  on  the  general  office, 
even  though  that  periodical  has  its  own  special 
staff.  These  things,  however,  are  as  we  de- 
sire they  should  be,  and  we  are  pleased  to 
see  indications  that  the  funds  of  the  Associa- 
tion are  going  to  permit  the  enlargement  of 
the  work  as  this  is  found  advisable. 

The  office  as  an  information  bureau: — 
In  no  way  is  this  growth  quite  so  notice- 
able as  in  the  increased  correspondence 
through  which  the  executive  office  is  used  as 
an  information  bureau  on  library  economy. 
For  a  time  after  the  establishment  of  the 
office  this  correspondence  was  naturally  al- 
most entirely  with  librarians.  The  letters  of 
the  past  year,  however,  have  shown  that  our 
existence  is  becoming  known  to  others.  We 
are  being  told  the  problems  of  the  library 
committees  of  women's  clubs ;  of  manufac- 
turers who  wish  to  get  their  workmen  in- 
terested in  a  business  library;  of  business  men 
who  are  thinking  of  establishing  such  a  li- 
brary; of  young  men  and  women  who  are 
considering  librarianship  as  a  vocation  and 
do  not  know  the  proper  steps  to  take  to  get 
the  necessary  training  and  experience ;  and  of 
publishers  and  of  booksellers  who  are  refer- 
ring various  matters  to  our  office.  These 
things  in  addition  to  the  steady  daily  stream 
of  correspondence  with  librarians  in  every 
state  of  the  union.  Last  year  we  recorded 
that  our  actual  correspondence  averaged  67 
letters  a  day  for  a  period  covering  several 
months.  It  has  been  considerably  greater  the 
past  year.  This  includes,  of  course,  all  corre- 
spondence relative  to  publications,  member- 
ship matters,  and  business  routine.  Several 
months  ago  the  secretary  printed  10,000  little 
leaflets  mentioning  some  of  the  ways  in  which 
the  A.  L.  A.  can  assist  in  library  informa- 
tional lines.  About  half  of  these  have  been 
distributed,  mainly  in  channels  outside  of  reg- 
ular library  work  and  among  those  who  per- 
haps had  not  previously  learned  of  head- 
quarters and  of  our  publications. 

Membership. — Last  year  it  was  the  privi- 
lege of  the  secretary  to  report  that  the  mem- 
bership was  larger  than  ever  before  in  the 
history  of  the  Association.  We  are  now  glad 
to  be  able  to  say  that  there  is  a  substantial 
increase  in  membership  over  last  year.  In 
January,  the  secretary  mailed  with  the  annual 
membership  bills  an  appeal  to  members  to  help 
again  this  year  as  they  did  last  in  securing 
new  members.  This  appeal  has  been  very  ef- 
fectual; many  have  been  instrumental  in  se- 
curing one  or  more  new  members,  and  the 
secretary  desires  here  to  thank  all  those  who 
have  so  kindly  assisted  in  this  campaign. 
During  the  late  winter  and  early  spring  many 
personal  letters  were  written  to  librarians  and 
library  boards  asking  them  to  have  their  libra- 
ries become  institutional  members  of  the  A. 
L.  A.,  and  many  have  responded  favorably. 
Several  hundred  personal  letters  were  also  ad- 
dressed to  those  who  had  recently,  according 
to  the  news  columns  in  the  library  periodicals, 


changed  their  positions,   presumably   for   the 
better  financially. 

When  the  last  handbook  was  printed,  in 
October,  1912,  there  were  2365  members  of 
the  A.  L.  A.  Since  then  to  June  i,  1913,  192 
new  individual  members  and  40  new  insti- 
tutional members  have  joined,  a  total  of 
232.  On  the  other  hand,  the  Association 
has  lost  ii  members  by  death,  35  have  re- 
signed, and  judging  by  the  experience  of  pre- 
vious years  about  160  members  will  probably 
fail  this  year  to  renew  their  membership  and 
will  consequently  be  dropped  from  the  rolls. 
It  is  likely  that  enough  new  members  will 
join  at  the  Kaaterskill  conference  to  offset  in 
numbers  those  whose  membership  lapses  and 
that  the  net  membership  in  the  1913  handbook 
will  probably  be  about  2550,  or  a  gain  of 
about  185  over  1912. 

The  income  from  membership  dues  is  in 
consequence  steadily  increasing.  For  the  cal- 
endar year  1911  the  total  amount  from  this 
source  was  $5325.46  (including  exchange  on 
checks)  ;  in  1912,  $6236.18 ;  and  for  1913  we 
hope  the  total  amount  will  not  be  far  short 
of  $7000. 

Publicity. — The  usual  methods  to  secure  as 
much  publicity  as  possible  have  been  followed. 
The  library  periodicals  have,  of  course,  been 
kept  informed  of  what  the  office  was  doing 
that  would  interest  the  library  public.  We 
have  sent  news  notes  from  time  to  time  to 
the  Dial,  Nation,  New  York  Times  Review 
of  Books,  Bookman,  Education  Review,  Amer- 
ican City,  and  other  magazines,  and  to  about 
180  of  the  prominent  newspapers  of  the  coun- 
try. Several  articles  regarding  the  confer- 
ence were  given  to  the  Associated  Press,  and 
to  news  syndicates.  Before  the  Ottawa  Con- 
ference, the  Associated  Press  sent  to  all  their 
subscribers  a  multigraphed  portion  of  the 
president's  address.  The  Association  needs 
more  money  for  this  publicity  work,  and  more 
time  should  be  spent  on  it  than  the  secretary 
has  been  able  to  spend.  Its  results  at  present 
are  far  from  satisfactory  and  we  hope  that 
with  growth  of  income  a  more  systematic 
publicity  department  can  be  organized,  per- 
haps modelled  somewhat  after  the  excellent 
methods  employed  by  Prof.  J.  W.  Searson, 
who  conducts  the  publicity  work  of  the  Na- 
tional Education  Association. 

Registration  for  library  positions.— The  ex- 
ecutive office  has  from  its  inception  been 
something  of  a  free  employment  bureau  for 
librarians  and  library  assistants,  who  for 
proper  and  sufficient  reasons  desire  to  change 
their  positions.  This  year  the  work  has  been 
somewhat  more  systematized  by  the  use  of  a 
printed  registration  blank,  which  is  sent  on 
request  to  any  member  of  the  Association. 
The  questions  asked  on  this  blank  are  as 
follows. 

Date    of   this   registration. 

Name  in  full. 

Address    (permanent). 

Address    (temporary,   or  until    ). 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


465 


State  fully  all  schools  (above  grammar  grade)  and 
colleges  or  universities  you  have  attended,  with  period 
of  attendance  at  each. 

Degrees,    when    and    where    obtained. 

Have  you  traveled  abroad?  When?  Where?  How 
long? 

Languages  you   read  easily. 

Languages  you  read  with  assistance  of  a  dictionary. 

Library  training  and  experience. 

Positions  held,  with  approximate  dates;  and  salary 
received. 

Nature   of   appointment  desired. 

Salary  expected. 

Part   of   country  preferred. 

Physical    condition. 

References. 

Forty-two  librarians  have  thus  far  regis- 
tered on  these  blanks,  and  five  or  six  of  these 
have  been  helped  to  new  positions.  The  sec- 
retary has  helped  in  the  filling  of  some  fifteen 
library  positions  aside  from  those  using  the 
registration  blank. 

If,  however,  the  service  to  those  seeking 
positions,  and  to  those  seeking  capable  libra- 
rians and  assistants  is  to  be  as  important  and 
far-reaching  as  we  wish  to  make  it,  the  office 
must  have  knowledge  of  vacancies  as  well  as 
of  persons  wanting  positions.  Library  boards 
and  librarians  are  cordially  invited  to  corre- 
spond with  the  secretary  when  in  need  of 
library  workers. 

Library  plans. — During  the  year  a  number 
of  valuable  additions  have  been  made  to  our 
collection  of  architects'  plans  of  library  build- 
ings. We  want  more,  particularly  good  plans 
of  buildings  costing  from  $25;ooo  to  $75,000, 
as  these  are  most  in  demand.  Will  librarians 
and  boards  who  have  recently  acquired  new 
buildings  bear  our  needs  in  mind?  These 
plans  have  from  the  beginning  proved  useful, 
and  if  a  fair  number  of  the  latest  type  of 
plans  could  be  added  the  collection  would  be 
increasingly  useful  and  used. 

Library  pension  systems. — During  the  year 
the  secretary  has  been  making  efforts  to  col- 
lect information  about  pension  systems  in 
operation  in  libraries  or  plans  being  made  for 
pensions.  No  great  progress  has  been  made, 
due  perhaps  to  the  fact  that  not  many  libra- 
ries are  as  yet  contemplating  a  pension  sys- 
tem. The  secretary  will  be  glad  to  receive 
information  from  any  librarian  or  board  who 
has  not  yet  written  him  on  this  subject. 

Necrology. — The  Association  has  lost  by 
death  eleven  members  since  the  conference  of 
a  year  ago.  The  list  includes  an  ex-president 
of  the  A.  L.  A.,  and  one  of  the  most  prom- 
inent librarians  of  the  country ;  a  business 
man  who  had  for  years  taken  a  deep  interest 
in  library  progress ;  an  eminent  churchman 
who  has  for  many  years  maintained  his  con- 
nection with  the  national  association ;  the  li- 
brarian of  a  large  university;  the  librarian  of 
a  well-known  public  library;  and  several 
others  who  at  their  several  posts  have  faith- 
fuly  performed  their  duties  and  rendered 
their  contributions  to  the  work  in  which  they 
'were  engaged. 

GEORGE  B.  UTLEY,  Secretary. 


REPORT   OF   THE  TRUSTEES   OF  THE   CARNEGIE   AND 
ENDOWMENT   FUNDS 

There  has  been  no  change  in  the  invest- 
ments, and  all  interest  has  been  promptly  paid. 
The  trustees  are  pleased  to  call  attention  to 
the  credit  to  the  General  Endowment  Fund 
of  nine  life  memberships,  and  would  recom- 
mend that  more  of  such  memberships  be 
taken,  as  they  are  about  the  only  source  of 
addition  to  that  fund. 

Respectully  submitted, 

W.  W.  APPLETON, 
W.  C.  KIMBALL, 
W.  T.  PORTER, 

Trustees  Endowment  Fund  A.  L.  A., 
May  i,  1913. 

REPORT  OF  THE  TREASURER,  JAN.    I-MAY  31,    1913 
Receipts 

Balance,  Union  Trust  Company, 

Chicago,  Jan.  i,  1913 $3,395-29 

G.  B.  Utley,  Secretary,  Headquar- 
ters collections 4>555-4i 

Trustees  Endowment  Fund,  inter- 
est   350.00 

Trustees  Carnegie  Fund,  interest. .  2,509.90 

A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Board,  install- 
ment on  Hdqrs.  expense 1,000.00 

Estate    of    J.    L.    Whitney 104.34 

Interest,  January-May,   1913 28.92  $11,943.86 

Expenditures 

Checks    No.    40-44    (Vouchers    No. 

615,690,  incl.) $3,379-74 

Distributed   as   follows: 

Bulletin $    246.06 

Conference 20.70 

Committees    23.50 

Headquarters: 

Salaries    2,125.00 

Additional  services 213.30 

Supplies    I77-9I 

Miscellaneous 155-45 

Postage    78.48 

Travel    85.00 

Trustees          Endowment 

Fund   (Life  Mem.).,.      150.00 
C.     B.     Roden,     Treas. 

(J.  L.  Whitney  Fund)       104.34 

A.     L.     A.     Publishing     Board, 
Carnegie    Fund   interest 2,509.90       5,889.64 

Balance    Union    Trust   Co....  $6,054.22 

G.     B.     Utley,     balance,     Na- 
tional  Bank   of   Republic...  250.00 

$6,304.22 

C.  B.  RODEN,  Treasurer. 

EXECUTIVE  BOARD 

A  meeting  of  the  Executive  Board  on  the 
afternoon  of  June  23  was  called  to  order  by 
President  Legler.  Other  members  present 
were  Miss  Eastman.  Messrs.  Anderson,  An- 
drews, Putnam  and  Wellman. 

Several  matters  of  routine  business  were 
transacted,  including  the  reception  and  adop- 
tion of  the  report  of  the  committee  on  nomi- 
nations. 

Upon  motion  of  Mr.  Anderson,  seconded  by 
Dr.  Putnam,  Mrs.  H.  L.  Elmendorf  was  elected 


466 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


member  of  the  Publishing  Board  to  succeed 
herself  for  a  term  of  three  years. 

In  behalf  of  the  committee  on  international 
relations,  Dr.  Putnam  reported  that  with  such 
information  as  it  had  been  able  to  gather  the 
committee  felt  unable  to  make  any  affirmative 
recommendation  as  to  participation  by  the 
American  Library  Association  in  the  proposed 
Exposition  of  the  Book  and  Graphic  Arts  at 
Leipzig  in  1914. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  on  the  evening 
of  June  28  President  Anderson,  Miss  Eastman, 
Messrs.  Andrews,  Wellman  and  Graver  being 
present,  Mr.  Wellman  presented  his  resigna- 
tion as  non-official  member  in  view  of  his  elec- 
tion to  the  office  of  first  vice-president,  which, 
upon  motion  of  Dr.  Andrews,  was  accepted. 

Upon  motion  of  Mr.  Graver,  it  was  unan- 
imously voted  that  Mr.  W.  N.  C.  Carlton  be 
elected  to  the  Executive  Board  to  fill  the  un- 
expired  term  of  Mr.  Wellman.  Mr.  Carlton 
was  called  to  the  meeting  and  took  his  place 
as  a  member  of  the  Board. 

A  meeting  place  for  1914  was  next  consid- 
ered. Miss  Edith  A.  Phelps,  librarian  of  the 
Carnegie  Library  of  Oklahoma  City,  appeared 
before  the  Board  and  invited  the  Association 
to  meet  in  Oklahoma  City,  her  invitation  being 
seconded  by  the  Oklahoma  Library  Association 
and  other  organizations  of  the  state.  Invita- 
tions were  received  also  by  letter  from  the 
Convention  Bureaus  of  New  Orleans,  Nash- 
ville, Wilmington,  Del.,  and  Milwaukee.  After 
informal  discussion  it  was  voted  that  the  sec- 
retary be  instructed  to  investigate  facilities  for 
holding  the  conference  at  Madison,  Wis.,  and 
if,  in  the  opinion  of  the  president  and  secre- 
tary, conditions  at  Madison  are  not  favorable 
for  a  meeting,  that  Mackinac  and  Ottawa 
Beach  be  investigated  in  the  order  here  named. 

Invitations  from  the  authorities  of  the  Pan- 
ama-Pacific Exposition,  to  hold  the  conference 
at  San  Francisco  in  1915  were  read,  and  from 
the  California  Library  Association  to  the  same 
effect,  Mr.  Everitt  R.  Perry,  of  Los  Angeles, 
bearing  the  invitation  from  the  latter  associa- 
tion. Invitations  were  also  received  from  the 
library  authorities  of  Seattle,  seconded  by  the 
business  organizations  of  the  city  and  by  the 
convention  bureaus  of  other  cities  of  the  Pa- 
cific Northwest.  It  was  voted  to  refer  this  in- 
formation to  the  next  Executive  Board. 

Upon  motion  of  Dr.  Andrews,  it  was  voted 
that  members  .joining  the  Association  after  the 
annual  conference  shall  only  be  required  to 
pay  one-half  year's  dues,  together  with  the 
usual  initiation  fee  of  $i. 

Consideration  of  the  question  of  issuing  the 
annual  handbook  in  biographical  section  form 
was  postponed  until  the  next  meeting  of  the 
Executive  Board. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Dr.  Frank  P.  Hill, 
suggesting  that  a  special  committee  be  ap- 
pointed to  consider  the  matter  of  participating 
in  the  proposed  Leipzig  Exposition  and  to  as- 
certain the  cost  of  such  participation  as  well 


as  the  possibility  of  securing  a  creditable  ex- 
hibit from  American  libraries.  It  was  voted 
that  a  special  committee  of  three  on  this  sub- 
ject be  appointed  by  the  president,  which  com- 
mittee shall  make  the  report  to  the  committee 
on  international  relations.  .  The  president  ap- 
pointed as  this  committee  Dr.  Frank  P.  Hill, 
chairman,  with  power  to  name  the  other  two 
members. 

AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION   COUNCIL 

The  meeting  of  the  American  Library  Asso- 
ciation Council  on  the  evening  of  June  24  was 
called  to  order  by  President  Legler  with  45 
members  present. 

The  chair  announced  the  death  since  the 
last  meeting  of  the  Council  of  Dr.  John  Shaw 
Billings  and  Mr.  Charles  Carroll  Soule,  and 
by  a  unanimous  vote  of  the  Council  the  chair 
appointed  Dr.  Herbert  Putnam,  Mr.  R.  R. 
Bowker  and  Mr.  H.  C.  Wellman  a  committee 
to  draft  resolutions  to  be  presented  to  the 
Association  at  large. 

Dr.  Bostwick  as  chairman  presented  the  fol- 
lowing report : 

The  chairman  called  attention  to  the  vote  of 
the  Council  which  was  passed  at  the  Asheville 
meeting  in  1907,  providing  that  privilege  be 
given  to  members  of  the  Council  to  reserve 
hotel  rooms  at  the  annual  conference  in  ad- 
vance of  the  membership  at  large,  and  stated 
that  a  number  of  members  of  the  Association 
considered  this  action  as  undemocratic  and  as 
undesirable  for  the  Council  to  continue.  Upon 
the  motion  of  Mr.  Thomson  it  was  unan- 
imously voted  that  this  ruling  be  rescinded. 

The  following  persons  were  appointed  by 
the  chair  as  a  committee  on  nominations  to 
nominate  five  members  for  the  Council,  to  be 
elected  by  the  Council  for  a  term  of  five  years 
each :  Mr.  H.  G.  Wadlin,  Miss  Josephine  A. 
Rathbone,  Mr.  M.  S.  Dudgeon,  Miss  Edith 
Tobitt,  Mr.  W.  O.  Carson. 

At  the  second  meeting  of  the  Council,  held 
on  the  evening  of  June  26,  the  nominating 
committee  presented  the  names  of  Willis  H. 
Kerr,  Mary  W.  Plummer,  Mary  E.  Robbins, 
John  Thomson  and  Samuel  H.  Ranck  for  mem- 
bers of  the  Council  for  a  term  of  five  years 
each.  They  were  unanimously  elected. 

The  remainder  of  the  session  (which  was 
practically  a  session  of  the  Association,  filling 
the  large  ball-room,  members  generally  having 
been  invited)  was  devoted  to  a  discussion  of 
the  question  "The  cost  of  fiction,"  discussion 
being  led  by  Mr.  Horace  G.  Wadlin  and  Dr. 
Arthur  E.  Bostwick. 

A  third  meeting  of  the  Council  was  held  on 
the  afternoon  of  June  28,  the  meeting  being 
called  to  order  by  President  Anderson. 

It  was  voted  that  a  committee  consisting  of 
Eliza  G.  Browning-,  Electra  C.  Doren  and  J.  I. 
Wyer,  Jr.,  be  appointed  to  draft  expression?  of 
sympathy  for  the  libraries  in  Dayton,  Ohio, 
and  other  towns  in  Ohio  and  Indiana  at  the 
severe  loss  sustained  by  them  in  the  recent 


August,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


467 


floods  which  devastated  those  states,  and  that 
the  report  of  this  committee  be  incorporated  in 
the  minutes  of  this  meeting. 

The  following  communication  was  received 
from  the  Governments  Documents  round  table, 
was  read  and  the  resolution  enclosed  adopted 
unanimously : 

"The  following  resolutions  were  passed  unan- 
imously at  the  adjourned  meeting  of  the  Doc- 
uments round  table  Friday,  12.15  P-m.,  when 
the  special  committee  on  resolutions,  consisting 
of  Miss  K  E.  Qarke,  of  Syracuse  University; 
Mr.  H,  J.  Carr,  of  Scranton,  and  Mr.  H.  O. 
Brigham,  of  Rhode  Island,  appointed  at  the 
regular  meeting  on  Thursday,  reported  as  fol- 
lows : 

Whereas,  The  American  Library  Association  desires 
to  express  the  appreciation  of  its  members  respecting 
the  efficient  work  that  hus  been  and  is  being  done  for 
libraries  by  the  office  of  the  Superintendent  of  Docu- 
ments, nevertheless  it  recognizes  the  many  hampering 
features  that  still  control  the  issue  and  distribution 
of  public  documents.  Believing  that  these  features 
can  be  materially  lessened,  therefore 

Be  it  resolved,  That  this  Association  approve  and 
urge  the  early  enactment  of  Senate  Bill  825,  entitled 
"An  Act  to  amend,  revise,  and  codify  tie  laws  relat- 
ing to  the  public  printing  and  binding  and  distribu- 
tion of  government  publications,"  now  pending  before 
the  Sixty-third  Congress,  strongly  recommending,  how- 
ever, that  the  parenthetical  exception  now  included  in 
the  first  proviso  of  Section  45  of  said  bill  be  stricken 
out,  so  that  the  annual  reports  of  departments  shall 
not  be  treated  as  Congressional  documents. 

Be  it  also  resolved,  That  this  Association  repeat  its 
former  recommendation  urging  that  the  text  of  all 
public  bills  upon  which  committee  reports  are  made 
shall  be  printed  with  the  report  thereon. 

GEORGE   S.    GODARD, 
Chairman  Documents  Committee. 

REPORTS    OF    COMMITTEES 
COMMITTEE  ON  AFFILIATED  SOCIETIES 

The  following  report  was  made  to  the  Coun- 
cil by  Dr.  Andrews  in  behalf  of  the  committee 
on  affiliation  with  other  than  local,  state  and 
provincial  library  associations: 

Your  committee  on  affiliated  societies  re- 
spectfully report  that  they  have  proceeded  in 
the  way  proposed  and  approved  by  the  Council 
at  its  meeting  in  January.  They  regret  that 
circumstances  have  prevented  them  from  pre- 
senting a  final  report,  but  they  believe  that 
substantial  progress  has  been  made. 

In  May  the  committee  sent  to  the  presidents 
of  the  four  affiliated  societies  the  following 
letter : 

The  Council  of  the  A.  L.  A.  has  appointed  a  com- 
mittee to  formulate  the  relations  which  should  exist 
between  the  Association  and  affiliated  associations  other 
than  state,  provincial,  etc.,  in  return  for  the  privi- 
leges accorded  ihem.  The  committee  understand  that 
this  action  was  taken  largely  because  one  or  two  of 
the  societies  had  expressed  a  desire  to  contribute 
toward  the  expenses  of  the  Association.  This  desire 
was  duly  appreciated  by  the  Council,  who  felt  that 
it  would  be  well  to  lake  definite  ana  formal  action. 
The  committee  propose  that  hereafter  these  privileges 
shall  not  be  extended  to  other  than  affiliated  societies 
without  formal  vote  of  the  Council,  except  that  the 
program  committee  will  be  authorized  to  do  so  for 
the  first  meeting  of  any  newly-formed  society.  They 
propose  to  recommend  also  that  the  present  provision 
shall  be  continued,  namely,  that  each  affiliated  society 
shall  meet  with  the  Association  at  least  once  every 


three  years.  They  also  expect  to  recommend  that 
some  contribution  towards  expenses  be  required,  but 
wish  that  the  manner  and  the  amount  of  the  assess- 
ment be  determined  after  consultation  with  the  socie- 
ties, and  have  asked  that  I  secure  an  expression  of 
your  opinion  on  these  points.  They  would  consider 
the  amount  suggested  by  one  of  the  societies,  namely, 
$25  as  a  maximum.  The  grounds  for  such  a  con- 
tribution are  evident,  but  it  may  be  well  to  state  them 
as  follows : 

1.  Participation    in   the    special    railway    accommoda- 
tions. 

2.  Provision  for  rooms  and  meals  at  reduced  rates. 

3.  Provision  of  rooms  and  time  for  meetings. 

4.  Participation  in  the  activities  of  the  meeting. 

5.  Printing    programs,    announcements    in    the    Bul- 
letin, and  assignment  of  15  pages  in  the  Proceedings. 

The  cost  of  preparing  for  and  holding  a  convention 
is  about  $500,  that  of  the  Bulletin  and  Proceedings, 
including  editing  and  distributing,  about  $1500.  Pro- 
vision of  hotel  rooms  and  travel  facilities  is  not  a 
matter  of  money,  but  frequently  involves  disappoint- 
ment to  individual  members  who  apply  too  late. 

As  stated  already,  the  committee  have  not  agreed 
on  any  amount  or  method.  They  have  considered  a 
fiat  amount  of  $15  to  $25,  one  dependent  on  the  num- 
ber of  members  in  the  society  who  are  not  members 
of  the  Association,  and  one  dependent  on  the  number 
of  such  members  who  attend. 

Personally,  I  think  the  logical  method  would  be  a 
combination  of  the  first  and  third,  and  suggest  that 
there  be  an  initial  amount  of  $10  or  $15  and  an 
additional  charge  of  50  c.  or  25  c.  for  each  member 
attending  who  is  not  a  member  of  the  Association. 
Of  course,  this  additional  charge  will  not  be  asked 
for  official  delegates  of  libraries  who  are  members. 

Kindly  let  me  have  an  expression  of  your  opinion 
on  this  subject  at  your  earliest  convenience,  and 
oblige  Yours  truly, 

(Signed)     C.    W.    ANDREWS. 

They  have  just  now  received  replies  from 
all  and  formal  action  has  been  taken  by  two. 
All,  though  perhaps  with  varying  degrees  of 
cordiality  and  readiness,  recognize  the  justice 
of  the  proposed  arrangement.  There  is  quite 
naturally  some  variance  in  their  suggestions  as 
to  the  proper  amount  of  the  contribution  to  be 
made  and  the  method  by  which  it  is  to  be  com- 
puted. The  committee  desire  to  consider  care- 
fully these  suggestions,  and  to  reconcile  their 
variations  as  nearly  as  possible.  They  would 
like  to  discuss  them  in  a  personal  meeting  of 
the  whole  committee,  as  well  as  by  correspond- 
ence, and  hope  that  the  winter  meeting  of  the 
Council  will  afford  them  an  opportunity  to  do 
so,  and  to  formulate  a  by-law  for  the  consider- 
ation of  Council. 

They  therefore  submit  the  foregoing  as  a  re- 
port of  progress. 

For  the  committee, 

C.  W.  ANDREWS. 

It  was  voted  that  this  report  be  received  as 
a  report  of  progress,  and  further  consideration 
be  referred  to  the  mid-winter  meeting  in  Jan- 
uary, 1914. 

COMMITTEE  ON  BOOK  BUYING 

The  Committee  on  Book  Buying  submitted 
an  extended  report,  reviewing  in  detail  the 
negotiations  regarding  book  discounts  to  libra- 
ries carried  on  for  two  years  past  with  the 
Library  Committee  of  the  American  Book- 
sellers' Association.  The  negotiations  were, 
however,  inconclusive.  The  report  was  printed 
in  full  in  the  Publishers'  Weekly  for  July  12. 


468 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


BOOKBINDING    COMMITTEE 

In  last  year's  report  it  was  stated  that  a 
special  collection,  showing  the  kind  of  work 
done  by  library  binders,  had  been  started  by 
this  committee.  During  the  past  year  this 
collection  has  been  materially  increased  by 
samples  submitted  by  different  binders ;  it  now 
includes  work  from  34  binders  covering  the 
entire  country  from  the  Atlantic  ocean  to  the 
Pacific.  The  collection  was  formed  so  that 
when  librarians  write  to  ask  about  the  work 
of  specific  binders,  the  work  itself  can  be  ex- 
amined and  intelligent  answers  given. 

Notices  of  the  collection  were  printed  in 
the  various  library  periodicals,  and  a  certain 
number  of  requests  for  information  have  been 
received;  a  smaller  number  than  the  commit- 
tee hoped  for,  but  sufficient  to  warrant  keep- 
ing the  collection  up-to-date. 
^  In  view  of  certain  criticisms  of  this  collec- 
tion, it  may  be  well  to  state  that  it  is  not  the 
purpose  to  print  criticisms  of  the  work  of 
different  binders,  or  to  grade  them  in  any  way. 
When  asked  for  information  the  committee 
will  not  compare  the  work  of  one  binder  with 
another,  neither  will  librarians  be  advised  to 
•desert  one  binder  and  employ  another.  All 
that  will  be  done  will  be  to  send  suggestions 
as  to  ways  in  which  the  work  of  the  binder  in 
question  can  be  improved.  In  order  to  do 
this  the  work  of  the  binder  must  be  available 
for  examination.  The  committee  fails  to  see 
how  any  binder  can  take  offense  at  this 
method,  or  claim  that  other  binders  are  being 
officially  recognized  by  the  A.  L.  A. 

The  announcement  of  the  publishers  of  the 
Encyclopaedia  Britannica  that  they  were  about 
to  issue  a  yearbook  which  would  be  printed 
only  on  India  paper  called  forth  a  protest 
from  this  committee  against  the  use  of  this 
paper — a  protest  which  had  no  effect  whatever 
until  letters  protesting  against  its  use  had 
been  sent  to  the  publishers  by  50  librarians 
of  the  larger  libraries.  Even  then  the  sole 
concession  that  the  publishers  made  was  to 
agree  to  bind  750  copies  on  ordinary  paper, 
provided  that  we  could  guarantee  a  sale  of 
that  number.  For  this  reason  the  committee 
asks  that  those  who  wish  to  purchase  a  thick 
paper  edition  of  the  Yearbook  register  their 
orders  with  the  committee.  If  the  total  num- 
ber by  July  T  amounts  to  750  copies,  the  pub- 
lishers will  be  notified  to  that  effect.  Many 
librarians  have  refused  to  buy  the  India  paper 
edition,  and  it  is  evident  that  if  all  librarians 
would  refuse  to  get  it,  the  publishers  would 
realize  that  the  demands  of  librarians  in  this 
respect  should  be  heeded. 

There  have  been  comparatively  few  refer- 
ence books  published  or  announced  during 
the  year  which  the  committee  felt  would  need 
to  be  bound  especially  for  library  use.  It  was 
thought  advisable,  however,  to  submit  our 
specification  for  binding  the  new  editions  of 
the  Standard  Dictionary  and  Appleton's  Cy- 
clopaedia of  American  Biography.  The  pub- 


lishers of  the  Standard  Dictionary  adopted 
practically  all  of  the  specifications,  and  the 
publishers  of  the  Cyclopaedia  of  American 
Biography  now  have  them  under  considera- 
tion. 

In  this  connection  it  is  worthy  of  notice 
that  the  publishers  of  reference  books  are 
not  only  giving  studied  attention  to  binding 
processes,  but  they  also  realize  more  fully 
than  they  did  a  few  years  ago  the  necessity 
of  using  leather  which  is  free  from  acid. 
Until  within  the  last  two  or  three  years  it 
has  been  difficult  to  get  leathers  tanned  accord- 
ing to  the  specifications  of  the  Society  of 
Arts.  Recently,  however,  several  firms  in  this 
country  have  begun  to  specialize  in  leathers 
free  from  acid;  and  in  addition  to  this,  the 
Government  Printing  Office  insists  on  having 
a  certain  amount  of  such  leather  and  calls 
for  it  in  its  proposals  or  bids.  These  are 
encouraging  signs  that  in  the  future  we  may 
hope  to  get  leather  which  will  not  disinte- 
grate so  rapidly  as  that  which  we  have  been 
obliged  to  use  for  many  years  past. 

With  assured  standards  of  book  cloths  and 
leathers,  which  manufacturers,  publishers, 
binders  and  librarians  each  year  are  recog- 
nizing more  and  more  as  vital  to  the  proper 
construction  of  a  serviceable  book,  there  re- 
mains only  paper  to  be  carefully  standardized. 
Some  efforts  are  being  made  by  private  com- 
panies and  by  the  government  to  discover 
which  papers  are  best  for  certain  uses,  but  at 
present  the  librarian  at  least  knows  little  of 
the  subject  and  is  practically  at  the  mercy  of 
the  publisher. 

ARTHUR  L.  BAILEY, 

ROSE  G.   MURRAY, 

J.  RITCHIE  PATTERSON. 

COMMITTEE    ON    FEDERAL    AND    STATE    RELATIONS 

The  committee  reports  that  its  chief  activ- 
ity throughout  the  year  has  been  the  endeavor 
to  secure  a  cheaper  postal  rate  upon  books, 
in  which  effort  it  has  been  unsuccessful.  At- 
tempts weie  made  to  have  books  included  in 
the  parcel  post  bill  of  1912,  and  also  to  have 
the  rate  on  books  made  the  same  as  the  sec- 
ond class  rate  on  magazines  when  sent  by 
individuals.  At  the  regular  and  extra  ses- 
sions of  Congress,  the  chairmen  of  the  com- 
mittees of  Congress  on  Post  Offices  and 
Post  Roads  were  interviewed,  and  the  Post- 
master-General was  urged  to  give  the  favor- 
able influence  of  his  department  toward  the 
end  desired.  There  seems  to  be  no  prob- 
ability of  an  immediate  alteration  in  the  rate 
upon  books,  unless  a  complete  revision  of  the 
parcel  post  section  of  the  postal  laws  be  made, 
and  there  is  some  question  as  to  whether  it  is 
desirable  for  books  to  be  included  in  the  par- 
cel post,  with  the  present  zone  system,  in- 
asmuch as  under  it  the  postage  upon  books 
within  certain  zones  would  be  actually  greater 
than  under  the  existing  law.  The  activity  of 
those  desiring  a  one-cent  postage  upon  letters 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


469 


also  causes  members  of  Congress  to  hesitate 
in  making  any  reduction  such  as  we  desire. 

When  the  new  tariff  bill  was  introduced  in 
the  House  of  Representatives,  the  committee 
addressed  a  communication  to  the  Committee 
on  Ways  and  Means,  so  as  to  secure  the  re- 
tention of  the  privilege  of  free  entry  for 
books  imported  by  public  libraries.  The 
Treasury  Department  on  April  19  decided 
"that  small  importations  through  the  mails 
for  colleges  or  other  institutions  entitled  to 
import  books  free  of  duty  under  Par.  519  of 
the  TarfT  Act  will  be  passed  without  requir- 
ing an  affidavit  in  each  instance,  provided 
such  institutions  will  file  with  the  Collector  of 
Customs  a  copy  of  its  charter  or  article  of 
association  showing  it  to  be  entitled  to  pass 
such  importations  free  of  duty."  Libraries 
desiring  to  avail  themselves  of  this  privilege 
should  forward  this  information  promptly  to 
the  Collector  of  Customs  at  the  port  where 
they  receive  books. 

BERNARD  C.  STEINER,  Chairman. 

COMMITTEE  TO  INVESTIGATE  LIBRARY  FIRE  INSUR- 
ANCE RATES 

Mr.  Ranck  made  an  informal  statement  re- 
garding the  irregular  and  unsatisfactory  fire 
insurance  rates  which  he  had  found  many  li- 
braries of  the  United  States  were  securing,  and 
recommended  that  this  subject  be  investigated 
by  the  Council. 

It  was  voted,  upon  motion  by  Mr.  Thomson, 
that  a  committee  of  three  be  appointed  by  the 
chair  to  investigate  the  subject  of  fire  insur- 
ance for  libraries.  The  chair  appointed  as  this 
committee  M.  S.  Dudgeon,  Chalmers  Hadley 
and  S,  H.  Ranck. 

COMMITTEE  ON  COST  AND  METHOD  OF  CATALOGING 

A  report  was  submitted  from  the  committee 
on  cost  and  method  of  cataloging,  but  owing 
to  the  lack  of  time  for  proper  consideration  the 
secretary  was  instructed  to  have  the  report 
typewritten  and  copies  sent  to  the  respective 
members  of  the  Executive  Board.  At  the  re- 
quest of  the  committee  that  two  other  mem- 
bers be  added  to  the  committee,  one  of  them 
to  be  located  in  Chicago,  the  other  to  be  the 
head  cataloger  of  one  of  the  public  libraries 
taking  part  in  the  investigation,  the  president 
appointed  the  following  persons:  J.  C.  M. 
Hanson  and  Margaret  Mann. 

The  request  of  the  committee  for  an  appro- 
priation of  not  to  exceed  $50  was  referred  to 
the  January  meeting  of  the  Executive  Board. 

A  request  was  read  from  the  Catalog  Sec- 
tion:  first,  that  the  Executive  Board  be  asked 
to  appoint  a  permanent  cataloging  committee 
to  which  the  questions  in  cataloging  may  be 
referred  for  recommendations ;  second,  that  the 
Executive  Board  be  asked  to  send  a  request 
to  the  librarian  of  Congress  for  the  publica- 
tion of  the  code  of  alphabeting  used  in  the 
Library  of  Congress. 

Voted,  on  motion  by  Dr.  Andrews,  that  the 


president  and  secretary  be  instructed  to  ap- 
point a  committee  for  this  year  to  whom  ques- 
tions of  cataloging  may  be  referred,  and  that 
the  chairman  of  the  Catalog  Section  be  con- 
sulted as  to  the  proper  form  of  a  by-law  pro- 
viding for  a  permanent  committee. 

Upon  motion  by  Dr.  Andrews,  voted  that 
the  secretary  be  instructed  to  ask  the  opinion 
of  the  committee  on  code  for  classifiers  as  to 
the  desirability  of  a  permanent  committee  to 
consider  specific  questions  of  classification  and 
as  to  the  proper  form  of  a  by-law  to  provide 
for  such  committee. 

COMMITTEE    ON    VENTILATION    AND    LIGHTING    OF 
LIBRARY  BUILDINGS 

Mr.  Ranck  presented  a  report  of  progress 
in  behalf  of  his  committee  on  ventilation  and 
lighting  of  library  buildings,  and  recommended 
that  the  committee  be  continued,  which  recom- 
mendation, upon  motion  of  Dr.  Putnam,  was 
adopted. 

COMMITTEE   ON    CODE   FOR   CLASSIFIERS 

Mr.  William  Stetson  Merrill  presented  the 
following  report  in  behalf  of  the  committee  on 
code  for  classifiers,  which  upon  motion  was 
accepted  as  a  report  of  progress : 

The  committee  on  code  for  classifiers  begs 
to  present  a  report  of  progress.  During  the 
past  year  no  general  meeting  of  the  committee 
has  been  held,  but  the  chairman  has  been  in 
correspondence  with  several  members  of  the 
committee,  and  considerable  data  have  been 
collected  for  the  purposed  Manual  for  clas- 
sifiers. Messrs.  Bay  and  Merrill  are  more  im- 
mediately concerned  with  this  section  of  the 
work,  and  over  three  hundred  points  have 
been  assembled  for  future  consideration. 

WM.   STETSON   MERRILL,  Chairman. 

MEETINGS  OF  SECTIONS 

AGRICULTURAL  LIBRARIES  SECTION 

Mr.  Charles  R.  Green,  librarian  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Agricultural  College,  was  acting 
chairman  of  the  meeting,  which  was  an  in- 
formal one  without  a  regular  program.  The 
subjects  for  discussion  were  (i)  Catalog  cards 
for  agricultural  experiment  stations  publica- 
tions, and  (2)  the  Indexing  of  agricultural 
periodicals. 

Mr.  C.  H.  Hastings  first  spoke  briefly  in  re- 
gard to  the  printing  of  cards  by  the  Library  of 
Congress  for  the  publications  of  the  State  Agri- 
cultural Experiment  Stations.  Cards  have  al- 
ready been  issued  for  the  Illinois  and  Indiana 
stations,  the  copy  being  supplied  by  the  uni- 
versity libraries.  Before  going  on  with  the 
work  for  the  other  stations,  he  thought  it  de- 
sirable to  consult  with  the  Office  of  Experi- 
ment Stations  in  regard  to  cooperation  by 
which  the  same  card  might  be  used  both  for 
the  Library  of  Congress  cards  and  for  the 
"Card  index  of  experiment  station  literature" 
issued  by  the  office.  It  would  be  much  more 
economical  to  have  only  the  one  card  printed, 


470 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


if  possible.  Miss  E.  B.  Hawks  expressed 
doubt  as  to  whether  such  an  arrangement 
could  be  made,  inasmuch  as  the  form  and  pur- 
pose of  the  Office  of  Experiment  Stations  card 
index  differs  so  widely  from  those  of  a  dic- 
tionary catalog.  Mr.  Hastings  thought  that  it 
would  do  no  harm  to  make  the  attempt,  and 
said  that  he  would  consult  with  the  librarian 
of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  the 
director  of  the  Office  of  Experiment  Stations 
in  regard  to  it.  If  such  an  arrangement  can- 
not be  made  he  thought  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress would  be  willing  to  print  separate  cards, 
having  the  copy  supplied  by  the  station  or 
college  libraries,  if  they  are  willing  and  able 
to  do  the  cataloging. 

Mr.  H.  W.  Wilson  then  spoke  in  regard  to 
the  publication  of  an  index  to  agricultural 
periodicals.  He  has  had  a  good  many  de- 
mands for  such  an  index,  and  has  delayed 
adding  any  agricultural  titles  to  the  Industrial 
Arts  Index,  because  it  may  be  better  to  have 
a  separate  one.  Those  who  have  written  to 
him  about  it  have  always  expressed  a  prefer- 
ence for  a  separate  index.  Miss  Hawks  asked 
•whether  some  titles  might  not  be  included  in 
the  Industrial  Arts  Index  now  and  then  re- 
moved if  a  separate  agricultural  one  were  be- 
gun. Mr.  Wilson  replied  that  there  was  some 
likelihood  of  the  Agricultural  Index  being  be- 
gun next  year,  in  which  case  it  would  hardly 
pay  to  do  anything  with  the  agricultural  liter- 
ature before  this.  There  was  some  discussion 
as  to  the  scope  of  the  index.  Mr.  Wilson  said 
they  would  wish  to  include  only  journals  of 
national  standing.  Mr.  C.  R.  Green  thought 
that  there  were  not  more  than  about  six  of 
these.  Mr.  H.  O.  Severance  thought  there 
would  be  many  more  than  this,  including  pa- 
pers devoted  to  special  phases  as  poultry,  bee- 
keeping and  stock  raising.  Mr.  C.  R.  An- 
drews doubted  whether  the  farm  papers  were 
worth  indexing.  He  thought  that  the  matter 
is  rarely  original,  but  that  the  articles  of  value 
are  worked  up  from  Station  and  Department 
of  Agriculture  publications.  Mr.  Wilson  said 
he  had  had  more  demands  for  an  agricultural 
index  lately  than  for  an  index  on  any  other 
subj  ect. 

Inquiry  was  made  as  to  how  many  subscrip- 
tions would  be  needed  to  justify  the  starting 
of  a  separate  index.  Mr.  Wilson  could  not 
say  definitely.  There  might  be  two  plans — one, 
the  division  of  subscriptions  among  subscrib- 
ers. The  basis  for  Industrial  Arts  Index  was 
20  cents  a  title — 40  cents  for  a  weekly.  Their 
other  plan  is  a  sliding  scale  of  charges  by 
which  a  library  having  a  great  many  of  the 
periodicals  indexed  pays  a  higher  price,  thus 
enabling  the  smaller  ones  to  pay  something, 
but  not  a  higher  price  than  they  can  afford  for 
the  service  rendered.  Mr.  Wilson  stated  that 
he  was  willing  to  go  to  the  expense  of  a  refer- 
endum to  find  out  the  wishes  of  libraries  on 
this  subject,  with  a  view  either  to  the  starting 
of  a  separate  index  or  the  incorporation  of 
some  agricultural  journals  in  the  Agricultural 


Arts  Index.  If  the  idea  of  a  separate  index  is 
abandoned,  he  would  almost  certainly  add  some 
titles  to  the  Industrial  Arts  Index.  Mr.  Green 
thought  that  he  might  count  on  active  support 
of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  Library  and 
all  the  agricultural  experiment  stations.  He 
was  not  sure  what  further  support  there  would 
be.  Mr.  Wilson  thought  the  demand  would 
probably  be  an  increasing  one. 
Meeting  adjourned. 

EMMA  B.  HAWKS, 

Acting  Secretary. 

CATALOG  SECTION 

The  first  session  of  the  Catalog  Section  met 
Wednesday  afternoon,  to  discuss  the  "Admin- 
istration of  the  catalog  department."  F.  F. 
Hopper,  of  Tacoma,  spoke  "from  the  libra- 
rian's standpoint"  of  the  relation  between  the 
librarian  and  the  catalog  department.  It  is 
true  that  the  cataloging  room  is  often  terra 
incognita  to  the  librarian.  The  work  is  so 
minutely  technical  that  he  has  to  trust  his  de- 
partment head  absolutely,  making  this  depart- 
ment, therefore,  more  isolated  than  any  other. 
The  head  cataloger  should  devote  herself  to 
managing  the  department  and  not  be  obliged  to 
do  special  work.  Miss  Van  Valkenburgh  read 
Miss  Beatrice  Winser's  paper  on  the  "Relation 
of  departments,"  the  problem  of  humanizing 
the  cataloger  without  wasting  her  specialized 
ability.  Miss  Laura  Smith,  of  Cincinnati, 
where  reference  and  catalog  departments  are 
closely  related,  spoke  of  the  value  of  catalogers 
as  reference  assistants.  After  devoting  the 
quiet  morning  hours  to  cataloging,  assistants 
are  gradually  called  into  the  reference  room 
as  the  demand  there  increases.  This  uses  the 
cataloger's  knowledge  of  books  and  keeps  her 
from  "drying  up"  at  her  rather  bloodless  task. 
The  second  catalog  session  comprised  a  dis- 
cussion of  catalog  entries  and  forms  of  cards 
from  Library  of  Congress  fullness  to  the  sim- 
ple cataloging  of  the  small  library,  matters  of 
detail  of  which  it  is  difficult  to  give  a  sum- 
marized report. 

CHILDREN'S   LIBRARY   SECTION 

The  Children's  Library  Section  held  two  ses- 
sions, one  on  Tuesday  afternoon  and  one  on 
Friday  afternoon,  both  in  the  ball  room,  the 
main  meeting  room,  and  with  the  largest  at- 
tendance of  any  section,  in  addition  to  the  con- 
ference itself  Thursday  morning  given  to  the 
work  with  children.  The  main  topic  of  the 
first  special  session  was  "Values  of  library 
work  with  children,"  introduced  by  Miss  Clara 
W.  Hunt,  of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library; 
and  that  of  the  second  session^  "School  work," 
introduced  by  a  paper  from  Miss  Martha  Wil- 
son, librarian,  Minnesota  State  Board  of  Edu- 
cation, and  including  a  round  table  of  school 
librarians  led  by  Miss  Mary  E.  Hall,  librarian, 
Girls'  High  School,  Brooklyn,  and  president 
of  the  Library  Section  of  the  N.  E.  A.  The 
summarized  report  of  these  meetings  has  not 
come  to  hand  in  time  for  inclusion  in  this  issue. 


August,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


471 


COLLEGE  AND  REFERENCE  SECTION 

The  main  session  of  the  College  and  Refer- 
ence section  took  place  on  Tuesday  afternoon, 
June  24,  at  the  Hotel  Kaaterskill.  The  chair- 
man of  the  section,  Mr.  Andrew  Keogh,  refer- 
ence librarian  of  Yale  University,  presided. 
The  program  was  the  work  of  Miss  Sarah 
Askew,  New  Jersey  Public  Library  Commis- 
sion, and  of  Mr.  N.  L.  Goodrich,  librarian  of 
Dartmouth  College.  In  order  to  secure  pointed 
discussion,  Mr.  Goodrich  had  caused  brief 
summaries  of  the  papers  to  be  printed  and  dis- 
tributed to  members  of  the  section  two  weeks 
before  the  meeting. 

Miss  Lucy  M.  Salmon,  professor  of  history 
at  Vassar  College,  read  the  first  paper,  en- 
titled "Bibliographic  instruction  in  colleges  and 
universities."  Accepting  as  wholly  natural  the 
fact  that  students  come  to  college  usually  quite 
ignorant  of  the  resources  of  a  large  library 
and  of  how  to  get  at  them,  Miss  Salmon  gave 
it  as  her  opinion  that  the  teacher  is  the  proper 
person  to  give  instruction  in  the  use  of  the 
library.  In  the  first  place,  such  instruction, 
being  training  in  a  method  of  work,  can  be 
most  economically  presented  in  connection  with 
material  already  required  in  the  curriculum, 
instead  of  with  new  and  unrelated  material. 
In  the  second  place,  it  is  the  business  of  the 
teacher  to  individualize  his  students,  and  to 
keep  track  of  the  rate  of  progress  of  each  one, 
as  the  reference  librarian,  overwhelmed  by 
numbers,  can  scarcely  do.  In  such  a  plan,  the 
part  of  the  college  reference  librarian,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  the  reference  librarian  of  a 
public  library,  is  not  to  find  the  facts  for  her 
public,  but  to  indicate  ways  yet  untried  for 
arriving  at  the  facts.  The  students,  introduced 
to  her  in  the  first  few  weeks  of  college  life, 
learn  to  consult  her  fully  not  only  in  connec- 
tion with  class  work,  but  also  in  their  extra- 
class  activities,  such  as  debating. 

Discussion  of  the  paper  was  led  by  Mr.  J.  T. 
Gerould,  librarian  of  the  University  of  Minne- 
sota. He  believed  that  most  college  teachers 
had  neither  the  knowledge  nor  the  enthusiasm 
necessary  to  give  systematic  bibliographic  in- 
struction. Training  in  the  use  of  the  library 
should,  he  thought,  be  given  by  a  member  of 
the  library  staff,  from  a  general  point  of  view, 
introducing  the  student  to  reference  books  not 
simply  in  one  field,  but  in  all.  The  time  had 
come^  for  the  university  libraries  to  define  their 
position  as  a  distinct  educational  integer,  not  a 
mere  adjunct  to  the  academic  departments.  Of 
course,  to  take  such  a  position  the  library 
staff  must  be  thoroughly  equipped,  and  must 
include  trained  bibliographers  in  adequate  num- 
bers. Dr.  E.  C.  Richardson,  librarian  of 
Princeton  University,  called  attention  to  the 
fact  that  the  principle  of  unrestricted  access  to 
the  shelves  required  hearty  cooperation  be- 
tween the  college  public  and  the  library  staff. 
It  should  be  recognized  that  the  librarian  is 
not  responsible  for  the  correct  placing  of  every 
book  on  an  "open  shelf."  Mr.  John  D.  Wol- 


cott,  librarian  of  the  Bureau  of  Education, 
Washington,  D.  C,  spoke  of  the  questionnaire 
on  the  subject  under  discussion  sent  out  in 
October,  1912,  by  the  A.  L.  A.  to  two  hundred 
colleges  and  universities.  A  summary  of  the 
results,  entitled  ''Recent  aspects  of  library  de- 
velopment," by  John  D.  Wolcott,  forms  a  part 
of  the  report  of  the  U.  S.  Commissioner  of 
Education  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1912. 
Reprints  may  be  obtained  from  the  commis- 
sioner. Mr.  H.  C.  Prince,  librarian  of  the 
Maine  State  Library,  called  attention  to  the 
courses  in  legal  bibliography  which  were  being 
given  at  various  law  schools.  Those  at  the 
University  of  Chicago,  though  without  credit, 
were  eagerly  attended  by  law  students.  Mr. 
Goodrich  reiterated  his  belief  that  the  libraries 
should  take  a  definite  stand  in  insisting  that 
college  students  must  be  taught  how  to  use 
library  resources  to  the  full.  They  must  learn 
the  many  "tricks  of  the  trade,"  which  in  his 
opinion  were  better  known  at  present  to  the 
librarian  than  to  the  teacher.  Miss  Salmon 
replied  that  she  thought  it  less  a  question  of 
learning  the  "tricks  of  the  trade"  than  of 
adapting  the  desired  knowledge  to  the  indi- 
vidual need  and  capacity  of  the  student ;  hence 
her  belief  in  the  teacher  as  the  proper  medium 
of  instruction.  The  discussion  could  not  be 
pursued  for  lack  of  time. 

Mr.  H.  E.  Bliss,  librarian  of  the  College  of 
the  City  of  New  York,  read  a  paper  on  "Some 
practical  considerations  regarding  classification 
for  libraries."  It  was  almost  too  technical  for 
adequate  summary  and  should  be  read  in  full 
to  be  appreciated.  The  author  pointed  out  that 
the  progress  of  science  has  been  so  rapid,  and 
the  interrelations  of  the  various  sciences  have 
been  so  thoroughly  discussed,  that  a  good, 
broad  classification  on  a  logical  plan  ought 
now  to  be  possible.  He  illustrated  some  of 
the  practical  difficulties  and  absurdities  into 
which  catalogers  now  fall  in  using  the  minutiae 
of  existing  systems  which  have  some  funda- 
mental weakness  in  the  broad  classification. 
Despite  the  expense  involved,  libraries  ought 
to  be  willing  to  modify  their  classifications  so 
as  to  bring  them  up  to  date  twice  or  thrice  in 
a  century.  The  DC,  the  EC,  and  even  the  LC 
he  thought  would  all  perish  in  time,  giving 
place  to  more  scientific  systems. 

In  the  subsequent  discussion,  opened  by  Dr. 
Richardson,  and  by  a  paper  written  by  Mr. 
U.  S.  Merrill,  chief  classifier  of  the  Newberry 
Library,  Chicago,  exception  was  taken  to  many 
of  Mr.  Bliss's  criticisms  of  present  classifica- 
tions. It  was  pointed  out  that  the  DC,  with 
all  its  faults,  was  still  eminently  practical,  as 
evidenced  by  its  widespread  use.  Mr.  W.  P. 
Cutter  stated  that  the  EC  classification  for 
zoology,  which  Mr.  Bliss  had  specially  crit- 
icised, had  been  made  in  just  the  way  Mr. 
Bliss  himself  regarded  as  the  soundest,  i.e.,  it 
had  been  condensed  from  material  furnished 
by  an  eminent  scientist;  as  to  its  being  over 
minute,  it  was  subdivided  only  half  as  much  as 


4.72 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


the  scientist  had  proposed.  Mr.  Charles  Mar- 
tel,  chief  of  the  catalog  division  in  the  Library 
of  Congress,  Mr.  Andrews,  librarian  of  the 
John  Crerar  Library,  Chicago,  and  others  also 
expressed  their  belief  in  close  classification  as 
a  safeguard  against  confusion  and  unscientific 
grouping. 

Only  a  few  minutes  remained  for  a  very  in- 
teresting paper,  full  of  practical  suggestions, 
on  "Art  in  the  college  library,"  by  Mr.  Frank 
Weitenkampf,  chief  of  the  art  department,  New 
York  Public  Library.  He  asserted  the  real 
susceptibility  of  college  students  to  art  influ- 
ences, and  showed'  how  much  can  be  done  to 
affect  their  taste  by  the  careful  placing  of  well 
chosen  prints,  casts,  pottery  and  textiles  in 
public  places.  The  entrance  hall  of  a  library, 
which  must  be  daily  traversed,  is  a  better  place 
for  objects  of  art  than  is  the  art  museum,  so 
seldom,  visited.  Many  students  may  be  led  to 
buy  good  photographs  and  prints  and  to  fur- 
nish their  rooms  in  good  taste.  Mr.  Goodrich 
spoke  of  the  extreme  care  with  which  Mr. 
Koch  had  planned  the  furnishings  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan  Library,  so  that  a  beau- 
tiful effect  was  given  even  by  the  shelf  labels; 
also  of  the  beautiful  window  curtains  in  the 
Brown  University  Library,  which  were  never- 
theless inexpensive.  He  read  a  letter  from  Mr. 
M.  G.  Wyer,  librarian  of  Iowa  State  Univer- 
sity, showing  that  in  his  library  exhibitions  he 
had  had  in  mind  informal  art  instruction 
rather  than  connection  with  class  work.  Fur- 
ther discussion  was  prevented  by  lack  of  time. 

At  the  end  of  the  session  Mr.  W.  N.  C 
Carlton,  librarian  of  the  Newberry  Library, 
was  elected  to  the  committee  on  arrangements 
for  three  years  to  succeed  Mr.  Keogh,  whose 
term  expired.  The  other  members  of  the  com- 
mittee, Miss  Askew  and  Mr.  Goodrich,  remain 
the  same  as  this  year. 

AMY  L.  REED, 
Librarian  of  I'assar  College. 

COLLEGE   ROUND   TABLE 

The  College  Round  Table  met  Friday  even- 
ing, Frederick  C.  Hicks,  of  Columbia,  presid- 
ing. Miss  Josephine  A.  Rathbone,  speaking  of 
"What  college  librarians  can  do  for  the  library 
schools,"  urged  that  college  students  should  be 
turned  towards  library  schools  whenever  pos- 
sible. Miss  Minnie  E.  Sears  discussed  "Cat- 
aloging for  department  libraries,"  bringing  out 
in  detail  methods  and  difficulties  of  treating 
such  catalogs.  R.  S.  Fletcher's  paper  on  "The 
college  library  and  research  work,"  postponed 
from  the  main  session,  was  read  by  N.  L. 
Goodrich,  and  discussed  by  G.  T.  Little.  Mr. 
Fletcher  maintained  that  the  college  library 
need  not  buy  the  sort  of  material  required  for 
Ph.D.  research.  The  research  material  needed 
by  the  colleges,  as  distinct  from  the  universi- 
ties, is  simply  that  which  is  called  for  by  fac- 
ulty members  doing  mature  synthetic  research. 

pr.  W.  D.  Johnston  submitted  a  prop- 
osition for  a  catalog  of  university  serial  pub- 


lications. After  discussion  the  matter  was  re- 
ferred to  the  executive  committee  of  the  sec- 
tion. 

REFERENCE   LIBRARIANS    ROUND  TABLE 

The  meeting  of  the  Round  Table  for 
Reference  Librarians  was  called  to  order  on 
the  evening  of  June  27  by  Edwin  H.  Ander- 
son, who  turned  the  meeting  over  to  Sarah 
B.  Askew,  of  the  New  Jersey  Public  Li- 
brary Commission,  chairman  for  the  even- 
ing. The  first  speaker  was  Miss  Manila 
Waite  Freeman,  of  the  Goodwyn  Institute 
Library  of  Memphis,  Tenn.,  whose  subject 
was  "Scientific  management;  and  the  refer- 
ence department  as  a  bureau  of  information." 
Miss  Freeman  spoke  of  the  advantage  which 
the  reference  department  of  the  small  library 
has  in  that  the  department  has  charge  of  all 
reference  work  which  is  subdivided  and  spe- 
cialized in  the  large  library.  She  emphasized 
the  fact  that  this  variety  of  work  made  it 
more  necessary  to  apply  scientific  management 
to  the  department.  One  of  the  means  toward 
scientific  management  suggested  was  a  pad 
of  paper  dated  and  kept  on  the  desk  upon 
which  to  record  daily  the  questions  asked  and 
the  material  furnished.  From  this  deductions 
can  be  made  as  to  the  class  of  people  using 
the  department,  the  lines  on  which  the  depart- 
ment needs  to  build  up  its  resources,  and 
what  class  of  people  the  library  is  not  reach- 
ing. This  is  also  a  great  aid  in  compiling  the 
yearly  report,  and  will  make  much  more  ef- 
fective an  appeal  than  any  amount  of  statis- 
tics. A  card  index  of  material  found  under 
each  question  looked  up  was  advocated  as  a 
means  of  saving  time  and  preventing  duplica- 
tion and  repetition  of  work.  In  this  connection 
the  value  of  making  use  of  work  done  by  other 
libraries  was  brought  out,  several  of  the  best 
of  such  bibliographies  easily  obtainable  being 
discussed.  The  use  and  value  of  pamphlet 
material  was  emphasized,  and  a  system  for 
filing  and  caring  for  such  material  was  out- 
lined ami  various  bibliographies  of  such  mate- 
rial were  noted.  Methods  of  bringing  the 
library  before  the  public  were  suggested,  after 
a  brief  appeal  to  librarians  to  remember  that 
the  library  is  an  institution  to  serve  all  of 
the  people  in  all  lines  of  work  and  along  all 
lines  of  inquiry.  Among  the  advertising 
methods  cited  was  that  adopted  in  the  city 
of  Memphis  of  inserting  a  card  in  the  street 
cars.  Miss  Freeman's  paper  was  a  most  able 
presentation  of  how  an  up-to-date  reference 
department  can  serve  all  of  the  people  all 
of  the  time. 

Miss  Sarah  B.  Ball,  director  of  the  Business 
Branch  of  the  Newark  Public  Library,  was 
the  next  speaker.  Miss  Ball's  subject  was- 
"What  any  library  can  do  for  the  business  in- 
terests of  the  town,"  and  showed  the  large 
amount  of  work  that  could  be  done  in  this 
direction  by  even  the  smallest  library.  She 
dwelt  upon  the  value  of  advertising,  contend- 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


473 


ing  that  it  was  the  library's  duty  to  let  citi- 
zens know  that  it  is  there  to  serve  the  people 
who  seek  knowledge  of  city  affairs  and  man- 
agement, industries  and  activities,  as  well  as 
those  people  who  are  seeking  general  culture. 
She  brought  out  the  fact  that  many  people 
now  go  to  the  newspapers  and  other  agencies 
with  questions  that  can  be  much  better  an- 
swered by  the  public  library,  and  that  it  is  the 
duty  of  the  library  to  get  in  touch  with  these 
people.  She  told  of  the  show  window  as  a 
new  feature  in  library  advertising,  the  idea 
being  that  a  window  display  of  a  variety  of 
books  and  maps  not  usually  supposed  to  be 
in  a  library  will  attract  the  passer-by  and 
broaden  his  idea  of  the  resources  of  a  library. 
She  presented  many  new  ideas  in  the  way  of 
library  signs,  all  of  them  being  a  wide  de- 
parture from  the  usual  stilted  library  sign. 
The  speaker  favored  most  one  reading  simply 
"Our  business  is  answering  questions,"  as  con- 
veying to  the  public  the  fact  that  the  library 
is  something  beyond  a  medium  for  circulating 
books.  She  then  gave  a  list  of  material 
which  could  be  had  at  small  cost,  and  which 
could  be  used  to  advantage  in  meeting  busi- 
ness inquiries  of  a  general  order.  She  also 
told  how  this  material  could  be  obtained.  A 
library  serving  the  people  in  the  manner  ad- 
vocated by  Miss  Ball  would  not  have  diffi- 
culty in  convincing  the  city  government  that 
the  library  is  giving  full  value  for  the  cost  of 
its  maintenance. 

Miss  Edith  Kammerling,  head  of  the  Civics 
Room  of  the  Chicago  Public  Library,  pre- 
sented most  ably  the  work  which  can  be  done 
by  libraries  in  the  civic  line  under  the  title 
"A  civics  room  in  a  medium  size  town."  She 
described  the  work  done  in  the  civics  room 
of  the  Chicago  Public  Library,  much  of  which 
could  be  adapted  to  the  use  of  the  small 
library.  The  speaker  considered  that  a  prime 
requisite  to  the  success  of  this  work  was  an 
interest  in  and  familiarity  with  the  issues  of 
the  day  on  the  part  of  the  person  in  charge 
of  the  department,  so  that  she  (he)  can  an- 
ticipate requests  and  gather  material  in  ad- 
vance of  the  demand.  Little  of  the  material 
in  the  civics  room  is  in  the  form  of  books, 
most  of  it  being  pamphlets,  magazine  articles 
and  newspaper  clippings.  The  necessity  of 
knowing  where  material  can  be  obtained  on 
short  notice  was  brought  out  and  an  index 
of  institutions  and  societies  interested  in  this 
form  of  work  advocated  as  a  means  to  this 
end.  The  nature  of  the  material  used  in 
this  department  necessitates  special  care  and 
method  in  arranging  and  making  it  accessible. 
In  Chicago  all  of  the  material  on  a  subject 
is  kept  filed  in  one  or  more  pamphlet  boxes, 
classified  and  arranged  by  the  Wisconsin  Leg- 
islative Reference  Bureau's  expansion  of  the 
300*8,  the  articles  being  clipped  from  the  mag- 
azines and  made  into  "separates." 

A  complete  file  of  the  bills  introduced  in 
the  current  legislature  is  kept  for  the  use  of 
the  patrons.  These  are  carefully  indexed  so 


that  they  are  readily  available.  The  civics 
room  is  of  assistance  to  the  members  of  the 
City  Council,  women's  clubs,  newspaper  men, 
and  students.  Miss  Kammerling  suggested 
that  the  small  libraries  too  small  to  collect 
such  material  for  themselves  might  apply  to 
the  state  library  for  material  of  the  nature 
outlined  when  the  need  arose,  thus  making  it 
possible  for  the  smallest  library  to  take  part 
in  the  great  movement  for  civic  betterment. 
Miss  Kammerling' s  intimate  knowledge  of  her 
subject  and  her  euthusiasm  for  it  made  her 
paper  a  most  valuable  addition  to  the  pro- 
gram. 

Dr.  William  H.  Allen,  of  the  Bureau  of 
Municipal  Research,  made  the  closing  talk  of 
the  evening.  He  was,  as  usual,  most  original 
and  inspiring.  To  many  the  title  of  his  talk, 
"What  a  city  should  expect  and  receive  from 
a  library,"  had  foretold  a  paper  with  the  use 
of  emphasis  on  research  and  activity  within 
the  walls  of  the  library.  Dr.  Allen  instead 
made  a  plea  that  librarians  should  be  indi- 
viduals, and  not  sink  themselves  in  their  work. 
He  advocated  every  librarian  standing  for 
something  beside  library  work  in  the  com- 
munity, and  taking  their  places  as  persons 
in  the  affairs  of  the  day  as  well  as  seeing 
that  their  institutions  served  the  people  as  a 
whole.  He  plead  individual  thinking  on  the 
part  of  librarians  in  the  administration  of 
their  libraries,  the  doing  of  the  thing  that  is 
the  best  for  their  communities  irrespective  of 
its  being  in  line  with  general  library  thought, 
claiming  that  individuality  and  independence 
of  thought  and  action  made  for  a  stronger 
and  better  administration  even  if  such  indi- 
viduality occasionally  led  to  adverse  criti- 
cism. 

He  also  laid  emphasis  on  the  need  of  pub- 
licity being  given  to  the  work  of  libraries, 
claiming  that  a  very  small  portion  of  the 
general  public  knows  of  the  work  that  is 
being  done  by  libraries  or  the  work  that  could 
be  done  by  them,  and  that  such  work  should 
be  discussed  in  the  general  magazines  and 
newspapers  as  well  as  in  library  magazines. 

The  meeting  then  adjourned. 

HIGH   SCHOOL  LIBRARIANS 

Under  the  auspices  of  the  N.  E.  A.  Library 
Committee,  a  round  table  for  high  school  li- 
brarians was  held  for  the  first  time  at  the 
meeting  of  the  A.  L.  A.  at  Kaaterskill,  N.  Y. 
Miss  Anna  Hadley,  chairman  of  the  N.  E.  A. 
Committee  High  School  Librarians,  presided  at 
the  session,  and  Miss  Fanny  Ball  acted  as  sec- 
retary. The  high  school  librarians  greatly  ap- 
preciated the  opportunity  of  discussing  their 
special  problems,  and  the  meeting  was  a  most 
enthusiastic  one. 

Miss  Annett  of  the  Washington  Irving  High 
School,  New  York  City,  gave  an  interesting 
paper  on  "Planning  and  equipping  a  high 
school  library."  Miss  Grasty,  of  the  Eastern 
High  School,  Baltimore,  told  of  many  ways  to 
interest  girls  in  good  reading.  Miss  Houghton, 


474 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


of  the  Albany  (N.  Y.)  High  School,  gave  ex- 
cellent suggestions  on  "What  mothers  may  ex- 
pect librarians  to  do  for  pupils  in  the  four 
years  of  high  school."  Miss  Wait,  of  Peddie 
Institute,  Hackettstown,  N.  J.,  gave  hints  on 
guiding  boys  in  their  reading.  Miss  McKnight, 
of  the  Barringer  High  School,  N.  J.,  gave  a 
very  complete  discussion  of  the  topic  "How 
can  we  encourage  the  best  use  of  the  library 
by  the  different  departments  of  the  high 
school?" 

Then  came  a  discussion  of  "The  training  of 
high  school  pupils  in  the  use  of  books."  This 
was  participated  in  by  Miss  Smith,  of  the 
Cleveland  Library;  Miss  Hill,  William  Penn 
High  School,  Philadelphia;  Miss  Mann,  High 
School,  Washington,  D.  C;  Miss  McClelland, 
Passaic,  N.  J. ;  Miss  Ball,  Central  High  School, 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Miss  Hall,  of  the  Girls'  High  School,  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y.,  had  on  exhibition  a  very  complete 
collection  of  book  lists,  pamphlets  on  vocational 
guidance,  illustrated  books,  and  outlines  for 
training  high  school  pupils  in  the  use  of  the 
library. 

The  session  was  closed  by  a  valuable  paper 
from  Miss  Nunn,  of  the  Lewis  and  Clark  High 
School,  Spokane,  Washington,  on  "The  work 
and  needs  of  the  high  school  library." 

NORMAL  SCHOOL  LIBRARIANS 

A  meeting  of  Normal  School  Librarians  and 
of  others  interested  was  held  in  connection 
with  the  American  Library  Association,  June 
26,  1913,  at  2.30  p.m.  Twenty  people  attended, 
eight  of  whom  were  engaged  in  normal  school 
work,  the  others  being  connected  with  high 
school  libraries,  library  training  schools,  state 
librnry  commissions,  and  public  libraries. 

Informal  discussion  on  the  teaching  of  the 
use.  of  the  library  brought  out  the*  following 
points:  This  instruction  should  be  made  an 
integral  part  of  classroom  work  in  the  grades ; 
training  in  the  use  of  simple  reference  books 
should  start  as  early  as  the  fourth  year;  each 
year's  work  should  fit  in  with  that  already 
given.  In  this  connection  the  need  for  a  man- 
ual for  normal  school  students  was  felt,  and 
it  was  suggested  that  perhaps  a  cooperative 
work  could  be  prepared,  tested  out  in  actual 
practice,  and  later  printed.  Attention  was 
called  to  the  revised  pamphlet  on  the  teaching 
of  reference  books  by  Miss  Delia  Ovitz,  State 
Normal  School,  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  price  ten 
cents,  and  to  an  article  in  a  recent  number  of 
the  Southern  Educational  Review,  by  Miss 
Faye,  on  "Instruction  in  the  use  of  the  library 
in  the  normal  schools  of  the  South." 

Courses  in  children's  literature  are  needed 
and  have  proved  their  worth.  Teachers  do  not 
know  this  literature.  A  list  of  books  to  fit  in 
with  the  supplementary  readers  used  in  schools 
was  suggested,  this  list  to  be  prepared  by 
someone  with  wide  outlook  on  both  educa- 
tional and  library  needs. 

It  was  felt  that  greater  publicity  of  the  work 


of  the  school  library  should  be  sought,  espe- 
cially in  national,  state  and  county  meetings 
of  teachers,  institutes,  associations  of  special 
teachers,  state  fairs  and  in  educational  jour- 
nals. 

Plans  for  a  national  meeting  of  school  libra- 
rians each  year  in  connection  with  the  A.  L.  A. 
were  made  and  the  following  committee  was 
appointed  to  plan  for  trie  meeting  in  1914: 
Miss  Ida  M.  Mendenhall,  Tomkins  Cove,  N. 
Y. ;  Miss  Anna  Hadley,  Winsted,  Conn. ;  Miss 
Mary  J.  Booth,  Charleston,  111.  Sectional 
meetings  in  the  east,  middle  west  and  far  west 
for  school  librarians  unable  to  attend  the 
national  meeting  were  urged,  as  the  meeting 
in  Chicago  in  January,  1913,  had  proved  so 
helpful.  MARY  J.  BOOTH,  Secretary. 

PROFESSIONAL   TRAINING  SECTION 

The  meeting  of  the  Professional  Training 
section,  was  held  on  Wednesday  evening,  June 
25,  Mr.  Frank  K.  Walter,  chairman,  presiding. 
After  the  report  of  the  committee  on  methods 
of  publicity,  a  paper  was  read  by  Miss  Mary 
W.  Plumper  on  "Specialization  in  curriculums 
and  grading  in  library  schools." 

Miss  Plummer  called  attention  to  the  in- 
creasing demand  for  specialization  of  training, 
since  even  such  a  basic  subject  as  ^cataloging 
seemed  gradually  becoming  the  province  of  the 
few.  Grading  of  students  according  to  age, 
experience,  and  general  culture  would  help  the 
school,  especially  in  training  competent  ad- 
ministrators—a field  in  which  maturity  counts 
for  much.  Miss  Plummer  felt  that  there  was 
not  yet  sufficient  demand  to  justify  schools  in 
giving  courses  in  engineering,  law,  and  applied 
science  for  "special  libraries'^  work,  ^  but  that 
resources  and  teaching  facilities  might  Avell 
lead  a  school  to  specialize  in  legislative  refer- 
ence or  work  with  children.  As  long  as  posi- 
tions remained  more  or  less  interchangeable  so 
that  the  cataloger  and  reference  assistant 
might  wish  to  change  places  general  training 
would  be  worth  while. 

Miss  Corinne  Bacon,  librarian  of  Drexel  In- 
stitute and  director  of  its  Library  School, 
spoke  on  the  "Cooperation  of  libraries  with 
library  schools." 

After  thanking:  the  libraries  that  are  already 
cooperating  with  the  schools  in  a  way  that 
taxes  severely  their  time  and  patience,  by  al- 
lowing students  to  go  to  them  for  practice 
work,  Miss  Bacon  said  there  are  three  things 
that  the  schools  might  properly  ask  of  the 
libraries:  (i)  Advance  practice  work,  that  is, 
work  in  libraries  prior  to  any  study  of  library 
science.  Though  the  difficulties  in  the  way  are 
great,  this  would  to  a  certain  extent  test  the 
student,  and  would  clarify  her  ideas  about  li- 
brary work.  (2)  Direct  criticism  of  library 
school  methods  and  students.  Librarians  would 
be  doing  a  kindness  by  writing  to  the  school 
from  which  they  hsd  a  trained  assistant  who 
was  lacking  in  ways  that  reflected  on  her 
training,  and  stating  plainly  what  the  defects 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


475 


were.  Under  this  head  Miss  Bacon  answered 
a  few  of  the  criticisms  brought  against  the 
schools.  In  reply  to  the  accusation  that  "the 
schools  almost  inevitably  tend  to  exalt  tech- 
nique and  routine,"  she  said :  "I  do  not  think 
that  we  mean  to  do  this.  W;e  know  that  cul- 
ture and  gumption  are  more  important  than 
any  amount  of  knowledge  of  technique  and 
routine,  but  we  expect  our  students  to  finish 
their  cultural  studies  (so  far  as  such  studies 
can  be  finished)  before  coming  to  us,  and  we 
cannot  teach  gumption.  It  is  heaven-born. 
We  exist  largely  for  the  purpose  of  teaching 
technique  and  routine,  but  never  for  one  mo- 
ment do  we  mean  to  exalt  them  over  the 
weightier  matters  of  the  law." 

(3)  A  living  wage.  It  is  getting  to  be  a 
serious  question  as  to  whether  women  of  abil- 
ity can  afford  to  go  into  library  work.  The 
salaries  of  many  librarians  and  library  assist- 
ants are  barely  sufficient  for  board  and  wash- 
ing. Travel,  even  to  attend  library  meetings, 
book-buying  and  recreation  are  impossible. 
Many  salaries  compare  unfavorably  with  that 
of  the  average  cook. 

The  working-woman  of  to-day  asks  equal 
pay  with  men  for  equally  good  work.  Both 
men  and  women  in  libraries,  if  efficient,  should 
be  paid  that  living  wage  without  which  the 
best  work  is  impossible. 

Discussion  on  both  papers  followed,  show- 
ing plainly  the  interest  awakened  on  each 
topic. 

The  officers  elected  for  the  coming  year  are 
as  follows:  chairman,  Miss  Corinne  Bacon; 
secretary,  Miss  Julia  A.  Hopkins;  program 
committee,  Miss  Mary  W.  Plummer,  Miss 
Alice  Tyler,  Mr.  Frank  K.  Walter. 

AGNES  VAN  VALKENBURGH,  Secretary. 

TRUSTEES'  SECTION 

There  were  present  at  the  conference  a  num- 
ber of  trustees,  especially  noteworthy  being  the 
representatives  from  Canada,  whose  interest  in 
A.  L.  A.  affairs  had  been  awakened  at  the  Ot- 
tawa conference,  and  a  meeting  of  the  Trustees 
Section  was  scheduled  for  Thursday  evening, 
June  26.  It  was  called  to  meet  in  the  second 
dining  room,  rn  obscure  and  ill-lighted  part  of 
the  hotel,  which  discouraged  attendance,  and 
so  few  trustees  found  their  way  there  that  no 
formal  meeting  was  held.  Other  section  meet- 
ings of  special  interest  to  trustees  held  simul- 
taneously al?o  had  their  effect  in  preventing 
full  attendance.  There  was  some  personal  dis- 
cussion among  the  few  present  on  two  topics 
of  especial  interest  to  trustees,  the  application 
of  Civil  Service  rules  to  libraries,  and  library 
budgets,  especially  in  connection  with  commis- 
sion government  of  cities.  The  general  senti- 
ment expressed  here  and  in  many  conversa- 
tions on  these  subjects  was  that  Civil  Service 
reform  methods  should  be  applied  to  libraries, 
library  people  being  in  fact  prominent  among 
Civil  Service  reformers,  but  that  the  rules 
should  have  regard  to  the  special  needs  of 
libraries  and  not  be  merely  a  conventional  ap- 
plication of  municipal  Civil  Service  methods. 


AFFILIATED  ORGANIZATIONS 

AMERICAN  ASSOCIATION  OF  LAW 
LIBRARIES 

THIS  first  session  was  held  June  24,  1913, 
at  8.30  p.m.,  in  the  parlor  of  the  Hotel  Kaaters- 
kill.  The  meeting  was  called  to  order  by 
President  Poole,  28  members  being  present. 
The  address  of  welcome,  which  was  to  have 
been  delivered  by  Mr.  Frank  B.  Gilbert,  of  the 
Department  of  Education  of  New  York  State, 
and  one  of  the  charter  members  of  the  Asso- 
ciation, was  given  in  the  form  of  a  telegram 
from  him,  as  official  business  prevented  his 
leaving  Albany  at  that  time. 

The  president's  address,  which  followed,  out- 
lined the  work  to  be  taken  up  by  the  Associa- 
tion during  the  coming  year. 

The  report  of  the  treasurer,  E.  L.  Whitney, 
was  read  by  Mr.  Redstone,  of  the  Social  Law 
Library  of  Boston.  Then  followed  the  re- 
ports of  the  Executive  Committee,  the  report 
of  the  Committee  on  Legal  Bibliography,  by 
Mr.  A.  J.  Small,  of  the  Iowa  State  Library; 
the  report  of  the  Committee  on  Reprinting 
Session  Laws,  by  Dr.  G.  E.  Wire,  of  Wor- 
cester Co.  (Mass.)  Law  Library;  and  the  re- 
port of  the  Committee  on  Latin  American 
Laws,  by  Mr.  O.  J.  Field,  of  the  Department 
of  Justice,  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  first  round  table  was  held  on  Wednes- 
day, June  25,  at  9.30  a.m.  The  report  of  the 
committee  to  confer  with  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress on  subject  headings  was  given  by  Mr. 
L.  E.  Hewit,  of  the  Philadelphia  Bar  Library. 
A  symposium  on  Architectural  plans  and  fur- 
nishings for  law  libraries  was  participated  in  by 
Messrs.  F.  D.  Colson,  New  York  State  Law 
Library;  Godard,  Connecticut  State  Library; 
Poole,  Association  of  the  Bar  of  the  City  of 
New  York;  Hicks,  of  Columbia  University 
Law  Library;  Schenk,  of  University  of  Chi- 
cago Law  Library ;  and  Hewit,  of  Philadelphia 
Bar  Association  Law  Library. 

At  the  second  session,  Wednesday,  June  25, 
at  2.30  p.m.,  Mr.  F.  D.  Colson  gave  an  account 
of  the  destruction  and  rebuilding  of  the  New 
York  State  Library.  Mr.  F.  G.  Hicks,  of 
Columbia  University  Law  Library,  read  a 
paper  on  "Law  libraries  and  the  public,"  which 
was  followed  by  a  short  talk  on  the  "Massa- 
chusetts system  of  county  law  libraries"  by 
Dr.  G.  E.  Wire,  of  Worcester  County  Law 
Library.  In  the  absence  of  Mr.  A.  C.  Pulling, 
his  paper  on  "Work  in  the  law  library  of  the 
University  of  Minnesota"  was  not  read,  but 
will  appear  in  a  future  number  of  the  Law 
Library  Journal. 

At  the  final  meeting  on  Thursday  a.m.,  reso- 
lutions on  the  death  of  Mr.  Charles  J.  Babbitt, 
of  Boston,  were  read  and  ordered  spread  on 
the  minutes. 

The  report  of  the  Committee  on  Shelf  Clas- 
sification of  Lav;  Text-books  was  given  by 
Miss  Gertrude  E.  Woodard.  Remarks  on  cat- 
aloging and  classifying  law  text-books  in  the 
Library  of  Congress  were  made  by  Mr.  Martel, 
of  the  Library  of  Congress.  Messrs.  Schenk 


476 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


and  Butler  spoke  on  "Increasing  the  efficiency 
of  the  Index  to  Periodicals  and  Law  Library 
Journal."  The  session  closed  with  a  resolu- 
tion by  Mr.  A.  J.  Small,  thanking  each  and 
every  officer  and  member  of  the  Association 
for  contributions  to  its  work,  and  with  a  final 
word  from  Mr.  Butler  urging  all  to  work  for 
the  success  of  the  Index  and  Journal  during 
the  coming  year. 

The  following  are  the  officers  of  the  Law 
Libraries  Association  for  1913-14:  president, 
Franklin  O.  Poole,  Association  of  the  Bar  of 
the  City  of  New  York;  first  vice-president, 
Frederick  W.  Schenk,  Law  Library  University 
of  Chicago;  second  vice-president,  O.  J.  Field, 
Department  of  Justice,  Washington,  D.  C. ; 
secretary,  Miss  Gertrude  Elstner  Woodard, 
Law  Library,  University  of  Michigan,  Ann 
Arbor;  treasurer,  E.  Lee  Whitney,  Vermont 
State  Library,  Montpelier. 

AMERICAN  LIBRARY  INSTITUTE 

The  program  prepared  for  the  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  American  Library  Institute  pro- 
vided for  two  sessions,  one  on  Tuesday  after- 
noon at  2.45,  and  one  on  Wednesday  evening 
at  8  o'clock.  On  the  first  mentioned  day  Pres- 
ident Frank  P.  Hill  was  absent  owing  to  the 
wedding  of  his  daughter  on  that  day,  and  it 
was  decided  to  consolidate  both  sessions  into 
that  scheduled  for  Wednesday  evening.  About 
thirty  members  of  the  Institute  gathered  in 
the  small  parlor,  and  by  special  vote  Mr.  Jast, 
delegate  of  Great  Britain,  was  invited  to  take 
part  in  the  meeting  and  contribute  to  the 
discussions. 

The  first  subject  was  the  "Cost  of  library 
administration,"  which  was  opened  by  a  some- 
what informal  report  from  Dr.  Bostwick  for 
the  committee  appointed  to  consider  that  ques- 
tion. Dr.  Bostwick  reiterated  his  views  that 
by  combining  several  significant  elements  of 
cost  in  an  algebraic  equation,  a  standard  of 
test  might  be  reached  which,  however  provis- 
ional and  indefinite,  would  give  a  better  meth- 
od of  comparison  of  results  than  is  practicable 
from  the  single  standard  systems  more  or  less 
used.  An  interesting  discussion  ensued,  in 
which  Mr.  Wadlin,  himself  a  veteran  statis- 
tician, threw  doubt  on  the  value  of  statistics 
as  usually  made  the  basis  of  comparison  in 
library  work.  Mr.  Henry  J.  Carr  mentioned 
the  conclusions  he  had  reached  from  compar- 
ing statistics  as  to  the  relative  expense  of  sal- 
aries, other  services,  books,  and  so  forth.  Mr. 
Bowker  referred  to  the  fact  that  years  ago  an 
A.  L.  A.  committee  had  presented  a  report  on 
uniform  statistics,  and  suggested  that  a  decimal 
classification  of  library  expense  might  be 
worked  out  which  would  serve  the  purposes 
both  of  large  libraries  and  of  small  libraries 
and  afford  better  basis  for  comparison,  the 
large  libraries  working  out  details,  and  the 
small  libraries  confining  themselves  to  general 
statistics. 

On  the  second  topic,  scheduled  as  "Physical 


efficiency,"  meaning  health  condition  in  library 
staffs,  Dr.  Hill  gave  a  resume  of  the  methods 
and  results  in  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library 
system,  referring  to  the  course  of  health  talks 
recently  given  by  a  sanitary  authority  to  the 
members  of  the  staff,  and  to  the  forty  hours 
system  for  the  working  week,  now  adopted  in 
Brooklyn  as  well  as  in  Manhattan  with  promis- 
ing results. 

The  third  topic,  the  "Need  of  specialization 
in  library  service,"  was  introduced  by  a  paper 
from  Prof.  W.  D.  Johnston,  who  dwelt  upon 
the  importance  of  correlation  among  the  libra- 
ries in  any  particular  locality  as  well  as  among 
librarians  in  general.  His  paper  emphasized 
the  value  of  associated  and  correlated  effort 
and  the  waste  of  efficiency  in  the  contrary  sys- 
tem. Mr.  Jast  made  brief  contribution  to  the 
discussion,  emphasizing  chiefly  the  differences 
between  English  and  American  administration, 
in  statistics  and  in  correlation. 

LEAGUE  OF  LIBRARY  COMMISSIONS 

IOTH    ANNUAL    MEETING 

THE  first  session  of  the  League,  June  25, 
was  devoted  to  a  round  table  on  organizing 
small  libraries.  The  meeting  \vas  called  to 
order  by  the  president,  and  the  discussion  was 
led  by  Miss  Zaidee  Brown,  of  Massachusetts. 
Sixteen  states  were  represented.  Following  is 
the  outline  of  the  discussion: 

1.  Methods  suggested  by  state  organizer  for 
accessioning,   classification,    shelf-listing,   cata- 
loging  (should  it  be  attempted,  should  L.  C. 
cards  be  used?),  loan  system,  and  mechanical 
preparation  of  books. 

2.  Average   time    required    for   above   proc- 
esses, and  average  cost  per  looo  volumes. 

3.  Help  from  local  sources :  volunteers,  paid 
workers,  trustees,  and  neighboring  librarians. 

4.  Kinds  of  supplies  and  cost. 

5.  How  the  organizer  may  interest  the  people 
of  the  town  in  the  library. 

6.  Board  meeting :  budget  and  other  admin- 
istrative problems. 

For  this  discussion,  "small  library"  meant  any 
library  with  less  than  5000  volumes. 

The  second  session,  in  the  evening  of  June 
25,  was  given  to  a  discussion  of  library  work 
in  state  institutions,  particularly  in  prisons  and 
reformatories.  Miss  Julia  A.  Robinson,  super- 
vising librarian  of  state  institutions  in  Iowa, 
made  a  plea  for  better  reading  and  more  of  it 
for  the  inmates  of  state  institutions.  She 
stated  that  the  supervision  of  the  institutions 
libraries  should  be  under  an  official  appointed 
by  the  board  of  control,  as  this  gave  more  au- 
thority than  when  it  was  done  by  an  outside 
agency,  such  as  the  state  library  commission. 
The  library  commissions  can  help  by  bringing 
the  matter  to  the  attention  of  the  heads  of  the 
institutions  and  the  board  of  control.  Miss 
Florence  Curtis,  of  Illinois,  spoke  most  con- 
vincingly of  the  bad  influences  operating  in 
the  prisons,  and  of  the  need  of  education  and 


August,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


477 


suitable  reading  matter,  if  only  for  the  pro- 
tection of  society,  to  which  most  of  the  men 
are  to  return.  She  gave  the  result  of  an  ex- 
amination of  thirty  prison  library  catalogs. 
Miss  Templeton,  of  Nebraska,  followed  with 
an  interesting  paper  on  libraries  in  reform- 
atories, and  what  they  should  contain.  Miss 
Kathleen  Jones,  of  Massachusetts,  read  a  paper 
on  the  beneficial  effect  of  libraries  in  institu- 
tions for  the  insane,  a  field  where  she  has  had 
practical  experience.  Miss  Clark,  of  Auburn, 
N.  Y.,  told  of  the  unsatisfactory  condition  of 
the  prison  libraries  in  that  state,  and  Mr. 
Wynkoop  described  an  effort  to  bring  about 
better  conditions  by  devoting  New  York  Li- 
braries, February,  1913,  to  the  subject  of  libra- 
ries in  state  institutions.  Over  700  copies  of 
this  were  sent  to  trustees  and  officials  of  insti- 
tutions, and  other  persons  of  influence.  Miss 
Curtis  said  that  in  working  for  better  condi- 
tions, it  was  wisest  to  try  to  rouse  the  interest 
and  secure  the  cooperation  of  those  in  au- 
thority, rather  than  to  publish  anything  in  the 
newspapers  that  would  call  attention  to  specific 
bad  conditions  and  thus  antagonize  the  au- 
thorities. Miss  Flexner,  of  the  Louisville  Pub- 
lic Library,  told  of  the  success  of  a  deposit 
station  in  the  county  jail  there. 

At  the  third  session,  held  June  27,  reports 
of  the  following  committees  were  read  and 
approved :  Establishment  of  new  commissions, 
Charter  provisions  for  public  libraries,  Library 
post,  Study  outlines,  Publications.  These  re- 
ports will  be  printed  in  the  A.  L.  A.  Proceed- 
ings. Miss  Martha  Wilson,  of  Minnesota, 
spoke  on  cooperation  with  the  State  Board  of 
Education,  and  was  followed  by  others. 

The  secretary  reported  on  the  League  ex- 
hibit at  the  N.  E.  A.  at  Salt  Lake  City,  consist- 
ing of  charts  illustrating  the  value  of  com- 
mission work.  These  were  prepared  under  the 
direction  of  Mr.  Milam,  of  Indiana.  It  was 
suggested  that  the  incoming  officers  deposit 
them  at  the  A.  L.  A.  headquarters,  that  they 
might  be  readily  available  for  use  elsewhere. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  for  the 
ensuing  year:  president,  Miss  Elizabeth  B. 
Wales,  Missouri ;  first  vice-president,  Matthew 
S.  Dudgeon,  Wisconsin;  second  vice-president, 
Charles  F.  D.  Belden,  Massachusetts;  secre- 
tary-treasurer, Mrs.  Minnie  Clarke,  Budlong, 
North  Dakota. 

ZAIDEE  BROWN.  Ex-secretary. 

SPECIAL  LIBRARIES  ASSOCIATION 

In  looking  back  at  the  fifth  annual  confer- 
ence of  the  Special  Libraries  Association, 
which  has  just  taken  place,  a  few  things  stand 
out  preeminently  as  the  significant  results  of 
that  meeting.  Three  papers,  perhaps,  created 
the  most  important  impressions  of  the  sessions, 
one  of  which  was  the  paper,  reprinted  else- 
where in  this  issue  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  by 
Mr.  N.  C.  Kingsbury,  vice-president  of  the 
American  Telegraph  and  Telephone  Company, 
upon  "The  library — a  necessity  of  modern 


business."  Few  people  realize,  who  have  had 
any  connection  with  the  library  movement,  that 
specialization  has  come  to  mean  what  it  has. 
Almost  no  one  would  have  supposed  that  even 
a  large  public  service  corporation  was  main- 
taining five  distinct  library  collections,  two  at 
least  of  which  are  in  charge  of  trained  libra- 
rians. Those  who  are  interested  to  learn  the 
details  connected  with  the  management  and 
handling  of  these  various  collections  may  do 
so  by  consulting  other  pages  of  this  JOURNAL, 
where  this  paper  is  published  in  full. 

This  conference  is  significant  in  that  this 
Association  has  begun  to  discuss  problems 
which  are  more  or  less  unique  in  special  libra- 
ries. Few  public  libraries  are  forced  to  con- 
sider seriously  in  any  large  way  the  handling 
of  that  obnoxious  (to  some)  class  of  material 
known  as  clippings,  yet  we  fancy  there  can 
hardly  be  found  a  special  library  where  more 
or  less  data  of  this  character  does  not  form  a 
very  important  feature  of  its  work.  The  sec- 
ond session  took  up  in  detail  the  clipping 
question.  The  matter  was  presented  both  from 
the  viewpoint  of  the  clipping  bureau  and  the 
library.  Hon.  Robert  Luce  in  a  very  carefully 
prepared  address  discussed,  under  the  title  "The 
clipping  bureau  and  the  library,"  the  internal 
working  of  the  clipping  bureau  which  bears 
his  name.  Probably  few  librarians  have  real- 
ized the  enormous  volume  of  detail  handled  by 
the  large  clipping  bureau  in  the  course  of  a 
day's  work.  Mr.  Luce  in  his  paper  care- 
fully brought  home  that  fact,  and  urged  that 
many  users  of  material  from  clipping  bureaus, 
and  among  them  librarians,  had  never  learned 
how  to  correctly  judge  results  of  clipping  bu- 
reau service.  This  judgment  should  be  based 
upon  the  mass  result  rather  than  upon  detail. 
An  interesting  description  of  the  method  of 
caring  for  a  collection  of  20,000  or  more  ar- 
ticles of  his  own  proved  an  important  part  of 
the  paper.  A  discussion  of  the  "scrap  book" 
and  its  function  in  the  library  was  also  handled. 
An  earnest  plea  was  made  for  cooperation  on 
the  part  of  the  librarians  ordering  material 
from  the  clipping  bureau.  The  employment  of 
the  clipping  bureau  is  a  step  in  the  line  of  effi- 
ciency. "No  man  accustomed  to  business 
methods  can  fail  to  be  struck  with  the  waste 
therein  due  to  the  employment  of  high  grade 
minds  on  low  grade  work.  When  some  part 
of  the  working  time  of  a  public  servant,  for 
instance,  possessing  intellectual  acumen  is  put 
into  manual  labor  that  can  be  as  well  per- 
formed by  a  youth  without  special  training, 
there  is  economic  loss.  When  your  subor- 
dinates handle  the  scissors  and  the  paste- 
brush,  you  are  paying  them  for  work  that  can 
more  quickly  and  much  more  cheaply  be  done 
in  our  cutting  rooms." 

An  interesting  and  illuminating  discussion 
followed  Mr.  Luce's  paper,  allowing  ample  op- 
portunity for  questions  to  be  asked  which  were 
very  graciously  answered. 

Following  and  supplementing  Mr.  Luce's 
paper,  Mr.  Jesse  Cunningham,  of  the  School  of 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


Mines  and  Metallurgy,  Rolla,  Mo,,  reported  as 
the  clipping  committee  his  investigation  of  the 
use  and  methods  of  handling  and  filing  news- 
paper clippings.  A  very  careful  digest  of  a 
questionnaire  sent  to  over  thirty  selected  libra- 
ries discussed  the  matters  of  obtaining  clip- 
pings by  these  various  libraries,  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  material  for  clipping,  the  service 
rendered  by  the  clipping  bureaus,  classification 
and  methods  of  filing  as  well  as  the  indexing 
and  eliminating  of  dead  material,  closing  the 
report  with  a  discussion  of  the  use  and  value 
of  clippings,  their  disadvantages,  the  purchas- 
ing of  clippings  on  special  subjects,  and  the 
several  conclusions  arrived  at  by  the  commit- 
tee. On  the  whole  a  most  excellent  report 
was  rendered.  A  further  investigation  will 
undoubtedly  confirm  the  several  conclusions 
reached. 

The  third  feature  of  importance  as  the  result 
of  this  convention  was  contained  in  a  paper  by 
Miss  Marie  F.  Lindholm,  which  was  entitled 
"A  review  of  the  chief  sources  of  special  li- 
brary collections."  While  the  author  has  been 
for  some  time  connected  with  a  prominent  pub- 
lic service  commission,  the  very  careful  and 
painstaking  enumeration  of  sources  of  material 
can  but  prove  of  unusual  value  to  almost  any 
special  library  in  the  country.  Under  thirteen 
main  headings  the  paper  treated  of  a  general 
reference  foundation,  reference  sources  of  par- 
ticular value  to  public  service  commission  or 
corporation  libraries,  chief  reference  sources 
for  a  financial  library,  those  for  a  municipal 
reference  library,  current  books  and  special 
reports,  periodicals,  government  and  state  re- 
ports, society  publications,  company  and  trade 
publications,  legislation,  legal  decisions  in  brief, 
manuscripts,  original  records,  blue-prints, 
maps,  etc.,  and  finally  cooperation  in  special 
library  work.  Should  one  about  to  form  a 
library  of  almost  any  character  have  before 
him  this  paper  he  would  without  serious  effort 
gather  about  himself,  without  other  help,  a 
splendid  foundation  upon  which  to  build  his 
immediate  specialty. 

The  report  of  the  secretary-treasurer  dis- 
cussed the  widening  aspects  of  the  Association, 
the  growth  of  its  membership,  both  in  num- 
bers and  in  distribution,  the  financial  condition 
of  the  society,  the  large  number  of  inquiries 
which  had  been  received  by  the  secretary's  of- 
fice, indicating  the  spread  of  the  special  library 
idea,  the  methods  for  advertising  the  Associa- 
tion and  its  activities  which  are  of  interest  to 
the  members,  the  results  obtained  in  the  past 
year  through  the  responsibility  districts  estab- 
lished at  the  beginning  of  Mr.  Handy' s  admin- 
istration, the  value  and  possibilities  of  the  Em- 
ployment Exchange  operated  through  the  sec- 
retary's office,  and  the  contemplated  brochure 
advocated  by  the  Executive  Board  for  placing 
before  interested  parties  the  important  facts, 
such  as  the  Association's  growth,  scope,  pur- 
pose, constitution,  membership,  committees, 
printed  literature  available,  etc. 


Certain  features  of  the  conference  have  com- 
mended themselves  to  those  attending,  such  as 
the  concentration  of  the  program  within  a  given 
number  of  days,  thus  allowing  the  members  to 
attend  for  a  limited  time  without  being  com- 
pelled to  spend  a  week  away  from  busy  offices 
and  pressing  work.  The  very  helpful  and  con- 
structive value  of  bringing  before  our  mem- 
bers those  who  are  not  directly  connected  with 
the  profession,  but  who  are  contributors  from 
the  outside  world  to  its  success,  has  marked 
a  distinct  advance  in  program  formation.  It 
may  perhaps  be  an  open  question  whether 
shorter  programs  with  longer  time  spent  upon 
discussion  of  a  few  leading  papers  might  not 
prove  to  give  more  interesting  discussions 
which  would  offer  a  wider  range  of  ideas. 

In  this  brief  resume  of  the  conference  only 
the  leading  papers  have  been  touched  upon. 
Many  other  interesting  papers  were  presented, 
but  these  will  be  readily  found  in  the  official 
organ  of  the  Association,  copies  of  which  may 
be  obtained  by  applying  to  the  secretary's  office. 
The  titles  of  these  several  papers  have  already 
appeared  in  print  in  several  different  places, 
hence  the  justification  for  omitting  them  here. 

THE  POST  CONFERENCE  TRIP 

Saturday  afternoon,  June  28,  the  post  con- 
ference party  reached  Albany,  the  first  stage 
of  the  trip,  and  found  pleasant  quarters  at 
Hotel  Ten  Eyck.  That  evening  and  the  next 
day  were  spent  by  most  of  the  party  at  the 
State  Library,  where  Mr.  Wyer  and  other 
members  of  the  staff  extended  a  hearty  wel- 
come. There  was  much  beauty  and  utility  to 
admire  in  the  new  Education  Building.  The 
great  reference  room  was  the  special  feature 
that  attracted  attention,  and  particularly  its 
arrangement  of  reading  desks,  which  were 
planned  to  give  convenience  and  privacy  to 
each  student.  The  Library  School  in  its  new 
spacious  quarters  was  exhibited  with  pride  by 
the  staff  and  viewed  by  those  of  the  visitors 
who  were  old  Library  School  students  with 
equal  pride. 

Monday  morning  an  early  start  was  made 
by  a  New  York  Central  train,  which  brought 
the  party  to  the  steamer  landing  at  Old  Forge 
on  the  first  of  the  Fulton  Chain  of  lakes  in 
the  western  part  of  the  Adirondacks.  The 
ride  through  the  Fulton  Chain  to  Eagle  Bay, 
our  headquarters  for  several  days,  was  a  de- 
lightful change  from  the  dusty  train.  After 
dinner  we  explored  the  beautiful  shore  at  Eagle 
Bay,  or  just  rested  and  enjoyed  the  cool,  brac- 
ing air.  The  next  day  we  went  by  train  to 
Raquette  Lake  and  thence  by  steamer  to  the 
head  of  Blue  Mountain  Lake,  where  a  good 
dinner  awaited  us  at  the  Blue  Mountain  Inn. 
Some  of  the  party  climbed  Blue  Mountain,  a 
rather  warm  feat,  as  the  thermometer  stood  in 
the  nineties.  We  retraced  our  way  to  Eagle 
Bay  in  the  cool  of  the  evening,  enjoying  espe- 
cially the  trip  on  Marion  River  through  the 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


479 


forest  and  on  the  primitive  little  railroad  train 
at  the  carry. 

Wednesday  noon  we  started  for  Lake  Placid 
over  a  road  that  ran  through  the  primeval 
forest  and  along  beautiful  lakes  and  streams,  a 
paradise  for  sportsmen  and  tourists.  A  de- 
lay in  train  connections  allowed  us  time  to 
explore  Saranac,  famous  as  a  health  resort. 
Stevenson  once  spent  a  winter  here  in  search 
of  health. 

At  Lake  Placid  Club  we  had  a  cordial  wel- 
come from  Mr.  Dewey  and  Miss  Sharp,  who 
devoted  themselves  to  our  comfort  and  enter- 
tainment for  the  next  four  days.  They  had 
planned  many  delightful  events  for  us,  includ- 
ing tours  to  the  most  interesting  places  in  the 
Adirondacks.  On  Thursday  several  automo- 
bile trips  were  taken  through  the  mountains. 
The  best  were  those  to  Wilmington  High  Falls 
and  Ausable  Chasm  and  thence  down  the  shore 
of  Lake  Champlain  to  dinner  at  the  Westport 
Inn.  The  ride  home  was  through  Elizabeth- 
town,  the  Keene  Valley  and  the  Cascade  Lakes 
region.  This  was  through  a  wild  part  of  the 
mountains,  and  several  accidents  to  tires  lent 
a  variety  to  the  trip  not  on  the  schedule.  A 
council  fire  in  Iroquois  woods  that  night  was 
a  novelty  to  most  of  us.  The  Fourth  was 
celebrated  by  a  competitive  prize  fire  drill  by 
the  club  fire  brigade,  by  sports  both  in  and  on 
Mirror  Lake  by  some  of  the  party,  and  by  a 
tour  of  the  club  property.  Among  the  most 
interesting  parts  of  the  plant  were  the  laundry 
and  the  kitchens.  The  tour  ended  at  the 
Larches,  where  Miss  Sharp,  assisted  by  Mrs. 
Frederick  M.  Crunden,  dispensed  good  cheer. 
That  night  there  was  a  banquet  for  us  at  Lake- 
side and  a  bonfire  on  the  lake  viewed  through 
a  curtain  of  water  from  a  fire  hydrant,  an 
unusual  and  beautiful  spectacle.  On  Saturday 
short  automobile  trips  were  taken  to  interest- 
ing places  around  Lake  Placid,  including  the 
home  and  grave  of  John  Brown,  of  Ossawat- 
tomie,  now  state  property  and  a  shrine  for  his- 
toric pilgrimages.  That  afternoon  we  had  a 
trip  on  Lake  Placid  and  a  picnic  lunch  at 
Moose  Island  in  a  typical  Adirondack  shelter 
fragrant  with  fir  balsam,  boughs.  On  the  trip 
home  in  the  rain  many  beauties  in  the  land- 
scape were  unfolded  as  the  mists  thickened  and 
cleared,  and  just  before  we  landed  a  double 
rainbow  crowned  the  scene  with  radiance.  Sev- 
eral of  the  parry  climbed  Whiteface  that  day 
and,  owing  to  the  rain,  found  it  a  rough  trip. 
A  special  dinner  was  served  that  night  at 
Iroquois  Lodge,  graced  with  the  presence  of 
Mrs.  Dewey.  The  tables  were  lighted  wholly 
by  the  soft  glow  of  candles  in  rustic  candle- 
sticks of  white  birch,  which  were  used  to  light 
our  way  home  through  the  woods,  and  then 
treasured  as  souvenirs  of  a  happy  evening. 
After  dinner  we  gathered  in  the  Iroquois 
council  chamber  and  listened  to  a  graphic 
story  by  Mr.  Dewey  of  the  origin  and  growth 
of  the  Lake  Placid  Cub.  Before  the  party 
broke  up,  the  thanks  and  appreciation  of 
all  for  the  gloriously  good  time  we  had  en- 


joyed at  Lake  Placid  as  Mr.  Dewey's  guests 
were  voiced  by  Mr.  Hill,  Mr.  Thwaites  and 
Miss  Ahern.  Mr.  Jast  brought  a  message  of 
appreciation  from  over  seas  where,  he  said, 
Dewey  was  a  household  word  in  the  library 
world.  All  spoke  in  a  reminiscent  vein,  and 
expressed  the  hope  that  Mr.  Dewey  might 
again  take  active  part  in  library  work. 

On  Sunday  automobiles  carried  the  party 
through  Saranac  to  beautiful  Loon  Lake,  one 
of  the  famous  old-time  Adirondack  .resorts, 
where  we  stopped  for  a  few  minutes,  and  then 
went  on  to  Paul  Smith's,  on  Lower  St.  Regis 
Lake,  perhaps  the  oldest  and  best  known 
Adirondack  hotel.  Here,  as  at  the  Westport 
Inn,  we  were  guests  of  the  proprietor  at  a 
fine  dinner.  The  hotel  also  arranged  a  boat 
trip  for  us  through  the  Lower  St.  Regis,  Spit- 
fire, and  Upper  St.  Regis  Lakes,  where  we  saw 
some  of  the  finest  of  the  Adirondack  camps. 
On  our  way  home  wre  visited  two  famous  san- 
itariums for  the  cure  of  tuberculosis,  the  state 
institution  at  Ray  Brook  and  Trudeau's  Sani- 
tarium, a  private,  endowed  hospital. 

This  day,  which  was  perfect  in  its  sunshine 
and  cool,  bracing  air,  was  the  climax  of  the 
trip.  With  keen  regret  we  gathered  to  bid 
good-bye  to  our  hosts  at  Mrs.  Dewey's  after- 
noon tea.  This  post  conference  will  long  be 
remembered  as  one  of  the  best  of  them  all. 

The  party  broke  up  that  night.  A  few 
stayed  on  for  a  rest  at  Lake  Placid  and  the 
others  took  their  ways  homeward.  Some  jour- 
neyed down  Lake  Champlain  and  Lake  George, 
and  one  stopped  at  Saratoga  to  be  lost  in 
wonder  at  the  huge  hotels,  where  all  the  A. 
L.  A.  might  easily  be  housed  in  comfort  and 
elegance  should  that  body  ever  meet  there. 
J.  G.  MOULTON. 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  A.   L.   A.   POST   CONFEKENCE 
PARTY,    1913 

*Ahern,  Miss  M.  E.,  Chicago. 

Andrews,  Mr.  Clement  W.,  Chicago. 

*Bascom,  Miss  Elva  L.,  Madison,  Wis. 

Blunt,  Miss^  Florence  T.,  Haverhill,  Mass. 

*Broaks,  Miss. 

2  Brown,   Mr.  Charles   H.,  Brooklyn. 

Casamajor,  Miss  Mary,  Brooklyn. 

1  Crunden,  Mrs.  Frederick  M.,  St.  Louis. 

Dickey,  Miss  Helene  L.,  Chicago. 

Dougherty,  Miss  Anna  R.,  Philadelphia. 

Dougherty,   Mr.   Harold  T.,  Pawtucket,  R.  I. 

Dougherty,  Mrs.  Harold  T.,  Pawtucket,  R.  I. 

*Dudgeon,  Mr.  Matthew  S.,  Madison,  Wis. 

Faxon,  Mrs.  Augusta   C,  Boston. 

Faxon,  Mr.  Frederick  W.,  Boston. 

Faxon,  Mrs.  Frederick  W.,  Boston. 

Haynes,  Miss  Frances  E.,  South  Hadley,  Mass. 

Haynes,  Miss  Harriet  T.,  South  Hadley,  Mass. 

"Hill,  Mr.  Frank  P,  Brooklyn. 

*Hill,  Mrs.  Frank  P.,  Brooklyn. 


*  Went      directly      to      Lake      Placid      from      the 
Catskills. 

1  Staying    at    Lake    Placid. 

2  Went  as   far  as   Eagle   Bay  only. 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


*Horton,  Miss  Mabel,  Brooklyn. 
Howe,  Miss  Harriet  E.,  Minneapolis. 
Jast,  Mr.  L.  Stanley,  Croydon,  England. 
Mann,  Mr.  B.   Pickmann,  Washington. 
Mann,  Mrs.  B.   Pickmann,  Washington. 
1  Matthews,  Miss  Mary  E.,  Brooklyn. 
*Morris,   Miss   Louise  R.,  Summit,  N.  J. 
Moulton,  Mr.  John  G.,  Haverhill,  Mass. 
Munroe,  Mis,s  E.  F.,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
Ogden,  Miss  E.  Jane,  Philadelphia. 
Osborn,  Mr.  Lyman  P.,  Peabody,  Mass. 
Osborn,  Mrs.  Lyman  P.,  Peabody,  Mass. 
*  Peters,  Miss  Mary  G.,  Bayonne,  N.  J. 
*Robinson,  Miss  Sylvia,  Brooklyn. 
Selden,    Miss   Elizabeth   C,  Brooklyn. 
Stevenson,  Miss  Luella  M.,  Braddock,  Pa. 
Stewart.  Miss  Rose  G.,  Philadelphia. 
*Thwaites,  Mr.  Reuben  G.,  Madison,  Wis. 
*Thwaites.  Mrs.  Reuben  G.,  Madison,  Wis. 
Tolman,    Miss    Mary   M.,   Manchester,   N.   H. 
"Tweedell,  Mr.  Edward  D.,  Chicago. 
1Tweedell,  Mrs.  Edward  D.,  Chicago. 
Wilson,   Mr.  Halsey  W.,  Minneapolis. 
Wilson,   Mrs.  Halsey  W.,   Minneapolis. 


MISS  PANSY  PATTERSON  ATTENDS 
THE  KAATERSKILL  CONFERENCE 

As  a  bird's-eye  view  of  the  Kaaterskill  con- 
ference, Mr.  Edmund  T.  Pearson,  of  the  Bos- 
ton Transcript,  recounts  Miss  Pansy  Patter- 
son's experiences  thereat  and,  more  especially, 
her  journey  thereto.  Many  a  librarian  will 
admit,  as  she  reads  the  narrative,  that  fiction 
is  less  strange  than  fact. 

"The  selection  of  Miss  Pansy  Patterson  to 
attend  the  national  meeting  of  librarians  in  the 
Catskills  last  week  was  generally  approved  by 
her  associates  in  the  Ezra  Beesly  Free  Public 
Library.  The  trustees  voted  to  give  her  and 
Miss  Bixby,  the  reference  librarian,  leave  of 
absence  to  go  to  the  convention.  Mr.  Van- 
hoff,  the  librarian  (together  with  Mrs.  Van- 
hoff),  would  go,  as  a  matter  of  course,  to 
represent  the  Ezra  Beesly  'officially'  at  the 
meeting.  The  difference  between  going  offi- 
cially and  not  going  that  way  is  that  when 
you  go  officially  you  have  toi  invent  an  excuse 
whenever  you  miss  a  session,  and  any  of  the 
speech-making.  But  when  you  go  unofficially 
you  can  do  just  as  you  like.  Which  is  much 
pleasanter. 

"Of  course,  when  the  lucky  lot  fell  upon 
Miss  Patterson,  who  is  children's  librarian,  and 
Miss  Bixby,  there  was  not  an  entire  absence 
of  comment  amongst  the  library  staff.  Miss 
Carey,  the  head  cataloger,  and  Miss  Burr,  of 
the  circulation  department,  met  (in  the  stack) 
and  lifted  their  eyebrows  a  few  times,  and  ex- 
changed some  acidulous  remarks  on  the  gen- 
eral subject  of  favoritism,  pull  and  politics  in 
library  affairs.  But  Miss  Carey  and  Miss 
.  Burr,  as  everyone  knows,  are  on  the  other 
side  of  the  historic  feud  which  divides  the  Ezra 
Beesly  staff  like  a  yawning  chasm,  and  which 
•dates  back  so  far  that  only  one  or  two  know 


how  it  began.  Some  of  the  older  ones  think 
that  it  had  to  do  with  an  uncatalogd  book 
which  somehow  got  upon  the  shelves  in  the 
winter  of  1899,  the  discovery  of  which  by  Miss 
Bennett  (then  head  of  the  circulation  depart- 
ment), caused  Miss  Manter"(at  that  time  head 
cataloger)  to  go  home  in  tears.  Miss  Manter 
has  long  since  left  the  Ezra  Beesly  (to  teach 
classification  at  the  Philander  University  Li- 
brary School),  but  sides  were  taken  long  be- 
fore she  left,  and  the  division  of  the  staff  into 
pro-Manters  and  anti-Manters  is  rigorously 
maintained  even  to  this  day. 

"So  Miss  Carey's  and  Miss  Burr's  private 
and  perfunctory  objections  had  little  weight. 
They  had  no  right  to  complain,  as  a  matter 
of  fact,  for  both  of  them  had  been  given  sim- 
ilar privileges  in  the  past — Miss  Carey  went  to 
the  Ottawa  meeting  last  year,  and  Miss  Burr 
to  the  one  at  Mackinac,  still  earlier.  Most  of 
the  staff  were  pleased  that  Miss  Patterson 
should  have  the'  chance.  It  was  no  new  thing 
to  Miss  Bixby,  who  has  attended  half  a  dozen 
meetings,  but  the  children's  librarian  was  in  a 
flutter. 

"She  read  and  reread  the  complicated  di- 
rections issued  by  the  association  oq  how  to 
get  to  the  place  of  meeting,  and  had  only  com- 
mitted one  method  to  memory  to  find  at  the 
end  that  this  method  was  unadvisable.  The 
whole  thing  seemed  very  confused  to  her,  but 
she  relied  on  Mr.  Vanhoff.  Then  the  librarian 
was  detained,  by  illness  in  his  family,  so  she 
and  Miss  Bixby  set  out  by  themselves.  Miss 
Bixby  was  a  rather  irresolute  traveler,  but  she 
had  a  kind  of  faith  that  they  would  get  there 
somehow.  Both  of  them  trustfully  accepted 
the  assurances  of  those  in  power  that  it  is  only 
on  lonely  mountain  peaks  or  in  deserts  vast 
that  the  American  Library  Association  can 
meet  evermore.  It  is  desirable,  it  seems,  for 
the  librarians  to  have  a  hotel  to  themselves, 
and  it  must  be  a  big  hotel,  ready  to  hold  five 
to  twelve  hundred  people.  Such  are  not  to  be 
found  in  the  haunts  of  men,  so  each  year  the 
mere  feat  of  getting  to  the  meeting  promises 
to  become  one  requiring  greater  hardihood,  one 
approaching  nearer  and  nearer  to  the  voyages 
of  Captain  Cook — or,  perhaps,  of  Dr.  Cook. 

"Well,  they  toiled  and  suffered,  they  changed 
from  boat  to  train,  and  from  train  to  other 
kinds  of  train,  and  from  them  to  what  the 
folk  of  Switzerland  call  'funiculars/  and  the 
New  Yorkers  term  'escalators/  they  experi- 
enced curious  sensations  in  the  eardrums  as 
in  a  balloon  ascent,  when  they  were  pulled  up 
the  side  of  a  promising  young  mountain,  and 
then  they  changed  again  to  omnibuses,  horse 
or  motor  propelled,  and  traversed  a  road  rich 
in  'thank-you-ma'ams/  and  finally  landed  be- 
fore a  vast  edifice  which  Daniel  Webster  de- 
clared to  be  the  most  architecturally  classic  and 
up-to-date  hotel  in  America.  The  view,  they 
were  told,  would  be  immense,  when  the  clouds 
had  rolled  away. 

"Here  they  found  many  librarians,  who  had 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


481 


strange  tales  to  tell.  Some  gathered  around 
the  snapping  and  crackling  fires  (in  the  gas- 
jets)  and  whispered  in  frightened  voices  of 
other  librarians  who  had  spent  fearful  hours 
sitting  in  the  peristyle  (and  some  in  the  hypo- 
stile)  waiting  for  the  hotel  to  open.  Others 
spoke  of  famous  librarians  reduced  to  living 
upon  corned  beef  and  cabbage,  of  which  the 
cabbage  was  good,  but  the  corned  beef  only 
indifferent.  Some  breathed  bitter  curses 
against  things  in  general,  declaring  that  the 
clouds  which  now  and  then  drifted  in  at  the 
open  door  had  come  to  rest  in  the  medulla 
oblongata  of  the  management.  Others  thought 
that  everything  was  as  well  as  could  be  ex- 
pected, and  reminded  their  impatient  col- 
leagues that  it  is  not  always  easy  to  satisfy  the 
crowd  in  the  opening  days  of  a  library. 

"Miss  Patterson  began  by  going  to  the  meet- 
ings with  regularity  .  .  .  After  a  day  or  two 
she  found  that  one  meeting  a  day  was  enough 
to  keep  her  well  informed  and  inspired.  So 
she  explored  the  limited  area  in  which  there 
was  level  walking,  learned  the  customs  of  the 
country,  and  learned  to  pronounce  the  place 
Korterskill.  She  investigated  the  curious  brick- 
red  flowers  which  grew  nearby,  and  which 
looked  like  arnica  with  a  sun  burn.  She  picked 
so  much  mountain  laurel  that  it  became  a  drug. 
She  gazed  with  awe  upon  half  a  dozen  men 
whose  names  she  had  heard  many  times.  When 
she  was  actually  introduced  to  one  or  two  of 
them  she  found  that  they  usually  had  some 
semblance  of  humanity,  and  that  they  did  not 
ask  her  how  she  would  catalog  the  Kalevala, 
or  what  was  the  best  bibliography  of  electrical 
engineering.  Of  course  she  attended  faith- 
fully the  meetings  of  those  especially  interested 
in  juvenile  library  work 

"Mr.  Gooch  told  her  that  it  was  a  pretty 
fair  library  meeting,  and  that  about  nine  hun- 
dred people  were  there  at  one  time  or  another, 
in  spite  of  the  inconvenience  of  the  situation. 
He  said  that  there  was  nothing  about  the  pro- 
gram to  set  the  river  on  fire,  but  that  there 
was  an  increased  amount  of  attention  paid  to 
special  libraries,  municipal  reference  libraries, 
legislative  reference  libraries,  collections  of 
books  for  business  men,  and  other  things  of 
the  sort,  which  showed  that  librarians  are 
waking  up. 

"The  clouds  did  roll  away  at  last,  on  Satur- 
day, June  28,  the  last  day  of  the  meeting,  and 
Miss  Patterson  had  to  admit  that  the  view  was 
all  that  the  most  exacting  could  desire.  She 
got  home  last  Monday,  and  some  time  next 
winter  she  will  doubtless  give  the  local  library 
club  her  impressions  of  the  meeting." 

State  OUbrarp  Commission* 


MARYLAND  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  COMMISSION 

Through  the  courtesy  of  the  Enoch  Pratt 
Free  ^  Library  of  Baltimore  City,  the  Maryland 
Public  Library  Commission  held  its  first  round 
table  at  that  library  on  June  12,  1913,  for  the 
librarians  of  the  small  libraries  of  the  state. 


Eleven  libraries  were  represented,  seven  of 
them  from  outside  the  city  of  Baltimore.  The 
representative  of  each  library  gave  a  report  of 
the  progress  of  the  library.  One  library  at 
Elk  Ridge  reported  that  it  owed  its  establish- 
ment to  the  demand  for  reading  created  by 
one  of  the  commission's  traveling  libraries. 
This  library  was  opened  the  middle  of  May 
1913,  by  the  young  lady  who  had  acted  as  libra- 
rian for  the  traveling  library.  She  and  her 
brother  have  fitted  up  a  room  in  their  own 
house  as  a  reading  room,  and  have  gathered 
from  their  friends  one  hundred  and  fifty  vol- 
umes. The  room  is  well  patronized  already, 
and  the  young  people  who  used  to  frequent  the 
railroad  platform  now  may  be  found  in  the 
reading  room  interested  in  the  books  and  mag- 
azines. The  boys  of  the  town  are  now  gather- 
ing wood  for  next  winter's  use  in  heating  the 
room. 

The  small  libraries  in  Maryland  have  been 
established  by  private  individuals,  who  have 
given  and  are  still  giving  time,  efforts  and 
money  toward  the  support  of  the  libraries.  It 
was  interesting  and  encouraging  to  hear  of  the 
progress  the  libraries  have  made  and  the  good 
they  are  doing  with  limited  means.  The  small 
libraries  of  the  state  are  all  young,  not  many 
more  than  five  years  old,  and  yet  two  of  the 
youngest  (one  at  Princess  Anne,  three  years 
old,  and  another  at  Prince  Frederick,  only  six 
months  old)  are  each  contemplating  the  pur- 
chase of  a  building. 

MARY  P.  FARR, 
Field  Secretary  and  Library  Organiser. 

State  %ibrart>  associations 

PACIFIC  NORTHWEST  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

The  fourth  annual  conference  of  the  Pacific 
Northwest  Library  Association,  held  in  Ta- 
coma,  Wash.,  June  12-14,  was  attended  by  a 
gratifying  number  of  librarians  from  all  parts 
of  the  Northwest,  two  even  making  the  long 
trip  from  the  province  of  Alberta.  With  the 
exception  of  brief  sectional  conferences  held 
by  the  representatives  of  Oregon,  Washington, 
and  British  Columbia,  respectively,  the  sessions 
were  all  general. 

The  Association  was  formally  welcomed  to 
Tacoma  on  the  evening  of  the  I2th  by  the  Rt. 
Rev.  F.  W.  Keator.  After  the  response  by  the 
president,  Mr.  E.  O.  S.  Scholefield,  the  speaker 
of  the  evening  was  introduced — Prof.  Walter 
G.  Beach,  of  the  Department  of  Sociology  of 
the  University  of  Washington.  In  a  thought- 
ful and  inspiring  address  on  "Opportunity  and 
social  action"  Prof.  Beach  showed  how  the 
conditions  of  modern  life  demanded  social  as 
opposed  to  individual  effort,  and  emphasized 
the  fact  that  librarianship,  more  than  most  pro- 
fessions, offered  the  opportunity  for  right  so- 
cial action. 

On  the  following  day  two  general  sessions 
were  held,  the  state  conferences  took  place,  and 
visiting  librarians  were  given  a  delightful  auto 


482 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


trip  by  the  citizens  of  Tacoma.  The  general 
topic  at  the  morning  session  was  "Library  ex- 
tension work."  Miss  Cornelia  Marvin,  of  the 
Oregon  Library  Commission,  acted  as  leader, 
and  outlined  briefly  the  various  forms  of  li- 
brary extension  work  now  being  carried  on 
through  state,  county,  and  township  systems. 
She  then  called  in  turn  upon  three  Oregon 
county  librarians  to  outline  the  work  in  their 
localities.  Miss  Corinne  Metz  spoke  for  Wasco 
county,  Miss  Delia  Northey  for  Hood  River, 
and  Miss  Nelly  Fox  for  Multnomah.  Their 
reports  were  listened  to  with  great  interest  by 
all  present.  In  the  discussion  that  followed, 
Mr.  Herbert  Killam,  head  of  the  Traveling 
Library  Department  of  British  Columbia,  spoke 
of  the  extreme  difficulty  of  doing  successful 
work  in  western  Canada,  owing  to  the  scat- 
tered population  and  poor  transportation.  It 
was  also  brought  out  that  the  legislature  of 
the  state  of  Washington  had  passed  a  county 
library  law  at  its  last  session,  thus  making 
possible  an  extension  of  work  in  many  local- 
ities. Miss  Annabel  Porter,  head  of  the  loan 
department  of  the  Tacoma  Library,  closed  the 
session  with  a  paper  on  deposit  stations. 

Mrs.  Josephine  Corliss  Preston,  state  super- 
intendent of  education  for  Washington,  who 
was  to  have  taken '  up  the  problem  of  rural 
school  libraries  at  this  session,  was  unable  to 
be  present  until  the  following  day,  when  she 
spoke  earnestly  of  the  need  of  better  library 
management  for  the  rural  schools,  and  invited 
the  cooperation  of  all  present  in  plans  which 
the  state  department  of  education  was  making 
for  the  betterment  of  rural  school  conditions. 

The  evening  session  was  devoted  to  the  con- 
sideration of  the  library  and  the  municipality. 
In  taking  the  chair,  Mr.  Judson  T.  Jennings, 
of  the  Seattle  Library,  spoke  of  the  work  of 
the  A.  L.  A.  committee  on  municipal  relations, 
and  called  on  Mr.  Hopper,  of  Tacoma,  for  an 
abstract  of  a  former  paper  on  library  finance. 
The  status  of  the  library  in  a  commission  form 
of  government  was  ably  presented  by  Mr. 
George  W.  Fuller,  of  the  Spokane  Library. 
Mr.  Dubois  Mitchell,  of  the  Seattle  Library, 
spoke  thoughtfully  and  wittily  on  municipal 
reference  work,  and  Miss  Mary  Frances  Isom, 
of  Portland,  in  a  delightfully  written  paper, 
showed  how  conditions  in  western  cities  de- 
manded the  development  of  the  social  center 
idea  in  libraries. 

The  last  session  was  held  on  Saturday  morn- 
ing with  the  small  library  as  the  general  topic. 
It  was  conducted  by  Miss  Eliza  E.  Townsend, 
of  the  Spokane  Library.  Two  trustees  from 
the  Hoquiam  (Wash.)  Public  Library,  Mrs. 
J.  S.  McKee  and  Mr.  Frank  Lamb,  kept  their 
audience  in  a  gale  of  merriment  with  their 
descriptions  of  the  duties  of  the  trustee.  Mr. 
Lamb  emphasized  the  point  that  the  library 
should  avoid  being  a  literary  censor.  Miss 
Grace  E.  Switzer,  of  Bellingham,  presented  the 
problem  of  the  budget  in  an  illuminating  man- 
ner. Mr.  William  D.  Wilson,  manager  of  the 


book  department  of  the  Lowman  and  Han  ford 
Co.,  spoke  of  book-buying  from  the  bookman's 
point  of  view,  and  Mr.  Charles  H.  Compton,  of 
the  Seattle  Library,  urged  the  use  of  free  pub- 
lications on  the  part  of  small  libraries. 

The  Association  went  on  record  as  favoring 
a  revision  in  the  parcel  post  law.  It  also 
passed  a  resolution  calling  to  the  attention  of 
library  boards  the -advisability  of  making  pos- 
sible the  attendance  of  their  librarians  at  fu- 
ture conferences. 

Among  the  visitors  who  took  part  in  the 
discussions  were  representatives  from  the 
Washington  State  University  and  the  state  de- 
partment of  education,  and  Mr.  John  H.  Wil- 
liams, author  of  "The  mountain  that  was 
God." 

The  following  officers  were  elected:  presi- 
dent, Mr.  Franklin  F.  Hopper,  Public  Library, 
Tacoma,  Wash. ;  first  vice-president,  Mr, 
George  W.  Fuller,  Spokane  Public  Library, 
Spokane,  Wash.;  second  vice-president,  Mr. 
Herbert  Killam,  Provincial  Library,  Victoriar 
B.  C;  secretary,  Miss  Delia  Northey,  County 
Library,  Hood  River,  Ore.;  treasurer,  Mr.  M, 
H.  Douglass,  State  University  Library,  Eugene, 
Ore.  LUCILE  F.  FARGO,  Secretary. 

RHODE  ISLAND  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Rhode  Island 
Library  Association  was  held  June  19,  as  the 
guests  of  the  Westerly  Public  Library. 

Mr.  Joseph  L.  Peacock,  librarian,  met  the 
guests  and  escorted  them  to  the  library  build- 
ing through  the  beautiful  Wilcox  Park,  which 
adjoins  the  library. 

The  morning  session  was  called  to  order  at 
10.30  by  the  president,  Mr.  Harold  T.  Dough- 
erty. 

Mr.  Charles  Perry,  president  of  the  board 
of  trustees,  graciously  welcomed  the  members, 
and  gave  a  brief  sketch  of  the  development  of 
the  town  and  library  since  a  previous  visit  of 
the  association  in  June,  1905. 

The  first  speaker  was  Dr.  Walter  E.  Ranger, 
commissioner  of  public  schools,  who  spoke  upon 
"The  relation  between  the  library  and  the 
school."  Dr.  Ranger  said  the  library  stands 
distinctively  for  education,  and  is  the  chief 
factor  in  education  as  far  as  adults  are  con- 
cerned. He  expressed  great  esteem  for  the 
work  of  the  librarians  in  the  state,  and  in 
closing  said  that  Rhode  Island  people  as  a 
state  had  assumed  the  responsibility  for  the 
uplift  and  betterment  of  the  coming  genera- 
tions, morally,  intellectually,  spiritually  and 
socially. 

Mr.  Frank  O.  Draper,  superintendent  of 
schools  in  Pawtucket,  spoke  on  "The  public 
library  an  integral  part  of  education."  Mr. 
Draper  suggested  that  Rhode  Island  librarians 
exert  themselves  to  copy  the  extension  work 
carried  on  by  the  larger  libraries  in  the  larger 
cities,  quoting  the  wide  field  covered  by  the 
Chicago  Public  Library. 

The  business  of  the  association  closed  the 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


483 


morning  session.  The  annual  report  of  the 
secretary  was  read,  and  the  treasurer's  report 
showed  $8.47  on  hand.  The  report  of  the  nom- 
inating committee  resulted  in  the  election  of 
the  following  officers  and  committees  :  president, 
Harold  T.  Dougherty,  Deborah  Cook'  Sayles 
Public  Library,  Pawtucket;  first  vice-president, 
William  D.  Goddard,  Naval  War  College,  New- 
port; second  vice-president,  Joseph  L.  Pea- 
cock, Westerly  Public  Library ;  secretary,  Miss 
Edna  D.  Rice,  Deborah  Cook  Sayles  Public 
Library,  Pawtucket;  recorder,  Miss  Margaret 
B.  Stilwell,  John  C£rter  Brown  Library,  Prov- 
idence; treasurer,  Laurence  M.  Shaw,  Provi- 
dence Public  Library.  Executive  committee: 
Miss  Bertha  H.  Lyman,  Providence  Public  Li- 
brary; Miss  Grace  F.  Leonard,  Providence 
Athenseum;  Miss  Ida  F.  Bridgham,  East 
Providence  Centre  Public  Library.  Committee 
on  relations  with  the  State  Board  of  Educa- 
tion :  Herbert  O.  Brigham,  Rhode  Island  State 
Library,  Providence ;  Harry  L.  Koopman,  John 
Hay  Library,  Providence;  Mrs.  Mary  E,  S. 
Root,  Providence  Public  Library. 

Mention  was  made  of  the  work  done  in 
Washington  county  by  the  late  John  F.  Kelly, 
and  Mr.  Ethan  Wilcox  brought  forward  the 
following  resolution,  which  was  acted  upon : 

Resolved,  That  the  Rhode  Island  Library 
Association  desires  to  express  its  sincere  ap- 
preciation and  gratitude  for  the  work  of  the 
late  John  F.  Kelly,  and  Resolved,  that  the 
Rhode  Island  Library  Association  recognizes 
the  value  of  the  work  accomplished  by  the  late 
Mrs.  Ruth  M.  Smith,  of  North  Scituate.  and 
Resolved,  that  this  action  be  placed  on  record. 

After  announcements  concerning  the  day's 
outing  by  Mr.  Peacock  the  morning  session 
was  dismissed. 

A  special  electric  conveyed  the  party  to 
Weekapaug  Inn,  where  a  tempting  dinner  was 
served  by  Mr.  F.  C.  Buffum,  proprietor.  Mrs. 
Buffum  presented  the  company  with  a  souvenir 
menu  and  program,  which  was  much  appre- 
ciated by  the  members. 

In  an  after  dinner  address  Mrs.  A.  V. 
Phelps,  of  Westerly,  entertained  with  a  read- 
ing on  "The  influence  of  the  modern  novel." 
From  Hawthorne  to  the  author  of  "Queed" 
the  writer  sketched  with  lieht  but  firm  touch  a 
series  of  illuminated  silhouettes  of  fiction 
writers  of  our  country,  and  placed  them  with 
unfailing  discrimination  in  proper  light  Her 
judgment  hung  the  portraits  of  Hawthorne, 
Howells,  NornX  Mrs.  Deland,  Sara  Jewett, 
and  Henry  Sydnor  Harrison  on  "the  line" 
which  time  would  not  displace. 

The  afternoon  was  spent  in  a  delightful  trip 
to  Watch  Hill,  returning  to  Westerly  about 
5-30.  Supper  was  served  at  the  Calvary  Bap- 
tist Church,  and  at  7  o'clock  the  meeting-  was 
again  called  to  order,  when  Mr.  Ethan  Wilcox, 
librarian  emeritus  of  the  Westerly  Public  Li- 
brary, gave  an  interesting  historical  sketch  of 
the  library  from  1700,  when  it  was  a  parochial 
institution  located  in  Newport,  to  the  present 


day,   now  housed    in   the   beautiful   memorial 
building  with  a  most  enviable  future. 

Miss  Alice  Lee  Tolman,  of  the  Deborah 
Cook  Sayles  Library,  Pawtucket,  next  gave  a 
brief  but  interesting  outline  of  the  recent  meet- 
ing of  the  Massachusetts  Club,  held  at  Wil- 
liamstown  May  23-26.  She  reviewed  the  schol- 
arly address  of  Dr.  Philip  Moxon,  of  Spring- 
field, on  "The  educated  man." 

The  principal  address  of  the  evening  was 
given  by  Mr.  George  S.  Godard,  librarian  of 
the  Connecticut  State  Library,  on  "The  func- 
tions of  a  library."  Mr.  Godard  said  that 
life  means  three  things :  occupation,  education 
and  recreation,  and  that  when  growth  ceases 
decay  begins.  To  the  library  we  look  for  a 
complete  education,  and  it  is  man's  school 
room. 

Seventy  members  of  the  association  enjoyed 
the  day's  outing  and  program. 

EDNA  D.  RICE,  Secretary. 


%tbrar$  Clubs 


BAY    PATH    LIBRARY    CLUB 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Bay  Path  Library 
Club  was  held  in  Leicester  Public  Library, 
June  12. 

After  a  business  meeting  Rev.  Frederick 
Kenyon  Brown  (Al  Priddy),  of  Southwick, 
spoke  on  "The  human  interest  factors  in  Mas- 
sachusett's  industrial  situation."  He  told  of 
the  deplorable  conditions  in  nearly  all  mill 
towns,  particularly  among  textile  workers,  and 
how  these  conditions  affected  the  American 
people.  A  discussion  of  new  books  followed, 
conducted  by  Mrs.  Grace  M.  Whittemore,  li- 
brarian, Hudson. 

The  subject  of  the  afternoon  was  "The  li- 
brary and  school  as  mutual  helpers."  The 
speakers  were  Mr.  George  Rugg,  principal, 
Quinsigamond  School,  Worcester,  and  Miss 
Florence  Wheeler,  librarian,  Leominster.  Mr. 
Rugg  gave  some  useful  suggestions  to  libra- 
rians, and  Miss  Wheeler  described  her  work 
with  the  Leominster  schools.  A  discussion 
followed,  conducted  by  Dr.  Louis  N.  Wilson, 
librarian,  Clark  University. 

The  following  officers  were  elected :  presi- 
dent. Mrs.  Clara  A.  Fuller,  Oxford;  hon.  vice- 
president,  Miss  M.  Anna  Tarbell,  Brimfield; 
vice-presidents,  Miss  Emily  M.  Haynes,  Wor- 
cester; Miss  Mary  D.  Thurston,  Leicester; 
secretary,  Miss  Winnifred  S.  Farrell,  Brook- 
field;  treasurer,  Mrs.  Grace  M.  Whittemore, 
Hudson. 

WINNIFRED   S.  FARRELL,  Secretary, 

SOUTHERN    TIER   LIBRARY   CLUB 

The  eighth  annual  meeting  of  the  Southern 
Tier  Library  Club  was  held  with  the  Public 
Library  at  Bainbridge,  N.  Y.,  Wednesday  and 
Thursday,  May  21-22,  1913. 

The  first  session  convened  on  Wednesday 
morning  at  11.15  o'clock,  the  president,  Miss 


484 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


Kate  S.  Peck,  of  the  Binghamton  Public  Li- 
brary, presiding.  The  address  of  welcome  was 
given  by  Dr.  Danforth,  of  Bainbridge,  and  the 
response  by  the  president.  The  reports  of  the 
secretary  and  treasurer  were  presented  and 
adopted ;  committees  on  the  nomination  of  offi- 
cers and  on  resolutions  were  appointed  and 
some  minor  matters  of  business  transacted, 
after  which  the  meeting  adjourned  until  2  p.m. 

The  afternoon  session  was  called  to  order 
at  2  o'clock,  the  president  in  the  chair. 

The  first  topic  was  "The  story  hour,"  by 
Mrs.  Kate  D.  Andrew,  librarian  of  Steele  Me- 
morial Library,  Elmira,  N.  Y.  Mrs.  Andrew 
told,  in  a  very  interesting  and  impressive  man- 
ner, two  stories  to  a  grade  of  30  children  from 
the  Bainbridge  Public  School,  and  held  their 
close  attention  throughout  the  period.  After 
the  stories  she  spoke  for  a  few  moments  upon 
the  value  of  story  telling  in  library  work. 

The  next  topic  was  an  address,  "The  forma- 
tive influence  of  books,"  by  Ivan  T.  Smith, 
director  of  School  of  Letters  in  the  Elmira 
Reformatory.  Mr.  Smith  demonstrated  very 
clearly,  by  letters  which  he  read  from  the  pu- 
pils in  the  school  in  reply  to  questions  which 
had  been  asked  them  along  the  line  of  the 
topic,  the  importance  of  the  library  as  an  edu- 
cational factor  in  the  work  of  the  reformatory. 
The  discussion  which  followed  this  topic  was 
led  by  Wl  F-  Seward,  of  Binghamton,  and 
was  participated  in  by  a  number  of  others. 

Wednesday  evening  session  convened  at  8 
o'clock  in  the  Town  Hall,  where  a  large  au- 
dience assembled  and  listened  to  a  very  in- 
structive and  entertaining  address  upon  the 
topic  "Helping  young  people  to  help  them- 
selves," by  William  F.  Seward,  librarian  of 
the  Public  Library,  Binghamton,  N.  Y.  After 
the  address  a  reception  was  tendered  the  vis- 
itors by  the  Bainbridge  Library,  where  light 
refreshments  w ere  served  and  a  very  pleasant 
social  hour  was  enjoyed. 

The  Thursday  morning  session  was  called 
to  order  promptly  at  9  o'clock  by  the  president. 

Address,  "Public  documents,"  Frank  K.  Wal- 
ter, M.A.,  vice- director  New  York  State  Li- 
brary School,  Albany,  N.  Y.  Mr.  Walter  gave 
a  very  interesting  and  instructive  address,  and 
suggested  many  practical  ways  in  which  public 
documents  may  be  made  more  useful  to  the 
small  library. 

"Library  problems,"  conducted  by  Miss  N. 
Louise  Ruckteshler,  librarian  of  the  Guern- 
sey Memorial  Library,  Norwich,  N.  Y.,  was 
a  very  instructive  and  profitable  discussion 
of  some  of  the  problems  which  confront  the 
small  library,  and  was  participated  in  by  all 
the  librarians  present. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  for  the 
ensuing  year:  president,  J.  W.  Livingston, 
Peck  Memorial  Library,  Marathon ;  vice-presi- 
dent, Miss  Helen  M.  Johnston,  Public  Library, 
Binghamton;  secretary,  Miss1  N.  Louise  Ruck- 
teshler, Guernsey  Memorial  Library,  Norwich ; 


treasurer,  Ivan  T.   Smith,  director  School  of 
Letters,  Elmira  Reformatory,  Elmira,  N.  Y. 

There  were  30  representatives   from   17  li- 
braries present.    This  was,-  without  doubt,  the 
best  meeting  in  point  of  attendance,   interest 
and  enthusiasm  which  the  club  has  ever  held. 
J.  W.  LIVINGSTON,  President. 

Xibrarg  Scboote  anfc  Uratnfng 
Classes 

NEW    YORK   STATE    LIBRARY   SCHOOL 

Scheduled  work  for  the  regular  school  closed 
Saturday,  June  21,  to  permit  students  to  attend 
the  annual  conference  of  the  A.  L.  A.  Sum- 
mer school  work  was  also  suspended  June  26- 
27  for  the  same  reason. 

Recent  visiting  lecturers  have  been  as  fol- 
lows: 

May  21.    Miss  Jane  H.  Crissey,  Book  repairing. 
May  23.    Mr.  Royal  B.  Farnum,  Artistic  bul- 
letins. 
June  4-20.    The  course  in  Work  with  children, 

under  the  general  direction  of  Miss  Clara  W. 

Hunt,  assisted  by  Mrs    Edna  Lyman  Scott 

and  Miss  Ethel  P.  Underbill. 
June  7.    Mr.  A.  W.  Abrams,  Visual  instruction. 
June  13.    Mr.  A.  L.  Bailey,  Binding  of  fiction 

and  juveniles. 
June  21.    Miss  Mary  G.  Peters,  A  library  in  an 

industrial  town. 

The  junior  students  have  been  completing 
their  practice  work  by  serving  as  substitute 
evening  assistants  in  the  general  reading  room 
of  the  State  Library. 

Venice  A.  Adkins,  '12-'  13,  will  begin  work 
as  assistant  in  the  New  York  Public  Library, 

July  i. 

Clara  V.  Barber,  'i2-'i3,  goes  to  the  Utica 
Public  Library  July  23  as  general  executive 
assistant. 

Bolette  L.  Christiansen,  'i2-'i3,  has  been  ap- 
pointed assistant  in  the  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary, and  will  begin  her  work  there  Oct.  T. 

William  N.  Daniells,  '13,  has  been  appointed 
assistant  in  the  government  documents  room 
of  the  New  York  Public  Library. 

Alice  M.  Dougan,  '12.  will  leave  the  catalog- 
ing staff  of  the  New  York  State  Library  July  i 
to  become  head  cataloger  at  Purdue  University 
Library,  Lafayette,  Ind. 

Edith  N.  Grout,  '13,  has  been  appointed  desk 
assistant  at  Vassar  College  Library,  and  will 
begin  her  work  in  the  fall. 

D.  Ashley  Hooker,  B.L.S.  '12,  has  been  ap- 
pointed assistant  reference  librarian  at  the  John 
Crerar  Library,  Chicago. 

Annabel  A.  Hulburd,  'o6-'o7,  resigned  her 
position  with  the  North  Dakota  University 
Library  and  is  now  engaged  as  temporary  cat- 
aloger at  the  University  of  Illinois  Library. 

Martha  C.  Kessel,  'i2-'i3,  has  been  engaged 
as  reference  assistant  at  the  Grinnell  College 
Library,  and  will  begin  her  work  in  September. 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


485 


Zulema  Kostomlatsky,  '12-' 13,  has  taken  a 
position  in  the  Carnegie  Library  at  Pittsburgh, 
and  during  the  summer  will  have  charge  of 
the  Mt.  Washington  branch  library. 

Helen  Proudfoot,  'i2-'i3,  has  been  appointed 
assistant  in  the  Des  Moines  Public  Library. 

Bessie  B.  Scripture,  'i2-'i3,  goes  to  Columbia 
University  Library  Aug.  I  as  assistant  in  the 
catalog  department. 

Bertha  E.  Wood,  '11-12,  has  resigned  her 
position  at  Wesleyan  University  Library,  Mid- 
dletown,  Conn.,  and  will  go  to  Middlebury 
College  Sept.  I  as  cataloger. 

The  following  juniors  have  taken  temporary 
positions  for  the  summer:  Verne  Bowles, 
Mabel  Clark,  Lucretia  Vaile  and  Rollin  A. 
Sawyer,  Jr.,  at  the  New  York  Public  Library; 
Amy  Cowley  and  Povl  F.  V.  Slomann,  at  the 
Newark  (N.  J.)  Free  Public  Library;  Eliza- 
beth Lowry,  at  the  Carnegie  Library,  Pitts- 
burg;  Mary  U.  Rothrock,  at  the  Cossitt  Li- 
brary, Memphis,  Tenn. 

George  G.  Champlin,  B.L.S.  '95,  assistant 
reference  librarian,  New  York  State  Library, 
delivered  an  address  on  "The  place  of  the 
library  in  the  community"  at  the  dedicatory 
exercises  of  the  new  Carnegie  Library  of  Al- 
fred University,  June  5. 

The  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Library  Science 
has  been  conferred  on  the  following  fourteen 
present  and  former  students  during  the  past 
school  year.  In  several  cases  the  conferring 
of  the  degree  has  been  delayed  because  of  the 
non-completion  of  the  required  bibliography  or 
community  study.  George  Edward  Wire,  '89; 
Anne  Elizabeth  Draper,  '03;  Mary  Herbert 
Davis,  '09;  Martha  Winkley  Suter,  '10;  Geor- 
gia Benedict,  '12;  and  the  following  members 
of  the  class  of  1913:  Leslie  Edgar  Bliss,  Wil- 
liam Nathaniel  Daniells,  Eva  Wing  Graves, 
Edith  Nellie  Grout.  Willard  Potter  Lewis, 
Charles  Flowers  McCombs,  Mary  Prescott 
Parsons,  Raymond  Lowrey  Walkley,  and  Har- 
old Leslie  Wheeler. 

More  than  150  present  and  former  students 
attended  the  Kaaterskill  meeting  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
Every  class  was  represented  at  the  annual 
dinner.  The  New  York  State  Library  School 
Association  elected  the  following  officers  for 
the  year  1913-14:  president,  Bessie  Sargeant 
Smith;  ist  vice-president,  Lois  Antoinette 
Reed;  2d  vice-president,  George  Franklin, 
Story;  secretary-treasurer,  Harriet  R.  Peck; 
executive  committee:  Margaret  A.  McVety, 
William  F.  Yust,  Jesse  Cunningham;  member 
of  advisory  committee,  1913-16,  Robert  K. 
Shaw. 

ALUMNI    NOTES 

Allen,  Amy,  B.L.S.  '12,  will  leave  the  Cleve- 
land Public  Library  to  become  head  cataloger 
of  the  library  of  the  University  of  West  Vir- 
ginia. 

Dougan,  Alice  M.,  '12,  of  the  New  York 
State  Library,  has  been  appointed  head  cat- 
aloger of  the  Purdue  University  Library,  and 
will  begin  work  in  her  new  position  Aug.  i. 

Edwards,   Eleanor,    1911-12,   will   go  to  the 


Silas  Bronson  Library,  Waterbury,  Conn.,  as 
cataloger,  Oct.  i. 

Gilbert,  G.  Winifred,  1912-13,  will  spend  a 
year  as  assistant  in  the  Steele  Memorial  Li- 
brary, Elmira,  N.  Y. 

Holmes,  Florence  L,  B.L.S.  '12,  has  been 
obliged,  for  family  reasons,  to  resign  as  as- 
sistant in  the  New  York  State  Library. 

Marquand,  Fanny  K,  B.L.S.  '10,  is  principal 
instructor  in  the  McGill  University  summer 
school. 

Matthews,  Gertrude,  1910-11,  was  married 
June  10  to  Charles  S.  Motisher,  of  Albany, 

Willard,  Ruth,  1911-12,  has  been  appointed 
cataloger  to  the  Iowa  State  Library  Commis- 
sion. Miss  Willard  will  also  assist  in  the  li- 
brary organization  work. 

SUMMER    SCHOOL 

After  an  interruption  of  two  years,  due  pri- 
marily to  the  Capitol  fire  of  1911,  the  annual 
summer  course  was  resumed  this  year  (June  4- 
July  18).  For  several  administrative  reasons, 
no  extensive  advertising  was  done,  as  condi- 
tions would  have  made  the  admission  of  a 
large  class  impracticable.  Twenty  students  in 
all  were  admitted. 

The  course  was  general,  the  more  important 
subjects  extending  over  the  entire  six  weeks. 
The  special  feature  was  an  arrangement  by 
which  the  regular  school  course  in  Work  with 
children,  given  by  Miss  Clara  W.  Hunt,  Mrs. 
Edna  Lyman  Scott  and  Miss  Ethel  P.  Under- 
bill, was  open  to  the  summer  school  students 
as  well.  In  spite  of  several  obvious  disadvan- 
tages of  such  an  arrangement,  there  were  also 
marked  advantages. 

A  summary  of  the  course  with  the  number 
of  lectures  in  each  subject  follows: 
Classification  (n).    Miss  Hawkins. 
Subject  headings  (7).     Miss  Hawkins. 
Cataloging  (12).     Miss  Fellows. 
Reference  (8).     Mr.  Walter. 
Public  documents   (3).     Mr.  Wyer. 
Bibliography  (6).     Mr.  Biscoe,  Mr.  Walter. 
Work  with  schools  (5).     Miss  Mary  E.  Hall, 
Miss    Ida   Mendenhall,    Dr.    Sherman    Wil- 
liams. 
Selection  of  books  (n).    Miss  Eastwood,  Mr. 

Walter. 
Work  with  children   (13).     Miss  Hunt,  Mrs. 

Scott,  Miss  Ethel  P.  Underhill. 
Miscellaneous  subjects:  (i  lecture  each)  Ac 
cession  (Miss  Fellows)  ;  Loan  (Miss  Haw- 
kins) ;  Shelf  work  (Miss  Fellows)  ;  Book- 
buying  (Miss  Elizabeth  M.  Smith)  ;  Book- 
binding (A.  L.  Bailey) ;  Book  repairing 
(Miss  Jane  Crissey)  ;  The  library  in  an  in- 
dustrial town  (Miss  Mary  G.  Peters)  ;  Mak- 
ing the  library  count,  Local  history  for  the 
small  library  (Miss  Caroline  Webster)  ;  Vis- 
ual instruction  (A,  W.  Abrams)  ;  The  edu- 
cational extension  division  (W.  R.  Watson)  ; 
Study  clubs  and  traveling  libraries  (Miss 
Betteridge). 

A  list  of  those  in  attendance,  with  their  li- 
braries, follows: 


486 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


LIST   OF   STUDENTS 

Benham,  Mrs.  Margaret  E.,  Niagara  Falls,  N. 
Y.    assistant,  Niagara  Falls  Public  Library. 
Darrow,  Helen  W.,  Greenfield  Center,  N.  Y., 
assistant  librarian,   Skidmore   School,   Sara- 
toga Springs,  N.  Y. 

Dean,  Florence  M.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  assistant, 
Brooklyn  Public  Library. 

Dwyer,  Winifred  G.,  Bayonne,  N.  J.,  assistant 
Bayonne  Free  Public  Library. 

Franke,  Helena  C ,  Bound  Brook,  N.  J.,  libra- 
rian, Bound  Brook  Free  Public  Library. 

Goeppinger,  Eva  C,  South  Norwalk,  Conn., 
assistant.  South  Norwalk  Public  Library. 

Grant,  Agnes  M.,  Detroit,  Mich.,  assistant, 
Detroit  Public  Library. 

Gunter,  Lillian,  Gainesville,  Tex.,  librarian, 
Gainesville  Public  Library. 

Hatfield,  Addie  E.,  Oneonta,  N.  Y.,  principal 
and  librarian,  Center  St.  Training  Depart- 
ment, State  Normal  School,  Oneonta. 

Herber,  Elizabeth  R.,  Bayonne,  N.  J.,  chief, 
Children's  and  Bindery  Departments,  Bay- 
onne Free  Public  Library. 

Hutchenrider,  Rose,  Waco,  Tex.,  assistant, 
Waco  Public  Library. 

Knodel,  Emma,  Irvington-on-Hudson,  N.  Y., 
librarian  (elect),  Guiteau  Library,  Irving- 
ton-on-Hudson. 

Loring,  Nano  G.,  Owego,  N.  Y.,  assistant  li- 
brarian, Coburn  Free  Library,  Owego. 

Lowenstein,  Nina  H.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  assist- 
ant, Brooklyn  Public  Library. 

Masterson,  F.  Adele,  Goshen,  N.  Y.,  librarian, 
Goshen  Library  and  Historical  Society. 

Miller,  Louise  V.,  Dobbs  Ferry,  N.  Y.,  libra- 
rian, Dobbs  Ferry  Free  Library. 

Robinson,  Louise  V.,  Naples,  Me.,  librarian 
(partial  work  only),  Naples  Public  Library. 

Royall.  Rebecca,  Cleburne,  Tex.,  librarian, 
Carnegie  Library,  Cleburne. 

Sill,  Mary  Gertrude,  Cohoes,  N.  Y.,  substitute, 
Troy  (N.  Y.)  Public  Library. 

Wood,  Grace  I.,  Cleburne,  Tex.,  first  assistant, 
Carnegie  Library,  Cleburne. 

F.  K.  WALTER. 

PRATT  INSTITUTE  SCHOOL    OF   LIBRARY 
SCIENCE 

A  new  course  of  three  lectures  on  the  "So- 
cial institutions  of  the  community"  was:  given 
to  the  class  in  June  by  Miss  Hopkins,  of  the 
school  faculty.  Two  lectures  were  given  by 
Miss  Anna  Tyler,  of  the  Children's  Depart- 
ment of  the  New  York  Public  Library,  on 
"Bulletin  making"  and  "Story-telling." 

This  year  for  the  first  time  the  Library 
School  has  taken  part  in  the  annual  exhibition 
of  the  Institute,  its  exhibition  taking  the  form 
of  the  visual  presentation  of  the  course  and  of 
the  technical  processes  of  library  work.  The 
exhibition  proved  to  be  so  unusual  and  of 
such  interest  that  many  librarians  from  the 
three  boroughs  came  to  see  it.  Believing  that 
an  account  of  the  exhibition  might  be  of  in- 
terest to  a  wider  audience  than  the  readers  of 
these  Library  School  notes,  an  account  of  it 


has  been  prepared  for  publication  in  the  reg- 
ular columns  of  the  JOURNAL. 

The  alumni  supper  was  held  in  the  Art  Gal- 
lery of  the  library  this  year.  About  eighty 
graduates  were  present,  and  it  was  strictly  a 
family  affair.  Addresses  were  made  by  the 
members  of  the  school  faculty  and  by  repre- 
sentatives of  the  classes  of  1891  and  1892,  also 
of  1893  and  1903,  who  celebrated  their  tenth 
and  twentieth  anniversaries.  These  talks  were 
interspersed  by  songs  which  were  adapted  for 
the  Library  School  from  the  Pratt  song-book 
by  Miss  Honians,  the  secretary  of  the  library. 

The  class  of  1913  graduated  23  members  at 
the  Institute  commencement  on  June  16.   Mem- 
bers of  the  class*  have  received  the  following 
positions : 
Florence  A.  Adams,  librarian  of  the  Polytechnic 

Preparatory  School,  Brooklyn. 
Mabel   H   Balston,   substitute,   Pratt  Institute 

Free  Library,  summer  1913. 
Mabel  Bogardus,  assistant,  New  York  Public 

Library. 

Marguerite  Burnett,  cataloger,  Provincial  Li- 
brary, Victoria,  B.  C. 
Sarah    Caldwell,    student   children's    librarian, 

Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Adeline  M.  Cartwright,  instructor  in  reference 
work,  Ontario  Summer  School ;  student  chil- 
dren's librarian,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Harriet  S.   Dutcher,  substitute,   reference  de- 
partment, Carnegie  Library,  Pittsburgh,  Pa., 
July  to  October. 
Margaret  Hickman,  librarian,  Public  Library, 

Red  Wing,  Minn. 
Mary  E.  Hoover,  student  children's  librarian, 

Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Mabel  E.  Jettinghoff,  first  assistant,  Carnegie 

Library,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Caroline  L.  Jones,  assistant,  Y.  W.  C.  A.  Li- 
brary, Brooklyn. 
Elin  Lindgren,  assistant,  Pratt  Institute  Free 

LibrRry. 

Olive   Mayes,   children's  librarian,   Public  Li- 
brary, Ft.  Worth,  Texas. 
Jacqueline  Noel,  librarian,  Public  Library,  La 

Grande,  Ore. 
Mary  A.  Randall,  student  children's  librarian, 

Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Helen   V.    Stelle,   librarian,   Botanical   Garden 

Library,  Brooklyn  Institute  Museum. 
Margrete  Thunbo,  cataloger,  Yale  University 

Library. 
Lena   G.   Towsley,   assistant,   children's   room, 

Pratt  Institute  Free  Library. 
Edith  K.  Van  Eman,  assistant,  Carnegie  Li- 
brary, Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Pratt  Institute  Library  School  announces  the 
following  appointments  from  the  class  of  1913 : 
Miss  Marguerite  Burnett  goes  to  Victoria, 
B.  C.,  as  cataloger  in  the  Provincial  Library. 

Miss  Margaret  Hickman  is  to  be  librarian 
of  the  Public  Library  at  her  home  in  Red 
Wing,  Minn. 

Miss  Mabel  E.  Jettinghoff  is  to  be  first  as- 
sistant in  a  branch  of  the  Pittsburgh  Public 
Library. 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


487 


Miss  Caroline  L.  Jones  is  to  be  assistant  in 
the  library  of  the  Young  Women's  Christian 
Association  of  Brooklyn. 

Miss  Jacqueline  Noel  has  been  appointed  to 
the  librarianship  of  the  Public  Library  at  La 
Grande,  Ore.,  succeeding  Miss  Marion  L. 
•Cowell,  class  of  1908. 

JOSEPHINE  ADAMS  RATHBONE, 

Vice-director. 

SUMMER  SESSION,   UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 
LIBRARY    SCHOOL 

The  third  summer  session  opened  June  16 
and  ended  July  25,  1913.  The  principal  in- 
structors were  Miss  Ethel  Bond  and  Mr.  E.  J. 
Reece,  members  of  the  Library  School  fac- 
ulty. Miss  Edith  H.  Ford,  B.L.S.,  1913,  was 
reviser.  Miss  Louise  Bateman,  children's  li- 
brarian of  the  Oak  Park  Public  Library,  con- 
ducted the  course  in  library  work  for  chil- 
dren^ giving  nine  lectures.  Miss  Eugenia 
Allin,  organizer  of  the  Illinois  Library  Ex- 
tension Commission,  gave  three  lectures,  and 
had  personal  conferences  with  the  students. 

Special  lectures  were  given  as  follows: 
Books  on  community  and  rural  life,  by  Miss 
Florence  Curtis;  Local  history  material,  by 
Dr.  Solon  J.  Buck;  Literature  of  sociology, 
;by  Dr.  A.  J.  Todd ;  Bibliography  of  political 
science,  by  Dr.  J.  A.  Fairlie ;  Books  on  nature 
study  and  out-door  life,  by  Dr.  Ruth  Mar- 
shall ;  Literature  of  comparative  religion  and 
modern  religious  movements,  by  Rev.  Albert 
R.  Vail;  Standard  English  fiction,  by  Dr. 
Daniel  Dodge;  Contemporary  fiction,  by  Dr. 
Daniel  Dodge ;  Books  for  teachers  and  parents, 
1>y  Dr.  L.  D.  Coffman;  and  Books  on  food 
and  sanitation,  by  Dr.  Otto  Rahn. 

Of  the  2i   students  registered,  twelve  were 
from  Illinois   libraries;   the  other  nine  came 
from  five  other  states.     The  names  follow: 
Elizabeth    Ballard,    librarian,    Ida    Public    Li- 
brary, Belvidere,  111. 

Mary  L.  Blackwell,  University  of  Illinois  Li- 
brary, Urbana,  111. 

Mrs.  Lucy  Burleson,  librarian,  South  West 
Texas  State  Normal  School,  San  Marcos. 
Texas. 

Alice  G.  Estill,  Public  Library,  Clyde,  Ohio. 
Pearl  E.  Feddersen,  branch  librarian,  Chicago, 

Jessie  L.  Ferguson,  Lake  Forest,  111. 

Ida  L.  Gehrig,  assistant  librarian,  Public  Li- 
brary, Pekin,  111. 

Mrs.  Pearl  Hedges,  Vanderbilt  University 
Medical  Library,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Irene  M.  Henderson,  librarian,  University  Li- 
brary, Ottawa,  Kansas. 

Elizabeth  Hester,  Ohio  Wesleyan  University 
Library,  Delaware,  Ohio. 

Mary  E.  Hewes,  assistant  librarian,  Public 
Library,  Winnetka,  111. 

Mary  W.  James,  librarian,  Allerton  Library, 
Monticello,  111. 

Lillian  Kent,  assistant  librarian,  Clinton  Pub- 
lic Library,  Clinton,  111. 

Jane  Kitchell,  Public  Library,  Vincennes,  Ind. 

Helen  A.  Means,  Public  Library,  Lebanon,  Ind. 


Leota  Price,  Public  Library,  Lebanon,  Ind. 

Minnie  J.  Simons,  librarian,  Flagg  Township 
Public  Library,  Rochelle,  111. 

Beulah  Sites,  Mt.  Carmel  Public  Library,  Mt, 
Carmel,  111. 

Mabel  Sprague,  Moody  Bible  Institute,  Chi- 
cago, 111. 

Mrs.  Nora  K.  Weems,  librarian,  Public  Li- 
brary, Sherman,  Texas. 

Lucy  E.  Willard,  Cairo  Public  Library,  Cairo, 
Hi. 
Visits  were  made  to  the  Champaign  Public 

Library  and  to  a  printing  shop  and  bindery. 

The  students  attended  a  number  of  the  public 

general  lectures  given  in  connection  with  the 

Summer  Session  of  the  University. 

P.  L.  WINDSOR,  Director. 

LIBRARY  SCHOOL    OF   THE    UNIVERSITY    OF 

WISCONSIN 

The  closing  weeks  of  the  school  were  busy 
ones,  with  important  courses  to  finish.  Ex- 
aminations followed  the  completion  of  each 
course.  The  following  additional  lectures  have 
been  given  before  the  school  since  the  last 
report : 
Rural  extension  in  Indiana,  Mr.  Carl  H. 

Milam. 

Publicity  for  support,  Mr.  Milam. 
Library  and  school,  Mrs.  Mary  Bradford,  su- 
perintendent of  schools,  Kenosha,  and  former 
president  of  Wisconsin  State  Teachers'  As- 
sociation. 
Some   unemphasized  phases   of  library  work, 

Dr.  A.  S.  Root. 
Cooperative  marketing,  Mr.  Charles  J.  Brand, 

U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Work  of  a  publishing  house,  Mr.  J.  D.  Phil- 
lips, head   of   the   Educational   Department, 
Hpughton  Mifflin  Co. 

Criticism  of  picture  bulletins.  Miss  Ida  M. 
Cravath,  supervisor  of  drawing,  Madison 
public  schools. 

School  duplicate  collections,  Miss  Mary  A. 
Smith,  librarian,  Madison  Free  Library. 
The  closing  exercises  took  place  Thursday 
evening,  June  12.  President  Van  Hise  made  a 
brief  address  recognizing  the  students  as  a 
part  of  the  graduating  class  of  the  University 
of  Wisconsin.  The  commencement  address 
was  given  by  Richard  Lloyd-Jones,  editor  of 
the  Wisconsin  State  Journal.  He  spoke  in  an 
illuminating  way  from  his  experience  with  a 
variety  of  libraries  and  of  his  conclusions  re- 
garding them.  He  urged  the  students  to  real- 
ize their  opportunity  for  usefulness,  to  make 
their  libraries  a  source  of  inspiration  to  all 
whom  they  serve;  to  seek  at  all  times  to  give 
help  and  to  avoid  checking  their  activities  with 
an  over-abundance  of  method  and  library  "red 
tape."  Miss  Hazeltine  presented  the  class  to 
Mr.  Dudgeon,  who  as  director  of  the  school 
gave  the  charge,  emphasizing  the  need  of 
knowing  people  as  well  as  books  to  be  success- 
ful in  the  library  profession. 

The  rooms  had  been  decorated  by  the  junior 
class  with  wild  roses,  ferns  and  peonies.  Fol- 
lowing the  presentation  of  diplomas  an  in- 


488 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


formal  reception  was  held  in  the  foyer  and 
school  rooms  for  the  students  and  several 
hundred  invited  guests. 

Of  the  32  graduates,  21   have  positions   at 
commencement  and  others  are  pending      The 
list  follows: 
Susan    G.    Akers,    librarian,    Department    of 

Physical  Education,  Wellesley  College. 
Nora   Beust,    Training    course    for    children's 

librarians,  Cleveland  Public  Library. 
Lura    E.    Brubaker,    assistant    cataloger,    Des 

Moines    (Iowa)    Public  Library. 
Kathleen   Calhoun,   assistant,   Edmonton    (Al- 
berta, Canada)   Public  Library. 
Mrs.    Louise    R.    Craig,    assistant,    Cleveland 

Public  Library. 

Agnes  W.  Dickerson,  head  of  Legislative  Ref- 
erence Bureau,  Historical  Library,  Helena, 
Mont. 

Frances   C.   Dukes,  assistant,   Cataloging  and 
Reference     Department,     Cincinnati     Public 
Library. 
Mary  A.   Egan,   librarian,   Marshfield    (Wis.) 

Public  Library. 

Florence  M.  Fisher,  assistant,   Children's  De- 
partment, Brooklyn  Public  Library. 
Freda   M.    Glover,   children's   librarian,   Boise 

(Idaho)  Public  Library. 

Helen    D.    Graves,    assistant,    Cataloging   and 
Reference     Department,     Cincinnati     Public 
Library. 
Winnifred  Hardy,  librarian,  Raymond  (Wash.) 

Public  Library. 
Marion  Humble,  instructor  and  field  assistant, 

Wisconsin  Free  Library  Commission. 
Mrs.  Jessie  L.  Luther,  librarian,  Antigo  (Wis.) 

Public  Library. 
Lynne     Malmquist,    librarian,    Two    Harbors 

(Minn.)   Public  Library. 
Edith  L.  Mattson,  assistant,  Evansville  (Ind.) 

Public  Library. 
Mary  B.  Nethercut,  librarian,  Rockford  (111.) 

College  Library. 

Anna  I.   Rowe,   assistant,    Children's    Depart- 
ment, Brooklyn  Public  Library. 
Lavina  Stewart,  assistant,  Library  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  North  Dakota. 

Lucy  E.  Thatcher,  acting  librarian  for  summer 
session,  Whitewater  (Wis.)  State  Normal 
School. 

Gladys  E.  Turner,  assistant,  Detroit  (Mich.) 
Public  Library. 

Miss  Van  Buren,  connected  with  the  school 
and  field  visitor  for  the  Commission  during 
the  last  two  years,  has  resigned  her  position  to 
take  up  civic  work  with  the  American  Civic 
Association.  The  best  wishes  of  the  faculty 
and  students  are  expressed  for  her  success  in 
this  new  work,  but  with  regret  that  she  is  to 
sever  her  connections  with  the  school. 

Miss  Bascom's  election  to  the  staff  of  the 
Commission  makes  her  a  member  of  the  in- 
structional department.  In  connection  with  her 
supervision  of  the  book  selection  work  of  the 
state,  she  will  conduct  the  course  in  this  sub- 
ject in  the  school. 


Miss  ImhofFs  resignation  as  assistant  libra-* 
rian  of  the  Legislative  Reference  Library  af- 
fects the  school,  since  she  was  instructor  in 
public  documents.  She  will  be  greatly  missed. 

SCHOOL    NOTES 

A  number  of  social  pleasures  made  the  last 
few  weeks  memorable. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dudgeon  entertained  the  fac- 
ulty and  students  at  their  home  on  the  evening 
of  May  13.  A  dramatic  reading  of  Bernard 
Shaw's  "Arms  and  the  man"  was  given  by 
some  of  the  students  with  the  assistance  of 
Mr.  Ewing,  Dr.  Thwaites  and  Prof.  Beatty. 

On  Memorial  day  Miss  Imhoff  and  Mrs. 
Campbell  invited  the  class  to  spend  the  day  at 
their  summer  cottage  on  Lake  Mendota.  Fol- 
lowing the  inspection  of  the  Traveling  Library 
Department,  Miss  Stearns  conducted  her  an- 
nual "Field  exercises"  with  the  class,  an  event 
which  is  eagerly  awaited.  On  Saturday,  June 
7,  Miss  Turvill  entertained  the  faculty  and 
students  at  a  picnic  supper  at  her  country 
home.  Miss  Frederickson,  a  Madison  member 
of  the  class,  very  pleasantly  entertained  the 
faculty,  alumni  and  her  classmates  at  a  tea 
the  afternoon  preceding  the  commencement 
exercises. 

ALUMNI    NOTES 

Mary  F.  Sheriff,  '08,  was  married  May  7  to 
Mr.  Charles  M.  McCoy,  of  Butte,  Mont.  Her 
position  in  the  Historical  Library  at  Helena 
will  be  filled  by  Agnes  Dickerson,  '13. 

Lilly  M.  E.  Borresen,  '10,  resigned  as  libra- 
rian of  the  Two  Harbors  (Minn.)  Public  Li- 
brary to  become  field  librarian  for  the  South 
Dakota  Library  Commission.  She  is  suc- 
ceeded by  Lynne  Malmquist,  '13. 

Anna  B.  Skinner,  '10,  has  been  elected  libra- 
rian of  the  Boise  (Idaho)  Public  Library,  and 
will  resign  her  position  in  the  Rockford  (111.) 
College  Library  at  the  close  of  the  school  year.. 
The  latter  position  will  be  filled  by  Mary  B. 
Nethercut,  '13. 

Blanch  Unterkircher,  '10,  has  been  appointed 
to  the  librarianship  of  the  Superior  (Wis.) 
Public  Library.  Her  former  position  as  libra- 
rian of  the  Marshfield  (Wis.)  Public  Library 
has  been  offered  to  Mary  A.  Egan,  '13. 

Nell  Fawcett,  '12,  has  been  elected  librarian 
of  the  Oskaloosa  (Iowa)  Public  Library. 
Since  her  graduation  she  has  been  cataloger  in 
the  Cedar  Rapids  (Iowa)  Public  Library. 

Gertrude  Richardson,  '12,  was  married  June 
14  to  Mr.  Austin  Angell,  of  Wheaton,  111. 

MARY  EMOGENE  HAZELTINE,  Preceptor. 
SIMMONS    COLLEGE   LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

In  the  cataloging  course  an  innovation  will 
be  made  in  1913-14  which,  it  is  thought,  will 
keep  the  instruction  in  very  close  touch  with 
the  most  modern  practice. 

One  of  the  ideas  in  planning  the  curriculum 
for  several  years  past  has  been  to  have  enough 
full  time  instructors  to  insure  the  necessary 
continuity  and  coordination  in  the  work,  but 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


489 


beyond  that  to  try  to  attach  to  the  staff,  not 
for  occasional  lectures,  but  for  extended 
courses,  specialists  who  are  in  active  work  in 
well-known  libraries,  "exchange  professors,"  as 
it  were. 

The  course  in  documents,  for  instance,  is 
given  by  the  state  librarian,  history  of  libraries 
by  the  librarian  of  one  of  the  most  historic  li- 
braries in  America,  children's  work  by  the 
head  of  that  department  in  the  Boston  Public 
Library,  while  the  Cutter  classification  is 
taught  by  a  librarian  who  uses  it  daily  in  her 
own  library. 

This  year  the  same  plan  will  be  extended 
to  the  cataloging  course.  The  college  counts 
itself  most  fortunate  to  have  been  able  to  se- 
cure the  services  of  Miss  Theresa  Hitchler  for 
this  work.  Through  the  courtesy  of  the 
Brooklyn  Public  Library,  she  will  be  on  leave 
of  absence  from  her  position  as  head  of  the 
catalog  department  in  the  Brooklyn  Public  Li- 
brary for  the  second  term  of  the  college  year, 
during  which  period  cataloging  will  be  made  a 
major  in  most  of  the  classes. 

While  cataloging  is  less  a  fetish  than  in  the 
early  days  of  library  schools,  a  proper  knowl- 
edge of  it  is  likely  to  remain  a  necessary  back- 
bone of  an  adequate  course  in  library  science, 
essential  alike  to  those  who  become  catalogers 
and  to  those  whose  work  falls  in  other  depart- 
ments. 

With  Miss  Hitchler's  authoritative  knowl- 
edge of  theoretic  cataloging  and  her  experience 
in  adapting  it  to  a  great  library  system,  a 
course  will  be  planned  which  will  emphasize 
accuracy,  consistency  and  flexibility,  with  the 
object  of  producing  women  capable  of  doing 
very  full  cataloging,  and  discriminating  enough 
to  understand  when  not  to  do  it. 

The  department  regrets  the  loss  of  Miss 
Isabella  Cooper,  who  has  accepted  an  offer 
from  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library. 

The  courses  in  reference  and  book  selection 
will  be  carried  in  part  by  Miss  Donnelly.  An- 
nouncement will  be  made  later  of  further  addi- 
tions to  the  staff. 

The  department,  in  bidding  farewell  to  the 
director  who  developed  it,  feels  its  obligation 
to  continue  a  sturdy  growth,  and  the  new 
chairman  feels  that  it  will  be  a  source  of 
strength  to  the  administration  that  she  had 
the  pleasure  of  serving  under  Miss  Robbins. 

On  June  11,  1913,  Simmons  College  gave  the 
B.L.S.  degree  to  the  following  young  women 
from  the  Department  of  Library  Science :  Ida 
Elizabeth  Adams,  Helen  Almy,  Edith  Ashmore, 
A.B.,  Mabel  Flora  Barnum,  A.B.,  Frances 
Henrietta  Bickford,  A.B.,  Clara  Perry  Briggs, 
A.B.,  Edith  May  Burrage,  A.B.,  Florence  Hat- 
tie  Butterick,  A.B.,  Esther  Susan  Chapin.  Alice 
Ward  Chase,  A.B.,  Hilda  Annie  Combe,  Mabel 
Eaton,  A.  B.,  Helen  Jaques  Elliot,  A.B.,  Mar- 
gery Winnifred  Feighner,  A.B.,  Annie  Eliza- 
beth Hanvood.  Caira  Douglass  Hawkes,  A.B., 
Alice  Lucile  Hopkins,  A.B.,  Frances  Nelda 
Huelster.  Effie  Almira  Keith,  A.B.,  Jessie 


Louise  Knpwlton,  A.B.,  Helen  Luitwieler, 
A.B.,  Georgiana  Lunt,  A.B.,  Isabel  Helen  Mac- 
Carthy,  Eva  Earnshaw  Malone,  Louise  Betty 
Nissen,  Florence  May  Osborne,  A.B.,  Annabel 
Porter,  Sadie  St.  Clair,  Rose  Sherman,  A.B., 
Blanche  Howard  Smith,  A.B.,  Mildred  Hope 
Starrett,  Laura  Margaret  Stealey,  A.B.,  Vera 
Stiebel,  A.B.,  Elizabeth  Thurston,  Madge  Flor- 
ence Trow,  Edna  Adella  Wells,  Florence 
Archer  Wescott,  A.B.,  Doris  Eleanor  Wilber. 
JUNE  RICHARDSON  DONNELLY. 

LIBRARY   TRAINING   SCHOOL   CARNEGIE 
LIBRARY  OF  ATLANTA 

The  third  term  of  the  school  opened  on 
Monday,  March  26.  Mrs.  Scott's  course  of 
lectures  on  Children's  work  and  story  telling, 
which  was  scheduled  to  begin  on  that  day, 
had  to  be  postponed  until  the  end  of  the  week, 
as  Mrs.  Scott  was  on  a  train  detained  by 
the  floods  in  Indiana.  The  course,  however, 
was  given  as  planned,  Mrs.  Scott  staying  in 
Atlanta  for  two  weeks. 

The  class  as  a  whole  attended  the  four 
meetings  of  the  Georgia  Library  Association, 
which  were  held  in  Atlanta  from  April  28  to 
30.  The  illustrated  lecture  by  Mr.  Bostwick, 
explaining  the  St.  Louis  Public  Library  sys- 
tem, was  given  in  the  assembly  room  of  the 
Carnegie  Library.  The  morning  sessions  were 
held  in  the  library  school  room,  while  the  Col- 
lege and  Reference  session  was  held  in  the 
library  of  the  Georgia  School  of  Technology. 

Mr.  Bostwick  came  to  the  association  meet- 
ing at  the  request  of  the  school,  and  the  pleas- 
ure the  class  derived  from  his  two  able  ad- 
dresses, "The  St.  Louis  Public  Library"  and 
the  "Re-reading  of  books,"  was  shared  by  the 
visiting  Georgia  and  Alabama  librarians. 

On  May  29  Miss  Stearns,  of  Wisconsin,  gave 
a  talk  to  the  class  on  "Commission  work  in 
Wisconsin."  On  the  3oth  of  May  she  followed 
this  with  "The  library  as  a  social  center,"  and 
on  the  morning  of  May  31  at  the  graduation 
exercises  she  made  the  graduation  address. 
The  exercises  were  short,  and  following  Miss 
Stearns'  talk  Mr.  Willis  Everett,  president  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Carnegie  Li- 
brary of  Atlanta,  presented  the  certificates  to 
the  graduating  class. 

NOTES 

The  Graduates'  Association  held  its  annual 
meeting  in  the  class  room  on  the  afternoon  of 
May  28.  The  resident  alumni  served  tea  in- 
formally, and  the  election  of  officers  resulted 
as  follows:  president,  Frances  Newman,  At- 
lanta; vice-president,  Constance  Kerschner, 
Washington,  D.  C ;  secretary  and  treasurer, 
Maude  Mclver,  Atlanta;  member  of  Execu- 
tive Board,  Helen  Brewer,  Cordele,  Ga. 

It  was  decided  that  the  association  should 
join  the  Georgia  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs 
and  the  Atlanta  City  Federation. 

The  school  entertained  at  luncheon  in  the 
class  room  for  Mrs.  Scott  during  her  stay  in 


490 


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{August,  1913 


Atlanta,  and  at  the  same  time  in  honor  of 
Fanny  Cook,  whose  marriage  will  take  place 
on  June  n. 

Mary  Thornton,  '13,  won  the  prize  of  $50 
for  the  cover  design  for  the  Woman's  Edition 
of  the  Atlanta  Constitution,  issued  on  June  4 
by  the  Georgia  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs. 
The  competition  was  open  to  the  state,  and  the 
competitors  were  both  amateur  and  profes- 
sional. 

ALUMNI    NOTES 

Helen  Brevyer,  '13,  will  take  charge  of  the 
Cordele  Public  Library  as  librarian  in  June. 
Miss  Brewer  will  succeed  Jane  Brown,  '12, 
who  will  enter  the  service  of  the  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  Public  Library  in  September. 

Isabel  Davidson,  '13,  will  take  charge  of  the 
library  of  the  Woman's  College  of  Florida,  in 
Tallahassee,  at  the  opening  of  the  September 
term,  succeeding  Miss  Frances  Newman,  who 
will  become  an  assistant  in  the  Carnegie  Li- 
brary of  Atlanta. 

Mary  Thornton,  '13,  accepted  a  position  as 
cataloger  in  the  library  of  the  University  of 
Georgia.  Mildred  Mell,  '08,  and  Eunice  Cos- 
ton,  '12,  of  the  library  of  the  University  of 
Georgia,  have  obtained  a  year's  leave  of  ab- 
sence, which  they  will  spend  in  study  in  New 
York. 

Isabel  Stevens,  '13,  and  Catherine  Walker, 
'13,  have  been  appointed  as  assistants  in  the 
Carnegie  Library  of  Atlanta. 

Alberta  Malone,  '08,  will  resign  her  position 
with  the  Carnegie  Library  of  Atlanta  in  Sep- 
tember, to  return  to  her  former  position  as 
librarian  of  Furman  University  Library,  Green- 
ville, South  Carolina. 

DELIA  FOREACRE  SNEED,  Principal. 

SYRACUSE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

The  annual  commencement  of  Syracuse  Uni- 
versity was  held  June  u.  The  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Library  Economy  was  conferred 
on: 

Florence   Marie  Lamb,   Auburn,  N.   Y.     Bib- 
liography: Plant  diseases. 
Helen  Catherine  MacVean,  Leroy,  N.  Y.    Bib- 
liography :  Baseball,  Basketball,  and  Football. 
Aimee  Marguerite  Peters,  Elmira,  N.  Y.    Bib- 
liography :  Child  labor,  iQo6-date. 
The  following  received  certificates  for  com- 
pleting the  two  years'  technical  course: 
Marian  Allen,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.     Bibliography: 

Raphael. 

Florence  Emily  Booth,  Newark,  N.  Y.     Bib- 
liography: Protection  of  birds. 
Julia  Quay  Clush,  Sunbury,  Pa.    Bibliography: 

Teachers'  pensions. 

Marguerite  Annette  Geer,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 
Bibliography:  Manners  and  customs  of  the 
!7th  and  i8th  centuries  in  America. 
Gladys  Shaw,  Wichita  Falls,  Texas.  Bibliog- 
raphies:  The  Chinese  Republic;  The  Pro- 
gressive party. 

Rosalie  Mary  Slocum,  Wilmington,  Del.    Bib- 
liography:  Syracuse  University. 


Mary   Lillian   Wilcox,   WThitney   Point,   N.   Y. 

Bibliography :  Finland. 

Miss  Geer,  having  received  the  highest  gen- 
eral average  of  the  class  for  scholarship,  was 
appointed  marshal. 

Miss  Lamb  and  Miss  Geer  have  accepted 
positions  as  assistants  in  the  Children's  de- 
partment of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library. 

Miss  Shaw  has  accepted  a  position  in  the 
Free  Public  Library  of  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

The  Library  School  dinner  at  the  A.  L.  A. 
conference  will  be  held  Friday,  June  27. 

The  school  will  resume  its  work  Sept.  16. 
MARY  J.  SIBLEY. 

CONNECTICUT   LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION   SUM- 
MER SCHOOL 

The  fourth  annual  institute  for  librarians 
conducted  by  the  Connecticut  public  library 
committee  and  the  Connecticut  Library  Asso- 
ciation, opened  Tuesday  p.m.,  July  8,  at  Room 
60  in  the  Capitol.  The  sessions  continued  un- 
til July  18.  The  morning  sessions  were  gen- 
erally devoted  to  practice  work  and  the  after- 
noons to  lectures  by  authorities  on  library 
work.  The  work  was  in  charge  of  Mrs.  Belle 
Holcomb  Johnson,  who  is  state  visitor  and  in- 
spector of  libraries  for  the  state  library  com- 
mittee. She  was  assisted  by  Miss  Anna  Had- 
ley,  librarian  of  the  Gilbert  School  at  Winsted. 
The  tuition  and  materials  were  free.  Hereto- 
fore the  institute  has  been  held  at  the  Dan- 
bury  Normal  School. 

IOWA    UNIVERSITY    LIBRARY    SUMMER 
SCHOOL 

The  twelfth  annual  session  of  the  Iowa 
University  Summer  Library  School  had  a  ca- 
pacity enrollment  of  24  students,  all  but  two 
of  whom  came  from  the  state  of  Iowa.  M.  G. 
Wyer,  librarian  of  the  University  of  Iowa, 
was  the  director. 


periodical  anfc  otber  Xitctature 

Public  Libraries,  June,  contains  the  third  in- 
stalment of  "The  librarian  and  public  taste," 
by  E.  L.  Shuman ;  "Bailment  in  the  library," 
by  A.  E.  Bostwick;  "A.  few  brickbats  from  a 
layman,"  "Print  collections  in  small  libraries," 
by  J.  C.  Dana,  and  "Staff  meetings  in  a  refer- 
ence department,"  by  C.  H.  Compton. 

New  York  Libraries,  May,  is  a  "School  li- 
braries number,"  containing  "What  the  district 
superintendent  can  do  for  school  libraries,"  by 
Walter  S.  Clark;  "Training  school  children  in 
the  art  and  taste  of  reading/'  "The  librarian's 
share  in  vocational  guidance  through  the  high 
school  library,"  by  Fanny  D.  Ball,  and  "A 
suggestive  list  of  references  on  high  school 
libraries,"  by  Mary  E.  Hall. 

News  Notes  of  California  Libraries,  April, 
prints  a  list  of  all  California  libraries,  except 
elementary  school,  church,  and  private  collec- 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


49 1 


tions,  with  statistics  and,  in  some  cases,  news 
notes. 

Special  Libraries,  June,  contains  the  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Special  Libraries  Association 
meeting,  Manhattan  district,  May  15,  with 
summary  of  addresses  and  discussions,  "Amer- 
ican municipal  documents,"  by  John  Boynton 
Kaiser,  and  a  "Select  list  of  references  on 
train  crew  legislation." 

Wisconsin  Library  Bulletin,  March-April,  in- 
cludes "Charging  country  borrowers,"  by  M.  S. 
Dudgeon;  "Selection  of  fiction,"  by  Elva  L. 
Bascom,  and  reports  of  the  papers  read  at  the 
meeting  of  the  Wisconsn  Library  Association, 
March  5-7. 

FOREIGN 

The  Library  Assistant,  July,  is  largely  de- 
voted to  the  report  from  the  i8th  annual  meet- 
ing, June  17,  at  Nottingham.  Two  papers 
from  the  May  meeting  of  the  association  are 
reprinted  in  this  number.  "Library  schools  in 
the  United  States,"  by  Dorothy  Ballen,  and 
"The  library  schools  of  the  continent,"  by  Miss 
O.  Muhlerifeld,  of  the  Hilversum  Public  Li- 
brary, Holland. 

Library  Association  Record,  June,  includes 
"Modern  fine  printing  since  the  Kelmscott 
Press,"  by  Ethel  S.  Fegan,  and  "The  classifica- 
tion of  biography,"  by  F.  W.  C.  Pepper. 

The  Library  World,  June,  contains  "Review- 
ing from:  a  bookman's  standpoint,"  by  Robert 
D.  Macleod;  "Methods  of  book  illustration," 
by  W.  Bramley  Coupland ;  "Some  great  print- 
ers and  their  work;  John  Day,"  by  A.  Cecil 
Piper,  and  "The  popularizing  of  public  libra- 
ries," by  Henry  A.  Sharp. 

La  Coltura  Popolare,  June  15,  contains  "Per 
un  piu  chiaro  concetto  di  biblioteca  popolare," 
by  Ettore  Fabietti. 

Zentralblatt  fur  Bibliothekwesen,  June,  prints 
"Die  Bedeutung  def  Jenaer  Universitatsbiblio- 
thek  fur  die  reformations-geschtchtliche  For- 
schung,"  by  B.  Willkomm;  and  "Neue  Donat- 
fragmente  in  Gutenbergtypen,"  by  P.  Schwenke. 

Maandblad  voor  Bibliotheekwezen,  June  20, 
prints  "Om  een  benoeming,"  by  H.  E.  Greve, 
and  "Het  tijdschrift  in  de  Bibliotheek"  by  f. 
D.  C.  Van  Dokkum. 

IRotes  and  IRcws 

THE  City  of  New  York  has  completed  the 
purchase  of  a  plot  100  by  120  feet  on  the 
southeast  corner  of  Eastern  Parkway  and 
Schenectady  avenue,  Brooklyn.  A  Carnegie 
library  building  will  be  erected  on  the  site 
from  plans  by  R.  F.  Almirall. 

EVANSTON'S  public  library  closed  for  a 
month  on  July  14  because  of  the  lack  of  funds 
on  account  of  the  Juul  law.  All  of  the  em- 
ployes took  an  enforced  vacation  without  pay. 
Although  Evanstonians  cannot  get  books  for  a 
month  they  were  allowed  to  tafre  ten  books 


each.  The  library  fund  for  the  suburb  is 
$4000  short.  None  of  the  departments,  includ- 
ing the  reading  rooms,  will  be  open  until 
Aug.  15. 

DEPARTMENT  store  comment  on  the  move  of 
the  large  department  store  in  Tacoma,  Wash., 
that  made  space  for  a  branch  of  the  city's  pub- 
lic library,  so  that  its  customers  can  now  turn 
in  library  books  and  take  out  new  ones  with- 
out visiting  the  library  building  itself  has  been 
various.  About  300  or  400  volumes  of  the 
most-in-demand  literature  are  kept  at  the  store. 
If  a  shopper  turns  in  a  book  at  10  o'clock  in 
the  morning  and  requests  another  book  which 
does  not  happen  to  be  in  the  store,  a  boy  is 
sent  to  the  library  and  has  the  required  vol- 
ume waiting  when  the  customer  is  ready  to 
leave.  One  Boston  department  store  buyer 
said:  "While  a  branch  of  the  public  library 
would  attract  the  public  to  a  store,  it  would 
decrease  the  sales  of  the  book  department. 
Such  a  step  would  not  meet  with  my  approval." 
This  same  buyer  estimated  that  if  a  branch 
were  placed  in  the  store,  the  sales  of  books 
would  probably  drop  about  15  or  20  per  cent. 
The  book  department  chief  of  another  store 
seemed  to  think  well  of  the  branch  library  idea, 
as  a  means  of  attracting  customers,  but  ven- 
tured the  guess  that  the  Tacoma  store  had  no 
book  department  of  its  own. 

HIGH  SCHOOL  LIBRARIES. — An  investigation  of 
high  school  libraries,  especially  in  Chicago,  was 
published  in  the  Educational  Bi-Monthly,  Octo- 
ber, 1912,  to  June,  1913.  The  articles  show 
the  growth,  present  scope,  and  wide  possibil- 
ities of  such  libraries — from  an  unabridged 
dictionary  and  a  few  lexicons  on  a  window 
sill  to  a  well-organized  library  of  thousands  of 
volumes  in  charge  of  a  trained  librarian  who 
can  teach  pupils  how  to  use  books. 

BECAUSE  Congress  failed  to  give  the  National 
Library  for  the  Blind  its  proper  title  when  it 
included  in  the  District  of  Columbia  appro- 
priation act  an  item  of  $5000  for  its  aid  during 
the  present  fiscal  year,  managers  of  the  insti- 
tution may  be  prevented  from  collecting  the 
money.  The  item  as  carried  in  the  appropria- 
tion act  is  as  follows :  "Library  for  the  Blind ; 
for  aid  for  one  year  only  of  the  Library  for 
the  Blind,  located  at  1729  H  street  northwest, 
$5000." 

THE  Toledo  library  board  will  not  be  de- 
pendent upon  bond  buyers  for  a  market  for 
$25,000  4^  per  cent,  bonds  which  will  be  is- 
sued soon  to  provide  funds  for  an  addition  to 
the  rear  of  the  library.  If  bond  brokers  who 
have  refused  to  bid  recently  upon  several  is- 
sues of  Toledo  bonds  do  not  make  sufficiently 
attractive  proposals  for  the  library  bonds,  the 
library  board  will  bid  them  in. 

RESULTS  FROM  READING. — New  York  Libra- 
ries, May,  comments  thus  on  a  pointed  text: 
"Speaking  of  his  aim  in  establishing  libraries 
in  the  prison  schools,  Dr.  Hill,  inspector  of 


492 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


state  prison  schools,  says:  'Our  object  is  not 
to  get  books  read,  but  to  get  results  from 
reading.'  This  sentence  goes  to  the  very  root 
•of  the  problem  in  school  library  work  and  in- 
deed in  all  library  effort,  and  puts  before  us 
the  final  test  by  which  all  such  efforts  must  be 
tried.  Surely  it  is  a  hard  saying.  It  puts  on 
us  a  duty  far  harder  than  the  securing  of  a 
large  circulation,  a  large  registry  of  borrowers, 
the  stimulating  of  the  reading  habit  or  the 
stocking  of  our  shelves  with  the  best  books. 
To  get  books  read,  to  get  even  good  books 
read,  may  be  and  often  is  a  mere  waste  of 
effort  on  the  part  of  teacher,  librarian  and 
pupil  alike.  Often  indeed,  in  both  school  and 
home,  it  is  worse  than  a  waste;  it  creates  a 
positive  distaste  for  reading  or  for  the  class 
of  books  read.  To  secure  desirable  results 
from  reading  there  must  always  be  two  things 
in  combination,  the  book  with  a  positive  con- 
tribution to  life,  thought  or  imagination  and 
the  mind  needing  and  ready  to  assimilate  that 
contribution.  Where  this  combination  is  not 
brought  about,  neither  compulsion  nor  the  ap- 
plication of  extraneous  motives  will  be  more 
than  superficially  effective.  The  reading  can 
thereby  be  secured,  but  its  proper  results  will 
be  lacking.  The  librarian  or  the  teacher  who 
will  get  the  desired  results  from  reading  is  the 
one,  and  the  only  one,  who  has  both  that  in- 
timate knowledge  of  books  and  that  sympathy 
with  and  understanding  of  his  readers  where- 
by he  is  able  to  bring  to  each  'the  books  which 
belong  to  him,'" 

SUMMER  CARDS. — Besides  the  ordinary  "vaca- 
tion card,"  the  Chicago  Public  Library  is 
issuing  to  those  of  its  readers  who  remain  in 
the  city  through  the  summer  a  "summer  card." 
On  this  card  five  books  in  any  department, 
fiction  or  non-fiction,  may  be  drawn  at  once 
and  retained  a  calendar  month  without  re-< 
newal.  Seven-day  books  only  are  omitted 
from  this  privilege. 

LIBRARIES  IN  SUMMER  SCHOOLS. — The  Roches- 
ter Public  Library  is  providing  "library  rooms" 
for  two  of  the  city's  summer  schools.  To 
these  rooms  the  pupils  of  each  class  will  go 
one  hour  each  day  for  reading  and  story- 
telling. 

THE  last  Legislature  of  Minnesota  appro- 
priated $450,000  for  a  building  for  the  state 
Supreme  Court,  state  law  library  and  histor- 
ical society  library,  to  be  placed  on  the  present 
Capitol  grounds  or  land  adjoining  it. 

THROUGH  the  efforts  of  Henry  E.  Legler  and 
Frederick  Rex,  a  Municipal  Reference  Library 
has  been  installed  in  conjunction  with  the 
Chicago  Public  Library. 

THE  committee  on  finance  of  the  Dayton, 
Ohio,  Public  Library,  reports  that  all  the  large 
publishing  houses  are  allowing  them  half  prices 
to  aid  in  the  rehabilitation  of  the  library. 

H.  W.  WILSON  COMPANY.— The  New  York 
office  of  the  H.  W.  Wilson  Co.  has  moved  to 


141  East  25th  Street,  in  association  with  the 
offices  of  the  Publishers'  Weekly. 

Beverly,  Mass.  The  new  public  library  was 
dedicated  June  27,  with  an  address  by  Prof. 
George  Edward  Woodberry.  It  was  built  by 
a  commission  outside  the  city  government  and 
was  kept  within  the  appropriation. 

Brockton,  Mass.  The  new  public  library ,the 
gift  of  Andrew  Carnegie,  was  dedicated  June 
10.  Horace  G.  Wadlin,  of  the  Boston  Public 
Library,  gave  the  principal  address  on  "An 
everyday  library."  Horace  Richmond,  chair- 
man of  the  board  of  trustees,  presented  the 
keys  of  the  building  to  Mayor  Hickey,  who 
returned  them  to  Mr.  Richmond  with  a  speech 
of  congratulation.  Letters  were  read  from  An- 
drew Carnegie,  and  from  Rev  Julian  S.  Wads- 
worth,  who  had  been  instrumental  in  securing 
the  gift. 

Brown  University,  Providence,  R.  I.  The 
Corthell  Engineering  Library  was  dedicated 
June  10.  The  collection  with  an  endowment 
was  given  the  university  last  year,  and  forms 
a  unique  library  of  more  than  7000  volumes. 
President  Faunce,  Professor  G.  F.  Swain,  of 
Harvard,  and  Professor  Koopman,  of  the  John 
Hay  Library,  were  the  speakers  at  the  cere- 
mony. 

Cleveland,  Ohio.  The  Central  Public  Li- 
brary isi  to  move  to  the  fifth  and  sixth  floors 
of  the  Kinney  and  Levan  Co.  building  about 
the  end  of  July.  This  building  was  chosen  for 
"supporting  power"  of  the  floors,  height  of 
ceilings,  and  abundance  of  sunlight. 

Colton,  N.  Y.  The  Hepburn  Library  was 
dedicated  June  14  with  exercises,  including  ad- 
dresses by  Dr.  Almon  Gunnison  and  A.  Barton 
Hepburn,  who  gave  the  library. 

Harvard  University.  The  laying  of  the  cor- 
nerstone of  the  Harry  E.  Widener  Memorial 
Library  by  Mrs.  George  Widener  was  an  im- 
pressive part  of  Harvard's  commencement  ex- 
ercises. The  inscription  enclosed  in  a  copper 
box  to  be  placed  within  the  cornerstone  read: 
"On  the  sixteenth  day  of  June,  1913.  this  cor- 
nerstone of  the  Harry  Elkins  Widener  Memo- 
rial Library  was  laid  by  Mrs.  George  Duntpn 
Widener,  who  gave  the  building  as  a  memorial 
to  her  son,  Harry  Elkins  Widener,  born  Jan- 
uary 3,  1885,  graduated  from  Harvard  College 
in  1907,  lost  in  the  wreck  of  the  steamship 
Titanic,  April  15,  1912.  The  books  gathered, 
read  and  loved  by  him  will  here,  in  fulfillment 
of  his  desire,  be  permanently  preserved." 

Lansing.  Mich.  On  July  12  the  free  public 
library  was  opened  with  interesting  ceremonies. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.  The  Public  Library's 
new  home,  the  three  upper  floors  of  the  Metro- 
politan block,  is  to  have  many  advantages  of 
space,  lighting,  and  convenience.  Express  ele- 
vators will  carry  patrons  directly  to  the  library 
floors  of  the  building.  Half  the  circulating 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


493 


books,  with  the  card  catalog,  information  desk, 
and  reference  room  will  be  on  the  eighth  floor. 
The  seventh  floor  will  contain  storage  stacks, 
periodical  room,  children's  room,  and  catalog 
department.  The  ninth,  a  mezzanine  floor,  is 
to  provide  quarters  for  the  special  collections, 
music,  civics,  science,  etc.  A  bindery,  carpenter 
shop,  and  lecture  hall  on  the  roof  will  form 
practically  a  tenth  floor. 

Manchester,  N.  H.  The  cornerstone  of  the 
Carpenter  Memorial  Library  was  laid  June  n 
with  an  appropriate  ceremony,  including  an 
address  by  Senator  Henry  E.  Burnham. 

Milwaukee,  Wis.  Plans  for  the  construction 
of  a  three-story  addition  to  the  public  library, 
costing  about  $50,000,  were  approved  at  a  meet- 
ing of  the  library  board  on  July  8.  The  pro- 
posed addition  will  mean  an  increase  in  the 
capacity  of  the  library  of  200,000  volumes  and 
provide  two  more  public  reading  rooms. 

Osborne,  Ohio.  The  Carnegie  library  build- 
ing was  formally  opened  and  dedicated  on  July 
12  with  appropriate  ceremonies.  The  library 
association  was  organized  in  the  year  1885,  and 
has  been  managed  by  prominent  women  of 
Osborne,  whose  efforts  have  resulted  in  the 
erection  of  a  beautiful  building,  wrell  equipped, 
and  containing  more  than  two  thousand  vol- 
umes. 

Napoleon,  Ohio.  On  July  14  the  fine  new 
Carnegie  library  building  was  opened.  The 
library  is  an  outgrowth  of  a  movement  started 
in  1907  by  a  few  women,  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 
members  furnishing  the  nucleus.  Money  from 
subscriptions  was  put  into  new  books  until 
two  years  ago,  when  Mayor  Mullen  and  the 
city  council  became  interested.  A  beautiful 
site  was  purchased  and  Mr.  Carnegie  gave 
$10,000  for  the  erection  of  the  building. 

WORK  is  soon  to  begin  on  the  new  Pratt  Me- 
morial Library  at  Shelburne  Falls,  Mass. 

West  Hartford,  Conn.  Sarah  Whitman 
Hooker  Chapter,  D.  A.  R.,  has  completed  the 
fund  of  $25,000  for  the  Noah  Webster  Memo- 
rial Library.  The  building  is  to  be  of  simple 
colonial  style,  gray  brick  with  finish  of  white 
limestone. 


ANGLAND,  Jane,  librarian  of  the  children's 
department  of  the  Pater  son  Public  Library, 
has  been  given  a  leave  of  absence  on  account 
of  ill  health. 

BAILEY,  John  Jay,  for  twelve  years,  1865-77. 
librarian  of  the  St.  Louis  Public  Library,  died 
June  n,  in  Monroe,  La.  Through  his  efforts 
the  library  acquired  the  polytechnic  depart- 
ment and  the  whole  collection  grew  to  number 
70,000  volumes. 

BELL,  E.  J.,  late  senior  assistant  in  the  Ful- 
ham,  Eng.,  Public  Libraries,  has  been  ap- 
pointed chief  librarian  of  the  Public  Library, 
Christchurch,  New  Zealand. 


BRIGGS,  Walter  B.,  librarian  of  Trinity  Col- 
lege, received  the  honorary  degree  of  Master 
of  Arts  from  Brown  University. 

BUMPUS,  Amelia  L.,  for  30  years  librarian  of 
the  Thomas  Crane  Public  Library,  'Quincy, 
Mass.,  died  June  28,  after  an  illness  of  more 
than  a  year. 

CLARKE,  Edith  M.,  of  the  library  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Kansas,  has  been  appointed  librarian 
of  Baker  University  Library,  Baldwin,  Kan. 

CLATWORTHY,  Linda  M.,  for  the  past  eight 
years  librarian  of  the  Public  Library  of  Day- 
ton, Ohio,  has  resigned,  asking  that  her  resig- 
nation take  effect  in  the  early  fall,  as  soon  as 
the  Central  Library,  devastated  by  the  flood  of 
March  25,  is  again  in  working  order  and  the 
Carnegie  branches  ready  for  occupancy.  Miss 
Clat worthy  will  enjoy  a  vacation  in  her  own 
bungalow  at  Estes  Park,  Colorado,  before  en- 
tering a  new  field  of  library  work. 

COLEAN,  Olive,  has  been  appointed  librarian 
of  the  Carnegie  Free  Library  of  Jerseyville, 
Mo. 

COPITHORNE,  Matthew  B.,  has  been  chosen 
librarian  of  the  Cambridge  (Mass.)  Public 
Library. 

CORCORAN,  Anna,  who  has  been  librarian  of 
the  Odell  (111.)  Public  Library  for  the  past 
few  years,  has  been  engaged  for  the  coming 
year  by  the  Sterling  (111.)  Public  Library. 

GRAIN,  Lucy  B.,  branch  librarian  at  West 
Somerville,  Mass.,  has  been  chosen  supervisor 
of  children's  work  for  the  Somerville  library 
system, 

DAVIS,  Mary  H.,  has  been  appointed  libra- 
rian of  the  new  Owensboro  (Ky.)  Carnegie 
Public  Library. 

GANUNG,  Harriet,  has  been  appointed  libra- 
rian of  the  new  branch  of  the  Rochester  Pub- 
lic Library,  which  was  opened  in  the  Y.  W. 
C.  A.  building  in  Franklin  street. 

GILMORE,  Lucian  B.,  for  35  years  first  assist- 
ant in  the  Detroit  Public  Library,  died  June  17 
at  his  home  in  Detroit. 

IMHOFF,  Miss  Ono  M.,  N.  Y.  State  Library 
School,  'g6-'g8,  resigned  her  position  as  assist- 
ant librarian  of  the  legislative  reference  room 
of  the  Wisconsin  Free  Library  Commission  to 
go  to  New  York  City  June  I  as  assistant  direc- 
tor of  the  Legislative  Reference  Bureau  of  the 
National  Progressive  Service. 

KELLER,  Helen  Rex,  for  four  years  reviser 
in  the  catalog  department  of  Columbia  Uni- 
versity Library,  has  been  appointed  librarian 
of  the  School  of  Journalism  of  that  university. 
At  the  commencement  in  June  Miss  Keller  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  A.M.  from  the  Faculty 
of  Politics  and  History.  For  several  years  she 
has  been  in  charge  of  the  courses  in  Library 
Economy  given  during  the  summer  session  of 
Columbia  University. 


494 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


LINK,  Ruth,  was  recently  chosen  librarian 
of  the  Paris  (111.)  Public  Library. 

Lovi,  Henrietta,  head  of  the  book  order  de- 
partment of  the  Chicago  Public  Library,  has 
resigned  after  21  years  of  service. 

MCCARTHY,  Charles,  legislative  librarian  of 
Wisconsin,  was  given  the  honorary  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Literature  by  Brown  University, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1896. 

MARCH  AND,  P.  Alfred,  for  over  30  years 
librarian  of  the  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  City  Hospital, 
was  reported  discharged  on  July  17  by  Super- 
intendent Summersgill  on  the  ground  of  in- 
subordination. For  some  time  Marchand  has 
been  engaged  in  cataloging  the  library  of  the 
hospital,  valued  at  over  $50,000.  Dr.  Sum- 
mersgill ordered  Marchand  to  expedite  >  the 
work  and  have  it  finished  at  a  certain  time. 
Marchand  not  having  completed  the  work 
when  ordered,  Dr.  Summersgill  took  this  ac- 
tion. Marchand,  who  is  a  colored  man,  started 
to  work  at  the  City  Hospital  over  35  years  ago 
as  a  messenger.  Showing  a  particular  aptitude 
for  the  work  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
library,  which  from  a  modest  collection  of  books 
grew  with  the  years  into  the  large  library  it 
is.  During  that  time  Marchand  also  mastered 
the  languages,  was  able  at  a  moment's  notice 
to  lay  his  hand  on  any  volume  that  might  be 
needed,  and  his  services  were  of  particular  and 
great  value  to  the  staff.  "I  did  not  dismiss 
Marchand  for  insubordination,  but  because  he 
did  not  get  his  work  out,"  was  the  explanation 
given  by  Superintendent  H.  T.  Summersgill 
wheri  interviewed. 

MATTHEWS,  Etta  L.,  librarian  at  Tome  Insti- 
tute, Port  Deposit,  Md.,  has  resigned  to  become 
head  cataloger  at  Northwestern  University. 

PARKER,  John,  for  several  years  assistant  li- 
brarian of  the  Peabody  Institute,  Baltimore, 
has  been  appointed  librarian  to  succeed  Dr. 
Philip  R.  Uhler,  who  resigned  July  I. 

REED,  Lois  Antoinette,  assistant  librarian  at 
the  University  of  Rochester,  has  accepted  the 
position  of  librarian  at  Bryn  Mawr  College. 

ROOT,  Mrs.  G.  F.,  has  been  appointed  libra- 
rian of  the  West  Somerville  (Mass.)  branch 
library. 

SHEFFIELD,  Ora,  is  librarian  of  the  new  Car- 
negie library  at  Napoleon,  Ohio. 

STELLE,  Miss  Helen  V.,  is  to  be  librarian  of 
the  Botanical  Garden  Library  of  the  Brooklyn 
Institute  Museum. 

STROHM,  Adam,  acting  librarian  of  the  De- 
troit Public  Library  since  Nov.  I,  1912,  has 
been  appointed  librarian. 

STUTZ,  Laura  C,  Pratt,  '10,  has  resigned 
her  position  as  assistant  and  reviser  in  the 
New  York  State  Library  School. 

THOMPSON,  Nancy  Isabella,  of  Mendham,  a 
graduate  of  Pratt,  who  has  been  employed  in 
a  branch  of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library,  has 


been  engaged  to  succeed  Miss  Phillips  as  li- 
brarian of  the  Bernardsville,  N.  J.,  Public 
Library. 

WIGGINGTON,  May  Wood,  has  been  appointed 
chief  cataloger  in  the  Louisville  (Ky.)  Public 
Library. 

THURNBO,  Margaret,  goes  to  the  Library  of 
Yale  University  as  cataloger  next  year. 

VAN  EMAN,  Edith  K.,  is  to  be  assistant  in 
the  lending  department  of  the  Pittsburgh  Pub- 
lic Library. 

WOOD,  Frederick  C.,  has  been  appointed  li- 
brarian of  the  Grosvenor  Library,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y. 

WYER,  Malcolm  G.,  librarian  of  the  State 
University  of  Iowa,  has,  been  elected  librarian 
of  the  University  of  Nebraska,  to  succeed  the 
late  Dr.  Walter  K.  Jewett.  Mr.  Wyer  was 
graduated  from  the  University  of  Minnesota 
in  1899,  gained  the  master's  degree  at  the  same 
institution  in  1901,  and  the  degree  of  bachelor 
of  library  science  at  the  New  York  State  Li- 
brary School  in  1903.  His  professional  record 
includes  a  year's  service  as  librarian  of  Colo- 
rado College  and  nine  years  as  librarian  of  the 
State  University  of  Iowa.  Mr.  Wyer  has  also 
been  actively  connected  with  the  Iowa  Library 
Commission,  having  served  as  instructor  in  the 
summer  school  for  library  training  since  1905 
and  as  resident  director  since  1906.  In  1907-8, 
and  again  in  1911-12,  he  was  president  of  the 
Iowa  City  Library  Club,  and  in  'ip-'ii,  presi- 
dent of  the  Iowa  Library  Association. 

Gifts  Mb  Bequests 

Fort  Plain  (N.  F.)  P.  L.  According  to  the 
will  of  the  late  Hon.  Homer  N.  Lockwood,  of 
Washington,  D.  C.,  the  library  receives  $2000. 

Great  Harrington,  Mass.  The  new  Mason 
Memorial  Library,  made  possible  for  Great 
Barrington  by  the  generous  bequest  of  $50.000 
by  Mrs.  Mary  H.  Mason,  was  formally  opened 
on  July  24  with  addresses  by  Professor  W.  P. 
Laird, "of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
others. 

Lenox,  Mass.  The  most  important  gift  to 
the  Lenox  Library  in  the  past  year  was  a  col- 
lection of  600  photographs  of  Berkshire  wild 
flowers  by  Edwin  Hale  Lincoln,  presented  by 
F.  Augustus  Schermerhorn. 

North  Anson,  Me.     The  Foster  Public  Li- 
brary has  received  $1500  from  D.  D.  Stewart, 
of  St.  Albans,  making  it  possible  for  the  asso- 
ciation to  purchase  the  Carrabassett  office  i 
a  library  building. 

Rahway  N.  J.  $25,000  was  left  in  trust  by 
the  late  Mrs.  William  C.  Squier  to  the  Rahway 
library,  the  income  to  be  used  for  running 
expenses. 

Saranac  Lake  (N.  F.)  F.  L.  has  received 
from  Mrs.  George  V.  W.  Duryee  $500  as  a 


August,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


495 


book  fund  in  memory  of  her  husband,  to  which 
was  added  $100  from  Miss  Mary  O.  Duryee, 
of  Summit,  N.  J.  The  library  also  received  a 
contribution  of  $100  from  Miss  Mary  R. 
Prescott. 

Seymour,  Conn.,  by  the  will  of  Charles  B. 
Wooster,  is  to  receive  $50,000  for  a  public 
library. 

Walt  ham,  Mass.  By  the  will  of  the  late 
Lowell  Clark,  the  Waltham  Public  Library 
receives  $5000. 

Waterbury,  Vt.,  has  just  received  two  hand- 
some public  bequests,  provided  for  in  the  will 
of  its  townsman,  M.  C  Canerdy.  According 
to  the  provisions  of  the  will,  the  residuary 
estate  of  $20,046  was  divided  equally  between 
the  Waterbury  Public  Library  and  the  Con- 
gregational Church. 

Zanesfield,  Ohio.  The  village  observed  a 
home-coming  celebration  Aug.  14.  Dr.  Earl 
Sloan,  of  Boston,  a  millionaire,  who  was  born 
and  reared  in  the  village,  has  promised  $50,000 
for  a  library  for  the  village. 

Xtbtarp  IReports 

Boston  (Mass1.}  American  Congregation 
Assoc.  L.  Rev.  W.  H.  Cobb,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  to 
My.,  '13.)  Accessions  1044  books,  1348  pams., 
3588  unbound  periods.,  and  44  mss. ;  total  61,- 
180  books,  57,616  pams.,  and  66,770  unbound 
periods. 

Bradford  (Fa.)  Carnegie  P.  L.  Susan  L. 
Sherman,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  F.  28,  '13.) 
Accessions  1313;  total  18,636.  Circulation  98,- 
858.  New  registration  898;  total  6408.  Re- 
ceipts $6148.82;  expenditures  $5728.32. 

Charleston  (S.  C.}  L.  Society.  Ellen  M. 
FitzSimons,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  1912-13.)  Ac- 
cessions 888;  total  35,996.  Circulation  44,927. 
Membership!  705.  Receipts  $2776.29;  expendi- 
tures $2637.45. 

Chelsea  (Mass.}  P.  L.  Medora  J.  Simpson, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— 1912.)  Accessions  2710;  total  13,- 
918.  Circulation  86,913.  New  registration  2081. 

Decatur  (III}  P.  L.  Mrs.  Alice  G.  Evans, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  ending  My.  31,  '13.)  Acces- 
sions 2375;  total  33,905-  New  registration 
1870;  total  7353.  Circulation  114,384. 

The  Municipal  Art  League  held  two  exhi- 
bitions of  paintings  in  the  library  building. 
Several  picture  and  book  displays  were  made 
during  the  year,  the  principal  one  on  James 
Whitcomb  Riley. 

Evanston  (III.)  P,  L.  Mary  B.  Lindsay,  Ibn. 
(Rpt— yr.  ending  My.  31,  '13.)  Accessions 
1788;  total  49,638.  Circulation  117,421.  New 
registration  2341;  total  10,004.  Receipts  $18,- 
543.70;  expenditures  $14,923.07. 

Fall  River  (Mass.)  P.  L.  George  W.  Ran- 
kin,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  2171; 
total  87.496.  Circulation  207,729.  New  regis- 
tration 2276;  total  8896. 

Sixty-one  volumes   of  musical   works  were 


given  the  library  as  the  beginning  of  a  collec- 
tion. Branch  libraries  are  needed  for  the  out- 
lying districts.  The  collection  of  French,  Ger- 
man, and  Yiddish  books  is  growing  rapidly. 

Flint  (Mich.)  P.  L.  Mrs.  Lena  Caldwell, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  to  July  I,  1913-.)  Accessions 
1140;  total  13,049.  Circulation  about  50,000. 
New  registration  1468;  total  10,921. 

Grcenport  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  Elizabeth  Deale, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — 1912.)  Accessions  272;  total  1750. 
Circulation  6516.  Receipts  $748.87;  expendi- 
tures $527.83. 

Hobo  ken  (N.  J.)  F.  P.  L.  Thomas  Hat- 
field,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — 1912-13.)  Accessions  7868. 
Circulation  216,603.  New  registration  2096; 
total  10,000. 

The  Edward  Russ  Memorial  Law  Library 
opened  with  2500  volumes.  A  Saturday  morn- 
ing story  telling  hour  has  been  held.  Reading 
and  reference  rooms  have  reopened  on  Sun- 
days. 

Kenosha  (Wis.)  Gilbert  M.  Simmons  L. 
Cora  M.  Frantz,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  to  June  i.) 
Accessions  1640;  total  26,580.  Circulation 
109,143.  New  registrations  1352;  total  6312. 
Receipts  $48,730.77;  expenditures  $37,246.51. 

The  school  duplicate  collection,  which  con- 
sists of  1660  books,  was  distributed  as  usual 
in  the  schools.  Instruction  in  the  use  of  the 
library  was  again  given  to  the  freshman  class 
at  high  school.  A  collection  of  360  supple- 
mentary readers  is  sent  out  to  teachers  upon 
application.  Thirty-two  teachers  used  the 
books  this  year. 

Leiviston  (Me.)  P.  L.  Evelyn  L.  Gilmore, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  F.  28,  '13.)  Accessions 
1987;  total  19,337-  Circulation  56,193.  ^New 
registration  673.  Receipts  $5500;  expenditures 
$5500. 

Lincoln  (Neb.)  City  L.  Lulu  Home,  Ibn. 
(Rpt — yr.  to  June  i.)  Accessions  2575;  total 
35,200.  Circulation  193,401.  New  registration 
2652;  total  12,113.  Receipts  $11,464.51;  ex- 
penditures $11,689.14. 

Manchester  (N.  H.)  City  L.  F.  Mabel  Win- 
chell,  Ibn.  (Rpt — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  2558; 
total  68,837.  Circulation  119,501.  New  regis- 
tration 1029;  total  8335. 

Business  men  are  making  increasing  use  of 
the  library's  reference  collection,  especially  by 
means  of  the  telephone  service.  There  has 
been  a  70  per  cent,  gain  in  the  number  of  vol- 
umes sent  to  schools.  A  delivery  station  has 
been  established  in  East  Manchester.  The  new 
library  building  given  by  Frank  P.  Carpenter 
is  in  process  of  construction. 

Menominee  (Mich.)  Spies  P.  L.  Lois  A. 
Spencer,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  F.  28,  '13.) 
Accessions  874;  total  10,694.  Circulation  34,- 
409.  New  registration  791 ;  total  2593.  Re- 
ceipts $5185.10;  expenditures  $3967.56. 

New  York  City.  \Queens  Borough  P.  L.  J.  F. 
Hume,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  22,- 
974;  total  164,067.  New  registration  21,692; 


496 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  1913 


total   61,143.     Circulation    1,068,658.     Receipts 

$i59>745.8i. 

The  circulation  has  for  the  first  time  ex- 
ceeded 1,000,000,  and  the  library  now  stands 
thirteenth  in  the  United  States.  72  per  cent, 
of  the  library  members  live  within  a  half  mile 
of  a  branch,  and  the  members  constitute  26  per 
cent,  of  the  population. 

Neighborhood  maps  were  made  with  the 
membership  indicated  on  them.  Publicity  work 
was  extended  by  reading  lists  distributed  in 
pay  envelopes,  schools,  etc.,  and  by  the  exhibi- 
tion of  slides  at  the  moving  picture  shows. 
125  visits  were  paid  to  schools.  Classes  to 
teach  the  use  of  the  library  were  held  in  many 
branches.  More  than  200  story  hours  were 
held. 

Norwich  University  L.,  Northfield,  Vt. 
Helen  A.  Cramton,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending 
M.  31,  '13.)  Accessions  413;  total  14,949. 
Penn  Yan  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  Henrietta  H. 
Kimball,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— 1912.)  Accessions  262; 
total  8157.  Circulation  18,429.  Receipts 
$1227.74;  expenditures  $1160.67. 

The  trustees'  report  showed  that  the  re- 
ceipts of  the  library  were  as  follows:  From 
local  tax,  $1000;  from  the  state  of  New  York, 
$100;  from  fines,  $82.06;  from  other  sources, 
$45.68.  Payments  have  been  made  as  follows : 
For  books,  $299.04;  for  binding  $45-55;  for 
salaries  of  librarian  and  assistants,  $410.25 ; 
for  salary  of  janitor,  $120;  for  heat  and  light, 
$159,47;  for  permanent  improvements,  $293.38; 
for  other  expenses,  $32.98. 

Pittsburgh  (Pa.)  Carnegie  L.  Harrison  W. 
Craver,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — 1912.)  Accessions  43,- 
158;  total  400,142.  Circulation  1,318,183.  New 
registrations  46405;  total  150,349.  Receipts 
$356,317.57;  expenditures  $351,449-79- 

The  noticeable  features  of  the  year's  work 
have  been  the  increase  of  the  use  of  the  chil- 
dren's rooms  and  the  decrease  in  the  per- 
centage of  circulation  of  fiction,  which  is  par- 
ticularly noticeable  in  the  circulation  of  juve- 
nile books.  Both  of  these  results  are  in  large 
measure  due  to  the  stimulation  of  the  library 
interest  by  the  schools  of  the  city.  The  de- 
mands for  material  which  would  supplement 
the  school  curricula  have  taxed  our  resources 
to  the  utmost  limit.  The  decreased  fiction 
percentage  has  not  been  due  to  an  actual  loss 
of  circulation  in  that  class,  but  to  an  increased 
use  of  works  in  other  classes. 

Pitts  field  (Mass.)  Berkshire  Athenaum  and 
Museum.  Harlan  H.  Ballard,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr. 
to  June  i.)  Accessions  2011;  total  61,679. 
Circulation  109,014.  New  registration  1940. 
Receipts  $21,243.88.  Expenditures  $13,970.98. 

San  Francisco  (Cat.)  Mechanics'  Inst.  L. 
F.  B.  Graves,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  ending  F.  28, 
'13.)  Accessions  5466;  total  44,527.  Circula- 
tion 118,998. 

Saranac  Lake  (N.  Y.)  F.  P.  L.  W.  D. 
McNeil,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— 1912.)  Accessions  351; 
total  5129.  Circulation  21,241.  Receipts  $1813. 


Seattle  (Wash.)  P.  L.  Judson  T.  Jennings, 
Ibn.  (Rpt— 1912.)  Accessions  24,761;  total 
175,352.  New  registration  24,004;  total  46,857. 
Circulation  852,126.  Receipts  $168,924.56;  ex- 
penditures $167,952.45. 

The  library  has  479  agencies  for  the  distri- 
bution of  books,  central  library,  branches, 
drugstore  deposit  stations,  engine  houses, 
schoolrooms,  playgrounds,  and  special  deposit 
stations.  The  efficiency  investigation  of  city 
departments  found  the  library  more  efficient 
than  any  department  under  civil  service  rules. 
Three  new  branches  are  to  be  built  and  sev- 
eral more  deposit  stations  started.  A  collec- 
tion of  Lithuanian  books  was  presented  to  the 
library.  The  new  fine  arts  and  technology 
room  has  been  well  used,  often  to  its  capacity. 
Lessons  in  the  use  of  the  library  have  been 
given  in  the  schools  with  marked  success.  An 
increase  of  interest  among  mothers  and 
teachers  has  been  noted  through  the  invita- 
tions to  speak  before  their  meetings.  Club 
work  with  children  in  the  branches  and  the 
establishment  of  a  collection  of  books  in  the 
central  library  for  children  over  fourteen  are 
the  most  pressing  needs. 

Southbridge  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Ella  E.  Miersch, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  554;  total 
23,588.  Circulation  38,971.  New  registration 
402;  total  5690.  Receipts  $3219.20;  expendi- 
tures $3009.58- 

Wilttamsport  (Pa.)  fames  V.  Brown  L.  O. 
R.  Howard  Thomson,  Ibn.  (Rpt— yr.  to  June 
30,  1913.)  Accessions  2119;  total  22,900.  Cir- 
culation 100,813.  Receipts  $9998.64;  expendi- 
tures $5128.34, 

Wilmington  (Del.)  Institute  F.  L.  Arthur 
L.  Bailey,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  ending  F.  28,  '13.) 
Accessions  4549;  total  77,661.  Circulation 
247,664.  New  registration  5399 ;  total  15,267. 

Over  500  books  were  sent  in  July  to  nine 
playgrounds.  An  exhibit  of  art  work  from  the 
public  schools  aroused  much  interest.  Items 
in  local  papers  relating  to  the  official  trans- 
actions of  municipal  bodies  have  been  clipped 
and  kept  in  classified  order.  Slides  have  been 
displayed  in  two  of  the  moving  picture  thea- 
ters and  various  lists  and  letters  sent  out.  In 
addition,  the  librarian  has  given  talks  before 
several  trade  unions  and  before  the  Debating 
Society  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.— a  method  of  ad- 
vertising that  is  most  prolific  of  results. 


(Talenfcar 


Sept.  22-27.  N.   Y.   S.   L.   A.,   annual  meeting, 

the  Sagamore,  Lake  George. 
Oct.  i-2(?).  Vt.  L.  A.,  Woodstock. 

8-10  (?).  Minn.    L.    A.,   annual    meeting, 

State  University,  Minneapolis. 
22-24.  Mo.   and  Kan.   L.   A.,  St.   Joseph, 
Mo. 


BRITISH     MUSEUM     LIBRARY — A    VIEW    OF    THE    STACKS 


BRITISH    MUSEUM    LIBRARY — KINGS    LIBRARY 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


VOL.  38 


SEPTEMBER,    1913 


No.  9 


THE  step  taken  at  the  Kaaterskill  Confer- 
ence to  provide  for  direct  representation  on 
the  A.  L.  A.  Council  of  state  associations 
.should  do  much  to  knit  the  library  organiza- 
tions together  into  a  unified  system.  As  the 
membership  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  already  exceeding 
3,000,  increases  to  the  5,000  and  thence  toward 
the  10,000  mark,  and  the  annual  conference  at- 
tains the  proportions  of  the  N.  E.  A.  meetings, 
the  value  of  the  Council  as  a  selective 
and  representative  body  of  librarians  of  large 
responsibility  and  long  experience,  gathering 
in  a  compact  body  for  systematic,  practical  and 
'effective  discussion,  will  be  of  increasing 
importance.  Now  that  geographical  represen- 
tation is  added  to  the  representation  of  ex- 
perience, the  functions  of  the  Council  should 
be  exercised  to  great  advantage.  Moreover, 
state  organizations  should  be  stimulated  by 
these  closer  relations  in  a  national  bond;  and 
in  turn  the  state  organizations  may  well 
take  up  the  method  indicated  and  provide  for 
the  wider  organization  and  direct  representa- 
tion of  local  clubs.  We  have  often  pointed 
out  that  too  many  organizations  and  too  fre- 
quent meetings  are  a  danger  before  the  library 
profession,  but  such  unification  as  we  have  in- 
dicated should  systematize  rather  than  differ- 
entiate, and  give  opportunity  for  reasonably 
frequent  meetings,  which  are  of  great  good  in 
reaching  many  librarians  who  cannot  come  to 
the  larger  meetings,  in  making  the  state 
meetings,  though  perhaps  less  frequent,  more 
effective,  and  finally  in  adding  to  the  effective- 
ness as  a  public  stimulus  of  the  national  con- 
ference. The  other  library  organizations  of 
special  classes  should  fit  into  this  scheme.in  in- 
tegrated *r  affiliated  relations  with  the  A.  L. 
A.,  and  the  plan  of  having  certain  of  the  con- 
ference sessions  worked  out  in  relation  to  these 
associations  is  an  excellent  method  of  bringing 
these  into  touch  with  the  general  body. 


IT  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  Mr.  Carne- 
gie's letter  to  President  Legler  was  "the  gol- 
den word"  of  the  Kaaterskill  Conference.  It 
is  the  truth  that  "the  public  library,  free  to  all 
the  people,  gives  nothing  for  nothing;  that 
the  reader  must  himself  climb  the  ladder  and 
in  climbing,  gain  knowledge  how  to  live  this 
life  well."  That  this  word  should  come  from 
the  man  who  has  given  over  fifty  million  dol- 


lars for  the  building  of  free  libraries  adds 
greatly  to  its  significance.  It  is  evidently  Mr. 
Carnegie's  own  view  of  the  life  lesson  of  his 
personal  career.  Though  his  colossal  fortune  has 
been  amassed  in  later  years  through  the  play 
of  those  immense  industrial,  economic  and  so- 
cial forces,  fostered  by  governmental  methods 
of  the  past  which  it  is  now  the  general  dis- 
position to  direct  toward  the  common  good 
rather  than  to  personal  aggrandizement,  the 
foundations  of  that  fortune  were  laid  in  the 
hardest  kind  of  work,  as  indeed  Mr.  Carnegie, 
contrary  to  the  proverbial  practice  of  the 
nouveau  riche,  is  fond  of  boasting.  Applica- 
tion, frugality  and  persistence  were  the  key- 
notes of  those  early  days  of  toil  and  self-de- 
nial. He  is,  therefore,  dead  set  against  any 
use  of  money  which  will  foster  pauperism, 
and  for  this  reason,  in  giving  library  buildings 
he  has  insisted  always  that  the  community 
provide  the  library  and  guarantee  its  mainten- 
ance. 


IN  these  days  of  free  libraries,  free  educa- 
tion and  free  entertainment,  it  is  most  neces- 
sary that  the  promoters  of  the  public  welfare, 
such  as  public  libraries,  should  at  every  point 
of  contact,  especially  with  young  people,  em- 
phasize the  truth  which  Mr.  Carnegie  lays 
down.  The  sons  of  a  city  or  of  a  state  who 
obtain  their  education  from  city  common 
schools  and  other  educational  institutions  or 
state  universities,  are  under  especial  obliga- 
tions to  return  the  free  gift  by  responsive  de- 
votion to  the  public  service  of  their  communities 
quite  as  much  in  private  life  as  in  public  office. 
So  also  the  user  of  a  public  library  should 
feel  it  to  be  his  first  duty  to  make  use  of  those 
advantages  to  good  purpose  and  thus  to  de- 
velop himself  in  the  interests  of  the  common 
good.  This,  of  course,  emphasizes  the  ethical 
function,  rather  than  the  entertainment  feature 
of  the  public  library — and  we  believe  this 
always  should  be  emphasized.  Mr.  Carnegie's 
letter  should  help  in  this  emphasis  and  should 
be  publicly  utilized  on  the  walls  of  every  Car- 
negie building.  For  this  purpose  we  are  pre- 
paring a  print  of  the  facsimile  given  in  our 
last  issue,  which  we  shall  be  glad  to  send  freely 
to  any  Carnegie  Library  making  postcard  ap- 
plication. We  shall  also  be  glad  to  receive 
from  librarians  who  are  moved  to  comment  on 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


Mr.  Carnegie's  text  in  the  direction  of  practi- 
cal application  brief  statements  of  their  views 
for  inclusion  in  a  symposium  on  the  subject  of 
"nothing  for  nothing." 


IT  is  none  too  early  to  begin  an  effective 
campaign  for  bringing  books  into  the  advan- 
tages of  the  parcels  post  system,  which  singu- 
larly enough,  as  the  result  of  the  postal  classifi- 
cation has  made  printed  matter  the  single  "ex- 
clusion from  parcels  post  advantages.  If,  as 
seems  to  be  the  case  under  the  law,  a  printed 
catalog  with  an  insert  of  a  sample  of  cloth, 
for  instance,  is  included  under  the  fourth 
class  and  therefore  mailable  at  parcels  post 
rates,  while  the  printed  catalog  without  such 
addition  must  pay  the  higher  rate,  the 
reductio  ad  absurdum  is  evident.  There  is, 
of  course,  the  disadvantage  that  under  the  zone 
system,  books  for  distant  parts  of  the  country 
would  be  at  higher  rates  than  at  present;  and 
the  best  solution  would  be  that  the  parcels  post 
should  be  extended  to  cover  books  and  other 
printed  matter,  at  the  option  of  the  sender. 
But  if  this  is  not  acceptable  to  the  powers  that 
be,  the  advantages  of  the  parcels  post  rates  in 
general  would  far  outweigh  this  single  disad- 
vantage. Especially  the  local  library  in  rural 
communities  should  benefit  by  a  rate  which 
enables  small  parcels  of  books  to  be  sent  on 
rural  free  delivery  routes  at  a  minimum  cost; 
and  the  system  is  also  of  great  advantage  for 
inter-library  loans  within  a  state  or  in  neigh- 
boring states.  The  wording  of  the  law  is  con- 
strued as  preventing  the  Postmaster  General 
from  including  books  and  other  printed  matter 
under  the  parcels  post,  so  that  action  by  Con- 
gress seems  to  be  necessary.  Our  suggestion 
is  that  libraries  unite  in  a  memorial  to  be  ad- 
dressed to  the  chairmen  of  the  Senate  and 
House  postal  committees,  setting  forth  the 
injustice  of  the  present  exclusion  and  the  ad- 
vantages of  the  inclusion  of  such  material  in 
the  parcels  post  system.  It  is  not  improbable 
that  publishers  and  booksellers  will  join  in 
a  similar  memorial  for  their  respective  fields, 
and  by  a  strong  pull  all  together,  it  should  not 
be  difficult  to  accotrplish  the  desired  result. 
Whether  a  special  library  post  can  be  ob- 
tained, is  more  of  a  question ;  and  the  wise  pol- 
icy would  seem  to  be  to  make  the  first  step  as 
suggested. 

IT  is  not  only  special  libraries,  but  general 
libraries,   that    should   utilize  the   many   pub- 


lications of  commercial  houses  and  commercial 
organizations  which  give  information  as  to  in- 
dustries and  industrial  affairs.  An  example  is 
the  publication  of  the  Association  of  American 
Portland  Cement  Manufacturers,  with  its  head- 
quarters in  Philadelphia,  with  which  Mr.  Purd 
B.  Wright  has  been  in  communication,  to  the 
result  that  this  association  is  willing  to  place 
upon  its  mailing  list  the  name  of  any  library 
which  desires  to  shelve  its  publications.  This 
is  only  one  of  many  organizations  which 
issue  publications  of  like  industrial  scope, 
and  the  fact  that  these  are  primarily  advertis- 
ing publications  in  the  interest  of  a  general  in- 
dustry should  not  prevent  libraries  from  avail- 
ing themselves  of  their  undoubted  usefulness. 
We  shall  be  glad  from  time  to  time  to  receive 
and  publish  notes  of  similar  opportunities  of 
which  libraries  can  avail  themselves. 


THE  establishment  at  Branford,  Conn.,  of  a 
''librarian's  vacation  home,"  is  announced  by 
the  local  press,  which  describes  its  inaugura- 
tion at  a  luncheon  given  at  the  Branford  Lib- 
rary, August  2d.  The  movement  was  unbe- 
nownst  to  most  of  the  library  profession,  and 
represents,  it  seems,  the  irrepressible  desire  of 
Mrs.  Mary  Craigie,  formerly  of  Brooklyn,  to  do 
something  in  the  line  of  libraries.  Mrs. 
Craigie's  earlier  energies  were  devoted  to  the 
donation  parties  which  were  really,  in  a  way, 
the  origin  of  the  present  Brooklyn  Public  Lib- 
rary system,  at  a  time  when  the  old  Brooklyn 
Library  had  failed  to  grasp  its  opportunity  and 
accept  the  leadership  of  the  inevitable  public 
library  movement  in  that  city,  which,  in  the  few 
years  since  the  city  became  a  borough  of 
Greater  New  York,  has  developed  into  the 
second  largest  public  library  system  in  the 
world.  While  Mrs.  Craigie's  method  led  to 
numerous  later  complications,  they  really  gave 
the  first  push  to  the  public  library  movement  in 
Brooklyn  and  the  library  profession  will  be 
interested  in  seeing  how  the  proposed  vaca- 
tion institution  develops.  According  to  a 
circular  letter  received  by  many  lady  members 
of  library  staffs,  the  plan  is  to  offer  to 
librarians  the  advantages  of  a  country 
house  for  the  vacation  season  with  board  at 
from  seven  to  eight  dollars  a  week,  giving  liv- 
ing facilities  which  could  not  otherwise  be 
commanded  for  a  much  higher  price.  Whether 
it  will  be  wholesome  for  librarians  to  spend 
their  vacations  together  in  this  wise,  instead 
of  relieving  their  minds  from  shop  talk  and 
staff  talk,  is  a  question  to  be  considered. 


September,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


499 


THE  BRITISH  MUSEUM  LIBRARY 

BY  THEODORE  W.  KOCH,  Librarian,   University  of  Michigan 

FIRST  PAPER:  ORGANIZATION  AND  HISTORY 


IN  many  respects  the  British  Museum  is  the 
most  important  library  in  the  world;  certainly 
among  English  speaking  people  it  occupies  a 
unique  position.  The  literature  of  the  last 
century  and  a  half  is  replete  with  evidence  of 
the  use  made  of  its  rich  stores  and  of  the  high 
regard  in  which  it  has  been  held  by  scholars 
and  writers  in  general.  A  contributor  to  the 
British  and  Foreign  ^Quarterly  Review  for  1837 
gives  it  as  his  opinion  that  much  of  the  ex- 
tended information  of  that  day  is  to  be  at- 
tributed, directly  or  indirectly,  to  the  Reading 
Room  of  the  British  Museum.  With  the  re- 
markable spread  of  the  library  movement  since 
that  time  the  specific  influence  of  the  British 
Museum  is  probably  not  so  extended,  yet  owing 
to  its  international  importance  the  institution 
is  worthy  of  special  study,  both  from  a  his- 
torical and  an  administrative  point  of  view. 
.  The  foundation  goes  back  160  years,  but  the 
collections  which  formed  the  nucleus  are  con- 
siderably older.  In  1753  a  bill  was  passed 
through  Parliament  providing  for  the  purchase 
of  the  collections  of  Sir  Hans  Sloane  at  £20,- 
ooo,  the  amount  asked  for  by  him  for  the  col- 
lections which  were  to  be  kept  entire  and  main- 
tained for  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  public. 
At  the  same  time  it  was  voted  that  a  proper 
repository  was  to  be  provided  for  the  better 
reception  and  convenient  use  of  the  Cottonian 
library;  that  the  Harleian  collection  of  manu- 
scripts would  be  a  proper  addition  to  be  made 
to  the  said  library,  and  that  the  sum  of  £10,000 
should  be  paid  for  the  latter  collection.  It 
was,  moreover,  voted  that  the  sum  of  £20,000, 
together  with  such  further  sums  as  were  neces- 
sary for  the  aforesaid  purchases,  was  to  be 
raised  by  lottery  and,  if  any  surplus  remained, 
it  was  to  be  applied  for  the  benefit  of  the 
public  as  directed  by  Parliament.  To  these 
collections  there  was  added  in  1757  the  library 
collected  by  the  former  kings  of  England,  and 
at  the  same  time  there  was  acquired  the  priv- 
ilege of  obtaining  a  copy  of  every  publication 
entered  at  Stationers'  Hall,  a  privilege  en- 
joyed by  the  Royal  Library  for  many  years, 
but  for  a  long  period  seldom  used. 

The  history  of  these  various  collections  war- 
rants some  space,  even  in  a  brief  account  of 


the  British  Museum.  The  state  of  the  Royal 
Library  and  the  needs  for  a  truly  national  in- 
stitution had  been  well  set  forth  in,  1697  in  a 
document  by  the  well  known  classical  scholar, 
Richard  Bentley,  who  was  in  charge  of  the 
library  at  that  time.  "The  Royal  Library  now 
at  St.  James's,  designed  and  founded  for  pub- 
lick  use,"  said  Bentley,  "was  in  the  time  of 
King  James  I.  in  a  flourishing  condition,  well 
stored  with  all  sorts  of  good  books  of  that  and 
the  preceding  age,  from  the  beginning  of 
printing.  But  in  the  succeeding  reigns  it  has 
gradually  gone  to  decay,  to  the  great  dishonour 
of  the  crown  and  the  whole  nation.  The  room 
is  miserably  out  of  repair,  and  so  little  that  it 
will  not  contain  the  books  that  belong  to  it. 
A  collection  of  ancient  medals,  once  the  best 
in  Europe,  is  embezzled  and  quite  lost.  There 
has  been  no  supply  of  books  from  abroad  for 
the  space  of  sixty  years  past;  nor  any  allow- 
ance! for  binding;  so  that  many  valuable  man- 
uscripts are  spoil'd  for  want  of  covers ;  and 
above  a  thousand  books  printed  in  England, 
and  brought  in  quires  to  the  library,  as  due 
by  the  Act  for  Printing,  are  unbound  and  use- 
less." 

It  was  therefore  proposed  that  a  corner  of 
St.  James's  Park  be  set  aside  for  the  erection 
of  a  new  library  building  and  a  suitable  dwell- 
ing for  the  library  keeper,  it  being  argued  that 
the  location  would  have  all  the  advantages  that 
could  be  desired, — an  elevated  site,  on  dry 
sandy  ground,  clear  air,  abundant  light  and 
safety  from  fire.  A  perpetual  yearly  revenue 
for  the  purchase  of  books,  settled  on  it  by  act 
of  Parliament,  to  be  expended  under  the  direc- 
tion of  a  board  of  curators  was  suggested,  the 
money  to  be  raised  by  a  tax  on  imported  pa- 
per. Bentley  claimed  that  "a  librarv  erected 
upon  this  certain  and  perpetual  fund,  may  be 
so  contriv'd  for  capaciousness  and  convenience 
that  every  one  that  comes  there  may  have 
200,000  volumes,  ready  for  his  own  use  and 
service.  And  societies  may  be  formed,  that 
shall  meet,  and  have  conferences  there  about 
matters  of  learning.  The  Royal  Society  is  a 
noble  instance  in  one  branch  of  knowledge; 
what  advantage  and  glory  may  accrue  to  the 
nation,  by  such  assemblies  not  confined  to  one 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


subject,  but  free  to  all  parts  of  good  learning. 
The  wall  that  shall  encompass  the  library,  may 
be  cased  on  the  inside  with  marbles  of  ancient 
inscriptions,  basso  relievo's,  etc.,  either  found 
in  our  own  kingdom,  or  easily  and  cheaply  to 
be  had  from  the  African  coast,  and  Greece, 
and  Asia  the  Less.  Those  few  antiquities  pro- 
cured from  the  Greek  islands  by  the  Lord 
Arundel,  and  since  published  both  at  home  and 
abroad,  are  an  evidence  what  great  advance- 
ment of  learning,  and  honour  to  the  nation 
may  be  acquired  by  this  means.  .  .  .  And  since 
the  writings  of  the  English  nation  have  at  pres- 
ent that  great  reputation  abroad,  that  many 
persons  of  all  countries  learn  our  language, 
and  several  travel  hither  for  the  advantage  of 
conversation,  'tis  easie  to  foresee,  how  much 
this  glory  will  be  advanced,  by  erecting  a  free 
library  of  all  sorts  of  books,  where  every  for- 
eigner will  have  such  convenience  of  studying. 
'Tis  our  publick  interest  and  profit,  to  have 
the  gentry  of  foreign  nations  acquainted  with 
England,  and  have  part  of  their  education  here. 
And  more  money  will  be  annually  imported 
and  spent  here  by  such  students  from  abroad, 
than  the  whole  charge  and  revenue  of  the 
library  will  amount  to." 

Had  this  proposal  been  granted,  the  history 
of  the  national  library  might  have  been  very 
different  from  that  which  we  have  to  chron- 
icle, but  at  the  time  when  Bentley  made  his 
proposal  Parliament  was  not  in  a  position  to 
allow  any  large  expenditure  for  books  and 
libraries.  Happily  many  of  the  things  hoped 
for  by  Bentley  were  realized  a  century  later 
in  the  establishment  of  the  British  Museum, 
which  fulfilled  the  office  outlined  in  the  above 
proposal. 

In  1700  an  act  was  passed  to  secure  for 
public  use  the  Cottonian  Library,  which  was 
still  to  remain  in  Cotton  House.  This  ar- 
rangement proving  inconvenient,  the  collection 
was  moved  in  1712  to  Essex  House  in  the 
Strand,  where  it  remained  until  1730.  Then 
it  was  taken  back  to  Westminster  and  de- 
posited with  the  Royal  Library  in  Ashburnham 
House  in  the  Little  Dean  Yard.  Here  a  fire 
broke  out  on  Oct.  23,  1731,  which  destroyed  or 
damaged  a  large  part  of  the  Cottonian  collec- 
tion and  did  some  injury  to  the  Royal  manu- 
scripts. The  two  collections  were  then  re- 
moved to  the  Dormitory  of  Westminster 
School,  where  they  remained  for  many  years. 
While  it  was  proposed  to  build  a  separate  li- 


brary for  the  Cottonian  collection  and  Major 
Arthur  Edwards  bequeathed  the  sum  of  £7000 
towards  this  object,  nothing  came  of  the  pro- 
j  ect. 

Sir  Hans  Sloane,  referred  to  by  Young,  the 
poet,  as  the  "foremost  toyman  of  his  time," 
had  gathered  a  collection  which  in  1753  was 
inventoried  as  containing  more  than  3500  man- 
uscript volumes,  40,000  printed  books,  32,000 
coins  and  medals,  more  than  2000  precious 
stones  and  numerous  antiquities.  The  trustees 
of  the  estate  were  to  dispose  of  the  collection 
for  £20,000  (about  one-third  of  its  original 
cost),  the  British  Government  to  have  the  first 
option.  If  the  Government  declined  to  buy  on 
those  terms,  the  collection  was  to  be  offered  in 
turn  to  the  Royal  Society,  to  Oxford  Univer- 
sity, to  the  College  of  Physicians,  Edinburgh, 
and  to  the  Royal  Academies  of  Science  of 
Paris,  St.  Petersburg  and  Madrid.  If  none  of 
these  cared  to  purchase  it  en  bloc  it  was  to  be 
broken  up  and  sold  at  auction.  Owing  to  the 
desire  of  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons to  see  the  library  of  Sir  Robert  Cotton 
properly  housed  and  joined  to  the  Harleian 
collection  of  manuscripts,  a  proposal  to  buy 
the  Sloane  collection  prevailed. 

Robert  Harley,  Earl  of  Oxford,  although  by 
no  means  a  model  statesman,  will  always  be 
held  in  high  regard  for  his  service  to  litera- 
ture in  collecting  manuscripts  which  have 
proved  to  be  of  priceless  value.  Incorporated 
in  his  collection  were  many  papers  of  Sir  Sy- 
monds  D'Ewes,  the  majority  of  the  Graevius 
manuscripts,  the  collections  of  Stow,  the  his- 
torian of  London,  and  manuscript  material, 
formerly  the  property  of  Nicholas  Charles, 
Lancaster  herald.  Much  of  the  credit  must  be 
shared  with  the  man  who  eventually  became 
custodian  of  the  Harleian  manuscripts,  Hum- 
phrey Wanley,  who  was  remarkably  well 
posted  on  the  libraries  of  his  day,  and  whose 
advice  in  the  purchase  of  collections  of  manu- 
scripts Harley  was  always  ready  to  accept. 

MONTAGUE  HOUSE 

In  order  to  house  these  three  collections  the 
Government  purchased  Montague  House,  which 
had  been  built  in  the  latter  part  of  the  seven- 
teenth century  by  the  first  Duke  of  Montague, 
and  was  located  on  the  north  side  of  Great 
Russell  street.  It  was  originally  surrounded 
by  a  garden,  to  which  the  public  was  admitted 
only  by  "particular  leave,  unless  accompanied 


September,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


501 


by  a  trustee,  by  a  lady  of  the  trustee,  or  by 
one  of  the  officers  of  the  Museum."  Visitors 
were  cautioned  against  treading  on  the  flowers 
and  "no  dogs"  were  admitted.  Though  there 
is  no  garden  on  the  present  site  of  the  Museum, 
the  rule  against  dogs  is  still  in  force,  and  the 
gatekeeper  is  occasionally  seen  chasing  a  dog 
out  of  the  front  yard.. 

An  anonymous  writer  has  left  some  inter- 
esting reminiscences  of  Montague  House, 
which  have  been  printed  by  Fagan.*  "It  was 
entered,"  says  this  writer,  "by  a  sort  of  lane 
going  down  from  Montague  Place  into  what 
must  have  been  at  one  time  a  stableyard.  You 
then  went  up  a  stair-case  into  a  long  lofty 
room.  ...  I  think  there  were  two  great  sort 
of  chests  of  hot-water  pipes  on  each  side  of 
the  entrance  from  the  stair-case.  The  entrance 
divided  the  room  into  two  unequal  parts,  and 
I  fancy  that  the  smaller  portion  was  reserved 
for  readers  of  mss.  The  catalog  was  in  a 
series  of  presses  near  the  west  wall,  commenc- 
ing about  opposite  the  entrance,  and  extending 
north.  The  rest  of  the  floor  of  the  room  was 
occupied  by  reading  tables.  At  the  north  end 
was  a  thing  like  a  buttery  hatch.  From  this 
you  got  your  books,  having  previously  given 
your  docket  describing  them.  The  walls  of 
the  room,  for  eight  or  ten  feet  from  the  floor, 
were  crowded  with  book-cases,  except  at  the 
entrance  and  the  hatch,  and  all  accessible  to 
the  readers  in  the  room,  I  think  that  the 
room  was  lighted  by  windows  above  the  book- 
cases, but,  as  far  as  I  can  recollect,  on  the  east 
side  only.  I  think  the  other  walls  above  the 
bookcases  resting  on  the  floor  of  the  reading 
room  were  also  covered  with  bookcases,  but 
these  not  accessible  from  the  reading  room,  but 
from  galleries,  etc.,  opening  into  other  parts 
of  the  building.  I  recollect  nothing  about  the 
ventilation,  but  I  know  that  after  working 
some  time  you  found  your  head  very  hot  and 
heavy  and  your  feet  cold.  These  were  the 
symptoms  of  the  'Museum-megrims'  about 
which  there  was,  shortly  after  my  experience 
of  the  place,  a  deal  of  chaff  in  the  papers.  I 
fully  sympathized  with  it  at  the  time." 

The  phrase  "Museum  megrims"  was  coined 
to  describe  the  uncomfortable  sensations  which 
were  apt  to  follow  a  long  stay  in  the  reading 
room.  While  the  existence  of  the  Museum 
headache  has  been  doubted  and  it  has  been 
given  a  place  among  the  maladies  imaginaires, 

*  Life    of    Panizzi,    v.    i.    p.    347. 


there  was  a  good  deal  said  about  it  in  the 
papers  at  one  time  and  another.  There  were 
also  numerous  complaints  of  overcrowding  and 
of  foul  air.  Another  story  about  the  reading 
room  was  that  there  was  a  "flea  generated  in 
that  room  larger  than  any  to  be  found  else- 
where, except  in  the  receiving  rooms  of  work- 
houses." In  July,  1828,  the  trustees  directed 
that  in  case  of  an  actual  overflow  of  the  main 
reading  room  the  manuscript  room  was  to  be 
considered  and  used  as  an  additional  reading 
room.  "That  this  order  must  ultimately  have 
been  acted  upon  was  evident  to  everyone  who 
saw  and  smelt  these  rooms  when  occupied  by 
readers,"  said  John  Winter  Jones  in  1859. 

FRIENDS  AND  FOES 

There  was  at  first  considerable  doubt  in 
some  quarters  as  to  the  outcome  of  the  estab- 
lishment of  this  new  institution.  The  poet 
Gray  was  a  frequent  visitor  to  the  reading 
room  in  its  early  days,  and  in  a  letter  to  the 
Rev.  William  Mason,  dated  July  23,  1759,  he 
says:  "I  am  just  settled  in  my  new  habitation 
in  Southampton  Row,  and,  though  a  solitary 
and  dispirited  creature,  not  unquiet  nor  wholly 
unpleasant  to  myself.  The  Museum  will  be 
my  chief  amusement.  I  this  day  passed 
through  the  jaws  of  a  great  leviathan  that 
lay  in  my  way  into  the  belly  of  Dr.  Temple- 
man,  superintendent  of  the  reading  room,  who 
congratulated  himself  on  the  sight  of  so  much 
good  company.  We  were — a  man  that  writes 
for  Lord  Royston;  a  man  that  writes  for  Dr. 
Barton  of  York;  a  third  that  writes  for  the 
Emperor  of  Germany  or  Dr.  Peacock,  for  he 
speaks  the  worst  English  I  ever  heard;  Dr. 
Stukeley,  who  writes  for  himself,  the  very 
worst  person  he  could  write  for;  and  I,  who 
only  read  to  know  if  there  were  anything 
worth  writing,  and  that  not  without  some  diffi- 
culty. I  find  that  they  printed  one  thousand 
copies  of  the  Harleian  catalogue,  and  sold 
fourscore;  that  they  have  900  pounds  a  year 
income  and  spend  1300  pounds,  and  that  they 
are  building  apartments  for  the  under-keepers. 
So  I  expect  in  winter  to  see  the  collection  ad- 
vertised and  set  to  auction."  After  the  French 
Revolution  there  was  a  considerable  increase 
in  the  number  of  readers,  due  to  the  influx  of 
French  refugees,  who  endeavored  to  relieve 
the  tedium  of  their  exile  by  making  use  of  the 
reading  room.  Benjamin  Disraeli  says  that 
when  his  father  first  frequented  the  reading 


502 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


room,  towards  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury, his  companions  never  numbered  half-a- 
dozen.  "Now,"  he  added,  "these  daily  pil- 
grims of  research  may  be  counted  by  as  many 
hundreds." 

"It  seems  to  me  highly  expedient,"  said  John 
Wilkes  in  the  House  of  Commons  April  28, 
1777,  "that  the  trustees  of  the  British  Museum 
should  not  only  be  enabled  adequately  to  ful- 
fil the  objects  of  their  public  trust  by  mak- 
ing what  is  already  collected  as  useful  as  pos- 
sible to  the  nation,  but  still  further  to  extend 
the  laudable  purposes  of  their  institution.  .  .  . 
The  British  Museum  is  rich  in  manuscripts 
.  .  .  especially  on  our  own  history;  but  it  is 
wretchedly  poor  in  printed  books.  I  wish,  sir, 
a  sum  was  allowed  by  Parliament  for  the  pur- 
chase of  the  most  valuable  editions  of  the  best 
authors  and  an  act  passed  to  •  oblige  every 
printer,  under  a  certain  penalty,  to  send  a  copy 
bound  of  every  publication  he  made  to  the 
British  Museum.  Our  posterity,  by  this  and 
other,  acquisitions,  might,  perhaps,  possess  a 
more  valuable  treasure  than  even  the  celebrated 
Alexandrian  collection;  for,  notwithstanding 
the  selfishness  which  marks  the  present  age,  we 
have  not  quite  lost  sight  of  every  beneficial 
prospect  for  futurity.  Considerable  donations 
might  likewise,  after  such  a  sanction  of  Par- 
liamentary approbation,  be  expected  from  pri- 
vate persons,  who  in  England,  more  than  in 
any  country  in  the  world,  have  enlarged  views 
for  the  general  good  and  glory  of  the  State." 
The  interest  taken  in  the  Museum  at  this  time 
is  shown  by  the  fact  that  on  this  occasion  Ed- 
mund Burke  moved  that  instead  of  £3000  the 
sum  of  £5000  should  be  granted  for  mainte- 
nance, but  the  motion  was  lost. 

While  the  institution  soon  won  friends  for 
itself,  there  were  doubting  Thomases  springing 
up  and  asking  impertinent  questions,  as  did 
William  Cobbett,  who  as  late  as  1833  stren- 
uously opposed  the  proposition  that  £16,000 
should  be  voted  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
Museum.  This  pugnacious  and  virulent  writer 
wanted  to  know  "of  what  use  in  the  wide 
world  was  this  British  Museum,  and  to  whom, 
to  what  class  of  persons,  it  was  useful  ?  It  did 
a  great  deal  of  good  to  the  majority  of  those 
who  went  to  it,  but  to  nobody  else.  Let  those 
who  lounged  in  it,  and  made  it  a  place  of 
amusement,  contribute  to  its  support.  Why 
should  tradesmen  and  farmers  be  called  upon 
to  pay  for  the  support  of  a  place  which  was 


intended  only  for  the  amusement  of  the  curious 
and  the  rich,  and  not  for  the  benefit  or  for  the 
instruction  of  the  poor?  If  the  aristocracy 
wanted  the  Museum  as  a  lounging  place,  let 
them  pay  for  it.  For  his  own  part,  he  did  not 
know  where  this  British  Museum  was,  nor  did 
he  know  much  of  the  contents  of  it;  but  from 
the  little  he  had  heard  of  it,  even  if  he  knew 
where  it  was,  he  would  not  take  the  trouble 
of  going  to  see  it  He  should  like  to  have  a 
list  of  the  salaried  persons;  he  should  like  to 
know  who  they  were;  he  should  like  above  all 
things  to  see  whether  they  were  not  some  de- 
pendants of  Government — some  of  the  aristo- 
cratic fry.  He  wanted  their  names — the  names 
of  the  maids  who  swept  out  the  rooms,  to  see 
whose  daughters  they  were ;  whether  they  were 
the  daughters  of  the  heads  of  the  establish- 
ment, or  what  other  relation  they  bore  to 
them."  He  concluded  by  declaring  that  "this 
British  Museum  job  was  one  of  the  most  scan- 
dalous that  disgraced  the  Government,  and 
when  he  said  that  he  could  not  make  it  more 
disgraceful." 

EARLY  RULES  AND  REGULATIONS 

In  1759  the  trustees  of  the  British  Museum 
stated  that  the  required  attendance  of  the  offi- 
cers during  the  whole  six  hours  that  the  Mu- 
seum was  open,  was  not  a  wanton  or  useless 
piece  of  slavery  "as  the  two  vacant  hours  (if 
it  is  not  thought  too  great  a  burden  upon  the 
officers)  might  very  usefully  be  employed  by 
them  in  better  arranging  the  several  collec- 
tions, especially  in  the  Department  of  Manu- 
scripts, and  preparing  catalogs  for  publication, 
which  last  the  committee  thinks  so  necessary  a 
work  that  till  this  is  performed  the  several  col- 
lections can  be  but  imperfectly  useful  to  the 
public."  From  this  it  is  evident  that  the  offi- 
cers had  but  two  hours  to  spare  from  their 
chief  work  as  guides  to  the  institution.  In 
1807  an  official  report  says  that  these  assistant 
librarians  did  not  understand  that  they  were 
under  "any  specific  obligation  to  do  any  specific; 
duties  of  that  description."  The  £2000  an- 
nually spent  in  salaries  at  that  time  were  ap- 
parently for  the  purpose  of  showing  strangers 
through  the  institution  and  providing  attend- 
ants for  the  Reading  Room. 

According  to  the  statutes,  notice  was  to  be 
given  in  writing  the  day  before  to  the  officer 
and  attendants  by  each  person  of  "what  book 
or  manuscript  he  will  be  desirous  of  perusing 


BRITISH  MUSEUM 


Front  Colonnade 

Entrance  Hall 

Room  of  Inscription 

Roman  Gallery 

Trustees'  Room 

Director's  Offlcf 

Study 

First  Gneco.Roman  Room 

Second  Greece-Roman  Rni. 

Third  Greco-Roman  Rm. 

Staircase  to  Grieco-Rom*n 

Basement  and  Cast  Room 
Archaic-  Greek    Sonlptunj 

Room 

Ante-Room 
Ephesiis  Room 
Els;in  Room 
Phipileinn   Room,    with 

Basement  Room  of 

Grseco-Roman  Menu. 

rnents  beneath 
Mausolenin  Roorfi 
Nereid  Koom 
Northern  Egypt  tan 

Vestibule 
Northern  EKypt.at, 

Gallery 
Egyptian  Cen 


IIIEHHWHSm 


».  Lavatories        [Gallery 
14.  Southern  Egyptian 
35.  Assyrian  Transept 
tn.  Nimroud  Gallery 
•7  &  28.  Assyrian  Saloon 
Ja    Nimroud  Central 

.Saloon 

30    Ninaveh  Gallery 
Jl    North  West  Kt»irca*e 
«.  Ladies'  Laratory 
3*    Arch  Room 


34.  Seocnd  Supplementary  46.  Catalogue  Room 

Room'  16.  North  East  StairoaM 

3b.  First      Supplemental  47.  Lavatoriaa 
Room.  48.  Study 

86.  North  West  Lobby          49.  Sorting  Room 

37.  Cracherode  Room 

38.  Study 

39  to  41.  Central  Northern  51.  Studies 

Library  )6.  Chinese  and    Japanese 

42.  Music  Room.  Library 

43.  Banksian  Room  56.  Manuscript  Saloon 

44.  North  East  Room  S7    OrientalStudents'ttooro 


. 

50  to  52.  King's  Library 
S3.  Hebrew  Library 


OreariUe  Library  68. 

Egerton  Room  69. 

Manuscript  Map  Room 
Passage  70. 

Study 

Middle  Room  of  M  88.      7J 
South  Room  of  Mas. 
Sorting  and  Attendants'  73. 

Rooms 

Students'  Koomfor  M88.  74. 
Copyright  OfHr*  7i. 

Stmdy 


Newspaper  Room 
Newspaper     Reading 

Room 
Staircase  to  Manuscript 

Department 
k  72.  Studies,   Manu- 
script  Department 
,  Work  Ruom,  Mann- 
script  Department 
.  Mounters'  Km..  Print* 
.  Aasintauts'  Room, 
PrinU 


76.  Studies 

77.  Oriental  Library 

78.  Area 

79.  Passages 

80.  Reading-Room  Corndor 

81.  Female  R«ad«n' 
Cloak-Boom  4  Lavatoi? 

to.  Male  Reader*'  Cloak- 

Room,  etc. 
83.  Female  Students'  Lava. 

tory 
H4.  Principal  Staircase 


BRITISH    MUSEUM— PLAN   OF   THE   GROUND    FLOOR 


504 


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[September,  1913 


the  following  day;  which  book  or  manuscript 
on  such  request  will  be  lodged  in  some  con- 
venient place  in  the  same  room  and  will  from 
thence  be  delivered  to  him  by  the  officer  of  the 
said  roora" 

It  is  amusing  to  read  of  the  regulations  con- 
cerning the  admission  of  visitors  in  these  early 
days.  "This  Museum,  though  chiefly  designed 
for  the  use  of  learned  and  studious  men,  both 
natives  and  foreigners,  ...  it  being  a  national 
establishment,  founded  by  authority  of  Par- 
liament, it  may  be  judged  reasonable  that  the 
advantages  accruing  from  it  should  be  rendered 
as  general  as  possible."  It  was  accordingly 
ruled  "that  such  studious  and  curious  persons 
as  are  desirous  of  seeing  the  Museum  shall 
make  their  application  to  the  porter  in  writ- 
ing; which  application  shall  contain  their 
names,  condition  and  place  of  abode,  as  also 
the  day  and  hour  at  which  they  desire  to  be 
admitted,  and  shall  be  delivered  to  him  before 
nine  in  the  morning  or  between  four  and  eight 
in  the  evening,  on  some  preceding  day;  and 
that  the  said  names,  together  with  the  respec- 
tive additions,  shall  be  entered  in  a  register  to> 
be  kept  by  the  porter.  And  the  porter  shall, 
and  is  hereby  required  to  lay  such  register 
every  night  before  the  principal  librarian,  or, 
in  his  absence,  before  the  under  librarian,  .  .  . 
to  the  end  that  he  may  be  informed  whether 
the  persons  so  applying  be  proper  to  be  ad- 
mitted according  to  the  regulations.  .  .  .  And 
if  he  shall  judge  them  proper  he  shall  direct 
the  porter  to  deliver  tickets  to  them,  according 
to  their  request,  on  their  applying  a  second 
time  for  the  said  ticket."  No  more  than  ten 
tickets  were  to  be  delivered  for  each  hour. 
The  visitors  were  to  be  conducted  through  the 
Department  of  Manuscripts  and  Medals,  then 
the  Department  of  Natural  and  Artificial  Pro- 
ductions, and  afterwards  the  Department  of 
Printed  Books.  One  hour  only  was  allowed  to 
the  several  groups  for  viewing  each  depart- 
ment. The  demand  for  tickets  was  such  that 
months  would  sometimes  elapse  between  the 
date  of  application  and  admission.  In  1804  the 
trustees  adopted  a  "plan  for  the  more  easy  ad- 
mission to  the  British  Museum,"  which  al- 
lowed for  a  maximum  of  seventy-five  visitors 
per  day.  Tickets  of  admission  for  general  vis- 
itors were  abolished  in  1808. 

Sir  Joseph  Banks  in  1809  defined  a  museum 
as  "a  collection  formed  for  the  purpose  of  ad- 
ministering instruction  in  the  form  of  amuse- 


ment, and  thus  endeavoring  to  awake  latent 
curiosity."  His  idea  was  that  the  Museum  was 
not  concerned  with  anything  not  adapted  for 
public  exhibition.  He  thought  that  the  zoolog- 
ical specimens  preserved  in  alcohol,  where  not 
capable  of  being  stuffed,  should  be  transferred 
to  the  College  of  Surgeons,  because  "the  room 
where  they  are  kept  must  inevitably  smell 
strongly  of  spirits,"  and  "they  are  frequently 
designated  by  the  opprobrious  appellation  of 
hob-goblins."  Robert  Brown,  the  botanist,  who 
had  been  librarian  to  Sir  Joseph  Banks,  said 
before  the  Parliamentary  Investigating  Com- 
mission of  1848  that  when  he  came  to  the  Mu- 
seum in  1827  most  of  the  natural  history  speci- 
mens were  in  an  advanced  state  of  decomposi- 
tion, and  that  they  were  buried  and  committed 
to  the  flames  one  after  another.  Dr.  Shaw  had 
a  burning  every  year  which  he  called  his 
"cremations."  Brown,  on  being  asked  whether 
there  were  any  of  the  insects  remaining-  of  the 
5394  which  had  been  collected  by  Sir  Hans 
Sloane,  said  that  he  thought  not,  nor  did  he 
think  that  there  was  a  single  specimen  left  of 
Sir  Joseph  Banks's  collection  of  birds.  "I 
know,"  he  added,  "there  was  a  considerable 
number  of  bottles  which  contained  birds,  partly 
in  spirits  of  wine,  partly  dry,  consisting  of 
skins  merely.  They  were  transferred  with 
other  objects,  chiefly  of  comparative  anatomy, 
to  the  College  of  Surgeons,  and  among  these 
birds  were  certainly  some  which  had  no  busi- 
ness at  the  College  of  Surgeons;  but  they 
wished  to  have  the  bottles,  otherwise  they 
would  probably  not  have  taken  them ;  the  bot- 
tles were  of  some  value  to  them."  This  treat- 
ment of  the  natural  history  collections  in  the 
early  days  of  the  British  Museum  shows  the 
lack  of  interest  in  the  scientific  side  of  the  in- 
stitution, where  letters  have  always  been  the 
more  prominent.  Later  on  Panizzi  advocated 
the  separation  of  the  scientific  collections  from 
the  Museum  proper,  and  the  building  of  a 
special  museum  for  their  housing.  He  had  no 
sympathetic  interest  in  natural  history  and,  as 
Macaulay  said,  "would  at  any  time  have  given 
three  mammoths  for  one  Aldus." 

In  1823-28  the  eastern  wing  of  the  present 
building  was  erected  to  receive  the  library  of 
George  III.  The  structure,  a  hollow  square  with 
an  imposing  Ionic  facade,  was  not  completed 
until  1847.  By  that  time  the  collections  had 
grown  to  such  an  extent  that  some  relief  was 
necessary,  and  in  1854  Parliament  was  per- 


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505 


suaded  to  make  a  grant  of  £100,000  for  new 
buildings  and  fittings,  which  included  £61,000 
"for  the  erection  of  a  building  within  the  in- 
terior quadrangle  for  the  purpose  of  affording 
increased  accommodation."  The  new  reading 
room  was  begun  at  once,  but  took  three  years 
to  complete.  Additional  grants  having  been 
made  brought  the  expense  up  to  £150,000.  The 
structure  consisted  largely  of  iron  with  brick 
arches  between  the  main  ribs.  The  parts  of 
the  quadrangle  not  occupied  by  the  circular 
reading  room  were  filled  up  with  concentric 
circles  and  straight  corridors  of  book  shelves 
made  of  iron  standards  in  three  and  four  tiers. 
The  corridors  are  about  eight  feet  in  width 
from  press  to  press.  A  light  iron  rail  runs 
in  front  of  the  presses  at  a  distance  of  about 
a  foot.  At  the  top  of  each  press  there  is  a 
series  of  wheels,  two  on  either  side,  which  run 
along  narrow  ledges  fastened  to  the  girders 
supporting  the  floor  above.  From  these  de- 
pend sliding  movable  presses  or  book  cases 
provided  with  handles  which  enable  them  to 
be  pushed  backwards  and  forwards  with  great 
ease.  On  the  basement  floor  there  are  sliding 
presses  for  bound  volumes  of  newspapers  and 
large  folios,  but  these  move  on  runners  on  the 
ground  instead  of  being  suspended  from  the 
beams  overhead.  There  are  over  700  of  these 
sliding  presses  in  use,  and  additional  ones  are 
added  each  year.  The  main  building  was  en- 
larged in  1873,  and  again  in  1888.  In  1895 
several  acres  of  ground  were  secured  for  the 
King  Edward  VII.  wing. 

BENEFACTORS 

The  Museum  has  been  the  recipient  of  many 
rich  bequests  of  books.  The  learned  Jew, 
Solomon  Da  Costa,  gave  his  collection  of  He- 
brew books  to  the  "magnanimous  nation"  in 
return  for  the  blessings  which  he  had  enjoyed 
since  his  arrival  in  England  in  1704.  In  1768 
the  library  of  Thomas  Burch  was  received  by 
bequest,  and  in  1779  there  came  the  collection 
of  plays  which  had  been  made  by  David  Gar- 
rick. 

One  of  the  Museum  trustees,  the  Rev.  Gay- 
ton  Mordaunt  Cracherode,  who  died  in  1799, 
left  behind  him  4500  volumes  remarkable  for 
their  rarity  and  the  excellence  of  the  editions, 
together  with  seven  portfolios  of  drawings  and 
one  hundred  portfolios  of  prints,  with  coins 
and  gems  deemed  "worthy  of  an  imperial  cab- 
inet." All  these  collections  were  left  by  his 


will  to  the  British  Museum;  only  two  books 
were  excepted,  namel}',  the  "Complutensian 
Polyglot"  and  the  first  edition  of  Homer,  which 
had  formerly  belonged  to  De  Thou,  but  even 
these  volumes  came  ultimately  to  the  Museum 
through  the  friends  to  whom  they  had  been 
willed.  It  was  from  the  Cracherode  collection 
of  prints  that  Dighton  made  the  thefts  referred 
to  elsewhere. 

In  1825  Sir  Richard  Colt  Hoare,  who  had 
spent  five  years  in  collecting  books  in  Italy, 
presented  a  collection  of  books  on  the  history 
and  topography  of  Italy,  of  which  he  printed  a 
catalog  in  1812.  Thomas  Grenville  had  orig- 
inally bequeathed  his  rich  library  to  the  Duke 
of  Buckingham,  but  revoked  this  bequest  in  a 
codicil  dated  October,  1845.  Here  Grenville 
expressed  his  feelings  thus:  "A  great  part  of 
my  library  has  been  purchased  from  the  profits 
of  a  sinecure  office  given  me  by  the  public,  and 
I  feel  it  to  be  a  debt  and  a  duty  that  I  should 
acknowledge  this  obligation  by  giving  that  li- 
brary, so  acquired,  to  the  British  Museum  for 
the  use  of  the  public."  In  this  way  the  Mu- 
seum received  about  20,000  volumes,  upon 
which  he  had  expended  £54,000.  The  collec- 
tion consisted  chiefly  of  printed  books,  many 
of  them  unique  specimens,  among  the  most 
valuable  of  which  were  the  Homers,  the 
,/Esops  and  the  Ariostos,  the  early  voyages 
and  travels,  works  on  Ireland,  the  Greek  and 
Latin  classics,  and  the  old  Italian  and  Spanish 
literature.  Included  in  the  collection  was  a 
copy  of  the  first  folio  of  Shakespeare,  and 
other  old  English  books.  The  catalog  of  the 
library  was  published  under  the  title  of  "Bib- 
liotheca  Grenvilliana"  between  1842  and  1848. 
The  credit  for  the  acquisition  of  this  great  gift 
must  be  given  to  Panizzi.  When  the  latter 
was  asked  by  Grenville  where  he  would  put  the 
books  if  received,  he  showed  him  an  unoccu- 
pied part  of  the  King's  Library,  saying,  "I 
will  put  them  here  where  they  will  be  under 
my  own  eye." 

The  collection  of  Obadiah  Rich  was  placed 
in  the  British  Museum  "for  .the  benefit  of  the 
public,"  the  plays  collected  by  David  Garrick 
were  presented  in  1779,  and  the  botanical  li- 
brary of  Sir  Joseph  Banks  came  as  a  bequest 
in  1820.  Those  who  are  fond  of  dwelling  on 
the  things  that  might  have  been  will  be  inter- 
ested in  the  gifts  that  have  been  diverted  for 
one  reason  or  another  from  the  British  Mu- 
seum. The  neglect  of  the  library  at  a  certain 


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period  and  especially  the  sale  of  duplicate 
books  decided  certain  promised  benefactors  to 
bequeath  their  collections  to  other  institutions. 
Lord  Fitzwilliam,  who  died  in  1816,  had  in- 
tended to  will  his  collection  to  the  national 
library,  but  on  learning  that  duplicates  were 
liable  to  be  sold  or  lost,  bequeathed  his  library 
to  Cambridge  University.  Douce  and  Gough 
favored  the  Bodleian  in  disposing  of  their  col- 
lections. 

THE   CATALOGS 

Much  interesting  history  centers  around  the 
making  of  the  various  Museum  catalogs.  The 
first  catalog  appeared  in  1787  in  two  folio  vol- 
umes. Dr.  Garnett  has  said  that  the  compilers 
seem  to  have  adopted  as  their  principle  the  idea 
that  "the  cataloger  who  looks  beyond  the  title 
page  is  lost."  The  makers  of  this  first  catalog 
ascribed  to  Shakespeare  such  works  as  the 
"London  prodigal"  and  "Mucedorus."  They 
made  no  distinction  between  writers  of  the 
same  name.  Since  two-thirds  of  the  time  of 
the  compilers  was  occupied  in  other  work  than 
that  of  cataloging,  we  must  not  be  too  severe 
in  judging  the  imperfections  of  the  result.  The 
catalog  compiled  by  Sir  Henry  Ellis  and  Mr. 
Baber,  printed  in  1819,  failed  to  make  any  dis- 
tinction between  Emmanuel,  Prince  of  Peace, 
and  Emmanuel,  King  of  Portugal.  The  addi- 
tion of  the  King's  Library  in  1828  rendered  a 
new  catalog  of  the  Museum  library  necessary. 
The  Rev.  T.  H.  Home  was  engaged  as  a  tem- 
porary assistant,  together  with  Mr.  Frederick 
Madden,  Mr.  Tidd  Pratt  and  others  to  classify 
the  collection,,  but  when  asked  in  1834  for  a 
statement  as  to  the  progress  made  Mr.  Home 
was  only  able  to  say  that  the  classes  of  chem- 
ical and  medical  philosophy  had  been  classed 
by  him  personally  into  twenty  subdivisions. 
The  trustees  after  looking  over  the  classifica- 
tion decided  to  spend  no  more  money  along 
that  line.  Mr.  Baber  had  proposed  a  new  cat- 
alog to  be  made  under  the  direction  of  a  com- 
petent person,  "an  extra  assistant  librarian," 
Antonio  Panizzi  by  name.  Instead  of  this 
recommendation  being  carried  out,  the  catalog 
was  entrusted  to  four  people  working  inde- 
pendently. When  Panizzi  succeeded  to  the 
headship  of  the  printed  book  department  in 
1837  the  trustees  decided  upon  a  new  method 
of  procedure  and  the  famous  91  rules  were 
drawn  up.  The  trustees  unfortunately  ruled 
that  the  catalog  should  be  in  print  by  Decem- 
ber, 1844,  which  necessitated  printing  in  alpha- 


betical succession  and  diverted  much  of  the 
staff  from  cataloging  to  proofreading. 

"You  would  soon  get  a  catalog  printed  if 
the  library  of  the  British  Museum  was  re- 
quired to  be  sold  by  auction,"  said  Peter  Cun- 
ningham before  the  Parliamentary  Commission 
Feb.  9,  1849.  When  asked  whether  he  thought 
that  a  catalog  such  as  was  prepared  for  the 
sale  of  the  Stowe  Library  would  answer  the 
purposes  contemplated,  Cunningham  replied 
that  there  was  sometimes  too  much  informa- 
tion in  that.  The  accounts  of  particular  books 
are  written  with  a  view  to  interesting  the  peo- 
ple who  look  over  the  catalog  with  a  view  to 
purchasing.  "I  do  not  want  to  be  told  that 
such  a  book  is  extremely  rare, — I  will  find  that 
out,"  said  he. 

As  an  example  of  the  difficulties  of  catalog- 
ing, Mr.  Payne  Collier  gave  some  evidence  to 
the  Royal  Commission.  He  suggested  a  quick 
method  of  getting  the  work  done.  In  order 
to  test  Mr.  Collier's  recommendation,  twenty- 
five  titles  were  selected  and  cataloged.  When 
the  result  was  examined  it  was  found  that  there 
were  thirteen  different  kinds  of  errors ;  on  the 
average  each  title  entry  contained  two  blunders. 

Thomas  Carlyle,  in  stating  to  the  Parlia- 
mentary Commissioners  the  inconveniences  to 
which  he  had  been  subjected  in  consulting  the 
library,  said:  "In  the  first  place,  there  is  no 
printed  catalog  of  the  library  at  all  to  be  had. 
There  seems  to  be  one  copy  only  of  the  cat- 
alog, a  great  part  of  which  is  in  manuscript, 
and  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  find  any  book  in 
it.  I  should  consider  that  it  was  necessary  to 
have  a  printed  catalog  that  you  might  take 
home  with  you  and  consult  at  your  leisure, 
and  see  what  book  you  wished  to  have  to 
study;  and  in  so  large  a  collection  as  this  I 
should  consider  that  there  ought  to  be  catalogs 
of  specific  subjects,  which  you  could  buy  and 
take  home  with  you.  Out  of  the  300,000  vol- 
umes in  this  library,  works  upon  specific  sub- 
jects should  be,  by  intelligence  and  method, 
brought  into  groups,  so  that  you  might  find 
out  the  particular  works  you  had  to  consult. 
But  at  all  events  there  should  be  a  catalog, 
always  at  once  accessible,  which  you  might  ob- 
tain and  carry  with  you,  and  investigate  with 
perfect  freedom  whenever  you  pleased.  There 
ought  to  be  a  catalog  of  the  Museum,  drawn 
up  with  the  best  skill  possible,— a  general  cat- 
alog; and  there  ought  to  be  all  manner  of 
specific  catalogs,  and  those  catalogs  ought  to 


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be  circulated  over  Great  Britain,  so  that  a 
.studious  man  might  be  able  to  ascertain  what 
books  he  could  get  here  when  he  came  to 
-London.  There  is  such  a  catalog  of  the  Har- 
leian  manuscripts;  a  person  buys  that,  and 
again  and  again  he  consults  it,  and  he  reads  it 
over  a  dozen  times,  in  order  to  see  whether 
there  is  anything  in  it  that  will  serve  him. 
That  catalog  was  drawn  up  by  Wanley,  the 
Earl  of  Oxford's  librarian,  a  man  who  under- 
stood the  business,  and  who  seems  to  have 
taken  great  pains  with  it.  The  want  of  a 
printed  catalog  of  the  books  in  the  British 
Museum  Library  is  an  immense  evil,  and  it  has 
been  rendered  considerably  more  so  by  the  new 
regulation,  under  which  you  are  obliged  to 
seek  the  book  out  of  the  catalog  before  the 
officer  will  at  all  stir  to  seek  it  for  you.  That 
I  have  often  found  extremely  disagreeable. 
You  go  to  your  catalog;  there  are  perhaps  20 
or  30  or  more  volumes  standing  up  in  different 
rows,  and  a  great  number  of  people  referring 
to  them,  and  you  cannot  get  hold  of  the  vol- 
ume that  you  want.  The  volumes  are  all  ar- 
ranged in  their  right  order  in  the  morning,  but 
everybody  throws  the  volume  aside  out  of  his 
hands  when  he  has  done  with  it,  and  without 
attending  to  the  order  of  arrangement.  If  you 
go  two  or  three  hours  after  the  library  is 
opened  it  is  difficult  to  discover  your  volume, 
and  perhaps  somebody  has  got  it,  and  you 
have  a  great  deal  of  trouble  in  finding  it — and 
for  what  purpose  I  do  not  know,  for  it  never 
answered  any  purpose  with  me,  but  to  waste 
time  and  patience  at  the  beginning  of  the 
business." 

In  1875,  when  Richard  Garnett  was  made 
assistant  keeper  of  printed  books,  he  was  con- 
vinced of  the  necessity  for  printing  the  catalog, 
if  for  no  other  reason  than  to  reduce  the  bulk 
of  the  volumes.  In  1879  Sir  Edward  Augustus 
Bond,  then  principal  librarian,  proposed  to  the 
Treasury  to  substitute  printing  for  writing  for 
all  future  additions  to  the  Museum  Library. 
This  was  agreed  upon,  and  an  annual  grant  of 
£10,000  was  allotted  for  the  purpose.  Shortly 
afterwards  it  was  decided  to  print  the  catalogs 
as  a  whole,,  and  in  1881  the  printing  of  the 
general  catalog,  which  had  been  suspended 
since  1841,  was  resumed.  It  took  twenty-four 
years  to  see  this  catalog  and  the  supplement 
through  the  press,  but  the  result  fully  repaid 
the  effort.  The  2000  volumes  were  thus  re- 
duced to  393  volumes,  which  were  sold  at  a 
total  cost  of  £84. 


The  catalog  is  an  alphabetical  one,  arranged 
mainly  by  authors'  names,  but  there  are  quite 
a  number  of  subject  headings  under  which 
anonymous  works  are  grouped,  e.g.,  Europe, 
London,  Witchcraft,  and  captions  like  "Ency- 
clopaedias" under  which  are  found  the  main 
entries  for  works  of  this  class.  One  of  the 
most  striking  differences  between  the  rules 
guiding  the  making  of  this  catalog  and  those 
in  force  in  most  American  libraries  is  seen  in 
the  treatment  of  anonymous  and  pseudonymous 
works.  The  British  Museum  rule  is  to  catalog 
such  works  under  the  title  or  pseudonym,  as 
the  case  may  be.  Thus  a  work  published  over 
the  initials  of  a  writer  must  be  entered  under 
those  initials.  This  occasions  entries  under 
such  groups  of  initials  as  M.  L.  C.  D.  M.  D.  L. 
D.  G.  D.  C.  D.  M.  L.  C.  D'A.  (=  Monsieur  le 
Chevalier  Duvernois  Marechal  des  Logis  Des 
Gardes  du  Corps  de  Monseigneur  le  Comte 
D'Artois)  and  T.  P.  A.  P.  O.  A.  B.  I.  T.  C.  O. 
S.  (=  The  precentor  and  prebendary  of  Alton 
Borealis  in  the  Church  of  Salisbury).  Entries 
under  the  letter  A  and  combinations  of  initials 
ending  in  A  fill  61  pages  of  the  printed  cat- 
alog; letter  B  fills  191  pages,  C  takes  147,  M 
takes  167,  S  takes  181,  and  so  on.  More  than 
800  writers  represented  in  the  Museum  (and 
some  of  them  men !)  have  tried  to  conceal  their 
identity  by  substituting  for  their  names  the 
caption  "By  a  lady."  Less  than  200  have  signed 
their  works  as  being  "By  a  gentleman."  If 
the  pseudonym  is  a  single  word  like  "Ob- 
server" or  "  Officer,"  the  main  entry  is  under 
this  word,  even  though  the  author's  real  name 
is  known.  Cross  references  are  made  from  the 
real  name.  The  pseudonym  "Catholicus"  was 
used  independently  both  by  Manning  and  by 
Newman,  and  the  one  entry  follows  immediate- 
ly after  the  other.  In  the  case  of  Daniel  De- 
foe, who  used  a  variety  of  pseudonyms,  each 
pseudonymous  work  is  entered  under  the 
pseudonym  in  question.  For  example,  his  work 
"The  Christian's  defense"  is  entered  under 
Charles  Drelincourt,  the  Elder,  but  his  satire, 
"The  trueborn  Englishman,"  is  treated  as 
anonymous,  and  is  consequently  entered  under 
the  first  important  word,  Englishman.  The 
fact  that  the  authorship  is  well  known  does  not 
affect  the  entry.  It  requires  some  little  prac- 
tice to  be  able  to  pick  out  the  important  first 
word  under  which  an  anonymous  publication  is 
entered,  and  some  patience  if  the  first  word 
is  a  very  common  one.  "An  essay  on  knowl- 
edge" will  be  found  under  "Essay,"  while  "An 


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[September,  1913 


essay  on  French  literature"  will  be  found  under 
"French  literature."  There  are  166  entries 
under  the  word  "Enquiry,"  but  600  are  found 
under  "Essay"  or  its  plural,  while  there  is  even 
a  larger  number  under  "Letter"  and  "Letters." 
A  proper  name  in  an  anonymous  title  is  always 
selected  as  the  heading.  The  early  anonymous 
editions  of  the  "Abbot"  and  of  "Waverly"  are 
still  entered  under  those  titles;  the  later  edi- 
tions bearing  the  name  of  the  author  on  the 
title  page  are  entered  under  Scott.  The  main 
entry  for  Voltaire  is  under  Arouet  de  Vol- 
taire in  the  General  Catalog  (part  issued  in 
1882) }  but  in  the  Supplement  (issued  in  1905) 
the  entry  is  under  Voltaire.  In  both  the  main 
body  of  the  catalog  and  the  supplement  the 
entry  for  Moliere  is  under  Poquelin  de 
Moliere. 

There  are  special  divisions  of  the  General 
Catalog  devoted  to  "Academies,"  "Periodical 
publications,"  "Ephemerides,"  "Liturgies,"  "Cat- 
alogues," etc.  The  academies  are  arranged  un- 
der the  name  of  the  town  where  they  are  lo- 
cated. The  index  of  titles  gives  reference  to 
the  place  under  which  the  main  entry'  is  to  be 
found,  and  the  page  of  the  catalog  listing  their 
publications.  Moreover,  each  society  or  in- 
stitution will  be  found  indexed  in  its  proper 
alphabetical  place  in  the  General  Catalog  with 
cross  reference  to  "Academies."  Societies 
which  are  not  considered  to  be  academical  in 
nature  are  placed  in  the  general  catalog  under 
the  town  in  which  are  located  their  headquar- 
ters. The  Fabian  Society  is  consequently  un- 
der "London"  and  not  under  "Academies." 

Under  the  caption  "Periodical  publications" 
are  included  all  general  periodicals  excepting 
those  issued  from  London  and  the  provincial 
newspapers.  Periodicals  issued  by  societies 
must  be  looked  for  under  the  rules  mentioned 
above.  The  treatment  of  periodical  publica- 
tions is  somewhat  similar  to  that  of  academies. 
The  main  entry  is  under  the  place  of  publica- 
tion. The  Athenaeum,  for  example,  is  not  en- 
tered under  "Athenaeum"  but  in  the  section 
"Periodical  publications"  under  "London."  The 
index  to  the  section  "Periodical  publications" 
will  guide  the  reader  to  the  sub-heading  and 
page  number.  Under  the  caption  "Epheme- 
rides" are  entered  calendars  arranged  alpha- 
betically under  the  first  important  word  of  the 
title,  whether  that  be  a  proper  name  or  not. 
The  section  devoted  to  "Liturgies"  consists  of 
776  columns,  the  index  alone  taking  up  16 
pages. 


Critics  have  again  and  again  called  attention 
to  the  pedantic  rule  of  the  catalogers  which 
makes  no  distinction  between  I  and  J  or  U 
and  V.  Of  course  it  is  a  relic  of  a  bygone 
period  when  these  four  letters  were  different 
forms  of  two  letters.  This  old  rule  causes  a 
great  deal  of  confusion,  not  only  in  the  Read- 
ing Room,  but  whenever  the  printed  catalogs 
are  used  for  bibliographical  purposes.  As  has 
been  pointed  out,  there  would  be  some  excuse 
for  such  a  rule  in  an  old  Italian  library,  but 
not  in  a  library  for  the  English  speaking 
world.  It  is  annoying  to  find  an  entry  like 
"iambic"  following  the  entry  for  "Jamaica,"  or 
"Ingersoll"  coming  after  "Jacob."  This  ar- 
rangement is  to  be  changed  within  the  next 
few  years.  The  General  Catalog  is  kept  up  to 
date  by  means  of  the  accessions  catalog,  in 
which  all  new  books  are  entered.  When  a 
new  book  is  received  at  the  Museum  it  is  sent 
to  the  catalog  department,  where  there  are 
some  fifty  assistants  employed.  The  catalog  is 
strictly  an  author  catalog,  and  as  each  book  is 
received  it  is  entered  on  a  separate  slip  under 
the  author's  name.  The  slips  are  gathered  and 
marked  with  the  call  number,  and  a  list  is 
made  up  each  fortnight  of  the  new  accessions. 
The  printed  sheets  are  distributed  to  the  sub- 
scribers and  various  institutions  entitled  to  re- 
ceive them.  Four  copies  are  cut  up  for  in- 
sertion in  the  interleaved  copy  of  the  catalog 
in  the  Reading  Room.  Each  new  entry  is  pasted 
as  near  to  its  proper  place  in  the  catalog  as 
possible.  The  Reading  Room  copy  of  the  cat- 
alog is  printed  in  one  column  on  strong  vellum 
paper,  the  second  column  being  left  blank  for 
the  insertion  of  new  titles.  The  printed  cata- 
logs by  this  system  of  interleaving  and  inser- 
tion have  been  increased  to  the  number  of  2000 
volumes,  each  capable  of  holding  9000  titles. 
Thus  accommodations  have  been  provided  for 
18,000,000  titles.  While  one  sanguine  writer 
has  estimated  that  at  the  present  rate  of  in- 
crease three  hundred  years  will  elapse  before 
the  2000  volumes  are  full,  there  is  no  doubt 
but  what  the  generations  to  come  will  demand 
a  different  sort  of  a  catalog.  We  have  re- 
cently had  evidence  of  the  dissatisfaction  with 
a  strictly  author  catalog.  (See  the  article  on 
the  "British  Museum  library  needs"  in  LI- 
BRARY JOURNAL,  v.  37,  p.  264.) 

The  subject  indexes  by  G.  K.  Fortescue,  late 
keeper  of  printed  books,  have  covered  the 
principal  works  acquired  since  1880.  Here  are 
entered  the  titles,  arranged  under  subject  head- 


September,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


509 


ings  which  are  grouped  alphabetically.  The 
first  period,  1880-1900,  is  treated  in  one  alpha- 
bet, filling  three  volumes.  The  years  1901-05 
make  up  a  supplementary  volume,  while  a  fifth 
volume  covers  the  period  1906-10.  The  scheme 
is  fully  outlined  in  the  prefaces  to  these  vol- 
umes. As  the  editor  very  properly  says,  there 
are  many  books  which  although  they  cannot  be 
definitely  classed  as  treating  of  a  distinct  sub- 


ject, may  be  usefully  included  in  a  subject  in- 
dex as  throwing  side  lights  upon  the  subjects 
under  which  they  are  arranged,  while  others, 
often  of  the  highest  value,  baffle  any  attempt 
to  classify  their  contents.  For  example,  could 
"Sartor  resartus"  be  indexed  under  Tailoring, 
or  "Voyage  autour  de  ma  chambre"  go  under 
Travel? 

{To  be  continued  in  the  October  number.) 


THE  MUNICIPAL  REFERENCE  LIBRARY  AS  AN  AID  IN  CITY  ADMINISTRATION* 
By  HON.  GEORGE  McANENY,  President,  Borough  of  Manhattan,  New  York  City 


IT  is  a  very  real  pleasure  to  meet  with  the 
American  Library  Association,  and  to  convey 
in  behalf  of  my  colleagues  in  the  administra- 
tion of  the  City  of  New  York,  and  in  behalf  of 
other  colleagues  in  public  business  throughout 
the  country,  our  hearty  congratulations  and  pos- 
sibly a  friendly  warning  and  a  word  of  appeal. 

Congratulations  are  due  you  for  having  es- 
tablished on  so  high  a  plane  and  in  so  short  a 
time  the  profession  of  Librarian.  Especially 
are  you  to  be  congratulated  for  having  wel- 
comed the  new  profession  of  municipal  refer- 
-ence  librarian ;  and  for  your  adaptability  in  the 
constant  extension  of  the  reference  work. 
Could  Benjamin  Franklin  look  upon  this  gath- 
ering}  and  hear  your  reports  of  social  service, 
through  circulating,  home,  reference  and  muni- 
cipal reference  libraries,  I  am  sure  that  no 
fruit  of  his  patriotism  would  seem  to  him  more 
promising  than  the  recent  application  of  the 
circulating  library  idea  to  government  affairs. 

My  friendly  warning  has  to  do  with  your 
requests  to  fiscal  bodies  for  appropriations. 
In  many  parts  of  the  country  there  is  a  feeling 
that  the  less  the  library  has  to  do  with  public 
officials  the  better  it  is  for  the  library,  conse- 
quently, as  a  short  cut,  we  find  compulsory 
minimum  appropriations — so  many  mills  or  so 
many  parts  of  mills  for  library  development. 
We  also  find  that  too  many  towns  are  satisfied 
with  this  compulsory  minimum  tax,  and  that 
the  only  time  their  fiscal  representatives  hear 
about  libraries  is  just  before  the  budget  ap- 
propriations are  voted.  You  must  be  indulgent 
with  those  who  vote  the  money,  if  the  outcome 
of  this  habit  suggests  the  man  who  was  ex- 
asperated by  his  wife  who  he  said  "just  nagged 

*  Delivered  at  the  Kaaterskill  Conference  of  the 
A.  L.  A.,  June  27,  1913. 


and  nagged  him  for  money,  when  he  came, 
when  he  left,  on  Sunday — always."  Finally, 
when  a  neighbor  summoned  the  courage  to  ask 
"What  in  the  world  does  she  do  with  all  the 
money?"  he,  perforce,  must  answer:  "Well,  I 
don't  know;  you  see  I  haven't  given  her  any 
yet."  Councils  and  Mayors  will  understand 
your  library  problem  best  if  you  will  help  them 
understand  at  those  quieter  seasons  of  the  year 
when  they  are  not  harassed,  as  they  are  at 
budget  time,  by  appeals  from  every  other  city 
department  and  for  every  other  thing. 

When  presenting  your  budget,  give  the  fiscal 
officer  credit  for  wanting  to  know  the  whole 
truth,  and  for  wanting  reasons  for  giving  you 
the  money  you  request.  Seldom  will  it  help 
to  ask  for  a  great  deal  more  than  you  need. 
Always,  it  will  help  not  to  present  in  a  single 
total  items  that  do  not  belong  together.  Clas- 
sify your  budget.  State  your  program,  clearly. 
If  all  the  money  you  want  is  not  voted  this 
year,  stick  clearly  to  the  plan  that  has  been 
voted,  and  show  both  the  fiscal  authorities  and 
the  town  where  your  service  has  been  crippled, 
if  at  all,  for  want  of  funds.  It  will  be  well  to 
begin  your  budget  campaign  so  that  the  first 
idea  which  the  public  and  the  fiscal  officers  get 
is  that  of  the  service  you  wish  to  render,  rather 
than  the  money  you  wish  to  get.  Most  library 
budgets,  like  most  other  budgets  of  the  United 
States,  are  apt  to  be  put  in  without  the  ex- 
planatory matter  which  alone  will  make  the 
dollar  and  cent  facts  show  social  reasons  for 
library  support. 

Now  for  my  appeal.  In  asking  you  to  con- 
sider certain  needs  of  public  business,  I  want 
to  speak  quite  frankly,  as  a  city  official  who, 
like  thousands  of  other  city  and  county  officials, 
must  step  into  other  people's  business,  with  no 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


time  for  getting  acquainted  with  detail,  and 
with  a  public  to  deal  with  that  not  only  ex- 
pects us  on  the  first  day  we  take  office  to  use 
all  the  machinery  of  our  predecessor  and  to 
get  better  results,  but  also  really  expects  us 
to  fail.  We  inherit  a  stack  of  mail.  We  are 
flooded  with  suggestions  and  complaints ;  many 
of  them  in  confidence  and  most  of  them  con- 
fusing. We  are  urged  to  attend  club  and 
church  meetings,  and  dinners,  and  graduating 
exercises.  We  are  expected,  without  any 
change  in  subordinate  personnel,  while  giving 
our  attention  to  large  community  problems 
and  to  the  political  aspects  of  public  works,  to 
get  an  efficient  product  out  of  our  employes,  no 
matter  who  they  are  or  what  they  have  been. 
In  most  places,  we  find  no  disinterested  ad- 
viser, either  on  the  inside  or  on  the  outside. 

Such  a  situation  would  not  necessarily  be 
serious  if  we  stepped  into  a  thoroughly  effi- 
cient organization  where  every  employee  and 
supervisor  had  his  place,  and  where  the  insti- 
tution as  such  has  its  "continuing  memory." 
WJien  Mr.  Rea  succeeded  Mr.  McCrea  as 
President  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  he  in- 
herited a  splendid  organization,  every  part  re- 
lated to  another  part;  a  system  under  which 
experts  had  tabulated  within  a  moment's  reach 
the  successes  and  the  failures  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  and  the  costs  of  its  various 
contracts,  the  difference  between  estimates  and 
final  costs,  and  an  efficiency  ranking  both  of 
its  various  employes  and  its  stations.  When 
the  present  administration  in  New  York  City 
stepped  into  office,  we  inherited  an  aggregation 
of  departments  and  divisions  then  spending— * 
if  we  count  in  installments  and  interest  paid  on 
the  city  debt— more  than  $160,000,000  for  the 
expenses  of  a  single  year.  There  were  ninety 
thousand  employes.  Side  by  side  with  one 
another  were  clerks  paid  one  $600  and  another 
$1800  for  the  same  kind  of  work;  in  another 
grade  were  clerks  paid  $1600  and  others  paid 
$2400  for  the  same  kind  of  work.  When  sal- 
aries had  been  increased,  and  why,  was  not  a 
matter  of  record.  Supplies  were  contracted  for 
by  no  standard  form.  Specifications,  either  for 
supplies  or  for  construction  work,  were  worded 
differently  at  different  times,  according  to  the 
individual  wish  or  whim  of  the  department 
officer  preparing  them.  The  public  was  but 
poorly  protected  at  any  point.  Plans  were 
made  for  new  buildings,  for  new  roads,  and 
for  other  vast  improvements  often  without  es- 
timates of  cost;  often  with  assurances  of  only 


slight  cost,  where,  too  frequently,  cost  had 
been  estimated  as  an  entering  wedge  only. 
Thus  a  great  city  would  stumble  into  an  ex- 
periment or  public  improvement  demanding 
millions  of  dollars,  without  ever  reckoning  the 
ultimate  amount  of  its  obligation.  For  example, 
it  may  be  fair  in  this  presence  to  recall  that 
the  first  bill  for  the  New  York  Public  Library 
carried  with  it  an  appropriation  of  $2,500,000. 
The  city  decided  to  spend  this  $2,500,000  and 
actually  it  spent  $10,000,000.  The  New  York 
Public  Library  is  worth  every  dollar  it  cost, 
ten  times  over;  I  am  merely  emphasizing  that 
the  public  should  have  had  its  eyes  open  and,  in 
this  case  as  in  every  other,  should  have  known 
what  it  is  doing.  Although  this  same  gap  oc- 
curred over  and  over  again — between  estimate 
and  actual  cost — no  steps  were  taken  to  recall 
the  fact  when  each  new  amount  was  under  con- 
sideration. 

Ignorant  as  we  have  been  of  our  own  ex- 
perience, still  less  informed  have  we  been  re- 
garding the  experience  of  neighbor  cities.  Some 
years  ago,  Denver,  in  operating  its  street  rail- 
way, found  it  expedient  to  substitute  electric 
motor  power  for  the  old  cables.  After  Denver 
had  discarded  these  cables,  Baltimore  adopted 
the  cable.  Rochester  has  recently  adopted  a 
device  to  attach  drinking  fountains  to  its 
ordinary  fire  hydrants.  The  idea  is  a  new  one, 
and  may  prove  valuable.  I  cite  it  merely  by 
way  of  instance ;  but  if  it  is  a  good  idea,  New 
York  City  and  your  city  should  adopt  it.  Each 
successive  experiment  of  the  sort  should,  at 
least,  be  brought  promptly  to  the  attention  of 
public  officials. 

Again,  New  York  City  has  worked  out  an 
improved  system  of  accounting  and  budget 
making.  The  village  of  Dobb's  Ferry,  the  cities 
of  Duluth  and  Cincinnati  have  used  an  im- 
provement upon  New  York's  budget  exhibits — 
recently  called  a  new  kind  of  "confidence 
game"— that  is  taking  the  public  into  official 
confidence  about  the  public's  own  business.  In- 
stead of  waiting  a  generation  for  cities  to 
adopt  these  new  methods,  their  officials  should 
promptly  be  given  the  facts  they  need. 

Is  it  not  criminal  waste  and  error  for  one 
city  to  introduce  a  system  of  sewer  disposal, 
or  of  milk  regulation,  which  another  city  has 
found  endangering  the  lives  of  its  citizens?  If 
a  measure  has  proved  bad  and  dangerous  for 
one  city,  modern  science  in  the  hands  of  a  li- 
brarian should  make  it  unnecessary  for  every 
other  city  to  go  through  the  same  experience. 


September,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


To  help  us  in  ending  all  this  waste,  and  to 
help  us,  in  short,  in  putting  city  government 
upon  a  thorough  scientific  and  efficient  basis, 
the  Municipal  Reference  Library  is  beginning 
to  take  its  highly  important  place.  Without  a 
municipal  reference  library,  it  will  in  future  be 
difficult  for  any  administrative  officer  to  do  his 
best.  I  will  not  attempt  to  review  the  labor- 
ious steps  of  my  colleagues  in  the  present  Board 
of  Estimate  and  Apportionment — our  governing 
municipal  body — to  incorporate  into  standard 
specifications,  standard  salaries  and  standard 
contracts  the  memory  of  our  past  failures,  so 
that  we  may  hold  the  gains  that  we  have  made 
and  avoid  the  weaknesses  and  the  errors  of  our 
inexperience.  But  I  venture  some  suggestions 
as  to  a  reference  library  that,  although  general 
in  their  application,  will  indicate  our  reasons 
for  establishing  such  a  library  in  New  York. 

Our  reasons  for  placing  the  library  in 
our  new  Municipal  Building — as  we  propose 
to  do — apply  everywhere.  It  must  be  made 
easy  for  officials  to  get  information,  and  for 
the  Librarian  to  get  the  information  promptly 
and  directly  to  the  officials.  It  is  not  enough 
to  know  that  it  may  be  had.  To  have  import- 
ant information  an  hour  away  from  the  office 
is  almost  as  bad  as  to  have  it  a  thousand  miles 
away.  It  must  be  easier  for  the  busy  official 
to  get  the  information  he  wants  than  to  endure 
the  thought  of  going  without  it.  In  putting  the 
Library  where  the  users  are,  instead  of  where 
they  are  not,  we  are  following  the  simple  rule 
of  trade  that  meters  city  property  by  the  foot 
instead  of  by  the  acre. 

The  municipal  library  is  a  place  not  for 
everything,  but  for  particularly  needed  things. 
If  it  were  true  that  Mark  Hopkins  on  one  end 
of  a  log  and  a  student  on  the  other  constituted 
a  college,  it  is  even  more  true  that  a  librarian 
in  a  bare  room,  anxious  to  serve  the  public  via 
the  public  official  and  knowing  where  the  ma- 
terial is,  constitutes  an  infinitely  better  muni- 
cipal reference  library  than  a  place  perfectly 
equipped  which  suggests  erudition  rather  than 
immediate  help.  There  is  great  danger  that 
our  municipal  reference  libraries  will  become 
junk  shops,  as  interesting  and  as  helpful,  as  out 
of  date  or  as  unrelated  to  to-day's  problems  as 
an  encyclopedia  or  a  "compendium  of  useful 
knowledge."  A  municipal  reference  library 
should  suggest  answers  to  to-day's  questions; 
not  answers  either  to  yesterday's  questions  or 
to  next  year's.  Will  you,  the  librarians,  con- 


sider the  importance  and  the  advisability  of 
keeping  these  libraries  workshops,  as  they 
ought  to  be,  and  of  using  your  general  refer- 
ence libraries  as  the  place  for  the  storage  of 
materials. 

The  ordinary  city  official  hasn't  the  time  to 
plough  through  a  mass  of  pamphlets  looking 
for  what  he  wants.  He  wants  the  facts  col- 
lated and  marshalled,  ready  for  use — and  "he 
wants  what  he  wants  when  he  wants  it."  Some 
time  ago  I  was  interested  in  drawing  an  ordi- 
nance to  license  all  vehicles  using  the  New 
York  streets,  and  to  regulate  the  weight,  the 
width  and  size  of  tires,  etc.,  of  our  great  trucks 
that  have  been  tearing  up  our  pavements.  I 
wanted  to  know  about  the  policy  of  other  cities 
in  this  matter,  and  to  devise,  if  possible,  a  way 
of  making  those  vehicles  that  destroy  the 
streets  help  pay  for  their  maintenance. 
Similarly,  to-day,  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  the  Height,  Size  and  Arrangement  of 
Buildings  within  the  city  limits,  I  am  interested 
in  the  adoption  of  some  reasonable  basis  for 
regulating  our  modern  skyscraper  in  order  to 
keep  the  city,  literally,  from  choking  itself  to 
death. 

Again,  we  have  had  to  restore  to  the  public 
many  miles  of  city  sidewalks  that  had  been  pre- 
empted by  stoops  and  other  encroachments.  We 
have  wanted  to  plan  our  public  buildings  and 
related  matters  with  a  view  to  the  future,  and 
to  the  grouping  of  city  buildings  in  a  "Civic 
Centre."  So,  in  dealing  with  our  transit  prob- 
lem; in  investigating  the  Health  Department, 
and  in  improving  the  type  and  quality  of  street 
pavements,  I  have  wanted  not  all  the  informa- 
tion there  was  to  be  had — not  books  or  formal 
reports — but  concrete  answers  to  immediately 
pressing  questions.  I  wanted  to  be  referred  to 
the  latest  article  or  report  which  would  make 
it  unnecessary  to  go  through  twenty  or  a  hun- 
dred other  articles,  books  or  reports.  It  is 
enough  to  know  that  in  a  great  central  library 
are  all  the  working  materials  for  scientific  re- 
search. Frankly,  I  feel  that  the  actual  use  that 
will  be  made  of  the  municipal  reference  library 
will  be  an  inverse  ratio  to  the  number  of  books 
that  are  in  evidence,  and  that  require  the  time 
of  the  librarian. 

I  would  go  so  far  as  to  say  that  anything 
that  a  public  official  has  not  just  called  for,  or 
that  the  librarian  is  about  to  call  to  the  atten- 
tion of  a  public  official  for  departmental  study 
or  report,  or  for  the  drawing  of  ordinances, 


512 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


should  be  kept  in  the  general  library,  and  out 
of  the  municipal  reference  library. 

Comptroller  Prendergast  and  Librarian  An- 
derson are  even  planning  to  have  New  York's 
official  correspondence  "clear"  through  the 
Municipal  Reference  Library — so  far  as  the 
writing  and  answering  of  letters  calling  for 
special  information  goes.  I  am  told  that  when 
Portland  recently  started  its  municipal  refer- 
ence library  the  Mayor  promptly  availed  him- 
self of  its  facilities  for  answering  innumerable 
sets  of  questions  and  special  questions  that 
came  from  outside  the  city,  and  advised  his 
heads  of  departments  to  follow  his  example.  I 
wish  the  Carnegie  Institution  for  Scientific  Re- 
search or  some  other  great  foundation  interest- 
ed in  the  conservation  of  national  resources 
and  human  energy  would  investigate  what  it 
is  now  costing  this  country  to  fill  out  the  in- 
numerable blanks  from  college  boys  wishing 
help  on  their  commission  government  debate; 
college  students  writing  theses;  national  or- 
ganizations compiling  reports,  etc.  Niagara 
unharnessed  was  wasting  much  less  power 
than  are  we  officials,  school  superintendents, 
mayors  and  engineers  who  are  answering  such 
questionnaires.  It  would  be  lamentable  enough 
if  we  always  answered  right;  but  most  of  us 
answer  quite  inadequately,  and  many  of  us 
answer  wrong.  Last  year,  a  certain  national 
society  wrote  me,  asking  certain  questions 
about  Civil  Service  Reform.  I  had  had  more 
or  less  to  do  for  some  years  with  that  line  of 
public  service.  My  instinct  was  to  take  time 
from  pressing  duties  to  answer  these  ques- 
tions ;  but  a  neighbor  who  answered  a  similar 
set  of  questions  was  thoughtful  enough  to  write 
to  this  national  body  and  suggest  that  before 
he  answered  he  would  like  to  know  how  many 
other  New  York  officials  and  private  agencies 
had  received  the  same  set  of  questions.  It  ap- 
peared then  that  twenty  different  people,  in- 
cluding a  dozen  officials,  had  been  asked  to  fill 
out  that  blank.  Whereupon  it  was  suggested 
that  instead  of  drawing  upon  twenty  people 
who  did  not  possess  the  facts,  the  investigator 
might  turn  directly  to  the  Civil  Service  Com- 
mission that  did  possess  the  facts,  and  there, 
no  doubt,  he  readily  found  what  he  wanted. 

Now,  if  a  municipal  reference  library  could 
have  served  as  a  clearing  house,  it  would  have 
been  brought  to  light  at  once  that  one  answer 
would  have  served  the  purpose  of  twenty,  or 
that  one  answer,  at  least,  would  have  served  the 
purpose  of  the  dozen  official  answers.  Moreover, 


just  as  the  official  reports  give  fresher  material 
than  published  books,  such  correspondence, 
manuscript  reports  of  investigating  committees, 
etc.,  give  fresher  material  than  published  re- 
ports. 

Such  data  should  be  kept  properly  classified, 
available  upon  call  or  when  the  librarian  sees 
its  time  for  usefulness. 

Another  practical  suggestion  I  make  from 
my  experience  as  an  official.  While  it  seems 
to  apply  especially  to  administrative  depart- 
ments or  to  private  agencies  specializing  in 
certain  fields,  I  really  do  not  see  much  pros- 
pect of  getting  it  unless  from  a  municipal  ref- 
erence library  or  from  the  municipal  reference 
activity  of  a  general  library.  I  refer  to  an  up- 
to-date  "Poole's"  or  cumulative  index  of  the 
passing  subject  matter  of  city  government.  You 
get,  the  library  gets,  once  a  month  a  list  of  all 
the  articles  in  the  principal  books.  Why  should 
we  not  have  a  list  of  the  advance  steps  taken 
in  public  affairs  ?  Just  as  soon  as  a  few  librar- 
ians call  for  such  information,  it  will  become 
commercially  possible  to  reduce  it.  The  in- 
dividual library  can  then  add  to  the  material 
the  particular  points  that  are  of  interest  to  its 
own  community. 

Similarly,  it  would  be  of  the  greatest  assist- 
ance to  every  city  official  if  the  matters  under 
his  jurisdiction  were  listed  and  material 
grouped  under  proper  heads.  For  example, 
the  President  of  the  Borough  of  Manhattan 
has  j  urisdiction  over  the  streets  and  sidewalks ; 
encroachments  and  encumbrances ;  street  vaults 
and  street  signs;  the  sewer  system;  the  public 
buildings;  the  baths  and  markets;  and  the 
control  of  private  building  through  the  enforce- 
ment of  the  building  laws.  If  information  in 
regard  to  what  other  cities  were  doing  in  all 
these  matters  were  listed,  plus  suggestions  and 
advance  steps  taken  in  these  same  matters  at 
home,  the  reference  librarian  would  be  of  in- 
calculable help  to  that  office. 

Finally,  just  a  word  about  the  expense  of 
the  municipal  reference  library.  The  amount 
which  it  is  justified  in  demanding  will  depend 
naturally  upon  the  service  it  renders.  The 
merit  of  our  new  segregated  and  classified 
budget  is  that  it  calls  for  the  work  needing  to 
be  done,  as  well  as  the  cost  of  not  having  the 
work  done,  and  that  it  shifts  attention  from  the 
personality  that  requests  the  budget  allowance. 
A  circumscribed  program  means  circumscribed 
budget.  Frankly,  I  believe  that  extension  of 
program  should  and  must  precede  extension  of 


September,  1913] 


THE    LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


513 


budget.  But  this  new  kind  of  social  work  which 
serves  a  community  at  those  points  where  it  is 
now  least  equipped  to  serve  itself,  will  not  want 
for  financial  support  when  it  talks  about  the 
work  that  should  be  done — and  not  about  itself. 
No  municipal  activity  will,  in  my  judgment, 


find  it  easier  in  the  next  twenty-five  years  to 
secure  adequate  financial  support  than  the 
municipal  reference  library  which  is  not  a  com- 
pendium of  knowledge,  but  a  forecaster  of 
service  needed  and  an  ever  present  help  in  time 
of  trouble. 


THE  DREAM  OF  AN  ORGANIZER :  A  LIBRARY  PHANTASY 
BY  J.  F.  HUME,  Queens  Borough  Public  Library 


THE  librarian  was  tired  to  begin  with.  He 
was  as  tired  as  an  apprentice  at  the  end  of 
her  first  day's  work.  He  had  been  through  an 
orgy  of  visiting  the  branches  of  his  library 
system,  and  his  heart  was  heavy  within  him. 

For  he  had  seen  in  one  branch  a  mechanical, 
work-dispatching  librarian  standing  stolidly  in 
the  children's  room,  while  they  ranged  about 
her,  some  vainly  trying  for  a  response  to  their 
hopes  and  wishes,  others  timidly  taking  her 
measure  from  afar,  and  the  boldest  openly 
flouting  her  abilities,  and  going  valiantly  and 
blunderingly  about  their  own  business,  with 
the  help  of  companions  a  little  more  experi- 
enced than  themselves.  To  his  query :  "Why  is 
Miss  Jones  in  the  children's  room?"  came  the 
answer:  "The  children's  librarian  is  off  duty 
to-day;  it  is  her  half-holiday." 

In  another  branch  he  had  seen  in  the  refer- 
ence room  an  awkward  girl,  of  vacuous  coun- 
tenance, fumbling  with  an  uncertain  hand 
among  the  books,  surrounded  by  an  exasper- 
ated and  impatient  group  awaiting  the  cul- 
mination of  her  incompetency.  To  this  query 
came  the  answer:  "That  is  Miss  Smith.  This 
is  the  fourth  month  of  her  apprenticeship,  and 
she  must  have  thirty  hours  work  with  the 
public." 

Still  again  he  had  seen  at  a  crowded  delivery 
desk  a  puffed  and  powdered  vision,  with  a 
Dutch  neck  and  kimono  sleeves,  smiling  at  her 
friends  and  wholly  unconscious  that  the  very 
air  about  her  vibrated  with  the  silent  malig- 
nancy of  the  waiting  line.  To  his  "Why,  oh 
why?"  came  the  reply:  "The  branch  librarian 
is  off  duty  at  this  time  to-day  and  I  am  the 
only  assistant  at  this  branch."  He  walked 
through  the  work  room  and  found  twenty  or 
thirty  new  books  standing  on  one  of  the 
shelves.  "  Why  are  not  these  books  in  circu- 
lation? They  have  been  here  since  Tuesday, 
four  days,  and  not  yet  ready  for  use.  Why  is 


this?"  "We  are  taking  the  inventory  this 
month  and  the  report  has  to  be  ready  on  the 
first,  that  is  to-morrow,  so  some  of  the  other 
work  had  to  stand  over." 

He  sighed  as  he  sat  in  his  office  thinking  of 
his  experiences  in  the  work  rooms  he  had  vis- 
ited, of  shelves  of  books  waiting  to  be  mended, 
of  cataloguing  arrearages,  of  a  vast  public  eager 
for  human  sympathy  and  guidance,  of  a  rou- 
tine driven  staff,  and  of  an  administration  de- 
partment demanding  statistics  and  uniformity 
as  an  ogre  demands  victims,  and  he  thought: 
"If  only!  we  could  let  the  catalogers  remain  in 
the  'act  o'  catalogin' — and  the  branch  librarian 
could  only  keep  her  staff  'a  j  oggin' '  each  at 
the  work  she  is  best  fitted  for,  surely  there 
would  be  economy  of  effort  and  of  appropria- 
tions, and  a  surplus  of  satisfaction  and  effi- 
ciency. And  as  he  sighed,  and  reflected,  he 
heard  the  ringing  of  the  telephone  bell  beside 
him.  "Yes,  Mr.  Smith  talking,  the  chief  libra- 
rian. Yes — yes — I  can  go  with  you.  In  five 
minutes?  Auto?  Yes.  I  will  be  ready." 

So  he  set  off  with  an  unknown  traveler  to 
visit  a  new  library,  just  opened  for  public  use 
in  a  neighboring  county,  of  which,  strange  to 
say,  he  had  never  heard. 

It  was  a  large  white  building  of  very  sim- 
ple lines,  by  day  full  of  sunlight,  diffused 
through  windows  of  great  size,  in  each  of 
which  showed  a  fair  landscape;  and  by  night 
lighted  artistically  by  indirect  light,  soft  and 
shadowless,  and  restful  to  the  eyes. 

At  the  desk  were  two  assistants,  one  charg- 
ing, one  discharging  books,  and  both  answer- 
ing an  endless  stream  of  questions.  .On  the 
floor  among  the  stacks  was  the  branch  libra- 
rian and  a  junior  assistant,  constantly  called 
upon  for  advice  or  information  as  to  the  se- 
lection and  contents  of  books — the  junior  re- 
ferring to  the  branch  librarian  any  questions 
beyond  her  ken.  In  the  children's  room  two 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913, 


librarians,  one  seated  at  the  charging  desk  and 
the  other  one  all  about  the  room.  In  the 
reference  room  another  librarian — and  here  was 
quietness ;  and  in  the  adult  reading  room  a  still- 
ness prevailed. 

"How  many  books  do  you  circulate  in  a 
day?"  The  stereotyped  question  fell  auto- 
matically from  his  lips.  "About  400 ;  say  100,- 

000  a  year,"  was  the  reply.     "You  must  have 
an  enormous  staff,  to  keep  seven  people  busy 
with  the  public  at  that  rate  of  circulation." 
"Oh,  no,  that  is  the  whole  staff."     "Oh,  you 
focus  the  assistants  here  at  this  time  of  day; 

1  see."     "Not  particularly,  their  chief  work  is 
with  the  public."     "Of  course,  their  most  im- 
portant work — but  there  must  be  a  great  deal 
of  routine  work  done  to  keep  things  in  shape." 
"No.     We're  trying  a  new   scheme  here.     It 
seems   to  please  both  the  librarians  and  the 
people — at  least  we  hear  no  complaints.    I  be- 
lieve it  will  be  a  success.    We  have  made  some 
pretty  radical  changes."    "Indeed !  Along  what 
lines?"     "These   librarians   make   no   reports, 
and  keep  no  statistics,  neither  do  they  catalog, 
shelf  list,  accession,  nor  discard  books.    They 
do  not  send  nor  receive  books  from  the  bind- 
ery nor  mend  them.    All  their  time  is  given  to 
the  true  work  of  a  librarian,  getting  the  great- 
est number  of  the  best  books  into  the  hands  of 
the  most  people.    And  they  do  it.    They  know 
their  books  and  they  come  to  know  their  peo- 
ple, and  its  live  work  and  interesting,  too." 

"Why,  it's  a  fairy  tale!  Isn't  it?  How  do 
you  do  it?  Who  does  the  work?"  "Don't 
you  think  there's  work  a-doing  here?  It  looks 
pretty  busy,  I  think."  "Work,  yes;  call  it 
drudgery  then.  Who  does  the  drudgery?" 
"No  work  is  drudgery  if  the  worker  loves  it. 
We  have  no  drudgery  in  this  library."  "Man, 
tell  me  how  you  do  it!"  "My  friend,  we  or- 
ganize. That  is  to  say,  we  specialize.  No 
one  loves  his  work  like  a  specialist.  He 
focuses  his  mind  onto  his  specialty  and  gets 
finer  and  finer  mentally,  and  finds  a  deeper 
and  deeper  satisfaction  in  his  work.  It's 
the  man  who  scatters  his  attention  that 
loses  mental  power,  and  sooner  or  later  breaks 
down.  Librarians  have  scattered  their  ener- 
gies too  much.  In  a  little  country  library 
where  the  librarian  potters  leisurely  about,  the 
situation  is  ideal;  but  multiply  your  books  by 
10,  your  borrowers  by  20,  and  your  routine 
work  by  x  times  Y,  and  you  have  got  to  spe- 
cialize or  go  mad.  We  specialized."  "We 
specialize,  too,  but  we  can't  keep  the  whole 


staff  on  the  flcor."  "Oh,  do  you?  I  thought 
the  work  was  general  at  your  branches." 
"Well,  in  a  way  it  is.  But  librarians  have  spe- 
cialized— in  work  with  children,  and  in  cata- 
loging particularly."  "Then  you  do  no  catalog- 
ing at  the  branches."  "Why,  yes,  we  do  quite 
a  bit.  You  see,  it  familiarizes  the  staff  at  the 
branch  with  their  books,  the  accessioning,  cat- 
aloging and  shelf-listing.  They  can't  help  but 
learn  something  about  the  books  that  pass 
through  their  hands  so  often.  Why,  there  are 
twenty  or  more  processes  through  which  a 
book  is  put  before  it  is  ready  for  the  shelves 
and  the  librarians  get  to  know  them- 
pretty  well."  "You  don't  mean  it.  That's 
very  liberal.  So  you  pay  $1000  a  year 
to  a  woman  while  she  equips  herself." 
"No,  no.  No  one  can  know  a  book  be- 
fore it  is  published."  "But  only  about  10  per 
cent,  of  the  books  purchased  are  new  titles. 
Why  not  let  her  look  them  over  in  a  specified 
time  as  we  do."  "You  said  you  kept  no  statis- 
tics. Intelligent  work  cannot  be  done  without 
some  basis  of  facts."  "I  didn't  say  we  kept 
no  statistics.  I  said  they  weren't  kept  at  the 
branch.  Will  you  come  with  me  to  headquar- 
ters and  I  shall  be  glad  to  show  you  our  meth- 
ods. You  can  see  how  the  scheme  works  then. 
We  act  on  the  true  Delsarte  principle,  'Control 
at  the  center,  freedom  at  the  extremities.'  We 
relieve  the  branch  libraries  of  all  routine  work, 
and  so  cut  the  branch  staff  in  half — but  there 
is  little  saving,  as  we  pay  more  for  the  better 
equipped  people  we  appoint.  Our  reference 
librarian  is  a  true  specialist,  so  also  our  chil- 
dren's librarian.  Our  branch  librarians  are  all 
things  to  all  men,  each  one  a  student  of  human 
nature,  each  one  distinguished  by  a  strong, 
responsive  and  engaging  personality.  But  let 
us  get  aboard,  Mr.  Blank,  and  we  shall  be  at 
headquarters  in  a  few  minutes.  Or  no,  while 
you  are  here  you  might  look  about  a  bit,  so  we 
needn't  return."  "Thank  you,  but  may  I  tele- 
phone my  office?  I  neglected  to  tell  my  secre- 
tary of  some  work  that  should  be  gotten  out 
at  once.  Er — er — where  is  the  telephone?" 
"Out  by  the  door.  In  fact  it's  a  slot  machine 
in  the  hallway."  "Don't  you  ever  use  the  tele- 
phone for  communication  between  the  office 
and  the  branches  ?"  "Not  to  any  great  extent. 
The  dictograph  is  better."  "Oh !  ah !  Yes,  yes, 
indeed !" 

"Finished  telephoning?  Well,  before  we  go 
come  over  and  look  at  the  catalogs.  We  use 
the  L.  C.  cards,  so  every  entry  gives  full  in- 


September,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


515 


formation.  It  saves  wear  and  tear  of  the  cat- 
alog." "I  don't  see  any  cross  reference  cards." 
"No,  we  have  a  very  complete  cross  reference 
system  at  headquarters,  but  at  the  branches  we 
cut  it  out  of  the  catalog."  "Cut  out  the  cross 
references?  Of  what  use  is  the  catalog  then? 
That's  incomprehensible — why  the  most  use- 
ful— ."  "Oh,  we  have  cross  references  here,  but 
not  in  the  old  way.  We  found  that  with  chang- 
ing assistants,  often  inexperienced,  it  took  a 
great  deal  of  time  to  keep  the  branch  catalogs 
in  order,  so  now  we  simply  file  the  subject  en- 
tries in  their  places,  and  you  see  these  copies 
of  the  A.  L.  A.  subject  headings?  We  have 
all  the  cross  references  for  this  catalog  indi- 
cated therein.  The  entries  are  kept  up  to  date 
by  a  skilled  cataloger,  whose  especial  business 
it  is  to  keep  the  branch  cross  references  in  or- 
der. Notes  are  made  by  the  catalog  depart- 
ment of  added  or  eliminated  subject  headings 
and  of  new  cross  references,  and  she  does  the 
work  correctly  and  quickly,  and  there's  no 
worry  at  headquarters  or  at  the  branch  over 
the  business.  If  the  need  is  great,  we  put  in 
enough  copies  to  serve  the  crowd  of  people 
using  cross  references.  Simple  enough,  and  it 
works  well  She  also  files  the  cards,  so  we 
know  all  is  in  order." 

"Does  she  file  shelf  list  cards  also?"  "There 
are  no  shelf  list  cards  here."  "No  shelf  list 
cards?  Why  that  is  madness — midsummer 
madness."  "Hold  on.  I  didn't  say  there  were 
none.  I  said  none  here.  The  shelf  list  is  kept 
in  the  cataloging  department."  "How  can  the 
branch  librarians  get  along  without  a  shelf  list 
at  the  branch?"  "They  have  an  accurate  cat- 
alog. That  gives  them  information  on  every 
book  in  the  branch  and  its  place." 

"How  can  they  take  inventory?"  "They 
don't  take  it."  "Don't  take—!"  "No.  I'll  tell 
you  later.  We  charge  all  their  books  to  each 
branch.  This  involves  another  great  change. 
I'll  explain  it  to  you  later,  when  we  reach  the 
administration  headquarters." 

"First  tell  me  what  sort  of  an  accession  book 
you  keep  in  this  new  library  of  yours."  "We 
don't  keep  any."  "Well,  go  on;  I'm  not  sur- 
prised at  anything  now.  I  suppose  you  file  a 
photographic  record  of  the  shelves —  "Ha! 
Ha!  You're  coming  on.  I  see  you  have  ideas 
of  your  own.  But  we  don't  do  that,  though  it's 
worth  thinking  of  a  bit.  No,  we  don't  keep  an 
accession  book  here,  but  we  do  have  a  simpli- 
fied union  accession  book  at  headquarters,  giv- 
ing only  author,  brief  title,  publisher  and  date, 


pages  and  size  are  given  if  over  or  under  a 
certain  limit."  "How  can  you  tell  the  cost  of 
a  lost  book  without  any  record  of  it?"  "There 
you  go  off  again.  We  can  keep  a  record  of 
cost,  even  if  it  is  not  in  an  accession  book. 
The  price  is  on  the  book  card.  Come  along 
now." 

"Let  me  see  the  work  rooms."  "There  is 
only  a  staff  room.  The  work  is  done  in  the 
public  rooms.  All  the  work  is  done  in  the 
public  rooms  at  branches.  There  is  a  work 
table  in  the  staff  room,  screened  off,  where  the 
mending  is  done  by  a  professional  mender,  sent 
from  headquarters,  as  often  as  necessary,  and 
a  shipping  room  downstairs,  where  books  are 
received  and  sent  away.  But  come  with  me  to 
the  central  office  and  I  will  explain  the  system 
from  the  beginning.  You  will  find  it  is  just 
as  I  say  at  the  branches.  No  work  is  done 
but  that  of  ideal  librarianship,  the  welding  of 
the  link  between  book  and  reader.  These  peo- 
ple are  true  librarians.  They  are  mature  souls, 
with  a  reminiscent  sympathy  for  every  grief 
and  needj  and  a  ripe  wisdom  and  knowledge 
with  which  to  meet  it.  Such  a  body  of  workers, 
each  a  center  of  force,  accumulating  higher 
and  higher  voltage  by  concentration  on  her 
chosen  task,  and  all  knit  together  by  a  spirit  of 
loyalty  and  high  endeavor,  is  a  power  in  the 
land,  not  lightly  to  be  reckoned  with  or  set 
aside.  We  put  our  choicest  personalities  here, 
where  their  influence  is  potent,  and  constantly 
effective  in  the  community.  The  whole  duty  of 
the  branch  librarian  is  to  know  her  public  and 
her  books  and  to  diffuse  sweetness  and  light." 

PART  II 

"And  this  is  your  headquarters — it's  not  very 
handsome."  "No ;  we  put  our  money  into  our 
buildings  for  public  use.  This  is  the  engine 
room  of  the  library,  the  factory  from  which 
our  work  is  turned  out.  You  should  see  our 
great  reference  library,  in  the  heart  of  the  city, 
with  parklike  surroundings — but  this  is  just  an 
up-to-date  business,  building.  We  used  no 
space  for  corridors;  they  mean  money  when 
high  salaried  people  travel  up  and  down  them. 
Each  floor  is  a  great  open  room  where  the 
chief  of  department  has  her  staff  automatically 
under  supervision." 

"On  the  first  floor  you  will  find  the  board 
rooms,  the  chief  librarian's  office,  and  the 
finance  department.  The  supplies  and  ship- 
ping department  and  the  bindery  are  on  the 
second  floor,  the  traveling  library  department 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


on  the  third,  the  cataloging  and  the  book  order 
departments  on  the  fourth,  and  the  depart- 
ment of  work  with  children,  the  apprentice 
class  rooms,  and  the  staff  rooms  are  on  the 
fifth.  Theory  leads  to  unity  and  centralization, 
practice  to  multiplicity  and  specialization,  so 
we  centralize  the  theoretical  part  of  our  work 
at  headquarters,  and  specialize  the  practical 
part  in  a  multiplicity  of  branches. 

"Bookss  both  new  and  discarded,  are  deliv- 
ered on  the  third  floor  in  the  cataloging  de- 
partment, by  means  of  special  elevators.  Here 
they  are  first  checked  by  the  book  order  de- 
partment and  then  turned  over  to  the  catalog- 
ing department. 

"Books  for  the  bindery  are  delivered  to  the 
bindery,  and  supplies  to  the  supplies  depart- 
ment. All  this  by  gravity.  No  money  is  ex- 
pended in  carrying  books  up  and  down.  Once 
in  the  cataloging  department,  they  descend  to 
the  traveling  library  department,  to  the  bind- 
ery, or  to  the  shipping  department  for  distribu- 
tion to  the  branches. 

"Orders  for  books  for  local  needs  come  in 
from  the  branch  librarian,  others  are  added, 
selected  by  experts  in  every  subject.  Clear 
acounts  of  expenditures  are  kept  in  the  book 
order  department  of  new  titles,  reference 
books,  replacements,  duplicates,  etc.,  for  each 
branch  and  department,  the  finance  depart- 
ment keeping  only  the  totals  for  each  branch. 
New  publications  are  sent  on  approval,  and  are 
shelved  in  the  book  order  department,  where 
they  remain  for  a  month,  or  until  every  branch 
librarian  has  had  the  opportunity  of  looking 
them  over — whether  she  wants  them  or  not. 
She  does  this,  also  the  visiting  of  schools,  in- 
stitutions, factories,  etc.,  in  her  neighborhood, 
during  the  morning  hours,  when  fewer  people 
come  in,  as  she  is  no  longer  tied  by  routine 
work. 

In  the  cataloging  department,  all  books  are 
cataloged  fully  and  shelf-listed.  They  are  ac- 
cessioned in  a  union  accession  book.  The 
Brooklyn  Public  Library,  I  believe,  first  in- 
stituted this  plan,  but  here  they  are  also  book- 
plated,  stamped,  numbered,  and  fully  prepared 
for  the  shelves.  The  books  for  each  branch 
are  then  regularly  charged  to  it,  this  record 
practically  forming  a  branch  shelf  list.  The 
books  themselves,  with  catalog  cards  and  branch 
book  cards,  are  forwarded  to  the  branch.  The 
book  card  bears  the  author's  name  in  brief  and 
title;  the  accession  number,  class  and  book 
number,  source  and  cost;  also  a  line  for  total 


number  of  issues,  which  is  footed  up  on  each 
card  and  carried  forward  if  the  book  is  much 
used.  The  cost  is  given  for  the  information 
of  the  branch  librarian  in  charging  for  lost 
books.  The  number  of  issues  is  an  index  of 
the  quality  of  the  binding.  With  them  goes  a 
'record  card'  for  each  consignment,  giving  in- 
clusive accession  numbers  and  other  details. 
This  card  is  so  devised  that  the  loss  of  a  book 
in  transit  is  impossible.  It  is  also  a  record  of 
the  work  of  each  department  through  which  it 
passes.  Every  entry  is  filled  out  by  a  stamped 
date  and  the  initials  of  the  recording  official. 
A  memorandum  of  the  number  of  volumes  sent 
is  filed  in  the  cataloging  department,  and  the 
record  card,  signed  by  the  branch  librarian,  is 
returned  promptly  for  filing.  As  a  rule  each 
branch  keeps  its  own  stock  of  books,  but  the 
system  of  charging  books  to  the  branch  is  ex- 
tremely flexible,  making  the  interchange  of 
books  the  simplest  of  matters,  and  the  supply 
of  a  shortage  at  any  center  extremely  prompt 
and  easy  by  the  transfer  of  books  from  other 
branches,  all  records  being  kept  in  the  depart- 
mental charging  system.  The  whole  collection 
is  practically  a  traveling  library  when  necessary 
or  practicable,  or  a  branch  collection  entirely 
static  if  desirable.  Most  of  them  are  so  natur- 
ally. 

"Just  here  the  question  of  inventory  comes 
in,  indeed  the  whole  administration  of  the 
branch  work  as  applied  to  its  collection  of 
books.  The  branch  librarians,  as  earlier  de- 
scribed, simply  report  the  receipt  of  the  books, 
shelve  and  circulate  them.  Nearly  all  other 
work  is  done  by  expert  service  from  head- 
quarters. 

"A  cataloger  goes  to  the  branch,  files  the  cat- 
alog cards,  and  writes  up  the  cross  references 
in  the  book  of  subject  headings.  This  record 
can  just  as  well  be  kept  on  cards,  separately 
filed,  if  preferred. 

"A  professional  mender  goes  periodically  to 
repair  the  books,  to  prepare  and  ship  those 
which  require  rebinding,  and  to  charge  head- 
quarters or  the  binder  with  the  volumes  sent 
out  for  rebinding.  The  selection  of  books  for 
rebinding  is  done  by  the  supervisor  in  charge 
of  binding. 

"Messenger  service  to  recover  overdue  books 
is  provided  from  headquarters,  the  branch  li- 
brarians sending  in  weekly  reports  of  cases 
needing-  attention. 

"There  is  a  central  registration  system.  This 
simplifies  the  reports,  and  messengers  get  much 


September,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


517 


of  their  data  from  the  central  register;  the 
report  of  delinquents  requires  only  the  mem- 
bership number,  the  accession  number  of  the 
book  drawn  and  the  amount  due.  All  records 
of  delinquency  are  recorded  at  headquarters. 

"The  inventory  is  taken  by  an  inventory 
squad,  which  carries  with  it  part  of  the  branch 
shelf  list  from  headquarters  day  by  day.  As 
at  present,  the  branch  librarian  takes  pride  in 
a  good  report,  and,  under  the  much  better  su- 
pervision we  now  have,  fewer  books  are  missing 
as  a  rule. 

"Statistics  of  library  circulation,  reading  and 
reference  use,  etc.,  are  sent  daily  by  postal  to 
headquarters,  where  a  statistician  records  and 
combines  the  facts  according  to  the  informa- 
tion required.  This  postal  is  carefully  devised 
to  record  all  the  work  done  at  a  branch  which 
is  not  included  in  the  daily  work  reports  of 
specialists  from  headquarters.  It  gives  the 
details  for  the  branch  as  a  unit.  It  is  not 
elaborate,  as  the  routine  work  is  nearly  all  done 
by  the  office  assistants. 

"The  branch  librarians  send  in  reports  on 
their  assistants,  and  on  occasion,  if  necessary, 
assistants  are  required  to  keep  a  special  work 
report  similar  to  that  kept  by  the  specialists 
from  headquarters  who  work  at  the  branches, 
described  later.  This  is  a  report  on  an  assist- 
ant's work  by  herself,  certified  by  the  branch 
librarian,  which  speaks  for  itself,  reveals  the 
facts,  and  cannot  be  contradicted. 

"The  reports  from  branches  are  required  to 
be  sent  at  certain  times,  as  circulation,  reading 
and  reference  use,  etc.,  daily;  delinquents,  etc., 
weekly;  petty  cash,  telephone,  etc.,  monthly; 
'  so  that  their  failure  to  arrive  is  automatically 
noted  and  the  report  at  once  followed  up.  Car- 
bon copy  of  all  reports  is  kept  at  the  branch  for 
a  short  specified  time,  then  destroyed.  No 
records  are  required  to  be  kept  at  a  branch 
other  than  the  receipt  of  periodicals,  the  charg- 
ing tray,  and  the  catalog. 

"The  branch  staff  is  relieved  of  nearly  all 
routine  work : 


Accessioning, 

Applications, 

Cataloging, 

Shelflisting, 

Registration, 

Messenger  notices, 

Blacklisting, 

Discards, 

"Part  of  this  work 


Rebinding, 

Storytelling  (partly), 
Filing  card  records, 
Book   plating   and 

preparation, 
Mending, 
Statistics, 
Inventory. 

is  done  at  headquarters, 


part  by  specialists  at  the  branch  without  re- 
sponsibility on  the  part  of  the  branch  librarian. 
The  work  of  specialists  at  the  branch  includes 
the  filing  of  the  catalog  cards,  the  entry  of 
cross  references,  the  mending,  discarding  and 
rebinding,  the  inventory,  etc. 

"The  traveling  staff  submits  once  a  month, 
or  oftener,  a  work  report  which  shows  daily 
entries,  itemized,  of  the  work  done.  The  items, 
of  course,  vary  with  each  specialist,  but  in 
general  give  the  facts  under  such  column  head- 
ings as  these:  Period;  Branch;  Class  of  work; 
No.  of  items ;  Rate  per  hour ;  O.  K.  of  branch 
librarian;  Remarks;  and  any  others  needed. 
Also  by  a  separate  line  entry  the  time  spent  in 
going  from  one  branch  to  another  is  recorded. 

'"In  such  a  report  it  can  be  seen  by  a  glance 
at  the  totals  for  the  month  whether  an  assistant 
is  accomplishing  an  adequate  amount  of  work, 
and  no  inquiry  or  proof  will  be  needed,  as  it  is 
her  own  statement,  witnessed  by  the  branch 
librarian. >'K~N* 

"This  system;  of  work  report  was  formerly 
tried  out  by  the  Queens  Borough  Public  Li- 
brary of  New  York  City,  with  interesting  re- 
sults. The  report  was  kept  for  a  month  by 
each  assistant,  and  summarized  on  a  different 
form,  which  showed  the  total  number  of  hours 
spent  at  different  kinds  of  work — filing,  for  in- 
stance— and  the  rate  of  speed.  This  distin- 
guished at  once  those  who  excelled,  or  the  re- 
verse, in  each  branch  of  the  work.  By  com- 
bining the  summaries  by  branch,  a  comparison 
of  the  work  at  different  branches  was  made. 
An  average  rate  of  speed  for  the  library  as  a 
whole  for  each  kind  of  work  was  computed. 

"Of  course,  we  use  all  library  and  business 
aids,  which  are  more  and  more  improved  upon 
year  by  year.  Lists  of  new  publications,  an- 
notated, and  distinguished  as  to  merit,  also 
special  subject  lists  compiled  by  experts  are 
freely  furnished  to  our  librarians;  the  best 
guides  to  periodicals  are  taken,  the  Wilson's 
now  including  advance  entries  of  forthcoming 
articles.  So  in  every  way  we  retrench,  chiefly 
by  better  business  methods,  specialization  of 
work,  and  a  most  watchful  economy  of  time. 

"This  method  also  saves  the  time  of  various 
department  heads,  whose  work  is  carried  on 
more  particularly  in  their  departments.  It 
greatly  lessens  the  possibility  of  error  in  re- 
ports, with  a  consequent  relief  from  strain  and 
friction.  Moreover,  the  business  is  under  one 
roof,  and  this  means  greater  dispatch  in  all 
parts  of  the  business  as  well  as  carfares  saved 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


and  the  time  of  our  high  salaried  officials. 
Our  expense  is  less  at  the  branches  and  greater 
at  headquarters,  but  taken  all  together,  even 
at  the  higher  salaries  we  pay,  the  totals  are 
not  much,  if  any,  less  than  under  the  old  sys- 
tem. Under  this  system  every  member  of  our 
staff  is  occupied  with  her  special  chosen  work, 
doing  it  with  a  will  and  hearty  enthusiasm. 
This  means  better  work,  and  more  work.  We 
choose  the  members  of  our  branch  staff  for 
their  knowledge  of  books,  their  culture,  their 
love  of  human  nature,  and  their  personality. 
We  choose  the  central  staff  for  special  fitness 
in  special  fields,  and  for  speed  and  accuracy  in 
clerical  work.  We  choose  our  heads  of  de- 
partment for  their  technical  knowledge  and 
executive  ability.  We  choose  our  librarian  for 
poise  and  power  and  a  practical  creative  imag- 
ination. That  is,  a  power  to  plan,  to  inspire, 
to  rule  justly,  to  hold  all  together  and  to  keep 
all  apart;  a  kind  of  spiritual  glue,  flexible,  but 
tough. 

"In  our  scheme  the  cataloger  does  keep  'a 
catalogin' '  and  the  library  staff  'a  jogginV 
The  chiefs  do  not  constantly  have  to  visit 
branches,  and  the  branch  librarian  is  freed 
from  a  half  dozen  chiefs  supervising  her  at 
every  angle.  She  is  relieved  and  so  are  they. 

"This  retrenchment  enables  us  to  maintain  a 
privilege;  at  first  a  privilege,  but  now  consid- 
ered by  most  business  firms  as  a  good  invest- 
ment, namely,  the  establishment  of  a  Sabbatical 
year,  by  which  each  librarian  is  given  a  six 
months'  leave  of  absence  every  seventh  year 
with  pay.  This  is  highly  appreciated,  and  we 
have  in  consequence  a  staff  which  practically 
becomes  daily  more  mature  and  efficient,  but 
never  older,  because  of  the  rejuvenating  prop- 
erties of  rest.  As  a  pension  fund  was  estab- 
lished by  the  gift  of  a  great  library  philanthro- 
pist in  the  year  1913,  our  librarians  are  re- 
lieved of  anxiety,  and  the  profession  is  put  on 
an  equal  basis  with  that  of  teachers,  so  that  it 
attracts  more,  and  particularly  more  practical 
persons,  to  its  ranks. 

"As  membership  in  a  branch  or  station 
gives  access  to  all  privileges,  no  confliction  or 
rivalry  between  centers  can  obtain  a  footing. 
Each  center  serves  all  the  people,  and  the 
broad  idea  of  general  usefulness  is  the  moving 
spirit  of  our  library  activity.  The  library  is  a 
unit,  like  a  great  tree,  rooted  in  the  heart  of 
the  city,  extending  the  refreshment  of  its  pres- 
ence over  all.*' 


THE  VALUE  OF  A  UNIVERSITY 

BINDERY 

BY  THOMAS  P.  AVER,  Supervisor  of  Binding, 
Columbia  University  Library 

THE  binding  in  a  great  many  of  our  Amer- 
ican libraries  for  years  has  been  decidedly  un- 
satisfactory. In  many  cases  the  library  staff 
may  not  have  been  conscious  of  the  fact,  but 
a  critical  investigation  nearly  always  would 
have  indicated  the  use  of  poor  materials  and 
poor  workmanship.  Inferior  leather,  cheap 
glue,  poor  paste,  excessive  trimming,  and  lack 
of  knowledge  of  the  kind  of  treatment  that  the 
use  or  value  of  the  books  demanded  is  evident 
to  some  degree  in  almost  every  library's  collec- 
tion of  rebound  material.  The  whole  blame 
for  these  undesirable  features  should  not  be 
placed  upon  the  binders,  however.  Too  fre- 
quently the  supervision  of  the  binding  is  en- 
trusted to  a  lesser  experienced  library  assistant 
who  lacks  the  physical  and  bibliographical 
knowledge  of  books.  As  a  result  the  library 
shelves  are  sometimes  literally  filled  with  mis- 
bound  volumes,  which  give  every  evidence  of 
poor  adaptation  of  materials  to  use  or  to  local 
conditions  of  heat,  light,  and  ventilation.  Too 
frequently  the  binding  is  given  to  the  firm  that 
submits  the  lowest  prices ;  then,  consistently 
with  that  price  scale,  the  binder  uses  the  cheap- 
est materials,  while  the  average  cost  per  vol- 
ume for  the  best  materials  would  not  be  more 
than  three  cents  higher.  With  the  larger  in- 
stitution, particularly  the  large  university  li- 
brary, where  the  bulk  of  the  binding  is  so 
great  and  so  varied  in  nature  that  no  one  shop 
is  able  to  serve  the  library  satisfactorily,  in 
every  way  the  need  of  a  bindery  conducted 
solely  for  that  one  institution  seems  to  be 
obvious.  The  large  university  library  has  con- 
stantly more  pressing  demands  for  prompt  ser- 
vice in  binding  than  many  more  public  institu- 
tions; it  also  has  much  material  that  must  be 
preserved  without  the  typical  "library"  book- 
binder's processes  of  reinforcement.  The  de- 
mand for  a  library  bindery  arises  because  the 
careful,  old  school  art  bookbinder  usually 
scorns  anything  new  or  unorthodox  in  the 
process  of  binding,  and  is  consequently  unable 
to  produce  a  truly  durable  binding  for  public 
library  purposes;  on  the  other  hand  too  many 
of  the  "library"  bookbinders  appear  to  know 
no  other  way  to  bind  a  volume  strongly  than 
to  cut  off  the  back,  oversew  it,  and  by  trim- 
ming all  four  margins  of  the  page  destroy  a 
feature  of  bibliographical  worth  about  the  book. 

To  meet  the  demands  of  the  large  university 
library,  a  small  bindery  on  the  premises,  super- 
vised by  one  equipped  with  a  scientific  knowl- 
edge of  binding  and  a  keen  appreciation  of 
the  problems  of  library  administration  appears 
to  be  the  only  satisfactory  solution.  With  a 
bindery  so  organized  under  library  control  a 
better  regulation  of  methods,  materials,  and 
service  is  possible.  There  is  also  a  saving  of 
both  time  and  cost  of  packing  and  transporta- 
tion. It  is  possible  for  a  library  to  conduct  its 


September,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


519 


own  bindery  economically,  provided  the  bulk 
of  its  binding,  gilding,  and  repairing  is  suffi- 
cient to  permit  a  proper  division  of  labor.  Cal- 
ifornia, Princeton,  Michigan,  Chicago,  and  Co- 
lumbia University  libraries,  and  Cleveland, 
Pittsburgh,  New  York,  and  Boston  public  li- 
braries are  a  few  of  the  larger  institutions  that 
have  felt  the  demand  and  demonstrated  the 
value  of  a  library  bindery.  For  the  benefit  of 
any  library  confronted  by  this  problem  the  ex- 
perience of  the  Columbia  University  Library 
is  given  herewith. 

For  several  years  the  number  of  accessions 
to  the  Columbia  University  Library  has  been 
so  great  that  the  labeling  of  volumes  and  other 


attendant  features  of  satisfaction.  From  time 
to  time  to  meet  the  further  increased  demands 
of  the  library  the  bindery  was  organized  even 
more  fully,  each  addition  providing  a  better 
division  of  labor,  so  that  at  the  same  time  the 
economy  of  a  larger  home  bindery  was  demon- 
strated. Inspection  of  the  binding  records  for 
three  years  shows:  first,  the  cost  of  the  mis- 
cellaneous work  done  at  the  library  previous 
to  the  establishment  of  the  bindery,  with  the 
actual  binding  done  at  outside  binders ;  second, 
the  combination  of  this  miscellaneous  work 
with  a  portion  of  the  regular  binding;  and 
third,  the  successful  competition  with  all  out- 
side binders.  The  last  table  covers  the  period 


1910-11 


Vols. 


Cost. 


1911-12 


Ave.        Vols. 


Cost. 


Ave.        Vols. 


**  x° 

.  .        2  780 

yt,  A.  vwf.w 

2,078.  IS 

6O 

Repaired 

1,683 

369.03 

.22 

I      468 

•ai-i   6O 

.20 

Pamphlets   

....        2,254 

338.10 

.15 

2  141 

204.42 

Gilded 

.        II  982 

A-1Q   {JO 

Ol6 

T-J    ^8  1 

Handled    . 

.    22,732 

$7,384.06 

.34 

2^.460 

$8.112.43 

.31 

2,961 
2,046 
3,790 
1,033 
19,215 


Cost. 

$6,677.25 

2,248.86 

409.20 

367,43 

81.85 

559.64 


Ave. 

.87 
•  75 
.20 
.09 
.07 
.029 


36,562     $10,338.23         .28 


work  closely  allied  has  required  the  full  time 
of  two  or  more  workers.  This  situation  made 
it  advisable  to  consider  the  relative  cost  of 
labeling  and  lettering  the  volumes  for  the  call- 
number  and  having  the  same  thing  gilded.  It 
was  admitted  that  paper  labels  were  unsightly 
and  the  hand  lettering  more  frequently  than 
not  was  equally  unsatisfactory.  The  labels  be- 
came soiled  or  peeled  off  and  had  to  be  re- 
newed. The  cost  of  an  average  of  two  labels 
to  a  volume  meant  two  operations  of  labeling, 
two  operations  of  lettering,  two  proof  read- 
ings, and  a  second  absence  from  use.  Against 
this  was  the  very  attractive  alternative  of  hav- 
ing the  call-number  permanently  gilded  on  the 
back  in  a  style  harmonious  to  the  general  ap- 
pearance of  the  book.  The  theoretical  results 
were:  a  uniform  type  of  lettering,  one  opera- 
tion performed  more  quickly,  and  as  permanent 
as  the  publisher's  stamped  title.  The  gilding 
of  the  call -number  should  cost  only  two  or 
three  cents  a  volume,  while  the  frequent  label- 
ing and  lettering  of  the  same  volume  would 
make  the  average  cost  of  the  more  unsatisfac- 
tory method  the  more  expensive.  This  ven- 
ture was  made  and  found  desirable.  As  it  was 
necessary  to  hire  a  journeyman  bookbinder  for 
this  work  the  scope  of  this  department  natur- 
ally widened  to  admit  scientific  repairing,  pam- 
phlet binding  and  some  recasing. 

In  1911  a  full-fledged  bindery  was  estab- 
lished in  response  to  the  increased  demand  for 
prompt  service.  In  addition  to  the  rush  work, 
the  important  serial  binding,  and  the  rebinding 
of  the  more  valuable  books  and  sets  was  done. 
A  year's  test  proved  the  bindery  a  success  eco- 
nomically as  well  as  producing  the  desired 
quality  of  workmanship.  Prompt  service,  a 
thorough  standardization  of  materials  and 
type,  and  a  constant,  closer  supervision  of  the 
individual  treatment  of  volumes  were  other 


when  more  than  50  per  cent,  of  the  binding 
was  done  under  the  library  roof. 

Among  the  library  benefits,  other  than  eco- 
nomic or  in  quality,  are  these:  Previous  to 
the  establishment  of  the  library  bindery  rush 
binding  almost  invariably  required  a  total  ab- 
sence from  use  for  periods  of  one  week  to 
ten  days,  sometimes  even  longer.  Frequently 
the  demand  for  a  volume  was  not  anticipated 
at  the  time  of  shipment  to  the  binder,  and  in 
such  cases  the  library  would  be  unable  to  have 
it  returned  within  two  or  three  weeks.  Under 
the  new  regime  "special  rush"  books  are  re- 
turned to  circulation  in  four  days.  Volumes 
in  process  that  suddenly  come  into  demand 
may  be  consulted,  if  necessary,  and  then  are 
hastened  through  the  rest  of  the  process  as  if 
"special  rush."  The  more  remote  advantages 
are  as  varied  as  numerous. 

FINDING  MIS-FILED  INDEX  CARDS* 
BY  B.  D.  HOUSEL 

THE  Bertillon  system  of  identification  is  now 
becoming  well  known,  nominally ;  but  it  is 
doubtful  if  the  actual  processes  involved  are 
any  more  clear  to  the  average  individual  than 
they  were  ten  years  ago.  Taking  the  neces- 
sary physical  descriptions  and  measurements  is 
simple  enough;  but  the  classification  and  pre- 
servation of  the  records  is  quite  complicated. 

The  Bertillon  classification  is  so  meritorious, 
however,  and  the  records  are  so  readily  access- 
ible that  many  of  its  principles  are  being 
adapted  to  commercial  usage.  In  fact,  the 
finger-print  system  itself  has  been  adopted  by 
some  banks  to  facilitate  identification  of  il- 
literate depositors. 

In  any  card-index  system,  the  loss  or  mis- 

*  Reprinted   from  Svstem,  June,    1913. 


520 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


placement  of  a  card  is  a  serious  matter.  Par- 
ticularly is  this  true  in  the  Bertillon  records. 
To  overcome  the  possibility  of  such  misplace- 
ments, therefore  it  becomes  necessary  to  de- 
vise some  means  of  instantly  locating  a  mis- 
filed  card.  This  has  been  accomplished  by  a 
unique  method  of  perforating.  All  cards  filed 
under  the  same  classification  in  the  index  are 


ally  consist  of  10,000  cards,  guides  covering 
looo  subdivisions  of  the  alphabet  are  necessary 
to  properly  index  the  record.  This  subdivision 
will  allow  the  record  to  expand  to  three  times 
its  original  size,  and  yet  retain  the  same  set  of 
guides.  If  it  is  known  that  the  record  will  not 
increase  in  size,  it  is  desirable  to  figure  about 
twenty  to  twenty-five  cards  to-  the  guide. 


'^A^'ft^ 

ilesman ..  ,  Mii  SMM^-Ma  "..  '&  Jcuafoi/ier  : ' ; 

— ZE  —  znVf 


FORM  I. 


perforated  in  precisely  the  same  manner,  so 
that  when  the  cards  are  placed  together,  the 
perforations  fall  into  perfect  alignment,  thus 
making  clear  spaces  visible  through  the  entire 
pack.  In  this  way,  a  mis-filed  card  is  located 
at  once,  as  it  obscures  at  least  one  line  of 
perforations. 

This  principle,  modified  or  elaborated  to 
suit  the  conditions,  can  be  adapted  to  any  com- 
mercial card  system.  Take,  for  instance,  a  cus- 
tomer record  file,  indexed  alphabetically,  as 
shown  in  Form  I. 

The  first  step  necessary  in  laying  out  the 
index  is  to  estimate  the  number  of  cards  which 
the  record  is  to  contain  at  the  outset,  and  what 
its  anticipated  growth  is  to  be.  The  next  step 
is  to  ascertain  the  correct  number  of  alphabeti- 
cal guides  to  use.  It  is  generally  estimated  by 
indexing  experts  that  from  ten  to  thirty  cards 
behind  a  guide  constitute  a  satisfactory  and 
sufficiently  divided  record. 

Thus,  if  the  record  to  be  indexed  will  origin- 


The  guides  are  now  to  bear  a  subdivision  of 
the  alphabet  and  a  number,  as  shown  in  Form 
I.  The  guides  may  be  procured  numbered 
from  the  manufacturer  or  the  number  put  on 
with  a  numbering  machine  at  any  time.  It  is  a 
good  plan,  however,  to  have  it  done  by  the 
manufacturer,  and  have  the  tabs  celluloided. 

The  next  step  is  to  secure  the  proper  record 
cards.  As  well  as  the  usual  spaces  for  infor- 
mation and  data,  the  right-hand  section  of  the 
card  is  printed  in  the  form  of  a  chart,  con- 
sisting of  three  or  four  vertical  columns,  the 
number  of  columns  depending  upon  the  size  of 
the  record.  For  instance,  a  card  in  a  record 
that  it  was  known  would  never  contain  more 
than  999  guides,  would  require  but  three  col- 
umns. Each  vertical  column  is  divided  into 
eleven  squares,  the  top  square  in  each  case 
being  blank.  The  others  are  numbered  from 
o  to  9,  starting  from  the  top. 

When  a  new  name  is  to  be  put  on  the  list,  a 
card  is  made  out  in  the  usual  manner,  and  ref- 


September,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


521 


erence  is  made  to  the  guides  to  ascertain  be- 
hind which  guide  it  should  properly  be  filed. 
For  instance,  the  name  "Zonnevylle  &  Co."  is 
to  be  entered  in  the  prospective  customers'  list. 
By  referring  to  the  guides  it  is  seen  that  the 
card  should  be  filed  behind  the  Zo-Zz  guide, 
which  is  numbered  1200.  This  number  is  put 
beneath  the  words  "Guide  No.,"  as  shown  in 


indexing,  it  can  also  be  applied  in  many  specific 
instances  to  subject  filing.  As  an  illustration, 
assume  that  the  Navy  Department,  or  anyone 
interested  in  the  subject,  were  compiling  a  rec- 
ord of  the  naval  equipment  of  all  the  import- 
ant powers.  It  is  found  that  there  are  about 
twenty-two  nations  of  naval  importance,  com- 
mencing with  Argentine,  Brazil  and  Great 


FORM  II. 


Form  I,  and  the  digits  one,  two,  naught,  naught 
are  punched  out  of  the  numbering  chart  at  the 
right,  and  the  card  filed  away  behind  guide 
1200. 

The  work  of  perforating  the  cards  requires 
but  little  time.  Less  than  five  seconds  are  re- 
quired to  perforate  a  number  containing  four 
figures.  The  time  originally  spent  punching  the 
cards  is  soon  compensated  in  quicker  and  more 
accurate  filing. 

This  same  principle  could  be  applied  to  the 
card  ledger  to  very  good  advantage.  The 
right-hand  portion  of  the  card  would  be  re- 
served for  the  perforating  chart  just  as  in  the 
other  records,  and  the  same  methods  of  arriv- 
ing at  the  correct  indexing  arrangement  would 
be  followed.  The  balance  of  the  card  would 
contain  the  usual  debit,  credit  and  data  col- 
umns. 

While  it  is  true  that  this  system  of  perforat- 
ing adapts  itself  most  readily  to  alphabetical 


Britain  (alphabetically)  and  ending  with 
Turkey  and  the  United  States. 

The  first  classification  of  such  a  record, 
therefore,  should  be  alphabetically  according  to 
countries,  and  then  numerically  according  to 
the  type  of  vessel  or  class  of  equipment,  as 
shown  in  Form  II.  As  it  is  known  that  there 
will  never  be  more  than  ninety-nine  nations 
which  will  ever  become  naval  factors,  or  that 
there  will  never  be  more  than  ninety-nine  separ- 
ate types  of  war  vessels,  only  two  columns  are 
reserved  for  the  perforating  chart.  In  this 
case,  however,  there  would  be  two  charts — the 
chart  at  the  right  for  the  main  subject  (the 
country)  and  the  chart  at  the  left  for  the  sub- 
subject  (the  character  of  equipment). 

Each  country  is  given  a  number :  Argentine, 
i ;  Brazil,  2 ;  Great  Britain,  3,  and  so  on  down 
to  Turkey,  21  and  United  States  22.  Each  type 
of  ship  is  then  given  a  classification  number  as 
a  sub-classification  under  the  country  to  which 


522 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


it  belongs.  For  example,  the  different  types  of 
vessels  might  be  classified  as  follows:  modern 
battleships,  i ;  old  battleships,  2 ;  armored 
cruisers,  3,  and  so  on.  Thus,  if  a  card  in  the 
record  described  the  battleship  Texas  of  the 
United  States  navy,  which  is  an  old  battleship, 
the  chart  would  first  be  punched  22,  which  is 
the  guide  number  of  the  United  States,  and  then 
for  the  type  of  boat,  which  in  this  case  would 
be  2,  the  sub-classification  number  for  old 
battleships. 

The  system  is  almost  fool-proof.  The  mis- 
filing  of  a  card  is  practically  impossible,  but 
should  a  card  happen  to  be  mis-filed  it  re- 
quires but  a  few  minutes  to  locate  it  or  to  de- 
cide beyond  a  doubt  that  it  has  been  removed 
from  the  file.  The  cards  behind  each  guide  are 
removed  altogether  and  it  requires  but  a  glance 
through  the  perforations  to  spot  the  mis-filed 
card.  This  is  done  occasionally  as  a  precau- 
tion. The  packs  of  cards  behind  each  guide 
are  taken  out  in  succession  and  any  mis-filed 
cards  are  returned  to  their  proper  places.  It 
takes  but  a  few  minutes  to  "clean  up"  the 
entire  file. 

There  is  a  further  advantage  in  having  the 
guides  of  an  alphabetical  set  numbered.  Sup- 
pose, for  instance,  a  card  is  removed  from  a  file 
containing  10,000  cards  which  are  distributed 
through  fifteen  card  drawers. 

To  replace  the  card  it  is  only  necessary  to 
refer  to  the  numbers  on  the  drawer  labels  and 
then  to  the  proper  guide  by  number  without 
considering  the  alphabetical  division.  This 
method  is  fifty  per  cent  quicker  and  surer  than 
reference  by  the  alphabetical  system  alone. 
The  chances  of  mis-filing  are  reduced  to  the 
minimum. 

Further,  when  filing  a  card,  a  glance  at  the 
number  on  the  other  cards  behind  the  same 
guide  serves  as  an  additional  check,  because 
all  cards  behind  the  same  guide  must  bear  the 
same  number. 

A  short  time  ago  the  writer  had  occasion  to 
go  through  every  card  of  a  sales  record  con- 
taining about  5000  cards  which  were  distributed 
through  six  card  drawers.  Eighteen  cards 
were  found  mis-filed.  Had  such  a  system 
as  outlined  in^his  article  been  in  force,  such 
an  occurrence  would  have  been  almost  impos- 
sible. On  the  other  hand,  where  it  took  two 
days'  work  to  straighten  the  record  out  by  re- 
ferring to  every  card,  the  same  result  could 
have  been  accomplished  in  a  couple  of  hours 
had  the  perforating  scheme  been  in  use. 

The  field  of  application  of  this  principle  of 
perforating  is  so  wide  that  no  one  can  estimate 
its  limitations.  It's  a  subject  for  constructive 
thought.  

THE    INSULAR    LIBRARY    OF    PORTO 
RICO:   ITS   HISTORY   AND 

DEVELOPMENT. 

AT  the  beginning  of  the  year  1899,  when 
the  new  sovereignty  was  being  established  in 
Porto  Rico,  there  were  gathered  in  a  depart- 
ment of  the  "Institute  Civil,"  then  the  best  Span- 


ish college  on  the  island,  books  from  the  old 
offices  of  the  Spanish  rule,  such  as  the  "In- 
tervencion  de  Hacienda,"  the  "Tesoreria,"  the 
"Biputacion  Provincial,"  the  "Sociedad  Eco- 
nomica  de  Amigos  del  Pais,"  and  some  others. 
To  these  collections  were  added  those  of  the 
"Instituto  Civil"  itself,  of  the  "Escuela  Pro- 
fesional,"  reports  sent  by  the  different  states 
of  the  union,  the  Congressional  Records,  and 
some  gifts  of  generous  citizens,  so  that  the 
collection  began  to  assume  the  aspect  of  a 
library.  It  was  entrusted  to  the  care  of  a 
German  scholar,  Mr.  Van  Middelyk. 

In  1902,  two  years  after  the  establishment 
of  the  civil  government  on  the  island,  the 
legislature  voted  a  credit  of  $1500  for  the 
acquisition  and  binding  of  books,  periodicals 
and  newspapers,  and  a  salary  of  $720  for  a 
librarian  and  $360  for  a  janitor.  Those  two 
persons  were  to  take  care  of  the  library,  which 
was  kept  open  from  9  a.m.  to  9  p.m.,  closing 
only  for  two  hours  at  lunch  time. 

In  1903,  a  new  act  was  passed,  providing 
that  the  new  library  was  to  be  called  the  In- 
sular Library  of  Porto  Rico,  and  a  board  of 
trustees  was  appointed  for  its  administration. 
At  this  time  the  library  was  also  made  a 
circulating  one,  and  was  thrown  open  to  all 
people  in  the  vicinity  of  San  Juan,  who,  guar- 
anteed by  a  responsible  person,  promised  to 
obey  its  rules,  and,  in  addition  to  that,  paid 
a  fee  of  $3  per  annum.  This  fee,  however, 
was  abolished  two  years  later,  and  a  true  free 
public  library  established. 

The  new  field  on  which  the  library  now 
entered  made  it  necessary  for  the  legislature 
to  increase  the  salaries  and  staff,  so  as  to 
meet  the  new  plans  of  its  organization  and 
development. 

The  library  has  grown  steadily,  until  now 
it  numbers  more  than  22,000  volumes,  ex- 
clusive of  pamphlets  and  official  reports.  The 
main  bulk  of  its  books  are  either  in  the 
English  or  Spanish  languages,  although  some 
of  the  most  important  works  of  the  other 
modern  languages  of  Europe  are  also  found 
there.  The  special  collection  is  that  on  Porto 
Rican  literature  and  works  by  Porto  Rican 
authors,  and  specialty  is  made  also  of  works 
on  the  West  Indies  in  general,  numbering 
about  800  volumes.  These  collections  are  kept 
in  separate  glass  cases  for  reference  use  only. 
The  number  of  persons  now  holding  borrow- 
ers' cards  being  about  6000. 

Since  the  last  two  years,  the  Dewey  deci- 
mal system  of  classification  has  been  used  for 
the  circulating  department,  and  a  dictionary 
catalog  is  almost  finished  now  for  the  entire 
collection.  A  modification  of  the  Newark 
charging  system  is  being  introduced. 

For  three  years  back  the  library  has  been 
kept  open  from  9  a.m.  to  10  p.m.  on  week 
days.  Beginning  with  the  present  month,  it 
will  be  open  also  from  2  to  5  P-m-  °n  Sun- 
days and  legal  holidays.  During  those  hours, 
lectures  will  be  given  on  various  subjects  by 
the  scientific  and  literary  men  of  the  country. 


September,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


523 


Notwithstanding  its  relatively  rapid  growth, 
the  library  movement  in  Porto  Rico  has  still 
room  for  great  advancement,  and  Mr.  Manuel 
Fernandez  Juncos,  librarian  of  the  Insular 
Library,  and  the  board  of  trustees  of  this 
institution  are  contemplating  the  passage  of 
a  law  that  will  effect  a  radical  change  in  the 
.situation.  Their  object  is  to  have  established 
on  the  island  a  branch  library  system  after 
the  American  fashion,  with  central  offices  at 
San  Juan,  Ponce,  Mayaguez  and  Fajardo  and 
branches  in  all  towns  throughout  the  country. 
Of  course,  those  towns  have  now  their  mu- 
nicipal libraries,  but  they  are  old-fashioned 
institutions,  and  are  not  supported  by  the 
•state  government.  The  trustees  and  librarian 
are  also  planning  to  keep  at  the  Insular  Li- 
brary a  union  card  catalog,  including  entries 
for  the  books  of  the  municipal,  the  athenaeum 
and  the  attorney's  libraries  of  San  Jwan. 

The  people  are  greatly  interested  in  the 
library  movement,  and  it  looks  as  if  the  wishes 
of  this  librarian  and  board  of  trustees  might 
soon  become  a  reality. 

Louis  O'NEILL, 
Asst .  Librarian. 

A.  L.    A.    GOVERNMENT   DOCUMENTS 
ROUND  TABLE,  1913* 

THE  government  documents  round  table  was 
called  together  in  the  Ladies'  Parlor,  Hotel 
Kaaterskill,  at  8:15  P.  M.,  June  26th,  by 
George  S.  Godard,  State  Librarian  of  Connecti- 
cut, Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Documents.  Mr.  F.  W.  Schenk,  Law  Librarian 
of  the  University  of  Chicago,  was  asked  to 
serve  as  Secretary. 

The  chairman,  after  brief  introductory  re- 
marks relating  to  the  progress  which  had  been 
made  in  the  matter  of  printing,  binding,  label- 
ing and  distributing  public  documents,  both  na- 
tional and  state,  introduced  Miss  Mary  A. 
Hartwell.  Assistant  Chief  Cataloger  in  the  of- 
fice of  Superintendent  of  Documents,  Wash- 
ington, who  read  a  paper  prepared  by  Super- 
intendent of  Documents,  Mr.  Frank  C.  Wal- 
lace, stating  his  position  upon  the  many  ques- 
tions and  resolutions  suggested  at  previous 
conferences  of  the  American  Library  Associa- 
tion relative  to  the  distribution,  indexing,  as- 
signment of  volume  numbers,  and  publications 
of  daily  bulletins  by  the  document  office. 

Mr.  Wallace's  paper  was  received  with  en- 
thusiasm because  it  showed  his  close  and  inti- 
mate knowledge  of  matters  pertaining  to  the 
publication  and  distribution  of  documents.  A 
spirited  discussion  followed  the  reading  of  the 
paper,  all  through  which  expressions  of  appre- 
ciation were  made  concerning  the  service 
which  had  been  rendered  by  the  document 
office  in  recent  years  towards  prompt^and  effi- 
cient distribution  of  publications  delivered  to 
that  office. 

*  Report  received  too  late  for  inclusion  in  the 
August  L.  J. 


Miss  Hartwell,  informally  representing  the 
Superintendent  of  Documents,  answered  many 
questions  relative  to  the  serial  numbers  on  gov- 
ernment documents  and  urged  if  consistent 
with  the  policy  of  the  American  Library  As- 
sociation that  action  be  taken  suggesting  to 
Congress  that  annual  reports  now  listed  in  the 
Congressional  set  of  documents  be  omitted  in- 
asmuch as  they  are  not  now  in  the  depository 
set  and  such  omission  would  facilitate  the  pub- 
lication of  the  Documentary  Index. 

The  discussion  also  brought  out  the  consen- 
sus of  opinion  that  the  libraries  would  be  more 
satisfactorily  served  if  all  publications  were 
sent  out  under  the  direction  of  the  Superin- 
tendent of  Documents. 

Henry  J.  Carr,  Librarian  of  the  Public  Li- 
brary, Scranton,  Pennsylvania,  Miss  Edith  E. 
Clark  of  Syracuse  University  and  Herbert  O. 
Brigham,  State  Librarian  of  Rhode  Island, 
were  appointed  a  special  committee  to  prepare 
a  suitable  resolution  of  thanks  to  Mr.  Wallace 
for  his  excellent  paper  and  to  draft  suitable 
resolutions  to  be  submitted  to  the  Council  for 
its  approval,  urging  that  the  recommendations 
in  Mr.  Wallace's  paper  relative  to  publication 
and  distribution  of  documents  be  approved  by 
the  American  Library  Association.  This  com- 
mittee to  report  at  an  adjourned  meeting  of 
the  section  to  be  held  at  12  115  P.  M.  on  Friday. 

The  second  paper  of  the  evening,  prepared 
by  Mr.  Francis  A.  Crandall,  of  Washington, 
D.  C,  on  "Certain  Phases  of  the  Public  Docu- 
ment Question,"  in  his  absence  was  read  by 
Charles  F.  D.  Belden,  State  Librarian  of  Mas- 
sachusetts. Mr.  Crandall  told  his  interesting 
experiences  and  recommendations  as  member 
of  the  sub-committee  of  the  Keep  Commission 
and  included  in  his  paper  a  transcript  of  a  sub- 
committee's recommendation  in  regard  to  the 
advisability  of  establishing  an  executive  ga- 
zette. 

The  adjourned  session  of  the  government 
documents  round  table  was  called  to  order  by 
Chairman  Godard  at  12:15  P.  M.  on  Friday, 
June  27th.  Mr.  Carr,  reporting  for  the  spe- 
cial committee,  reported  the  following  resolu- 
tions, which  were  unanimously  adopted  and 
referred  to  the  Council  with  the  request  that 
they  be  officially  adopted  by  the  Association  and 
copies  of  the  same  be  transmitted  in  official 
forrn  to  the  Joint  Committee  on  Printing,  the 
Public  Printer,  and  the  Superintendent  of 
Documents : 

Whereas,  The  American  Library  Association  desires 
to  express  the  appreciation  of  its  members  respecting 
the  efficient  work  that  has  been  and  is  being  done 
for  libraries  by  the  Office  of  the  Superintendent  of 
Documents,  nevertheless  it  recognizes  the  many  ham- 
pering features  that  still  control  the  issue  and  dis- 
tribution of  public  documents.  Believing  that  these 
features  can  be  materially  lessened,  therefore 

Be  it  resolved,  That  this  Association  approve  and 
urge  the  early  enactment  of  Senate  bill  825,  entitled 
"An  Act  to  amend,  revise,  and  codify  the  laws  re- 
lating to  the  public  printing  and  binding  and  distribu- 
tion of  Government  publications,"  now  pending  be- 
fore the  Sixty-third  Congress;  strongly  recommending, 
however,  that  the  parenthetical  exception  now  in- 
cluded in  the  first  proviso  of  Section  45  of  said  bill 


524 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913: 


be  stricken  out,  so  that  the  annual  reports  of  depart- 
ments shall  not  be  treated  as  Congressional  Documents, 
Be  it  also  resolved,  That  tkis  Association  repeat 
its  former  recommendation  urging  that  the  test  of 
all  public  bills  upon  which  committee  reports  are 
made  shall  be  printed  with  the  report  thereon. 

GEORGE  S.  GODARD. 

Chairman    Committee   on  Public  Documents. 

LIBRARY  WEEK  AT  LAKE  GEORGE 

THE  twenty-third  annual  meeting  of  the 
New  York  Library  Association  will  be  held 
during  the  week  beginning  Monday,  Sept.  22, 
at  the  Sagamore,  on  Lake  George. 

Members  of  the  Association  who  have  been 
privileged  to  attend  former  meetings  held  at 
the  Sagamore,  Lake  George,  need  scarcely  be 
tempted  by  a  recital  of  its  beauties  and  attrac- 
tions. Those  who  have  not  before  attended  a 
conference  there  have  something  to  look  for- 
ward to.  The  hotel  itself  is  beautifully  sit- 
uated on  the  lake,  is  well  managed,  with  ex- 
cellent meals  and  service,  and  the  desire  of 
the  proprietor,  Mr.  Krumbholz,  to  make  things 
pleasant  and  agreeable  back  of  it  all.  The 
hospitality  committee,  with  its  indoor  and  out- 
door divisions,  will  assist  members  in  em- 
bracing the  opportunity  for  delightful  daily 
excursions  among  the  picturesque  islands  of 
Lake  George.  Lunch  parties  and  rowing,  be- 
sides golf  and  tennis,  are  the  popular  diver- 
sions. Those  interested  in  the  historic  will 
not  fail  to  take  the  all-day  trip  to  Fort  Ticpn- . 
deroga.  Others  will  enjoy  the  many  charming 
walks  about  the  hotel,  and  all  will  appreciate 
the  crackling  wood  fire  in  the  cosy  hall  at  the 
Sagamore  on  cool  afternoons  and  evenings, 
with  enticing  tea  tables  scattered  about.  A 
small  but  excellent  orchestra  gives  two  con- 
certs daily  in  the  parlor  or  on  the  hotel  piazza. 
Surely  we  would  be  very  difficult  to  please  if 
not  satisfied  with  the  comfortable  surround- 
ings and  pleasant  pastimes  this  lovely  spot 
offers. 

RAILROAD    RATES    AND    DIRECTIONS    FOR    GUIDANCE;1 
OF    THOSE    ATTENDING 

The  Trunk  Line  Association  has  allowed  a 
fare  and  three-fifths  on  the  certificate  plan 
from  points  within  its  jurisdiction,  provided 
there  are  100  persons  in  attendance  upon  the 
meeting  who  present  certificates  showing  an 
expenditure  of  not  less  than  75  cents  for  the 
one-way  fare.  Tickets  at  the  regular  full 
one-way  first-class  fare  for  the  going  journey 
may  be  secured  not  earlier  than  Sept.  18,  nor 
later  than  Sept.  24. 

f  A  certificate  must  be  secured  when  going 
ticket  is  purchased.  (Caution:  do  not  make 
the  mistake  of  asking  for  a  receipt.) 

Certificates  are  not  kept  at  all  stations,  but 
if  inquiry  is  made  of  the  local  agent  before 
the  day  of  departure,  the  station  at  which  cer- 
tificates and  through  tickets  can  be  purchased 
may  be  ascertained. 

Application  at  the  railroad  station  for  tick- 
ets and  certiicates  should  be  made  at  least 
30  minutes  before  the  departure  of  the  train. 


Immediately  upon  arrival  at  the  meeting 
certificates  should  be  presented  to  the  endors- 
ing officer,  Mr.  Paul  M.  Paine. 

It  has  been  arranged  that  the  special  agent 
of  the  Trunk  Line  Association  will  be  in  at- 
tendance at  the  hotel  to  validate  certificates 
on  Sept.  25,  from  9  a.m.  to  6  p.m.  A  fee  of 
25  cents  will  be  collected  for  each  certificate 
validated.  Those  who  arrive  at  the  meeting 
and  leave  for  home  again  prior  to  the  special 
agent's  arrival,  or  who  arrive  at  the  meeting 
later  than  Sept.  25,  after  the  special  agent  has 
left,  cannot  have  their  certificates  validated, 
and  consequently  will  not  get  the  benefit  of 
the  reduction  on  the  home  journey.  No  re- 
fund of  fare  will  be  made  on  account  of 
failure  to  have  certificate  validated. 

Persons  going  by  rail  from  New  York  may 
return  by  the  Albany  Night  Line  without  ex- 
tra charge,  but  persons  going  by  boat  and 
wishing  to  return  by  rail  may  do  so  upon 
payment  of  difference  in  price. 

HOTEL    RATES 
For   2   persons   in   cne  room  without  bath,   per 

day,  each $3.oo. 

For  2  persons  in  one   room  without  bath,   per 

week,  each 17.50 

For    i    in    room    without   bath,    per    day 3.50 

For    i    in  room  without  bath,  per  week 

For  2  in  room  with  bath,  per  day,  each 

For  2  in  room  with  bath,  per  week,  each 

For    i    in  room  with  bath,   per  day 

For   i    in  room  with  bath,  per  week 


2I.OO 
3-50 

21.00 
4-50 

2.S.OO 


PROGRAM 


The  Executive  Committee  has  planned  a 
program  which  it  is  hoped  will  prove  inter- 
esting and  helpful  to  the  Association.  The 
program  is  still  somewhat  tentative,  but  the 
following  speakers  have  promised  to  be  pres- 
ent :  Mr.  R.  R.  Bowker  has  consented  to 
make  the  opening  address  on  Monday  even- 
ing, and  Dr.  John  H.  Finley,  the  newly- 
appointed  Commissioner  of  Education  of  the 
state  of  New  York,  will  speak  on  this  occa- 
sion. 

The  subject  of  the  "Exposition  of  heresies'" 
will  be  treated  by  Dr.  Arthur  E.  Bostwick, 
Adelaide  R.  Hasse,  William  H.  Brett  and 
Sarah  B.  Askew. 

Miss  Annie  Carroll  Moore  will  talk  on 
"What  the  Community  is  asking  of  the  De- 
partment of  Children's  work  in  the  Public 
Library,"  Miss  Cutter  on  "What  I  would  do 
in  starting  or  developing  a  children's  room 
in  a  town  or  country  library,"  and  we  earn- 
estly hope  Miss  Hewins,  who  is  abroad  at 
present,  will  accede  to  our  request  which  is 
awaiting  her  return,  to  tell  us  "What  I've 
done  in  starting  and  developing  work  with 
children  in  the  small  country,  town  or  city 
library." 

Alfred  H.  Brown,  a  dramatist  and  a  promi- 
nent lecturer  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute,  has 
agreed  to  present  the  subject  of  "The  read- 
ing public  and  dramatic  art." 

William  F.  Yust  has  chosen  to  entitle  his 
paper  "In  the  morning  glow,"  under  cover 
of  which  he  will  tell  us  what  Rochester  has 


September,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


525 


been  doing  and  what  is  and  may  be  done  for 
the  larger  libraries  in  the  state. 

Miss  Caroline  Webster,  state  organizer, 
will  treat  "Certain  phases  of  field  work  in 
New  York  state." 

We  hope  Mr.  Frank  N.  Doubleday  will 
find  it  possible  to  be  with  us  on  this  occa- 
sion, and  speak  to  us  from  the  publisher's 
standpoint. 

President,  THERESA  HITCHLER, 
Vice-president,  JENNIE  A.  WITHER, 
Secretary,  ADELAIDE  B.  MALTBY, 
Treasurer,  PAUL  M.  PAINE, 
Ex-Ofiicio  WILLIAM  F.  SEWARD, 

Executive  Committee. 

The  Executive  Committee  gives  notice  that 
action  will  be  taken  upon  the  following 
amendment  to  the  constitution  at  the  meeting. 

HONORARY     MEMBERS 

Persons  interested  in  library  or  other  edu- 
cational work  may  become  honorary  members 
on  recommendation  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  the  members 
present  at  an  annual  meeting. 

WORK  OF  THE  NEW   YORK  STATE  ASSOCIA- 
TION 

The  work  of  the  New  York  State  Associa- 
tion is  pleasantly  and  usefully  reviewed  in  the 
following  letter  sent  to  libraries  throughout 
the  state: 

Is  your  library  represented  in  the  New 
York  Library  Association? 

Th%  growing  success  of  the  New  York  Li- 
brary Association  is  a  matter  of  interest  to 
every  library  in  the  state  of  New  York  and 
to  every  one  of  its  many  library  workers. 

New  York  was  the  first  state  to  have  its 
library  association,  its  organization  being  ef- 
fected in  July,  1890.  The  American  Library 
Association  had  been  founded  in  1876;  an 
important  group  of  librarians  in  New  York 
City  had  formed  the  New  York  Library  Club 
in  1885,  and  both  the  national  and  the  local 
bodies  were  flourishing.  But  the  importance 
-of  organizing  by  states  began  to  be  recog- 
nized. Each  state  had  its  own  laws  and  its 
own  peculiar  conditions,  whether  industrial, 
Commercial,  social  or  educational/  Librarians 
in  attempting  to  meet  those  conditions  and  to 
influence  the  shaping  of  the  library  laws, 
found  it  necessary  to  join  hands  with  others 
interested  within  each  state.  (In  New  York 
we  now  think  of  the  library  movement  as  be- 
ing efficiently  promoted  by  a  department  of 
the  state  which  is  able  to  offer  liberal  aid 
with  friendly  supervision.  But  this  work  of 
the  state  had  not  begun  in  1890,  and,  even  if 
it  had  been  in  full  operation,  the  State  Asso- 
ciation would  have  been  needed  in  order  that 
every  library  might  have  a  part  in  securing 
the  common  object.) 

The  purpose  of  the  Association  is  to  pro- 
mote library  interests  in  the  state  of  New 
York,  and  the  first  step  toward  the  accom- 
plishment of  this  end  is  to  bring  all  library 


workers  together.  When  librarians  meet  face 
to  face  they  become  acquainted,  learn  the 
methods  and  catch  the  spirit  of  one  another's 
work.  The  mere  presence  of  numbers  is 
quickening.  Library  work  means  more  when 
illustrated  by  the  enthusiasm  of  many.  There 
is  no  limit  to  the  number  and  variety  of 
topics  of  inquiry,  comparison  and  discussion 
which  may  be  profitably  considered  at  such  a 
time.  The  programs  follow  closely  the  work 
which  is  being  done  by  the  libraries  of  the 
state,  and  every  effort  is  made  to  make  them 
of  practical  value,  and  suggestive  of  possi- 
bilities for  new  lines  of  effort.  Carefully  ar- 
ranged programs  bring  out  the  best  sugges- 
tions of  chosen  leaders  and  the  discussions 
which  follow  are  open  to  all.  Since  1900  the 
annual  meeting  has  been  arranged  to  cover  a 
week's  time,  and  some  quiet  and  retired  spot 
in  the  mountains  or  woods  full  of  natural 
charm  and  beauty  is  usually  selected  as  the 
place  of  meeting,  where  the  time  between 
sessions  may  be  spent  with  delight  and  re- 
freshment out  of  doors.  Library  week  is  an 
event  which  is  now  eagerly  looked  forward  to 
by  many  librarians  in  adjacent  states  as  well 
as  by  members  from  New  York.  Perhaps  the 
best  of  all  help  is  gained  from  private  inter- 
views, for  which  there  is  at  such  a  time  abun- 
dant opportunity,  each  inquirer  seeking  out 
and  finding  ready  welcome  from  the  one  who 
can  give  the  best  help.  Acquaintance,  train- 
ing, fresh  suggestion,  new  ideals,  and,  above 
all,  encouragement  and  inspiration  are  the 
outcome  of  ever}  library  gathering.  Those 
that  give  and  those  that  take  are  alike  prof- 
ited. The  lonely  and  discouraged  librarian 
becomes  a  hopeful  and  energetic  worker  un- 
der such  influences,  and  the  general  move- 
ment is  set  forward  in  a  way  that  would  not 
be  possible  without  the  annual  gathering. 

But  the  state  of  New  York  is  too  large  to 
be  properly  served  by  one  general  meeting  in 
the  year.  The  State  Association  has  therefore 
found  it  necessary  to  distribute  its  activities 
amon^  many  districts  in  order  to  reach  all 
the  libraries  or  the  places  where  libraries 
ought  to  be.  Its  Institute  and  Round  Table 
work,  which  has  been  in  progress  for  the  last 
twelve  years,  now  provides  for  not  less  than 
30  meetings  in  the  year  in  as  many  different 
places  outside  of  New  York  City.  These 
meetings,  of  course,  are  comparatively  small 
and  therefore  more  informal  and  social. 
They  are  brief,  being  usually  limited  to  one 
or  two  sessions,  unless  a  class  should  be 
formed  for  two  days'  study  and  practice  of 
library  methods.  The  meetings  come  near  to 
everybody.  They  are  planned  with  care  by 
a  committee  of  the  Association ;  each  has  an 
experienced  and  responsible  leader,  and  topics 
are  chosen  by  those  who  expect  to  attend. 
The  institutes  have  grown  in  favor  year  by 
year  and  the  attendance  has  increased  till, 
last  year,  it  amounted  in  the  aggregate  to 
more  than  900  persons.  And  yet  there  are 
still  many  libraries  not  represented. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913. 


The  State  Education  Department  cooperates 
most  heartily  in  the  institute  work  and  bears 
a  large  part  of  the  expense,  and  the  valuable 
time  of  many  of  the  leaders  of  the  meetings 
is  cheerfully  given.  But,  of  necessity,  it  still 
requires  a  considerable  payment  by  the  Asso- 
ciation. 

The  Association,  by  its  committees,  always 
keeps  a  constant  outlook  upon  the  possibili- 
ties of  the  library  field.  It  has  regard,  not 
only  for  public  libraries,  but  also  for  reading 
in  the  schools  and  for  library  training  in  the 
normal  schools.  It  is  interested  in  the  libra- 
ries in  state  institutions,  such  as  hospitals  and 
prisons,  and  through  its  committees  has 
started  and  maintained  a  propaganda  for  bet- 
ter organization  and  facilities  for  these  libra- 
ries. It  recognizes  the  flood  of  foreign  immi- 
gration, the  multitudes  who  do  not  read  Eng- 
lish, and  still  have  so  great  need  of  books. 
The  Association  was  responsible  for  the  ap- 
pointment of  two  library  organizers,  whose 
services  have  benefited  directly  more  than 
one  hundred  and  fifty  libraries  and  indirectly 
twice  as  many.  The  Association  is  on 
the  watch  and  is  ready  and  anxious  to  set 
on  foot  all  possible  agencies  for  offering  the 
best  reading  to  all. 

Any  person  interested  in  the  object  of  the 
Association  may  become  a  member  by  appli- 
cation to  the  secretary  of  the  Association. 
The  animal  dues  are  one  dollar. 


State  I4i>rarg  Commission* 


NORTH  CAROLINA  LIBRARY  COMMISSION 

There  are  now  sixteen  libraries  in  North 
Carolina  supported  in  whole  or  in  part  by  the 
town  or  county. 

Few  libraries  have  adequate  incomes,  but 
fortunately  people  are  beginning  to  realize  the 
value  of  the  library  and  the  possibilities  for  the 
expansion  of  its  work,  and  are  therefore  giv- 
ing them  better  support.  Every  year  a  few 
report  increased  appropriations.  During  the 
past  year  Charlotte  secured  an  increase  of 
$1500  from  the  city  and  $300  from  Mecklenburg 
county.  The  Olivia  Raney  Library,  of  Raleigh, 
has  recently  received  an  additional  appropria- 
tion of  $1000  for  its  regular  work  and  for  the 
maintenance  of  a  children's  room. 

Beaufort  county  makes  an  appropriation  for 
the  Public  Library  of  Washington;  Mitchell 
county  for  the  Good  Will  Free  Library  of 
Ledger.  Two  of  the  smaller  towns,  Reidsville 
and  Mooresville,  have  also  obtained  appropria- 
tions. In  return  the  libraries  extend  their  priv- 
ileges to  all  the  people  of  the  county  in  which 
the  library  is  located.  This  extension  of  li- 
brary privileges  to  country  people  is  the  most 
recent  development  of  the  library  movement, 
and  is  meeting  with  remarkable  success  in 
various  parts  of  the  country. 

During  the  year  Waynesville,  Concord  and 
New  Bern  have  acquired  new  homes  for  their 


libraries.  Concord  raised  $3200  by  public  sub- 
scriptions, purchased  a  building,  and  made  such 
repairs  as  were  necessary  to  convert  it  into  a 
suitable  and  attractive  home  for  the  library. 
Waynesville  spent  $4000  for  its  library  build- 
ing, and  the  Pack  Memorial  Library  at  Ashe- 
ville  received  about  $1700  from  the  Pack  fam- 
ily for  permanent  improvements. 

Twenty-seven  libraries  are  now  housed  in 
homes  of  their  own,  and  another  Carnegie 
building  is  in  course  of  construction  at  Hen- 
dersonville.  Mr.  Carnegie  has  promised  $15,000 
to  Charlotte  to  enlarge  its  building,  and  this 
month  announcement  has  been  made  that  he 
would  give  $10,000  to  Greensboro  for  a  library 
for  negroes.  The  total  amount  of  Mr.  Carne- 
gie's gifts  to  North  Carolina  libraries,  includ- 
ing the  foregoing,  is  $241,396,  distributed  to 
twelve  libraries. 

Nothing  is  of  more  importance  to  the  library 
interests  of  the  State,  however,  than  the  appro- 
priation made  by  the  recent  Legislature  for  the 
establishment  and  operation  of  a  State  system 
of  traveling  libraries.  North  Carolina,  follow- 
ing the  example  of  a  number  of  other  States, 
established  a  Library  Commission  in  1909  to 
give  State  aid  and  encouragement  to  library 
extension.  Briefly  the  object  of  the  commis- 
sion is  threefold: 

1.  To  encourage  and  assist  in  the  establish- 
ment of  new  libraries  and  in  the  improvement 
of  libraries  already  established. 

2.  To  serve  as   a   center  for   the   collection 
and    distribution    of    information    relating   to 
books   and  libraries. 

3.  To  supply  the  country  people  with  books. 

The  commission  has  operated  a  limited  num- 
ber of  debate  or  package  libraries  since  Jan- 
uary, 1912,  and  last  year  libraries  were  sent  to 
sixty-six  counties.  They  are  forwarded  by 
express  or  mail  to  schools  and  to  debating  so- 
cieties upon  receipt  of  application  signed  by 
the  principal  of  the  school  or  the  president 
and  secretary  of  the  debating  society.  After 
October  ist  of  the  present  year  the  rural  com- 
munity may  borrow  a  traveling  library,  the 
school  or  debating  society  a  package  library, 
the  farmer  a  book  on  agriculture,  country 
life,  roadbuilding,  etc.,  and  the  housewife  a 
volume  on  domestic  science  or  household 
sanitation.  No  charge  will  be  made  for  the 
loan  of  libraries  or  books,  but  borrowers  shall 
pay  the  freight,  express  or  postage  as  the  case 
may  be,  both  from  and  to  Raleigh. 

Unfortunately  the  commission's  appropria- 
tion was  wholly  inadequate,  and  it  was  impos- 
sible for  it  to  carry  out  all  the  objects  for 
which  it  was  created ;  it  did  not  have  sufficient 
funds  to  supply  the  rural  population  ^  with 
books.  But  with  the  additional  appropriation 
above  referred  to,  the  commission  will  be  able 
to  undertake  this  work  on  a  small  scale. 

On  many  sides  are  signs  of  a  general  awaken- 
ing to  the  importance  of  the  public  and>  school 
library,  and  to  the  necessity  of  scientific  or- 
ganization and  management.  A  few  new  li- 


September,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


527 


braries  have  been  established  ;  some  old  ones 
have  been  reorganized;  several  towns  are  now 
considering  the  establishment  of  public  librar- 
ies; two  institutions  have  appointed  trained 
librarians,  making  a  total  of  eleven  ;  more  ar- 
ticles concerning  libraries  and  library  work 
have  appeared  in  papers  and  magazines  than 
ever  before;  teachers,  principals  and  superin- 
tendents have  given  considerable  attention  to 
school  libraries,  and  the  public  libraries 
almost  without  exception  have  done  splen- 
did work;  and,  finally,  the  State  has 
provided  for  a  system  of  traveling  libraries 
which  will  give  country  people  library  advan- 
tages similar  to  those  enjoyed  by  the  resi- 
dents of  cities  and  towns. 

MINNIE  W.  LEATHERMAN, 

Secretary. 


State 


Bssocfations 


CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION  ANNUAL 

MEETING   AND    CALIFORNIA    COUNTY 

LIBRARIANS'    CONVENTION 

THE  eighteenth  annual  meeting  of  the  Cali- 
fornia Library  Association  was  held  at  the 
Arlington,  Santa  Barbara,  June  9  to  14,  1913, 
jointly  with  the  fourth  annual  convention  of 
the  California  County  Librarians.  The  presi- 
dent, J.  L.  Gillis,  called  the  meeting  to  order 
at  2  o'clock  on  the  afternoon  of  June  9. 

The  register  shows  an  attendance  of  148, 
representing  42  public  libraries,  15  county  li- 
braries, 5  university  and  college  libraries,  2 
school  libraries,  and  the  State  Library. 

In  his  paper  on  "The  library  under  com- 
mission government,"  Charles  S.  Greene,  li- 
brarian of  the  Oakland  Free  Library,  said 
that  "the  whole  matter  of  the  relation  of  the 
library  to  the  municipality  is  an  extremely  live 
subject  now  in  the  minds  of  library  people, 
because  of  the  multitudes  of  towns  and  cities 
that  are  adopting  new  charters,  mostly  on 
commission  lines.  Further,  the  earliest  com- 
mission charters  were  adopted  in  southern 
cities  and  smaller  towns,  where  the  library  has 
not  assumed  the  relative  importance  assigned 
to  it  in  other  places,  so  that  the  first  com- 
mission charters  gave  scant  consideration  to 
the  question,  and  they  are  being  followed, 
often  rather  blindly,  by  many  cities  to-day." 

A  member  of  the  State  Immigration  Com- 
mission, Simon  J.  Lubin,  addressed  the  meet- 
ing on  "Immigration  :  factors  in  assimilation." 
After  reviewing  the  limited  literature  on  im- 
migration, Mr.  Lubin  considered  three  con- 
ceptions of  assimilation.  First,  that  the  for- 
eigner should  forget  every  ambition  and  ideal, 
every  standard  and  custom  he  brings  with 
him,  and  in  their  place  substitute  the  ideals 
and  customs  approved  by  us  Americans.  Sec- 
ond, that  the  alien  should  become  like  our- 
selves. "But  these  overlook  completely  the 
possible  contribution  to  our  welfare  which  the 
visitor  is  prepared  to  make.  May  we  not 
learn  something  of  philosophy  from  the 


Greek,  of  art  from  the  Italian,  of  science 
from  the  German,  of  patriotism  from  the  Pole, 
of  culture  from  the  Frenchman  or  the  Eng- 
lishman ? 

"We  have  now  a  suggestion  of  the  right 
kind  of  assimilation.  Not  a  one-sided  affair, 
where  we  only  impart  and  they  only  receive; 
but  a  mutual  give-and-take,  where  each  one 
gives  and  takes  only  the  best  that  is  in  each." 

Of  the  factors  in  assimilation,  he  men- 
tioned briefly  employment,  labor  unions,  po- 
litical parties — the  socialization  of  politics — - 
newspapers,  the  church,  social  settlements,  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association ;  public 
and  semi-public  recreational  facilities  as  the 
playground,  moving  pictures,  public  parks, 
public  concerts,  the  theater,  and  finally,  speak- 
ing more  at  length,  he  emphasized  the  schools 
and  libraries. 

"In  treating  this  portion  of  my  paper,  I 
am  asuming  that  the  library  is  desirous  of 
extending  its  field  of  usefulness  over  as  broad 
a  territory  as  possible.  I  am  asuming  that 
the  library  is  prepared  to  take  on  as  many 
subsidiary  activities  as  may  be  shown  neces- 
sary to  enlarge  the  scope  of  its  work.  I  am 
assuming  that  the  librarians  in  the  state  of 
California  are  willing  to  show  that  same  en- 
thusiastic cooperation  as  has  been  manifested 
by  the  librarians  of  the  East  in  their  efforts 
to  serve  the  state  and  community  through 
directing  specialized  attention  upon  the  new- 
comer." 

Stated  briefly,  Mr.  Lubin's  suggestions  were 
collections  of  books  in  foreign  languages; 
where  possible,  assistants  familiar  with  the 
principal  languages  spoken  by  the  library's 
clientele ;  classes  in  English  for  the  older  peo- 
ple ;  branch  libraries ;  increased  facilities  for 
rural  readers;  story  telling;  halls  for  lectures, 
clubs  and  classes  ;  assistance  to  debating  clubs  ; 
sympathetic  introduction  to  books  of  indi- 
vidual interest. 

"Throughout  this  discussion  I  have  assumed 
that  the  library  is  a  much  freer  factor  than 
most  of  the  other  forces  enumerated ;  that  it 
is  more  flexible ;  that  fewer  rules  and  tradi- 
tions limit  its  activities.  Through  their  very 
nature  the  church,  the  press,  the  theater,  the 
labor  union  must  recognize  certain  limitations ; 
but  the  library  is  privileged  to  touch  upon  the 
subject  matter  of  those  and  every  other  social 
agency.  That  consideration  leads  me  to  look 
upon  the  library  as  the  greatest  possible  force 
to  put  our  own  people  in  the  mood  where 
they  will  receive  the  alien  in  a  friendly  and 
helpful  spirit,  to  present  to  the  stranger  the 
best  America  has  to  offer,  and  to  develop  in 
the  immigrant  to  the  fullest  that  marvelous 
heritage  he  surely  has  received  from  his  an- 
cestors. The  opportunity  to  do  these  things 
carries  with  it  a  tremendous  responsibility,  a 
sacred  duty.  It  remains  with  you  to  say  how 
far  this  responsibility  and  this  duty  will  be 
carried  into  effect." 

Robert  Rea,  librarian  of  the  San  Francisco 
Public  Library,  spoke  on  "Book  buying  for 


528 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


a  public  library."  He  emphasized  the  import- 
ance of  thoroughly  investigating  the  value  of 
books  before  buying  by  consulting  all  the  re- 
views available,  as  well  as  getting  the  opinion 
of  experts.  He  advised  each  library  to  asso- 
ciate itself  with  an  eastern  importing  house 
in  order  to  facilitate  buying  books  published 
abroad.  He  cautioned  against  buying  sub- 
scription books  and  "one-man"  books.  In 
closing,  he  suggested  that  in  California  we 
found  a  Bureau  of  Library  Research,  to  which 
publishers  should  send  samples  of  editions, 
binderies  samples  of  binding,  and  libraries 
samples  of  forms  and  blanks,  illustrative  of 
their  methods.  As  an  auxiliary  to  this  bureau 
he  suggested  that  small  libraries  pool  their 
orders  for  books  and  binding,  putting  them 
in  the  hands  of  a  purchasing  agent. 

W.  Elmo  Reavis,  of  Los  Angeles,  distrib- 
uted a  printed  outline  and  used  samples  of 
binding  in  illustration  of  his  paper,  "How  to 
criticize  a  rebound  book."  "The  essence  of 
binding  a  book  is  putting  the  leaves  together 
so  they  vvill  stay,  and  yet  open  conveniently, 
and  putting  a  cover  on  so  it  will  stay.  The 
book  need  not  last  quite  so  long  as  the  'Dea- 
con's one  hoss  shay/  but  when  it  does  go  to 
pieces,  it  should  go  in  much  the  same  way — 
all  at  once."  He  discussed  methods  of  sew- 
ing, of  attaching  the  cover,  and  in  conclusion 
the  materials  for  binding,  especially  urging 
the  use  of  "acid  free"  leather. 

In  his  talk  on  "Binding  and  binding  mate- 
rials" B.  B.  Futernick,  of  San  Francisco, 
brought  out  the  points  that  it  is  poor  economy 
to  bind  books  over  and  over  again,  even  at  a 
low  cost;  that  it  is  better  to  buy  books  in 
publishers'  binding  rather  than  reinforced 
binding,  and  after  circulating  eighteen  or 
twenty  times  have  them  rebound ;  that  though 
library  buckram  is  serviceable  in  many  cases, 
the  best  binding  for  fiction  and  class  books  is 
red  cowhide  back  and  imperial  morocco  cloth 
sides ;  that  it  is  a  wise  plan  to  make  shelves 
look  as  attractive  as  possible. 

In  discussing  the  "Aims  and  methods  of 
library  publicity,"  Joseph  L.  Wheeler,  of  the 
Los  Angeles  Public  Library,  said  that  the  sub- 
ject of  library  publicity  is  certainly  a  live  one 
at  the  present  time,  the  aim  being  to  reach  a 
large  class  of  people  who  do  not  realize  what 
the  library  has  because  they  never  use  it ! 
The  library  reaches  only  20  per  cent,  of  the 
people.  About  40  per  cent,  it  may  not  hope  to 
reach,  leaving  40  per  cent,  which  it  ought  to 
reach.  The  library  will  never  be  a  complete 
success  until  it  reaches  all  the  people.  Of 
various  means  of  library  publicity  four  were 
particularly  mentioned,  the  newspapers,  li- 
brary bulletins,  moving  picture  shows,  and 
window  displays  of  books.  Satisfaction  is  the 
best  sort  of  publicity. 

Wednesday  was  College  and  reference  day, 
J.  C.  Rowell  presiding  at  the  morning  session 
and  G.  T.  Clark  at  the  afternoon  session. 

The  first  paper  was  by  Miss  Louise  Ophuls, 
of  the  Lane  Medical  Library,  San  Francisco, 


on  "Medical  libraries,"  a  technical  subject 
which  she  made  of  general  interest.  "The 
magazines  of  California,"  by  Robert  E.  Cowan, 
of  San  Francisco,  was  read  by  L.  W.  Ripley. 
After  reviewing  social  conditions  in  the  early 
days,  the  paper  gives  sketches  of  the  quartet 
of  notable  early  magazines  which  survived  the 
first  few  numbers,  the  Pioneer,  Hutching*' 
California  Magazine,  the  Hesperian,  and  the 
California  Mountaineer.  Then  follows  the 
Overland,  "the  great  glory  of  California's 
many  magazines."  Of  later  magazines  are 
mentioned  Land  of  Sunshine,  Out  West,  Sun- 
set, and  the  Pacific  Monthly.  That  the  ex- 
istence even  of  many  journals  has  gone  out  of 
record  is  because  "the  libraries  of  early  days 
neglected  their  opportunities,  and  at  the  pres- 
ent time  disaffection  is  not  altogether  un- 
known. Much  of  the  material  for  the  history 
of  California  has  disappeared  forever  because 
of  the  failure  of  those  in  responsibility  to 
heed  the  fine  old  counsel  'carpe  diem.'  An  at- 
tempted bibliographical  study  of  California 
magazines  will  accompany  this  paper  when  it 
is  printed  in  the  proceedings  of  the  meeting. 

Miss  Edith  M.  Coulter,  of  the  University 
of  California  Library,  presented  a  "Plan  for 
a  proposed  cooperative  list  of  serials."  She 
said  the  four  points  to  be  considered  are: 
What  libraries  shall  be  represented;  What 
classes  of  publications  included :  What  form  of 
entry  adopted ;  How  shall  the  publication  be 
edited  and  financed.  After  discussion  it  was 
decided  to  leave  the  carrying  out  of  the  plan 
to  a  board  of  three  libraries,  the  Stanford 
University  Library,  University  of  California 
Library  and  the  State  Library. 

In  the  afternoon  Dr.  Herbert  E.  Bolton, 
Professor  of  American  History  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  California,  spoke  on  the  "Material 
for  early  California  history."  All  our  his- 
tory has  been  written  in  New  England,  and 
from  the  New  England  standpoint.  A  new 
viewpoint  is  needed  and  a  proper  conception 
of  the  fact  that  California  history  did  not 
begin  with  1849.  The  remarkable  background 
of  California  history  was  sketched  and  atten- 
tion called  to  the  great  opportunity  of  libra- 
ries in  bringing  to  the  people  the  knowledge 
of  their  past. 

Dr.  John  M.  Stillman,  vice-president  of 
Stanford  University,  gave  a  most  interesting 
paper  on  Japanese  color  prints,  illustrated  by 
an  exhibit  of  prints  from  his  own  collection. 

Of  great  interest  to  the  meeting  was  the 
address  of  Father  Conlon,  librarian  of  Santa 
Clara  University.  He  said  that  the  library  as 
it  stands  to-day  is  just  about  one  year  old, 
part  of  the  collection  having  been  destroyed 
by  fire,  and  much  of  it  stored  on  account  ^of 
inadequate  quarters.  The  library  contains 
many  rare  and,  interesting  books,  and  as  the 
work  of  putting  it  in  order  goes  on  new  treas- 
ures are  constantly  discovered.  The  oldest 
book  was  printed  in  1481.  Books  of  the 
eighteenth  century  are  so  common  that  they 
pay  little  attention  to  them.  Last  April  the 


September,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


529 


library  was  opened  to  the  public,  and  every 
effort  is  being  exerted  to  make  it  available  to 
the  students,  scholars  and  writers  who  are 
using  it. 

The  attendance  at  this  meeting  of  three 
members  of  the  faculty  of  the  University  of 
California  College  of  Agriculture,  E.  B.  Bab- 
cock,  Miss  Lillian  D.  Clark  and  W.  G.  Hum- 
mel, marks  the  beginning  of  a  close  associa- 
tion between  the  libraries  of  California  and 
the  University  of  California.  They  spoke  on 
different  phases  of  university  extension  work 
in  agriculture.  Prof.  Babcock  outlined  the 
extension  work  as  divided  into  distribution  of 
printed  matter,  farmers'  institutes,  the  demon- 
stration train,  service  to  the  public  in  answer- 
ing questions  relating  to  agriculture,  study 
clubs  and  correspondence  courses.  He  said 
that  he  hoped  that  all  would  carry  away  the 
idea  that  the  university  wants  to  be  a  servant 
of  the  state,  and  that  the  College  of  Agri- 
culture will  welcome  suggestions  from  libra- 
rians toward  making  the  work  more  effective. 

Miss  Clark  told  of  the  work  in  organizing 
study  clubs  in  rural  districts,  of  the  enthu- 
siasm and  interest  of  the  people  and  the  rapid 
formation  of  the  clubs.  After  arranging  the 
courses  of  study  and  making  lists  of  the  books 
there  is  always  the  question  of,  Where  are 
the  books  to  come  from?  This  is  definitely 
solved  by  the  cooperation  of  the  county  libra- 
ries and  the  State  Library.  By  giving  the 
county  libraries  the  lists  in  advance,  it  is  ex- 
pected to  have  the  books  when  needed  by 
the  clubs. 

Mr.  Gillis  reviewed  the  bills  of  interest  to  li- 
brary people  passed  by  the  1913  Legislature 
and  awaiting  approval  by  the  Governor,  The 
bill  of  greatest  interest  to  the  State  Library 
and  to  the  library  interests  of  the  state  is  the 
general  appropriation  bill  providing  $190,000 
income  for  the  State  Library  for  the  two 
years  beginning  July  i,  1913.  Among  other 
bills  noted  were  the  Civil  Service  law;  the 
bills  providing  for  capitol  extension,  including 
a  new  State  Library  building ;  the  bill  author- 
izing the  State  Library  to  accept  the  Sutro 
Library  from  the  heirs  of  the  Sutrp  estate, 
and  the  bill  providing  for  a  state  building  in 
San  Francisco. 

In  reporting  on  progress  in  establishing 
county  free  libraries  since  June,  1912,  Miss 
Harriet  G.  Eddy,  county  library  organizer  of 
the  State  Library,  said  that  four  counties  had 
established  libraries  since  last  year's  meeting 
— Santa  Clara,  Monterey,  San  Mateo,  and  Los 
Angeles.  In  the  first  three  the  work  has  not 
yet  been  begun,  but  in  Los  Angeles  the  libra- 
rian was  appointed  and  work  was  begun  on 
the  first  of  January.  But  progress  is  not  on 
the  wane.  Inquiries  have  come  in  from  nearly 
every  county  asking  that  some  one  be  sent  to 
help  in  county  library  organization.  We 
could  make  use  of  sixteen  instead  of  just  one 
organizer. 

Three  counties  have  started  work  since 
June,  1912.  Miss  Clara  B.  Dills  reported  for 


Kings  county  that  2000  books  have  been  put 
into  circulation,  four  reading  rooms  and  five 
deposit  stations  have  been  established,  not  in- 
cluding service  to  two  high  schools,  and  to 
Hanford  Public  Library.  For  Los  Angeles 
county.  Miss  Celia  Gleason  reported  that  the 
supervisors  established  the  library  in  Septem- 
ber, 1912,  the  librarian  was  appointed  in  De- 
cember and  work  began  Jan.  i,  1913.  There 
are  now  6600  books  out  in  the  county  in  about 
ten  different  branches.  The  people  all  through 
the  county  are  extremely  enthusiastic  and 
very  anxious  to  have  the  service.  Miss  Jennie 
Herrman,  of  San  Diego  county,  reported  that 
work  began  on  Feb.  17,  1913.  Over  1200 
books  are  ready  for  use,  500  accessioned  but 
not  cataloged,  500  more  ordered  that  will  be 
received  soon,  345  borrowed  from  the  State 
Library. 

The  older  county  free  libraries  all  reported 
substantial  progress,  more  books  in  circula- 
tion, more  borrowers,  and  better  service  in 
every  respect. 

That  cooperation  is  the  all  important  thing 
in  the  library  business,  as  in  any  other  busi- 
ness, was  emphasized  by  the  president  in  re- 
porting for  the  year.  The  success  of  the  Cal- 
ifornia Library  Association  and  of  library 
development  in  the  state  depends  on  the  spirit 
of  helpfulness,  the  desire  for  the  success  of 
the  work  as  a  whole  rather  than  of  any  one 
individual  or  any  one  place. 

This  spirit  of  all  working  together  for  the 
common  good  is  the  keynote  of  the  work  and 
of  this  meeting.  This  spirit  has  made  pos- 
sible the  present  state  development,  and  will 
bring  about  that  state-wide  library  service 
which  is  our  goal. 

The  report  of  the  secretary-treasurer 
showed  that  the  balance  on  June  14,  1912, 
was  $695.59,  the  receipts  during  the  year  were 
$479-3I>  the  expenditures  were  $633.76,  leaving 
a  balance  on  June  3,  1913,  of  $541.14.  This 
report  was  verified  by  the  auditing  committee. 

For  the  committee  on  library  training 
school,  C.  S.  Greene  reported  the  establish- 
ment of  a  library  training  class  at  the  River- 
side Public  Library,  the  continuance  of  the 
training  class  at  the  Los  Angeles  Public 
Library  and  the  summer  school  course  at 
the  University  of  California,  but  that  the 
regular  library  school  at  the  university  had 
not  come  appreciably  nearer  so  far  as  could 
be  ascertained.  The  need  grows  ever  more 
imperative. 

The  chairman  of  the  bibliographic  work 
committee,  Miss  Eudora  Garoutte,  reported 
that  cards  for  24  volumes  had  been  added  to 
the  "Index  to  California  magazines"  during 
the  year.  No  progress  had  been  made  toward 
publishing  the  index,  because  neither  the  As- 
sociation nor  the  State  Library  was  able  to 
undertake  the  necessary  editing.  M.  J.  Fer- 
guson reported  for  the  publication  committee 
that  the  ''Handbook  and  proceedings  of  the 
annual  meeting  of  1912"  had  been  issued  as 
no.  13  of  the  publication  of  the  Association. 


530 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


The  nomination  committee  presented  the 
following  ticket :  president,  J.  L.  Gillis ;  vice- 
president,  Victoria  Ellis ;  secretary-treasurer, 
Alice  J.  Haines.  There  were  no  other  nomi- 
nations and  the  ticket  was  unanimously 
elected. 

The  resolutions  committee,  J.  F.  Daniels, 
chairman,  presented  the  following  resolutions, 
which  were  adopted : 

Resolved,  That  the  California  Library  As- 
sociation repeats  the  cordial  invitation  ex- 
tended to  the  American  Library  Association 
to  hold  its  conference  for  1915  in  San  Fran- 
cisco at  the  time  of  the  Exposition  which  will 
commemorate  the  opening  of  the  Panama 
Canal, 

And,  That  Mr.  Everett  R.  Perry,  a  member 
of  the  California  Library  Association  Execu- 
tive Committee  and  in  attendance  at  the  Amer- 
ican Library  Association  conference,  be  in- 
structed to  present  the  invitation. 

Resolved,  That  Mr.  Everett  R.  Perry,  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
California  Library  Association  and  in  attend- 
ance at  the  American  Library  Association 
conference,  1913,  be  instructed  and  empowered 
to  make  suitable  arrangements,  by  request  or 
by  invitation,  to  the  end  that  the  exhibit  be- 
ing prepared  for  the  International  Exposition 
of  Book  Industries  and  Graphic  Arts  at  Leip- 
zig in  1914,  and  showing  the  history  of  the 
making  of  books  may  be  secured  as  a  part  of 
the  exhibit  of  the  American  Library  Associa- 
tion at  the  1915  conference. 

Resolved,  That,  in  response  to  communica- 
tions from  the  American  Library  Association 
Committee  on  Relation  of  the  American  Li- 
brary Association  and  state  library  associa- 
tions, during  the  necessary  period  of  Amer- 
ican Library  Association  deliberations  over 
such  matters,  the  California  Library  Associa- 
tion again  states  its  belief  that  affiliation  with 
the  national  organization  would  be  advantag- 
eous, and  suggests  as  the  first  step  toward 
such  affiliation  state  representation  in  the 
American  Library  Association  Council  on  a 
basis  of  one  delegate  for  each  state  having 
an  association. 

Resolved,  That  this  Association  has  suf- 
fered the  loss  of  an  earnest  and  helpful  friend 
in  the  death  of  Francis  Fisher  Browne,  whose 
contribution  to  the  Pasadena  meeting  and 
whose  kindly  presence  at  Lake  Tahoe  and  at 
other  meetings  have  endeared  him  to  all  of  us. 
ALICE  J.  HAINES,  Secretary-treasurer. 

MICHIGAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 
The  23d  annual  meeting  of  the  Michigan 
Library  Association  will  be  held  in  Muskegon, 
Sept.  9-1 1,  1913.  Muskegon  is  well  known  as 
a  hospitable  city,  and  arrangements  are  going 
forward  for  some  pleasant  entertainments. 
Located  as  it  is  on  Lake  Michigan,  there  are 
many  attractions  of  water  and  woods,  and 
any  who  wish  to  remain  after  the  meeting 
will  find  it  a  most  agreeable  place.  Mr.  Mat- 


thew S.  Dudgeon,  secretary  of  the  Wisconsin 
Free  Library  Commission,  and  Mrs.  Gudrun 
Thorne-Thomsen,  of  Chicago,  are  to  be  on 
the  program  as  well  as  a  number  of  interest- 
ing people  from  Michigan,  -both  in  library 
work  and  out. 

ANNIE  A.   POLLARD,  Secretary, 

Grand  Rapids. 


2ltbrar£  Soboois  anfc  draining 
Classes 


SUMMER   SESSION,    SIMMONS    COLLEGE 
LIBRARY    SCHOOL 

The  Summer  session  covered  the  six  weeks 
from  July  8  to  August  16.  The  courses  given 
were  as  follows :,  the  figures  indicate  the  num- 
ber of  class  hours  allotted  to  each :  Cataloging 
(15),  Miss  Hill;  Classification  (12),  Miss 
Hill;  Public  documents  (2),  Miss  Hill;  Refer- 
ence in  Bibliography  (23),  Miss  Cooper;  Work 
with  children,  including  lectures  on  work  with 
schools  which  were  open  to  all  summer  stu- 
dents (30),  Mrs.  Mary  E.  S.  Root,  of  the 
Providence  Public  Library. 

Miscellaneous  lectures :  Buildings,  Order 
work.  Accession,  Shelf  list,  Copyright,  Binding, 
Publicity  (i  or  2),  Miss  Hill;  Periodicals, 
their  use  and  care  (i),  Administration  of  the 
small  library  (i),  Mrs.  Frances  Rathbone  Coe; 
Library  House-keeping  (i),  Dr.  G.  E.  Wire; 
Commissions  (i),  Miss  Zaidee  Brown;  Book 
prices  from  the  bookseller's  point  of  view  (i), 
Mr.  W.  B.  Clarke;  Office  methods  (i),  Dr.  E. 
H.  Eldridge  of  the  Secretarial  department; 
Card  filing  and  indexing  (i),  Mr.  Newton  Bos- 
ton, manager  of  Yawman  &  Erbe;  Children's 
work  in  the  New  York  Public  Library,  an  in- 
formal talk,  Miss  A.  C.  Moore;  The " vertical 
file  in  reference  work  (i),  Miss  M.  A.  Mc- 
Vetv. 

The  following  visits  were  made :  Boston  Art 
Museum  for  the  Story  hour  of  the  play-ground 
children;  North  Bennett  Street  Industrial 
School  and  North  End  Branch  of  the  Boston 
Public  Library;  Brookline  Public  Library; 
Medford  Public  Library;  Riverside  Press  of 
Houghton  Mififlin;  Farquhar's  Bindery,  Cam- 
bridge; Boston  Book  company. 

The  students  were  granted  the  use  of  the 
Boston  Art  Museum,  and  also  the  benefit  of 
the  Harvard  Summer  school  rates  for  the  Co- 
burn  players.  These  privileges  were  fully  taken 
advantage  of. 

LIST     OF     STUDENTS     IN     ATTENDANCE 

Bell,  Louise  Barbara,  Roxbury,  Mass.,  assist- 
ant, East  Boston  Branch,  Boston  Public  Li- 
brary. 

Blake.  Mrs.  Susan  Washburn,  West  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.,  librarian,  West  Stockbridge 
Public  Library. 


September,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


53* 


Bracebridge,  Dorothy,  Haverhill,  Mass.,  sub- 
stitute, Haverhill  Public  Library. 

Brewster,  Mary  Bunce,  Warehouse  Point, 
Conn.,  assistant,  Archives  Department,  State 
Library,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Connell,  Gertrude  Lucia,  Roxbury,  Mass.,  as- 
sistant, Brighton  Public  Library. 

Connell,  Grace  Madeline,  Roxbury,  Mass.,  as- 
sistant, Dorchester  Branch  Library. 

Cook,  Katharine  Elizabeth,  Worcester,  Mass., 
assistant,  Worcester  Free  Public  Library. 

Croff,  Grace  A.,  Marlboro,  Mass.,  assistant, 
Radcliffe  College  Library. 

Curtis,  Susan  Wales,  Somerville,  Mass.,  as- 
sistant, Somerville  Public  Library. 

Davenport,  Lillian  Lucy,  Pawtucket,  R.  I.,  sub- 
stitute, Deborah  Cook  Sales  Public  Library, 
Pawtucket. 

Davis,  Cora  Whitcomb,  Littleton,  Mass.,  li- 
brarian, Reuben  Hoar  Library,  Littleton. 

Dodge,  Jennie  Perkins,  Beverly,  Mass.,  as- 
sistant, Beverly  Public  Library. 

Follansbee,  Helen  Leslie,  Amesbury,  Mass., 
substitute,  Amesbury  Public  Library. 

Ford,  Florence  Milton,  Quincy,  Mass.,  assist- 
ant, Quincy  Public  Library. 

Forster,  Margaret  Blanche,  Wrentham,  Mass., 
assistant,  Walpole  Public  Library,  Wrenth- 
am. 

Goodrich,  Harriet  Maria,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich., 
librarian,  Union  Public  High  School,  Grand 
Rapids. 

Hart,  Etta  S.,  Goffstown,  N.  H.,  assistant, 
Goffstown  Memorial  Free  Library. 

Heizer,  Helen  Mary,  Goffstown,  N.  H.,  as- 
sistant, Public  Library,  Lancaster,  Mass. 

Hubbard,  Mary  Parker,  Haverhill,  Mass.,  as- 
sistant, Haverhill  Public  Library. 

Hyland,  Edith  Louise,  Wollaston,  Mass.,  assist- 
ant, Thomas  Crane  Public  Library,  Quincy, 
Mass. 

Keeler,  Josephine  Mary,  Bennington,  Vt.,  li- 
brarian, Bennington  Free  Library. 

Lewis,  Clara  Ward,  Westminster,  Md.,  librar- 
ian, Western  Maryland  College  Library. 

Murphy,  Alice  Louise,  Boston,  assistant,  City 
Point  Reading  Room,  Boston  Public  Li- 
brary. 

Murry,  Sarah  E.  G.,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  assist- 
ant, Biological  Library,  Mass.,  Institute  of 
Technology,  Boston. 

Nelson,  Sabina  May,  Winthrop,  Mass.,  acting 
librarian,  Winthrop  Public  Library. 

Odiorne,  Jeanette  Carr,  Haverhill,  Mass.,  sub- 
stitute, Haverhill  Public  Library. 

Partridge,  Blanche  Estelle,  Holliston,  Mass., 
librarian,  Holliston  Public  Library. 

Reid,  Margaret  Hope,  Somerville,  Mass.,  cus- 
todian. Mt.  Pleasant  Reading  Room,  Boston 
Public  Library. 

Sather,  Ruth  Bertha,  Dorchester,  Mass.,  assist- 
ant, Codman  Square  Reading  Room,  Boston 
Public  Library. 

Saville,  Catherine,  'Q-uincy,  Mass.,  assistant, 
Atlantic  Reading  Room,  Quincy. 

Sheehan,  Eleanor  Louise,  Lynn,  Mass. 


Thome,    Emilie    Hart,    West   Newton,   Mass., 

assistant,  Town  Room*  Boston. 
Turner,      Bernice     Maude,     North     Reading, 
Mass.,  assistant,  North  Reading  Public  Li- 
brary. 

ISABELLA  M.  COOPER, 
Instructor  in    Charge. 

LIBRARY  SCHOOL— NEW  YORK  PUBLIC 
LIBRARY 

The  list  of   graduates,  class   of   1913,   with 
positions  so  far  as  settled,  is  as  follows : 
Esther  Hurd  Allerton,  Manhattan,    indexer  on 

Catholic  Encyclopedia. 
Elizabeth  B.  Baldwin,  Brooklyn. 
Edith  Hall  Crowell,  Perth  Amboy,  N.  J.,  head 
of   reference   department,   Trenton    (N.   J.) 
Public  Library. 
Vera  Elder,  Irvington,  N.  Y.,  assistant,  York- 

ville  branch,  New  York  Public  Library. 
Dagmar  Oerting  Holmes,   Montgomery,   Ala., 
assistant,  Yorkville  branch,  New  York  Pub- 
lic Library. 

Carol   Hurd,   Dubuque,    Iowa,   first   assistant, 

Yorkville  branch,  New  York  Public  Library. 

Caroline  B.  Kelliher,  De  Roche,  B.  C,  librarian 

Municipal  Reference  branch,  Portland  (Ore.) 

Public  Library. 

Dorothy  Kent,  Brooklyn,  head  of  circulation 

department,  Trenton  (N.  J.)  Public  Library. 

Edith     C.     Mocardell,     Middletown,     N.     Y., 

children's   librarian,    East    Orange    (N.    J.) 

Public  Library. 

Janet  Frederica  Melvain,  Bloomfield,  N.  J., 
cataloguer,  reference  department,  New  York 
Public  Library. 

Marie  A.  Newberry,  Dundee,  Mich.,  main 
reading  room,  reference  department,  New 
York  Public  Library. 

Alice  Keats  O'Connor,  Hartford,  Conn., 
children's  librarian,  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary. 

Gertrude   Olmstead,    Bloomfield,    N.   J.,    cata- 
loguer, New  York  School  of  Philanthropy. 
Laura  Vida  Schnarendorf,  New  York  City,  as- 
sistant, Tremont  branch,  New  York  Public 
Library. 

Mary   Beck   Snyder,   New  York   City,  branch 
librarian,    Queens   Borough   Public   Library. 
Edith   Winifred  Tiemann.   Brooklyn,   first  as- 
sistant,   branch.  New  York  Public 

Library. 

The  list  of  students  receiving  certificates  will 
be  given  in  the  next  report,  with  their  appoint- 
ments. 

The  registration  of  the  classes  for  1913-1^ 
may  be  classified  as  follows,  subject  to  change 
before  October  ist:  Seniors,  26,  representing 
eight  states  ;  Juniors,  42,  representing  17  states, 
Canada  and  Finland,  including  graduates  of 
ten  colleges  and  seven  normal  schools.  Par- 
tial students,  six  or  seven,  as  yet  uncertain, 
representing  New  York,  New  Jersey  and  Penn- 
sylvania. MARY  W.  PLUMMER. 


532 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


UNIVERSITY     OF     CALIFORNIA     SUMMER 
COURSE   IN   LIBRARY   METHODS 

A  six  weeks'  course  in  Library  methods  was 
conducted  by  the  University  of  California  Li- 
brary June  23  to  August  2.  The  class  con- 
sisted of  twenty-six  students,  who  were  chosen 
from  a  large  number  of  applicants,  preference 
being  given  to  those  who  were  already  in  li- 
brary work. 

The  faculty  in  charge  was  made  up  of  di- 
rector Harold  L.  Leupp.  associate  librarian 
of  the  University  of  California,  Miss  Edith 
Coulter,  of  the  reference  department,  Mr. 
Sydney  B.  Mitchell,  of  the  accessions  de- 
partment of  the  same  university,  and  the 
director  of  the  course,  Miss  Helen  Sutliff, 
chief  of  the  cataloging  and  classification  de- 

?artments  of  the  library  of  Leland  Stanford 
unior  University. 

Very  interesting  special  lectures  were  given 
by  Dr.  Edwin  Wiley,  who  has  recently  come 
to  California  from  the  Library  of  Congress, 
and  Mr.  J.  L.  Gillis,  state  librarian. 

The  course  was  carefully  planned  to  include 
only  the  essentials  of  library  economy,  the  fac- 
ulty feeling  that  six  weeks  was  too  short  a 
time  to  permit  anything  more.  Following  is 
the  list  of  subjects  and  time  devoted  to  each: 

1.  Cataloging     and    Classification,    including 
shelf-listing;  30  periods.   The  essentials  of 
the    dictionary   catalog   and   of   the   deci- 
mal classification. 

2.  Reference  Work ;  10  periods.    The  study  of 
1     a  selected  list   of   reference   books,   with 

problems   involving  their   use. 

3.  Book  Buying  and   Selection   of  Books;  8 

periods.  The  study  of  the  more  import- 
ant trade  bibliographies  and  of  printed 
aids  to  book  selection. 

4.  Loan  Systems  ;  2  periods.    The  comparative 

study  of  systems  adapted  to  public  library 
needs. 

5.  Binding  and  Repair  of  Books ;  2  periods. 

Practical  consideration  of  materials,  meth- 
ods and  costs,  illustrated  by  a  visit  to  the 
university  bindery. 

6.  Library   Buildings   and    Equipment;    3  pe- 

riods. Consideration  of  the  arrangement 
of  shelving,  furnishings  and  lighting  in  a 
small  public  library. 

7-     California  Library  Law  and  Conditions ;  2 
periods. 

COURSE  IN  LIBRARY  ECONOMY— RIPON 
COLLEGE 

A  course  in  Library  economy  will  be  one 
of  the  new  courses  offered  at  Ripon  College, 
Ripon,  Wis.,  this  year.  The  course  will  con- 
sist in  a  rapid  survey  by  lectures  of  the  main 
features  of  modern  library  work.  The  stu- 
dents in  the  class  will  have  actual  practice  in 
the  library.  Emphasis  will  be  laid  on  the 
methods  employed  in  the  Wisconsin  Legisla- 
tive Library.  The  needs  of  high  schools  and 
normal  schools  will  be  considered.  The  course 
in  library  methods  will  be  given  by  Professor 
William  Everett  Jillson,  A.M. 


periodical  anfc  otbcr  SUterature 

Pennsylvania  Library  Notes,  for  July,  con- 
tains interesting  sketches  on  the  Friends'  Li- 
brary and  the  Apprentices'  Free  Library  Com- 
pany, both  of  Philadelphia,  notes  on  the  sum- 
mer library  school  at  the  State  College,  and 
field  notes  covering  the  state. 

Bindery  Talk  (Los  Angeles)  for  May- June 
contains  three  noteworthy  articles :  "Niger  mo- 
rocco, its  importation  and  manufacture,"  by 
Frederick  N.  Moore;  "How  to  criticize  a  re- 
bound book,"  by  W.  Elmo  Reayis,  and  the 
concluding  article  on  "Bookbinding,"  by 
George  A.  Stephen. 

Wisconsin  Library  Bulletin,  May-June,  con- 
tains "The  true  librarian,"  by  Richard 
Lloyd-Jones,  editor  of  the  Wisconsin  State 
Journal;  and  "Educating  all  the  People  all  the 
Time,"  by  Professor  John  Callahan,  President, 
Wisconsin  Teachers'  Association. 

The  American  Labor  Legislation  Review^ 
June,  is  devoted  to  "Social  insurance"  in  its 
varied  aspects,  including  workingmen's  com- 
pensation. The  monograph  concludes  with  a 
six-page  selected  and  annotated  bibliography 
arranged  under  the  following  headings :  Bib- 
liographies ;  General  works ;  Accident  and  oc- 
cupational disease  insurance;  Life  insurance; 
Maternity  (childbirth)  insurance  and  mothers' 
pensions  (childhood  insurance)  ;  Old  age  and 
invalidity  insurance ;  Sickness  insurance ;  Un- 
employment insurance. 

ENGLISH 

The  Library,  July,  contains  "The  Kentish 
post  or  the  Canterbury  news  letter,"  by  F. 
William  Cock;  "The  Foulis  exhibition,"  by 
C.  G.,  and  "Recent  foreign  literature,"  by 
Elizabeth  Lee. 

The  Library  World,  July,  contains  "Some 
great  printers^  and  their  work:  Christopher 
Plantin,"  by  A.  Cecil  Piper;  and  "Librarian- 
ship  in  2013 :  a  study  in  tendencies,"  by  Frank 
Haigh. 

The  Librarian  antt  Book  World,  July,  con- 
tains "Prints  in  public  libraries,"  by  Arthur 
Webb  (Brighton  Public  Library),  and  a  list 
of  "Best  books,"  annotated  and  classified  by 
Arthur  J.  Hawkes. 

The  Library  Association  Record,  July,  con- 
tains "Some  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  cen- 
tury catalogues,"  by  C.  J.  Purnell;  "Terminol- 
ogy," by  L.  C  Wharton,  and  "Town  bibliog- 
raphies," by  Archibald  Sparke. 

FOREIGN  ' 

Bulletin  de  I' Association  des  Bibliothecaires 
Fran^ais,  for  May- June,  contains  "Publications 
nouvelles  concernant  les  Bibliotheques  fran- 
gaises  en  1912,"  by  M.  A.  Vidier,  and  "Est-il 
possible  d'  ameliorer  la  situation  des  Biblio- 
theques municipales  classics  et  de  leur  per- 
sonnel?" by  M.  G.  Oursel. 


September,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


533 


La  Vie  Internationale,  for  August,  contains 
"Les  Periodiques  et  le  Mouvement  Interna- 
tional," by  Paul  Otlet;  "Faits  et  documents," 
and  "Reunions  Internationales." 

Zentralblatt  fur  Bibliothekswesen,  July-Au- 
gust, contains  "Ueber  die  Briefsammlungen 
des  Poggio  Barcciolini,"  by  A.  Wilmanns,  and 
"Der  Schlagwortkatalog  der  Wiener  Univer- 
sitatsbibliothek,"  by  H.  Bohatta. 

//  Libra  e  la  Stampa,  May-June,  contains 
'"Per  la  storia  letteraria  del  Duecento,"  by  G. 
Zaccagnini. 

Maandblad  voor  Bibliotheekwezen,  July  20, 
contains  the  report  of  the  general  conference 
of  the  Central  Association  of  Public  Reading 
Rooms  in  Libraries,  held  on  July  5  at  The 
Hague. 

La  Coltura  Popolare,  July,  contains  "La 
proposta  Cornandini  per  la  riforma  degli  studi 
nazionali,"  by  C.  Treves ;  "II  corso  popolare  ai 
Senato,"  by  P.  Foa;  and  "L'educazione  so- 
ciale  dei  deficenti  e  amorali  nel  recente  es- 
perimento  di  Imola,"  by  M.  Grassini-Sarfatti. 

SEPARATE    ARTICLES 
BOOK  REVIEWS. 

Reviewing  from  a  bookman's  standpoint.  By 
Robt.  D.  Macleod.  Lib.  World,  Je.,  '13. 

A  plea  for  unbiased  and  adequate  criticism 
— "the  method  of  analysis  and  exposition, 
coupled  with  necessary  and  strictly  apposite 
criticism." 

BOOK   ILLUSTRATION. 

Methods  of  book  illustration.  By  W.  B ram- 
ley  Coupland.  Lib.  World,  Je.,  '13. 

Facts  of  various  illustrative  processes  given 
briefly  and  clearly. 

BOOKS   AND  READING. 

The  special  student's  reading.  Elizabeth  G. 
Baldwin.  Household  Arts  Review,  A.,  '13. 

"In  these  days  of  utilitarian  view  points" 
there  is  danger  that  the  student  may  confine 
himself  too  closely  to  the  practical  and  scien- 
tific works  on  his  subject  and  miss  thereby  the 
historical,  biographical  and  picturesque  aspects. 
Departmental  and  special  libraries  encourage 
this  tendency,  but  much  instruction  and  enjoy- 
ment is  to  be  obtained  by  going  further  afield. 
"The  special  student,  using  it  (the  depart- 
mental library)  is  studying  under  the  narrow- 
ing influences  of  modern  educational  methods. 
It  is  highly  important  that  he  should  know,  if 
only  in  a  superficial  way,  of  the  existence  of 
-other  subjects  besides  the  one  or  more  he  is 
investigating.  .  .  .  'The  more  highly  a  man  is 
educated,  the  larger  is  the  library  which  he 
needs  that  his  education  may  accomplish  its 
'highest  results.' " 

CLASSIFICATION. 

The  classification  of  biography.  By  F.  W.  C. 
Pepper.  Lib.  Assoc.  R.,  Je.,  '13. 

Mr.   Pepper  recommends  a  subject  classifi- 


cation for  biography  since  "biography  may  be 
defined  as  history  applied  to  an  individual." 
He  recognizes  the  difficulty  of  finding  a  place 
for  a  man  of  many  subjects  like  William  Mor- 
ris, but  finds  his  biographers  usually  treating 
him  in  one  of  his  several  characters,  as  artist, 
poet,  or  socialist.  Collected  biography,  if  gen- 
eral, goes  with  general  history ;  if  special,  with 
the  subject. 

FICTION  BUYING. 

Selection  of  fiction.  By  Elva  L.  Bascom. 
Wis.  L.  B.,  M.-A.,  '13,  p.  34-40. 

Novels  are  a  necessary  part  of  the  public 
library  equipment,  but  other  classes  should  not 
be  crippled  for  the  fiction-reader.  The  bound- 
ary line  between  good  and  bad  (except  actually 
vicious)  fiction  is  very  shadowy.  Novels  should 
not  be  condemned  for  lack  of  literary  merit, 
if  they  are  "good  stories."  Even  the  machine- 
made  books,  descriptive  in  purpose  and  monot- 
onous in  plot,  appeal  to  a  large  class  and  do 
no  actual  harm.  Stories  which  give  false  im- 
pressions of  life  and  its  values,  which  tamper 
with  historical  facts  in  an  unfair  way,  which 
contain  immoral  suggestion,  or  make  crime  too 
fascinating  in  spite  of  a  final  retribution, 
should  be  omitted  from  any  public  library  un- 
less it  can  afford  a  restricted  collection.  All 
fiction  should  be  read,  not  skimmed,  by  the 
librarian  or  book  committee,  or  some  one  in 
whom  they  have  confidence.  The  librarian 
should  not  be  afraid  to  wait  a  few  months  be- 
fore buying  fiction  until  time  has  tested  the 
book. 

LIBRARY  LEGISLATION. 

Bailment  in  the  library.  By  Dr.  Arthur  E. 
Bostwick.  Pub.  Lib.,  Jl.,  '13. 

An  explanation  of  the  legal  responsibility  of 
the  library  in  its  relations  to  the  public  and  of 
the  public  to  the  library.  "A  bailment,  in  law, 
is  the  delivery  of  goods  for  some  purpose, 
upon  a  contract,  express  or  implied,  that  after 
the  purpose  has  been  fulfilled  they  shall  be  re- 
turned, or  otherwise  dealt  with  according  to 
directions."  An  interesting  summary  of  a 
little-discussed  aspect  of  library  service.  Laws 
vary  in  different  states,  so  that  the  librarian 
must  go  from  these  pages  to  the  law  of  his 
own  state  in  order  to  be  certain  of  his  liability 
in  case  an  umbrella  disappears  from  his  read- 
ing room. 

PRINT  COLLECTIONS. 

Print  collections  in  small  libraries.  By  J.  C. 
Dana.  Pub.  Lib.,  Jl.,  '13. 

"Prints,"  says  Mr.  Dana,  "form  im- 
portant parts  of  many  libraries.  It  should  be 
part  of  a  librarian's  duty  and  it  may  easily 
become  one  of  the  pleasures  of  his  calling  to 
encourage  an  intelligent  interest  in  all  the  arts 
which  are  employed  in  bookmaking.  There- 
fore, every  library,  however  small,  should  have 
a  collection  of  prints,  even  though  it  is  in  its 
beginning  nothing  more  than  a  collection  of 


534 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


illustrations  from  books  and  journals  of  recent 
years.  Once  begun  it  will  surely  grow  in  due 
course  into  a  collection  embracing  many  prints 
properly  so-called,  pictures  which  owe  their 
charm,  their  beauty  and  their  value  to  the 
genius  of  the  artist  engravers  who  produced 
them.  Such  a  collection,  even  if  very  modest 
and  inexpensive,  can  be  so  .selected,  arranged 
and  labeled  as  to  illustrate  quite  clearly  the 
different  methods  and  processes  by  which 
prints  are  made,  to  indicate  wherein  lies  the 
charm  they  have  for  those  who  collect,  admire 
and  study  them,  and  to  form  an  outline  of  the 
history  of  book  illustration.  Prints  thus  gath- 
ered, classified,  mounted  and  labeled  imme- 
diately take  on  a  certain  dignity  and  worth: 
They  add  to  the  library's  importance  in  the 
eyes  of  the  discriminating.  They  invite  atten- 
tion, inquiry,  study,  and,  what  is  particularly 
worth  while,  they  invite  contributions  from 
print-lovers  of  the  vicinity." 

Botes  anD  IRews 

BOY  SCOUT  LIBRARY. — The  first  library 
founded  by  members  of  the  Rhode  Island  Boy 
'Scouts,  for  the  exclusive  use  of  members,  has 
been  started  at  the  Edgewood  Free  Public 
Library. 

COUNTY  LIBRARIES. — Plans  for  the  establish- 
ment of  county  libraries  in  the  county  seats  of 
every  county  in  the  country  were  outlined  in 
a  recent  address  before  the  joint  meeting  of 
the  library  and  rural  and  agricultural  depart- 
ments of  Utah  by  P.  P.  Claxton,  United 
States  Commissioner  of  Education  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  The  address  of  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Education  was  made  in  connection 
with  a  discussion  of  "The  library  and  rural 
communities." 

Mr.  Claxton  asserted  that  young  people  in 
the  country  have  more  time  to  read  than  do 
city  people,  and  he  said  if  the  proper  kind  of 
literature  was  furnished  them  they  would  edu- 
cate themselves.  He  said  he  saw  no  reason 
why  every  county  in  the  United  States  should 
not  either  build  a  library  building  or  give 
space  in  the  county  building  for  the  purpose. 
He  said  that  circulating  libraries  were  good 
when  nothing  better  could  be  secured,  but  that 
this  system  was  faulty  because  it  was  almost 
impossible  to  secure  a  certain  book  after  it  had 
been  circulated  through  the  neighborhood. 

"The  influence  of  the  agricultural  college  on 
the  farmer's  use  of  books"  was  the  subject  of 
an  address  by  William  M.  Hepburn,  of  Purdue 
University,  at  the  same  conference.  In  part 
he  said: 

"It  is  certain  that  if  only  the  material  con- 
ditions of  the  life  of  the  farmer  are  improved, 
the  problem  will  not  be  entirely  solved.  There 
must  be  vastly  improved  living  conditions,  bet- 
ter homes,  better  schools,  better  churches,  bet- 
ter social  conditions,  before  unrest  will  cease 
in  the  country.  The  agricultural  college  can 
encourage  the  intelligent  use  of  books  and  bul- 


letins on  farming.  The  government  and  sta- 
tions are  turning  out  tons  upon  tons  of  printed 
matter.  But  too  little  attention  has  been  given 
to  having  this  properly  read  or  applied  by  the 
farmer.  Shorter  and  simpler  bulletins  and  cir- 
culars, the  distribution  of  lists  of  the  best 
books  and  bulletins  would  be  of  great  assist- 
ance." 

EFFICIENCY  INVESTIGATION  OF  A  LIBRARY. — 
"The  Emerson  Company  of  New  York,  effi- 
ciency engineers,  was  employed  by  the  City 
Council  in  the  latter  part  of  the  past  year  to 
investigate  the  city  departments,"  says  the  re- 
port of  the  Seattle  Public  Library.  "The  as- 
sistant engineer,  Mr.  E.  T.  Clarke,  who  made 
the  investigation  at  the  library,  stated  in  the 
report  submitted  in  November,  1912,  that  'the 
management  of  the  Seattle  Public  Library  as  a 
whole  is  admirable.  Without  exception,  a  re- 
markable enthusiasm  pervades  the  entire  or- 
ganization and  the  library  stands  prominent, 
not  only  as  a  city  department  of  high  efficiency, 
but  as  a  leading  library  when  viewed  from  the 
standpoint  of  public  service/  and  'that  a  re- 
turn to  civil  service  methods  could  not  bring 
any  better  results.'  In  his  report  on  the 
Seattle  Civil  Service  Department  he  also  states 
'that  the  Library  Department  at  30  per  cent, 
less  rates  of  pay  has  built  up  an  organization 
distinctly  more  efficient  than  that  of  any  de- 
partment under  civil  service  rules.'  This  in- 
spection by  an  efficiency  expert  was  an  inter- 
esting episode  in  the  year's  work.  The  neces- 
sity for  justifying  to  an  unprejudiced  but  crit- 
ical outsider  the  policies  and  the  practical  con- 
duct of  the  library  was  a  beneficial  experience, 
as  it  made  each  assistant  more  keenly  alive  to 
the  need  for  intelligent  service  in  carrying  out 
the  library  routine.  Also  though  very  little 
was  forthcoming  of  practical  value  in  the  way 
of  suggestions  for  improvement,  except  along 
those  lines  of  which  we  have  long  been  con- 
scious and  upon  which  we  are  already  work- 
ing, still  it  was  gratifying  to  be  so  heartily 
endorsed  by  the  inspector  and  to  have  con- 
firmation of  our  belief  in  our  policies  and 
practice  of  administration." 

"LIBRARY  DAY"  IN  SCHOOLS. — New  York  Li- 
braries notes  a  suggestion  as  to  setting  apart 
a  "Library  day"  in  schools,  a  day  "in  which 
teachers  and  children  shall  be  reminded  of  the 
part  that  books  and  reading  have  in  human 
life  and  education  and  in  which  the  various 
interests  of  the  school  library  shall  be  set 
forth  and  emphasized.  .  .  .  Sayings  of  great 
men  regarding  books  could  be  memorized  and 
recited;  the  part  that  particular  books  have 
had  in  great  lives  or  in  great  historic  move- 
ments could  be  illustrated  and  emphasized ; 
stories  introducing  the  great  classics  for  chil- 
dren could  be  told ;  or  efforts  could  be  directed 
toward  practical  means  for  enlarging  or  im- 
proving the  school  library.  The  main  thing  is 
that  the  library  be  magnified  in  the  minds  of 
children,  and  given  an  added  power  of  appeal 
to  their  imagination  and  interest." 


September,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


535 


LIBRARY  HOUSE-CLEANING. — The  Vermont  Li- 
brary Bulletin  has  a  good  suggestion  as  to  sav- 
ing of  space:  "Many  librarians  are  troubled 
by  lack  of  space.  How  many  of  these  have  a 
spring  house-cleaning  in  the  library,  and  give 
away  or  throw  away  the  worn-out  books  and 
those  very  old  books  that  have  not  been  used 
for  ten  years  or  so — and  which  probably  will 
never  be  used?  And  how  many  feel  obliged 
to  preserve  every  United  States  government  or 
state  document  that  is  sent  to  them,  regardless 
of  its  practical  value  to  the  library?  It  is 
against  the  law  to  sell  government  publica- 
tions, but  not  to  throw  them  away.  Merely 
because  a  book  has  been  entered  in  the  acces- 
sion-book and  in  some  libraries  cataloged,  it 
is  not  forever  sacred  and  therefore  never  to  be 
eliminated  from  the  library.  It  should  be  got 
rid  of  as  soon  as  it  ceases  to  be  useful  to  the 
borrowers,  and  the  space  gained  then  given  to 
other  books  that  will  actively  help  and  please 
the  readers  and  the  librarian." 

A  LIBRARY  ROOF-GARDEN. — "Story  hour  on  the 
roof  of  the  new  North  End  branch  of  the 
Boston  Public  Library  Wednesday  evenings  is 
an  event  of  absorbing  interest  to  the  scores  of 
eager  boys  who  attend/'  says  the  Christian 
Science  Monitor.  "Last  week  129  came,  most 
of  them  Italians  and  Russian  Jews,  and  Kipling 
would  have  felt  complimented  indeed  if  he  could 
have  witnessed  the  delight  with  which  these 
youngsters  listened  to  the  jungle  stories  told  to 
them  under  the  light  of  the  moon  and  stars. 
The  roof  bids  fair  to  be  one  of  the  most  pop- 
ular spots  in  the  North  End  all  through  the 
summer.  In  fact,  the  whole  library  building  is 
sincerely  appreciated  by  the  people  of  the  dis- 
trict, and  since  the  placing  of  the  bas-relief  of 
Dante  in  the  library  the  Italians  have  been 
coming  in  greater  numbers  than  ever." 

SCHOOL     LIBRARIES      IN      NORTH      CAROLINA.— t 

During  the  first  eight  months  of  the  present 
biennial  period,  165  new  libraries  have  been 
established  in  the  schools  of  North  Carolina  at 
a  cost  of  $4950.  During  the  same  time  85  sup- 
plemental libraries  at  a  cost  of  $1275  have  been 
added  to  the  libraries  already  established. 
There  are  on  file  applications  for  ten  original 
and  twenty-five  supplemental  libraries  to  be 
established  from  unused  library  funds  at  the 
close  of  the  biennial  period.  The  number  of 
new  books  added  this  year  is  estimated  at 
17,150  volumes.  There  are  to  date  3278  original 
and  471  supplemental  libraries,  containing  ap- 
proximately 326,846  volumes.  More  than  half 
the  white  schools  of  the  State  have  libraries. 

YOUNG  PEOPLE'S  COLLECTIONS. —  From  the  two 
age  divisions  of  the  public  library,  children 
and  adults,  a  third  seems  to  be  developing 
which  needs  as  much  attention  as  either.  Miss 
Andrus,  of  the  Seattle  Public  Library,  de- 
scribes the  difficulties  in  work  with  adoles- 
cents :  "The  second  need  is  for  the  establish- 
ment in  the  central  children's  room  of  a  col- 
lection of  books  suitable  for  children  over 


fourteen  who  are  unwilling  to  use  the  adult 
department.  The  size  of  the  adult  collection 
seems  to  confuse  many  of  the  children,  and 
the  pressure  under  which  the  assistants  in  the 
open-shelf  room  work  in  busy  times  makes  the 
children  unwilling  to  go  to  them  for  help.  As 
a  result  hundreds  of  boys  and  girls  who 
ought  to  be  reading  adult  books  come  to  the 
children's  room  and  continue  to  read  Barbour 
and  Richards  when  they  should  be  reading 
Hugo  and  Thackeray.  What  is  needed  is  a 
collection  especially  selected  to  meet  the  in- 
terests of  these  children,  and  consisting  not 
only  of  the  standard  novels,  but  of  popular  his- 
tory and  biography  and  a  number  of  titles  of 
carefully  selected  light  fiction.  The  legitimate 
place  for  such  a  collection  is  with  the  adult 
books,  but  conditions  here  make  it  seem  de- 
sirable to  shelve  it  in  the  children's  room.  Too 
much  emphasis  cannot  be  placed  on  the  im- 
portance of  work  with  young  people  of  this 
age.  and  all  means  should  be  employed  which 
will  lead  the  children  to  a  wholesome  taste 
for  good  books  and  deflect  them  from  the  in- 
discriminate reading  which  is  a  symptom  of 
their  adolescence,  and  which  if  not  corrected 
will  make  of  them  adult  readers  with  poor 
and  immature  tastes." 

THE  Minnesota  State  Board  of  Control  has 
chosen  Clarence  H.  Johnston,  of  St.  Paul, 
one  of  the  best  known  architects  in  the  North- 
west, as  the  architect  for  the  new  $500,000 
building  to  be  erected  as  a  home  for  the 
Minnesota  State  Historical  Society.  Mr. 
Johnston  plans  to  leave  in  a  few  days  for 
Madison,  Wis.,  where  he  will  inspect  the 
state  library  there.  From  Madison  he  expects 
to  go  East,  and  will  examine  several  build- 
ings in  other  states.  On  his  return  he  will 
begin  preparing  designs  for  the  new  building, 
which  is  to  correspond  as  closely  as  possible 
with  the  new  Capitol. 

SUIT  was  brought  in  the  Superior  Court  on 
July  Q  by  the  city  of  Seattle  to  recover  $450,- 
ooo  for  damages  done  to  the  public  library 
building  by  the  construction  of  a  tunnel 
through  which  trains  are  operated  into  the 
King  Street  station.  Defendants  in  the  case 
are  the  Great  Northern  Railway  Company, 
Northern  Pacific  Railway  Company,  and  Seat- 
tle &  Montana  Railroad  Company.  Unlawful 
negligence  and  careless  acts  in  connection  with 
the  construction  of  the  big  bore  have  caused, 
it  is  alleged,  the  entire  street  to  settle,  result- 
ing in  large  breaks  in  the  walls  of  the  library 
building  and  in  the  approach.  The  settling  of 
the  streets  was  due  to  the  rotting  of  wooden 
supports  directly  over  the  tunnel. 

THE  Michigan  State  Library  was  closed 
during  August  for  repairs.  This  is  the  first 
time  that  the  library  has  been  closed  since  the 
erection  of  the  present  state  capitol  and  the 
establishing  of  the  library. 

THE  American  Librarians'  Home  Asso- 
ciation officially  opened  its  new  Vacation 


536 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


House  and  Home  for  Librarians  at  Indian 
Neck,  Branford,  Conn.,  on  Aug.  2,  when  a 
luncheon  was  served  for  the  members  at  the 
house,  and  a  celebration  meeting  was  held  in 
the  Blackstone  Memorial  Library. 

The  president  of  the  Library  Board,  Dr. 
C.  W.  Gaylord,  presided  at  the  memorial 
meeting.  Mr.  Adelbert  Moot,  of  Buffalo,  a 
member  of  the  New  York  State  Board  of 
Regents,  the  Rev.  S.  K.  Tompkins,  the  Rev. 
George  W.  Barhydt,  and  several  visiting  li- 
brarians were  among  the  speakers.  Dr.  Gay- 
lord  told  of  the  unfailing  activity  of  Mrs. 
Charles  O.  Craigie,  of  Buffalo,  president  of 
the  association,  in  forwarding  the  purchase 
of  a  home.  Mrs.  Craigie  was  for  many  years 
the  president  of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library 
Association  and  was  the  originator  of  the 
public  library  system  in  Brooklyn.  She 
bought,  as  a  vacation  house  and  home  for 
librarians,  the  John  C.  Anderson  cottage, 
which  is  situated  on  a  rocky  elevation  over- 
looking Long  Island  Sound  and  commanding 
one  of  the  most  extensive  views  on  the  Con- 
necticut coast. 

The  guests  at  Craigie  Lodge,  as  the  home 
is  to  be  known  for  the  present,  will,  of  course, 
pay.  There  is  absolutely  nothing  along  char- 
ity lines  in  this  vacation  house,  but  the  charges 
are  made  extremely  moderate. 

PAMPHLETS  ON  THE  PROPOSED  CURRENCY  BILL. 
— The  following  pamphlets  on  the  proposed 
currency  and  banking  bill,  known  as  the  Fed- 
eral Reserve  Act,  can  be  secured  by  writing 
to  the  banks  issuing  them:  "Administration 
currency  bill,"  by  George  M.  Reynolds,  presi- 
dent Continental  and  Commercial  National 
Bank,  Chicago;  "Analysis  of  the  proposed 
banking  and  currency  bill,"  by  Corn  Exchange 
National  Bank,  Philadelphia ;  "Federal  re- 
serve act,"  by  Fourth  National  Bank,  New 
York;  "Review  of  proposed  banking  and  cur- 
rency bill,"  by  James  B.  Forgan,  president 
First  National  Bank,  Chicago. 

FORMAL  request  will  be  made  to  the  commis- 
sion in  charge  of  Andrew  Carnegie's  library 
benefactions  to  aid  in  reconstructing  and  refit- 
ting the  public  libraries  in  Ohio  cities  damaged 
by  the  floods  of  last  March.  The  libraries  in 
all  the  cities  affected  by  the  flood  were  suffer- 
ers, and  in  several  cases  nearly  all  the  books  and 
records  were  carried  away.  It  is  estimated  that 
more  than  350,000  volumes  were  scattered  along 
the  banks  of  the  Miami,  Ohio  and  Missis- 
sippi rivers.  Warren  Gard,  representative  from 
Hamilton  county,  O.,  came  to  New  York  to  in- 
terest himself  in  bringing  the  plight  of  the  Lane 
Free  Library,  of  Hamilton,  to  the  attention  of 
the  Carnegie  commission.  That  library,  which 
was  one  of  the  largest  in  the  state,  lost  every- 
thing. It  was  housed  in  a  new  building  in 
Third  street,  and  felt  the  full  force  of  the 
waters.  Books,  many  of  them  priceless  and 
impossible  to  replace,  records,  and  even  the 
furniture  were  swept  away.  The  city  of  Ham- 
ilton proposes  to  restore  the  building,  but 


seeks  assistance  in  refurnishing  it  with  books. 
The  Middletown  Library  also  was  destroyed 
partly,  as  were  those  at  Miamisburg  and 
Franklin,  while  Dayton  lost  two  well  equipped 
libraries.  Several  of  the  flood  stricken  towns 
had  Carnegie  libraries,  and  it  is  believed  that 
Mr.  Carnegie  will  consent  to  assist  in  re- 
establishing them. 

ARTICLES  of  incorporation  have  been  filed 
in  the  county  court  for  a  free  library  in  Hart- 
ford county,  Md.  The  library  is  to  have  its 
main  office  at  Belair,  with  branch  offices  in 
every  town  in  the  county. 

To  discover  the  best  American  art  a  com- 
mittee of  the  American  Federation  of  Arts 
sent  out  some  time  ago  a  circular  letter  to 
a  selected  list  of  persons,  including  members 
of  the  federation,  prominent  supervisors  and 
teachers  of  drawing,  artists,  sculptors  and 
others  having  a  reputation  for  taste.  The 
vote  on  architecture  is  of  especial  interest  to 
librarians.  The  seven  public  buildings  in  the 
United  States,  which  led  the  list,  were  in 
order:  Boston  Public  Library;  Capitol  at 
Washington;  New  York  Public  Library; 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  Station,  New  York; 
Trinity  Church,  Boston;  Columbia  University 
Library;  Congressional  Library,  Washington. 

ON  July  30,  at  a  meeting  of  the  executive 
board  of  the  Ontario  County  Historical  So- 
ciety in  Canandaigua,  N.  Y.,  the  contract  for 
the  erection  of  the  proposed  historical  and 
library  building  was  awarded  to  A.  Friederich 
&  Sons  Company,  of  Rochester,  in  acceptance 
of  their  bid  of  $34,260.  The  contractors  agree 
to  have  the  structure  completed  and  ready  for 
occupancy  by  May  I  next. 

THE  New  York  State  Library  has  issued  a 
valuable  "Handbook  for  readers  concerning 
the  new  State  Library  and  its  home  in  the 
state  Education  Building."  The  pamphlet 
contains,  first,  a  general  description  of  the 
building  and  an  account  of  the  scope  of  the 
library.  It  then  takes  up  the  different  de- 
partments and  collections,  informing  the 
reader  what  material  is  available  and  how  to 
get  at  it.  It  is  important  to  note  that  "the 
library  encourages  .  .  .  inquiries  from  per- 
sons who  cannot  visit  the  library  in  person, 
and  attempts  to  answer  all  reasonable  re- 
quests, no  matter  whence  they  come."  In 
addition  to  the  inter-library  loan  system  and 
the  traveling  library  service,  the  library  has 
recently  undertaken  to  assist  clubs  and  de- 
bating societies  in  the  selection  of  topics,  in 
bibliographical  work,  and  by  the  loan  of  mate- 
rial. The  closing  pages  of  the  book  contain 
a  historical  sketch  of  the  State  Library  and 
a  draft  of  the  rules  governing  its  use.  A 
copy  of  the  "Handbook"  has  been  sent  to  the 
head  of  every  registered  library  and  school 
in  the  state  and  should  prove  of  great  useful- 
ness. 

THE  Cleveland  Public  Library  recently 
bought  "The  British  pictures  and  their  paint- 


September,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


537 


ers,"  an  anecdotal  guide  to  the  British  sec- 
tion of  the  National  Gallery,  by  E.  V.  Lucas, 
New  York,  Macmillan  &  Co.,  1913,  and  shortly 
thereafter  ordered  "The  British  School,"  by 
E.  V.  Lucas,  London,  Methuen  &  Co.,  first  pub- 
lished 1913.  A  comparison  of  the  two  books 
proved  them  to  be  precisely  identical,  with  the 
exception  of  the  title  page.  As  no  mention  of 
a  simultaneous  English  and  American  edition 
under  different  titles  has  appeared  in  trade 
journals,  this  notice  will  serve  as  a  warning. 

THE  case  of  Perry  Public  Library  Associa- 
tion vs.  Lobsitz,  (130  Pacific  Reporter,  919),  is 
not  without  its  lesson.  It  appeared  in  this  case 
that  on  petition  from  the  citizens  and  officers 
of  the  city  of  Perry,  Oklahoma,  Mr.  Andrew 
Carnegie  was  induced  to  donate  $10,000  with 
which  to  erect  a  public  library  building.  The 
building  was  duly  erected  and  a  library  in- 
stalled. Soon  after  the  city  council  undertook 
to  use  the  library  building  as  the  city  hall,  to 
establish  therein  the  office  of  the  mayor,  clerk, 
the  chambers  of  the  city  council,  and  the  office 
of  the  police  judge,  and  in  addition  thereto  to 
use  a  portion  of  said  building  for  commercial 
club  purposes,  and  as  a  general  convention 
hall.  Certain  citizens  of  Perry  sought  to  pro- 
cure an  injunction  to  prevent  this,  and  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Oklahoma  reversed  a  de- 
cision of  the  lower  court,  and  granted  a  per- 
petual injunction,  and  thus  prevented  the  eco- 
nomical city  officials  from  misappropriating 
Mr.  Carnegie's  donation. 

Ashfield,  Conn.  Fred  T.  Ley  &  Co.,  Inc., 
have  been  awarded  the  general  contract  for  the 
new  Belden  Memorial  Library  to  be  erected 
by  M.  M.  Belden.  It  will  be  a  one-story  brick 
structure. 

Bridgton,  Me.  The  Dalton  Holmes  Davis 
Memorial  building,  presented  to  the  Bridgton 
Public  Library  Corporation,  was  dedicated 
early  in  August.  The  building  is  a  gift  under 
the  will  of  Dr.  Nathan  Johnson  Davis,  of 
Somerville,  Mass.,  a  native  of  Bridgton,  and  is 
a  memorial  to  his  son. 

Camden  (Ark.)  Library  Association  has  de- 
cided to  change  the  name  of  the  library  from 
the  Camden  Library  to  the  Ingham  Library  as 
a  tribute  to  the  Rev.  and  Mrs.  H.  M.  Ingham, 
who  have  built  it  up  from  a  few  volumes  to 
the  second  largest  library  in  Arkansas. 

Chicago,  III.  The  building  program  for  the 
coming  year  for  the  Illinois  State  University 
calls  for  a  $48,000  addition  to  the  library  and 
horticultural  buildings. 

Cleveland,  Ohio.  The  future  home  of  Cleve- 
land's main  library,  on  the  fifth  and  sixth  floors 
of  the  Kinney  &  Levan  building,  is  rapidly  as- 
suming an  appearance  of  completeness.  The 
quarters  will  house  one  of  the  finest  public 
collections  of  books  in  the  country  for  the  next 
six  years  or  more,  until  the  new  library  build- 
ing proposed  for  the  civic  center,  or  mall,  is 
ready  for  occupancy. 


Cleveland,  Ohio.  On  Saturday,  Aug.  3, 
Sterling  Library,  the  tenth  large  branch, 
housed  in  the  ninth  Carnegie  building  of  the 
Cleveland  Public  Library  system,  opened  its 
doors  to  the  public  for  the  circulation  of 
books.  Sterling  is  a  typical  large  city  branch, 
but  owing  to  the  proximity  of  a  large  number 
of  schools,  it  has  specialized  particularly  in 
children's  books.  A  fine  out-door  reading 
room  is  one  of  the  pleasant  features  of  the 
new  branch. 

Cold  Spring,  N.  Y.  According  to  the  will  of 
the  late  Mrs.  Julia  Lorillard  Butterfield,  widow 
of  General  Daniel  Butterfield,  the  executors 
are  authorized  to  spend  $30,000  in  the  erec- 
tion of  a  library  for  the  use  of  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Cold  Spring  and  Nelsonville,  N.  Y. 
An  additional  $30,000  is  set  aside  in  trust  for 
its  maintenance.  The  building  will  be  known 
as  the  Julia  L.  Butterfield  Library  Building. 
Many  of  the  books  and  pictures  now  at  Crag- 
side,  the  Butterfield  summer  home,  will  go  to 
this  library  and  a  large  orchestrion  owned  by 
Mrs.  Butterfield  will  be  put  in  the  lecture 
hall. 

Corydon,  Ind.  Bids  are  being  received  for 
the  erection  of  a  Carnegie  library. 

Dedham,  Mass.  The  will  of  Edward  A. 
Penniman  gives  to  the  Dedham  Historical  So- 
ciety $5000;  to  the  Dedhami  Public  Library 
$5000. 

Denver,  Colo.,  has  a  new  branch  library  for 
the  Russian  and  Jewish  section  of  the  city.  A 
large  proportion  of  the  7000  volumes  are  in 
Russian  and  Yiddish.  From  the  small  room 
rented  in  this  district  last  vear  over  300,000 
volumes  were  loaned. 

Madison,  Wis.  Dr.  Charles  McCarthy,  li- 
brarian of  the  legislative  reference  library, 
and  M.  S.  Dudgeon,  of  the  same  department, 
left  Madison  on  August  8  for  a  two  months' 
trip  to  Europe  to  study  the  question  of  mar- 
keting and  trade  with  a  view  to  submitting 
the  best  data  obtainable  for  future  legislation 
in  Wisconsin.  The  trip  is  made  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  United  States  government. 

Palestine,  Tex.  Work  will  be  started  almost 
immediately  on  a  new  $15,000  library  building. 

Portland,  Me.  The  Portland  Boys'  Club  has 
received  the  library  of  William  H.  Ohler  of  this 
city  and  over  1000  books  have  been  moved  to 
the  rooms  of  the  club  on  Fore  street. 

Shelburne  Falls,  Mass.  The  contract  for  the 
construction  of  the  Pratt  Memorial  library 
building  has  been  let  by  Francis  R.  Pratt  of 
Greenfield  to  Fellows  &  Duckworth  of  Law- 
rence. 

Swansea,  Mass.  In  commemoration  of  the 
birth  of  her  husband,  the  late  Frank  S.  Stev- 
ens, Mrs.  Elizabeth  R.  Stevens  has  given 
$1500  to  the  "Stevens  library  fund"  of  the 
Swansea  Public  Library.  The  fund  originally 
was  $2500,  established  under  an  endowment 
by  the  late  Mr.  Stevens.  In  1911  and  1912 


538 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


Mrs.  Stevens  contributed  $500  each  year,  and 
with  this  recent  gift  the  fund  totals  $5000. 

Warren,  Mass.  Work  has  begun  on  the 
Joseph  Patch  Library,  made  possible  by  the 
late  Mrs.  Sophie  B.  Eastman,  as  a  memorial 
to  her  grandfather,  Joseph  Patch. 

Wichita,  Kansas.  The  contract  has  been 
awarded  for  the  erection  of  a  new  $55,000  Car- 
negie library  building. 


ADAMS,  Mr.  Edward  B.,  who  has  been  libra- 
rian of  the  Social  Law  Library  of  Boston  since 
1910,  now  becomes  librarian  of  the  Harvard 
University  Law  Library,  succeeding  John  H. 
Arnold,  who  has  resigned.  No  definite  ap- 
pointment of  a  successor  to  Mr.  Adams  at  the 
Social  Law  Library  has  been  made  as  yet.  but 
the  assistant  librarian,  Edward  H.  Redstone, 
has  been  placed  in  charge  until  a  permanent 
librarian  is  selected. 

BORDEN,  W.  A.,  has  returned  to  America 
after  his  three  years'  library  service  in  or- 
ganizing at  Baroda,  India,  a  public  library 
system  on  American  lines,  and  is  for  the 
time  living  at  Westport,  Ct.  Mr.  Borden 
was  an  associate  and  pupil  of  C.  A.  Cutter 
at  the  Boston  Athenaeum,  and  thereafter  did 
much  library  organization  work  in  Rochester 
and  New  Haven,  whence  he  went  to  India  at 
the  invitation  of  the  Maharaja  of  the  state 
of  Baroda. 

BOYNTON,  Mrs.  H.  M.,  for  many  years  li- 
brarian of  the  Susquehanna,  Pa.,  Public  Li- 
brary, has  resigned  because  of  ill  health,  and 
Ruth  S.  Peck  has  taken  her  place. 

DAVIS,  Mary  H.,  N.  Y.  State  Library  School, 
'09,  has  been  appointed  librarian  of  the  Public 
Library  at  Owensboro,  Ky.,  and  will  begin  her 
work  there  July  12. 

DRYDEN,  Minta  I.,  for  the  past  forty  years 
connected  with  the  Dayton  (Ohio)  City  Li- 
brary, died  on  July  29,  at  the  home  of  her 
nephew,  Charles  Dryden,  2018  East  May 
street.  Her  death  was  the  direct  result  of 
exposure  suffered  during  the  flood.  Miss 
Dryden  was  in  charge  of  the  library  from 
1874  until  1896,  when  she  was  succeeded  by 
Miss  Electra  Doren  and  placed  in  charge  of 
the  accounting  of  the  institution.  She  was 
very  faithful  in  the  discharge  of  her  duties 
and  though  of  advanced  age  she  was  rarely 
absent  from  her  desk.  She  was  the  daughter 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Dryden,  pioneer  resi- 
dents of  Dayton,  being  the  youngest  of  a  fam- 
ily of  ten  children.  None  of  her  immediate 
family  survives. 

JUDD,  Gladys  A.,  has  been  appointed  libra- 
rian of  the  Hartford  (Conn.)  Bar  Library, 
succeeding  Hettie  Gray  Baker,  who  recently 
resigned. 

KRAEMER,  Irrna,  assistant  at  the  issue  desk 
of  the  Mercantile  Library,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  was 


married  on  July  28  to  Clarence  Edward 
Miller,  assistant  librarian  at  the  Mercantile 
Library. 

LARNED,  Josephus  Nelson.  As  we  go  to 
press  comes  the  news  of  the  death  of  Jo- 
sephus Nelson  Larned,  for  many  years  head 
of  the  Buffalo  Public  Library.  He  died  on 
August  15  at  his  home  in  Orchard  Park  at 
the  age  of  77  years.  He  had  been  in  poor 
health  for  months,  but  it  was  expected  that 
he  would  recover.  For  more  than  50  years 
Mr.  Larned  was  closely  associated  with  the 
library  profession,  being  one  of  the  few  sur- 
viving "1876  pioneers." 

LAUGENOUR,  Miss  Nan  C.,  has  received  an 
appointment  as  president  o£  the  Fifth  District 
of  the  California  Library  Association.  The 
district  over  which  Miss  Laugenour  will  have 
jurisdiction  includes  the  counties  of  Alpine, 
Amador,  Calaveras,  El  Dorado,  Inyo,  Mono, 
Nevada,  Placer,  Sacramento,  San  Joaquin  and 
Yolo. 

LEWIS,  Willard  P.,  has  been  appointed  to 
succeed  William  T.  Cook  as  librarian  of  the 
Albany  Y.  M.  C.  A. 

LICHTENSTEIN,  Dr.  Walter,  librarian  of 
Northwestern  University,  has  left  for  a  year's 
absence  in  South  America,  where  he  has  gone 
to  purchase  books  for  the  Harvard,  Yale, 
Northwestern  and  John  Crerar  libraries  and 
to  obtain  data  in  commercial,  educational  and 
political  lines  concerning  the  countries  he 
visits.  Dr.  Lichtenstein  will  visit  all  the  coun- 
tries of  South  America. 

MATTHEWS,  Jesse,  has  been  appointed  li- 
brarian of  Tome  Institute,  Port  Deposit,  Md., 
to  succeed  Etta  Matthews,  who  has  accepted 
a  similar  position  at  Northwestern  University. 

PHILLIPS,  Miss  Irene,  has  severed  her  con- 
nection with  the  Tarrytown  (N.  Y.)  Library 
to  take  charge  of  the  new  Carnegie  Library  at 
Nutley,  N.  J.  Miss  Thompson  of  Mendham, 
who  succeeds  her  at  Tarrytown,  assumed  her 
new  duties  on  Aug.  4. 

ROBINSON,  Miss  Julia,  of  Dubuque,  la.,  who 
has  been  supervising  librarian  for  the  state  insti- 
tutions under  the  state  board  of  control  for  the 
last  eighteen  months,  has  been  chosen  to  suc- 
ceed Miss  Alice  Tyler  as  secretaryof  the  Iowa 
Library  Commission.  The  work  will  not  be 
new  to  Miss  Robinson,  as  she  has  held  similar 
positions  in  two  other  states.  She  organized 
the  library  commission  for  the  state  of  Ken- 
tucky and  acted  as  secretary  for  nearly  two 
years  while  another  young  woman  took  train- 
ing for  the  position.  The  North  Dakota  State 
Library  Commission  also  enlisted  the  services 
of  Miss  Robinson  while  its  secretary  was  at 
training  school.  Miss  Robinson,  a  native  of 
Iowa,  was  born  and  reared  in  Dubuque.  She 
received  her  first  training  in  the  public  library 
at  that  place,  and  was  afterward  graduated 
from  the  Library  School  of  the  University  of 
Wisconsin. 


September,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


539 


ROOD,  Emma,  from  the  Omaha  Public  Li- 
brary, has  been  made  librarian  of  the  Andrew 
Carnegie  Free  Library,  Carnegie,  Pa. 

SMITH,  Irene,  has  been  appointed  librarian 
of  the  Cambridge  City,  Ind.,  Public  Library, 
and  will  assume  her  duties  September  i. 

SPERRY,  Professor  Earl  E.,  of  the  department 
of  history  at  Syracuse  University,  has  been 
appointed  Librarian  and  Director  of  the  Library 
School  in  that  institution. 

SWEENEY,  John,  assistant  librarian  at  In- 
diana University,  was  drowned  August  10 
while  bathing  in  White  River  near  Bloomfield, 
Indiana. 

TYLER,  Alice  S.,  has  resigned  as  secretary 
of  the  Iowa  State  Library  Commission,  to  be- 
come director  of  the  Western  Reserve  Univer- 
sity Library  School. 

WAGNER,  Mrs.  Harriet,  librarian  of  the 
WTyalusing,  Pa.,  Free  Public  Library,  has 
moved  to  Binghamton,  N.  Y.,  and  Ernestine 
Fuller  has  taken  her  place  in  the  library. 

WILCOX,  Mrs.  W.  W.,  has  resigned  as  libra- 
rian of  the  Farmers'  Library  Association  at 
Spencerport,  N.  Y. 


anfc  Bequests 


Bayonne,  N.  /.  Andrew  Carnegie  has  do- 
nated $25,000  for  the  construction  of  an  addi- 
tion to  the  Bayonne  Public  Library,  which 
he  endowed. 

The  Bobet  Library,  of  Loyola  University, 
has  recently  received  from  Mrs.  Branch  K. 
Miller  the  entire  law  library  of  her  distin- 
guished husband.  The  collection  includes  1800 
law  books,  and  is  approximately  valued  at 
$8000.  Within  the  past  year  Mr.  C.  W.  Staub 
gave  a  splendid  collection  of  1000  historical 
and  literary  volumes  ;  Dr.  William  H.  Brickell 
donated  his  splendid  collection  of  medical 
works,  and  the  Misses  Janvier,  sisters  of 
Charles  Janvier,  gave  the  law  library  of  their 
deceased  father  ;  Miss  Elizabeth  O'Donnell  gave 
a  donation,  and  other  friends  of  Loyola  have 
given  smaller  contributions. 

Chester,  Pa.  Crozcr  Theological  Seminary. 
Professor  Henry  C.  Vedder  has  made  the  se- 
vere loss  through  the  burning  of  his  home  a 
few  months  ago  an  occasion  for  exceptional 
gain  to  the  seminary  library  by  the  gift  of 
more  than  850  volumes.  The  collection,  in 
addition  to  being  rich  in  church  history,  is 
highly  valuable  in  other  fields. 

Fogelsville,  Pa.  Dr.  Madison  C.  Peters,  the 
well-known  lecturer  and  pulpit  orator,  has 
given  128  volumes  to  the  Free  Library  of  his 
native  village. 

Johnstown  (N.  7.)  P.  L.  The  library  has 
received  from  Mrs.  Caroline  M.  Evans,  Rich- 
ard M.  Evans  and  James  M.  Evans  a  gift  of 
$1000,  to  be  known  as  "The  Carolyn  Lois 
Evans  Memorial  Fund."  The  income  from 


this   fund  is  to  be  used  solely   for  the  pur- 
chase of  books. 

Little  Rock  (Ark.)  P.  L.  The  Public  Li- 
brary soon  will  receive  the  most  valuable 
donation  it  ever  has  received,  second  only  to 
that  made  by  Andrew  Carnegie,  its  founder, 
being  almost  the  entire  collection  of  the 
books  in  the  library  of  the  late  Judge  U.  M. 
Rose,  several  thousand  in  number.  The  gift 
is  made  by  the  relatives  and  heirs  of  the  late 
jurist. 

The  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology 
reports  that  besides  the  endowment,  gifts  and 
promises  amounting  to  more  than  $200,000  have 
been  secured,  including  the  Dering  electrical 
library  of  30,000  volumes.  An  additional  money 
gift  of  $50,000  has  been  presented  by  the  Amer- 
ican Telephone  &  Telegraph  Company,  through 
its  president,  Theodore  N.  Vail,  to  be  expended 
at  the  rate  of  $10,000  a  year.  President  Vail 
is  a  strong  exponent  of  commercial  research, 
and  it  was  through  his  interest  that  the  insti- 
tute was  presented  the  Dering  library  and  an 
annuity  of  $5000  to  care  for  it.  The  amalga- 
mation of  the  Dering  and  M.  I.  T.  libraries 
will  constitute  one  of  the  largest  electrical  en- 
gineering libraries  in  the  country. 

New  York  City.  Thomas  Allibone  Janvier, 
of  222  Central  Park  South,  the  author  and 
collector  of  rare  manuscripts,  who  died  on 
June  18,  directed  in  his  will,  which  was  filed 
July  15,  that  upon  the  death  of  his  wife  all  his 
manuscripts  and  books  in  Spanish  and  French 
and  those  dealing  with  West  Indian  folk-lore 
should  be  given  to  the  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary. The  only  condition  which  he  imposed 
upon  this  gift,  which  is  considered  of  great 
value,  was  that  each  book  should  be  stamped 
on  the  inside  with  "Bequest  of  Thomas  Alli- 
bone Janvier  and  Catherine  Janvier,  his  wife," 
and  that  none  should  be  sold  or  sent  out  of 
the  city. 

North  Anson  (Me.)  Foster  P.  L.  The  li- 
brary has  received  from  Hon.  D.  D.  Stewart, 
of  St.  Albans,  a  check  of  fifteen  hundred 
dollars,  which  has  made  it  possible  for  the 
association  to  purchase  the  Carrabassett  office 
on  Elm  street  for  a  library  building.  The 
transfer  has  been  effected,  and  as  soon  as 
necessary  furnishings  are  procured  the  new 
library  will  be  open  to  the  public. 

Xlbcarp  "Reports 

Albion  (N.  Y.)  Swan  L.  Lillian  A. 
Achilles,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912-13.)  Acces- 
sions 514;  total  11,778.  Circulation  34,664. 

Allentown  (Pa.)  F.  P.  L.  Sarah  Virginia 
Lewis,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — 1912.)  Accessions  639;  to- 
tal 5010.  Registration  4716. 

The  demand  for  technical  and  industrial  aid 
is  increasing  more  rapidly  than  any  other. 
Local  industries  have  been  asked  to  put  in  the 
library  trade  journals,  etc.,  pertaining  to  their 


540 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


special  interest.  The  children's  work  is  most 
satisfactory  as  well  as  the  greatest  in  propor- 
tion to  the  library's  resources.  Through  gift 
and  purchase,  a  small  collection  of  German 
books  has  been  placed,  and  the  circulation  has 
amply  justified  the  establishment  of  the  de- 
partment. 

Two  gifts  of  money,  one  of  $200  and  the 
other  of  $50,  made  possible  the  purchase  of 
books  for  the  children's  room  and  the  refer- 
ence department.  The  library  has  been  the 
constant  recipient  of  books,  magazines  and 
smaller  sums  of  money.  The  press  of  the  city 
has  been  uniformly  courteous  and  generous  in 
the  support  of  the  library,  and  the  furthering 
of  its  interests,  and  much  of  the  success  the 
library  has  enjoyed  is  due  to  the  influence  ex- 
erted by  the  papers  in  its  behalf.  Copies  of 
the  daily  papers  have  been  furnished  free  of 
charge,  and  for  these  and  all  favors  the  library 
is  grateful. 

Duluth  (Minn.}  P.  L.  Frances  E.  Earhart, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  to  Jan.  i,  1913.)  Accessions 
5966;  total  60,421.  Circulation  201,392.  New 
registration  5574;  total  19,594.  Receipts  $22,- 
006.73 ;  expenditures  $21,339.82. 

Owing  to  a  lack  of  adequate  funds,  growth  at 
the  main  library,  especially  in  the  juvenile  de- 
partment, was  incommensurate  with  that  of  the 
branch  libraries.  The  plan  of  purchasing  and 
interchanging  foreign  books  among  the  libra- 
ries of  the  Iron  Range  and  Duluth  has  worked 
admirably,  though  difficulty  has  been  experi- 
enced in  finding  a  reliable  dealer  in  foreign 
books  in  this  country  who  can  fill  orders.  The 
development  of  the  reference  department  has 
been  especially  notable. 

Erie  (Pa.)  P.  L.  Jean  A.  Hard,  Ibn.  (Rpt. 
— yr.  ending  June,  '13.)  Total  volumes  50,135. 
Circulation  180,766.  Registration  14,343. 

The  reference  work  has  grown  in  quantity  and 
quality  during  the  past  year.  Much  time  has 
been  spent  by  the  reference  assistant  in  special 
research  work  in  connection  with  debates  and 
study  classes.  2800  books  were  placed  in  the 
schools  during  the  year  with  a  circulation  of 
8244,  but  lack  of  funds  and  lack  of  interest  on 
the  part  of  teachers  have  prevented  the  best 
possible  results.  Recently  a  few  of  the  Under- 
wood &  Underwood  stereoscope  travel  tours 
were  put  in  circulation.  During  the  year  gifts 
to  the  number  of  159  were  received. 

Galesburg  (III.)  F.  P.  L.  Anna  F.  Hoover, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  May  31,  '13.)  Acces- 
sions 1860;  total  42,874.  Reference  books  con- 
sulted 47,200.  Circulation  102,085.  New  regis- 
tration 1072;  renewals  518.  Receipts  $10,- 
672.08;  expenditures  $7869.83. 

The  most  pressing  need  is  a  larger  and  better 
equipped  reference  room.  A  fine  musical  li- 
brary was  received  from  Miss  Marian  Kendall, 
of  Chicago.  During  the  summer  the  D.  A.  R. 
conducted  a  successful  series  of  story-hours. 
In  February  a  new  sub-station  was  opened  in 
the  Silas  Willard  School. 


Granville  (N.  Y.)  P ember  L.  (Rpt.— yr. 
ending  June  30,  '13.)  Accessions  550;  total 
3969.  Circulation  28,616.  Registration  1789. 
Receipts  $467.57. 

Great  Falls  (Mont.)  P.  L.  Louise  M.  Fer- 
nald,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  A.  30,  '13.)  Ac- 
cessions 1821 ;  total  13,946-  Circulation  75,293. 
Registration  5340.  Expenditures  $7836.21. 

"A  small  library  with  a  goodly  circulation." 
The  most  important  innovation  was  the  course 
in  library  economy  given  to  high  school  seniors 
and  classes  in  history;  each  student  receiving 
two  lessons,  the  first,  classification  and  ar- 
rangement of  books  on  shelves,  the  second, 
cataloging,  the  parts  of  the  book,  binding,  etc. 
A  teachers'  shelf  has  been  started,  containing 
books  on  story  telling,  folk  dances,  etc.  Books 
are  loaned  to  any  one  in  the  county,  under  the 
regular  rules.  Every  book  discarded  by  the 
library  is  given  'to  people  living  on  ranches 
near  Great  Falls. 

Honeoye  Falls,  N.  Y.  Franc  Lotee,  Ibn. 
(Rpt. — yr.  1912-13.)  Accessions  1000.  Circu- 
lation 7300.  Registration  483.  Receipts 
$1462.60;  expenditures  $1104.86. 

The  report  for  this,  the  first  year's  existence 
of  the  library,  is  most  encouraging. 

Jamestown  (N.  Y.)  James  Prendergast  L. 
Lucia  Tiffany  Henderson,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  end- 
ing May  31,  1913.)  Total  22,987.  Circulation 
80,824.  New  registration  1751 ;  total  9003. 

Johnstown  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  Katherine  Sea- 
man, Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912-13.)  Accessions 
697;  total  13,902.  Circulation  34,982.  Re- 
ceipts $2737.68;  expenditures  $2175.97. 

Lockhaven  (Pa.)  Annie  Halenbake  Ross  L. 
Florence  Hulings,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  to  May  i, 
1913.)  Accessions  825 ;  total  6539.  Circulation 
29,281.  New  registration  412;  total  2605. 

An  analysis  of  the  circulation  showed,  among 
other  things,  an  enormous  increase  in  the  de- 
mand for  German  books,  reference  works  and 
books  on  sociology.  In  the  children's  depart- 
ment a  heavy  demand  in  travel  books  was  due 
to  the  popular  "Trip  around  the  world  with 
the  library,"  which  was  instituted  in  April. 
The  "story  hours,"  held  every  Saturday  morn- 
ing from  November  to  April,  were  well  at- 
tended. 

Marinette  (Wis.)  Stephenson  P.  L.  Ada  J. 
McCarthy,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  June  30, 
'13.)  Accessions  1310;  total  13,520.  Circula- 
tion 54,923.  New  registration  802;  total  4513- 
Receipts  $4785.37 ;  expenditures  $4763.66. 

A  station  which  promises  great  success  has 
just  been  opened  at  the  knitting  factory  for 
the  use  of  the  employees  during  the  noon  hour, 
although  the  books  may  be  taken  home. 

Moravia  (N.  Y.)  Powers  L.  Mrs.  S.  A.  C. 
Butler,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912-13.)  Circulation 
12,614.  New  registration  112;  total  1755. 
4478  persons  have  visited  the  library  for  read- 
ing and  reference. 


September,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


541 


Northampton  (Mass.)  Forbes  L.  Jos.  L. 
Harrison,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — 1911-12.)  Accessions 
3709;  total  119,703.  Circulation  76,748.  New 
registration  219;  total  6155. 

The  archives  of  the  library  have  been 
strengthened  by  the  addition  of  four  large 
quarto  volumes.  The  music  and  art  depart- 
ments have  both  been  substantially  increased, 
the  total  items  now  numbering  10,281  and  100, 
356,  respectively.  In  September,  1912,  the  trus- 
tees gave  evidence  of  their  active  interest  in 
cooperating  in  the  work  of  the  public  schools 
by  purchasing  a  graphophone  and  disks  for 
the  use  of  the  supervisor  of  music  in  connec- 
tion with  his  regular  class  instruction.  The 
chief  needs  are  new  stacks  to  accommodate  the 
books,  which  have  long  since  overflowed  the 
present  wooden  shelves,  and  larger  provision 
for  administration. 

Oneonta  (N.  F.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912-13.) 
Accessions  750;  total  12,146.  Circulation  29,- 
379-  Receipts  $2325.30;  expenditures  $1924.99. 

Ossining  (N.  F.)  P.  L.  Margaret  Acker, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  June  30,  '13.)  Acces- 
sions 858;  total  7723.  Circulation  46,208.  New 
registration  579 ;  total  4637.  Receipts  $3760.36 ; 
expenditures  $3084.14. 

It  is  expected  that  the  new  Carnegie  library 
building  will  be  ready  for  occupancy  in  the 
fall. 

Oyster  Bay  (N.  F.)  F.  L.  Louise  Denton, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912-13.)  Accessions  353; 
total  6519.  Circulation  9871.  Registration 
862.  Expenditures  $1378.90. 

Pater  son  (N.  /.)  Danforth  L.  G.  F.  Win- 
chester, Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions 
6340;  total  54,087.  Circulation  238,706.  New 
registration  8566;  total  22,284.  Expenditures 
$29,900. 

The  number  of  books  now  in  the  main  library 
and  branches,  after  allowing  for  books  worn 
out,  lost,  etc.,  is:  Main  library,  42,522;  Grand 
street  branch,  3865;  Totowa  branch  3671;  Riv- 
erside branch  3106;  Deposit  station,  no.  I, 
580;  Deposit  station,  no.  2,  343.  Total  54,087. 
The  cataloging  and  reference  departments 
have  practically  been  united  for  a  number  of 
years,  considerably  to  the  detriment  of  each 
and  particularly  to  the  disadvantage  of  the 
reference  department.  The  children's  depart- 
ment has  had  a  busy  year  and,  in  spite  of  the 
fact  that  very  few  books  have  been  added,  the 
circulation  has  been,  with  one  exception,  the 
largest  in  its  history.  The  total  circulation 
from  this  department  was  51,164,  an  increase 
of  10,858  over  that  of  the  year  before.  The 
Riverside  branch  was  opened  for  registration 
and  issue  of  cards  on  May  26,  and  for  the 
issue  of  books  on  May  31.  In  this  short  time 
1687  persons  registered,  a  large  majority  being 
school  children.  In  this  matter  the  library 
has  profited  by  the  valued  cooperation  of  the 
principals  of  public  schools  nos.  10,  18  and  22, 
Messrs.  Sargeant,  Weintrobe  and  Van  Auken. 
The  books  circulated  during  this  first  month  of 
the  branch  number  6500. 


Philadelphia  (Pa.)  Apprentices'  Library 
Company.  E.  M.  Bache,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  end- 
ing March  31,  '13.)  Accessions  1602.  Circu- 
lation 123,203.  Receipts  $12,435.31 ;  expendi- 
tures $11,940.72. 

Richmond  (Fa.)  Virginia  State  L.  H.  R. 
Mcllwaine,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  to  Oct.  31,  1912.) 
Accessions  4865;  total  91,882.  Receipts  (ex- 
clusive of  legislative  appropriations)  $7455.05; 
expenditures  $6795,68. 

The  cataloging  of  the  library  was  contin- 
uous throughout  the  year,  and  the  results  ob- 
tained satisfactory.  The  number 'of  traveling 
library  collections  is  now  232:  138  school,  87 
general,  and  7  special  libraries.  In  addition  to 
the  accession  of  valuable  books  and  pamphlets 
there  were  a  considerable  number  of  manu- 
scripts, portraits,  prints,  photographs  and  maps. 
The  reference  department  shows  a  very  grati- 
fying increase  in  usefulness. 

Rochester  (N.  F.)  Reynolds  L  Anne  R. 
Collins,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912-13.)  Accessions 
2613;  total  73,187. 

The  attendance  at  the  library  in  Spring 
street  was  54,951,  and  at  the  reading  room  in 
the  Reynolds  Arcade  56,509.  The  Rochester 
Association  of  Workers  for  the  Blind  has 
turned  over  the  books  it  has  collected  for  cir- 
culation among  the  blind  of  the  city  to  Rey- 
nolds Library. 

Rockford  (III.)  P.  L.  Jane  P.  Hubbell,  Ibn. 
(Rpt. — yr.  ending  May  31,  '13.)  Accessions 
2883;  total  58,529.  Circulation  166,544.  New 
registration  3355;  total  10,718. 

One  of  the  most  important  events  of  the 
year  was  the  opening  of  the  library's  first  de- 
posit station  at  Montague  House  in  South 
Rockford.  The  exhibit  room  has  been  used 
during  the  year  for  several  interesting  meetings 
and  exhibitions,  notably  those  of  the  Arts  and 
Crafts  Society  and  the  Women's  Club.  A 
closer  and  more  personal  cooperation  with  the 
schools  and  teachers  is  needed  to  develop  the 
children's  department  to  its  fullest  extent. 

San  Francisco  (Cat.)  Law  L.  James  H. 
Deering,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912-13.)  Acces- 
sions 3070;  total  29,220.  Receipts  $16,162; 
expenditures  $15,063. 

Sedalia  (Mo.)  P.  L.  Frances  Fordice,  Ibn. 
(Rpt. — yr.  ending  Apr.  30,  '13.)  Accessions 
1265;  total  15,814.  Circulation  61,370.  New 
registration  1356 ;  total  4442.  Receipts  $6612.44 ; 
expenditures  $5339-85- 

"The  demand  for  German  books  was  so 
great  that  it  was  necessary  to  supplement  our 
meager  list  with  a  supply  from  the  Missouri 
Library  Commission,  and  their  use  shows  that 
the  German  collection  should  be  systematically 
increased.  Successful  effort  has  been  made  to 
keep  people  informed  about  the  contents  of 
the  library  .  Many  more  magazines  have  been 
clipped  this  year  and  great  boxes  of  articles 
have  been  classified,  some  mounted  on  manila 
sheets,  others  placed  in  large  manila  envelopes, 


542 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


but  all  filed  in  classification  order  in  boxes  pre- 
pared for  them.  The  picture  and  clippings 
collections  are  becoming  so  large  that  consid- 
eration is  given  them  in  book  purchasing. 
Often  it  is  possible  and  wise  to  wait  for  a 
book  and  to  depend  on  the  clippings  and  pic- 
tures." 

Sodus  (N.  F.)  P.  L.  Accessions  344;  to- 
tal 1494.  Circulation  10,659.  Receipts  $625.15- 
expenditures  $430.02. 

South  Pasadena  (Cal.}  P.  L.  Mrs.  Nellie 
Keith,  librarian.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  ending  June  30, 
'13.)  Accessions  1269;  total  10,269.  Circulation 
43,501.  Receipts  $4375-30;  expenses  $4244.08. 

Waterbury  (Conn.}  Bronson  L.  Helen 
Sperry,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.  ending  Dec.  31,  1912.) 
Accessions  5474;  total  88,692.  Circulation 
228,354.  Receipts  $30,832.78;  expenditures 
$24,626.53. 

The  library  has  a  good  and  growing  collec- 
tion of  books  and  pamphlets  relating  to  muni- 
cipal affairs,  of  which  an  annotated  list  has 
been  sent  to  the  principal  city  officials  ;  also 
a  notable  collection  of  local  history  and  geneal- 
ogy. In  natural  history  it  is  not  excelled  by 
any  library  of  its  size  in  the  state.  The  refer- 
ence department  is  extending  its  influence  to 
neighboring  towns.  During  the  year  2463  ques- 
tions were  referred  to  this  department. 

Westminster  (Vt.}  P.  L.  Assoc.  By  the 
terms  of  his  will,  Edwin  A.  Wilcox,  long  a 
resident  of  Boston,  leaves  to  the  Public  Li- 
brary Association  of  Westminster,  Vt.,  two 
funds  of  $500  each,  the  income  of  which  is  to 
be  devoted  to  prizes  to  the  best  and  second  best 
readers  and  spellers,  the  awards  to  be  made 
by  a  committee  of  three,  one  of  whom  is  to  be 
a  woman,  the  committee  to  be  appointed  by  the 
superintendent  of  schools  and  the  teachers. 

Woodland  (Cal.)  Yolo  County  L.  Stella 
Huntington,  Ibn.  (Rpt.  —  yr.'  1912-13.)  Total 
volumes  9780.  Circulation  45,008. 

There  are  36  library  stations  in  various 
parts  of  Yolo  county,  15  of  these  being  regu- 
lar stations  and  21  school  stations.  To  the 
latter  were  sent  3267  books  during  the  year 
1912-1913  in  329  different  shipments. 


AFRICAN  LANGUAGE.  Pettman,  Rev.  C,  com{>. 
Af  ricanderisms  ;  a  glossary  of  South  Afri- 
can colloquial  words  and  phrases  and  of 
places  and  other  names.  N.  Y.,  Longmans. 
I8+579  p.  (10  p.  bibl.)  O.  $3.50  n. 

AMOS.  McFadyen,  J.  Edg.  A  cry  for  jus- 
tice; a  study  in  Amos.  N.  Y.,  Scribner,  '12. 
164  p.  (8  p.  bibl.)  map,  12°,  (Short  course 
ser.)  60  c.  n. 

ANCIENT  HISTORY.  Webster,  Hutton.  An- 
cient history.  Bost,  Heath,  c.  various  p. 
(8  p.  bibl.)  il.  pis.  maps  (2  double),  8°, 

$1.50. 


ANTIQUARIAN  LITERATURE.  Maggs  Bros.,  Lon- 
don. Old  time  literature.  Pt.  i  (A  to  L), 
English  and  foreign  authors  prior  to  1800, 
incunabula,  15th  and  i6th  century  books  with 
woodcuts,  illuminated  mss.,  etc.  12°,  pap. 
No.  311;  975  titles. 

ANTWERP.  Hoofdbibliotheek  der  stad  Ant- 
werpen;  systematische  Kjst  der  Aanwinsten 
gedurende  het  jaar  1912. 

ARCHITECTURE.  Kretzmann,  Paul  E.  Short  in- 
troduction to  church  architecture  and  eccle- 
siastical art,  especially  from  the  standpoint 
of  the  Lutheran  church.  St.  Louis,  Concor- 
dia  Pub.  Ho.  32  p.  (3  p.  bibl.)  8°,  pap.,  30  c. 

BARKER,  GRANVILLE.    Reading  list  on  Granville 
Barker.    Bulletin  of  Bibliography,  July,  1913, 
.  pp.  130-132.    Bost,  Boston  Bk.  Co.  Bulletin. 
8°,  pap. 

BELL  FAMILY.  Bell  (The)  family  in  America ; 
being  an  account  of  the  founders  and  first 
colonial  families,  an  official  list  of  the  heads 
of  families  of  the  name  resident  in  the 
United  States  in  1790  and  a  bibliography.  N. 
Y.,  W.  M.  Clemens,  45-49  William  St.  c. 
45  P-  (3  P-  bibl.)  D.  pap.,  $i. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY.  Bibliographical  Society  of 
America.  Bulletin,  July-Oct.,  1912,  pp.  51- 
58.  A  list  of  current  American  bibliograph- 
ical publications.  Bibl.  Soc.  of  America 
Bulletin.  8°,  pap. 

Oritz,  Delia  G.    Course  in  reference  work 

and  some  bibliographies  of  special  interest  to 
teachers.  State  Normal  School,  Milwaukee, 
Wis.  12°,  pap.,  38  pp. 

A.  L.  A.  Booklist ;  a  guide  to  the  best  new 

books,  vol.  9,  nos.  9,  10.  A.  L.  A.  Pub. 
Board,  Chicago. 

Bollettino  delle  Pubblicazione  Italiane. 

Presso  la  Biblioteca  Nazionale  Centrale  di 
Firenze.  12°,  pap.  (No.  150;  927  titles. 
Supplements,  259  titles.) 

Carnegie  Library  of  Pittsburgh.  Classi- 
fied catalogue  of  the  Carnegie  Library  of 
Pittsburgh.  Pt.  3,  Natural  science  and  use- 
ful arts.  [The  library.]  8°,  pap.,  60  c. ; 
postpaid,  75  c. 

Eastwood,   Mary  E.,   comp.     Best  books 

of  1912.  University  of  the  State  of  New 
York  Bulletin.  63  p.  8°,  pap. 

Hampstead  Public  Libraries.  Readers' 

guide  and  educational  directory,  July.  148  p. 
pap. 

J.  Terquem  &  Co.,  Paris.  La  bibliog- 
raphic mensuelle  revue  des  livres  nouveaux. 
pap.,  no.  7;  27  p. 

BOTANY.  Arber,  Agnes  Robertson  [Mrs.  E.  A. 
Newell  Arber].  Herbals,  their  origin  and 
evolution;  a  chapter  in  the  history  of  bot- 
any, 1470-1670.  [N.  Y.,  Putnam.]  '12.  18+ 
253  p.  (5  P-  bibl.)  il.  pis.  pors.  8°,  $3.25  n. 


September,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


543 


BRITISH  MUSEUM.  Catalogue  of  the  Library 
of  the  British  Museum  (Natural  History), 
vol.  4,  P-Sn.  461  p. 

CHANSON  D'AVENTURE.  Sandison,  Helen  Es- 
tabrook.  The  "chanson  d'aventure"  in  Mid- 
dle English.  Bryn  Mawr,  Pa.,  Bryn  Mawr 
Coll.  c.  12-1-152  p.  (5  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (Mono- 
graph ser.)  $i. 

CHASTITY.  Main,  J.  Religious  chastity;  an 
ethnological  study.  N.  Y.,  Macaulay  Co. 
12+365  P-  (20  p.  bibl.)  8°. 

CHINA.  Pott,  F.  Lister  Hawks.  The  emer- 
gency in  China.  N.  Y.,  Miss.  Educ.  Move- 
ment U.  S.  and  Canada,  c.  12+309  p.  (4  p. 
bibl.)  il.  pis.  pors.  fold,  map,  fold,  tab.,  8°, 
(Forward  mission  study  courses.)  50  c. 

CHURCH.  Rosenthal,  Ludwig.  Bibliotheca 
Liturgica  Pars  II.  Munich.  12°,  pap.,  (No. 
150;  3592  titles.) 

Trawick,  Arcadius  McSwain.  The  city 

church  and  its  social  mission;  a  series  of 
studies  in  the  social  extension  of  the  city 
church.  N.  Y.,  Assn.  Press,  c.  8+166  p. 
(4  p.  bibl.)  D.  60  c. 

Womer,   Rev.    Parley  Paul.     The  church 

and  the  labor  conflict.  N.  Y.,  Macmillan. 
c.  10+302  p.  (10  p.  bibl.)  D.  $1.50  n. 

CIVIL  WAR.  Ryan,  Dan.  Jos.  The  Civil  War 
literature  of  Ohio;  a  bibliography  with  ex- 
planatory and  historical  notes.  Cin.,  Stew- 
art &  Kidd.  518  p.  8°,  $6  n.;  hf.  mor., 
$10  n. 

CONCRETE  CONSTRUCTION.  Cochran,  Jerome.  A 
treatise  on  the  inspection  of  concrete  con- 
struction ;  containing  practical  hints  for  con- 
crete inspectors,  superintendents,  and  others 
engaged  in  the  construction  of  public  and 
private  works.  Chic.,  M.  C.  Clark  Pub.  c. 
15+595  P-  (3  P-  bibl.)  il.  8°,  $4. 

DEMOCRACY.  Cleyeland,  F.  Alb.  Organized 
democracy;  an  introduction  to  the  study  of 
American  politics.  N.  Y.,  Longmans,  c. 
36+479  p.  (i$y2  p.  bibl.)  D.  (American 
citizen  ser.)  $2.50  n. 

DIDEROT.  Cru,  R.  Loyalty.  Diderot  as  a  dis- 
ciple of  English  thought.  N.  Y.,  [Lemcke 
&  B.]  c.  13+498  p.  (5  P.  bibl.)  D.  (Colum- 
bia Univ.  studies  in  Romance  philology  and 
literature.)  $2  n. 

DRAMA.  Rondel,  Auguste.  La  bibliographic 
dramatique  et  les  collections  du  theatre, 
Lille,  Lefebvre-Ducrocq.  13  p.  4°. 

DRUM  MONO,  W.  The  poetlical  works  of  Wil- 
liam Drummond  of  Hawthornden ;  with  "A 
cypresse  grove ;"  ed.  by  L.  E.  Kastner.  2  v. 
[N.  Y.,  Longmans.]  109+254,  18+434  P- 
(52  p.  bibl.)  pors.  facsims.  O.  (Univ.  of 
Manchester  pubs.,  English  ser.)  $6.75  n. 

EDUCATION.  Bibliography  of  industrial,  voca- 
tional, and  trade  education.  United  States 
Bureau  of  Education  Bulletin,  Washington. 
8°,  pap.  No.  532;  885  titles. 


EDUCATION.  Johnston,  C.  Hughes,  ed.  High 
school  education ;  professional  treatments  of 
the  administrative,  supervisory,  and  specific- 
ally pedagogical  functions  of  secondary  ed- 
ucation ;  with  special  reference  to  American 
conditions.  N.  Y.,  Scribner,  '12.  c.  22+ 
555  P-  (60  p.  bibl.)  diagrs.,  12°,  $1.50  n. 

Todd,  Arth.  Ja.  The  primitive  family  as 

an  educational  agency.  N.  Y.,  Putnam,  c. 
9+251  p.  (n  p.  bibl.)  O.  $1.75  n. 

EFFICIENCY.  -Select  list  of  references  on  scien- 
tific management  and  efficiency.  Special  Li- 
braries, May,  pp.  72-108.  8°,  pap. 

ELECTION  OF  U.  S.  SENATORS.  Fanning,  Clara 
Eliz.,  comp.  Selected  articles  on  the  election 
of  United  States  senators.  2d  and  rev.  ed. 
Minneapolis,  H.  W.  Wilson  Co.  26+116  p. 
(up.  bibl.)  12°,  (Debaters'  handbook  ser.) 
$i  n. 

ELECTRIC  WELDING.  Gamble,  William  Burt, 
comp.  List  of  works  relating  to  electric 
welding.  New  York  Public  Library.  23  p. 
8°,  pap. 

ENGINEERING.  D'Este,  Julian,  Company.  The 
D'Este  steam  engineers'  manual;  with  elec- 
trical appendix,  by  C.  Penrose.  2d  ed. 
Bost,  J.  D'Este  Co.  c.  various  p.  (3  p. 
bibl.)  il.  fold.  pi.  tabs.,  diagrs.,  12°,  $2. 

FICTION.  Baker,  Ernest  A.  A  guide  to  the 
best  fiction  in  English.  New  ed.,  enl.  and 
thoroughly  revised.  N.  Y.,  Macmillan.  12+ 
813  p.  8°,  $6  n. 

GERMANS  IN  TEXAS.  Tiling,  Moritz  Philipp 
Georg.  History  of  the  German  element  in 
Texas  from  1820-1850,  and  historical  sketches 
of  the  German  Texas  Singers'  League  and 
Houston  Turnverein  from  1853-1913.  Hous- 
ton, Tex.,  [The  author.]  8+225  p.  (3  p. 
bibl.)  por.  8°,  $1.50. 

HORTICULTURE.  Tolman,  Lucius  Moody,  and 
Mitchell,  Lloyd  C.  The  composition  of  dif- 
ferent varieties  of  red  peppers.  Wash.,  D. 
C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  32  p.  (3  p.  bibl.)  tabs.,  8°, 
(U.  S.,  Dept.  of  Agriculture,  Bu.  of  Chem- 
istry, bull.)  pap. 

Triggs,  H.  Inigo.  Garden  craft  in  Eu- 
rope. N.  Y.,  Scribner.  11+332  p.  (10  p. 
bibl.)  il.  pis.  plans,  4°,  $15  n. 

INDIANS.  U.  S.  Dept.  of  the  Interior.  Office 
of  Indian  Affairs.  Books  for  Indian  school 
libraries.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  7+ 
33  P-  8°,  pap. 

ITALY.  King,  Bolton,  and  Okey,  T.  Italy  to- 
day. New  and  enl.  ed.  N.  Y.,  Scribner. 
12+414  p.  (7  p.  bibl.)  8°,  $2  n. 

LIBRARY  REPORTS.  Index  to  library  reports; 
comp.  by  Katharine  Twining  Moody.  Amer. 
Library  Assoc.  Pub.  Board,  Chicago.  185  p. 
12°. 

MAHLER,  GUSTAV.  Stefan.  Paul.  Gustav 
Mahler;  a  study  of  his  personality  and  work; 
tr.  from  the  German  by  T.  E.  Clark.  N.  Y., 
G.  Schirmer.  c.  8+132  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  8°,  $2n. 


544 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  1913 


NORTH  CAROLINA.  A  select  bibliography  of 
North  Carolina  by  Stephen  B.  Weeks.  16  p. 
North  Carolina  Library  Commission,  Ra- 
leigh, 1913.  24°,  pap. 

ORIENT.  Fitch,  G.  Hamlin.  The  critic  in  the 
Orient;  il.  from  photographs.  San  Fran- 
cisco, Elder,  c.  20+178  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  8°,  $2. 

ORIENTAL  LITERATURE  AND  ART.  Luzac  &  Co., 
London.  Bibliotheca  Orientalis ;  being  a  cat- 
alog of  Oriental  mss.,  with  a  few  reproduc- 
tions of  Mughal  paintings.  12°,  pap.  No. 
12;  401  titles.) 

PHILOSOPHY.  Fletcher,  Orlin  Ottman.  An  in- 
troduction to  philosophy.  N.  Y.,  Macmillan. 
c.  17-1-420  p.  (6  p.  bibl.)  12°,  $1.60  n. 

POLISH  LITERATURE.  Select  list  of  Polish 
books;  comp.  by  Mrs.  Jozefa  Kudlicka. 
Amer.  Library  Assoc.  Pub.  Board,  Chicago. 
15  p.  12°.  pap. 

RACE  PREJUDICE.  IQuillin,  Fk.  Uriah.  The 
color  line  Ohio;  a  history  of  race  prejudice 
in  a  typical  northern  state.  Ann  Arbor, 
Mich.,  G.  Wahr.  c.  9-16+178  p.  (4  p.  bibl.) 
maps,  8°,  (Univ.  of  Mich,  historical  stud- 
ies.) $1.50. 

ROMANCE  LANGUAGES.  Farnsworth,  W.  Oliver. 
Uncle  and  nephew  in  the  old  French  chan- 
sons de  geste;  a  study  in  the  survival  of 
matriarchy.  N.  Y.,  [Lemcke  &  B.]  c.  12+ 
267  p.  (16  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (Columbia  Univ.  stud- 
ies in  Romance  philology  and  literature.) 
$1.50. 

SCHOOLS.  Chamberlain,  Arth.  H.  The  growth 
of  responsibility  and  enlargement  of  power 
of  the  city  school  superintendent.  Berkeley, 
Cal.,  Univ.  of  Cal.  283-441  p.  (16  p.  bibl.) 
fold,  tab.,  4°,  (Pubs.:  Education.)  pap.,  $1.75. 

SOCIOLOGY.  McVey,  Fk.  Le  Rond.  The  mak- 
ing of  a  town.  Chic.,  McClurg.  c.  6+221  p. 
(5  p.  bibl.)  12°,  $i  n. 

Trawick,    Arcadius    McSwain.     The   city 

church  and  its  social  mission;  a  series  of 
studies  in  the  social  extension  of  the  city 
church.  N.  Y.,  Assn.  Press,  c.  8+166  p. 
(4  p.  bibl.)  12°,  60  c. 

SOUTH  AMERICAN  REPUBLICS.  Preliminary  list 
of  the  national  bibliographies  of  the  South 
American  republics.  Bulletin  of  Bibliogra- 
phy, July,  1913,  pp.  138-141.  Boston  Book 
Co.  Bulletin.  12°,  pap. 

SPEECH  DEFECTS.  Blumel,  C.  S.  Stammering 
and  cognate  defects  of  speech.  In  2  v.  N. 
Y.,  G.  E.  Stechert  &  Co.  c.  10+365;  391  p. 
(21  p.  bibl.)  12°,  $5  n. ;  ea.,  $3  n. 

TRAIN  CREW  LEGISLATION.  Selected  list  of  ref- 
erences on  train  crew  legislation.  Special 
Libraries,  June,  pp.  121-125.  Special  Libra- 
ries Association,  Indianapolis.  8°,  pap. 

WOMAN  SUFFRAGE.  Woman's  Suffrage  bib- 
liography. Budapest  Public  Library  Bulletin, 
June,  1913.  14  p.  24°,  pap. 


Communications 


Editor  Library  Journal: 

Now  that  the  1913  meeting  of  the  American 
Library  Association  is  a  thing  of  the  past, 
would  it  not  be  well  for  those  haying  charge 
of  the  arrangements  for  these  meetings  to  con- 
sider the  advisability  of  holding  all  future 
ones  in  a  city.  For  several  years  it  has  seemed 
to  me  that  the  plan  of  holding  these  meetings 
at  so-called  summer  resorts  was  a  mistake, 
and  no  matter  what  may  be  the  attractions  of 
an  Hotel  Verminous  or  an  Hightip  Inn,  the 
general  good  of  members  would  be  better 
served  by  holding  them  in  a  city  where  the 
hotel  accommodations  would  be  ample  and 
reasonable,  and  where  those  who  wish  might 
have  the  opportunity  to  study  actual  library 
conditions.  Academic  discussions  would  not 
be  at  all  interfered  with,  for  ample  room  could 
be  more  easily  obtained  in  a  city,  and  the  facil- 
ities better  than  are  furnished  by  the  parlors 
of  a  summer  hotel. 

Personally  I  favor  one  permanent  meeting 
place,  but  I  am  well  aware  that  I  am  advocat- 
ing something  which  will  not  be  favorably 
considered  by  a  majority  of  the  members  of 
the  Association.  If  one  city  was  selected  I 
should  favor  Boston,  as  furnishing  the  best 
facilities  for  the  examination  of  practical  li- 
brary work,  on  both  the  largest  and  smallest 
scale  of  any  place  in  the  country,  but  "the 
different  West"  might  object  to  holding  the 
meeting  each  year  at  Boston,  and  so  as  a 
compromise  it  might  alternate  with  Chicago. 

The  point  will  at  once  be  raised  that  the  at- 
tendance will  not  be  as  large  if  the  meetings 
are  held  in  cities.  This  might  be  considered 
desirable  by  some,  for  only  those  really  in- 
terested in  the  work  would  attend.  I  have 
never  been  able  to  see  any  particular  merit  in 
a  huge  meeting. 

If  future  meetings  are  held  in  cities  the  ad- 
vantages would  be  good  and  reasonable  accom- 
modations easily  obtained,  and  the  unpleasant 
features  which  have  occurred  at  several  meet- 
ings would  not  occur.  No  junketing  features, 
and  library  boards  impressed  that  the  meetings 
are  earnest  in  their  purpose.  The  attendance 
would  be  mainly  of  those  interested  in  the 
work.  JOHN  C.  SICKLEY, 

Adriance  Memorial  Library,  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y. 

Calen&at 

Sept.    9-1 1.  Mich.    L.     A.,     annual    meeting, 
Muskegon. 

22-27.     N.  Y.  S.  L.  A.,  annual  meeting, 

the  Sagamore,  Lake  George. 
Oct.  1-2   (?).  Vt.  L.  A.,  Woodstock. 

8-10   (?).  Minn.   L.  A.,  annual  meeting, 
State   University,    Minneapolis. 

o-io.  Keystone  State  L.  A.,  annual  meet- 
ing Erie,  Pa. 

22-24.     Mo.  and  Kan.  L.  A.,  St.  Joseph, 
Mo. 


A 


fit 


tjv!i!L«-"1'-^.l!il/ji, 


BRITISH     MUSEUM     LIBRARY— PLAN    OF    READING    ROOM 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


VOL.  38 


OCTOBER,    1913 


No.   10 


THE  death  of  Josephus  Nelson  Larned,  at 
the  ripe  age  of  seventy-seven,  removes  from 
the  library  profession  one  of  its  honored  elders- 
Although  he  did  not  come  into  library  work 
from  his  earlier  calling  as  a  journalist  until 
he  was  past  forty,  for  twenty  years  from  1877, 
the  year  after  the  new  library  movement  be- 
gan, until  1897,  he  served  Buffalo  as  chief 
librarian  in  a  system  which  developed  under 
his  charge  from  a  minor  semi-public  library 
into  one  of  the  foremost  public  library  systems 
in  cities  of  second  rank;  and  the  prominence 
which  he  earned  in  this  second  period  of  his 
life  was  recognized  by  his  election  to  the  presi- 
dency of  the  A.  L.  A.  in  1893-1894.  Mr.  Larned 
was  always  the  scholar,  and  even  during  his 
busy  librarianship  he  found  time  to  prepare 
his  important  and  voluminous  reference  work, 
"History  for  ready  reference,"  which  has  been 
one  of  the  most  important  tools  in  library  ser- 
vice ever  since.  After  the  score  of  years  as  li- 
brarian, he  retired  from  the  profession  for  scho- 
lastic work;  and  his  pen  has  been  prolific  in 
books  of  history,  bibliography  and  ethics.  His 
sterling  character  endeared  him  most  to  those 
who  knew  him  best,  and  in  his  relations  as  ex- 
ecutive in  the  great  library  system  he  did  all 
sorts  of  good  work.  Though  he  has  been  little 
known  to  the  younger  members  of  the  profes- 
sion who  have  come  into  its  ranks  within  the 
past  sixteen  years,  he  will  always  be  remem- 
bered with  respect  and  affection  by  those  who 
had  the  honor  and  pleasure  of  acquaintance 
with  him. 

ANOTHER  effort  is  to  be  made  to  secure  an 
adequate  library  representation  from  America 
at  the  Leipzig  exposition  by  an  A.  L.  A.  special 
committee,  appointed  at  the  instance  of  the  com- 
mittee on  international  relations,  of  which  Mr. 
Frank  P.  Hill  is  chairman.  While  the  strained 
feeling  among  the  peoples  of  Europe  seems  for 
the  present  to  prevent  successful  international 
gatherings  except  in  the  smaller  neutral  coun- 
tries, so  that  the  hope  of  an  international  con- 
ference of  librarians  at  Leipzig  next  year  has 
been  given  up,  there  is  no  reason  why  Amer- 
ican librarianship  should  not  be  adequately 
represented  in  the  exposition  and  a  representa- 
tive delegation  of  Americans  be  present  at  the 
national  meeting  of  German  librarians  in  June, 


to  which  they  are  cordially  invited.  Mr.  Hill's 
committee  is  now  sending  out  a  circular  of  in- 
quiry to  the  leading  libraries  asking  to  what 
extent  they  will  be  prepared  to  participate  in 
a  library  exhibit,  and  we  hope  that  the  replies 
may  be  sufficiently  general  and  favorable  to 
enable  the  committee  to  make  a  good  showing. 
German  librarians  seem  in  these  latter  days  to 
be  not  only  ready  to  agree  to  adopt  the  most 
modern  library  methods,  but,  as  Dr.  Schwenke's 
visit  proved,  to  appreciate  the  American  de- 
velopment in  this  direction.  There  is  perhaps 
no  field  in  which  American  cooperation  can 
just  now  be  more  helpful,  as  German  librarians 
are  paralleling  American  development  in  inter- 
library  loans  and  union  catalogs  and  the  in- 
crease of  facilities  to  scholars. 


AT  the  beginning  of  September  the  Library 
Association  of  Great  Britain  will  hold  its  an- 
nual conference  at  Oxford,  and  Mr.  Henry  R. 
Tedder,  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  L.  A. 
U.  K.  in  1877,  and  ever  since  a  close  friend  of 
many  American  librarians,  sends  a  special  re- 
quest that  American  librarians  will  by  their 
presence  in  considerable  numbers  help  to  make 
this  gathering  notable  in  its  extent  and  charac- 
ter. Those  American  librarians  who  are  planning 
a  European  visit  for  next  year  will  do  well  to 
plan  to  be  present  at  one  or  the  other  of  these 
meetings,  if  they  cannot  stretch  their  journey 
to  include  both. 

THE  publication  of  the  eighth  edition  of 
Mr.  Dewey's  decimal  classification,  and  the  fact 
that  a  number  of  subdivisions  of  the  D.  C. 
have  been  separately  worked  out  raise  anew 
the  important  question  of  standardization  vs. 
up-to-date  character.  For  instance,  there  has 
recently  been  worked  out  by  Mrs.  F.  H.  Ridg- 
way,  of  the  Berea  College  Library  of  Ken- 
tucky, a  special  classification  of  agriculture,  in 
which  the  compiler  has  had  the  help  of  a  num- 
ber of  high  agricultural  authorities.  It  has 
been  the  intention  of  Mr.  Dewey  to  work 
out  a  scheme  for  the  6305,  but  its  comple- 
tion and  publication  have  again  been  post- 
poned to  the  ninth  edition,  which  possibly 
may  be  published  within  the  present  year. 
Meantime  agricultural  libraries  have  multiplied 
with  the  growth  of  agricultural  colleges,  to  the 


546 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


braries  has  been  a  feature  of  the  recent  A.  L. 
A.  conferences.  For  those  libraries  which  had 
adopted  the  decimal  classification  a  special 
classification  minutely  subdivided  is  impera- 
tively necessary,  and  Mrs.  Ridgway  has 
done  good  service  in  providing  such  a  tabula- 
tion, which  is  printed  elsewhere.  Mr.  Dewey 
has  been  on  the  alert  to  adopt  new  suggestions 
for  subdivisions  under  such  subclassifications 
wherever  they  seemed  to  fit  in,  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  the  agricultural  subdivisions  al- 
luded to  may  serve  this  purpose.  If  it  does 
not,  and  there  is  to  be  something  better  in  the 
ninth  edition,  a  serious  dilemma  will  be  pre- 
sented within  the  D.  C.  itself ;  and  this  is  likely 
to  happen  in  other  fields.  Librarians  must  then 
choose  between  the  standard  subdivisions  and 
those  which  they  have  already  put  into  prac- 
tice, and  different  ones  will  solve  the  dilemma 
differently.  We  would  suggest  that  those  who 
have  need  to  make  more  minute  subdivisions 
of  the  D.  C.  in  any  department  should  com- 
municate first  with  Mr.  Dewey,  and  endeavor 
to  fit  in  their  plans  with  his.  There  must  nec- 
essarily be  no  little  independent  classification 
and  subdivision,  and  this  has  especially  been 
the  case  on  the  continent  of  Europe,  where 
the  Brussels  Institute  has  worked  out  a  very 
elaborate  scheme,  going  into  great  detail  in 
several  fields. 


IT  is  of  course  true  that  statistics  and  "effi- 
ciency" methods  may  be  pushed  too  far ;  and  it 
is  against  this  extreme  that  Miss  Hitchler  lifts 
up  her  voice  in  a  paper  elsewhere  printed.  Cer- 
tainly efficiency  should  not  disregard  the  hu- 
man factor,  for  this  would  ultimately  be  the 
most  inefficient  use  of  the  most  useful  of  ma- 
chines— to  say  nothing  of  higher  considera- 
tions. On  the  other  hand,  the  study  of  effi- 
ciency in  libraries  has  very  great  import- 
ance, and  first  of  all  such  study  should  be 
directed  to  health  conditions  in  the  staff,  the 
efficiency  of  the  human  mechanism  itself.  After 
this  comes  the  adaptation  of  the  individual 
worker  to  his  or  her  best  work,  or  vice  versa, 
the  adaptation  of  the  work  to  the  individual. 
A  statistical  report  of  results  is  peculiarly  diffi- 
cult where  the  human  factor  is  involved ;  never- 
theless, there  ought  to  be  some  methods  of 
report  which  can  at  least  make  comparison 
among  libraries  more  possible.  To  this  we 
hope  increasing  attention  will  be  given  in  the 
near  future. 


DURING  what  the  newspapers  sometimes  call 
the  "silly  season,"  of  hot  weather  vacancy,  the 
clever  "Librarian"  of  the  Boston  Transcript  has 
this  year  been  discussing  with  his  readers  "The 
worst  hundred  books,"  taking  title  and  text 
from  Mr.  Crothers'  essay  in  his  last  collected 
volume.  Neither  Mr.  Crothers  nor  Mr.  Pear- 
son is  using  the  phrase  in  Mr.  Anthony  Corn- 
stock's  sense,  for  that  would  be  only  a  fresh 
catalog  of  objectionable  literature  which  would 
serve  as  a  practical  guide  to  salaciously  minded 
readers.  Nor  are  they  making  an  index  ex- 
purgatorius  of  books  forbidden  by  any  school 
of  religion  or  ethics.  It  is  in  fact  difficult  to 
say  just  what  they  have  in  mind,  and  they 
admit  that  the  solution  or  definition  of  "worst 
books"  must  be  largely  a  matter  of  the  personal 
equation  of  the  reader.  The  number  is  legion 
of  books  that  are  not  worth  while,  of  those 
commonly  spoken  of  as  "trash"  or  "wash,"  and 
it  is  more  than  doubtful  whether  time  can  be 
usefully  given  to  discussing  them  when  the 
time  would  be  saved  by  simply  ignoring  them. 
Mr.  Crothers  himself  in  his  essay  gave  some 
pages  to  showing  that  such  a  book  which  he 
quoted  at  length  was  not  worth  quoting — and 
he  proved  his  case. 

A  NEW  feature  of  specialization  in  library 
training  is  developed  in  the  scheme  worked 
out  by  the  Wisconsin  Free  Library  Commis- 
sion in  connection  with  the  University  of  Wis- 
consin. This  is  a  twelve  months'  course  of  in- 
struction in  "Library  administration  and  public 
service,"  in  which  the  teaching  and  practice  re- 
sources of  the  commission  and  of  the  univers- 
ity will  be  happily  combined  with  the  purpose 
of  supplying  library  workers  specially  trained 
for  legislative  and  municipal  reference  work 
and  sociological  or  business  libraries.  The 
leading  thought  is  to  emphasize  knowledge  of 
the  subject  rather  than  library  technique,  yet 
to  furnish  sufficient  theoretical  knowledge  and 
practical  experience  of  standard  library  meth- 
ods to  give  good  equipment  for  the  best  service. 
It  is  pointed  out  in  the  announcement  of 
the  commission,  by  the  quotaeion  of  specific 
instances,  that  many  positions  at  good  sal- 
aries are  seeking  both  men  and  women  of 
the  right  quality  and  experience.  The 
scheme  is  most  interesting  and  promising, 
and  is  fresh  evidence  that  the  library  profes- 
sion, like  the  medical  and  legal  professions,  is 
already  achieving  that  degree  of  importance  of 
which  specialization  is  at  once  proof  and  result. 


October,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


547 


THE  BRITISH  MUSEUM  LIBRARY 
BY  THEODORE  W.  KOCH,  Librarian,  University    of  Michigan 

SECOND  PAPER:  ADMINISTRATION  AND   USE 


DEPARTMENTS 

ORIGINALLY  there  were  only  three  depart- 
ments of  the  British  Museum:  Printed  Books, 
Manuscripts,  and  Objects  of  Natural  History. 
The  first  two  classes  made  up  the  bulk  of  the 
collections.  There  were  few  antiquities  and 
they  occupied  but  little  space.  The  natural 
history  specimens  were  not  very  bulky  and  the 
books  and  manuscripts  took  up  three-fourths 
of  the  available  space  hi  Montague  House.  In 
place  of  the  three  original  departments  there 
are  now  at  Bloomsbury  nine,  as  follows : 

Director  and  principal  librarian's  office. 
This,  of  course,  is  purely  administrative,  but 
of  its  history  and  occupants  we  shall  have 
more  to  say  further  on. 

Printed  books.  This,  the  largest  department 
of  the  Museum,  is  the  one  that  concerns  us 
chiefly.  The  annual  increase  is  about  50,000 
volumes,  which  is  practically  the  size  of  the 
original  collection  of  Sir  Hans  Sloane.  While 
statistics  of  the  size  of  the  largest  libraries 
are  misleading,  and  certainly  are  unreliable 
for  purposes  of  comparison,  yet  it  may  safely 
be  said  that  the  British  Museum  contains  (in- 
clusive of  pamphlets)  between  3,500,000  and 
4,000,000  volumes.  The  total  amount  of  shelv- 
ing in  the  Printed  Book  Department  is  about 
46  miles. 

Manuscripts.  The  manuscript  department 
contains  nearly  60,000  volumes  besides  chart- 
ers, seals  and  papyri.  Housed  in  this  depart- 
ment are  the  manuscripts  collected  by  Sir 
Robert  Bruce  Cotton,  as  well  as  those  gathered 
by  Robert  Harley,  the  Earl  of  Oxford.  It  is 
especially  rich  in  papyri  and  illuminated  manu- 
scripts. A  number  of  precious  manuscripts 
came  to  the  Museum  from  the  Royal  Library, 
including  the  Codex  Alexandrinus.  In  recent 
years  there  have  been  added  the  Stowe  manu- 
scripts purchased  from  Lord  Ashburnham  and 
450  volumes  of  the  Duke  of  Newcastle's 
papers. 

Oriental  printed  books  and  manuscripts. 
Established  in  1892.  Many  books  entered  in 
the  General  Catalog  are  shelved  in  this  de- 
partment, as,  for  example,  the  various  editions 
of  Omar  Khayyam.  There  are  separately 


printed  catalogs  of  the  books  and  manuscripts 
in  Arabic,  Bengali,  Chinese,  Coptic,  Ethiopic, 
Hebrew,  Hindustani,  Japanese,  Persian,  Sans- 
krit, Syriac,  Turkish,  etc. 

Coins  and  medals.  Like  some  of  the  other 
departments,  this  had  its  origin  in  the  Cotton 
and  Sloane  collections.  It  is  now  arranged  in 
sections  devoted  to  Greek,  Roman,  medieval, 
modern  English  and  Oriental  specimens.  In 
1872,  £10,000  were  spent  on  the  finest  Greek  and 
Roman  specimens  of  the  Wigan  collection. 

Egyptian  and  Assyrian  antiquities.  The 
nucleus  came  from  the  material  acquired  at 
the  capture  of  Alexandria  in  1801.  The  Lay- 
ard,  Rawlinson  and  George  Smith  collections 
proved  valuable  acquisitions.  The  department 
is  rich  in  cuneiform  tablets. 

Greek  and  Roman  antiquities.  Contains 
rich  collections  of  inscriptions,  sculpture,  vases, 
bronzes,  coins  and  medals,  gold  ornaments 
and  engraved  gems,  terra  cottas,  and  miscel- 
laneous objects  illustrative  of  Greek  and 
Roman  life. 

British  and  medieval  antiquities  and  eth- 
nography. Dates  from  1866  and  in  it  are  in- 
cluded all  works  of  this  class  found  in  the 
British  Isles,  together  with  such  as  throw 
light  upon  life  of  the  middle  ages.  Many  valu- 
able additions  were  acquired  from  the  Christy 
and  Slade  collections.  ,  The  Waddesdon  Bequest 
Room  contains  artistic  treasures  from  the 
country  house  of  the  late  Baron  Ferdinand 
Rothschild,  a  trustee  of  the  Museum. 

Prints  and  Drawings.  This  is  one  of  the 
most  complete  collections  of  its  kind.  The 
material  is  arranged  in  schools  according  to 
different  styles  of  national  art,  and  includes 
many  original  drawings  of  the  old  masters, 
etchings  and  engravings  by  noted  artists.  A 
sub-department  of  oriental  prints  has  recently 
been  created. 

The  department  of  Natural  History,  which 
is  subdivided  into  the  departments  of  Botany, 
Geology,  Mineralogy,  Zoology  and  Ento- 
mology, is  housed  in  a  separate  group  of  build- 
ings in  Cromwell  Road,  South  Kensington, 
built  in  1880-83. 

Accessions    to    the    department    of    printed 


548 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


books  come  by  copyright,  by  purchase  and  by 
donation  or  bequest.  "The  amount  available 
for  purchase,  although  it  has  always  been 
inadequate,"  says  Mr.  R.  A.  Peddie  with  com- 
mendable pride,  "has  nevertheless  sufficed  for 
the  gathering  together  of  a  mighty  collection 
of  books  unequalled  anywhere  in  the  world. 
The  collection  of  each  country's  literature  on 
the  shelves  of  the  British  Museum  is  finer  and 
more  complete  than  is  to  be  found  anywhere 
else  outside  the  walls  of  its  own  national  li- 
brary." 

READING  ROOM 

The  use  of  the  Reading  Room  is  restricted 
to  the  purposes  of  research  and  reference. 
Application  for  admission  must  be  made  in 
writing,  and  the  applicant  must  specify  his 
profession  or  business,  residence,  and  the  par- 
ticular purpose  for  which  admission  is  sought. 
All  applications  must  be  accompanied  by  a 
written  recommendation  from  a  householder, 
given  on  personal  knowledge  of  the  applicant, 
certifying  that  he  or  she  will  make  proper  use 
of  the  Reading  Room.  No  persons  are  ad- 
mitted for  the  purpose  of  preparing  for  ex- 
amination, of  writing  prize  essays,  or  for  the 
purpose  of  consulting  current  directories. 
Tickets  are  usually  granted  for  six  months  at 
a  time,  are  not  transferable  and  are  subject 
to  withdrawal.  A  ticket  for  a  day  or  two  will 
be  issued  on  personal  application  at  the 
Director's  office.  No  person  under  twenty-one 
years  of  age  is  admissible  except  under  a 
special  order  from  the  Trustees. 

The  following  table  shows  the  growing  use 
made  of  the  Reading  Room  since  its  occupancy 
of  the  new  quarters  in  1858. 


Daily           Volumes  supplied 

Year 

Readers 

Average            to  Readers 

1858 

122,103 

424                      312,897 

1860 

127,763 

437                       392,571 

1865 

100,271 

349                       353,247 

1870 

98,971 

338                       460,305 

1875 

105,310 

360                       582,269 

1880 

133,842 

458                       802,135 

1885 

159,340 

526 

,103,121* 

1890 

197,823 

652 

,226,126 

1895 

194,924 

643 

,405,866 

1900 

198,566 

655 

,366,147 

i9<>5 

214,940 

711 

,599,562 

1910 

219,274 

726 

,472,278 

1912 

236,643 

778 

,561,138 

ADMINISTRATIVE    PROBLEMS 

The  discontent  due  to  the  crowded  condi- 
tion of  the  Museum  resulted  in  1848  in  the  ap- 
pointment of  a  Parliamentary  Commission  to 
inquire  into  the  constitution  and  government 


of  the  Museum.  Purchases  had  been  dis- 
couraged because  of  lack  of  shelf-room  to 
accommodate  new  accessions.  "When  admis- 
sion was  more  formal  and  the  library  com- 
paratively poor,"  said  John  Winter  Jones, 
"readers  were  content  with  the  books  which 
they  found  there,  but  as  admission  became 
more  easy  and  the  number  of  -students  in- 
creased, they  made  their  demands  not  with 
reference  to  the  contents  of  the  library,  but 
to  their  own  wants."  The  Parliamentary  in- 
vestigation of  1848-49  grew  out  of  a  demand 
really  created  by  Panizzi  himself.  He  had 
given  the  British  public  a  new  ideal  for  a 
national  library.  The  fact  that  in  1848  the 
Museum  was  still  far  from  having  attained 
that  ideal  was  the  real  cause  for  some  of  the 
complaints.  Of  course,  there  was  a  great  deal 
of  nonsense  uttered  by  way  of  criticism  and 
suggestion  concerning  the  administration  of 
the  British  Museum.  Everybody  felt  called 
upon  to  relieve  his  mind  and  provide  for 
the  ills  of  the  institution.  No  doubt  it  had 
outgrown  its  early  form  of  government  and  a 
revision  of  its  rules  and  regulations  and 
methods  of  procedure  was  advisable.  "This 
system  of  things  must  be  amended,"  said  a 
writer  in  the  British  and  Foreign  Review  in 
speaking  of  the  report  of  the  Commissioners 
of  1836.  "We  say  it  for  the  interest  of  the 
establishment  as  well  as  of  the  public."  Not 
only  was  there  trouble  from  outside,  but  there 
were  numerous  dissensions  within  the  Museum. 
The  public  of  that  day  was  not  easily  satis- 
fied. One  witness  at  the  Parliamentary  In- 
vestigation gave  it  as  his  opinion  that  a  good 
catalog  ought  not  only  to  list  every  book,  but 
analyze  the  contents  of  every  book.  "The 
fault  of  the  new  catalog,"  said  another  witness, 
"is  that  it  is  one  of  the  contents  of  books." 
"No  annoyance,"  said  a  third,  "is  equal  to  a 
search  through  the  four  score  folio  volumes." 
This  man  wanted  a  short  catalog  because,  as 
he  said,  at  his  time  of  life  any  other  one 
would  not  be  ready  soon  enough  for  him  to 
use.  "One  result  of  these  public  commissions, 
one  compensation  for  their  frequent  fruit- 
lessness,"  said  the  Quarterly  Review  in  com- 
menting on  the  report  of  1848-49,  "is  the 
faithful  record  they  incidentally  preserve 
of  the  individuality  of  such  men  as  Mr. 
Panizzi.  In  these  answers  before  his  peers, 
better  than  in  any  writings,  speeches,  or  notes 


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of  conversation,  posterity  will  trace  the  power, 
judgment,  clearness,  fairness,  and  even  the  wit 
of  the  great  magnate  of  learning  who  has 
borne  the  Museum  through  stormy  times  on 
his  Atlas-like  shoulders."  Justin  Winsor  once 
said  that  these  parliamentary  reports  were  his 
only  text  .book  of  library  science.  Certainly 
no  better  discussion  of  library  problems  as 
viewed  both  from  within  and  without  can  be 
found  in  the  annals  of  government.  Much  of 
it  is  as  pertinent  to-day  as  it  was  two  genera- 
tions ago.  Some  elemental  truths  were  so 
clearly  expressed  that  it  seems  worth  while  to 
review  this  part  of  the  testimony  at  consider- 
able length. 

Henry  Hallam,  the  historian,  who  was  at  the 
time  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
argued  before  the  m  Commission  that  he  did 
not  think  that  either  the  trustees  themselves  or 
the  head  librarian  should  enter  too  minutely 
into  the  management  of  the  different  depart- 
ments of  the  British  Museum.  He  granted 
that  he  might  differ  from  others  in  his  views 
on  this  matter  but  as  he  said,  it  was  well 
known  that  those  who  might  be  called  pro- 
fessional men  were  naturally  never  very  much 
pleased  with  the  performances  of  amateurs. 
It  was  their  own  business,  it  was  that  to  which 
they  gave  their  whole  time  and  it  was  natural 
that  they  should  not  like  to  have  their  judg- 
ment unnecessarily  checked  and  restrained  by 
the  interference  of  officials  or  superiors.  Of 
course  this  could  only  be  a  matter  of  discre- 
tion and  it  was  evident  that  there  might  be 
error  on  both  sides,  but  as  a  general  principle 
Hallam  thought  that  the  trustees  should  avoid 
interfering  minutely  with  the  management  of 
the  different  departments.  The  more  they 
Know  of  them  the  better,  but  that  is  a  very 
different  thing  from  interference.  By  way  of 
illustration,  he  cited  a  single  instance.  While 
there  may  be  half  a  dozen  systems  of  ornitho- 
logical classification,  only  one  can  be  adopted 
and  Hallam  thought  it  very  undesirable  that 
when  any  one  system  had  been  adopted  and 
entered  upon  in  the  classification  of  orni- 
thology, a  trustee  or  any  other  official  con- 
nected with  the  Museum  should  say  "This  is 
wrong;  such  birds  should  have  been  placed 
in  another  division  and  such  birds  in  this 
division."  Hallam  was  of  the  opinion  that  in 
all  matters  of  this  sort,  eminent  men  such  as 
were  in  the  different  departments  ought  not 


to  be  checked  by  different  opinions,  which, 
after  all,  may  be  doubtful  opinions,  of  those 
who  are  only  officially  and  not  naturally  their 
superiors.  Lord  Sydney  granted  that  it  might 
be  advantageous  to  entrust  one  or  two  literary 
men  with  the  management  of  their  own  af- 
fairs by  appointing  them  trustees  of  the 
Museum. 

The  office  of  secretary  had  been  magnified 
in  the  hands  of  the  incumbent  of  that  day, 
the  Reverend  Josiah  Forshall.  Sir  Henry 
Ellis,  when  asked  whether  he  considered  the 
secretary  subordinate  to  the  principal  li- 
brarian, answering  somewhat  evasively,  said : 
"Certainly  there  is  no  question  that  the  duty 
of  every  officer  in  the  Museum  is  to  aid  and 
assist  the  principal  librarian  in  the  custody 
and  keeping  of  the  general  repository.  I  never 
knew  it  doubted."  Forshall,  on  being  ques- 
tioned as  to  the  practice  in  regard  to  requests 
from  heads  of  departments  to  the  Board,  said 
that  the  communications  were  generally  in 
writing  and  it  had  not  been  the  practice  to 
send  for  the  gentlemen  in  question  to  hear 
from  them  any  verbal  explanation  in  addition 
to  their  reports.  The  recommendations,  there- 
fore, might  be  rejected  without  their  knowing 
on  what  ground  the  refusal  was  made.  The 
chairman  asked  whether  the  secretary  con- 
sidered that  it  was  likely  to  promote  good 
understanding  and  cordial  zeal  on  the  part 
of  the  men  upon  whose  responsibility  and 
character  depended  the  efficiency  of  their  de- 
partments when  they  did  not  even  know  why 
their  suggestions  were  not  attended  to.  If 
the  minutes  merely  read,  "The  Board  cannot 
comply  with  your  recommendation,"  would  it 
not  be  desirable,  the  chairman  asked,  that  the 
heads  of  departments  should  come  into  com- 
munication with  the  Board  in  order  that  they 
might  hear  what  objections  had  been  made. 
The  secretary  replied  that  he  thought  the  more 
communication  between  the  Board  and  the 
heads  of  departments  the  better  and  that  the 
more  free  the  better.  As  to  whether  the  com- 
munications ought  to  be  put  in  writing  or  made 
verbally  was,  in  his  opinion,  a  matter  of  per- 
sonal preference. 

Hallam  was  of  the  opinion  that  it  would 
be  very  desirable  to  have  the  head  librarian 
present  at  the  meeting  of  the  trustees.  He 
stated  that  it  was  originally  intended  that 
there  should  be  at  the  head  of  the  Museum 


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a  salaried  officer  resident  in  the  Museum  as 
well  as  the  principals  of  the  different  depart- 
ments. He  thought  that  it  was  very  desirable 
to  raise,  as  far  as  possible,  the  station  of  the 
principal  officer  and  that  there  were  material 
difficulties  in  giving  any  considerable  authority 
to  him  relating  to  the  departments,  that  a 
single  individual  might  find  it  difficult  to  main- 
tain such  an  authority,  but  in  Hallam's  opinion 
the  principal  officer  should  be  intimately  as- 
sociated with  the  trustees ;  that  he  should  have 
a  seat  at  the  Board,  though  not  a  vote;  that 
the  trustees  should  receive  their  information 
mainly  from  him,  especially  in  cases  where 
they  might  not  personally  have  had  the  means 
of  obtaining  special  information  with  respect 
to  the  general  affairs  of  the  Museum.  Hallam 
thought  that  the  head  librarian  should  be  a 
gentleman  of  known  reputation,  mixing  to  a 
certain  degree  in  the  world,  and  if  of  private 
fortune  so  much  the  better.  He  thought  that 
considering  the  very  great  importance  of  the 
British  Museum  and  the  honor  attaching  to 
the  situation,  it  would  never  be  difficult  to 
find  a  proper  person  of  this  description.  He 
did  not  think  that  as  a  general  rule  the  prin- 
cipal librarian  should  be  chosen  from  the 
officers  of  the  Museum. 

CABLYLE'S  TESTIMONY 

On  February  8,  1849,  Thomas  Carlyle  was 
summoned  as  a  witness  before  the  commis- 
sioners and  certified  that  he  had  been  in  the 
habit  of  using  the  Reading  Room  occasionally 
for  some  years  past  and  had  personally  tested 
the  resources  of  the  library  and  the  assistance 
it  afforded  literary  men.  He  approved  of  the 
conduct  of  the  attendants,  but  complained  of 
the  ventilation  and  of  the  noise  of  so  many 
people  being  in  there  at  once.  He  thought 
that  the  accommodation  as  to  space  was  wholly 
inadequate  and  that  very  serious  study  was 
impossible,  owing  to  the  crowd  and  noise. 
He  never  used  the  Reading  Room  except  for 
purposes  of  reference  and  thought  the  means 
of  consulting  the  catalog  in  the  Reading  Room 
defective.  This  catalog  was  partly  printed 
and  partly  in  manuscript  and  only  one  copy 
was  preserved  there.  While  the  volumes  were 
in  their  proper  order  in  the  morning,  after  the 
library  was  open  two  or  three  hours,  it  was 
difficult  to  find  the  exact  volume  wanted.  Car- 
lyle thought  that  a  printed  catalog  which 


might  be  purchased  by  individuals  and  li- 
braries at  a  distance  would  be  a  great  ad- 
vantage. In  addition  to  an  alphabetical  catalog 
of  all  books  in  the  library,  there  should  be,  in 
his  opinion,  specific  catalogs  upon  different 
subjects;  for  example,  of  the  books  on  the 
French  Revolution.  Carlyle  testified  that  he 
was  at  one  time  extremely  anxious  to  find  any 
list  whatever  of  the  books  in  this  field,  pos- 
sessed by  the  British  Museum.  A  mere 
auctioneer's  list  of  the  names  of  the  books 
would,  in  his  opinion,  have  been  of  prime 
service,  but  he  could  find  no  such  thing  in  the 
library  and  without  it  he  thought  that  the 
books  were  entirely  useless  to  him.  When  he 
appealed  to  the  keeper  of  printed  books  he 
was  told  that  all  the  books  were  listed  in  the 
general  catalog  and  that  he  had  the  same 
chance  as  others.  "What  chance  others  had  I 
could  not  see.  I  was  not  unacquainted  with 
the  subject;  and  had  already  read  several 
hundred  volumes  on  it.  From  the  general 
catalog,  or  other  indications  offered  me  in 
the  British  Museum,  I  had  failed  to  discover 
that  there  was  any  specific  collection  of  books 
on  the  French  Revolution  there  at  all.  It  was 
only  by  accident  and  in  another  quarter  that 
I  had  heard  of  it ;  and  now,  without  better  aid 
than  the  general  catalog,  it  was  entirely  inac- 
cessible to  me,  of  no  use,  whatever.  For  all 
practical  purposes  this  collection  of  ours  might 
as  well  be  locked  up  in  water-tight  chests  and 
sunk  in  the  Dogger-Bank  as  put  in  the 
British  Museum."  Carlyle  was  willing  to 
grant  that  he  had  succeeded  in  getting  great 
benefit  from  the  collection  known  as  the 
"King's  Pamphlets"  in  regard  to  the  history 
of  England  during  the  Commonwealth,  which 
he  considered  the  most  valuable  set  of  docu- 
ments connected  with  English  history.  He 
had  at  one  time  drawn  up  a  memorial  to  the 
trustees  of  the  Museum  recommending  that  a 
manuscript  catalog  of  pamphlets  on  the  Civil 
War  be  sent  to  the  printer  without  delay,  but 
it  was  found  that  the  project  could  not  be 
carried  out.  "I  was  told  that  it  was  contrary 
to  the  rules  of  the  library  and  I  think  that  I 
heard  that  the  catalog  was  now  said  not  to 
be  correct.  I  had  found  no  error  in  it  and  I 
should  say  that  the  worst  catalog  that  was 
ever  drawn  up  by  the  hand  of  man  was  greatly 
preferable  to  no  catalog  at  all.  In  fact,  I  be- 
lieve a  perfect  catalog  was  never  yet,  and 


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551 


never  will  be,  made  by  any  human  being,  but 
of  all  catalogs,  surely  by  far  the  worst  is  no 
catalog  at  all.  If  you  go  into  a  mass  of  books 
and  have  no  catalog  of  them,  you  are  sent 
into  a  mere  silva  silvarum.  You  turn  away 
with  abhorrence,  for  you  find  that  you  can 
get  nothing  out  of  it.  If  you  had  the  age  of 
Methuselah  to  spend  upon  the  thing,  you 
could  not  go  through  such  a  trackless  mass 
of  confusion,  which  any  one,  just  in  proportion 
to  the  order  that  is  in  his  own  mind,  holds  in 
detestation,  and  flees  away  from.  Exactitude 
is  certainly  to  be  wished  for  in  all  cases,  and 
I  should  not  like  to  be  understood  as  saying 
anything  in  favor  of  slimming  over  any  job 
that  a  man  may  have  to  do ;  but  I  am  decidedly 
of  the  opinion  that  any  catalog,  whatever,  even 
a  mere  auctioneer's  list,  printed  with  ordinary 
correctness,  is  preferable  to  no  catalog." 

Carlyle  then  went  on  to  make  some  rather 
loose  statements  which  he  certainly  could  not 
have  substantiated.  "In  Iceland,"  he  said,  "a 
man  has  a  better  chance  of  getting  books  out 
of  the  public  resources  than  in  Great  Britain." 
He  also  thought  the  accommodations  in  the 
Bibliotheque  Nationale  superior  to  those  in 
the  British  Museum,  but  he  granted  that  the 
catalog  there  was  accessible  only  to  the  li- 
brarian and  his  assistants.  He  stated  on  hear- 
say that  the  Gottingen  Library  was  well 
cataloged.  The  superior  accommodations 
which  he  claimed  for  continental  libraries  con- 
sisted in  facility  of  access  and  the  inspection 
of  a  greater  number  and  variety  of  books. 
Carlyle  wanted  to  do  away  with  the  formality 
of  signing  a  reading  room  slip  for  books  which 
he  wished  to  consult.  He  thought  that  he 
ought  to  be  allowed  free  access  to  the  shelves 
and  have  a  private  work  room  because  the 
noise  in  the  reading  room  disturbed  him.  It 
was  contrary  to  the  statutes  of  the  Museum 
to  allow  any  reader  the  liberty  of  personally 
taking  from  the  shelves  such  books  as  he 
might  want.  The  reading  room  attendants 
would  gladly  have  brought  to  Carlyle's  desk 
any  number  of  books,  provided  he  had  been 
willing  to  make  out  the  slips. 

Carlyle  gave  vent  to  his  feelings  in  an 
article  on  the  histories  of  the  French  Revolu- 
tion, published  in  the  Westminister  Review, 
where  he  referred  to  the  absence  of  a  catalog 
which  would  give  him  the  titles  of  books  on 
this  subject  in  the  British  Museum.  "Some 


fifteen  months  ago  the  respectable  sub-li- 
brarian seemed  to  be  working  on  such  a 
thing,"  growled  Carlyle.  "By  respectful  ap- 
plication to  him  you  could  gain  access  to  his 
room  and  have  the  satisfaction  of  mounting 
on  ladders  and  reading  the  outside  titles  of  his 
books,  which  was  a  great  help."  The  refer- 
ence to  "the  respectable  sub-librarian"  Panizzi 
did  not  help  matters  and  thereafter  no  verbal 
communications  passed  between  these  two 
men. 

When  Panizzi  was  asked  whether,  if  Carlyle 
had  applied  to  him  personally  for  such  extra 
assistance  as  he  required  for  the  purpose  of 
investigating  these  pamphlets,  it  would  have 
been  refused  him,  the  principal  librarian  said 
that  they  would  by  all  means  have  done  every- 
thing they  could.  If  Carlyle  had  asked  to  go 
where  the  pamphlets  were  on  the  shelves,  he 
would  have  been  taken  there.  Though  Carlyle 
said  that  he  did  not  know  Panizzi,  the  latter 
claimed  that  he  knew  him  well  enough  and 
that  he  had  talked  with  him  about  printing  a 
separate  catalog  of  those  very  pamphlets. 
Panizzi's  complaint  was  that  a  reader  in  the 
reading  room  should  direct  the  servants  of 
the  Museum  to  wait  on  him,  to  make  them 
lose  their  time,  while  the  reader  who  quietly 
did  what  he  was  told  to  do  and  gave  his  ticket 
in  a  proper  manner  was  kept  waiting  because 
Carlyle  would  not  comply  with  rules  which 
were  made  for  the  good  of  all.  "If  the  rules 
are  not  good,  let  them  be  done  away  with — 
that  I  could  understand:  but  I  cannot  under- 
stand any  exceptions  being  made  in  the  read- 
ing room.  I  think  all  are  equal  there."  When 
the  chairman  asked  Panizzi  whether  he  con- 
sidered that  a  great  national  establishment 
could  receive  any  permanent  damage  from 
extra  attention  being  paid  by  officers  in  the 
reading  room  to  persons  of  high  literary  repu- 
tation known  to  be  engaged  in  important  liter- 
ary work,  Panizzi  replied  that  he  did  think 
so;  that  it  would  occur  often,  and  that  they 
must  keep  people  for  that  special  duty  if  it 
were  expected  of  the  Museum.  Panizzi  granted 
that  it  would  be  desirable  that  a  person  should 
be  stationed  in  the  reading  room  to  give  some 
assistance,  but  there  should  be  special  pro- 
visions made  for  this  extra  help.  He  con- 
tended that  Carlyle  had  an  advantage  over 
other  readers  and  consequently  caused  a  want 
of  discipline  and  order  in  the  Museum.  When 


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[October,  1913 


the  reader  would  not  look  at  the  catalog,  and 
would  not  put  down  the  pressmarks,  but  would 
send  for  Mr.  Watts,  for  example,  who  might 
be  otherwise  engaged  at  the  time,  and  would 
make  an  assistant  lose  perhaps  half  an  hour 
to  find  out  what  the  reader  wanted  to  know, 
that  half  hour  was  public  time  and  it  was  time 
taken  from  other  readers,  and  Panizzi  con- 
tended that  he  did  not  know  why  Carlyle 
should  have  the  Museum  assistants  turned  into 
personal  assistants.  Panizzi  allowed  that  he 
had  placed  assistants  at  the  disposal  of  persons 
employed  in  important  literary  work,  but  al- 
ways for  a  short  time  and  in  moderation,  but 
in  these  cases  he  knew  what  the  assistant  was 
doing  and  he  was  responsible  for  the  time  of 
the  assistant  and  if  he  had  done  wrong  he  was 
liable  to  blame.  But  he  thought  that  no  one 
ought  to  go  and  take  people  to  whom  he  as- 
signed certain  duties  and  make  them  do  per- 
sonal work.  If  Carlyle  had  gone  to  the  assist- 
ants as  a  last  resort,  it  would  have  been  dif- 
ferent, but  his  refusal  to  look  into  the  catalog 
quite  rightly  vexed  Panizzi. 

In  Carlyle's  opinion  the  Reading  Room  was 
crowded  by  persons  who,  from  the  trifling 
nature  of  their  inquiries  should  be  excluded. 
Others  from  mental  incapacity  were  sent  there 
by  friends  to  pass  away  their  time.  He  said 
it  frequently  took  three  quarters  of  an  hour 
to  get  a  particular  book  which  he  had  asked 
for.  The  time  actually  spent  by  the  attendant 
in  procuring  a  book  after  the  ticket  had  been 
given  him  varied  from  twenty  minutes  to  half 
an  hour.  Next  to  having  a  catalog,  he  thought 
the  most  important  thing  would  be  to  have 
more  space  and  make  some  attempt  at  classi- 
fying readers,  putting  those  who  are  reading 
novels  or  who  are  insane  in  a  place  by  them- 
selves, and  putting  men  who  are  prosecuting 
serious  study  where  they  might  have  a  great 
deal  more  composure  than  they  now  had.  He 
advocated  the  establishment  of  public  libraries 
in  various  parts  of  the  metropolis,  which 
would  draw  many  of  the  present  readers,  and 
would  leave  ample  accommodations  and  better 
attendance  to  those  more  serious  readers  who 
would  remain. 

Carlyle  had  to  grant  that  he  had  never 
worked  at  a  catalog  and  knew  that  the  difficul- 
ties of  making  one  were  almost  infinite.  "The 
minimum  of  speed  at  which  a  man,  diligent  all 
the  time,  may  make  a  catalog  is  beyond  com- 


putation, but  I  recollect  what  may  perhaps  be 
taken  as  the  maximum.  A  gentleman  once  on 
the  Committee  of  the  London  Library,  a  pro- 
fessor of  the  University,  in  urging  our  li- 
brarian to  greater  expedition,  declared  that 
his  own  experience  was  to  this  effect :  that  he, 
with  a  servant  only,  had  classed  3,000  books 
in  one  day.  This  was  what  our  librarian 
could  get  through  if  he  would  bestir  himself. 
The  librarian  did  not  find  it  very  feasible;  he 
did  not  proceed  at  that  rate  at  all  and  he  re- 
quired a  good  deal  of  urging."  Librarians  of 
to-day  will  feel  sympathy  for  their  fore- 
runners when  they  note  that  the  failure  to  dis- 
tinguish between  cataloging  and  classifying 
was  as  common  two  generations  ago  as  it  is 
to-day. 

When  asked  how  book  selection  in  a 
national  library  could  best  be  cared  for,  Car- 
lyle gave  it  as  his  opinion  that  "the  librarian 
is  the  man  that  must,  of  course,  have  some- 
thing first  to  say  upon  it;  and  if  I  were  the 
librarian,  I  should  say  in  reference  to  any 
book  that  was  decidedly  bad  and  false,  'I  will 
not  buy  that  book  if  I  can  help  it/  but  I  should 
expect  to  be  occasionally  over-ruled  by  the 
trustees,  who  represent  the  sceptical  part  of 
the  public.  They  would  say  to  me :  'Though 
you  are  averse  to  this  book,  you  are  over- 
ruled.' I  should  say  'Very  good,  I  have  done 
my  part.  Certainly  no  book  coming  from  the 
realms  of  darkness  ought  to  be  sent  up  to  the 
realms  of  day  and  allowed  to  do  evil  to  the 
sons  of  men  if  it  can  be  hindered/  " 

In  answer  to  the  question  as  to  whether  he 
was  aware  that  many  books  supposed  to  be  of 
doubtful  character  in  former  days  have  later 
been  highly  esteemed,  Carlyle  replied :  "Yes, 
and  this  is  perhaps  the  small  benefit  we  get 
out  of  the  application  of  that  principle  of  uni- 
versal scepticism  which  goes  from  one  end  of 
the  world  to  the  other  at  present.  Every  man 
declines  to  have  any  opinion  of  his  own,  but 
asks  the  world  what  their  opinion  is.  By 
adding  zero  to  zero  a  thousand  times,  you  will 
not  make  a  sum.  Zero,  nothing,  is  your  sum, 
after  all.  But  as  regards  this  refusal  to  take 
certain  books  into  the  Museum  libraries,  ob- 
serve, I  could  not,  perhaps,  would  not,  object 
to  such  a  book's  being  published.  I  would 
let  the  book  swim  for  its  life,  and  it  would 
survive  if  it  were  worth  anything,  but  every 
man  should  consider  that  the  Almighty  has 


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553 


given  him  some  powers  of  judging,  and  that 
he  is  responsible  for  his  use  of  the  power. 
He  should  form  his  own  opinion  upon  the 
matter  or  take  a  wiser,  if  he  can  fall  in  with 
it,  and  act  upon  that  if  circumstances  permit 
him." 

OFFICIALS 

The  Museum  has  had  many  officials  whose 
careers  furnish  interesting  subjects  of  study 
for  present  day  administrators.  Some  of  the 
early  chief  librarians  were,  of  course,  not 
what  we  of  to-day  would  call  professionally 
equipped  for  their  duties — and  yet  they  were 
equal  to  the  less  exacting  demands  made  upon 
them.  Joseph  Planta,  who  was  principal  libra- 
rian from  1799  until  1827,  granted  additional 
facilities  to  the  public,  and  during  his  admin- 
istration the  number  of  readers  showed  a 
considerable  increase.  Planta  was  a  man  of 
catholic  tastes  and  increased  materially  the 
collections  under  his  charge.  He  compiled  a 
part  of  the  catalog  of  printed  books  and  did 
much  of  the  work  on  the  catalog  of  manu- 
scripts in  the  Cottonian  Library. 

Sir  Henry  Ellis  was  appointed  temporary 
assistant  in  1800.  A  few  years  later  he  be- 
came assistant  keeper  of  printed  books  under 
the  Rev.  William  Beloe.  At  that  time  the 
prints  and  drawings  were  under  the  care  of 
the  printed  book  department  and  Beloe,  who 
was  somewhat  easy  going,  let  Robert  Digh- 
ton,  a  drawing  master,  have  rather  free  ac- 
cess to  the  prints.  In  1806  it  was  discov- 
ered that  Dighton  had  removed  a  number  of 
prints  which  had  been  lightly  pasted  in  the 
guard-books  and  had  sold  them  to  Samuel 
Woodburn,  an  art  dealer.  The  detection  of 
the  depredations  led  to  Beloe's  dismissal,  and 
Ellis  was  most  unexpectedly  raised  to  the 
headship  of  the  department  of  printed  books. 
Coincident  with  this  promotion  came  a  period 
of  increased  activity.  Ellis,  with  his  assistant 
Baber  (who  had  formerly  been  his  chief  at 
the  Bodleian),  began  to  reconstruct  the  cat- 
alog in  March,  1807,  and  completed  it  in  De- 
cember, 1819.  The  delay  in  the  work  was 
partly  due  to  Ellis's  transfer  to  the  depart- 
ment of-  manuscripts  in  1812,  but  even  after 
this  transfer  he  gave  considerable  time  to  the 
catalog  and  completed  the  parts  he  had  al- 
ready undertaken,  namely,  from  A  to  F  and 
from  P  to  R,  inclusive.  Baber  did  the  rest 
of  the  alphabet.  While  this  early  catalog  was 


severely  criticised  by  Panizzi,  it  must  be  re- 
membered that  the  standards  of  cataloging 
were  materially  raised  during  the  last  century 
and  that  the  early  rules  for  cataloging  were 
not  very  explicit. 

Sir  Henry  Ellis  proved  one  of  the  most  in- 
teresting witnesses  before  the  Select  Com- 
mittee of  1835.  There  had  always  been  a  con- 
stant comparison  between  the  British  Museum 
and  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale,  between  Lon- 
don's library  facilities  and  those  of  Paris. 
The  honor  of  the  British  nation  was  felt  to 
be  at  stake,  and  if  the  British  Museum  was 
not  shown  to  be  vastly  superior  to  the  Biblio- 
theque Nationale,  the  latter  was  lauded  largely 
in  the  hope  that  the  Museum  might  be  brought 
up  to  the  same  high  standard.  "In  the  Paris 
library,"  Sir  Henry  Ellis  testified,  "no  books 
are  given  out  to  readers  for  half  an  hour  be- 
fore the  library  closes ;  at  the  British  Museum, 
we  have  no  restriction  up  to  the  last  moment. 
It  is  one  of  the  rules  of  the  Paris  library  for 
one  book  only  to  be  given  to  a  reader  at  a 
time;  the  keepers  are  to  be  the  judges  for  any 
cases  of  exception.  A  gentleman,  whom  I 
mean  to  produce  to  the  committee  to  examine, 
assures  me  he  can  state  that  lately  in  the  Paris 
library  he  was  obliged  to  bribe  one  of  the 
attendants  to  bring  him  a  second  volume  of 
a  work,  he  having  had  the  first,  and  the  sub- 
sequent volume  which  he  wanted  having  been 
refused  him.  At  the  British  Museum  no  ex- 
ception is  at  any  time  made  to  a  reader  having 
as  many  books  or  manuscripts  as  he  may  wish ; 
twenty  or  thirty  would  not  be  objected  to,  and 
the  chief  attendant  of  the  room  gives  me  as- 
surance that  a  larger  number  has  been  occa- 
sionally given  out  at  a  time.  In  the  Paris 
library  romances,  detached  plays,  light  and 
frivolous  literature,  and  political  pamphlets  are 
not  sent  to  the  readers  in  the  Salle  de  Lecture, 
except  for  purposes  of  historical  or  particular 
research,  and  by  especial  favor  from  the  con- 
servators, to  whom  the  readers  must  declare 
the  precise  objects  for  which  such  articles 
are  wanted.  That  regulation  shows  the  dis- 
tinction which  is  very  properly  made  at  Paris 
between  a  public  and  what  we  call  a  circulat- 
ing library.  A  public  library  is  a  place  of 
consultation  and  reference;  it  ought  not  to  be 
a  receptacle  for  mere  idle  readers.  A  few 
months  ago  one  of  our  readers  sent,  in  a 
sweep,  for  all  the  annuals  and  all  the  keep- 


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sakes  of  1834,  and  all  were  sent  to  him  which 
we  then  possessed;  we  did  not  conceive  our- 
selves to  have  a  right  even  to  remonstrate; 
no  regulations  restricting  the  party  from  mak- 
ing such  a  demand." 

Van  Praet  told  Ellis  in  1828  that  the  secret 
police  were  accustomed  to  stay  in  the  rooms 
of  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale,  but  Ellis  ap- 
prehended that  British  readers  would  be  very 
averse  or  might  eyen  refuse  to  stay  in  the 
Museum  Reading  Room  if  they  knew  that  a 
Bow  Street  officer  was  officially  planted  there. 
Panizzi  related  to  the  commissioners  in  1849 
that  he  had  presented  himself  unknown  at  the 
Bibliotheque  Nationale  in  1835,  and  in  order 
to  test  it  he  had  called  for  some  rare  books, 
an  uncut  Homer  and  a  Basiologia  which  had 
been  stolen  from  them  but  was  afterwards 
recovered.  He  was  told  that  those  copies  were 
not  allowed  to  be  read,  Panizzi  said  he  did 
not  want  to  read  them,  but  merely  to  see  the 
copies.  After  some  hesitation  he  was  told 
that  he  might  go  in  to  the  room  where  these 
books  were  kept,  but  he  was  not  allowed  to 
remain  long.  He  was  then  sent  with  an  as- 
sistant to  the  room  in  question,  where  he  asked 
for  the  Homer,  and  while  he  was  looking  at  it 
the  key  was  sent  for  and  also  the  assistant. 
In  the  meantime  the  latter  had  found  out  that 
Panizzi'  liked  fine  books.  When  Panizzi's 
identity  was  discovered  there  was  no  end  to 
the  civilities  he  received,  but  as  a  stranger 
Panizzi  thought  that  he  did  not  receive  half 
the  civilities  that  were  received  by  strangers 
at  the  British  Museum  and  even  by  the  hum- 
blest readers.  "Paris  must  be  surpassed"  was 
Panizzi's  method  of  stating  the  rivalry  in  the 
matter  of  the  size  of  the  two  national  libraries. 

The  following  is  a  summary  of  Panizzi's 
principles  of  administration: 

(1)  The   Museum   is   not  a   show,  but   an 
institution  for  the  diffusion  of  culture. 

(2)  It  is  a  department  of  civil  service  and 
should   be   conducted   in   the   spirit   of   other 
public  departments. 

(3)  It  should  be  managed  with  the  utmost 
possible  liberality. 

To  Panizzi  is  entirely  due  the  credit  for  one 
of  the  most  important  gifts  ever  received  by 
the  British  Museum,  the  bequest  of  the  Gren- 
ville  Library  is  1846.  Acquisition  was  his 
main  enthusiasm.  He  found  a  library  of 
250,000  volumes,  mostly  uncataloged,  and  left 


a  collection  of  1,100,000,  thoroughly  cataloged. 
His  ideal  was  to  have  a  library  in  which  was 
to  be  represented  every  book  in  the  English 
language.  "I  would  have  a  public  library  so 
complete,"  said  he,  "that  a  scholar,  however 
rich,  will  find  it  a  more  convenient  working 
place  than  his  own  study,  however  well 
equipped." 

In  the  meantime  he  had  seen  the  Museum 
moved  to  its  new  quarters,  had  seen  those 
quarters  gradually  filled  to  overflowing,  arid 
then  by  his  master  stroke  of  a  central  reading 
room  with  surrounding  stacks  filling  up  the 
quadrangle,  had  provided  accommodations 
which  would  suffice  for  twenty  years  to  come. 

When  Sir  Henry  Ellis  was  asked  by  the 
commissioners  whether  he  considered  that  the 
object  of  the  British  Museum  was  to  find  a 
place  of  safe  deposit  for  collections  that  might 
be  bequeathed  or  bestowed,  he  reported  that 
he  thought  the  first  object  of  the  Museum  was 
to  preserve  these  collections  for  posterity. 
When  asked  what  he  thought  was  the  best 
mode  of  obtaining  a  great  national  library  or 
museum,  whether  it  was  by  flattering  the  van- 
ity of  individuals  and  acquiring  particular  col- 
lections by  that  means,  or  by  devoting  national 
funds  gradually  and  steadily  to  the  accumula- 
tion of  all  that  was  worthy  of  being  collected, 
he  answered  that  he  did  not  see  why  the  two 
might  not  go  hand  in  hand.  The  Rev.  Mr. 
Forshall,  the  Museum  secretary,  said  that  peo- 
ple came  very  frequently  to  inquire  about  ar- 
ticles which  had  been  presented  to  the  Mu- 
seum a  long  time  ago.  A  man  might  have  pre- 
sented some  trifling  object  forty  years  back, 
and  his  grandchild  would  come  to  ask  about  it, 
and  sometimes  it  required  a  great  deal  of  trou- 
ble to  satisfy  these  people  that  proper  care  had 
been  taken  of  the  objects.  What  librarian  has 
not  had  a  similar  experience? 

Henry  Francis  Gary,  the  well  known  trans- 
lator of  Dante,  after  an  unsuccessful  applica- 
tion for  a  position  in  the  department  af  an- 
tiquities, was  appointed,  in  1826,  assistant  keep- 
er of  printed  books.  At  that  time  a  classed 
catalog  of  the  library  was  in  preparation,  and 
Gary  was  given  charge  of  the  section  devoted 
to  poetry.  After  this  was  given  up  he  was 
employed  in  cataloging  new  purchases  and 
copyright  accessions.  Dr.  Garnett  says  that 
"the  numerous  titles  extant  in  his  handwriting 
show  that  he  was  both  an  industrious  and  an 


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555 


accurate  workman."  When  the  principal  li- 
brarianship  became  vacant  in  1837  and  Panizzi 
was  given  preference  over  Gary,  the  latter  re- 
signed. The  basis  of  his  claim  for  preferment 
was  his  broken  health.  "My  age,"  he  said, 
"it  is  plain,  might  rather  ask  for  me  that  alle- 
viation of  labor  which  in  this,  as  in  other  pub- 
lic offices,  is  gained  by  promotion  to  a  superior 
place,  than  call  for  a  continuance  of  the  same 
laborious  employment." 

In  April,  1837,  John  Winter  Jones  was  ap- 
pointed an  assistant  in  the  library.  Panizzi 
became  keeper  of  printed  books  the  next  year, 
and  the  Museum  entered  upon  a  new  era  of 
reform  and  extension.  The  books  were  re- 
moved from  the  Montague  House  to  the  new 
buildings  and  a  new  code  of  catalog  rules  was 
undertaken.  In  both  these  steps  Jones  was 
of  the  greatest  service.  The  famous  ninety- 
one  rules,  while  prepared  by  a  committee  of 
which  Panizzi  was  chairman,  owe  much  of 
their  merit  to  Jones.  He  acted  as  chief  reviser 
when  the  catalog  was  begun  in  1839,  and  he 
was  Panizzi's  right  hand  man  in  all  innova- 
tions undertaken.  He  succeeded  Panizzi  as 
keeper  of  printed  books  when  the  latter  be- 
came principal  librarian  in  March,  1856.  Dur- 
ing his  term  as  assistant  keeper,  the  Reading 
Room  was  erected,  and  Jones  was  able  to  be 
of  the  greatest  service  to  Panizzi  in  working 
out  the  details  of  this  great  institution.  The 
new  activity  in  the  Museum  brought  many 
duties  to  the  keepership,  and  Jones  proved 
himself  a  diligent  and  prudent  official.  He  suc- 
ceeded Panizzi  as  Principal  Librarian  in  1866. 
"His  methodical  habits  and  soundness  of  judg- 
ment recommended  him  strongly  to  the  trus- 
tees," said  Richard  Garnett,  "and  he  was  espe- 
cially esteemed  by  those  who,  like  Mr.  Grote,  Sir 
David  Dundas  and  Mr.  Walpole,  took  a  warm 
personal  interest  in  the  working  of  the  insti- 
tution. .  .  .  The  condition  of  the  staff,  more- 
over, was  considerably  improved  after  pro- 
tracted negotiations  with  the  treasury.  On 
the  conclusion  of  this  harassing  business 
Jones's  health  became  seriously  affected,  and 
failing  to  restore  it  by  temporary  retirement 
into  Cornwall,  he  resigned  in  August,  1878." 

Richard  Garnett  inherited  from  his  father 
(who  had  been  an  assistant  keeper  of  printed 
books,  succeeding  Gary)  a  facility  for  lan- 
guages, and  showed  in  his  youth  remarkable 
intellectual  precocity.  A  year  after  his  father's 


death,  in  1850,  the  young  lad  of  16,  who  had 
declined  an  offer  of  a  university  course,  was, 
through  Panizzi's  kind  offices,  made  an  assist- 
ant in  the  printed  book  department.  He  was 
first  set  to  cataloging,  but  was  shortly  given 
the  more  responsible  work  of  a  reviser.  His 
ability  was  soon  recognized,  and  he  was  put 
in  charge  of  classification.  In  1875  he  was 
made  assistant  keeper  of  printed  books  and 
superintendent  of  the  reading  room.  "In  spite 
of  his  shy  and  nervous  manner,"  writes  Sir 
Sidney  Lee,  "he  at  once  won  golden  opinions 
by  the  courteous  readiness  with  which  he 
placed  his  multifarious  stores  of  knowledge  at 
the  disposal  of  readers.  Bishop  Creighton 
called  him  'the  ideal  librarian' — a  title  which 
was  well  justified  by  his  width  of  literary 
knowledge  and  his  zealous  desire  to  adapt  the 
national  library  to  all  reasonable  public  re- 
quirements." "His  knowledge  of  the  extra- 
ordinary collection  under  his  care  was  won- 
derful," said  the  writer  of  the  obituary  notice 
in  the  Athenceum,  "and  his  kindness  in  assist- 
ing research  exemplary.  Many  a  student  owes 
to  his  memory  and  reading  references  on  ab- 
struse subjects  and  authors  which  only  an 
encyclopaedic  mind  could  carry.  Such  learn- 
ing is  rare  at  any  time,  and  especially  in  the 
present  age,  in  which  the  hurry  of  competition 
and  premature  specialization  have  almost  elim- 
inated the  all-round  scholar.  His  knowledge 
and  enthusiasm  were  at  the  service  of  all  who 
approached  him,  and  he  was  singularly  toler- 
ant of  those  odd  or  wayward  characters  which 
are  an  occasional  feature  of  the  Reading 
Room." 

When  Dr.  Garnett  retired  from  the  Reading 
Room  in  1884  to  look  after  the  printing  of 
the  general  catalog,  the  office  of  superintend- 
ent was  filled  by  the  appointment  of  Mr. 
George  K.  Fortescue.  The  latter  was  then  in 
his  thirty-seventh  year,  and  his  youthful  ap- 
pearance caused  one  newspaper  to  object  that 
a  great  scholar  such  as  Dr.  Garnett  should 
be  displaced  by  "a  beardless  boy."  Like  Gar- 
nett he  had  served  as  "placer"  or  classifier, 
and  so  had  acquired  considerable  familiarity 
with  at  least  the  more  recent  accessions.  His 
knowledge  of  these  was  strengthened  by  his 
work  on  the  subject-indexes  to  the  informa- 
tional books  received  at  the  Museum  since 
1880,  the  time  when  they  began  printing  the 
titles  of  accessions.  In  recognition  of  the 


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[October,  1913 


value  of  this  work  and  his  services  in  the 
Reading  Room,  Mr.  Fortescue  was  made 
keeper  of  printed  books  in  1899,  which  office 
he  held  at  the  time  of  his  death  in  1912.  "He 
was  a  man,"  said  his  colleague,  Mr.  Alfred 
W.  Pollard,  "who  gave  himself  unusually 
freely  to  others.  His  sympathy,  his  kindness, 
his  generosity  could  only  be  exhausted  by  very 
gross  misbehavior,  and  even  when  worn  with 
the  illness  of  his  later  years  his  vivacity  as  a 
talker  was  as  notable  as  the  range  of  subjects 
which  his  talk  covered  and  the  variety  of  its 
tones.  Like  his  favorite  Thackeray,  he  had  a 
constant  and  vivid  sense  both  of  the  comedy 
and  the  tragedy  of  life,  and  when  this  found 
its  way,  as  it  sometimes  did,  quite  naturally 
and  unaffectedly  into  his  talk  or  into  a  casual 
speech,  it  was  singularly  impressive." 

In  1909  Mr.  (now  Sir)  Frederic  George 
Kenyon  was  appointed  director  and  principal 
librarian.  He  had  entered  the  service  of  the 
Museum  as  an  assistant  in  1889,  and  in  1898 
he  was  appointed  assistant  keeper  of  manu- 
scripts. His  maternal  grandfather,  Mr.  Haw- 


kins, had  been  keeper  of  antiquities  at  the 
Museum.  Dr.  Kenyon's  appointment  to  the 
principal  librarianship  was  "viewed  with  satis- 
faction as  likely  to  produce  excellent  results" 
(Athenaum).  The  director,  is  an  accom- 
plished scholar  and  has  numerous  publications 
to  his  credit,  among  others  "The  evidence  of 
Greek  papyri  with  regard  to  textual  criticism," 
"Handbook  to  the  textual  criticism  of  the  New 
Testament,"  "Our  Bible  and  the  ancient  man- 
uscripts," "The  palaeography  of  Greek  papyri," 
a  three  volume  catalog!  of  Greek  papyri  in  the 
British  Museum,  "Facsimiles  of  Biblical  man- 
uscripts in  the  British  Museum,"  and  numer- 
ous articles  in  periodicals.  He  has  also  edited 
Aristotle,  Bacchylides,  Hyperides,  the  Centen- 
ary edition  of  Robert  Browning,  and  the  "Let- 
ters of  E.  B.  Browning."  Under  the  present 
direction  the  Museum  is  sure  to  maintain  its 
high  standard  and  to  continue  to  be  a  Mecca 
for  scholars  and  investigators,  not  only  from 
every  part -of  the  United  Kingdom,  but  from 
the  entire  scholarly  world. 


SOME  STATISTICS  OF  THIRTEEN  LIBRARIES  AND  A  SUGGESTION  FOR  AN 

A.  L.  A.  STATISTICAL  HANDBOOK 
BY  GEO.  F.  WINCHESTER,  Librarian,  the  Paterson  (N.  /.)  Public  Library 


IN  1905  the  Paterson  Public  Library  occupied 
its  new  Danforth  Memorial  Building,  the  erec- 
tion of  which  had  been  in  progress  during  the 
preceding  two  years.  The  large  building  and  the 
wider  scope  of  the  work  of  the  library  required 
a  larger  staff,  and  it  was  decided  to  establish  a 
systematically  arranged  and  graded  salary 
schedule  with  fixed  rules  to  govern  appoint- 
ments, promotions  and  other  details  of  staff 
administration.  Up  to  that  time  there  had  been 
no  such  schedule  or  rules.  In  earlier  years,  for 
a  time,  written  competitive  examinations  had 
been  held.  These  were  later  abandoned  and 
young  women  were  appointed  to  the  "evening 
force"  as  needed,  usually  from  the  High  School 
on  recommendation  of  a  trusted  teacher.  From 
the  evening  force  they  were  promoted  to  the 
regular  day  force  as  vacancies  occurred. 

This  statement  is  made  to  show  why,  in  1906, 
we  found  ourselves  in  need  of  definite  informa- 
tion as  to  salaries  paid,  methods  of  appoint- 
ment and  various  other  details  of  administration 


in  the  public  libraries  of  cities  averaging  about 
the  size  of  Paterson,  and  why,  finding  no  such 
information  ready  at  hand,  we  sent  out  a,  some- 
what extended  questionnaire  to  a  dozen  or  more 
such  cities.  So  far  as  I  recall,  all  the  librarians 
addressed  responded  generously,  and  with  the 
aid  of  the  information  so  obtained  we  were 
enabled  to  construct  "Rules  for  Appointments 
and  Promotions  of  the  Library  Staff,  and 
Schedule  of  Salaries"  that  have  been  in  force 
until  the  present  year. 

Our  trustees  having  last  fall  decided  to  con- 
sider a  general  increase  of  salaries  and  again 
wishing  to  know  how  far  such  increases  had 
been  carried  in  other  libraries,  we  brought  out 
the  question  sheets  with  their  answers  received 
a  half  dpzen  years  before,  and,  after  adding  a 
few  questions,  again  sent  them  to  the  librarians 
with  the  request  that  they  be  brought  up  to 
date.  From  the  second  set  of  answers,  Miss 
Cox  has  compiled  the  tables  given  here.  The 
figures  are  for  the  last  complete  library  year— 


October,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


557 


a  year  ending  at  various  dates  in  the  different 
libraries,  from  November  or  December  1912  to 
June  30,  1913. 

After  a  comparison  of  the  salaries  reported 
the  first  and  the  second  time  by  ten  of  these 
libraries,  we  estimate  that  the  average  increase 
made  in  the  libraries  during  the  interval  of 
half  a  dozen  years  was  approximately  twenty- 
two  per  cent.  Of  the  thirteen  libraries  on  the 
present  list,  only  eight  received  our  question- 
naire in  1906.  One  of  those  that  replied  to  our 
inquiries  at  that  time  is  so  large  as  to  prac- 
tically outclass  most  of  those  on  the  present 
list,  and  for  that  reason  the  questions  were  not 
sent  the  second  time.  Another — a  very  progres- 
sive library  in  the  west — sent  replies  to  the  first 
questionnaire  in  such  form  as  to  make  practical 
comparison  with  other  libraries  rather  difficult, 
and  that  library  is  not  included  in  the  list 
printed  here.  The  librarians  of  two  of  the 
more  important  and  interesting  New  England 
libraries  sent  very  full  replies  to  my  questions, 
but  felt  obliged  to  refuse  permission  to  print 
their  salary  schedules.  Those  two  libraries  are 
therefore  not  included. 

The  average  shown  in  the  first  of  these  two 
tables  of  libraries  in  thirteen  representative 
middle  size  cities  are  interesting — $40,270  aver- 
age expenditure,  109,354  volumes  in  libraries, 
392,086  circulation.  The  average  annual  "turn- 
over" or  circulation  per  volume  is  three  and  a 
half,  the  per  capita  circulation  a  little  over  two 
and  a  half  and  the  average  cost  per  volume  cir- 
culated ten  and  one-third  cents.  One  of  the 
most  interesting  items  is  the  annual  per  capita 
expenditure  for  support  of  the  libraries,  the 
average  being  twenty-six  and  seven-tenths 
cents.  At  the  head  of  the  list  stands  Somer- 
ville,  with  an  expenditure  of  fifty-one  and  a 
half  cents  for  each  inhabitant.  New  Bedford 
is  a  very  close  second,  with  forty-nine  and 
eight-tenths  per  capita,  and  Worcester  comes 
third  with  thirty-eight  and  nine-tenths  cents 
expenditure.  It  should  be  noted  that  in  the  case 
of  New  Bedford  only  about  three-fifths  of  the 
expenditure  is  of  funds  raised  by  taxation,  as 
that  library  has  very  large  endowments.  So  in 
the  matter  of  per  capita  city  appropriation, 
Worcester — although  that  library  too,  has  con- 
siderable endowments — is  probably  second  only 
to  Somerville.  It  is  noteworthy  that  all  three 
are  Massachusetts  cities. 

Mr.  Robert  K.  Shaw,  in  his  report  for  1912 


as  librarian  of  the  Worcester  Public  Library, 
says: 

"Malign  statistics  as  he  will,  every  librarian 
scans  none  the  less  eagerly  the  results  of  the 
annual  circulation;  if  a  material  gain  is  ap- 
parent, he  reports  to  his  Board  that  the  library 
is  doing  efficient  work  as  amply  shown  by 
popular  interest;  if  he  finds  none,  he  inveighs 
against  the  alleged  science  of  statistics  as  a 
constant  deceit  and  snare." 

Mr.  Shaw's  description  of  a  tendency  in  the 
mental  action  of  librarians  is  undoubtedly  cor- 
rect; nevertheless,  it  would  probably  be  found 
that  in  most  cases  where  the  library  circulation 
is  large,  the  other  departments  are  also  doing 
good  work.  At  any  rate,  a  large  registration 
and  circulation  is  proof  that  the  library  is 
reaching  the  mass  of  the  people,  and  that  should 
be  the  first,  though  by  no  means  the  only 
object  of  a  free  public  library.  However,  there 
are,  perhaps,  a  few  public  libraries  where  the 
scholarly  side  of  library  work  has — wisely  or 
unwisely — been  developed  at  the  expense  of  the 
popular  side,  and  where  for  that  reason  the' 
home  circulation  may  be  comparatively  small. 

The  most  fortunate  combination  for  highly 
successful  public  library  work  seems  to  be 
something  like  this — a  collection  of  books,  large 
in  proportion  to  the  population  of  the  city,  in 
a  good  building  or  buildings,  an  intelligent,  ap- 
preciative public  that  will  approve  large  appro- 
priations for  library  support,  an  intelligent, 
public-spirited  and  broad-minded  board  of 
trustees  who  will  put  an  able  librarian  in 
charge,  give  him  a  free  hand  and  "back  him 
up."  Possibly  some  such  situation  now  exists 
in  the  fortunate  town  of  Somerville.  Anyhow, 
the  statistical  showing  of  that  library  is  very 
noteworthy. 

Referring  to  the  part  of  the  table  concerning 
rules  for  appointments,  promotions  and  so 
forth,  it  will  be  seen  that  all  except  three  of  the 
libraries  have  written  examinations  of  candi- 
dates for  positions,  though  one  reports  that  ex- 
aminations are  not  competitive.  One  of  the 
three  not  having  such  examinations  "is  about 
to  adopt  them,"  and  in  another,  heads  of  de- 
partments are  generally  college  or  library 
school  graduates.  In  six  of  the  thirteen  lib- 
raries, applicants  for  positions  must  pass  a 
state  or  municipal  civil  service  examination. 
The  varying  regulations  as  to  hours  of  work, 
sick  leave,  vacations,  and  other  such  details  ara 


558 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


interesting  and,  while  of  course  one  may  not 
generalize  too  much  upon  the  basis  of  reports 
from  only  thirteen  libraries,  yet  there  is  prob- 
ably a  tendency  towards  uniformity  in  those 
matters,  and  such  standardizing  seems  de- 
sirable. 

I  have  already  said  that  the  information  that 
is  tabulated  here  was  first  gathered  to  meet  an 
urgent  practical  need  of  our  own.  It  is  now 
published  because  several  of  the  contributors 
desired  to  see  the  returns  from  all  the  libraries 
and  because  it  is  thought  that  the  tables  will 
interest  many. 

This  brings  me  to  the  chief  purpose  of  my 
brief  article,  which  is  to  suggest  that  the  A.  L. 
A.  Publishing  Board  undertake  the  issue  of  a 
Statistical  Annual,  which  should  contain  the 
most  extensive  assemblage  of  facts  and  the 
widest  showing  of  library  practice  in  the  United 
States  that  it  is  possible  to  bring  together. 

University  and  college  libraries  should  be  in 
a  class  by  themselves.  Public  libraries  in  all 
towns  of  ten  thousand  population  and  over 
should  be  divided  into  several  classes.  Let  us 
say,  somewhat  as  follows : 

(1)  Cities  of  from  10,000  to  75,000  population. 

(2)  75,000  to  300,000— the  class  represented 

in  the  tables  herewith. 

(3)  300,000  to  600,000. 

(4)  Above  600,000  population. 

I  think  that  for  public  libraries  (as  dis- 
tinguished from;  college  and  other  special  lib- 
raries), the  arrangement  by  population  of 
towns  would  be  more  useful  than  by  number 
of  volumes.  The  fullest  possible  information 
from  each  library  would  be  systematically 
tabulated  and  placed  in  its  proper  class,  where 
averages  for  each  class  of  libraries  (classed 
according  to  size  of  cities)  would  be  shown 
for  appropriations,  expenditures,  salaries  of 
various  positions,  circulation,  cost,  etc. — as  in 


tables   here  given — and   for  very  many  other 
items  of  practical  importance. 

I  can  see  no  reason  why  the  salaries  of  lib- 
rarians of  all  libraries  supported  by  public  tax 
should  not  be  tabulated.  There  should  be  no 
objection  te  this.  A  librarian  receiving  a  large, 
salary  would  hardly  object  to  publication  of  the 
fact,  while  those  less  fortunate  might  benefit 
by  such  publicity,  particularly  if  in  the  columns 
showing  work  done  their  libraries  could  give  a 
good  account  of  themselves. 

With  such  a  publication  at  hand,  when  a 
library  board  is  discussing  the  salaries  of  its 
staff  or  of  any  individual  thereon,  it  would  be 
easy  to  ascertain  at  once  whether  the  salaries 
already  paid  were  above  or  below  the  average 
and  also  to  make  some  comparison  of  the  work 
accomplished  by  the  library  in  question  and 
others  in  its  class.  The  most  careful  statistics 
of  city  appropriations  should  be  given.  This 
should  include  the  total  assessed  valuation  of 
each  city  and  the  method  of  assessment — 
whether  at  full  market  value  or  at  what  point 
below.  Such  figures  ready  at  hand  would  often 
be  most  useful  to  finance  committees  endeavor- 
ing to  get  a  proper  appropriation  for  their  lib- 
raries. Many  of  the  subjects  which  are  re- 
ported upon  at  A.  L.  A.  meetings,  such  for  ex- 
ample as  children's  work,  in  various  details, 
methods  and  cost  of  binding  and  other  similar 
topics,  might  be  covered  by  the  tables  in  the 
annual.  In  each  issue  might  be  given  a  min- 
ute and  critical  illustrated  description  of  say 
two  library  buildings — one  large  and  costly,  the 
other  small. 

In  fact,  the  field  of  usefulness  for  an  "A.  L. 
A.  Statistical  Annual"  seems  to  me  to  be  very 
wide.  Perhaps  it  is  too  wide,  but  at  our  library 
of  comparatively  modest  resources  I  think  we 
would  be  willing  to  pay — if  necessary — ten  dol- 
lars a  year  for  such  a  book  if  the  work  were 
thoroughly  well  done. 


EFFICIENCY  IN  LIBRARY  WORK. 
BY     THERESA     HITCHLER,    Brooklyn     Public   Library. 


EFFICIENCY,  efficiency — the  cry  is  ringing 
round  the  world.  What  do  we  mean  by  effi- 
ciency anyway  ?  It  seems  to  be  tending  towards 
the  deification  of  the  bookkeeper  or  account- 
ant. I  know  what  it  used  to  mean — the 


best  possible  work  done  in  the  greatest  pos- 
sible quantity  in  the  shortest  possible  time, 
with  some  reference  to  and  consideration  of 
the  individual.  To-day  it  seems  to  be  used  in 
a  perverted  sense  and,  ignoring  the  individual 


October,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


559 


or  regarding  him  merely  in  the  light  of  a 
machine,  appears  to  refer  almost  entirely  to  the 
quantity  of  work  turned  out  with  a  minimum, 
or  rather  with  a  carefully  studied  system,  of 
movements — an  attempt  to  reduce  or  elevate 
(?)  to  a  science  something  that  cannot  be  so 
managed  unless  the  individual  is  to  become  a 
machine  in  earnest  and  forever  abandon  all 
trace  of  individuality,  the  possibility  of  the 
consummation  of  which  attempt  I  greatly 
doubt.  It  doesn't  seem  to  me  this  agitation  or 
craze  can  last. 

Efficiency  to-day  is  being  scientifically  man- 
aged to  the  hilt  and  to  its  limit — and  is  there- 
fore in  danger  of  being  one-sidedly  done  to 
death.  I  think  we  are  all  apt  to  forget  the 
drawbacks  of  any  new  idea  or  enterprise  in 
dwelling  on  its  advantages.  To  a  large  extent 
of  course  that  is  necessary  to  insure  the  suc- 
cessful carrying  out  of  any  idea — there  must 
be  little  looking  backward  for  the  moment. 
As  with  so  many  ideas,  this  of  efficiency  profits 
the  few  rather  than  the  many  in  the  long-  run, 
unless  moderately  and  reasonably  conducted 
and  applied,  for  while  work  is  manifestly  in- 
creased in  quantity,  if  not  quality,  the  machin- 
ery which  turns  out  that  greater  quantity  is  in 
danger  of  breaking  so  much  the  sooner  or 
oftener.  If  this  machinery  were  not  human 
it  wouldn't  matter  very  much,  but  the  fact 
that  it  is  must  be  looked  squarely  in  the 
face.  All  machinery  costs  money,  but  human 
machines  are  most  costly  and  most  difficult  to 
replace.  Ought  we  not  to  weigh  this  more 
thoroughly  than  we  seem  to  be  doing  in  our 
present  craze  for  showy  statistics?  I  do  not 
hold  that  "might  is  right"  always,  but  might 
is  a  force  which  has  to  be  considered  and  reck- 
oned with.  Are  we  not  in  peril  of  running 
into  opposition  so  great,  so  as  yet  unaware  of 
its  giant  strength,  that  we  shall  be  helpless 
before  it  when  it  comes?  We  cannot  first 
make  people  into  machines  and  then  ruthlessly 
break  those  machines  without  retribution  over- 
taking us  at  some  unsuspected  or  unforeseen  mo- 
ment. "Efficiency"  is  running  amuck  in  the  indus- 
trial world  and  has  seeped  into  the  professions. 

In  the  first  place  do  we  not  use  System  and 
Efficiency  interchangeably?  I  think  we  do, 
though  they  are  not  at  all  synonymous.  Sys- 
tem is  necessary  in  all  branches  of  human  in- 
dustry, professions  included,  if  we  are  to  make 
our  work  tell.  But  efficiency,  as  that  expres- 


sion is  used  to-day,  implies  a  ruthlessness  of 
mechanical  concentration  which  is  harmful  to 
the  individual,  destroys  or  deadens  his  human 
interest  in  the  work,  reduces  him  to  a  mere 
machine  and  in  a  far  less  time  than  formerly, 
wears  him  out.  There  is  no  joy  in  work  which 
means  only  unfailing  accuracy  and  unremitting 
speed. 

And,  by  the  way,  are  we  not,  while  overesti- 
mating the  value  of  the  precious  statistics  we 
gather,  underestimating  the  time  spent  in 
gathering  the  same  and  the  money  paid  to  the 
experts,  nonexistent  in  former  days  but  neces- 
sary to-day  at  a  large  sum  per  annum,  who  to 
justify  their  positions  find  it  incumbent  upon 
them  to  devise  new  and  ever  new  methods  of 
tabulation?  I  do  not  mean  to  decry  the  value 
of  System; — nor  of  Statistics.  Far  from  it. 
And  in  certain  branches  of  industry,  such 
as  brick-laying  and  the  like,  it  has  proved  its 
right  to  exist.  But  to  think  that  we  can  apply 
it  indiscriminately  to  any  branch  of  any  indus- 
try or  profession  is  ridiculous.  I'm  seething 
with  thoughts  on  the  subject  anxious  to  find 
expression,  but  I  believe  I'd  better  confine  my- 
self to  the  effect  of  the  efficiency  method  on 
library  work.  Librarians  in  their  eagerness  to 
progress  are  apt  to  follow  in  pursuit  of  a  new 
idea,  follow  to  the  bitter  end,  piling  up  on  each 
side  of  the  narrow  traversed  lane  the  slightly 
older  ideas  but  partially  carried  out  in  prac- 
tice and  all  other  accumulated  work  that  has 
to  wait  while  they're  chasing  the  new  will  o' 
the  wisp.  I'm  for  progress,  too,  but  everything 
in  moderation,  I  maintain,  until  we're  sure. 
I've  had  so  much  experience  in  the  gathering 
and  garnering  and  manipulation  of  statistics 
and  in  trying  to  make  them  tell  a  true  story 
intelligibly  and  without  exaggeration,  that  I 
know  whereof  I  speak.  And  by  that  same 
token  I  am  wary  of  statistics  because  I  have 
experienced  too  frequently  their  unreliability 
as  well  as  their  trustworthiness.  By  that  I 
don't  by  any  means  intend  to  convey  the  inv 
pression  that  in  library  work  any  more  than 
in  other  work  we  can  afford  to  discount  the 
value  of  statistics.  Far  from  it,  for  I  believe 
the  Cataloging  Department  of  the  Brooklyn 
Public  Library  was  among  the  first  to  inaugu- 
rate a  system  of  individual  work  sheets,  month- 
ly sheets  containing  the  daily  record  of  each 
assistant's  work,  so  far  as  that  work  could  be 
reduced  to  definite  figures.  Therein  lies  the 


56o 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


crux  of  the  matter — "so  far  as  that  work  could 
be  reduced  to  definite  figures."  It  was  started 
here  more  as  a  sort  of  moral  spur,  more  for  the 
sake  of  affording  each  assistant  an  opportunity 
of  keeping  up  her  standard,  of  making  her 
(as  well  as  her  chief)  aware  of  her  own  "fall- 
ing off"  or  improvement  in  her  work,  than  for 
purposes  of  permanent  record  or  comparison. 
For  in  library  work  there  is  comparatively 
little  so  mechanical  as  to  be  reduced  to  the 
monotony  of  brick-laying.  Even  in  writing 
catalog  cards,  or  in  copying  such  cards  (I 
know  that,  example  will  occur  to  most)  intelli- 
gent and  observant  work  pays  in  the  end.  That 
presupposes  thought  as  well  as  speed  in  manipu- 
lating the  typewriter  and  necessitates  a  certain 
amount  of  questioning  or  "looking  up"  the  en- 
tries in  catalog  or  other  authority,  digressions 
which  cannot  well  be  reduced  to  exact  figures. 
To  be  sure,  all  such  work  should  be  system- 
atized as  much  as  possible,  that  no  unneces- 
sary steps  be  taken  in  consulting  the  catalog 
and  no  waste  movements  occur  in  the  handling 
of  the  cards,  etc.  The  pasting,  labelling,  mark- 
ing of  books  and  other  mechanical  processes 
can  be  reduced  to  a  much  more  scientific  mini- 
mum of  movements,  as  can  the  laying  of  bricks, 
without  detriment  to  the  work.  But  even  here 
detriment  to  the  individual  will  follow  in  due 
course — in  shorter  or  longer  time,  depending 
on  the  strength  and  temperament  and  sex  of  the 
individual — as  is  being  demonstrated  only  too 
frequently  to-day.  Physicians  are  beginning  to 
recognize  and  acknowledge  the  fact  that  mono- 
tony of  work  for  too  great  a  period  is  often 
as  much  the  cause  of  nervous  breakdown 
as  is  its  strenuousness.  And  this  applies,  said 
one  physician  recently,  not  to  work  in  factories 
alone,  but  is  prevalent  among  people  of  our 
sort,  in  professions  like  ours.  We  must  take 
into  account  the  fact  that  some  of  us  can  be 
pushed  some  of  the  time,  a  few  of  us  most  of 
the  time,  but  none  of  us  all  of  the  time  along  the 
same  road.  Either  our  spirits  would  rebel  or 
our  constitutions  break,  or  both.  A  change 
in  the  work  during  the  day,  at  stated  and  defin- 
ite periods  if  possible,  will  do  much  to  make 
for  efficiency,  both  as  regards  the  work  and 
the  individual,  for  the  improvement  and  excel- 
lence of  the  former  will  depend  in  large  meas- 
ure on  the  well-being,  physical  and  mental,  of 
the  latter  and  vice  versa.  The  mere  accumula- 
tion and  tabulation  of  statistics  takes  time.  If 


we're  going  in  heavily  for  very  minute  statis- 
tics, let  us  also  keep  statistical  account  of  the 
time  it  takes  to  gather  and  keep  those  statistics. 
I  think  the  result  would  surprise  most  of  us. 
What  we  gain  in  one  way  do  not  we  lose  in  an- 
other? And  I  must  always  hark  back  to  the 
question  "Cui  bono"  that  is,  if  quantity  alone  is 
to  be  the  basis  of  efficiency,  as  it  seems  to  be  in 
so  many  cases  that  have  been  cited  by  lecturers 
on  the  subject.  We  have  heard  of  the  number 
of  bricks  which  have  been  laid  per  hour  per 
man.  There  is  much  opportunity  for  poor  work 
here  so  such  statistics  may  prove  valuable  and 
justify  the  efficiency  method  which  has  resulted 
in  raising  the  average  or  they  may  not. 
But  to  say  one  librarian  can  write  50  cards 
a  day  and  another  80,  or  to  prove  that 
one  assistant  has  circulated  100  books  a 
day  and  another  but  60,  is  not  telling  the 
whole  story  by  any  means.  Figures  in  such 
cases  are  not  sufficiently  convincing  to  the 
initiated,  and  it  certainly  cannot  be  taken 
for  granted  that  the  one  who  wrote  the  greater 
number  of  cards  or  circulated  the  larger  num- 
ber of  books,  must  necessarily  be  the  most  effi- 
cient worker.  Not  any  more  so  than  that  the 
plodder  who  never  loses  a  minute  must  per- 
force be  considered  to  turn  out  a  greater  quan- 
tity of  work  than  the  spurter,  who  would  break 
down  nervously  if  obliged  to  do  her  task  in  the 
same  way.  We  are  all  so  differently  consti- 
tuted and  must  be  allowed  sufficient  latitude 
individually  to  work  out  our  own  salvation, 
so  long  as  the  results  aimed  at  are  attained. 
Will  any  number  of  figures  without  a  personal 
knowledge  of  the  person  in  question  enable 
you  to  judge  effectively  of  that  person's  ability? 
If  one  classifier's  record  states  that  she  classi- 
fied 20  books  in  one  day  and  another  that  she 
classified  25,  will  that  knowledge  enable  you  to 
form  a  just  estimate  of  each  one's  work  or  make 
a  fair  comparison  between  the  two?  Not  un- 
less many  other  facts  are  taken  into  consider- 
ation and  indefinable  qualities  weighed.  We 
might  as  well  attempt  to  record  and  keep  a 
record  of  the  number  of  thought  waves  and 
brain  revolutions  that  went  to  decide  the  clas- 
sification of  each  book.  I  may  seem  somewhat 
pessimistic,  but  you  know  that  to  be  successful 
one  must  not  be  over-optimistic.  It  is  only  by 
seeing  obstacles,  even  when  they  do  not  exist, 
that  one  is  enabled  to  devise  means  to  over- 
come them.  The  "Efficiency"  of  the  "Head" 


October,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


561 


of  any  enterprise  will  do  more  to  make  for 
much  and  good  work  than  almost  anything  else, 
and  this  efficiency  may  be  said  to  lie  more  in  the 
"Head's"  inspirational  qualities  than  in  any 
mere  mechanical,  intellectual,  administrative  or 
other  ability — or  all  these  combined,  which 
without  the  first  mentioned  lose  in  effective- 
ness. Perfection  of  mechanical  detail  without 
esprit  de  corps  or  enthusiasm  and  interest  on 
the  part  of  the  individual  as  motive  power  will 
not  make  the  machinery  work  smoothly  and  at 
its  best.  If  one  pushed  one's  staff  to  the  very 
limit  of  its  power  always,  one  could  never  call 
on  its  members  for  extra  speed  at  critical  mo- 
ments. James  H.  Collins  in  a  recent  article 
entitled  "Interest — The  Business  Mainspring" 
— says :  "To  the  business  man  executive  work 
is  often  the'  best  sort  of  fun.  because  he  is  in- 
tensely interested.  For  the  boss,  all  the  suc- 
cess and  most  of  the  fun  in  his  work  is  to  be 
thoroughly  interested.  And  the  interested  man 
soon  finds  that  the  easiest  road  in  management 
is  to  transmit  some  of  his  interest  to  others. 
To-day  the  executive  not  only  tries  to  com- 
municate his  enthusiasm  and  point  of  view  to 
those  subordinates  with  whom  he  is  in  per- 
sonal touch,  but  goes  further — he  develops  and 
makes  plain  the  points  of  interest  in  the  work 
itself  so  that  employes  at  a  distance  may  be 
stimulated."  A  little  warmth  of  human  interest 
and  feeling  will  never  be  wasted.  Louis  XIII 
it  is  said  failed  as  a  man  and  as  a  king  because 
he  lacked  warmth  of  affection  for  his  fellow- 
creatures.  The  constant  use  of  the  spur  to 
achieve  greater  results  in  quantity  can  be  over- 
done and  may  eventually  become  ruinous. 
It  is  such  things  that  Ntend  to  promote  the 
cause  of  Socialism.  To  my  mind  the  highest 
form  of  efficiency  consists  first  in  studying  the 
people  intrusted  to  you  until  you  know  them 
so  well  that  you  can  adapt  their  talents  to  the 
work  allotted  them  if  you  cannot  assign  to 
them  the  work  for  wkich  they  have  most  talent. 
That  process  is  almost  certain  to  insure  the 
happiness  of  the  individual,  overcome  his  in- 
ertia, arouse  his  interest  in  the  work,  inspire 
him  to  train  himself  to  accomplish  the  best  re- 
sults, to  lessen  or  eliminate  all  unnecessary 
movements  of  his  own  initiation,  without  being 
told,  and  to  develop  his  capacity  for  independ- 
ent action,  and  for  remaining  an  individual  and 
free.  I  have  a  great  deal  of  sympathy  with 
Oscar  Wilde  when  he  says  "There  is  no  one 


type  of  man.  There  are  as  many  perfect  as  there 
are  imperfect  men.  And  while  to  the  claims  of 
charity  a  man  may  yield  and  yet  be  free,  to  the 
claims  of  conformity  no  man  may  yield  and  re- 
main free  at  all."  I  hope  that  I  have  made  it 
plain  that  I  am  a  firm  and  enthusiastic  be- 
liever in  system  and  efficiency,  but  that  I  would 
merely  decry  its  being  carried  or  exercised  to 
such  excess  that  it  must  in  the  end  perforce 
topple  over  of  its  own  weight.  Let  us  remem- 
ber that  one  is  more  apt  to  get  the  best  results 
with  the  least  seeming  effort.  I  can  do  no  better 
than  to  close  by  quoting  the  admonition  of 
Whistler,  "Art  is  not  in  showing  pains,  but  in 
effacing  all  traces  of  it." 


A  CLASSIFICATION  FOR  AGRICUL- 
TURE LITERATURE 

MRS.   F.   H.  RIDGWAY,  of  the  Berea  College 
Library,  Berea,  Ky. 

THIS  revision  of  Mr.  Dewey's  classification 
of  agriculture  was  undertaken  for  Berea  Col- 
lege Library  primarily  that  places  might  be 
afforded  the  new  agricultural  and  country  life 
literature.  While  planning  for  the  new  mate- 
rial it  seemed  advisable  to  make  certain 
changes  in  some  of  the  old  subjects  which 
have  outgrown  their  quarters  in  the  D.  C. 

In  our  work  of  revision  there  was  held 
in  mind  the  desirability  of  avoiding  changes 
which  would  cause  erasures  of  numbers  on 
material  already  in  the  library.  A  few  such 
changes  seemed  justifiable,  however. 

Vegetables  have  been  transferred  from!  635 
to  634.1,  and  Forestry  from  634.9  to  635.  Very 
obviously  Vegetables  should  go  in  634  under 
Horticulture;  and  Forestry,  which  is  not  a 
horticultural  subject,  not  only  needed  a  differ- 
ent location,  but  because  it  has  become  one  of 
the  great  branches  of  agriculture  it  deserves  a 
position  relatively  more  important,  therefore  it 
has  been  given  a  section  of  its  own. 

Another  change,  made  chiefly  to  secure  a 
section  for  government  publications,  is  that  of 
•transferring  Fishing  and  Trapping — subjects 
relatively  undeserving  of  a  whole  section — from 
639  to  638,  where  they  are  arranged  with  Bee 
and  Silk-worm  culture  under  Other  agricul- 
tural industries.  To  provide  a  place  for  gen- 
eral material  about  plants  632  has  been  changed 
from  Pests,  Hindrances,  etc.,  to  Plant  Hus- 
bandry, plant  pests,  etc.,  being  kept  in  this  sec- 
tion as  a  division  of  Plant  Husbandry,  while 
pests,  etc.,  affecting  animals  go  in  636  under 
Animal  Husbandry. 

There  are  no  otker  changes  which  involve 
erasures.  In  other  places  where  the  revision 
suggests  changes  they  are  affected  by  the  addi- 
tion of  figures.  An  effort  has  been  made  to 
avoid  very  long  numbers. 

In  this  work  inquiry  has  been  made  into  the 


562 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


agricultural    classifications    of    a    considerable 
number  of  libraries,  both  public  and  college. 

To  Mr.  Wyer  (1900),  Mr.  Cutter  (1898), 
Mr.  Morton  (1906),  Massachusetts  Agricul- 
tural Library  (1912),  and  Yale  Forest  School 
(1912)  the  writer  is  greatly  indebted  for  mate- 
rial incorporated  from  their  classifications.  For 
information  obtained  on  certain  social  and  eco- 
nomic questions  thanks  are  due  to  Professors 
L.  H.  Bailey,  T.  N.  Carver,  J.  L.  Coulter,  G.  F. 
Warren,  H.  G.  Taylor,  and  W.  J.  Spillman, 
also  to  Professors  F.  O.  Clark  and  Frank 
Montgomery,  of  the  Agricultural  Department 
of  Berea  College. 

630    Agriculture 

,i,  Rural  sociology;  .11,  Statistics; 
.13,  Agricultural  economics;  ,131,  La- 
bor; .134,  Co-operation;  .136,  Fi- 
nance; .138,  Production;  .14,  Agri- 
cultural legislation;  .18,  Transporta- 
tion; .19,  Country  life;  .191,  Farm 
home;  .192,  Farm  women;  .193,  Farm 
boys  and  girls 

.2,    Farm    management;    .22,    Organi- 
zation   and   equipment   of    farm;    .221 
Farmstead.     Fields,   etc.;    .222,   Farm- 
house.     Outbuildings.     Fences.   (    See 
also  728) ;   .223,  Farm  machinery  and 
implements;     .23,     Administration     of 
farm;    .231,    Farm    accounting 
.3,    Dictionaries.      Cyclopedias 
.4,    Essays.      Addresses.      Popular   lit- 
erature   about    agriculture    and    coun- 
try life 
.5,    Periodicals 

.6,  Societies.  Proceedings,  etc. 
.7,  Study  and  teaching;  .71,  Ele- 
mentary schools;  .72,  Secondary 
schools;  .73,  College  and  universi- 
ties; .74,  Extension  work;  -75> 
Schools  and  experiment  stations;  .76, 
Institutes.  Summer  schools:  .78, 
Fairs.  Exhibits 

.8,     Applied     sciences;     .83,     Agricul- 
tural physics;   .84,  Agricultural  chem- 
istry 
.9,   History.      Travel   and    description 

631  Soils 

.1  Physics 

.2  Chemistry 

.3  Tillage 

.4  Crop  rotation 

.5  Fertilizers 

.6  Reclamation 

7  Drainage 

.8  Irrigation 

.9  Special  areas 

.91  Dry  farming 

.92  Irrigation  farming 

.93  Mountain  farming 


632  Plant  husbandry     , 

.03.  Dictionaries.  Cyclopedias;  .05, 
Periodicals;  .06,  Societies;  .07,  Study 
and  teaching;  .09,  History 

.i  Seeds  and  germination 

.2  Planting  and  transplanting 

.3  Training.     Pruning 

.4  Breeding 

.5  Pests  and  diseases 

.51  Pests 

.511  Animal  (also  beneficial) 

.512  Plant 

.52  Diseases 

.521  Parasitic 

.522  Non-parasitic 

.6  Protection  from  frost,  drought, 

etc. 

.7  Harvesting.    Curing.  Storing 

.8  Marketing.     Exhibiting 

633  Field  crops 

.01,  General  culture  and  care;  .on, 
Seeds.  Germination;  .012,  Planting; 
.014,  Breeding;  .015,  Pests  and  dis- 
eases; .016,  Protection;  .017,  Harvest- 
ing; .018,  Marketing;  .03,  Cyclope- 
dias; .05,  Periodicals:  .06,  Societies; 
.07,  Study  and  teaching;  .09,  History 

i.  Cereal  crops 

(May  arrange  cereals  in  alpha- 
betical order.  Same  arrangement 
may  be  made  for  other  crops,  for 
vegetables,  fruits,  etc.,  and  for 
breeds  of  horses,  etc) 

.2  Forage  crops 

.21  Grasses 

.22  Legumes 

.3  Root  crops 

.4  Sugar  plants 

.5  Textile  plants 

.6  Alkaloidal  plants 

.7  Other 

634  Horticulture 

.01,  General  culture  and  care;  .01 1, 
Seeds.  Germination;  .012,  Planting; 
.013,  Pruning;  .014,  Breeding;  .015, 
Pests  and  diseases;  .016,  Protection; 
.017,  Harvesting;  .018,  Marketing; 
.03,  Cyclopedias;  .05,  Periodicals; 
.06,  Societies;  .07,  Study  and  teach- 
ing; .09,  History 

Vegetables 

Edible  roots 
Edible  stems 
Edible  leaves 
Edible  flowers 
Edible  fruits 
Edible  seeds 


.1 
.II 

.12 

•13 
.14 

•15 
.16 


October,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


563 


.17  Edible  fungi 

.2  Fruits 

.21  Pomaceous 

.22  Drupaceous 

.23  Citrous 

.24  Small  fruits 

.25  Grapes 

.26  Nuts 

.3  Floriculture 

.31  Greenhouses     Conservatories 

.32  Hotbeds.   Coldframes.   House 

plants 

•33  Outdoor  floriculture 

.34  Bulbous  and  tuberous  plants 

.35  Cut  flowers 

.36  Annuals 

•37  Other  flowering  plants 

.38  Non-flowering  plants 

.39  Trees  and  shrubs 

635  Forestry 

•03.  Cyclopedias;  .05,  Periodicals;  .06, 
Societies;  .07,  Study  and  teaching; 
.09,  History.  Travel  and  description 

.1  Silviculture 

.2  Forest  protection  and  preserva- 
tion 

.21  Pests  and  diseases 

.3  Forest  economics 
.31  Forest  policy 

.311  Forest  reserves 

.5  Forest  influences 

.6  Management 
.61  Mensuration 

.62  Engineering 

.63  Administration 

.8  Utilization 
.81  Lumbering 

636  Animal  husbandry 

.003,  Cyclopedias;  .005,  Periodicals; 
.006,  Societies;  .007,  Study  and 
teaching;  .009,  History.  Travel  and 
description;  .01,  Breeds;  .02,  Feeds 
and  feeding;  .03,  Care  and  housing; 
.04,  Breeding;  .05,  Pests  and  diseases 
(See  also  619);  .08,  Exhibiting. 
Judging 

.1  Horses 

.11  Breeds 

.in  Light  horses 

.112  Draft  horses 

.113  Ponies 

.13  Feeding  and  care 

.14  Breeding 


.15 

Diseases 

.18 

Exhibiting.    Judging 

.19 

Asses.     Mules 

.2 

Cattle 

.21 

Breeds 

.211 

Beef  breeds 

.212 

Dairy  breeds 

•213 

Dual  purpose  breeds 

•23 

Feeding  and  care 

.24 

Breeding 

•25 

Diseases 

.28 

Exhibiting 

•3 

Sheep 

•31 

Breeds 

•33 

Feeding  and  care 

•34 

Breeding 

•35 

Diseases 

.39 

Goats 

•4 

Swine 

.41 

Breeds 

43 

Feeding  and  care 

.44 

Breeding 

•45 

Diseases 

•5 

Poultry 

•51 

Breeds 

•53 

Feeding  and  care 

•54 

Breeding 

-55 

Diseases 

•56 

Chickens 

•57 

Ducks  and  geese 

.58 

Turkeys 

•59 

Other 

.6 

Birds 

•7 

Dogs 

.8 

Cats 

•9 

Other 

637 

Dairy  farming 

.03,  Cyclopedias;  .05,  Periodicals;  .06, 

Societies;     .07,     Study    and    teaching; 

.09,    History 

.1 

Milk 

.2 

Butter 

-3 

Cheese 

638 

Other  agricultural  industries 

.1 

Bee  culture 

.2 

Silkworm  culture 

•3 

Fish  culture 

.4 

Trapping 

639 

U.     S.,    state,    and    foreign 

government  documents 

THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


SPECIAL  LIBRARY  SERVICE 
BY  G.  W.  LEE 

THESE. are  days  when  libraries  are  fast  be- 
coming recognized  as  essential  in  business,  and 
the  question,  "How  do  you  run  your  library?" 
is  familiar  to  custodians  of  libraries  that  serve 
business  houses.  A  good  answer  to  such  a 
broad  question  might  be,  "We  run  our  library 
to  suit  the  boss" :  to  save  him  time  and  trouble 
in  getting  questions  answered  or  obtaining 
books  he  would  like  to  use;  to  furnish  him 
with  information  that  he  could  hardly  hope  to 
obtain  through  ordinary  channels ;  to  record 
experience,  so  that  each  question  answered  is 
a  stepping  stone  for  answering  questions  of  a 
similar  kind. 

Do  all  business  houses  need  special  libraries  ? 
The  engineer,  the  insurance  man,  and  the 
banker  have  in  common  a  need  of  statistical 
reports,  maps,  directions,  etc.,  but  what  of  the 
man  whose  business  is  more  an  affair  of  rou- 
tine or  of  simple  experience — the  butcher,  the 
baker,  the  candlestick  maker  ?  While  not  every 
business  man  needs  a  library,  I  can  point  to  a 
brass  company,  a  paper  manufacturing  con- 
cern, and  a  dry  goods  house  which  are  mak- 
ing valuable  use  of  their  libraries.  The  farmer 
of  to-day  finds  the  Farmers'  Bulletin  published 
by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  of  great  ad- 
vantage; the  miner,  the  Geological  Survey.  It 
is  necessary  for  the  engineers  in  charge  of 
modern  street  railway  and  lighting  properties 
to  work  out  the  refined  problems  of  car-mile 
costs,  efficiency  in  the  purchase  of  coal,  re- 
frigeration off  the  peak  load,  which  their  spe- 
cialists and  sub-specialists  study  out  in  minute 
detail.  It  is  the  investigation  of  such  questions 
that  calls  for  the  special  library  and  makes  it 
a  thriving  organization. 

A  good  example  of  special  library  develop- 
ment is  the  Boston  Co-operative  Information 
Bureau,  which  recently  added  the  feature  of  a 
special  inter-library  worker,  who  while  making 
headquarters  at  the  Public  Library,  considers 
the  community  her  archives  of  information, 
using  the  telephone,  visiting  other  libraries, 
professors,  specialists,  and  business  houses  as 
occasion  warrants.  Those  who  belong  to  the 
Bureau,  subscribers  having  contributed  upwards 
of  a  $25  minimum  for  a  period  ending  Dec.  31 
of  current  year,  have  the  first  call  upon  her 
services.  "If  I  can  subscribe  $25  to  have  my 
questions  answered  from  one  center,  why  do  I 
need  a  reference  library?"  You  will  not  need 
one,  if  your  questions  are  few  and  can  be 
answered  in  five  or  ten  minutes ;  otherwise  you 
will  have  to  wait  your  turn.  No  doubt  nine- 
tenths  of  the  questions  you  would  ask  could 
be  answered  by  purchasing  a  dozen  books,  and 
then  you  would  have  the  beginning  of  your 
own  special  library.  In  that  way  many  special 
library  collections  have  been  started. 

Having  suggested  the  general  requisites  of 
a  special  library  and  the  need  for  such  collec- 


tions, it  might  be  well  to  point  to  the  way  in 
which  daily  experience  is  a  daily  reminder  of 
how  one  needs  to  grow.  This  is  done  by  se- 
lecting a  few  items  from  a  box  of  a  thousand 
or  more  questions,  covering  a  record  of  eight 
years,  and  commenting  on  the  resources,  or  the 
needs  that  each  question  calls  to  mind : 

1.  Paper     on     "Earth     pressure."       Found 
through  referring  to  our  card  catalog  of  pe- 
riodical  references.      (Our   general   classifica- 
tion scheme  for  this  purpose  available  for  dis- 
tribution in  pamphlet  form.) 

2.  "Irrigation  projects."     Asked  before,  and 
indicating   the   value    of   record   of   questions 
answered. 

3.  "Costs  of   car  barns."     Extra  periodical 
indexes  resorted  to,  to  save  time  in  handling 
separate  volumes.     (This  plan  of  keeping  an 
extra  file  of  separately  bound   periodical  in- 
dexes does  not  appear  to  have  been  adopted 
elsewhere.) 

4.  "Magazines  dealing  with  good  roads."  Re- 
quested by  Chamber  of  Commerce;  good  sug- 
gestions found  in  Engineering  Index. 

5.  "Cement    company's    pamphlet    on    house 
construction."    A  catalog  available  in  our  pur- 
chasing department. 

6.  "How  to  address  the  dean  of  a  college." 
Referred  to  our  office  authorities  on  such  mat- 
ters.    (Let  me  suggest  the  collecting  of  data 
for  a  handy  book  of  business  English.) 

7.  "Full   name   of  selling   agent   of  a    New 
Hampshire  mill."     New  England  business  di- 
rectory tells  us  these  are  but  typical  of  dozens 
of  questions  and ,  suggestions  which  might  be 
cited. 

And  what  do  we  ask  of  others?  Probably 
more  than  others  ask  of  us.  For  titles  on  re- 
cent works  on  distillation  of  wood,  we  find 
the  Chemical  Library  of  Massachusetts  Insti- 
tue  of  Technology  a  resourceful  center.  For 
certain  features  of  concrete,  we  like  to  know 
that  another  departmental  library  of  that  same 
institute  can  let  us  take  C.  A.  P.  Turner's 
thin  but  $20  book.  We  have  been  glad  to  find 
the  Boston  Society  of  Civil  Engineers  binds 
into  its  volumes  the  construction  news  supple- 
ment of  a  certain  technical  journal.  We  are 
constantly  interchanging  services  with  Messrs. 
Lee,  Higginson  &  Company's  banking  library. 
We  call  upon  various  professors  for  their  ex- 
pert suggestions,  and  it  would  seem  as  though 
we  wrote  the  departments  at  Washington  every 
day.  It  is  simply  a  question  of  development, 
to  make  more  of  a  science  of  .our  methods,  and 
join  more  and  more  with  others  for  the  same 
purpose. 

There  is  ample  literature  on  special  libraries 
illustrating  their  value  and  their  working  meth- 
ods. The  following  pamphlets  pertaining  to 
our  library  may  be  had  upon  request:  "The 
library  and  the  business  man,"  1907;  "The  li- 
brary and  its  facilities,"  1911;  and  "Classifica- 
tion of  periodical  references,"  1912. 


October,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


565 


THE  MASON  MEMORIAL  LIBRARY 

THE  Great  Barrington,  Massachusetts,  Free 
Library  dedicated  its  new  building  on  July  24, 
1913.  The  late  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Mason,  an 
adopted  resident  of  the  town,  willed  funds 
amounting  to  fifty  thousand  dollars  for  the 
erection  of  this  building  to  the  memory  of  her 
husband,  the  late  Capt.  Henry  Hobart  Mason. 

A  competition,  for  which  eight  architects 
and  architectural  firms  were  chosen  from  New 
York  and  Boston,  resulted  in  the  selection  of 
the  design  submitted  by  Messrs.  Blanchard  & 
Barnes,  Architects,  at  15  West  38th  street, 
New  York  City.  Prof.  Warren  Power  Laird 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  advised  the 
building  committee  as  professional  consulting 
architect. 

The  style  of  architecture  adopted  is  that 
which  prevailed  in  New  England  during  the 
colonial  period  and  is  commonly  known  as 
the  Georgian.  The  desire,  in  treating  the  de- 
sign, has  been  to  impart  a  cheerful,  com- 
fortable, and  homelike  feeling  by  an  effective 
arrangement  of  parts  and  architectural  features 
externally,  and  by  an  open  treatment  and 
effective  lightening  internally. 

From  the  street  the  building  presents  a 
harmonious  effect.  The  exterior  is  laid  up  in 
Howard  brick,  made  in  the  same  primitive 
methods  of  the  early  colonials,  and  used  with 
great  success  by  Messrs.  McKim,  Mead  and 
White  on  some  of  the  gates  at  Harvard  Uni- 
versity. White  marble  trimmings  relieve  the 
red  stone.  This  stone  was  quarried  in  West 
Stockbridge  where  was  obtained  about  one 
hundred  years  ago  the  marble  for  the  front 
of  the  city  hall  in  New  York  City.  The  roof 
is  of  variegated  slate,  having  several  slightly 
different  colors,  a  method  which  does  away 
with  the  old  idea  of  a  slate  roof  monotonous 
in  color  and  in  texture.  The  edges  of  the 
slate  are  roughly  chipped  to  make  the  roof 
more  interesting.  A  graceful  wooden  railing 
runs  along  the  ridge  connecting  the  chimnies 
which  rise  at  both  ends  of  the  building.  A 
dignified  cupola  in  wood  and  copper,  bearing 
on  its  front  face  the  family  arms  of  Lord 
Barrington,  surmounts  the  whole.  Following 
the  scheme  of  the  period  selected  the  main  en- 
trance is  in  the  middle  of  the  front  of  the 
building,  flanked  on  each  side  by  two  windows. 
In  the  walls  at  the  sides  of  the  door  are  com- 
bination lanterns  and  flag  poles,  providing  a 
place  for  the  display  of  the  flags  of  the  Nation 
and  of  the  Commonwealth. 

The  plan  of  the  interior  of  the  building 
shows  it  to  be  a  rectangular  structure.  The 
main  entrance  and  its  vestibule  opens  into  the 
reading  room  which  occupies  the  entire  front 
of  the  building.  This  room  is  seventy-seven 
feet  long  and  thirty  feet  wide.  The  imported 
English  red  tiled  floor  suggests  fire  proof  con- 
struction. To  guard  against  noise  rugs  have 
been  placed  in  important  places.  The  walls 
are  paneled  about  twelve  feet  high  with  a 
wooden  wainscot  painted  old  ivory,  and  above, 


the  plaster  walls  are  painted  colonial  buff. 
Under  the  windows  are  book  shelves.  The 
barrelled  ceiling  is  coffered.  Two  high  backed 
settees  and  rugs  crossing  from  the  front  door 
to  the  charging  desk  immediately  opposite 
divide  this  great  room  in  the  middle.  Thus 
is  formed  a  reading  room  for  adults  at  one 
end  and  one  for  children  at  the  other.  Per- ' 
haps  the  most  pleasing  details  of  the  room  are 
two  attractive  mantels  over  the  fire-places  at 
both  ends  of  the  room.  Even  the  andirons 
were  chosen  with  special  care  as  to  the  proper 
size  and  form. 

One  of  the  interesting  features  of  the  plan 
of  the  library  is  the  fact  that  the  librarian's 
desk,  placed  directly  opposite  the  front  door 
and  in  the  centre  of  the  building  has  splendid 
supervision  of  the  entire  main  floor  and  of  the 
stairs  leading  to  the  basement.  Behind  the 
desk  and  separated  from  the  reading-room  by 
columns  is  the  stack  room  installed  by  the 
Snead  &  Co.  Iron  Works,  forty-five  feet  long 
and  twenty-four  feet  deep.  For  the  present 
only  one  tier  has  been  installed,  but  the  steel 
beams  supporting  the  floor  of  this  room  were 
made  strong  enough  to  support  more  tiers, 
and  the  room  and  the  building  were  designed 
with  the  idea  that  these  would  be  installed 
when  the  growth  of  the  library  shall  require 
it.  The  capacity  of  each  tier  of  stacks  is  fifteen 
thousand  five  hundred  volumes.  The  desk  has 
been  built  with  efficiency  of  service  in  mind. 
Ample  space  has  been  provided  for  charging 
trays,  for  receiving  and  delivering  books  and 
for  the  storage  of  supplies.  The  stacks  and 
furniture  were  prepared  by  the  Library  Bureau. 
The  card  catalog  case  is  placed  just  at  the  end 
of  the  desk,  beside  the  entrance  to  the  stacks. 

The  Librarian's  room,  practically  fourteen 
feet  square  in  the  north  east  corner  of  the 
building,  is  reached  through  a  4obby  open- 
ing from  the  stacks.  In  the  southeast  corner 
is  the  reference  room  sixteen  by  fourteen  feet. 
Shelves  five  feet  high,  extend  around  the  walls 
of  this  room  for  the  books  of  general  refer- 
ence. 

A  staircase  descends  from  the  end  of  the 
desk  in  the  main  room.  Here  a  hallway  runs 
through  the  length  of  the  building  in  the 
middle,  and  opening  from  it  are,  first,  on  the 
left  hand  side,  or  to  the  rear  of  the  building 
where  the  ground  slopes  away  and  permits  full 
length  windows,  the  receiving  room,  where 
books  may  be  unpacked  and  sent  by  a  lift  up 
to  the  librarian's  room  above,  next  a  large 
room  under  the  stack  room  which  is  to  be 
used  as  a  museum  for  a  local  historical  col- 
lection, and  connecting  with  it  a  room  under 
the  reference  room  whose  use  is  not  yet  as- 
signed. In  the  basement  also  there  is  a 
storage  stack  room  for  the  used  documents, 
and  there  are  ample  toilets  and  a  large  boiler 
room.  There  are  two  indirect  heating  regis- 
ters for  the  large  reading  room,  but  most  of 
the  building  is  heated  by  direct  radiators. 

The  general  effect  of  the  building  is  that  of 


566 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


a  private  library  where  rows  of  books  on  low 
shelves  lure  to  the  browsing  habit,  where 
cozy  window  seats  and  comfortable  chairs 
tempt  a  book  lover  to  curl  up  and  read,  where 
the  entire  atmosphere  is  one  of  dignified  re- 
finement, and  culture  and  the  love  of  the  lit- 
erary masters  of  all  days  is  ever  present.  No 
more  care  could  have  been  exercised  in  the 
selection  of  every  detail  to  produce  this  har- 
mony. And  yet  the  library  is  workable. 
Those  who  come  here  helping  themselves  to 
solve  the  great  problems  of  the  day  will  find 
every  convenience  for  doing  so,  the  labora- 
tory method  can  here  be  followed,  only  it  will 
be  done  among  charming  surroundings. 

The  building  committee  had  for  a  chairman 
Mr.  A.  C.  Collins,  who  is  also  the  chairman 
of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  library.  Miss 
Emma  F.  Sheldon  is  the  librarian. 

J.  A.  LOWE. 

WHAT    THE   LIBRARY    CAN    DO    FOR 

OUR   FOREIGN-BORN* 

BY  JOHN  FOSTER  CARR 

FRESH  among  my  boyhood's  memories — I 
am  talking  of  the  early  eighties — there  stand 
pictures  of  two  librarians,  one  a  grave  but 
genial  scholar  of  remarkable  erudition,  the 
head  of  a  great  library,  the  other  a  young 
lady  whose  duties  in  a  town  library  made  no 
serious  inroads  upon  her  favorite  work  of 
knitting.  I  do  not  pretend  to  say  how  far 
these  two  were,  for  their  primitive  time,  pre- 
vailing types  of  librarians,  but  types  I  believe, 
they  were.  To  compass  "all  learning"  was 
long  the  ideal  of  the  library  that  the  scholar- 
librarian  followed.  Now  as  it  seems  to  me, 
with  your  new  scientific  organization,  "all  life" 
has  become  the  library's  province,  and  every 
library  is  doing  new  planning  and  new  work 
for  its  conquest,  developing  greater  educative 
force,  greater  attractive  social  power.  And  to 
the  librarian's  despair,  with  the  coming  of  this 
new  purpose,  our  life  grows  more  and  more 
complex,  as  it  rapidly  develops  a  new  civiliza- 
tion. 

The  new  duties,  for  instance,  that  immigra- 
tion is  putting  upon  the  libraries  vastly  com- 
plicate the  question  of  the  library's  develop- 
ment. It  is  a  national  problem  that  it  is  largely 
for  you  to  meet,  unquestionably  the  greatest 
educational  problem  yet  unattempted  in  this 
country.  How  shall  I  state  its  size  and  sig- 
nificance to  you? 

Define  first  the  problem  from  the  point  of 
numbers.  It  will  be  the  marvel  of  the  future 
that  we  have  sometimes  received  a  million 
immigrants  a  year  and  yet  that  for  so  many 
years  we  have  done  nothing  for  their  sys- 
tematic Americanization  and  education.  The 
Director  of  the  Census  made  the  announce- 
ment last  October  that  there  were  among  us 
3,612,700  foreign-born  males  of  voting  age 

*Read  at  the  last  annual  meeting  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Library  Club,  at  Williamstown,  Friday,  May 
23.  1913. 


who  were  not  naturalized,  a  fact  that  carries 
a  consequence  of  probably  7,000,000  men, 
women  and  children  more  or  less  out  of  touch 
with  American  ideals  and  American  ideas.  In 
your  own  Massachusetts,  where  your  1,059,245 
foreign-born  amount  to  very  nearly  one-third 
of  your  total  population,  264,475,  or  58  per 
cent  of  your  foreign-born  white  males  of  vot- 
ing age  are  not  naturalized.  Of  this  million 
again,  141,541  are  illiterates,  10  years  of  age 
and  over.  These  large  figures  state  impres- 
sively your  local  problem. 

The  school,  the  great  assimilator  of  our 
foreign  children,  has,  it  must  frankly  be  ad- 
mitted, accomplished  little  for  the  adult 
foreign-born.  It  has  found  it  difficult  to  re- 
fashion its  educational  method  to  the  im- 
mediate necessity  of  the  case.  Neither  books 
nor  system  nor  seats  have  been  well  adapted 
to  instruction  of  the  immigrant.  Altogether 
the  handicap  has  been  too  serious  a  one  to  be 
surmounted  by  any  but  the  most  intelligent, 
persistent,  and  ambitious  of  our  foreign-born. 
The  library  has  a  far  greater  opportunity 
in  this  work  than  the  school.  For  the  Ameri- 
canization of  the  adult  foreign-born  in  its  own 
way,  it  can  render  the  same  service  that  the 
school  does  for  the  foreign-born  child.  Its  aid 
is  more  inviting  and  less  formal.  It  makes 
less  strenuous  demands  upon  the  attention  of 
a  man  who  is  often  exceedingly  tired  after  a 
long  day's  work.  It  welcomes  the  man  who 
thinks  himself  too  old  for  school.  And  it  is 
open  throughout  the  year,  where  the  night 
school  at  the  most  is  open  only  seven  months 
of  the  year.  It  can  furnish  papers  and  books 
in  his  own  language  and  thus  provide  a  homely 
air.  It  gives  him  a  sense  of  joint  right  and 
ownership  with  us  in  the  best  things  of  our 
country,  and  that  without  a  suggestion  of 
patronizing  interest.  Best  of  all,  I  think  it  can 
put  the  immigrant  in  effective  touch  with 
American  democracy,  American  ideals,  and 
so,  better  than  any  other  agency,  destroy  the 
impression  of  merciless  commercialism  that  so 
many  of  our  immigrants  in  their  colonies  con- 
tinually assert  is  the  main  characteristic  of 
our  civilization. 

In  Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  we  are  trying  to 
work  out  a  practical  plan  that  will  be  useful 
in  this  new  field  of  education,  the  education 
and  Americanization  of  our  immigrants.  We 
mean  to  give  them,  first  of  all,  a  cordial  wel- 
come to  the  new  land,  to  bring  them  in  touch 
with  the  best  and  most  helpful  things  in  Amer- 
ican life;  and  then  to  give  them  such  educa- 
tion, civic  and  other,  as  they  know  they  need, 
and  so  often  desire,  and  to  help  prepare  them 
for  citizenship.  As  a  first  step,  with  the  active 
help  of  their  leading  men  in  Mount  Vernon 
we  have  been  giving  a  series  of  very  simple 
lectures  to  the  foreign-born  in  their  own 
languages.  These  lectures  have  been  based  on 
the  "Guide  to  the  United  States  for  the  immi- 
grant" and  have  been  in  Italian,  Yiddish, 
Swedish  and  English.  They  have  been  given 
in  the  public  school,  and  all  necessary  ex- 


, 


EXTERIOR  OF  THE  NEW   MASON    MEMORIAL  LIBRARY,    GREAT   BARRINGTON,    MASS. 


THE    MASON    MEMORIAL    LIBRARY    INTERIOR 


October,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


567 


penses  have  been  paid  by  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion. 

We  have  now  taken  up  the  second  and  more 
important  part  of  our  plan,  the  use  of  the  li- 
brary in  the  work.  The  difficulties  are  that 
foreign-born  working  men  and  women  either 
do  not  know  of  the  library,  or  fear  that  they 
will  be  unwelcome.  Once  persuaded  to  enter, 
they  need  immediate  personal  attention.  Index 
cards  are  impossible  to  them;  the  open  shelf 
is  often  almost  useless ;  they  know  little  or 
nothing  of  the  proper  use  of  books.  In  short, 
they  require  much  painstaking  individual  help 
from  the  librarian. 

And  this  is  what  we  have  done.  In  March, 
one  of  these  school  meetings  for  Italians  was 
adjourned  at  9  o'clock,  and  became  a  person- 
ally conducted  tour  to  the  Public  Library.  The 
Verdi  Club  welcomed  us  there  with  "Santa 
Lucia,"  "Bella  Napoli,"  and  selections  from 
Verdi  and  Mascagni  on  mandolin  and  guitar. 
And  there  was  a  first  simple  talk  on  libraries 
and  their  privileges.  Our  guests  learned  that 
the  library,  like  the  school  is  the  property  of 
the  public,  and  that  full  privilege  of  it  belongs 
to  every  man  and  woman  and  reading  child 
living  in  Mount  Vernon.  The  different  rooms 
of  the  library  were  explained,  the  few  simple 
rules  stated.  The  public  promise  was  made: 
"The  more  you  use  the  library,  the  more 
Italian  books,  and  papers  and  magazines  we 
shall  buy."  The  librarian  made  a  special  point 
of  meeting  personally  as  many  as  possible  of 
the  people,  giving  a  social  and  friendly  air  to 
the  place.  Afterwards  it  was  a  pleasure  to 
see  them  crowd  around  the  desk  asking  for 
cards,  when  it  was  discovered  that  these  could 
be  had,  and  books  with  them,  too,  im- 
mediately, by,  any  one  who  could  give  a  name 
in.  the  Mount  Vernon  directory  of  someone 
who  would  vouch  for  the  applicant's  honesty 
and  good  character.  The  evening  closed  with 
more  music. 

Not  too  much  was  attempted  that  first  night. 
For  the  second  library  meeting  the  lecture  was 
given  in  the  auditorium  of  the  library  itself. 
The  public  invitation  given  was  made  general. 
Parents  were  particularly  requested  to  bring 
their  children,  who.  it  was  announced,  would 
be  entertained  in  the  children's  room  by  the 
assistant  in  charge  of  the  children's  depart- 
ment. This  meeting  was  largely  devoted  to  a 
lecture  in  Italian,  and  there  was  more  pleasant 
and  informal  talk  about  the  library  itself  and 
its  privileges.  The  Verdi  Club,  as  always, 
eagerly  volunteered  its  services  for  entertain- 
ment. Selections,  vocal  as  well  as  instru- 
mental, were  very  successfully  given ;  and  an 
accomplished  young  actress  recited  Pascarella's 
grotesquely  humorous  "Discovery  of  America" 
to  the  enthusiastic  plaudits  of  the  crowd. 

Fulfilling  our  promise,  a  new  list  of  Italian 
books  has  been  purchased.  This  includes  a 
few  Italian  classics  not  in  the  library,  and  a 
certain  number  of  English,  French  and  Russian 
novels  in  Italian  translation,  all  world  classics. 
A  particular  point  was  made  of  adding  books 


that  are  either  translations  of  famous  Ameri- 
can works,  or  books  about  the  United  States 
and  American  life. 

A  second  list  of  books  already  approved  and 
next  to  be  ordered  of  similar  character,  in- 
cluding, besides  a  liberal  supply  of  fiction, 
volumes  of  travel  with  a  further  sprinkling  of 
American  authors. 

There  has  also  been  conditionally  promised 
by  a  friend  of  the  library  a  set  of  books  already 
selected,  devoted  chiefly  to  works  describing 
the  new  Italy  and  its  aspirations,  simple  books 
of  biography,  science,  mechanics,  hygiene,  with 
further  additions  of  Italian  classics. 

The  individual  attention  of  the  librarian  is 
proving  the  biggest  factor  in  the  success  of  the 
work.  She  explains  the  mysteries  of  procedure 
from  open  shelf  and  selection  of  books  to 
their  registration  and  care.  Beginning  with 
the  "immigrant's  guide,'  which  she  calls  "the 
foundation  on  which  the  librarian  must  build" 
in  this  work,  she  helpfully  learns  what  are 
the  new  member's  needs  and  tastes.  Here  the 
"Guide"  is  of  special  service  and  becomes  a 
useful  interpreter  between  them,  for  it  is  ac- 
cessible in  English  to  the  librarian,  and  can 
be  read  in  his  own  Italian  or  Polish  or  Yiddish 
by  the  newcomer.  By  gentle  hint  and  open 
advice,  through  other  books  in  his  own  lan- 
guage, he  is  given  the  chance  of  learning  some- 
thing of  American  life,  its  ideals  and  oppor- 
tunities. He  learns  of  "books  that  will  serve 
not  only  for  his  amusement  and  pleasure,  but 
for  the  best  education  of  which  he  is  capable, 
and  so  help  him  to  earn  more  money  and  more 
fully  enjoy  life." 

One  question  that  has  been  taken  up  has 
been  the  abuse  of  books.  It  was  found  that 
many  Italian  working  men  who  had  few  ad- 
vantages of  education  in  their  own  country 
occasionally  brought  their  books  back  either 
badly  soiled,  or  torn.  To  provide  a  remedy 
for  this  in  a  friendly  but  effective  way,  making 
a  direct  appeal  to  the  reader,  the  following 
notice  in  Italian,  with  its  familiar  appealing 
"thou's,"  was  prepared  and  is  now  being  pasted 
on  the  covers  of  all  Italian  books  in  the 
library : 

"Friend  Reader! 

This  book  is  full  of  wise  advice  and  useful 
information  for  thee.  Treat  it  well  as  thou 
would'st  a  good  friend.  Do  not  rumple  it. 
Do  not  soil  it.  Do  not  tear  it.  Think  that 
after  having  been  useful  to  thee,  it  must  be  of 
service  to  a  great  number  of  thy  compatriots. 
To  damage  it,  to  tear  it,  to  soil  it,  would  give 
a  bad  impression  of  thee  and  prevent  other 
Italians  getting  the  benefit  from  this  book. 
Respect  this  volume  for  the  good  name  and  for 
the  advantage  of  Italians 

This  book  must  be  returned  to  the  Public 
Library  of  Mount  Vernon,  New  York,  within 
two  weeks." 

And  for  those  who  abuse  books,  the  plan 
has  been  formed  of  showing  when  necessary, 
a  copy  of  the  "immigrant's  guide"  that  had 
been  borrowed  only  once,  and  then  returned  to 


568 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


the  library  in  so  bad  a  condition  that  it  could 
not  be  sent  out  again;  comparing  with  this  a 
copy  of  Dante  that  was  printed  in  Venice  in 
1529,  whose  pages  are  as  clean  and  in  many 
cases  almost  as  white,  as  when  it  left  the 
press,  nearly  400  years  ago. 

In  these  meetings  it  is  intended  for  the 
future  to  have  always  some  spoken  English. 
At  one  of  them,  there  was  an  Italian  speech 
by  an  American.  We  are  trying  to  cultivate 
intimate  and  friendly  relations  with  our 
foreign-born  friends,  and  to  do  this  on  so 
simple  and  democratic  a  basis,  that  there  can 
be  no  suspicion  of  a  patronizing  interest  on 
our  part. 

It  is  noteworthy  that  success  of  these  Italian 
meetings  has  been  made  possible  by  the  very 
hearty  co-operation  of  two  Italians  locally 
prominent,  both  contractors,  the  most  import- 
ant contractors  of  the  town,  and  of  the  Italian 
Catholic  priest. 

The  first  book  needed,  and  the  first  prepared 
was^a  guide,  if  you  please,  to  American  life, 
a  kind  of  immigrant's  Baedeker,  telling  the 
man  those  things  that  he  knows  he  needs  to 
know  about  our  country :  How  to  find  work ; 
How  to  travel  in  this  strange  land,  where 
everything,  they  say,  seems  to  be  upside  down ; 
How  to  learn  English;  The  claims  of  agricul- 
ture— the  story  of  the  92  Italian  colonies,  of 
the  30,000  Jews  on  farms;  The  geography, 
climate,  government  of  this  country ;  How  im- 
migrants can  become  citizens;  The  laws  they 
are  liable  to  break  innocently,  and  other  laws ; 
Health;  Chapters  on  savings  banks,  on 
notaries  and  other  abuses,  and  private  advice. 
The  "Guide"  was  prepared  throughout  with 
immigrant  co-operation,  with  the  help  of  those 
who  know  the  life  and  language  of  the  im- 
migrant. The  "Guide"  has  now  been  published 
in  four  languages  especially  adapting  it  in 
every  detail  to  the  men  of  different  nationali- 
ties. Demands  are  now  being  made  for  similar 
books  written  in  the  same  manner  and  style, 
for  a  United  States  history,  for  simple  biog- 
raphies, a  simple  book  of  civics,  a  simple  book 
on  learning  English. 

Supplements  to  the  "Guide"  have  now  been 
published  for  Massachusetts  and  there  are 
hundreds  of  calls  for  the  book  in  fifteen  other 
languages.  In  the  work  we  have  had  the  co- 
operation of  men  of  all  religions,  Catholic  and 
Jew  as  heartily  helpful  as  Protestant. 

The  most  heartening  success  of  all,  next  to 
our  success  with  the  immigrant,  has  been  that 
with  our  own  people.  Newspapers  all  over 
the  country  talk  of  it  as  a  "Guide  to  the  im- 
migrant for  the  American,"  a  means^Sferough 
understanding  sympathy,  of  destroying  "the 
things  that  separate,  working  for  broader 
democracy,  a  more  generous  human  fellow- 
ship. The  result  of  all  this  work  by  our 
friends  is  that  people  are  beginning  to  see  that 
it  is  more  than  a  question  of  a  book.  It  is  an 
idea.  For  the  propaganda  we  need  the  heart 
interest  of  men  and  women. 


NATIONAL  EDUCATION  ASSOCIATION 

—LIBRARY   DEPARTMENT 
BY  MARY  E.  HALL,  President  of  Library  Sec- 
tion of  N.  E.  A. 

THE  Library  Department  of  the  N.  E.  A. 
held  three  sessions  in  Salt  Lake  City,  July  7- 
ii,  1913- 

The  first  session  was  called  to  order  by  the 
president  in  Unity  Hall  on  Monday  morning. 
The  chief  topic  for  discussion  was  "The  best 
use  of  books  and  libraries  in  elementary 
schools."  The  program,  planned  by  Miss  Ida 
M.  Mendenhall,  chairman  of  the  Normal  school 
committee,  and  Miss  Erfie'  Power,  secretary  of 
the  N.  E.  A.  Library  department,  attracted 
many  teachers  and  school  superintendents,  as 
well  as  librarians  to  the  meeting.  Howard  R. 
Driggs,  library  secretary  of  the  State  Board 
of  Education,  Salt  Lake  City,  opened  the  meet- 
ing with  a  brief  address  of  welcome,  in  which 
he  sketched  the  history  of  library  development 
in  Utah,  and  then  spoke  on  the  topic  "Con- 
necting the  public  schools  with  the  public  li- 
brary." 

Mr.  James  F.  Hosic,  head  of  the  English  de- 
partment, Chicago  Teachers'  College,  followed 
with  a  suggestive  paper  on  "The  conduct  of  a 
course  in  children's  literature." 

Miss  Harriet  A.  Wood,  head  of  the  School 
department,  Portland,  Oregon,  read  a  delight- 
ful paper  on  "The  library  hour  in  the  school." 
Miss  Wood  believes  that  the  library  and  the 
school  must  be  so  closely  knit  together  that 
the  world's  experience  recorded  in  books  sheds 
light  upon  every  hour  of  the  school  day.  State- 
ments about  books  should  be  provided  for 
teachers  by  supervisors,  so  that  every  subject 
may  have  its  library  hour.  The  teacher  must 
be  saturated  with  the  literature  of  her  subject, 
and  then  wait  for  the  psychological  moment 
to  introduce  specially  interesting  books  to  her 
pupils.  The  library  hour  need  not  be  con- 
fined to  story  telling  and  reading  aloud  in  the 
classes  in  English  and  history,  but  teachers  of 
art,  music,  sewing,  and  manual  training  can 
make  good  use  of  such  an  hour.  The  teacher 
of  millinery  in  a  trade  school  of  Portland  uses 
the  hour  when  the  girls'  hands  are  busy  for 
awakening  an  interest  in  the  beauties  of  her 
native  France,  and  encouraging  the  reading  of 
books  of  travel  and  biography.  The  teacher 
in  the  manual  training  center  may  open  up 
books  to  the  earnest  little  workers  on  the 
benches  by  introducing  them  not  only  to  live 
books  dealing  with  the  shop  work,  but  to  biog- 
raphies of  William  Morris,  Ruskin  and  Edison, 
which  will  give  impetus  to  the  boy  craftsmen. 
A  geography  library  hour  in  the  grades  offers 
boundless  opportunities  to  the^teacher.  There 
should  be  an  occasional  hour  spent  by  teacher 
and  class  in  the  public  library,  when  the  chil- 
dren can  be  shown  the  finely  illustrated  books, 
..the  Audubon  bird  pictures,  the  Curtis  Indian 
pictures,  etc.  The  card  catalog  and  classifica- 
tion should  be  taught  by  games  and  exercises. 


October,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


569 


There  should  be  simple  lessons  on  the  care  and 
use  of  books,  the  atlas,  encyclopaedia,  and  large 
dictionary.  How  to  judge  a  book  may  be 
learned  early  by  giving  talks  on  individual 
books  in  the  classroom  library. 

Miss  Joanna  Sprague,  librarian  of  the  Pub- 
lic Library,  Salt  Lake  City,  opened  the  dis- 
cussion of  Miss  Wood's  paper  by  describing 
the  admirable  use  made  of  the  library  hour 
in  the  elementary  schools  of  Salt  Lake  City, 
where  entire  classes  and  their  teachers  come 
to  the  public  library. 

A  book  symposium  followed  the  discussion. 
This  symposium  on  "Notable  children's  books 
of  recent  years"  was  planned  by  Miss  Effie 
Power  and  conducted  by  Miss  Wood.  The 
teachers  in  attendance  were  most  enthusiastic 
over  this  innovation  on  an  N.  E.  A.  program, 
and  it  proved  well  worth  while.  Among  the 
teachers  who  discussed  particular  books  on 
Miss  Powers'  list  were  Miss  Frances  Jenkins, 
supervisor  of  elementary  grades,  Decatur,  111., 
and  Miss  Goddard,  head  of  the  English  depart- 
ment, Lincoln  High  School,  Portland,  Oregon. 
Miss  Goddard  severely  criticised  the  English 
of  many  children's  books  published  to-day. 
The  symposium  was  made  especially  interest- 
ing through  the  generosity  of  the  St.  Louis 
Public  Library  in  sending  an  exhibit  of  the 
books  discussed  and  printed  lists  for  distribu- 
tion to  all  who  attended  the  meeting. 

On  Monday  afternoon  the  members  of  the 
Library  department  enjoyed  the  opportunity  of 
meeting  the  leaders  in  library  work  in  Utah  at 
a  reception  held  at  the  home  of  Miss  Esther 
Nelson,  chairman  of  the  local  committee. 

On  Wednesday  afternoon  the  Library  de- 
partment met  in  joint  session  with  the  Depart- 
ment of  rural  and  agricultural  education.  The 
meeting  was  called  to  order  in  the  First  Pres- 
byterian church  by  E.  C.  Bishop,  Iowa  State 
College,  Ames,  Iowa. 

Mr.  O.  S.  Rice,  State  Library  clerk  for  Wis- 
consin, opened  the  meeting  with  a  paper  on 
"Rural  school  libraries,  their  needs  and  possi- 
bilities." Among  the  needs  of  rural  school 
libraries  Mr.  Rice  notes  the  following:  (i) 
Such  legislation  as  will  insure  the  establish- 
ment of  a  library  in  every  rural  school  and  an 
increase  in  the  number  of  volumes  in  the  libra- 
ries already  established.  The  average  number 
of  volumes  in  one  room  schools  is  consid- 
erably less  than  fifty,  and  a  large  percentage 
of  such  schools  do  not  have  any  library 
books  whatever.  (2)  Better  state  supervision 
of  school  libraries.  With  sufficient  office  and 
field  force  provided,  state  departments  of  edu- 
cation seem  to  be  in  the  most  strategic 
position  to  supervise  school  library  work 
which  falls  as  naturally  within  their  prov- 
ince as  any  other  school  activity.  So  far 
it  would  seem  that  Minnesota,  New  York  and 
Wisconsin  are  the  only  states  which  provide 
special  positions  within  the  state  department 
of  education  for  the  supervision  of  school  li- 
brary work.  If  state  departments  are  to  jus- 


tify their  control  of  school  libraries  they  must 
build  up  strong  library  divisions.  (3)  Legis- 
lation that  will  require  that  candidates  for 
teachers'  certificates  should  be  examined  in 
library  methods  and  a  knowledge  of  children's 
reading.  Teachers  must  be  trained  to  select 
books  wisely,  to  care  for  school  libraries  prop- 
erly, to  direct  into  right  channels  the  reading 
of  pupils,  and  to  take  advantage  of  every  aid 
offered  by  the  state,  the  county,  and  by  local 
public  libraries.  The  teacher  untrained  in  the 
use  of  books  and  other  reading  matter  is  the 
weakest  link  in  the  school  library  chain.  The 
subject  must  be  given  its  proper  place  in  the 
normal  schools,  and  made  to  rank  as  high  as 
algebra,  for  instance,  in  regard  to  time  and 
compulsory  requirements.  In  Wisconsin  after 
Jan.  i,  1915,  all  candidates  for  county  teachers' 
certificates  must  pass  an  examination  in  library 
methods. 

Mr.  E.  M.  Phillips,  rural  school  commis- 
sioner, State  Education  Department,  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  discussed  Mr.  Rice's  paper.  Mr.  Phil- 
lips said  in  part:  "There  can  be  nothing  but 
waste  and  inefficiency  in  establishing  and  up- 
building school  libraries  unless  the  function  of 
selection  be  exercised  by  persons  thoroughly 
trained  to  the  work.  In  1911  the  Legislature 
of  Minnesota  created  the  office  of  supervisor 
of  public  school  libraries  in  the  Department  of 
Education.  Miss  Martha  Wilson,  a  trained  li- 
brarian, has  now  given  two  years  of  splendid 
service,  and  the  results  are  patent.  In  fur- 
therance of  a  plan  to  improve  conditions  as  to 
both  selection  and  use  of  the  library  instruc- 
tion is  given  in  every  teachers'  training  agency 
in  the  state,  from  the  normal  schools  and  the 
college  of  education  down  to  the  summer 
schools  and  institutes.  Everywhere  that  rural 
teachers,  county  superintendents  or  rural 
school  officers  assemble  there  the  supervisor  of 
school  libraries  is  found  ready  to  give  expert 
library  aid  to  the  remotest  rural  district.  A 
most  important  feature  of  the  work  of  the 
supervisor  is  the  compilation  of  carefully  se- 
lected lists  of  books  for  rural  school  libraries, 
elementary  schools  in  general,  and  high 
schools." 

"The  influence  of  the  agricultural  college  on 
the  farmers'  use  of  books"  was  the  topic  dis- 
cussed by  Mr.  William  M.  Hepburn,  of  Purdue 
University,  in  a  paper  full  of  practical  sugges- 
tions. This  paper  was  read  by  Miss  Anna 
Price,  of  Lincoln,  Nebraska.  The  agricul- 
tural college  should  show  the  farmer  how 
books  can  aid  him  professionally.  The  new 
agriculture  demands  that  the  farmer  read 
books*  and  magazines  on  farming.  The  agri- 
cultural college  can  guide  the  farmer  in  his 
selection  and  use  of  the  great  mass  of  free 
bulletins  issued  by  the  government  and  experi- 
ment stations.  It  can  do  this  by  correspond- 
ence or  by  means  of  select  and  annotated  lists 
of  the  best  books  and  bulletins  on  a  given  sub- 
ject. It  can  reach  the  farmer  with  these  lists 
at  county  fairs,  farmers'  institutes  and  asso- 


570 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


ciations,  and  at  the  farmers'  short  courses. 
Much  more  might  be  done  by  exhibitions  of 
books  for  the  farmer  at  all  gatherings  of  farm- 
ers. The  college  should  be  equipped  to  send 
out  "package  libraries"  on  any  given  agricul- 
tural subject.  The  agricultural  college  should 
also  emphasize  the  importance  of  supplying  the 
country  home  with  interesting  and  wholesome 
books  and  magazines.  The  farmer  is  not  yet 
regarded  seriously  as  a  book  purchaser.  One 
fails  to  find  any  advertisements  of  books  even 
in  the  best  farm  papers.  So  far  as  one  can 
judge  by  these  farm  papers,  the  farmers  need 
automobiles,  pianos,  and  victrolas  to  contribute 
to  the  higher  life,  but  not  books.  The  agricul- 
tural college  can  help  to  bring  about  the  time 
when  the  book  shelves  in  the  farm  home  will 
cease  to  contain  only  subscription  books  of 
questionable  value,  and  will  in  their  places 
contain  attractive  books  on  farm,  life,  fiction, 
travel,  biography,  children's  books  and  the 
higher  grade  magazines.  Mr.  Hepburn  urged 
that  agricultural  colleges  should  cooperate  in 
this  work  with  state  library  commissions,  li- 
braries and  local  public  libraries. 

Dr.  Philander  P.  Claxton,  United  States 
Commissioner  of  Education,  closed  the  meet- 
ing by  an  inspiring  address  on  "Libraries  for 
rural  communities,"  in  which  he  asserted  that 
young  people  in  the  country  have  more  time  to 
read  than  do  city  people,  and  if  the  proper  kind 
of  literature  were  furnished  them  they  would 
read  better  books,  more  books  than  the  average 
city  person,  as  there  are  fewer  distractions. 
He  believed  that  every  county  in  the  United 
States  should  either  build  a  library  building  or 
give  space  in  the  county  building  for  a  county 
library. 

On  Thursday  afternoon  a  paper  by  Mr.  Wil- 
lis H.  Kerr,  librarian  of  the  State  Normal 
School,  Emporia,  Kansas,  was  read  at  the  ses- 
sion of  the  Normal  school  department.  Mr. 
Kerr's  topic  was  "The  library  work  that  the 
normal  school  ought  to  do  and  the  influence 
which  it  ought  to  have  in  stimulating  library 
work."  This  paper  aroused  the  interest  of 
several  normal  school  presidents  who  took  part 
in  the  discussion  which  followed. 

On  Friday  morning  the  third  session  of  the 
department  was  called  to  order  in  Unity  Hall. 
Miss  Ida  M.  Mendenhall,  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee on  normal  school  libraries,  presented  a 
most  valuable  report  on  existing  conditions  in 
normal  school  libraries  in  the  United  States 
based  upon  investigation  of  library  conditions 
in  nearly  two  hundred  normal  schools  and  city 
training  schools.  Recommendations  submitted 
for  the  betterment  of  normal  school  libraries 
were  as  follows:  (i)  The  appointment  of  a 
trained  librarian  in  every  normal  and  teach- 
ers' training  school.  (2)  That  library  lessons 
should  be  given  in  the  grades  and  high  schools 
in  order  that  normal  schools  may  specialize  on 
library  courses  for  prospective  teachers.  (3) 
That  colleges  and  universities  should  give  li- 
brary instruction  to  the  end  that  leaders  in  the 


educational  world  may  recognize  the  value  of 
the  school  library.  (4)  That  normal  schools 
in  their  required  library  lessons  should  place 
the  emphasis  on  children's  literature  and  prac- 
tice lessons  and  that  technical  library  instruc- 
tion be  reserved  for  elective  teacher-librarian 
courses.  (5)  That  a  handbook  be  compiled 
and  an  effort  made  by  the  organized  normal 
school  librarians  of  the  United  States  to  se- 
cure its  publication  and  free  distribution  by 
the  Department  of  Education  at  Washington. 
(6)  That  an  effort  be  made  to  bring  about  cen- 
tralized supervision  of  school  libraries  through 
a  school  library  supervisor  in  each  state  and 
one  for  the  whole  of  the  United  States. 

This  report  was  discussed  by  W.  J.  Haw- 
kins, president  of  the  Normal  School  of  War- 
rensburg,  Mo.  Mr.  Hawkins  offered  a  resolu- 
tion that  copies  of  the  report  be  printed  by  the 
National  Educational  Association  and  distrib- 
uted to  all  normal  schools.  The  resolution  was 
unanimously  adopted. 

Miss  Lucile  F.  Fargo,  librarian  of  the  North 
Central  High  School,  Spokane,  read  a  paper 
on  "Training  high  school  students  in  the  use 
of  a  library."  Library  lessons  should  be  made 
an  integral  part  of  the  English  course,  and 
should  be  given  by  the  English  teacher,  with 
the  exception  of  two  or  three  lessons  which 
can  be  better  given  by  the  librarian,  e.g.,  on  the 
card  catalog,  the  classification,  and  on  the  se- 
lection and  buying  of  books  for  a  personal  li- 
brary. Where  it  has  been  tried  pupils  and 
teachers  agree  that  the  library  instruction  is 
the  most  suggestive,  most  interesting  and  most 
useful  form  of  English  work. 

Miss  Sprague  presented  the  report  of  the 
nominating  committee,  which  was  unanimously 
adopted.  The  officers  elected  for  the  ensuing 
year  are:  president,  Mr.  Willis  H.  Kerr,  State 
Normal  School,  Emporia,  Kansas;  vice-presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Philander  P.  Claxton,  Washington, 
D.  C. ;  secretary,  Harriet  A.  Wood,  Public 
Library,  Portland,  Oregon. 

Among  the  recommendations  made  by  the 
committee  on  resolutions  were  the  following: 

Resolved,  That  this  department  deplores  the 
present  frequent  appearance  of  slovenly  writ- 
ten and  carelessly  edited  children's  books,  and 
recommends  to  authors,  editors  and  publishers 
more  careful  consideration  of  the  following 
points : 

a.  Such  simplicity  of  diction  as  will  put  the 

books  within  easy  grasp  of  the  children 
for  whom  they  are  written. 

b.  Accuracy  and  simplicity  of  sentence  struc- 

ture. 

c.  In  general,  the  use  of  such  beautiful,  ac- 

curate, and  appropriate  language  as  will 
aid    rather   than   hinder   the  boys    and 
girls  of  this  country  in  the  formation  of 
a  correct  literary  taste. 
The  committee  also   recommends: 

1.  That  a  committee  on  rural  school  libraries 

be  appointed  by  the  incoming 'president. 

2.  That  the  Library  department  hold  a  ses- 


October,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


571 


sion  at  the  mid-winter  meeting  of  the 
Department  of  superintendence,  or  be 
represented  on  the  general  program  by 
a  speaker  on  a  library  topic. 
3.  That  the  committee  on  resolutions  of  the 
N.  E.  A.  be  requested  to  definitely  in- 
clude in  their  resolutions  the  idea  of  the 
library  as  an  educational  instrumental- 
ity. 

Through  the  generous  cooperation  of  the 
League  of  Library  Commissions  and  many 
public  and  school  libraries,  the  library  exhibit 
this  year  was  the  largest  and  most  compre- 
hensive that  the  National  Education  Associa- 
tion has  ever  held.  For  the  first  time  since 
the  department  has  prepared  an  exhibit  it  was 
given  a  place  in  the  main  N.  E.  A.  exhibit  in- 
stead of  in  the  Public  Library  of  the  city.  It 
was  assigned  about  50  feet  of  wall  space  di- 
rectly after  the  kindergarten  exhibit  in  a  gal- 
lery in  the  main  registration  building,  where 
all  members  of  the  N.  E.  A.  were  expected  to 
register.  In  this  way  a  large  number  of  school 
superintendents  and  teachers  visited  it  who 
would  not  have  gone  out  of  their  way  to  see 
it  in  a  library  building.  Much  of  its  success 
is  due  to  its  careful  and  artistic  arrangement 
by  Miss  Joanna  Sprague,  chairman  of  the  local 
committee  on  the  exhibit,  and  her  care  in  pro- 
viding attendants  who  could  explain  the  ex- 
hibit to  visitors.  Public  library  work  with 
children  was  illustrated  by  photographs,  charts, 
lists,  etc.,  from  the  public  libraries  of  Buffalo, 
Cleveland,  Grand  Rapids,  Newark,  New  York, 
Pittsburgh,  Portland  and  St.  Louis.  An  ex- 
cellent exhibit  of  library  work  with  rural  com- 
munities was  prepared  by  the  League  of  Li- 
brary Commissions,  in  which  28  charts  illus- 
trated what  the  library  commissions  are  doing 
in  the  different  states.  This  aroused  much  in- 
terest among  school  superintendents  from  states 
where  there  is  no  commission,  when  they 
learned  what  a  commission  could  do  for  them 
in  their  work.  The  Minnesota  State  Depart- 
ment of  Public  Instruction  contributed  an  ex- 
hibit of  books  for  rural  school  libraries  and 
copies  of  a  list  of  200  books  for  rural  schools. 
Especially  attractive  and  suggestive  school  li- 
brary exhibits  were  loaned  by  the  Eastern  High 
School  of  Baltimore,  Genesee  Normal  School, 
New  York  State  Education  Department,  New 
York  Slate  Library  School,  Barringer  High 
School,  Newark,  N.  J.,  State  Normal  School  of 
Bloomsburg,  Pa.,  and  the  high  school  branches 
of  Geveland,  Ohio,  and  Portland,  Oregon. 
The  League  of  Library  Commissions  had  on 
exhibition  and  for  sale  inexpensive  library  aids 
for  teachers.  Lists  of  books  for  children  were 
sent  by  many  public  libraries  for  free  distri- 
bution, and  were  much  appreciated  not  only 
by  teachers  from  various  parts  of  the  United 
States,  but  from  Canada,  Africa,  and  several 
European  countries.  An  interesting  result  of 
the  exhibit  was  the  request  received  by  the 
president  from  the  secretary  of  the  Bureau  of 
Conventions  of  the  Panama  Exposition  that 


a  similar  exhibit  be  prepared  for  the  exposi- 
tion in  1915. 

The  members  of  the  Library  department  were 
given  a  farewell  luncheon  at  the  Country  Club, 
where  they  were  delightfully  entertained  by 
the  librarians  of  Salt  Lake  City.  Special  reso- 
lutions of  thanks  were  passed  by  the  Library 
department  for  all  that  was  done  for  the  com- 
fort and  pleasure  of  visiting  libraries  by  Miss 
Esther  Nelson  and  other  members  of  the  local 
committee,  of  which  she  was  chairman. 

Bmerican  Ztbrars  Hssociatton 

A.  L.   A.    COMMITTEE   ON  BINDING. 

The  A.  L.  A.  Committee  on  Binding  now  has 
sample  work  from  33  binders  in  this  country, 
two  binders  in  England  and  one  in  Germany. 
On  application  librarians  can  have  the  opinion 
of  the  committee  regarding  the  work  of  any 
of  these  binders.  If  desired  the  volumes  show- 
ing the  work  of  those  who  have  submitted 
samples  can  be  sent  for  examination. 

A.  L.  BAILEY,  Chairman. 

State  Zi&rar£  associations 

MASSACHUSETTS  LIBRARY  CLUB 

The  eighty-first  meeting  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Library  Club  took  place  at  Williams 
College,  Thursday  to  Saturday,  May  22  to  24, 
1913,  in  connection  with  the  meetings  of  the 
Berkshire  Library  Club  and  the  Western 
Massachusetts  Library  Club.  The  Free  Pub- 
lic Library  Commission  held  a  conference  at 
this  time  also.  The  meetings  were  held  in 
Grace  Hall,  Jesup  Hall,  and  the  auditorium 
of  the  Thompson  Biological  Laboratory. 

The  first  session  opened  with  an  organ 
recital  by  Mr.  Sumner  Salter,  director  of 
music  at  Williams  College.  Two  addresses 
of  welcome,  given  by  President  Harry  A. 
Garfield,  of  Williams  College  and  President 
Charles  F.  D.  Belden,  of  the  Massachusetts 
Library  Club,  were  followed  by  a  paper  on 
"The  relation  of  public  libraries  to  college 
libraries,"  by  Mr.  John  A.  Lowe,  librarian  of 
Williams  College.  Mr.  Lowe  outlined  a  broad 
policy  for  both  types  of  libraries  to  pursue, 
somewhat  in  the  following  words: 

"If  we  take  as  education  'the  gradual  adjust- 
ment to  the  spiritual  possessions  of  the  race,' 
the  library  holds  a  vital  place  in  education. 
This  scholarly  aim  is  common  both  to  the  pub- 
lic and  college  library.  The  old  tradition  of  a 
college  library  as  a  store  house  is  breaking 
down,  and  its  work  is  becoming  one  of  exten- 
sion. The  college  library  is  one  of  a  private 
corporation,  but  it  is  coming  to  see  that 
'ownership  is  trusteeship*  and  colleges  are 
anxious  to  pay  the  debt  they  owe  the  common- 
wealth. Why  not  have  more  active  co-opera- 
tion between  college  and  public  libraries?  Let 
the  college  libraries  supply  all  sorts  of  special 


572 


THE   LIBRARY   JOURNAL 


[Octoba,  1913 


and  unusual  books  which  would  not  be  prac- 
tical for  the  public  library,  and  duplicate  copies 
of  books  when  they  are  not  in  reserve  or 
needed  for  classroom  work.  Two  important 
ways  in  which  the  public  library  can  help  an 
educational  institution  are  in  giving  definite 
instruction  to  high  school  students  in  the  use 
of  library  resources,  and  by  inspiring  scholarly 
methods  and  love  of  higher  education  and  cul- 
ture. This  co-operative  movement  between 
public  and  college  libraries  will  react  upon  the 
community  only  for  good.  By  it  a  larger 
service  will  be  rendered  to  the  public." 

Following  the  paper  by  Mr.  Lowe,  Prof. 
Carroll  L.  Maxcy,  of  the  department  of 
rhetoric  of  Williams  College,  gave  his  lecture 
on  Artemus  Ward,  which  was  listened  to  with 
much  interest.  The  humor  of  both  the  lec- 
turer and  his  subject  was  a  welcome  diverg- 
ence from  the  usual  professional  character  of 
the  papers  given. 

The  first  number  Friday  was  a  convincing 
address  reprinted  elsewhere  in  this  issue  of  the 
LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  on  "What  the  library  can  do 
for  our  foreign-born,"  by  John  Foster  Carr,  au- 
thor of  "Guide  to  the  United  States  for  im- 
migrants." 

Mr.  Carr  was  followed  by  Miss  J.  Maud 
Campbell,  of  Boston,  formerly  of  the  public 
library  of  Passaic,  N.  J.,  who  spoke  on  "What 
the  foreigner  had  done  for  one  library." 

Following  this  address,  Mr.  Belden  an- 
nounced that  Gov.  Foss  had  just  signed  a  bill 
providing  for  a  state  commission  to  take 
charge  of  this  work  with  foreigners.  Where- 
upon the  Chair  announced  a  "committee  on 
library  problems  with  foreigners"  with  power 
to  enlarge  membership. 

Mr.  William  B.  Clarke,  a  bookseller  of 
Boston,  was  then  introduced  and  gave  an  in- 
formal talk  upon  the  business  of  book-selling. 
The  whole  tenor  of  his  speech  was  to  show  the 
impossibility  of  a  profit  on  the  sale  of  new 
books  to  libraries. 

A  report  from  the  "committee  on  co-opera- 
tion" was  then  read  by  Miss  Louisa  M. 
Hooper,  of  Brookline,  secretary  of  the  com- 
mittee. It  is  proposed  to  divide  the  libraries 
of  the  whole  state  of  Massachusetts  into  small 
groups,  each  group  having  one  library  as  a 
center,  whose  librarian  shall  be  a  sort  of  local 
secretary  for  her  group.  It  has  been  found 
necessary  to  vary  the  number  of  libraries  in 
each  group  according  to  the  exigencies  of  the 
case.  Geographical  peculiarities  and  especially 
transportation  facilities  have  of  necessity  much 
to  do  with  the  grouping,  as  it  seems  desirable 
to  make  informal  neighborhood  meetings  one 
of  the  results  of  the  plan.  Each  member  of 
our  committee  has  been  asked  to  divide  a  cer- 
tain portion  of  the  state  and  to  obtain  the  con- 
sent of  the  local  secretaries  to  serve.  At  this 
time  most  of  the  final  reports  have  been  re- 
ceived showing  the  division  of  all  of  central 
and  western  Massachusetts,  and  we  hope  very 
soon  to  complete  our  survey. 

We  propose  to  send  a  letter  to  each  local 
secretary  suggesting  various  ways  in  which  the 


libraries  in  her  group  may  be  mutually  helpful. 
The  following  are  some  of  the  results  which 
the   committee  hopes  may   follow   from  these 
informal  organizations. 

1.  Mutual   visiting  among  the  libraries  of 
a   group,   possibly   occasional   informal    meet- 
ings to  discuss  some  subject  of  common  inter- 
est, and  to  stimulate  interest  in  common  ends. 

2.  Mutual  assistance  in  solving  difficult  li- 
brary problems.    Especially  would  the  smaller 
libraries  of  a  group  look  to  a  larger  one  for 
assistance  in  various  ways.    The  larger  library 
might  even  offer  to  give  personal  help,  either 
through  the  librarian  or  an  assistant  in  settling 
some  difficult  point.     Should  books  be  event- 
ually included  in  the  parcel  post  system  the 
inter-library  loan  of  books  might  prove  more 
possible    than    under    the    present    prohibitive 
rates. 

3.  Increased  attendance  at  library  meetings 
owing  to  the  added  interest  of  going  with  some 
library  friend,  or  of  surely  meeting  some  li- 
brary acquaintances  at  the  meeting. 

4.  The  local  secretary,  as  suggested  by  Mr. 
Belden,  could  in  some  cases,  serve  to  keep  the 
Commission  more  in  touch  with  the  small  li- 
braries of  her  group,  she  could  serve  in  a  way 
as  a  voluntary  visitor  for  the  Commission. 

The  results  to  be  desired  are  greater  effi- 
ciency of  the  libraries  concerned,  but  through 
the  most  informal  and  friendly  of  methods. 

The  committee  will  be  glad  of  any  help 
which  you  can  give  in  developing  a  plan  which 
we  realize  is  still  only  a  plan,  but  which  seems 
to  have  great  possibilities  of  usefulness. 

Resolutions  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Ayer,  of 
Cambridge,  which  occurred  April  12,  1913, 
were  then  read  by  Miss  Elizabeth  P.  Thurston. 

A  "finance  committee"  was  appointed  by  the 
Chair,  with  power  to  enlarge  membership. 

The  morning  session  closed  with  the  nomi- 
nation of  the  following  officers  for  1913-1914: 
president,  Mr.  Drew  B.  Hall,  Public  Library, 
Somerville ;  vice-presidents,  Mr.  J.  Randolph 
Coolidge,  jr.,  Trustee,  Boston  Athenaeum; 
Miss  Mabel  Temple,  Public .  Library,  North 
Adams;  Miss  Alice  G.  White,  Thomas  Crane 
Public  Library,  Quincy;  ex-president,  Mr. 
Charles  F.  D..  Belden,  State  Library,  Boston ; 
secretary,  Mr.  John  G.  Moulton.  Public  Li- 
brary, Haverhill ;  treasurer,  Mr.  George  L. 
Lewis,  Westfield  Athenaeum;  recorder,  Miss 
Eugenia  M.  Henry,  Public  Library,  Attle- 
borough. 

The  Friday  afternoon  meeting  was  in  charge 
of  the  Berkshire  Library  Club  and  the  Western 
Massachusetts  Library  Cub.  The  election  of 
officers  of  the  Berkshire  Library  Club  was 
postponed  until  fall.  The  business  meeting  of 
the  Western  Massachusetts  Library  Club  re- 
sulted in  the  election  of  the  following  officers 
for  the  year  1913-1914:  president,  Miss  Bertha 
E.  Blakely,  Mount  Holyoke  College  Library; 
vice-president,  Mr.  J.  L.  Harrison,  Forbes  Li- 
brary, Northampton;  Miss  Lucy  F.  Curtis, 
Public  Library,  Williamstown ;  secretary,  Miss 
Alice  Moore,  City  Library,  Springfield;  treas- 


October,.  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


573 


urer,  Miss  Bertha  Gilligan,  Public  Library, 
Holyoke;  recorder,  Mr.  James  A.  Lowell,  City 
Library,  Springfield. 

Mr.  Harlan  H.  Ballard,  of  the  Berkshire 
Athenaeum,  spoke  on  "Co-operation  in  library 
work"  and  told  of  two  interesting  experiments 
which  are  being  tried  between  the  Athenaeum 
and  libraries  in  Berkshire  County. 

i.  The  inter-library  loan  system.  The 
trustees  of  the  Berkshire  Athenaeum  had  de- 
cided to  admit  any  town  in  the  county  to 
privilege  of  an  inter-library  loan  card  upon  the 
payment  of  an  annual  fee  of  five  dollars.  Last 
fall  the  state  commission  offered  to  pay  the 
annual  fee  for  1913  for  any  small  library 
which  desired  the  use  of  books.  The  offer 
was  accepted  by  thirteen  libraries.  The 
Athenaeum  is  not  pledged  to  lend  more  than 
two  books  at  a  time,  recent  fiction,  or  books 
which  ought  to  be  retained  in  the  library. 
_  2.  A  free  circulating  library  of  recent  fic- 
tion. By  the  liberality  of  Miss  Sohier  a  sum 
of  money  was  furnished  for  the  purchase  of 
books  for  this  plan.  The  libraries  had  the 
privilege  of  this  library  on  payment  of  one 
dollar  yearly  and  the  postage  of  books  to  the 
next  town  on  the  list.  One  new  book  is  sent 
to  each  library  every  two  months  from  Pitts- 
field  and  this  book,  after  making  the  rounds 
of  the  six  libraries  which  accepted,  is  the 
property  of  the  first  library.  Thus  each  library 
has  the  use  of  one  new  book  every  two 
months'  and  also  those  that  come  fromi  the 
library  preceding  it  on  the  list. 

Next  on  the  program  was  Miss  Mafred  N. 
Rice,  of  Pittsfield,  who  told  very  interestingly 
the  story  of  "King  Renee's  Daughter,"  illus- 
trating story-telling  work  with  children. 

The  roll  call  of  libraries  requesting  two 
minute  responses  on  "The  most  interesting 
thing  done  in  our  library  the  past  year,"  which 
was  conducted  by  Mr.  Charles  R.  Green, 
brought  out  responses  from  six  librarians. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Ballard  it  was  voted  to 
extend  a  vote  of  thanks  to  Mr.  Lowe  and  to 
Williams  College  for  the  use  of  its  grounds 
and  buildings  and  for  the  hospitable  treat- 
ment received  at  their  hands. 

Following  this  meeting,  President  and  Mrs. 
Garfield  received  the  members  of  the  club  with 
most  cordial  hospitality  in  their  fine  old  col- 
onial house,  an  event  which  was  to  many  the 
most  delightful  of  the  whole  session. 

Trie  Friday  evening  session  took  place  at 
the  Greylock  headquarters  on  account  of  the 
rain,  at  which  Dr.  Philip  S.  Moxom,  of 
Springfield,  gave  a  deeply  thoughtful  address 
on  "The  educated  man." 

The  convention  closed  Saturday  morning 
with  the  conference  of  the  Free  Public  Li- 
brary Commission,  in  charge  of  Miss  Brown, 
agent  of  the  Commission.  Miss  Brown,  in  her 
usual  interesting  way,  gave  a  practical  talk  on 
"Librarians,  trustees,  and  the  field  agent," 
which  was  of  special  value  to  librarians  of 
small  libraries.  This  was  followed  by  a  book- 


mending  demonstration  by  Miss  Ruby  Tilling- 
hast,  of  the  Commission,  and  only  those  who 
were  fortunate  enough  to  be  present  can 
know  how  entertaining  as  well  as  instructive 
this  subject  was  made. 

LAILA  A.  McNEiL,  Recorder. 

MICHIGAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

The  23d  annual  meeting  of  the  Michigan 
Library  Association  was  held  in  Muskegon,  in 
connnection  with  the  Hackley  Public  Library, 
Tuesday-Thursday,  Sept.  9-11,  in  the  lecture 
room  of  the  Hackley  Art  Gallery. 

The  library  committee  of  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation and  Miss  Lulu  F.  Miller,  the  librarian, 
were  most  hospitable  and  untiring  in  their  ef- 
forts for  the  comfort  and  entertainment  of 
their  guests.  An  informal  reception  in  the  Art 
Gallery  on  Tuesday  evening,  when  a  program 
of  music  was  given,  and  an  automobile  ride 
with  luncheon  at  the  Country  Club  on  Wed- 
nesday afternoon  were  social  entertainments 
given  by  the  board  and  much  enjoyed. 

At  the  first  session  on  Tuesday  evening  there 
was  a  cordial  address  of  welcome  from  Mr. 
William  Carpenter,  president  of  the  Muskegon 
Board  of  Education,  with  a  happy  response 
from  Mrs.  Anne  F.  MacDonnell,  of  Bay  City, 
the  president  of  the  association. 

The  address  of  the  evening  was  by  Mr.  H.  R. 
Pattengill,  president  of  the  State  Board  of 
Library  Commissioners,  who  gave  one  of  his 
characteristic  addresses  on  "The  school  out  of 
school."  The  use  of  the  book  outside  in  the 
world  (outside  of  the  school  room),  and  es- 
pecially the  librarians'  part  in  helping  to  bring 
results  from  the  reading  of  books,  was  clearly 
emphasized.  "Don't  rack  your  fodder  too 
high"  and  "Hitch  your  wagon  to  a  star,  not  on 
a  star"  were  homely  cautions  that  were  well 
understood  and  appreciated. 

The  library  situation  in  the  upper  peninsula 
was  well  described  in  a  paper  by  Miss  Lois  A. 
Spencer,  of  Menominee,  who  outlined  the  con- 
ditions and  activities  in  the  libraries  of  the  up- 
per peninsula  as  she  saw  them  while  making  a 
recent  survey.  The  paper  ended  with  a  cordial 
invitation  for  the  association  to  come  to  Meno- 
minee in  1914,  where  it  might  be  possible  for 
the  Wisconsin  Association  to  meet  with  us. 

On  Wednesday  evening  Mr.  Raymond  Wyer, 
director  of  the  Hackley  Art  Gallery,  gave  a 
talk  on  "Public  libraries  and  art  development." 
Mr.  Wyer  regards  the  purchasing  of  a  book  on 
the^  part  of  a  librarian  for  a  public  library  as 
serious  a  responsibility  as  the  purchasing  of  a 
picture  for  a  public  art  gallery.  The  oppor- 
tunity of  librarians  and  art  directors  to  mould 
and  elevate  public  taste  he  regards  as  much 
the  same. 

The  Best  Book  Session  on  Thursday  morn- 
ing was  an  extremely  interesting  one.  Ten 
people  gave  lo-minute  talks  on  some  subject  in 
which  they  were  personally  interested.  Not 
good  books  recommended  in  some  bibliogra- 


574 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


phy,  but  books  that  they  knew  had  worked  out 
and  brought  results  from  their  own  experience. 

In  arranging  for  this  session,  it  was  not  a 
case  of  fitting  the  subject  to  a  person,  but 
rather  asking  persons  to  tell  about  the  books 
on  subjects  on  which  they  are  familiar. 

Thus  Miss  Andrews  is  a  practical  musician; 
Miss  Thompson  has  had  experience  in  gar- 
dening; Rev.  Mr.  Haddon  has  traveled  over 
the  Rhine  country  and  returned  enthralled 
by  its  spell;  Miss  Rhoades  is  an  ardent  sup- 
porter of  woman's  suffrage;  Mr.  Sanborn 
feels  keenly  the  responsibility  of  librarians  in 
the  matter  of  choosing  suitable  books  on  the 
subject  of  sex  education;  Miss  Converse  trav- 
eled abroad  keeping  in  mind  that  she  most  de- 
sired to  see  how  people  in  foreign  countries 
employed  their  leisure ;  Mrs.  Ranck  is  a  mother 
who  has  read  many  books  on  the  subject  of 
babies  and  knows  which  are  practical ;  Miss 
Climie  has  assisted  the  teachers  of  Battle  Creek 
in  their  efforts  toward  vocational  guidance; 
Miss  Savage  belonged  to  a  club  which  read 
plays;  and  Miss  Jewell  is  a  most  successful 
story-teller. 

Lists  of  these  books  were  printed  for  the 
association  by  the  State  Board  of  Library 
Commissioners.  Their  being  in  the  hands  of 
the  audience  when  the  papers  were  read  was 
greatly  appreciated. 

Thursday  afternoon  two  papers  were  read 
on  "The  attitude  of  the  library  toward  modern 
drama."  The  dramatic  editor's  point  of  view 
was  given  by  Mr.  Arthur  W.  Stace,  of  the 
Grand  Rapids  Evening  Press,  who  feels  most 
emphatically  that  the  library  has  an  unmis- 
taken  duty  in  the  matter.  Mr.  John  S.  Cleav- 
inger,  of  Jackson,  gave  the  librarian's  point  of 
view,  which  although  looking  at  it  at  another 
angle  arrived  at  much  the  same  conclusion. 
Both  papers  were  unusually  valuable.  They 
mention  a  large  number  of  titles  of  plays,  some 
recommended  and  some  discouraged,  and  why. 

A  final  fairy  touch  was  given  to  this  after- 
noon by  Mrs.  Gudrun  Thorne-Thomsen,  of  the 
School  of  Education,  University  of  Chicago, 
who  talked  upon  fairy  tales.  She  told  how 
complete  and  fine  a  thing  a  good  fairy  tale  is, 
pointing  out  its  component  parts  and  compar- 
ing it  in  structure  to  a  good  novel.  The  audi- 
ence was  held  spellbound  as  little  children 
while  she  told  several  fairy  tales. 

Thursday  evening  Mrs.  Thomsen  spoke  on 
"The  educational  value  of  literature  to  chil- 
dren." She  said,  "The  story  must  find  the 
quiet  way  that  leads  to  the  heart  of  the  child. 
Librarians  as  story  tellers  and  directors  of 
children's  reading  have  the  best  opportunity  to 
present  the  finest  literature  that  there  is  to  be 
found,  and  to  present  it  in  such  a  way  that  it 
will  give  joy  to  the  children." 

This  motion  carried:  Moved  that  it  is  the 
sense  of  this  meeting  that  this  association  ap- 
prove the  amendment  to  its  constitution  as  sub- 
mitted treating  of  the  relations  of  the  Amer- 
ican Library  Association  and  the  Michigan 


Library  Association,  and  to  put  it  into  imme- 
diate operation.  To  this  end  a  representative 
of  this  association  shall  be  chosen  at  this  meet- 
ing to  serve  on  the  Council  of  the  American 
Library  Association,  and  the  treasurer  in- 
structed to  pay  the  necessary  fees  before  the 
next  regular  meeting  of  the  American  Library 
Association.  The  amendment  to  constitution 
affiliation  with  A.  L.  A.  shall  be  presented  at 
the  next  annual  meeting  of  this  association  for 
final  consideration  and  adoption. 

Resolved,  That  the  proposed  tax  on  works 
in  foreign  languages  is  prejudicial  to  the  edu- 
cational interests  of  the  country. 

New  emcers  elected :  president,  Theodore  W. 
Koch,  librarian  University  of  Michigan;  first 
vice-president,  Mrs.  E.  S.  Grierson,  Calumet 
and  Hecla  Library,  Calumet ;  second  vice- 
president,  John  S.  Cleavinger,  Jackson  P.  L. ; 
secretary,  Annie  A.  Pollard,  Grand  Rapids  P. 
L. ;  treasurer,  Jessie  C.  Chase,  Detroit  P.  L. ; 
delegate  to  the  American  Library  Association 
Council,  G.  M.  Walton,  Ypsilanti,  librarian 
State  Normal  College. 

KEYSTONE    STATE   LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Keystone  State 
Library  Association  will  be  held  in  Erie,  Oct. 
9  and  10,  1913.  The  Lawrence  Hotel  has 
been  selected  as  headquarters,  and  a  very  in- 
teresting and  profitable  program  is  being  pre- 
pared, to  which  there  should  be  a  large  turn- 
out of  library  people. 

The  management  has  given  the  following 
rates  on  the  European  plan : 

Single  rooms,  $2  to  $2.50.  (Every  room  has  a 
bath.) 

Rooms  for  two  or  more  persons,  $1.75  to  $2.25 
for  each  person. 

Club  breakfast,   35   cents. 

Club    luncheon,    50    cents. 

Table    d'hote   dinner,    75   cents. 

Those  who  expect  to  attend  the  meetings  are 
urged  to  send  a  post  card  at  once  to  the  secre- 
tary, Mrs.  Jean  A.  Hard,  Public  Library,  Erie, 
who  will  engage  rooms  at  the  hotel  in  order  in 
which  applications  are  received. 

The  meetings  are  kept  within  the  limit  of 
two  days,  Thursday  and  Friday,  in  order  to 
accommodate  those  who  must  return  home  Fri- 
day night.  It  is  hoped,  however,  that  many 
can  remain  at  least  for  Saturday  morning,  in 
order  to  see  something  of  Erie  and  the  lake 
shore  country,  and  to  visit  the  places  of  his- 
torical interest,  or  make  a  trip  to  the  Weiss 
Library,  eight  miles  south  of  Erie,  which  is  a 
most  interesting  example  of  a  rural  library,  lo- 
cated far  from  any  village. 

The  Thursday  afternoon  session,  which  will 
be  held  at  the  Country  Club  on  the  lake  shore, 
is  to  be  devoted  to  papers  and  discussions  on 
recent  books.  Mr.  Charles  Lose,  superintend- 
ent of  schools  at  Williamsport,  Miss  Alice  R. 
Eaton,  of  Harrisburg,  Mr.  Charles  E.  Wright, 
of  Duquesne,  and  Miss  Blanche  Mcllvaine,  of 
Oakmont. 

On  Friday  afternoon  our  state  librarian,  Mr. 


October,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


575 


Thomas  L.  Montgomery,  will  give  a  survey  of 
the  libraries  of  Pennsylvania,  to  be  followed 
by  brief  accounts  of  the  Darby  Library  and  of 
the  Abington  Free  Library  at  Jenkintown,  two 
of  the  oldest  libraries  in  the  state. 

The  rest  9f  the  Friday  afternoon  session  will 
be  devoted  to  the  work  of  school  and  college 
libraries  and  will  be  conducted  by  Mr.  Frank 
G.  Lewis,  librarian  of  the  Crozer  Theological 
Seminary.  Mr.  Walter  C.  Green,  librarian  of 
the  Meadville  Theological  School,  will  speak 
on  "Library  cooperation  in  a  college  town," 
and  there  will  be  papers  by  Miss  M.  E.  Mitch- 
ell, librarian  of  Westminster  College,  Miss 
Mary  A.  True,  of  the  Clarion  State  Normal 
School,  Miss  Fanny  E.  Lowes,  of  Washington 
and  Jefferson  College,  with  opportunity  for 
Round  Table  discussion. 

MISSOURI  AND   KANSAS  LIBRARY   ASSOCIA- 
TION 

The  following  is  the  program  of  the  Missouri 
and  Kansas  Library  Association  meeting,  Oct. 
22-24  • 

WEDNESDAY    AFTERNOON,    OCT.    22 

First  joint  session — 3  o'clock 

Address   of  welcome,  Rabbi   Louis   Bernstein, 

St.  Joseph. 

Response,  Mrs.  Nellie  G.  Beatty,  Lawrence. 
Address,  "The  keynote,"  Mr.  James  L.  King, 

Topeka. 


Banquet. 


WEDNESDAY    EVENING,    OCT.    22 

Social  session — 7.30  o'clock 

THURSDAY  MORNING,  OCT.  23 


Separate  business  session — 9.30  o'clock 

Kansas  Library  Association — Art  Room. 
Missouri  Library  Association — Auditorium. 

Section  meetings — 10.30  o'clock 

Small  Libraries  Round  Table — Art  Room. 
Leader — Miss  Mary  E.  Ahern,  Chicago. 
Subjects: 

Books  for  the  farmer  and  his  home. 
Best  books  of  the  year. 
Arousing  a  life  long  love  for  good  books 

in  children. 

Deposit  collections  in  rural  school  build- 
ings. 

Miscellaneous. 

Large  Libraries  Round  Table — Auditorium. 
Leader— Dr.  A.  E.  Bostwick,  St.  Louis. 
Subjects: 
Practical  care  of  pamphlets,  clippings  and 

pictures. 

The  sex  problem  in  the  selection  of  juve- 
nile books. 

The    typewriter,    rotary    neostyle,    multi- 
graph,    writer    press,    cameograph    and 
kinetoscope  as  librarian's  tools. 
Branches  in  city  school  buildings. 
Miscellaneous. 


College  and  University  Libraries  Round  Table 

—  Board  Room. 

Leader  —  Mr.  Willis  H.  Kerr,  Emporia. 
Subj  ects  : 

Encouragement  of  the  ownership  of  books. 
Inspirational  reading  for  students. 
Deposit  collections  in  boarding  houses,  fra- 

ternities and  dormitories. 
Miscellaneous. 

THURSDAY    AFTERNOON,    OCT.    23 

Second  joint  session  —  2.30  o'clock 
Address,  "American  ideals  in  fiction,"  Dr.  J. 
W.  Hudson,  University  of  Missouri,  Colum- 
bia. 

Social  session  —  4  o'clock 
Reception. 

THURSDAY  EVENING,  OCT.  23 

Third  joint  session  —  8.30  o'clock 
Address,  Miss  Mary  E.  Ahern,  Chicago. 

FRIDAY    MORNING,    OCT.    24 

Fourth  joint  session  —  9.30  o'clock 

The  Assistants'  Hour: 
"Trials  and  tribulations  of  an  assistant,"  Miss 

Kate  E.  Dinsmoor,  Topeka. 
"What  an  assistant  expects  of  a  librarian," 

Miss  Lenore  Weissenborn,  St.  Louis. 
"Just    suppose,"    Miss    Martha    Brown,    St. 

Joseph. 
Response,  by  a  librarian. 

FRIDAY  AFTERNOON,  OCT.   24. 

Separate  business  session  —  2.30  o'clock 

Kansas  Library  Association  —  Art  Room. 
Missouri  Library  Association  —  Auditorium. 

Fifth  joint  session  —  3  o'clock 

"Eugene  Field,  who  made  St.  Joseph  famous," 
Mr.  Purd  B.  Wright,  Kansas  City. 

"Some  friendly  and  almost  forgotten  books," 
Dr.  J.  W.  Larson,  College  of  Agriculture, 
Manhattan. 


Sdbools  anfc  Uratnina 
Classes 


NEW    YORK    STATE    LIBRARY    SCHOOL 
ALUMNI    NOTES 

Miss  Jessie  P.  Boswell,  'o4-'o5,  who  has 
been  cataloging  at  Indiana  University,  has  re- 
signed to  accept  a  position  with  the  Cincin- 
nati Municipal  Reference  Bureau. 

Miss  Edna  D.  Bullock,  B.  L.  S.  '95,  has  been 
engaged  to  organize  the  library  of  Western 
Theological  Seminary,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  and 
will  begin  her  duties  there  October  i. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Dunham,  'o2-'o4,  has  resigned 
her  position  as  librarian  of  the  Iowa  State 
Teachers'  College,  Cedar  Falls,  to  return  to 
Indiana  University  Library  as  reference  li- 
brarian. 


576 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


Miss  Clara  S.  Hawes,  '94,  is  cataloging  and 
reorganizing  the  library  of  the  East  Haddam 
and  Moodus  Library  Association,  Connecticut. 

Miss  Alice  I.  Hazeltine,  'oi-'o2,  has  re- 
signed her  position  as  first  assistant  in  the 
children's  department  and  training  school  of 
the  Carnegie  Library  of  Pittsburgh  and  will 
go  to  the  Buffalo  Public  Library,  October  i, 
as  supervisor  of  branch  libraries. 

Mr.  Willard  P.  Lewis,  B.  L.  S.  '13,  has  been 
appointed  librarian  of  the  Albany  Central 
Y.  M.  C.  A. 

Miss  Fanny  E.  Marquand,  B.  L.  S.  '10,  has 
resigned  her  position  in  the  catalog  depart- 
ment of  the  Cleveland  Public  Library  to  suc- 
ceed Miss  Lois  A.  Reed  as  assistant  librarian 
of  the  University  of  Rochester. 

Miss  Marie  K.  Pidgeon,  'i2-'i3,  has  been 
appointed  assistant  in  the  New  York  State 
Library. 

Miss-  Josephine  T.  Sackett,  '13,  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  succeed  Miss  Joanna  G.  Strange  as 
assistant  in  the  reference  department  of  the 
Carnegie  Library  at  Pittsburgh. 

Miss  Joanna  G.  Strange,  B.  L.  S.  '08,  has 
resigned  her  position  as  first  assistant  in  the 
reference  department  of  the  Carnegie  Library, 
Pittsburgh,  to  take  charge  of  the  reference 
department  of  the  Detroit  Public  Library. 

MICHIGAN  STATE  LIBRARY  TRAINING 
CLASSES 

The  library  training  classes  carried  on  un- 
der the  auspices  of  the  State  Library  and  the 
State  Board  of  Library  Commissioners  in  the 
normal  schools  at  Kalamazoo  and  Marquette, 
the  Ferris  Institute  at  Big  Rapids,  and  at  the 
Bay  View  Assembly  closed  Aug.  15  with  very 
encouraging  results. 

The  class  at  the  Kalamazoo  Normal,  Miss 
Esther  Braley  instructor,  enrolled  25  pupils,  of 
whom  one  was  a  high  school  teacher,  1 1  teach- 
ers in  the  elementary  grades,  n  teachers  in  the 
rural  schools,  and  2  were  normal  school  stu- 
dents. The  course  was  conducted  on  the  same 
lines  as  in  other  years,  including  five  lectures 
on  children's  literature  by  Miss  Marian  P. 
Greene,  of  the  New  York  Public  Library. 

The  class  at  Marquette  Normal,  Miss  "Marie 
A.  Newberry  instructor,  enrolled  25  students. 
Miss  Greene's  lectures  were  given  before  the 
class  and  two  were  given  before  the  general 
assembly.  A  story  hour  for  children  was  held 
and  attended  by  a  large  number  of  students. 

The  class  at  the  Ferris  Institute,  Big  Rapids, 
Miss  Florence  Hopkins  instructor,  enrolled  81 
pupils.  Four  classes  were  held  each  day,  and 
during  the  last  week  a  fifth  session  was  held 
for  pupils  doing  special  work.  The  children's 
lectures  were  given  by  Miss  Greene,  and  were 
largely  attended.  An  unique  feature  of  this 
work  was  the  invitation  extended  to  the  chil- 
dren of  Big  Rapids  for  the  story  hour.  This 
was  largely  attended  both  by  children  and 
adults. 

The  extension  of  the  work  this  year  was  the 


class  at  Bay  View,  Miss  Mabel  C.  True  in- 
structor, Miss  Elizabeth  Ronan  assistant.  Spe- 
cial lectures  were  given  by  Miss  Edna  White- 
man,  director  of  children's  work  in  the  Car- 
negie Library  at  Pittsburgh.  Special  attention 
was  paid  here  to  the  equipment,  which  was 
most  complete,  including  a  collection  of  500 
of  the  best  books  for  children,  a  graded  school 
library,  special  libraries  on  boy  scouts,  nature 
study,  pedagogy  and  hygiene.  A  collection  of 
the  framed  pictures  loaned  to  schools,  includ- 
ing the  Holy  Grail  pictures,  was  exhibited. 
An  interesting  detail  of  this  meeting  was  that 
one  visitor  announced  his  intention  of  buying 
the  entire  collection  of  500  volumes  in  the 
library  of  best  books  for  children.  Miss 
Whiteman  gave  12  lectures  on  children's  books, 
and  the  story  telling  was  listened  to  by  a  large 
audience.  A  class  of  fifty  took  the  two  weeks' 
instruction  given  by  Miss  Whiteman  in  chil- 
dren's books. 

During  the  present  summer  134  students 
took  the  library  course.  The  most  satisfying 
feature  of  this  work  is  that  at  least  two-thirds 
of  the  students  were  teachers  or  librarians, 
who  went  away  with  larger  ideas  of  the  im- 
portance of  the  influence  of  the  library,  even 
in  the  smallest  communities.  The  county  com- 
missioners of  schools  have  been  especially  ap- 
preciative, and  our  purpose  this  year  is  to 
place  a  traveling  library  in  the  office  of  each 
commissioner,  in  order  that  the  teachers  may 
examine  the  books  and  select  libraries  more 
intelligently.  During  the  past  year  25,000  books 
have  been  circulated  in  the  state  through  the 
traveling  libraries  to  rural  schools,  granges, 
farmers'  clubs  and  other  associations,  900 
framed  pictures  were  loaned  to  schools,  and 
3000  unframed  pictures  to  women's  clubs. 

DREXEL   INSTITUTE   LIBRARY   SCHOOL 

The  Drexel  Institute  Library  School  opened 

Sept.  29  with   19  students,   10  of  whom  were 

from  Pennsylvania. 
Jessie  W.  Bingham,  Chicago,  111. 

*S.   Helen  Burns,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

Catherine  M.  Guilford,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Helen  L.  Johnston,  Haverford,  Pa. 

Mary  B.  Latta,  Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia. 

Fanny  M.  Libby,  West  Roxbury,  Mass.     B.A. 
Smith  College,   1912. 

Mary  R.  Lingenfelter,  Williamsport,  Pa. 

Margaret  T.  Parker,  Chestnut  Hill,  Philadel- 
phia. 

*Marian  M.  Pierce,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

Maud  A.  Pratt,  Reynoldsville,  Pa.    A.B.  Alle- 
gheny College,  191©. 

Agnes   E.  Ryan,  Anaconda,   Montana.     B.  A. 
University  of  Michigan,  1909. 

Agnes  W.  Schultze,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

Gretta  M.  Smith,  Maquoketa,  la.    A.  B.  Grin- 
nell  College,  1911. 

Evelyn  Somerville,  Aliceville,  Ala.     M.S.  Uni- 
versity of  Alabama,  1009. 

Elizabeth  W.  Steptoe,  Taylorsville,  Va. 

*  Part    time    students. 


October,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


577 


Maud  I.  Stull,  Canton,  Pa. 

Leonore  A.  Tafel,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Clara  L.  Voigt,  Columbia,  S.  C.  A.B.  Eliza- 
beth College,  1907. 

Glauce  Wilson,  Baltimore,  Md.  'Queen's  Uni- 
versity, Canada. 

WESTERN  RESERVE    UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 
SCHOOL 

.    ALUMNI   NOTES 

Mrs.  Amy  S.  Hobart,  '06,  librarian  of  the  Sta- 
tions Department  of  the  Cleveland  Public 
Library,  has  been  appointed  librarian  of  the 
Woodland  Branch. 

Bertha  R.  Barden,  '07,  has  resigned  her  posi- 
tion as  instructor  in  cataloging  and  reviser 
at  the  Western  Reserve  Library  School  to 
accept  the  position  of  cataloger  in  the  St. 
Paul  Public  Library. 

Louise  C.  Sadlier,  '07,  has  severed  her  business 
connection  with  the  Electric  Shop  of  Cleve- 
land, and  has  been  appointed  librarian  of  the 
Cpllinwood  Branch  of  the  Cleveland  Public 
Library. 

Wilda  C.  Strong,  '09,  was  married  in  June  to 
Dr.  Martin  W.  Peck,  and  is  now  living  in 
Lynn,  Mass. 

Thirza  E.  Grant,  '08,  has  resigned  her  position 
as  instructor  in  cataloging,  accession  and 
shelf  department  work  at  Western  Reserve 
University  Library  School,  to  accept  a  posi- 
tion in  the  State  Normal  College  Library  at 
Ypsilanti,  Mich. 

Nora  C.  Levinger,  '09,  was  married  in  June  to 
Mr.  John  William  Moore,  of  Lakewood, 
Ohio. 

Myrtle  Sweetman,  '09,  has  resigned  her  posi- 
tion as  first  assistant  in  the  Miles  Park 
Branch  of  the  Cleveland  Public  Library  to 
return  to  her  home  in  Dayton,  O.,  where 
she  will  take  up  library  work  in  the  near 
future. 

Cecelia  Lewis,  '09,  has  resigned  ber  position  as 
assistant  in  the  Children's  Department  of 
the  Cleveland  Public  Library  and  returned 
to  her  home  in  Buffalo,  having  been  ap- 
pointed librarian  of  one  of  the  branches  in 
that  city. 

Hattie  M.  Callow,  '10,  who  has  been  in  Cali- 
fornia for  the  past  year,  has  returned  to 
Cleveland  and  been  appointed  as  assistant 
in  the  Public  Library. 

Ruth  E.  Charles,  '10,  has  been  appointed  as- 
sistant in  the  College  for  Women  Library 
of  the  Western  Reserve  University. 

Marie  E.  Cahill,  'n,  grade  school  librarian  in 
the  Cleveland  Public  Library,  was  married 
in  June  to  Mr.  Ernst  Watzl,  and  will  prob- 
ably make  her  home  in  Vienna,  Cleveland. 

Elizabeth  Cumings,  'n,  grade  school  librarian 
in  the  Cleveland  Public  Library,  was  mar- 
ried in  June  to  D.  O.  Anderson,  of  Cleve- 
land. 

Claire  Darby,  '11,  has  resigned  her  position  as 
librarian  for  Ernst  &  Ernst,  expert  account- 
ants, and  accepted  the  position  as  assistant 


in  the  Technology  Division  of  the  Cleveland 
Public  Library. 

Grace  Windsor,  'n,  assistant  librarian  of  the 
Lawrenceville  Branch  of  the  Carnegie  Li- 
brary of  Pittsburgh,  has  been  promoted  to 
the  librarianship. 

Celeste  Oliver,  '12,  has  resigned  her  position 
as  assistant  in  the  Hough  Branch  of  the 
Cleveland  Public  Library  and  returned  to 
her  home  in  Lockport,  N.  Y.,  to  be  married 
later  in  the  year. 

The  members  of  the  class  of  1913  are  located 

as  follows: 

Celia  F.  Frost  has  registered  at  the  Pittsburgh 
Training  School  for  Children's  Librarians 
as  a  student. 

Audiene  Graham,  cataloger  and  indexer  for 
Nau,  Rusk  &  Swearingen,  expert  account- 
ants, Cleveland. 

Irene  R.  Grim,  assistant,  Stations  Department, 
Cleveland  Public  Library. 

Evelyn  C.  Hess,  assistant,  Children's  Depart- 
ment, New  York  Public  Library. 

Bessie  H.  Kelsey,  assistant.  Literature  Di- 
vision, Cleveland  Public  Library. 

Dora  M.  Kletzkin,  assistant,  Sterling  Branch, 
Cleveland  Public  Library. 

Edna  M.  Little,  assistant,  Broadway  Branch, 
Cleveland  Public  Library. 

Helena  A.  Miller,  assistant,  Cleveland  Public 
Library. 

May  L.  Milligan,  assistant,  Public  Library, 
Akron,  Ohio. 

Mildred  I.  Moore,  assistant,  Catalog  Depart- 
ment, Cleveland  Public  Library. 

Cornelia  Plaister,  librarian,  Public  Library, 
Clarinda,  Iowa. 

Pyrrha  B.  Sheffield,  assistant,  Chicago  Public 
Library. 

Gertrude  H.  Sipher,  reviser,  Western  Reserve 
University  Library  School. 

Hattie  Stokely,  assistant,  Miles  Park  Branch, 
Cleveland  Public  Library. 

Jennette  R.  Tandy,  assistant,  Reference  and 
Catalog  Departments,  Cincinnati  Public  Li- 
brary. 

Mildred  Van  Schoick,  assistant.  Legislative 
Reference  Bureau,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Ruth  Wilcox,  assistant,  Reference  and  Fine 
Arts  Divisions,  Cleveland  Public  Library. 

Carrie  Krauss,  reference  assistant,  Adelbert 
College  Library,  Western  Reserve  Univer- 
sity. 

Amy  Benner  and  Pauline  Reich,  of  the  Cleve- 
land Public  Library  staff,  have  returned  to 
their  positions  for  regular  work. 

ALICE  S.  TYLER,  Director. 

SIMMONS  COLLEGE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

The  following  appointments  have  been  made 

during  the  summer : 

Gertrude  H  Robson,  1909.  Assistant,  Catalog 
department,  John  Hay  Library,  Brown  Uni- 
versity. 

Elsie  Bassett,  1912.  Resigned  from  the  staff 
of  Clark  University  Library  to  become  as- 


578 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


sistant  cataloger,  University  of  Minnesota 
Library. 

Clara  Penney,  1912.  Resigned  from  the  staff 
of  the  University  of  Maine  Library  to  be- 
come assistant  in  the  catalog  department, 
John  Hay  Library,  Brown  University. 

Ida  E.  Adams,  1913.  Assistant,  Dartmouth 
College  Library,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

Esther  S.  Chapin,  1913.  Assistant,  Williams 
College  Library,  Williamstown,  Mass. 

Hilda  A.  Combe,  1913.  Assistant,  catalog  de- 
partment, John  Hay  Library,  Brown  Uni- 
versity. 

Annie  E.  Harwood,  1913.  Assistant,  Univer- 
sity of  Maine  Library,  Orono,  Me. 

Frances  N.  Huelster,  1913.  Assistant,  Clark 
University  Library,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Annabel  Porter,  1913.  Assistant  and  student, 
children's  department,  Cleveland  (Ohio) 
Public  Library. 

Sadie  St.  Clair,  1913.  Assistant,  Williams  Col- 
lege Library,  Williamstown,  Mass. 

Mildred  H.  Starrett,  1913.  Assistant,  catalog- 
ing department,  Public  Library,  St.  Louis, 
Mo. 

Elizabeth  Thurston,  1913.  Librarian,  Public 
Library,  Cotuit,  Mass. 

Madge  F.  Trow,  1913.  Assistant,  Dark  Uni- 
versity Library. 

Edna  A.  Wells,  1913.  Assistant,  Boston 
Athenaeum. 

Doris  E.  Wilber,  1913.  Assistant,  cataloging 
department,  Columbia  University  Library, 
New  York  City. 

COLLEGE   GRADUATES,    1912-1913 

Gladys  S.  Cole.  Assistant  and  student,  chil- 
dren's department,  Public  Library,  Cleveland, 
Ohio. 

Adra  M.  Fay.  Branch  assistant,  Public  Li- 
brary, Minneapolis. 

Mary  B.  Pillsbury.     Assistant,  cataloging  de- 
partment, University  of  Chicago  Library. 
Rebecca  B.  Rankin.    Librarian,  State  Normal 

School,   Ellensburg,   Wash. 
Eleanor  P.  Wheeler.    Assistant,  cataloging  de- 
partment, University  of  Chicago  Library. 
During  the  vacation  Ella  R.  McDowell  cat- 
aloged the  private  library  of  Rev.  Dr.  Win- 
chester, of  Boston. 

INDIANA    SUMMER    LIBRARY    SCHOOL 

About  25  people  besides  the  regular  students 
attended  the  two  days'  special  course  of 
lectures  at  the  Indiana  Summer  School  for 
Librarians  this  year.  These  lectures  were 
grouped  around  the  general  theme,  the 
socialization 'of  the  library,  the  subject  which 
has  been  occupying  the  attention  of  Indiana 
librarians  this  year  at  all  of  their  district 
meetings.  More  than  half  the  special  lectures 
given  during  the  six  weeks'  course  were 
brought  together  on  these  two  days,  during 
which  the  regular  class  work  was  suspended. 

This  arrangement  was  in  the  nature  of  an 


experiment,  the  thought  being  that  two  whole 
days  of  special  lectures  on  "outside  work" 
would  help  to  give  the  summer  school  students 
a  better  idea  of  the  importance  of  such  work 
than  would  the  same  lectures  scattered 
throughout  the  whole  six  weeks.  Apparently, 
the  desired  results  were  accomplished. 

The  program  for  the  two  days  included  the 
following : 

Municipal  reference  work  in  a  medium-sized 
public  library.  Ada  M.  McCormick,  head  of 
the  Business  and  Municipal  Department,  Ft. 
Wayne  Public  Library. 

Collecting  material  for  municipal  reference 
departments.  John  A.  Lapp,  head,  Legisla- 
tive and  Administrative  Information  Bureau, 
Indianapolis. 

Relation  of  the  library  to  the  municipality. 
Carl  Bernhardt,  Bobbs-Merrill  Co.,  Indian- 
apolis. 

Discussion  of  this  subject.   Edward  H.  Harris, 
1  Manager,  Richmond  Palladium. 
Art  exhibits.     Mrs.  M.  F.  Johnson,  Chairman, 
Art     Department,     General     Federation     of 
clubs. 
What  the  farmer  will  read.    W.  M.  Hepburn, 

Librarian,  Purdue  University. 
Choosing  books  for  mechanics  and  engineers. 
L.  J.  Bailey,  Librarian,  Gary  Public  Library, 
and  President^!.  L.  A. 

The  library  as*  a  social  center.  Eliza  G. 
Browning,  Librarian,  Indianapolis  Public 
Library. 

Advertising  good  things.     Henriette  I.  Scran- 
ton,  Librarian,  Elwood  Public  Library. 
Work  outside  the  library  walls.     Nannie  W. 
Jayne,  Librarian,   Bluffton   Public  Library. 
My  friends  the  teachers.     Winifred  F.  Ticer, 

Librarian,    Huntington    Public   Library. 
On  being  a  modern  librarian.    Mary  E.  Ahern, 

Editor,  Public  Libraries. 

What  everybody  wants.  Elva  L.  Bascom, 
Wisconsin  Library  Commission. 
Other  special  lectures  given  during  the 
course  included  one  on  "Famous  illustrators 
of  children's  books,"  by  Charles  E.  Rush,  of 
St.  Joseph,  Mo. ;  one  on  "Business  methods 
in  the  library,"  by  Miss  Ahern,  and  one  on 
"Book  repairing,"  by  Miss  Theresa  C.  Walter, 
of  the  Dayton  Public  Library,  besides  several 
given  by  prominent  Indiana  librarians.  The 
course  was  attended  by  20  people,  all  but  two 
of  whom  were  Indiana  librarians.  There  was 
one  student  from  Ohio  and  one  from 
Oklahoma. 

The  instructors  were  Carl  H.  Milam,  Carrie 
E.  Scott,  and  Oro  Williams  of  the  Public  Li- 
brary Commission,  and  Mary  J.  Hirst  of  the 
Cincinnati  Public  Library.  The  regular  li- 
brary visit  was  made  to  Cincinnati,  where  the 
class  saw  the  main  library,  two  branches  in 
Carnegie  buildings,  one  branch  in  a  rented 
room,  and  a  deposit  station  in  a  drug  store. 
The  course  lasted  from  July  2  to  Aug.  12. 


October,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


579 


CLEVELAND   PUBLIC  LIBRARY   TRAINING 
CLASS 

The  class  of  1913  of  the  Cleveland  Public 
Library  Training  Class  for  Library  Work  with 
Children  finished  the  year  with  eleven  mem- 
bers, one  student,  Mrs.  Jean  Hoskins,  having 
dropped  out  during  the  year  to  accept  a  posi- 
tion as  social  service  worker  with  the  National 
Electric  Lamp  Company  of  Pasadena,  Califor- 
nia. The  entire  class  of  eleven  students  were 
offered  positions  in  the  Children's  Department 
of  the  Cleveland  Public  Library;  nine  accepted. 
These  are  Miss  Catherine  Cummins,  Miss  Mary 
Everard,  Miss  Catherine  Nichol,  Miss  Orpha 
Post,  Miss  Mary  F.  Stebbins,  Miss  Sarah 
Thomas,  Miss  Abbie  Ward,  Miss  Gladys  War- 
ren and  Miss  Margaret  Wright.  Of  the  re- 
maining two,  Miss  Cecelia  Lewis  has  been  ap- 
pointed branch  librarian  in  the  Buffalo  Public 
Library  system,  and  Miss  Ethel  Pitcher  libra- 
rian of  the  Public  Library,  Tyler,  Texas. 

The  class  of  1914  commenced  work  on  Sept. 
IT,  1913,  with  eleven  students.  Nine  of  this 
number  are  library  school  graduates,  three  have 
college  degrees,  and  one  has  had  two  years  of 
college  work,  five  different  library  schools  and 
four  colleges  being  represented  and  eight  states 
and  Canada.  The  two  remaining  young  women 
have  each  had  several  years'  experience  in 
general  and  children's  work  in  public  libra- 
ries. The  total  amount  of  public  library  ex- 
perience represented  by  the  class  of  eleven  stu- 
dents is  twenty-three  years,  an  average  of  two 
and  a  fraction  years  to  each  student. 

The  students'  names  and  credentials  are  as 
follows  : 

Beust,   Nora,   LaCrosse,  Wis.     Wisconsin  Li- 

brary School,  1911. 

Brown,  Jane,  Atlanta,  Ga.    Atlanta,  1912. 
Caldwell,  Sarah  P.,  Roanoke,  Va.     Pratt,  1913. 
Cartwright,     Adeline     M.,    Toronto,     Canada. 

Pratt,  1913. 
Cole,   Gladys   S.,   Kingston,  Mass.     Simmons, 

1913- 
Fairchild,  Charlotte  L.,  Dansville,  N.  Y.    New 

York   Public   Library  and  Oshkosh   (Wis.) 

Library. 

Hoover,  Mary  E.,  Lancaster,  Pa.     Pratt,  1913. 
Klumb,    Anna    M.,    West    Bend,    Wis.      West 

Bend  Library  and  Racine  (Wis.)  Library. 
Porter,  Annabel,  Gloucester,  Mass.     Simmons, 


Randall,  Mary,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.     Pratt,  1913. 
Starr,  Helen,  Mt.  Vernon,  Ohio.    Western  Re- 
serve Library  School,  1913. 

UNIVERSITY    OF   MICHIGAN  SUMMER   LI- 
BRARY  SCHOOL 

The  fifth  annual  session-  of  the  University 
of  Michigan  Summer  Library  School  opened 
June  3Oth  and  ran  eight  weeks,  closing  August 
22d.  Twenty-five  students  enrolled,  of  whom 
fourteen  had  some  library  experience.  Thir- 
teen were  college  graduates  or  had  had  some 
college  work.  Three  of  the  students  were  men, 
one  of  whom  had  accepted  a  professorship  in 


a  western  college,  where  he  was  to  be  a  mem- 
ber of  the  library  committee,  and  he  took  the 
course  in  order  to  prepare  himself  for  his  du- 
ties (a  most  exceptional  attitude  for  a  library 
committee  man).  The  usual  courses  were 
given :  Cataloging  by  Miss  Esther  A.  Smith ; 
classification  by  Mr.  F.  L.  D.  Goodrich;  refer- 
ence work  by  Miss  Fredericka  B.  Gillette ;  book 
binding  by  Mr.  W.  C.  Hollands ;  and  books 
and  library  administration  by  Mr.  Theodore  W. 
Koch.  Miss  Edna  Whiteman  gave  six  lectures 
on  library  work  for  children  and  Mr.  S.  H. 
Ranck  gave  illustrated  lectures  on  "The  Work 
of  the  Grand  Rapids  Public  Library"  and 
"Rural  library  extension."  Miss  G.  M.  Walton 
read  a  paper  on  "The  friendly  books,"  which 
had  been  previously  presented  on  the  general 
program  of  the  A.  L.  A.  at  Kaaterskill.  Miss 
Josephine  Rathbone  gave  an  inspiring  address 
on  library  school  training.  Several  members 
of  the  University  faculty  gave  lectures  on 
pertinent  subjects.  Dr.  A.  O.  Lee,  who  was  for 
four  years  connected  with  the  editorial  de- 
partments of  Webster's  Dictionary  and  the  New 
International  Encyclopedia,  spoke  on  "The 
making  of  dictionaries  and  encyclopedias." 
After  briefly  tracing  the  history  and  evolution 
of  these  types  of  reference  books,  he  character- 
ized the  most  important  ones  and  outlined  the 
kind  of  a  venture  such  a  publication  was  to- 
day. He  spoke  of  the  financial  outlay  neces- 
sary, the  organization  of  the  staff,  and  the 
editorial  work.  Professor  R.  M.  Wenley  had 
for  his  topic  "The  pleasures  of  reading."  He 
divided  reading  into  three  classes:  (i)  reading 
on  one's  level,  everyday  reading  like  the  popu- 
lar magazines  and  newspapers  :  (2)  reading  be- 
low one's  level,  trashy  novels,  depicting  un- 
natural and  diseased  conditions,  immoral  situa- 
tions that  ought  never  to  exist,  but  which  in- 
terest certain  types  of  mind  ;  (3)  reading  above 
one's  level,  real  literature,  the  books  that  make 
a  challenge  to  our  better  selves,  that  lift  us 
above  our  everyday  level.  This  is,  naturally, 
the  class  to  which  we  should  devote  as  much 
time  as  possible.  Professor  J.  S.  P.  Tatlock 
gave  a  lecture  on  "Reading;  why,  what  and 
how,"  in  which  he  advised  the  students  to 
read  attentively  and  fast,  and  to  read  the  best 
that  they  could  enjoy.  Professor  F.  N.  Scott, 
who  was  for  some  years  connected  with  the 
University  Library,  spoke  on  "Serendipity," 
that  sense  which  Horace  Walpole  describes  as 
"accidental  sagacity."  Walpole  had  formed  the 
word  upon  the  title  of  the  fairy  tale  "The  three 
princes  of  Serendip,"  the  heroes  of  which  were 
always  making  discoveries,  by  accidents  and 
sagacity,  of  things  they  were  not  in  quest  of. 
Professor  Scott  chose  four  illustrations  of  this 
power.  A  request  fcr  a  good  ghost  story  hav- 
ing been  made  him  at  the  library,  he  felt  a 
"seizure"  and  went  out  into  the  stack,  walked 
somewhat  blindly  down  the  centre  aisle,  turned 
to  where  Harper's  Magazine  was  shelved, 
pulled  down  quite  mechanically  volume  18, 
which  opened  automatically  to  page  504,  where 
was  disclosed  to  view  "What  was  it?  A  mys- 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


tery."  President  Angell  complained  one  day 
of  his  inability  to  find  a  certain  German  book, 
the  card  for  which  was  apparently  missing 
from  the  catalog.  An  appeal  was  made  to 
Professor  Scott,  who  walked  as  in  a  maze  to  a 
part  of  the  stack  where  the  Parsons  library 
was  shelved.  Here  he  picked  out  a  volume 
which  was  on  the  shelves  upside  down,  handed 
it  to  Dr.  Angell,  who  found  it  to  be  the  de- 
sired book.  When  Barrett  Wendell's  work  on 
English  composition  was  first  published  it  was 
much  in  demand  at  the  University  Library,  and 
there  were  bitter  complaints  one  day  when 
it  was  reported  missing.  Professor  Scott  was 
asked  to  find  it,  and  without  much  ado  he 
went  to  the  stacks,  strolled  through  the  aisles 
and  picked  out  the  missing  volume.  As  a  stu- 
dent editor  of  the  Argonaut  thirty  years  ago, 
Professor  Scott  had  solicited  a  contribution 
from  the  "Sweet  singer  of  Michigan,"  who  was 
pleased  to  grant  the  request.  Some  years  later 
Professor  Scott  noticed  certain  autograph  let- 
ters on  exhibition  in  the  Library  and  suggested 
to  the  Librarian  that  he  might  add  to  this  store 
one  from  the  "Sweet  singer."  His  offer  was 
accepted,  but  what  in  the  meantime  had  be- 
come of  the  manuscript?  He  had  a  vision  of 
a  manuscript  tied  with  a  narrow  ribbon.  He 
went  to  the  house  to  which  he  had  moved  since 
his  student  days,  and  out  in  the  barn  he  spied 
an  old  trunk  filled  with  odds  and  ends,  among 
which  he  detected  a  roll  of  paper  with  a  sug- 
gestion of  ribbon.  This  proved  to  be  the  de- 
sired manuscript.  Interesting  psychological 
explanations  of  all  four  cases  were  given  by 
Professor  Scott.  In  his  father's  library  he  had 
as  a  boy  devoured  Harper's  Magazine  and 
supposedly  had  read  frequently  the  ghost 
story  in  volume  18,  but  he  could  by  no  means 
have  given  a  bibliographical  reference  to  it; 
but  when  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  set  he 
easily  put  his  finger  on  the-  very  page.  The  in- 
verted German  book  had  been  noticed  by  him 
in  passing  down  the  aisle,  and  he  had  thought 
of  putting  it  to  rights  and  had  half  uncon- 
sciously noted  the  title.  Professor  Wendell's 
book  was  bound  in  green  cloth,  and  in  the  old 
days  when  the  books  in  the  library  were  ar- 
ranged on  the  fixed  location  scheme,  the  at- 
tendants formed  mental  images  of  each  shelf. 
There  were  fixed  spectra  for  each  shelf  and 
when  an  extra  strip  of  green  appeared  in  the 
spectrum  of  a  particular  shelf  it  meant  a  book 
out  of  place,  which  in  this  case  meant  Wen- 
dell's "English  Composition."  When  Professor 
Scott  took  his  bachelor's  degree  he  removed 
the  ribbon  from  his  diploma  to  tie  up  the 
papers  from  the  "Sweet  singer,"  and  then 
promptly  proceeded  to  think  about  higher 
forms  of  composition.  Years  afterward  the 
ribbon  was  what  brought  back  the  mental  im- 
age to  his  mind,  and  he  was  able  to  locate  the 
lost  papers  by  that  means.  In  each  case  there 
was  some  such  link  in  the  chain  of  experience 
which,  standing  out  from  the  strata  of  sub- 
consciousness,  came  into  the  field  of  conscious- 
ness and  so  helped  to  connect  the  one  with  the 


other.  Evidently  "serendipity"  is  a  faculty 
that  should  be  cultivated  by  all  library  stu- 
dents, but  especially  by  those  at  the  delivery 
desk.  Henry  Bradshaw  possessed  it  in  a  re- 
markable degree.  The  story  is  told  of  his  visit 
to  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale,  where  he  was 
telling  Delisle  of  a  volume  that  had  long  been 
missing  from  the  Cambridge  University  Library. 
"It  was  a  volume  about  the  size  and  make-up 
of  this,"  said  he,  as  he  put  out  his  hand  to  take 
down  a  book  from  the  shelf,  which,  mirabile 
dictu,  proved  to  be  the  missing  book ! 

THEODORE  W.  KOCH. 

WISCONSIN  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 
ALUMNI    ASSOCIATION 

The  annual  meeting  for  1913  took  place  at 
the  Kaaterskill  conference.  Miss  Turvill  pre- 
sided and  Miss  Farquhar  acted  as  secretary. 
A  letter  from  the  treasurer  was  read  reporting 
a  balance  of  $100,  making  possible  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  loan  fund  that  had  been  planned 
at  the  Mackinac  conference.  Measures  regard- 
ing the  loaning  of  the  fund  were  passed  and  a 
committee  on  revision  of  the  constitution  ap- 
pointed. The  following  officers  were  elected : 
president,  Julia  A.  Robinson,  '09;  vice-presi- 
dent, Helen  Hutchinson,  '07;  secretary,  Helen 
Turvill,  '08;  treasurer,  Marion  Weil,  '07. 

Following  the  meeting  came  the  annual  din- 
ner, at  which  twenty-six  were  present,  includ- 
ing twelve  alumni,  seven  members  of  the  fac- 
ulty with  former  members,  and  several  invited 
guests,  including  Mr.  Legler,  president  of  the 
A.  L.  A.,  who  was  the  first  director  of  the 
school.  The  alumni  in  attendance  were  Lola 
Green  and  Margaret  Reynolds,  '07;  Theodora 
Brewitt,  Julia  Baker,  and  Helen  Turvill,  '08; 
Julia  Robinson  and  Ora  Williams,  '09;  Mrs. 
M.  C.  Budlong.  '10;  Althea  Warren,  '11;  Ruth 
Drake,  Alice  Farquhar,  and  Mary  Hicks,  '12. 

Others  present  were: 

Ada  M.   Nelson,  assistant,  Knox  College  Li- 
brary, Galesburg,  111. 
Anabel  Norwood,  assistant,  Rosenberg  Public 

Library,  Galveston,  Texas. 
Janet  O'Brien,  branch  librarian,  Chicago  Pub- 
lic Library. 

Minnie  H.  Pope,  assistant,  Legislative  Refer- 
ence Library,  Madison,  Wis. 
Lelah  R.  Price,  librarian,  University  Prepar- 
atory School  Library,  Tonkawa,  Okla. 
Lynne  C.  Reynolds,  librarian,  Elkhorn  (Wis.) 

Public  Library. 
Belva  Ronne,   librarian,  Racine    (Wis.)    High 

School  Library. 
Henrietta    E.    Shirley,   teacher    and   librarian, 

Osceola  Township  School,  Laurium,  Mich. 
Ethel  M.  Trimble,  assistant,  Moline  (111.)  Pub- 
lic Library. 
Freda   Trautman,  librarian,   Boscobel    (Wis.) 

Public  Library. 
Lydia  Vick,  clerk,  Tax  Commission,  Madison, 

Wis. 

Marie  E.  Wegner,  substitute,  Milwaukee  Pub- 
lic Library. 


October,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


581 


Martha  I.  Williams,  assistant,  Minot  (N.  Dak.) 
Public  Library. 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

The  following  alumni  visited  the  school  dur- 
ing the  summer:  Helen  Hutchinson,  '07;  The- 
odora Brewitt,  '08;  Katharine  A.  Hahn.  '09; 
Eugenia  Marshall  Rainey,  '09;  Mary  Watkins, 
'09;  Anne  Skinner,  '10,  and  Ruth  Hayward, '12. 

Ella  V.  Ryan,  '07,  has  a  position  as  tempor- 
ary cataloger  for  the  University  Extension  Di- 
vision, Madison,  Wis. 

Theodora  R.  Brewitt,  '08,  librarian  of  the 
Lewistpn  (Idaho)  Normal  School,  becomes 
supervisor  of  the  training  class  of  the  Los 
Angeles  (Cal.)  Public  Library,  beginning 
Sept.  i. 

Mae  Stearns,  '10,  has  returned  to  the  cata- 
loging department  of  the  Newberry  Library, 
Chicago. 

Grace  Woodward,  '10,  has  resigned  her  posi- 
tion in  the  Normal  School  Library  at  Emporia, 
Kan. 

Doris  Greene,  'n,  becomes  cataloger  at  Co- 
bum  Library,  Colorado  College,  Colorado 
Springs,  Sept.  i.  Since  graduation  she  has 
filled  a  position  in  the  Pueblo  (Colo.)  Public 
Library. 

Lucy  L.  Morgan,  '11,  assistant  on  the  staff 
of  the  Wisconsin  Library  School  and  field  vis- 
itor for  the  Wisconsin  Commission,  has  been 
appointed  supervisor  of  the  training  class  of 
the  Detroit  Public  Library,  assuming  her 
duties  Sept.  i. 

Beulah  Mumm,  'n,  is  now  assistant  cataloger 
in  the  State  Library  at  Sacramento,  Cal. 

Edna  S.  Green,  '12,  has  resigned  her  position 
as  assistant  in  the  Oshkosh  (Wis.)  Public 
Library  in  order  to  accept  a  similar  one  in  the 
Detroit  Public  Library. 

Mary  L.  Hicks,  '12,  has  been  compelled  to 
resign  her  position  in  the  Evansville  (Ind.) 
Public  Library  on  account  of  ill  health. 

Katharine  R.  Ellis,  a  special  student  for  the 
first  semester,  1912-13,  since  librarian  at  Cor- 
nish, N.  H.,  was  married  to  Mr.  Robert  Bar- 
rett on  June  29. 

FURTHER  APPOINTMENTS   FOR  THE  CLASS   OF   1913 

Laura  E.  Brubaker,  librarian,  Escanaba 
(Mich.)  Public  Library. 

Dorothy  B.  Ely,  temporary  position  as  cat- 
aloger in  the  University  Extension  Division, 
Madison  (.Wis.) 

Marion  E.  Frederickson,  reviser  for  the  first 
semester,  Wisconsin  Library  School. 

Mabel  Harris,  librarian,  Mitchell  (S.  Dak.) 
Public  Library. 

Leila  A.  Janes,  assistant,  Evansville  (Ind.) 
Public  Library. 

Elizabeth  S.  Koelker,  reference  assistant,  De- 
partment of  Municipal  Research,  University 
Extension  Division,  Madison  (Wis.) 

Laura  E.  Luttrell,  librarian,  North  Man- 
chester (Tnd.)  Public  Library. 

Lucy  E.  Thatcher,  librarian,  Lead  (S.  Dak.) 
High  School  Library.  During  the  summer  ses- 


sion Miss  Thatcher  acted  as  librarian  at  the 
Whitewater  (Wis.)  Normal  School.  Upon  her 
initiative  members  of  the  faculty,  assisted  by 
Mr.  Ewing,  of  Madison,  gave  a  dramatic  read- 
ing of  Sheridan's  "Rivals,"  with  an  enthusiastic 
audience  of  more  than  two  hundred. 

MARY  EMOGENE  HAZELTINE,  Preceptor. 

1Re\>tews 

BOOKS   OF  VERSES   ON   BOOKS   AND   BOOKLOVERS I 
A  GROUP  OF  ANTHOLOGIES 

IRELAND,  Alexander.    The  book  lover's  Enchir- 
idion: a  treasury  of  thoughts  on  the  solace 
and  companionship  of  books.     Ed.  i,  Lond., 
1882. 
MATTHEWS,  Brander.     Ballads  of  books.     Ed. 

i,  N.  Y.,  1887. 

LANG,    Andrew.      Ballads    of    books.      Lond., 

1888.     (An  English  edition  of  the  preceding.) 

WHITE,    Gleeson.      Book-song.      Lond.,    1893. 

(The  Booklovers'  Library.) 
ROBERTS,  William.     Book-verse.     Lend.,   1806. 

(The  Booklovers'  Library.) 
RUDDY,  H.  S.    Book  lovers'  verse ;  being  songs 
of  books  and  bookmen  compiled  from  Eng- 
lish   and    American    authors.      Indianapolis, 
1899. 

LEONARD,  R.  M.     The  book-lover's  anthology. 
Lond.,  1911. 

The  appearance  of  the  last  volume  noted 
suggests  the  grouping,  for  remark,  of  these, 
the  principal  collections  of  Lyrae  Librorum. 
One's  first  thought  when  confronted  with  the 
half  dozen  like  titles  is  that  of  surprise  that 
the  body  of  book-verse  (or  indeed  of  prose  as 
well),  presumably  slender,  should  furnish  forth 
so  many  separate  and  substantial  volumes,  and 
this  thought  shades  naturally  and  quickly  into 
the  assumptions  that  there  must  of  necessity 
be  much  duplication  of  content,  and  that  of 
course  the  latest  in  the  field,  especially  when 
specifically  captioned  "Anthology,"  includes  all 
that  is  in  the  other  and  earlier  collections. 
Not  at  all.  The  duplication  is  surprisingly  lit- 
tle, due  doubtless  to  the  somewhat  differing 
aims  as  well  as  tastes  of  the  several  compilers, 
to  the  exigencies  of  a  commercial  series,  and, 
in  a  few  cases,  doubtless  to  copyright  protec- 
tion, which  has  excluded  desired  poems  or 
passages. 

The  "Anthology"  of  Mr.  Leonard  omits 
eighty  of  the  one  hundred  and  forty  items  in 
"Book-verse,"  and  forty-five  of  the  seventy 
items  in  "Ballads  of  books,"  while  of  the  one 
hundred  and  fifty  items  in  "Booksong,"  a  col- 
lection of  very  modern,  very  light,  but  often 
charming  verse  from  which  the  classics  are 
studiously  excluded,  but  two,  "Our  master 
Meleager,"  by  Dr.  Garnett,  and  Stevenson's 
"Picture  books  in  winter,"  are  found  in  the 
"Anthology."  The  "Roberts"  and  the  "White," 
prepared  for  the  same  series,  are  careful  not 
to  duplicate  each  other,  while  the  fact  that  in 
Mr.  Ireland's  favorite  pioneer  collection  most 


582 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


of  the  selections  are  prose,  puts  it  out  of  com- 
petition with  any  except  the  "Anthology." 
While  the  little  volume  by  Mr.  JRuddy,  despite 
its  prefatory  boast,  is  not  "a  more  extensive 
collection  of  the  songs  of  bookland  than  any 
that  has  yet  been  presented,"  it  nevertheless 
offers  a  goodly  number  not  in  any  of  the  others. 
One  of  these  oddly  enough  is  Emerson's 

"That  book  is  good 
Which  puts  me  in  a  working  mood,"  etc., 

which  all  the  others  overlooked.  It  seems  to 
be,  indeed,  with  these  volumes  as  with  books 
of  general  quotations ;  there  is  something  good 
in  each  which  is  not  in  any  of  the  others — "All 
are  needed  by  each  one." 

Increasing  familiarity  with  these  books  ac- 
centuates the  individuality  of  each  and  brings 
out  in  sharp  relief  their  differing  characteristics 
and  flavors,  from  the  staid  and  rather  severe- 
ly sober  "Anthology,"  with  its  overwhelming 
predilection  for  the  classics  (for  the  work  of 
living  writers  is  rigidly  excluded  and  the  chief- 
est  levies  among  the  two  hundred  authors  rep- 
resented are  upon  Shakespeare,  Leigh  Hunt, 
Emerson,  Lamb  and  Johnson  in  the  order 
named)  through  the  far  slenderer  sheaf 
gleaned  by  Mr.  Brander  Matthews  with  its  no- 
ticeable quota  of  less  known  names  and  verses 
and  its  insistence  on  the  mad  world,  little  but 
so  large,  of  the  bibliophile  and  the  biblio- 
maniac, to  the  sparkling  cleverness  and  the 
light  touch  of  "Book-song"  with  its  joyful  will- 
ingness to  avail  its  pages  fully  of  the  delights 
of  J.  K.  Bangs,  Eugene  Field,  F.  D.  Sherman, 
Richard  Le  Gallienne,  Austin  Dobson,  G.  R. 
Tomson,  who  apparently  were  deemed  by  the 
sober  anthologists  too  frivolous  for  more  than 
the  most  casual  (if  any)  notice. 

The  London  imprint  on  five  of  these  seven 
volumes,  taken  with  the  fact  that  not  one  of 
them  seems  to  have  been  recorded  in  the  col- 
umns of  any  American  library  periodical,  will 
not  raise,  we  earnestly  hope,  in  the  mind  of 
any  book-lover-librarian  (a  species  happily  not 
yet  extinct)  a  disconcerting  query  touching  the 
compilation  and  appreciation  of  such  librorum 
encomium.  No  matter  whence  they  come,  some 
of  us  at  least  are  grateful  for  them,  and  gladly 
crowd  a  little  closer  on  the  shelf  the  manuals, 
handbooks  and  rules  for  cataloging,  classifica- 
tion, shelf-listing,  etc.,  to  make  room  for  these 
welcome  stimuli  to  our  complacency.  Per- 
haps, indeed,  a  few  of  us  (the  more  the  better) 
may  regard  such  incongruous  juxtaposition 
with  such  distaste  as  to  establish  these  and  like 
books  about  books,  as  choice  spirits  in  an  inner 
and  private  sanctuary  far  from  Handapparat 
and  professional  patois  where  communion  may 
be  untroubled  and  enjoyment  deep. 

J.  I.  WYER,  JR. 
MOODY,  Katharine  Twining.     Index  to  library 

reports.    A.  L.  A.  Pub.  Board,  Chicago,  1913. 

185  p. 

Admirable  as   is  the  purpose  of  this   little 
volume,    as    outlined    in    the    introduction,    it 


doesn't  go  quite  far  enough  to  be  an  ideal  ref- 
erence tool  for  the  librarian's  desk.  To  quote 
from  this  same  introduction,  "the  object  has 
not  been  to  provide  an  exhaustive  index  of 
any  one  library — one  for  the  benefit  of  the 
library  indexed — but  to  make  available  matter 
of  general  interest."  The  individual  library 
can  and  should  index  its  own  reports,  and  no 
finer  examples  of  library  indexing  can  be 
found  than  the  cumulative  indexes  appended 
annually  to  the  Cleveland  reports,  or  the  index 
in  the  Newark  report  of  1907.  If  other  live 
libraries  would  follow  these  examples  and  their 
indexes  could  be  incorporated  with  the  subject 
indexes  of  the  present  volume,  we  would  have 
an  addition  to  the  bibliography  of  library  sci- 
ence, worthy  of  a  place  beside  "Library  work." 
Miss  Moody's  sins  are  of  omission  rather 
than  of  commission.  She  has  indexed  the  re- 
ports of  over  150  libraries  and  commissions, 
but  unfortunately  personal  and  place  entries 
predominate.  It  is  well  enough  to  be  able  to 
turn  to  the  name  of  a  prominent  librarian  and 
find  a  list  of  the  libraries  that  he  has  adminis- 
tered, and  it  is  evident  that  if  the  dedication 
ceremonies  of  a  certain  library  are  wanted 
that  some  report  of  that  library  will  contain 
them.  It  would  be  of  far  greater  importance 
if  the  librarian  who  is  planning  some  special 
work  with  business  men  could  turn  to  that 
subject  in  the  index  and  learn  where  the  ex- 
periences of  others  might  be  found.  We  know 
that  such  experiences  have  been  printed  in 
library  reports,  but  there  is  nothing  in  the 
index  to  guide  us  to  them.  Many  more  ex- 
amples could  be  given  to  show  that  this  is  an 
index  to  the  history  of  libraries  and  librarians, 
rather  than  to  the  many  and  varied  activities 
that  combine  to  make  what  is  now  called  The 
modern  library  movement.  F.  B.  S. 

ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES.  Proceedings 
of  the  Centenary  meeting;  ed.  by  Dr.  Ed- 
ward J.  Nolan.  Series  2;  v.  15.  Phil.,  1913. 
The  library  profession  does  not  possess  a 
more  interesting  character  than  Dr.  Edward 
J.  Nolan,  able  book  conservator  of  the  Acad- 
emy of  Natural  Sciences  in  Philadelphia  for 
half  a  century.  He  has  acted  as  librarian  of 
the  institution,  and  for  many  years  has  been 
its  recording;  secretary  and  editor  of  its  pub- 
lications. Few  men  have  had  the  opportunity 
to  be  on  such  intimate  terms  with  the  leading 
scientists  of  the  country,  and  few  men  have 
been  so  closely  associated  with  the  vast  army 
of  workers  in  the  natural  history  field.  Joseph 
Leidy  was  his  warm  personal  friend;  Tryon 
was,  and  Pilsbry  is,  a  daily  companion^  and 
the  greatest  work  on  conchology  contains  a 
number  of  drawings  from  his  versatile  pen. 
One  of  the  most  learned  paleontologists,  E.  D. 
Cope,  used  to  form  Greek  derivatives  in  nam- 
ing the  species  of  extinct  animals  which  would 
have  proven  Greek  indeed  to  the  ordinary 
secretary,  but  the  doctor  would  roll  them  forth 
in  reading  his  rough  minutes  at  the  close  of  a 
meeting  as  if  they  had  been  words  of  one 


October,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


583 


syllable.  Dr.  Isaac  Lee  here  published  his 
systematic  study  of  the  fresh  water  mussels, 
and  here  Henry  C  McCook  elaborated  the  re- 
sults of  his  fine  field  work  among  the  ants 
and  spiders.  Harrison  Allen,  Horn.  LeConte, 
Meehan  (the  congenial  botanist),  the  lamented 
John  Ryder,  Angelo  Heilprin,  and  that  stern 
old  forty-niner,  Isaac  Jones  Wistar,  were  con- 
stant visitors.  But  it  is  not  only  in  the  di- 
vision of  natural  history  that  Dr.  Nolan  is 
appreciated.  His  association  with  the  best  men 
of  his  time  has  given  him  an  all  around  knowl- 
edge of  men  and  things  which  has  been  accen- 
tuated by  his  ready  wit  and  wonderful  vocab- 
ulary. His  ability  as  a  draftsman  has  been 
alluded  to.  In  addition  to  this  he  is  a  doctor 
of  medicine,  a  good  amateur  botanist,  a  thor- 
ough Shakespearean  student,  and  even  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Browning  Society.  It  is  no  wonder 
then  that  Dr.  Conklin  remarked  on  one  occa- 
sion that  they  were  to  celebrate  the  semi-cen- 
tenary of  Dr.  Nolan  rather  than  the  centenary 
of  the  academy.  At  the  academy  events  are 
dated  as  before  or  after  Nolan,  and  Dr.  Theo- 
dore N.  Gill,  of  the  National  Museum,  is  the 
only  scientist  who  is  admitted  to  belong  to> 
the  pre-Nolan  period. 

What  a  creditable  record  the  academy  has. 
A  list  of  its  members  from  the  year  1812,  when 
it  was  founded,  would  serve  as  a  scientific 
"Who's  who  in  America."  Here  Thomas  Say 
blazed  the  trail  for  conchologists,  and  Lee, 
Conrad,  Gadd,  Try  on  and  Pilsbry  form  the 
honor  roll.  In  ornithology  the  names  of  Wil- 
son and  Cassin  are  associated  with  those  of 
Nuttall,  Bonaparte,  Townsend,  Gambel,  Heer- 
man,  Harris,  Woodhouse,  Baird,  Lawrence, 
Cooes  and  Stone.  The  ichthyologists  include 
Bonaparte,  Cope,  LeSueur  and  Ryder.  Among 
the  entomologists  there  are  Peale,  Wilson, 
LeConte,  Horn,  McCook,  Cresson,  Martindale 
and  Skinner.  Morton,  the  author  of  "Crania 
Americana,"  is  responsible  for  the  collection 
of  crania,  and  among  those  who  have  carried 
on  botanical  researches  are  Durand,  Charles 
E.  Smith,  Meehan  and  Redfield.  Nearly  every 
expedition  of  exploration  has  enlisted  some  of 
the  academy  members  from  the  time  of  Long's 
expedition  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  1819. 

The  proceedings  of  the  Centenary  meeting 
form  the  fifteenth  volume  of  the  second  series 
of  the  Journal  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences,  and  from  every  standpoint  it  is  a 
credit  to  the  institution  and  to  Dr.  Nolan,  its 
editor.  It  contains  some  614  pages  in  quarto, 
and  includes  a  list  of  delegates,  and  the  letters 
received  from  every  important  scientific  society 
and  educational  institution  in  the  United 
States  and  in  Europe,  and  it  might  be  said 
from  every  important  institution  in  the  civ- 
ilized world.  The  subjects  covered  by  the 
program  and  included  in  the  volume  as  me- 
moirs cover  pretty  much  every  phase  of  nat- 
ural history  study,  and  include  the  recent  re- 
sults of  original  research  of  pretty  much  every 
member  in  the  field  of  natural  history,  in  addi- 
tion to  a  number  of  communications  from  corre- 


spondents. The  names  of  genera,  species,  etc., 
described  in  the  volume  cover  10  pages  in 
double  columns.  It  is  not  necessary  here  to 
describe  the  various  papers  included  in  the 
volume,  as  this  has  been  adequately  done  in 
"Science."  The  volume  is  a  credit  to  the 
academy,  to  its  editor,  and  to  Dr.  Samuel  G. 
Dixon,  its  distinguished  president,  in  its  form, 
its  letterpress,  and  in  its  illustration  of  the 
splendid  vitality  of  the  oldest  natural  history 
society  in  America. 

ftote*  and  IRews 

MR.  PERCY  H.  WILSON,  secretary  of  the 
Association  of  American  Portland  Cement 
Manufacturers  (Land  Title  Building,  Phila- 
delphia), in  a  recent  letter  to  Mr.  Purd  B. 
Wright,  of  the  Kansas  City  Public  Library, 
says:  "If  you  will  send  us  a  list  of  the  libra- 
ries who  are  creating  effective  industrial  de- 
partments, we  will  be  glad  to  forward  them 
our  literature,  and  in  case  you  do  not  have 
the  remainder  of  our  literature,  we  will  be 
glad  to  forward  same  to  you  upon  receipt  of 
your  advice.  Relative  to  the  suggestion  about 
having  a  permanent  mailing  list,  if  you  will  give 
us  a  list  of  these  libraries,  we  will  put  them  on 
our  permanent  mailing  list  and  see  that  they 
receive  copies  of  our  literature  as  it  is  pub- 
lished." 

A  NEAT  illustrated  pamphlet  giving  a  ten-year 
record  of  the  Free  Library  of  Pleasant  Valley, 
N.  Y.,  has  just  been  issued.  To  quote  from 
the  "Foreword,"  the  pamphlet  deserves  "more 
than  a  merely  local  circulation,  because  it  is 
really  a  study — an  illustration  of  the  possibili- 
ties of  the  small  community  in  the  way  of  so- 
cial welfare  and  advance." 

CHICAGO'S  library  methods  will  be  exploited 
in  one  of  the  chief  exhibits  at  the  international 
book  show  which  will  be  held  in  Leipzig,  Ger- 
many, in  1914,  if  the  recommendation  of  Dr. 
Max  Henius  is  carried  out  by  the  public  li- 
brary board.  Dr.  Henius  has  just  returned 
from  Germany,  where  he  was  delegated  by  the 
library  board  to  take  up  the  question  of  a  Chi- 
cago exhibit.  He  found  the  German  authori- 
ties ^  enthusiastic  over  the  prospect  of  such  an 
exhibit.  The  doctor's  idea  is  to  make  the  ex- 
hibit show  a  branch  reading  room,  in  full  oper- 
ation. He  learned  that  the  librarians  of  Ger- 
many were  j  ust  awakening  to  the  value  of  con- 
ducting libraries  with  the  vie\y  to  getting  the 
books  close  to  the  people. 

"A  LIBRARY  in  every  school  house"  is  the  slo- 
gan of  the  Knox  County,  Term.,  Teachers'  as- 
sociation, for  the  year  1913-14. 

A  FAVORITE  theme  for  library  talks  during 
the  past  year  has  been  the  modeling  of  li- 
brary methods  on  the  type  of  business  meth- 
ods. The  enclosed  extract  is  submitted  as  an 
unsolicited  report  from  a  oo-book  mill  library, 
lent  to  the  Brighton  mills  by  the  Passaic 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


Library.  A  representative  from  the  Brighton 
mills  (which  is  known  as  a  good  example  of 
scientific  management)  called  at  the  library 
when  the  books  were  first  received  and  was 
shown  a  simple  charging  system.  The  mill 
then  advertised  the  books  among  its  em- 
ployees, most  of  whom  are  foreigners  reading 
only  the  simplest  English.  The  enclosed  re- 
port shows  the  result  during  the  past  six 
months.  It  may  be  of  interest  to  librarians 
as  an  example  of  scientific  management  ap- 
plied to  a  small  mill  library,  where  almost 
no  suggestion  has  been  given  by  the  library 
itself  : 

BRIGHTON    MILLS   LIBRARY   REPORT 
Front   Jan.    i     to   June   30,    1913 

No.    of    active    members 125 

No.    of   non-active    members 75 

No.   of  members  left  our  employ 85 

Total    no.    of    members 285 

No.     of    Brighton     Mills     Library    books    taken 

out   from  Jan.    i   to  June  30 305 

No.    of    Public    Library    books    taken    out    from 

Jan.    i    to   June    30 365 

Fines  received  from  library,  Jan.   i  to  June  30.  $6-34 

M.    H.    EINFRANK,    Librarian. 

THE  Avery  Manufacturing  Company  of 
Peoria,  111.,  is  sending  out  a  circular  to  all  its 
employes  urging  them  to  patronize  the  Public 
Library  as  a  means  of  informing  themselves  of 
the  progress  the  world  is  making  in  the  line 
of  mechanics,  and  keeping  up  with  the  proces- 
sion. The  circular  gives  a  list  of  the  technical 
periodicals  available  at  the  Peoria  Public  Li- 
brary, and  continues  as  follows : 

"When  an  employe  realizes  that  his  compensation 
is  only  measured  by  his  ability  to  make  himself 
worth  more  to  his  employer  he  is  on  the  right  road 
to  advancement.  When  his  brain  is  stored  up  with 
what  is  taking  place  each  day  he  is  placing  himself 
in  position  to  take  command  at  a  minute's  notice. 
He  is  fitting  himself  for  a  leader  in  place  of  a  fol- 
lower. This  kind  of  men  is  always  in  demand. 
These  are  the  ones  who  read,  study  and  apply  the 
knowledge  gained  by  close  application  to  current 
literature  of  the  day  in  their  line  of  work.  For  the 
man  who  prepares  himself  for  a  better  p'psition  need 
not  fear  for  the  ultimate  success  of  his  ambition. 
If  you  show  the  necessary  push,  you  need  not  worry 
about  the  pull.  Very  respectfully  yours, 

AVERY   COMPANY/' 

WITH  a  view  to  assisting  both  the  dairies  and 
the  people  to  better  understand  the  value  and 
importance  of  pure  milk  and  butter,  the  man- 
agement of  the  Carnegie  Library  of  San  An- 
tonio, Tex.,  will  have  printed  a  list  of  all 
works  pertaining  to  the  proper  care  of  dairies, 
particularly  of  stock,  which  will  be  mailed  to 
every  dairyman  in  San  Antonio. 

THE  Free  Public  Library  of  Jersey  City 
has  just  published  (prepared  by  Edmund  W. 
Miller,  the  assistant  librarian  of  the  Jersey 
City  Library)  "Monographs  on  anniversaries 
and  festivals."  It  comprises  the  various  mon- 
ographs on  holidays  and  festivals  which  have 
been  issued  from  time  to  time  by  the  library 
and  are  now  gathered  together  into  one  vol- 
ume with  a  table  of  contents  and  an  index. 
Sixteen  festivals  are  treated,  including  a  val- 
uable monograph  on  Charles  Dickens,  issued 


on  the  occasion  of  the  Dickens  centennial  and 
a  monograph  on  presidential  inaugurations. 

THE  dedication  at  Dresden,  N.  Y.,  of  the 
birthplace  of  Robert  G.  Ingersoll  as  a  public 
library  and  museum,  which  was  to  have  taken 
place  on  Aug.  n,  was  postponed  another  year 
because  of  the  large  amount  of  philanthropic 
work  being  carried  on  by  Col.  Ingersoll's 
daughter,  Mrs.  Brown. 

FROM  a  rather  clumsy  arrangement  in  boxes 
the  large  collection  of  sheet  music  at  the  Buf- 
falo Public  Library  has  been  sorted  in  enve- 
lopes and  now  occupies  a  separate  group  of 
shelves  on  the  new  third  tier  in  the  stackroom. 
There  are  17,866  sheets  already  cataloged,  not 
including  the  bound  music.  Each  has  been 
arranged  in  its  own  envelope,  marked  with  the 
title,  the  composer's  name,  the  number  of  leaves 
and  an  explanatory  note.  These  envelopes 
may  be  drawn  on  either  card,  and  special  ar- 
rangements may  be  made  to  keep  the  music 
throughout  rehearsals,  entertainments  or  ser- 
vices. 

THE  Newberry  Library,  of  Chicago,  has 
leased  to  Rogers  &  Co.,  catalog  and  book 
printers,  for  a  term  of  twenty  years  from  May 
i,  1914,  a  four-story  concrete  building  to  be 
erected  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Calumet 
avenue  and  Twentieth  street  at  a  term  rental 
understood  to  be  $250,000. 

THE  Manchester,  N.  H.,  librarian,  in  com- 
menting on  her  inventory,  says :  "An  un- 
usually large  number  of  books  unaccounted 
for  in  previous  years  have  come  to  light 
this  year.  Last  year  we  reported  twenty 
found,  which  was  a  larger  number  than  usual. 
This  year  107  have  reappeared.  Ninety-two 
of  these  were  from  one  source  and  came  back 
to  us  after  the  death  of  one  of  our  borrowers, 
who,  it  seems,  had  been  helping  herself  more 
or  less  generously  for  a  period  of  six  years. 
This  is  the  third  instance  where  missing  books 
have  come  back  to  us  after  the  death  of  a 
borrower.  It  might  be  well  for  those  tempted 
to  indulge  in  this  form  of  wrongdoing  to  con- 
template the  possibility  of  fatal  results." 

F.  W.  JOHNSON,  chairman  of  the  Canadian 
Free  Library  for  the  Blind,  states  that  the 
sudden  falling  off  recently  in  the  subscriptions 
by  which  the  Canadian  Free  Library  for  the 
Blind  is  in  a  large  measure  maintained,  led 
to  the  discovery  that  certain  persons  of  the 
"badger"  type  have  been  collecting  funds,  os- 
tensibly for  the  publication  of  a  magazine  in 
raised  letters  for  the  blind,  a  publication  ^  which 
though  advertised  as  having  a  large  circula- 
tion among  the  blind  persons  throughout  the 
Dominion,  has  been  found  upon  searching 
inquiry  to  have  reached  only  one  such  person. 

ASSERTIONS  that  multitudinous  arrays  of 
disease  germs  are  hustled  about  the  country 
crammed  in  between  the  leaves  of  public  li- 
brary books  does  not  meet  with  the  approval 
of  librarians  of  Nebraska.  Complaint  to 


October,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


585 


Labor  Commissioner  Pool  raised  the  question 
for  discussion,  and  Miss  Edith  Tobitt,  of  the 
Omaha  Library,  called  on  that  official  and 
filed  formal  objections,  giving  Mr.  Pool  some 
enlightenment  on  the  methods  used  to  dispose 
of  the  germs  and  to  guard  against  sending 
out  of  any  but  the  most  cleanly  volumes. 
Miss  Florence  Waugh,  of  the  state  library 
commission,  likewise  thought  that  the  person 
who  first  made  the  assertion  did  not  have 
knowledge  of  true  conditions,  and  stated  that 
all  the  books  in  the  large  libraries  of  the 
state  are  fumigated  regularly  for  the  purpose 
of  killing  germs  and  every  precaution  is  taken 
to  guard  against  the  spread  of  disease  in  this 
manner. 

THE  New  York  Public  Library  has  in  course 
of  construction  five  new  branches:  the  West 
4Oth  Street  Branch,  at  west  4Oth  street  and  loth 
avenue;  the  Washington  Heights  Branch,  at 
lobth  street  and  St.  Nicholas  avenue ;  the 
Woodstock  Branch,  at  759  East  looth  street; 
the  Melrose  Branch,  at  910  Morris  avenue, 
and  the  Fort  Washington  Branch,  at  St. 
Nicholas  avenue  and  I79th  street.  The  West 
4Oth  Street  Branch  will  open  about  the  end 
of  September,  but  it  will  be  some  months  be- 
fore the  others  are  ready. 

FOLLOWING  an  idea  which  has  worked  suc- 
cessfully in  other  places,  the  Sioux  City,  la., 
Public  Library  has  started  a  campaign  to  in- 
terest people  in  the  library  by  urging  the  cash 
value  of  things  learned  in  books  and  publica- 
tions on  file  there.  The  campaign  is  carried 
on  with  pamphlets.  A  little  story  of  success, 
"Don't  Be  a  Quitter,"  is  being  given  to  all  lib- 
rary visitors.  The  story  deals  with  a  man, 
who,  wishing  to  advance  in  the  electrical  busi- 
ness, utilized  the  public  library  to  advantage. 
The  effect  of  the  new  campaign  has  already 
been  felt  to  a  degree,  but  it  is  predicted  that 
with  the  opening  of  school  and  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  pamphlets  among  pupils  this  inter- 
est will  be  greatly  augmented. 

IN  waging  the  widespread  campaign  of  li- 
brary usefulness,  the  District  of  Columbia 
Public  Library  recently  mailed  to  several  hun- 
dred representatives  of  various  trades  the 
following  card  of  invitation: 

PRESENT   THIS    CARD 
At    the    Industrial    Department 

Of    the    Public    Library 

qth  Street  and  New  York  Ave. 

(Outside  Entrance  Under  the  Main  Door) 

The  men  in  charge  of  the  room  will  be  glad  to  do 

all  they  can  to  assist  in  finding  what  you  want. 

It  convinced  many  of  its  recipients  that  the  li- 
brary is  willing  to  do  its  part,  and  persuaded 
them  to  do  theirs.  The  relations  thus  estab- 
lished with  these  men  convinced  the  library, 
in  turn,  that  it  pays  to  labor  earnestly  with 
many,  even  though  few  may  respond. 

HENRY  E.  LEGLER,  librarian  of  the  Chicago 
Public  Library,  proposes  as  a  death  warrant 
for  the  smutty  song  the  extension  of  the  ex- 
cellent music  department  of  the  library  until 


every  child  in  Chicago  may  get  music  for  the 
piano  and  other  instruments  as  readily  as  he 
now  gets  books.  "There  is  no  reason  to  doubt 
the  good  effect  the  circulation  of  good  music 
by  the  public  library  would  have  upon  Chi- 
cago," Mr.  Legler  said.  "A  child  cannot  ac- 
quire a  taste  for  what  he  does  not  see  or 
have.  The  smutty  song,  with  the  suggestive 
music  accompaniment,  is  cheap.  People  buy 
it  because  they  cannot  afford,  in  many  in- 
stances, the  better  class  of  music.  Conse- 
quently, this  poorer  and  dangerous  class  of 
music  finds  its  way  into  the  homes.  People 
everywhere  hear  it  and,  naturally,  their  tastes 
go  that  way." 

THE  granges  of  one  of  the  counties  of  Illinois 
have  hit  upon  a  library  plan  of  their  own.  Each 
grange  purchases  a  certain  number  of  books, 
no  two  granges  obtaining  books  of  the  same 
title.  After  each  grange  keeps  its  books  a 
certain  length  of  time  it  boxes  them  up  and 
sends  them  to  a  neighboring  grange  and  re- 
ceives their  set  of  books.  Thus  a  county  hav- 
ing fifteen  granges  affords  each  grange  the 
use  of  fifteen  sets  of  books  for  the  cost  of 
one  set. 

A  PETITION  was  filed  in  the  Michigan  Circuit 
Court  on  Aug.  15  for  the  dissolution  of  the 
American  League  Library  Co.,  a  concern 
which  operates  almost  one  hundred  libraries 
throughout  the  middle  and  eastern  states. 
Three  of  the  directors,  Darwin  S.  Root, 
Howard  Brooke  and  Charles  D.  Bennett,  state 
that  the  business  cannot  be  run  on  a  paying 
basis  and  that  the  company  has  not  sufficient 
assets  to  pay  outstanding  claims.  Their  as- 
sets, including  43,000  books  and  a  printing 
plant,  are  quoted  at  $27,122.84.  The  liabilities 
arc  $22,465.25  and  there  is  a  contingent  lia- 
bility for  sums  owed  on  advertising  contracts 
amounting  to  $12,972.71.  In  Michigan  the 
company  has  branches  in  Detroit,  Monroe, 
Ppntiac,  Flint,  Saginaw,  Port  Huron,  Bay 
City,  Alpena,  Traverse  City,  Grand  Rapids. 
Lansing,  Ypsilanti,  Ann  Arbor,  Jackson,  Kala- 
mazoo,  Mt.  Clemens,  and  Williamston.  The 
concern  is  capitalized  at  $40,000. 

COPIES  of  the  following  annual  reports  of  the 
United  States  Civil  Service  Commission  are 
available  for  public  distribution  upon  applica- 
tion to  the  "Library,  U.  S.  Civil  Service  Com- 
mission, Washington,  D.  C." :  I7th  report  of 
1900;  2Oth  report  of  1903;  21  st  report  of  1904; 
28th  report  of  1911 ;  29th  report  of  1912. 

A  "new  departure"  at  the  St.  Louis  Public 
Library  is  described  thus:  "In  November, 
1912,  a  downtown  station  was  opened,  by 
consent  of  the  Grand  Leader  department 
store,  on  the  second  floor  of  its  building  at 
Sixth  street  and  Washington  avenue.  Soon 
afterward  an  hourly  delivery  was  begun  be- 
tween this  station  and  the  Central  Library. 
The  station  fills  the  needs  of  those  who  have 
requested  a  place  downtown  where  library 
books  might  be  returned,  and  has  also 


586 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


brought  back  to  the  library  as  users  many 
who  were  accustomed  to  take  out  books  at 
lunch  time  and  were  unable  to  continue  when 
we  moved  to  the  new  building.  The  frequent 
deliveries  enable  shoppers  to  order  books  by 
telephone  at  the  beginning  of  a  shopping  trip 
and  find  them  ready  at  its  close.  It  is  believed 
that  deliveries  of  such  frequency  between  a 
library  and  a  station  constitute  a  new  depart- 
ure in  work  of  this  kind." 

BEST  TWENTY-FIVE  BOOKS  OF  THE  LAST  TWEN- 
TY YEARS. — The  result  of  the  Springfield  City 
Library's  vote  on  "best  books"  is  given  below. 
As  six  candidates  for  twentieth  place  received 
the  same  number  of  votes  the  list  was  ex- 
panded to  twenty-five :  "Joseph  Vance,"  by  De 
Morgan ;  Stevenson's  "Letters ;"  "Life  of  Alice 
Freeman  Palmer,"  by  Professor  Palmer;  "The 
promised  land,"  by  Mary  Antin ;  Kipling's 
"Collected  verse;"  "Kim;"  Morley's  "Life  of 
Gladstone;"  "Twenty  years  at  Hull  House," 
by  Jane  Addams ;  James'  "Varieties  of  relig- 
ious experience ;"  "Up  from  slavery,"  by  Booker 
T.  Washington;  "Margaret  Ogilvy,"  by  Bar- 
rie;  Maeterlinck's  "Life  of  the  bee;"  Wood- 
row  Wilson's  "History  of  the  American  peo- 
ple;" Bergson's  "Creative  evolution;"  Shaw's 
"Plays;"  "The  golden  age,"  by  Kenneth  Gra- 
hame;  Alfred  Noyes'  "Poems;"  Stedman's 
"American  anthology;"  Paine's  "Mark Twain;" 
Crothers'  "Gentle  reader;"  Hearn's1  "Japan,  an 
attempt  at  interpretation;"  "Jean-Christophe," 
by  Romain  Rolland ;  Stedman's  "Victorian  an- 
thology;" Thayer's  "Life  and  Times  of  Ca- 
vour;"  Andrew  D.  White's  "Autobiography." 
The  June  Bulletin  comments  on  the  choice : 
"Notwithstanding  a  large  scattering  vote,  there 
resulted  more  agreement  than  was  expected. 
Stevenson's  'Letters'  and  De  Morgan's  'Jo- 
seph Vance'  easily  led,  being  tied  for  the 
honor  of  first  place.  The  most  popular  au- 
thor was  Kipling.  His  various  works  ap- 
peared upon  more  lists  than  those  of  any 
other  writer,  De  Morgan  and  Stevenson 
coming  next.  The  names  of  several  authors 
fail  to  appear  because  the  votes  were  scattered 
among  their  different  works  instead  of  being 
attracted  to  one.  Thus  'Little  Rivers'  and 
other  books  by  Henry  Van  Dyke  found  favor, 
but  no  one  title  received  enough  votes  to  qual- 
ify. Two  criticisms  may  possibly  be  made: 
first,  that  in  one  or  two  instances  very  recent 
publications  have  received  disproportionate  at- 
tention; and  second,  that  more  works  of  pure 
literature,  especially  poetry,  essays  and  drama 
— books  which  one  likes  to  read  and  reread — 
would  be  preferred  by  many  persons.  But  here 
the  field  is  broad  and  individual  taste  diver- 
gent." Copies  of  this  list  were  furnished  local 
booksellers,  one  of  whom  put  the  books  on 
exhibit  when  the  Bulletin  was  published. 

Alhambra,  Cal.  To  prevent  Contractor  H. 
F.  Roberts  from  beginning  the  erection  of  the 
public  library  building,  for  which  a  bond  is- 
sue of  $50,000  was  voted  several  months  ago, 


suit  has  been  filed  in  the  Superior  Court  by 
four  taxpayers.  The  plaintiffs — E.  We  Hick- 
man,  J.  B.  Teagarden,  R.  M.  Wallace  and  J. 
M.  Montgomery — find  fault  with  the  Board 
of  Trustees  for  ignoring  a  petition  calling 
for  an  election  on  the  question.  According 
to  their  views  the  library  building  plans 
should  be  so  changed  as  to  make  provision 
for  part  of  the  structure  to  be  used  as  a  city 
hall.  Application  is  made  for  a  restraining 
order. 

Aramingo,  Pa.  Aroused  by  the  intention  of  the 
city  to  replace  the  historic  mansion  of  General 
MacPherson,  which  is  now  used  for  library 
purposes,  by  a  $40,000  branch  library  building 
in  MacPherson  Park,  Aramingo,  Pa.,  the  His- 
torical Society  of  Aramingo  is  actively  pro- 
testing the  plan.  While  the  new  library  build- 
ing is  earnestly  desired  by  residents  of  the 
district,  yet  it  is  the  opinion  of  the  Historical 
Society  that  the  associations  connected  with 
the  MacPherson  house  warrant  its  preserva- 
tion. A  committee  representing  the  associa- 
tion will  urge  the  city  to  erect  the  new  library 
building  to  the  side  of  the  MacPherson  house 
and  to  connect  the  two  with  an  inclosed  pas- 
sageway. If  necessary,  the  MacPherson  house 
could  then  be  used  as  an  annex  to  the  library. 

Bloomfield,  la.  The  dedication  and  formal 
opening  of  the  Bloomfield  Public  Library  took 
place  Friday  evening,  Aug.  8. 

Boscawen,  N.  H.  In  the  presence  of  prac- 
tically all  of  the  towns-people  and  scores  of 
former  residents  the  town  of  Boscawen  on 
Aug.  20  formally  accepted  the  handsome  lib- 
rary building,  erected  by  the  late  Hon.  John 
Kimball,  Hon.  Benjamin  A.  Kimball  of  Con- 
cord, and  Frank  L.  Gerrish,  Esq.,  the  presen- 
tation being  the  principal  event  of  Boscawen's 
Old  Home  Week 

Bowling  Green,  Ky.  Work  began  on  the 
Carnegie  library  on  Aug.  20.  According  to 
the  contract,  the  building  must  be  completed 
in  eight  months  from  that  date. 

Bridgton,  Me.,  dedicated  its  Dalton  Holmes 
Davis  Memorial  Library  on  July  30.  The 
building  is  of  brick  and  granite  and  has  a 
capacity  of  5000  volumes. 

Buffalo,  N.  7.  The  sixth  branch  of  the 
Buffalo  Public  Library  is  now  open,  and  in 
charge  of  Miss  Cecelia  Lewis. 

Cleveland,  Ohio.  The  skill  and  speed  with 
which  a  great  circus  is  converted  from  a 
tented  show  into  a  trainload  of  freight  was 
duplicated  on  the  night  of  Aug.  19.  when 
Cleveland's  main  public  library  was  trans- 
ferred in  nine  huge  vans  from  the  old  build- 
ing next  to  the  city  hall  into  the  new  quar- 
ters in  the  Kinney  &  Levan  building,  in 
Euclid  avenue.  At  6  o'clock  in  the  evening 
the  circulation  department  of  the  library  on 


October,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


587 


the  first  floor  was  closed.  At  8  o'clock  the 
next  morning  the  same  department  resumed 
its  usual  business  in  the  new  home. 

Deerfield,  N.  H.  The  erection  of  the  $8000 
Soldiers'  Memorial  Library  is  well  under 
way.  A  feature  of  the  interior  of  the  new 
building  will  be  a  collection  of  tablets  bearing 
the  name  of  every  soldier  who  was  a  citizen 
of  Deerfield  at  the  time  of  his  enlistment  in 
any  of  the  wars  from  the  Revolutionary  era 
to  the  present  time. 

Delaware  City,  Del.  Free  Public  Library  is 
now  open  for  use  by  public. 

Elizabeth,  N.  I.  The  fine  new  downtown 
branch  building  of  the  Free  Public  Library 
was  opened  Aug.  22. 

Montpelier,  Vt.  The  librarians  of  Wash- 
ington county,  Vt.,  met  on  Aug.  14,  in  the 
Kellogg-Hubbard  Library  for  an  informal 
session  with  Miss  Evelyn  Lease  and  the  other 
Montpelier  librarians  in  charge.  The  morning 
was  given  over  to  the  observation  and  study 
of  the  methods  in  the  city  library  and  in  the 
afternoon  to  an  informal  meeting  in  the  li- 
brary assembly  hall  with  short  addresses  on 
practical  topics.  The  primary  purposes  of  the 
convention  were  to  have  a  get-together  meet- 
ing of  the  librarians,  in  order  to  exchange 
ideas  as  to  the  best  methods  of  library  ad- 
ministration and  to  arouse  interest  in  the  an- 
nual meeting  of  the  state  library  association, 
which  takes  place  Oct.  i  and  2  at  Woodstock. 

New  York  City  P.  L.  The  Hebrew  division 
of  the  New  York  City  Public  Library  is  now 
credited  with  over  20,000  volumes.  They  are 
works  of  reference,  biography  and  periodicals, 
over  4000  in  all.  Of  belles-lettres  in  Hebrew 
and  in  modern  languages  there  are  1021  vol- 
umes; of  Yiddish  literature,  about  uoo,  and 
of  science  and  art,  696.  Books  dealing  with 
the  Jewish  question,  anti-Semitism,  Zionism 
number  522.  The  valuable  Tissot  collection 
of  300  water  color  illustrations  of  the  Old 
Testament  are  in  the  possession  of  the  library. 

New  York  P.  L.  A  memorial  exhibition  of 
the  work  of  Addison  T.  Millar,  the  etcher, 
will  be  displayed  in  the  Stuart  room  of  the 
library. 

Owosso,  Mich.  The  Hickman  Construction 
Company,  of  Kalamazoo,  has  been  awarded 
the  contract  for  the  construction  of  the  Car- 
negie library  building  at  $17,300. 

Peabody,  Kan.  Work  has  begun  on  the 
new  $10,000  library  that  will  replace  the  old 
one,  the  first  public  library  built  in  Kansas, 
and  a  gift  to  the  town  of  F.  M.  Peabody,  for 
whom  the  town  was  named. 

Portland,  Ore.  The  new  public  library 
building,  one  of  the  largest,  most  commod- 
ious and  modernly  arranged  structures  of  its 
kind  in  the  entire  country,  was  formally 
opened  on  Sept.  9. 

Red  Bank,  N.  J.  The  new  public  library 
was  opened  on  Aug.  9. 


South  Whitley,  Ind.,  is  to  have  a  new  Car- 
negie library  costing  $10,000 

Valley  Falls,  N.  Y.  The  dedicatory  exer- 
cises of  the  new  library  took  place  on  Friday 
evening,  September  8. 

Waterloo,  Ind.  The  cornerstone  of  the  new 
library  was  laid  Aug.  30. 


THE  appraisal  of  the  estate  of  John  Shaw 
Billings,  Deputy  Surgeon-General,  U.  S.  A., 
during  the  Civil  War,  and  formerly  a  director 
of  the  New  York  Public  Library,  has  been 
filed,  placing  the  assets  of  his  estate  at  a 
value  of  $139,891  on  the  date  of  his  death, 
March  n.  His  property  was  for  the  most 
part  in  securities,  among  which  was  one  share 
of  the  New  York  Society  Library,  valued  at 
$125.  He  divided  his  estate  in  equal  shares 
among  his  five  children,  Mrs.  Mary  Clare 
Ord,  Mrs.  Kate  S.  Wilson,  Mrs.  Jesse  Hart- 
ley, Margaret  J.  Billings,  and  Dr.  John  Sedg- 
wick  Billings. 

ELLIOTT,  Mrs.  E.  T.,  has  been  engaged  as 
librarian  of  the  library  recently  inaugurated 
in  Galesburg,  111. 

GAMBLE,  Martha,  was  elected  assistant  li- 
brarian of  the  Lima  Public  Library,  Ohio,  to 
fill  the  vacancy  left  by  the  resignation  of  Miss 
Lyle  Harter. 

GRIFFIN,  Jeanne,  Drexel  1909,  has  resigned 
her  position  in  the  Duluth  Public  Library  to 
become  assistant  librarian  in  the  North  Da- 
kota Agricultural  College  Library,  Fargo, 
N.  D. 

GROVER,  Hazel,  is  librarian  of  the  new  pub- 
lic library  at  Hackettstown,  N.  J. 

HARRIS,  Ellen  M.,  has  been  appointed  lib- 
rarian of  the  Harford  county,  Md.,  Public 
Library. 

HAWKINS,  Mrs.  George  B.,  has  been  ap- 
pointed to  succeed  Miss  Donna  Scott  as  libra- 
rian of  the  Herbert  Kraft  Free  Library,  Red 
Bluff,  Cal. 

HINKUE,  Mrs.  Mary,  has  been  appointed 
librarian  of  the  newly-opened  Carnegie  library 
in  Bloomfield,  la. 

HORTON,  Marion,  has  been  appointed  libra- 
rian in  Tremont  High  School,  Oakland,  Cal. 

KULDALKAR,  J.  S.,  the  successor  of  Mr.  Wi.  A. 
Borden  as  director  of  state  libraries  of  Ba- 
roda,  India,  trained  by  him  in  the  first  class  of 
the  Baroda  Library  School,  arrived  in  this 
country  from  India  Sept.  20,  and  spent  Library 
week  at  Lake  George,  where  his  affability  and 
evident  ability  made  him  most  welcome.  Mr. 
Kuldalkar  is  also  editor  of  the  Library  Miscel- 
lany and  president  of  the  Baroda  Library  Club. 
He  is  a  graduate  of  Bombay  College,  of  the 
Brahmin  caste,  and  of  the  Brahma  Somag  re- 
ligion. He  has  made  a  professional  tour 


588 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


through  the  continent  and  England,  and  will 
visit  the  libraries  in  America  on  his  way 
around  the  world ;  and  American  librarians 
will  doubtless  give  him  the  same  cordial  wel- 
come which  they  gave  to  our  German  and 
Japanese  visitors  last  year. 

MALONE,  Mary,  has  been  appointed  to  suc- 
ceed Alberta  Malone,  resigned,  as  assistant 
librarian  of  the  Atlanta,  Ga.,  Public  Library. 

McKEE,  Clara,  has  accepted  a  position  as 
librarian  in  Providence,  R.  I. 

MULHERON,  Annie,  of  the  circulation  de- 
partment of  the  Detroit  Public  Library,  has  re- 
signed to  go  to  Honolulu  for  social  service 
work  among  the  Chinese. 

PORTER,  Mrs.  Cora  Case,  of  Oklahoma  City 
was  unanimously  elected  to  the  position  of 
librarian  of  the  Enid,  Okla.,  Carnegie  library, 
the  position  recently  vacated  by  the  marriage 
of  Miss  Mildred  Bailey  of  this  city,  Mrs. 
Porter  will  assume  her  duties  in  Enid  the  first 
of  September.  She  has  been  assistant  librarian 
in  the  Carnegie  library  in  Oklahoma  City. 

ROCKWELL,  Helen  E.,  Drexel,  1913,  who  had 
had  some  twelve  years  experience  in  library 
work  before  taking  the  Drexel  course,  has  ac- 
cepted the  position  of  head  cataloger  in  the 
Public  Library  of  Duluth,  Minn. 

SANDERS,  W.  W.,  a  colored  man,  has  been 
appointed  State  Librarian  by  Governor  Hat- 
field  of  West  Virginia. 

TEST,  Marjorie,  Drexel  1913,  has  been  ap- 
pointed assistant  at  the  Cooper  Park  branch 
of  the  Camden  (N.  J.)  Free  Public  Library. 

TRIMBLE,  Katherine  M.,  of  the  class  of  1912- 
13,  has  been  appointed  library  assistant  in  the 
Drexel  Institute  Library  and  placed  in  charge 
of  the  loan  desk 

TYLER,  Alice  S.  The  Des  Moines  Library 
Club  had  the  pleasure  of  entertaining  Miss 
Alice  S.  Tyler  at  a  farewell  breakfast  on  Aug. 
30.  The  best  wishes  of  all  go  with  her  in  her 
new  capacity  as  director  of  the  Western  Re- 
serve University  Library  School.  Miss  Julia 
A.  Robinson,  Miss  Tyler's  successor  as  secre- 
tary of  the  Iowa  Library  Commission,  was  an 
honored  guest  of  the  club. 

WARNER,  Mrs.  Cassandra  U.,  Drexel,  1909, 
has  resigned  her  position  as  reference  librarian 
of  the  Kansas  City  Public  Library. 

WEBER,  L.  W.,  has  been  appointed  librarian 
of  the  Detroit  College  of  Law,  succeeding 
Mrs.  Hanley,  who  recently  resigned. 

WELLS,  Blanche  L,  has  accepted  a  position 
in  the  Public  Library  at  Lancaster,  Mass. 

WILLIAMS,  Wilie,  succeeds  Emily  Hemp, 
who  has  resigned  from  the  Atlanta,  Ga., 
Public  Library  to  accept  a  position  in  El  Paso, 
Tex. 


0ifts  anfc  Bequest* 


Ashfield,  Mass.  Mr.  M.  M.  Belding  of  New 
York,  a  native  of  Ashfield,  has  given  it  a  lib- 
rary building  which,  when  finished  and 
equipped,  will  house  fourteen  thousand  vol- 
umes and  will  have  cost  $30,000. 

Athens,  Ga.  William  Davis,  of  Macon,  pre- 
sented the  University  Law  School  with  a  law 
library  consisting  of  600  volumes. 

Bayonne,  N.  J.  Andrew  Carnegie  has  given 
$25,000  for  an  addition  to  the  Bayonne  Free 
Public  Library. 

Belleville,  Mo.  A  new  library  building  is  to 
be  erected  from  Andrew  Carnegie's  gift  of 
$45,000. 

Bennington,  Vt.  The  late  Colonel  Scott  left 
the  library  $5000  to  be  held  in  trust  by  the 
association,  the  income  only  to  be  expended 
in  the  purchase  of  books. 

California.  The  State  Assembly  has  voted 
to  accept  the  library  of  the  late  Adolph  Sutro 
and  to  house  it  in  a  special  building  for  which 
$70,000  has  been  appropriated. 

Chicago,  III.  The  municipal  reference  li- 
brary which  the  city  council  last  spring  voted 
to  establish  permanently  in  the  city  hall  opened 
ready  for  the  use  of  council  members  and  the 
city  law  department. 

Deerfield,  N.  H.  The  books  at  Mrs.  Butter- 
field's  winter  residence,  616  Fifth  avenue,  New 
York,  are  left  to  the  Philbrick  James  Library. 
This  institution  will  also  receive  $4000  and 
several  pictures  and  bookcases. 

Sacramento,  Cal  Through  M.  J.  Burke, 
President  of  the  City  Commission,  has  ac- 
cepted the  offer  made  by  Andrew  Carnegie  to 
contribute  $175,000  for  a  Carnegie  library 
building  in  this  city,  provided  the  city  fur- 
nishes a  free  site  and  contributes  $17,500  an- 
nually towards  its  maintenance. 

Sea  Cliff,  L.  L  Mrs.  Samuel  Stenson,  of 
Brooklyn,  has  presented  to  the  village  a  li- 
brary in  memory  of  her  husband. 

Springfield,  Mass.  By  will  of  the  late  Mr. 
Charles  Chase  the  library  received  $2000. 

Troy,  N.  Y.  The  Central  Y.  M.  C.  A.  for- 
mally opened  its  new  library  on  Sept.  6.  This 
is  a  gift  of  its  president,  Robert  Cluett,  and 
contains  noo  books. 

Winchester,  Va.  It  is  unfortunate  that  there 
are  not  more  frequent  instances  of  library  be- 
quests such  as  that  which  has  conferred  upon 
Winchester,  Va.,  the  possession  of  a  fine  lib- 
rary and  a  fund  for  its  maintenance  that  will 
rank  with  those  of  some  of  the  large  cities. 
The  Handley  Library  is  an  outcome  of  the  be- 
quest of  Judge  John  Handley,  of  Scranton, 
Pa.,  who  died  in  1894.  The  amount  of  money 


October,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


589 


available  for  the  library  is  a  million  dollars, 
two  hundred  thousand  of  which  has  been  de- 
voted to  the  structure  and  the  remainder  to 
the  endowment.  The  handsome  library  build- 
ing was  formally  opened  on  Aug.  21. 

Worcester,  Mass.  The  Public  Library  has 
recently  received  the  valuable  private  library 
of  Lewis  W.  Hammond,  formerly  of  that  city. 
The  collection,  gathered  by  Mr.  Hammond 
during  many  years,  numbers  1439  volumes,  all 
in  admirable  condition.  It  comprises  chiefly 
the  English  and  American  classics  and  is 
especially  rich  in  biographical  and  critical 
literature  relating  to  the  English  and  American 
stage. 

Zanestield,  O.  Dr.  Earl  S.  Sloan,  of  Boston, 
a  native  of  Zanesfield,  has  bought  the  site  of 
the  school  which  he  attended  as  a  boy  and  will 
erect  thereon  a  public  library  at  a  cost  of 
$6,500. 

Xtbcan?  iReports 

Alameda  (Co/.)  P.  L.  Marcella  H.  Krauth, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  June  30,  '13.)  Acces- 
sions 2635.  Total  41,720.  Circulation  129,920. 
New  registration  1128.  Total  10,992.  Re- 
ceipts $11,977.39.  Expenditures  $11,965.67. 

Brooklyn  (N.  F.)  Brooklyn  Institute  of 
Arts  and  Sciences  L.  Susan  A.  Hutchinson, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Accessions  733.  Total 
20,594.  3385  people  have  used  the  library. 

The  past  year  has  been  one  of  the  most 
productive  of  visual  results  in  its  history  for  it 
has  seen  the  installation  of  suitable  library 
equipment.  This  marks  the  culmination  of 
plans  laid  in  previous  years  and  includes  li- 
brary stack  and  catalog  cases,  and  makes  pos- 
sible the  establishment  of  a  periodical  room 
and  the  organization  of  the  map  collection. 
The  end  of  the  year  finds  the  Library  observ- 
ing one  of  the  first  principles  of  scientific 
management  which  is  "to  systematize  each 
piece  of  routine  work  so  that  it  may  be  done 
in  the  shortest  time  with  the  least  expenditure 
of  energy." 

Cleveland  (Ohio)  P.  L.  William  H.  Brett, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  80,979. 
Total  487,398.  Circulation  3,650,198.  New 
registration  28,904.  Total  144,437.  Receipts 
$358,543.88.  Expenditures  $369,965.23. 

The  staff  numbers  about  200  regular  as- 
sistants. The  opening  of  the  Lorain  branch 
on  March  28,  was  the  building  event  of  the 
year.  Other  new  buildings  are  the  Sterling, 
Alta  and  Quincy,  either  complete  or  in  course 
of  construction.  On  Dec.  ip  the  municipal 
reference  branch  was  opened  in  the  City  Hall. 
The  big  event  in  the  year's  history  of  the  li- 
brary was  the  successful  campaign  for  a  two 
million  dollar  bond  issue  for  a  new  main  li- 
brary building.  An  interesting  by-product  of 
the  bond  campaign  was  the  result  of  the  use 


of  the  library.  During  the  first  quarter  of  the 
year,  before  the  publicity  anent  the  bond  issue 
began,  came  less  than  one-seventh  of  the 
total  increase  in  circulation. 

Concord  (N.  H.)  P.  L.  Grace  Blanchard, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  725;  total 
31,625.  Circulation  87,287.  New  registration 
650;  total  9600. 

Elmira  (N.  F.)  Steele  Memorial  L.  Kate 
Deane  Andrew,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr  ending  June 
30,  '13.)  Accessions  1205;  total  19,279.  Cir- 
culation 78,447.  New  registration  1250.. 

The  work  with  clubs  has  broadened,  and 
they  depend  upon  the  library  service  in  the 
arrangement  of  programs  and  in  following  the 
course  of  study  for  the  year.  The  library  has 
pursued  the  policy  of  encouraging  the  public 
to  feel  a  proprietary  interest  in  the  library,  and 
of  keeping  in  touch  with  every  activity  in  the 
city.  The  past  year  shows  increased  use  of  all 
departments,  a  larger  issue  of  books  for  home 
use,  a  greater  number  of  patrons,  and  a  general 
evidence  of  progress.  Instruction  of  the  eighth 
grade  pupils  of  the  public  schools  has  been 
continued,  and  the  results  in  intelligent  use  of 
the  library  by  academy  students  seems  to  jus- 
tify us  in  this  effort.  The  librarian,  by  special 
arrangement  with  the  superintendent  of 
schools,  was  allowed  to  meet  this  year  with  the 
teachers  of  each  of  the  grammar  schools.  In 
these  informal  conferences  juvenile  literature, 
the  value  of  good  reading,  and  various  matters 
pertaining  to  the  library  and  the  school  were 
discussed.  The  gain  in  circulation  in  the  juve- 
nile department  of  over  2000  volumes  is,  in  a 
measure,  due  to  the  visits  in  the  schools  this 
year.  Another  departure  this  year  has  been 
the  history  lists  made  for  academy  students. 
With  the  cooperation  of  the  head  of  the  his- 
tory department  of  the  academy,  lists  of  fiction 
under  different  countries  and  periods  were 
compiled,  and  the  books  were  made  required 
reading  for  the  students.  An  effort  has  been 
made  to  secure  many  books  adapted  to  the 
needs  of  busy  men,  such  as  mechanics,  engi- 
neers, carpenters,  and  others  who  want  prac- 
tical books.  To  this  end  circulars  calling  at- 
tention to  the  fact  that  the  library  can  furnish 
books  along  these  lines  were  sent  out  to  be 
enclosed  in  the  pay  envelopes  of  the  employees. 
About  3500  circulars  were  distributed  in  this 
way. 

Hartford,  Conn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  Aug., 
IQI3-)  Circulation  21,750.  Total  registration 
342. 

Los  Angeles  (Cal.)  P.  L.  Everett  R.  Perry, 
Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912-13.)  Accessions  38,928. 
Total  224,349.  Circulation  1,185,043.  New 
registration  28,748.  Total  70,361.  Receipts 
$170,346.22.  Expenditures  $170,133.29. 

The  staff  numbers  112.  During  the  year 
36,301  volumes  have  been  cataloged;  34,709 
classified;  16,530  bound.  Complete  inventory 
made  between  December,  1912,  and  April,  1913. 


590 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


Story  telling  and  reference  work  with  children 
and  on  topics  relating  to  child  life  have  been 
especially  emphasized.  There  are  on  file  639 
magazines.  A  special  feature  of  the  reference 
work  has  been  developed  by  the  appointment 
of  Mr.  T.  J.  Fitzpatrick  to  attend  to  the  re- 
quests of  artisans,  scientific  and  technical 
readers,  and  business  men.  The  library  has 
20  branches. 

Louisville  (Ky.)  P.  L.  Mr.  Settle,  Ibn. 
(Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  19,061 ;  total  vol- 
umes in  library  163,214.  Circulation  776,654. 
New  registration  9387;  total  40,824.  Receipts 
$85,553.52;  expenditures  $81,041.78. 

The  library  system  consists  of  the  main  li- 
brary, 7  branches,  213  class  room  collections 
in  schools,  and  37  deposit  stations.  Books 
cataloged  during  year  16,921 ;  total  cataloged 
in  libraries  134,117. 

Newark  (N.  J.)  F.  P.  L.  John  Cotton  Dana, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  19,184;  to- 
tal 203,257.  Circulation  1,073,054.  Total  regis- 
tration 52,492.  Receipts  $129,312.51.  Expendi- 
tures $129,303.84: 

The  staff  numbers  90.  Books  bound  during 
the  year  16,724;  books  repaired  48,728.  Books 
lent  at  branches  491,256;  79,050  of  this  number 
were  lent  to  high  school.  There  are  on  file 
336  periodicals. 

A  course  of  12  lessons  on  the  Use  of  books 
and  a  library  were  given  to  220  students.  390 
meetings  were  held  in  the  library  building  dur- 
ing the  year. 

Oakland]  (Cal.)  P.  L.  Chas  S.  Greene,  Ibn. 
(Rpt. — yr.  ending  June,  1913.)  Total  volumes 
67,349.  Circulation  56,957.  Registration  56,287. 

The  staff  numbers  90.  There  are  twelve 
branches  in  city  and  21  in  county.  Number 
of  magazines  265 ;  21  for  circulation ;  bound 
magazines  444;  116  newspapers  received  regu- 
larly. 

Pomona  (Co/.)  P.  L.  Sarah  M.  Jacobus, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  Je.,  1913.)  Accessions 
2844;  total  volumes  in  library  23,568.  Circula- 
tion 101,237.  Total  registration  8228.  Total 
re-registration  2861. 

The  library  was  closed  for  moving  into  new 
rooms  from  July  I  to  15.  The  assembly  room 
has  been  found  useful  by  debating  teams  and 
other  clubs. 

Portland  (Me.)  P.  L.  Alice  C.  Furbish,  Ibn. 
(Rpt. — 1912.)  Accessions  2341;  total  volumes 
in  library  67,918.  Grculation  83,946.  New 
registration  2941 ;  total  8228.  Receipts  $12,- 
200.13;  expenditures  $12,086.14. 

The  staff  numbers  n.  The  total  recorded 
attendance  in  the  reference  room  and  adult 
and  young  people's  reading  rooms  was  66,827. 
The  work  done  in  reference  room  increases 
in  amount  and  improves  in  kind. 

Providence  (R.  I.}  Westerly  P.  L.  Joseph 
L.  Peacock,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  ending  Aug., 
^fQiS-)  Total  accessions  32,950.  Circulation 
66,073.  Total  registration  2877. 


Redlands  (Cal.)  A.  K.  Smiley  P.  L.  Artena 
M.  Chapin,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  July,  1913.) 
Accessions  2370;  total  volumes  in  library  23,- 
887.  Circulation  105,060.  New  registration 
1013 ;  total  6208.  Receipts  $17,373.71 ;  expen- 
ditures $17,31571. 

St.  Louis  (Mo.)  P.  L.  Arthur  E.  Bostwick, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  Apr.  30,  '13.)  Acces- 
sions 30,657;  total  374,997-  Circulation  1,807,- 
327.  New  registration  20,774;  total  93,307.  Re- 
ceipts $239,368.11;  expenditures  $222,015.76. 

The  staff,  including  members  of  the  training 
class,  now  numbers  233  persons  (96  men  and 
137  women). 

The  Department  of  Records  has  been  aban- 
doned and  the  position  of  assistant  in  charge 
of  supplies  created.  The  new  bindery  depart- 
ment in  the  central  building  is  in  full  operation. 

The  library  proper  now  consists  of  seven 
buildings  covering  nearly  two  acres. 

The  new  Central  Library,  which  has  been 
in  use  for  more  than  a  year,  has  not  proved 
expensive  in  administration  in  excess  of  the 
original  estimates,  the  report  states. 

The  reference  collection  now  contains  86,000 
volumes,  and  several  thousand  volumes  are 
being  added  each  year.  The  use  of  this  de- 
partment, says  the  report,  has  trebled  in  a  year. 
There  have  been  several  notable  exhibitions  of 
art  in  the  art  department,  the  library  having 
become  a  member  of  the  American  Federation 
of  Arts  and  having  displayed  five  of  its  exhibi- 
tions. 

The  applied  science  and  municipal  reference 
departments  have  become  popular,  while  a 
diversified  system  of  work,  study  and  enter- 
tainment has  been  inaugurated  in  the  children's 
department. 

Extension  work  has  been  carried  on  actively, 
the  library  supplying  branch  stations  through- 
out the  city.  The  traveling  library  and  public 
delivery  and  deposit  stations  have  contributed 
to  the  large  use  of  the  library's  facilities. 

A  training  class  of  n  members  was  grad- 
uated on  June  14,  1912,  exercises  being  held  in 
the  central  building,  with  an  address  on  "The 
librarian,"  by  Dr.  Bostwick,  and  remarks  by 
Mrs.  Harriet  P.  Sawyer,  head  of  the  Instruc- 
tion Department. 

San  Francisco  (Cal.)  P.  L.  Robert  Rea, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — ending  June,  1913.)  Total  vol- 
umes 130,381.  Total  circulation  219,828.  Total 
registration  41,016. 

The  staff  numbers  57.  There  are  6  branches 
and  13  deposit  stations. 

Westfield  (N.  Y.)  Patterson  L.  Sarah  H. 
Ames,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912-13.)  Accessions 
865;  total  19,080.  Circulation  25,527  (adult 
fiction  50  per  cent.)  Population  4000. 

FOREIGN 

Birmingham  (Eng.)  Free  Libraries.  Walter 
Powell,  chief  librarian.  (Rpt.— yr.  ending 
March  31,  '13.)  Accessions  17,131;  total 
445,675.  Circulation  2,217,563.  Registration 
79,io8. 


October,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


591 


Communications 


PERIODICAL    INDEXES— A    REPLY 
Editor   Library   Journal  : 

IN  the  June  issue  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 
Mr.  Charles  H.  Brown  discusses  American  pe- 
riodicals and  their  relation  to  the  needs  of 
American  libraries.  Speaking  of  The  H.  W. 
Wilson  Company's  new  publications,  he  crit- 
icises the  policy  of  transferring  18  magazines 
from  the  Readers'  Guide  to  the  Readers'  Guide 
Supplement,  and  of  indexing  in  the  Supplement 
five  that  were  included  in  the  Magazine  Sub- 
ject-Index for  1912. 

It  is  true  that  for  the  time  being  the  transfer 
of  magazines  from  one  index  to  another  may 
cause  some  confusion,  but  the  change  must 
eventually  result  in  very  much  better  service, 
especially  to  small  and  medium-sized  libraries. 
Up  to  1913  only  two  periodical  indexes  were 
published  by  the  Wilson  Company,  the  Read- 
ers' Guide  and  the  Readers'  Guide  Abridged, 
the  latter  being  identical  with  the  larger  Guide 
in  the  indexing  for  its  22  magazines. 

The  list  of  periodicals  in  the  Readers'  Guide 
has  grown  from  20  indexed  in  1901  to  94,  to- 
gether with  six  yearly  reports,  indexed  in  1912. 
The  selection  of  these  magazines  during  this 
time  was  made  with  reference  to  the  needs  of 
libraries  both  large  and  small.  When  the  Cu- 
mulative-Index to  a  Selected  List  of  Period- 
icals was  consolidated  with  the  Readers'  Guide 
in  1903  the  complete  list  indexed  in  it  was 
transferred  to  the  Guide.  During  the  years 
1901  to  1912  many  periodicals  ceased  publica- 
tion, also  some  few  were  dropped  and  others 
substituted  which  were  of  more  value  in  refer- 
ence work. 

The  Annual  Library  Index  for  1910  was  the 
last  issue  retaining  the  feature  of  an  index  to 
periodicals.  This  made  the  need  urgent  for  an 
index  to  a  larger  list  than  was  supplied  by  the 
Readers'  Guide.  The  publishers  could  not 
without  financial  loss  include  more  material  in 
the  Guide  at  the  same  subscription  price,  and 
the  smaller  and  medium-sized  libraries  did  not 
care  for  the  inclusion  of  periodicals  which  they 
did  not  subscribe  for,  so  the  Readers'  Guide 
Supplement  was  undertaken.  Its  inception  was 
a  fitting  time  to  take  out  of  the  Guide  the  mag- 
azines usually  found  only  in  libraries  which 
would  be  likely  to  subscribe  for  the  Supple- 
ment, viz.,  the  large  ones.  This  would  make 
room  in  the  Guide,  at  approximately  the  same 
cost,  for  those  periodicals — some  of  them  the 
newer  ventures,  some  of  them  greatly  im- 
proved of  recent  years — which  libraries  had 
been  calling  for,  and  which  not  only  the  large 
but  the  small  and  medium-sized  libraries  sub- 
scribed for.  Eighteen  were  transferred  to  the 
Supplement.  Of  these  14  were  either  quarter- 
lies or  published  less  often  than  monthlies, 
three  were  monthlies,  and  one,  Nature,  a  week- 
ly. On  the  whole,  the  Guide  will  be  increased 


in  size  and  in  usefulness  for  a  large  majority 
of  its  users,  though  there  ate  a  few  who  lose 
by  the  change. 

The  list  for  the  Supplement,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  those  transferred  from  the  Guide, 
has  been  chosen  by  the  large  libraries  by  means 
of  a  referendum  vote. 

It  is  not  the  intention  of  the  publishers  here- 
after to  transfer  periodicals  from  the  Guide  to 
the  Supplement,  or  vice  versa.  Periodicals 
may,  however,  be  dropped,  as  for  example 
Hearsfs  Magazine  and  the  Cosmopolitan, 
which  are  now  under  advisement  for  discon- 
tinuance on  the  initiative  of  libraries. 

We  have  observed  that  it  has  been  the  cus- 
tom in  the  past  for  the  Magazine  Subject- 
Index  to  cease  indexing  any  periodicals  that 
were  put  on  the  Readers'  Guide  list,  confining 
itself  solely  to  periodicals  not  elsewhere  in- 
dexed, and  we  have  reason  to  believe  that  this 
custom  will  be  adhered  to  in  the  case  of  the 
five  that  were  in  the  Magazine  Subject  Index 
in  1912.  Since  the  Magazine  Subject-Index  is 
published  only  once  a  year  the  transfer  will 
work  no  hardship  to  libraries. 

The  same  reasoning  applies  to  the  inclusion 
of  books  in  both  the  Guide  and  Supplement  as 
holds  good  for  the  periodicals  indexed.  The 
more  popular  composite  books  are  chosen  for 
the  Guide,  and  those  well  worth  indexing,  but 
probably  purchased  only  by  the  larger  libraries 
are  put  in  the  Supplement,  in  short  the  indexes 
are  made  to  fit  the  libraries.  As  large  libraries 
also  have  the  Guide,  there  is  no  discrimination 
against  any  one.  If  the  books  worthy  of  in- 
dexing were  all  included  in  the  Guide  the  ex- 
pense to  the  publishers  would  be  greater  than 
could  be  borne  at  the  present  subscription  rates. 
If,  on  the  other  hand,  they  were  all  included 
in  the  Supplement,  the  smaller  libraries  and 
their  patrons  would  be  deprived  of  a  service 
which  has  proved  exceedingly  useful  and  val- 
uable to  themu 

The  Industrial  Arts  Index  was  undertaken 
because  of  urgent  and  often  repeated  calls  by 
librarians  and  others  for  such  an  index.  True, 
almost  all  the  periodicals  on  its  list  are  in- 
dexed regularly  by  the  Engineering  Magazine 
in  its  monthly  "Engineering  index";  but  be- 
cause it  is  an  alphabetical  classed  bibliography 
under  large  main  subdivisions  it  is  almost  im- 
possible for  anyone  but  an  expert  to  find  the 
material  without  a  long  search  for  it.  and  even 
the  expert,  unless  he  wishes  only  a  record  of 
the  month's  additions  to  the  literature  in  his 
own  field,  might,  nine  times  out  of  ten,  be  bet- 
ter served  by  a  bi-monthly  cumulated  index. 
The  popular  use  of  the  Readers'  Guide  has 
demonstrated  the  usability  by  the  public  of  ma- 
terial all  in  one  alphabet,  and  it  is  on  this  plan 
that  the  Industrial  Arts  Index  is  published. 

Again,  the  Industrial  Arts  Index  is  not  only 
an  index  to  engineering  periodicals  but  to 
those  on  special  trades,  as  for  example,  the 
Inland  Printer,  Ice  and  Refrigeration,  etc.  Pre- 
sumably a  large  number  of  the  periodicals  to 


592 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[October,  1913 


be  added  to  the  list  indexed  will  be  of  this 
character.  Engineering  and  the  trades  are  so 
closely  and  increasingly  allied  in  these  days 
that  it  is  exceedingly  fitting  to  combine  the 
record  of  their  literature  in  one  publication. 

It  makes  for  efficiency  that  the  Industrial 
Arts  Index  is  published  five  times  a  year,  cu- 
mulating each  time,  while  the  index  in  the 
Engineering  Magazine  cumulates  yearly  only 
in  the  Engineering  Index. 

A  periodical  bibliography  on  social  sciences 
such  as  Mr.  Brown  suggests  would  no  doubt 
be  of  much  value  to  librarians,  but  at  present 
there  seems  to  be  the  largest  popular  demand 
for  an  index  to  agricultural  literature.  Fol- 
lowing this  closely  is  the  need  for  an  educa- 
tional index,  and  then  comes  the  social  sciences. 
The  H.  W.  Wilson  Company  has  under  consid- 
eration some  such  ventures  as  these  in  "the 
untrodden  paths  in  the  field  of  periodical  bib- 
liography," and  when  there  seems  to  be  a  pros- 
pect of  financial  support  for  them  they  will  be 
undertaken.  No  matter  how  useful  or  how 
valuable  a  bibliographical  publication  might  be, 
it  could  not  long  survive  if  it  did  not  reach  a 
strictly  commercial  basis,  unless  it  were  sub- 
sidized, or  else  published  by  an  organization, 
such  as  the  American  Library  Association, 
having  funds  for  that  purpose. 
^  A  committee  of  the  American  Library  Asso- 
ciation to  investigate  the  problem  of  the  in- 
dexing of  periodicals  might  be  desirable.  How- 
ever, so  far  as  investigating  is  concerned,  it  is 
difficult  to  see  how  any  committee  would  do 
such  work  with  anywhere  near  as  much  thor- 
oughness, as  The  H.  W.  Wilson  Company  in- 
vestigates for  itself.  It  is  very  evident,  if  it 
is  to  plan  and  make  a  publication  which  is  to 
gain  the  support  of  libraries,  it  is  necessary  to 
make  it  on  that  plan  that  is  most  useful  to  li- 
braries. In  order  to  determine  what  periodicals 
should  be  indexed,  the  Wilson  Company  has 
compiled  lists  of  periodicals  subscribed  for  by 
libraries  at  different  times.  Then  these  lists 
under  consideration  have  been  submitted  and 
have  received  the  votes  of  libraries  to  deter- 
mine which  periodicals  are  most  needed.  In 
other  ways  also  the  company  has  sought  by 
scientific  methods  to  determine  with  consider- 
able care  just  what  to  do  and  how  to  do  it. 
It  would,  however,  appreciate  the  cooperation 
of  a  committee;  indeed,  it  has  always  sought 
advice  and  cooperation.  H.  W.  WILSON. 

THE  following  communication  sent  to  the 
editor  of  the  New  York  Evening  Post  may 
be  of  interest  to  L.  j.  readers: 

To   the  Editor  of  the  Evening  Post: 

SIR:  Some  time  ago  I  addressed  the  same 
query  to  the  libraries  of  Boston,  New  York, 
and  Washington,  namely,  what  Spanish  novels 
of  chivalry  printed  before  1650  were  in  their 
possession?  There  is  a  list  of  such  novels 
in  the  fortieth  volume  of  the  Biblioteca  de 
Autores  Espanoles.  The  reply  from  New 


York  was  that  they  had  not  a  single  one,  and 
from  the  other  two  cities  that  they  could  not' 
answer  my  question.  If  I  had  to  rely  on 
American  libraries,  my  recent  article  in  the 
Archiv  fur  des  Studium  der  neueren 
Sprachen  would  never  have  been  written. 
One  librarian  went  so  far  as  to  send  me  a 
list  of  picaresque  novels,  and  on  my  remon- 
strance he  replied  that  the  novels  of  chivalry 
and  the  picaresque  novels  were  so  much  alike 
that  they  could  be  easily  mistaken  one  for  the 
other.  In  the  recent  book  on  Greek  novels  by 
Dr.  S.  L.  Wolff  there  is  no  evidence  that  the 
author  has  seen  any  of  the  old  editions  of  the 
Italian  translation  of  Achilles  Tatius.  I  sup- 
pose they  were  not  accessible.  Now,  I  have 
three  copies  of  them  in  my  possession,  bought 
at  fifty  cents  apiece. 

The  Italian  play,  //  Sacrificio  degli  Intro- 
nati,  is  very  often  mentioned  as  a  possible 
source  of  Shakespeare's  "Twelfth  Night." 
Now,  the  late  Dr.  Furness  had  a  copy  of  it, 
and  I  have  three  of  them,  but  a  person  who 
should  ask  for  it  at  an  American  library 
would  probably  get  nothing  but  a  stare. 

There  is  nothing  more  mischievous  than 
the  American  librarian's  notion  that  a  book 
has  to  be  bought  only  when  there  is  a  demand 
for  it.  Some  books  have  to  be  bought  as 
soon  as  a  chance  presents  itself,  irrespective 
of  the  demand.  I  had  only  one  chance  of 
buying  a  certain  book  in  my  whole  life;  I 
bought  it,  and  have  been  using  it  constantly. 

There  is  another  question  which  I  should 
like  to  touch,  namely,  that  of  etiquette.  When 
I  write  for  information  to  a  European  library, 
I  generally  get  a  reply  from  the  librarian 
himself  or  his  assistant,  and  the  reply  is  to 
the  point.  In  this  country  one  is  likely  to  get 
a  letter  of  an  extraordinary  flippancy,  smack- 
ing of  centuries  of  half-education  and  signed 
Miss  Dashaway.  Some  time  ago  one  of  the 
best  libraries  was  requested  to  send  a  com- 
plete edition  of  Straparola's  novels.  An 
abridged  edition  was  duly  received  the  next 
day.  In  fact,  most  of  the  librarians  do  not 
know  whether  the  editions  in  the  library  are 
abridged  or  not,  unless  it  is  specified  in  letters 
of  an  inch  size  on  the  title.  The  fallacy  of 
the  American  notion  of  cataloging  books  from 
the  titles  alone  will  sooner  or  later  become 
apparent.  JOSEPH  DE  PEROTT. 

Worcester,    Mass.,    August    12. 

Xibrars  Calendar 

Oct.  1-2  (?)  Vt.  L.  A.,  Woodstock. 

7-10.  Ohio  L.  A.,  annual  meeting,  Ober- 
lin,  O. 

8-10  (?).  Minn.  L.  A.,  annual  meeting, 
State  University,  Minneapolis. 

9-10.  Keystone  State  L.  A.,  annual  meet- 
ing, Erie,  Pa. 

15-17.  Nebraska  L.  A.,  annual  meeting, 
Omaha,  Neb. 

22-24.  Mo.  and  Kan.  L.  A.,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 


I.     "Floors    were    covered    several    inches    deep    \vith     black,    slimy,    sticky    mud,    into'  which    books    were 

embedded    as    a    thick    carpet." 


II.     "In    two    days    they    shoveled    out    forty    wagon    loads    of    nuul,    books   and    debris    from    the    children's 

and    document    rooms." 


OHIO     MI'.KARIES    IN    THE    FLOOD 


ITI.     "Most    of    the    catalog    cards    were    legible,  though    much    of    the    ink,    especially    the    hektograph 
and    red    inks,    ran    badly.      The    fiction    catalog    was   found    to   be   a   mass    of   mould   and    mildew." 


IV.  "Where  the  shelves  had  not  been  full  most  of  the  books  had  been  swept  onto  the  floor;  where 
shelves  were  nearly  full  the  rows  of  books  had  swelled,  distending  the  ends  of  case  and  dropping 
the  shelves." 


OHIO    LIBRARIES    IN    THE    FLOOD 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


VOL.  38 


NOVEMBER,    1913 


No.   ii 


"LIBRARY  week"  at  Lake  George  at  the 
close  of  September  was  the  usual  pleasant 
success.  It  was  devoted  in  some  measure  to 
reminiscences  of  the  past,  which  brought  out 
strikingly  the  growth  of  the  library  move- 
ment as  indicated  in  the  attendance  at  the 
library  meetings.  In  1885,  twenty-eight  years 
ago,  when  the  A.  L.  A.  itself  met  at  Lake 
George,  the  attendance  at  the  national  meet- 
ing was  but  eighty-seven,  while  library  week 
of  the  New  York  State  organization,  and  its 
visitors,  brings  together  each  year  half  as  many 
again,  and  the  yearly  Atlantic  City  meeting 
shows  a  like  contrast  equally  striking.  In 
respect  to  the  development  of  the  official 
organization  of  the  library  movement  on  the 
part  of  states  and  cities,  Mr.  Eastman's 
record  of  library  legislation,  which  will  be 
given,  as  usual,  complete  for  the  year  in 
an  early  number  of  the  JOURNAL  next  year, 
left  Arkansas  among  the  doubtful  states. 
Arkansas  has,  in  fact,  passed  the  bill  for  a 
library  commission,  though  with  an  insuffici- 
ent appropriation;  as  to  South  Dakota,  it  is 
not  yet  known  whether  the  bill  has  passed. 
Mr.  Yost's  paper,  referring  in  its  title  to  the 
dawn  of  the  library  spirit  in  the  city  of  Roches- 
ter, rounded  up,  as  it  were,  the  list  of  im- 
portant cities  in  the  development  of  municipal 
library  systems,  although  Rochester,  like 
Brooklyn,  is  in  the  stage  of  working  branch 
libraries,  without  an  adequate  central  library. 
Within  the  coming  year,  it  may  be  added, 
building  developments  at  San  Francisco  and 
St.  Paul  should  give  those  great  cities  at 
least  the  start  of  adequate  central  library 
buildings,  and  there  is  scarcely  any  impor- 
tant city  now  left  without  a  public  library 
building  to  center  attention  as  the  cathedral 
centered  the  cities  of  olden  times. 

RESPECTING  babies,  these  have  not  yet  been 
.accepted,  in  the  children's  room  as  library 
clientele,  nor  can  maidens  and  young  men  who 
constitute  the  great  proportion  of  the  library 
profession  be  expected  to  have  much  know- 
ledge of  them  either  personally  or  profession- 
ally. Nevertheless,  the  maidens,  if  not  the 
young  men,  are  likely  to  be  consulted  about 
books  about  babies ;  and  partly  for  this  reason 
we  make  an  exception  to  the  general  rule  of 


the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  to  include  an  article  not 
about  libraries  but  actually  about  books.  It 
is  a  pleasure  to  welcome  to  these  columns  the 
wife  of  a  librarian  in  Mrs.  Samuel  H.  Ranck, 
and  the  pleasant  paper  which  she  read  before 
the  Michigan  Library  Association  should 
interest  many  librarians  who  are  expected  to 
stand  godmother  to  children  to  the  extent  of 
supplying,  by  proxy  of  books,  the  informa- 
tion which  the  young  mothers  lack  and  desire. 


THE  Underwood  tariff,  which  went  at  once 
into  operation  when  the  President  signed  the 
law,  makes  important  changes  in  the  duties  on 
books  and  their  material,  but  these  do  not  di- 
rectly affect  libraries,  as  the  clause  permitting 
incorporated  institutions  to  import  books  free 
of  duty  remains  without  change.  The  duty  on 
books  in  general  is  reduced  from  twenty-five  to 
fifteen  per  cent.,  and  books  in  foreign  lan- 
guages remain  on  the  free  list,  despite  an  at- 
tempt to  make  them  dutiable.  The  "joker"  in 
the  Paine-Aldrich  tariff,  which  made  books  in 
more  costly  binding  dutiable  at  the  higher  rate 
of  the  binding  material,  has  been  properly 
rescinded.  The  reduction  of  the  duty  on  books 
is  accompanied  by  a  reduction  on  most  of  the 
materials  going  into  book-making,  although  not 
always  on  the  same  scale,  and  it  is  not  yet  clear 
what  the  effect  of  these  changes  will  be  on  ac- 
tual book  prices.  Leather,  for  binding  pur- 
poses, formerly  dutiable  at  fifteen  per  cent.,  is 
now  on  the  free  list,  and  this  should  certainly 
result  in  a  reduction  of  the  prices  of  leather  in 
the  home  market,  that  should  make  library 
bindings  done  at  home  substantially  lower  in 
price.  The  complete  details  as  to  duties  on 
book  materials  are  given  in  the  Publishers' 
weekly  for  Oct.  4.  It  may  be  added  that  the 
Treasury  Department  has  now  promulgated 
in  the  issue  of  Treasury  decisions  for  Oct.  9  the 
ruling  sent  to  the  collector  at  the  Port  of  Balti- 
more, referred  to  in  Dr.  Steiner's  report  for  the 
Committee  on  federal  and  state  relations  at 
the  Kaaterskill  conference.  The  attention  of 
the  Treasury  Department  was  called  by  this 
office  to  the  omission  of  this  ruling  from  the 
published  decisions  and  the  possibility  there- 
fore that  it  was  operative  only  at  that  particu- 
lar port  of  entry.  The  ruling  referred  to  is  an 


594 


THE  LIBR'ARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


important  one,  cutting  much  red-tape,  being 
a  common  sense  provision  that  libraries  mak- 
ing small  importations,  through  the  mail, 
should  not  be  required  to  go  through  the  usual 
formalities  of  importation,  provided  their 
authority  to  import  books,  duty  free,  was  duly 
registered  with  the  local  postmaster.  The 
text  of  the  ruling,  as  finally  promulgated,  is 
given  elsewhere  in  this  number. 


THE  librarians  of  that  portion  of  the  middle 
west  whose  libraries  suffered  from  the  great 
floods,  of  which  that  at  Dayton  was  the  most 
conspicuous  and  unhappy  example,  were  too 
busy  in  the  work  of  recovery  and  rehabilitation 
to  say  very  much  about  their  losses  last  spring. 
As  all  this  should,  however,  be  a  matter  of  per- 
manent record,  Miss  Clatworthy,  who  stood  by 
the  Dayton  Library  during  its  period  of  dis- 
tress and  has  but  recently  resigned,  has  been 
good  enough  to  put  on  record  her  extraordin- 
ary experiences,  giving  the  library  world  some 
adequate  notion  of  the  effect  of  these  floods 
upon  the  libraries  involved.  It  is  the  unex- 
pected that  happens — and  nothing  could  have 
been  more  unexpected  and  naturally  unpre- 
pared for  than  these  floods  in  the  center  of 
peaceful  Ohio  and  the  neighboring  parts  of  the 
country.  We  heartily  second  the  suggestion  in 
Miss  Clatworthy's  article,  that  libraries  in 
other  parts  should  do  what  they  can  to  make 
good  the  ravages  of  the  floods  by  donations 
from  their  surplusage  to  the  libraries  which 
have  suffered,  especially  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  the  suffering  was  well-nigh  universal,  and 
therefore  reduced  taxable  values  and  possibly 
library  incomes  in  sad  proportion. 


THE  problem  of  the  building  for  a  univer- 
sity library  has  been  solved  in  an  original 
and  very  striking  manner  in  connection  with 
the  new  buildings  of  Johns  Hopkins  Univer- 
sity, where  the  library  is  to  be  a  central 
feature  of  a  splendid  group  of  buildings  on  a 
noble  and  worthy  site.  Dr.  Raney  not  only 
proposes  to  build  from  within  outward,  which 
is  the  proper  way  to  build  every  thing  except 
monuments,  but  to  start  from  the  guiding 
thought  of  the  seminar  and  its  library  as  the 
nucleus  or  unit.  By  clever  development  of  this 
thought,  he  has  worked  out  a  scheme  for  a 
university  library  as  a  collection  of  special 
libraries,  each  of  the  latter  in  juxtaposition  with 


the  class-room  or  study-room  for  that  subject. 
The  result  is  something  so  new  that  the  actual 
construction  and  operation  of  this  library 
building  will  be  watched  with  the  greatest 
interest,  and  possibly  it  will  form  a  model  for 
university  libraries  of  the  future  here  and 
abroad.  The  plans  which  we  present  in  this 
number  should  be  carefully  studied  by  those 
who  have  to  do  with  the  development  of 
library  buildings  for  educational  institutions 
of  any  kind.  When  finished,  Oilman  Hall,  in 
which  is  perpetuated  the  honored  name  of 
President  Oilman,  who  was  one  of  the  partici- 
pants in  the  library  conference  of  1853,  will  be 
a  place  of  pilgrimage  to  library  visitors  from 
abroad,  as  well  as  of  interest  to  American 
librarians. 


THE  visit  last  year  of  Dr.  Schwenka,  the 
leading  librarian  of  Germany,  and  his  excellent 
report  on  that  visit,  should  undoubtedly  do 
much  to  facilitate  German  library  progress 
along  American  lines;  and  a  similar  stimulus 
will  doubtless  be  felt  in  Japan  as  a  result  of 
the  round-the-world  journey  of  Mr.  Imai,  libra- 
rian of  Osaka  and  representative  of  Japanese 
library  interests,  who  has  now  returned  to  his 
country.  American  librarians  will  give  like 
welcome  to  two  other  representatives  of  library 
interests  abroad,  again  one  from  Europe  and 
one  from  Asia,  who  will  during  November 
make  a  professional  tour  of  American  libra- 
ries. M.  Paul  Otlet,  secretary-general  of  the 
Brusselles  Institut  de  Bibliographic,  will  de- 
vote some  weeks  to  studying  library  progress 
and  library  conditions  in  America  with  special 
view  to  international  relations.  As  a  chief 
apostle  of  the  Decimal  classification  on  the 
continent,  he  is  thoroughly  imbued  with  Amer- 
ican library  spirit  and  his  welcome  is  assured. 
Those  who  learned  at  Lake  George  of  the  work 
set  on  foot  by  Mr.  Borden  in  Baroda,  India, 
will  gladly  pass  on  to  their  associates  a  good 
word  for  Mr.  Kudalkar,  who,  as  chief  of  Ba- 
roda State  Libraries  and  director  of  the  Baroda 
Library  School,  in  succession  to  Mr.  Borden, 
is  to  carry  on  the  good  work  and  develop  it 
into  larger  usefulness.  Cooperation  with  him 
on  the  part  of  American  librarians  should  bear 
abundant  fruit  not  only  in  the  Massachusetts 
of  India,  but  in  the  other  native  states  and 
throughout  the  provinces  where  the  example 
of  Baroda  is  likely  to  be  followed. 


November,  1913? 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


595 


WHAT  THE  COMMUNITY  IS  ASKING  OF   THE  DEPARTMENT   OF   CHIL- 
DREN'S   WORK   IN   THE  PUBLIC     LIBRARY* 

BY    ANNIE    CARROLL    MOORE,    Supervisor    of    Work    with    Children,    New    York    Public 

Library 


"THIS  library  work  for  children  is  amaz- 
ing," said  the  Danish  author,  Herman  Bang. 
"I  was  prepared  for  everything  else  I  have 
seen  in  America,  but  this  surprises  and  de- 
lights me.  I  find  it  deeply  interesting  and 
full  of  possibilities  for  future  generations.  1 
should  like  to  spend  a  long  time  in.  this  beau- 
tiful room;  I  shall  come  again." 

The  author  died  a  few  days  later  while  on 
a  tour  of  the  Western  States,  but  his  words 
have  lingered  in  our  memories  along  with 
those  of  other  visitors,  American  and  Euro- 
pean, who  have  expressed  surprise  and  appre- 
ciation on  visiting  a  children's  library  for  the 
first  time.  "Before  we  came  to  America  we 
wondered  why  you  were  not  writing  more 
poetry  in  this  marvellous  country  of  yours," 
said  a  Dutch  deaconess,  who  stood  on  the 
threshold  of  a  children's  room  full  of  chil- 
dren and  flooded  with  sunshine  in  one  of  the 
East  Side  libraries,  "but  how  can  you  when 
you  are  living  it  like  this?" 

The  speaker  had  visited  a  nearby  settle- 
ment and  playground,  and  had  walked  through 
streets  as  foreign  as  any  in  Europe  before 
entering  a  library  whose  community  is  always 
asking  for  more — more  histories,  American 
and  European,  more  Bibles,  more  poetry  and 
myths  and  fairy  tales,  more  Dickens  and  Vic- 
tor Hugo,  more  Louisa  Alcott  and  Robert 
Louis  Stevenson ;  more  books  on  citizenship 
and  government,  more  "easy  books;"  and 
more  "library  teachers"  capable  of  divining 
needs  as  well  as  of  gratifying  desires,  and  of 
diverting  those  inclined  to  read  too  much  into 
other  neighborhood  interests. 

Last  June  as  I  watched  a  street  pageant 
given  to  celebrate  the  twentieth  anniversary 
of  the  founding  of  the  Nurses  Settlement  in 
Henry  street  I  realized  how  truly  the  dea- 
coness had  spoken.  No  one  of  the  thousands 
who  witnessed  that  pageant  will  ever  forget 
it.  And  one  feels  very  sure  that  the  five 
hundred  settlement  club  members — men,  wom- 
en and  children — who,  by  characteristic  song 


Read  at   Lake   George,   "Library  week,"   Sept.   24, 


and  dance,  and  costume,  brought  back  the  so- 
cial life  and  customs  of  the  various  nation- 
alities still  living  in  Henry  street,  are  richer 
in  sentiments  of  pride  and  loyalty  toward 
their  city  as  well  as  in  true  folk  spirit  and 
common  fund  of  associations  and  memories. 

On  this  occasion  the  community  asked  the 
library  not  merely  to  furnish  books,  but  to 
share  in  an  effort  to  put  the  neighborhood 
into  -the  spirit  of  the  pageant  performance. 
And  so  the  library  borrowed  colored  lantern 
slides  of  Manhattan  Island  in  the  days  of  the 
Indians,  the  Dutch  and  the  English,  and  ar- 
ranged them  in  combination  with  slides  show- 
ing the  library's  part  in  the  social  life  of  the 
city  of  to-day,  and  invited  the  settlement  club 
leaders  to  spend  an  evening  at  the  library 
with  their  children.  Oscar  Wilde's  story  of 
"The  happy  prince"  conveyed  the  message  of 
the  spirit  of  service  in  a  great  city,  and  a 
few  words  on  practical  every-day  citizenship 
from  the  head  of  the  settlement  concluded  an 
evening  rich  with  promise  for  future  cooper- 
ative work  between  settlement  and  library. 

Since  I  have  promised  to  make  this  paper  a 
record  of  the  community's  interest  and  grow- 
ing dependence  upon  the  library,  I  shall  make 
no  apologies  for  such  digressions  and  excur- 
sions as  bring  one  in  closer  human  touch  with 
any  part  of  our  community.  I  feel  sure  that 
you  will  like  to  know  that  the  Dutch  dea- 
coness was  keenly  alive  to  practical  conve- 
niences as  well  as  to  spiritual  possibilities. 
Not  long  after  her  visit,  the  friend  who  had 
accompanied  her  wrote  that  the  dear  deacon- 
ess had  died,  and  that  one  of  her  last  wishes 
had  been  to  bequeath  a  self-locking  umbrella 
stand  like  the  one  she  had  seen  in  the  New 
York  branch  library  to  the  deaconess'  home 
in  Holland,  in  whose  interest  she  had  come 
to  America.  She  had  begged  her  friend  to 
write  for  a  full  description  of  the  umbrella 
stand. 

It  has  been  both  profitable  to  the  work  and 
encouraging  to  the  workers  to  view  the  field 
with  visitors  from  other  cities  and  countries 
from  time  to  time.  We  have  learned  much 


596 


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[November,  1913 


that  has  been  put  to  good  account  before 
and  since  the  opening  of  a  central  children's 
room  in  New  York  City.  As  it  is  now  nearly 
two  and  one  half  years  since  the  central 
building  of  the  New  York  Public  Library 
was  opened,  it  is  possible  to  give  a  fair  idea 
of  what  a  cosmopolitan  and  ever-changing 
community  is  asking  from  and  giving  to  a 
children's  department  which  is  unusually  ac- 
cessible to  the  public. 

"Isn't  this  the  first  children's  library  in 
the  world?"  "When  and  where  did  this  idea 
of  a  children's  room  in  a  public  library  orig- 
inate?" "Is  there  any  literature  on  the  sub- 
ject of  children's  libraries?"  "Are  there  any 
photographs  illustrating  the  work  which  are 
available  for  reproduction  in  American  and 
European  newspapers  and  magazines  and  for 
lantern  slides?"  "Do  you  print  lists  of  chil- 
dren's books  on  different  subjects  and  for 
children  of  different  ages?"  "What  are  the 
most  popular  books  for  boys  and  girls?" 
"What  kind  of  stories  are  told  in  the  library 
and  are  visitors  admitted  to  the  story-hour?" 
"How  does  one  go  about  preparing  herself 
for  such  work  as  this?"  These  are  fairly 
typical  of  the  questions  most  frequently  asked 
since  the  opening  of  the  library. 

Among  thousands  of  sight-seeing  visitors 
to  whom  a  children's  room  in  a  public  library 
was  an  entirely  new  idea  there  were  hundreds 
familiar  with  the  work  in  other  places  or  in 
branch  libraries  in  New  York,  who  came  for 
definite  help  in  their  special  lines  of  work  or 
for  new  ideas  to  be  developed  elsewhere.  It 
was  soon  evident  that  the  department  of 
children's  work  in  the  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary would  exert  more  than  a  local  influence 
upon  the  production,  the  distribution,  and  the 
private  ownership  of  children's  books.  It  was 
also  apparent  that  it  was  to  become  an  active 
social  factor  in  the  homes  of  children  and 
grown  people  hitherto  unacquainted  with  pub- 
lic libraries,  as  well  as  in  the  homes  of  the 
immigrant  children  already  reached  through 
the  branch  libraries,  the  traveling  libraries  and 
the  public  schools. 

Authors,  editors,  illustrators,  publishers  and 
their  representatives;  members  of  the  dram- 
atic profession  and  social  workers;  interior 
decorators  and  representatives  of  motion  pic- 
ture companies;  parents,  teachers,  tutors  and 
governesses  were  all  numbered  among  the 
first  visitors  to  the  children's  room  who  made 


use  of  its  books  and  pictures  on  equal  terms 
with  the  children.  From  the  opening  day  chil- 
dren read  in  the  window  seats,  at  the  tables 
or  in  the  armchairs  drawn  up  to  the  book 
shelves  in  utter  oblivion  of  throngs  of  vis- 
itors. 

Brought  into  immediate  and  vital  contact 
with  all  classes  and  conditions  of  society  at 
various  stages  of  human  experience,  it  is  in- 
teresting to  note  the  universal  spirit  of  civic 
pride  and  personal  satisfaction  expressed  by 
the  residents  of  New  York  who  bring  their 
friends  to  see  a  place  they  seem  to  feel  they 
have  discovered  and  who  are  constantly  speak- 
ing or  writing  about  it  at  home  or  abroad. 

"The  children's  room  seems  to  have  made 
a  distinct  place  for  itself  as  a  part  of  the  life 
of  the  city,"  says  one  of  the  assistants  in  a 
recent  report.  "The  public  has  given  us  con- 
fidence," she  continues,  "and  it  is  not  difficult 
for  an  institution  to  grow  if  it  can  keep  in 
advance  of  what  the  public  has  learned  to 
expect." 

The  problem  of  admitting  large  numbers  of 
grown  persons  to  a  children's  room  without 
limiting  its  usefulness  or  attractiveness  to 
children  was  met  in  three  ways: 

1.  By  the  general   arrangement,   furnishing 
and   decoration  of  the  room. 

2.  By  such  a  selection  and  arrangement  of 
the  books  in  the  reference  and  reading-room 
collections  as  attracts  the  immediate  interest 
of  the  visitor  to  books  and  to  the  purpose  of 
the  room. 

3.  By  taking  unusual  care  as  to  the  informa- 
tion given  to  a  sightseeing  public  and  to  the 
children  themselves.     The  presence  of  an  as- 
sistant with  the  ability  to  converse  readily  in 
French  and  German  has  proved  of  great  value 
in  explaining  the  work  to  foreign  visitors  and 
in  making  them  feel  at  home. 

The  results  have  fully  justified  the  expend- 
iture of  time,  thought  and  energy.  One  man 
who  visited  the  library  as  a  sightseer  came  a 
year  afterward  for  help  with  his  annual  prob- 
lem. Every  year,  he  said,  he  received  a  sum 
of  money  with  which  he  was  requested  to 
buy  books  for  an  orphan  asylum  in  South 
Africa.  He  had  been  accustomed  to  make 
his  selection  at  a  department  store,  but  found 
it  quite  unsatisfactory.  This  year  when  the 
money  came  he  remembered  the  children's 
room  he  had  seen  in  the  new  library,  and 
decided  it  was  the  very  place  to  go  for  help. 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


597 


He  spent  three  hours  in  the  room  selecting 
sixty  titles  from  the  books  suggested  to  him. 
He  examined  each  book  personally,  and  said 
that  for  the  first  time  he  felt  genuine  pleasure 
and  satisfaction  in  sending  the  books,  and 
that  he  should  look  to  the  library  every  year 
to  help  in  the  solution  of  his  South  Africa 
problem. 

Another  man  came  to  make  a  selection  of 
books  for  an  industrial  school  in  Ohio.  Still 
another  to  choose  a  hundred  children's  books 
for  a  library  in  Maine.  A  woman  connected 
with  a  Wall  street  bank  came  for  a  list  of 
books  for  down-town  office  boys,  in  whose 
reading  she  had  become  interested. 

A  very  frequent  request  has  been  for  a  list 
of  books  to  "freshen  up"  a  small  country 
library.  This  request  is  sometimes  made  by 
a  clergyman,  sometimes  by  a  librarian,  or  by 
a  school  principal,  or  a  summer  visitor  who 
carries  a  pleasant  remembrance  of  a  country 
village  whose  library  contains  very  few  books 
for  children. 

Groups  of  children  from  institutions  for 
the  deaf,  blind,  and  mentally  defective  have 
been  brought  to  the  library  with  the  belief 
that  the  children's  room  would  serve  as  an 
incentive  to  more  and  better  reading  in  in- 
stitutional libraries.  Among  these  visitors 
may  be  mentioned  a  troop  of  blind  boy  scouts. 

We  recall  with  peculiar  pleasure  an  elderly 
couple  who  strolled  into  the  children's  room 
arm  in  arm  one  afternoon.  They  were  mis- 
sionaries from  a  little  Mormon  town  in  Utah 
who  had  been  attending  a  conference  at  At- 
lantic City,  and  who  were  renewing  their 
youth  in  New  York.  They  had  once  lived  in 
Greenwich  Village,  and  they  had  walked  up 
Fifth  avenue  noting  the  changes.  When  they 
came  to  the  new  library  the  woman  had  said : 
"Of  course  there  will  be  nothing  in  that  mar- 
ble palace  to  help  me  in  planning  for  the  chil- 
dren's library  at  home,  but  it  may  help  us 
to  remember  how  great  an  institution  a  library 
may  become,  so  let  us  go  inside.  And  to 
think,"  she  continued,  "that  we  should  walk 
straight  into  this  children's  room  and  find  the 
very  pictures  and  books  we  need  in  Utah !" 

While  her  husband  was  filling  a  notebook 
under  her  direction  she  told  more  of  the  his- 
tory of  the  library  in  which  she  was  inter- 
ested. Through  the  efforts  of  a  club  com- 
posed entirely  of  Mormon  women,  with  the 
exception  of  herself,  a  Carnegie  building  had 


been  secured.  She  had  waited  fourteen  years 
for  an  invitation  to  join  the  club  to  come  to 
her  unsolicited,  and  soon  after  it  came  she 
was  chosen  to  look  after  the  equipment  and 
decoration  of  the  children's  room  in  the  new 
library. 

She  had  had  much  experience  in  trying  to 
interest  the  Mormon  boys  and  girls  in  books, 
and  fully  realized  what  an  incentive  would 
be  furnished  by  picture  books  and  illustrated 
editions  of  old  favorites,  especially  to  the 
girls,  who  were  inclined  to  be  stolid.  The 
comic  supplement  had  found  its  way  to  them, 
and  was  extremely  popular,  but  they  had  ac- 
cess to  no  other  picture  books  or  illustra- 
tions in  colors. 

One  morning  was  made  memorable  by  a 
visit  from  Mary  Anderson  de  Navarro,  who 
took  note  of  the  Bonaparte  and  other  French 
books  for  the  benefit  of  her  children  in  Eng- 
land. 

We  looked  in  vain  for  a  story  Joseph 
Jacobs  had  read  as  a  boy,  and  which  he  wanted 
to  find  for  his  grandson,  and  were  rewarded 
for  a  fruitless  search  by  the  author's  promise 
to  tell  the  children  a  story  some  day. 

Not  only  have  the  best  known  living  au- 
thors of  children's  books  visited  the  room — 
some  of  them  have  worked  here,  the  most 
notable  instance  perhaps  being  Mr.  Post 
Wheeler,  who  used  the  Russian  books  for 
his  collection  of  Russian  fairy  tales. 

The  grandchildren  of  Sidney  Lanier  and  of 
Hawthorne  showed  much  interest  in  seeing 
their  grandfathers'  books  on  the  shelves.  The 
Lanier  children  were  reading  the  Arthurian 
legends,  and  were  eager  to  see  other  versions 
as  well  as  those  of  their  grandfather. 

Two  French-speaking  Spaniards  became  en- 
thusiastic over  the  whole  educational  idea  of 
a  children's  library.  They  were  glad  to  see 
"Don  Quixote"  in  English  and  "Gil  Bias"  in 
French,  and  recommended  some  modern 
dramas  for  children  in  Spanish. 

Two  Secretaries  from  Havana  sent  a  num- 
ber of  Spanish  books  as  a  gift.  These  books 
were  hailed  with  delight  by  a  little  girl  who 
is  most  anxious  to  learn  Spanish  and  accom- 
pany her  father  on  some  of  his  frequent  busi- 
ness trips  to  Cuba.  Recently  a  teacher  of 
Spanish  in  one  of  the  city  high  schools  of- 
fered to  make  a  list  of  the  best  children's 
books  in  the  Spanish  language. 

An   Austrian   gentleman   came   for   sugges- 


598 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


tions  of  American  books  with  typical  illustra- 
tions to  take  home  to  his  children  who  spoke 
English.  Another  request  was  for  typical 
American  books  to  be  sent  to  Holland. 

An  Italian  secretary  of  an  educational  as- 
sociation writes  as  follows: 

"We  are  just  going  to  open  the  first  chil- 
dren's room  at  our  Public  Library  in  Milan. 
We  should  like  to  have  the  best  foreign  chil- 
dren's books  translated  into  the  Italian  lan- 
guage, and  ask  the  best  American,  English, 
French  and  German  publishing  houses  to  send 
us  copies  of  their  children's  books.  We 
would  then  read  and  resume  them,  publish 
the  summaries  in  a  special  rubric  of  our 
<wColtura  Popolari" — "International  literature 
for  children" — and  suggest  them  to  our  best 
translators  for  a  good  Italian  translation. 
Would  you  tell  us  the  names  of  American 
publishing  houses  and  the  titles  of  the  best 
children's  books — novels,  ancient  legends, 
etc.?" 

A  similar  request  was  received  from  the 
Stockholm  Library  a  few  months  after  it  was 
opened  in  1911.  It  is  of  interest  to  note  in 
this  connection  a  visit  from  the  library  com- 
missioner of  Sweden  in  1912. 

A  Swiss  professor  who  had  come  over  to 
give  a  course  of  lectures  at  one  of  our  lead- 
ing universities  visited  the  children's  room 
with  his  wife,  who  at  once  conceived  of  a  plan 
for  raising  money  for  the  establishment  of  a 
children's  library  in  Switzerland  by  selling 
flowers  in  the  streets  of  their  native  city. 
They  were  eager  to  find  something  in  print 
which  could  be  translated  and  used  to  rouse 
the  people  of  their  city  to  support  similar 
work.  Library  reports  were  characterized  as 
too  statistical  and  technical.  They  were  best 
satisfied  with  photographs  illustrative  of  the 
work,  but  said  they  should  not  be  content  un- 
til they  could  give  to  others  some  description 
of  what  they  had  seen  for  themselves.  The 
parting  message  of  this  Swiss  professor  was, 
"You  are  doing  this  children's  library  work 
with  the  highest  imaginative  conception  of 
its  possibilities,  but  as  yet  America  seems  to 
have  produced  no  literature  which  can  be 
translated  into  another  language  and  give  the 
spirit  or  philosophy  underlying  it." 

From  a  small  village  in  the  Adirondacks  the 
following  letter  was  lately  received:  "We  are 
anxious  to  formulate  plans  for  a  children's 
room  in  connection  with  our  free  library. 


The  room  would  have  to  be  an  addition  to 
our  present  library  building,  which  is  a  read- 
ing and  circulating  room  combined.  The  chil- 
dren are  our  best  and  most  hopeful  readers. 
Can  you  give  me  any  suggestions  in  regard 
to  children's  work  in  rural  free  libraries,  or 
are  there  any  publications  on  this  subject 
with  suggestive  drawings?" 

-The  selection  of  children's  books  for  trans- 
lation into  foreign  languages,  a  sincere  but 
liberal  and  far-sighted  interpretation  of  the 
work  in  progress  in  America  as  adapted  to 
child  life  in  other  countries,  and  a  practical 
illustrated  guide  for  the  children's  work  in 
rural  free  libraries  are  as  yet  unsolved  needs 
of  the  work. 

The  growing  interest  of  the  publishers  has 
been  one  of  the  most  gratifying  experiences 
of  the  children's  rooms.  Several  houses  send 
representatives  regularly  to  note  new  books, 
more  especially  foreign  publications,  and  to 
take  account  of  the  book  exhibits  which  are 
said  to  have  a  marked  effect  on  the  requests 
for  books  for  purchase  at  the  shops  in  the 
neighborhood  of  the  library.  A  leading  im- 
porting house  has  entirely  rearranged  and 
classified  its  collection  of  children's  books, 
and  sends  the  head  of  this  department  reg- 
ularly for  suggestions  as  to  the  display  of 
books.  A  literary  critic  sent  by  another  pub- 
lishing house  to  compare  the  different  edi- 
tions of  Andersen's  fairy  tales  was  so  cap- 
tivated by  the  Swedish  and  Danish  picture 
books  as  to  postpone  the  work  for  which  he 
had  come  in  order  to  enjoy  them.  When  he 
left  the  room  he  said  he  had  spent  an  ex- 
tremely profitable  morning  and  was  taking 
away  many  ideas  for  future  use. 

That  the  work  of  the  central  children's 
room  has  not  lessened  in  interest  since  the 
opening  days  is  best  shown  by  direct  quota- 
tions from  a  report  for  a  single  month  during 
the  summer  of  1913. 

"One  afternoon  at  the  same  time  there 
were  in  the  children's  room  two  students, 
one  from  India  wearing  a  turban,  and  one 
from  Germany  as  fair  as  the  Indian  was 
dark ;  a  French  lady  and  two  Sisters  of  Char- 
ity, one  a  Mother  Superior  in  a  Canadian 
convent. 

"At  another  time  two  remarkably  interesting 
Russians  were  delighted  to  find  among  our 
picture  books  the  Russian  picture  books  they 
had  known  so  well  as  children.  They  wer« 


November,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


599 


people  of  great  culture,  the  lady  the  daughter 
of  a  well-known  Russian  author;  They  were 
full  of  enthusiasm  over  the  children's  room 
and  its  books,  and  constantly  exclaimed,  'Oh ! 

think  of  's  pleasure  in  this!  We  must 

tell  her  all  about  it.'" 

We  were  reminded  of  the  Russian  educator 
who  accompanied  by  his  wife  spent  several 
days  in  the  children's  room  last  year,  and 
visited  the  story  hours  and  reading  clubs  at 
a  number  of  branch  libraries.  These  people 
were  keenly  interested  not  only  in  the  stories, 
but  also  in  the  practical  exemplification  of 
the  principle  of  self-government  as  shown  in 
the  clubs  conducted  by  boys  and  girls.  Their 
appreciation  of  the  spirit  of  fair  play  seemed 
very  wonderful  to  these  foreign  visitors  who 
had  spent  two  years  in  the  study  of  educa- 
tional work  in  America  before  visiting  public 
libraries. 

For  several  days  another  Russian  gentle- 
man brought  his  little  boy  and  girl  to  read 
the  Russian  books.  The  children,  who  could 
neither  read  nor  speak  English,  were  on  their 
way  to  California  with  their  father. 

Two  little  German  boys  who  had  just  come 
from  Germany  and  had  been  two  days  in 
New  York  spent  an  entire  afternoon  reading 
German  books.  Their  grandfather  had  much 
difficulty  in- persuading  them  to  leave  the  chil- 
dren's room.  Next  morning  they  came  again 
with  their  parents,  and  while  their  father 
and  mother  were  looking  about  the  room  the 
boys  found  German  books  for  themselves,  and 
begged  to  be  left  at  the  library  while  their 
parents  went  sightseeing. 

Two  Italian  gentlemen  quite  lost  their  dig- 
nity over  the  Italian  Pinocchio  with  its  fas- 
cinating illustrations.  One  of  them  was 
studying  educational  work  in  America,  with 
a  view  to  introducing  new  ideas  on  his  return 
to  Italy. 

We  have  also  had  the  excitement  of  costum- 
ing a  fairy  tale  party  given  at  Newport.  Two 
costume  designers  worked  in  the  room  day 
after  day  copying  fairy  costumes  from  Dulac, 
Walter  Crane  and  Warwick  Goble.  Every  day 
there  have  been  visitors  searching  for  cus- 
tumes  to  copy  or  for  characters  to  fit  cos- 
tumes. It  was  the  men  who  had  the  cos- 
tumes and  were  looking  for  characters.  After 
a  long  search  one  man  came  to  the  desk  and 


gleefully  showed  the  picture  of  the  Wicked 
Uncle  in  "Babes  in  the  wood,"  illustrated  by 
Randolph  Caldecott;  he  said  that  his  costume 
just  fitted  that  character.  "And  besides,"  he 
continued,  "I  remember  the  story  now,  and  re- 
member that  the  coming  of  the  uncle  into  the 
tale  always  thrilled  me.  Yes,  now  I  shall  be 
that  very  man." 

Another  man  read  "Peter  Pan"  all  the  way 
through,  so  that  he  could  represent  "a  truly 
good  pirate  Smee."  The  name  Smee  caught 
his  fancy,  and  he  thought  he  could  manage 
his  costume.  Most  of  these  people,  well 
known  in  social  circles,  became  much  inter- 
ested in  the  children's  room  and  its  work,  and 
said  that  they  should  come  often  to  renew 
their  childhood  by  looking  over  the  fascinat- 
ing books. 

The  re-creation  of  childhood — is  not  this 
after  all  the  ultimate  gift  of  a  children's  library 
to  any  community? 

"All  the  things  you  put  around  in  the  li- 
brary to  make  it  look  pretty  don't  seem  to 
mean  nothing  to  us  when  we're  kids,  but  we 
think  about  'em  afterwards.  I've  heard  lots 
of  fellers  say  so,  only  they'd  be  ashamed  to 
tell  you."  The  boy  who  said  this  had  been 
counted  for  several  years  as  an  adult  in  the 
branch  library  to  which  he  had  first  come  as 
a  small  boy. 

The  test  questions  that  I  would  apply  then 
to  the  department  of  children's  work  in  a 
public  library,  large  or  small,  are  these: 

1.  Does  the  work  show  elements  of  strong 
vitality    to    any    one    sincerely    interested    in 
children? 

2.  Is  the  book  collection  adequate  to  the  cul- 
tural needs  of  the  community? 

3.  Is  the  library  service  intelligent,   active, 
and  sympathetic? 

4.  Is    the    library    growing    with    its    com- 
munity? 

5.  Does  the  library  believe  in  its  children's 
work  as  an  integral  part  of  a  civic  institution, 
or  does  it  merely  tolerate  it? 

"In  whatever  exploration  or  pioneering  we 
may  do  we  must  endeavor  to  let  our  work  be 
the  center  of  as  much  as  possible,  and  refuse 
to  let  that  pass  for  work  whose  affinity  with 
life  is  narrow  and  whose  range  of  influence 
is  small." 


6oo 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  191.5 


BOOKS   ON  THE  CARE  OF  BABIES* 
BY  MRS.  SAMUEL  H.  RANCK. 


IN  looking  up  this  subject  I  find  that  there 
are  about  as  many  books  on  the  care  of 
babies  as  there  are  cures  for  rheumatism. 
Both  babies  and  rheumatism  are  most  ab- 
sorbing for  the  time  being,  but  the  fact  that 
there  are  so  many  sure  rules  for  the  care  of 
one  and  the  cure  of  the  other  immediately 
leads  one  to  suspect  that  neither  subject, 
although  both  are  as  old  as  humanity,  is  ex- 
hausted. This  I  fully  believe  is  the  fact. 

Before  discussing  individual  books  it  may 
be  interesting  to  consider  baby  literature,  if  it 
may  be  so  styled,  as  a  whole.  In  general 
terms  the  author  of  a  book  on  the  care  of 
babies  must  have  some  knowledge  about 
babies  and  some  theories.  There  are  three 
classes  of  people  who  fill  these  requirements 
— mothers,  doctors  and  nurses.  Now  a 
mother,  if  she  has  more  than  one  child,  or 
perhaps  two,  is  handicapped  in  two  ways — 
she  either  knows  her  own  children  very 
thoroughly  by  being  with  them  so  much  that 
she  has  no  time  left  for  writing  about  them, 
or  else  (as  is  likely  if  she  has  a  large  family) 
her  theories  are  so  hopelessly  upset  that  they 
are  useless  for  others,  and  experience  with- 
out theories  is  not  the  fashion  just  now.  But 
if  she  has  only  one  child,  while  her  theories 
may  be  in  good  condition  and  she  may  have 
enough  time,  her  actual  knowledge  is  slight, 
for  she  thinks  all  children  should  do  as  her 
child  does.  This  is  manifestly  untrue.  There 
is  nothing  which  will  convince  one  more  surely 
of  the  fallibility  of  "laws"  than  the  succeed- 
ing children  in  the  same  family. 

The  other  two  classes  of  authors — doctors 
and  nurses — are  more  on  a  par.  Both  see  child- 
ren mostly,  however,  when  they  are  ill  or  not 
normal,  and  a  sick  baby  is  not  like  a  well 
one.  If  doctors  and  nurses  have  children 
in  their  own  immediate  families  they  fall 
into  the  class  of  mothers  again.  They  can 
and  do  study  children  in  the  mass,  where 
comparison  is  easy,  in  institutions,  but  a 
child  in  an  institution  is  not  in  normal  sur- 
roundings, and  it  seems  to  me  impossible 
for  a  child  to  react  psychologically  the  same 
in  an  orphan  asylum  as  he  would  in  a  home 
with  his  own  parents  and  brothers  and  sis- 
ters. There  is  probably,  of  course,  less  var- 

*  Read  at  the  meeting  of  the  Michigan  Library 
Association,  Muskegon,  Sept.  n,  1913. 


iance  in  their  physical  reaction.  After  they 
are  past  their  first  month  it  is  not  until  they 
get  to  the  kindergarten  age  that  normal,  well 
children  can  be  studied  in  the  mass,  and  by 
that  time  they  are  no  longer  babies. 

You  can  readily  see  that  even  though  we 
have  all  been  babies  ourselves  it  would  be 
more  easy  and  more  accurate  to  write  a  book 
on  the  care  and  feeding  of  lambs  and  calves 
and  baby  pigs  than  it  is  to  lay  down  the 
law  for  our  own  human  babies.  However, 
there  seems  to  be  no  lack  of  books  on  the 
subject,  whether  the  authors  know  very  much 
about  it  or  not.  This  is  partly  due,  no  doubt, 
to  the  great  need  for  such  books.  A  young 
mother  may  love  her  baby  to  distraction,  but  if 
she  has  never  been  thrown  with  children  and 
has  no  mother  herself  her  instinct  is  dis- 
tressingly limited  when  it  comes  to  modifying 
milk  and  caring  for  the  baby  in  general. 
What  instinct  would  ever  lead  a  mother  to 
know  that  irregular  respiration  and  a  very 
rapid  pulse  are  normal  in  a  baby?  Or  that 
his  temperature  will  run  high  for  very  slight 
cause?  Or  that  he  will  stay  bow-legged  for 
some  time  after  he  is  born?  Or  will  answer 
the  hundred  and  one  perplexing  and  per- 
petual questions  that  come  up.  No  book 
answers  every  question,  but  with  all  the 
books,  and  the  family  doctor,  and  one's  own 
common  sense  and  a  sense  of  humor  (which 
helps  out  in  an  emergency  wonderfully,  and 
often  keeps  one  from  taking  slight  disasters 
too  seriously)  the  young  and  unskilled  mother 
may  take  heart  and  find  that  her  baby  is, 
after  all,  the  veriest  comfort  in  the  family, 
just  as  it  ought  to  be,  instead  of  a  white  ele- 
phant on  her  hands. 

All  books  on  babies  nowadays  give  much 
space  to  the  artificial  feeding  of  infants,  due 
probably  to  the  increasing  number  of  bottle 
babies,  and  the  dreadful  mortality  among 
them.  Thanks  to  the  study  of  bacteriology 
and  the  chemistry  of  milk  there  have  been 
tremendous  strides  in  this  subject  recently, 
and  the  death  rate  of  children  under  three 
years  much  lowered.  There  are  whole  books 
on  the  subject,  as  for  instance,  Dr.  Joseph  E. 
Winter's  "The  Feeding  of  Infants",  and  Dr. 
Henry  D.  Chapin's  "Theory  and  Practice  of 
Infant  Feeding."  Dr.  Winter's  book  is  a  thin 
little  volume  devoted  entirely  to  modified 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


601 


milks,  with  the  most  explicit  directions,  while 
Dr.  Chapin's  is  more  elaborate  and  includes 
also  much  on  the  chemistry  of  milk,  and  the 
diet  of  children  to  the  third  year  as  well  as 
their  growth  and  development  to  that  age. 

Great  strides  have  likewise  been  made  in 
other  directions  besides  the  modification  of 
milk.  This  was  brought  forcibly  to  my  mind 
by  looking  through  a  book  on  sick  children 
by  Fonssagrives,  translated  in  1872,  and  which 
is  still  occasionally  referred  to  by  very  recent 
authors.  While  he  is  unusually  advanced  in 
fresh  air  ideas,  he  still  advocates  leeches 
and  emetics  as  routine  remedies.  And  in  the 
matter  of  contagious  diseases  his  only  anxi- 
ety about  the  length  of  what  he  calls  the 
"seclusion"  of  the  child  is  for  the  welfare  of 
the  patient  himself,  with  no  thought  of  the 
possible  exposure  of  others.  It  is  hard  to 
realize  that  forty  years  have  wrought  such  a 
revolutionary  change  in  ideas. 

A  book  to  cover  the  "care  of  babies"  must, 
however,  do  more  than  care  for  them  when 
they  are  sick  or  feed  them  when  they  are 
well.  It  must,  as  Dr.  Starr  puts  it,  tell  how 
to  meet  "the  ordinary  emergencies  of  early 
life,"  which  means  that  it  must  deal  with 
diet,  clothing,  bathing,  exercise,  sleep  and  de- 
velopment, as  well  as  the  usual  ailments  of 
a  child  until  the  doctor  comes.  It  must  al- 
ways be  kept  in  mind  that  no  book  on  the 
care  of  babies  can  supplant  the  physician, 
but  it  should  certainly  supplement  him. 

Of  the  modern  books  there  are  four  in 
particular  that  stand  out  in  my  mind  as  being 
of  exceptional  value  to  any  new  mother. 
They  are  Dr.  L.  E.  Holt's  "Care  and  Feed- 
ing of  Children,"  Dr.  J.  P.  Crozer  Griffith's 
"Care  of  the  Baby;"  Dr.  Francis  H.  Mac- 
Carthy's  "Hygiene  of  Mother  and  Child ;" 
and  Louise  E.  S.  Hogan's  "How  to  Feed 
Children." 

Dr.  Holt's  "Care  and  Feeding  of  Child- 
ren" is  pre-eminently  a  satisfactory  book  for 
a  mother — sane,  explicit,  concise,  and  not  too 
bulky  to  hold  in  one  hand  while  the  baby  is 
in  the  other.  It  is  written,  unfortunately,  in 
the  catechism  style,  which  is  always  trying. 
It  is,  like  almost  every  other  book  on  babies, 
very  positive  about  everything,  and  utterly 
devoid  of  interest  or  humor  as  reading  mat- 
ter per  se.  It  is  a  surprising  fact  that  most 
baby  books  are  very  stupid  reading.  The 
human  touch  that  Dr.  Osier  is  able  to  put 
even  into  a  treatise  on  medicine  written  for 


students,  is  generally  lacking  when  it  'comes 
to  writers  on  babies.  All  the  authors  tell  one 
to  see  that  the  baby  has  the  right  amount  of 
sleep — no  rocking,  no  persuasion  of  any  kind 
— just  make  the  baby  comfortable,  lay  him 
down  and  see  that  he  sleeps.  Now,  if  the 
baby  came  properly  standardized  into  the 
world,  this  would  probably  work  out  right 
every  time.  But,  alas,  it  doesn't,  and  neither 
Holt  nor  any  other  authority  offers  any  real 
help  for  the  exceptions  to  the  rule.  Holt  has 
also  written  a  large  book  on  "Diseases  of 
Infancy  and  Children,"  which  is  really  meant, 
for  the  profession,  but  which  is  of  great 
value  to  a  mother,  too. 

Dr.  Crozer  Griffith's  "Care  of  the  Baby" 
is  somewhat  more  detailed  than  Dr.  Holt's 
book,  his  milk  formulas  a  bit  different,  but 
on  the  whole  of  about  equal  value,  but  less 
easy  to  refer  to.  He  gives  a  valuable  table 
of  infectious  diseases  with  symptoms,  date 
of  incubation,  time  of  quarantine,  etc. 

Dr.  MacCarthy's  book  covers  about  the 
same  ground  and  has  the  great  advantage 
(as  has  Dr.  Griffith's  to  a  certain  extent)  of 
allowing  for  more  variation  in  children  than 
most  of  them  do. 

Mrs.  Hogan's  "How  to  Feed  Children"  is 
of  use  because  of  its  excellent  menus,  and 
the  ingenuity  of  the  recipes  she  offers  by 
which  the  child's  simple  diet  is  given  dainti- 
ness and  variety.  It  is  full  of  useful  ideas,  but 
very  much  more  scant  (as  the  title  indicates) 
in  the  matter  of  the  actual  care  of  the  child. 

These  four  books  I  have  found  to  be  of  the 
most  value  to  me,  and  Holt's  is  the  best  of 
them  all.  But  this  meagre  list  is  by  no  means 
exhaustive.  There  are  scores  of  others — 
some  good  for  one  thing  and  some  another 
and  all  worth  reading  by  a  puzzled  mother. 
Notable  among  these  are  Dr.  Louis  Starr's 
"Hygiene  of  the  Nursery,"  Emily  L.  Cool- 
idge's  "Mother's  Manual,"  which  tells  of  the 
baby  month  by  month,  Marion  Harland's 
"Common  Sense  in  the  Nursery" — old  fashioned 
somewhat  and  not  scientific,  but  as  she  says, 
"common  sense,"  Mariana  Wheeler's  "The 
Baby,  his  Care  and  Training,"  and  Nathan 
Oppenheim's  "Care  of  the  Child  in  Health." 
Not  in  this  class  at  all,  but  still  very  keen 
and  comforting  is  Josephine  Dodge  Daskam 
Bacon's  charming  "Memoirs  of  a  Baby."  It 
is  only  a  story,  not  scientific  nor  in  any  pos- 
sible way  a  text-book,  but  it  is  inspirational 
and  very  human. 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


Then  there  is  another  class  of  books,  none 
of  which  I  will  mention,  for  they-  ought  to 
be  shunned.  You  can  spot  them  by  their  ter- 
minology. When  you  find  a  book  where  a 
baby  is  a  "babe,"  his  bath  an  "ablution,"  and 
his  mother  a  "female,"  don't  read  it  nor  pass 


it  over  the  desk  to  the  public,  but  suggest 
Holt  or  Griffith  instead.  In  doing  so  you  will 
not  go  wrong,  but  will  probably  help  out 
some  poor,  anxious  mother  who  is  searching 
for  something  that  will  help  her  in  the  care 
of  her  own  precious  babies. 


OHIO  LIBRARIES  IN  THE  FLOOD 
BY  LINDA   M.  CLATWORTHY,  Formerly  Librarian  Dayton  Public  Library 


IN  the  titanic  devastation  which  swept  the 
river  valleys  of  the  state  of  Ohio  March  25, 
1913,  destroying  hundreds  of  human  lives  and 
millions  of  dollars'  worth  of  property  a  num- 
ber of  public  libraries  were  caught  in  the  gen- 
eral disaster.  The  most  serious  losses  were 
at  Piqua,  Dayton  and  Hamilton,  in  the  Miami 
valley,  at  Zanesville,  on  the  Muskingum  river, 
and  Findlay,  in  the  northwestern  section. 
Other  libraries,  as  at  Chillicothe,  Columbus, 
Miamisburg  and  Middletown,  lost  chiefly 
books  in  circulation. 

No  official  report  seems  to  have  been  gath- 
ered thus  far  from  the  stricken  libraries,  and 
this  personal  account  is  based  upon  corre- 
spondence between  librarians  both  during  and 
since  the  trying  days,  when  common  disaster 
and  common  problems  drew  them  together  as 
never  before. 

At  Piqua  the  Schmidlapp  Free  Public 
School  Library,  a  two-story  building  on  the 
street  level,  received  the  waters  to  the  ceiling 
of  its  main  floor.  The  reference  and  circula- 
tion departments  were  destroyed,  the  Chil- 
dren's and  document  collections  being  pre- 
served on  the  upper  floor.  The  book  loss  was 
8500  volumes,  with  only  about  100  restored 
out  of  a  large  number  salvaged.  Catalogs, 
accession  books  and  shelf  lists  were  ruined. 
Miss  Jessie  Masden,  the  librarian,  writes  that 
they  were  able  to  open  the  reading  rooms 
again  just  three  weeks  after  the  flood  "before 
people  lost  the  library  habit,"  and  that  they 
kept  up  a  surprisingly  good  circulation  with 
the  few  books  and  periodicals  remaining.  The 
Carnegie  Corporation  has  given  the  Piqua  Li- 
brary $10,000  to  replace  its  books,  and  Mr.  J. 
G.  Schmidlapp,  the  original  donor  of  the  build- 
ing has  offered  $1000  for  repairs,  so  that  this 
library  is  probably  better  started  toward  com- 
plete rehabilitation  than  any  of  the  others. 

In  Hamilton,  midway  between  Cincinnati  and 


Dayton,  the  library  building  was  practically 
demolished,  the  stack  and  reference  rooms  be- 
ing, as  the  librarian,  Miss  Hartie  S.  James, 
writes,  "swept  out  of  town."  The  architect 
reports  that  nothing  can  be  done  to  the  build- 
ing. The  loss  is  13,000  volumes,  as  well  as 
pamphlets,  clippings  and  local  history.  A  few 
broken  sets  of  magazines  difficult  to  replace 
were  dug  out  of  the  mud  and  dried.  The 
work  of  restoration  has  not  begun,  as  the  en- 
tire town  was  terribly  damaged,  and  Hamil- 
ton's problem  is  so  big  that  work  necessarily 
moves  slowly. 

In  the  John  Mclntire  Public  Library  at 
Zanesville,  Miss  Alice  Searle,  the  librarian, 
reports  that  the  water  filled  the  basement  al- 
most to  the  ceiling,  destroying  5000  books  and 
most  of  the  equipment.  The  volumes  de- 
stroyed were  one-third  public  documents,  one- 
third  periodical  sets,  and  the  remainder  were 
rare  editions  and  old  books.  About  half  of 
the  5000  were  shoveled  out  in  the  mud,  and  of 
the  others  very  few  can  be  restored.  The 
building  was  not  damaged  except  the  windows 
and  doors.  The  loss  is  estimated  at  $5000  and 
restoration  is  proceeding  slowly. 

At  Findlay  the  water  reached  the  two  lower 
shelves  of  the  library,  and  the  library  had  to 
be  closed  for  three  weeks.  The  loss  was  800 
volumes  and  150  bound  and  many  unbound 
magazines.  Miss  Mary  B.  Morrison,  the  libra- 
rian, writes  that  while  the  loss  will  cripple  the 
library  for  a  while,  yet  they  hope  in  time  to 
replace  the  damage.  The  loss  is  estimated  at 
$1000. 

At  Portsmouth,  on  the  Ohio  river,  the  loss 
was  entirely  in  the  basement,  and  comprised 
sets  of  magazines,  state  documents  and  news- 
paper files. 

In  the  Dayton  Public  Library  the  water 
filled  the  central  building  to  a  height  of  over 
sixteen  feet,  from  the  basement  floor  to  over 


November,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


603 


four  feet  on  the  main  floor.  In  the  reference 
•room,  which  is  slightly  below  the  main  floor 
level,  the  water  was  six  feet  deep.  As  the 
entire  two  floors  were  lined  and  crowded 
with  books  owing  to  congestion  of  library 
space,  this  meant  a  total  ruin  of  the  basement 
departments,  including  the  Children's  library, 
Medical  library,  Carnegie  branch  book  collec- 
tions, federal,  state,  and  municipal  documents, 
pamphlets  and  picture  collections.  On  the 
main  floor  the  ruin  included  practically  all  the 
reference  books,  portions  of  all  the  periodical 
sets,  and  20,000  circulating  books.  The  total 
book  Joss  was  over  45,000  volumes.  Most  of 
the  card  catalogs,  all  of  the  shelf  lists  and  offi- 
cial records  in  offices  and  departments  were 
inundated,  but  saved  by  heroic  effort  on  the 
part  of  the  staff.  All  basement  equipment  was 
ruined,  and  on  the  main  floor  most  of  the 
cheap  glued  desks,  bent-wood  chairs  and  filing 
cabinets  were  damaged  beyond  repair. 

The  material  loss  in  books,  building  repair 
and  equipment  has  been  conservatively  placed 
by  the  trustees  at  $85,000.  Only  those  most 
intimately  acquainted  with  the  prodigious  per- 
sonal work  that  has  gone  into  the  building  up  of 
the  Dayton  library  can  appreciate  the  full  loss. 
The  preservation  of  shelf  lists,  saving  the  rec- 
ord of  careful  book  selection,  was  cause  for 
special  gratification  to  the  librarian. 

This  brief  resume  indicates  the  extent  of 
the  library  disaster  in  Ohio,  as  far  as  the 
writer  has  been  able  to  ascertain.  But  figures 
can  give  no  adequate  conception  of  the  havoc 
wrought  in  these  libraries,  and  no  one  can 
have  any  realization  of  the  horror  and  desola- 
tion of  those  scenes  save  through  participa- 
tion in  them.  The  Dayton  disaster  was  per- 
haps typical,  and  will  be  described  as  person- 
ally experienced  by  the  writer,  who  for  eight 
years  previous  to  and  for  six  months  after  the 
flood  was  its  librarian.  It  was  an  experience 
unprecedented  in  library  annals,  with  treat- 
ment unprovided  for  in  library  school  curric- 
ula or  library  literature.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  the  lessons  learned  by  the  participants 
may  contribute  something  to  professional 
knowledge  later  on.  At  this  distance  the  life- 
lessons  of  courage,  belief  in  human  kindness 
and  self-sacrifice  and  the  sacredness  of  human 
life,  together  with  a  readjustment  of  values  in 
society  and  its  forces,  loom  largest. 

Seven  members  of  the  library  staff  and  four 


of  the  trustees  had  their  homes  in  the  flood. 
The  janitor,  Mr.  Harvey,  the  head  of  the  Cir- 
culating department,  Miss  Althoff,  and  the  su- 
pervisor of  book  repairs,  Miss  Walter,  to 
whose  homes  the  library  was  most  accessible, 
went  to  work  early  in  the  morning  before  the 
waters  reached  the  downtown  district,  and  the 
two  former  were  marooned  along  with  others 
on  the  museum  floor  for  fifty-four  hours  with- 
out food  or  drink,  being  rescued  Thursday 
afternoon  by  boat.  Too  much  credit  cannot 
be  given  to  each  and  every  member  of  the 
staff,  who  rallied  to  the  saving  of  the  library 
as  quickly  as  each  could  extricate  herself  from 
home  or  relief  duties,  and  whole-heartedly  laid 
her  hands  to  any  task  assigned  in  the  great 
salvage  and  cleaning  problems  of  the  ensuing 
weeks. 

The  library  building  is  a  two-story  and  base- 
ment stone  structure,  situated  in  a  park  two 
blocks  directly  south  of  the  point  where  the 
Mad  and  Stillwater  rivers  unite  before  curving 
around  the  old  town,  and  lies  in  what  many 
suppose  to  have  been  the  original  river  bed. 
This  accounts  for  the  strength  of  the  current, 
which,  flowing  ten  feet  over  the  levees,  poured 
down  upon  the  library  rapidly,  filling  the  base- 
ment through  broken  windows  and  oozing  up 
the  registers  and  floors;  its  muddy  waters 
sweeping  the  building  for  forty-eight  hours 
and  carrying  thousands  of  books  off  their 
shelves. 

Those  in  the  museum  could  see  the  desola- 
tion being  wrought  in  the  interior,  from  the 
plate  glass  window  on  the  stair  landing,  and 
all  night  long  could  hear  the  bumping  of  float- 
ing furniture  and  the  occasional  collapse  of  a 
bookcase,  but  were  powerless  to  reach  or  save 
the  library.  Their  attention  was  directed  to 
the  fires  which  burned  out  the  business  blocks 
to  the  west,  fires  originating  across  the  street 
from  them.  After  dark  these  fires  cast  lurid 
reflections  across  the  intervening  waters,  and 
the  cries  of  people  marooned  in  buildings  in 
the  path  of  the  fire  made  night  hideous.  An 
Indian  birch-bark  canoe  from  the  museum  was 
called  into  requisition  to  forage  for  food,  but 
was  upset  on  the  return  trip,  and  while  the 
occupants  were  saved  the  food  was  not.  It 
was  not  till  the  third  morning  that  the  waters 
sufficiently  receded  for  the  militia  to  allow  peo- 
ple on  the  streets. 

On  a  rainy  Monday  afternoon  following  a 


604 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913, 


drenching  Easter  Sunday  the  librarian  had 
closed  her  desk  early  to  take  a  car  across  the 
river  to  her  home  in  Dayton  View,  in  answer 
to  a  telephone  call  that  there  was  seventeen 
inches  of  water  in  her  cellar,  which  threatened 
to  put  out  the  furnace  fire.  At  ten  o'clock 
that  night  a  guest  had  left  her  house  and 
walked  across  the  bridge  without  noticing  any- 
thing particularly  ominous  about  the  river. 
Tuesday  morning,  in  response  to  the  general 
alarm,  she  rose  early  and  started  for  the  li- 
brary, only  to  be  stopped  with  scores  of  others 
by  the  flooded  streets  across  the  bridge.  A 
friendly  manager  of  a  large  manufacturing 
plant  near  the  library  took  her  in  his  auto 
around  to  every  bridge  in  the  vain  endeavor 
to  get  over,  meeting  the  same  impassible 
streets  everywhere.  For  three  days  the  libra- 
rian and  those  of  the  staff  who  were  not  in  the 
flood  served  in  the  relief  work  which  was  or- 
ganized before  the  waters  reached  their  height, 
in  the  churches  and  school  houses  on  the  edges 
of  the  stricken  city.  No  word  was  brought 
over  as  to  the  height  of  the  water  down- 
town. 

Friday  morning,  when  dry  land  again  ap- 
peared, the  librarian  hastened  into  town. 
The  library  interior  was  a  scene  of  ruin. 
Floors  were  covered  several  inches  deep  with 
black,  slimy,  sticky  mud  into  which  books  were 
imbedded  as  a  thick  carpet.  Furniture  was 
overturned,  wooden  book  shelves  warped  and 
fallen  and  heavy  card  catalog  cabinets  lifted 
and  carried  far  out  of  place  or  overturned  face 
down  in  the  slime,  a  typewriter  on  its  face  in 
the  mud,  the  office  and  catalog  room  closed 
by  the  swollen  walnut  doors.  The  mud  was 
too  wet  and  heavy  for  immediate  removal,  so 
the  building  was  opened  for  drying  and  the 
following  hours  spent  in  seeking  workmen, 
shovels,  wheelbarrows  and  rubber  boots.  For 
once  a  staff  chiefly  of  women  were  at  a  dis- 
advantage. At  first  only  four  men  and  the 
messengers  of  the  staff  could  be  used,  and  by 
scouring  the  city  three  or  four  sturdy  Ger- 
mans from  the  car  works  were  added  to  the 
staff. 

The  plan  of  campaign  was  first  to  shovel 
out  the  six-inch  deep  mud  on  the  main  floor, 
so  as  to  get  at  the  wet  books  left  on  the  shelves 
and  the  records.  Work  was  begun  at  the 
front  entrance,  the  boys  scooping  the  black 
slime  out  ,of  the  doorway  and  hall  with  the 
big  snow  shovels  and  letting  it  slop  down  the 


flight  of  stone  steps  into  the  park.  As  work 
progressed  into  the  building  wheelbarrows  were 
filled  with  the  mud  and  wheeled  down  planks 
laid  on  the  steps,  and  finally  the  barrows  were 
merely  emptied  at  the  sides  of  the  porch, 
heaping  the  drying  heavy  stuff  twelve  feet 
high  at  the  sides.  When  the  reading  rooms 
were  reached  tons  of  books  imbedded  in  the 
mud  had  first  to  be  removed,  and  many  of 
them  skinned  out  of  their  covers  proved  white 
and  worthy  of  drying  also.  There  being  no 
place  to  set  them  up  to  dry,  planks  were 
brought  in  from  a  mass  of  salvage  piled  up 
outside  and  laid  across  tables  and  chairs.  The 
first  books,  lacking  time  and  space  for  open- 
ing up,  were  piled  flat  on  these  to  a  height  of 
several  feet.  In  the  periodical  room  the  stand- 
ing walnut  cases  had  to  be  demolished,  owing 
to  the  full  shelves  of  heavy  books  having 
pushed  out  the  ends  of  the  cases,  precipitating 
the  whole  mass.  Frequently  as  the  men 
worked  could  be  heard  the  dropping  of  shelves, 
so  the  constant  loss  of  books  went  on,  keying 
us  up  to  still  more  strenuous  work. 

Meanwhile  the  basement  had  not  been  en- 
tered for  lack  of  help  and  being  considered 
hopeless.  Through  the  heavy  screens  left  in 
the  children's  room  windows  could  be  de- 
scried dimly  a  scene  like  a  veritable  charnel 
house.  But  through  the  basement  lay  the; 
way  to  the  furnace,  and  to  get  its  fire  started 
seemed  our  only  hope  for  drying  the  books. 
Tuesday  the  librarian  noticed  a  gang  of  men 
working  at  the  debris  in  the  street  nearby. 
She  went  out  and  asked  the  foreman  to  give- 
precedence  to  saving  the  library.  At  once  a. 
gang  of  thirteen  men,  rubber-booted  and  with 
shovels,  filed  into  the  basement  door  and  went 
to  work.  They  proved  to  be  gardeners  from. 
the  National  Cash  Register  Co.,  offering  gra- 
tuitous services  to  the  city.  In  two  days  they 
shoveled  out  forty  wagon  loads  of  mud,  books 
and  debris  from  the  children's  and  document 
rooms,  and  with  the  help  of  the  janitor  dug  a 
path  to  the  furnace. 

Thursday  enough  mud  was  out  of  the  main 
floor  to  allow  all  the  members  of  the  library 
staff  to  begin  the  labor  of  saving  books  and 
records.  What  was  worth  doing  and  how  to 
do  it  no  one  could  tell  us.  One  thing  we  knew, 
most  book  paper  stands  water  soaking,  but 
the  problem  of  drying  without  warping  or 
mildewing  seemed  almost  hopeless. 

In   the  main   floor   and   book   room,    where 


^November,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


605 


were  shelved  40,000  books  in  wooden  cases,  the 
four  lower  shelves  had  been  in  water.  Where  the 
shelves  had  not  been  full  most  of  the  books 
had  been  swept  onto  the  floor;  when  shelves 
were  nearly  full  the  rows  of  books  had  swelled, 
distending  the  ends  of  the  cases  and  dropping 
the  shelves,  leaving  the  row  of  books  sus- 
pended. Using  a  crowbar  the  books  were 
forced  out.  The  crowding  had  kept  the  mud 
from  getting  into  the  volumes,  and  from  these 
shelves  were  obtained  most  of  our  salvage. 

Two  weeks  after  the  flood  the  shovel  bri- 
gade finished  its  work,  though  quantities  of 
wet  mud  were  found  between  the  ceiling  and 
under  the  floors  in  the  children's  room  as  late 
as  June.  The  next  process  was  to  scrape  the 
dry  mud  out  with  hoes  and  then  streams  of 
water  were  turned  into  the  book  rooms  be- 
fore the  spaces  were  sufficiently  clean  for  dry- 
"ing  the  books.  Then  quickly  the  entire  staff 
sorted  the  books  and  stood  them  up  all  over 
the  main  floor,  on  empty  shelves,  down  aisles, 
on  ledges,  everywhere  that  offered  a  clean 
drying  place.  For  two  weeks  the  furnace  fire 
"by  night  and  outside  air  by  day  did  their  work, 
but  with  a  saturated  and  damaged  building  a 
high  temperature  was  impossible  to  obtain.  In 
the  county  recorder's  office  the  manuscript  vol- 
umes were  hung  on  poles  and  the  temperature 
raised  to  over  120  degrees;  at  the  library  the 
thermometer  at  no  time  could  be  made  to  regis- 
ter more  than  65  degrees. 

In  the  reference  room,  when  finally  the  steel 
roller  shelves  could  be  taken  to  pieces  so  that 
books  could  be  extricated,  the  art  books  and 
portfolios  were  laid  out  or  hung  on  wires  to 
<lry.  These  volumes  were  constantly  turned. 
Of  course  all  heavy  calendered  papers,  such  as 
in  Latham's  "English  homes,"  stuck  together 
like  bricks,  but  colored  plates  on  porous  or 
linen  paper,  as  Racinet's  "Costume  historique," 
dried  perfectly,  some  plates  seeming  all  the 
brighter  for  their  bath.  All  volumes  that  were 
saved  will  have  to  be  trimmed,  pressed  and 
rebound. 

Upon  consultation  with  our  local  binder  it 
was  decided  worth  while  to  make  an  effort  to 
save  the  extended  files  of  local  newspapers  in 
the  basement,  one  of  the  Dayton  Library's 
cherished  files  dating  back  to  the  earliest  days 
of  the  city's  history,  and  of  which  none  of  the 
three  newspaper  offices  had  a  duplicate.  A 


barn  was  secured  four  miles  out  in  the  coun- 
try, with  helpers  to  lay  out  and  turn  the  books, 
and  the  loan  of  a  motor  truck  secured  from 
the  military.  When  the  work  of  removal  be- 
gan it  was  necessary  for  the  librarian  person- 
ally to  visit  the  military  headquarters  each 
day  to  beg  for  a  truck,  and  it  took  just  eight 
days  to  remove  the  450  folios  to  their  place  of 
drying.  Most  of  the  volumes  were  saved,  how- 
ever, though  the  expense  of  drying,  rebinding 
and  rebuilding  their  shelves  will  be  close  to 
$1000. 

On  Thursday  of  the  week  following  the 
flood  the  catalog  staff  were  able  to  set  to  work 
upon  card  catalogs  and  shelf  lists.  One  of  the 
catalogers  had  reported  for  duty,  thoughtfully 
carrying  shoe  boxes  under  her  arm,  and  this 
suggested  a  plan.  A  hundred  more  shoe  boxes 
were  secured,  the  swollen  shelf  list  cabinets 
were  quickly  ripped  apart  and  cards  were 
loosened  up  and  transferred.  When  the  cards 
were  brought  to  light  they  were  still  saturated, 
and  though  the  water  had  entered  ten  days 
previously  the  files  had  a  coat  of  wet  mud  on 
their  top.  This  fine  silt  permeated  everything 
in  the  city  even  "water  proof"  metal  deposit 
vaults  and  tin  boxes  within  them.  Stains  from 
this  composition  we  were  unable  to  remove, 
though  after  it  had  dried  our  book  repair  de- 
partment often  washed  off  the  sediment.  The 
periodical  record  cards  had  to  be  scraped  to 
bring  the  ink  to  light  for  copying. 

We  had  at  first  no  heat  or  space  to  dry  the 
cards,  but  at  length  the  radiators  gave  out 
enough  heat  to  warm  the  catalog  room,  and 
finally  all  the  cards  were  carried  to  the  book 
room  balcony  where  light  and  sunshine  fin- 
ished the  work.  Our  purpose  was  to  facilitate 
drying  by  allowing  free  circulation  of  air, 
thus  preventing  mildew,  and  to  remove  the 
drying  mud.  Some  retracing  was  done  where 
writing  was  obliterated,  but  most  of  that  was 
left  for  the  future.  In  very  few  cases  will 
there  not  be  some  clue  to  identification. 

The  card  catalogs  were  treated  in  the  same 
way.  The  general  catalog  to  classed  books 
(containing,  happily,  duplicate  author  cards, 
with  tracings  to  the  children's  books  whose 
catalog  was  lost)  was  given  the  most  time. 

Of  its  210  trays,  only  about  60  remained 
above  water  line,  but  all  except  one  thirty- 
tray  cabinet  stood  erect,  so  that  none  were  in 


6o6 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


the  water  as  long  as  the  other  records.  Most 
of  these  cards  were  quite  legible,  though  much 
of  the  ink,  especially  the  hektograph  and  red 
inks,  ran  badly.  Printed  cards,  of  course, 
were  not  damaged.  We  had  no  trouble  with 
any  cards  in  regard  to  warping  or  mildew. 
The  fiction  catalog  with  less  treatment  was  in 
much  poorer  condition,  and  an  old  catalog  to 
which  no  time  could  be  given  was  found,  when 
opened,  to  be  a  mass  of  mould  and  mildew. 

By  May  12  the  main  floor  was  clear  for 
opening  and  a  thorough  invoice  taken.  The 
invoice  showed  a  flood  loss  of  45,000  volumes 
and  an  undamaged  library  remaining  of  47,990. 

The  staff  had  probably  handled  fully  10,000 
books  in  heroic  endeavor  to  save.  From  these 
at  last  2500  were  culled  as  worthy  of  rebind- 
ing.  They  included  only  books  of  value.  Many 
rare  portions  of  periodical  sets  and  expensive 
reference  works  were  among  them.  Probably 
a  thousand  books  were  dried  which  proved  not 
of  sufficient  money  value  to  make  the  rebind- 
ing  worth  while,  and  a  thousand  others  proved 
too  mud  stained  or  mildewed. 

The  dried  salvage  not  kept  was  sold  for  old 
paper.  It  should  be  mentioned  that  the  above 
figures  were  considerably  increased  through 
the  loan  desk  returns  and  reports  from  books 
in  circulation.  About  900  children's  books 
were  returned  from,  unflooded  homes  and  pos- 
sibly half  the  adult  books  which  were  out  at 
the  time.  It  was  necessary  to  keep  the  library 
open  for  book  return  from  the  beginning  and 
to  put  paid  advertisements  in  all  newspapers 
to  remind  people  of  their  books.  One  little 
boy  said  he  took  his  library  book  with  him  in 
his  blouse  when  he  was  rescued  by  boat  from 
his  flooded  home.  A  young  man  offered  to 
pay  a  large  fine  on  a  technical  book  returned 
some  weeks  later,  because  he  had  had  it  to 
study  when  marooned  and  it  had  been  such  a 
companion. 

The  saving  of  records  was  cause  for  very 
special  gratification.  Those  saved  (after  con- 
siderable copying  and  transfers)  are  the  nu- 
merical record  of  borrowers  and  borrowers' 
certificates,  periodical  and  bindery  records,  gift 
lists,  bills,  voucher  files  of  the  past  six  years, 
ledgers,  most  of  the  order  lists  for  the  new 
Carnegie  branches,  shelf  lists,  board  minutes, 
etc.  Those  lost  completely  are  the  children's 
and  medical  catalogs,  Carnegie  branch  cata- 


logs and  shelf  lists,  government  document  shelf 
lists,  and  many  departmental  and  office  re- 
ports. Considering  that  not  one  of  these  rec- 
ords escaped  the  water,  and  that  the  filing 
places  were  full  of  mud  and  often  out  of  place, 
the  work  of  the  staff  was  most  commendable. 

The  library  opened  for  use  two  months  after 
the  disaster,  all  departments  being  rearranged 
and  accommodated  on  the  main  floor,  while 
the  basement  continued  indefinitely  out  of 
commission.  Fortunately  Daytonians  were  too 
busy  cleaning  their  own  premises  for  a  while 
to  keep  many  of  the  library  staff  engaged  in 
attending  to  the  book  circulation.  Reference 
calls  were  as  varied  as  ever,  but  happily  com- 
paratively few,  for  a  reference  librarian's  great- 
est humiliation  is  to  be  unable  to  answer 
questions,  and  the  Dayton  Library  had  not 
even  one  complete  cyclopedia. 

The  city,  however,  needs  the  library  as  never 
before,  because  of  the  loss  of  almost  all  pri- 
vate libraries  and  the  greater  necessity  for 
recreation  in  the  strain  of  city-wide  rehabili- 
tation. 

Our  people  have  felt  the  loss  keenly.  Many 
a  visitor,  on  seeing  the  interior  of  the  library 
for  the  first  time  since  the  disaster,  has  said: 
"Oh,  I  have  lost  so  much,  but  I  never  dreamed  I 
could  lose  the  library.  It  has  always  been  my 
greatest  pleasure."  People  would  wander 
among  the  shelves  in  a  dazed  way  looking  for 
familiar  titles,  or  turning  to  the  library  for  the 
first  time,  looking  for  book  tools  lost  from 
their  own  collections  would  fail  to  find  satis- 
faction. 

As  rapidly  as  possible  the  2500  salvaged  vol- 
umes were  hurried  through  the  bindery  and 
returned  to  the  shelves,  and  another  2300 
volumes,  selected  as  most  needed  for  replace- 
ment, were  purchased.  By  Sept.  i  fully  10,000 
books  had  been  ordered,  including  7770  for 
the  new  Carnegie  branches.  The  Carnegie 
Corporation  came  to  the  rescue  of  the  branches, 
and  gave  the  trustees  $15,000  for  stocking 
them  with  books.  All  back  numbers  of  cur- 
rent periodicals  were  donated  by  the  publish- 
ers, and  a  careful  list  of  bound  periodical 
losses  was  published  in  local  papers  and  sent 
to  a  few  other  libraries  in  the  hope  of  securing 
duplicates. 

By  the  middle  of  August  over  two  thousand 
volumes  had  been  accessioned  as  gifts;  Day- 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


607 


ton  people  who  saved  any  of  their  own  books 
have  been  thoughtful  of  the  community's 
needs,  and  many  a  touching  gift  has  been 
brought  in  by  our  patrons.  Publishers  and 
booksellers  have  been  generous  in  their  prices. 
Several  libraries  in  other  cities  have  been  most 
kind  in  offering  duplicates.  The  Journal  of 
the  American  Medical  Association  published 
an  appeal  on  behalf  of  the  medical  department, 
and  several  hundred  valuable  medical  works 
have  already  been  placed  on  the  shelves  be- 
sides a  gift  of  about  300  volumes  just  received 
from  the  John  Crerar  Library,  of  Chicago. 
The  secretary  of  the  A.  L.  A.  was  most  prompt 
and  helpful  in  every  way,  and  his  messages 
and  advice  were  deeply  appreciated  in  the  first 
days  of  distress.  The  local  Woman's  Suffrage 
Association  with  splendid  civic  spirit  under- 
took to  raise  money  among  the  women  of 
Dayton  to  restore  the  children's  department, 
and  by  meetings  at  private  homes  and  clubs 
and  weekly  luncheons  aroused  increasing  ap- 
preciation of  the  loss  to  the  city's  children  and 
raised,  even  during  the  hot  summer  months, 
over  eight  hundred  dollars.  A  beautiful  book 
shower  dropped  upon  the  children's  department 
from  a  number  of  other  libraries,  chief  of 
which  was  a  perfect  gift  of  over  seventy  new 
books  from  Miss  Moore  and  her  staff  of  the 
New  York  Public  Library. 

A  city  government  practically  bankrupt  be- 
fore the  flood  and  with  innumerable  repairs 
to  be  made  is  hardly  in  position  to  do  much 
for  the  library.  The  new  commission  form 
of  government,  since  adopted,  will  do  much  to 
restore  city  finances,  but  library  and  school 
funds  are  not  directly  affected  by  the  change. 
The  Library  Board  hopes,  however,  for  some 
increase  in  its  appropriation  for  a  series  of 
years  to  enable  it  to  gradually  build  up  the 
book  collection.  In  the  steady  recovery  which 
Dayton  is  making  from  the  flood  the  library 
will  take  its  due  place,  and  time  and  broad 
policy  in  management  will  restore  this  Dayton 
institution  to  even  fuller  and  finer  service  to 
the  community. 

If  it  be  not  out  of  place  for  an  ex-Ohio  libra- 
rian to  make  the  plea,  I  would  ask  that  every 
library,  public  and  private,  and  every  library 
association  in  the  country  look  to  its  own  full 
stores  to  see  if  there  be  not  some  gifts  they 
can  make  to  hasten  the  day  of  complete  restor- 
ation to  these  Ohio  libraries. 


OILMAN    HALL— THE    NEW    LIBRARY 

OF  THE  JOHNS  HOPKINS 

UNIVERSITY 

CONSTRUCTIVE  work  on  Oilman  Hall,  the  new 
library  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University,  be- 
gan last  May,  and  should  be  completed  by 
June,  1914.  This  is  the  first  of  the  major 
buildings  to  be  erected  at  Hpmewood,  the  fu- 
ture site  of  the  whole  institution  except  its  med- 
ical department.  Homewood  is  a  finely  wooded 
tract  of  124  acres,  lying  along  Charles  street 
two  and  one-half  miles  north  of  its  intersec- 
tion with  Baltimore  street,  the  center  of  the 
city.  There  were  originally  176  acres,  but  by 
terms  of  the  gift  a  strip  of  52  acres  was  cut 
from  the  western  and  southern  sides  and 
deeded  to  the  city  to  form  Wyman  Park. 
Through  this,  enlarged  by  purchases,  passes  a 
driveway  to  Druid  Hill  Park  on  the  west.  The 
city's  famous  suburb,  Roland  Park,  is  a  near 
northern  neighbor,  and  in  both  this  direction 
and  to  the  east  the  highest  class  of  develop- 
ment, public  and  private,  is  taking  place.  Home- 
wood  is  the  center  of  a  region  which  will  read- 
ily prove  to  be  the  most  attractive  and  pictur- 
esque about  Baltimore. 

The  original  offer  of  land  was  made  by  Wil- 
liam Wyman.  The  tract  which  he  donated 
was  enlarged  through  the  generosity  of  several 
friends,  notably  William  Keyser,  Samuel  Key- 
ser,  Francis  M.  Jencks,  William  H.  Buckler 
and  Julian  LeRoy  White,  and  was  deeded  to 
the  university  in  1902.  In  the  intervening  years 
much  preparatory  work  has  been  done,  espe- 
cially in  the  way  of  organization,  of  grading 
and  forestation.  The  arrangement  of  buildings 
was  submitted  to  competition,  and  the  plan 
presented  by  Parker  and  Thomas  was  accepted 
in  1904.  The  athletic  field  has  been  in  use 
some  years,  and  two  sections  of  the  concrete 
grandstand  with  seating  capacity  of  2500  are  in 
place.  The .  Botanical  Garden,  with  space  for 
•2000  shrubs,  has  been  set  out,  greenhouses  and 
a  small  laboratory  of  plant  physiology  erected, 
and  in  that  subject  graduate  work  is  now  car- 
ried on  there.  But  it  was  not  till  the  contract 
for  Oilman  Hall  was  awarded  to  Edward 
Brady  &  Son  that  the  long  dream  of  Home- 
wood  could  really  seem  to  be  coming  true. 

The  style  is  colonial  throughout.  This  was 
dictated  by  its  appropriateness  in  Maryland, 
and  especially  by  the  presence  of  Carroll  Man- 
sion already  on  the  grounds  in  a  conspicuous 
position. 

The  academic  buildings  form  a  Latin  cross, 
with  the  standard  parallel  to  Charles  street.  It 
is  the  arms,  however,  which  constitute  the 
main  quadrangle.  Entrance  thereto  is  made 
from  Charles  street  by  a  circular  driveway,  to 
which  on  the  one  side  Carroll  Mansion  is  tan- 
gent, to  be  offset  in  time  by  the  president's 
house  on  the  other.  At  the  top  of  the  curve 
stands  the  administration  building,  a  portal 
facing  both  ways.  Pedestrians  passing  through 
its  arch  see  on  either  hand  two  laboratories— 


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[November,  1913 


chemical,  biological,  geological,  physical — and 
across  the  quadrangle,  which  measures  249  x 
467  feet,  sits  the  architectural  crown  of  the 
campus,  Gilman  Hall,  with  its  clock  tower  ris- 
ing 120  feet  from  the  ground.  Thus  the  arm- 
tips  of  the  cross  are  made  the  positions  of  chief 
honor.  The  quadrangle  forming  the  arms  is 
the  habitat  of  the  institution's  traditional  work, 
except  in  medicine.  The  buildings  constituting 
the  standard  at  right  angles  to  this  quadrangle 
will  enclose  extensions  of  that  work.  It  be- 
gins immediately  to  the  south  with  the  erection 
of  two  engineering  buildings,  presented, 
equipped  and  maintained  for  the  university  by 
the  state,  through  the  action  of  the  Legislature 
at  its  last  session.  Future  additions  will 
lengthen  out  the  standard  both  to  the  north 
and  to  the  south  of  the  quadrangle. 

Aside  from  the  academic  buildings,  the  gym- 
nasium will  be  placed  in  the  obtuse  angle 
formed  by  the  intersection  of  Charles  street 
and  University  Parkway,  the  northern  bound- 
ary. The  athletic  fields  lie  beyond  along  the 
latter  boulevard,  and  the  dormitory  communi- 
ties are  laid  out  to  the  south  of  the  gymnasium 
and  north  of  the  main  entrance  to  the  grounds. 

The  key  to  Gilman  Hall  is  to  be  found  in 
its  provision  for  graduate  work  in  the  human- 
ities. To  be  sure,  there  are  a  monumental  read- 
ing room  of  over  6000  square  feet,  an  assembly 
room  for  faculty  gatherings  and  other  small 
audiences,  a  memorial  hall  beyond  the  vesti- 
bule, a  museum  of  classical  archeology,  a  treas- 
ure room,  a  room  for  photography,  quarters  for 
the  library  staff,  a  bindery,  and  the  Johns  Hop- 
kins Press — features  of  great' utility  and.in  part 
of  architectural  distinction,  but  there  is  nothing 
particularly  individual  about  these  provisions. 
It  is  the  solution  of  the  departmental  library 
problem  that  is  here  noteworthy.  It  is  well 
enough  known  that  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  this 
system  is  carried  to  the  n'th.  Faculty  and  li- 
brarian are  wedded  to  it.  But  we  recognize 
just  as  clearly  that  administrative  efficiency 
therein  can  usually  be  gained  only  at  almost 
prohibitive  cost  and  after  many  years  of  con- 
fusion. 

The  man  who  is  training  investigators  needs 
an  office,  next  to  this  a  conference  or  lecture 
room,  and  adjoining  both  the  library  of  his  sub- 
ject where  students  find  quarters  and  material. 
The  problem  is  to  federate  these  little  conii- 
munities.  In  our  solution  a  square  is  halved 
by  a  vertical  line,  on  the  one  side  of  which 
are  the  students  and  books,  on  the  other  the 
faculty  and  seminar  rooms.  For  obvious  rea- 
sons the  line  becomes  a  corridor.  Faculty  and 
students  are  next  to  the  light,  the  bookstacks 
and  corridor  between.  But  the  department  has 
kindred  which  should  be  near.  So  a  second 
space  similarly  divided  is  walled  off  parallel  to 
the  former  and  separated  from  it  by  a  light 
court,  across  which  therefore  the  students  face 
each  other.  Then  these  two  groups  are  united 
by  a  common  room  at  the  foot,  in  which  are 
placed  the  departmental  librarian  with  catalog, 
reference  books,  current  journals,  new  and 
reserved  books,  etc.  Departments  are  not  only 


set  parallel  but  in  superposition,  also,  of  course, 
so  that  the  libraries  coming  one  over  another  ad- 
mit of  regular  stack  construction.  But  while  the 
stack  is  of  the  typical  Snead  kind,  department- 
al organization  of  it  is  secured  by  closing  the 
slits  on  alternate  decks,  and  so  getting  a  con- 
tinuous floor  here  corresponding  to  that  of  the 
building  in  each  story.  The  distribution  of 
departments  is  indicated  on  the  accompanying 
plates.  The  top  floor  is  assigned  to  the  His- 
torical-political group ;  the  next  to  the  Modern 
languages ;  the  next  to  the  Ancient  languages. 
The  Department  of  philosophy,  psychology  and 
education  is  inserted  where  convenient,  and  by 
a  kind  of  accident  Mathematics  finds  a  harbor 
here.  It  can  thus  be  seen  that  only  three  desks 
are  needed  to  secure  control  of  the  entire  book 
collection,  and  at  night  that  in  the  reading 
room  is  sufficient.  Library  organization  on  the 
departmental,  i.e.,  a  laboratory  basis,  is  recon- 
ciled with  an  economical  administrative  service. 

But  such  was  not  all  the  requirement  laid 
upon  those  who  framed  this  program.  Provis- 
ion had  to  be  found  here  for  teaching  the  under- 
graduate body  in  these  same  subjects  till,  as  is 
expected  quickly,  that  body  grows  large  enough 
to  demand  separate  quarters.  So  a  strip  of 
rooms  were  added  in  front  and  rear  for  offices 
and  class  rooms,  and  the  building  thus  becomes 
a  hollow  square.  A  pretty  good  separation  of 
graduate  and  undergraduate  work  is  in  this 
way  temporarily  effected,  and  yet  the  building 
is  not  made  unfit  for  its  ultimate  purpose,  for 
in  these  added  rooms  accommodation  is  found 
for  the  growth  of  graduate  work.  Across  the 
rear  is  stretched  the  reading  room  also,  which 
rises  into  a  high  vault  in  the  uncovered  center, 
expands  into  a  western  bow,  and  is  connected 
by  an  artistic  bridge  with  the  Memorial  Hall. 
Near  by  is  the  Catalogers'  room,  while  the  rest 
of  the  library  staff  is  quartered  in  the  front 
offices  of  this  same  first  floor.  Here  too  is  a 
makeshift  which,  however,  does  not  interfere 
with  the  anticipated  development.  The  pres- 
ent number  of  undergraduate  students  can  be 
handled  at  the  reading  room  desk.  But  in  time 
a  separate  delivery  department  will  doubtless 
be  needed.  Its  home,  with  the  catalog,  will  be 
in  the  so-called  Memorial  Hall.  A  telephone 
wire  is  already  hid  in  the  floor.  The  catalog 
department  will  then  come  to  the  front,  and  the 
library  business,  not  now  inconveniently  con- 
ducted will  be  compactly  placed  horizontally 
and  vertically  at  the  entrance.  The  only  suite 
of  rooms  on  the  third  floor  (of  which  a  plate  is 
not  here  shown)  is  assigned  as  a  place  of  rest 
to  ladies,  students  and  library  staff  separated, 
and  for  the  men  of  the  library  staff  similar 
provision  is  made  in  the  basement 

Of  the  stack,  which  will  ultimately  consist 
of  nine  desks  in  each  wing,  the  third  through 
the  eighth  will  be  installed  at  the  outset.  Fifty 
thousand  feet  of  shelving  are  being  constructed 
now.  This  can  be  doubled  later.  Plans  for 
more  or  less  indefinite  extension  are  in  mind, 
if  such  be  the  line  of  development  deemed  wise 
in  the  library  world  when  we  have  thus  quad- 
rupled the  shelving  of  the  old  building. 


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[November,  1913: 


The  building,  which  measures  204  x  160  feet 
exclusive  of  the  bow,  sits  on  a  slope,  so  that, 
burying  its  nose  in  the  bank,  it  conceals  in 
front  the  basement  story  and  half  the  next, 
thus  giving  the  chance  for  effective  colonial 
treatment  and  at  the  same  time  the  service  of 
four  floors.  The  blind  basement  front  is  util- 
ized in  the  storage  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  Press 
stock,  which  need  darkness  and  ready  access 
to  the  university  post  office. 

As  no  vehicles  are  admitted  to  the  closed 
quadrangle,  a  service  road  passes  to  the  rear 
of  the  laboratories  and  through  a  hidden  tunnel 
in  front  of  Oilman  Hall.  Delivery  is  thus  con- 
veniently made  to  the  Press,  the  post  office  and 
the  library's  unpacking  room. 

The  telephone  exchange,  which  serves  every 
office  on  the  grounds,  is  so  placed  that  the  post- 
master may  relieve  the  operator  at  lunch  hour. 

Toilets  for  both  students  and  faculty  are  on 
every  floor,  and  stairways  in  every  quarter  of 
the  building,  plus  an  elevator  or  two,  provide 
safety  in  case  of  fire,  which,  however,  should 
not  be  expected  in  this  structure  of  brick,  mar- 
ble, iron,  concrete  and  terra  cotta. 

While  many  details,  e.g.,  ventilation  and 
lighting,  may  be  reported  in  the  LIBRARY  JOUR- 
NAL when  the  building  is  finished,  a  note  of 
acknowledgment  must  be  recorded  here.  The 
architects  are  Messrs.  Parker,  Thomas  and 
Rice.  Mr.  Douglas  H.  Thomas,  Jr.,  the  Balti- 
more member  of  this  firm,  is  an  alumnus  of 
the  institution,  and  has  been  indefatigable  in 
his  efforts  to  serve  his  Alma  Mater  efficiently. 
He  has  succeeded,  and  it  has  been  a  pleasure 
to  be  associated  with  him  for  a  year  or  more. 
The  advisory  board  of  architects — Messrs. 
Grosvenor  Atterbury,  Frank  Miles  Day  and 
Frederick  Law  Olmsted — the  jury  which  passes 
upon  the  entire  Homewood  development,  have 
exerted  appreciable  influence  not  merely  upon 
the  artistic  side,  but  upon  every  feature  of  the 
practical  program. 

The  preparation  of  this  program  was  in- 
trusted by  the  president  to  Dean  E.  H.  Griffin 
(chairman),  Professors  M.  P.  Brush,  W.  W. 
Willoughby,  H.  L.  Wilson,  and  the  librarian. 
From  this  committee  emanated  in  every  essen- 
tial the  floor  plans  here  presented,  though  of 
course  a  heavy  draught  upon  the  architects' 
skill  was  required  for  whipping  them  into 
shape.  When  in  such  operations  the  righteous 
cry  of  the  unrecognized  librarian  is  too  often 
still  to  be  heard,  it  is  a  duty,  a  pleasant  one,  to 
state  that  in  this  case  the  librarian  was  not 
only  placed  on  the  plan  committee,  where  he 
served  as  secretary  and  therefore  its  interme- 
diary with  faculty  and  architects,  but  he  was 
accorded  membership  on  the  Homewood  com- 
mittee, which,  under  the  tireless  chairmanship 
of  the  president  of  the  board  of  trustees,  Mr. 
R.  Brent  Keyser,  has  in  charge  the  whole 
Homewood  project.  If  he  did  not  in  any  case 
get  what  he  wished,  it  was  because  he  lacked 
the  ability  to  convince,  not  that  he  was  denied 
a  hearing.  For  that  put  a  red  line  under  the 
name  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University,  of 
Baltimore.  M.  LLEWELLYN  RANEY. 


WHAT    THE    FOREIGNER    HAS    DONE 

FOR  ONE  LIBRARY* 
BY    Miss    J.    MAUD    CAMPBELL,    Librarian 
Passaic,  N.  /.,  Public  Library 

MY  experience  in  working  with  foreigners, 
has  often  led  me  to  think  that  while  we  have 
been  busy  preaching  in  our  favorite  way 
about  American  ideals  for  the  immigrant,  etc. 
we  have  not  thought  enough  about  the  good 
in  the  immigrants  themselves  and  I  am  glad 
of  an  opportunity  to  testify  to  the  broadened 
knowledge,  the  better  appreciation  of  a  num- 
ber of  literatures  and  a  wider  human  sympa- 
thy for  which  I  am  indebted  to  the  foreigners 
with  whom  I  came  in  contact  during  my  work 
in  a  public  library. 

There  is  little  doubt  that  race  prejudice  is 
one  of  our  present  day  evils,  the  unreasonable 
prejudice  against  immigrant  people  amounting 
almost  to  a  belief  that  they  are  different 
and  not  entitled  to  the  same  treatment  and 
consideration  we  accord  to  our  own  race,  or 
as  sanctioned  by  the  Golden  Rule.  Why  this 
should  be,  I  do  not  know,  unless  it  is  that 
we  fear  most  the  things  we  do  not  under- 
stand and  we  feel  there  must  be  something 
peculiar  about  people,  who  in  the  spirit  of  the 
pioneer,  blaze  their  way  and  settle  among 
us,  earning  their  living  and  leading  an  inde- 
pendent life;  asking  nothing,  offering  nothing 
and  showing  only  a  stern  face,  until  we  ask 
their  assistance.  This  uncomplaining  bravery 
is  the  stiiff  that  heroes  are  made  of,  but  the 
aloofness  of  heroes  is  sometimes  trying  to 
live  with  and  we  distrust  what  we  do  not 
understand.  Where  they  exceed  us  in  virtue 
is  perhaps  in  their  friendly  kindliness,  their 
readiness  not  only  to  deny  themselves,  but  to 
make  sacrifices  for  one  another  and  do  it 
with  such  tact  that  the  sting  of  accepting  help 
is  all  taken  away.  What  they  lack  in  social 
usage  and  American  habits  of  Hying  is  more 
than  made  up  by  their  more  trusting  faith  and 
perhaps  a  finer  spiritual  grain  which  must  be 
behind  their  unquestioning  acceptance  of  the 
hard  conditions  circumstances  force  upon 
them  and  their  readiness  to  overlook  the  many 
injustices  of  which  they  are  so  often  the 
victims.  Their  uncomplaining  bravery,  their 
adaptability,  their  respect  for  authority,  their 
eagerness  to  learn  and  ambition  for  their 
children,  as  well  as  their  abiding  faith  in 
American  ideals,  as  they  conceive  them,  should 
command  our  greatest  respect. 

I  think  it  was  the  work  with  foreigners 
that  put  the  Passaic,  N.  J.,  Public  Library  on 
the  library  map.  We  had  been  leading  a 
peaceful  life  there  for  about  ten  years,  serv- 
ing the  public  without  any  great  effort,  as 
the  majority  of  libraries  do  in  towns  of  about 
30,000  inhabitants  and  on  an  appropriation  of 
$7,500.00.  up  to  the  time  we  were  placed  in  a 
position  to  recognize  the  rights  of  the  foreign 
speaking  people  to  books  in  their  own  language 
as  long  as  we  were  accepting  their  taxes  in 
support  of  the  library,  and  I  think  we  were 

*  Reprinted  from  the  Mass.  Lib.  Club  Bulletin  for 
July. 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


611 


BASEMENT 


GROUND    FLOOR 
OILMAN    HALL — THE    NEW  LIBRARY  OF  JOHNS   HOPKINS   UNIVERSITY 


6l2 


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[November,  1913 


FIRST    FLOOR 


SECOND  FLOOR 
OILMAN    HALL— THE    NEW    LIBRARY    OF    JOHNS    HOPKINS    UNIVERSITY 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


613 


the  first  library  in  the  East  to  circulate  actively 
books  in  eleven  languages.  The  year  we  put 
in  500  books  in  foreign  languages,  we  in- 
creased the  circulation  22  per  cent,  the  foreign 
books  averaging  a  circulation  of  20  times  each 
during  the  year.  The  last  year  I  have  figures 
for,  191 1,  shows  a  circulation  of  over  20,- 

000  volumes   in   foreign  languages,  or  about 
i-ioth    of    the   whole   circulation,    while   the 
foreign  books  form  hardly  i-2Oth  of  the  col- 
lection. 

CO-OPERATION.  From  the  very  first,  the 
foreigners  showed  us  the  value  of  the  co-opera- 
tion we  are  so  fond  of  preaching  but  so  reluc- 
tant to  practice.  When  it  became  known  the 
library  would  buy  books  in  foreign  languages, 
the  different  nationalities  which  formed  that 
town's  cosmopolitan  population  got  together 
and  made  a  concerted  appeal  to  the  trustees 
for  their  own  books.  I  have  with  me  one  of 
these  petitions.  They  all  breathed  the  same 
spirit  and  were  expressed  in  the  same  halting 
English.  But  what  pleased  me  most  was  to 
see  the  way  people  of  different  interests  had 
combined  in  an  appeal  for  their  own  nation- 
ality; singing  societies  working  with  church 
societies,  gymnastic  societies  and  benevolent 
insurance  societies,  for  when  a  crowd  can 
forget  their  national  disputes,  forget  their 
social  differences,  forget  their  different  creeds 
and  meet  cordially  on  a  matter  of  public  good, 
we  are  getting  the  finest  kind  of  co-operation 
and  those  who  are  working  in  libraries  must 
be  glad  to  be  instrumental  in  calling  forth 
this  democratic  spirit.  We  are  missing  an 
enormous  power  for  good,  if  we  do  not  work 
in  connection  with  the  foreign  societies  which 
control  the  different  nationalities  in  all  our 
communities,  and  from  my  own  experience 

1  would  say  that  the  reception  received  from 
them   is   so  cordial   one's  head   is   apt  to  be 
turned,    the    gratitude   and    deference    shown 
being  all  out  of  proportion  to  the  effort  made 
to    assist   them.     Our    societies    did    not    end 
their  usefulness  with  the  petition,  for,  when 
in  reply  to  their  request  we  told  the  people 
we  would  have  to  ask  their  assistance  in  the 
selection   of   the  books   and   were   to   secure 
them,    these   different    societies    each    selected 
two  members  to  represent  them  on  a  "library 
committee,"  and  this  was  the  case  with  every 
nationality,    a    committee    composed    of    two 
members  from  each  society  and  the  librarian 
as  chairman.     We  soon  found  we  could  rely 
on  their  advice,  for  they  took  great  pride  in 
showing  us  what  good  things  there  -were  in 
their  literatures.    When  we  actually  purchased 
the  books  advised  by  the  committee,  the  news 
spread  like  wildfire  among  their  own  people, 
so  we  usually  had  a  waiting  list  long  before 
the  books  were  ready  for  circulation. 

When  the  A.  L.  A.  decided  to  publish  lists 
of  foreign  books  to  serve  as  guides  for 
librarians,  I  was  asked  by  the  New  Jersey 
Public  Library  Commission  to  prepare  their 
contribution,  but  if  any  of  you  think  for  one 
moment  that  I  was  able  to  annotate  the  list 


of  Hungarian  books  the  New  Jersey  commis- 
sion offered,  you  are  giving  me  credit  for 
learning  I  would  be  very  proud  if  I  could 
claim.  It  was  the  Hungarian  societies  which 
worked  over  it,  it  was  their  effort^  that  se- 
cured the  revision  of  it  by  the  editor  of  a 
Hungarian  paper,  who  has  diplomas  from  half 
a  dozen  universities  of  the  highest  standing 
on  the  continent,  and  it  was  the  Hungarian 
societies  which  got  the  list  passed  upon  by 
the  Hungarian  Publishers'  Weekly  'to  see 
that  all  the  books  were  available  and  not  out 
of  print. 

We  were  also  indebted  to  them  for  their 
co-operation  in  connection  with  public  lectures 
carried  on  in  the  library.  The  library  was 
meeting  all  the  expense  of  the  free  lectures 
in  English,  but  the  foreigners  thought  it 
would  not  be  right  to  ask  the  trustees  to 
spend  money  for  lectures  which  would  only 
appeal  to  foreign  speaking  people,  so  if  the 
library  would  grant  the  use  of  the  hall,  they 
would  secure  and  pay  their  lecturer,  and  see 
that  the  man  and  his  subject  was  acceptable 
to  the  library.  They  also  secured  the  audience 
which  in  every  case  overflowed  the  hall. 
When  the  State  Tuberculosis  Committee  had 
a  campaign  in  the  library,  the  different  nation- 
alities had  their  evenings  at  which  foreign 
doctors  made  the  addresses  using  the  slides 
and  material  supplied  by  the  state.  We  had 
these  addresses  in  eight  foreign  languages 
in  addition  to  English  and  all  agreed  that  an 
Italian  doctor  held  the  audience  better  and  got 
more  discussion  than  any  one  else  during  the 
campaign. 

It  was  foreigners  who  taught  us  the  real 
meaning  of  advertising.  They  have  a  news- 
paper organization  which  has  the  name  and 
address  of  every  foreign  newspaper  published 
in  the  United  States.  When  anything  of  inter- 
est to  any  nationality  occurred  at  the  library,  it 
was  only  necessary  to  send  the  news  item  to 
this  organization  to  have  it  sent  to  every 
paper  published  in  that  language  all  over  the 
country.  As  an  instance,  when  Mr.  Carr's 
"Guide"  came  out  I  sent  a  short  notice  to 
the  newspaper  headquarters  calling  attention 
to  its  value  and  saw  it  in  every  Italian  news- 
paper we  took  and  heard  it  had  been  copied 
in  some  of  the  newspapers  published  in  Italy. 
Could  we  have  done  this  as  easy  with  our 
American  papers?  I  do  not  think  we  begin 
to  utilize  the  foreign  newspapers  as  we  might 
in  advertising  the  value  of  what  we  have  in 
our  libraries.  They  are  most  liberal  with 
space,  usually  printing  whatever  you  send 
them  without  cutting  it  at  all.  They  will  go 
to  trouble  to  get  information  from  you,  too. 
One  of  the  Polish  papers  published  in  Cleve- 
land used  to  send  all  their  papers  to  the  Polish 
banker  in  our  town  and  the  subscribers  called 
on  him  for  their  copies.  This  banker  in  turn 
used  to  send  to  the  library  every  week  asking 
if  we  had  any  library  notes  to  send  to  Cleve- 
land for  the  Polish  paper,  and  it  used  to 
amuse  me  to  see  the  additions  to  the  Polish 


6i4 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


collection  in  Passaic  printed  in  that  paper  and 
seldom  or  ever  a  note  of  the  library  work 
in  their  own  town.  I  believe  there  are  twenty- 
four  newspapers  published  in  foreign  langu- 
ages in  Boston.  I  wonder  how  many  Massa- 
chusetts librarians  have  ever  sent  them  news 
items  about  their  library?  The  foreigners 
have  similar  ways  of  spreading  information 
through  their  national  societies.  In  April, 
1906,  I  wanted  the  foreign  societies  in  the  state 
to  endorse  a  bill  we  were  trying  to  get  the 
Legislature  to  pass  creating  an  Immigration 
Commission  in  New  Jersey,  which  Mr. 
Watchorn  was  kind  enough  to  say  was  "the 
first  state  to  treat  the  immigration  problem 
in  a  rational  and  systematic  way."  I  went  to 
the  president  of  the  National  Slavonic  Society 
in  N,  Y.  and  explained  the  object  of  the 
commission  to  him  and  asked  if  he  thought 
the  societies  in  New  Jersey  would  send  a 
line  to  the  Governor  asking  him  to  sign  the 
bill.  Certainly,  there  would  not  be  the  slight- 
est trouble  about  every  society  sending  a 
letter,  and  if  letters  from  individuals  would 
be  desirable,  those  could  be  sent.  How  many 
would  I  like,  say  50,000?  The  figures  rather 
staggered  me,  but  he  explained  it  was  very 
simple.  A  multigraph  letter  would  be  sent 
to  each  society  from  headquarters  with  in- 
structions to  have  a  certain  number  of  mem- 
bers sign  them  at  the  next  meeting.  I  after- 
wards saw  Gov.  Stokes  who  said  he  had 
nearly  been  snowed  under  by  letters  from 
foreigners  asking  for  the  commission  and  he 
thought  his  life  would  be  in  danger  if  he 
refused.  The  commission  was  appointed  in 
April  and  in  December,  1906,  made  their  re- 
port, which  resulted  in  an  appropriation  of 
$10,000  being  made  by  the  state  every  year 
since  for  educational  assistance  for  the 
foreigners  who  are  probably  going  to  become 
citizens.  New  York  followed  with  a  com- 
mission in  1909  or  1910,  California  came  next, 
and  I  understand  Gov.  Foss  is  about  to  sign 
a  bill  appointing  a  similar  commission  for 
Massachusetts.  So  the  little  candle  lighted 
in  Passaic  in  1906  has  cast  its  beam  quite  a 
distance.  You  soon  find  that  the  dangerous 
element  among  foreigners  is  the  ignorant 
class,  so  it  is  a  matter  of  policy  to  offer 
them  all  possible  assistance  where  we  have 
the  opportunity,  but  I  think  we  always  get 
from  them  more  than  we  give. 

The  assistance  they  can  give  in  their  know- 
ledge of  books  is  constantly  surprising.  It 
was  a  foreigner  who  first  called  my  attention 
to  Cassia's  "Manual"  which  for  a  long  time 
was  the  only  thing  available  on  American 
conditions.  It  was  an  Italian  doctor  who 
first  showed  me  that  excellent  little  manual, 
"First  aid  to  the  injured"  published  by  the 
American  Red  Cross  Society,  which  I  have, 
only  found  in  a  very  few  libraries.  One 
large  contractor  thought  it  would  serve  such 
a  useful  purpose  that  he  gave  me  money 
enough  to  purchase  three  hundred  copies  to 
distribute  among  his  employees.  It  is  pub- 


lished in  Italian,  Slovak,  Polish  and  Lithu- 
anian and  can  be  purchased  for  30  cents  in 
quantity  from  the  Washington  headquarters 
of  the  American  Red  Cross  Society.  When 
I  was  bemoaning  the  lack  of  a  small  ency- 
clopedia in  Italian,  an  Italian  newspaper  man 
called  my  attention  to  the  Melzi  Encyclopedic- 
dictionaries,  and  one  published  by  Mr.  Peco- 
rini  in  New  York.  With  these  two  we  were 
as  well  off  for  the  Italians  as  we  were  with 
much  more  pretentious  encyclopedias  for  the 
Germans.  It  was  an  employment  agent  who 
introduced  me  to  the  "Bulletin  of  informa- 
tion." Knowledge  is  not  confined  to  their 
own  literature  either;  they  are  constantly  sur- 
prising us  by  their  knowledge  of  ours  and 
will  read  the  very  best  our  literature  contains, 
and  it  seems  such  a  pity  we  use  so  much 
energy  to  retain  the  satiated  novel  reader, 
and  keep  on  duplicating  information  in  order 
to  purchase  the  last  book  on  some  current  topic 
of  interest,  when  we  could,  with  much  less 
effort  attract  people  to  whom  the  stories  of 
Paul  Revere,  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  and  the 
glory  of  all  our  national  heroes  comes  with 
the  charm  of  newness. 

Jane  Addams  has  often  called  our  attention 
to  the  keen  appreciation  of  the  foreigner  for 
the  arts,  which  we  are  allowing  to  go  to 
waste  in  this  country  and  then  spending  all 
sorts  of  money  on  the  children  of  these  very 
people,  who  are  steeped  in  the  social  habit 
and  beautiful  customs  inherited  through 
generations.  Who  could  better  teach  their 
children  folk-dancing,  and  handicrafts,  and 
nature  study  than  the  foreigners  we  pack 
away  in  tenements  which  compel  them  to 
break  every  law  of  decent  living.  Dancing  to 
them  is  a  natural  expression  of  innocent 
amusement.  Until  you  have  been  to  a  Hun- 
garian picnic  you  do  not  know  what  folk- 
dancing  really  means.  The  soil  the  sons  of 
New  England  are  leaving  as  profitless,  the 
foreigners  are  causing  to  blossom  and  yield 
an  abundant  increase  with  the  most  antiquated 
tools  and  old  world  methods.  I  used  to  have 
a  great  respect  for  an  organist  who  used  to 
come  to  the  library  and  look  over  our  books 
on  music  and  through  my  contact  with  him 
got  rather  interested  in  Gregorian  chants,  in 
the  way  we  all  get  a  smattering  knowledge 
of  things  we  are  called  upon  to  look  up  all 
the  time.  Last  year  I  happened  to  be  in  a 
country  district  in  New  York  state  where  a 
number  of  Russians  were  doing  some  con- 
struction work  and  where  a  service  was  con- 
ducted by  the  Greek  Catholic  Church  one  Sun- 
day afternoon.  I  had  seen  these  stolid, 
expressionless  men  at  their  work  and  from 
their  appearance  they  would  be  the  last  peo- 
ple in  the  world  you  would  credit  with  a 
knowledge,  or  love,  of  music.  Imagine  my 
astonishment  when  the  service  began  and  the 
whole  company  of  two  or  three  hundred  men 
broke  out  in  some  of  the  most  beautiful  of 
the  Gregorian  chants;  not  a  note  of  music  to 
help  them,  but  the  voices  blending  in  the 


November,  1913] 


THE  •  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


615 


harmonies,  just  as  the  negroes  sing,  apparent- 
ly without  effort  or  instruction.  It  was  won- 
derful in  its  volume  and  depth  of  tone  and 
from  the  fact  that  the  men  were  all  appar- 
ently perfectly  at  home  and  familiar  with 
that  class  of  music.  The  Italians  and  Ger- 
mans may  have  the  monopoly  of  operatic 
music,  but  the  Poles  and  Russians  can  teach 
us  a  good  deal. 

Libraries  are  coming  to  a  higher  apprecia- 
tion of  the  foreigner  and  all  he  brings  to  us, 
and  in  urging  you  to  consider  his  needs  in 
connection  with  your  work,  I  do  not  feel  that 
I  am  asking  for  charity,  for  everything  that 
tends  to  elevate  humanity  tends  to  strengthen 
the  state,  and  appreciation  of  their  many 
valuable  gifts  may  prove,  from  an  economic 
and  patriotic  standpoint,  to  be  real  statesman- 
ship. 

If  I  were  asked  to  say  what  I  had  person- 
ally gained  from  my  work  with  foreigners,  I 
would  have  to  acknowledge  having  become  a 
more  efficient  worker,  a  more  active  citizen, 
more  thoughtful  neighbor,  to  have  gained  a 
truer  conception  of  life  and  its  values  from 
rubbing  up  against  them,  a  debt  which  you 
can  see  is  not  easy  to  repay. 


PLEA  FOR  A  REFERENCE  BOOK  COM- 
MISSION 

BY  G.  W.  LEE,  Librarian  of  the  Stone  & 
Webster  Co. 

THERE  is  a  book  by  Mark  Twain  called 
"Following  the  equator,"  which  in  its  frontis- 
piece shows  the  author  looking  seaward  from 
the  deck  of  a  vessel  and  saying,  "Be  good  and 
you'll  be  lonesome."  I  have  never  read  the 
book,  but  have  long  since  owned  a  copy,  be- 
cause the  frontispiece  attracted  me.  How  often 
a  book  is  sold  on  the  strength  of  a  catch-penny 
title,  illustration,  paragraph,  or  other  single 
feature!  And  how  powerful  is  suggestion  in 
the  hands  of  the  salesman !  Not  long  ago  we 
bought  a  dozen  volumes  of  a  "business  library," 
and  the  decision  to  make  the  purchase  was 
for  more  reasons  than  one ;  but  the  critical 
reason  was  because  of  a  prefatory  motto  to  one 
of  the  chapters,  which  seemed  sound  advice 
to  post  in  the  hallways  for  the  messenger  boys 
to  read.  Soon  after  there  were  misgivings  lest 
the  books  would  not  earn  their  shelf  room, 
particularly  when  the  agent  for  a  different 
proposition — too  dignified  (?)  to  be  classed 
with  this  one — observed,  in  effect,  that  doubt- 
less the  little  business  library  we  had  pur- 
chased gave  an  excellent  description  of  how 
things  were  done  in  1880,  v:hile  the  principal 
new  feature  to  be  found  in  the  edition  of 
thirty  years  later  was  the  date  on  the  title-page. 
And  yet  I  have  observed  that  books  from  this 
set  have  been  in  well-nigh  constant  use  by  the 
very  boys  for  whom  they  were  intended.  In 
them  they  can  find  underlying  principles  well 
stated,  while  the  adaptation  to  today's  methods 
can  readily  be  made  without  much  to  be  un- 
learned. Bui  the  point  is,  that  however  per- 


fectly or  imperfectly  suited  to  our  needs,  there 
had  been  an  element  of  luck — of  hypnotism,  if 
you  please — in  getting  that  set  of  books.  And 
this  is  an  element  I  would  see  reduced  to  a 
minimum. 

As  a  means  to  this  end  I  have  suggested  a 
reference  book  commission,  an  advisory  board 
to  help  the  buyer  to  buy  what  he  needs  and 
the  seller  to  sell  what  is  needed.  To  buy  a 
good  thing  which  you  do  not  need  is  wasteful, 
and  to  sell  a  good  thing  to  him  who  needs  it 
not  is  to  be  a  partner  to  a  wasteful  transaction. 

In  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  for  November,  1912, 
was  an  article  entitled  "Reference  books  as 
public  utilities."  I  had  intended  this  article 
to  include  comparisons  both  of  our  familiar  en- 
cyclopedias and  of  our  familiar  dictionaries, 
but  the  time  limit  and  the  largeness  of  the  un- 
dertaking made  it  seem  more  reasonable  to 
postpone  the  dictionary  comparisons,  and  to 
take  the  opportunity  in  that  article  to  empha- 
size the  need  for  a  reference  book  commission. 
A  questionnaire  was  sent  out,  and  there  were 
some  helpful  responses,  because  of  which,  and 
because  of  the  interest  shown  in  Part  i.,  Miss 
Hazeltine,  of  the  Wisconsin  Library  School, 
Dr.  Koch,  of  the  University  of  Michigan  Li- 
brary, and  Dr.  Steiner,  of  the  Enoch  Pratt 
Free  Library  (Baltimore),  were  asked  to  join 
with  me  in  forming,  with  two  or  three  others, 
a  committee  to  consider  plans  for  the  proposed 
commission,  bringing  matters  to  a  head  at  the 
meeting  of  the  A.  L.  A.  in  1914.  Furthermore, 
and  as  a  tentative  working  organization,  the 
committee  has  been  asked  to  assist  in  editing 
the  material  for  the  comparison  of  diction- 
aries, hoping  thus  to  make  Part  IT.  a  more  pre- 
tentious undertaking  and  more  useful  for  ref- 
erence purposes  than  its  predecessor. 

From  the  present  outlook  it  is  likely  that  the 
dictionary  comparisons  will  appear  in  the  LI- 
BRARY JOURNAL  of  December  or  January.  We 
trust  readers  will  contribute  to  the  stock-in- 
trade  of  the  commission  yet  to  be.  We  want 
as  data  the  experience  of  every  dictionary  user 
in  seeking  what  he  is  after,  and  the  nearer  we 
can  approximate  this  aggregate  of  experience 
the  better. 

As  a  provisional  memorandum  of  what  may 
be  considered  in  the  comparison,  the  following 
may  be  of  interest: 

1.  Claims  of  publishers  that  this  or  that  work 
is  the  only  one  truly  representative,  having  on 
its   editorial   staff  experts  in  every  branch  of 
learning,  or  that  the  work  is  the  product  of  a 
hundred  or  more  educators. 

2.  Drift   of   opinion   about  the  various    dic- 
tionaries, and  a  svmposium  of  why  the  differ- 
ent ones  are  liked. 

7.  Thoroughness  and  consistency  of  the  ma- 
terial in  the  vocabulary. 

4.  Advantpges   and    disadvantages   of  doing 
away  with   the   appendices   and   incorporating 
such  matter  in  the  single  vocabulary. 

5.  The  merits  and  demerits  of  India  or  other 
thin  paper. 


6i6 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


6.  Up-to-dateness   and   thoroughness   of  re- 
vision of  preceding  editions,  e.g.,  the  including 
of  such   recent   words   as   "hangar,"    and   the 
latest  botanical  or  other  scientific  nomencla- 
ture. 

7.  Respelling  and  diacritical  marks  for  pro- 
nunciation. 

8.  References     for     British     pronunciation, 
spelling  or  usages  of  definition. 

9.  Cross  references  in  text  and  other  matters 
having  to  do  with  ease  or  thoroughness  in  con- 
sultation. 

10.  Handiness  and  reliability  in  the  smaller 
dictionaries. 

Following  is  a  tentative  list  of  dictionaries 
to  be  included:  The  larger  ones — New  Cen- 
tury, New  Standard,  Oxford,  Webster,  New 
International,  Webster's  Universal ;  the  smaller 
ones — Concise  Oxford,  Student's  Home,  Stu- 
dent's Standard,  Webster's  Collegiate,  Web- 
ster's Little  Gem,  Websterian. 


A  CURRENT  CHILIAN  BIBLIOGRAPHY 

FOR  the  benefit  of  those  who  are  working  in 
the  important  bibliographical  field  of  Latin- 
Americana,  and  who  have  experienced  the  dif- 
ficulties of  keeping  fairly  well  informed  re- 
specting current  publications,  it  seems  well 
worth  while  to  call  attention  to  the  new  Chilian 
bibliographical  monthly,  Revista  de  bibliografia 
Chilena  y  extranjera,  published  monthly  for 
the  information  bureau  of  the  National  Li- 
brary, which  began  publication  January,  1913. 

The  purpose  of  the  review  is  to  furnish  a 
summary  of  the  intellectual  production  of 
Chile  and  other  countries  as  manifested 
through  current  books  and  periodicals,  and  to 
this  end  it  is  divided  into  six  principal  sec- 
tions:  i,  Seccion  Chilena;  2,  Seccion  Ameri- 
cana ;  3,  Seccion  europea ;  4,  Consultas  biblio- 
graficas;  5,  Cronica  de  la  Biblioteca  nacional; 
6,  Correspondencia. 

It  will  be  found  a  most  important  guide  to 
current  Latin-American  literature,  giving  not 
only  titles  but,  in  the  case  of  important  works, 
summaries  of  their  contents,  and  also  full  no- 
tice of  current  numbers  of  periodicals. 

As  indicated  in  the  title,  it  is  an  official  pub- 
lication of  the  Biblioteca  Nacional  at  Santiago. 

C.  K.  JONES. 

WASHINGTON,   D.    C. 


THE  BOURNEMOUTH    MEETING   OF 

THE  ENGLISH  LIBRARY 

ASSOCIATION* 

THE  thirty-sixth  annual  meeting  of  the 
Library  Association  was  held  at  Bourne- 

*  Acknowledgment  of  help  in  the  preparation  of  this 
article  is  due  the  various  speakers  on  tie  program 
who  were  good  enough  to  send  the  writer  summaries 
of  their  papers,  and  also  to  Mr.  Charles  Riddle,  who 
had  charge  of  the  local  arrangements,  for  his  cour- 
tesy in  sending  newspaper  accounts  of  the  meeting, 
which  have  been  freely  drawn  upon  here. — T.  W.  K. 


mouth,  the  popular  resort  on  the  South  Coast, 
Sept.  1-6  inclusive.  The  attractions  of  the 
place  were  set  forth  in  the  1913  edition  of 
the  official  guide  by  Clive  Holland  and  the 
literary  associations  of  the  town  and  neigh-* 
borhood  were  described  in  a  paper  by  Mr. 
Charles  H.  Mate  published  in  the  Library  As- 
sociation Record,  and  distributed  as  a  separ- 
ate to  the  delegates  in  attendance.  The 
Mayor  in  extending  an  official  welcome  said 
that  while  he  did  not  think  that  any  of  his 
auditors  would  wish  like  James  I.  to  be 
chained  to  a  shelf  in  the  Bodleian  yet  they 
spent  most  of  their  days  very  close  to  their 
shelves  and  he  believed  that  from  every  one 
of  them  there  was  emanating  an  odor  of 
pure  literature.  He  hoped  that  their  delib- 
erations would  result  in  the  production  of  a 
perfect  catalog. 

In  his  presidential  address,  Lord  Malrn.es- 
bury  emphasized  the  importance  of  librarians 
acquiring  a  sympathetic  understanding  of  the 
complex  national  life.  Librarians  have  all  of 
the  virtues  of  the  professed  educationalist 
and  the  typical  literary  man  with  none  of  the 
petty  vices  and  shortcomings  of  either.  They 
have  an  infinite  store  of  patience,  tact  and 
judgment,  as  well  as  that  practical  knowledge 
of  mankind  which  comes  from  contact  with 
the  busy  world.  While  educationalists  were 
too  apt  to  treat  all  pupils  alike,  librarians 
were  ready  to  recognize  the  individuality  of 
the  reader  and  he  only  regretted  that  they 
did  not  occupy  a  more  definite  position  in  the 
general  scheme  of  things.  He  also  wished 
that  the  public  library  might  play  a  more  im- 
portant part  in  the  recreations  of  the  people. 

A  paper  on  "The  public  library  movement 
in  Bournemouth,"  by  Mr.  Charles  Riddle, 
chief  librarian  of  the  Bournemouth  Public  Li- 
braries, had  been  printed  in  advance  and  was 
taken  as  read.  The  Bournemouth  Central 
Library  was  opened  in  1895  as  an  "open  ac- 
cess" library  and  since  that  time  the  open 
access  policy  has  gradually  gained  in  popu- 
larity and  was,  according  to  the  speaker,  just 
becoming  recognized  as  the  only  system  of 
real  educational  value.  There  are  now  200 
open  access  libraries  in  the  United  Kingdom. 

Mr.  Henry  R.  Tedder  gave  a  memorial  ad- 
dress on  the  late  E.  W.  B.  Nicholson,  libra- 
rian of  the  Bodleian,  1882-1912.  The  paper 
had  a  two-fold  object,  one  being  to  place  on 
record  the  services  of  Nicholson  in  relation 
to  the  inception  and  first  organization  of  the 
Library  Association,  and  the  other  to  pre- 
sent a  picture  of  a  great  librarian,  a  man  of 
fine  and  striking  personality,  whose  memory 
was  held  in  admiration  and  affection  by  many 
old  friends.  After  a  successful  Oxford 
career,  Nicholson  was  appointed  chief  libra- 
rian of  the  London  Institution  in  Finsbury 
Circus.  Here  Nicholson  found  a  congenial 
field  for  his  love  of  energetic  reform,  and  in- 
troduced life  into  the  lending  library  and 
lecture  programs.  He  reclassified  the  refer- 
ence library  without  much  regard  for  the 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


6l7 


views  of  his  famous  predecessors  Porson  and 
Upcott,  and  bound  old  folios  in  buckram. 
There  had  been  a  conference  of  librarians  at 
Philadelphia  in  1876  and  Nicholson  suggested 
in  the  press  that  a  similar  meeting  should 
take  place  in  London.  An  organizing  com- 
mittee was  formed  and  an  International  Con- 
ference was  held  at  the  London  Institution 
in  October,  1877.  At  this  meeting  the  Library 
Association  of  the  United  Kingdom  was 
established  on  the  lines  of  the  American 
Library  Association.  For  some  eighteen 
months  Nicholson  was  the  Honorary  Secre- 
tary of  the  Association  with  Mr.  Tedder  as 
his  colleague.  From  the  year  1813  the  Bod- 
leian Library  under  Bandinel  and  Coxe  had 
been  administered  with  dignity  by  two  ex- 
cellent librarians  of  the  good  old  scholarly 
order,  but  on  the  death  of  the  last  named 
the  curators  sought  for  a  librarian  of  a  more 
go-ahead  type.  Perhaps  a  cyclone  was 
wanted  to  bring  fresh  air  into  Bodley,  but  prob- 
ably no  one  looked  forward  to  a  cyclone 
which  lasted  thirty  years.  When  they  chose 
Nicholson  in  1882  the  curators  selected  a 
young  man  full  of  energy,  a  good  scholar,  a 
tried  organizer,  of  excellent  technical  qualifi- 
cations, a  man  of  scrupulous  honor  and  un- 
blemished reputation,  of  lofty  aims,  one  deter- 
mined to  devote  his  life  to  making  Bodley 
an  honor  to  Oxford  and  a  pattern  to  the 
library  world.  As  regards  social  qualities, 
Nicholson  had  the  disadvantage  of  following 
Coxe,  a  man  of  great  personal  charm  and 
distinction.  Among  the  improvements  made 
by  Nicholson  within  the  first  five  years  of  his 
career  the  following  might  be  mentioned :  an 
increase  in  the  staff,  the  introduction  of  boy 
labor,  a  new  code  of  cataloging  rules,  the 
development  of  the  subject-catalog  as  well  as 
the  shelf-classification  of  the  printed  books, 
better  binding  methods,  more  facilities  for 
readers,  the  establishment  of  a  course  of  in- 
struction in  paleography,  and  the  reorgani- 
zation of  the  great  collection  of  coins  and 
medals.  All  this  time  he  was  dealing  with 
ordinary  routine  business,  superintending  the 
cataloging  which  had  fallen  into  arrears, 
looking  after  the  finances  and  finding  room  for 
accessions.  For  many  years  the  elaboration 
of  the  subject-catalog  was  constantly  before 
him.  In  this  he  found  a  powerful  opponent 
in  Professor  Chandler.  On  the  occasion  of 
the  Bodleian  Tercentenary  celebration  in 
October,  1902,  Nicholson  made  a  great  effort 
to  induce  some  generous  donor  to  endow  the 
Library,  but  his  eloquence  and  persuasion 
were  not  successful.  On  every  occasion  the 
honor  and  dignity  of  Bodley  found  in  him  a 
zealous  defender  and  as  the  head  of  a  great 
library  he  always  encouraged  earnest  students 
to  enjoy  the  treasures  of  the  collection.  For 
three  years  he  fought  against  a  proposal  to 
use  the  Proscholium  as  a  .bicycle  stable  and 
when  two  successive  Vice-Chancellors  erected 
stands,  on  each  occasion  he  cleared  them 
away.  "Luckily  I  had  my  own  rights,"  said 


Nicholson  in  a  brochure  (1905).  This  per- 
sistent claim  upon  his  rights  may  have  been 
one  of  the  reasons  why  he  was  not  very 
popular  among  his  fellow  dons.  The  conflicts 
with  university  dignitaries  extended  through- 
out the  period  of  his  office  and  the  pamphlets 
he  circulated  contain  some  of  his  best  writ- 
ings. Although  his  name  never  became  as- 
sociated with  any  book  of  commanding  impor- 
tance, he  was  always  ambitious  of  distinction 
in  letters,  and  from  his  first  volume  "The 
Christ  child  and  other  poems/'  1877,  ms  con~ 
tributions  to  the  press,  though  many,  were  all 
of  small  extent.  The  British  Museum  Cata- 
log enumerates  about  38  entries ;  a  complete 
Nicholson  bibliography  would  extend  to  over 
50  titles.  He  published  poetry,  plays,  stories, 
music,  and  wrote  on  folk-lore,  Celtic  languages 
and  archaeology,  biblical  criticism,  English 
philology,  cruelty  to  animals,  and  Greek 
scholarship.  In  no  direction  can  he  be  said 
to  have  achieved  conspicuous  success,  though 
perhaps  two  books  "Golspie"  (1897)  and 
"Keltic  researches"  (1904)  were  of  special 
interest.  He  had  the  qualifications  of  scholar- 
ship, untiring  industry,  originality,  a  ready 
pen  and  a  clear  style,  but  everything  he  wrote 
was  cramped  by  his  fondness  for  unimportant 
detail.  Among  the  important  innovations  in 
Bodley  due  to  his  initiative  in  recent  years 
were  the  provision  of  a  new  reading  room, 
the  construction  of  the  underground  storage 
room  (opened  nine  months  after  his  death  in 
1912)  and  the  revision  of  the  catalog  of 
printed  books.  Like  all  men  of  strong  char- 
acter he  made  some  enemies,  but  even  these 
recognized  his  noble  aims,  his  conscientious- 
ness, his  boundless  energy  and  love  of  work, 
his  ceaseless  endeavors  to  fulfil  effectively  the 
duties  of  his  office.  His  friends,  who  were 
many,  lamented  the  occasional  brusqueness 
which  concealed  a  tender  heart.  Even  his 
almost  tremulous  anxiety  to  be  scrupulously 
fair  sometimes  brought  him  into  trouble.  He 
was  a  great  librarian  and  had  many  of  the 
qualities  of  a  great  man.  His  name  will  ever 
be  treasured  by  the  Library  Association. 

"The  public  library  and  the  tutorial  class" 
was  to  have  been  discussed  by  Mr.  J.  Dover 
Wilson,  His  Majesty's  Inspector  of  Tutorial 
Classes,  but  he  was  prevented  from  attending. 
As  a  substitute  Mr.  A.  H.  Garstang,  of  South- 
port,  contributed  a  paper  on  "Co-operative 
specializing  by  municipal  libraries."  In  his 
opinion  there  was  among  the  public  libraries 
a  lack  of  method  in  studying  the  wants  of 
students.  He  thought  that  every  library 
ought  to  specialize  in  some  department  of 
science  or  literature,  that  then  by  co-operation 
among  groups  of  libraries  much  might  be 
done  to  promote  original  research.  The  co- 
operation should  not  be  limited  to  the  granting 
of  access  to  the  special  collections,  but  inter- 
library  loans  should  be  established  quite 
generally. 

At  the  Tuesday  afternoon  session  Mr.  Basil 
Anderton,  Librarian  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 


6i8 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


read  a  paper  "On  planning  a  catalog  of  local 
literature,"  in  which  he  pointed  out  that  while 
certain  sections  concerned  with  the  history, 
antiquities,  dialect  and  local  industries  might 
be  of  special  value,  yet  the  literature  to  be 
recorded  is  often  as  a  whole  of  minor  impor- 
tance. A  catalog  of  local  literature  is  there- 
fore less  useful  as  a  guide  to  best  books  than 
as  a  key  to  what  might  be  called  local  bio- 
graphy. Hence  the  author  list  should  be 
given  most  attention.  In  the  subject  list  the 
less  vital  sections  should  be  abbreviated  and 
the  more  notable  sections  emphasized.  A 
lucid  arrangement  of  some  collections  like 
topographical  views  and  sometimes  a  mere 
reference  to  existing  lists  may  serve  to  lessen 
labor  and  reduce  the  cost  of  printing.  His- 
tory and  description  will  probably  have  to  be 
cataloged  together,  just  as  the  tendency  now 
is  to  classify  them  together.  As  to  surveys, 
views  and  photographs,  the  amount  of  detail 
to  be  printed  will  depend  partly  on  the 
amount  of  material  in  the  collection,  and 
partly  on  the  manner  in  which  that  material 
is  arranged  in  the  library.  If  there  is  a 
special  collection  of  such  things,  with  a  spe- 
cial ms.  or  typewritten  catalog  into  which 
new  insertions  can  readily  be  made  as  oc- 
casion arises,  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  do 
more  than  refer  in  the  printed  catalog  to  the 
fact  that  the  collection  is  available  and  that 
its  contents  are  clearly  shown  in  the  library 
itself.  On  the  other  hand,  the  maps  of  a 
district  or  town  are  rarely  too  numerous  to  be 
listed  separately  and,  of  course,  those  of  the 
larger  districts  should  come  first,  and  in  each 
section  the  maps  should  be  arranged  chrono- 
logically. The  books  on  the  heraldry  and 
genealogy  of  local  families  will,  of  course, 
need  to  be  recorded.  The  interest  in  por- 
traits is  twofold:  (i)  in  the  artist  and  (2) 
in  the  person  portrayed.  Portraits  are  to  be 
found  in  collective  and  individual  biographies ; 
they  are  prefixed  to  writings  by  the  author 
and  they  also  occur  in  editions  of  the  artists' 
works.  A  complete  alphabetical  list  of  por- 
traits of  local  celebrities,  with  the  briefest 
possible  indication  of  the  books  and  periodi- 
cals in  which  they  are  found,  would  be  a 
valuable  adjunct  to  the  kind  of  catalog  under 
discussion.  The  bookplates  of  local  people 
are  (if  armorial)  of  interest  from  the  stand- 
point of  heraldry  and  family  history.  If  not 
armorial  they  often  reveal  something  of  the 
personal  taste  of  the  owner  and  so  are  of 
biographical  value.  If  drawn  by  local  artists 
they  are  of  added  interest  in  this  respect. 
The  question  of  listing  the  work  of  local 
artists  is  a  difficult  one,  as  the  work  is  apt 
to  be  scattered  in  books  and  art  journals. 
Illustrators  of  books  that  are  in  the  local  sec- 
tion would  naturally  receive  somewhat  fuller 
notice  than  those  whose  work  appeared  in 
books  which  were  not  local.  The  subject  of 
local  typography  is  of  interest  ^to  numerous 
bibliophiles  and  booksellers.  Philologists  and 
general  readers  who  love  the  dialect  of  their 


own  district  would  be  interested  in  a  list 
of  all  the  books  showing  such  local  color. 
The  preparation  of  a  local  catalog,  if  it  is  to 
represent  effectually  the  interests  of  the  dis- 
trict, is  not  a  task  to  be  undertaken  lightly. 
There  is  a  great  amount  of  detail  to  be  con- 
sidered and  we  must  be  careful  lest  we  find 
ourselves  in  the  end  unable  to  see  the  wood 
for  the  trees. 

A  plan  for  "The  extension  of  public  libra- 
ries to  rural  districts"  was  presented  by  Mr. 
J.  McKillop,  who  asked  the  conference  to  look 
at  the  subject  of  the  public  library  as  a  whole 
and  quoted  figures  to  show  that  the  library  sys- 
tem of  the  country  gave  88  per  cent,  of  the 
urban  population  and  only  1^2  per  cent,  of 
the  rural  population  access  to  collections  of 
literature  as  a  public  right.  There  were  in 
the  country  two  absolutely  contrasted  areas, 
the  urban  and  the  rural,  and  the  system  of 
local  administration  at  present  in  practice  was 
based  on  the  difference  in  these  areas  and 
it  perpetuated  that  difference.  The  speaker 
felt  assured  that  they  would  not  get  rid  of  the 
backwardness  of  the  country  population  and 
the  overcrowding  and  sordidness  of  their 
town  districts,  until  they  found  a  way  to  con- 
solidate local  government.  The  provision  and 
administration  of  libraries  was  a  local  func- 
tion and  as  soon  as  they  got  rid  of  the 
divorce  between  urban  and  rural  districts  the 
rural  library  problem  would  disappear.  The 
only  way  to  do  this,  he  contended,  was  to  get 
unified  authority  for  the  whole  country,  in- 
cluding the  boroughs.  If  they  could,  by  some 
means  or  other,  give  access  to  books  to  every 
one  who  wished  for  it,  they  should  work 
toward  the  breaking  down  of  that  separation 
between  urban  and  rural  areas  and  seek  to 
get  established  a  unified  authority  for  the 
county.  Mentioning  some  figures  he  said  that 
a  penny  rate  in  the  whole  country  would  pro- 
duce about  £860,000,  and  dividing  the  country 
up  into,  say,  ten  library  districts,  that  would 
yield  an  average  of  £86,000  to  each  district. 
This  would  place  within  the  hands  of  a  capable 
authority  a  sum  which  would  be  in  the 
nature  and  order  of  what  would  be  required 
to  provide  a  sufficient  county  service  covering 
all  the  rural  areas.  Again,  if  one  had  author- 
ities covering  large  areas  in  this  country  it 
would  be  quite  possible  to  provide  for  every 
class  of  readers.  Mr.  McKillop  wanted  to  see  a 
state  of  things  in  which  anyone  who  could 
profit  by  the  study  or  reading  of  any  book 
should  have  perfectly  free  access  to  that  book, 
either  in  his  own  home  or  in  his  own  village, 
or  at  the  most  within  a  bicycle  ride.  The 
alternative  to  what  he  had  suggested  was  a 
national  scheme.  He  considered  that  what- 
ever the  conditions  were  in  the  towns,  it  was 
at  any  rate  their  bounden  duty  to  remove  the 
difficulty  of  children  just  leaving  school  being 
unable  to  continue  their  'reading  in  the  rural 
districts.  He  maintained  that  by  establishing 
up  and  down  the  country  in  every  village  and 
parish  and  hamlet  some  sort  of  an  establish- 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


619 


ment  of  a  public  nature,  beginning,  let  them 
say,  with  a  library  where  information  at  least 
with  reference  to  public  affairs  could  be 
secured,  they  would  be  doing  a  great  deal 
towards  the  future  when  every  parish  would 
have  a  sort  of  state  house  where  information 
of  every  kind  was  available.  He  wanted  to 
see  more  co-operation  between  the  state  and 
individual.  He  urged  the  Library  Associa- 
tion to  take  up  the  matter  and  press  for  an 
inquiry  to  ascertain  the  causes  of  the  terrible 
disproportion  between  urban  and  rural  dis- 
tricts. They  had  now  had  a  Public  Libraries' 
Bill  before  Parliament  for  nine  years  and 
when  it  next  came  up  he  hoped  that  they 
would  urge  that  the  question  of  providing 
public  reading  in  this  country  should  be  in- 
quired into  by  a  select  committee.  The 
Library  Association  ought  to  be  now  prepar- 
ing evidence  to  submit  to  that  committee.  In 
conclusion  he  summed  up  his  remarks  under 
three  heads:  (i)  The  county  should  be  made 
an  absolutely  unified  authority  for  all  libraries ; 
(2)  the  function  of  the  library  should  be  ex- 
tended indefinitely  until  everyone  in  the  King- 
dom had  the  same  ready  access  to  books  that 
was  possible  in  London;  and  (3)  that  an 
inquiry  was  necessary  into  the  library  sys- 
tem as  a  whole,  and  that  it  should  be  pressed 
forward  at  once. 

Mr.  L.  Stanley  Jast  was  afraid  that  many  of 
the  sugggestions  advanced  were  not  within 
the  range  of  practical  politics.  The  Public 
Libraries'  Amendment  Bill  before  Parlia- 
ment provided  some  practical  machinery,  inas- 
much as  it  sought  to  create  county  library 
authorities  and  while  there  was  nothing  in  the 
measure  to  suggest  that  the  great  centers  of 
population  should  sink  themselves  in  the 
county  authority,  it  was  a  matter  of  practical 
politics  to  have  it  so.  The  machinery  which 
the  Bill  provided  would  furnish  a  beginning 
at  all  events  upon  the  lines  suggested  by  Mr. 
McKillop,  but  if  the  matter  were  referred  to 
a  special  committee  with  instructions  to  deal 
with  the  whole  public  library  system  of  the 
country,  then  he  feared  that  they  would  raise 
so  great  an  issue  that  the  Bill  would  be 
smothered,  inasmuch  as  it  would  give  mem- 
bers of  Parliament  the  idea  that  librarians 
did  not  know  what  they  wanted.  They  wanted 
more  money,  and  while  they  would  be  glad 
to  have  more  money  from  the  state  it  was 
perfectly  conceivable  that  the  advantages  of 
receiving  state  grants  would  be  far  more  than 
outweighed  by  the  disadvantages  of  state 
supervision. 

The  first  paper  on  Wednesday  morning  was 
an  illustrated  one  on  "The  libraries  of  Hol- 
land," by  Miss  N.  Snouck  Hurgronje,  librar- 
ian, Openbare  Bibliotheek,  Dordrecht.  She 
spoke  first  of  the  libraries  operated  by  the 
Society  for  the  Common  Good  which  were  the 
first  popular  libraries  in  Holland.  She  said 
that  England  had  been  taken  as  an  example 
in  the  matter  of  public  libraries  and  she  de- 
tailed some  of  the  difficulties  which  had  to  be 


overcome  before  the  first  real  public  library 
was  opened  at  Dordrecht.  This  was  the  only 
institution  of  its  kind  for  four  years,  but 
there  are  now  seven  public  libraries  in  Hol- 
land. She  outlined  the  program  of  the  library 
movement  and  its  gradual  growth,  touched 
on  the  questions  of  municipal  and  state 
grants  and  emphasized  the  struggle  which 
ensued  for  grants  from  the  Treasury.  In 
this  work  the  Dutch  Library  Association's 
efforts  were  crowned  with  success.  In  con- 
clusion she  showed  stereopticon  views  of 
various  library  buildings  in  Holland,  which 
were  much  appreciated  by  the  audience.  Then 
followed  a  paper  held  over  from  the  previ- 
ous day's  session,  "Music  in  public  libraries, 
with  special  notes  on  the  John  B.  M.  Camm 
music  reference  library,  and  a  comparison  of 
the  classification  of  orchestral  music,"  by  Mr. 
Charles  Riddle,  chief  librarian,  Bournemouth 
Public  Libraries.  "I  find,"  said  Mr.  Riddle, 
"that  as  far  back  as  1857  Liverpool  com- 
menced to  provide  music,  and  this  I  should 
imagine  was  the  first  attempt  made  in  this 
country  to  cater  to  musicians  and  lovers  of 
music  in  our  public  libraries.  ...  I  cannot  con- 
ceive anything  more  certain  in  library  work 
than  the  popularity  of  this  phase  of  our  pro- 
fession. .  We  are  a  music  loving  people,  and 
no  town  or  village  is  without  its  glee  or  con- 
cert party,  orchestral,  philharmonic  or  other 
society.  There  is  abundant  proof  that  all 
grades  of  society  show  an  active  interest  in 
music.  The  working  classes  contain  in  their 
ranks  some  of  the  keenest  critics  and  show 
beyond  any  reasonable  doubt  that  the  love 
of  music  is  by  no  means  confined  to  the 
leisured  and  upper  classes.  What  better 
evidence  can  we  have  of  this  than  the  ex- 
istence of  so  many  workmen's  bands  in  towns 
and  villages?  Being  a  popular  subject  with 
all  classes  of  the  community,  if  properly 
looked  after,  there  cannot  be  any  reasonable 
objection  to  the  provision  of  music.  Those 
who  have  charge  of  music  sections  can,  I  feel 
sure,  vouch  for  the  use  made  of  the  works 
provided,  being  next  in  popularity  to  fiction. 
Music  appeals  to  the  finer  instincts  of  our 
natures,  and  the  study  of  it  should  receive 
every  encouragement  at  the  hands  of  com- 
mittees and  librarians,  for  genius  springs 
from  the  masses  perhaps  more  often  than 
from  the  classes.  This  encouragement  ap- 
plies not  only  to  the  lighter  music  but  also  to 
the  music  of  the  masters  and  the  more  ex- 
pensive music  to  aid  the  poor  student  in  his 
chosen  profession.  It  must  be  patent  to 
everyone  that  the  ratepayers  and  music  stu- 
dents have  as  much  right  to  demand  good 
music  as  the  student  of  any  class  of  literature, 
and  I  greatly  fear  that  the  provision  is  not 
commensurate  with  the  demand.  .  .  .  As  far 
as  I  can  gather  music  was  collected  for  a 
long  time  in  a  more  or  less  haphazard  man- 
ner, and  the  large  libraries,  such  as  Liverpool, 
Birmingham,  Nottingham,  and  Cardiff  posses- 
sed a  considerable  amount.  In  later  years 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913-. 


comparatively  great  collections  have  been 
made  at  Finsbury,  Islington,  St.  George's, 
Hanover  Square,  and  other  places  in  London, 
while  Brighton  and  Bournemouth,  to  mention 
only  two  in  the  south,  made  this  a  prominent 
feature  of  their  stocks.  .  .  .  Respecting  the 
basis  of  all  collections  of  music — the  music 
of  the  masters — these  must  in  any  case  be 
provided,  either  in  instrumental  or  orchestral 
form.  The  mention  of  this  brings  me  to 
quite  a  different  phase  of  the  subject,  viz., 
orchestral  music.  Now  let  me  say  at  once 
that  as  a  general  rule  it  would  be  an  unneces- 
sary expense  to  go  far  in  the  provision  of 
orchestral  music,  as  full  orchestral  scores  are 
very  expensive  and  cost  as  much  as  five 
pounds.  What,  however,  every  library  should 
aim  at  is  the  acquisition  of  as  many  minia- 
ture scores  as  will  meet  the  local  circum- 
stances." Coming  to  the  all-important  ques- 
tion of  binding  the  miniature  scores  and 
music  generally,  Mr.  Riddle  said :  "Music 
for  the  reference  library  or  those  rarely 
used  should  be  well  bound,  but  cheaper 
and  more  easily  replaced  popular  works  need 
only  a  limp  cloth  cover,  or  be  treated  as  I 
have  shown  from  miniature  scores.  To  cir- 
cumvent the  inclination  of  unscrupulous  bor- 
rowers from  abstracting  choice  passages  or 
popular  airs,  all  our  music  is  stamped  with  a 
very  small  stamp  at  various  places  in  the 
spaces  between  the  lines  of  the  stave,  but  not 
in  such  a  position  as  to  be  mistaken  for  a 
weird  collection  of  semi-breves."  Attention 
was  called  to  the  fact  that  the  Bournemouth 
Municipal  Orchestra  had  during  an  unbroken 
period  of  twenty  years  performed  no  less 
than  2011  works,  609  of  which  were  by  British 
composers.  It  is  expected  to  have  all  of  these 
represented  in  this  collection  and  to  continue 
to  add  all  such  as  are  performed  from  time 
to  time  by  the  local  organization. 

"English  and  American  co-operation  for  an 
Index  to  General  Periodicals'*  was  discussed 
by  Mr.  T.  W.  Lyster  of  the  National  Library 
of  Ireland.  He  urged  the  great  necessity  of  a 
reliable  index  since  the  quinquennial  publi- 
cation of  Poole's  Index  had  ceased,  and  he 
hoped  that  the  Association  would  take  some 
action  in  the  matter.  In  the  discussion  that 
followed  it  was  suggested  that  some  publisher 
might  be  induced  to  issue  such  an  index,  and 
it  was  thought  by  one  speaker  that  possibly  a 
portion  of  the  legacy  of  £2,000,  which  had 
been  left  to  the  Association  could  be  used  to 
help  cover  the  expense  of  such  an  undertak- 
ing. 

Mr.  Henry  D.  Roberts,  librarian,  Brighton, 
read  an  interesting  paper  on  "Library  facili- 
ties for  visitors  to  holiday  resorts."  He  said 
that  the  authorities  of  the  majority  of  the 
holiday  resorts  spent  a  considerable  amount 
of  time  and  money  in  inducing  visitors  to 
come  to  their  various  towns,  but  they  usually 
rested  content  with  getting  them  there  and  did 
not  take  them  in  hand  to  any  great  extent 
after  their  arrival.  Many  persons  said,  "Why 


bother  people  with  library  facilities  when 
they  are  on  a  holiday?  The  holiday  maker 
wants  to  enjoy  himself  and  improve  his  body,, 
not  his  mind."  This  might  apply,  said  Mr. 
Roberts,  to  the  tripper,  who  was  of  very  little 
profit  to  anybody  but  the  railroad  company, 
and  who,  in  the  majority  of  cases,  brought 
his  "nosebag"  with  him,  leaving  the  said 
"nosebag"  to  litter  the  streets  when  he  had 
finished  with  it.  It  might  also  apply  to  the 
visitors  of  a  few  days,  but  from  actual  prac- 
tical experience  he  could  tell  them  that  the 
possession  or  not  of  a  good  public  library,, 
museum  or  art  gallery  often  went  a  very  long, 
way  to  decide  at  which  town  a  person  would 
spend  his  annual  holiday,  and  he  also  knew 
that  the  contents  of  the  institution  of  which 
he  had  the  honor  to  be  director  annually  at- 
tracted a  considerable  number  of  people  to 
Brighton  for  the  day  alone.  Let  them  take 
it  for  granted  that  many  of  the  visitors 
would  be  glad  of  library  facilities  in  the 
towns  where  they  took  their  holidays.  How 
did  the  various  holiday  resorts  of  this  coun- 
try provide  these  facilities?  He  had  made  a 
few  inquiries  from  a  number  of  other  towns,, 
twelve  seaside  and  three  inland  resorts.  At 
Brighton,  Hove,  Plymouth,  Southport,  and 
South  Shields,  visitors  were  treated  on  ex- 
actly the  same  lines  as  non-ratepayer  resi- 
dents, Plymouth  and  Southport  charging  one 
penny  for  the  ticket.  At  Blackpool  visitors,, 
if  staying  for  a  few  weeks,  were  allowed  the 
privilege  of  using  the  lending  library  on  pre- 
cisely the  same  conditions  as  residents.  At 
Bournemouth  a  charge  was  made  of  2s.  6d~ 
for  three  months,  and  55.  for  six  months,  and 
7s.  6d.  for  one  year,  in  addition  to  a  deposit 
of  IDS.  He  inferred  that  these  regulations 
admitted  any  non-residents  and  not  temporary 
visitors  only.  At  Folkstone  no  tickets  at  all 
were  issued  to  visitors,  but  they  were  allowed 
to  use  tickets  issued  to  ratepayers  or  residents 
of  the  town.  At  Hastings  no  charge  was 
made  for  the  use  of  the  library,  but,  as  was 
the  case  at  Bournemouth,  a  deposit  (55.  in 
this  instance)  was  required.  At  Portsmouth 
the  subscription  was  one  shilling  for  every 
three  months  and  a  deposit  of  2os.  At  Worth- 
ing they  had  no  special  facilities  for  visitors. 
At  Harrogate  the  visitor  was  treated  as  a 
non-ratepayer  resident,  but  was  required  to 
give  his  name  and  address,  as  well  as  his  tem- 
porary one  at  Harrogate.  At  Leamington,  if 
the  visitor  stayed  for  not  less  than  three 
months,  he  was  treated  as  a  permanent  resident. 
Visitors  staying  for  less  time  came  under  the 
regulations  for  non-resident  borrowers  and 
paid  an  annual  subscription  of  7s.  6d.,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  guarantee  of  a  ratepayer  of  the 
town.  At  Buxton,  if  the  visitor  stayed  for 
three  months  or  over,  no  charge  was  made, 
the  borrower  being  treated  as  a  permanent 
resident;  to  other  visitors  the  charge  was  is. 
per  week.  None  of  the  towns  to  which  he 
had  referred  placed  any  restrictions  whatever 
in  the  way  of  visitors  using  the  reference 


-November,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


621 


library.  Let  them  consider  whether  it  was 
not  possible  for  library  facilities  to  holiday 
visitors  to  be  extended.  He  had  already  said 
that  in  his  opinion  a  good  library  was  a  con- 
siderable attraction  to  any  town,  and  that  its 
possession  might  be  the  final  inducement  for  a 
holiday-maker  to  pay  it  a  visit,  but  it  must  be 
very  irritating  to  such  a  visitor  to  be  requested 
to  pay  for  the  privilege  of  using  the  lending 
library  when  he  was  to  all  intents  and  pur- 
poses a  resident  of  the  town.  He  knew  of  no 
library  where  a  minimum  length  of  residence 
was  required  before  the  person  could  use  the 
lending  department.  It  was  surely  therefore 
•quite  open  to  a  visitor  to  demand  to  be  treated 
as  a  resident  and  to  refuse  to  pay  the  sum 
demanded.  They  had  not  yet  reached  the 
ideal  state  of  things  when  tickets  would  be 
interchangeable  at  public  libraries  all  over  the 
kingdom,  although  he  saw  no  reason  why 
this  should  not  be  possible.  It  might  be 
argued  that  there  was  no  check  on  such 
tickets,  that  they  might  be  out  of  date,  and 
that  the  borrower  might  have  moved  from 
the  address  given,  but  if,  as  ought  to  be  the 
case,  each  ticket  bore  on  it  the  date  on  which 
it  expired  there  need  be  no  difficulty  on  the 
first  score.  If,  in  addition,  the  would-be 
reader  was  asked  if  he  still  lived  at  the  ad- 
dress given  on  the  ticket,  the  other  difficulty 
was  overcome.  There  might  be  a  few  cases 
of  dishonesty,  but  the  pleasure  given  to  the 
others  would  more  than  counter-balance  any 
possible  loss.  Another  method,  and  one  which 
he  himself  would  prefer,  would  be  that  be- 
fore persons  left  their  own  towns  they  should 
•obtain  a  form  from  their  librarian,  introduc- 
ing the  would-be  borrower  and  undertaking 
to  grant  books  as  having  been  issued  to  him 
from  his  own  library,  the  library  being  re- 
sponsible for  any  loss.  It  would  be  an  ad- 
vantage to  any  holiday  resort  to  let  the  fact 
that  it  would  accept  such  introductions 
be  known  all  over  the  country.  It  would  be 
a  great  help  to  the  borrower,  as  he  might 
find  some  difficulty  in  obtaining  a  local  rate- 
payer as  guarantor,  and  personally,  he  ob- 
jected to  the  deposit  system  as  being  irritating 
without  many  compensating  advantages. 
There  was  another  way  in  which  special 
groups  of  visitors  could  be  assisted.  Most 
seaside  resorts  at  various  times  were  the  meet- 
ing places  for  different  conferences  and  Brigh- 
ton was  very  popular  in  that  respect.  They 
were  always  prepared  to  issue  books  to  the 
members  of  such  conferences  on  the  produc- 
tion of  their  conference  tickets,  and  this  fact 
was  usually  incorporated  in  the  conference 
program.  Summer  schools  for  teachers  and 
others  were  becoming  popular.  They  had 
one  every  year  in  Brighton  under  the  auspices 
of  their  Education  Committee.  The  stu- 
dents at  these  schools  were  allowed  to  borrow 
any  reasonable  number  of  books,  other  than 
fiction,  for  home  reading  on  presentation  of 
their  summer  school  tickets.  Most  libraries 
took  in  some  provincial  papers.  They  had 


quite  a  large  number  at  Brighton.  It  would 
give  undoubted  pleasure  to  visitors  from  a 
distance  if  they  could  read  their  own  local 
papers  while  on  a  holiday,  and  a  card  sent  to 
the  various  hotels  and  boarding  houses,  stat- 
ing which  provincial  papers  were  to  be  seen 
in  the  news  room  would  be  appreciated.  There 
was  one  other  point  on  which  he  would  like 
to  speak,  although  it  did  not  come  under  the 
heading  of  "library  facilities,"  and  was  more 
what  might  be  called  "facilities  at  the  library." 
He  considered  that  in  the  library  itself  should 
be  centered  all  the  information  which  it  was 
possible  to  give  visitors,  especially  that  re- 
lating to  the  town  in  which  they  were  stay- 
ing. 

Wednesday  afternoon  was  given  up  to  a 
drive  to  Heron  Court,  the  country  seat  of  the 
Earl  of  Malmesbury,  where  a  garden  party 
was  given  in  honor  of  the  visiting  librarians. 

The  Thursday  morning  session  opened  with 
a  delegate's  report  on  the  Kaaterskill  meet- 
ing of  the  American  Library  Association, 
given  by  Mr.  Stanley  A.  Jast,  and  received 
with  loud  applause.  Then  followed  a  paper 
on  American  libraries  by  Miss  E.  S.  Feagan, 
librarian  of  Ladies'  College,  Cheltenham.  This 
paper  was  the  outcome  of  a  brief  visit  to  the 
United  States  last  April  and  dealt  with  some 
points  in  American  library  administration, 
such  as  the  card  section  of  the  Library  of 
Congress,  book  selection  at  the  Pittsburgh 
Carnegie  Library  and  the  Cleveland  Public 
Library,  and  some  of  the  activities  of  the 
Chicago  Public  Library. 

The  last  paper  on  the  program  was  on 
"Past  and  present  professional  training;  its 
results  and  prospects,"  by  Mr.  W.  C.  Berwick 
Sayers,  in  the  course  of  which  he  complained 
that  too  great  attention  was  being  paid  to  the 
intellectual  side  of  the  training  of  librarians 
and  too  little  to  the  economic  side.  City 
authorities,  he  said,  were  guilty  in  the  admin- 
istration of  their  libraries  of  definite  social 
and  economic  immorality  and  they  should 
know  it  as  soon  as  possible.  He  further 
maintained  that  the  public  demanded  far  more 
from  libraries  and  librarians  than  it  was  pre- 
pared to  pay  for.  Of  the  550  librarians  in 
the  country  less  than  200  received  salaries  of 
more  than  £200  a  year  and  of  the  assistant 
librarians  only  about  100  received  salaries  of 
£120  a  year  or  more.  He  touched  on  the 
question  of  whether  training  could  remove 
the  lack  of  professional  atmosphere  in  the 
library  world  and  he  also  suggested  various 
remedies  for  the  overcrowding  of  the  pro- 
fession. According  to  Mr.  E.  A.  Baker,  who 
opened  the  discussion,  the  Education  Com- 
mittee of  the  Association  was  trying  to  pro- 
duce a  better  type  of  librarians  and  the  solu- 
tion of  the  problem  of  the  library  assistant 
was  thought  to  be  found  in  the  employment 
of  more  women  as  assistants.  Mr.  G.  T. 
Shaw,  librarian,  Liverpool,  proposed  the 
following  resolution:  "That  in  view  of  the 
general  development  of  the  educational  work 


622 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


of  the  Library  Association  throughout  the 
provinces  the  Council  be  requested  to  appoint 
a  special  committee  to  consider  the  system  of 
education  and  examination,  to  inquire  into 
the  extent  and  use  of  certificates  issued,  and 
to  make  recommendations  on  the  points  where 
revision  is  desirable ;  the  special  committee 
to  include,  as  far  as  possible,  those  men  who 
have  been  actively  engaged  in  the  education 
of  library  assistants,  and  that  the  various 
branch  associations  be  permitted  to  recom- 
mend the  names  of  representatives."  An 
amendment  was  submitted  by  Mr.  E.  Savage 
of  Wallasey,  adding  to  the  duties  of  the 
special  committee  the  drawing  up  of  a  "scale 
of  salaries,  which  ought  fairly  to  be  paid  to 
certificated  assistants."  Mr.  Savage  said  that 
in  places  where  only  a  penny  rate  was  levied 
for  library  purposes  there  was  not  sufficient 
money  to  pay  librarians  and  assistants  good 
salaries,  and  he  quoted  several  advertisements 
for  positions  in  libraries  where  more  than  a 
penny  rate  could  be  levied  but  in  which  the 
salaries  offered  for  experienced  assistants 
were  all  well  under  £100.  Mr.  Jast  con- 
sidered it  unwise  for  the  Council  to  draw 
up  a  hard  and  fast  scale  of  salaries  and 
after  some  more  discussion  the  resolution  was 
carried  with  the  amendment  withdrawn. 

The  next  annual  meeting  of  the  Library 
Association  will  be  held  at  Oxford,  August 
31  to  September  4,  1914,  and  it  is  hoped  to  have 
a  good  American  contingent  of  visiting  li- 
brarians. 

THEODORE  W.  KOCH. 


LIBRARIANS  AND  TEACHERS  OF 
ENGLISH 

ON  the  invitation  of  Professor  J.  F. 
Hosic,  of  Chicago,  a  Library  Department  of 
the  National  Council  of  Teachers  of  English 
is  being  formed  and  the  first  program  for 
librarians  and  teachers  has  been  prepared  by 
Mr.  Willis  Kerr,  librarian  of  the  Kansas 
State  Normal  School,  Emporia,  Kansas.  The 
meeting  will  be  held  at  the  Auditorium  Hotel, 
Chicago,  Friday  afternoon,  Nov.  28. 

Following  are  the  topics  to  be  considered: 

i.  Live  English  teaching  and  a  live  library 
Professor  J.  W.  Searson,  Kansas  State  Agri- 
cultural College,  Manhattan,  Kansas.  2.  The 
training  of  teachers  in  knowledge  and  use  of 
books  and  libraries  Miss  Irene  Warren,  libra- 
rian of  School  of  Education,  University  of 
Chicago.  3.  Essentials  in  the  correlation  of 
library  and  student:  (a.)  The  school  library, 
Miss  Martha  Wilson,  State  Supervisor  of 
school  libraries,  St.  Paul,  Minnesota;  (b.) 
The  high  school  library,  Miss  Florence  Hop- 
kins, librarian,  Central  High  School,  Detroit; 
(c.)  The  college  library,  Mr.  L.  L.  Dickerson, 
librarian,  Grinnell  College,  Grinnell,  Iowa; 
(d.)  The  university  library,  by  a  university 
librarian.  Each  topic  is  to  be  discussed  by 
both  teachers  and  librarians. 

All  librarians  and  teachers  are  cordially  in- 
Yited. 


LIBRARY  COURSES  IN  MOSCOW 
A^SYLLABUS  of  lectures  on  library  science  to 
be  given  in  the  "Moscow  City  Free  Shaniavsky 
University"  has  been  sent  me.  The  fact  that 
such  lectures  are  given  and  have  a  substantial 
following  is  of  no  small  interest  for  American 
librarians.  The  Shaniavsky  City  University  ap- 
pears to  be  a  combination  of  popular  evening 
lectures  "for  elementary  cultural  courses,"  de- 
signed to  make  an  appeal  to  a  wide  public 
after  the  familiar  fashion  of  our  people's  in- 
stitutes, and  an  "academic  department"  giving 
instruction  in  "social-philosophic"  subjects  and 
the  natural  sciences.  The  courses  offered  in 
this  department  include  such  topics  as  "social 
support  of  economic  enterprises,"  "coopera- 
tion," "local  self-government,"  pedagogics,  li- 
brary work,  courses  for  persons  expecting  to 
enter  the  service  of  "consumer's  societies."  Stu- 
dents must  be  16  years  of  age  and  have  com- 
pleted the  course  of  study  in  a  good  high  school. 
Academic  work  is  also  in  the  early  evening. 

The  library  courses  seem  very  thorough  on 
the  historical  and  bibliographic  side,  and  un- 
usually comprehensive  in  the  technical  depart- 
ments. There  are  several  lecturers.  The  sub- 
jects of  the  courses  are:  History  of  the  book, 
Prof.  R.  F.  Brandt;  Russian  literature  at  the 
end  of  the  xix  and  beginning  of  the  xx  cen- 
tury, A.  E.  Groosinsky ;  Literature  for  children, 

A.  M.  Kalmikoff;  Introduction  to  library  sci- 
ence,   History  of  libraries,   Classification,  The 
care  of  books,  Library  rules  and  the  use  of 
books,  L.  B.  Havkine;  Children's  libraries,  A. 
N.   Zelenko;   Arrangement  and   furnishing  of 
library  rooms,  A.  N.  Zelenko ;  The  librarian,  his 
problems,    duties    and    training,    L.    D.    Bron- 
hatoff;  Bookkeeping,  accessioning  and  inven- 
tory,  L.    D.   Bronhatoff ;    Introduction  to   bib- 
liography, A.  L.  Kalischewsky ;  Cataloging,  A. 
L.   Kalischewsky;    Practical  bibliography   and 
principles     of     selection,     Book-buying,     and 
booksellers   and    publishers    in   Russia,    S.    O. 
Seropolko;    Decimal    system    of   classification, 

B.  S.  Bodnarsky;  Library  statistics  and  rec- 
ords, Russian  library  laws,  A.  A.  Didrichsen. 

It  is  apparent  that  these  courses  consist 
some  of  single  lectures  and  others  of  several 
sessions.  The  detailed  outline  shows  a  high 
standard  and  a  thoroughness  of  treatment 
which  are  most  commendable. 

From  a  study  of  the  syllabus  one  derives  the 
opinion  that  the  opportunity  thus  afforded  in 
Moscow  for  a  broad  view  of  libraries  and  li- 
brary work  is  most  unusual.  The  courses  are 
at  night,  they  are  free,  they  are  given  by  ex- 
perts. They  should  be  invaluable  to  young  li- 
brary assistants,  to  librarians  of  schools  and 
other  minor  collections,  to  students  in  univer- 
sities, and  to  persons  intending  to  take  up  li- 
brarianship  as  a  life-work.  It  is  improbable 
that  their  originators  would  have  any  one  be- 
lieve that  they  are  a  substitute  for  more  ex- 
tended and  thorough  professional  training;. 

Why  do  not  more  American  libraries  and  col- 
leges offer  such  a  survey  of  library  history  and 
organization?  W.  W.  B. 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


623 


NEW    YORK    LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION, 
ANNUAL  MEETING,  HOTEL  SAGA- 
MORE,   LAKE   GEORGE,    N.    Y. 
SEPTEMBER  22-27,  1913 

THE  23d  annual  meeting  of  the  New  York 
Library  Association  was  held  at  Hotel  Saga- 
more, Lake  George,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  22-27,  I9I3- 
The  attendance  register  showed  a  total  of  114. 
There  were  45  new  members  enrolled.  The 
number  of  libraries  represented  was  41 ;  those 
outside  the  state  totaled  10,  including  Baroda 
(India),  Canada,  Massachusetts,  Connecticut, 
New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Georgia,  Illinois 
and  Michigan. 

MONDAY  EVENING 

On  Monday  evening  the  first  session  opened 
with  the  president,  Miss  Theresa  Hitchler,  in 
the  chair.  Dr.  John  H.  Finley,  the  new  State 
Commissioner  of  Education,  was  to  have  de- 
livered an  address,  but  the  Board  of  Concilia- 
tion and  Arbitration  in  the  case  of  the  trains- 
men's  dispute,  of  which  he  was  a  member,  was 
holding  sessions — one  daily  and  one  nightly  in 
New  York — so  it  was  quite  impossible  for  Dr. 
Finley  to  be  at  Lake  George. 

Mr.  Richard  Rogers  Bowker,  editor  of  the 
LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  spoke  of  the  sympathetic  in- 
terest in  libraries  which  he  knew  to  be  Dr. 
Finley's,  and  said  he  believed  we  might  look 
forward  hopefully  to  the  probable  relations  of 
the  commissioner  with  our  profession.  Then 
Mr.  Bowker  gave  in  a  reminiscent  manner 
what  he  chose  to  call  "the  great-grandfatherly 
tales"  of  the  library  world,  or  "a  part  of  the 
house  that  Jack  built." 

Following  the  meeting  an  informal  reception 
was  held. 

TUESDAY  MORNING 

Tuesday  morning's  session  brought  a  second 
disappointment.  Owing  to  a  serious  illness 
Miss  Hitchler  was  unable  to  prepare  her  presi- 
dent's address. 

The  treasurer's  report  was  read,  showing  a 
balance  of  $172.44.  Recalling  that  last  year 
the  International  Hotel  appropriated  $100  for 
the  privilege  of  entertaining  the  New  York 
Library  Association,  we  will  realize  that  this 
year's  balance  is  therefore  really  larger  than 
last  year's,  $236.39,  because  the  Hotel  Sagamore 
showed  its  generosity  in  ways  other  than  in 
offering  money. 

The  secretary  reported  four  meetings  of  the 
executive  board  during  the  year  to  carry  on 
the  necessary  business.  Unfortunately  much 
had  to  be  done  by  correspondence  and  proxy 
because  of  inability  of  members  to  attend 
meetings.  The  duties  of  the  secretary  have 
been  appreciably  lightened  and  duplication  of 
work  avoided  by  making  her  a  member  of  the 
publicity  committee. 

The  report  of  the  publicity  committee  was 
read  for  Miss  Emma  V.  Baldwin,  chairman, 
who  was  unable  to  be  present.  In  the  spring 
the  committee  sent  notices  of  the  institutes  to 
be  held  throughout  the  state,  and  in  September 
advance  notices  of  the  Lake  George  meeting. 


Mr.  William  R.  Eastman,  Legislation  com- 
mittee, next  read  his  report  for  the  year  of 
laws  favorable  and  unfavorable  to  library  pro- 
gress in  New  York  state  as  well  as  in  28  other 
states.  Summing  up  he  says:  "There  are  few 
states  now  which  have  no  library  commission, 
and  these,  one  by  one,  are  coming  into  line. . . . 
The  appropriations  on  the  whole  are  larger 
and  the  limit  of  the  tax  rate,  wherever  there 
is  any  such  limit,  is  in  general  becoming  more 
ample.  The  obligation  of  the  community  to 
furnish  and  sustain  the  free  library,  as  it  main- 
tains the  free  school,  is  more  fully  recognized 
tharriever.  Increase  is  the  rule  and  every  back- 
ward step  is  an  exception."  This  being  true 
makes  the  cut  of  $10,000  in  the  appropriation 
for  the  ensuing  year  in  New  York  state  seem 
most  serious  and  disappointing.  It  is  to  be 
sincerely  hoped  that  some  change  for  the  bet- 
ter may  be  effected.  A  proposed  resolution 
incorporated  in  Mr.  Eastman's  report  was 
referred  to  the  Committee  on  resolutions. 

It  was  moved  and  seconded  that  the  report 
be  accepted.  The  president  appointed  the  three 
committees  following,  to  report  at  the  Satur- 
day business  meeting: 

Resolutions:  Mr.  E.  H.  Anderson,  chairman ; 
Mr.  William  R.  Watson,  Mrs.  Kate  Deane 
Andrew. 

Audit :  Mr.  Walter  L.  Brown,  chairman ;  Dr. 
Frederick  W.  Kilbourne,  Mr.  H.  O.  Wellman. 

Nominations:  Mr.  William  R.  Watson,  chair- 
man ;  Miss  A.  C.  Moore,  Mr.  William  F.  Yust. 

Before  closing  the  session  Miss  Hitchler  an- 
nounced as  a  surprise  that  Mr.  Alfred  H. 
Brown,  a  guest  of  the  association,  would  speak 
on  "Woman  suffrage."  Mr.  Brown  had  been 
lecturing  throughout  the  state  as  the  first  offi- 
cial representative  of  the  Men's  League  for 
Equal  Suffrage. 

TUESDAY  EVENING 

Tuesday  evening  dinner  was  chosen  as  the 
occasion  for  reunions  of  all  library  schools  or 
libraries.  Mr.  Krumbholz,  the  hotel  host,  dec- 
orated the  dining  room  most  attractively  and 
surprised  us  all  with  souvenirs  which  pur- 
ported to  be  books,  but  which  actually  were 
receptacles  for  sweets. 

Owing  to  Miss  Webster's  illness  the  pro- 
gram for  this  evening  could  not  be  carried  out. 
The  report  of  the  Rural  communities  commit- 
tee was  read  by  Miss  N.  Louise  Ruckteshler  in 
the  absence  of  Miss  Peck,  the  chairman.  The 
work  of  the  committee  this  year  followed  the 
recommendation  made  last  year  by  the  com- 
mittee, "That  the  libraries  work  with  the  dis- 
trict superintendents  of  the  state,  and  through 
them  get  in  closer  touch  with  the  people  of  the 
rural  communities."  A  questionnaire  was  sent 
out  to  207  district  superintendents,  112  of 
whom  replied.  In  discussing  the  report,  Dr. 
Sherman  Williams,  of  Albany,  said  that  100 
schools  out  of  10,000  were  not  yet  supplied 
with  books,  and  that  the  average  school  libra- 
ries contained  160  volumes.  He  believes  that 


624 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


informational  reading  is  not  the  great  function 
of  a  high  school  library,  but  that  forming  the 
reading  habit  is — that  there  has  been  too  much 
direction  and  not  enough  suggestion  backed  by 
intelligence  and  genuine  interest  in  books.  The 
report  was  accepted. 

Dr.  Frederick  W.  Kilbourne,  editor  of  pub- 
lications, Brooklyn  Public  Library,  gave  a  val- 
uable paper  on  "Dictionaries  of  yesterday  and 
to-day."  His  treatment  of  the  subject  was  con- 
fined to  a  "brief  account  of  some  of  the  earlier 
types  of  English  dictionaries,  noting  the  dif- 
ferent conceptions  of  the  scope  and  function 
of  the  dictionary  which  have  obtained  at  dif- 
ferent times,  also  the  development  of  the  mod- 
ern dictionary.  He  spoke  especially  of  three 
American  dictionaries — Webster's ;  Century 
Dictionary  and  Encyclopedia  and  the 
Standard.  The  latest  stage  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  dictionary  proper  is  the  monu- 
mental work,  the  Oxford  English  Dictionary, 
edited  by  Sir  James  Murray.  It  is  completed 
now  to  S. 

Mr.  Bowker  added  an  interesting  personal 
note  by  telling  of  his  acquaintance  with  Sir 
James  Murray,  as  well  as  of  a  visit  to  the 
"Methody  Chapel"  or  "Iron  House,"  where  are 
stored  in  pigeonholes  more  than  5,000,000 
quotations  gathered  for  the  work  by  students 
all  over  the  world. 

WEDNESDAY    MORNING 

"What  the  community  is  asking  of  the  de- 
partment of  children's  work  in  the  public  li- 
brary" was  the  title  of  a  stimulating  paper  by 
Miss  Annie  Carroll  Moore,  supervisor  of  work 
with  children,  New  York  Public  Library.  She 
illustrated  the  subject  with  striking  examples — 
actual  experiences — of  the  varied  and  far- 
reaching  demands  made  by  both  juvenile  and 
adult  users  of  a  library. 

Miss  Marian  Cutter,  children's  librarian, 
Saratoga  branch,  Brooklyn  Public  Library, 
gave  a  pleasing  address,  "What  I  would  dp  in 
starting  or  developing  a  children's  room  in  a 
town  or  country  library."  The  points  she  con- 
sidered chiefly  were :  first,  the  best  books ;  sec- 
ond, the  best  possible  way  of  presenting  them 
to  the  children;  and  third,  some  ways  of  de- 
veloping a  greater  use  of  the  library. 

Miss  Caroline  M.  Hewins,  of  Hartford, 
Conn.,  completed  the  program  in  every  sense 
of  the  word.  She  gave  a  most  inspiriting  and 
delightful  talk  on  "What  I  have  done  in  start- 
ing and  developing  work  with  children  in  the 
small  country,  town  or  city  library." 

Following  the  adjournment  of  the  meeting 
about  forty  children's  librarians  and  those  in- 
terested in  work  with  children,  with  Miss 
Hewins  as  guest  of  honor,  had  luncheon  to- 
gether. It  made  a  pleasant  opportunity  for 
informal  visiting  and  discussion. 

WEDNESDAY    EVENING 

Mr.  Alfred  W.  Abrams,  chief  of  the  Division 
of  visual  instruction,  New  York  State  Educa- 


tion Department,  spoke  briefly  on  visual  in- 
struction. He  described  the  equipment  of  the 
division,  and  outlined  the  methods  by  which 
they  make  their  materials  available  to  people 
throughout  the  state.  He  also  made  a  plea 
for  larger  use  of  their  means. 

Mr.  Borden  then  told  of  his  three  years'  or- 
ganizing work  in  India.  His  paper  will  appear 
later  in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 

Mr.  W.  A.  Borden  and  Mrs.  Borden  ap- 
peared in  native  Indian  costumes  surrounded 
by  Indian  decorations,  pictures  and  mementoes. 
Mrs.  Borden  then  gave  an  animated  account 
of  her  impressions  of  life  in  India,  bringing 
out  many  interesting  contrasts  and  illustrating 
with  pictures,  textiles,  brasses,  etc. 

A  vote  of  thanks  was  offered  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Borden  and  the  following  resolution 
adopted  :  "That  there  be  conveyed  to  His  High- 
ness the  Maharaja  of  Baroda  the  high  appre- 
ciation and  cordial  congratulations  of  this  as- 
sociation on  his  successful  inauguration  of  the 
pioneer  movement  among  the  native  states  of 
India  of  a  free  public  library  system  for  the 
benefit  of  the.  Indian  people." 

THURSDAY    MORNING 

Miss  Mary  L.  Davis,  librarian,  Public  Li- 
brary, Troy,  N.  Y.,  read  a  paper  on  "The  in- 
complete librarian,"  which  was  intended  to 
apply  particularly  to  the  smallest  libraries,  but 
it  made  some  realize  that  many  of  the  same 
problems  confront  large  and  small.  Adver- 
tising the  library  and  learning  to  know  the 
peoples  of  the  community  Miss  Davis  consid- 
ered more  important  than  an  "elaborate  bib- 
liographical menu." 

"In  the  morning  glow"  was  the  title  chosen 
by  Mr.  William  F.  Yust,  librarian,  Public  Li- 
brary, Rochester,  N.  Y.  Under  this  caption  he 
narrated  some  events  of  the  first  year's  history 
of  the  Rochester  Public  Library  and  described 
the  possibilities  there  in  enthusiastic  terms. 

The  report  of  the  Committee  on  schools, 
Miss  Mary  W.  Plummer,  chairman,  was  read 
by  Miss  Ernestine  Rose,  of  the.  New  York 
Public  Library  School.  Miss  Plummer  asked 
to  be  relieved  of  the  chairmanship  of  the  com- 
mittee. 

In  the  absence  of  any  member  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  libraries  in  charitable  and  penal  in- 
stitutions, the  report  was  read  by  Mr.  H.  O. 
Wellman,  of  the  New  York  Public  Library.  It 
was  resolved  at  the  1912  meeting  "that  the 
Committee  on  libraries  in  charitable,  reform- 
atory and  penal  institutions  of  the  New  York 
Library  Association  be  directed  to  confer  with 
the  proper  state  authorities,  having  supervision 
of  libraries  in  charitable  and  correctional  in- 
stitutions, with  a  view  to  offering  the  assist- 
ance of  the  New  York  Library  Association  in 
the  improvement  of  institutional  libraries."  The 
committee  has  been  greatly  handicapped  this 
year  in  accomplishing  the  work  outlined  above, 
because  the  entire  personnel  of  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  penal  institution  management  has 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


625 


been  changed  and  is  still  in  a  transitional  state. 
As  a  result  of  a  recent  conference  with  Mr. 
Thomas  M.  Osborne,  chairman  of  the  New 
York  State  Prison  Reform  Commission,  the 
committee  "recommends  that  the  question  of 
definite  propositions  to  be  submitted  to  the 
Prison  Reform  Commission,  looking  toward 
the  appointment  of  a  library  inspector  to  super- 
vise the  prison  and  reformatory  libraries  of  the 
state,  etc.,  be  referred  to  the  Executive  Board 
and  the  Committee  on  charitable  and  penal  in- 
stitutions, with  power."  A  letter  from  Miss 
Clarke,  of  Auburn,  a  member  of  the  committee, 
was  read.  She  told  more  specifically  of  the 
readiness  of  Mr.  Osborne  to  further  the  rec- 
ommendations of  the  New  York  Library  Asso- 
ciation committee,  especially  if  they  should  rec- 
ommend that  an  inspector  be  appointed,  and 
urged  that  we  so  do.  Discussion  followed, 
Mr.  Anderson  saying:  "It  is  evident  from  the 
report  and  the  letter  from  Miss  Clarke  that  this 
is  the  psychological  moment  for  this  associa- 
tion to  get  behind  the  improvement  of  the  con- 
ditions in  the  prison  and  reformatory  libraries 
of  the  state.  .  .  ."  After  further  discussion  the 
committee's  report  with  its  recommendation 
was  accepted  and  the  following  resolution  of- 
fered by  Mr.  Anderson  was  adopted : 

"Resolved,  That  this  association  recommend 
to  the  New  York  State  Prison  Reform  Com- 
mission the  appointment  of  a  library  inspector 
for  the  prison  and  reformatory  libraries  of  the 
state." 

Mr.  F.  K.  Walter,  of  State  Education  De- 
partment, Albany,  read  the  report  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  institutes  in  the  absence  of  Mr.  Wyn- 
koop,  the  chairman.  There  were  outlined  in 
detail  several  modifications  of  the  plans  of  ac- 
tion of  the  previous  year,  and  the  report  states 
"that  these  plans  were  carried  through  during 
the  months  of  May  and  June  with  a  degree  of 
success  beyond  the  best  hopes  of  the  commit- 
tee. .  .  .  The  total  attendance  this  year,  in  the 
number  of  libraries  or  communities  repre- 
sented and  in  the  number  of  persons  participat- 
ing, exceeded  that  of  any  previous  year.  The 
gain  is  all  the  more  significant,  as  it  follows 
an  extraordinary  gain  of  the  preceding  year. 
There  were  represented  this  year  423  institu- 
tions, or  places,  compared  with  401  last  year 
and  302  the  year  before.  ...  To  bring  these 
matters  before  the  association  for  a  definite  ex- 
pression of  opinion  the  committee  recom- 
mended : 

d)  That  the  Executive  Committee  be  instructed  or 
advised  to  set  apart  at  least  $200  for  the  expenses  of 
the  Institute  Committee  next  year. 

(2)  That  the  Education  Department  of  the  state  be 
requested  to  consider  carefully  the   advisability  of  al- 
lowing  part    of   the    public    library    money   allotted    to 
libraries   to   be   used    in    paying   the    expenses    of   the 
librarian    necessitated    in    attending    the    local    library 
institute. 

(3)  That  the  Association  approve  the  proposal  of  the 
committee    outlined    in    the    above    report,    to   put   into 
effect  a  plan   for  a  course  of  institutes  to  cover  four 
or   five    years,    the    work    of   each    year    to   be    closely 
related    to   that  immediately   preceding  and  to   follow, 
tlie  whole  to  include  in  a  rudimentary  way  the  whole 
problem   of  the   small  library. 


(4)  That  in  the  furtherance  of  this  plan  the  Insti- 
tute Committee  be  made  hereafter  a  permanent  stand- 
ing committee  of  five  members,  to  serve  respectively 
one,  two,  three,  four  and  five  years,  one  vacancy  only 
to  be  filled  each  year  by  the  Executive  Committee; 
that  if  necessary  steps  be  taken  to  change  the  consti- 
tution to  provide  for  such  a  committee.* 

Discussion  followed,  in  which  Mr.  Seward, 
of  Binghamton,  Mr.  Walter,  and  the  president 
took  part.  The  report  was  accepted  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  recommendations  postponed. 

Prof.  Charles  Henry  Keyes,  president  of 
Skidmore  School  of  Arts,  Saratoga,  N.  Y., 
presented  a  cordial  invitation  to  the  associa- 
tion to  hold  its  next  meeting  in  Saratoga.  The 
meeting  then  adjourned. 

THURSDAY   EVENING 

In  opening  the  evening  session,  Miss  Hitch- 
ler  asked  Mr.  Paine,  the  treasurer,  to  read  a 
letter  from  Mr.  Utley  relative  to  affiliation 
with  the  American  Library  Association  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  amendments  passed  at  the 
Kaaterskill  Conference.  After  discussion  Mr. 
Bowker  moved  "That  the  association  accept 
the  invitation  of  the  American  Library  Asso- 
ciation to  become  represented  on  its  Council. 
That  the  present  president  should  be  elected,  or 
the  coming  vice-president  as  alternate."  The 
motion  was  carried.  Mr.  Bowker  further 
moved  that  Miss  Hume  be  elected  as  alternate. 
This  was  carried. 

Miss  Caroline  F.  Webster,  state  organizer, 
State  Library,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  next  gave  enter- 
taining glimpses  of  "Certain  phases  of  field 
work  in  New  York  state." 

Mr.  Alfred  H.  Brown,  of  Brooklyn,  pre- 
sented the  address  of  the  evening,  a  lecture 
entitled  "The  reading  public  and  dramatic  art." 
FRIDAY 

Every  afternoon  during  the  week  the  Hos- 
pitality committee  had  served  tea.  Mrs.  An- 
derson, Mrs.  Bowker  and  Mrs.  Borden  acted 
as  special  hostesses  on  the  different  afternoons. 
Thursday  afternoon,  through  the  generosity  of 
Mr.  W.  K.  Bixby,  of  Bolton,  all  members  of 
the  association  who  wished  had  the  rare  pleas- 
ure of  a  ride  in  Mr.  Bixby's  launch  through 
Paradise  Bay  and  past  many  of  the  most  pic- 
turesque scenes  of  Lake  George.  The  special 
expedition  planned  by  the  Hospitality  commit- 
tee was  a  trip  to  Fort  Ticonderoga,  which  was 
thoroughly  enjoyed  by  all  who  went. 

FRIDAY    EVENING 

The  freedom  of  such  a  day  in  such  surround- 
ings could  not  fail  to  put  all  in  complete  har- 
mony with  the  first  topic  of  the  evening,  "Ex- 
position of  heresies."  It  was  a  keen  disap- 
pointment that  Dr.  Bostwick's  coming  for  the 
whole  conference  was  prevented  by  the  illness 
of  his  son,  but  he  sent  his  paper,  which  was 
read  by  Miss  Hitchler.  The  especial  heresy 
he  exposed  to  view  was  "the  experimental 

*  All  the  material  of  this  report,  together  with  a 
complete  register  of  library  attendance,  and  tables 
showing  date,  place,  attendance  and  conductors  of 
each  institute,  is  printed  in  the  August  number  of 
New  York  Libraries. 


- 


626 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


method  in  library  work.  For — and  here  is  the 
beautiful  thing  about  an  experiment — you  al- 
ways get  your  information,  although  it  may  be 
neither  welcome  nor  satisfactory.  In  library 
work,  as  elsewhere,  all  is  in  a  state  of  flux. 
We  must  look  alive  or  we  shall  not  keep  up 
with  the  changing  environment — and  if  we  do 
not  keep  up  it  will  be  the  worse  for  our  libra- 
ries, for  the  communities  they  serve  and  for 
us  personally." 

Miss  Adelaide  R.  Hasse,  chief  of  Documents 
division,  New  York  Public  Library,  delivered 
a  most  thoughtful,  admirably  developed  paper, 
entitled  "A  tree  that  bore  not  any  fruit.  Who 
ever  threw  a  stone  at  it?" 

The  heresy,  supposedly,  is  her  advocacy  of 
"socialized  bibliography." 

And  since  to  Miss  Sarah  B.  Askew,  organ- 
izer, New  Jersey  State  Library  Commission, 
was  given  the  humorous  exposition  of  heresies, 
attempt  to  reproduce  were  vain.  She  said  the 
last  word  on  heresies — at  least  for  the  Lake 
George  meeting. 

The  friendly  relations  existing  between 
members  of  the  library  profession  and  the 
publishers  were  shown  by  the  presence  of  Mr. 
Frank  N.  Doubleday,  of  Doubleday,  Page  & 
Co.,  Garden  City,  Long  Island.  He  spoke  with 
delightful  informality  of  some  of  the  prob- 
lems confronting  publishers. 

SATURDAY    MORNING 

On  Saturday  morning  the  session  opened 
with  a  report  from  Mr.  Watson  on  the  Com- 
mittee on  resolutions,  extending  thanks  to 
those  who  helped  make  the  meeting  pleasur- 
able and  successful. 

The  treasurer  reported  the  sum  of  $172.44 
on  hand. 

Following  are  the  names  of  the  honorary 
members:  Dr.  Herbert  Putnam,  librarian  of 
Congress;  Janardan  S.  Kudalkar,  M.A.,  LL.B., 
Baroda,  India;  His  Highness  the  Maharaja, 
Sayaji  Rao  Gaikwar,  of  Baroda,  India;  Dr. 
Melvil  Dewey,  Dr.  Arthur  E.  Bostwick. 

The  election  of  officers  was  as  follows :  pres- 
ident, J.  I.  Wyer,  librarian  State  Library,  Al- 
bany, N.  Y. ;  vice-president,  Miss  Jessie  F. 
Hume,  librarian  iQueensborough  Library,  New 
York  City ;  secretary,  Miss  Harriet  E.  Peck, 
Rensselaer  Polytechnic,  Troy,  N.  Y. ;  treas- 
urer, Mr.  W.  B.  Gamble,  chief  of  Technology 
division,  New  York  Public  Library,  N.  Y. 
City. 

After  a  few  words  from  Janardan  S.  Kud- 
alkar, of  Baroda,  India,  the  meeting  adjourned. 

M.  OTLET  VISITING  US 

M.  PAUL  QTLET,  secretary-general  of  the 
Institut  de  Bibliographic  et  Documentation, 
Brussels,  arrived  in  this  country  Oct.  27  for  a 
journey  of  several  weeks  among  American  li- 
braries, and  in  relation  to  his  connection  with 
various  international  movements  in  the  interest 
of  world-wide  unity.  His  itinerary  will  cover 
most  of  the  important  cities  as  far  west  as 
Chicago,  and  he  desires,  first  to  make  a  study 


at  first  hand  of  the  organization  of  American 
museums,  libraries,  universities,  institutions  for 
research  work  and  information  centers,  as  aid 
in  the  preparation  of  a  book  on  the  subject. 
His  second  purpose  is  to  exhibit  the  work  ac- 
complished at  Brussels  by  the  cooperation  of 
some  hundred  and  seventy  organizations  from 
various  parts  of  the  world,  a  score  of  govern- 
ments, and  the  Carnegie  Endowment  for  Inter- 
national Peace,  in  making  the  Union  des  Asso- 
ciations Internationales  an  international  center, 
already  including  the  Musee  International,  the 
Bibliotheque  Encyclopedique  Internationale, 
the  Repertoire  Bibliographique  Universel,  and 
to  be  completed  by  the  Universite  Interna- 
tionale. And,  lastly,  M.  Otlet  is  anxious  to 
enlarge  the  co-operation  already  shown  by 
Americans  towards  this  international  center, 
to  obtain  a  large  representation  from  the 
United  States  in  its  different  branches,  and  to 
establish  an  American  branch  on  the  order  of 
others  already  existent. 

TESTIMONIAL  TO  DIRECTOR  BORDEN 
AT  BARODA 

THE  following  characteristic  testimonial  was 
presented  to  Mr.  W.  A.  Borden  on  his  retire- 
ment from  the  post  of  director  of  the  Baroda 
State  Libraries,  and  tells  its  own  story  as  to 
his  relations  there: 

W.  A.  Borden,  Esq., 

Director   of    State   Libraries,    Baroda. 

DEAR  SIR:  We,  the  members  of  the  Central 
Library  Department  of  Baroda,  beg  permis- 
sion to  express  our  mingled  sentiments  of  sor- 
row and  pleasure  on  the  eve  of  your  depart- 
ure from  among  us — sentiments  of  sorrow  be- 
cause we  shall  be  deprived  of  the  company  of 
one  whose  presence  was  an  everliving  source 
of  inspiration  and  pleasure,  but  at  the  same 
time  sentiments  of  pleasure  at  the  thought 
that,  after  a  three  years'  stay  in  the  trying 
climate  of  India,  you  will  be  returning  to 
your  own  country  and  to  the  fireside  of  your 
own  home,  to  share  the  joys  and  pleasures  of 
your  family  circle. 

With  your  coming  to  Baroda,  this  Library 
Department  came  into  existence,  and  owing  to 
your  untiring  zeal  and  unceasing  care,  en- 
couraged as  you  were  all  the  time  by  His 
Highness  the  Maharaja  Sahel,  it  'has  contin- 
ued to  grow  and  develop  and  to  extend  its  in- 
fluence and  the  scope  of  its  usefulness  through- 
out the  length  and  breadth  of  this  model  state. 

The  rapidity  with  which  library  institutions 
have  risen  and  are  rising  everywhere  in  the 
state  has  not  only  exploded  the  superstition 
that  the  library  movement  at  this  stage  of  our 
development  is  a  luxury,  but  has  proved  to  the 
hilt  that  this  movement  is  essentially  necessary 
for  the  uplifting  of  the  masses  and  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  nation. 

The  450  library  institutions  that  dot  the  state 
everywhere,  and  the  more  that  will  do  so 
hereafter,  will  not  only  be  the  centers  of  light 
and  learning,  but  will  remain  the  standing 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


627 


monuments  to  the  noble  foresight  of  the  ruler 
of  Baroda,  and  to  the  creative  genius  of  their 
first  director.  To  you,  sir,  as  the  first  direc- 
tor of  the  State  Libraries  of  Baroda,  rightly 
belongs  all  the  credit  of  popularizing  this 
movement,  and  the  memory  of  this  noble  work 
will  not  only  be  an  object  of  eternal  pride  to 
you  wherever  you  are,  but  will  be  a  constant 
source  of  inspiration  to  us,  to  whom  you  are 
entrusting  this  work  now. 

Your  presence  among  us  is  an  acknowledg- 
ment of  the  fact  that  the  work  of  library  ad- 
ministration is  a  regular  science,  requires  a  sys- 
tematic training  and  is  an  honorable  profession. 
Just  as  your  royal  master  is  the  pioneer  of 
the  modern  public  library  movement  in  India, 
so  you  have  the  credit  of  being  the  first  to  in- 
troduce scientific  library  training  in  this  land. 
The  creation  of  this  department  has  not 
only  brought  credit  and  universal  praise  and 
admiration  to  you,  but  it  has  also  added  to  the 
glory  of  this  state.  Your  presence  here  has 
been  instrumental  in  ushering  into  existence 
two  such  excellent  activities  as  the  Baroda  Li- 
brary Oub  and  the  Library  Miscellany,  which 
both  have  the  common  aim  of  furthering  the 
cause  of  the  public  library  movement  in  this 
country. 

By  your  sweet,  genial  and  imperturbable  na- 
ture you  have  won  the  hearts  of  all  that  came 
into  contact  with  you. 

Anger  never  affected  the  serenity,  nor  did 
the  sense  of  authority  disturb  the  equanimity 
of  your  temper. 

You  treated  all  equally,  irrespective  of  their 
rank  or  scholarship.  You  always  encouraged 
the  deserving  and  sympathized  with  the  fail- 
ings of  the  weak.  It  is  this  side  of  your  na- 
ture that  has  appealed  to  us  most  and  has 
evoked  our  utmost  admiration. 

In  conclusion,  we  hope  that  though  in  body 
you  will  be  across  the  seven  seas,  yet  in  spirit, 
in  the  communion  of  souls,  you  will  be  with  us 
all  the  time,  inspiring  and  encouraging  us  by 
the  memory  of  your  excellent  work. 

We  wish  you,  and  all  the  members  of  your 
family,  peace,  prosperity  and  long  life.  In  the 
words  of  the  immortal  bard  allow  us  to  say, 

"Fare  thee  well ; 

The  elements  be  kind  to  thee  and  make 
Thy  spirits  all  of  comfort !" 
We   wish   to   remain,    dear    sir,    your   most 
humble  servants. 

MRS.  LILLY  T,OBO, 
MRS.  ANANDTBAT  PRABHUDESAI, 
Miss  LILAVATI  PETERS, 
N.  C.  DIVANJI, 
N.  K.  SHAH, 
H.  V.  MEHTA, 
K.  M.  PAGEDAR, 
J.  S.  KUDALKAR.  M.A..  LL.B., 
M.  N.  AMIN,  B.A., 
C.  D.  DELAL,  M.A., 
B.  M.  DADACHANJI,  B.A.. 
V.  R.  THAKAR,  B.A.,  Ll.B., 
V.  N.  LIMAYE,  B.  A., 
B.  H.  MEHTA, 
and  others. 
Central  Library,  Baroda,  May  29,  1913. 


BOOK  IMPORTATIONS  FOR  INSTITU- 
TIONS MADE  MORE  EASY 
BY  a  ruling   of  the   Treasury  Department, 
put  into  practice  some  months  ago,  but  pub- 
lished only  last  month,  the  free  entry  of  books 
by  mail  for  institutions  is  facilitated.    The  rul- 
ing is  embodied  in  the  following  letter : 

TREASURY  DEPARTMENT,   Oct.   3,   19 1 3- 
To  the  collectors  and  other  officers  of  the  customs: 

In  cases  where  institutions  file  copies  of 
their  charters  or  articles  of  association  show- 
ing that  they  are  entitled  to  import  books  free 
of  duty  under  the  provisions  of  paragraph  519 
of  the  tariff  act,  the  names  of  the  institutions 
may  be  placed  upon  a  "free  list,"  kept  by  col- 
lectors for  that  purpose.  Upon  importation  of 
books  and  other  articles  mentioned  in  para- 
graph 519,  such  articles  may  be  passed  free  of 
duty,  without  requiring  an  affidavit  to  be  filed 
with  each  importation.  This  privilege  is  re- 
stricted to  small  importations  by  mail,  ad- 
dressed directly  to  the  institution  for  which  in- 
tended, and  cannot  be  extended  to  importa- 
tions arriving  by  freight  or  express  or  to  im- 
portations ordered  through  dealers  or  agents. 
CHARLES  S.  HAMLIN,  Assistant  Secretary. 


ASSOCIATION  OF  EASTERN  COLLEGE 
LIBRARIANS 

THE  annual  meeting  of  the  Association  of 
Eastern  College  Librarians  will  be  held  at 
Columbia  University,  on  Saturday,  Nov.  29. 
The  principal  subjects  for  consideration  are 
The  University  Library  Budget  and  New 
University  Library  Buildings.  Discussion  of 
the  former  subject  will  be  opened  by  Dr.  J.  C. 
Schwab,  Librarian  of  Yale  University.  The 
latter  subject  will  be  presented  by  Mr.  W.  C. 
Lane,  Librarian  of  Harvard  College;  and 
Mr.  M.  L.  Raney,  Librarian  of  Johns  Hopkins 
University.  Among  other  topics  for  consider- 
ation, are  the  cataloging  of  University  dis- 
sertations, discussion  of  which  will  be  opened 
by  Mr.  T.  F.  Currier,  of  Harvard  University; 
the  relation  between  student  self-government 
and  reading-room  administration  and  student 
assistants. 

State  Xffcran?  associations 

NEW  JERSEY  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  New  Jersey  Li- 
brary Association  will  be  held  at  the  Hotel 
Chelsea,  Atlantic  City,  March  6  and  7,  1914. 
The  session  to  be  held  on  the  afternoon  of 
March  6  will  consist  of  a  business  meeting  and 
a  program  planned  especially  to  meet  the  needs 
of  New  Jersey  librarians,  although  anyone 
outside  of  the  state  who  wishes  to  attend  will 
be  cordially  welcomed.  The  business  meeting 
will  be  short.  The  first  speaker  on  the  pro- 
gram will  give  a  talk  of  about  thirty  minutes' 
length,  outlining  the  possibilities  of  library 
work  and  giving  suggestions  as  to  how  these 
possibilities  can  be,  in  a  measure,  attained. 
This  will  be  followed  by  five-minute  talks  by 
librarians,  telling  of  new  fields  of  work  under- 
taken, and  the  means  used  for  the  accom- 
plishment of  the  task. 


628 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


It  has  been  found  that  many  librarians  at- 
tend this  conference  with  definite  questions  as 
to  different  phases  of  library  technique  and 
administration  which  they  wish  answered.  To 
meet  this  need  the  Executive  Board  has 
planned  to  have  authorities  in  different  lines 
of  library  work  consent  to  answer  such  ques- 
tions and  to  name  a  definite  time  when  they 
will  be  at  the  disposal  of  those  having  prob- 
lems to  be  solved. 

The  bi-state  conference  affords  an  unusual 
opportunity  for  meeting  a  large  number  of 
people  who  are  accomplishing  much  in  library 
work.  The  advantage  of  this  is  great  to  the 
librarian  of  the  small  library.  The  sessions 
of  this  conference  are  always  inspiring,  and 
every  effort  is  being  made  to  have  it  one  of 
the  best  held  at  Atlantic  City. 

The  Hotel  Chelsea  will  make  the  usual  rates 
for  the  two  days  of  the  meeting,  and  the  Ex- 
ecutive Board  is  making  an  effort  to  secure 
more  reasonable  rates  from  smaller  hotels 
near  by.  A  committee  of  introduction  will  see 
that  every  one  is  welcomed  and  introduced,  so 
that  no  one  need  feel  diffident  if  compelled  to 
come  alone. 

NEBRASKA   LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION 

The  ipth  annual  meeting  of  the  Nebraska 
Library  Association  was  held  in  Omaha  at  the 
Public  Library,  Oct.  15-17,  1913.  In  the  ab- 
sence of  the  president,  Mr.  H.  C.  Lindsay,  the 
first  vice-president,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Smith,  oc- 
cupied the  chair.  Reports  of  the  libraries  of 
the  state  were  called  for,  and  representatives 
from  22  libraries  responded  with  short  talks  on 
their  progress  in  the  last  year. 

A  short  history  of  the  Legislative  Reference 
Bureau  was  given  by  Mr.  A.  E.  Sheldon,  the 
librarian.  He  also  explained  the  work  of  the 
bureau.  Miss  Mary  Hutchings  read  a  paper 
on  "Personal  relations  with  the  public."  At 
6 130  p.m.  the  librarians  assembled  at  the  Com- 
mercial Club  rooms,  where  they  were  the 
guests  of  the  club  at  a  banquet.  Toasts  were 
responded  to  in  the  form  of  a  Book  sym- 
posium. The  following  titles  were  used  as 
toasts :  "The  voice  of  the  people,"  "The  boss," 
"Looking  backward,"  "Pay  envelopes," 
"Opened  shutters." 

On  Oct.  16  the  forenoon  was  devoted  to 
round  table  meetings  held  in  the  reference 
room,  children's  room,  catalog  room,  and  cir- 
culation department  of  the  library.  Miss  Flor- 
ence Hayes  also  gave  an  exhibition  of  book 
mending. 

At  2  p.m.  the  meeting  was  called  to  order  by 
the  first  vice-president.  The  subject  on  the 
program  was  "The  stimulation  of  reading." 
Miss  Lorena  Wilson  and  Mrs.  Helen  Slusser 
gave  the  names  of  the  ten  most  popular  books 
in  their  libraries  and  why  they  were  so  pop- 
ular. Miss  Effie  Reed,  principal  of  the  Kellom 
School,  gave  an  informal  talk  on  the  reading 
of  the  children  in  her  school.  Miss  Jessie 
Towne,  of  the  Omaha  High  School,  read  a 
paper  on  the  reading  of  high  school  students, 


and  Professor  Buck,  of  the  University  of  Ne- 
braska, followed  with  a  paper  on  "The  reading 
of  college  students."  Thus  was  given  the  kind 
of  reading  which  is  done  from  the  primary 
grade  to  the  college. 

In  the  evening  at  8  o'clock  the  association 
was  entertained  by  Miss  Georgene  Faulkner, 
of  Chicago,  with  a  talk  on  "Story  telling  for 
children,"  accompanied  by  the  telling  of  two 
stories. 

The  meeting  on  Oct.  17  was  opened  at  9  a.m. 

The  nominating  committee  presented  its  re- 
port, and  the  officers  were  elected  unanimously 
in  acordance  with  its  recommendations:  presi- 
dent, Mrs.  Elizabeth  Smith,  Chadron;  first 
vice-president,  Miss  Nellie  Williams,  Geneva; 
second  vice-president,  Miss  Mary  Hutchings, 
Fall  City;  secretary-treasurer,  Miss  Josephine 
Lammers,  Lincoln. 

Dr.  O.  T.  Schultz,  bacteriologist  of  the  Med- 
ical School,  University  of  Nebraska,  gave  a 
most  interesting  talk  on  the  fumigation  of 
books.  Dr.  Schultz  advocated  the  use  of  for- 
maldehyde and  moisture  used  together  as  the 
best  means  of  disinfecting. 

A  very  practical  talk  on  "Interesting  the 
public"  was  given  by  Miss  Joanna  Hagey,  of 
Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa.  She  told  of  the  various 
ways  used  in  the  Cedar  Rapids  Public  Library 
to  secure  this  end.  Mr.  M.  A.  Hall,  in  his 
talk  on  "The  library  from  a  patron's  stand- 
point" said  that  to  him  it  meant  the  "librarian 
from  a  patron's  standpoint,"  and  gave  courtesy, 
geniality  and  sympathy  as  the  three  essentials 
for  a  successful  librarian  from  his,  a  patron's, 
standpoint. 

The  meeting  closed  with  a  paper  by  Miss 
Pauline  Oldham  on  "What  a  library  can  do 
for  a  rural  community." 

BLANCHE  HAMMOND,  Secretary-treasurer. 


Clubs 


NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  CLUB 
The  first  meeting  of  the  club  for  the  year 
1913-14  was  held  Oct.  9,  in  the  lecture  hall  of 
the  botanical  museum  at  the  New  York  Bo- 
tanical Garden.  The  meeting  was  called  to 
order  by  the  president,  Miss  Mary  W.  Plum- 
mer,  at  three  o'clock.  After  the  transaction  of 
the  regular  routine  business,  including  the  ac- 
ceptance of  the  minutes  of  the  May  meeting, 
as  printed  in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  for  June 
and  the  election  of  eleven  new  members,  Miss 
Plummer  called  attention  to  the  program  for 
the  year,  which  is  to  have  as  its  general  sub- 
ject a  study  of  different  aspects  of  "The  city" 
and  to  the  special  subject  of  the  October  meet- 
ing, "Education  outside  of  books."  The  presi- 
dent then  introduced  the  first  speaker  of  the 
afternoon,  Dr.  Nathaniel  L,  Britton,  director 
of  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden,  who  gave 
an  illustrated  talk  on  "Educational  activities 
of  the  Botanical  Garden." 

Dr.  Britton  said,  in  part,  that  the  educational 
and  scientific  work  of  the  'garden  is  accom- 
plished : 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


629 


1.  Through  its  collections  of  labeled  living 
plants  in  the  grounds  and  greenhouses,  some 
13,000   different  kinds  of  living  plants  being 
now  represented. 

2.  Through  the  labeled  specimens  of  plants, 
products,  photographs,  drawings,  paintings  and 
models  in  the  public  museums,  the  number  of 
such  labeled  specimens  being  now  over  12,000. 

3.  Through  the  herbarium,  which   contains 
about  1,500,000  prepared  and  labeled  specimens. 

4.  Through  the  library,  containing  over  24,- 
ooo  bound  volumes. 

5.  Through   the   laboratories,    available    for 
advanced  students,  equipped  for  botanical  in- 
vestigation in  a  wide  range  of  subjects. 

6.  By  free  illustrated  public  lectures  deliv- 
ered on  Saturday  afternoons  from  spring  until 
late  autumn. 

7.  By  lectures  and  demonstrations  in  botan- 
ical   nature-study    to    children    of   the    public 
schools,  accompanied  by  teachers;  the  attend- 
ance at  such  lectures  since  1905  has  been  over 
110,000. 

8.  By  docents,  who  guide  visitors  to  points 
of  special  interest  in  the  grounds  and  build- 
ings. 

9.  By   answering    inquiries   which   come   by 
mail   relative  to  a   great   range  of  botanical, 
horticultural  and  agricultural  subjects. 

t  10.  By  supplying  colleges  and  other  institu- 
tions with  plants  and  specimens  for  botanical 
study. 

11.  By  the  publication  of  both  popular  and 
technical  contributions  of  botanical  and  horti- 
cultural   knowledge.      These    publications    in- 
clude journal,  13  volumes ;  Bulletin,  7  volumes ; 
Memoirs,  4  volumes ;  Contributions,  5  volumes  ; 
North  American  Flora,  17  parts;  Mycologia, 
4  volumes. 

12.  By  exploration  expeditions  to  regions  lit- 
tle known  botanically.    Thus  far  over  100  such 
expeditions  have  been  equipped,  and  valuable 
and  unique  collections  have  been  brought  back 
for  the  greenhouses,  museums  and  herbarium 
from   Cuba,   Haiti,    Porto   Rico,   Jamaica,    St. 
Kitts,    Dominica,    Montserrat,    the    Bahamas, 
Bermuda,  Mexico,  Panama,  Costa  Rica,  Lower 
California,     South     Florida,     California,     the 
Rocky  Mountains  and  elsewhere. 

The  second  speaker  was  Dr.  .Raymond  L. 
Ditmars,  curator  of  the  Zoological  Park,  who 
gave  a  very  interesting  address  on  "The  Zoo- 
logical Society  and  its  park."  After  referring 
to  his  recollections  of  the  starting  of  the  park 
in  1809,  and  describing  its  great  growth  during 
the  fourteen  years  since,  Dr.  Ditmars  spoke 
of  the  place  which  the  park  holds  among  the 
great  zoological  collections  of  the  world,  say- 
ing that  from,  the  standpoint  of  number  of 
specimens  exhibited  it  leads  all  other  collec- 
tions, while  from  the  standpoint  of  area  and 
excellence  of  animal  buildings  it  is  in  a  class 
by  itself.  At  the  end  of  1912  a  census  of  the 
Zoological  Park  showed  4827  species  repre- 
sented. The  speaker  described  the  varied  ac- 
tivities of  the  Zoological  Society  and  the  many 
kinds  of  work  necessary  to  build  up  and  keep 


in  good  condition  such  a  great  collection  of 
animals,  and  then  gave  a  "stereopticon  trip" 
around  the  park,  showing  many  interesting 
slides. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  addresses  a  vote  of 
thanks  to  the  speakers  and  to  the  authorities 
of  the  Botanical  Gardens  was  passed,  and  the 
meeting  was  terminated  by  a  visit  to  the  li- 
brary and  conservatories  of  the  Botanical 
Garden. 

ETHEL  H.  BUDINGTON,  Secretary. 

CHICAGO   LIBRARY   CLUB 

The  fall  meeting  of  the  Chicago  Library 
Club  was  held  Thursday  evening,  Oct.  9,  at 
the  Chicago  Public  Library. 

The  club  had  the  pleasure  of  welcoming  its 
new  president,  Mr.  Charles  J.  Barr,  assistant 
librarian  of  the  John  Crerar  Library,  also  the 
twenty  new  members  of  the  club,  and  members 
of  the  Chicago  Woman's  Club. 

The  topic  for  the  evening  was  "Observations 
on  the  American  Library  Association,"  pre- 
sented by  Mr.  W.  N.  C.  Carlton,  librarian  of 
the  Newberry  Library. 

Mr.  Carlton  gave  us  a  glimpse  of  the  mag- 
nificence of  the  setting  of  the  American  Li- 
brary Association,  held  at  Kaaterskill,  N.  Y., 
June  23-28,  1913. 

To  attend  a  conference,  such  as  took  place 
at  Kaaterskill,  could  but  fill  one  with  encour- 
agement, inspiration  and  aspirations. 

Miss  Ida  M.  Lane,  chairman  of  the  Library 
committee  of  the  Chicago  Woman's  Club,  said 
in  her  short  address  to  the  club  "she  really  was 
hunting  for  something  to  do." 

She  touched  but  briefly  on  the  actual  work 
the  committee  had  done. 

The  story  hour  of  the  training  class  of  the 
Chicago  Public  Library  was  conducted  last 
year  by  Miss  Faulkner,  of  the  Chicago  Wo- 
mans'  Club. 

The  outside  work  of  the  club  has  been  chiefly 
the  story  telling  by  Miss  Faulkner,  but  since 
August  Miss  Lane  has  taken  charge  of  forty 
reviewers  to  assist  the  A.  L.  A.  book  reviewers. 

Miss  May  Massee  invited  each  librarian  or 
friend  to  participate  in  the  work  of  reviewing 
the  new  books  for  the  A.  L.  A.  Booklist,  of 
which  she  is  editor. 

An  informal  social  hour  followed  the  pro- 
gram. 

AGNES  J.  PETERSEN,  Secretary. 
WESTERN    MASSACHUSETTS   LIBRARY   CLUB 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Western  Massa- 
chusetts Library  Club  was  held  at  Southwick, 
Mass.,  on  Oct.  10,  1913. 

The  first  session  was  convened  on  Friday 
morning  at  10 130  o'clock.  The  address  of  wel- 
come was  given  by  Mr.  B.  M.  Hastings,  trus- 
tee of  the  Southwick  Public  Library,  a  talk 
on  "The  librarian  as  a  teacher,"  Instruction  in 
the  use  of  the  library  was  given  by  Miss  M. 
Chase,  Springfield;  Miss  Bertha  Gilligan,  Hoi- 
yoke;  Miss  Ida  Hamilton,  Westfield  Athe- 
naeum; Miss  Cora  Hassell,  Conway;  Miss 
Mary  K.  Weston,  Greenfield. 


630 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


At  the  afternoon  session,  which  was  held  at 
2  o'clock,  an  address,  "Dealers  in  human  na- 
ture," by  Rev.  Frederick  K.  Brown,  South- 
wick,  was  much  enjoyed. 

The  following  officers  were  elected:  presi- 
dent, Miss  Bertha  E.  Blakely,  Holyoke;  vice- 
presidents,  Mr.  J.  L.  Harrison,  Forbes,  and 
Miss  Lucy  Curtis,  Williamstown  ;  secretary, 
Miss  Alice  K.  Moore,  Springfield;  treasurer, 
Miss  Bertha  Gilligan,  Holyoke;  recorder,  Mr. 
James  A.  Lowell,  Springfield. 

BAY   PATH    LIBRARY    CLUB 

The  autumn  meeting  of  the  Bay  Path  Li- 
brary Club  was  held  in  the  new  library  build- 
ing in  West  Boylston,  Mass.,  Oct.  2,  1913. 
After  the  address  of  welcome  by  Mr.  Albert 
W.  Hinds,  Trustee  of  the  West  Boylston 
Library,  Miss  J.  Maud  Campbell,  Secretary 
Free  Public  Library  Commission,  gave  a 
paper  on  her  work  with  foreigners  which 
brought  out  an  interesting  discussion.  Miss 
M.  Anna  Tarbell,  Brimfield,  explained  the 
purpose  of  the  conference  held  in  August  at 
the  Massachusetts  Agricultural  College. 

In  the  afternoon  Mr.  Albert  W.  Hinds, 
West  Boylston,  told  of  some  of  the  interest- 
ing events  in  the  history  of  West  Boylston, 
and  of  the  noted  people  who  had  lived  there. 
Miss  Katharine  P.  Loring,  Prides  Crossing, 
read  a  paper  on  "Some  observations  on 
library  work."  The  next  speaker  was  Mr. 
Charles  K.  Bolton,  who  described  some  Euro- 
pean libraries,  which  he  had  visited.  The 
meeting  closed  with  a  review  of  new  books, 
conducted  by  Mrs.  Robert  K.  Shaw,  Worces- 
ter. 

WINNIFRED  S.  FARRELL,  Secretary. 


Sdbools  an& 
Glasses 


NEW    YORK    STATE    LIBRARY    SCHOOL 

Fifty-one  students  are  registered  in  the  reg- 
ular Bourse,  18  in  the  senior  year  and  33  in 
the  junior.  Eight  of  these  are  members  of 
the  New  York  State  Library  staff  and  are 
taking  only  partial  \vork.  Eight  other  staff 
assistants  are  taking  single  courses  or  parts  of 
courses,  but  because  of  the  limited  amount  of 
work  taken  they  are  not  included  in  the  regu- 
lar registration.  Two  of  the  senior  class  have 
returned  to  finish  the  course  after  two  years 
of  library  experience,  and  one  graduate  of 
another  school  has  been  admitted  to  advanced 
standing.  The  list  of  students,  their  colleges 
and  the  principal  library  positions  they  have 
held  follows: 

CLASS  OF  1914* 

Bowles,  Verne,  Albany,  N.  Y.    B.A.  Washing- 
ton   University,    1910;    assistant,    St.    Louis 

*  Includes  also  members  of  former  classes  taking 
the  senior  or  partial  courses. 


Public  Library,  1909-12 ;  assistant,  New  York 
State  Library,  Oct.,  1913-date. 

Clark,  Mabel,  Salem,  O.  B.A.  Vassar  College, 
1911. 

Clement,  Edith  M.,  '13,  Albany,  N.  Y.  B.A. 
Cornell  University,  1910;  assistant,  New 
York  State  Library,  Feb.,  1913-date. 

Cobb,  Mary  Elizabeth,  Albany,  N.  Y.  B.A. 
Syracuse  University,  1912;  assistant,  New 
York  State  Library,  Sept.,  1913-date. 

Cowley,  Amy,  Albany,  N.  Y.  B.S.  Northwest- 
ern University,  1910;  assistant,  Northwestern 
University  Library,  1910-12. 

Erskine,  Mary  Louise,  Chambersburg,  Pa.  B.A. 
Wilson  College,  1902;  Drexel  Institute  Li- 
brary School,  1903-04;  librarian,  Wilson  Col- 
lege Library,  I9o6-date. 

Hamilton,  William  James,  '12,  Minneapolis, 
Minn.  B.A.  University  of  Minnesota,  1910; 
Minnesota  Public  Library  Commission  Sum- 
mer School  for  Library  Training,  1909;  New- 
York  State  Library  School,  1910-11;  in 
charge  Useful  arts  department,  Minneapolis 
Public  Library,  May,  I9ii-Sept.,  1913. 

Ingalls,  Florence  Lillian,  Castleton-on-Hudson, 
N.  Y.  B.A.  Mt.  Holyoke  College,  1912;  stu- 
dent assistant,  Mt.  Holyoke  College  Library, 
1911-12. 

Jewett,  Alice  Louise,  Catskill,  N.  Y.  B.A.  Mt 
Holyoke  College,  1909;  assistant,  Carnegie 
Library  of  Pittsburgh,  1909-12;  assistant, 
New  York  State  Library,  Oct.  1912-date. 

Lowry,  Elizabeth,  Oakland,  Cal.  University  of 
Illinois,  1906-07;  B.L.  University  of  Califor- 
nia, 1912;  summer  assistant,  Oakland  Free 
Library,  1910,  1911. 

Pidgeon,  Marie  Kiersted,  Saugerties,  N.  Y. 
B.A.  Vassar  College,  1912;  assistant,  New 
York  State  Library,  Sept.,  1913-date. 

Rice,  Paul  North,  '12,  Columbus,  O.  B.A. 
Wesleyan  University,  1910;  New  York  State 
Library  School,  1910-11 ;  assistant  reference 
librarian,  Ohio  State  University  Library, 
Sept.,  I9ii-date. 

Rothrock,  Mary  Utopia,  Albany,  N.  Y.  B.S. 
Vanderbilt  University,  1911;  M.S.  1912;  as- 
sistant, New  York  State  Library,  Oct.,  1913- 
date, 

Sawyer,  Rollin  Alger,  jr.,  Albany,  N.  Y.  Dick- 
inson College,  1905-7;  B.A.  Lafayette  Col- 
lege, 1909;  assistant,  New  York  State  Li- 
brary, Oct.,  1913-date. 

Schneider,  Rebecca,  Seattle,  Wash.  Washing- 
ton State  College,  1906-07;  B.A.  University 
of  Washington,  1912;  student  assistant,  Uni- 
versity of  Washington  Library,  1910-11 ;  cat- 
aloger,  Ellensburg  (Wash.)  Public  Library, 
July-Sept.,  1912. 

Slomann,  Povl  Fritz  Vilhelm,  Copenhagen, 
Denmark.  Ph.B.  University  of  Copenhagen, 
1005;  M.A.  1912. 

Vaile,  Lucretia,  Denver,  Colo.  University  of 
Denver  1002-03;  B.A.  Vassar  College,  1906. 

Vasbinder,  Lida  C,  'n,  Albany,  N.  Y.  B.A. 
Elmira  College.  1901 ;  assistant,  New  York 
State  Library,  Feb.,  1912-date. 


November,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


CLASS    OF    1915 

Allison,  Gladys  Bell,  Houston,  Tex.  B.A. 
Drake  University,  1913;  student  assistant, 
Drake  University  Library,  1913. 

Bailey,  Beulah,  Troy,  N.  Y.  B.A.  Cornell  Uni- 
versity, 1912. 

Bayer,  Edna  Elizabeth,  Rochester,  N.  Y.  B.S. 
University  of  Rochester,  1913. 

Broomell,  Ellyn  Chapin,  Chicago,  111.  Mil- 
waukee-Downer College,  1909-10;  Ph.B.  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  1910-13 ;  student  assistant, 
University  of  Chicago  Library,  1911-13. 

Byrne,  Paul  R.,  Chittenango,  N.  Y.  Ph.B. 
Notre  Dame  University,  1913;  assistant  and 
cataloger,  Notre  Dame  University  Library, 
1907-13- 

Calkins,  Ruth  Helen,  Albany,  N.  Y.  B.A.  New 
York  State  Normal  College,  1912. 

Claflin,  Helen  Mildred,  Attleboro,  Mass.  B.A. 
Smith  College,  1913. 

Colwell,  Emily  Kerr,  Granville,  O.  Vassar 
College,  1911-12;  B.A.  Denison  University, 
1913;  student  assistant,  Denison  University 
Library,  1912-13. 

Davis,  Elizabeth  Linwood,  Sag  Harbor,  N.  Y. 
B.A.  Mt,  Holyoke  College,  1913;  student  as- 
sistant, Mt.  Holyoke  College  Library,  1912- 
13- 

Durkee,  Florence  Ella,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  Uni- 
versity of  Minnesota,  1896-7;  B.A.  Leland 
Stanford  Junior  University,  1902. 

Furbeck,  Mary  Elizabeth,  Altamont,  N.  Y.  B.A. 
Mt.  Holyoke  College,  1913 ;  student  assistant, 
Mt.  Holyoke  College  Library,  1910-13. 

Gates,  Helen  Fay,  Worcester,  Mass.  B.A. 
Smith  College,  1912;  apprentice  and  assist- 
ant, Clark  University  Library,  1912-13. 

Gilchrist,  Donald  Bean,  Franklin,  N.  H.  B.A. 
Dartmouth  College,  1913;  student  assistant, 
Dartmouth  College  Library,  1910-13. 

Greene,  May,  Albany,  N.  Y.  B.A.  Wellesley 
College,  1910. 

Hallsted,  Sarah,  Waterloo,  N.  Y.  William 
Smith  College,  1909-10;  B.A.  Mt.  Holyoke 
College,  1913;  student  assistant,  Mt.  Hol- 
yoke College  Library,  1912-13. 

Hartmann,  Astrid,  Trondhjem,  Norway.  B.A. 
Trondhjems  Kathedralskole,  1904;  assistant, 
Trondhjems  Folkebibliotek,  Aug.,  iox>5-Oct., 
1912 ;  acting  librarian,  Nov.,  1912-Sept,  1913. 

James,  Helen  Craig,  Albany,  N.  Y.  B.A.  Vas- 
sar College,  1912. 

Lamb,  Clara  Louise,  Charlotte,  Mich.  Welles- 
ley  College,  1900-01;  B.A.  University  of 
Michigan,  1904;  assistant,  Cleveland  Public 
Library,  Apr.-Sept.,  1913. 

Lawson,  Mildred  Helen,  Troy,  N.  Y.  B.A. 
N.  Y.  State  Normal  College,  1912. 

McCollough,  Ruth  Dorothy,  Franklin,  Ind. 
B.A.  Franklin  College,  1913. 

McMillen,  James  Adelbert,  Pickering,  Mo. 
B.A.  University  of  Missouri,  1913;  assistant 
and  librarian,  Maryville  (Mo.)  Public  Li- 
brary, 1906-9;  assistant,  University  of  Mis- 
souri Library,  1910-13. 

Martin,  Mamie  Ruth,  Clinton,  Ind.    B.L.  Ohio 


Wesleyan  University,  1910;  Indiana  Public 
Library  Commission  Summer  School  for  Li- 
brarians, 1912;  assistant  and  librarian,  Clin- 
ton (Ind.)  Public  Library,  1911-13. 
Norton,  Margaret  Cross,  Rockford,  111.  Rock- 
ford  College,  1909-12;  Ph.B.  University  of 
Chicago,  1913. 

Scearce,  Helen  Adylia,  Mooresville,  Ind.    B.A. 
De  Pauw  University,   1912 ;   apprentice,   In- 
diana State  Library,  1912-13. 
Seip,  Karen,   Furu  in   Slagen,  pr.,   Tonsberg, 
Norway.      B.A.    Hambros    Skole,     Bergen, 
1909;  University  of  Kristiania,  1910-12. 
Sharpe,    Margaret,    Greenwich,    N.    Y.      B.A. 

Middlebury  College,  1913. 
Sherrard,  Mary  Campbell,  Chambersburg,  Pa. 

B.A.  Wilson  College,  1900. 
Smith,    Alfhild    Aagot,    Trondhjem,    Norway. 
B.A.  Trondhjems  Kathedralskole,  1905;  as- 
sistant,    Trondhjems     Folkebibliotek,     Oct., 
I9i2-date. 

Spicer,  Inez,  Columbia,  Mo.  B.S.  Christian 
College,  Columbia,  1901;  B.S.  in  Education, 
University  of  Missouri,  1909;  assistant,  Uni- 
versity of  Missouri  Library,  1910-13. 
Thompson,  Ruth  Elizabeth,  Denver,  Colo.  New 
Hampshire  State  College,  1908-9;  B.A.  Uni- 
versity of  Denver,  1912;  assistant,  Denver 
Public  Library,  June,  1912-date. 
Ver  Nooy,  Winifred,  Chicago,  111.  Ph.B.  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  1912;  apprentice,  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago  Library,  1912-13. 
Wallace,  Ruth,  Franklin,  Ind.  B.A.  Franklin 
College,  1899;  Indiana  Public  Library  Com- 
mission Summer  School  for  Librarians,  1912 ; 
assistant  librarian  and  cataloger,  Franklin 
Public  Library,  1912-13. 

Winship,  Vera  Louise,  Milroy,  Ind.     Western 
College,  Oxford,  O.,  1908-9;  B.A.  De  Pauw 
University,   1912;    apprentice,  Indiana   State 
Library,  Oct.,  1912- July,  1913. 
Since  the  publication  in  the  August  number 
of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  of  the  degrees  granted 
during  the  past  school  year,  Alfred  D.  Keator, 
'12,  and  J.  Howard  Dice,  '13,  have  also  been 
granted  the  degree  B.L.S. 

One  new  elective  course  has  been  added  to 
those  offered  in  the  senior  year.  Mr.  William 
R.  Watson,  chief  of  the  Educational  Extension 
Division,  and  Miss  Grace  L.  Betteridge,  head 
of  the  Traveling  Libraries  and  Study  Club  sec- 
tion, offer  practice  in  extension  work,  for 
which  a  school  credit  of  50  hours  will  be 
granted.  Mr.  Watson  will  include  in  the 
course  a  series  of  discussions  on  the  varied 
forms  of  library  commission  work.  Additional 
practice  may  also  be  secured  by  those  who  de- 
sire it  in  actual  organization  of  small  libraries, 
under  the  direction  of  the  state  library  organ- 
izer, during  the  month  of  March.  Six  have 
already  registered  for  the  course. 
'Miss  Mary  W.  Plummer,  principal  of  the 
Library  School  of  the  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary, spent  Oct.  17  and  18  at  the  school,  visit- 
ing class  appointments  and  inspecting  the  meth- 
ods and  equipment  of  the  school.  The  stu- 


THE  LIBRARY  JO  URN  A. 


[November,  1913. 


dents  and  faculty  had  the  pleasure  of  meeting 
Miss  Plummer  personally  at  an  informal  tea 
in  the  school  rooms  on  the  afternoon  of  the 
i/th. 

Miss  Eleanor  M.  Dye,  '11-12,  after  a  tem- 
porary service  of  two  months  as  cataloger  in 
the  Public  Library  of  Sandusky,  O.,  has  been 
appointed  librarian  of  the  children's  room. 

Alfred  D.  Keator,  B.L.S.  '12,  has  gone  to  the 
Minneapolis  Public  Library  to  take  charge  of 
the  Useful  arts  department. 

Ruth  Rosholt,  B.L.S.  '12,  has  been  promoted 
to  the  position  of  chief  of  the  Catalog  depart- 
ment of  the  Minneapolis  Public  Library. 

Raymond  L.  Walkley,  B.L.S.  '13,  has  been 
appointed  bibliographical  assistant  in  the  li- 
brary of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Education,  Wash- 
ington. 

Recent  additions  to  the  staff  of  the  New 
York  State  Library  are : 

Leslie  E.  Bliss,  B.L.S.  '13,  assistant  in  the 
Legislative  Reference  section. 

Miss  Verne  Bowles,  '14,  assistant  in  the 
Order  section. 

•Miss  Mary  U.  Rothrock,  '14,  assistant  in  the 
Book  Selection  section. 

R.  Alger  Sawyer,  jr.,  '14,  assistant  in  the 
Law  Library. 

Miss  Daisy  M.  Enright,  'io-'ii,  who  resigned 
her  position  as  librarian  of  the  Public  Library 
at  Nutley,  N.  J.,  was  married  to  Dr.  Burtrand 
J.  Eno,  Oct.  i,  at  Burlington,  Vt. 

Clarence  E.  Sherman,  '11-12,  assistant  li- 
brarian of  Aniherst  College  Library,  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Inez  B.  Copeland,  at  her  home  in 
Brockton,  Mass.,  on  Oct.  8. 

Alice  A.  Blanchard,  '(>3-'o4,  has  succeeded 
Miss  Alice  I.  Hazeltine,  'oi-'o2,  as  first  as- 
sistant in  the  Children's  department  and 
Training  School  for  Children's  Librarians  at 
the  Carnegie  Library,  Pittsburgh. 

Ethel  I.  Burwell,  *i2-'i3,  will  spend  nine 
months  as  assistant  in  Dark  University  Li- 
brary, Worcester. 

Mary  E.  Cobb,  '14,  has  been  appointed  as- 
sistant in  the  New  York  State  Library  School. 

Jessica  G.  Cone,  '95,  has  been  appointed 
assistant  in  the  Catalog  department  of  the 
Cleveland  Public  Library. 

Annabel  A.  Hulburd,  'o6-'o7,  has  gone  to 
the  Toledo  (O.)  Public  Library  as  head  of 
the  Catalog  department. 

Hans  G.  Hvistendahl,  'i2-'i3,  has  been  ap- 
pointed assistant  in  the  Offentlige  Bibliotek, 
Bergen,  Norway. 

Elta  V.  Savage,  '12-' 13,  has  been  appointed 
assistant  reference  librarian  in  the  Kansas 
State  Agricultural  College  at  Manhattan. 

Alice  See,  'i2-'i3,  has  returned  to  Drake 
University  Library,  Des  Moines,  la.,  as  as- 
sistant in  the  catalog  and  reference  rooms. 

Sabra  W.  Vought,  '01,  has  gone  to  Alle- 
gheny College  Library  to  act  as  librarian  dur- 
ing the  absence  abroad  of  Miss  Edith  Row- 
ley, 'os-'o6.  F.  K.  WALTER. 


PRs.'TT  INSTITUTE   SCHOOL   OF   LIBRARY 

SCIENCE 

The  new  Normal  course  was  in  its  ex- 
perimental stage  last  year;  this  year  is  opens 
with  four  students — Miss  Lorette  Jenks  and 
Miss  Alice  I.  Vail,  Pratt,  1913 ;  Miss  Louise 
Bache,  Pittsburg,  1910,  now .  children's  libra- 
rian, DeKalb  branch,  Brooklyn  Public  Library  ; 
and  Miss  Nellie  A.  Olsen,  A.  B.,  Minnesota 
State  University,  1902,  librarian  of  Moorhead, 
Minn.,  High  School  and  Public  Library  and 
of  the  Normal  School  Library,  Mayville,  N. 
D.,  1908-13. 

Work  began  Sept.  2.  The  month  of  Sep- 
tember was  spent  in  a  study  of  the  Brooklyn 
Public  Library  system  and  in  preparation  of 
the  courses  that  the  students  are  to  teach  the, 
Brooklyn  Public  Library  Training  class  which 
began  work  Sept  29. 

The  Normal  students  will  have  Psychology 
and  the  History  of  Education,  in  the  Educa- 
tion Department  of  Pratt  Institute,  and 
Miss  Hopkins  is  planning  to  give  them  a 
course  in  Public  Speaking,  during  the  first 
term. 

The  general  course  opened  Sept.  15,  with  28 
regular  students,  the  largest  class  that  the 
present  class-room  has  accommodated,  mak- 
ing with  the  Normal  students  a  total  regis- 
tration of  32,  which  is  the  School's  high- 
water  mark.  The  members  of  the  class  are  as 
follows : 
Martha  Alberts,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Adelphi 

College,  1911-1913. 
Hellen  G.  Alleman,  Hanover,  Pa.     Assistant, 

Hanover  Public  Library. 
Carson  Brevoort,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Ella    B.    Cook,    Trenton,    N.    J.      Assistant 

Trenton  Public  Library. 

Florence  L.  Crosier,  Cleveland,  O.     First  as- 
sistant,   Loraine    branch,    Cleveland    Public 

Library. 
Frederick  L.  Davis,  Taunton,  Mass.    Harvard 

College  A.  M.,  1802. 
Madalene  F.  Dow,  Wethersfield,  Conn.    Smith 

College,  B.  A.,  1912. 
Maude  W.  Fowler,  Gerrish,  New  Hampshire. 

Assistant,  Public  Library,  Franklin,  N.  H. 
Virginia  N.  Gillham,  Upper  Alton,  111.  Shurt- 

leff  College,  Ph.  B.,  1892. 
Eleanor  Gleason.  Hartford,  Conn.     Reference 

librarian,  Hartford  Public  Library. 
Kate  A.  Goodrich,  Douglas,  Arizona.     Libra- 
rian, Copper  Queen  Library,  Douglas. 
Eleanor  Gray,  Walpole,  Mass. 
Sarah  Greer,  Rocky  Mount,  Va. 
Alice  A.  Culler,  Hamilton,  N.  Y.    Mt.  Holyoke 

College,  1910-12. 
Agnes  Hansen,  Seattle,  Wash.    University  of 

Washington,     1903-04.       Cataloger,     Seattle 

Public  Library. 

Floretta  Kimball,   Suffolk,  Va.     Adelphi  Col- 
lege, 1911-12. 

Rosamond  Mclntosh,  Highland  Mills,  N.  Y. 
Catharine  E.   Pennington,  Raspburg,   Md. 
Maud    M.    Pugsley,    Newark,    N.   J.     2   years 

Northwestern  University.     Branch  librarian, 

Newark  Public  Library. 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


633 


Amelia   H.    Robie,    Bath,    N.    Y.     Assistant, 

Davenport  Library. 

Elizabeth  M.  Sawyer,  Cleveland,  O.  First 
Assistant,  Miles  Park  branch,  Cleveland 
Public  Library. 

Florence  M.  Scott,  Meadville,  Pa.  Allegheny 
College,  1910-12.  Assistant,  Meadville  Pub- 
lic Library. 

Mrs.  Estelle  H.  Smith.     Charleston,  Maine. 
Nathalie  Smith,  Duluth,  Minn.    A.  B.  Welles- 
ley  College,  1913. 

Loraine  A.  Sullivan,  Newport,  R.  I. 
Kenneth   C.   Walker,  Dorchester,  Mass.     Ap- 
prentice, Harvard  University  Library. 
Cecile  A.  Watson,  Selma,  Alabama.    Goucher 
College,     1899-1900.       Assistant,     Brooklyn 
Public  Library. 

Edith  I.  Wright,  Springfield,  Vt.  Assistant, 
Vermont  Public  Library  Commission. 
Sixteen  states  are  represented.  There  are 
eight  students  from  New  England,  ten  from 
the  Middle  Atlantic  states,  four  from  the 
South,  four  from  the  Middle  West,  and  two 
from  the  far  West.  Eighteen  of  the  students 
have  had  library  experience,  seven  have  taught 
and  seven  of  them  have  been  in  business  of 
one  kind  or  another. 

The  class  visited  the  exhibition  of  the 
"Illuminated  Manuscripts  and  Early  Printed 
Books,"  loaned  by  Mr.  J.  Pierpoint  Morgan, 
at  Columbia  University,  on  Thursday  after- 
noon, Oct.  16. 

ALUMNI  NOTES 

Miss  Marion  L,  Cowell,  '08,  librarian  at 
La  Grande,  Ore.,  was  married  on  Sept.  3  to 
Mr.  Herman  S.  Hertwig. 

Miss  Frances  H.  Sims,  '08,  has  been  put  in 
charge  of  the  Charles  E.  Dickinson  branch  of 
the  Denver  Public  Library. 

Miss  Sally  Clarkson,  '09,  has  been  placed  in 
charge  of  the  new  Children's  Room  in  the 
Ypsilanti  Normal  School  library  with  the 
opportunity  of  working  out  a  very  interest- 
ing experiment  in  Normal  School  work. 

Miss  Stella  R.  Hoyt,  '09,  branch  librarian 
at  the  Public  Library  of  Seattle,  was  married 
on  Aug.  31  to  Mr.  Robert  A.  De  Cou. 

Miss  Almira  R.  Wilcox,  '10,  has  been  made 
assistant  in  the  Troy,  N.  Y.,  Public  Library. 

Miss  Evelyn  M.  Blodgett,  'n,  Cataloger  of 
the  State  Library  of  Vermont,  has  gone  to  the 
library  of  the  University  of  Washington,  at 
Seattle. 

Miss  Rachel  Rhoades,  'n,  has  been  appointed 
first  assistant  in  the  Reference  Department  of 
the  Library  Association  of  Portland,  Ore. 

Miss  Elsie  Hay,  '12,  has  been  put  in  charge 
of  the  Children's  Room  at  the  Stapleton 
branch  of  the  New  York  Public  Library. 

Miss  Clara  McKee,  '12,  has  been  appointed 
a  cataloger  at  Brown  University. 

Miss  Harriet  S.  Dutcher,  '13,  who  went  to 
Pittsburgh  as  temporary  reference  assistant 
during  the  summer,  has  been  appointed  to 
the  position  of  classifier  in  that  library. 

Miss  Louise  Richardson,  '13,  has  gone  to  the 
University  of  North  Carolina,  as  cataloger. 


Miss  Delia  M.  Wilsey,  '13,  has  been  made 
librarian  of  the  Public  Library  of  Richmond, 
California. 

Miss  Margaret  Palmer,  Pratt  '05,  has  been 
made  librarian  of  the  Public  Library  at  Chis- 
holm,  Minn. 

Miss  Julia  F.  Carter,  Pratt,  '06,  who,  last 
year,  was  in  charge  of  the  Perkins  Children's 
branch  of  the  Cleveland  Public  Library,  has 
been  re-appointed  in  the  Children's  Depart- 
ment of  the  New  York  Public  Library. 

Miss  Agnes  F.  Greer,  Pratt  '08,  librarian  of 
the  West  End  branch  of  the  Pittsburgh  Pub- 
lic Library,  assumes  the  librarianship  of  the 
Ballard  branch  of  the  Seattle  Public  Library 
in  November. 

Miss  Alexandrine  La  Tourette,  Pratt  '08, 
has  resigned  the  librarianship  of  Iron  Moun- 
tain, Mich.,  to  accept  the  assistant  librarian- 
ship  of  the  University  of  Nevada. 

Miss  Ruth  Townsend,  Pratt  '10,  has  been 
appointed  Office  Secretary  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Library  Commission. 

JOSEPHINE  ADAMS  RATHBONE,  Vice-director. 

IOWA    SUMMER    LIBRARY    SCHOOL 

In  1912  the  Iowa  Library  Commission,  on 
account  of  the  increased  pressure  of  work,  was 
unable  to  continue  the  Summer  Library  School 
which  it  had  conducted  at  the  University  for 
eleven  sessions.  Consequently  no  school  'was 
held  that  year,  but  because  of  the  continued 
demand  the  University  arranged  to  resume  the 
school  in  1913  as  a  distinctive  part  of  the  sum- 
mer session.  The  University  librarian,  Mal- 
colm G.  Wyer,  was  director,  and  the  staff 
was  as  follows:  Alice  S.  Tyler,  special  lec- 
turer on  library  administration;  lone  Arm- 
strong, librarian,  Council  Bluffs,  instructor  in 
cataloging;  Jennie  E.  Roberts,  head  cataloger, 
University  library,  instructor  in  classification; 
Edna  Lyman  Scott,  specialist  in  children's 
reading,  Seattle,  instructor  in  library  work 
with  children;  Jessie  L.  Arms,  secretary  and 
reviser.  Mr.  Wyer  gave  the  instruction  in 
reference  work  and  general  subjects.  Special 
lectures  were  given  by  Mr.  Utley,  secretary 
American  Library  Association;  Miss  Rose,  of 
Davenport;  Miss  Julia  Robinson,  of  Des 
Moines;  Mr.  Hertzberg,  of  the  Monastery 
Bindery,  Chicago;  Miss  Milligan,  of  Tipton; 
Miss  Davis  and  Miss  Marks,  of  the  Library 
Commission,  and  by  members  of  the  Univer- 
sity faculty. 

The  course  lasted  for  six  weeks  and  covered 
— as  fully  as  possible — the  subjects  most  needed 
for  modern  library  Administration — as  well  as 
lectures  of  an  inspirational  character.  The 
class  contained  nineteen  in  the  regular  course 
and  four  additional  for  the  children's  work. 
It  was  one  of  the  best  classes  that  ever  at- 
tended the  library  school,  as  nearly  all  came  as 
librarians  of  small  town  libraries,  and  all  but 
two  were  from  Iowa. 

Although  the  school  is  no  longer  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Library  Commission,  the  close 


634 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


cooperation  of  all  members  of  the  commission 
was  warmly  felt  by  the  director;  and  the  suc- 
cess of  the  school  was  due  in  no  small  measure 
to  the  solid  foundation  on  which  it  had  been 
placed  by  Miss  Tyler  and  Miss  Brown,  and  to 
the  presence  of  Miss  Tyler  for  an  extended 
course  of  lectures. 

The  list  of  students  is  as  follows : 
Allen,  Helen  E.,  Public  Library,  Onawa,  Iowa. 
Anderson,  Delvena,  University  Library,  Iowa 

City,  Iowa. 
Converse,    Abbie   J.,    Public   Library,    Cresco, 

Iowa. 
Dailey,  Fern,  Public  Library,  Council  Bluffs, 

Iowa. 
Delahoyde,    Mrs.    Laura    V.,    Public    Library, 

Audubon,  Iowa. 
Denman,   Nan    E.,   Public   Library,   Sac   City, 

Iowa. 
Gordon,  Ethel,  University  Library,  Iowa  City, 

Iowa. 
Hodgson,  James,  University  Library,  Iowa  City, 

Iowa. 
Johnson,  Josephine,   Public  Library,  Missouri 

Valley,  Iowa. 
Lovett,  Mrs.  Laura,  Public  Library,  Ida  Grove, 

Iowa. 

Keil,  Bess,  Public  Library,  Marengo,  Iowa. 
Logsdon,  Josephine  B.,  Public  Library,  Colfax, 

Iowa. 
Mitchell,  Anne  R,  Public  Library,  Ft.  Dodge, 

Iowa. 
Rohwedder,  Elizabeth,  Public  Library,  Clinton, 

Iowa. 
Schneider,    Pearl,    Public    Library,    Oelwein, 

Iowa. 
Storer,  Ruth  W.,  Public  Library,  Mason  City, 

Iowa. 
Williams,     Harriet,     Public    Library,     Stuart, 

Iowa. 

Wilson,  Lorena  M.,  Public  Library,  York,  Neb. 
Witter,  Helen  E.,  Public  Library,  Ottumwa, 

Iowa. 

CHILDREN'S  COURSE 

Colby,  Eva,  Orthopedic  Hospital,  Lincoln,  Neb. 
Murdough,  Miss,  Chicago  Commons,  Chicago, 

111. 
Murray,  Mrs.  Maud  L.,  Public  Library,  Grundy 

Center,  Iowa. 
Russell,    Lois,     Public    Library,     Iowa    City, 

Iowa. 

MALCOLM  G.  WYER. 

SIMMONS  COLLEGE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

The  college  opened  on  Sept.  17,  with  the 
following  students  for  library  training  classes : 

FIRST   YEAR 

Ada  A.  Bauer,  Jane  I.  Baumler,  Constance 
Beal,  Esther  E.  Beckford,  Dorothy  Black, 
Anna  B.  Bonzagni,  Marion  Bowman,  Miriam 
R.  Breese,  Christine  R.  Bull,  Marie  R.  Cop- 
land, Ruth  A.  Davis,  May  L.  Dugan,  Margaret 
Duncan,  Abbie  G.  Glover,  Helen  L.  Harlow, 
Ina  L.  Hawes,  May  Kelleher,  Pearl  L.  Mason, 


Hazel  Merrill,  Dorothy  E.  Oelkers,  Ernestine 
Packard,  Gertrude  H.  Robinson,  Helen  Rug- 
gles,  Helen  Whiting,  Margaret  O.  Wood. 

SECOND  YEAR 

Dorothy  G.  Bell,  Mildred  Bouve,  Louise  V. 
Clary,  Ella  M.  Coats,  Helen  M.  Foster,  Estelle 
Freeman,  Helen  P.  Giere,  Marion  Hayward, 
Margaret  G.  Heimer,  Isabelle  Hurlbutt,  Eliza- 
beth P.  Jacobs,  Katharine  J.  Middleton,  Mary 
A.  Nimms,  Caroline  Righter,  Harriet  Robinson, 
Mary  E.  Rogers,  Margaret  E.  Sinclair,  Esther 
F.  Tucker,  May  F.  Twitchell,  Lorna  A.  Ward- 
well,  Margaret  M.  Welch,  Marjorie  Yates. 

THIRD  YEAR 

Anita  M.  Allen,  Harriet  C.  Ames,  Helen  B. 
Andrews,  Margaret  E.  Batcheller,  Gladys  M. 
Bigelow,  Isabelle  L.  Chaffin,  Margaret  M. 
Clark,  Marian  F.  Cross,  Gladys  Dixon,  Ruth 
M.  Eaton,  Annie  R.  C.  Fennell,  Elizabeth 
Fowler,  Ethel  K.  Fowler,  Helen  T.  Gerald, 
Esther  A.  Giblin,  Ruth  A.  Gray,  Ruth  W. 
Hatch,  Mildred  Hurley,  A.  Marie  Lament, 
Jessie  H.  Ludgate,  Mary  A.  Pinkham,  Gert- 
rude A.  Shaw,  Marie  F.  Smalley,  Mildred 
Thompson,  Marjorie  T.  Underwood,  Pauline 
M.  Yager. 

FOURTH  YEAR 

Marion  Andrews,  Constance  Ashenden,  Mar- 
tha Bailey,  Clara  Beetle,  Lucy  S.  Bell,  Edith 
Brown,  Helen  F.  Carleton,  Mildred  E.  Dimick, 
Elizabeth  P.  Ela,  Sarah  M.  Findley,  Margaret 
Kneil,  Mary  A.  McCarthy,  Ella  R.  McDowell, 
Ethel  Newcomet,  Lillian  F.  Nisbet,  Mildred 
Page,  Ruth  H.  Parker,  Margaret  A.  Potter, 
I.  Marie  Randall,  Marion  L.  Small,  Helen  P. 
Smith,  Katherine  Warren. 

COLLEGE   GRADUATE    CLASS 

Winnifred  A.  Chapman,  Alice  B.  Day,  Anna 
E.  Foster,  Louise  M.  Hoxie,  Ethel  P.  Kellar, 
Edith  A.  Noon,  Pauline  Potter,  Grace  W. 
Thompson,  Louise  Thompson,  Margaret  Wat- 
kins,  Helen  M.  Whitehouse. 

PARTIAL    AND    SPECIAL    STUDENTS 

Vida   B.   Adams,   Bessie   S.   Cobb,  Julia  L. 

Crocker,    Elva    Greef,    Dorothy    F.  Holmes, 

Margaret     Marston,     Edith     Phail,  Dorothy 
Whiting,  Elizabeth  F.  Williams. 

ALUMNAE  NOTES 

Higgins,  Alice  G.,  1906,  has  accepted  a  posi- 
tion in  the  Children's  department  of  the  New 
York  Public  Library  as  assistant  to  Miss 
Moore. 

Stuart,  Theresa,  1908,  is  doing  some  work 
in  organization  at  the  Stewart  Public  Library, 
Corrinna,  Me. 

Kendall,  Alice  G.,  1910,  has  accepted  a  posi- 
tion as  acting  librarian  for  the  year  1913-1914 
at  Wilson  College,  Chambersburg,  Pa. 

Aldrich,  Caroline,  1912,  has  joined  the  staff 
of  the  Utica  Public  Library  in  the  Children's 
department. 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


635 


Malone,  Eva  E.,  1911-1912,  has  gone  to  Mer- 
edith College,  Raleigh,  N.  C,  as  librarian. 

Almy,  Helen,  1913,  went  in  September  as 
assistant  in  the  Utica  Public  Library. 

Haseltine,  Elizabeth,  1912-1913,  has  joined 
the  staff  of  the  Cataloging  department  at  Co- 
lumbia University. 

Wolhaupter,  Alice  C.,  has  accepted  a  posi- 
tion as  assistant  in  the  Public  Library  of  New 
Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

Woedbridge,  Elizabeth,  1912-1913,  has 
charge  of  the  library  of  the  National  Child 
Labor  Commission,  New  York. 

Potter,  Hope,  1912-1913,  has  been  appointed 
librarian  of  the  High  School  Library,  in  Red- 
lands,  Cal. 

WESTERN  RESERVE   UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 
SCHOOL 

The  school  opened  Sept.  23  with  an  enroll- 
ment of  25  regular  students  and  n  special 
students,  the  latter  being  from  the  staff  of  the 
Cleveland  Public  Library.  In  the  regular  class 
8  states  are  represented,  9  colleges,  15  students 
have  had  at  least  a  partial  college  course,  and 
15  have  had  previous  library  experience. 

The  technical  courses  this  year  will  be  given 
by  Miss  Harriet  E.  Howe,  who  comes  to  the 
school  as  head  instructor.  Miss  Howe  brings 
to  the  school  a  wide  experience  in  both  college 
and  public  library  work.  After  her  gradua- 
tion from  the  Illinois  Library  School  she  served 
on  the  staff  of  that  institution  four  years ;  later 
she  reorganized  the  catalog  department  of  the 
library  of  the  University  of  Iowa,  and  for  the 
past  three  and  a  half  years  has  been  head  cat- 
aloger  of  the  Minneapolis  Public  Library. 
For  three  summers  she  was  instructor  in  tech- 
nical subjects  in  the  Iowa  Summer  Library 
School,  and  previously  had  charge  of  the  sum- 
mer library  school  at  the  University  of  the 
State  of  Washington  for  two  summers.  Miss 
Gertrude  Sipher,  a  member  of  last  year's  class, 
will  serve  as  her  assistant  and  reviser. 

As  in  previous  years,  the  course  in  Book  se- 
lection will  be  given  by  Miss  Bessie  Sargeant 
Smith,  head  of  the  smaller  branches  and  high 
school  libraries  of  the  Cleveland  Public  Li- 
brary, and  the  course  in  Trade  bibliography 
and  book  buying  by  Miss  Anna  G.  Hubbard, 
head  of  the  Order  department  of  the  Cleveland 
Library.  Other  members  of  the  Cleveland 
Public  Library  staff  will  give  courses  and  lec- 
tures relating  to  the  departments  of  which 
they  are  heads. 

The  use  of  the  typewriter  is  begun  early  in 
the  course,  with  the  desire  that  students  shall 
be  able  to  make  practical  use  of  typewriters 
during  the  course.  Three  different  kinds  of 
machines  have  been  added  to  the  equipment, 
and  the  practice  work  commenced  under  the 
supervision  of  Miss  White. 

The  students  with  the  director,  Miss  Howe, 
and  Miss  Sipher  attended  the  meeting  of  the 
Ohio  Library  Association  at  Oberlin  on  Oct. 
S,  and  in  addition  to  the  sessions  enjoyed  the 


opportunity    of    inspecting    the    library   under 
the  guidance  of  Professor  Root. 

ALUMNI    NEWS 

Zana  K.  Miller,  '05,  formerly  librarian  of  the 
Tax  Commission  at  Madison,  Wis.,  is  now 
librarian  with  The  Indexers,  at  5526  South 
Park  avenue,  Chicago. 

Theodosia  Hamilton,  '07,  formerly  librarian 
of  Simpson  College  Library,  has  been  ap- 
pointed acting  librarian  of  the  Vinton  (la.) 
Public  Library. 

Alice  Morris,  '10,  has  resigned  her  position 
as  cataloger  in  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University 
Library,  and  has  been  appointed  an  assistant 
in  the  Ohio  State  University  Library. 

Grace  Haughton,  'n,  has  resigned  her  posi- 
tion as  assistant  in  School  division  of  the 
Cleveland  Public  Library  to  accept  an  assist- 
antship  in  the  State  Normal  College  Library 
at  Ypsilanti,  Mich. 

Marion  Warner,  'n,  was  married  Sept.  22  to 
Mr.  Harry  Barney  Claflin,  of  Cleveland. 

Ruth  Haven,  '12,  has  resigned  her  position 
as  assistant  librarian  of  the  North  branch  of 
the  Minneapolis  Public  Library  to  accept  the 
position  of  organizer  in  the  Minnesota  Public 
Library  Commission. 

ALICE  S.  TYLER,  Director. 

LIBRARY   SCHOOL    CARNEGIE   LIBRARY    OF 
ATLANTA 

The    ninth    annual    session    of    the    school 
opened  on  Sept.  25  with  the  following  enroll- 
ment of  students: 
Grace  Angier,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Janet  Berkeley,  Staunton,  Va. 
Katharine   Carnes,  Macon,   Ga. 
Lucille  Cobb,  Carrollton,  Ga. 
Kathleen  Hines,  Calhoun,  Ga. 
Margaret  Jemison,  Talladega,  Ala. 
Annie  Jungermann,  Columbus,  Ga. 
Rhea  King,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Anna  Laura  Robinson,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
May  Smith,  Athens,  Ga. 
Vera  Southwick,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Mattie  Lou  Worsham,  Forsyth,  Ga. 

On  Saturday  afternoon,  Oct.  18,  the  class 
was  present  at  the  opening  of  the  Uncle  Remus 
branch  of  the  Carnegie  Library.  This  branch 
is  situated  in  rooms  in  the  former  home  of 
Joel  Chandler  Harris,  which  has  been  bought 
by  the  Uncle  Remus  Memorial  Association. 
After  the  opening  exercises  were  concluded 
there  was  an  opportunity  for  the  students  to 
inspect  the  house  and  grounds,  which  are  full 
of  interest  from  their  association  with  the 
Uncle  Remus  stories. 

NOTES 

Ethel  Pitcher,  1910,  formerly  assistant  in  the 
Cleveland  (Ohio)  Public  Library,  in  Septem- 
ber was  appointed  librarian  of  the  Public  Li- 
brary at  Tyler,  Texas. 

Mary  Browne,  1909,  has  resigned  her  posi- 
tion in  the  New  York  Public  Library,  and  has 


636 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{November,  1913 


returned  to  Atlanta  to  take  charge  of  the  Oak- 
land City  and  Uncle  Remus  branches  of  the 
Carnegie  Library.  These  branches  are  open  on 
different  afternoons  during  the  week.  Miss 
Browne  will  tell  an  Uncle  Remus  story  every 
Saturday  afternoon  at  the  Uncle  Remus  branch. 
At  the  opening  of  this  library,  Oct.  18,  she 
made  a  successful  beginning,  having  a  very 
large  audience,  which  included  the  widow  of 
the  late  Joel  Chandler  Harris,  several  of  his 
children  and  grandchildren,  the  Executive 
committee  of  the  Memorial  Association,  and 
many  friends  of  the  author,  both  old  and 
young. 

Ethel  Daniel,  1909,  who  had  been  an  assist- 
ant in  the  Carnegie  Library  of  Atlanta,  was 
married  on  Jtine  18  to  Frank  Henry  Theile,  of 
Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

The  attendance  of  graduates  at  the  A.  L.  A. 
conferences  has  been  necessarily  small  here- 
tofore, owing  to  the  distance  of  the  meeting 
places  from  the  South.  At  the  Kaaterskill 
Conference,  however,  there  were  nine  repre- 
sentatives of  the  school :  Jessie  Hopkins,  1906 ; 
Ethel  Everhart,  1907;  Ella  May  Thornton, 
1909;  Mary  Palmer,  1909;  T.  D.  Barker,  1909; 
Dagmar  Holmes,  1910;  Frances  Newman, 
1912;  Amelia  Whitaker,  1912,  and  Catherine 
Walker,  1913.  They  made  up  a  pleasant  lunch- 
con  party,  which  was  entertained  on  Thursday 
of  the  conference  by  Miss  Wootten  and  Mrs. 
Sneed.  DELIA  FOREACRE  SNEED. 

DREXEL  INSTITUTE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

Two  of  the  entering  class  withdrew  too 
late  for  correction  of  the  list  sent  the  October 
JOURNAL:  Jesse  W.  Bingham,  Chicago,  111.; 
Maud  A.  Pratt,  Reynoldsville,  Pa. 

The  two  following  names  should  be  added 
to  the  class  list:  Edith  Bettle,  Haverford,  Pa. 
(part  time  student)  ;  Eliza  M.  Fox,  Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 

The  instruction  in  Loan  department  work, 
formerly  given  by  Miss  Bacon,  will  be  given 
by  Miss  Stella  T.  Doane.  Miss  Bacon  will 
take  up  the  administrative  side  in  her  spring 
course  on  Library  administration. 

Two  periods  a  week  in  the  gymnasium  are 
required  this  year  from  each  member  of  the 
class. 

A  visit  was  paid  on  the  afternoon  of  Friday, 
Oct.  17,  to  the  Library  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania. 

Miss  Jean  Cameron,  Drexel,  1913,  has  been 
appointed  assistant  in  the  Medical  Library, 
McGill  University,  Montreal. 

Miss  Louise  Willard  Rodgers,  Drexel,  1913, 
held  a  temporary  position  as  cataloger  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  has  recently 
been  appointed  assistant  in  the  Cataloging  de- 
partment of  the  Free  Library  of  Philadelphia. 

Miss  Mary  Helen  Jones,  Drexel.  1913,  has 
been  assisting  in  the  recataloging  of  the  Me- 
dina (Pa.)  Free  Library. 

CORINNE  BACON,  Director. 


LIBRARY    SCHOOL    OF    THE    NEW    YORK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

Several  corrections  should  be  made  in  the 

list    of    appointments    which    appeared    last 

month,  as  follows: 

Miss  Crowell  is  head  of  the  Children's  de- 
partment of  the  Trenton  Public  Library,  Miss 

Holmes  assistant  at  the  nsth  Street  branch, 

Miss  Tiemann  first  assistant  at  the  Jackson 

Square  branch,  and  Miss  O'Connor  children's 

librarian  of  the  St.  Gabriel's  Park  branch  of 

the  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Appointments  of  juniors  not  returning  for 

the  diploma  are  as  follows: 

Mary  dej.  Cox  (Mo.),  assistant  in  accounting 
library,  American  Telephone  and  Telegraph 
Co. 

Marguerite  H.  Entler  (Ore.),  assistant,  Pub- 
lic Library,  Portland,  Ore. 

Meta  P.  Harrsen  (Fla.),  assistant,  Central 
Circulation,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Katherine  F.  Isham  (111.),  assistant,  branch 
unassigned,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Werdna  Kellar  (S.  D.),  first  assistant,  Hearst 
Library,  Lead,  S.  Dak. 

Hedwig  Klingelhoeffer  (N.  Y.  City),  assist- 
ant, Ottendorfer  branch,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Ruth  McLaughlin  (111.),  children's  librarian. 
Public  Library,  Jacksonville,  111. 

Olivia  H.  Paine  (N.  Y.  City),  assistant,  Cen- 
tral Circulation,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Mary  E.  Rossell  (N.  Y.  City),  children's  li- 
brarian, St.  George  branch,  N.  Y.  P,  L. 

Ella  G.  Simonds  (Mass.),  librarian,  N.  Y. 
Institution  for  the  Blind. 

Enid  M.  Stafford  (N.  Y.  City),  assistant, 
Traveling  Libraries  Division,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Foster  W.  Stearns  (Mass.),  librarian,  Boston 
Museum  of  Fine  Arts. 

Gertrude  H.  Wilson  (Conn.),  assistant,  Wes- 
leyan  University  Library,  Middletown,  Conn. 
Juniors  returning  for  the  senior  year  have 

been  placed  for  the  year  as  follows: 

Katherine  M.  Christopher  (Mich.),  assistant, 
periodical  room,  Columbia  University  Li- 
brary. 

Azalea  Clizbee  (Bklyn.),  cataloger,  Reference 
department,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Letty  L.  Davis  (N.  J.),  cataloger,  Reference 
department,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Grace  Eatough  (Neb.),  assistant,  Circulation 
department,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Frederick  Goodell  (Mich.),  first  assistant,. 
Hamilton  Fish  Park  branch,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Marian  P.  Greene  (Cal.),  children's  librarian, 
Aguilar  branch,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Anna   M.   Hardy    (Neb.),  teachers'   assistant, 

Library  School,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 
Eleanor    Hitt    (Cal.),    assistant,    Technology 
Division,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Dorothy  G.  Hoyt  (Mich.),  cataloger,  Docu- 
ments Division,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Mary  E.  Jameson  (Mich.),  assistant,  Circula- 
tion department,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 
Florence   Johnston    (Iowa),   assistant,   Circu- 
lation department,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


637 


Keyes  D.  Metcalf  (Ohio),  assistant,  in  charge 
of  stack-rooms,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Amy  C.  Osborn  (N.  Y.),  cataloger,  Docu- 
ments Division,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Martha  C.  Pritchard  (R.  L),  librarian,  High 
School  Library,  White  Plains,  N.  Y. 

Forrest  B.  Spaulding  (Bklyn.),  assistant,  Cir- 
culation department,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Marion  P.  Watson  (N.  J.),  assistant,  Central 
Circulation,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Enid  M.  Weidinger  (N.  J.),  assistant,  Refer- 
ence Order  Division,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Marjorie  L.  Wilson  (Iowa),  assistant,  Refer- 
ence Order  Division,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Gladys  Young  (Iowa),  assistant,  Central  Cir- 
culation, N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Alta  B.  Claflin  (Pratt,  1903),  assistant,  cata- 
loging room  of  Circulation  department,  N. 
Y.  P.  L. 

Elizabeth  O.  Haseltine  (Simmons,  1913),  as- 
sistant, Circulation  department,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Ida  W.  Lentilhon  (Pratt,  1912),  assistant, 
Queens  Borough  Public  Library. 

Louise  Miltimore  (N.  Y.  State,  certificate 
1910),  assistant,  Circulation  department,  N. 
Y.  P.  L. 

Cox,  Mary  de  J.,  of  the  New  York  Library 
School,  June,  1913,  has  been  permanently  ap- 
pointed as  an  assistant  in  the  Accounting 
Library  of  the  American  Telephone  and  Tel- 
egraph Company,  of  which  Miss  Dobbins  is 
librarian. 

The  first  junior  lecture  of  the  term  from  a 
visiting  lecturer  was  by  Mrs.  Mary  Antin 
Grabau,  author  of  "The  promised  land,"  who 
spoke  on  "How  one  book  was  made."  The 
students  had  the  pleasure  of  making  her  ac- 
quaintance later,  at  an  informal  reception. 

The  seniors  in  administration  began  with 
two  lectures  from  Mr.  Herbert  Putnam  on 
"The  constitution  of  a  library"  and  "The  Li- 
brary of  Congress."  At  present  courses  by 
Mr.  F.  W.  Jenkins,  librarian  of  the  School  of 
Philanthropy,  on  "Civic  conditions,"  and  by  the 
director  of  the  library,  on  "Administration," 
are  going  on. 

Seniors  in  the  School  and  college  library 
course  have  had  four  lectures  by  Miss  Marie 
A.  Newberry,  on  "The  normal  school  situa- 
tion," "Training  in  books  in  schools  and  col- 
leges," "Teachers'  institutes,"  and  "Rural 
school  libraries,"  and  two  by  Dr.  A.  S.  Root, 
of  Oberlin,  on  "The  place  of  the  library  in  the 
educational  scheme"  and  on  "Training  in  bib- 
liography in  colleges." 

The  second  of  the  first  series  and  also  of 
the  second  was  attended  by  the  seniors  in  the 
advanced  reference  and  cataloging  course,  who 
are  at  present  doing  work  in  the  reference 
catalog  room  under  the  special  supervision  of 
Miss  Bertha  Eger. 

The  students  attended  in  a  body  the  first 
meeting  of  the  New  York  Library  Club,  at  the 
Botanical  Garden,  Oct.  9. 

The  enrollment  for  the  year  is  as  follows : 


SENIORS 

Katherine  M.  Christopher  (Mich.),  A.B.  Univ. 
Mich.,  1901,  School  and  coll.  course. 

Alta  B.  Claflin  (O.),  grad.  Pratt  Institute  Li- 
brary School,  1903,  Adv.  ref.  and  cat.  course. 

Azalea  Clizbee  (N.  Y.),  Adv.  ref.  and  cat. 
course. 

Herbert  C.  Collar  (Mass.),  A.B.  Dartmouth 
College,  1899,  School  and  coll.  course. 

Letty  L.  Davis   (N.  J.),  A.B.  Smith  College, 

1910,  Adv.  ref.  and  cat.  course. 
Frederick    Goodell     (Mich.),    Administration 

course. 

Marian  P.  Greene  (Calif.),  Administration 
course. 

Minerva  Grimm  (N.  Y.),  Administration 
course. 

Anna  M.  Hardy  (Neb.),  A.B.  Univ.  Nebraska, 
1912,  School  and  coll.  course. 

Elizabeth  A.  Haseltine  (Mass.),  A.B.  Boston 
Univ.,  1908;  Simmons  College,  1913,  Adv. 
ref.  and  cat.  course. 

Eleanor  Hitt  (Calif.),  A.B.  Univ.  Southern 
California,  1911,  School  and  coll.  course. 

Dorothy  G.  Hoyt  (Mich.),  Adv.  ref.  and  cat. 
course. 

May  E.  Jameson  (Mich.),  Adv.  ref.  and  cat. 
course. 

Florence  D.  Johnston  (Iowa),  Administration 
course. 

Ida  W.  Lentilhon  (N.  Y.),  A.B.  Adelphi  Col- 
lege, 1911;  graduate  Pratt  Institute  Library 
School,  1912,  Administration  course. 

Metta  R.  Ludey  (N.  J.),  graduate  Pratt  Insti- 
tute Library  School,  1903,  Administration 
course. 

Keyes  D.  Metcalf  (O.),  A.B.  Oberlin  College, 

1911,  School  and  coll.  course. 

Louise  Miltimore  (N.  Y.),  A.B.  Cornell  Univ., 

1909;  N.  Y.  State  Library  School  certificate, 

Administration  course. 
Amy    C.    Osborn     (N.     Y.),    Administration 

course. 
Martha  C.  Pritchard  (R.  L),  School  and  coll. 

course. 
Forrest  B.  Spaulding  (N.  Y.),    Administration 

course. 
Marion    P.   Watson    (N.   J.),   A.B.   Wellesley 

College,  1911,  Administration  course. 
Enid  M.  Weidinger  (N.  J.),  Adv.  ref.  and  cat. 

course. 
Marjorie   L.   Wilson    (Iowa),   Administration 

course. 
Gladys  Young  (Iowa),  Administration  course. 

JUNIORS 

Pauline  G.  Alexander  (N.  Y.),  graduate  Nor- 
mal College  High  School,  1909. 

Theodore  M.  Ave-Lallemant  (Wis.),  A.B. 
Univ.  of  Wisconsin,  1901. 

May  E.  Baillet  (N.  Y.),  graduate  Newark  High 
School,  1910  (Newark  Pub.  Lib.). 

Gladys  Barnes  (R.  I.),  A.B.  Leland  Stanford 
Univ.,  1911, 

Rachel  H.  Beall  (N.  Y.),  graduate  Van  Wag- 


638 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913* 


enen    Normal    Course    for    Kindergartners, 

1898. 
Evelyn  Bloom  (N.  Y.),  graduate  Normal  Col- 

lege, 1903. 

Elizabeth  H.  Briggs  (Mich.),  graduate  Romeo 
(Mich.)    High    School,    1892    (Detroit   Pub. 

Lib.). 
Jessie  Callan  (Pa.),  graduate  Braddock  (Pa.) 

High    School,    1911    (Carnegie   Lib.,    Brad- 

dock). 
Mabel  Cooper  (Ore.),  A.B.  Univ.  of  Oregon, 

1907. 

Mary  V.  Crenshaw,  Virginia. 
Alma  D.  Custead  (Pa.),  graduate  Erie  (Pa.) 

High  School,  1897. 
Francis  J.  Dolezal,  Missouri  (St.  Louis  Public 

Library). 
Katharine  Esselstyn  (N.  Y.),  April  i,  to  finish 

interrupted  work. 
Italia  E.   Evans    (Ind.),  graduate  Ft.  Wayne 

High  School,  1909  (New  York  Pub.  Lib.). 
Agnes    Fleming    (Iowa),   graduate   St.   Eliza- 

beth's College,  N.  J.,  1911. 
Florence  E.   Foshay    (N.   Y.),   A.B.   Barnard 

College,  1906  (New  York  Pub.  Lib.). 
Beatrice  M.  Freer  (N.  Y.),  graduate  Kingston 

Academy,    N.    Y.,    1911    (New    York     Pub. 

Lib.) 
Marietta  Fuller  (N.  Y.),  A.B.  Smith  College, 


Edith  J.  Hawley,  Connecticut. 

Dollie  B.  Hepburn   (N.  J.),  A.B.  Smith  Col- 

lege, 1913. 
Mar  j  one  H.  Holmes   (Ala.),  graduate  Mont- 

gomery High  School,  1908. 
Frances    Kaercher     (Pa.),    graduate    Ogontz 

Seminary,  1905   (Pottsville  Pub.  Lib.). 
Rose  Kahan    (Wash.),   A.B.  Univ.  Washing- 

ton, 1908. 
Elizabeth    L.    Kamenetzky    (N.    J.),    graduate 

Barringer  High  School,  Newark,  1007. 
Mary  McDonnell    (N.  Y.),  A.B.  College  New 

Rochelle,  1908. 
Alexandra  McKechnie  (Can.),  B.Ph.  Western 

Reserve  Univ.,  1901. 
George  S.  Maynard  (Mass.),  A.B.  Johns  Hop- 

kins Univ.,  1894. 
Dorothy  P.  Miller  (N.  Y.),  graduate  National 

Cathedral  School,  1903. 
Mary  L.  Osborn   (N.   Y.),  graduate  Geneseo 

State  Normal  School,  1911. 
Gertrude  E.   Petty   (O.),  graduate  Thurston- 

Gleim  School,  Pittsburgh,  1911. 
Dorothy  N.  Rogers    (Minn.),  graduate  River 

Falls  (Wis.)  State  Normal  School,  1909  (St. 

Paul  Pub.  Lib.). 
Alice  F.  Rupp  (N.  Y.),  graduate  Horace  Mann 

School,  1906  (New  Rochelle  Pub.  Lib.). 
Irene  E.  Smith  (Ore.),  graduate  Ontario  Nor- 

mal College,  1903. 
Rachel  N.  T.  Stone   (Conn.),  graduate  Hart- 

ford   High    School,    1909    (Hartford    Pub. 

Lib.). 
Fanny  T.  Taber  (Ala.),  graduate  Little  Rock 

High  School,  1905;  student  Univ.  Michigan, 

1905-6  and  1906-7. 


Anne  Thompson  (Conn.),  graduate  Middle- 
town  High  School,  1912  (New  York  Pub. 
Lib.). 

Allan  V.  Tornudd  (Finland),  M.Ph.  Univ. 
Helsingfors,  1913. 

Mignon  R.  Tyler  (N.  J.),  graduate  Rutherford 
(N.  J.)  High  School,  1910  (New  York  Pub. 
Lib.). 

Sophie  A.  Udin  (Pa.),  graduate  Pittsburgh 
Central  High  School,  1913. 

Mary  I.  Weadock  (Mich.),  graduate  Sacred 
Heart  Convent,  1902  (Detroit  Pub.  Lib.). 

Elizabeth  T.  Williams  (Conn.),  graduate  West- 
over  High  School,  Hartford,  1911. 

Mary  E.  Winslow  (Vt.),  Ph.B.  Univ.  Ver- 
mont, 1913. 

Frances  R.  Young  (Fla.),  graduate  Jackson- 
ville High  School,  1908. 

PARTIAL-COURSE    STUDENTS 

Laura  M.  J.  Bertemy  (N.  Y.),  graduate  Morris 

High  School,  1905  (New  York  Pub.  Lib.). 
Edna  B.  Gearhart  (Pa.),  graduate  Danville 

(Pa.)    High  School,  1009   (New  York  Pub. 

Lib.). 
Irma    Gerow    (N.    J.),    graduate    Jersey   City 

High  School,  1906  (New  York  Pub.  Lib.). 
Florence  Normile  (N.  Y.),  graduate  Wadleigh 

High  School,  1910  (New  York  Pub.  Lib.). 
Clara  L.  Overton   (N.  Y.)    (New  York  Pub, 

Lib.). 
Cora  Rabe  (N.  Y.),  graduate  Mt.  Vernon  High 

School,  1909  (New  York  Pub.  Lib.). 
M.  W.  PLUMMER, 
Director  of  Training  School. 

TRAINING   SCHOOL   FOR   CHILDREN'S   LIBRA- 
RIANS—CARNEGIE LIBRARY  OF  PITTSBURGH 

The  Training  School  for  Children's  Libra- 
rians opened  Oct.  i  with  the  following  enroll- 
ment of  students : 

JUNIOR    CLASS 

Mary  Banes,  Metamora,  Ind. 

Alice  Pauline  Burgess,Plano,  111. 

Margaret  Baxter,  Carnegie,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Agnes  M.  Cuffe,  Watertown,  N.  Y. 

Dorothy  Virginia  Forbes,  Franklin,  Pa. 

Celia  Florence  Frost,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Mary  Elizabeth  Fuller,  Sac  City,  Iowa. 

Grace  Nellie  Gilleland,  Bellaire,  Ohio. 

Alice  Rowan  Douglas  Gillim,  Owensboro,  Ky, 

Mary  Benton  Harris,  Carnegie,  Pa. 

Edith  Irene  Groft,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Mary  Hughes,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Veronica  Somerville  Hutchinson,  Cleveland,  O. 

Helen  Edith  McCracken,  Wilkinsburg,  Pa. 

Virginia  McMaster,  Creswell,  O. 

Helen  Martin,  Oberlin,  O. 

Helen  Margaret  Martin,  Jamestown,  Pa. 

Mary  Robinson  Moorhead,  Beaver  Falls,  Pa. 

Marjorie  McCandless  Morrow,  Duluth,  Minn. 

Mary  Caroline  Pillow,  Butler,  Pa. 

Vera  Julia  Prout,  Fairbury,  Neb. 

Mary  D.  Rains,  Clarinda,  la. 

Muriel  Rose    Samson,   Pittsburgh,    Pa. 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


639 


Martha  Josephine  Sands,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Jessie  Gay  Van  Cleve,  Marquette,  Mich. 

SENIOR    CLASS 

Eugenia  Brunot,  Wilkinsburg,  Pa. 

Marie  Louise  Fisher,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Mary  Rariden  Gray,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Mary  Jane  Johnston,  Sheffield,  Ala. 

Adeline  Marie  Macrum,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Clara  May  Mooney,  Scio,  O. 

Edith  R.  Morse,  Round  Hill,  Va. 

Phebe    Girton    Pomeroy,     Colorado    Springs, 

Colo. 
Lida  Byron  Young,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

ALUMNAE  NOTES 

The  school  directory  includes  the  following 

new  addresses : 

Alice  A.  Blanchard,  special  student  1905-1906. 
First  assistant  in  the  Training  School  for 
Children's  Librarians  and  in  the  Children's 
department  of  the  Carnegie  Library  of 
Pittsburgh. 

Bess  Burnham,  class  of  1908.  Supervisor  of 
playground  libraries,  Carnegie  Library  of 
Pittsburgh. 

Martha  Rodes  Carter,  class  of  1913.  Ver- 
sailles, Ky. 

Jane  Lee  Conard,  special  student,  1909.  Li- 
brarian, De  Kalb  Branch,  Brooklyn  Public 
Library,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Gertrude  M.  Edwards,  class  of  1913.  Chil- 
dren's librarian,  Public  Library,  La  Crosse, 
Wis. 

Alice  I.  Hazeltine,  special  student,  1906-1907. 
Librarian  of  branches,  Buffalo  Public  Li- 
brary, Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Laura  F.  Heilman,  class  of  1913.  Children's 
librarian,  New  York  Public  Library,  New 
York  City. 

Ruth  Grosvenor  Hopkins,  class  of  1904.  Head 
of  Children's  department,  Calgary  Public 
Library,  Calgary,  Alberta,  Canada. 

Mary  Kimball  McKnight,  class  of  1912.  El- 
lington, Ct. 

Mabel  Beatrice  Moore,  class  of  1913.  Chil- 
dren's librarian,  Detroit  Public  Library,  De- 
troit, Mich. 

Anna  May  Slease,  class  of  1911.  Instructor, 
History  department,  Franklin  High  School, 
Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Bolette  Sontum,  class  of  1906.  Married 
Charles  Durbon,  June,  1913. 

The  members  of  the  class  of  1914  received 

the  following  appointments : 

Anna  Marie  Anderson,  Lyons,  la.  Children's 
librarian,  Free  Public  Library,  Clinton,  la. 

Edith  Catharine  Canby  Balderston,  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.  Clerk,  Franklin  School,  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa. 

Helen  Marjorie  Beal,  Oneida,  N.  Y.  Chil- 
dren's librarian,  Madison  Public  Library, 
Madison,  Wis. 

Eugenia  Brunot,  Wilkinsburg,  Pa.  Assistant 
children's  librarian,  Carnegie  Library  of 
Pittsburgh. 


Eva  Izora  Cloud,  Kewanee,  111.  Children's  li- 
brarian, Public  Library,  Council  Bluffs,  la. 

Elizabeth  Hoard  Dexter,  Madison,  Wis.  As- 
sistant children's  librarian,  Carnegie  Library 
of  Pittsburgh. 

Edith  Endicott,  Washington,  D.  C.  Children's 
librarian,  Detroit  Public  Library,  Detroit, 
Mich. 

Martha  Elizabeth  English,  Wilkinsburg,  Pa. 
Assistant  children's  librarian,  Carnegie  Li- 
brary of  Pittsburgh. 

Berenice  Jean  Finney,  Washington,  D.  C.  As- 
sistant children's  librarian,  Public  Library  of 
District  of  Columbia,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Dorothy  Flower,  Madison,  Wis.  Children's 
librarian,  New  York  Public  Library,  New 
York  City. 

Mary  Rariden  Gray,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  Assist- 
ant children's  librarian,  Carnegie  Library  of 
Pittsburgh. 

Mildred  Priscilla  Harrington,  Cleveland,  O. 
Assistant  children's  librarian,  Cleveland  Pub- 
lic Library,  Cleveland,  O. 

Mary  Jane  Johnston,  Sheffield,  Ala.  Assistant 
children's  librarian,  Carnegie  Library  of 
Pittsburgh. 

Harriet  Marie  McClure,  Marietta,  O.  Chil- 
dren's librarian,  New  York  Public  Library, 
New  York  City. 

Adeline  Marie  Macrum,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  As- 
sistant children's  librarian,  Carnegie  Library 
of  Pittsburgh. 

Edith  Collins  Moon,  Morrisville,  Pa.  Chil- 
dren's librarian,  Carnegie  Free  Library,  Alle- 
gheny, Pa. 

Edith  R.  Morse,  Round  Hill,  Va.  Librarian, 
Young  Women's  Christian  Association  Li- 
brary, Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Myrtie  Alice  Northrop,  Waterbury,  Ct.  As- 
sistant children's  librarian,  Silas  Bronson 
Library,  Waterbury,  Ct 

Mary  Oxley,  Cedar  Rapids,  la.  Assistant 
children's  librarian,  Public  Library,  Cedar 
Rapids,  la. 

Ruth  Price,  Battle  Creek,  Mich.  Children's 
librarian,  Reuben  McMillan  Free  Library, 
Youngstown,  O. 

Clara  E.  Purdum,  Chillicothe,  O.  Assistant 
children's  librarian,  Carnegie  Library  of 
Pittsburgh. 

Marion  Doyle  Redenbaugh,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Children's  librarian,  Carnegie  Library  of 
Pittsburgh. 

Grace  Shellenberger,  Des  Moines,  la.  Chil- 
dren's librarian,  Public  Library,  Des  Moines, 
la. 

Estella  Slaven,  Austin,  Minn.  Children's  li- 
brarian, Cleveland  Public  Library,  Cleve- 
land, O. 

Mildred  Subers,  Ashbourne,  Pa.  Children's 
librarian,  Apprentices'  Library,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Helen  Sarah  Watson,  Tiffin,  O.  Children's 
librarian,  Seattle  Public  Library,  Seattle, 
Wash. 


640 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


Lida  Byron  Young,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  Assistant 
children's  librarian,  Carnegie  Library  of 
Pittsburgh. 

SARAH  C.  N.  BOGLE, 
Director  of  Training  School, 

LIBRARY  SCHOOL  OF  SYRACUSE  UNIVERSITY 

Prof.  Earl  E.  Sperry,  Ph.D.,  of  the  Liberal 
Arts  Faculty,  has  been  made  director  of  the 
school. 

Miss  Margaret  Emerson,  for  many  years 
Assistant  Professor  of  Library  Economy,  re- 
signed last  June. 

The  courses  in  literature,  formerly  in 
charge  of  Miss  Emerson,  are  now  being 
given  by  the  teachers  in  the  English,  French 
and  German  departments  of  the  College  of 
Liberal  Arts. 

Seventeen  students  have  entered  the  school 
this  fall.  Nine  are  candidates  for  a  degree ; 
eight  for  a  certificate. 

The  degree  students  are: 

Esther  Bogart,  East  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Evelyn    M.   Hart,   Utica,    N.    Y. 

Helen  H.  Hoose,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Irene  M.  Kennedy,  Camden,  N.  Y. 

Frances  B.  Kreupzer,  Morehouseville,  N.  Y. 

Laura  L.  Merriman,  Gouverneur,  N.  Y. 

Anna  E.  Middlekauff,  Hagerstown,  Md. 

Beatrice  E.  Odell,  Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y. 

Hilda  Sandberg,  Willsboro,  N.  Y. 
The  certificate  students  are : 

Louise   Benson,   Westfield,   Ind. 

Anna  E.  Carpenter,  Sunbury,  Pa. 

Lucy  E.  DeGraff,  Amsterdam,  N.  Y. 

Addie  I.  Duprey,  Au  Sable,  Forks,  N.  Y. 

Mary  A.  Fox,  Black  River,  N.  Y. 

Mary  U.  Hyland,   Penn  Yan,  N.   Y. 

Fannie  R.  Sattinger,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Irene  V.  Naful,  Black  River,  N.  Y. 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

Of  the  class  of  1913  Julia  I.  Clush  and 
Helen  C.  MacVean  are  assistants  in  the  Syra- 
cuse University  Library ;  Marguerite  A.  Geer 
and  Florence  M.  Lamb  in  the  Brooklyn  Pub- 
lic Library,  and  A.imee  M.  Peters  in  the  Johns 
Hopkins  University  Library. 

E.  E.  SPERRY. 

THE  WISCONSIN  LIBRARY   COMMISSION 
TRAINING    CLASS 

Seven   students  have  been  admitted  to  the 

new  course  in  legislative  reference  and  public 

service   training  instituted  by   the   Wisconsin 

Library  Commission,  as  follows: 

Blackall,  Mrs.  E.  W.,  New  York  City.     Gen- 

eseo  State  Normal  School  graduate  (4  years 

classical  course)  ;  Simmons  College,  i  year 

(including  library  course)  ;   Alliance  Fran- 

caise,  Paris,  3  months,  supervisor  of  training 

school. 

Cannon,  L.  H.,  Milwaukee,  Wis.  German- 
English  Academy  (Milwaukee),  and  private 
instruction.  Extensive  accounting  and  finan- 
cial experience. 


Davis,  E.  H.,  Lincoln,  Neb.  University  of  Ne- 
braska A.B. ;  assistant,  Nebraska  Legislative 
Reference  Bureau. 

Hochstein,  Irma,  Milwaukee,  Wis.  Milwaukee 
Downer  College  2  years  (scholarship)  ; 
University  of  Wisconsin  A.B. 
McMullin,  Jennie  W.,  Terre  Haute,  Ind.  In- 
diana State  Normal  School  graduate;  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago  (scholarship)  A.B. ;  Uni- 
versity of  Wisconsin  A.M. 
Schatz,  W.  P.,  Chicago,  111.  Milwaukee  Nor- 
mal School  graduate ;  University  of  Wiscon- 
sin Ph.B. ;  Chicago  School  of  Civics  and 
Philanthropy  graduate;  assistant  to  Graham 
Taylor,  director  of  boys'  work,  Lincoln  Cen- 
tre, Chicago. 

Turner,  G.  P.,  Milwaukee,  Wis.  University  of 
Wisconsin  L.  and  S.  course,  3  years ;  Law  i 
year. 

It  has  been  necessary  to  restrict  the  class  to 
those  having  a  previous  training  and  experi- 
ence, together  with  natural  aptitude  and  per- 
sonal qualities,  which  fit  them  for  this  kind  of 
work.  The  authorities  were  therefore  under 
the  necessity  of  rejecting  the  applications  of 
several  persons  who  did  not  come  fully  up  to 
the  requirements.  The  nature  of  the  work  is 
indicated  by  the  following: 

Library  science.  All  of  these  students  are 
at  present  taking  in  full  the  three  fundamental 
courses:  classification,  cataloging,  and  refer- 
ence, including  not  only  the  lectures  and  con- 
ferences, but  also  at  first  all  of  the  practice 
work.  Later  some  of  the  regular  practice  work 
which  is  not  so  directly  applicable  to  legislative 
reference  work  will  be  omitted,  in  order  to 
give  opportunity  for  more  extended  supple- 
mentary practice  in  the  legislative  reference 
library.  In  all  these  courses  the  instruction 
given  to  the  other  library  school  students  will 
be  supplemented  by  special  instruction  and 
practice  as  to  legislative  and  municipal  refer- 
ence material. 

University  courses.  Each  student  is  also 
taking  at  least  seven  hours  per  week  of  ad- 
vanced work  in  the  University  of  Wisconsin. 
The  courses  taken  include  legislation,  party 
government,  elementary  law,  constitutional  law, 
labor  problems,  trust  and  monopolies. 

Research  work.  '  As  was  anticipated,  several 
departments  of  the  state  government  have 
made  application  to  the  commission,  asking 
that  students  be  delegated  to  do  special  inves- 
tigational  work  for  them.  The  Wisconsin  In- 
dustrial Commission  has  asked  (i)  for  a  study 
of  the  minimum  wage  in  reference  to  housing 
standards  and  also  from  the  particular  view- 
point of  the  regulation  of  woman  and  child 
labor ;  and  (2)  for  an  investigation  of  the  reg- 
ulation of  humidity  in  factories  and  workshops 
and  its  relation  to  the  efficiency  of  the  worker. 
Those  subjects  have  been  assigned  respectively 
to  Mr.  Cannon  and  Miss  Hochstein. 

The  State  Board  of  Public  Affairs  has  asked 
(i)  for  a  careful  study  of  certain  specific  co- 
operative industries  actually  operating  in  Wis- 


November,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


641 


consin;  (2)  for  a  study  of  cooperative  credit, 
both  in  relation  to  short  time  loans  and  more 
permanent  land  mortgages;  (3)  for  an  investi- 
gation of  the  whole  subject  of  a  central  board 
of  control  for  all  state  educational  institutions. 
These  three  subjects  have  been  assigned  to  Mr. 
Turner,  Miss  McMullin  and  Mr.  Schatz. 

The  secretary  of  the  Governors'  Conference 
has  asked  for  an  analytical  compilation  of  the 
existing  statutes  regulating  trusts  and  monop- 
olies, bringing  up  to  date  earlier  compilations 
and  organizing  later  material.  This  work  has 
been  assigned  to  Mr.  Davis. 

The  State  Board  of  Public  Affairs  has  asked 
for  a  similar  compilation  of  statutes  relative 
to  mortgage  taxation.  This  piece  of  work  has 
been  assigned  to  Mrs.  Blackall  and  Mr.  Can- 
non. 

f  It  is  to  be  noted  in  this  connection  that  these 
pieces  of  work  must  be  done  under  conditions 
which  are  practical  rather  than  scholastic, 
since  the  results  are  for  actual  use  by  the  state 
departments  and  must  conform  to  certain  ad- 
ministrative standards,  must  be  accomplished 
within  a  given  time,  and  must  be  such  as  to 
meet  the  approval  of  the  board  asking  that  the 
work  be  done. 

The  Legislative  Reference  Library  has  on 
file  also  a  request  for  an  analysis  of  regula- 
tions and  methods  applied  in  the  detention  of 
accused  prisoners,  with  particular  reference  to 
their  protection  against  loss.  This  work  has 
been  assigned  to  Mrs.  Blackall. 

Research  work  will  also  be  done  during  the 
year  on  the  following  subjects:  the  pay  of 
state  legislators,  municipal  home  rule,  bibliog- 
raphy of  material  in  accessible  libraries  rela- 
tive to  the  white  slave  question  (for  the  use 
of  the  special  legislative  commission  created  by 
the  last  legislature  for  investigation  of  the  sub- 
ject), -the  investigation  of  certain  phases  of 
mothers'  pensions  and  the  care  of  dependent 
children  at  home  (in  connection  with  a  special 
investigation  by  the  State  Board  of  Control), 
the  efficiency  of  state  departments,  a  study  of 
state  printing  in  regard  to  the  elements  of  time, 
cost  and  quality;  investigation  of  the  actual 
interest  rates  on  different  kinds  of  loans ;  com- 
parative data  as  to  boards  of  efficiency  and 
economy  in  other  states. 

It  is  evident  that  there  will  be  no  lack  of 
practical  problems  on  which  the  students  of 
this  special  course  may  spend  their  time  and 
gain  expert  knowledge  both  as  to  method  and 
subject.  All  of  the  work  is  carefully  super- 
vised through  weekly  reports  as  to  the  time 
spent  and  the  subject  matter  covered. 

Lectures.  The  special  lectures  by  leaders  in 
library  administration  in  special  library  work 
and  in  other  fields  from  outside  the  city  and 
state  will  be  unified  and  correlated  by  frequent 
class  conferences  with  the  lecturers  and  with 
instructors.  The  work  covers  the  whole  two 
university  semesters  and  the  summer  session, 
and,  in  some  cases,  the  completion  of  the  in- 
vestigational  work  may  require  time  reaching 
beyond  that  period. 


LIBRARY   SCHOOL    OF    THE    UNIVERSITY    OF 
WISCONSIN 

The  eighth  year  of  the  school  opened 
Sept.  24,  with  an  enrollment  of  43  students, 
taxing  the  capacity  of  the  room  to  the  fullest 
extent.  The  increase  of  seven  in  the  regis- 
tration is  due  to  the  new  course  in  Library  Ad- 
ministration and  Public  Service  Training 
offered  this  year  for  the  first  time,  and  which 
is  fully  explained  elsewhere  in  this  issue. 
Following  a  pleasant  custom,  the  preceding 
class  greeted  the  incoming  students  with 
flowers,  placing  a  red  carnation  on  each  desk. 

The  registration  of  43  gives  30  students  in 
the  class  of  1914,  6  in  the  class  1915  (juniors 
taking  the  joint  course  with  the  College  of 
Letters  and  Science)  and  7  in  the  course  for 
Public  Service  Training.  There  are  represen- 
tatives from  13  states  and  Canada.  Of  these  19 
are  from  Wisconsin,  5  from  Illinois,  4  from 
Michigan,  3  from  Iowa,  3  from  New  York, 
and  one  each  from  California,  Minnesota, 
Missouri,  Nebraska,  Ohio  Pennsylvania,  Tex- 
as, Wahington  state,  and  Canada.  Fourteen 
of  the  class  are  college  graduates,  one  with  a 
master's  degree,  two  will  receive  the  bachelor's 
degree  in  June,  1914;  six  are  juniors  in  the 
University  and  twelve  have  had  from  one  to 
three  years  of  college  training ;  34  of  the  class, 
therefore,  have  the  college  point  of  view. 
Twelve  come  to  the  work  with  library  ex- 
perience, ranging  from  one  to  eleven  years  in 
paid  positions;  three  have  had  from  six 
months  to  a  year  of  apprentice  work,  while 
the  remaining  number  met  the  requirement 
of  one  month's  apprentice  service  in  an  ap- 
proved library. 

Some  slight  rearrangements  have  been  made 
in  the  curriculum.  The  course  in  Bookbuying 
has  been  transferred  to  the  first  semester,  fol- 
lowing the  work  in  Trade  Bibliography.  The 
study  in  Children's  Literature  has  been  more 
closely  correlated  with  the  Book  Selection 
course,  and  the  evaluation  of  the  different 
classes  in  juvenile  literature,  such  as  history, 
biography,  travel,  etc.,  follows  those  of  the 
adult  books.  This  change  brings  part  of  the 
course  in  Children's  work  in  the  first  semester. 

The  faculty  assignments  for  the  first  semes- 
ter are  as  follows : 
Miss  Hazeltine — Reference  work. 
Miss   Carpenter — Trade  bibliography. 
Miss    Turvill — Cataloging,    Classification,    and 

Library  economy. 
Miss  Bascom — Book  selection. 
Miss  Humble — Children's  literature  and  Loan 

administration. 
Miss  Frederickson — Reviser. 

The  work  of  the  opening  week  has  pro- 
ceeded without  interruption.  On  Friday,  Oct. 
10  a  "mixer"  was  given  for  the  faculty  and 
students  by  Miss  Hazeltine. 

ALUMNI  NOTES 

The  following  promotions  and  changes  have 
occurred  since  the  last  report: 

Mary  E.  Bechaud,  '07,  was  married  in 
August  to  Mr.  Ralph  H.  Steffen,  Madison. 


642 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


Ella  V.  Ryan,  '07,  has  joined  the  catalog- 
ing staff  of  the  Wisconsin  Historical  Library. 

Marion  Weil,  '07,  was  married  Oct.  I  to 
Dr.  John  W.  Tappan,  El  Paso,  Texas. 

Florence  C.  Farnham,  '09,  has  been  appoint- 
ed cataloger  in  the  Superior  (Wis.)  Public 
Library. 

Ruth  Knowlton,  '09,  is  in  the  Racine  (Wis.) 
Public  Library,  serving  as  acting  children's 
librarian. 

Julia  A.  Robinson,  '09,  has  been  appointed 
secretary  of  the  Iowa  Library  Commission, 
succeeding  Miss  Alice  S.  Tyler. 

Lotta  Fleek,  '10,  has  joined  the  staff  of  the 
Portland  (Ore.)  Library  Association.  She 
has  been  librarian  to  Pendleton  (Ore.)  since 
graduation. 

Bettina  Jackson,  '10,  is  doing  special  cata- 
loging for  the  Extension  Division  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Wisconsin. 

Corina  Kittelson,  '10,  has  a  position  as 
cataloger  in  the  State  Library  at  Topeka, 
Kansas. 

Retha  Bergold,  'n,  became  assistant  library 
clerk  in  the  office  of  the  Wisconsin  State 
Superintendent  of  public  instruction  on  Oct. 
i.  Miss  Bergold  secured  the  position  through 
civil  service  examination,  resigning  as  cata- 
loger in  the  Superior  (Wis.)  Public  Library, 
to  accept  the  position. 

Susan  W.  Boehnken,  '12,  and  Elizabeth 
Eckel,  '12,  both  spent  the  summer  abroad. 
Miss  Eckel  will  spend  a  year  at  home,  St. 
Joseph,  Mo. 

Mary  Hicks,  '12,  has  accepted  a  position  in 
the  Cincinnati  (O.)  Public  Library. 

Sadie  P.  Wykes,  '12,  assistant  cataloger  in 
the  State  University  Library,  Columbia,  Mo., 
resigned  to  accept  a  position  in  the  Grand 
Rapids  (Mich.)  Public  Library. 

The  following  appointments  complete  the 
list  for  the  Class  of  1913: 

Gertrude  Aiken,  branch  librarian,  Cleveland 
Public  Library. 

Hazel  E.  Askey,  assistant  cataloger,  Iowa 
State  Teacher's  College,  Cedar  Falls. 

Dorothy  B.  Ely,  assistant,  Wisconsin  His- 
torical Library. 

Francis  C.  Sawyer,  reference  assistant,  Pub- 
lic Library,  Edmonton,  Canada. 

Elizabeth  Tiffy,  assistant  in  charge  of  seri- 
als, University  Library,  Austin,  Texas. 

May  Westgate,  assistant,  Newberry  Library, 
Chicago. 

Harriet  Kidder,  Summer  School,  1913,  be- 
comes assistant  in  the  University  Library, 
Missoula,  Mont. 

Ada  Nelson,  Summer  School,  1913,  will  be 
assistant  cataloger  at  the  Grinnell  (Iowa) 
College  Library. 

CLASS  OF  1914 

Gladys  May  Andrews,  Escanaba,  Mich.,  B.  A. 
Lawrence  College;  two  years  assistant  Kel- 
logg Public  Library,  Green  Bay,  Wis ;  Short 
Course  of  the  Wisconsin  Library  School, 
1909. 


Jessie  Williams  Bingham,  Chicago,  £11.,  six 
months  assistant  Chicago  Public  Library. 

Jessie  Robina  Brown,  San  Diego,  Cal.,  six 
years  assistant  San  Diego,  Public  Library. 

Martha  Beckford  Burt,  Owego,  N.  Y. 

Agnes  Mary  Clancy,  Racine,  Wis.,  two  years 
Notre  Dame  College,  Baltimore,  Md. ;  six 
months  apprentice  Racine  Public  Library. 

Ferae  Lina  Congdon,  Delavan,  Wis.,  senior  in 
the  University  of  Wisconsin. 

Blanche  Mildred  Conn,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  one 
year  University  of  Rochester,  N.  Y. ;  two 
years  assistant  Buffalo  Public  Library. 

Fannie  Edith  Cox,  Madison,  Wis.,  B.  A.  Uni- 
versity of  Wisconsin. 

Valeria  Easton,  Columbia,  Mo.,  two  years  Uni- 
versity of  Missouri;  three  years  assistant 
Sedalia  (Mo.)  Public  Library;  four  months 
assistant  Library  of  the  University  of  Mis- 
souri. 

Alice  Milner  Emmons,  Detroit,  Mich.,  eleven 
years  assistant  librarian  Detroit  Central 
High  School;  Summer  Session  of  the  Wis- 
consin Library  School,  1912. 

Verna  Margaret  Evans,  Winfield,  Kansas, 
three  years  librarian  Southwestern  College, 
Winfield,  Kansas. 

Esther  Friedel,  Jefferson,  Wis.,  one  year  Rock- 
ford  College. 

Louise  Carol  Grace,  Detroit,  Mich.,  five  years 
assistant  Detroit  Public  Library. 

Mary  Griffin,  Burlington,  Iowa.,  two  years 
Saint  Clara  College,  Sinsinawa,  Wis. ;  one 
year  apprentice  Burlington  Public  Library. 

Doris  Mary  Hanson,  El  Paso,  Tex.,  nine 
months  apprentice  El  Paso  Public  Library. 

Ethel  Agnes  Hedenbergh,  Sioux  City,  Iowa, 
two  years  National  Park  Seminary,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Lottie  Nell  Ingram,  Hoquiam,  Wash.,  one  year 
assistant  Hoquiam  Public  Library. 

Alma  Boynton  Jacobus,  Albert  Lea,  Minn.,  B. 
S.  Albert  Lea  College. 

Mary  Bell  Kimball,  Green  Bay,  Wis.,  two 
years  University  of  Wisconsin. 

Agnes  King,  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  B.  A.  Univer- 
sity of  Iowa. 

Anne  Elizabeth  Kjellgren,  Rockford,  111.,  Ph. 
B.  Milwaukee-Downer  College;  one  year 
graduate  study  University  of  Wisconsin. 

May  Chance  Lewis,  Madison,  Wis.,  one  and 
one-half  years  University  of  Wisconsin ; 
one  year  assistant  Madison  Free  Library. 

Florence  Deborah  Love,  Decatur,  111.,  three 
years  University  of  Illinois;  two  years  as- 
sistant Decatur  Public  Library. 

Georgia  Lutkemeyer,  Jacksonville,  111.,  A.  B. 
Illinois  Women's  College,  Jacksonville ;  three 
years  assistant  Jacksonville  Public  Library. 

Catharine  Helen  McGoyern,  Cedarburg,  Wis., 
B.A.  University  of  Wisconsin. 

Mary  Louise  Marshall,  Carbondale,  111.,  one 
year  each  Illinois  Woman's  College,  Jack- 
sonville, and  Southern  Illinois  Normal  Uni- 
versity. 

Ruth  Catherine  Rice,  Madison,  Wis.,  senior  in 
the  University  of  Wisconsin. 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


643 


Kathryn  Sharp,  New  Philadelphia,  Ohio,  two 
years  University  of  Wisconsin. 

Julia  Carson  Stockett,  Calgary,  Alberta,  Cana- 
da, B.A.  Wellesley  College. 

Callie  Wieder,  West  Branch,  Iowa,  B.A.  Uni- 
versity of  Iowa. 

CLASS  OF  1915 
All  juniors  in  the  University  of  Wisconsin. 

Rachel  Angvick,  Ashland,  Wis. 

Marion  Virginia  Baker,  Madison,  Wis. 

Leona  Letitia  Clark,  Portage,  Wis. 

Helen  Esther  Farr,  Eau  Claire,  Wis. 

Nina  Fieldstad,  Waupun,  Wis. 

Lila  Anna  Muench,  Ben  Avon,  Pa. 

UNIVERSITY    OF    WISCONSIN  LIBRARY 
SCHOOL— SUMMER    SESSION. 

The  i8th  Summer  Session  of  the  Library 
School  of  the  University  of  Wisconsin  opened 
June  21  and  ended  Aug.  i.  Thirty-two  stu- 
dents were  enrolled  for  the  course,  represent- 
ing the  following  states:  Wisconsin,  n;  Illi- 
nois, 5;  Oklahoma,  3;  Utah,  2;  California,  2; 
and  one  each  from  Colorado,  Indiana,  Iowa, 
Michigan,  Missouri,  North  Dakota  and  Tenn- 
essee. 

The  session  has  proved  most  satisfactory  in 
results.  The  course  is  planned  to  meet  the 
needs  of  the  librarians  of  small  public  and 
school  libraries,  and  to  give  the  elements  of 
library  technique  to  assistants  who  are  unable 
to  take  the  full  year's  course  of  study.  The 
course  in  Cataloging,  conducted  by  Miss  Car- 
penter, consisted  of  twenty  lectures  with  two 
to  three  hours  of  practice  work  for  each.  At 
its  completion  each  student  had  made  a  small 
dictionary  catalog  of  more  than  a  hundred 
books,  selected  to  illustrate  the  rules  necessary 
for  the  average  library.  The  course  in  Loan 
administration,  covered  in  six  lectures,  and 
Children's  work,  seven  lectures,  were  given  by 
Miss  van  Buren  during  the  first  two  weeks. 
In  the  second  week  the  study  of  the  Decimal 
classification  was  begun.  Twelve  lectures  were 
given  by  Miss  Turvill,  and  the  classifying  of 
twenty  titles  was  required  after  each  lecture. 
Practice  in  assigning  book  numbers  was  also 
required. 

The  course  in  Reference  work,  covering 
eighteen  lessons,  commenced  upon  Miss  Hazel- 
tine's  return  from  the  A.  L.  A.  conference.  The 
students  were  assigned  practical  problems  and 
search  questions  prepared  to  show  the  evalua- 
tion of  reference  books,  as  an  introduction  to 
the  study  of  this  subject.  In  Book  selection  a 
different  plan  was  followed,  the  general  prin- 
ciples of  selection  being  given  in  lectures  by 
Miss  Hazeltine,  with  a  series  of  seminaries  in 
which  each  student  prepared  and  gave  a  review 
of  any  book  she  desired,  following  the  evalua- 
tion of  the  type  discussed  in  lectures.  Lectures 
and  demonstrations  were  given  in  binding, 
mending,  and  mechanical  preparation.  Ap- 
proved methods  for  accession,  shelflist,  with- 
drawal, serial  and  gift  records  were  explained 
and  problems  assigned.  An  effort  was  made  to 


correlate  closely  the  study  of  trade  bibliography 
and  editions  with  book  selection  and  ordering. 

The  course  is  by  no  means  limited  to  tech- 
nical problems,  but  the  attempt  was  made  to 
convey  in  as  great  a  degree  as  possible  the  in- 
spiration which  comes  from  a  broader  con- 
ception of  library  work  as  an  important  edu- 
cational factor  in  the  community.  This  was 
done  by  lectures  on  library  extension  and  pub- 
licity by  members  of  the  faculty  and  prominent 
library  workers  who  consented  to  address  the 
school.  The  following  special  lectures  were 
given : 
The  study  of  the  community,  Miss  Julia  A. 

Hopkins,  instructor,  Pratt  Institute,  Brook- 
lyn. 
Ideals  and  culture  in  library  work,  Mr.  Adam 

Strohm,  librarian,  Detroit  Public  Library. 
Making  a  librarian,  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern,  editor, 

Public  Libraries. 
A   library   survey,    and   The   library  militant, 

Miss  L.  E.  Stearns,  Wisconsin  Free  Library 

Commission. 
Current   sociological   material,    Mr.   Dudgeon, 

director  of  the  school. 
The  work  of  the   A.   L.   A.,    Mr.   George  B. 

Utley,  secretary  of  the  A.  L.  A. 

The  special  lectures  and  recreations  planned 
for  the  students  of  the  University  Summer 
School  were  enjoyed  by  the  class,  who  were 
invited  to  share  th,em.  These  included  lectures 
by  Prof.  Thomas  Woods  Stevens  on  engrav- 
ing and  printing,  lectures  on  journalism  by 
Prof.  W.  G.  Bleyer,  and  others,  and  perform- 
ances of  the  Ben  Greet  Players  and  of  the 
Wisconsin  Dramatic  Society  on  the  open-air, 
stage. 

Miss  Carpenter  and  Miss  van  Buren  enter- 
tained the  class  at  a  lawn  party  one  evening 
during  the  first  week.  On  the  Fourth  of  July 
the  faculty  planned  a  picnic  for  the  students 
at  Turvillwood.  Upon  the  occasion  of  Mr. 
Strohm's  visit,  a  dramatic  reading  of  Sheri- 
dan's rivals  was  given  at  the  home  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Dudgeon.  Dr.  Thwaites,  Mr.  Ewing, 
Prof.  Goodnight,  Prof,  and  Mrs.  Beatty,  Mr. 
Glazier,  Miss  Carpenter,  Miss  Morgan  and  Mr. 
Dudgeon  took  part.  The  students  especially 
enjoyed  this  social  gathering  with  its  enter- 
tainment. Miss  Hazeltine  invited  the  students 
and  a  number  of  townspeople  to  meet  Miss 
Ahern  and  Miss  Winifred  Robinson,  of  Vassar 
College,  the  acting-dean  of  women  for  the 
Summer  Session  of  the  University,  at  an  in- 
formal tea  in  the  rooms  of  the  school  on 
Thursday  afternoon,  July  24. 

As  a  mark  of  their  interest  in  the  work,  and 
appreciation  of  the  results  for  them,  the  sum- 
mer class  presented  the  school  at  the  close  of 
the  course  with  a  dozen  and  a  half  cut  glass 
sherbet  glasses. 

The  registration  of  the  class  was  as  follows : 
Eleanor  J.  Adams,  assistant,  Rosenberg  Public 

Library,  Galveston,  Texas. 
Gertrude  M.   Andrews,  junior  assistant,  Chi- 
cago Public  Library. 


644 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


Lillian  G.  Barhydt,  McClelland  Public  Library, 
Pueblo,  Colo. 

Catherine  E.  Blair,  assistant,  Watertown 
(Wis.)  Public  Library. 

Martha  J.  Brown,  children's  librarian,  St.  Jo- 
seph (Mo.)  Public  Library. 

Ruby  Canton,  librarian,  Normal  School  Li- 
brary, Edmond,  Okla. 

Pearl  E.  Crawford,  assistant,  University  Pre- 
paratory School  Library,  Tonkawa,  Okla. 

Josephine  F.  Devereux,  reference  librarian,  Salt 
Lake  City  (Utah)  Public  Library. 

Mabel  E.  Epley,  assistant,  New  Richmond 
(Wis.)  Public  Library. 

Angela  B.  Ferris,  children's  librarian,  Salt 
Lake  City  (Utah)  Public  Library. 

Katherine  Gray,  assistant,  Beloit  (Wis.)  Pub- 
lic Library. 

Kathryn  H.  Hayter,  librarian,  Shawano  (Wis.) 
Public  Library. 

Helen  Hopkins,  librarian,  Rutherford  Parks 
Library,  Lebanon,  Tenn. 

Florence  L.  Hurst,  assistant,  Los  Angeles 
(Cal.)  Public  Library. 

Franc  S.  Judd,  substitute,  Rockford  (111.) 
Public  Library. 

Harriet  L.  Kidder.  assistant,  Legislative  Refer- 
ence Library,  Madison,  Wis. 

Margaret  Lawrence,  instructor  and  assistant 
librarian,  Tabor  College,  Tabor,  Iowa. 

Jennie  W.  McMullin,  graduate  student,  Uni- 
versity of  Wisconsin. 

Gertrude  Mallory,  assistant,  Los  Angeles 
(Cal.)  Public  Library. 

LOS   ANGELES    LIBRARY    TRAINING    CLASS 

Fifteen  students  started  their  work  in  the 
training  class  of  the  Public  Library  Oct.  i. 
The  class  is  composed  of  those  successfully 
passing  the  examination  for  entrance  held  last 
June.  Mrs.  Theodora  Brewitt  is  principal  of 
the  school,  and  will  teach  some  of  the  major 
courses.  She  is  a  graduate  of  the  University 
of  Wisconsin  Library  School. 

The  course  is  eight  months  long.  Members 
of  the  class  are  Edith  May  Church,  Miss  Cool- 
idge,  Gladys  M.  Crowe,  Paula  E.  Dunnigan, 
Carrie-Bell  Garnett,  Minnie  F.  Gullickson, 
Jean  Huddleston,  Lulu  Leah  Littlejohn,  Anna 
Rusche,  Jeannie  T.  Shute,  Clara  Louise  Sports, 
Rose  Edith  Taylor,  Charlotte  Thomas,  Ruth 
Ann  Waring,  and  Rhoda  Williams. 

1Re\>iews 

DEWEY,  Melvil.  Decimal  classification  and  rel- 
ative index  for  libraries,  clippings,  notes,  etc. 
Ed.  8.  By  Melvil  Dewey,  M.A.,  LL.D.  Lake 
Placid  Club,  N.  Y.,  Forest  Press,  1913.  48, 
[466],  473-795,  [12]  P-  2$y2  cm.,  $6. 

BORDEN,  W.  A.  Scheme  of  classification  for 
the  libraries  of  Baroda  State  (India).  By 
William  Alanson  Borden.  Baroda,  printed 
at  the  "Lakshmi  Vilas"  Press  Co.,  Ltd.,  1911. 
2+84  p.  2^/2  cm. 


BORDEN,  W.  A.  Comparative  study  of  the  Ba- 
roda Expansive  and  Decimal  classifications 
(first    and    second    divisions).    By    William 
Alanson    Borden.     Baroda,   printed   at   the 
Baroda  Printing  Works,  1911.     10  p.  25  cm. 
The  seventh  edition  of  the  Decimal  classifi- 
cation  was    reviewed   at    some   length   in   the 
LIBRARY  JOURNAL  of  September,  1911    (y.  36: 
477-80).     This  notice  of  the  eighth  edition  is 
a  supplement  to  the  earlier  review,  and  chiefly 
takes  note  of  additions  furnished  by  the  pres- 
ent edition  over  its  immediate  predecessor. 

It  must  at  once  be  confessed  that  the  offer- 
ing is  slight — too  slight,  it  would  seem,  fully 
to  entitle  this  to  be  called  a  new  edition  or  to 
expect  the  faithful  to  buy  copies  at  the  good, 
stiff  price  at  which  it  is  published — especially 
if  they  already  possess  the  seventh.  Of  course, 
the  larger  libraries  that  use  the  D.  C.  will  feel 
that  they  must  have  each  issue  called  a  new 
edition.  Some  of  them  may  think  they  are 
justified  in  grumbling  when  they  find  out  how 
little  new  matter  this  one  contains  and  to 
wonder  whether  the  ninth  edition,  announced 
for  early  publication,  will  really  prove  to  be 
thoroughly  up-to-date,  and  thus  in  harmony 
with  the  earlier  traditions  of  the  D.  C.,  or  will 
be  only  another  makeshift  edition,  like  the 
seventh  and  eighth. 

The  author  in  his  special  preface  to  this  edi- 
tion enumerates  the  classes  that  have  been  ex- 
panded. The  new  matter  in  tables  makes  about 
24  pages ;  the  new  index  entries  have  added  18 
pages.  Class  320,  Political  science,  has  been 
increased  by  6l/2  pages,  and  the  work,  for  the 
most  part,  seems  to  be  very  well  done.  In  the 
process  the  tables  for  class  324.3,  Woman  suf- 
frage, as  well  as  324.4-9,  seem  to  have  been 
omitted  from  the  book.  This  at  least  is  true 
not  only  in  the  case  of  the  copy  sent  for  re- 
view, but  also  in  the  copyright  deposit  copies 
consulted  at  the  Library  of  Congress.  This 
blemish  calls  forcible  attention  to  the  fact  that 
the  pages  including  the  classification  tables  in 
this  edition  (as  in  earlier  ones)  are  unnum- 
bered, so  that  it  is  impossible  to  collate  and 
thus  be  absolutely  sure  that  a  given  copy  of 
the  classification  is  complete  and  perfect.  In 
view  of  the  importance  of  the  question  of 
woman  suffrage  at  present,  it  seems  strange 
to  have  the  subject  represented  in  this  edition 
only  in  the  index,  especially  when  the  general 
subject  of  suffrage  is  so  well  and  fully  ampli- 
fied. Class  331,  Labor  and  capital,  is  expanded 
by  two  pages,  with  places  for  child  labor,  the 
minimum  wage  and  profit  sharing.  Class  369 
has  a  slight  addition  in  369.4  for  young  peo- 
ple's societies,  including  Boy  Scouts  and  Camp- 
fire  Girls.  Class  623.8,  Naval  architecture  and 
shipbuilding,  is  expanded  from  mere  mention 
to  an  entire  page;  624,  Bridges,  roofs  and  via- 
ducts, from  54  page  to  1^/2  pages;  625,  Rail- 
roads and  road  engineering,  from  %  Pa&e  to 
2  pages.  By  the  way,  624.9,  Roofs,  is  omitted 
from  the  tables,  though  "Roofs"  appears  in 
the  index.  At  last  an  entire  page  for  Aeronau- 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


645 


tics,  629.13,  is  added,  and  there  is  now  a  place 
for  Automobiles,  629.2,  though  this  class  has 
not  been  expanded.  Agriculture,  630,  has  at 
length  received  some  very  much  overdue  at- 
tention, being  expanded  from  y2  page  to  3 
pages.  This  is  by  no  means  adequate  to  the 
requirements,  so  that  no  doubt  many  libraries 
will  fall  back  on  the  fuller  classifications  of 
the  subject  that  already  have  wide  use.  Can- 
adian libraries  will  welcome  the  6-page  expan- 
sion of  971,  Canada  and  British  America. 
Places  have  been  provided  for  the  administra- 
tions of  Presidents  McKinley,  Roosevelt  and 
Wilson  in  973-9I-9I3-  One  more  state,  Cali- 
fornia (979-4),  is  provided  with  local  history 
subdivisions. 

_  In  view  of  the  expansions  of  the  present  edi- 
tion one  is  surprised  not  to  find  in  the  index 
any  of  the  following  subject  references:  em- 
ployers' liability,  workingmen's  compensation, 
scientific  management,  industrial  efficiency,  dry 
farming,  conservation  of  forests.  In  spite  of 
the  large  literature  on  the  subject  of  motion 
pictures  it  has  no  specific  mention  in  the  tables 
or  index.  The  review  of  the  seventh  edition 
enumerated  the  following  subjects  as  in  "cry- 
ing need  of  expansion"  :  624-627,  630,  651,  652, 
654,  656-659,  710,  730-770  and  790.  The  fore- 
going record  shows  that  of  these  only  624,  625, 
630  have  had  any  attention  in  this  edition. 

Mr.  Borden's  book  and  pamphlet  are  of 
much  interest,  as  reflecting  his  remarkable  work 
in  carrying  American  library  ideas  and  meth- 
ods to  the  Indian  state  of  Baroda  while  direc- 
tor of  state  libraries  there.  His  scheme  of 
classification  may  be  described  as  a  "mild 
blend"  of  the  D.  C  and  the  E.  C,  in  which 
the  letters  of  the  alphabet  (in  part  following 
the  E.  C.)  form  the  primary  divisions.  Each 
main  class  is  subdivided  by  added  decimals 
and  Dr.  Dewey's  subdivisions  are  very  gen- 
erally followed.  Mr.  Borden's  reason  for 
adopting  this  plan  is  that  "Mr.  Dewey  has  too 
few  divisions  in  his  initial  classification  and 
Mr.  Cutter  too  many  in  his  subsequent  ones. 
I  have  tried  to  steer  between  them."  Mr. 
Borden  also  has  a  table  of  author  numbers,  by 
the  use  of  which  as  decimals  a  book  that  stands 
in  the  shelf  in  its  numerical  order  also  appears 
in  its  alphabetical  author  order. 

In  Mr.  Borden's  "Comparative  study  of  the 
Baroda,  Expansive  and  Decimal  classifications" 
the  tables  of  the  D.  C.  and  E.  C  are  regrouped 
beside  the  Baroda  classification  "for  the  use 
of  the  students  of  the  Baroda  Library  School." 
GEORGE  F.  BOWERMAN. 

HICKS,  Frederick  C.  Aids  to  study  and  use  of 
law  books;  a  selected  list,  classified  and  an- 
notated, of  publications  relating  to  Law  Lit- 
erature, Law  Study  and  Legal  Ethics.  I2mo. 
120  pp.  New  York,  Baker,  Voorhis  &  Co., 


The  title  of  this  book  well  conveys  the  in- 
tent and  purpose  thereof,  but  gives  no  hint 
of  the  great  richness  in  a  little  space  to  be 


found  therein.  From  the  table  of  contents 
we  learn  that  the  following  subjects  are 
treated  of  in  addition  to  what  we  sometimes, 
narrowly  perhaps,  call  legal  bibliography: 
legal  terminology,  text-books  and  treatises, 
case  law,  statutes  and  session  laws,  law  col- 
lections in  the  United  States.  In  addition 
there  are  chapters  on  law  study,  legal  biblio- 
graphy; how  and  where  to  find  your  law,  and 
legal  ethics. 

This  is  the  first  book  to  take  up  in  a 
scientific  manner  the  subject  of  a  key  to 
modern  law  bibliography  and  it  does  this  in  a 
masterly  way.  The  divisions  are  and  must 
be  arbitrary,  but  most  of  us  will  agree  that 
they  are  well  made  and  the  lines  well  drawn. 
Books,  periodical  articles,  separates  and  bar 
reports  are  given  as  sources  of  information. 
Most  law  libraries  have  some  of  these  sources 
and  the  larger  law  libraries,  those  having 
from  25,000  volumes  up,  possess  all  or  nearly 
all  of  them.  It  is  interesting  and  profitable 
to  note  that  the  line  of  legal  study  goes  all 
the  way  back  to  Dugdale. 

The  chapters  are  all  so  well  written  that 
it  is  hard  to  select  any,  but  we  must  notice  a 
few  of  them,  with  no  idea  that  we  are  slight- 
ing the  others. 

No.  3,  Legal  Bibliography,  as  is  stated  in  the 
introduction,  aims  to  give  only  the  most  im- 
portant, the  earliest  being  Bridgeman's  Short 
View,  1807,  and  the  latest  being  the  monthly 
lists  of  public  documents  and  state  publi- 
cations. Between  these  two,  in  some  thirty- 
two  different  items,  are  included  the  more 
important  bibliographies,  and  to  paraphrase 
Scripture,  happy  is  the  library  which  has  its 
shelves  full  of  them. 

The  chapters  on  Legal  Terminology  and 
Legal  Abbreviations  are  no  less  important 
and  are  the  first  successes  in  this  line,  not 
attempts,  for  they  are  decidedly  successes.  No 
library  is  so  small  but  it  has  some  of  these 
sources;  they  may  not  be  brought  out  in  any 
catalog,  but  this  list  is  better  than  a  catalog, 
for  it  is  a  short  bibliography  of  each  subject. 
The  chapter  on  Case  Law  is  not  a  list  of  Case 
Books,  but  using  the  term  in  a  wider  sense, 
has  a  list  of  books  and  articles  on  reports, 
their  abbreviations,  history  and  intricacies. 
Here  we  find  mentioned  the  admirable  articles 
of  Mr.  Feazle  on  Ohio  Reports,  and  Mr. 
Hewitt's  first  paper  on  Pennsylvania  Side 
Reports.  We  hope  that  these  articles  may 
be  followed  by  others  on  Delaware,  New 
Jersey  and  New  York  Reports,  not  to  men- 
tion North  and  South  Carolinas  and  Virginia, 
whose  jurisdiction,  courts  or  reports,  or  all 
three  are  more  or  less  mixed  to  most  of  us. 

The  ordinary  legal  history,  as  usually  writ- 
ten, sheds  but  little  light  on  the  courts  as 
such  and  none  whatever  on  their  authority 
and  the  various  reports,  being  largely  bio- 
graphical in  their  character  and  not  written 
scientifically.  The  part  of  this  chapter  de- 
voted to  British  and  Colonial  Reports,  besides 
the  older  authorities  like  Wallace,  gives  lists 


646 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


of  the  later,  some  of  which  must  be  found  in 
every  library.  The  list  of  places  where  the 
regnal  years  of  British  monarchs  may  be 
found  is  one  of  the  most  helpful  in  the  book, 
and  the  lists  on  Session  Laws  are  also  illumi- 
nating, showing  the  good  work  done  by  the 
Massachusetts  State  Library,  in  its  list  of 
domestic  and  foreign  session  laws. 

The  chapters  on  law  collections  in  the 
United  States  and  on  legal  ethics  close  the 
work  and  are  followed  by  a  full  index  of  16 
pages,  each  paragraph  being  indexed.  This 
work  will  be  useful  not  alone  in  law  libraries, 
but  also  in  public  libraries,  showing  as  it 
does  the  sources  of  our  law  and  jurisprudence. 
To  conclude,  the  work  is  most  excellent  in 
its  scope  and  has  been  admirably  carried  out, 
and  the  old,  and  perhaps  trite  saying,  "Infi- 
nite riches  in  a  little  room,"  adequately  de- 
scribes the  work. 

Like  all  law  books  it  is  well  printed,  is  on 
good  paper  and  has  a  plain  cloth  binding. 

G.  E.  WIRE. 


ant)  IRews 


THE  Board  of  Education  of  New  York  City 
has  placed  the  high  school  librarians'  maximum 
salary  after  ten  years  of  service  at  $2000. 

UNDER  the  rule  of  the  Iowa  State  Board  of 
Education,  colleges  and  universities  of  the  first 
class  must  have  a  library  of  15,000  volumes. 
In  order  to  secure  the  additional  4000  volumes 
required  to  allow  Coe  College,  of  Cedar 
Rapids,  Iowa,  to  remain  in  the  first  class,  they 
are  asking  friends  for  book  donations.  Their 
requests  are  not  general  but  specific.  Standard 
size  cards  bearing  the  author,  title,  publisher 
and  price  of  some  one  book  desired  are  sent 
out,  accompanied  by  a  circular  letter  explaining 
the  plan  and  emphasizing  the  library's  need. 

FOR  the  anniversary  papers  by  colleagues 
and  pupils  of  George  Lyman  Kittredge,  the 
Library  of  Harvard  University  has  prepared 
printed  catalog  cards  covering  each  of  the  46 
contributions.  Sets  of  these  cards  were  dis- 
tributed free  to  the  subscribers  to  the  Harvard 
printed  cards.  A  few  extra  sets  can  be  had  by 
libraries  which  have  bought  the  book  and  de- 
sire to  enter  each  paper  separately  in  their  card 
catalogues  by  sending  60  cents  to  the  librarian 
of  Harvard  University,  Randall  Hall,  Cam- 
bridge, Mass. 

Atlanta,  Ga.  The  Uncle  Remus  branch  of 
the  Carnegie  Library  was  formally  opened  on 
Sept.  18.  The  ladies  of  the  Uncle  Remus 
Memorial  Association  offered  the  Library 
Board  a  room  in  the  Harris  Memorial  Home 
for  the  use  of  the  library,  and  the  prospects 
point  to  a  most  successful  branch  library.  A 
feature  will  be  made  of  the  Saturday  afternoon 
story  hour,  at  which  only  tales  from  Uncle 
Remus  will  be  told. 


Aurora,  Minn.  The  Aurora  council  has 
passed  an  ordinance  providing  for  a  public 
library. 

Bakersileld,  Cal.  A  new  branch  of  the  Kern 
County  Free  Library  was  established  by  Clara 
C.  Fields,  librarian.  This  is  the  eighteenth 
branch  in  the  county  of  Kern,  and  will  be 
in  charge  of  Miss  Ellen  Kelly. 

Boscawen,  N.  H.  Ihe  library  erected  by 
Benjamin  A.  Kimball  and  the  late  John  Kim- 
ball,  of  Concord,  and  Frank  L.  Gerrish,  of 
Boscawen,  was  presented  to  the  town  in  Sep- 
tember. The  address  of  the  occasion  was 
given  by  Rev.  Arthur  Little,  of  Newton,  Mass. 

Carmel,  N.  Y.  A  new  library  will  be  erected 
by  Mrs.  Reed,  as  a  memorial  to  her  husband, 
the  late  William  B.  Reed.  The  building  is  to 
be  of  native  stone,  and  will  be  constructed  by 
the  Miller  Reed  Company,  of  which  Mr.  Reed 
was  a  member. 

Columbus,  Kan.  A  public  library  costing 
$10,000  was  dedicated  Sept.  25.  An  associa- 
tion of  women  have  maintained  a  library  for 
a  quarter  of  a  century,  giving  the  public  its 
privileges  for  nominal  cost.  Through  efforts 
of  the  association  a  Carnegie  endowment  was 
secured  and  a  tax  levied  to  maintain  it. 

Coalinga,  Cal.  Plans  for  the  $20,000  Car- 
negie library  for  Coalinga  have  been  completed 
by  Swartz,  Hotchkin  &  Swartz,  of  this  city. 
The  building  will  be  of  brick,  one  story  in 
height  and  a  basement  of  the  usual  type  of 
small  modern  libraries.  The  main  floor  will 
contain  a  loaning  and  receiving  room,  a  chil- 
dren's room,  an  adults'  room,  a  periodical 
room  and  the  offices.  The  basement  will  be 
fitted  up  with  an  assembly  hall  and  a  club 
room. 

Detroit,  Mich.  The  Edwin  F.  Conely 
branch  of  the  Detroit  Carnegie  Library  was 
dedicated  Sept.  15. 

Fort  Fairfield,  Me.  The  formal  opening 
and  dedication  of  the  new  Carnegie  Library 
took  place  on  Sept.  8. 

Fresno,  Cal.  Ground  was  broken  Sept.  24 
for  the  Kern  branch  of  the  Beale  Memorial 
Library. 

Glendale,  Cal.,  is  to  have  a  new  $10,000  Car- 
negie library. 

Havre  de  Grace,  Md.  The  new  Forest  Hill 
Library  is  now  open  to  the  public. 

Huntington  Beach,  Cal.  Architect  E.  L. 
Hopkins  has  completed  plans  for  the  $10,000 
Carnegie  library  building  to  be  erected  at 
Huntington  Beach.  It  will  be  a  one-story  and 
basement  structure. 

Jackson,  Miss.  Ground  has  been  purchased 
at  the  cost  of  $8000  for  the  new  Jackson  Car- 
negie Library,  and  work  will  begin  imme- 
diately. 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


647 


Knoxville,  III.  The  Knoxville  Public  Library 
opened  Sept.  27,  after  being  closed  for  two 
months  for  repairs.  Miss  Jessie  Collins  has 
been  appointed  librarian. 

La  Mesa,  Cal.  A  unique  method  was  em- 
ployed to  secure  the  first  books  for  a  new 
library.  An  entertainment  was  given  for  which 
the  price  of  admission  was  one  book.  In  this 
way  420  books  were  taken  in  at  the  door. 

Maiden,  Mass.  The  Maplewood  branch  of 
Maiden  Public  Library  opened  Oct.  i,  and  will 
be  in  charge  of  Miss  Alice  A.  Kimball. 

Milwaukee,  Wis.  A  story-telling  hour  with 
a  phonograph  as  the  story  teller  is  an  innova- 
tion introduced  at  the  South  Division  Library 
in  this  city.  Aesop's  fables,  popular  historical 
tales  and  children's  stories  are  among  the  ones 
used.  The  records  are  made  by  Mary  Faulk- 
ner, whose  success  as  a  professional  story 
teller  for  children  led  tc  her  engagement  with 
a  well-known  phonograph  company. 

Newark,  N.  J.  Dr.  Jonathan  Ackerman 
Coles  offers  to  donate  a  site  for  an  art  museum 
and  $1000  toward  the  construction  of  a  build- 
ing, providing  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  New- 
ark Museum  Association  obtain  an  additional 
$50,000. 

New  York  City.  Uncertainty  as  to  what 
they  are  to  do  with  $100,000  now  payable  by 
the  terms  of  the  will  of  J.  Hood  Wright,  who 
died  in  1894,  led  Mrs.  Mary  R.  Wright,  the 
widow,  and  John  Markle,  as  executors  and 
trustees  under  the  will,  to  file  suit  in  the  Su- 
preme Court  for  the  instructions  of  the  court. 
The  parties  to  the  suit  are  J.  P.  Morgan  &  Co. 
and  the  New  York  Public  Library.  One  hun- 
dred thousand  dollars  was  to  be  paid  to  the 
Washington  Heights  Free  Library  on  condition 
that  it  continued  to  maintain  a  free  circulating 
library  in  the  Washington  Heights  section. 
The  Free  Library  was  taken  over  by  the  New 
York  Public  Library  in  1901,  one  of  the  con- 
ditions of  the  transfer  of  the  library  property 
being  that  a  free  library  was  to  be  continued 
on  Washington  Heights.  The  executors  want 
to  know  whether  the  $100,000  is  now  payable 
to  the  New  York  Public  Library,  since  the 
beneficiary  has  ceased  to  exist. 

New  York  P.  L.  Five  new  branches  of  the 
New  York  Public  Library,  in  course  of  con- 
struction will  be  opened  by  Jan.  i.  George  L. 
Rives,  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of 
the  library,  stated  to  the  budget  committee  of 
the  Board  of  Estimate  that  $816,015.50  will  be 
needed  in  the  next  year  to  maintain  forty-two 
branches,  the  traveling  library  system  and  the 
library  work  for  the  blind. 

New  York  P.  L.  In  response  to  a  demand 
by  Chinese  readers  for  books  in  their  own  lan- 
guage 100  volumes  on  various  subjects  were 
recently  received  by  the  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary from  China.  The  books  were  turned 


over  to  the  branch  at  no.  33  East  Broadway, 
the  superintendent  of  which,  Miss  M.  Begerie, 
made  a  request  for  the  volumes  about  one 
year  ago,  when  the  order  was  sent  to  China. 

North  Adums,  Mass.  The  contract  for  the 
erection  of  the  new  Miller  annex,  which  is  to 
be  added  to  the  Memorial  Library  building, 
was  awarded  to  H.  C.  Wood  &  Co. 

Nutley,  N.  J.  A  Carnegie  library  is  being 
erected  near  the  high  school. 

Oroville,  Cal.  The  new  Carnegie  library 
opened  Nov.  5,  in  charge  of  Miss  Ida  Reagan. 

Ferris,  Cal.  The  new  library,  opened  Sept. 
23,  will  be  in  charge  of  Mrs.  Clara  Caskey. 

Reading,  Pa.  Three  branches  of  the  Public 
Library  are  to  be  established  in  the  northeast- 
ern, southeastern  and  northwestern  sections  of 
the  city. 

Rochester,  N.  Y.  The  formal  opening  of 
the  new  Genesee  branch  of  the  public  library 
took  place  Oct.  i. 

Sharon,  Kan.  A  public  library  is  now- 
opened,  the  building  haying  recently  been  com- 
pleted. 

Somerville,  Mass.  The  new  $125,000  Car- 
negie library  on  Central  Hill  will  be  dedicated 
about  Nov.  i.  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie  is  ex- 
pected to  be  present. 

Springfield,  Mass.  Fred  T.  Ley  &  Co.  has 
been  awarded  the  contract  for  the  new  $25,848 
Memorial  Square  Branch  Library,  and  it  is  ex- 
pected the  building  will  be  ready  for  occupancy 
by  March  i,  1914. 

Springfield,  Mass.  Former  President  Wil- 
liam Howard  Taft  was  given  the  honor  of  de- 
livering the  dedicatory  address  at  the  exer- 
cises in  the  new  library  of  the  International 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  College,  which  took  place  Oct.  18. 

Stanford  University,  Cal.  The  cornerstone 
of  the  Stanford  University  $500,000  library, 
which  was  destroyed  in  the  1906  earthquake, 
was  recovered  by  workmen,  and  will  be  used 
in  the  constructing  of  the  new  library. 

Stockbridge.  Mass.  Miss  Caroline  P.  Wells, 
who  has  been  librarian  of  the  Stockbridge 
Public  Library  for  31  years,  has  resigned. 

Stroudsburg,  Pa.  The  dedication  exercises 
of  the  Barrett  Friendly  Library  took  place  on 
Sept.  14. 

Tomah,  Wis.  A  convention  of  librarians  of 
all  northern  Wisconsin  cities  and  towns  was 
held  during  September  in  the  Superior  Library, 
for  the  purpose  of  organizing  the  librarians 
into  the  Lake  Superior  Library  Association. 

Utica,  N.  Y.  Miss  C.  E.  Aldrick,  of  New- 
ton, Mass.,  has  been  appointed  to  take  charge 
of  Children's  department  of  Utica  Library,  in 
place  of  Miss  Higgins,  who  recently  resigned. 


648 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


ALLEN,  Helen,  librarian  of  the  Washington 
Public  Library,  Ind.,  has  resigned  and  has 
been  succeeded  by  Miss  Mary  Waller. 

BARKER,  Anna  W.,  has  been  appointed  as- 
sistant librarian  of  the  Woburn  (Mass.)  Pub- 
lic Library. 

BISBEE,  Prof.  Marvin  Davis,  librarian  of 
Dartmouth  College  from  1886-1910  and  direc- 
tor of  the  library  of  the  Chicago  Theological 
Seminary,  Illinois,  from  1910-1912,  died  at 
Sebago  Lake,  Maine,  on  Aug.  28,  1913. 

BLACK,  Susie  E.,  has  resigned  as  librarian  of 
the  West  End  (Chester,  Pa.)  Free  Library. 

BRAINARD,  Mrs.  Cynthia  T.,  has  resigned  her 
position  as  book  critic  of  the  Waterloo  libra- 
ries, Iowa. 

BOYD,  Emma,  formerly  librarian  of  Paris, 
111.,  has  been  appointed  librarian  at  Clinton 
Ind.,  to  succeed  Miss  Mamie  Martin,  who 
will  attend  the  N.  Y,  State  Library  School 
this  winter. 

BROWNE,  Mary,  who  for  the  past  four  years 
has  been  connected  with  the  Children's  depart- 
ment of  New  York  Public  Library,  resigned 
her  position  on  Sept.  i,  to  take  charge  of  the 
Oakland  City  and  the  Uncle  Remus  branches 
of  the  Carnegie  Library  of  Atlanta,  Ga. 

DICKINSON,  Asa  Don,  late  of  the  Brooklyn 
Public  Library,  has  just  published  a  book 
called  "Children's  book  of  Christmas  stories." 
These  stories  are  well  saturated  with  the 
Christmas  spirit,  and  will  be  enjoyed  by  older 
children,  as  well  as  the  younger.  The  libra- 
rian will  find  it  of  value  at  holiday  season. 

DOWNEY,  Elilia,  has  resigned  as  assistant  li- 
brarian of  the  Muncie  (Ind.)  Public  Library, 
and  has  accepted  a  position  in  the  Indianapolis 
Public  Library. 

ELLIOTT,  Mrs.  E.  T.  An  item  in  the  October 
number  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  noting  the 
appointment  of  Mrs.  Elliott  as  librarian  of  the 
Galesburg  (111.)  Library,  was  an  error. 

FRENCH,  Wales,  has  been  elected  librarian 
of  the  Public  Library  of  Brockton,  Mass.,  to 
fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Miss  M.  Alice  Burn- 
ham,  deceased. 

HADLEY,  Helen,  has  been  elected  librarian 
at  Mooresville,  Ind.,  to  succeed  Mrs.  Sarah 
S.  Edwards,  who  resigned  to  continue  her 
course  in  Indiana  University. 

HANNAH,  Mrs.  Sarah,  who  for  the  past 
thirteen  years  has  been  librarian  of  the  Public 
Library  at  Theresa,  N.  Y.,  has  resigned  and  is 
succeeded  by  Miss  Nellie  Bear. 

HARDY,  Mrs.  Ella,  an  assistant  librarian  at 
Harvard  College,  Mass.,  was  stricken  with 
heart  failure  on  Oct.  5,  and  died  before  med- 
ical assistance  could  be  summoned. 


HENRY,  Prof.  Samuel  I.,  librarian  of  the 
Public  Library  of  Wyomissing,  Pa.,  has  re- 
signed. Miss  Alice  Reeder  has  been  appointed 
to  fill  the  vacancy. 

HINE,  Mrs.  Shelley,  has  resigned  as  libra- 
rian of  the  Fort  Wayne  Public  Library,  Ind. 

HORNE,  Grace,  librarian  of  the  Hartford 
City  Public  Library,  Ind. ;  began  work  as  an 
assistant  in  the  Traveling  Library  Department 
of  the  Public  Library  Commission  Oct.  i. 

HUBER,  Kate  D.  has  resigned  her  position 
as  librarian  of  the  Frankfort  Public  Library, 
Ind.,  and  will  attend  the  Wisconsin  Library 
School. 

KENNEDY,  Helen  B.,  has  been  appointed  as- 
sistant of  the  West  Hoboken  Free  Library,  to 
fill  the  vacancy  left  by  the  resignation  of  Miss 
Jeannette  Nolan. 

KNAPP,  Winnifred,  has  been  appointed 
cataloger  at  the  Indiana  University. 

LARNED,  Josephus  N.  The  funeral  of  Jo- 
sephus  N.  Larned,  formerly  head  of  the  Buf- 
falo Public  Library,  was  held  on  Monday, 
Aug.  18,  at  Forest  Lawn.  Rev.  John  W.  Ross, 
pastor  of  the  Calvary  Presbyterian  Church, 
officiated.  The  services  were  held  in  the 
chapel  of  the  crematory  on  West  Delavan 
avenue.  Earlier  in  the  morning  services  were 
held  at  the  family  home  at  Lane  End, 
Orchard  Park,  for  the  convenience  of  friends 
and  neighbors.  The  body  then  was  brought 
to  Buffalo  and  taken  to  the  crematory,  where 
a  large  number  of  Buffalonians,  prominent  in 
the  intellectual  life  of  the  city,  gathered  to  pay 
their  last  respects  to  Mr.  Larned. 

PEAY,  Keats,  librarian  of  the  Harrisburg 
(Pa.)  Free  Library,  died  at  his  home  Sept.  20. 

RICH,  Jacob,  who  was  president  of  the  board 
of  the  Carnegie-Stout  Free  Library,  Dubuque, 
la.,  died  on  Sept.  n.  To  him  is  due  the  credit 
of  inaugurating  the  movement  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  free  library.  He  was  president 
of  the  Young  Men's  Library  Association,  and 
under  his  leadership  devised  and  carried 
through  a  plan  for  converting  the  association 
into  a  free  library  for  the  benefit  of  the  city. 

SANDERS,  Dora  L.,  who  has  been  assistant 
librarian  of  Vanderbilt  University,  Nashville, 
Tenn,  since  1905,  has  been  appointed  librarian. 

SANDERS,  Carolyn,  has  been  appointed  as- 
sistant librarian  of  Vanderbilt  University, 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

STARBIRD,  Mrs.  Kate,  elected  librarian  of 
the  new  library  in  Oxford,  Mass. 

STUMPS,  Gladys,  has  been  made  librarian 
of  the  new  Public  Library  at  South  Whitley, 
Ind. 

THAYER,  Maude,  who  for  the  past  seventeen 
years  has  been  first  assistant  librarian  of  the 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


649 


State  Library,  111.,   has   resigned,   in  view  of 
her  approaching  marriage. 

THOMPSON,  John,  librarian  of  the  Free 
Library  of  Philadelphia,  received  from 
Ursinus  College,  Collegeville  Pa.,  on  Oct.  7, 
the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Literature. 

TIDD,  Hazel  B.,  has  resigned  from  the  staff 
of  the  Woburn  Public  Library,  and  has  ac- 
cepted the  position  of  first  assistant  librarian 
of  the  Deborah  Cook  Sayles  Public  Library  of 
Pawtucket,  R.  I. 

TILLINGHAST,  William  H.,  assistant  librarian 
at  Harvard  college,  died  on  Aug.  22  at  his 
home,  27  Everett  street,  Cambridge.  Mr. 
Tillinghast  was  a  native  of  New  Bedford, 
Mass.,  and  attended  the  Friends'  academy  at 
this  city,  the  old  Adams  academy  at  'Quincy, 
and  received  his  A.  B.  from  Harvard  in  1877. 
He  took  a  course  at  the  University  of  Berlin 
from  1878  until  1880.  In  1882  Mr.  Tillinghast 
was  appointed  as  an  assistant  in  the  library 
of  Harvard  College,  and  a  few  years  later 
was  made  assistant  librarian  there.  He  was 
the  editor  of  the  Quinquennial  Catalogue  of  the 
college  in  1885,  1890  and  1895,  and  in  1884 
translated  and  enlarged  Ploetz's  "Epitome  of 
Universal  History."  He  was  a  member  of 
the  American  Historical  Association,  the 
American  Library  Association,  and  the  Cam- 
bridge Historical  Society. 

Voss,  Anna,  has  been  appointed  librarian  of 
the  school  and  public  libraries  of  Ravena,  N.  Y. 

WEEKS,  Ella  F.,  has  been  appointed  librarian 
at  Sandwich,  N.  H.,  to  succeed  Miss  Isabel 
Forbush. 

<3ifts  ant)  Bequest* 

Abingdon,  III.  John  Mosser  has  donated 
land  and  $10,000  for  a  public  library. 

Belief 'ontaine,  O.  E.  H.  Rickett  has  been 
awarded  the  contract  for  the  new  $15,000 
public  library,  gift  of  Dr.  Earl  S.  Sloan,  of 
Boston. 

Boston,  Mass.  An  alumnus  of  Brown  Uni- 
versity whose  name  has  been  withheld  has 
just  made  a  gift  of  $15,000  to  the  university 
library  for  the  more  complete  cataloging  of  the 
general  works  of  history,  which  comprise  near- 
ly half  of  the  books  in  the  library  collection. 

Cleveland,  O.  Mayfield  is  to  have  a  new 
$35,ooo  library,  the  gift  of  John  D.  Rockefeller. 

Corning,  Cal.t  has  received  $10,000  from  the 
Carnegie  Corporation,  for  the  building  of  a 
new  library. 

Denver,  Colo.  The  erection  of  the  four  new 
branch  libraries  was  made  possible  by  a  gift 
of  $80,000  from  Andrew  Carnegie. 

Detroit,  Mich.  The  formal  opening  of  the 
Magnus  Butzel  branch  library  took  place  Oct. 


13.  The  library  contains  5000  volumes  and 
will  be  in  charge  of  Miss  Alice  H.  C  Wright, 
formerly  of  the  Hosmer  branch,  Detroit  Public 
Library. 

Evansville,  Ind.  The  George  Graul  Con- 
tracting Company  was  awarded  the  contract 
for  building  the  colored  Carnegie  library. 

Lakeville,  Mass.,  has  received  $5000  from  An- 
drew Carnegie  for  the  building  of  a  new 
library. 

Lamed,  Kan.  By  the  will  of  the  late  Dr. 
Cummins  the  city  receives  $28,000  for  a  public 
library  building.  The  building  is  under  way, 
the  plan  being  to  use  the  ground  floor  for  of- 
fices, the  rental  to  be  used  for  library  mainte- 
nance. 

Little  Falls,  N.  Y.  The  Fort  Plain  Public 
Library  received  $2000  by  the  will  of  the  late 
Homer  N.  Lockwood. 

New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  Rutgers  College  has 
recently  received  the  libraries  of  the  late  Mans- 
field L.  Hillhouse  and  that  the  late  Anthony 
Dey. 

Newport,  R.  I.  Rev.  Dr.  Roderick  Terry  is 
to  give  an  additional  room  to  the  Redwood 
Library  as  a  memorial  to  his  father-in-law,  the 
late  Henry  Marquand.  The  Redwood  Library 
was  formed  as  a  private  club  in  1730,  and  is 
now  one  of  the  best  equipped  libraries  in  Rhode 
Island.  The  new  room  will  be  in  the  Perry 
alcove,  which  was  constructed  from  a  gift  by 
the  late  Mrs.  Gardner  Blanchard  Perry  of 
$50,000. 

New  York.  Mr.  J.  Harsen  Purdy  has  pre- 
sented to  the  Public  Library  his  splendid  col- 
lection of  engravings  by  William  Faithorne, 
which  has  been  on  exhibition  at  the  library 
during  the  summer,  and  is  still  on  view.  The 
exhibition  has  been  visited  by  large  numbers 
of  people,  and  has  created  a  great  deal  of 
interest.  It  is  a  matter  of  congratulation,  that 
after  tne  exhibition  is  over,  the  collection  will 
remain  permanently  available,  in  the  library's 
division  of  prints,  for  students  of  graphic  arts. 
Collections  of  Faithorne's  work  are  not  com- 
mon, and  the  present  one,  remarkable  in  its 
extent,  as  well  as  in  rich  quality  of  impres- 
sions, would  be — to  speak  conservatively — most 
unusual  even  in  England.  Faithorne  is  an 
important  figure  in  the  annals  of  line  engrav- 
ing on  copper  in  Great  Britain.  Influenced 
by  the  example  of  the  French  engravers, 
Mellan  and  Nanteuil,  he  yet  found  a  force  of 
expression  that  was  both  individual  and 
national.  His  activity  extended  from  the 
reign  of  Charles  I,  through  the  Common- 
wealth, into  that  of  Charles  II,  and  in  his 
portraits  the  great  figures  of  that  time  pass 
before  us — royalty,  nobles,  courtiers,  states- 
men, jurists,  divines,  poets,  musicians — bring- 
ing with  them  a  wealth  of  associated  ideas. 

Providence,  R.  I.  The  library  of  Dr.  Adrian 
Scott,  Brown  1872,  formerly  associate  profes- 


650 


7 HE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


sor  of  Germanic  languages  and  Scandinavian 
at  Brown  University,  has  been  presented  to  the 
university  library  by  his  class.  It  contains 
about  looo  volumes,  chiefly  linguistic  and  lit- 
erary. 

Southboro,  Mass.,  is  to  have  a  free  Public 
Library,  known  as  the  Robinson  Memorial 
Library,  according  to  the  will  of  Mrs.  Char- 
lotte R.  Robinson. 

Wallingford,  Conn.  By  the  will  of  Milton 
Rembert,  the  Library  Association  of  Walling- 
ford received  $500. 

Washington,  N.  Y.  The  Fort  Plain  Public 
Library  receives  $2000  by  the  will  of  the  late 
Homer  N.  Lockwood. 

Winchendon,  Mass.  The  dedication  exer- 
cises of  the  new  Beals  Memorial  Library  were 
held  on  Sept.  30.  Charles  L.  Beals,  a  resident 
of  Winchendon,  presented  the  town  with  $25,- 
ooo  for  a  library  building  and  land  valued  at 
$5000.  W.  F.  Gregory,  of  the  Boston  publish- 
ing house  of  Lothrop,  Lee  &  Shepard,  deliv- 
ered an  address. 

Winchester,  Ky.  The  contract  for  the  erec- 
tion of  the  new  Carnegie  library  was  awarded 
to  N.  A.  Powell.  The  sum  of  $15,000  was 
donated  by  Andrew  Carnegie  on  condition 
that  a  similar  sum  be  raised  by  popular  sub- 
scription as  an  endowment  fund. 

Worcester,  Mass.  The  three  public  libra- 
ries, costing  $75,000,  presented  to  the  city  by 
Andrew  Carnegie,  are  nearly  ready  for  occu- 
pancy. 

Xtbcarp  fteports 

Bristol,  (Conn.)  P.  L.  C.  L.  Wooding,  Ibn. 
(Rpt. — yr.  ending  July,  1913.)  Accessions 
3429;  total  volumes  in  library  23,922.  Circu- 
lation 88,534.  Total  registration  3767;  439  of 
this  number  issued  from  the  Forestville  branch. 
Expenditures  $6236.63. 

Brewer  (Me.)  P.  L.  Alice  F.  Sawyer,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.— yr.  ending  Oct.  13,  1913.)  Accessions 
300;  total  volumes  in  library  3345.  Circulation 
13,723.  New  registration  121;  total  796.  Re- 
ceipts $1200.25 ;  expenditures  $1033.99. 

Chattanooga  (Tenn.)  P.  L.  Margaret  Dun- 
lap,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  Sept.  30,  1913.) 
Accessions  4627 ;  total  volumes  in  library  30, 
223.  Circulation  103,293,  an  increase  of  27,816 
over  last  year.  Of  this  number  15,673  was  cir- 
culated from  county  branches  and  class-room 
collections.  Total  registration  9669. 

Cleveland  (O.)  P.  L.  William  H.  Brett, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — 1912.)  Total  accessions  80,979. 
Circulation  2,557,897.  Total  registration  36,- 
922.  Receipts  $358,543.88;  expenditures  $369,- 
965-23, 

Books  are  distributed  for  home  use  through 


469  different  agencies.  These  include  Main 
Library,  9  large  branches,  13  smaller  branches, 
6  high  school,  i  normal,  and  8  grade  school 
branches,  2  children's  room,  Library  for  Blind, 
29  deposit  and  40  delivery  stations,  260  class- 
room libraries,  45  of  which  are  in  parochial 
and  special  schools,  and  56  .home  libraries.  The 
six  high  school  branches  have  a  total  circula- 
tion of  49,030,  reference  153,541. 

The  total  juvenile  circulation  for  the  year 
was  1,092,301,  an  increase  of  58,178.  Juvenile 
new  registration  13,210;  total  54,041. 

Hamburg  (N.  Y.)  F.  L.  Amanda  C.  Mi- 
chael, Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912-13.)  Accessions 
127;  total  volumes  in  library  2500.  Circulation 
8431 ;  juvenile  1783.  New  registration  181 ; 
total  970.  Receipts  $546.67;  expenditures 
$492.02. 

Helena  (Mont.)  P.  L.  Josephine  M.  Haley, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — 1912.)  Accessions  2098;  total 
number  of  volumes  in  library  45,395.  Circula- 
tion 63,551.  New  registration  783;  total  6,124. 
Receipts  $12,898.93;  expenditures  $11,191.54. 

Le  Roy  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  Katherine  Cameron, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Accessions  209;  total 
volumes  in  library  3391.  Circulation  6800. 
New  registration  120;  visitors  to  the  library 
7580.  Magazines  loaned  400. 

Nashville  (Tenn.)  Vanderbilt  University  L. 
Dora  Sanders,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Acces- 
sions 1295;  total  volumes  in  library  18,298. 
Circulation  15,255. 

The  library  received  two  valuable  collec- 
tions this  past  year.  Gen.  G.  P.  Thurston  left 
his  private  library  of  mo  volumes  to  estab- 
lish a  memorial  collection  in  honor  of  his  son, 
who  was  an  alumnus  of  the  university.  Dr. 
William  J.  Vaughn,  for  many  years  librarian 
as  well  as  professor  of  mathematics,  be- 
queathed his  private  collection  of  6000  vol- 
umes. On  May  20  Andrew  Carnegie  gave  the 
university  $1,000,000  for  the  use  of  the  Medical 
department.  Of  this  sum  $200,000  is  for  erect- 
ing new  laboratories. 

New  Haven,  Conn.  Yale  Univ.  L.  John  C. 
Schwab,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — 1912-13.)  Accessions 
33>°99>  Inter-library  loans  show  steady  in- 
crease :  138  volumes  were  borrowed  during  the 
year  from  41  libraries  and  245  lent  to  30  libra- 
ries. The  Wheeler  Library  of  Roman  Law  was 
increased  during  the  year  by  an  addition  of  562 
volumes,  614  pamphlets ;  collection  now  num- 
bers 3790  books,  7005  pamphlets.  The  Law 
Library  accessioned  883  volumes,  bringing  total 
number  of  volumes  in  library  to  36,980,  and 
10,444  pamphlets.  Expenditures  for  the  year 
$73,611.10. 

New  Haven  (Conn.}  F.  P.  L.  Willis  K. 
Stetson,  Ibn.  (Rpt— yr.  1912.)  Total  circu- 
lation 405,401.  Total  registration  22,391.  Re- 
ceipts $40,959.07;  expenditures  $40,622.14. 

The  number  of  books  cataloged  5000.  The 
circulation  from  the  branches  was  as  follows: 


November,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


651 


main  library  318,772;  Lowell  branch  8243; 
Westville  branch  24,960;  Fair  Haven  19,516; 
school  32,000;  other  deposit  stations  2000.  To- 
tal circulation  of  children's  room  was  100,841. 
Total  attendance  for  the  story  hour  gatherings 
2243. 

Newport  (R.  I.)  Redwood  L.  Richard  Bliss, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912-13.)  Accessions  3056; 
total  volumes  in  library  58,165.  Circulation 
11,881. 

Norwich  (Conn,)  Otis  L.  Miss  Imogene  A. 
Cash,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  Aug.  31,  '13.) 
Accessions  mi;  total  volumes  in  library,  38,- 
429.  Circulation  97,803.  Total  registration 
25,367.  Receipts  $10,733.79;  expenditures  $10,- 
466.96. 

Phoenixville,  (Pa.)  Elmira  W.  Penny- 
packer,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  July,  1913.) 
Accessions  366.  Total  volumes  in  library  10,- 
063.  Circulation  27,110.  Total  registration 
1,974.  Receipts  $2,153.43;  Expenditures  $2,- 
042.78. 

Port  Huron  (Mich.)  P.  L.  Katharyne  Sle- 
neau,  Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  ending  Ap.,  1913.)  Total 
.volumes  in  library  19,015.  Circulation  from 
main  library  48,408;  from  5  school  libraries 
4176;  total  52,584.  New  registration  832.  Re- 
ceipts $6207.91 ;  expenditures  $6179.86. 

St.  Joseph  (Mo.)  P.  L.  Charles  E.  Rush, 
Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  April,  1913.)  Acces- 
sions 5469.  Total  volumes  in  library  66,436. 
Circulation  279,721.  New  registration  5885; 
total  15,641.  Expenditures  $24,204.70. 

There  are  2  branches,  12  deposit,  I  delivery, 
6  school  stations,  and  200  classroom  collec- 
tions. The  circulation  of  children's  depart- 
ment at  central  library  was  52,279,  an  increase 
of  1373  over  last  year;  total  circulation  in  all 
branches  81,426. 

A  new  Edison  Home  Kinetoscope,  equipped 
for  both  moving  picture  films  and  stereopticon 
slides,  was  purchased  for  story  hour  use  at  the 
branches.  The  equipment  includes  moving  pic- 
ture films  of  such  titles  as  "Little  Red  Riding 
Hood,"  "Hansel  and  Gretel,"  and  "The  child 
in  the  forest,"  etc.  The  remarkable  features  of 
the  machine  are  its  simplicity  of  construction 
and  management,  portable  size,  economy  in 
purchase,  and  maintenance  cost  and  pleasing 
results  obtained. 

Springfield  (Mass.)  City  L.  Hiller  C.  Well- 
man,  Ibn.  (56th  rpt. — yr.  ending  April,  1913.) 
Accessions  12,805  Total  circulation  613,604. 
New  registration  5608;  total  36,273.  Receipts 
$69,281.78;  expenditures  $68,169.27. 

More  than  25,000  volumes  were  deposited  in 
various  class  rooms  for  the  use  of  pupils.  The 
reference  assistants  gave  carefully  prepared 
talks  on  "Use  of  the  library"  to  600  students. 
The  circulation  of  the  main  library  was  343,- 
177;  Indian  Orchard  branch  27,783;  Forest 
Park  branch  90,757 ;  Springfield  Boys  Club 
1371;  People's  Institute  10,060;  school  libraries 
140,096. 


Tacoma  (Wash.)  P.  L.  Franklin  F.  Hop- 
per, Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  Je.,  1913.)  Acces- 
sions 9814.  Circulation  355,946.  Total  regis- 
tration 15,246.  Receipts  $55,484.03;  expendi- 
tures $37,010.01. 

The  number  of  books  in  the  main  library 
and  branches,  after  allowing  for  books  worn 
out,  lost,  etc.,  is:  main  library,  65,284;  South 
Tacoma  branch,  6024;  McKinley  Hill  branch, 
1980;  total  of  73,288. 

The  total  circulation  of  children's  books  for 
home  use  was  145,044,  a  gain  of  27,484  over 
last  year.  Of  this  total  56,363  were  from  the 
children's  room  at  central  library,  18,825  from 
South  Tacoma  branch,  7865  from  McKinley 
Hill  branch,  58,779  from  schools  and  3212  from 
deposit  stations. 

The  library  has  70  deposit  stations,  35  of 
which  are  school  stations. 

Water  town  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Solon  F.  Whit- 
ney, Ibn.  (Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Total  volumes  in 
library  40,277.  Circulation  53,724.  New  regis- 
tration 488;  total  13,702.  Receipts  $6700;  ex- 
penditures $6556.97. 

Wellesley,  Mass.  Wellesley  College  L.  H. 
St.  B.  Brooks,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  1912.)  Acces- 
sions 3316;  total  volumes  in  library  74,040. 
Circulation  19,543;  expenditures  $17,422.48. 

Westerly,  (R.  I.)  P.  L.  J.  L.  Peacock,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.— yr.  ending  Aug.  15,  1913).  Acces- 
sions 1923 ;  total  volumes  in  library  32,950. 
Circulation  66,073.  Total  registration  2877 
(808  juvenile.) 

ENGLISH 

Croydon  (Eng.)  P.  L.  L.  Stanley  Jast,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.— yr.  1912-13.)  Total  accessions  70,915. 
Total  circulation  554,932.  Registration  15,496. 
Receipts  $44,571.51.  Expenditures  $44,241.89. 

The  staff  numbers  22.  During  the  year 
4356  volumes  have  been  added;  1597  with- 
drawn. Number  of  Talks  and  readings  held 
was  54;  exhibitions  7.  Total  attendance  15,- 
842.  Total  number  of  volumes  donated  has 
been  685;  of  pamphlets  314;  a  total  of  999 
volumes  and  pamphlets ;  of  illustrations,  prints, 
maps  and  plans  1457.  There  are  two  branches 
of  the  library. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne  (Eng.)  P.  Ls.  Basil 
Anderton,  Ibn.  (Rpt. — yr.  ending  Mar.  31, 
I9I3-)  Total  volumes  in  libraries  170,190.  To- 
tal circulation  607,512, 

The  circulation  of  the  central  library  was 
184,971;  Victor  branch  109,345;  Carnegie 
branch  57,068;  Lady  Stephcnson  branch  42,- 
901 ;  Stephenson  09,405 ;  Reference  department 
1 13,822. 

Ottawa  (Canada)  P.  L.  W.  J.  Sykes,  Ibn. 
(Rpt.— yr.  1912.)  Total  circulation  216,712. 
New  registration  3900.  Total  10,987.  Receipts 
$16,177.31.  Expenditures  $16,075.31. 

The  staff  numbers  17.  During  the  year  3330 
books  have  been  cataloged.  Of  these,  229  were 
juvenile;  2604  adult,  and  427  reference.  There 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913. 


were  218  meetings  held  in  the  library  during 
the  year  1912.  Lists  of  new  books  have  been 
sent  from  week  to  week  to  the  local  news- 
papers, and  we  find  the  public  are  showing  an 
increasing  interest  in  these  lists.  The  library 
has  3  branches  and  the  use  of  the  reference 
departments  is  growing  from  day  to  day. 
Hundreds  of  debates  have  been  prepared  and 
thousands  of  questions  answered. 

Bfbli0flt*apb£  anfc  Cataloging 

AGRICULTURAL  CREDIT.  Great  Britain.  Board 
of  Agriculture  and  Fisheries.  Agricultural 
credit  and  cooperation  in  Germany.  Report 
to  the  British  Board  of  Agriculture  and 
Fisheries  of  an  inquiry  into  agricultural 
credit  and  agricultural  cooperation  in  Ger- 
many, with  some  notes  on  German  live  stock 
insurance  by  J.  R.  Cahill.  Wash.,  D.  C, 
Gov.  Pr.  Off.  474  p.  (3  p.  bibl.)  fold,  charts, 
4°. 

AGRICULTURE.  Hummel,  W.  Granville,  and 
Hummel,  Bertha  Royce.  Materials  and 
methods  in  high  school  agriculture.  N.  Y., 
Macmillan.  c.  n-f-385  p.  (bibls.)  il.  plans, 
pis.  D.  $1.25. 

ANGLO-SAXON.  Calaway,  Morgan,  jr.  The 
infinitive  in  Anglo-Saxon.  Wash.,  D.  C., 
Carnegie  Inst.  c.  13+339  p.  (13  p.  bibl.)  fold, 
tab.  Q.  (Pubs.)  pap.,  $5. 

CIVIL  WAR.  Randall,  Ja.  Garfield.  The  con- 
fiscation of  property  during  the  Civil  War. 
Indianapolis,  Mutual  Pr.  and  Lithographing 
Co.  c.  6+7-72  p.  (12  p.  bibl.)  8°,  75  c. 

COAL.  Davis,  C:  Alb.  The  production  and 
use  of  brown  coal  in  the  vicinity  of  Cologne, 
Germany.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  15  P- 
(3  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (U.  S.,  Dept.  of  the  Interior, 
Bu.  of  Mines,  Technical  pap.  55.)  pap. 

COLOMBIA.  Eder,  Phanor  Ja.  Colombia;  with 
40  il.  and  2  maps.  N.  Y.,  Scribner.  24+ 
312  p.  (15  p.  bibl.)  O.  (South  American  ser.) 
$3  n. 

COMMERCE.  United  States.  Dept.  of  Com- 
merce. List  of  publications  of  the  Dept.  of 
Commerce  available  for  distribution.  9th 
ed.,  May  i,  1913.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off. 
63  p.  8°,  pap. 

CRATER  LAKE  NATIONAL  PARK.  United  States. 
Dept.  of  the  Interior.  General  information 
regarding  Crater  Lake  National  Park,  sea- 
son of  1913.  Wash.,  D.  C.,  Gov.  Pr.  Off. 
11  P-  (3  P-  bibl.)  maps,  8°,  pap. 

DRAMA.  Crosse,  Gordon.  The  religious 
drama;  with  26  illustrations.  Milwaukee, 
Wis.,  Young  Churchman.  164-182  p.  (6*/2  p. 
bibl.)  S.  (Arts  of  the  church.)  60  c. 

ENGINEERS'  MANUAL.  D'Este,  Julian,  Com- 
pany. The  D'Este  steam  engineers'  manual ; 


with  electrical  appendix,  by  C:  Penrose.  2d 
ed.  Bost.,  J.  D'Este  Co.  c.  various  p. 
(3  p.  bibl.)  il.  fold.  pi.  tabs,  diagrs.  12°,  $2. 

ENTOMOLOGY.  Folsom,  Justus  Watson.  En- 
tomology; with  special  reference  to  its  bio- 
logical and  economic  aspects.  2d  rev.  ed.  ; 
with  4  plates  and  304  text-figures.  Phil., 
Blakistcn.  c.  7+402  p.  (48  p.  bibl.)  O.  $2.25  n. 

ETHICS.  Wright,  H:  Wilkes.  Self-realiza- 
tion; an  outline  of  ethics.  N.  Y.,  Holt.  c. 
14+429  p.  (bibls.)  D.  $1.60. 

EVOLUTION.  Schmucker,  S.  Christian.  The 
meaning  of  evolution.  Chautauqua,  N.  Y.r 
Chautauqua  Press,  c.  3+305  p.  (4  p.  bibl.) 
12°,  (Chautauqua  home  reading  ser.)  $1.50. 

FARMING.  Olin,  Wa.  Herb.  American  irriga- 
tion farming;  a  systematic  and  practical 
treatment  of  every  phase  of  farming,  in- 
cluding its  history;  with  statistical  tables 
and  formulas.  Chic.,  McClurg.  c.  364  p. 
p.  bibl,)  il.  D.  $1.50  n. 


FEUDALISM.  Ashley,  Roscoe  Lewis.  The  feu- 
dal age;  with  maps  and  numerous  illustra- 
tions. Pasadena,  Cal.,  Pasadena  High  School. 
7+9-85  p.  (5  p.  bibl.)  il.  plan.  pis.  maps  (i 
fold.)  8°,  35  c. 

GARDENING.  Triggs,  H.  Inigo.  Garden  craft 
in  Europe.  N.  Y.,  Scribner.  11+332  p. 
(10  p.  bibl.)  il.  pis.  plans,  Q.  $15  n. 

GAS  INDUSTRY.  The  reader's  index;  the  bi- 
monthly magazine  of  the  Croydon  (Eng.) 
Public  Libraries. 

GASES.  Clement,  J:  Kay.  The  influence  of 
inert  gases  on  inflammable  gaseous  mixtures. 
Wash.,  D.  C.,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  24  p.  (3  p. 
bibl.)  il.  diagrs.,  8°,  (U.  S.,  Dept.  of  the 
Interior,  Bu.  of  Mines,  Technical  pap.  43.) 
pap. 

GEOLOGY.  Prindle,  L:  Marcus,  and  others.  A 
geologic  reconnaissance  of  the  Fairbanks 
quadrangle,  Alaska,  with  a  detailed  descrip- 
tion of  the  Fairbanks  district  and  an  account 
of  lode  mining  near  Fairbanks.  Wash.,  D. 
C.,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  220+8  p.  (8  p.  bibl.)  pis. 
fold,  maps,  O.  (U.  S.,  Dept.  of  the  Interior, 
U.  S.  Geological  Survey  bull.  525.)  pap. 

-  Capps,   Stephen  Reid.     The   Yentna   dis- 
trict, Alaska.     Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off. 
75+8  p.  (8  p.  bibl.)  pis.  fold.  pis.  fold.  maps, 
O.  (U.  S.,  Dept.  of  the  Interior,  U.  S.   Geo- 
logical Survey  bull.  534.)  pap. 

-  Eakin,  H  :  M.    A  geologic  reconnaissance 
of  a  part  of  the  Rampart  Quadrangle,  Alaska. 
Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.    38+8  p.   (8  p. 
bibl.)  pis.  fold,  maps,  O.  (U.  S.,  Dept.  of  the 
Interior,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  bull.  535-) 
pap. 

-  Moffit,    Fred    Howard.      Geology   of   the 
Nome     and     Grand     Central    Quadrangles, 
Alaska.    Wash.,  D.  C.,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.    140+ 


November,  1913] 


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653 


8  p  .(8  p.  bibl.)  fold.  pis.  fold,  maps,  O.  (U. 
S.,  Dept.  of  the  Interior,  U.  S.  Geological 
Survey  bull.  533.)  pap. 

-GERMAN  LITERATURE.  Stroebe,  Lilian  Luise, 
and  Whitney,  Marian  Parker.  Geschichte 
der  deutschen  literatur.  N.  Y.,  Holt,  9+ 
273  P.  (3  P-  bibl.)  double  map,  D.  $1.15. 

•GLACIERS  .  Grant,  Ulysses  Sherman,  and  Hig- 
gins,  Dan.  R,  jr.  Coastal  glaciers  of  Prince 
William  Sound  and  Kenai  Peninsula.  Alaska. 
Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  75+8 'p  (8  p 
bibl.)  O.  (U.  S.,  Dept  of  the  Interior,  U.  S. 
Geological  Survey  bull.  526)  pap. 

-GLYCOSURIA  AND  DIABETES.  Allen,  F.  Madison. 
Studies  concerning  glycosuria  and  diabetes. 
Bost,  W.  M.  Leonard,  c.  18+1179  p.  (69  p. 
bibl.)  tab.,  pis.  8°,  $9  n. 

HEALTH.  Burks,  Frances  Williston,  and 
Burks,  Jesse  Dismukes.  Health  and  the 
school;  a  round  table;  with  an  introd.  by 
Fk.  M.  McMurry.  N.  Y.,  Appleton.  c.  18+ 
393  P-  (15  P.  bibl.)  il.  diagrs,  D.  $1.50  n. 

HISTORY.  Harding,  S:  Bannister,  and  Hart, 
Alb.  Bushnell.  New  mediaeval  and  modern 
history.  N.  Y.,  Am.  Book  Co.  c.  16+752+ 
31  p.  (4  P-  bibl.)  il.  pors.  maps.  (Essentials 
in  history.)  $1.50. 

IMMIGRATION.  Shriver,  W:  Payne.  Immigrant 
forces ;  factors  in  the  new  democracy.  N.  Y., 
Miss.  Educ.  Movement  of  the  U.  S.  and 
Canada,  c.  9+277+3  p.  (6  p.  bibl.)  tabs., 
i  fold.,  pis.  maps,  12°,  (Forward  mission 
study  courses.)  50  c. 

INDIA.  Francis  Edwards,  London,  83  High 
St.,  Marylebone.  Catalogue  of  books  deal- 
ing with  the  Indian  Empire,  incl.  the  Indian 
portion  of  the  library  of  Prof.  Sidney  James 
Owen.  (No.  329;  supp.  to  No.  318;  877 
titles.) 

INDIAN  SLAVERY.  Lauber,  Almon  Wheeler. 
Indian  slavery  in  colonial  times  within  the 
present  limits  of  the  United  States.  N.  Y., 
[Longmans.]  c.  352  p.  (19  p.  bibl.)  O.  (Co- 
lumbia Uni'v.  studies  in  history,  economics 
and  public  law.)  $3.50;  pap.,  $3. 

INDUSTRIAL  ARTS.  Industrial  Arts  Index;  a 
cumulative  index  to  engineering  and  trade 
periodicals.  Minneapolis,  H.  W.  Wilson  Co. 
169  p.  8°,  pap. 

INDUSTRIAL  EDUCATION.  Beckworth,  Holmes. 
German  industrial  education  and  its  lessons 
for  the  United  States.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov. 
Pr.  Off.  154  p.  (5  p.  bibl.)  O.  (U.  S.,  Bu. 
of  Education,  Bull.  1913,  no.  19,  Whole  no. 
529.)  pap. 

United  States.  Dept.  of  the  Interior.  Bu- 
reau of  Education.  Bibliography  of  Industrial 
vocational,  and  trade  education.  Wash.,  D. 
C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  92  p.  8°. 

INDUSTRIAL  POISONING.  Rambousek,  J.  In- 
dustrial poisoning  from  fumes,  gases  and 


poisons  of  manufacturing  processes ;  tr.  and 
ed.  by  T.  M.  Legge.  N.  Y.,  Longmans. 
14+360  p.  (16  p.  bibl.)  il.  diagrs.,  O.  $3.50  n. 

ITALY.  King,  Bolton,  and  Okey,  T.  Italy  to- 
day. New  and  enl.  ed.  N.  Y.,  Scribner. 
12+414  p.  (7  p.  bibl.)  O.  $2  n. 

JONES,  JOHN  PAUL.  De  Koven,  Anna  Far- 
well,  [Mrs.  Reginald  De  Koven.]  The  life 
and  letters  of  John  Paul  Jones.  2  v.  N.  Y., 
Scribner.  c.  (5  p.  bibl.)  il.  pis.  pors.  maps, 
facsims.  8°,  $4  n. 

LABOR  AND  LABORING  CLASSES.  United  States. 
Dept.  of  Labor.  Publications  of  the  Dept. 
of  Labor  available  for  distribution  July  15, 
1913-  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  7  p.  8°, 
pap. 

LEARNED  SOCIETIES.  Steeves,  Harrison  Ross. 
Learned  societies  and  English  literary 
scholarship  in  Great  Britain  and  the  United 
States.  N.  Y.,  Lemcke  &  B.  14+245  p.  (13 
p.  bibl.)  O.  (Columbia  Univ.  studies  in  Eng- 
lish and  comparative  literature.)  $1.50  n. 

LINCOLN,  ABRAHAM.  Johnson,  W:  J.  Abra- 
ham Lincoln  the  Christian.  N.  Y.  and  Cin., 
Meth.  Bk.  Concern,  c.  288  p.  (12  p.  bibl.) 
por.  D.  $i  n. 

METHODIST  CHURCH.  Sweet,  W.  Warren.  The 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  and  the  Civil 
War.  [Delaware,  O.,  The  author,  141 
Montrose  Ave.]  F.  228  p.  (9  p.  bibl.)  8°,  $i. 

MEXICO.  Winton,  G:  Beverly.  Mexico  to-day ; 
social,  political  and  religious  conditions.  N. 
Y.,  Miss.  Educ.  Movement  of  the  U.  S.  and 
Canada,  c.  10+235+3  p.  (8  p.  bibl.)  pis. 
pors.  maps,  (i  fold.)  12°,  (Forward  mission 
study  courses.)  50  c. 

Music.  Faulkner,  Anne  Shaw.  What  we 
hear  in  music;  a  laboratory  course  of  study 
in  music  history  and  appreciation,  for  four 
years  of  high  school,  academy,  college,  mu- 
sic club  or  home  study.  Camden,  N.  J., 
Victor  Talking  Machine  Co.  c.  398  p. 

Music.  Milwaukee  Public  Library.  Catalogue 
of  music  in  the  Milwaukee  Public  Library, 
May  i,  1913.  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Milwaukee 
Pub.  Lib.  48  p.  'Q.  pap.,  5  c. 

NEGROES.  Negro  year  book  and  annual  ency- 
clopedia of  the  negro;  Monroe  N.  Work. 
Tuskegee,  Ala.,  Negro  Year  Bk.  Co.,  Tus- 
kegee  Inst.  c.  6+348  p.  (47  p.  bibl.)  D.  pap., 
25  c. 

NEGRO,  The.  Russell,  John  H.  The  free  ne- 
gro in  Virginia,  1619-1865.  (Johns  Hop- 
kins University  studies  in  historical  and 
political  science.  Series  31,  no.  3.)  (9  p. 
bibl.) 

NEW  YORK  STATE  POLITICS.  Stebbins,  Homer 
Adolph.  A  political  history  of  the  state 
of  New  York,  1865-1869.  N.  Y.,  Long- 
mans, c.  447  p.  (9  p.  bibl.)  O.  (Columbia 
Univ.  studies  in  history,  economics  and 
public  law.)  $4.50;  pap.,  $4. 


654 


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[November,  1913 


OILS.  Allen,  Irving  C.,  and  Crossfield,  Alb. 
Scott.  The  flash  point  of  oils;  methods  and 
apparatus  for  its  determination.  Wash.,  D. 
C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  31  p.  (7  p.  bibl.)  il.  8°, 
(U.  S.,  Dept.  of  the  Interior,  Bu.  of  Mines, 
Technical  pap.  49.  Petroleum  technology 
10.)  pap. 

Allen,  Irving  C.  Heavy  oil  as  fuel  for  in- 
ternal-combustion engines.  Wash.,  D.  C, 
Gov.  Pr.  Off.  36  p.  (ii  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (  U.  S., 
Dept.  of  the  Interior,  Bit.  of  Mines,  Tech- 
nical pap.  37.  Petroleum  technology  5.)  pap. 

OLD  AGE.  Saundby,  Rob.,  M.D.  Old  age;  its 
care  and  treatment  in  health  and  disease. 
[N.  Y.,  Longmans.]  7+312  p.  (3  p.  bibl.) 
D.  $2.10  n. 

ORIENT.  Fitch,  G.  Hamlin.  The  critic  in 
the  Orient;  il.  from  photographs.  San 
Francisco,  Elder,  c.  20+178  p.  (4  p.  bibl.) 
O.  $2. 

OXFORDSHIRE  PLACE-NAMES.  Alexander,  H. 
The  place-names  of  Oxfordshire,  their  ori- 
gin and  development;  with  a  preface  by  H. 
Cecil  Wyld,  Oxford.  N.  Y.,  [Oxford 
Univ.]  251  p.  (5  p.  bibl.)  8°,  $1.75  n. 

PEDAGOGY.    Belk,  Arthur  K.    Physiological  age 
and  school   entrance.      (In  the  Pedagogical 
Seminary.     September,  1913.)   20:277-321. 
This  article  contains  a  bibliography  of  106 

titles. 

PEDAGOGY.  Lorentz,  Alfred,  Leipzig.  Pada- 
gogischer  Handkatalog.  Padagogische  klas- 
siker,  didaktik  und  methodik  der  einzelnen 
lehrfacher,  bucher  fiir  schiiler  und  volks- 
bibliotheken,  hausbiicher,  etc.  12°,  pap. 
(No.  219;  6964  titles.) 

PERRY,  OLIVER  HAZARD.  Mills,  Ja.  Cooke. 
Oliver  Hazard  Perry  and  the  Battle  of 
Lake  Erie ;  il.  with  pictures  of  battle  scenes 
from  rare  old  engravings.  Detroit,  Mich., 
J.  Phelps,  1033  Majestic  Bldg.  c.  278+6  p. 
(5  p.  bibl.)  O.  $1.50  n. 

PERSECUTION  OF  CHRISTIANS.  Canfield,  Leon 
Hardy.  The  early  persecutions  of  the 
Christians.  N.  Y.,  Longmans,  c.  215  p.  (6  p. 
bibl.)  O.  (Columbia  Univ.  studies  in  his- 
tory, economics  and  public  law.)  pap., 
$1.50  n. 

PHILOSOPHY.  Fletcher,  Orlin  Ottman.  An 
introduction  to  philosophy.  N.  Y.,  Mac- 
millan.  c.  17+420  p.  (6  p.  bibl.)  D.  $1.60  n. 

PHYSIOLOGY.  Nicholson,  Percival,  M.  D. 
Blood  pressure  in  general  practice;  with  7 
illustrations.  Phil.,  Lippincott,  c.  3+5-14+ 
157  P-  (6  p.  bibl.)  pis.  diagrs.,  12°,  $1.50  n. 

PHYSICS.  Osborne,  Nathan  S.,  and  others. 
Density  and  thermal  expansion  of  ethyl  al- 
cohol and  of  its  mixtures  with  water.  Wash., 
D.  C.  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  327-474+7  P.  (33  P- 
bibl.)  il.  fold.  pi.  4  ,  (Reprint  no.  197  from 
bull,  of  the  Bu.  of  Standards,  v.  9.)  pap. 


POETRY  AND  DRAMA.  Poetry  and  drama  sup- 
plement. The  Nottingham  (Eng.)  Library 
Bulletin. 

PSYCHOLOGY.  Meumann,  E.  The  psychology 
of  learning;  an  experimental  investigation  of 
the  economy  and  technique  of  memory ;  tr. 
from  the  3d  ed.  of  The  economy  and  tech- 
nique of  learning,  by  J:  Wallace  Baird. 
N.  Y.,  Appleton.  c.  19+393  p.  (6^  p.  bibl.) 
D.  $2  n. 

PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS.  Monthly  catalogue 
United  States  public  documents.  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office.  No.  222.  55  p.  12°. 

PUEBLO  INDIANS.  Hewett,  Edgar  Lee,  and 
others.  The  physiography  of  the  Rio  Grande 
Valley,  New  Mexico,  in  relation  to  Pueblo 
culture.  Wash.,  D.  C.,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  76  p. 
(6  p.  bibl.)  pis.  fold,  map,  8°,  (Smithsonian 
Institution,  Bu.  of  American  Ethnology, 
Bull.  54.)  pap. 

ROADS.  United  States.  Congress.  Joint 
Committee  on  Federal  Aid  in  the  Construc- 
tion of  Post  Roads.  Public  road  systems  of 
foreign  countries  and  of  the  several  states, 
prepared  under  the  direction  of  Hon.  Jona- 
than Bourne,  jr.,  for  the  use  of  the  Joint 
Committee,  April  24.  Printed  1913.  Wash., 
D.  C.  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  108  p.  (4  p.  bibl.)  8°,. 
pap. 

ROTATORIA.  Harring,  Harry  K.  Synopsis  of 
the  Rotatoria.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off. 
226  p.  (81  p.  bibl.)  8°,  (Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion, U.  S.  National  Museum,  Bull.  81.)  pap. 

SCHOOL  HYGIENE.  United  States.  Dept .  of 
the  Interior.  Bu.  of  Education.  Annotated 
bibliography  of  medical  inspection  and  health 
supervision  of  school  children  in  the  U.  S. 
for  years  1009-1912.  Wash.,  D.  C.,  U.  S., 
Dept.  of  Interior,  Bu.  of  Education,  Gov. 
Pr.  Off.  136  p.  O.  (Bull.,  1913,  no.  161.)  pap. 

SCHOOL  SUPERINTENDENTS.  Chamberlain,  Arth. 
H.  The  growth  of  responsibility  and  en- 
largement of  power  of  the  city  school  su- 
perintendent. Berkeley,  Cal.,  Univ.  of  Cal. 
283-441  p.  (16  p.  bibl.)  fold,  tab.,  Q.  (Pubs.: 
Education.)  pap.,  $1.75. 

SENATORIAL  ELECTION.  Fanning,  Clara  Eliz., 
comp.  Selected  articles  on  the  election  of 
United  States  senators.  2d  and  rev.  ed. 
Minneapolis,  H.  W.  Wilson  Co.  26+116  p. 
(11  p.  bibl.)  12°,  (Debaters'  handbook  ser.) 
$i  n. 

SERIALS.  University  of  California.  List  of 
serials  in  the  University  of  California  Li- 
brary. Berkeley,  Cal.,  Univ.  of  Cal.  266  p. 
O.  (Lib.  bull.)  pap.,  $i. 

SEX  HYGIENE.  Frank  A.  Manny.  Bibliography 
of  sex  hygiene.  Educational  Review,  Sept., 
p.  168-176. 

SCULPTURE.  Prior,  E.  Schroeder,  and  Gard- 
ner, Arth.  An  account  of  medieval  figure- 
sculpture  in  England ;  with  855  photographs. 


November,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


655 


[N.    Y.,    Putnam,]    '12.     1 1+734    P-    (3    P- 
bibl.)  il.  obi.  8°,  $20  n. 

SEX.  Reed,  T.  E.  Sex,  its  origin  and  de- 
termination; a  study  of  the  metabolic  cycle 
and  its  influence  in  the  origin  and  determin- 
ation of  sex,  the  course  of  acute  disease, 
parturition,  etc.  N.  Y.,  Rebman  Co.  c. 
(6  p.  bibl.)  313  p.  diagrs.,  8°,  $3  n. 

SHAKESPEARE.  Bates,  Katharine  Lee,  and 
Weed,  Lilla,  comps.  Shakespeare ;  selective 
bibliography  and  biographical  notes.  [Wel- 
lesley,  Mass.,]  Wellesley  Coll.  c.  83  p.  8°, 
SO  c. 

STERILITY.  Buhner,  Max.  Sterility  in  the 
male  and  female,  and  its  treatment.  N.  Y., 
Rebman  Co.  c.  16+262  p.  (5  p.  bibl.)  8°, 
$3  n. 

SWINBURNE,  Algernon  C.  A  pilgrimage  of 
pleasure ;  with  a  bibliography.  Bost,  Bad- 
ger, c.  181  p.  (27  p.  bibl.)  O.  $2.50  n. 

SYPHILIS.  Craig,  C:  Franklin,  and  Nichols, 
H:  J.  Studies  of  syphilis,  by  Charles  F. 
Craig,  captain,  Medical  Corps,  U.  S.  Army, 
and  Henry  J.  Nichols,  captain,  Medical 
Corps,  U.  S.  Army;  with  introduction 
by  Major  Frederick  F.  Russell,  Medical 
Corps,  U.  S.  Army.  Published  for  the  in- 
formation of  medical  officers  by  authority  of 
the  act  of  Congress  approved  Aug.  23,  1912, 
and  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of 
War.  Wash.,  D.  C,  Gov.  Pr.  Off.  133  p. 
diagrs.,  8°,  (U.  S.,  War  Dept,  Office  of  the 
Surgeon-General,  Bull.  no.  3.) 
Bibliographies  interspersed. 

TOWN-MAKING.  McVey,  Fk.  Le  Rond.  The 
making  of  a  town.  Chic.,  McClurg.  c.  6+ 
221  p.  (5  p.  bibl.)  D.  $i  n. 

UNITED  STATES  AND  MEXICO.  Rives,  G:  Lock- 
heart.  The  United  States  and  Mexico,  1821- 
1848;  a  history  of  the  relations  between  the 
two  countries  from  the  independence  of 
Mexico  to  the  close  of  the  war  with  the 
United  States.  In  2  v.  N.  Y.,  Scribner.  c. 
8+720;  6+726  p.  (10^2  p.  bibl.)  maps,  O. 
$8  n.,  bxd. 

VOCATION.  Choosing  an  occupation ;  a  list  of 
books  and  references  on  vocational  choice, 
guidance  and  training  in  the  Brooklyn  Pub- 
lic Library. 

WELSH.  Williams,  Rev.  Dan.  Jenkins.  The 
Welsh  of  Columbus,  Ohio;  a  study  in  adap- 
tation and  assimilation.  Oshkosh,  Wis.,  The 
author,  c.  144  p.  (2  p.  bibl.)  il.  map,  diagrs. 
8°,  $1.40. 

WELSH  LANGUAGE.  Jones,  J.  Morris.  A 
Welsh  grammar;  historical  and  compara- 
tive; phonology  and  accidence.  [N.  Y., 
Oxford  Univ.]  27+477  p.  (12  p.  bibl.)  O. 
$4-50  n. 

WILLIAM  THE  CONQUEROR.  Regesta  regum 
Anglo-Normannorum,  1066-1154.  v.  i,  Re- 
gesta Willelmi  Conquestoris  et  Willelmi  Rufi, 


1066-1100;  ed.  with  introds.,  notes  and  in- 
dexes by  H.  W.  C.  Davis,  with  the  assistance 
of  R.  J.  Whitwell.  [N.  Y.,  Oxford  Univ.] 
53+158  p.  (4  P-  bibl.)  Q.  $5  n. 
WOMAN.  Gallichan,  Catherine  Gasquoine 
Hartley,  [Mrs.  Wa.  M.  Gallichan,  "C.  Gas- 
quoine Hartley,"  pseud.]  The  truth  about 
woman.  N.  Y.,  Dodd,  Mead.  14+404  p. 
(9  p.  bibl.)  O.  $2.50  n. 

WOMAN.  Mozans,  H.  J.,  pseud.  Woman  in 
science;  with  an  introductory  chapter  on 
woman's  long  struggle  for  things  of  the 
mind.  N.  Y.,  Appleton.  c.  11+452  p.  (  7  p. 
bibl.)  O.  $2.50  n. 

Communications 

Editor  the  Library  Journal. 

The  statements  on  the  first  page  of  Dr. 
G.  E.  Wire's  pamphlet,  entitled  "How  to 
Start  a  Public  Library,"  a  second  edition  of 
which  has  recently  been  issued  by  the  Ameri- 
can Library  Association,  are  so  at  variance 
with  the  fact  that  they  may  not  pass  un- 
challenged. Mr.  Wire  says : 

"It  is  outside  the  province  of  this  paper  to  dis- 
tinguish the  library  legislation  further  than  to  say 
that  most  of  our  state  legislation  is  modeled  on 
the  first  broad  library  law  allowing  taxation,  and 
this  was  passed  by  the  state  of  Illinois,  in  1872. 
It  is  a  coincidence  that  the  American  Library  As- 
sociation, a  Massachusetts  corporation,  its  first  head- 
quarters in  Boston,  should  now  have  its  head- 
auarters  in  Chicago,  which  owes  its  public  library  to 
the  Chicago  fire  of  1871,  and  also  to  the  broad  law 
passed  in  1872,  to  allow  for  the  management  of  this 
public  library.  I  am  aware  that  the  Boston  Public 
Library  was  started  earlier,  in  1850,  but  to  this  day 
most  of  the  Massachusetts  public  libraries  are  largely 
dependent  on  the  dog  tax  for  their  support,  and  this 
can  hardly  be  called  a  public  library  by  taxation  of 
citizens.  In  fact,  these  libraries  so  maintained  are 
a  shining  example  of  taxation  without  representation." 

Section  2  of  Chapter  305  of  the  Acts  and 
Resolves  of  Massachusetts  for  1851,  authoriz- 
ing cities  and  towns  to  establish  and  maintain 
public  libraries,  reads  as  follows: 

"Any  city  or  town  may  appropriate  for  the  foun- 
dation and  commencement  of  such  library,  as  afore- 
said, a  sum  not  exceeding  one  dollar  for  each  of  its 
ratable  polls,  in  the  year  next  preceding  that  in 
which  such  appropriation  shall  be  made;  and  may 
also  appropriate,  annually,  for  the  maintenance  and 
increase  of  -such  library,  a  sum  not  exceeding  twenty- 
five  cents  for  each  ot  its  ratable  polls,  in  the  year 
next  preceding  that  in  which  such  appropriation  shall 
be  made." 

Section  i  of  Giapter  25  of  the  Acts  of 
1859,  amending  the  law  of  1851,  reads  as 
follows : 

"The  305th  chapter  of  the  acts  of  the  year  1851  is 
so  far  amended  as  to  allow  any  city  or  town  to 
appropriate  annually,  for  the  maintenance  and  in- 
crease of  a  public  library  within  the  same,  a  sum 
not  exceeding  fifty  cents  for  each  of  its  ratable  polls 
in  the  year  next  preceding  that  in  which  such  ap- 
propriation shall  be  made." 

Section  i  of  Chapter  222  of  the  Acts  of 
1866,  enlarges  the  power  of  appropriation  as 
follows : 


656 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  1913 


"Any  town  may,  at  a  legal  meeting,  grant  and 
vote  money  for  the  establishment,  maintenance  or 
increase  of  a  public  library  'therein,  and  for  erecting 
or  providing  suitable  buildings  or  rooms  therefor; 
and  may  receive,  hold  and  manage  any  devise,  bequest 
or  donation  for  the  establishment,  increase  or  main- 
tenance of  any  such  library." 

The  Illinois  act  of  1872  provides  that  an  in- 
corporated city  "may  levy  a  tax  of  not  to 
exceed  one  mill  on  a  dollar  annually,  and  in 
cities  of  over  100,000  inhabitants  not  to  ex- 
ceed one-fifth  of  one  mill  annually  on  all 
the  taxable .  property  in  the  city."  Any  in- 
corporated town,  village  or  township  is  author- 
ized on  petition  to  levy  a  tax  at  a  "rate  not 
to  exceed  two  mills  on  the  dollar."  Thus 
while  the  Massachusetts  act  of  1866  authorized 
towns  to  tax  themselves  without  limit,  the 
Illinois  act  set  specific  limits  as  above  quoted. 

In  view  of  the  above  legislation,  is  it  cor- 
rect to  state  that  Illinois,  in  1872  passed  the 
first  broad  library  law  allowing  taxation? 

Section  163  of  Chapter  102  of  the  Revised 
Laws  of  1902,  provides  that  money  received 
for  dog  licenses  and  refunded  to  the  towns 
"shall  be  expended  for  the  support  of  public 
libraries  or  schools." 

In  reply  to  the  statement  that  "most  of  the 
Massachusetts  public  libraries  are  largely  de- 
pendent on  the  dog  tax  for  their  support," 
the  following  summary  may  be  made  from 
detailed  statistics  as  to  income  available  for 
378  of  the  403  free  public  libraries  listed  in 
the  230!  report  of  the  Massachusetts  Library 
Commission. 

Only  29  towns  of  the  378  are  dependent 
for  their  funds  on  the  dog  tax.  In  71  others, 
though  the  dog  tax  forms  a  considerable  por- 
tion of  the  library  income,  the  town  makes  a 
substantial  additional  appropriation.  In  70 
others  this  additional  appropriation  is  from 
two  to  ten  or  twelve  times  as  large  as  the  dog 
tax.  Wherever  there  is  an  additional  ap- 
propriation, whether  large  or  small,  it  is  hard 
to  see  why  this  is  not  a  public  library  "by 
taxation  of  citizens,"  for  the  town  is  not 
obliged  to  give  the  dog  tax  to  the  library 
and  the  fact  that  a  portion  of  the  total  sum 
given  to  the  library  by  the  town  is  received 
by  the  town  from  the  dog  tax  would  appear 
to  have  no  special  significance.  In  any  event, 
of  the  378  libraries  208  libraries  report  no  dog 
tax  paid  toward  the  library  income.  From 
these  figures  it  will  be  seen  that  Dr.  Wire's 
statement  is  misleading.  Most  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts libraries  are  not  largely  dependent 
on  the  dog  tax  for  their  support. 

CHARLES  F.  D.  BELDBN,  Chairman. 
Free  Public  Library   Commission   of  Massachusetts. 


CJueries 

Editor  Library  Journal; 

WE  have  an  inquiry  for  a  pamphlet  of  the 
Mecklenburg  Declaration  of  Independence, 
reprinted  from  the  New  York  Herald,  issue 


of  May  20,  1875.  We  are  unable  to  locate  in 
our  catalogs  this  article  in  pamphlet  or  book 
form,  and  would  be  pleased  to  hear  from 
anyone  who  can  put  us  in  the  way  to  find  it 
if  it  has  been  reprinted. 

Yours  very  truly, 

GEORGE -T.  SETTLE, 
Librarian  Louisville   (Ky.)   F.  P.  L. 


twmors  anfc  iJBiun&ers 

IN  A  GERMAN  NEIGHBORHOOD 

Pleasant  housewife  to  desk  assistant  :  "Do 
you  speak  German?" 

Assistant,  deprecatingly  :  "Not  very  well; 
my  German  sounds  queer  —  " 

Pleasant  housewife,  encouragingly:  "Oh, 
well,  no  language  don't  sound  beautiful  if  it 
ain't  spoke  proper." 


Calendar 


Nov.  5-6.  North  Carolina  L.  A.  ;  annual  meet- 

ing, Washington,  N.  C. 
Nov.  29.  Easterly  College  Librarians,   meeting 

in  N.  Y.,  Columbia  University. 
Nov.  —  .  Indiana  Library  Trustees'  Association, 

annual  meeting,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Dec.  i.  Southern     California    L.     A.  ;     annual 

meeting  at  Pomona,  Cal. 
Dec.  11.  N.  Y.  L.  Club,  L.  I.  L.  Club,  and  the 

N.  J.  L.  A.;  will  hold  a  joint  meeting. 
Jan.  —  .  Illinois  L.  A.  ;   annual  meeting,   Chi- 

cago, 111. 
March  6-7.  New  Jersey  L.  A.,  annual  meeting, 

Hotel  Chelsea,  Atlantic  City. 


Pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  the  Act  of  Congress  of 
August  24th,  1912  : 

THE  lylBRARY  JOURNAL^ 

Editor R.  R.  BOWKER 

141  East  25th  St  ,  New  York  City 

Managing  Editor  ....          

141  East  25th  St,,  New  York  City 

Business  Manager.       .        .       JOHN  A.  HOLDEN 

141  East  26th  St.,  New  York  City 

The  publisher  and  owner  of  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 
is  the  R.  R.  BOWKER  COMPANY,  a  corporation,  at 
141  East  25th  St.,  New  York  City,  with  these  stock- 
holders. 

R.  R.  BOWKER 

A.  H.  lyEYPOLDT 

JOHN  A.  HOLDEN 
W.  A.  STEWART 
FREMONT  RIDER 

There  are  no  bondholders,  mortgagees  or  other  secur- 
ity holders. 

Statement  to  the  above  effect  subscribed  and  sworn  to  Sept.  15th 
1913,  before  RICHAKD  N.  COTTER,  Notary  Public,  by  JOHN  A.  HOLBBN 
Business  Manager. 


S-5  5 

•ft)    ^'£. 


.*S 


»|f4 

s  ^  9.  2 


fc*"* 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


1*7 


VOL.  38 


DECEMBER,    1913 


No.   12 


WHILE  the  modern  library  system  is  ab- 
solutely the  product  of  democracy,  it  is  in- 
teresting to  note  the  exception  that  in  an 
Indian  native  state,  where  absolutism  reigns, 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  library  develop- 
ments in  the  world  has  been  made,  and  that 
within  four  years  past.  Baroda  has  for  many 
reasons  been  called  the  "Massachusetts  of  In- 
dia," being  the  most  progressive  of  Indian 
states,  of  about  the  same  area  as  Massachu- 
setts, though  having  but  two-thirds  its  popu- 
lation. But  while  Massachusetts  in  the 
past  sixty  years  has  accomplished  the  triumph 
of  developing  in  each  of  its  353  cities  and 
townships  save  one  a  free  public  library  (that 
one  being  Newbury,  which  uses  the  Newbury- 
port  Library),  the  Maharaja  of  Baroda  has, 
through  an  American  director,  Mr.  Borden, 
developed  a  state  library  system  which  in- 
cludes 451  local  libraries,  most  of  them  of 
course  small  but  several  of  creditable  size, 
with  an  aggregate  of  two  million  books 
for  two  million  population,  and  an  annual 
state  appropriation  approximating  $150,000. 
This  combination  of  Asian  control  and  Amer- 
ican progress  has  indeed  produced  wonderful 
results.  It  is  astonishing  to  think  that  in  each 
of  the  two  native  languages  used  in  that  state 
there  are  approximately  five  thousand  books 
printed,  so  that  ten  thousand  printed  books 
are  at  the  service  of  the  native  population  in 
the  vernacular.  Equal  credit  should  be  given 
to  the  Maharaja  for  the  American  progres- 
siveness  which  he  took  back  from  his  jour- 
neys to  America,  where  he  proved,  as  at  the 
Library  of  Congress,  one  of  the  most  intelli- 
gent and  progressive  of  library  inquirers,  and 
to  Mr.  Borden  for  his  Asian  adaptation  of 
American  methods. 

AMONG  the  scholars  of  the  library  profes- 
sion, from  whose  ranks  Josephus  N.  Lamed 
was  but  recently  removed  by  death,  the  name 
of  Reuben  Gold  Thwaites  will  long  be  held  in 
honor.  Dr.  Thwaites  was  first  and  foremost 
a  scholar  and  a  historian,  but  the  qualities 
and  knowledge  which  shone  in  the  field  of 
historical  scholarship  he  applied  with  effec- 
tiveness and  success  in  the  library  field  also, 
in  a  post  which  gave  equal  opportunity  for 
the  historian  and  the  librarian.  As  secretary 


of  the  Wisconsin  Historical  Society,  however, 
he  made  himself  felt  in  a  circle  far  wider 
than  his  state,  for  he  has  become  known  to 
all  historical  scholars  as  the  editor  of  "Jesuit 
Relations,"  and  as  a  librarian  he  has  been 
among  the  foremost  men  in  the  American 
library  profession.  It  seemed  that  he  had 
many  years  of  usefulness  before  him,  and  his 
sudden  death  has  come  as  a  shock  to  hosts 
of  friends.  He  cultivated  friendship  as  well 
as  literature,  and  his  personality  was  a  de- 
light to  the  many  friends  who  knew  him,  and 
in  his  immediate  circle  his  loss  will  seem 
irreparable,  for  it  was  largely  to  his  wide 
vision  and  catholic  energy  that  Wisconsin 
owes  her  rank  as  vicing  with  Massachusetts 
and  New  York  in  heading  American  library 
progress. 

IT  is  better  to  read  an  autobiography  than 
an  obituary,  and  we  regret  that  we  had  not 
obtained  from  Dr.  Thwaites  before  his  death 
a  sketch  of  the  incidents  of  his  library  career 
as  he  himself  viewed  it.  Such  a  sketch  from 
the  late  James  L.  Whitney  was  printed  in 
the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  some  years  ago,  and 
another  veteran,  Samuel  Swett  Green,  whose 
passing  may  be  deferred — all  will  hope — for 
many  years,  has  yielded  to  the  urgent  re- 
quest that  in  addition  to  the  sketch  of  his 
part  in  the  library  movement,  which  he  has 
given  in  his  recent  book  reviewed  in  this 
number,  he  would  himself  record  the  more 
personal  and  intimate  reminiscences  of  his 
preparation  for  and  work  in  the  library  pro- 
fession. This  he  has  done  in  a  paper  which 
will  interest  all  his  friends,  and  indeed  all 
librarians,  for  it  is  a  very  characteristic  hu- 
man document.  His  work  with  schools  and 
his  personal  relations  with  readers  long  ago 
pioneered  the  pace  for  library  work  in  these 
directions,  and  in  many  other  respects  the 
library  profession  is  indebted  to  a  man  who 
has  won  increasing  affection  as  the  years  have 
gone  by.  Most  remarkable,  however,  is  his 
record  of  health  "efficiency,"  for  he  emerged 
in  early  manhood  from  a  state  of  invalidism, 
by  careful  attention  to  health  requirements, 
into  a  middle  and  old  age  which  has  been 
without  cloud  of  illness.  That  exploit  of  his, 
in  taking  the  long  stage  journey  to  and  from 


658 


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[December,  1913 


the  Mariposa  big  trees,  during  the  Califor- 
nia post-conference  trip  of  1911,  from  which 
all  the  younger  members  of  the  party  re- 
coiled, is  interesting  illustration  of  the  phys- 
ical vigor  of  his  later  years,  and  these  years 
he  is  making  fruitful  by  recording  his  earlier 
thoughts  and  his  later  experiences  for  the 
benefit  of  those  who  shall  come  after.  He  is 
a  prophet  not  without  honor  in  his  own  coun- 
try, for  the  city  of  Worcester  has  again  and 
again  recognized  his  usefulness  to  it,  and  we 
are  sure  the  members  of  the  profession  are 
glad  to  have  this  opportunity  of  recording  its 
own  appreciation  of  him. 


No  progress  was  made  during  the  special 
session  of  Congress  toward  the  further  devel- 
opment of  legislative  reference  work  in  the 
Library  of  Congress  and  the  establishment  of 
a  bill  drafting  bureau,  but  it  is  to  be  hoped 
that  this  may  receive  favorable  attention  dur- 
ing the  regular  session.  The  "Chamber  of 
Commerce  of  the  United  States"  has  taken  up 
the  matter  and  has  issued  a  letter  to  the 
Chambers  of  Commerce  throughout  the  coun- 
try, requesting  them  to  urge  action  in  this 
direction  upon  Congress.  As  this  is  a  ques- 
tion of  Congressional  procedure,  for  the  con- 
venience and  better  administration  of  the  leg- 
islative body  itself,  it  is  doubtful  whether  ex- 
ternal pressure  upon  Congress  will  be  well  re- 
ceived, however  well  meant  the  endeavor. 
Probably  more  can  be  accomplished  by  ex- 
plaining to  individual  senators  and  represen- 
tatives the  actual  usefulness  of  such  work  and 
removing  from  their  minds  the  suspicion  that 
this  is  an  attempt  to  tie  up  legislation  from 
their  control.  A  great  number  of  states  have 
now  provided  for  legislative  reference  work 
and  bill  drafting,  to  the  great  satisfaction  of 
their  legislators  and  increased  convenience  and 
effectiveness  in  their  work ;  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  the  adoption  of  similar  methods  by 
the  national  legislature  will  follow. 


As  to  the  book  post,  there  is  pending  before 
the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  a  recom- 
mendation from  the  Postmaster  General  that 
books  above  eight  ounces  be  included  in  the 
parcel  post.  This  would  give  a  substantially 
lower  rate  within  the  nearer  zones,  to  the 
great  benefit  of  the  local  library  service,  but  a 
somewhat  increased  rate  in  the  farther  zones, 
which  would  substantially  increase  the  cost  of 
library  exchanges  between  the  Atlantic  and 


Pacific  coasts.  Thus,  a  four-pound  package 
of  books  could  be  delivered  on  a  rural  deliv- 
ery route  for  eight  cents  instead  of  thirty-two 
cents,  a  very  great  gain,  while  a  similar  pack- 
age from  New  York  to  San  Francisco  would 
cost  forty-eight  cents  instead  of  thirty-two 
cents,  which  would  be  a  step  backward.  On 
the  whole,  the  library  system  would  be  a  great 
gainer  by  the  change,  but  all  objections  would 
be  removed  by  a  proviso  limiting  the  rate  on 
books  to  a  maximum  in  any  zone  of  eight 
cents  a  pound,  or  one  cent  for  two  ounces, 
the  present  book  rate.  President  Anderson, 
for  the  American  Library  Association,  has 
filed  with  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commis- 
sion a  memorial  urging  the  sanction  of  the 
Postmaster  General's  recommendations  with  a 
proviso  to  this  effect;  and  it  is  strongly  to  be 
hoped  that  such  a  revised  plan  may  be  ac- 
cepted. 

IT  is  definitely  announced  by  the  special 
committee  on  the  Leipzig  Exposition,  con- 
sisting of  Dr.  Hill,  Miss  Plummer  and  Miss 
Ahern,  that  they  feel  able  to  say  that  such 
cooperation  and  support  have  been  assured  as 
to  make  possible  a  collective  exhibit  on  the 
part  of  American  libraries.  It  is  gratify- 
ing that  the  American  Library  Associa- 
tion will  respond  to  the  call  of  .its  Ger- 
man brethren  and  show  at  Leipzig  such 
illustrations  of  American  library  develop- 
ment as  will  be  of  real  service  in  the 
present  formative,  or  rather  transitional  period 
of  the  German  library  movement.  It  is  quite 
as  important  that  the  methods  of  the  smaller 
library  should  be  represented  as  that  the  larger 
libraries  should  do  their  part,  for  one  of  the 
most  important  developments  of  the  German 
library  system  in  the1  near  future  should  be 
the  Volks  Bibliothek.  The  university  libraries 
of  Germany  are  great  treasure  houses  of  ma- 
terial, nowadays  put  more  and  more  freely 
at  the  service  of  scholars,  and  it  is  the  turn 
of  the  cities,  towns  and  smaller  communities 
of  the  Fatherland  to  take  up  the  popular  and 
greater  use  of  the  library.  These  con- 
siderations should  influence  American  libra- 
ries to  do  their  level  best  for  the  Ameri- 
can exhibit  at  Leipzig;  and  a  pleasant  exam- 
ple has  been  set  by  the  Brooklyn  Public  Li- 
brary in  authorizing  an  expenditure  within 
$100  for  examples  of  the  library's  methods, 
and  a  further  appropriation  of  $100  in  money 
toward  the  general  expense  of  the  exhibit. 


December,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


659 


BARODA,  INDIA,  AND  ITS  LIBRARIES* 
BY   WILLIAM    ALANSON   BORDEN,  Recently  Director  of  Baroda  State  Libraries 


OUTSIDE  of  the  native  states  of  Baroda  and 
Indore  there  are  no  free  public  libraries  in 
India.  There  are  libraries,  of  course,  but  no 
free  libraries  supported  by  public  funds. 

At  Calcutta  and  Bombay  there  are  a  num- 
ber of  subscription  libraries  that  have  attained 
a  respectable  size,  and  the  Asiatic  Society  has 
large  collections  in  both  capitals,  that  at  Cal- 
cutta numbering  over  100,000  volumes. 

There  are  also  libraries  of  fair  size  at 
Madras,  Benares,  Allahabad,  and  other  large 
cities,  but  the  whole  library  movement  in  In- 
dia has  as  yet  only  reached  the  stage  where 
it  appeals  to  scholars. 

In  British  India,  which  is  that  part  under 
the  direct  rule  of  the  British  Government,  as 
distinguished  from  the  native  states  which  are 
governed  by  the  native  princes  and  only  in- 
directly controlled  by  England,  in  British  In- 
dia the  library  for  the  use  and  instruction  of 
the  common  people  is  practically  unknown. 
In  the  establishment  of  what  we  know  as  the 
free  public  library  movement,  as  well  as  in 
the  movement  for  the  education  of  the  com- 
mon people,  these  native  states  are  far  in  ad- 
vance of  the  rest  of  India,  and  foremost 
among  these  is  the  state  of  Baroda. 

What  is  known  as  the  Baroda  System,  which 
I  had  the  honor  of  originating  and  establish- 
ing, is  now  being  also  introduced  into  the  state 
of  Indore,  and  recent  advices  from  India  tell 
me  that  the  state  of  Mysore  is  also  preparing 
to  adopt  it,  or  something  quite  like  it. 

Many  other  native  states  have  shown  much 
interest  in  the  Baroda  movement,  and  I  am 
looking  forward  wkh  a  great  deal  of  con- 
fidence to  the  time  when  all  of  the  more  ad- 
vanced of  these  states  will  have  followed  in 
Baroda's  footsteps. 

I  have  my  doubts  about  the  introduction  of 
this  system  into  any  part  of  British  India. 
British  India  is  directly  governed  by  English- 
men, and  this  is  distinctly  an  American  sys- 
tem, and — well,  that  is  another  story. 

Shri  Sayaji  Rao  Gaikwad,  Maharaja  of  Ba- 
roda, Sena-Khao-Khel,  Samshar  Bahadur, 

*  Amplified  from  the  address  delivered  at  the  Lake 
George  meeting  of  the  New  York  Library  Association, 
Sept.  24,  1913. 


Grand  Commander  of  the  Star  of  India,  and 
the  absolute  ruler  of  2,000,000  people,  was 
born  a  poor  shepherd  boy. 

Up  to  the  time  he  was  twelve  years  old  he 
tended  the  village  herds,  with  other  children 
of  his  station,  with  no  prospect  of  ever 
doing  anything  else  than  the  ordinary  work 
of  an  Indian  farmer. 

He  was  of  royal  descent,  however,  and  one 
day  a  party  of  white  robed  priests  invaded 
the  village  and  carried  him  and  his  brothers 
to  the  capital  city,  he  to  be  the  future  ruler 
of  the  state. 

He  was  put  under  the  best  of  English  and 
Indian  tutors  and  carefully  educated  for  the 
responsibilities  of  his  position  under  the 
direct  supervision  of  the  British  government; 
and  the  care  spent  upon  his  education  has 
been  abundantly  justified.  In  intelligence,  in 
public  spirit,  in  all  the  essential  qualities  of  a 
wise  ruler  he  far  outranks  any  other  Indian 
Prince.  His  sole  aim  in  life  is  to  advance  his 
people  in  civilization,  in  intelligence,  and  in 
the  ordinary  comforts  of  life.  That  is  high 
praise  for  any  ruler,  either  of  the  East  or 
West,  but  I  have  known  him  intimately  for 
three  years,  I  have  seen  his  mind  work,  and  I 
say  this  advisedly  and  emphatically.  And 
looking  at  the  matter  broadly,  and  from  the 
standpoint  of  the  people,  I  will  further  say, 
with  equal  emphasis,  that  never,  in  all  her 
.  history,  has  India  seen  his  peer. 

His  main  effort  has  been  to  educate  his 
people,  and  his  success  along  this  line  alone 
entitles  him  to  all  honor  and  respect.  He 
has  established  over  3000  schools  in  his  state, 
and  a  few  years  ago  he  made  education  both 
free  and  compulsory.  It  is  yet  too  soon  to 
realize  the  results  from  this  last  decree,  but 
when  the  children  of  today  become  the  men 
of  tomorrow  Baroda  will  easily  rank  as  the 
premier  state  of  the  Indian  empire. 

But  the  school  only  educates  the  boy.  The 
man  requires  also  the  college  and  the  library. 
His  Highness  established  the  College  of  Bar- 
oda, with  a  faculty  of  English  and  native 
professors,  and  was  then  kind  enough  to  ask 
me  to  come  to  Baroda  and  institute  a  system 
of  free  pubh'c  libraries  throughout  the  state 


66o 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  1913 


that    should    supplement    and    carry    on,    and 
perhaps  complete  this  work  of  education. 

I  accepted  the  mission  with  many  misgiv- 
ings. I  did  not  then  know,  as  I  have  learned 
since,  how  thoroughly  my  efforts  would  be 
backed  up  by  the  Government  or  welcomed  by 
the  common  people.  To  live  also  in  a  country 
whose  noons  varied  from  85  degrees  in  the 
winter  to  118  degrees  in  the  summer,  was  not 
without  its  risks.  What  with  enteric,  malaria, 
plague  and  cholera  India  is  truly  the  land  of 
sudden  death,  and  I  know  that  when  we  bade 
each  other  good-bye,  three  years  ago,  you 
thought  there  was  much  doubt  as  to  whether 
or  not  we  should  ever  meet  again.  Also  I 
had  read  Kipling,  and  I  was  afraid  that  the 
East  could  not  be  hustled.  How  wrong  I  was 
in  that  opinion  events  have  since  proved.  The 
East  can  be  hustled.  I  think  I  may  even  say 
that  one  part  of  the  East  has  been  hustled, 
and  that  it  enjoyed  the  experience. 

On  reaching  Baroda  I  made  a  tour  of  in- 
spection over  the  state.  I  found  a  state  as 
large  as  Massachusetts  and  with  two-thirds 
of  its  population.  Ninety  per  cent  of  its 
people  are  farmers.  The  land  is  naturally 
fertile,  but  lacks  water.  The  principal  pro- 
ducts, outside  of  the  grains  and  vegetables 
consumed  at  home,  are  cotton,  tobacco  and 
castor  beans.  Baroda,  the  capital  city,  has  a 
population  of  100,000,  of  whom  24,000  can  read 
the  vernacular,  and  a  good  many  have  the 
English  as  well.  The  larger  towns  hold  about 
15  per  cent  of  literates,  the  villages  somewhat 
less  than  10  per  cent,  and  the  small  hamlets 
a  quantity  almost  negligible.  The  placing  of 
the  libraries  was  thus  determined  by  circum- 
stances beyond  our  immediate  control  and 
their  comparative  sizes  also. 

There  were  two  fair  sized  libraries  in  the 
capital  city  and  about  150  small  subscription 
libraries  scattered  through  the  various  towns 
and  large  villages  of  the  state;  the  latter 
largely  in  a  moribund  condition,  the  remains 
of  unsuccessful  experiments  instituted  some 
years  previous  to  1910. 

The  field  was  practically  untouched,  and  I 
determined  to  introduce  into  Baroda  what  we 
In  the  United  States  have  recognized  as  a  goal 
to  be  ultimately  attained,  but  which  we  have 
not  yet  reached.  I  mean  a  system  of  cen- 
trally located  book  storehouses,  each  sur- 
rounded by  a  net-work  of  small,  interdepend- 
in  £  (libraries.  The  small  libraries  to  have  the 


books  commonly  called  for  and  the  store- 
houses the  books  to  supplement  these  small 
collections.  This  has  been  done  and  the  re- 
sult is  now  known  in  India  as  The  Baroda 
System.  I  do  not  wish  to  claim  any  great 
amount  of  novelty  for  the  idea.  It  is  simply 
the  system  of  the  main  library  with  its 
branches,  such  as  we  all  know  in  New  York, 
Brooklyn  and  Boston,  applied  to  all  the  libra- 
ries of  a  state.  If  there  is  any  value  in  this 
library  co-operation  throughout  a  large  state 
let  it  be  remembered  that  it  was  first  intro- 
duced, not  in  the  home  of  the  modern  library 
movement,  our  own  country,  but  way  down 
in  India,  10,000  miles  from  here. 

Our  first  task  was  to  get  all  of  these  inde- 
pendent subscription  libraries  to  place  them- 
selves under  government  control  and  to  open 
their  doors  freely  to  both  high  and  low.  This 
last  required  a  prolonged  missionary  cam- 
paign on  account  of  the  intense  caste  feeling 
still  existing  in  India.  We  accomplished  it  in 
most  cases,  however,  though  there  are  still 
15  or  20  of  these  libraries  that  are  holding 
back. 

We  next  drew  up  a  code  of  rules  for 
the  formation  of  free  public  libraries.  These 
rules  upon  being  signed  by  H.  H.  the  Maha- 
raja, became  part  of  the  laws  of  the  state 
without  any  of  the  usual  bother  with  legis- 
latures or  that  sort  of  thing.  They  prescribed, 
briefly,  that  whenever  the  citizens  of  any 
town  or  village  should  subscribe  one-third  of 
the  necessary  sum  for  establishing  a  library, 
the  different  departments  of  the  general  gov- 
ernment would  supply  the  remaining  two- 
thirds.  These  rules  applied  also  to  the  annual 
maintenance  and  to  the  ultimate  erection  of 
the  library  building.  We  were  not  anxious 
to  give  away  things,  but  we  were  very  anxious 
to  help  those  who  would  first  help  them- 
selves. It  is  for  just  this  reason  that  the 
library  movement  in  Baroda  deserves  so  much 
credit.  It  was  not  an  indiscriminate  giving 
away  of  libraries  by  the  government,  in- 
fluenced perhaps  by  my  persuasive  tongue, 
but  a  movement  instituted  by  the  people 
themselves  and  backed  up  by  their  hard  earned 
rupees.  They  wanted  libraries  and  I  devised 
a  plan  by  which  they  could  get  them. 

The  plan  of  the  Baroda  System,  determined 
upon  at  the  beginning  of  the  movement  and 
now  being  carried  out,  is  as  follows : 

i.  A  Central  Library  of  200,000  vols.  in  Ba- 


December,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


661 


roda  City.  This  is  to  be,  mainly,  a  reference 
library,  but  all  of  its  books  will  be  at  the  call 
of  every  public  library  in  the  state.  It  hopes 
to  contain  every  one  of  the  5,000  Gujerati 
books  and  the  5,000  Maratha  books  already 
published. 


5.  Standard  libraries  of  200  vols.  each,  en- 
tirely in  the  vernacular,  in  each  of  the  2600 
small  villages,  whenever  each  village  reaches 
a  standard  of  literacy  entitling  it  to  have  a 
library. 

6.  A    system   of   traveling   libraries,   of   40 


2.  Three  smaller  reference  libraries  of  20,000      or   50  vernacular  books   each,   that  shall   go 


BARODA  DIVISION 


This  map  shows  the  position  of  the  libraries  in  the  Baroda  County  of  Baroda  State  at  the  end  of 
the  official  year  1911-12.  The  black  dots  show  the  120  village  libraries;  the  ringed  dots  the  14  town 
libraries.  The  double-ringed  dot  indicates  the  central  library  at  the  capital.  There  are  four  coun- 
ties in  Baroda  State.  This  map  shows  how  the  libraries  are  distributed  over  one  of  the  four. 


volumes  each,  in  the  other  three  counties  of 
the  state.  These  books  to  be  at  the  call  of 
every  public  library  in  the  respective  counties. 

3.  Thirty-eight  libraries  of  5000  vols.  each, 
in  the  other  principal  towns  of  the  state.  These 
books  to  be  largely  in  the  vernaculars,  and  to 
be  at  the  call  of  every  public  library  in  the 
surrounding  villages. 

4.  Libraries  of  500  vols.  each,  mostly  ver- 
nacular, in  each  of  the  426  large  villages  of 
the  state. 


from  one  village  to  another,  stopping  about 
three  months  in  each  place.  These  are  in- 
tended to  supplement  the  reading  rooms  in 
the  villages  too  poor  to  afford  libraries,  and  to 
keep  the  libraries  in  touch  with  the  newest,  or 
the  best  books. 

7.  A  system  of  control  is  to  run  from  the 
Central    Library    at    Baroda    down    to    the 
smallest   village,   though    each   unit   is   to   be 
largely  self   governed. 

8.  Each  library  in  the  chain  is  to  be  abso- 


662 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  1913 


lutely  free  to  every  citizen,  whatever  his 
caste  or  want  of  caste. 

By  means  of  this  system  every  citizen  of  the 
state  will  have  quick  access  to  the  ordinary 
books  he  may  want,  and  ultimate  access, 
through  his  village,  town  and  county,  to 
every  state-owned  book. 

By  these  means,  also,  each  community  will 
be  saved  the  expense  of  buying  many  costly 
or  little  used  books  which  all  libraries  have 
hitherto  felt  compelled  to  purchase  for  their 
individual  readers.  The  central  storehouses 
will  now  buy  these  books,  and  in  sufficient 
quantities  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  other 
libraries.  The  traveling  libraries  will  supply 
the  impetus  that  shall  induce  the  different 
communities  to  establish,  first,  reading  rooms, 
and  then  change  them  into  libraries. 

I  suppose  I  might  keep  you  here  for  an 
hour  or  two  explaining  the  Baroda  system 
of  classification  I  introduced  into  India,  or 
the  peculiar  form  of  catalog  that  was  required 
by  these  mutually  depending  libraries.  I  went 
down  to  India,  not  to  introduce  American 
methods  into  Indian  libraries,  but  to  engraft 
the  spirit  of  those  methods  onto  Indian  con- 
ditions. The  resulting  methods  were  in  many 
cases  new.  We  may  go  into  them  on  some 
future  occasion. 

But  before  the  plan  just  outlined  could  be 
put  into  good  working  order  a  trained  staff 
was  required,  not  only  in  the  Central  Library, 
but  in  the  larger  town  libraries  as  well.  For 
my  mission  in  India  was  only  to  start  things 
moving.  The  practical  management  of  the 
system  was  to  be,  ultimately,  in  native  hands. 

I  began  by  selecting  a  class  of  10  men  and 
women  of  exceptional  ability  and  I  gave  them 
a  thorough  training  in  the  theory  and  prac- 
tice of  librarianship.  After  they  had  had 
one  year  of  instruction  and  another  year  of 
practical  work  in  the  Central  Library,  I 
opened  a  summer  school  for  town  librarians 
in  Baroda  City,  making  the  course  five  months, 
and  putting  the  members  of  the  original  class 
in  as  instructors.  This  summer  class,  opened 
this  year,  consists  of  25  men,  whose  expenses 
are  paid  by  the  government.  In  future  years 
this  number  will  probably  be  increased. 

And  now  as  to  the  practical  carrying  out 
of  this  plan  for  a  system  of  interdepending 
libraries.  A  period  of  ten  years  was  allowed 
for  its  full  completion;  the  following  shows 
the  progress  of  the  work  for  the  first  2.^/2. 
years — one  quarter  of  the  time: 


A  reference  and  circulating  library  of  40,- 
ooo  vols.  has  been  established  in  Baroda  City 
and  25,000  more  books  are  waiting  to  be 
added  to  it  as  soon  as  shelf  room  can  be 
made  for  them.  This  room  has  now  been 
arranged  for.  Nearly  two  years  ago  I  asked 
H.  H.  the  Maharaja  Saheb  to  give  to  the 
Library  Department  a  beautiful  white  marble 
palace,  situated  in  the  exact  center  of  the 
walled  city  and  surrounded  by  five  acres  of 
artistic  ground.  Three  hundred  years  ago 
such  presumption  would  have  cost  me  my 
head,  and,  as  it  was,  it  caused  a  gasping  for 
breath  among  officials  that  undoubtedly  in- 
fluenced weather  conditions,  for  we  had  a 
light  monsoon  that  summer,  followed  by  a 
famine  in  the  winter. 

I  persisted  in  my  demand,  however,  and  I 
finally  got  the  palace.  It  is  now  being  changed 
over  for  our  purposes  and  will  be  occupied  as 
soon  as  possible.  It  is  190  ft.  long  and  no  ft. 
deep.  It  varies  from  two  to  four  stories  in 
height,  and  these  stories  are  all  19  ft.  between 
floors.  The  picture  of  it  which  is  used  as  a 
frontispiece  to  this  issue  of  the  LIBRARY  JOUR- 
NAL will  show  something  of  what  it  is.  I 
have  never  seen  a  more  beautiful  library 
building. 

Thus  the  central  storehouse,  the  key  of  the 
whole  system,  is  provided  for.  The  subsidiary 
storehouses  in  the  counties  are  not  yet  neces- 
sary; they  will  be  provided  when  the  time 
comes. 

Thirty-eight  town  libraries  have  been  estab- 
lished. These  are  small,  as  yet,  but  they  will 
grow.  They  vary  in  size  from  4000  to  300 
vols.  They  are  as  yet  largely  in  the  ver- 
naculars, but  will  add  English  books  as  the 
demand  for  them  develops.  In  one  or  two 
of  them  there  was  a  circulation,  for  home 
use,  of  7000  books  last  year. 

There  are  426  villages  in  the  state  having  a 
population  of  over  1000.  There  is  a  smaller 
percentage  of  literates  here  than  in  the  towns, 
and  yet  216  of  these  villages  have  already 
established  libraries  of  an  average  size  of  200 
vols.  Still  small,  of  course,  but  any  size 
will  do  for  a  start;  the  growth  comes  later 
as  the  demands  develop. 

There  are  2628  small  villages  in  the  state  of 
less  than  1000  souls,  at  least  we  will  assume 
that  their  inhabitants  have  souls,  though, 
being  Hindus,  their  own  opinions  differ  as  to 
that.  Some  of  these  villages  have  but  a  hand- 
ful of  men  who  can  read  (and  no  women), 


December,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


663 


others  have  even  less,  and  yet  86  of  them 
already  have  vernacular  libraries  and  no 
others  have  reached  the  reading-room  stage. 

We  have  also  established  140  small  travel- 
ing libraries,  which  are  now  going  to  the 
various  reading-rooms,  small  libraries,  and 
communities  throughout  the  state.  There  has 
grown  up  in  Baroda  a  regular  system  for 
the  establishment  of  these  small  libraries. 
First,  we  send  a  traveling  library  to  a  small 
village  and  put  it  under  the  charge  of  the 
village  school-master.  Then  the  village  wants 
the  newspapers  and  magazines  and  we  help 
them  start  a  reading-room,  which  also  con- 
tains the  traveling  library.  Then  they  want  a 
small  library  of  their  own,  and  we  help  them 
start  that.  Then  they  want  a  building  and 
again  we  help  them,  and  they  find  themselves 
a  library  community. 

When  I  left  Baroda  these  libraries  and  read- 
ing-rooms were  increasing  at  the  average  rate 
of  five  every  month.  At  that  time  the  sum  total 
was  451  libraries  and  reading-rooms  and  140 
traveling  libraries.  Not  a  bad  showing  for  a 
small  state  in  a  backward  country. 

These  libraries  showed  a  total  circulation, 
for  home  use,  of  over  150,000  books  during 
the  year  of  1911-12.  Not  bad  either,  when  one 
considers  that  there  are  only  200,000  people 
in  the  whole  state  who  can  read. 

In  addition,  I  have  induced  the  members 
of  my  staff  to  start  the  Baroda  Library 
Club,  which  meets  monthly  and  which  already 
has  a  respectable  membership. 

They  have  also  started  a  quarterly  maga- 
zine, devoted  to  library  matter,  called  the 
Library  Miscellany. 

Furthermore,  in  the  way  of  library  exten- 
sion, we  have  established  a  Visual  Instruction 


Branch,  for  the  benefit  of  the  many  who 
cannot  read.  This  branch  has  four  cinemato- 
graphs and  is  showing  educative  films  in  the 
villages  and  towns  of  the  state — free,  of 
course. 

I  have  been  asked  by  many  people  how  the 
library  conditions  in  Baroda  compare  with 
those  in  the  rest  of  India.  This  is  not  an 
easy  question  to  answer,  but  I  can  give  a 
general  idea  of  the  situation  in  the  following 
way :  In  the  larger  towns  of  Baroda  State, 
towns  such  as  Baroda,  Pattan,  Navsari, 
Sidhpur,  Petlad  and  Mehsana,  there  are 
at  present  some  fifteen  or  twenty  privately 
owned  subscription  libraries,  over  which  the 
government  has  no  control,  and  which  are 
not  included  in  the  foregoing  enumeration. 
Some  of  these  libraries  have  three  or  four 
thousand  books,  others  are  much  smaller.  If 
there  were  no  other  libraries  in  the  state  but 
these,  Baroda  would  still  be  on  a  par  with 
the  rest  of  India,  population  considered. 

These  are  the  things  we  have  done.  With 
the  doing  of  them  and  with  the  establishment 
of  the  plan  for  their  future  development,  my 
personal  work  in  Baroda  comes  to  an  end. 

My  lines  have  been  cast  in  pleasant  places. 
I  have  been  royally  treated  and  loyally  sup- 
ported, both  by  my  staff  and  by  the  govern- 
ment, and  these  two  are  now  abundantly  able 
to  carry  on  the  work  we  have  begun  to- 
gether. 

What  they  intend  to  do,  as  published  in 
the  above  plan,  is  large. 

What  they  hope  to  do,  not  published,  is 
larger  still. 

But  the  future  yet  lies  upon  the  knees  of 
the  gods.  It  may  be  dreamed  of,  but  until 
those  dreams  crystallize  into  deeds  it  were 
as  well  not  to  speak  of  them. 


THE   WORK   OF   TRUSTEES   IN   A   SMALL  LIBRARY 
BY  R.  R.  BOWKER. 


THE  work  of  the  trustees  in  the  small  library 
differs  qualitatively  as  well  as  quantitatively 
from  that  in  a  large  library,  as  I  have  in- 
dicated in  a  previous  article.  But  it  can  al- 
most be  said  that  it  is  the  difference  in  quan- 
tity which  makes  the  difference  in  quality. 
The  work  in  a  large  library  demands  organ- 
ization, technical  skill,  and  tested  method,  and 
the  librarian  must  therefore  be  of  distinctive- 


ly executive  character,  with  a  large  and  trained 
staff,  so  that  questions  are  brought  before  the 
trustees  in  an  organized  manner  and  with 
professional  advice.  The  work  in  a  small  li- 
brary is  more  usually  done  by  a  single  libra- 
rian, possibly  with  an  assistant  or  two — often 
gentlewomen,  who  thus  add  to  their  income — 
with  some  knowledge  of  books  in  general  and 
a  closer  knowledge  of  the  books  on  the 


664 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  1913 


shelves,  but  often  with  a  keen  and  intimate 
knowledge  of  the  people  using  the  library, 
which,  most  desirable  in  itself,  is  less  possible 
in  a  large  library  system.  The  trustees  be- 
come the  advisers  and  even  the  helpers  of  the 
librarian,  doing  themselves  something  of  the 
library  work,  and  the  distinction  between 
the  functions  of  the  trustees  and  of  the  li- 
brarian necessarily  becomes  vague.  As  the  li- 
brary enlarges  and  serves  a  wider  constituency, 
in  suburban  places  or  in  the  smaller  cities,  the 
type  of  administration  necessarily  changes ; 
library  school  graduates  come  to  the  aid  of 
the  skilled  or  unskilled  librarian,  and  the 
trustees  approach  more  nearly  in  character 
and  function  those  of  the  large  library. 

The  Massachusetts  town  library  at  Stock- 
bridge,  of  which  I  write,  is  one  of  the  oldest 
in  the  country  and  has  passed  through  many 
vicissitudes.  A  few  years  since  there  came 
to  light  in  the  library  the  little  blank  book  in 
which,  in  1789,  twenty-five  worthies  set  their 
names  to  the  constitution  of  the  Stockbridge 
Library  Society,  still  in  unfaded  ink.  This 
society,  under  various  names,  existed  only  un- 
til 1822,  when  the  shareholders  auctioned  off 
the  books  to  themselves.  In  the  early  days  of 
that  century  Stockbridge  had  two  other  libra- 
ries ;  one  at  another  village  in  the  township 
and  a  third  a  juvenile  library,  apparently 
started  by  school  children  loaning  books  to 
each  other.  There  seems  later  to  have  been  a 
lending  library  in  a  dressmaker's  house,  after- 
ward removed  to  a  private  school.  In  1862, 
when  patriotism  burned  bright,  the  present 
Stockbridge  Library  Association  was  founded 
by  the  three-fold  gift  of  $2000  for  books  by 
Nathan  Jackson,  after  whom  the  library  is 
sometimes  called,  of  a  piece  of  land  by  an- 
other citizen,  and  of  a  building  by  a  third, 
Squire  Goodrich,  by  whose  name  also  the  li- 
brary has  at  other  times  been  known.  The 
town  meeting  of  1864  voted  $300  appropria- 
tion, which  has  been  continued  in  increasing 
amount  to  the  present  time ;  and  in  1902  $4200 
was  appropriated  by  the  town  for  remodeling 
the  building. 

The  Stockbridge  Library  is  one  of  the  mi- 
nority remaining  in  Massachusetts  which  are 
not  absolutely  under  town  control.  It  was 
the  triumph  of  State  Librarian  Tillinghast,  of 
honored  memory,  that  without  elaborate  or- 
ganization by  the  Massachusetts  Library  Com- 
mission, some  kind  of  a  library  had  developed 
in  every  Massachusetts  township  but  one,  which 


had  library  service  from  the  adjoining  town. 
In  the  353  townships  in  Massachusetts,  Hyde 
Park  having  been  merged  with  Boston  since 
the  last  report  of  the  commission,  273 
libraries  are  entirely  owned  and  controlled  by  • 
the  towns  and  free  for  circulation  to  all  the 
people;  42  towns  have  free  libraries  in  which 
the  town  has  some  representation  in  the  man- 
agement, in  which  class  is  Stockbridge,  though 
it  is  mistakenly  scheduled  as  in  the  class  fol- 
lowing by  the  Library  Commission's  report ; 
26  have  free  libraries  to  which  the  town  ap- 
propriates money,  though  not  represented  in 
the  management;  n  have  free  libraries  with 
which  the  town  has  no  connection,  and  one 
town,  Newbury,  has  the  free  use  of  the  New- 
buryport  Public  Library  in  the  adjoining 
township. 

On  the  "Duties  and  opportunity  of  library 
trustees,"  in  a  small  library,  nothing  better 
is  to  be  found  than  the  admirable  paper  pub- 
lished under  that  title  by  the  Free  Public  Li- 
brary Commission  of  Massachusetts,  from  the 
pen  of  Miss  Alice  G.  Chandler,  advisory  vis- 
itor for  the  commission,  and  trustee  of  the 
Lancaster  Library,  which  can  be  had  on  ap- 
plication at  Boston,  and  should  be  carefully 
read  by  every  library  trustee  outside  of  as 
well  as  within  Massachusetts. 

The  librarian  at  Stockbridge  for  over  thirty 
years  was  a  gentlewoman  from  a  cultured 
family,  who  had  known  from  babyhood  every 
young  person  in  the  town,  and  knew  also  the 
life  history  of  every  other  citizen  or  resident. 
She  had  a  good  knowledge  of  the  contents  of 
the  library  and  an  exact  knowledge  of  the 
location  of  each  book  on  the  shelves — until  a 
rearrangement  on  the  decimal  system  of  the 
former  group  classification  disarranged  both 
the  books  and  her  mental  inventory  of  them. 
She  knew  what  Tom  and  Lizzy  wanted,  or 
ought  to  want,  and  was  very  helpful  to  them. 
But  she  never  attended  library  meetings,  or 
made  any  study  of  other  libraries,  or  became 
interested  in  modern  library  methods.  Within 
the  present  year  this  worthy  lady,  who  had 
served  the  people  of  Stockbridge  according 
to  her  lights,  retired  by  resignation,  declining 
the  usual  yearly  re-election,  because  of  urgent 
need  of  her  in  her  own  household.  I  make 
this  mention  of  her  as  a  just  tribute  to  faith- 
ful service  and  good  intentions,  and  as  a  rep- 
resentative illustration  of  the  New  England 
librarian  of  the  old  school. 

When  it  was  determined  to  keep  the  library 


December,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


665 


open  every  day  except  Sundays  and  holidays 
from  10  until  9,  except  at  the  supper  hour,  an 
assistant  was  added  to  the  force,  in  the  person 
of  a  younger  gentlewoman,  also  without  li- 
brary training,  but  who  has  since  shown  a 
good  deal  of  technical  interest  in  her  work, 
visiting  other  libraries  and  attending  library 
meetings  in  that  end  of  the  state.  An  acces- 
sion book  was  written  up  years  ago  by  one 
of  the  trustees,  and  has  since  been  continued 
by  the  librarian,  though  oftentimes  two  years 
behindhand;  a  card  catalog  has  been  kept 
more  nearly  up  to  date,  and  a  rearrangement 
of  books  on  the  decimal  system  was  made 
some  time  since  by  one  of  the  trustees  and 
the  assistant  librarian.  The  librarian  and  as- 
sistant librarian  had  no  hours  in  common  at 
the  library,  one  leaving  as  the  other  came,  so 
that  there  was  no  cooperation  between  them. 

On  the  resignation  of  her  chief,  the  assistant 
was  appointed  acting  librarian,  and  is  already 
facing  her  new  opportunities  and  earning  full 
promotion.  The  trustees  gave  notice  that  ap- 
plications would  be  received  for  the  post  of 
assistant,  and  this  place  will  be  filled  after 
careful  consideration  of  all  the  applicants,  the 
testing  of  the  more  promising  candidates  in 
the  library,  and  a  final  selection  based  upon 
the  candidate's  knowledge  both  of  books  and 
of  the  townspeople,  previous  use  of  the  li- 
brary as  a  reader,  and  fitness  for  the  task,  a 
resident  of  the  town  living  not  too  far  from 
the  library,  and  a  graduate  of  the  local  high 
school  naturally  having  preference  should 
other  qualifications  be  even.  Neither  salary- 
is  adequate  to  obtain  the  services  of  a  library 
school  graduate. 

With  the  change  in  administration,  it  is 
arranged  that  the  library  shall  be  opened  from 
10.30  to  9,  Sundays  and  specified  holidays  ex- 
cepted,  but  it  is  closed  during  the  noon  hour 
and  from  6  to  7,  when  it  is  found  that  prac- 
tically no  use  is  made  of  the  library.  Both 
the  librarian  and  assistant  will  be  in  attend- 
ance Wednesdays  and  Saturdays,  so  that  both 
may  be  at  the  service  of  the  public  on  days  of 
special  demand,  that  they  may  have  oppor- 
tunity for  consultation,  and  that  one  may  be 
at  the  delivery  desk  while  the  other  is  busied 
elsewhere.  Each  is  to  be  in  attendance  on 
two  other  days  of  the  week;  or  the  librarian, 
with  the  approval  of  the  trustees,  may  arrange 
for  dividing  those  days  of  work  between  the 
two.  Thus  a  library  service  of  8l/2  hours 
daily  or  fifty-one  hours  weekly  is  provided, 


and  each  of  the  two  ladies  is  expected  to 
serve  thirty-four  hours  in  the  week.  The 
service  is  shortened  from  the  usual  library 
week  in  view  of  the  moderate  stipend.  Among 
their  first  duties  under  the  new  regime  will 
be  a  recount  of  the  actual  number  of  books 
on  the  shelves,  a  revision  of  the  card  catalog, 
to  include  as  many  printed  cards  from  the 
Library  of  Congress  as  possible,  these  never 
having  been  utilized  before,  and  a  checking  of 
the  contents  of  the  library  on  the  A.  L.  A. 
catalog  and  supplements  and  on  the  new 
United  States  catalog,  which  will  thus  be 
made  a  printed  guide  to  the  chief  contents  of 
the  library — a  convenience  scarcely  possible 
in  larger  libraries.  In  this  work  the  librarians 
will  have  the  help  of  individual  trustees. 

This  town  library  is  operated  on  a  budget 
of  approximately  $1750  a  year,  towards  which 
the  town  meeting  usually  appropriates  $1000, 
in  addition  to  the  dog  tax.  This  tax,  after 
the  deductions  for  sheep  killed  by  dog?, 
usually  nets  somewhat  over  $200.  Fines  and 
rent  of  books  to  non-residents,  chiefly  sum- 
mer hotel  guests,  amount  to  somewhat  over 
$100.  Bequests  aggregating  $8000  give  an  in- 
come of  about  $400,  part  of  this  being  spe- 
cifically for  book  purchase.  The  salaries  are, 
for  the  librarian  $420,  for  the  assistant  $300, 
and  for  a  branch  librarian  at  Glendale  village 
$50,  the  total  brought  to  $800  or  more  by  pay- 
ment of  substitutes  in  vacation  time.  Care- 
taking  approximates  $150,  steam  heating  and 
electric  lighting  $300,  repairs  and  sundries 
$100.  About  $400  is  allotted  for  books,  pe- 
riodicals and  binding. 

The  library  has  six  trustees  elected  by  the 
association  at  its  annual  meeting,  four  of 
these  ladies  and  two  men,  and  a  seventh 
elected  by  the  town  at  annual  town  meeting. 
The  president,  vice-president,  secretary  and 
treasurer  are  elected  by  the  trustees,  and  the 
library  work  is  divided  between  two  committees 
of  three  each,  the  Administration  committee 
and  the  Book  committee,  the  president  being 
ex-oMcio  member  of  both.  The  trustees  have 
met  at  irregular  intervals  on  the  call  of  the 
president,  and  the  two  committees  also  ir- 
regularly, the  practical  work  being  done  large- 
ly through  the  chairman  of  the  two  commit- 
tees. There  is  also  an  advisory  book  com- 
mittee, which  meets  with  the  Book  committee 
on  occasion,  made  up  by  appointment  from 
townsfolk  not  members  of  the  board. 

Under   the   new    regime   the   trustees    meet 


666 


THE   LIBRARY   JOURNAL 


[December,  1913 


statedly  once  a  month,  the  Administration 
committee  meeting  half  an  hour  and  the  Book 
committee  an  hour  in  advance.  The  Book 
committee  is  expected  to  meet  fortnightly,  so 
that  new  books  may  be  promptly  purchased. 
The  Administration  committee  has  charge  of 
everything  except  the  selection  and  purchase 
of  books,  but  for  the  most  part  its  work  is 
that  of  the  care  of  the  building  and  surround- 
ings, most  of  the  administration  work  being 
brought  directly  before  the  board  meeting.  Its 
work  devolves  chiefly  upon  the  chairman,  and 
the  representative  of  the  town  on  the  board 
fulfills  this  important  task.  But  the  ladies  of 
the  board  lend  a  hand  in  the  housekeeping, 
and  have  even  been  known  to  apply  them- 
selves personally  and  vigorously  to  the  work 
of  housecleaning — a  function  somewhat  out 
of  the  scope  of  the  trustees  of  a  large  li- 
brary. 

It  is  in  the  selection  of  books  that  much 
of  the  work  of  the  trustees  is  done.  The 
library  has  a  suggestion  box,  to  which  users 
are  invited  to  contribute  specifically  sugges- 
tions of  books  which  they  desire,  and  the  li- 
brarian is  expected  to  pass  over  these  sug- 
gestions with  her  comment  to  the  Book  com- 
mittee, together  with  a  list  prepared  in  con- 
sultation with  the  assistant  from  the  A.  L.  A. 
Booklist  and  other  bibliographical  sources. 
The  Book  committee  is  authorized  to  make 
immediate  purchases  between  meetings  of  the 
trustees,  but  all  important  purchases  are  rec- 
ommended to  the  trustees  and  passed  upon 
by  them.  The  advisory  book  committee  is 
called  upon  to  meet  with  the  Book  committee 
and  sometimes  with  the  trustees,  and  the 
members  of  this  are  specially  charged  with 
making  suggestions  for  strengthening  respec- 
tive departments  of  books.  Thus  when  the 
trustees  meet  in  the  library  once  a  month, 
gathered  around  the  revolving  library  desk 
which  Jonathan  Edwards  used  in  writing  "The 
freedom  of  the  will,"  they  take  part  in  a  book 
symposium  which  is  really  the  most  interest- 
ing and  vital  part  of  their  work. 


In  the  reclassification  of  the  library  and  in 
the  weeding  out  of  dead  books,  the  trustees 
have  also  taken  personal  part.  The  shelf  ca- 
pacity of  the  Stockbridge  Library  suffices  for 
10,000  volumes,  and  it  has  -been  considered  that 
a  library  collection  of  this  size  is  quite  ade- 
quate for  local  purposes,  provided  it  is  sys- 
tematically weeded  out  and  brought  up  to 
date.  It  is  really  much  harder  to  do  this  in  a 
small  than  in  a  large  library,  because  book 
selection  and  subsequent  weeding  must  be 
much  more  stringent. 

One  of  the  most  important  features  of  the 
Stockbridge  Library  is  its  local  collection  of 
books  printed  in  Stockbridge — for  in  old  days 
it  had  a  press — or  written  by  Stockbridge  au- 
thors, or  containing  references  to  Stockbridge 
and  the  Berkshires.  In  making  and  increas- 
ing this  collection,  the  trustees  have  taken  the 
leading  part.  The  result  is  already  a  collec- 
tion of  several  hundred  volumes,  for  Stock- 
bridge  has  been  the  residence  of  many  au- 
thors and  has  had  much  written  about  it. 
Nathaniel  Hawthorne  wrote  some  of  his  tales 
in  the  little  house  on  the  edge  of  Stockbridge 
Bowl,  though  he  is  more  often  associated 
with  Lenox;  Catherine  Sedgwick's  "Hope 
Leslie,"  now  a  rare  book,  had  both  its  birth 
and  its  scene  in  Stockbridge,  and  the  collec- 
tion embraces  not  only  many  books  written 
by  Stockbridge  permanent  residents,  but  by 
temporary  sojourners,  who  include  G.  P.  R. 
James  and  Matthew  Arnold.  Pamphlets  and 
newspapers  printed  in  Stockbridge  are  also 
embraced  in  the  collection,  though  it  has  been 
very  difficult  to  obtain  more  than  fugitive 
numbers  of  the  newspapers,  the  first  of  which 
was  the  Western  Star  of  1790.  A  local  col- 
lection such  as  this  should  be  a  chief  feature 
of  a  town  library,  though  few  would  have 
the  wealth  of  that  in  this  historic  town,  and 
under  the  system  of  library  exchange  these 
local  collections  furnish  an  important  part  of 
the  national  library  system  and  of  the  facil- 
ities extended  by  or  through  the  larger 
libraries. 


SAMUEL  SWETT  GREEN : 

SOME  AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES   OF   INCIDENTS    IN   HIS   LIFE 

As    I    understand    the    matter,    the    article      of    Mrs.    Levi    Heywood.      Tradition    has    it 
desired  from  me  is  an  account  of  myself  that      that  although  I  was  very  young  when  I  went 


shall   be   not   only  autobiographical   but   inti- 
mate. 

The  first  school  which  I  attended  was  that 


to  her  school  I  was  allowed  to  go  because 
I  was  so  urgent  to  do  what  my  big  brother 
did. 


December,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


667 


Her  theory  was,  it  is  said,  that  when  chil- 
dren do  not  behave  well,  it  is  not  that  they 
are  naughty,  but  because  they  are  tired.  So 
she  had  in  a  back  room  beds,  and  sent  refrac- 
tory children  there  to  lie  down,  sometimes 
even  insisting  that  they  were  so  tired  that  it 
was  necessary  for  them  to  undress  and  go  to 
bed. 

The  infant  school  with  which  I  was  most 
conversant  and  which  I  attended  several  years 
was  kept  by  Mrs.  Sarah  B.  Wood.  It  was 
noticeable  that  most  members  of  well-to-do 
families  of  my  time  wrote  a  distinct  and  ex- 
cellent hand,  and  that  there  was  a  close  re- 
semblance between  the  script  of  all  of  us. 
We  all  wrote  as  Mrs.  Wood  wrote. 

It  was  in  the  schoolroom  of  Mrs.  Wood 
that  I  had  my  introduction  to  libraries  of  a 
public  character.  Mrs.  Wood  was  librarian 
of  the  Worcester  Lyceum  and  of  the  Bangs 
Library,  which  had  been  given  with  a  small 
endowment  to  the  Second  Parish  of  the  town 
of  Worcester,  for  the  benefit  of  members 
of  that  parish,  by  Edward  D.  Bangs,  who 
was  at  one  time  secretary  of  state  of 
Massachusetts.  My  family  were  children 
and  grandchildren  of  original  attendants  of 
the  services  of  that  parish  and  continuing  our 
connection  with  the  church  were  allowed 
books  from  the  latter  library.  All  persons,  I 
believe,  who  had  bought  tickets  for  the  an- 
nual course  of  lectures  given  by  the  Lyceum 
were  eligible  to  use  of  the  former  library. 
Saturday  afternoons  the  furniture  of  the 
schoolroom  was  rearranged  and  Mrs.  Wood 
stood  behind  a  barrier,  in  immaculately  clean 
and  tastefully  trimmed  cap  and  a  spare  gown, 
and  dispensed  and  charged  books. 

From  this  school  I  went  by  examination 
into  a  public  'grammar  school.  The  examina- 
tion was  oral  and  conducted  in  a  sober  but 
kindly  way  by  a  member  of  the  school  com- 
mittee, one  who  did  not  frighten  me  because 
he  was  the  gentle  and  genial  pastor  of  Mrs. 
Wood  and  myself,  and  whose  face  was  famil- 
iar and  pleasant  to  all  the  candidates  for 
promotion. 

Everything  went  smoothly  with  me  in  the 
upper  grades.  In  the  grammar  school  I  did 
especially  well  in  arithmetic  and  gained  rapid 
promotion  on  that  account.  Parsing  I  did  not 
comprehend  there,  but  as  my  mind  developed 
and  the  study  of  Latin  was  begun  in  the  High 


School  I  became  fond  of  grammar.  My  stand- 
ing was  always  good  in  the  latter  school, 
which  I  entered  at  the  age  of  twelve,  and 
where  I  remained  until  I  went  to  Harvard 
College  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  in  1854. 

But  a  word  about  home  life  before  going 
further.  Brought  up  by  my  mother  mainly, 
I  was  always  treated  with  the  greatest  ten- 
derness. It  must  have  been  easy  to  govern 
me,  for  if  I  did  anything  wrong  all  that  she 
had  to  do  was  to  express  her  disapproval  by 
looking  sober.  I  could  not  bear  being  es- 
tranged from  my  mother  for  more  than  a 
few  minutes,  and  was  ready  to  submit  my 
will  to  hers  because  of  the  necessity  I  felt  of 
being  in  sympathy  with  her.  I  do  not  think 
that  she  ever  dreamed  of  striking  me  or  of 
asking  my  father  to  do  so.  This  intimacy 
and  mutual  affection  lasted  through  life.  I 
gave  up  marriage,  and  when  she  was  left  alone 
took  care  of  her  until  she  died  in  her  ninety- 
fourth  year.  Her  last  words,  and  I  think  I 
never  have  spoken  of  this  before,  were  "Sam, 
I  love  you  dearly." 

Besides  the  strong  sympathy  between  my 
mother  and  myself  another  motive  which  was 
effective  in  controlling  me  was  an  earnest  de- 
sire to  appear  well  in  the  sight  of  others  whom 
I  respected  or  loved. 

My  mother's  course  with  me  was  not  wholly 
wise,  however.  Not  liking  the  company  I  was 
likely  to  find  in  the  neighborhood  in  which 
we  lived,  she  encouraged  me  to  stay  in  the 
house.  There  are  still  in  my  possession  pieces 
of  worsted  embroidery  made  by  my  older 
brother  and  myself.  It  would  have  been  bet- 
ter for  me  to  have  lived  an  outdoor  life,  and 
to  have  engaged  in  plays  in  the  open  air 
as  most  other  boys  do.  My  father  bought  two 
ponies  later  for  his  boys.  We  rode  these,  and 
drove  them  in  a  little  buggy  singly,  abreast 
or  tandem,  but  did  not  take  care  of  them  our- 
selves. The  amount  of  outdoor  life  and  of 
exercise  which  I  experienced  was  insufficient 
and  in  college  and  immediately  after  gradua- 
tion I  was  much  of  the  time  an  invalid. 

My  father  was  engaged  in  business  during 
the  week,  but  on  pleasant  Sundays  took  a 
walk  with  his  boys.  He  had  signed  as  surety 
on  the  bond  of  a  dignified  man  of  affable 
bearing  who  served  as  jailer  of  the  County 
House  and  not  infrequently  would  take  us 
to  the  jail  Sunday  afternoons  when  this  gen- 


668 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{December,  1913 


tleman  would  show  us  through  the  wards,  ex- 
citing pleasantly  our  pity  for  the  prisoners.  I 
have  often  wondered  whether  my  father  did 
not  regard  these  visits  as  quiet  reminders  of 
the  results  of  wrongdoing  which  would  be 
salutary  in  affording  object  lessons  to  us  of 
the  danger  of  misbehavior  and  what  might 
come  of  it. 

As  I  have  said,  I  was  unwell  during  a 
considerable  portion  of  my  college  course. 
After  being  at  Cambridge  about  a  month  it 
was  stated  to  my  great  surprise  that  I  stood 
at  the  head  of  the  class.  I  was  suffering  from 
inflamed  eyes  and  felt  that  it  would  be  an 
unwarrantable  strain  on  my  health  to  try  to 
retain  such  a  position  and  withdrew  volun- 
tarily for  a  few  weeks  from  college  to  rest, 
giving  up  all  thought  of  rank  during  the  rest 
of  my  college  course.  I  went  through  it, 
however,  honorably  and  with  profit  to  myself, 
keeping  generally  to  myself  and  making  very 
few  friendships. 

Never  robust,  but  often  ailing  while  in  col- 
lege, I  was  languid  for  two  or  three  years 
after  graduation.  Graduating  in  the  summer 
of  1858,  I  went  the  next  year  on  a  sailing 
voyage  from  Boston  to  Smyrna  in  a  clipper 
barque  and  thence,  while  the  vessel  was  lying 
in  harbor  at  the  latter  place,  in  a  steamer  to 
Constantinople  and  back  to  Smyrna  for  a 
return  passage  in  the  sailing  vessel. 

After  being  out  of  college  two  years  I  be- 
gan to  feel  some  revival  of  energy  and  entered 
the  Divinity  School  of  Harvard  University 
in  the  autumn  of  1860.  Alas,  however,  I  had 
begun  work  too  soon,  and  after  I  had  been 
in  the  school  a  short  time  an  eminent  Cam- 
bridge physician  sent  me  home.  "Get  a 
horse,"  he  said,  "and  ride  about  among  the 
White  Mountains."  He  expressed  the  hopeful 
belief  that  after  the  present  symptoms  disap- 
peared I  should  be  permanently  better.  This 
proved  to  be  the  case,  and  I  felt  able  at  the 
beginning  of  the  next  college  year  to  begin 
work  again  at  the  Divinity  School,  where  I 
remained  without  interruption  during  the  pre- 
scribed course  of  three  years. 

While  in  the  school,  however,  I  was  drafted 
for  service  in  the  Civil  War.  Of  course,  it 
was  impossible  for  me  to  join  the  army,  and 
I  went  with  a  mutual  friend  to  the  Provost 
Marshal,  armed  with  doctors'  certificates 
showing  that  if  I  tried  to  serve  I  should  be- 


come  incapacitated  at  once.  Full  of  patriot- 
ism I  felt  chagrined  that  I  could  not  help  the 
country  actively,  but  how  much  more  was  I 
humiliated  when  the  officer  in  charge  looking 
at  me  said  at  once,  "You  are  too  short,"  and 
declined  to  examine  my  papers.  Word  came 
very  soon  after  this  so  modifying  the  rule 
that  my  lack  of  height  would  not  have  ex- 
empted me. 

In  the  school  I  found  much  benefit  from 
the  knowledge  I  gained  of  the  principles  of 
exegesis  and  from  the  tussle  that  I  had  with' 
the  great  questions  of  religious  philosophy. 
My  studies  quieted  my  mind,  which  had  been 
troubled  for  years  by  inability  to  find  solu- 
tions of  great  questions,  and  contributed  pow- 
erfully to  the  restoration  to  excellent  health 
afterwards  attained,  and  gave  me  a  side  study 
which  has  added  during  my  life  to  the  enjoy- 
ment of  active  pursuits. 

When  I  left  the  Divinity  School  I  saw  at 
once  that  my  theology  was  unsaleable,  al- 
though to-day  it  would  be  regarded  with  quite 
general  favor.  I  went  ahead  in  my  viewsr 
however,  and  have  written  a  book  since  leav- 
ing library  work  called  "Peace  in  doubt," 
which  describes  the  conclusions  which  finally 
gave  me  satisfaction  and  peace.  This  I  mean 
to  publish  later,  after  having  simplified  it  to 
meet  the  needs  of  young  men,  who  are  the 
usual  doubters.  I  will  merely  say  here  that 
in  its  conclusions  it  is  not  negative  but  posi- 
tive, and  while  radical  yet  preservative  of 
comfort  and  happiness. 

I  had  not  health  enough  in  1864  to  enable 
me  to  fight  my  way  in  a  pulpit  nor  was  my 
system  sufficiently  matured  at  that  time.  So- 
I  at  once  changed  my  plans  and  a  position 
offering  of  bookkeeper  in  a  bank  accepted  the 
post  and  a  few  months  later  became  teller 
in  the  largest  bank  in  Worcester.  In  that 
position  I  remained  for  several  years. 

While  teller  I  was  chosen  in  1867  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Free 
Public  Library  established  in  1859,  of  which 
an  uncle  of  mine  was  the  "principal  founder." 
In  that  position  I  found  congenial  occupation 
and  began  immediately  to  take  an  active  part 
in  the  doings  of  the  board. 

In  1870  I  had  my  last  sickness  and  was  laid 
up  for  a  few  weeks  with  rheumatic  fever.  I 
resigned  my  place  in  the  bank  and  went  West 
as  I  was  recovering.  I  returned  in  good 


SAMUEL    SWETT    GREEN 


December,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


669 


health,  soon  becoming  entirely  cured,  and 
have  had  no  twinge  of  rheumatism  or  any 
illness  since.  I  learned  in  my  early  experi- 
ence how  to  take  care  of  myself  and  am  en- 
joying an  old  age  free  from  all  aches  and 
pains  as  the  result  of  carefully  observing  the 
laws  of  health. 

On  my  return  to  Worcester  I  found  that  a 
matter  which  had  been  agitating  the  board 
of  directors  for  some  time  had  come  to  a 
head  and  that  it  had  been  determined  that 
we  must  have  a  new  librarian.  As  secretary 
of  the  Library  Committee  of  the  board  I  had 
made  myself  acquainted  with  the  best  ways 
of  doing  library  work  and  offered  many  sug- 
gestions respecting  improvements.  In  the 
present  exigency  I  said  to  the  president  of  the 
board,  without  the  slightest  purpose  of  be- 
coming a  candidate  for  the  position,  that  I 
was  very  much  chagrined  to  see  that  the  ref- 
erence library  which  my  uncle  had  given  to 
the  city  and  endowed,  was  hardly  used  at  all. 
It  seemed  to  me  that  we  ought  to  pick  out  a 
librarian  who,  with  sufficient  business  ability 
combined  a  large  knowledge  of  books  and  a 
spirit  of  enthusiasm  for  disseminating  in- 
formation, and  then  invite  all  persons  in  the 
-community  who  had  questions  to  ask  to  come 
to  the  library  and  put  them  with  confidence 
that  every  effort  would  be  made  to  find  an- 
swers. 

"In  a  population  of  60,000  persons,"  I  said, 
"there  must  be  innumerable  questions  which 
people  would  like  to  have  answered  that  the 
books  in  our  library  or  others  that  we  may 
buy  would  answer.  The  trouble  must  be  that 
they  do  not  know  what  books  to  ask  for. 
They  ought  to  find  at  the  library  a  person 
who  will  receive  them  cordially  and  feel  it  a 
privilege  to  search  for  the  books  to  give  them 
required  information  and  put  them  into  their 
hands,  and  borrow  or  buy  books  when  nec- 
essary to  give  the  assistance  needed." 

The  president  listened  sympathetically,  and 
finally,  much  to  my  surprise,  said:  "Why  do 
not  you  take  the  position?  You  seem  to  have 
found  out  the  conditions  of  the  problem  to 
be  solved  and  made  a  wise  decision  as  to 
how  to  solve  it."  I  replied  that  I  had  no 
thought  of  becoming  librarian  myself,  but  was 
only  speaking  as  a  member  of  the  board,  and 
further  as  moved  by  a  family  interest. 

After  considering    the  proposition    I    con- 


cluded to  accept  it  for  a  year,  feeling  quite 
sure  that  in  that  time  I  could  demonstrate 
the  practicability  and  usefulness  of  my  plan. 
I  became  interested  in  the  work  and  remained 
in  the  position  of  librarian  of  the  same  library 
for  thirty-eight  years.  A  description  of  the 
simple  methods  adopted  in  getting  a  library 
used  for  "purposes  of  reference  in  every-day 
affairs,  and  of  some  of  the  results  during  the 
first  five  years  or  so,  was  given  in  a  supple- 
ment to  the  sixteenth  annual  report  of  the 
Free  Public  Library.  That  supplement  was, 
at  the  request  of  the  Board  of  Directors, 
printed  as  a  separate  pamphlet  and  distrib- 
uted at  the  Centennial  Exposition  in  Phila- 
delphia in  1876.  The  same  subject  was  treated 
more  fully  in  a  paper  read  at  the  conference 
of  librarians  held  in  the  same  place  and  year 
at  which  the  American  Library  Association 
was  formed,  entitled  "The  desirableness  of 
establishing  personal  intercourse  and  relations 
between  librarians  and  readers  in  popular  li- 
braries" (LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  v.  i,  pp.  74-81). 

The  commendation  of  the  methods  (and 
their  results)  in  Worcester  in  the  Boston 
Daily  Advertiser  and  in  the  leading  New 
York  papers  and  the  following  year  in  a  lead- 
ing literary  journal  in  London,  and  compari- 
sons with  the  accommodations  afforded  in 
the  last  two  named  cities,  are  mentioned  in 
the  closing  portions  of  my  library  reminis- 
cences recently  published  by  the  Boston  Book 
Company. 

Mr.  Foster  of  Providence  necessarily  dele- 
gated all  personal  intercourse  to  assistants 
(LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  v.  4,  p.  80),  if  the  libra- 
rian is  to  be  occupied,  as  he  was,  in  prepar- 
ing manuscript  or  printed  bibliographies.  He 
afterwards  opened  a  bureau  of  information 
in  his  library.  This  is  an  excellent  feature, 
but  it  has  always  seemed  to  me  that  with  or 
without  a  bureau,  if  this  kind  of  work  is  to 
be  delegated  to  assistants,  several  well  edu- 
cated persons  should  be  instructed  to  do  it, 
and  that  if  the  head  of  a  library  of  moderate 
size  is  the  best  person  in  the  library  to  ren- 
der personal  assistance  he  should  take  some 
share  in  it  and  let  assistants  do  some  work 
that  he  would  otherwise  perform.  Of  course, 
in  a  very  large  institution  some  especial  per- 
son of  large  accomplishments,  with  such  as- 
sistants as  he  needs,  should  do  the  work,  or 
better  still  the  library  should  where  possible 


670 


THE   LIBRARY   JOURNAL 


[December,  1913, 


have  experts  in  different  branches  of  knowl- 
edge to  whom  to  refer  inquirers. 

The  contributions  which  I  made  to  the  ac- 
celerated library  movement  which  began  in 
this  country  in  1876  have  been  described 
briefly  in  the  closing  portions  of  "The  public 
library  movement  in  the  United  States,  1853- 
1893,"  Boston  Book  Co.,  1913.  My  work  as  a 
librarian  has  been  described  by  me  in  "Libra- 
ries in  Worcester"  in  the  "History  of  Wor- 
cester County,"  compiled  by  D.  H.  Kurd, 
Philadelphia,  1889;  "Public  libraries  of  Wor- 
cester" in  "Worcester  of  1898,"  edited  by  Frank- 
lin P.  Rice  and  published  in  Worcester;  and 
in  an  address  delivered  on  the  fiftieth  anniver- 
sary of  the  founding  of  the  Free  Public  Li- 
brary, in  1909,  and  printed  in  a  pamphlet 
issued  by  .the  library.  It  was  also  described 
in  a  pamphlet  entitled  "Samuel  Swett  Green. 
Worcester  Free  Public  Library.  Director 
1867-1871.  Librarian  1871-1909,"  by  Professor 
Zelotes  W.  Coombs;  and  in  "Samuel  Swett 
Green — An  appreciation,"  by  Austin  S.  Gar- 
ver,  Worcester  Magazine,  v.  12,  pp.  36  and  37. 
The  same,  somewhat  enlarged,  appeared  in 
the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  v.  34,  pp.  269-271. 

It  may  be  well  to  close  this  account 
by  saying  a  few  words  about  the  way 
in  which  I  helped  to  get  the  city  of  Worces- 
ter to  put  up  a  new  library  building.  The  city 
had  been  induced  to  buy  a  lot  of  land  adjoin- 
ing the  older  building  and  the  following  year 
it  was  desirable  to  start  the  new  structure 
which  was  put  up  as  an  addition,  but  was 
much  larger  than  the  original  building. 

Just  as  we  began  to  enlighten  members  of 
the  city  government  in  regard  to  our  needs 
a  movement  was  started  for  making  expen- 
sive expenditures  in  the  schoolhouses  of  the 
city  for  heating  and  ventilating  apparatus.  It 
looked  as  though  it  might  be  difficult  to  get 
the  committee  to  recommend  these  improve- 
ments and  yet  vote  money  for  a  new  library 
building  the  same  year. 

I  suggested  that  the  board  of  directors  of 
the  library  call  a  special  meeting  and  invite 
the  building  committee  to  meet  with  us.  The 
committee  accepted  the  invitation.  I  received 
it  with  great  politeness  and  escorted  it  to  the 
room  where  the  directors  had  assembled  and 


seated  the  members  around  the  table,  putting 
each  member  between  two  members  of  the 
board.  The  president  made  some  remarks  ex- 
plaining why  we  had  come  together  and  then 
called  on  me  to  describe  our  needs  at  length. 
I  knew  that  much  depended  on  the  result  of 
the  conference  and  threw  myself  into  the 
work  of  making  the  imperativeness  of  re- 
quirements obvious  and  being  full  of  the  sub- 
ject spoke  not  only  at  length,  but  with  great 
enthusiasm. 

The  building  committee  made  a  favorable 
report  to  the  city  government  and  the  matter 
was  referred  to  the  finance  committee  to  see 
if  money  could  be  provided.  The  members  of 
that  committee  were  invited  to  the  library 
and  seated  among  the  directors  as  in  the  case 
of  the  other  committee  and  the  same  facts 
and  arguments  were  enthusiastically  pre- 
sented to  them.  That  committee  went  back 
to  its  room  and  voted  to  recommend  for  the 
library  more  than  we  had  asked  for,  to  use 
in  beginning  the  building.  The  city  govern- 
ment ratified  its  action. 

It  was  the  duty  of  the  building  committee 
of  the  city  government  to  have  plans  made 
and  superintend  the  expenditure  of  the  money, 
but  it  wisely  asked  for  a  conference  with 
members  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  li- 
brary. At  that  conference  after  a  little  pleas- 
ant conversation  a  prominent  member  of  the 
board,  a  very  influential  citizen,  remarked 
that  I  knew  better  than  anybody  else  what 
was  wanted  and  moved  that  an  architect  be 
designated  to  work  with  me  in  embodying  my 
ideas,  and  that  the  superintendent  of  public 
buildings  of  the  city  be  requested  to  render 
any  assistance  that  he  could.  The  motion  was 
unanimously  carried. 

It  was  easy  the  year  following,  the  build- 
ing had  been  carried  along  so  rapidly,  to  get 
money  enough  to  finish  it  and  the  following" 
year  enough  to  furnish  it.  It  was  in  January, 
1891,  that  we  occupied  the  new  building  in 
conjunction  with  the  older.  Now  another 
large  addition  or  a  new  building  will  soon  be 
needed.  I  trust  that  the  same  energy,  judi- 
cious action  and  tact  will  be  shown  by  some- 
one now  in  authority  and  the  library  will 
secure  it. 


December,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


67I 


A     VISUAL     PRESENTATION     OF    LI- 
BRARY WORK 

BY   OLIVE  HAYES,  Pratt  Institute  School   of 
Library  Science 

AN  annual  exhibition  of  the  year's  work 
has  long  been  a  practice  of  Pratt  Institute.  The 
Library  School  has  hitherto  had  no  part  in 
this,  as  it  was  not  thought  that  library  work 
could  be  graphically  shown.  This  year,  how- 
ever, the  vice-director  gave  to  the  class  the 


were  left- to  the  class,  three  days  being  given 
to  it  before  the  opening,  June  12. 

The  first  exhibit  illustrated  the  various  proc- 
esses of  getting  a  book  into  the  library.  A 
book  was  actually  put  through  these  steps, 
which  were  made  graphic  by  a  drawing,  "The 
library  ladder,"  whose  rungs  were  the  various 
processes.  Books  were  represented  as  climbing 
from  one  process  to  another  and  at  the  top 
took  wings  "off  to  the  public." 

The  necessity  for  classification  was  shown 


CLASSir  I  CATION  OF  BOOKS 

Classification,  is  the  grouping  together  ir>  logical  order  of  books  that  treat  of  similar  subjects. 

Tnis  maybe  done  in  many  ways,  but  tine  scheme  in  common  use  is  the:  Dewey  Decimal 

classification  by  vvnfch  books  are  assigned  "numbers  that  stand  for  subjects. 

ByJbisme<3ns  books  onedmwgecj  both  rn  nuroericdforder  onrbe  shelves,  and  by  subject  of  the  same  time. 


520 


533 


541 


S30 


582 


These  books  arelMOTclassified.        "Jfoese  same  books  ARE  classified 

ty  the  Dewcy  Classi  ffcation. 

In  which^oup  would  if  be  ttie  easier  to  find  the  boofoaboutlnsects? 


problem  of  visually  presenting  the  work  of  the 
library  school  so  as  to  make  it  interesting  to 
the  public. 

The  exhibition  was  also  intended  to  show 
that  libraries  could  make  use  of  the  same 
methods  of  presentation  that  have  been  so 
successfully  used  by  child  welfare  work,  tuber- 
culosis campaigns,  etc.  The  popularity  and 
success  of  such  methods  in  these  fields  show 
how  an  interest  may  be  created,  a  conviction 
of  the  value  of  a  work  deepened,  and  in- 
creased support  gained  for  it.  For  this  rea- 
son it  was  thought  librarians  might  be  inter- 
ested in  an  account  of  the  way  the  class 
worked  out  this  problem. 

The  reputation  of  the  exhibition  of  the  other 
institute  departments  put  the  Library  School 
on  its  mettle  to  maintain  the  Pratt  standard, 
and  with  one  mind  we  worked  to  that  end, 
asking  ourselves  at  every  step,  "Will  the  pub- 
lic enjoy  this?  Will  it  be  intelligible  and  in- 
teresting to  the  layman  ?" 

After  one  conference  with  the  vice-director, 
the  preparation  and  installation  of  the  exhibit 


by  a  drawing  of  two  groups  of  books,  one  a 
collection  of  scientific  works  arranged  with  no 
idea  of  sequence;  the  other,  the  same  books 
classified  and  marked  according  to  Dewey.  Un- 
derneath was  the  question,  "In  which  group 
would  it  be  the  easier  to  find  the  books  on 
insects?" 

What  excited  as  much  interest  as  anything 
was  an  exhibit  showing  the  difference  poor  or 
good  cataloging  makes  in  the  use  of  a  book. 
First  there  was  a  new  copy  of  White's  "Prac- 
tical designing,"  a  collection  of  papers  on  the 
minor  arts  by  different  authorities.  For  this 
there  was  a  single  author  card  attached  to  the 
one  question  it  answered  by  a  tape  leading  to 
the  book.  Numerous  questions  were  also  at- 
tached to  which  there  were  no  answers.  The 
book  thus  formed  the  center  of  a  circle  of  un- 
answered questions.  Above  the  table  was  a 
placard  bearing  these  terse  sentences:  "This 
book  looks  new.  Why?  Because  nobody 
knows  what  is  in  it.  It  is  poorly  cataloged." 

The  antithesis  to  this  was  a  soiled  and  much 
worn  copy  of  the  same  book,  for  which  all 


672 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  1913 


the  possible  author  and  subject  analytical  had 
been  made.  Numerous  questions,  each  at- 
tached to  the  cards  that  answered  them, 
radiated  from  the  book,  while  above  it 
hung  a  placard  with  the  following:  "This 
book  is  worn.  Why?  It  can  be  reached 
through  24  sources.  It  is  well  cataloged." 
A  high  school  boy  to  whom  the  "poorly 


cataloged*'  exhibit  was  explained  on  see- 
ing the  worn  copy  remarked  to  his  com- 
panion: "See,  it's  dirty;  it's  been  used;  it's 
well  cataloged." 

Next  came  the  Reference  department.  The 
greater  part  of  the  space  allotted  to  this  was 
used  in  showing  the  importance  of  reference 
work.  A  drawing  represented  the  reference 
library  as  the  keystone  of  an  arch,  the  other 
stones  being  various  phases  of  intellectual  ac- 
tivity. The  solution  of  a  typical  reference 
problem  was  illustrated  by  a  circle  in  which 
lines  representing  the  aspects  of  the  subject 
radiated  from  the  question  at  the  center  to  the 
circumference  where  were  indicated  depart- 


ments of  the  library  in  which  the  information 
was  found.  The  books,  pamphlets,  etc.,  con- 
taining the  information  were  grouped  around 
the  chart.  A  cleverly  drawn  cartoon  showed 
the  reference  librarian  deep  in  a  book  while  a 
swarm  of  question  marks,  How?  When? 
Where?  What?,  etc.,  buzzed  around  her. 

The  reading  lists  and  picture  bulletins  made 
by  the  class  for  the  library  were  shown.  A 
large  map  of  New  England  was  illustrated  by 
post  card  pictures  of  the  libraries  visited  by 
the  class  on  the  spring  trip.  A  collection  of 
materials  used  in  the  lectures  in  printing  and 
binding,  including  books  at  different  stages  of 
the  process  of  binding  were  included  in  the 
exhibition. 

The  display  was  seen  by  nearly  five  hundred 
visitors,  ranging  from  high  school  students  to 
librarians  and  teachers.  Comments  were  in- 
teresting and  freely  given ;  some  said  that  they 
would  use  the  library  more  intelligently  here- 
after; others  expressed  surprise  at  the  labor 
involved  in  making  the  library  so  easily  acces- 
sible. One  kindergartner  pronounced  the  ex- 
hibition "a  remarkable  expression  of  self  ac- 
tivity." 

As  a  class,  we  feel  that  this  undertaking  be- 
gun with  so  much  trepidation  was  the  best 
possible  review  of  the  year's  work,  unifying  it 
and  giving  us  a  working  knowledge  of  it,  and 
we  are  also  very  sure  that  it  is  possible  to  pro- 
mote an  intelligent  interest  in  the  work  of  a 
library  by  similar  exhibitions. 


A  LOCAL  HISTORY  EXHIBITION 

BY     A     SUBURBAN     LIBRARIAN 

NEITHER  Thucydides  nor  Herodotus  could 
have  had  more  fun  out  of  their  histories  than 
did  the  librarian  of,  what  we  must  name,  the 
beautiful  city  of  Ease,  in  working  up  a  history 
exhibition  for  the  town. 

Ease  is  a  mountain  city  of  about  8000  in- 
habitants and  graduated  some  ten  years  ago 
from  its  township  days ;  like  a  little  girl 
brought  out  of  the  infra  dig.  habit  of  short 
skirts  and  long  braids  into  dignified  city- 
dom — girlhood's  coiled  hair  and  lengthened 
gowns. 

To  say  that  the  city  is  beautiful  is  a  ste- 
reotyped and  inadequate  expression  of  its  in- 
dividual charm,  perched  as  it  is  on  land  some 
500  feet  above  sea  level,  sheltered  from  all 
neighboring  towns  by  walls  of  trees,  so  that 
it  has  also  been  called  The  City  in  the  Woods. 

The  rich  old  Revolutionary  days  have 
touched  it  with  the  pathos  and  reverence  of 
that  marvellous  struggle— days  whose  misty 
beauty  lives  on  in  the  loyal  hearts  and  cheer- 
ful faces  of  the  splendid,  quiet,  law  abiding 
folk  who  still  people  the  valley  round  about 
where  Ease  studs  the  swiftly  rising  hilltop. 

So,  this  was  the  city  and  this  the  valley, 
wherein  the  local  librarian  was  bold  enough, 
after  three  months'  incumbency,  to  undertake 
an  exhibition  of  historical  material  that  would 


December,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


673 


1.  Give  impulse  to  local  historical  research. 

2.  Promote  civic  spirit. 

3.  Preserve  the  fast  disappearing  records  of 
the  township's  beginning  and  early  days. 

4.  Instruct  the  school  children  and  the  new- 
comers in  the  history  of  their  immediate  lo- 
cality. 

The  welcome  which  the  exhibit  received; 
the  local  enthusiasm  and  patriotism;  the  al- 
most touching  eagerness  with  which  the  old- 
time  resident  came  to  browse  over  the  rec- 
ords and  photographs  of  old  scenes  that 
brought  back  to  him  the  days  of  his  boyhood ; 
these  in  themselves,  apart  from  any  techni- 
cal value,  seemed  to  justify  all  the  work  of 
preparing  such  an  exhibit,  and  to  make  it 
seem  as  though  it  might  not  be  an  imper- 
tinence to  suggest  to  a  suburban  brother  "Do 
thou  likewise." 

It  was  begun  in  this  wise:  First,  the  old 
residents  were  pumped  in  order  to  get  their 
attitude  toward  such  an  exhibit.  This  was 
perhaps  more  discouraging  than  anything 
else. 

For  the  oldest  inhabitant  said:  "Well,  I 
guess  there's  nothing  left  but  me — I'm  the 
only  relic  here."  His  sarcasm  turned  to 
amusement,  however,  when  he  received  the 
answer : 

"Well,  we'll  take  you,  then — if  you  don't 
mind  going  into  a  glass  case." 

Little  by  little,  enthusiasm  was  aroused. 
The  people  began  to  talk  about  it,  skeptically, 
at  first,  to  be  sure — but  still  it  was  talk. 
There  wasn't  any  "real  history,"  they  said,  but 
still  if  old  cradles,  or  broken  door  knockers, 
or  pewter  candlesticks  of  the  last  century 
made  history,  why,  then — " 

It  was,  after  all,  the  valley  people  who  did 
the  most — the  real  people — those  simple,  hardy 
folk  as  yet  unspoiled  by  motor  cars  and  auc- 
tion bridge.  They  knew  little  and  cared  less 
for  framed  genealogies.  They  spoke  little  of 
their  Revolutionary  or  Mayflower  forbears, 
nor  had  they  joined  the  Sons  or  Daughters 
of  the  American  Revolution.  But  they  would 
quietly  lead  one  to  their  cupboards  and  say — 
"This  old  bullet  here,  you  see?  My  son 
found  that  fifteen  years  ago  buried  in  our 
old  chimney.  The  Hessians  fired  it  in  1780 
from  the  battlefield  yonder.  Why,  it  was  our 
old  neighbor's  grandfather  whose  brother  was 
killed  that  day." 

Or,  "See,  all  these  arrow-heads  were  found 
in  our  cornfield — my  father  turned  them  up 
in  ploughing.  The  Indians  used  to  come  in 
that  cornfield  when  he  was  a  little  boy."  And 
so  the  little  wicked,  glittering  flints  would  be 
poured  into  your  outstretched  hands. 

These  valley  people — how  generously  they 
offered  up  their  treasures — brass  candlesticks 
and  old  mahogany  cradles  at  which  our  scien- 
tific disciples  of  Modern  Hygiene  would  shake 
sad  heads  of  omen — though  the  youngsters 
who  crowed  and  kicked  in  them  grew  into 
twice  the  health  of  modern  childhood  and  in 


time  rocked  histy  children  of  their  own  in 
the  same  unscientific  cradles. 

We  go  stumbling  from  one  record  to  an- 
other sure  we  have  our  trail.  Suddenly,  we 
find  a  new  and  entirely  unexpected  link  and 
are  led  to  where  the  thing  actually  did  happen. 

Yes,  there  is  the  house  itself  with  the  quaint 
old  windows  and  the  colonial  pillars,  the 
house  on  which  the  Hessians  put  a  regular  "pass 
over"  chalk  mark,  to  show  that  all  else  might 
be  pillaged  but  this  house  must  stand  invio- 
late; not  because  of  protection  for  the  male 
first-born,  ,but  because  of  the  appeal  of  dis- 
tress from  a  gentle  woman  to  the  Hessian 
commander  who,  in  spite  of  his  fierce  black 
mustachios  and  his  glittering  uniform  (and 
though  a  Hessian)  was  a  man  of  heart. 

Along  such  delightful  byways  and  bramble 
patches  of  history  does  the  preparation  of  a 
local  history  exhibit  lead  you. 

Was  there  an  old  spring-house  down  there 
by  the  cross-roads?  Search  among  old  county 
maps  and  perhaps  you  will  find  a  marginal 
picture  of  it.  Was  the  first  seminary  moved 
and  turned  into  a  club  house?  Photograph 
it,  point  out  where  it  used  to  stand  and  get 
some  old  resident  who  remembers  it  to  de- 
scribe it  as  it  used  to  be. 

Do  not  consider  any  information  that  comes 
to  you  too  trivial  to  be  set  down.  And  get 
everything  into  black  and  white.  Once  Ease 
itself — not  many  decades  past — was  only  a 
railroad  platform,  a  well  of  water,  and  four 
houses.  Is  it  worth  while  to  know  all  there 
is  to  be  known  of  such  simple  beginnings? 

There  is  certainly  a  side  of  history  broader 
and  more  human  than  the  view  the  school 
child  gets  from  his  textbook.  Then  why 
not  the  History  Exhibit  as  a  means  to  im- 
part it?  When  the  pupil  sees  the  real 
autograph  letter  of  General  Washington,  han- 
dles the  cannon-ball  picked  up  from  the  bat- 
tlefield, the  mortar  that  the  Indian  himself 
has  used  to  grind  his  corn,  the  flintlock 
musket  carried  to  the  battlefield  by  some 
brave  fellow  who  died  there  and  left  it  behind 
him,  will  history  be  quite  the  same  uninterest- 
ing assemblage  of  cold  dates  and  dull  names 
again  to  this  pupil?  I'll  warrant  the  battle 
will  be  a  real  battle — the  general  a  man,  the 
cause  a  cause  worth  knowing  about  as  it  was 
worth  fighting  and  dying  for. 

The  scope  of  such  an  exhibit  is  potential — 
it  may  be  developed  into  a  budget  as  well 
as  history  exhibit.  This  would  be  desirable 
for  it  would  mean  a  complete  presentation 
of  the  town  as  it  has  been  and  as  it  is  today, 
in  logical  and  convincing  form. 

But  perhaps  the  most  desirable  feature  is 
a  happy  grouping  of  objects — to  reconstruct 
graphically  each  stage  of  development  and  to 
let  the  material  collected  speak  for  itself. 

After  all  what  reconstructs  for  us  so  con- 
vincingly the  life  of  our  great-grandparents 
as  the  simple  presentation  of  the  implements 
they  used  in  their  daily  routine  of  life?  There 


674 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  1913 


is  the  old  warming  pan  and  foot-warmer,  the 
pewter  that  used  to  stand  in  proud  array  upon 
the  old  dresser;  the  old  spinning  wheels,  and 
the  quaintly  mottoed  crockery  and  the  mourn- 
fully stitched  old  samplers,  such  as  that  labor- 
iously worked  by  a  little  girl  of  twelve  which 
begins  with  the  doleful  lines : 
"Now  the  tide  of  youth  is  o'er 
I  find  me  on  Life's  mirthless  shore." 
From  such  things  do  we  not  find  that  the 
Past  is  a  kindly  teacher  who,  in  pointing  out 
to  us  the  work  of  hands  and  minds  long  since 
stilled  in  death,  proves  to  us  again  the  good- 
ness of  our  heritage  and  commands  us  to  go 
forward  with  a  mind  to  the  legacies  that 
we  ourselves  shall  leave  to  those  who  follow 
after.  M.  R.  H. 


TEST  CASE  OF  LAW  LIBRARY  LAW  IN 
OHIO   COURT 

SUIT  has  been  filed  in  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Ohio  by  trustees  of  the  Columbus  Law 
Library  Association  to  compel  the  county  au- 
ditor and  the  clerk  of  the  police  court  to  turn 
over  to  them  certain  fees  allotted  to  the  li- 
brary by  statute. 

This  provides  that  TO  per  cent,  of  the  police 
court  fines  in  state  criminal  cases,  probate 
court  fines  in  state  cases  and  fees  of  the 
county  clerk  be  used  for  the  support  of  the 
County  Law  Library.  These  funds  were  with- 
held, by  order  of  Prosecuting  Attorney  Tur- 
ner, after  discovery  a  year  ago  of  defalcation 
in  the  fund. 

Should  the  law  not  be  upheld  by  the  court 
the  Library  Association  in  some  counties 
would  be  in  a  predicament.  The  state  bureau 
of  accounting  is  said  to  have  found  instances 
in  which  th-e  library  revenues  have  been  mort- 
gaged several  years  ahead  for  the  purchase  of 
books.  In  one  case  it  is  rumored  an  associa- 
tion used  the  first  $500  obtained  to  buy  books, 
whereupon  the  association  disbanded  and  the 
lawyer  members  divided  the  books  among 
themselves. 

BOSTON  COOPERATIVE  INFORMA- 
TION BUREAU 

MUCH  interest  has  been  shown  in  the  work 
of  the  Boston  Cooperative  Information  Bu- 
reau, and  many  questions  have  been  asked 
concerning  its  practical  operation.  To  answer 
these  questions  and  show  just  what  kind  of 
work  is  being  accomplished  by  the  bureau, 
Mr.  G.  W.  Lee,  its  secretary  and  treasurer, 
has  prepared  the  following  brief  summary: 

"This  bureau  is  'a  voluntary  association  of 
persons  and  organizations  for  mutual  assist- 
ance in  the  ascertainment  of  sources  and  sup- 
plies (generally  local)  of  information,  whether 
these  exist  in  printed  or  written  form,  or 
simply  as  mental  equipment,  and  whether 
rendered  available  by  purchase  or  by  loan  or 
gift.' 


''Up  to  March  of  this  year  there  was  only  a 
clearing  house  service  of  registered  partici- 
pants, plus  the  general  knowledge  of  the  one 
in  charge  (Mr.  John  Ritchie,  jr.,  at  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Institute  of  Technology),  for  which 
the  members  either  paid  nothing,  simply  giv- 
ing a  list  of  topics  in  which  they  were  profi- 
cient or  books  they  had  to  loan,  and  were  of 
the  A  class;  or  else  paid  $2,  entitling  them  to 
the  Bulletin  and  the  clearing  house  service — 
B  class ;  or  else  paid  $2  and  agreed  to  give  in- 
formation on  registered  topics — C  class,  ef- 
fectually a  combination  of  A  and  B.  Since 
last  March  we  have  had  what  we  call  D 
members,  i.e.,  members  who  subscribe  $25  or 
more  for  the  period  ending  with  December 
of  this  year,  entitling  them  to  call  Miss 
Granger,  who  has  headquarters  at  the  Boston 
Public  Library,  using  the  public  telephone 
(Back  Bay  21609).  She  has  a  record  of 
nearly  200  questions  submitted  to  her  to  date, 
some  of  which  were  answered  by  courtesy 
(i.e.,  not  for  D  members),  and  of  which  the 
following  are  the  most  recent,  submitted  since 
the  last  of  October: 

1.  History  of  the  cotton  industry  in  France. 

2.  Description  of  the  coal  handling  plant  in 

a  prominent  cotton  mill. 

3.  Is  there  a  camp  fire  club  in  Boston? 

4.  Hebrew  and  Yiddish  folklore  scenes  and 

stories. 

5.  Description  of  the  iron  crown  of  Lom- 

bardy. 

6.  Book   showing   mahogany   and   gilt   mir- 

rors. 

7.  Japanese  exclusion  law. 

8.  Copy  of  a  certain  German  patent. 

9.  Text-book  in   inorganic   chemistry,   using 

Gothic  symbols. 

10.  Figures  on  electric  lighting  in  America 

in  the  last  three  years. 

11.  New  California  banking  law. 

12.  Information  on  alignum. 

13.  Who  are  the  chairman  and  secretary  of 

the  New  England  Railroad  Confer- 
ence? 

'The  Harvard  College  and  Massachusetts 
Institute  of  Technology  faculties,  as  well  as 
the  Public  Library,  figure  in  answering  these 
questions,  and,  of  course,  there  were  appeals 
to  many  private  concerns.  For  example,  on 
one  or  more  occasions  the  following  have 
been  appealed  to  as  sources  of  information : 
The  Walter  M.  Lowney  Company,  Thomas 
G.  Plant  Company,  Women's  Educational  and 
Industrial  Union,  Board  of  Health,  Civic 
League,  Henry  Siegel  Company,  Dennison 
Manufacturing  Company,  College  of  Phar- 
macy, Chamber  of  Commerce,  Social  Law 
Library,  Social  Service  Library,  and  many 
others,  besides  writing  to  other  cities. 

"Since  Nov.  i  a  second  inter-library  work- 
er, Mr.  A.  C.  Smith,  has  been  employed.  He 
makes  his  headquarters  at  the  office  of  Stone 
&  Webster  for  the  present,  getting  a  list  of 
reference  books  and  personal  sources  of  in- 
formation available  in  the  vicinity." 


December,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


675 


CALIFORNIA'S   NEW  STATE  LIBRARY 
SCHOOL 

AN  educational  school  to  prepare  librarians 
for  California  cities  and  counties,  to  begin 
in  the  State  Library  in  the  capitol  Jan.  i,  is 
announced  by  State  Librarian  Gillis. 

The  course  of  instruction  will  be  conducted 
along  the  lines  of  a  regular  school.  Exam- 
inations for  competency  will  be  given  at  in- 
tervals by  the  state  civil  service  commission. 
No  tuition  will  be  charged  at  the  school. 

Generally  speaking,  the  course  will  last  one 
year,  and  will  embrace  such  subjects  as  li- 
brary economy,  including  the  technical  sub- 
jects of  cataloging,  classifying  and  the  gen- 
eral problems  of  library  administration.  The 
number  of  students  will  be  limited. 

The  faculty  of  the  new  school  will  be  as 
follows:  James  L.  Gillis,  librarian;  Mil- 
ton J.  Ferguson,  assistant  librarian;  Sarah 
S.  Oddie,  head  of  the  catalog  depart- 
ment, and  in  charge  of  the  library  school; 
Margaret  Dold,  assistant  in  library  school; 
Mary  E.  G.  Morton,  head  of  the  English  de- 
partment of  the  Sacramento  high  school,  lec- 
turer in  modern  literature;  Julia  K.  Blanch- 
ard,  of  the  faculty  of  the  commercial  depart- 
ment, Sacramento  high  school,  lecturer  in 
business  practice  as  applied  to  library  admin- 
istration;  Lauren  W.  Ripley,  librarian  of  the 
Sacramento  Public  Library,  lecturer  in  public 
library  methods,  the  relation  between  the  pub- 
lic library  and  the  schools. 

The  faculty  will  be  assisted  by  the  heads  of 
departments  of  the  California  State  Library, 
as  follows: 

Laura  Steffens,  second  assistant  librarian 
and  editor  of  News  Notes  of  California  Li- 
braries; Melvin  G.  Dodge,  legislative  refer- 
ence librarian;  Margaret  Eastman,  head  of 
order  department;  Susan  T.  Smith/  reference 
librarian ;  Eudora  Garoutte,  head  of  Califor- 
nia department;  Alice  J.  Haines,  head  of 
documents  department;  Mabel  R.  Gillis,  head 
of  books  for  the  blind  department;  Harriet 
G.  Eddy,  county  library  organizer ;  Mrs.  Annie 
L.  Blanchard,  shelf  lister;  Annie  Lowry,  in 
charge  of  periodicals  and  binding. 

HANDLING  BOOKS  FOR  COLLATERAL 
READING 

ONE  of  the  greatest  problems  in  a  school  or 
college  library  is  the  management  of  collateral 
reading  books.  Assignments  will  be  made  in 
books  which  must  be  read  before  the  next 
class.  There  may  be  fifty  students  in  the  class 
and  only  one  or  two  copies  of  the  book  in  the 
library.  A  student  will  have  only  one  or  two 
vacant  periods  for  this  reading,  and  unless  he 
can  obtain  the  book  at  one  of  those  periods  he 
will  not  be  able  to  report  on  the  required 
reading. 

The  use  of  collateral  reading  cards  has 
solved  the  problem  of  reserving  books  ahead 
of  time  and  for  a  given  period.  A  card  four 


inches  wide  and  nine  inches  long  of  medium 
weight  tag  board,  printed  on  both  sides,  is 
used.  Reference  to  the  cut  of  a  collateral  card 
used  in  the  University  of  Southern  California 
Library  shows  the  days  divided  by  class  pe- 
riods and  a  period  for  over  night.  A  student 
may  sign  his  name  for  any  period  in  the  day 
or  for  over  night  not  more  than  one  week  in 


Author Cour 

Book  No Prof. 

Title... 


Day.. 

8:00 

8:55 

Assembly 
10:35 
11:30 
Noon 

1:15 

2:10 

3:05 

4:00 
Night 


...Date... 


Day. 

8.00 

8:55 

Assembly 
10:35 
11:30 
Noon 

1:15 

2:10 

3:05 

4:00 
Night 


Date. 


...  Date... 


Day 

8:00 

8:55 

Assembly 
10:35 
11:30 
Noon 

1:15 

2:10 

3:05 

4:00 
Night 


advance,  and  the  book  will  be  reserved  for 
him  at  that  period.  Books  reserved  for  over 
night  may  be  taken  from  the  library  any  time 
after  three  o'clock  if  not  reserved  for  a  later 
period,  and  must  be  returned  to  the  library 
before  the  end  of  the  first  period  the  following 
morning.  A  fine  of  five  cents  per  period  is 
charged  on  books  not  returned  at  the  end  of 
the  period  for  which  they  are  reserved. 
The  name  of  the  student  is  checked  on  the 


6;6 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  1013 


collateral  card  when  the  book  is  taken,  and  the 
last  person  whose  name  is  checked  is  held  re- 
sponsible for  the  book  until  it  is  returned. 

The  regular  book  check  is  taken  from  the 
book  and  charged  to  "Coll."  filed  in  a  separate 
tray  where  all  collateral  checks  are  filed,  and 
the  collateral  card  written  up  and  placed  in  the 
book.  For  convenience  all  collateral  reading 
books  are  placed  in  a  separate  room.  An  at- 
tendant is  in  charge  of  the  desk,  and  it  is 
his  duty  to  see  that  all  books  are  returned  on 
time.  Very  little  trouble  is  experienced  in  this 
regard,  as  the  students  appreciate  the  privilege 
of  being  able  to  reserve  a  book  for  a  certain 
period  and  know  that  they  will  have  it  for 
that  period. 

Some  months  seven  hundred  books  have 
been  assigned  for  collateral  reading  with  a 
circulation  of  over  ten  thousand.  In  some  of 
the  large  classes  one  book  has  often  circu- 
lated over  two  hundred  and  fifty  times  during 
one  month. 

CHARLOTTE  M.  BROWN, 

Librarian  University  of  Southern  California. 


NEW  QUARTERS  OF  THE  CLEVELAND 
PUBLIC   LIBRARY 

ON  the  week  of  Aug.  18  the  main  library 
of  the  Cleveland  Public  Library  system 
moved  to  new  temporary  quarters  on  the  fifth 
and  sixth  floors  of  the  Kinney  &  Levan 
building,  1375  Euclid  avenue,  the  largest  store 
building  in  Cleveland. 

By  moving  one  department  and  office  at  a 
time,  the  transfer  of  250,000  books  and  all 
the  library  and  business  equipment  was  ac- 
complished without  closing  the  doors  of  the 
library  to  the  public  for  a  single  day. 

In  its  new  quarters  in  the  Kinney  &  Levan 
building  the  library  has  gathered  in  a  part 
of  the  fifth  floor,  executive  and  business  of- 
fices, storage  and  work  rooms,  which,  for 
lack  of  room,  had  been  scattered  in  two  out- 
side buildings  and  on  three  floors  of  the  old 
main  building,  connected  only  by  telephone. 
On  the  sixth  floor  are  now  shelved  many 
thousands  of  books  which  have  been  stored  in 
outside  buildings  and  branches,  and  thus  have 
been  practically  useless  to  the  public. 

That  part  of  the  library  open  to  the  public 
occupies  the  whole  of  the  sixth  floor.  It 
fronts  on  Euclid  avenue,  extends  back  447 
feet,  and  occupies  36,600  square  feet  on  a 
single  floor  and  over  19,000  on  another  floor, 
and  has  a  stack  aisle  of  225  feet. 

The  new  steel  stack,  with  those  moved  from 
the  old  library,  has  a  capacity  of  nearly  300,- 
ooo  volumes.  The  library  has  shelved  250,000 
volumes,  leaving  room  for  a  growth  of  50,000 
during  tr*e  six  or  more  years  which  will 
elapse  before  the  new  main  library  which  is 
to  be  built  at  the  Civic  Center  of  Cleveland 
will  be  completed. 

To   the    visitor   entering   through    the    east 


door,  the  long  stretch  of  the  library  presents 
an  attractive  sight,  and  there  is  a  fine  view 
of  Lake  Erie  from  the  north  end.  There  is 
good  natural  light  in  the  library,  and  the  ar- 
tificial lighting  is  the  most  approved  indirect 
electric  system.  There  are  two  passenger  and 
two  freight  elevators,  and  more  than  adequate 
emergency  exits. 

In  equipping  the  new  building,  the  cases 
and  furniture  from  the  old  building  have 
been  largely  used,  the  most  important  addi- 
tion being  the  steel  stack  noted  above.  One 
notable  improvement  has  been  made  for  the 
convenience  of  readers,  however,  in  provid- 
ing 125  new  individual  reading  or  study  tables, 
each  with  an  attached  rack  for  the  reader's 
working  collection  of  books. 

The  main  library  has  taken  the  opportunity 
of  its  removal  to  new  quarters  to  make  sev- 
eral changes  in  organization.  The  adult  book 
collection  is  now  arranged  as  a  departmental 
library,  that  is,  the  circulating  and  reference 
collections  are  now  combined,  and  all  the 
books  on  the  same  general  subjects  are  now 
shelved  together.  There  are  two  special  col- 
lections :  the  "Popular  Library,"  including  the 
fiction  and  a  selection  of  popular  classed 
books,  and  the  general  reference  collection, 
including  encyclopedias,  bound  periodicals  and 
their  indexes,  and  other  material  for  "ready 
reference"  service. 

The  rest  of  the  adult  collection  is  shelved 
by  subject  down  the  length  of  the  great  room 
in  the  following  order:  i,  Sociology,  includ- 
ing the  John  G.  White  collection  of  folklore; 
2,  Religion  and  philosophy ;  3,  Science  and 
technology;  4,  Books  in  foreign  languages; 
5,  Literature  and  language;  6,  History,  travel 
and  biography;  7,  Fine  arts.  This  arrange- 
ment, bringing  together,  as  it  does,  the  re- 
sources of  the  library  on  each  important  sub- 
ject, will,  it  is  hoped,  enable  the  staff  to  give 
more  effective  service  and  make  the  library 
much  more  useful  than  ever  before. 

The  main  children's  department  has  been 
organized  in  the  new  quarters  with  a  special 
view  to  giving  assistance  to  parents  and  ele- 
mentary teachers  in  the  selection  of  books 
for  children's  reading  in  addition  to  serving 
the  limited  number  of  children  who  will  come 
here.  The  hospitable  room  called  the  pa- 
rents' and  teachers'  room  contains  two  col- 
lections of  standard  children's  books,  entirely 
new  and  in  the  most  attractive  editions;  the 
first  for  circulation,  the  second  arranged  by 
grades  for  reference.  Opening  off  from  this 
is  a  club  room  for  teachers'  committee  meet- 
ings and  mothers'  meetings. 

Some  additional  conveniences  that  the  li- 
brary is  now  able  to  offer  are  two  more  club 
rooms  for  the  use  of  debating  teams,  women's 
clubs,  and  other  organizations.  There  are 
also  well  lighted  drafting  tables  and  a  photo- 
graphic dark  room  for  the  convenience  of  per- 
sons photographing  plates  in  reference  books 
for  reproduction. 


December,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


6/7 


AN     INTERNATIONAL     TRIBUTE     TO 
ANDREW  CARNEGIE 

M.  PAUL  OTLET,  who  is  now  visiting  the 
principal  libraries  and  other  educational  institu- 
tions of  this  country  as  the  representative  of 
the  Union  of  International  Associations,  was 
the  principal  speaker  at  the  dinner  given  by 
the  Union  to  Andrew  Carnegie  when  the  lat- 
ter visited  the  buildings  of  the  Union  at  Brus- 
sels in  September. 

After  paying  a  tribute  to  the  combination 
of  intelligence,  of  labor,  and  of  capital  which 
Mr.  Carnegie  embodied  in  his  business  career, 
M.  Otlet  devoted  the  greater  part  of  his  dis- 
course to  a  consideration  of  what  he  called 
Mr.  Carnegie's  second  career,  in  which  the 
steel  king  has  displayed  no  less  initiative  and 
greatness  of  conception,  namely,  the  spending 
of  his  fortune  after  its  acquisition.  Address- 
ing himself  directly  to  Mr.  Carnegie,  he  said : 

"It  was  Books  which  first  of  all  claimed 
your  attention.  The  impulse  of  the  printed 
page  seemed  to  you  a  benign  force  that  must 
be  grasped,  distributed  and  made  widely  use- 
ful. You  have  become  a  founder  of  libra- 
ries, not  merely  of  one,  of  two,  or  even  of  a 
hundred,  but  of  more  than  two  thousand 
libraries. 

"But  it  is  not  enough  merely  to  diffuse 
knowledge,  to  teach  knowledge  already  ac- 
quired :  science  must  be  carried  further.  And 
so  you  established  at  Washington  the  Car- 
negie Institution  with  its  mission  of  explor- 
ing new  fields  of  research  and  of  providing 
men  of  science  throughout  the  entire  world 
with  the  means-  of  carrying  on  their  work. 

"But  your  foundations  do  not  end  here. 
After  the  Book,  after  Science,  a  third  order 
of  ideas  comes  to  engage  your  mind:  the 
problem  of  Peace  and  of  international  rela- 
tions. First  you  established  the  International 
Bureau  at  Washington,  which  has  given  per- 
manence to  the  Pan-American  Union  estab- 
lished among  the  twenty-two  republics  of  the 
new  world.  Next  your  attention  was  at- 
tracted to  the  meeting  of  representatives  of 
forty-six  sovereign  states  at  The  Hague  to  or- 
ganize the  administration  of  universal  justice 
by  arbitration,  and  to  realize  tliis  aim  you 
have  given  to  the  court  of  arbitration  the 
Palace  of  Justice. 

"And  next  you  have  come  to  see  that  the 
labors  of  the  "very  best  diplomacy  would  re- 
main sterile  unless  they  were  based  upon  pop- 
ular consent  and  goodwill,  and  so  you  decide 
to  create  the  'Carnegie  Endowment  for  In- 
ternational Peace,'  with  a  fund  of  $10,000,000 
at  its  disposal.  It  is  this  endowment  which 
has  entered  into  relations  with  the  Union  of 
International  Associations,  as  also  with  the 
Institute  of  International  Law  and  with  the 
Peace  Societies. 

"Furthermore,  you  have  created  the  Hero 
Fund  to  recompense  bravery  and  heroism  in 
civil  life,  and  this  also  you  are  making  inter- 
national in  its  scope. 


"Before  this  presentment  of  what  a  single 
man  can  achieve  of  great  and  good  one  can 
but  feel  profoundly  moved.  And  from  this 
Union  of  International  Associations,  we  ask 
you  to  receive  today  a  double  tribute — our 
admiration  and  our  gratitude." 


THE    RUSSIAN    "OBSHCHESTVO    BIB- 
LIOTEKOVIEDIENIYA"   ("LIBRARY 

ASSOCIATION.") 
BY  HELEN  SCHOENBERG  KLEIN. 

THE  Russian  "Obshchestvo  Bibliotekoyie- 
dieniya,"  or  "Societe  de  Bibliotheconomie," 
was  organized  in  March,  1909,  with  the  aim 
of  improving  and  developing  library  work  in 
Russia  by  studying  the  conditions  of  the  Rus- 
sian libraries,  the  library  experiences  and 
practices  of  western  Europe,  and  by  finding 
the  best  methods  applicable  to  th«  libraries 
of  Russia. 

In  the  year  1910  the  first  library  magazine 
ever  published  in  Russia  was  issued. 

The  first  is  a  hard  and  trying  year  in  the 
life  of  every  periodical.  Especially  was  this 
true  of  the  Bibliotekar  (Librarian).  It  had 
no  predecessors,  thus  opening  a  new  era  in 
the  Russian  literature  of  library  economy.  It 
had  no  funds  but  the  support  of  a  few  en- 
thusiasts ;  no  sympathy  from  the  government 
or  municipal  institutions.  It  had  many  other 
difficulties,  as  the  finding  of  contributors,  the 
collecting  of  suitable  material,  for  there  were 
no  trained  librarians  in  Russia,  and  library 
economy  was  a  thing  unknown. 

The  Bibliotekar  is  a  quarterly  publication, 
which  compares  favorably  with  the  American 
library  periodicals.  Besides  questions  of  the 
theory  and  practice  of  library  work,  it  has  a 
foreign  department,  reviews  of  new  books  in 
print,  indexes  to  library  and  bibliographical 
literature,  and  an  information  bureau,  which 
solves  the  difficulties  confronting  the  prac- 
tical worker.  It  gives  much  space  to  the 
question  of  library  architecture,  considering 
a  successful  library  building  to  be  one  of  the 
most  essential  conditions  for  the  successful 
development  of  a  library;  its  book  lists  are 
a  great  help,  especially  to  the  provincial  li- 
brarian, whom  the  Bibliotekar  tries  to  keep 
in  touch  with  every  new  current  in  literature 
and  life.  The  Bibliotekar  is  the  official  or- 
gan of  the  Obshchestvo. 

One  of  the  first  moves  of  the  young  society 
was  to  form  a  commission  for  the  studying 
of  "normal  plans  of  inner  organization"  of 
libraries.  This  commission  did  very  valuable 
work  in  collecting  rich  statistical  and  other 
material. 

Of  the  many  other  commissions,  the  most 
important  are  those  of  library  training,  li- 
brary staff,  academic  libraries,  rural  libraries, 
etc. 

The  most  important  fact  in  the  life  of  the 
Obshchestvo  was  the  first  national  convention 
of  Russian  librarians  in  December,  1911.  De- 
spite the  horrible  legal  conditions  and  inner 


6;8 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  1913 


disorganization,  despite  the  fact  that  the  Min- 
ister of  the  Interior  refused  the  petition  of 
the  Obshchestvo  to  allow  the  Jewish  libra- 
rians to  come  to  the  convention,  which  was 
held  in  St.  Petersburg,  nevertheless  350  per- 
sons participated  in  it.  This  convention 
worked  out  the  plan  of  activity  for  the 
Obshchestvo. 

The  society  also  has  a  rich  library  of  li- 
brary and  bibliographical  literature. 

Library  work  has  a  great  future  in  Russia. 
This  future  may  be  quite  far  distant  though, 
for  it  depends  entirely  upon  the  general  con- 
dition of  the  country.  As  long  as  the  present 
abnormal  political  conditions  exist,  the  activ- 
ity of  the  Obshchestvo,  as  that  of  all 
educational  institutions,  will  be  crippled. 


A  LIBRARY  MUSEUM  FOR  MOSCOW 

THE  Shaniavsky  University  in  Moscow  had 
an  attendance  of  360  students  at  the  library 
courses  which  it  conducted  last  spring.  A 
full  description  of  these  courses  was  printed 
in  the  November  LIBRARY  JOURNAL.  The  uni- 
versity plans  to  make  the  courses  a  regular 
part  of  its  curriculum,  and  is  now  anxious  to 
start  a  good  library  museum.  To  that  end 
the  university  makes  an  appeal  to  American 
libraries  for  (i)  sets  of  publications  (reports, 
bulletins,  historical  sketches,  etc.)  ;  (2)  books, 
pamphlets,  clippings,  etc.,  relating  to  library 
work  and  bibliography;  (3)  blanks  and  forms; 
and  (4)  pictures  and  plans  of  library  build- 
ings. Communications  should  be  addressed  to 
the  Shaniavsky  Museum,  Maous- Place,  Mos- 
cow. 

THE   LEIPZIG    EXPOSITION    OF   GRA- 
PHIC ARTS. 

IN  view  of  the  definite  action  taken  by  the 
A.  L.  A.  toward  procuring  a  suitable  repre- 
sentation of  American  books  and  libraries  at 
the  international  book  exposition  to  be  held 
in  Leipzig  in  the  summer  of  1914,  it  may  be 
of  interest  to  give  a  brief  resume  of  that 
part  of  the  exhibition  dealing  directly  with 
books,  their  production  and  distribution. 

The  exhibits  will  be  grouped  by  classes,  and 
in  most  groups  the  historical  development  of 
the  subject  will  be  shown,  as  well  as  examples 
of  present-day  methods  and  products.  The 
first  group  will  be  devoted  to  graphic  art ;  the 
second  to  applied  graphics  and  the  art  of 
bookmaking;  the  third  to  instruction  by  the 
establishment  of  educational  institutes  and 
schools  for  the  book  industry.  Groups  iv 
to  vi  deal  with  the  manufacture  of  paper, 
stationery  and  writing  materials,  and  colors. 
Then  comes  photography ;  the  technique  of  re- 
production ;  letter-cutting  and  letter-founding, 
and  the  allied  trades  of  stereotypy  and  elec- 
trotypy ;  printing  processes,  raised,  flat  and 
engraved  plate  printing ;  bookbinding ;  publish- 
ing, including  the  sale  of  books  at  retail  and 
on  commission ;  newspapers,  showing  the  han- 


dling of  the  news  department,  with  methods 
of  advertising  and  canvassing;  machinery 
used  in  the  printing  industry;  and  measures 
taken  for  the  protection  and  welfare  of  the 
workers.  The  group  devoted  to  libraries, 
bibliography,  bibliophily  and  collections  will 
show  equipment  of  libraries,  library  plans, 
views,  furniture,  catalogs,  etc.;  public  libra- 
ries and  reading  rooms;  the  bibliography 
organization  of  intellectual  work;  amateur 
printing,  and  collections  of  posters,  book 
plates,  stamps,  etc.  The  section  for  biblio- 
phily will  be  divided  into  three  sub-divisions. 
The  first  will  contain  memorials  of  famous 
bibliophiles,  views  and  catalogs  of  private 
libraries  and  famous  auctions  of  books,  books 
of  reference,  bibliophile  periodicals,  etc.  The 
second  subdivision  is  intended  for  the  exhibi- 
tion of  original  editions  and  masterpieces  of 
universal  literature,  especially  remarkable  for 
their  text.  This  section  will  also  include 
books  in  fine  bindings  and  those  in  singular 
form,  autographs,  manuscripts  de  luxe  of  the 
Renaissance,  Oriental  editions,  and  Chinese 
and  Japanese  wood  engravings.  The  third 
subdivision  will  be  entirely  occupied  by  "the 
library  and  study  of  a  modern  bibliophile." 

A  complete  statement  of  the  extent  of  the 
exposition,  and  the  rules  prescribed  for  all 
exhibitors  was  printed  in  the  Publishers' 
Weekly  for  Jan.  18,  and  has  been  referred  to 
in  earlier  numbers  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 

A.    L.    A.    APPEAL    FOR   FUNDS 

A  circular  has  been  sent  out  by  the  com- 
mittee appointed  by  the  A.  L.  A.,  asking  for 
funds  to  finance  the  A.  L.  A.  exhibit.  This  will 
be  followed  shortly  by  a  request  for  definite 
material  for  exhibition  purposes  from  different 
libraries.  This  material  will  be  collected  and 
prepared  for  transportation  at  the  central 
building  of  the  New  York  Public  Library, 
which  has  given  space  for  that  purpose. 

The  committee  wishes  to  correspond  with 
any  library  having  hinged  frames  for  exhibi- 
tion use  which  it  wishes  to  dispose  of. 

State  dimensions  of  the  frames  and  wood 
of  which  they  are  made,  and  whether  they 
are  for  placing  upon  the  wall  or  upon  the 
floor.  Address  all  communications  to  Mary 
E.  Robbins,  Secretary,  Room  75,  New  York 
Public  Library,  476  Fifth  avenue,  New  York 

The  circular  which  has  been  sent  out  is  as 
follows : 

"The  A.  L.  A.  having  voted  to  participate 
in  the  International  Exhibition  of  the  Book 
Industry  and  Graphic  Arts,  to  be  held  in  Leip- 
zig from  May  to  October,  1914,  the  committee 
having  charge  of  the  matter  has  outlined  the 
following  po'ssible  arrangement  of  the  exhibit, 
to  present  library  progress  in  all  phases  dur- 
ing the  past  three  decades : 

A. — Circulating  libraries. 

1.  Work  with  public  in  general. 

2.  Work   with   children. 

3.  Work  with  students  and  teachers. 

4.  Work  with  special  classes. 


December,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY   JOURNAL 


679 


5.  Extension  work. 

6.  Forms — binding,  administration,  etc. 
B. — College  and  reference  libraries : 

1.  General  work. 

2.  Instruction  of  students. 

3.  Extension  work. 

4.  Forms — binding,  administration,  etc. 
C. — Special   libraries. 

D. — Library  commissions,  associations,  clubs, 
etc. 

E. — Library  training. 

F. — Apparatus.  Printed  material;  charts 
showing  comparative  growth  of  libra- 
ries and  population,  etc. 

"The  responses  received  by  the  German 
committee  in  charge  indicate  that  France, 
Italy,  Switzerland,  and  Scandinavia  are  to  be 
represented.  Thus  an  excellent  opportunity 
will  be  given  to  compare  the  library  work 
done  in  this  country  with  that  done  elsewhere, 
and  to  call  attention  to  the  recent  advance  in 
library  methods  and  use  in  the  United  States. 

"A  creditable  exhibit  cannot  be  made  with- 
out ample  funds.  In  order  to  carry  out  the 
above  plan,  or  any  that  may  be  finally  agreed 
upon,  the  committee  estimates  that  about 
$3500  will  be  needed.  Exhibits  must  be  as- 
sembled, prepared,  packed,  and  transported. 
Someone  must  be  in  attendance  at  the  ex- 
hibit to  represent  the  association  (the  desir- 
ability of  having  such  a  representative  is  prac- 
tically the  unanimous  opinion  of  all  con- 
sulted). The  association  has  voted  an  appro- 
priation of  $500,  but  it  is  the  desire  of  the 
committee  not  to  trench  upon  the  resources 
of  the  A.  L.  A. 

"With  this  end  in  view  an  appeal  is  made 
to  libraries,  trustees,  librarians  and  friends  to 
make  as  liberal  a  money  contribution  as  pos- 
sible. Many  tentative  subscriptions  have  been 
made.  We  now  ask  for  definite  amounts. 

"In  some  instances  where  trustees  have  felt 
that  contributions  could  not  be  made  directly 
from  the  library  appropriations,  librarians 
have  volunteered  to  raise  the  funds  among 
friends. 

"May  we  ask  you  to  aid  the  cause  in  a  sub- 
stantial manner,  with  the  understanding  that 
any  unused  balance  will  be  returned  pro  rata? 

"No  assessment  can  be  made,  but  the  com- 
mittee must  know  as  soon  as  possible  what 
funds  it  may  count  upon.  It  will,  therefore, 
greatly  appreciate  it  if  you  will  let  it  know  at 
once  the  probable  amount  of  your  contribution. 

"It  has  been  suggested  that  some  estimate 
of  the  sums  that  might  be  appropriate  to  dif- 
ferent classes  of  libraries  or  organizations 
would  be  welcomed.  The  following  table  has 
been  prepared  accordingly.  This  is  not  to  be 
considered  as  an  assessment,  but  merely  as  a 
maximum  suggestion.  Any  lesser  sums  will 
be  gladly  accepted: 

Class    i.  Libraries  over  500,000  vols.,  $200. 

Class  2.  Libraries  between  100,000  and  500,- 
ooo  vols.,  $100. 

Class   3.  Libraries  50,000-100,000  vols.,  $50. 

Class   4.  Libraries  under  50,000  vols.,  $25. 


Class    5.  Library  commissions   with  income 

over  $10,000,  $50. 
Class    6.  Library  commissions   with   income 

less  than  $10,000,  $25. 

Class   7.  Library   organizations   with    mem- 
bership over  500,  $50. 

Class   8.  Library    organizations    with    mem- 
ship  200-500,  $25. 

Class    9.  Library    organizations    with    mem- 
bership 100-200,  $10. 

Class  10.  Library    organizations    with    mem- 
bership less  than  100,  $5. 
"Another  circular  asking  for  material  to  be 
exhibited  will  be  sent  out  in  a  short  time. 

"All  replies  should  be  sent  to  Miss  Mary  E. 
Robbins,  Room  75,  New  York  Public  Library, 
476  Fifth  avenue,  New  York  City. 

FRANK  P.  HILL,  Chairman. 

MARY  W.  PLUMMER. 

MARY  E.  AHERN. 

ANNA  R.  PHELPS. 

MARY  E.  ROBBINS,  Secretary. 

AMERICAN  LIBRARY  INSTITUTE 

THE  second  meeting  of  the  American  Li- 
brary Institute  will  be  held  at  the  Park  Ave- 
nue Hotel  in  New  York  City  on  Monday, 
Dec.  i.  Ten  fellows  and  one  member  of  the 
Institute  Board  will  be  elected  at  this  meet- 
ing, and  an  amendment  to  the  constitution  so 
as  to  have  only  one  meeting  a  year  will  be 
considered. 

At  the  afternoon  and  evening  sessions, 
which  open  at  2:30  and  8:15  respectively,  the 
following  addresses  will  be  given.  The  first 
on  "Physical  efficiency"  will  be  by  Dr.  George 
J.  Fisher,  secretary  of  the  Physical  Depart- 
ment of  the  International  Y.  M.  C.  A.  in  New 
York  City.  This  will  be  followed  by  an  ad- 
dress by  Dr.  W.  Dawson  Johnston,  librarian 
of  Columbia  University,  on  "Recruiting  col- 
lege men  and  women  for  the  ranks  of  li- 
brarians." Melvil  Dewey  will  speak  on  "The 
general  tendency  of  the  library  profession," 
C.  H.  Gould,  of  McGill  University,  on  "Ap- 
praising the  value  of  a  book  collection,"  and 
H.  L.  Koopman,  of  Brown  University,  on 
"Book  storage."  There  will  also  be  a  general 
discussion  on  the  advisability  of  smaller  and 
fewer  library  meetings. 

LIBRARY   ACTIVITY   OF   STATE   EDU- 
CATION DEPARTMENTS 

THE  growing  attention  paid  to  libraries  by 
state  bureaus  of  education  must  be  a  source  of 
gratification  to  all  who  are  interested  in  "effi- 
ciency" library  administration.  It  is  due  un- 
doubtedly first  of  all  to  the  growing  importance 
of  the  library  in  educational  work  as  well  as 
in  practical  affairs,  but  hardly  less  to  the  intel- 
ligence of  those  now  at  the  head  of  the  leading 
educational  bureaus.  The  reports  of  the  United 
States  Commissioner  of  the  Bureau  of  Educa- 
tion for  1912,  of  the  New  York  Commissioner 


68o 


THE   LIBRARY   JOURNAL 


[December,  1913 


of  Education,  and  of  the  Ontario  Minister  of 
Education  for  the  same  year  are  excellent  il- 
lustrations of  the  new  conditions. 

To  all  who  are  interested  in  the  educational 
work  of  the  library — and  in  a  broad  sense  all 
its  work  must  be  considered  educational — the 
entire  report  of  the  United  States  Commis- 
sioner of  Education  will  be  of  interest.  It  is 
possible  in  this  place,  however,  to  call  atten- 
tion to  one  chapter  only,  that  on  "Recent  as- 
pects of  library  development,"  by  John  D. 
Wolcott,  acting  librarian  of  the  bureau.  The 
features  of  this  survey  of  greatest  general  in- 
terest, perhaps,  are  a  resume  of  the  returns 
received  in  answer  to  a  questionnaire  sent  out 
by  the  A.  L.  A.  in  October  on  the  subject  of 
instruction  in  use  of  books  and  libraries  in  col- 
leges and  universities ;  a  resume  of  recent  pro- 
gress in  rural  library  extension,  and  in  library 
service  to  foreigners.  It  is  a  pity  that  the 
chapter  is  so  short,  in  other  words  that  it  could 
not  be  made  more  detailed  and  include  refer- 
ences to  the  important  library  literature  of  the 
year.  Such  an  annual  is  more  needed  each 
year. 

The  report  of  the  New  York  Commissioner 
of  Education  is  of  even  greater  interest  than 
usual.  It  contains,  in  addition  to  the  reports 
of  the  state  librarian,  the  Division  of  school 
libraries,  the  Library  School,  and  other  di- 
visions, the  report  of  the  state  historian,  who 
on  Dec.  n,  1911,  became  head  of  the  new 
Division  of  history  in  the  department. 

Of  these  several  reports  that  of  the  state 
librarian  is  of  the  greatest  interest.  It  is,  in 
short,  an  account  of  the  problems  which  were 
presented  by  the  destruction  of  the  library  and 
by  the  completion  of  the  new  building  for  its 
accommodation.  Mr.  Wyer's  statement  of  the 
policy  to  be  pursued  in  gathering  the  new  li- 
brary collection  will,  I  am  sure,  gratify  all, 
also  his  plans  for  centralizing  the  distribution 
of  New  York  state  documents,  for  continuing 
the  "Annual  index  to  legislation,"  and  for 
compiling  a  bibliography  of  New  York  state 
publications.  It  is  devoutly  to  be  hoped  that 
the  legislature  will  authorize  the  centralization 
of  document  distribution  as  proposed,  and  that 
it  will  make  the  appropriation  necessary  to  em- 
ploy an  indexer  to  prepare  the  "Index  to  legis- 
lation" for  1909  and  1910. 

Among  new  undertakings,  the  one  of  most 
immediate  value,  perhaps,  is  the  special  refer- 
ence service  to  schools  and  colleges  in  connec- 
tion with  debating  which  the  library  proposes 
to  establish.  Of  this  Mr.  Wyer  says:  "The 
state  library  now  proposes  to  maintain  a  spe- 
cial collection  embracing  the  principal  refer- 
ences on  all  questions  that  are  prominent  for 
current  use  in  debate  work.  By  means  of 
these  special  collections,  its  traveling  libraries, 
its  use  of  all  schools  and  other  libraries  as 
branches,  it  proposes  to  render  all  possible  as- 
sistance to  schools  doing  debate  work." 

The  report  of  the  School  libraries  division 
also  will  be  read  with  great  interest,  and  espe- 


cially the  recommendation  of  the  chief  of  the 
division,  Mr.  Williams,  that  every  large  high 
school  should  employ  a  professional  librarian, 
and  that  the  librarian  should  be  given  the  status 
of  a  teacher  rather  than  that  of  a  clerk. 

The  report  of  the  Ontario  Inspector  of  Pub- 
lic Libraries,  Mr.  Munsey",  contained  in  the  re- 
port of  the  Minister  of  Education,  shows  the 
remarkable  progress  which  is  being  made  in 
that  province.  One  of  the  most  instructive 
features  of  this  is  the  cooperation  between  the 
state  office  and  the  library  association.  The 
Minister  of  Education,  the  report  says,  has 
doubled  for  the  second  time  the  legislative 
grant  annually  paid  to  the  library  association, 
in  addition  to  printing  the  annual  report  of  its 
proceedings,  and  the  quarterly  "Selected  list 
of  books,"  prepared  under  the  direction  of  a 
committee  of  the  association. 

W.  DAWSON   JOHNSTON. 

REUBEN   GOLD  THWAITES 

DR.  REUBEN  GOLD  THWAITES,  secretary  and 
superintendent  of  the  Wisconsin  State  His- 
torical Society  and  vice-chairman  of  the  Wis- 
consin Free  Library  Commission,  died  on 
Wednesday,  Oct.  22.  Death  came  from 
Bright's  disease  in  an  acute  form.  The  pre- 
ceding Saturday  Dr.  Thwaites,  apparently  in 
the  best  of  health,  lunched  with  friends  and 
discussed  a  number  of  library  school  and  li- 
brary commission  matters  with  all  his  accus- 
tomed interest  and  vigor — his  last  words  on 
subjects  in  which  he  had  so  long  been  in- 
terested. 

Dr.  Thwaites  was  born  of  English  parents 
in  Dorchester,  Massachusetts,  May  15,  1853. 
In  1866  the  family  removed  to  Oshkosh,  Wis- 
consin, where  in  the  intervals  won  from  farm 
labor,  school-teaching,  and  newspaper  work, 
he  systematically  pursued  the  collegiate 
courses  prescribed  by  Harvard  and  Yale.  In 
1874  ne  was  admitted  to  Yale  as  a  graduate 
student,  and  for  a  year  and  a  half  devoted 
himself  mainly  to  the  study  of  history.  Re- 
turning to  Wisconsin,  he  acted  for  ten  years 
as  managing  editor  of  the  State  Journal  at 
Madison.  During  the  latter  portion  of  this 
period  he  was  consciously  preparing  himself 
for  his  life  work,  for  which  he  was  desig- 
nated by  the  discriminating  appreciation  of 
Dr.  Lyman  Draper  and  his  own  tastes.  In 
1886  he  was  chosen  to  succeed  Dr.  Draper 
as  executive  head  of  the  State  Historical  So- 
ciety, in  which  position  he  continued  until  his 
death. 

He  found  a  collection  unique  in  the  size 
and  character  of  its  manuscript  material  and 
especially  strong  in  its  books  on  genealogy 
and  western  history.  Dr.  Thwaites  set  put 
with  the  threefold  purpose  of  maintaining 
its  special  strength,  of  filling  in  the  gaps,  and 
of  rendering  it  generally  useful  to  the  com- 
munity and  to  the  world  of  scholarship. 

To  accomplish  these  purposes  it  was  neces- 
sary to  retain  the  confidence  of  his  associates 


December,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


68l 


and  to  win  the  interest  and  support  of  the 
public.  The  most  difficult  and  the  most  im- 
portant step  was  the  establishment  of  rela- 
tions with  the  state  university.  It  required 
rare  courage  and  foresight  to  propose  for  the 
society  a  single  building  which  should  house 
its  treasures  and  the  university  library.  The 
new  building,  to  every  detail  of  which  Mr. 
Thwaites  devoted  his  closest  attention,  com- 
manded the  approval  of  scholars  the  country 
over,  and  gave  the  society  a  position  within 
the  state  which  assured  its  support  and  devel- 
opment. His  mastery  of  the  technical  details 
of  library  management  received  recognition  in 
his  election  in  1900  to  the  presidency  of  the 
American  Library  Association. 

As  an  editor  of  historical  material  Dr. 
Thwaites  is  known  the  country  over.  He  ed- 
ited ten  volumes  of  "Collections"  of  the  so- 
ciety, and  an  index  of  these  and  the  preceding 
ten  was  under  way  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
A  more  personal  undertaking  was  his  edition 
of  the  "Jesuit  Relations,"  in  seventy-three  vol- 
umes, which  at  once  took  rank  with  the  lead- 
ing source  publications  of  American  history. 
Following  this  came  an  edition  of  "Early 
western  travels,"  in  thirty-three  volumes,  and 
the  "Lewis  and  Clark  journals,"  in  five  vol- 
umes. 

In  addition  to  these  editorial  labors  Dr. 
Thwaites  wrote  all  sorts  of  articles,  from 
sketches,  short  addresses,  accounts  of  travels, 
to  that  most  difficult  but  little  appreciated 
product,  the  text-book  for  elementary  schools. 
The  most  important  of  his  books  were  his 
"Wisconsin,"  in  the  American  Common- 
wealth Series,  "France  in  America,"  in  the 
American  Nation  Series,  and  his  lives  of 
"Father  Marquette"  and  "Daniel  Boone." 

Mr.  Thwaites  was  a  member  and  an  active 
worker  in  a  number  of  organizations  affect- 
ing scholarship  and  library  work  of  every 
kind.  The  amount  and  quality  of  his  work 
alike  compelled  admiration.  He  possessed  a 
rare  facility  for  mastering  the  technique  of  a 
subject.  With  this  technical  efficiency  went  a 
serenity  of  mind,  firmly  based  on  a  broad  and 
simple  philosophy  of  life,  which  enabled  him 
to  pass  from  task  to  task  unflurried  and 
without  waste  of  energy.  This  same  serenity, 
accompanied  by  an  unusual  charm  of  manner, 
enabled  him  to  work  with  others,  and  to  bind 
to  himself  by  the  strongest  lies  those  with 
whom  he  was  associated.  In  this  fact  lay  the 
secret  of  his  success  as  an  administrator,  a 
collector,  a  colleague,  a  teacher  and  a  leader. 

He  was  the  able  administrator  of  a  splendid 
library;  the  collector  of  a  wealth  of  historical 
treasures;  the  scholarly  historian;  the  well 
known  author  of  authoritative  books  of  his- 
tory. But  those  who  knew  him  personally 
think  of  him  first  of  all  as  a  modest,  courteous 
gentleman.  Conscious  only  that  he  was  a 
friend,  helpful,  considerate,  faithful  and  just, 
they  never  found  him  wanting.  His  life  was 
beautiful  from  every  point  of  view — ideal  in 


its  home  relations  as  in  all  relations  with  the 
outside  world. 


MID-WINTER  MEETINGS 

THE  usual  mid-winter  library  meetings  will 
again  be  held  this  year  in  Chicago,  the  dates 
being  Wednesday,  Dec.  31,  to  Friday,  Jan.  2. 

Headquarters  will  be  at  the  Hotel  La  Salle, 
La  Salle  and  Madison  streets,  five  blocks  west 
of  the  Chicago  Public  Library  and  one  block 
south.  The  following  special  reduced  rates 
for  rooms  have  been  granted  by  the  manage- 
ment: 

Room  without  bath,  $1.50  per  day  and  up. 

Room  with  private  bath,  $2  per  day  and  up. 

Rate  per  person  will  be  the  same,  whether 
one  or  two  persons  occupy  the  room. 

Two  connecting  rooms  with  private  bath 
can  be  had  for  two  persons  for  $4.50  (that  is, 
$2.25  each)  to  $8  ($4  each)  per  day;  for  four 
persons,  $7  to  $12  and  upward. 

Rooms  without  bath  have  running  water, 
telephone,  and  automatic  heat  control,  and  oc- 
cupants have  the  privilege  of  using  the  public 
bath  in  the  same  corridor  without  charge. 

Meetings  will  be  held  in  the  Red  Room,  on 
the  nineteenth  floor  of  the  Hotel  La  Salle,  in 
other  rooms  of  the  hotel,  and  in  the  directors' 
room  of  the  Chicago  Public  Library,  the  room 
adjoining  A.  L.  A.  headquarters. 

Reservation,  stating  time  of  arrival,  should 
be  made  with  the  manager  of  the  Hotel  La 
Salle. 

Besides  the  well-equipped  dining  rooms  of 
the  Hotel  La  Salle  there  are  many  restau- 
rants with  a  wide  range  of  service  and  price 
in  close  proximity  to  the  hotel.  All  the  lead- 
ing theaters  are  within  a  few  blocks  of  the 
La  Salle. 

The  Executive  Board  will  meet  on  Wednes- 
day evening,  Dec.  31,  at  the  Hotel  La  Salle. 

The  Council  will  meet  in  the  directors' 
room  of  the  Chicago  Public  Library  on 
Thursday  morning,  Jan.  i,  and  probably  again 
on  Friday  morning,  Jan.  2.  Program  and 
more  definite  information  will  be  mailed  later 
to  the  individual  members. 

The  Publishing  Board  will  meet  in  Chicago 
during  the  week,  the  exact  time  to  be  de- 
termined later. 

The  League  of  Library  Commissions  will 
meet  at  the  Hotel  La  Salle  on  Wednesday, 
Dec.  31,  both  morning  and  afternoon,  and  on 
Thursday  morning,  Jan.  i. 

The  Round  Table  of  Library  Schools  will 
meet  at  9.30  the  morning  of  Friday,  Jan.  2, 
at  the  Hotel  La  Salle.  Those  members  of 
library  school  faculties  whose  names  have 
been  sent  in  by  the  schools  as  likely  to  be 
present  at  the  school  luncheon  after  the  meet- 
ing will  have  places  assigned  at  the  luncheon. 
Correspondence  concerning  the  meeting  and 
the  luncheon  should  be  sent  to  Miss  Mary  E. 
Hazeltine,  chairman,  University  of  Wisconsin 
Library  School,  Madison,  Wis. 


682 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  1913 


NORWEGIAN   LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION 

After  having  met  regularly  for  five  consec- 
utive years,  Norwegian  librarians  at  the  sixth 
annual  meeting  in  Stavanger,  Oct.  25,  estab- 
lished a  national  library  association.  The 
membership  includes  librarians,  libraries  and 
persons  interested  in  the  movement,  the  latter 
without  right  to  vote.  The  officers  for  the 
ensuing  year  are  Mr.  H.  Nyhuus  and  A. 
Arnesen,  of  the  Public  Library  of  Christiania, 
Arne  Kildal,  Bergen,  Jens  Jensen,  Hamar, 
and  Miss  Maja  Schaaning,  Trondhjem. 

State  SLibrats  associations 

KANSAS-MISSOURI  JOINT  MEETING 

The  fourteenth  annual  meeting  was  held  at 
St.  Joseph,  Oct.  22-24,  1913.  By  invitation  of 
President  Rush  and  the  Executive  Board  of 
the  Missouri  Library  Association  this  four- 
teenth annual  meeting  was  held  jointly  with 
the  Kansas  Library  Association. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Ahern,  of  the  American  Li- 
brary Association,  Miss  Maud  van  Buren,  of 
the  American  Civic  Association,  Mr.  Jay  Wil- 
liam Hudson,  of  the  University  of  Missouri, 
especially  invited  guests  of  the  two  associa- 
tions, members  of  the  Board  of  the  St.  Joseph 
Public  Library,  and  members  of  the  two  state 
associations  made  this  a  memorable  gathering. 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  Wednes- 
day, Oct.  22  at  3.15  p.m.  by  Mr.  Rush,  presi- 
dent of  the  Missouri  Library  Association. 

Mr.  Rush,  after  a  few  words  of  greeting, 
introduced  Rabbi  Louis  Bernstein,  president 
of  the  Library  Board  of  St.  Joseph  Public 
Library,  who  most  cordially  welcomed  the 
visitors  to  St.  Joseph,  "The  road  to  Para- 
dise." Mrs.  Nellie  G.  Beatty,  president  of  the 
Kansas  Library  Association,  made  a  pleasing 
response  saying  that  "In  the  hands  of  your 
friends"  was  synonymous  with  this  gather- 
ing at  St.  Joseph. 

Mr.  James  L.  King,  librarian  of  Kansas 
State  Library  in  Topeka,  gave  the  address  of 
the  afternoon,  entitled  "Without  the  love  of 
books,  the  richest  man  is  poor."  He  quoted 
with  easy  familiarity  from  authors  new  and 
old,  and  praised  the  writers  who  have  en- 
riched our  lives  with  the  grace  and  charm  of 
song  and  story. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Ahern,  of  Chicago,  editor  of 
Public  Libraries  and  the  representative  of 
the  American  Library  Association  at  this 
joint  meeting,  gave  the  evening  address,  "The 
fifth  kingdom  and  the  keeper  of  its  treas- 
ures." To  her  the  kingdom  of  books  belongs 
with  the  mineral,  animal,  vegetable  and  spir- 
itual kingdoms,  and  the  librarian  is  its  keeper. 
"Librarians  must  not  yield  to  the  idea  that 
mere  association  with  books  makes  one 
learned.  They  must  not  lose  the  inclination 
and  facility  for  a  study  of  the  soul  of  books. 
The  library  serves  its  purpose  best  when  the 
right  book  gets  to  the  right  person  at  the 


right  time,  even  if  there  are  some  defects  in 
the  system." 

The  field  frolic  followed  Miss  Ahern's  talk. 
The  guests  were  invited  to  the  children's 
room.  On  the  way  down  stairs  queerly 
wrapped  favors  were  presented  to  each  guest, 
and  inside  these  were  whistles  and  fools' 
caps.  Immediately  the  air,  so  recently  en- 
riched with  the  words  of  famous  literary 
geniuses,  was  filled  with  laughter  and  shrill 
whistles.  Wearing  the  dunce  caps  all  crowded 
about  the  witch's  kettle  in  the  center  of  the 
room,  where  Miss  Martina  Martin,  president 
of  the  St.  Joseph  Story-telling  League, 
dressed  as  an  old  negro  aunty,  sat  telling 
ghost  stories,  and  made  every  one  feel  Eu- 
gene Field's  delight  in  fairies  and  witches  as 
she  told  us  the  story  of  "Tailbone."  Later 
she  appeared  as  a  witch,  and  so  transfixed 
her  audience  that  even  the  wisest  had  to  do 
her  bidding,  and  so  Mr.  Bostwick  played 
Yankee  Doodle  on  a  comb,  a  quartet  sang 
"My  bonnie  lies  over  the  ocean,"  and  others 
did  amusing  stunts. 

The  stereopticon,  which  threw  on  the  can- 
vas the  picture  story  of  Hansel  and  Gretel, 
delighted  all.  This  is  owned  by  the  St.  Joseph 
Public  Library  and  used  in  the  children's 
room.  Hallowe'en  refreshments  were  served 
and  all  had  a  thoroughly  enjoyable  evening. 

Thursday  morning,  after  the  business  ses- 
sions, each  librarian  attended  the  round  table 
which  would  interest  him  most.  Miss  Ahern 
conducted  the  Small  libraries  round  table,  and 
Mr.  Bostwick  conducted  the  Large  libraries 
round  table. 

The  first  discussion  was  on  "Sex  problems 
in  the  selection  of  juvenile  literature."  Miss 
Osburn,  of  Baldwin,  Kansas,  led  the  discus- 
sion, and  was  followed  by  Miss  McLachlan, 
of  Hannibal,  and  Mr.  Wright,  of  Kansas 
City. 

The  next  discussion  was  about  the  type- 
writer, rotary  neostyle,  multigraph,  writer 
press,  camcragraph  and  kinetoscope  as  libra- 
rians' tools.  Mis?  Francis,  Topeka,  Kansas, 
led  the  discussion,  and  was  followed  by  Mr. 
Bostwick  and  Mr.  Wright. 

The  discussion  of  the  practical  care  of 
pamphlets,  clippings  and  pictures  was  opened 
by  Mr.  Bundy,  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  and 
followed  by  Miss  Burger,  Kansas  City,  and 
Mr.  Cunningham.  Rolla.  A  most  interesting 
exhibit  of  scrap  books,  mounted  pictures,  and 
suggestions  for  holiday  entertainments  was 
sent  by  the  St.  Louis  Public  Library. 

Branches  in  city  school  buildings  had  able 
champions  in  Mrs.  Greenman,  Kansas  City, 
Kansas,  Mr.  Blackwelder,  St.  Louis,  and  Mr. 
Wright,  Kansas  City. 

As  is  the  purpose  of  round  tables,  no  defi- 
nite conclusions  were  decided  upon,  but  the 
interesting  discussions  benefited  and  informed 
all  present. 

Mr.  Kerr  conducted  the  College  and  uni- 
versity libraries  round  table,  where  were  dis- 
cussed the  care  and  use  of  clippings  and  pam- 


December,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


683 


phlets,  steps  advisable  in  the  systematizing  of 
unorganized  institution  libraries,  how  to  reach 
the  community  outside  the  campus,  and  the 
possibilities  of  extension  work. 

The  opening  address  Thursday  afternoon 
was  by  another  guest  of  the  two  associations, 
Miss  Maud  van  Buren,  librarian  for  several 
years  and  now  lecturer  for  the  American 
Civic  Association.  She  spoke  on  "The  ob- 
servations of  an  itinerant  librarian,"  and  we 
all  hoped  we  did  not  belong  to  three  of  the 
kinds  she  talked  about,  the  phlegmatic,  the 
indifferent,  or  the  complacent  librarian.  Her 
address  urged  all  to  even  greater  and  larger 
usefulness  in  librarianship. 

Mr.  Jay  William  Hudson,  professor  of  phil- 
osophy of  the  University  of  Missouri,  and  a 
guest  of  the  association,  gave  a  most  inspiring 
address  on  "American  ideals  in  fiction."  Be- 
sides the  100  or  more  librarians,  this  address 
was  attended  by  the  entire  teaching  staff  of 
the  St.  Joseph  public  schools. 

Mr.  Hudson  praised  the  American  novel, 
and  said  that  it  was  the  original  source  for 
opinions  about  the  life  and  tastes  of  the 
American  people.  Democracy  must  be  the 
keynote  of  the  leal  American  novel,  and  it  is 
found  in  those  of  many  American  authors, 
and  particularly  in  thos'e  of  William  Dean 
Howells.  Mr.  Hudson's  original  ideas  and  his 
fluent  use  of  English  make  him  a  most  inter- 
esting and  entertaining  lecturer,  and  the  ap- 
plause following  his  address  voiced  the  ap- 
preciation of  his  audience. 

Thi>  evening  was  spent  at  the  Country  Club, 
and  the  St.  Joseph  Library  Board  entertained 
and  regaled  their  guests  most  bountifully. 
The  club  house,  with  its  beautiful  oak  panel- 
ing and  beaming,  its  colonial  dining  room, 
and  shrubs  and  flowers  sent  by  the  City  Park 
Board  was  a  most  festive  scene.  Rabbi  Louis 
Bernstein  was  a  witty  and  clever  toastmaster, 
the  responses  were  made  by  Miss  Ahern,  Mr. 
Bostwick  and  Mr.  Hudson,  and  the  serious 
and  the  comic  were  mixed  in  just  the  right 
proportion. 

Friday  morning  following  the  business  ses- 
sions came  the  "Assistants'  hour,"  and  Miss 
Dinsmoor,  of  Topeka,  on  "Trials  and  tribu- 
lations of  an  assistant;"  Miss  Wessenborn, 
of  St.  Louis,  on  "What  an  assistant  expects 
of  a  librarian;"  and  Miss  Brown,  of  St. 
Joseph,  on  "Just  suppose,"  were  highly 
appreciated.  Various  librarians  were  called 
upon  to  respond  to  the  papers. 

The  joint  meeting  closed  most  appropriate- 
ly with  Mr.  Wright's  personal  talk  about 
"Eugene  Field,,  who  made  St.  Joseph 
famous." 

Mr.  Rush,  president  of  the  Missouri  Li- 
brary Association,  announced  the  adjourn- 
ment of  the  meeting. 

All  who  attended  this  joint  meeting  of  the 
Kansas  and  Missouri  Library  Associations 
agreed  that  it  was  one  of  the  very  best  ever 
held.  St.  Joseph  people  showed  their  interest 
by  attending  many  of  the  sessions.  Rabbi 


Louis  Bernstein,  Mayor  Charles  Pfeiffer,  Su- 
perintendent J.  A.  Whiteford  and  others  at- 
tended every  meeting. 

KANSAS   LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION 
The  thirteenth  annual  meeting  of  the  Kan- 
sas Library  Association  was  held  at   St.  Jo- 
seph, Mo.,  Oct.  22,  23  and  24,  1913. 

Thirty-nine  members  of  the  Kansas  asso- 
ciation were  present.  The  committee  in 
charge  of  the  attempt  to  obtain  an  enlarge- 
ment of  the  powers  and  support  of  the  Kan- 
sas Traveling  Libraries  Commission,  so  as  to 
provide  a  state  library  organizer,  reported  the 
failure  of  its  effort.  The  press  committee 
(Messrs.  Kerr,  King  and  Smith)  was  con- 
tinued, and  individual  members  of  the  asso- 
ciation were  charged  to  do  faithful  personal 
work  for  the  project.  The  secretary  read  en- 
couraging letters  from  many  Kansas  libraries, 
telling  of  new  buildings,  enlarged  appropria- 
tions, better  salaries,  and  increasing  public  in- 
terest and  use. 

Affiliation  with  the  American  Library  Asso- 
ciation and  acceptance  of  the  privilege  of 
membership  in  the  A.  L.  A.  Council  was 
voted.  The  incoming  president  and  vice- 
president  were  named  as  delegate  and  alter- 
nate. The  report  of  the  resolutions  com- 
mittee, heartily  adopted,  records  the  thanks 
of  the  Kansas  Library  Association  to  the  of- 
ficers and  members  of  the  Missouri  Library 
Association  for  the  many  courtesies  shown, 
the  appreciation  of  St.  Joseph  hospitality,  and 
the  obligation  to  Mr.  Rush  and  his  staff  for 
generous  and  ever-to-be-remembered  enter- 
tainment. 

The  officers  elected  for  1914  are  as  follows: 
president,  Mr.  J.  L.  King,  State  Library,  To- 
peka ;  first  vice-president,  Mrs.  Sara  Judd 
Greenman,  Kansas  City  Public  Library;  sec- 
ond vice-president,  Miss  Mary  C.  Lee,  Man- 
hattan Free  Public  Library;  third  vice-presi- 
dent, Miss  Garnette  Heaton,  Junction  City 
Public  Library;  secretary,  Miss  Clara  Francis, 
State  Historical  Library,  Topeka;  treasurer, 
Mr.  Irving  R.  Bundy,  Public  Library,  Leaven- 
worth;  member  at  large,  Mr.  A.  "B.  Smith, 
Kansas  Agricultural  College,  Manhattan. 

The  Kansas  association  as  a  body  accom- 
panied Mr.  King,  the  president-elect,  to  the 
business  session  of  the  Missouri  association 
for  the  reading  of  the  resolutions  and  the 
presentation  of  the  Kansas  invitation  to  Mis- 
souri to  meet  with  Kansas  at  Topeka  in  Octo- 
ber, 1914,  at  the  opening  of  the  new  State 
Historical  building. 

W.  H.  KERR,  Secretary. 
MISSOURI    LIBRARY    ASSOCIATION 
The  fourteenth  annual  meeting  was  held  at 
St.  Joseph,  Oct.  22-24,  1913.     By  invitation  of 
President    Rush    and    the    Executive    Board, 
this     fourteenth    annual    meeting    was    held 
jointly  with  the  Kansas  Library  Association. 
A  full  account  of  the  joint  sessions  appears 
under    the    heading    "Kansas    and    Missouri 
Joint  Meeting." 


684 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  1913- 


The  first  session  of  the  Missouri  Library 
Association  was  called  to  order  by  President 
Charles  E.  Rush  at  9.30  a.m.  Thursday,  Oct. 
23.  Minutes  of  the  previous  meeting  were 
read  by  the  secretary  and  approved. 

Report  of  the  treasurer  was  read  and  re- 
ferred to  the  Auditing  committee. 

Miss  Wagner,  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  Missouri  bibliography,  reported  no  pro- 
gress because  of  lack  of  funds,  and  suggested 
that  the  committee  be  discharged.  A  motion 
was  made  by  Mr.  Blackwelder  and  carried 
that  the  committee  on  Missouri  bibliography 
be  discharged. 

Mr.  Severance,  chairman  of  the  committee 
to  increase  attendance  at  the  annual  meet- 
ings and  to  ask  library  boards  to  pay  the 
expenses  of  delegates  to  the  annual  meeting, 
reported  that  each  library  and  library  board 
had  been  circularized  three  times,  and  that  a 
few  attending  this  meeting  were  there  as  a 
result  of  the  circular  letters.  A  motion  was 
made  by  Mr.  Blackwelder  and  carried  that 
the  incoming  president  appoint  a  new  com- 
mittee with  the  same  duties  to  perform. 

Mr.  Paul  Blackwelder,  the  chairman  of  the 
committee  to  gather  data  about  the  desire  of 
the  various  libraries  in  the  state  to  become 
institutional  members  of  the  Missouri  Li- 
brary Association  at  an  annual  fee  of  two 
dollars,  reported  the  following  libraries  de- 
sirous of  becoming  members  :  Carthage,  Han- 
nibal, Joplin,  Kansas  City,  Missouri  Library 
Commission,  Moberly,  Mound  City,  St.  Jo- 
seph, St.  Louis,  University  of  Missouri  at 
Columbia. 

The  following  by-law  was  voted  a  part  of 
the  constitution  of  the  Missouri  Library  As- 
sociation : 

"There  shall  be  an  institutional  member- 
ship, carrying  an  annual  fee  of  two  dollars, 
the  proceeds  to  be  deposited  in  a  special 
fund  and  used  only  by  vote  of  the  full  Ex- 
ecutive Board  for  printing  library  aids  or  for 
other  purposes  helpful  to  libraries  in  the 
state.  All  libraries  of  any  kind,  including 
school  libraries  in  the  state  of  Missouri,  are 
eligible  for  this  membership." 

Letters  were  presented  from  the  American 
Library  Association  about  affiliation  of  state 
associations  with  the  American  Library  As- 
sociation, and  also  one  from  Mr.  Frank  P. 
Hill,  chairman  of  an  American  Library  As- 
sociation committee  to  ascertain  the  desir- 
ability of  being  represented  at  the  Leipzig 
International  Exhibition.  These  letters  were 
ordered  posted  on  the  bulletin  board  to  be 
considered  later. 

The  second  business  session  was  called  to 
order  by  the  president  at  9.30  a.m.  Friday.  A 
motion  was  made  by  Mr.  Bostwick  and  car- 
ried that  the  secretary  be  requested  to  ac- 
knowledge the  letter  from  the  American  Li- 
brary Association  committee  about  exhibit- 
ing in  Leipzig  and  to  notify  the  committee 
that  the  matter  has  been  referred  to  libraries 
constituting  this  association.  A  motion  was 


made  by  Mr.  Severance  and  carried  that  the 
Missouri  Library  Association  qualify  for  in- 
stitutional membership. 

The  association  is  thus  represented  in  the 
American  Library  Association  Council  by  its 
president.  If  the  president  cannot  attend, 
alternates  elected  by  the  association  attend. 
Mr.  Blackwelder  and  Mr.  Severance  were 
elected  first  and  second  alternates. 

District  meetings  in  Missouri  were  sug- 
gested as  a  field  for  good  work  by  the  presi- 
dent. The  discussion  by  librarians  from  the 
smaller  libraries  showed  much  interest  in 
the  president's  suggestion.  Miss  Wales  said 
that  the  state  could  hold  three  district  meet- 
ings, using  St.  Louis  Public  Library,  St.  Jo- 
seph and  Kansas  City  Public  Libraries,  and 
Joplin  Public  Library  as  the  three  places  of 
meeting.  A  motion  was  made  by  Mr.  Wright 
and  carried  that  the  suggested  plans  be  left 
to  the  new  Executive  Board  with  power  to 
act. 

Miss  Wales  then  reported  on  decided  growth 
in  the  work  of  the  Missouri  Library  Com- 
mission, a  publication  of  a  monthly  bulletin, 
a  decided  expansion  in  work  with  clubs,  and 
all  this  progress  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  the 
commission's  headquarters  at  Jefferson  City 
have  been  moved  three  times. 

Mr.  Severance  spoke  of  the  increased  ac- 
tivities of  the  Extension  department  of  the 
University  of  Missouri  and  how  the  library 
was  cooperating. 

Mr.  Whiteford,  the  superintendent  of 
schools  at  St.  Joseph,  suggested  that  the 
School  Library  Commission  appointed  by 
the  state  and  without  funds,  be  discon- 
tinued. He  also  wished  to  be  able  to 
state  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Mis- 
souri State  Teachers'  Association  in  St.  Louis 
that  it  was  deemed  advisable  by  the  Mis- 
souri Library  Association  that  it  be  dis- 
continued. The  discussion  disclosed  that 
it  performed  no  duties,  and  was  only 
causing  confusion  to  those  actually  in  need 
of  aid  from  the  Missouri  Library  Commis- 
sion. A  motion  was  made  by  Mr.  Wright  and 
carried  that  Mr.  Bostwick  represent  the  Mis- 
souri Library  Association  at  the  Missouri 
State  Teachers'  Association  in  St.  Louis,  and 
voice  the  agreement  of  this  association  with 
all  Mr.  Whiteford's  suggestions. 

At  this  point  the  Kansas  Library  Associa- 
tion asked  if  they  could  be  admitted  to  the 
session.  Mr.  King  read  their  resolutions, 
which  were  most  appreciative  of  the  pleasure 
and  hospitality  received  at  the  St.  Joseph 
meeting,  and  he  most  cordially  invited  the 
Missouri  Library  Association  to  meet  with 
the  Kansas  Library  Association  at  Topeka, 
Kansas,  in  the  fall  of  1914. 

The  report  of  the  committee  on  resolutions 
was  read  and  approved. 

Resolved,  That  the  fourteenth  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  Missouri  Library  Association,  in 
joint  conference  with  the  thirteenth  annual 
meeting  of  the  Kansas  Library  Association, 
Oct.  22,  23  and  24,  1913,  at  St.  Joseph,  Mis- 


December,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


685 


soun,  has  been  of  practical  and  mutual  benefit. 
The  inspiration  for  more  progressive  library 
work  in  both  states  has  been  fostered. 

Our  appreciation  of  the  hearty  cooperation 
of  our  sister  association  and  of  the  excellent 
and  entertaining  addresses  by  the  representa- 
tives of  other  libraries  and  institutions  is 
sincerely  felt  and  hereby  recorded. 

The  hospitable  welcome  and  reception  of 
the  delegates  of  this  conference  into  the 
hearts  and  homes  of  the  good  people  of  St. 
Joseph  has  been  manifest  throughout  our  en- 
tire convention. 

Especially  to  Mr.  C.  E.  Rush,  librarian, 
the  board  of  directors  and  the  staff  of  the 
St.  Joseph  Public  Library,  the  Commerce 
Club  and  the  administrative  heads  of  the 
public  schools  do  we  wish  to  express  heartiest 
appreciation  of  the  considerate  courtesies  ex- 
tended. 

We  hope  the  future  holds  in  store  an  op- 
portunity for  renewal  of  the  pleasant  rela- 
tions. 

(Signed)    J.  CUNNINGHAM,  Chairman. 
Miss  FRANCES  FORDICE. 
MRS.  EMMA  K.  PARSONS. 
With  your   permission   we   wish  to   present 
this  suggested  minute  concerning  Dr.  Reuben 
Gold  Thwaites : 

With  deep  sorrow  we  record  the  death  of 
Dr.  Reuben  Gold  Thwaites,  librarian,  historian 
and  author.  As  secretary  and  superintendent 
of  the  Historical  Society  of  Wisconsin  Dr. 
Thwaites  has  exerted  a  great  influence.  He 
has  labored  unceasingly  as  member  of  the 
American  Library  Association,  of  which  he 
was  president  in  1900. 

He  has  lived  a  life  of  service:  a  member 
of  the  Executive  Council  of  the  American 
Library  Association  and  of  the  American  Li- 
brary Institute,  chairman  of  the  American 
Historical  Manuscript  Committee,  member  of 
the  American  Historical  Association,  and  lec- 
turer on  American  history  in  the  University 
of  Wisconsin. 

Testimonies  to  his  varied  achievements  are 
impressive,  and  the  Missouri  Library  Asso- 
ciation wishes  to  add  its  own.  To  the  mem- 
ory of  his  nation-wide  and  inestimable  value 
we  would  add  our  humble  and  appreciative 
tribute. 

(Signed)    J.  CUNNINGHAM,  Chairman. 
Miss   FRANCES   FORDICE. 
MRS.  EMMA  K.  PARSONS. 

After  the  reading  of  the  last  resolution,  a 
motion  was  made  by  Mr.  Bostwick  and  car- 
ried that  the  resolution  expressing  our  regret 
at  the  loss  of  Dr.  Thwaites  be  adopted  and 
that  the  secretary  send  a  copy  to  the  family. 

The  report  of  the  committee  on  nominations 
(Paul  Blackwelder,  Mary  B.  Swanwick  and 
Nancy  C.  McLachlan)  was:  president,  Miss 
Florence  Whittier ;  first  vice-president,  Mrs. 
Harriet  P.  Sawyer;  second  vice-president, 
Miss  Eleanor  Hawkins;  secretary,  Mr.  Jesse 
Curningham;  treasurer,  Miss  Alice  Gladden. 

It  was  moved  and  carried  that  the  president 
cast  the  ballot  in  favor  of  the  above  nom- 
inees, and  the  meeting  then  adjourned. 


KEYSTONE   STATE   LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION 

The  thirteenth  annual  meeting  of  the  Key- 
stone State  Library  Association,  Miss  Elisa 
Willard,  president,  was  held  at  Erie,  Pa., 
Oct.  9  and  10.  Headquarters  were  at  the 
Hotel  Lawrence,  and  85  attended. 

The  meeting  was  divided  into  four  ses- 
sions, each  presenting  papers  and  discussions 
full  of  help  and  interest.  The  address  of 
welcome  was  given  by  Mrs.  J.  F.  Downing, 
vice-president  of  the  board  of  Erie  Li- 
brary trustees,  and  inspired  all  with  the  spirit 
of  cordiality  and  enjoyment. 

The  papers  at  the  first  session,  the  after- 
noon of  Oct.  9,  were  presented  by  Mr.  Charles 
Lose,  on  "Outdoor  books" ;  Mr.  Charles 
Wright,  on  "Books  of  travel" ;  Miss  Mcll- 
vaine,  on  "Irish  literature";  and  Mr.  McClel- 
land, on  "Technical  books,"  and  could  not 
have  been  excelled  in  quality  and  were  thor- 
oughly enjoyed.  In  the  evening  we  had  the 
pleasure  of  hearing  a  fine  dramatic  reading  by 
Mrs.  Bertha  Kunz-Baker,  who  rendered  "The 
piper." 

Friday  morning  session  opened  with  the 
"roll  call"  on  "What  is  the  most  interesting 
thing  your  library  has  done  this  year?"  This 
was  responded  to  by  one-minute  talks  by 
forty  different  librarians,  and  proved  of  great 
aid  in  conveying  in  a  concise  way  the  best 
work  of  the  year  of  each  library.  The  ses- 
sion closed  by  a  "round  table"  conducted  by 
Miss  Anna  McDonald,  of  Harrisburg.  The 
"Story  hour  and  how  to  manage  it"  was  well 
handled  by  Miss  Helen  Betterly,  of  Wilkes- 
Barre.  "Clubs  for  boys  and  girls,"  by  Miss 
Engle,  of  Philadelphia,  brought  to  one  most 
forcefully  the  need  of  such  clubs  and  the 
determination  to  install  them.  "Lectures  and 
night  classes"  was  well  given  by  Miss  Agnes 
Green.  "What  some  of  us  are  doing  along 
side  lines,"  by  Miss  Florence  Ridpath,  was 
most  helpful,  as  it  dealt  with  the  problem  of 
the  small  boy  who  runs  the  streets.  It  sug- 
gested how  to  circumvent  this  habit,  get  the 
boys  interested  in  Indian  stories,  and  finally 
persuade  them  to  come  in  the  library  and 
listen  to  well  told  stories.  "Different  ways 
for  advertising,"  by  Miss  Berkie,  of  Johns- 
town, was  filled  with  good  thoughts.  The 
newspaper  was  conceded  to  be  the  best  me- 
dium. Mr.  Bliss,  of  the  Library  Commission, 
gave  a  most  interesting  resume  of  the  work 
of  the  traveling  libraries.  He  stated  that 
fully  two  hundred  and  seventy-five  places  are 
supplied  that  otherwise  would  be  cut  off  from 
the  use  of  books. 

Friday  afternoon  session  was  opened  by 
Mr.  T.  L.  Montgomery,  state  librarian  of 
Harrisburg.  giving  a  most  complete  survey 
of  the  "Libraries  of  Pennsylvania,"  closing 
with  the  statement  that  there  is  no  need  for 
discouragement  at  the  outlook  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. ^  "The  record  of  one  hundred  and 
thirty-nine  free  libraries  established  within 
twenty-five  years  will  stand,  no  matter  what 
may  be  the  success  of  the  future."  Mrs. 
Samuel  Semple,  president  of  the  Federation 


686 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  1913 


of  Women's  Clubs,  gave  a  delightful  talk  on 
"What  women's  clubs  have  done  for  libra- 
ries," showing  the  great  value  of  cooperation, 
and  urging  that  it  be  even  greater  in  the 
future. 

The  educational  session,  conducted  by  Mr. 
Frank  Lewis,  followed.  Mr.  Green,  of  the 
Meadville  Theological  School,  opened  with  a 
most  interesting  talk  on  how  public  and  the- 
ological libraries  could  work  together.  Miss 
True,  of  the  Qarion  State  Normal  School, 
tola  of  the  effort  being  made  to  raise  the 
standard  of  the  library  and  to  bring  it  before 
the  schools.  Miss  Wilson,  of  the  State  Nor- 
mal School  of  Edinboro,  which  is  the  second 
oldest  in  the  state,  told  of  the  work  carried 
on  with  the  students,  showing  that  the  library 
is  an  important  part  of  the  school.  After 
each  paper  spirited  discussions  followed. 

The  president  reported  on  the  different 
committees  as  follows :  Library  legislation, 
Mr.  Earhart,  Mr.  Marx  and  Mr.  Woodberry ; 
Committee  on  Reader's  guide,  Mr.  Thomson, 
Miss  Poland  and  Mr.  Carr. 

The  nominating  committee  reported  as  fol- 
lows: President,  Mr.  Frank  Grant  Lewis; 
vice-president,  Miss  Mary  C.  Weis;  secretary, 
Miss  Mary  Champlin;  treasurer,  Mr.  O.  R. 
Thompson. 

The  place  of  next  meeting  was  not  decided 
upon  before  adjournment. 

MRS.  JEAN   A.   HARD,  Secretary. 

MICHIGAN  STATE  TEACHERS'  ASSOCIATION- 
LIBRARY   SECTION 

The  sixty-first  annual  meeting  of  the  Mich- 
igan State  Teachers'  Association  was  held  at 
Ann  Arbor  this  year,  Oct.  30,  31  and  Nov.  I. 

The  Library  section  meeting  was  held  on 
Friday  afternoon,  Oct.  31,  in  the  Baptist 
Church,  with  about  300  in  attendance.  The 
meeting  was  presided  over  by  the  chairman 
of  the  section,  Mr.  W.  B.  Arbaugh,  super- 
intendent of  schools  at  Ypsilanti.  The  fol- 
lowing program  was  given: 

"Some  phases  of  popular  education."  By 
Adam  Strohm,  librarian  of  the  Detroit  Pub- 
lic Library. 

"Norse  fairy  tales."  By  Mrs.  Gudrun 
Thorne-Thomsen  of  Chicago.  This  was  a 
discussion  of  the  place  of  these  tales  in  liter- 
ature, and  in  the  life  of  the  child,  together 
with  the  telling  of  several  of  the  stories  by 
way  of  illustration.  This  phase  of  the  pro- 
gram was  particularly  enjoyed. 

"What  the  teacher  expects  of  the  libra- 
rian" was  discussed  by  Mrs.  Bessie  Leach 
Priddy,  of  Adrian,  and  "What  the  librarian 
expects  of  the  teacher"  by  Miss  Nellie  S. 
Loving,  librarian  of  the  Public  Library  at 
Ann  Arbor. 

Miss  Ellen  Hoffman,  of  Ypsilanti,  pre- 
sented the  results  of  a  questionnaire  which  was 
sent  out  by  Chairman  Arbaugh,  with  refer- 
ence to  the  work  of  libraries  with  schools  in 
the  state  of  Michigan,  particularly  with  refer- 
ence to  high  school  libraries.  In  connection 


with  this  investigation  Miss  Hoffman  prepared 
a  map  showing  graphically  the  various  forms 
of  school  library  activity  in  the  state.  It  was 
based  on  the  answers  to  the  questions  sent 
out,  although  as  usual  in  such  cases  a  con- 
siderable number  of  towns  and  cities  did  not 
send  in  the  information  desired. 

From  the  information  sent  in  it  appeared 
that  13  cities  in  Michigan  have  school  libra- 
rians who  devote  all  of  their  time  to  the 
school  library;  that  82  cities  have  school  li- 
braries in  which  someone  devotes  only  a  part 
of  the  time  to  the  library.  This  is  sometimes 
the  superintendent  of  schools,  sometimes  the 
principal,  sometimes  a  clerk,  sometimes  a 
teacher  or  a  pupil.  There  are  19  school  li- 
braries which  are  conducted  in  connection 
with  the  public  library,  and  97  cities  have 
school  libraries  but  no  public  library.  In 
one  city  there  is  a  public  library  but  no 
school  library,  and  in  one  city  there  is  no 
school  library  and  no  public  library.  In  40 
of  the  cities  reporting,  systematic  instruction 
in  the  use  of  books  and  the  library  is  given. 
In  102  cities  there  is  incidental  instruction 
in  the  use  of  the  library.  This  is  usually 
given  by  the  teacher,  and  in  72  cities  and 
towns  there  is  no  systematic  instruction.  It 
is  interesting  to  note  that  in  accordance  with 
the  map  the  upper  peninsula  of  Michigan 
shows  a  larger  percentage  of  systematic  in- 
struction than  the  lower  peninsula. 

This  whole  subject  was  presented  in  the 
nature  of  a  preliminary  survey  of  the  school 
library  activities  of  the  state,  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  this  matter  may  be  continued  so 
as  to  get  full  reports  of  all  of  the  towns  and 
cities  of  the  state  having  high  schools. 

As  a  part  of  the  discussion  of  this  subject 
Mr.  S.  H.  Ranck,  of  Grand  Rapids,  called 
attention  to  an  analysis  he  had  made  of  a 
recent  publication  of  the  State  Board  of  Li- 
brary Commissioners  with  reference  to  the 
statistics  of  township  and  district  libraries  in 
Michigan.  All  of  these  libraries  are  entitled 
to  penal  fine  moneys  under  the  state  consti- 
tution. However,  for  the  period  covered  by 
this  report  it  appears  that  only  2406 
school  districts  in  the  state  receive  penal 
fine  money,  whereas  4107  districts  receive 
no  such  money,  with  38  districts  in  ad- 
dition where  the  report  was  indefinite. 
The  significance  of  these  figures,  it  was 
stated,  is  the  fact  that  nearly  two-thirds  of 
the  school  districts  of  the  state,  all  of  which 
are  entitled  to  certain  moneys  under  the  state 
constitution,  had  not  received  this  during  the 
period  under  investigation. 

For  the  ensuing  year  Mr.  Charles  W. 
Mickens,  superintendent  of  schools  of 
Adrian,  was  elected  chairman  of  the  Library 
section,  and  Mr.  David  E.  Heinemann,  of 
Detroit,  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of 
Library  Commissioners,  was  re-elected  secre- 
tary. 

A  pleasing  feature  of  the  meeting  was  the 
buffet  luncheon  given  Friday  noon  by  the 


December,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


687 


Ann  Arbor  Library  Club,  in  the  University 
Library.  Between  65  and  70  persons  were 
in  attendance  to  enjoy  the  generous  hospital- 
ity of  the  librarians  of  Ann  Arbor. 

NORTH  DAKOTA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 
The  eighth  annual  meeting  of  the  North 
Dakota  Library  Association  was  held  in  Minot, 
Oct.  31  and  Nov.  i.  It  was  a  most  profitable 
and  inspiring  meeting,  and  Minot  proved  her- 
self to  be  a  very  efficient  hostess. 

The  program  for  the  first  day  included  the 
following  addresses,  some  of  them  followed 
by  discussions:  "Legal  status  of  the  library," 
by  R.  A.  Nestos,  of  Minot,  president  of  the 
association;  "What  local  organizations  have  a 
right  to  expect  from  the  library,"  I.  A.  Acker, 
Bismarck;  "The  mission  of  the  traveling  li- 
brary," Mrs.  M.  C.  Budlong,  Bismarck;  "How 
to  reach  the  high  school,"  President  A.  G. 
Crane,  Minot,  discussion  led  by  Miss  Lillian 
Cook,  Valley  City;  "Scientific  management," 
Miss  S.  Blanche  Hedrick,  University,  discus- 
sion led  by  Miss  Adah  Durand,  Grand  Forks ; 
"How  to  reach  the  foreign  born,"  Miss  Bessie 
R.  Baldwin,  Williston ;  address  by  Governor 
L.  B.  Hanna ;  "Browning  and  The  ring  and 
the  book,' "  Prof.  Vernon  Squires,  University. 
The  second  day  opened  with  a  business 
meeting,  followed  by  an  address  on  "The 
State  University  Library  and  state  educational 
cooperation,"  by  Prof.  Clarence  W.  Sumner, 
University.  There  were  two  round  table  dis- 
cussions. The  first,  on  "Public  libraries,"  was 
conducted  by  Miss  Alice  M.  Paddock,  of 
Jamestown,  and  the  second,  on  "College  libra- 
ries," by  Miss  Lillian  Mirick,  of  Wapheton. 
The  afternoon  addresses  were:  "What  and 
how  to  read,"  Mr.  John  H.  Lewis,  Minot,  and 
"The  social  center  movement  in  the  schools 
and  libraries  in  town  and  country,"  Dr.  Max 
Batt,  Fargo. 

The  Minot  Public  Library  entertained  the 
delegates  with  a  dinner  the  first  day  of  the 
convention,  while  on  the  second  day  they  were 
given  an  automobile  ride  by  the  Minot  Com- 
mercial Club,  followed  by  a  luncheon  given 
by  the  Women's  Clubs  of  the  town. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  for  the 
coming  year:  president,  R.  A.  Nestos,  Minot; 
vice-president,  Lillian  Mirick,  Wapheton;  sec- 
retary and  treasurer,  Josephine  R.  Hargrave, 
Dickinson ;  member  of  executive  board,  S. 
Blanche  Hedrick,  University. 

The  association  voted  Wapheton  as  the  next 
place  of  meeting. 

ALICE  M.  PADDOCK,  Librarian, 

Jamestown,  N.  D. 

MASSACHUSETTS  LIBRARY  CLUB 

The  Massachusetts  Library  Gub  held  its 
eighty-second  meeting  at  Brockton,  Thursday, 
Oct.  23.  There  was  a  good  attendance,  about 
300  being  present. 

The  club  was  the  first  organization  to  meet 
in  the  lecture  hall  of  the  new  Brockton  Li- 
brary. Mr.  Horace  Richmond,  president  of 


the  Board  of  Trustees,  happily  referred  to  this 
fact  in  his  welcoming  address,  and  said  it 
was  a  pleasure  to  entertain  a  body  of  experts 
whose  kindly  criticism  could  be  had  without 
money  and  without  price.  Mr.  Hall,  president 
of  the  club,  responded. 

Resolutions  on  the  death  of  Charles  C. 
Soule,  of  Boston,  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
club  and  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Brookline 
Public  Library,  also  on  the  death  of  William 
H.  Tillinghast,  assistant  librarian  of  the  Har- 
vard College  Library,  were  read  and  adopted. 
Attention  was  called  to  the  change  in  tone 
of  several  leading  periodicals,  and  after  some 
discussion  it  was  voted  that  the  chair  appoint 
a  committee  to  report  at  the  next  meeting  a 
suitable  resolution  on  the  subject.  The  fol- 
lowing committee  was  appointed :  Mr.  George 
H.  Tripp,  New  Bedford  Public  Library;  Mr. 
Charles  F.  D.  Belden,  Free  Public  Library 
Commission;  Miss  Gertrude  H.  Lockwood, 
social  worker,  children's  librarian,  Brookline; 
Mr.  Herbert  WT.  Fison,  Maiden  Public  Li- 
brary; Mrs.  Frances  Rathbone  Coe,  Somer- 
ville  Public  Library. 

Announcement  was  made  that  the  next  ses- 
sion of  the  club  would  be  held  at  Somer- 
ville,  Jan.  22. 

The  program  of  the  morning  began  at  11.30, 
and  the  club  divided  into  two  sections.  Those 
interested  in  library  budgets  adjourned  to  a 
study  room  of  the  library,  where  Mr.  O.  R. 
Howard  Thomson,  librarian  of  the  James  V. 
Brown  Library,  Williamsport,  Pa.,  outlined  a 
general  plan  for  securing  annual  library  ap- 
propriation after  an  orderly  and  systematic 
fashion.  Miss  Alice  M.  Jordan,  of  the  Bos- 
ton Public  Library,  conducted  the  division  on 
Children's  work.  The  increasing  complexity 
of  work  with  children  was  discussed,  and  a 
general  discussion  followed  on  the  desirability 
of  having  juveniles  in  both  foreign  languages 
and  English. 

Luncheon  was  served  at  12.45  at  the  Central 
M.  E.  Church.  The  afternoon  session  was 
also  held  there  because  of  the  large  attend- 
ance. 

Miss  Hall's  talk  in  the  afternoon  on  "Voca- 
tional guidance  through  the  library"  was  stim- 
ulating. She  discussed  the  need  for  vocational 
guidance,  its  aim,  the  methods  of  its  work, 
the  part  the  librarian  may  take  in  it,  and  the 
value  of  personal  contact  of  the  librarian  with 
boys  and  girls. 

At  the  close  of  the  meeting  the  club  voted 
hearty  thanks  to  the  Brockton  Library  and 
to  Mr.  Whitmore  for  the  very  pleasant,  profit- 
able day. 

EUGENIA   M.   HENRY,  Recorder. 

OHIO   LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION 

The  Ohio  Library  Association  held  its  iQth 
annual  meeting  at  Oberlin,  Oct.  7-10,  with 
over  two  hundred  library  workers  in  attend- 
ance. 

President  Henry  Churchill  King  opened  the 
convention  with  a  cordial  address  of  welcome, 


688 


THE   LIBRARY   JOURNAL 


[December, 


to  which  Miss  Mary  E.  Downey,  president 
of  the  association,  responded.  Miss  Louisa 
K.  Fast,  chairman  of  the  Women's  Clubs 
committee,  then  read  her  report,  telling  what 
the  clubs  are  doing  to  further  library  inter- 
ests in  the  state  and  what  the  libraries  do 
to  help  the  clubs.  She  referred  also  to  the 
investigation  by  the  Library  Extension  Com- 
mittee of  the  Ohio  Federation  of  Women's 
Clubs,  of  reading  facilities  in  state  and  county 
institutions,  including  jails,  county  infirmaries 
and  children's  homes.  Mrs.  Howard  Huck- 
ins,  president  of  Ohio  Federation  of  Women's 
Clubs,  gave  an  address  upon  the  work  of  the 
federation,  in  which  libraries  may  co-operate, 
placing  special  emphasis  upon  the  scope  and 
character  of  club  programs.  The  session  ad- 
journed to  Talcott  Hall,  where  a  reception 
was  given  by  the  Federated  Women's  Clubs 
of  Oberlin  and  the  Daughters  of  the  Ameri- 
can Revolution. 

The  Wednesday  morning  session  opened 
with  the  report  of  the  library  organizer,  Miss 
Ella  Louise  Smith.  She  spoke  of  the  prom- 
ise to  Paulding,  which  will  be  Mr.  Carnegie's 
first  gift  for  a  county  library  in  the  state; 
of  the  failure  of  the  commissioners  in  Tus- 
caroras  county  to  meet  Mr.  Carnegie's  offer 
with  the  required  levy;  of  possibilities  for 
township  library  extension;  of  things  to  be 
learned  from  Adams  county ;  and  of  the  views 
of  the  president  of  Muskingum  College  as  to 
what  -may  be  done  there. 

A  Round  Table  on  administrative  problems 
was  led  by  Miss  Doren.  Professor  Root,  who 
has  been  successful  in  securing  a  very  com- 
plete collection  of  serials  for  Oberlin  at  a 
comparatively  slight  cost,  told  of  the  practical 
workings  of  a  clearing  house  for  books  and 
periodicals,  on  an  exchange  basis.  He  now 
has  two  buildings  filled  to  overflowing  with 
duplicates.  In  the  matter  of  exchange  of 
duplicates,  exact  values  are  not  insisted  upon, 
nor  is  the  exchanging  library  required  to  re- 
turn the  favor  until  a  convenient  season  when 
it  has  a  surplus  of  duplicates  at  its  command. 
The  records  of  the  collection  are  simple;  the 
various  items  being  stored  in  the  order  of 
accession  and  listed  alphabetically.  The  ac- 
cession number  added  to  the  record  locates 
each  item.  Miss  Brown  of  Conneaut,  and 
Mrs.  Carey  of  Salem,  also  reported  success 
in  collecting  sets  of  periodicals  for  their  libra- 
ries. 

"The  value  of  the  printed  annual  report" 
was  next  discussed.  Some  librarians,  on  ac- 
count of  expense  do  not  print,  but  most  of 
those  present  favored  printing  even  at  some 
cost  (although  this  item  might  be  reduced 
by  judiciously  utilizing  the  newspaper  report 
as  a  reprint).  The  printed  report  is  a  per- 
manent official  document  of  value  for  refer- 
ence and  exchange  and  for  the  information 
of  the  public. 

Miss  Theresa  Walter,  supervisor  of  book 
repair  of  the  Dayton  Library,  gave  a  practical 


and  interesting  paper  upon  "Book  repair 
problems  of  the  flood."  A  very  comprehen- 
sive account  of  "Ohio  libraries  in  the  flood," 
prepared  by  Miss  Linda  M.  Clatworthy  who 
as  librarian  carried  the  work  of  the  Dayton 
library  through  this  trying  period,  was  read 
by  Miss  Matilda  M.  Light  (Dayton).  At  the 
close,  Miss  Bessie  Sargent  Smith  moved  the 
passage  of  resolutions  extending  sympathy 
and  commendation  for  the  heroic  work  of 
Miss  Clatworthy  and  her  staff  and  other  libra- 
rians, whose  libraries  had  suffered  in  the 
flood. 

The  use  of  exhibits  and  lecture  rooms  was 
discussed  by  Miss  Louise  A.  Hawley,  who 
showed  how  her  library  had  in  a  short  time 
become  the  most  social  center  of  Milan 
Township  through  this  means.  Mr.  John  J. 
Pugh  continued  this  subject,  telling  of  the 
use  made  of  the  exhibit  and  lecture  rooms 
of  the  Columbus  Public  Library. 

The  Wednesday  afternoon  session  opened 
with  an  address  by  Mr.  S.  Gale  Lowrie,  direc- 
tor of  the  Ohio  State  Legislative  Reference 
Bureau,  on  "The  function  of  the  Legislative 
Reference  Bureau."  He  sketched  the  history 
and  development  of  the  work  in  other  states 
and  defined  and  described  three  activities  of 
the  bureau  as  follows:  (i)  Securing  available 
reference  material  upon  topics  of  current  dis- 
cussion ;  (2)  To  provide  the  investigator  with 
the  service  of  an  expert;  (3)  Bill  drafting. 
He  also  outlined  a  program  for  state  help  to 
municipal  reference  work.  Mr.  Horace  L. 
Brittain,  director  of  the  Ohio  School  Survey 
Commission,  spoke  on  "Library  co-operation 
with  schools."  The  reports  of  the  secretary 
and  treasurer  were  then  read  and  accepted, 
also  those  of  the  committees  on  necrology  and 
changes  and  on  inter-relation  of  libraries. 

On  Wednesday  evening  the  faculty  of  the 
Oberlin  Conservatory  of  Music  delighted  the 
members  of  the  association  with  an  excellent 
program  arranged  in  their  honor. 

On  Thursday  morning,  by  special  request, 
the  meeting  of  the  trustees  section  was  made 
a  general  session.  Mr.  Washington  T.  Por- 
ter, chairman  of  the  section,  presented  the  fol- 
lowing topics,  which  were  open  to  general 
discussion:  Trustees'  duty  as  to  legislation; 
Should  there  be  a  library  pension  law  in  the 
state?  Should  there  be  a  library  civil  service 
law?  These  topics  provoked  a  spirited  dis- 
cussion. Miss  Julia  Wright  Merrill  then  gave 
the  report  of  the  Library  Extension  commit- 
tee and  led  a  round-table  on  county  exten- 
sion. By  invitation  the  association  then  at- 
tended the  noon  chapel  service  of  Oberlin 
college. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  College  Section  of 
the  O.  L  A.  was  held  Thursday  morning, 
with  the  chairman,  Mr.  C.  W.  Reeder,  presid- 
ing. 

Miss  Minnie  M.  Orr,  presented  a  paper  on 
"Ohio  college  libraries  and  the  flood."  in 
which  she  showed  that  the  Ohio  college  libra- 


December,  1913] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


689 


ries  did  not  suffer  any  damage  during  the 
1913  flood.  The  only  inconvenience  suffered 
by  the  colleges  was  from  the  lack  of  light- 
ing, heating  and  water  facilities  for  a  short 
time.  In  many  cases  classes  were  disarranged 
and  schedules  demoralized.  Deeds  of  hero- 
ism, and  relief  work  of  all  kinds  were  re- 
ported from  many  institutions.  In  the  dis- 
cussion it  was  brought  out  that  several  libra- 
ries were  collecting  pamphlets,  reports  and 
clippings  on  the  flood,  and  flood  prevention 
plans,  Western  Reserve  Historical  Society 
having  the  best  and  most  complete  data  to 
date. 

Miss  Katherine  Shock  read  a  paper  on 
"Document  news."  The  discussion  following 
centered  around  the  chaotic  condition  of  Ohio 
documents  and  the  inability  of  libraries  to 
secure  them.  A  round-table  discussion  fol- 
lowed :  "How  can  the  college  section  be  of 
use  to  the  small  college  libraries?"  As  a 
tangible  result  two  propositions  were  adopted : 
First,  that  the  small  college  libraries  should 
be  visited  by  a  representative  of  the  larger 
libraries,  to  see  what  needs  are  present  and 
what  advice  and  help  can  be  rendered ;  sec- 
ond, that  Oberlin  College  Library  should  send 
to  every  college  library  in  the  state  a  list  of 
periodicals  needed  to  complete  its  Poole  sets, 
with  a  view  to  benefiting  the  smaller  college 
libraries  by  exchange  relations.  In  the  first 
case,  each  large  library  will  be  assigned  two, 
three  or  four  smaller  college  libraries  for  vis- 
its. Reports  on  these  visits  are  to  be  ren- 
dered at  next  year's  meeting.  In  the  second 
case,  if  it  is  seen  that  direct  benefits  accrue 
by  the  exchange  of  Poole  periodicals,  next 
year  another  field  will  be  attempted  for  a 
general  exchange. 

The  second  session  of  the  College  Section 
was  held  on  Friday  morning,  Oct.  10.  Miss 
Rena  B.  Findley  read  a  paper  on  "Akron's 
proposed  municipal  university."  The  next 
topic  on  the  program  was  the  "Extension  of 
parcels  post  to  books  and  inter-library  loans." 
Mr.  Root,  librarian  of  Oberlin  College, 
opened  the  discussion.  He  showed  the  effect 
parcels  post  would  have  on  a  library  in  the 
shipment  of  a  four  pound  book  to  each  of  the 
different  zones.  Up  to  a  certain  distance  par- 
cels post  would  be  cheaper  than  third  class 
mail ;  beyond  certain  distances  it  would  be 
more  costly.  Mr.  Root  advocated  a  "library 
post  law,"  by  which  books  could  be  sent  at 
one  cent  (ic)  per  pound,  or  a  law  by  which 
a  library  could  elect  to  send  books  by  parcels 
post  or  third  class  mail,  selecting  the  cheaper 
method.  In  the  discussion  which  followed  it 
was  voted  to  go  on  record  as  favoring  the 
extension  of  parcels  post  to  books.  An  elec- 
tion of  officers  followed.  Mr.  S.  J.  Branden- 
burg was  elected  chairman,  and  Miss  Minnie 
M.  Orr,  Marietta  College,  secretary. 

Thursday  afternoon,  through  the  courtesy 
of  the  citizens  of  Oberlin,  the  association 
enjoyed  an  automobile  ride  about  the  beauti- 


ful town,  stopping  to  visit  several  of  the  dor- 
mitories and  other  college  buildings,  en  route. 

The  evening  session  was  opened  with  an 
address  by  the  secretary  of  the  American  Li- 
brary Association,  Mr.  George  B.  Utley,  \vho 
gave  an  address  on  "The  American  Library 
Association  and  its  work."  Prof,  Edward 
Dickinson,  one  of  the  leading  authorities  in 
the  country  on  the  history  of  music,  followed 
with  a  lecture  on  "The  literature  of  music." 

The  Friday  morning  session  opened  with 
a  business  meeting.  Miss  Frances  Cleveland 
and  Miss  Willa  D.  Cotton  were  appointed 
auditing  committee.  A  communication  from 
the  secretary  of  the  American  Library  Asso- 
ciation was  read  regarding  the  amendment  to 
the  constitution  of  the  A.  L.  A.  which  pro- 
vides for  state  association  representation  in 
the  A.  L.  A.  council,  upon  the  payment  of 
$5  dues  for  a  membership  of  50  or  less  and 
an  additional  rate  of  ten  cents  per  member 
for  memberships  exceeding  50.  It  was  voted 
that  O.  L.  A.  should  avail  itself  of  this  oppor- 
tunity. It  was  further  voted  that  the  presi- 
dent represent  the  association  in  the  A.  L.  A. 
council. 

The  following  report  of  the  Resolutions 
Committee  was  accepted :  "The  Ohio  Library 
Association  appreciates  the  privilege  of  meet- 
ing in  Oberlin  as  the  opportunity  to  observe 
intimately  the  workings  of  the  unique  library 
system  which  has  been  developed  here  has 
been  a  rare  one,  and  one  which  will  be  a 
source  of  inspiration  to  those  of  us  in  other 
parts  of  the  state  during  the  months  to  come. 
Librarian  Root's  personal  efforts  and  sacri- 
fices have  made  the  meeting  an  unusual  suc- 
cess both  from  the  professional  and  social 
point  of  view. 

"To  those  who  have  co-operated  so  hos- 
pitably with  Mr.  Root  in  entertaining  the  as- 
sociation we  would  convey  our  gratitude.  In 
particular  we  desire  to  thank  the  members  of 
the  Women's  clubs  and  Daughters  of  the 
American  Revolution,  the  faculty  and  Con- 
servatory of  Music,  the  citizens  who  loaned 
the  services  of  their  automobiles  and  made 
possible  the  delightful  tour  of  the  city.  Presi- 
dent King,  Mrs.  Huckins,  Mr.  Utley  and  Prof. 
Dickinson  by  their  contributions  to  the  pro- 
gram have  placed  the  association  under  deep 
obligation  to  them. 

"The  Association  would  express  its  sincere 
sympathy  with  those  librarians  who  suffered 
so  heavily  in  the  recent  devastating  floods. 
Their  heroic  efforts  and  heavy  personal  sacri- 
fices have  gained  the  admiration  not  only  of 
their  fellow  workers  but  of  the  citizens  of 
their  various  communities.  It  is  cause  for 
congratulation  that  these  libraries  have  been 
speedily  replaced  upon  an  efficient  working 
basis." 

A  resolution  was  adopted  directing  the  in- 
coming executive  board  to  take  under  con- 
sideration the  advisability  of  making  an  ac- 
curate and  scientific  survey  of  library  condi- 


690 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  1913 


tions  in  Ohio,  the  survey  to  include,  ii  neces- 
sary, the  employment  of  expert  assistance. 
Miss  Sophie  M.  Collman  read  a  paper  on 
"Books  for  the  young  people's  section,"  and 
the  session  concluded  with  a  general  discus- 
sion of  township  extension  work. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  for  the 
ensuing  year:  President,  Mary  E.  Downey; 
first  vice  president,  Willis  F.  Sewall ;  second 
vice  president,  Electra  C  Doren;  third  vice 
president,  Herbert  S.  Hirshberg;  secretary, 
Minnie  Farren ;  treasurer,  Blanche  C.  Roberts. 
MATILDA  M.  LIGHT,  Acting  Secretary. 

KENTUCKY  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

The  seventh  annual  meeting  of  the  Kentucky 
Library  Association  was  held  in  Covington, 
Oct.  30-31,  1913.  The  first  session  was  called 
to  order  by  Miss  Florence  Dillard,  president. 
The  address  of  welcome  was  given  by  Mayor 
George  E.  Philipps,  of  Covington.  The  first 
paper  of  the  afternoon  was  given  by  Miss 
Lillie  Southgate,  Covington,  on  "What  the 
teacher  expects  from  the  public  library."  This 
was  followed  by  Mrs.  Henry  Englander,  of 
Cincinnati,  on  "WTiat  the  library  expects  from 
the  teacher."  Miss  B^ernice  Bell,  Louisville, 
spoke  on  the  children's  room,  its  needs  and 
its  administration.  Closing  the  session,  an 
exhibition  of  lantern  slides  of  Kentucky  views 
belonging  to  the  Covington  Library  was  given. 
The  library  circulates  many  slides  during  the 
year. 

The  second  session  was  called  to  order  in 
the  lecture  room  of  the  library,  Mr.  H.  B. 
Mackoy  presiding.  The  paper  of  the  evening 
was  read  by  Mr.  James  Albert  Green,  of  Cin- 
cinnati, on  the  "Relation  of  the  public  library 
to  the  community."  This  was  followed  by 
Mr.  John  Wilson  Townsend,  Lexington,  on 
"My  acquaintance  with  some  Kentucky  au- 
thors." 

The  third  session  was  held  Friday  morning. 
Mrs.  Settle  read  a  paper  on  "Why  and  how 
we  advertise  our  library,"  followed  by  a  dis- 
cussion on  library  advertising.  The  afternoon 
was  spent  in  a  visit  to  the  Rookwood  Pottery 
and  the  Cincinnati  Art  Museum. 

The  officers  elected  for  1913-1914  are: 
president,  Mrs.  Anne  M.  Spears,  Covington; 
first  vice-president,  Miss  Corwin,  Berea;  sec- 
ond vice-president,  Miss  Lucas,  Paris;  secre- 
tary, Mrs.  N.  B.  Dohrmann,  Covington; 
treasurer,  Mrs.  George  T.  Settle,  Louisville; 
member  at  large,  Mrs.  Joseph  Rupert,  Frank- 
fort. CARRIE  HUNT,  Secretary. 

MAINE  TEACHERS'  ASSOCIATION— DEPART- 
MENT  OF   LIBRARIES 

The  regular  meeting  of  the  Maine  Teach- 
ers'' Association  was  held  at  Bangor,  Oct.  30 
and  31.  Miss  Mary  C.  Richardson,  of  the 
Eastern  State  Normal  School  at  Castine,  pre- 
sided over  the  Library  section.  Ralph  K. 
Jones,  librarian  of  the  University  of  Maine 
nnd  chairman  of  the  committee  on  proposed 
library  legislation,  recommended  that  the  Li- 


brary section  endorse  a  request  to  be  made 
by  the  committee  to  the  State  Library  Com- 
mission that  the  commission  in  cooperation 
with  the  State  Department  of  Education  con- 
sider die  relations  between  public  libraries 
and  public  schools  with  a  view  to  coopera- 
tion between  them  in  the  purchase  and  use  of 
books,  and  also  consider  the  preparation  and 
distribution  of  printed  lists  of  books  recom- 
mended for  school  libraries  and  instruction 
suitable  for  school  library  interests. 

After  Mr.  Jones'  report  the  following  pro- 
gram was  given :  "Books  for  vocational  train- 
ing," Miss  M.  Grace  Fickett,  Western  State 
Normal  School,  Gorham ;  "How  to  use  a 
school  library,"  Josiah  W.  Taylor,  state  in- 
spector of  high  schools;  "Some  books  all 
children  enjoy,"  Miss  Annie  Carroll  Moore, 
supervisor  of  children's  work,  New  York 
Public  Library;  "Suggestions  for  a  teachers' 
professional  library,"  Professor  James  L.  Mc- 
Conaughy,  Bowdoin  College;  stereopticon 
talk,  "Children's  work  in  the  New  York  Pub- 
lic Library  arid  its  branches,"  Miss  Moore. 

Xtbrarg  Clubs 

CHICAGO    LIBRARY   CLUB 

The  November  meeting  of  the  Chicago  Li- 
brary Club  was  held  Nov.  13  in  the  Training 
Class  room  of  the  Chicago  Public  Library. 

The  president  announced  that  the  directors 
of  the  Art  Institute,  as  in  years  heretofore, 
would  issue  special  tickets  to  librarians  for 
free  admission  to  all  the  exhibitions  held  at 
the  Art  Institute,  these  tickets  to  be  had  on 
application  to  Miss  Van  Home,  librarian  of 
the  Ryerson  Library,  Art  Institute. 

The  president  further  announced  that  the 
National  Council  of  Teachers  of  English 
would  hold  a  library  session  at  the  Audito- 
rium on  Friday  afternoon,  Nov.  28,  the  sub- 
ject being  "Essentials  in  the  correlation  of 
library,  teacher  and  student."  In  an  appro- 
priate introduction  of  Mr.  Samuel  H.  Ranck, 
the  speaker  of  the  evening,  the  president  in- 
cidentally included  in  his  remarks  the  infor- 
mation that  there  are  27  counties  in  Illinois 
which  have  no  libraries  within  their  bound- 
aries. 

Mr.  Samuel  H.  Ranck,  librarian  of  the 
Grand  Rapids  Public  Library,  gave  a  very  in- 
teresting illustrated  lecture  on  "The  problem 
of  public  library  service  for  our  rural  popu- 
lation, more  than  half  the  people  of  the  United 
States."  Mr.  Ranck  stated  introductorily  that 
being  born  and  raised  in  the  country,  educated 
in  country  schools,  he  was  now  going  back 
to  the  country  on  a  farm,  just  30  miles  out- 
side of  Grand  Rapids. 

He  claimed  from  statistical  data  that  46,- 
000,000  people  live  in  rural  districts,  and  that 
this  population  is  worse  off  religiously*  educa- 
tionally, economically,  and  socially  than  a  cen- 
tury ago ;  that  the  average  health  of  the  baby 
of  the  city  is  better  than  in  rural  districts, 


December,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


691 


likewise  the  child  has  a  better  chance  educa- 
tionally, socially,  and  economically  in  the  city. 
Unsatisfactory  educational  facilities  drive  peo- 
ple to  the  city,  and  there  are  a  million  and  a 
half  people  without  library  service  in  Mich- 
igan. 

Mr.  Ranck  then  proceeded,  by  the  aid  of 
lantern  slides,  to  give  a  fair  idea  of  the  rural 
conditions  in  the  United  States,  how  in  Con- 
necticut the  delivery  automobile  meets  the  li- 
brary problem  by  delivering  books  from  house 
to  house,  and  how  Washington  county,  Mary- 
land, too,  had  its  book  wagon.  The  Cincin- 
nati Public  Library  is  the  library  of  the  people 
of  Hamilton  county,  with  notion  stores, 
plumber  shops,  drug  stores,  etc.,  as  distribut- 
ing points.  Indiana  has  her  township  libraries 
and  Monona  county,  Iowa,  with  her  county  li- 
brary as  a  unit  is  very  successful.  Multnomah 
county,  Oregon,  has  a  successful  system,  where 
the  circulation  was  four  volumes  per  capita 
of  the  rural  population. 

Then  coming  back  to  Grand  Rapids,  Mr. 
Ranck  sketched  briefly  and  clearly  the  work 
of  the  Grand  Rapids  Public  Library,  its  school 
work,  its  special  libraries  for  crippled  children, 
etc.,  endeavoring  to  bring  to  the  people  the 
books  that  are  theirs,  the  very  books  they  want 
and  need.  The  last  picture  was  unique,  as  in- 
asmuch as  it  was  a  picture  of  a  grandstand 
filled  112,000  strong,  it  merely  represented  the 
112,0000  people  of  Grand  Rapids  and  vicinity 
that  are  the  yearly  patrons  of  the  library. 
AGNES  J.  PETERSEN,  Secretary. 

MILWAUKEE  LIBRARY  CLUB 

The  Milwaukee  Library  Club  has  arranged 
for  four  meetings  to  be  held  during  the  season 
of  1913-1914.  The  first  of  these  was  held  on 
Tuesday  evening,  Oct.  21,  in  the  children's 
room  of  the  Milwaukee  Public  Library,  and 
was  well  attended.  The  meeting  was  preceded 
by  a  light  luncheon,  after  which  short  talks 
were  given  on  the  following  topics :  "Sidelights 
on  the  A.  L.  A.  conference,"  by  Sylvester  J. 
Carter,  reference  librarian  in  the  Milwaukee 
Public  Library;  "As  we  see  the  public,"  by 
Helen  Apple,  librarian  in  one  of  the  city 
branches;  "As  the  public  sees  us,"  by  L.  T. 
Gould,  of  the  State  Normal  School  faculty; 
and  "What  the  library  means  to  me,"  by  Mrs. 
E.  E.  Dewey,  a  prominent  club  woman  of  the 
city 

The  next  meeting  will  be  held  Dec.  16,  and 
will  be  a  Christmas  party.  At  the  third  meet- 
ing Feb.  17,  the  topics  for  discussion  will  be 
"Municipal  and  legislative  libraries"  and 
"Branch  library  work,"  and  the  fourth  and  last 
meeting  will  be  a  book  symposium,  on  April  21. 

The  present  officers  of  the  club  are:  presi- 
dent, Leo  Tiefenthaler ;  vice-president,  Mary 
E.  Dousman ;  secretary-treasurer,  Josephine 
Kulzick;  additional  members  of  the  board, 
Alice  B.  Radcliffe  and  Delia  G.  Ovitz. 

JOSEPHINE  KULZICK,  Secretary. 


JOINT    MEETING-NEW    YORK,    NEW    JERSEY 

AND  LONG  ISLAND  CLUBS 
A  joint  meeting  of  the  New  York  Library 
Club,  the  Long  Island  Club  and  the  New  Jer- 
sey Library  Association  will  be  held  on  the 
afternoon  of  Thursday,  Dec.  11,  at  3  o'clock. 
The  program  will  be  of  unsual  interest,  as 
Mr.  Alfred  Noyes  has  been  secured  to  deliver 
a  lecture.  The  meeting  will  be  open  to  mem- 
bers of  these  associations  only.  The  place  of 
the  meeting  will  be  announced  in  the  next 
number  of  the  New  York  Library  Club  Bul- 
letin. 

Xfbrarg  Scbools  anfc  draining 

Classes 

NEW   YORK  STATE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

The  reorganization  of  the  State  Library  in 
the  new  building  and  the  resumption  of  reg- 
ular service  to  readers  has  enabled  the  school 
for  the  first  time  since  the  fall  of  1910  to  plan 
class  problems  and  practice  work  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  school  year  with  some  assurance 
of  permanence  in  the  general  situation 
throughout  the  year.  The  increased  oppor- 
tunities for  reading-room  service  and  the 
greater  ease  with  which  the  various  ^  sections 
of  the  library  can  be  used  are  reacting  very 
favorably  on  the  general  school  work. 

The  large  lecture  room  (No.  323)  on  the 
third  floor  of  the  State  Education  Building 
which,  for  the  greater  part  of  the  last  school 
year  was  occupied  by  the  catalog  section  of 
the  State  Library,  is  now  being  used  as  a 
class  room.  Alterations  in  the  ceiling  have 
very  much  improved  the  acoustics. 

Class  organizations  for  the  year  are: 

Class  of  1914:  President,  Florence  L.  In- 
galls;  vice  president,  P.  F.  Vilhelm  Slomann; 
secretary-treasurer,  Amy  Cowley. 

Class  of  1915:  President,  Donald  B.  Gil- 
christ;  vice  president,  Gladys  B.  Allison;  sec- 
retary-treasurer, Edna  E.  Bayer. 

Elizabeth  Lowry  of  the  class  of  1914  has 
been  obliged  to  leave  the  school  on  account  of 
ill  health. 

Dr.  Otto  V.  Huffman,  secretary  of  the  New 
York  State  Board  of  Medical  Examiners, 
talked  to  the  school  on  "Medical  books  for  a 
public  library,"  Nov.  14.  On  Nov.  17,  Mr. 
Layton  S.  Hawkins,  specialist  in  agricultural 
education  of  the  University  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  talked  on  "Books  on  agriculture 
and  rural  life."  Each  talk  was  supplemented 
by  a  small  collection  of  good  books  on  the 
subject  in  the  New  York  State  Library. 

Amendments  to  the  "Regents  rules"  have 
changed  the  corporate  name  of  the  New  York 
State  Education  Department  to  the  University 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  the  original  title 
under  which  the  educational  interests  of  the 
state  were  organized  in  1784.  The  university 
remains  an  administrative,  not  a  teaching  de- 


692 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  1913 


partment,  and  future  references  to  the  uni- 
versity instead  of  the  State  Education  De- 
partment will  imply  a  change  in  terminology 
rather  than  any  changed  status  of  the  school 
and  its  work.  Though  ranked  as  a  separate 
"educational  division"  of  the  university,  it*  still 
maintains  its  individual  name  and  organiza- 
tion. 

ALUMNI     NOTES 

Burnham,  Miss  Adele,  N.  Y.  State  Library 
School,  'i2-'i3,  went  to  the  Superior  (Wis.) 
Public  Library  in  October  as  general  assist- 
ant. 

Dick,  Miss  Margaret  S.,  N.  Y.  State  Li- 
brary School,  '12-13,  has  been  appointed  gen- 
eral branch  assistant,  Detroit  Public  Library. 

Phelps,  Miss  Anna  R.,  N.  Y.  State  Library 
School,  '01,  spent  October  inl  reorganizing 
the  Mount  Kisco  (N.  Y.)  Public  Library  and 
is  now  engaged  on  speqal  temporary  work  at 
the  Utica  Public  Library. 

Thomas,  Mr.  Arthur  N.,  N.  Y.  State  Li- 
brary School,  '12-13,  has  been  appointed  as- 
sistant in  the  reading  room  of  the  Library 
of  Congress. 

Vogleson,  Miss  Helen  E.,  N.  Y.  State  Li- 
brary School,  '03-04,  has  resigned  the  libra- 
rian ship  of  the  Mount  Washington  Branch 
of  the  Carnegie  Library  of  Pittsburgh,  to  be- 
come supervisor,  county  extension  department 
of  the  Santa  Barbara  (Cal.)  Public  Library. 

Wheeler,  Mr.  Harold  L.,  B.L.S.,  N.  Y.  State 
Library  School,  '13,  has  been  appointed  as- 
sistant in  the  circulation  department  of  the 
New  York  Public  Library. 

Wilcox,  Miss  Ruth  S.,  N.  Y.  State  Library 
School,  '12-13,  has  gone  to  the  New  York 
Public  Library  as  temporary  branch  assistant. 

Masterson,  Miss  Adele,  N.  Y.  State  Library 
Summer  School,  '13,  has  resigned  the  Hbra- 
rianship  of  the  Library  and  Historical  Society 
of  Goshen,  N.  Y.,  to  become  Children's  libra- 
rian in  the  Schermerhorn  Branch  of  the 
Brooklyn  Public  Library. 

Long,  Miss  Harriet  C,  B.L.S.,  N.  Y.  State 
Library  School,  'ip,  has  left  the  Santa  Bar- 
bara (Cal.)  Public  Library,  where  she  has 
been  in  charge  of  county  extension  work,  and 
has  accepted  the  librarianship  of  Kern  County, 
Cal. 

Milam,  Mr.  Carl  H.,  N.  Y.  State  Library 
School,  'o7-'o8,  has  resigned  the  secretaryship 
of  ^the  Indiana  Public  Library  Commission, 
which  he  has  held  for  four  years,  to  become 
librarian  of  the  Public  Library  of  Birming- 
ham, Ala.  Pending  the  appointment  of  a 
permanent  successor,  Miss  Carrie  E.  Scott, 
N.  Y.  State  Library  School,  '05-06,  will  serve 
as  acting  secretary  of  the  commission. 

F.  K.  WALTER. 

PRATT  INSTITUTE  SCHOOL  OF  LIBRARY 
SCIENCE 

The  Graduates'  Association  reception  for  the 
class  of  1914  was  held  on  Nov.  5  in  the  north 
class  room  with  an  attendance  of  84.  It  had 


been  felt  for  some  years  that  any  sort  of  for- 
mal entertainment  was  an  interruption  to 
rather  than  a  promotion  of  sociability,  so  this 
year  the  experiment  was  tried  of  doing  with- 
out any  program  whatever.  To  judge  by 
sound  and  appearance  the  innovation  was  a 
great  success. 

The  class  of  1914  has  had  its  organization 
meeting,  electing  Miss  Florence  L.  Crosier  of 
Cleveland,  president,  and  Miss  Natalie  Smith 
of  Duluth,  secretary  and  treasurer. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Library  Chap- 
ter of  the  Neighborship  Association  was  ad- 
dressed by  Miss  Bertha  Gibbs,  director  of  the 
Music  School  at  the  Greenpoint  Settlement, 
who  told  of  the  use  that  had  been  made  of 
the  collection  of  music  which  the  chapter  had 
bought  last  year,  and  made  a  plea  for  an  addi- 
tion to  the  collection  of  sheet  music,  also 
for  books  dealing  with  the  history  of  music 
that  could  be  read  by  the  children.  Miss 
Floretta  Kimball,  class  of  1914,  was  elected 
president  of  the  Chapter. 

The  first  visiting  lecturer  of  the  season  was 
Dr.  Frank  P.  Hill,  who  spoke  on  the  organ- 
ization and  work  of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Li- 
brary on  Tuesday,  Nov.  n. 

ALUMNI    NOTES 

Miss  Elizabeth  J.  Sherwood,  '07,  has  re- 
ceived the  appointment  of  head  cataloger  at 
the  Iowa  State  College  Library,  Ames,  Iowa. 

Miss  Agnes  F.  Greer,  '08,  formerly  librarian 
of  the  West  End  Branch  of  the  Pittsburgh 
Public  Library,  assumed  the  librarianship  of 
the  Ballard  Branch  of  the  Seattle  Public  Li- 
brary in  November. 

Miss  Mildred  E.  Davis,  '10,  formerly  chil- 
dren's librarian  at  the  Public  Library  of 
Salem,  Ore.,  has  received  an  appointment  in 
the  children's  department  of  the  New  York 
Public  Library. 

Miss  Laura  Stutz,  '10,  was  married  to  Mr. 
George  F.  Rogalsky  of  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  on 
Sept.  17. 

Miss  Leila  G.  Forbes,  'n,  formerly  assist- 
ant librarian  at  Wells  College,  has  been  made 
librarian  of  the  Randolph-Macon  College 
Library  at  Lynchburg,  Va. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Morton,  '12,  has  gone  to  the 
Seattle  Public  Library  as  cataloger. 

Miss  Mabel  E.  Balston,  '13,  is  to  substitute 
in  the  Children's  Museum  for  three  months 
during  the  leave  of  absence  of  Miss  Marion 
P.  Bolles,  class  of  1911. 

Mrs.  Grace  Hanford  Birdsall,  Pratt  1895, 
has  been  made  head  of  the  loan  department 
of  the  Osterhout  Free  Library,  Wilkes-Barre, 
Pa. 

Miss  Agnes  M.  Elliott,  Pratt  1806,  has  gone 
to  the  Public  Library  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  as 
general  reference  assistant. 

Miss  Susan  R.  Clendenin,  Pratt  '01  and  '04, 
has  received  the  appointment  of  librarian-in- 
charge  of  the  "Falls  of  the  Schuylkiir 
Branch  of  the  Philadelphia  Public  Library. 


December,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


693 


Miss  Ida  M.  Mendenhall,  Pratt  '04,  has 
gone  to  the  Public  Library  at  Utica,  N.  Y., 
for  the  purpose  of  planning  and  organizing 
work  with  the  schools. 

JOSEPHINE  ADAMS  RATHBONE,  Vice-Director. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 
The  year  which  began  Sept.  22  is  the 
twenty-first  year  of  the  school's  history.  The 
faculty  this  year  is  the  same  as  that  of  last 
year,  and  the  number  of  students  is  40,  an 
increase  of  5.  There  are  27  juniors  and  13 
seniors;  seven  of  these  carry  only  a  part  of 
the  required  courses.  In  addition  to  the  40, 
three  students  from  other  colleges  of  the  uni- 
versity are  taking  courses  in  the  Library 
School.  Eighteen  of  the  juniors  have  had 
library  experience;  of  these  three  have  had 
sufficient  experience  to  warrant  them  in  tak- 
ing examinations  in  some  of  the  junior 
courses.  These  three  were  admitted  to  ad- 
vanced standing,  and  may  carry  some  senior 
work.  Two  of  the  juniors  are  men.  Two 
of  the  seniors  completed  the  junior  work  two 
or  three  years  ago,  have  been  holding  library 
positions,  and  return  now  to  complete  the 
course. 

Fourteen  states  are  represented  by  students 
as  follows:  Illinois,  20;  Iowa,  5;  Michigan,  3; 
Alabama,  2;  Indiana,  2;  Pennsylvania,  New 
York,  Ohio,  Kansas,  Minnesota,  Idaho,  North 
Dakota,  and  Texas,  one  each.  The  twenty- 
seven  universities  and  colleges  represented 
are:  University  of  Illinois,  10;  State  Univer- 
sity of  Iowa,  2;  Knox  College,  2;  Penn  Col- 
lege, 2 ;  University  of  Michigan,  2 ;  and  one 
each  from  Illinois  Woman's  College,  Cornell 
University,  Fairmount  College,  University  of 
Alabama,  Brown  University,  Grinnell  College, 
Purdue  University,  Missouri  Wesleyan  Col- 
lege, Albion  College,  Coe  College,  Ohio  State 
University,  Rockford  College,  University  of 
Minnesota,  Ottawa  University,  Oberlin  Col- 
lege, Leland  S'tanford  University,  Lincoln 
College,  University  of  North  Dakota,  Mon- 
mouth  College,  Northwestern  University,  Uni- 
versity of  Texas,  and  Wooster  University. 

SENIORS 

Minnie  Joanna  Bollman,  Champaign,  111.  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois,  A.B.,  1910. 

Nelle  Uree  Branch,  Champaign,  111.  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois,  A.B.,  1907. 

Elizabeth  Hamilton  Davis,  Carbondale,  111. 
Illinois  Woman's  College,  A.B.,  1909. 

Fanny  Dunlap,  Champaign,  111.  State  Uni- 
versity of  Iowa,  Ph.B.,  1905. 

Stella  Belle  Galpin,  Galesburg,  111.  Knox 
College,  A.B.,  1911. 

Antoinette  Helen  Goetz,  Iowa  City,  la.  State 
University  of  Iowa,  A.B.,  1906. 

Margaret  May  Herdman,  Winnetka,  111.  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois,  A.B.,  1910. 

Marian  Leatherman,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  Cornell 
University,  A.B.,  1907. 


Katharine  Lewis,  Chicago,  111.  University  of 
Illinois,  A.B.,  1912. 

Louise  Fenimore  Schwartz,  Knoxville,  111. 
Knox  College,  A.B.,  1907. 

Rose  Roberts  Sears,  Chicago,  111.  Fairmount 
College,  A.B.,  1909. 

Sabra  Elizabeth  Stevens,  Mahomet,  111.  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois,  A.B.,  1906. 

Mary  Zeliaette  Troy,  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.  Uni- 
versity of  Alabama,  B.A.,  1912. 

JUNIORS 

Rachel  Agg,  Oskaloosa,  la.  Penn  College, 
Ph.B.,  1911. 

Thomas  Parker  Ayer,  New  York  City.  Brown 
University,  A.B.,  1909. 

Elsie  Louise  Baechtold,  Talladega,  Ala.  Grin- 
nell College,  A.B.,  1911. 

Mary  Grace  Barnes,  La  Fayette,  Ind.  Pur- 
due University,  B.S.,  1804. 

Susan  True  Benson,  Urbana,  111.  Missouri 
Wesleyan  College,  A.B.,  1909. 

Ethyl  May  Blum,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  Univer- 
sity of  Michigan,  A.B.,  1907. 

Mabel  Louise  Conat,  Detroit,  Mich.  Univer- 
sity of  Michigan,  A.B.,  1909. 

Grace  Adelaide  England,  Detroit,  Mich.  Al- 
bion College,  A.B.,  1910. 

Irene  Arabella  Good,  Kenwood  Park,  la.  Coe 
College,  B.S.,  1913. 

Edith  Hyde,  Lancaster,  O.  Ohio  State  Uni- 
versity, B.A.,  1908. 

Frances  Marjorie  Kilburn,  Chicago,  111. 
Rockford  College,  A.B.,  1911. 

Ethel  Gyola  Kratz,  Champaign,  111.  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois,  A.B.,  1910. 

Elsie  Everett  Martin,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
University  of  Minnesota,  B.A.,  1905. 

Rose  Margaret  Mather,  Plainfield,  111.  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois,  A.B.,  1905. 

Norma  Lee  Peck,  Ottawa,  Kan.  Ottawa 
University,  A.B.,  1913. 

Alma  Meriba  Penrose,  Grinnell,  la.  Oberlin 
College,  A.B.,  1901. 

George  Humphrey  Roach,  Kendrick,  Idaho. 
Leland  Stanford  Jr.  University,  A.B.,  1897. 

Nellie  Read  Roberts,  Champaign,  111.  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois,  A.B.,  1913. 

Blanche  Robertson,  Oskaloosa,  la.  Penn  Col- 
lege, Ph.B.,  1908. 

Nelle  Marie  Signor,  Urbana,  111.  University 
of  Illinois,  A.B.,  1912. 

Grace  Binford  Smith,  Kokomo,  Ind.  Lincoln 
College,  Ph.B.,  1912. 

Cena  Lavina  Sprague,  Grafton,  N.  D.  Uni- 
versity of  North  Dakota,  B.A.,  1913. 

Alta  Caroline  Swigart,  Champaign,  111.  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois,  A.B.,  1910. 

Mary  Lucile  Warnock,  Little  York,  111.  Mon- 
mouth  College,  A.B.,  1913. 

Leila  Belle  Wilcox,  Princeville,  111.  North- 
western University,  A.B.,  1913. 

Margaret  Stuart  Williams,  Hamilton,  Tex. 
University  of  Texas,  B.A.,  1912. 

Margaret  Irene  Winning.  Rossville,  III. 
Wooster  University,  Ph.B.,  1912. 


694 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  1913 


SCHOOL    NOTES 

A  recommended  list  of  college  studies  pre- 
paratory to  work  in  the  Library  School  was 
distributed  widely  in  September,  in  the  belief 
that  prospective  students  need  guidance  in 
selecting  their  undergraduate  courses. 

Dr.  W.  Dawson  Johnston,  librarian  of  Co- 
lumbia University,  addressed  the  school 
Nov.  7. 

The  seniors  gave  a  welcoming  party  to  the 
juniors  on  Sept.  30  in  the  parlors  of  the 
Woman's  Building. 

The  Library  Club,  whose  membership  com- 
prises the  Library  School  faculty  and  stu- 
dents, and  the  members  of  the  University  of 
Illinois  Library  staff,  held  its  opening  meet- 
ing for  the  year  1913-14  on  Saturday  even- 
ing, Nov.  8,  in  the  parlors  of  the  Woman's 
Building.  This  first  meeting  of  the  year  was 
a  reception  to  those  members  of  the  univer- 
sity faculty  who  had  lectured  before  the  Li- 
brary School  during  the  previous  year,  or 
who  have  some  special  official  connection 
with  the  library.  The  guests  included  also 
the  librarians  of  the  two  local  public  libra- 
ries, Champaign  and  Urbana,  and  all  former 
members  of  the  school  not  now  in  library 
work  who  are  living  in  either  of  the  two 
towns. 

The  university  has  issued  an  Alumni  Rec- 
ord, (921  pages,  8vo.,  1913)  which  contains 
biographical  sketches  of  all  alumni  of  the 
university.  Sketches  of  graduates  of  the  Li- 
brary School  are,  of  course,  included  in  the 
publication. 

ALUMNI    NOTES 

Clara  M.  Brooks,  B.L.S.,  1912,  is  librarian 
of  the  Hoopeston  (111.)  public  library. 

Helen  Wilkinson,  1912-13,  is  in  charge  of 
the  Hyde  Park  branch  of  the  Cincinnati  pub- 
lic library. 

Cora  Parker,  1912-13,  is  an  assistant  in  the 
State  Normal  College,  Emporia,  Kan. 

Vera  J.  Snook,  1912-13,  is  librarian  and 
teacher  of  English  in  the  Grandview  Normal 
School,  Grandview,  Tenn. 

Edith  H.  Ford,  B.L.S.,  1913,  is  an  assistant 
in  the  Rockford  (111.),  public  library. 

Elizabeth  H.  Cass,  B.L.S.,  1913;  Myrtle  A. 
Renz,  B.L.S.,  1912;  Marguerite  Mitchell, 
1911-13;  Mary  Zeliaette  Troy,  1912-13;  Hazel 
Y.  Shaw,  1912-13,  and  Mary  E.  Love,  1911-12, 
have  been  appointed  assistants  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois  Library. 

Edith  Hague,  1912-13,  is  an  assistant  in  the 
Kansas  State  Agricultural  College,  Manhat- 
tan, Kan. 

Flora  M.  Brown,  1912-13,  is  an  assistant  in 
the  Minneapolis  public  library. 

Thaxter  C.  Thayer,  1912-13,  and  Bertram 
Smith,  1912-13,  are  assistants  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  California  Library. 
f  Edith  M.  Morgan,  1912-13,  is  acting  libra- 
rian of  the  Chicago  Theological  Seminary  for 
the  year. 


Marian  Leatherman,  1912-13,  is  departmen- 
tal library  assistant  in  the  History  and  Polit- 
ical Science  Seminar,  University  of  Illinois. 

Mary  A.  Torrance,  B.L.S.,  1913,  is  depart- 
mental library  assistant  in  the  classics,  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois. 

P.  L.  WINDSOR,  Director. 

DREXEL   INSTITUTE  LIBRARY   SCHOOL 

The  class  of  1914  has  organized  with  th« 
following  officers :  president,  Helen  L.  John- 
ston; secretary,  Agnes  E.  Ryan;  treasurer, 
Agnes  W.  Schultze. 

Instruction  will  be  given  this  year  in  par- 
liamentary law  by  Mr.  Altmaier,  head  of  the 
Department  of  commerce  and  finance. 

Miss  Mary  P.  Farr  lectured  Nov.  3  on  Li- 
brary organizing  in  Maryland,  and  showed 
some  interesting  pictures  of  small  libraries. 

In  the  Selection  of  books  course  each  stu- 
dent is  required  to  read  and  discuss  in  class 
five  or  six  books  during  the  year. 

In  addition  to  the  books  discussed,  each 
student  is  required  to  read  during  the  year  : 

Galsworthy,  "Strife,"  or  Peabody,  "The 
piper";  Harrison,  "V.  V.'s  eyes,"  Sidgwick, 
"Herself,"  or  Sidgwick,  "Promise";  Addams, 
"A  new  conscience  and  an  ancient  evil,"  or 
Addams,  "Spirit  of  youth  and  the  city  streets" ; 
Barnes,  "Woman  in  modern  society,"  Coolidge, 
"Why  women  are  so,"  or  Schreiner,  "Woman 
and  labor." 

Students  who  have  never  read  any  novel  by 
Dumas,  Tolstoi  or  Turgenev,  are  required  to 
read  one  novel  by  each. 

One  additional  book  must  be  chosen  by  each 
student  to  be  read  by  May  25,  1914.  A  critical 
review  of  this  is  to  be  handed  in  as  part  of  the 
examination  in  Book  selection.  Fiction,  with 
the  exception  of  Tolstoi's  "War  and  peace," 
may  not  be  chosen. 

The  course  in  Book  numbers  and  Shelf  list- 
ing was  finished  and  an  examination  given  on 
Nov.  26. 

A  visit  was  paid  on  Nov.  12  to  the  Free 
Library  of  Philadelphia.  The  class  enjoyed 
an  interesting  talk  from  Mr.  John  Thomson 
on  the  history  of  the  library  before  visiting 
its  various  departments. 

Thanksgiving  vacation  began  at  noon  Nov. 
26,  and  ended  at  9  a.m.  Dec.  I. 

The  Young  Women's  Athletic  Association  of 
Drexel  Institute  gave  an  afternoon  of  field 
sports  and  served  tea  at  Runnymede,  the  old 
Drexel  estate,  Saturday,  Nov.  i.  The  faculty 
and  women  students  were  invited.  Miss 
Glauce  Wilson,  of  the  library  class,  served  on 
the  Committee  of  entertainment. 

ALUMNI    NOTES 

Mary  P.  Farr,  1895,  has  finished  her  work 
with  the  Maryland  Free  Library  Commission 
for  this  year  and  accepted  a  position  to  re- 
catalog  the  Manchester  (Mass.)  Public  Li- 
brary. Miss  Farr  will  return  to  Maryland  in 
1914. 


Becember,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


695 


Mary  B.  Snyder,  '02,  took  the  senior  year  in 
the  Library  School  of  the  New  York  Public 
Library,  1912-13,  and  has  been  appointed  li- 
brarian in  charge  of  the  Steinway  branch  of 
the  Queens  Borough  Public  Library. 
^  Edith  G.  Chamberlin,  '03,  has  been  assist- 
ing temporarily  in  the  Hall-Fowler  Memorial 
Library,  Ionia,  Mich. 

Sara  L.  Young,  '06,  has  resigned  her  posi- 
tion as  cataloger  in  the  library  of  the  Ameri- 
can Philosophical  Society,  Philadelphia,  to  ac- 
cept the  position  of  assistant  in  the  Wells 
College  Library,  Aurora,  N.  Y. 

Katherine  E.  Hunt,  '07,  has  accepted  a  tem- 
porary position  as  cataloger  in  Howe  Library, 
Hanover,  N.  H. 

Amy  S.  Baldwin,  '08,  has  resigned  her  posi- 
tion as  librarian  of  the  Conshohocken  (Pa.) 
Public  Library,  to  accept  the  position  of  libra- 
rian in  charge  of  the  West  End  branch  of  the 
Carnegie  Library  of  Pittsburgh. 

Susie  E.  Black,  '11,  has  resigned  her  position 
as  librarian  of  the  West  End  Association, 
Chester,  Pa.,  to  take  a  position  as  children's 
librarian  of  the  Lehigh  Avenue  branch  of  the 
Free  Public  Library  of  Philadelphia. 

Mildred  Subers,  'n,  has  finished  her  course 
at  the  Training  School  for  Children's  Libra- 
rians, Pittsburgh,  and  accepted  a  position  as 
children's  librarian  at  the  Apprentices'  Library, 
Philadelphia. 

Martha  L.  Coplin,  '13,  has  accepted  a  tem- 
porary position  as  cataloger  in  the  Library  of 
the  Commercial  Museum,  Philadelphia. 

Mary  Helen  Jones,  '13,  has  been  appointed 
librarian  of  the  West  End  Association  Li- 
brary, Chester,  Pa. 

Marian  Pierce,  who  did  most  of  her  work 
with  the  class  of  1913,  and  is  finishing  this 
year  work  that  temporary  trouble  with  her 
eyes  forced  her  to  drop  last  year,  and  who 
conducted  a  very  successful  story  hour  at  the 
College  Settlement  of  Philadelphia  last  win- 
ter, had  charge  of  the  domestic  work  of  the 
children  at  the  Settlement  Fresh  Air  House  at 
Frankford,  Pa.,  last  summer,  conducted  two 
story  hours  per  day  and  assisted  on  the  play- 
ground. 

CORINNE  BACON,  Director. 

SIMMONS    COLLEGE— DEPARTMENT    OF    LI- 
BRARY   SCIENCE 

The  chief  technical  work  of  the  first  term 
this  year  is  comprised  in  the  courses  in  Cutter 
classification,  carried  by  Miss  Sargent;  Refer- 
ence, bibliography  and  book  selection,  by  Miss 
Donnelly,  and  the  composite  course,  called 
"Library  economy,"  by  Miss  Hill. 

In  the  last  mentioned  the  class  has  taken  up 
so  far  binding,  alphabeting,  shelf,  loan  and 
order  work.  Visits  were  made  to  the  River- 
side Press,  Farquhar's  bindery,  and  to  book- 
binding exhibits  at  the  Boston  Public  Library 
and  the  Boston  Art  Museum. 

Practice  in  alphabeting  and  filing  has  been 
obtained  in  the  State  Library,  through  the 


courtesy  of  Mr.  Belden,  on  its  Library  of 
Congress  depository  catalog. 

On  Nov.  6,  on  the  invitation  of  Miss  For- 
rest, the  class  visited  the  Milton  Public  Li- 
brary. Besides  the  usual  attractions  of  the 
library,  a  fine  collection  of  old  samplers  which 
the  library  had  on  exhibition  interested  the 
students  very  much. 

A  variety  of  opportunities  for  practice  work 
presents  itself  which  the  school  is  glad  to  avail 
itself  of,  so  far  as  the  schedule  of  college 
hours  of  recitation  allows.  Students  are  con- 
ducting story  hours  in  the  public  libraries  of 
Newton  and  Belmont,  are  cataloging  the  Sun- 
day school  library  of  Newtonville,  and  the 
high  school  library  in  Roxbury,  and  are  work- 
ing in  the  Harvard  University  Library  of 
landscape  architecture.  Two  are  assisting  in 
the  Roxbury  Neighborhood  House  Library,  and 
many  have  charge  of  home  libraries  in  con- 
nection with  their  course  in  "Philanthropic 
problems."  Most  of  the  seniors  and  many  of 
the  juniors  gained  practical  experience  in  New 
England  and  New  York  libraries  during  the 
last  summer  vacation. 

Notwithstanding  their  full  programs,  a  num- 
ber of  the  students,  especially  those  in  Book 
selection,  are  finding  time  to  enjoy  the  course 
of  lectures  given  in  the  Lowell  Institute  lec- 
tures by  Dr.  Alfred  Noyes  on  "The  sea  in 
English  poetry,"  as  well  as  other  lectures  given 
by  that  famous  institution. 

A  course  in  continental  literature,  given  by 
members  of  the  faculty  of  Simmons  College, 
gives  a  broader  outlook  to  the  library  student. 

NOTES    OF   POSITIONS 

Margaret  Campbell,  Simmons  1912-13,  has 
been  appointed  assistant  to  the  cataloger  in  the 
Los  Angeles  County  Free  Library. 

Elisabeth  D.  English,  Simmons  1912-13,  has 
accepted  the  assistant  librarianship  in  Win- 
throp  College  Library,  Rock  Hill,  S.  C. 

Elizabeth  Haseltine,  Simmons  1912-13,  is 
taking  a  course  in  the  senior  year  of  the  New 
York  Public  Library  School,  and  is  working 
in  that  library. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Blackall,  a  special  student 
1912-13,  has  entered  the  class  in  Legislative  ref- 
erence work  offered  this  year  by  the  University 
of  Wisconsin. 

Elinor  Whitney,  Simmons  1912,  has  accepted 
a  position  in  the  Boston  Art  Museum  Library. 

Helen  Follansbee,  a  student  in  the  Simmons 
summer  class,  1913,  has  been  appointed  in  thr 
Thomas  Crane  Library,  Quincy,  Mass. 
JUNE  RICHARDSON  DONNELLY, 
Chairman  of  the  Library  Faculty. 

CARNEGIE  LIBRARY  OF  PITTSBURGH— TRAIN- 
ING SCHOOL  FOR  CHILDREN'S  LIBRARIANS 

Courses  scheduled  for  the  autumn  term  are : 
Junior  class 

General  library  work,  Mr.  Harrison  W.  Craven 
Aids  to  library  economy,  Miss  Mann. 


696 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  1913 


Book  selection,  Miss  Bogle,  Miss  Willard, 
Miss  Smith,  Miss  Whiteman,  Miss  Water- 
man. 

Classification,  Miss  Mann. 

Reference  work,  Miss  Willard,  Miss  Stewart, 
Mr.  McClelland. 

Seminar  for  periodical  review,  Miss  McCurdy. 

Story  telling,  Mrs.  Gudrun  Thorne-Thomsen. 

Illustrated  book  lists  and  picture  work,  Miss 
Schwartz. 

Library  handwriting,  Miss  Beale. 

Senior  class 

Book  selection,  Miss  Willard,  Miss   Smith. 
Social  conditions,  Miss  Meloy. 

The  junior  class  matriculated  on  Oct.  22  at 
the  University  of  Pittsburgh  for  the  course  in 
Games  and  plays  given  by  Miss  Alice  Corbin, 
of  the  Pittsburgh  Playground  Association. 

The  senior  course  in  Social  conditions  is 
given  this  year  by  Miss  Luella  Meloy,  instruc- 
tor in  sociology  and  economics  in  the  Penn- 
sylvania College  for  Women,  Pittsburgh. 

During  the  last  month  the  following  special 
lectures  have  been  given : 
Oct.  13.  "Library    work    in    Philadelphia,"    by 
Miss  Emma  Robinson  Engle,  chief  of  Chil- 
dren's  department   of  the  Free  Library   of 
Philadelphia. 

Oct.  13.  "Work  with  the  blind,"  by  Dr.  Robert 
C.  Moon,  secretary  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Home  Teaching  Society,  Philadelphia. 
Oct.  14  and  15.  Three  lectures,  "What  makes 
library  work  a  success,"  "Experiences  of  an 
organizer"  and  "Points  of  contact,"  by  Miss 
Sarah  B.  Askew,  organizer  of  the  New  Jer- 
sey Public  Library  Commission,  Trenton, 
N.  J. 

Nov.  I.  "Pennsylvania's  free  public  library,"  by 
Miss  Anna  A.  MacDonald,  consulting  libra- 
rian of  the  Free  Library  Commission  of 
Pennsylvania. 

The  class  of  1915  has  organized  and  elected 
the  following  officers:  president,  Jessie  Gay 
Van  Cleve ;  vice-president,  Mary  Hughes ;  sec- 
retary and  treasurer,  Mary  Fuller. 

ALUMNAE    NOTES 

Mary  B.  Crunden,  1914,  has  been  appointed 
children's  librarian  in  the  St.  Louis  Public 
Library,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Mary  B.  Hunter,  1912,  has  been  appointed 
children's  librarian  in  the  University  branch  of 
the  Seattle  Public  Library. 

Louise  P.  Latirner,  1912,  is  now  in  England, 
en  route  for  South  Africa,  where  she  will 
spend  a  year. 

Mary  Alice  Forbes,  1908,  married  R.  G. 
MacDonald. 

Elizabeth  Nixon,  1913,  has  been  appointed 
children's  librarian  of  the  Pottsville  Public 
Library,  Pottsville,  Pa. 

Gladys  Blake  Spear,  1912,  married  Rufus 
William  Case. 


LIBRARY    SCHOOL    OF    CARNEGIE    LIBRARY, 
ATLANTA.  GA. 

The  ninth  session  of  the  Library  School, 
Carnegie  Library  of  Atlanta,  opened  Sept.  25. 
The  class  is  as  follows :  Miss  Grace  Angier, 
Atlanta;  Miss  Janet  Carter  Berkeley,  Staun- 
ton,  Va. ;  Miss  Katherine  Carnes,  Macon,  Ga. ; 
Miss  Eleanor  Neale  Jamison,  Salem,  Va. ;  Miss 
Margaret  Jemison,  Talladega,  Ala.;  Miss 
Annie  Jungermann,  Columbus,  Ga. ;  Miss  Rhea 
King,  Atlanta;  Miss  May  Singleton  Smith, 
Athens,  Ga. ;  Miss  Vera  Southwick,  Atlanta; 
Miss  Mattie  Lou  Worsham,  Forsyth,  Ga. 

WESTERN  RESERVE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL. 
NEWS    NOTES 

The  course  in  Library  administration  is  a 
composite  one,  given  weekly  by  Mr.  Brett, 
dean  of  the  school,  Miss  Eastman,  or  the  di- 
rector. The  class  is  appreciating  the  privilege 
of  hearing  Mr.  Brett  during  these  first  weeks 
of  the  school.  In  place  of  the  director's  sem- 
inar Oct.  15  the  class  attended  the  lecture  by 
Edward  Howard  Griggs  on  "Self  culture  and 
social  service  through  the  vocation,"  which 
was  full  of  helpful  and  inspiring  suggestions 
regarding  one's  profession. 

The  assignments  for  regular  gymnasium 
work  twice  each  week  have  been  provided  for 
in  the  students'  time  schedule.  Arrangements 
have  been  made  with  certain  university  pro- 
fessors for  their  cooperation  in  connection 
with  the  new  course  to  be  given  by  the  direc- 
tor on  "The  public  library  and  community 
welfare";  public  speaking,  parliamentary  pro- 
cedure, conduct  of  meetings  and  clubs  will  be 
included  in  this  course. 

Professor  Root,  of  Oberlin  College,  has  be- 
gun his  interesting  and  informing*  series  of 
lectures  to  the  school  on  the  "History  of  the 
printed  book." 

During  the  month  the  school  has  welcomed 
Miss  Mary  Pringle,  a  former  student,  now 
with  the  Minnesota  Library  Commission,  who 
talked  on  "Traveling  library  work,"  and  Kath- 
erine Ellis  Barrett,  librarian  of  the  Social 
Center  Library  of  Cornish,  N.  H.,  who  spoke 
in  a  most  entertaining  manner  of  her  work  in 
Cornish.  Mrs.  Barrett  is  known  as  the  author 
of  the  "Wideawake  Series"  of  books  for  girls. 

The  class  and  faculty  were  entertained  Oct. 
18  by  Mrs.  H.  N.  Rickey  with  "afternoon  tea" 
at  her  home  on  Shaker  Boulevard.  Mrs. 
Rickey  retains  her  interest  in  library  affairs 
ever  since  as  Miss  Virginia  Oder  she  was 
head  of  the  Reference  department  of  the  Cleve- 
land Public  Library.  Hallowe'en  was  cele- 
brated by  the  students  with  a  most  unique  and 
enjoyable  party  on  Nov.  I. 

ALUMNI   NOTES 

Eliza  E.  Townsend,  '05,  has  resigned  her 
position  as  superintendent  of  branch  work  and 
work  with  schools  in  the  Spokane  Public  Li- 
brary, to  become  supervising  librarian  of  state 
institutions  of  Iowa. 


December,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


697 


Igerna  A.  Hears,  '11,  assistant  in  the  Cir- 
culating department  of  the  Cleveland  Public 
Library,  has  been  promoted  to  the  librarianship 
of  the  Pilgrim  branch. 

Mrs.  Wilda  Strong  Peck,  '08,  has  been  ap- 
pointed assistant  in  library  science  at  Sim- 
mons College. 

ALICE   S.   TYLER,   Director. 

NEW   YORK   PUBLIC   LIBRARY— LIBRARY 
SCHOOL 

The  enrollment  for  the  year  can  now  be  re- 
corded definitely  as  74,  consisting  of  25  sen- 
iors, 43  juniors,  and  6  part  time  students.  It 
covers  the  following  states:  Alabama,  2;  Cal- 
ifornia, 3 ;  Connecticut,  4 ;  Florida,  i ;  Indiana, 
i;  Iowa,  4;  Massachusetts,  4;  Michigan,  6; 
Minnesota,  i ;  Missouri,  i ;  Nebraska,  i ;  New 
Jersey,  8;  New  York,  21;  Ohio,  3;  Oregon,  2; 
Pennsylvania,  5 ;  Rhode  Island,  2 ;  Virginia,  i ; 
Washington,  i ;  Wisconsin,  i.  Other  countries  : 
Canada,  i ;  Finland,  i.  The  colleges  and  uni- 
versities represented  are  as  follows:  Adelphi, 
Barnard,  Dartmouth,  New  Rochelle,  Oberlin, 
Simmons,  Smith,  Wellesley,  and  Boston,  Cor- 
nell, Johns  Hopkins,  Leland  Stanford,  Michi- 
gan, Nebraska,  Oregon,  Southern  California, 
Washington,  Western  Reserve,  Wisconsin  and 
Helsingfors.  The  libraries  represented  by 
actual  or  former  members  of  the  staff 
are  recorded  as  follows:  by  the  seniors, 
the  public  libraries  of  Cleveland,  De- 
troit, Queens  Borough  and  New  York, 
the  Jarvie  Memorial  Library  of  Bloom- 
field,  N.  J.,  the  White  Plains  High  School, 
Columbia  University,  Oberlin  College,  and  the 
Nebraska  Commission;  by  the  juniors:  the 
public  libraries  of  Braddock  (fa.),  Detroit, 
Erie  (Pa.),  Hartford,  New  Rochelle  (N.  Y.), 
Newark,  New  York,  Pottsville  (Pa.),  St. 
Louis,  St.  Paul. 

Since  the  last  report  the  following  lectures 
have  been  given: 
To  the  senior  classes: 

Dr.  A.  S.  Root  (Oberlin  College  Library), 
on  The  library  in  the  educational  scheme, 
and  Bibliographical  training  in  colleges. 
Mr.  Andrew  Keogh  (Yale  University  Li- 
brary), six  lectures  on  College  library  ad- 
ministration. 

Mr.  Freeman  F.  Burr  (Columbia  University 
Library),  on  the  Literature  of  biology,  and 
Literature  of  chemistry. 
Mr.  Frederick  W.  Jenkins  (New  York 
School  of  Philanthropy),  nine  lectures  on 
civic  questions. 

Mr.    Edwin    H.    Anderson    (director.    New- 
York  Public  Library),  six  lectures  on  Li- 
brary administration. 
Mr.    I.   F.   Lockwood    (bursar.    New   York 

Public  Library),   on  Library  finances. 
Mr.  J.  H.  Fedeler  (building  superintendent, 
New  York  Public  Library),  on  Building 
repairs,  lighting,  heating  and  ventilation. 
To  the  juniors: 

Mr.  H.   M.  Lydenberg   (reference  librarian, 


New  York  Public  Library),  on  the  Refer- 
ence department  and  Special  collections  of 
the  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Mr.  Herman  Rosenthal  (chief  of  Slavonic 
division,  N.  Y.  P.  L.),  on  the  Golden  age 
of  Russian  literature. 

Miss  Louise  Connolly  (Newark  Public  Li- 
brary), on  Psychology  applied  to  libra- 
rianship. 

Mr.  Claude  G.  Leland  (New  York  Board  of 
Education),  on  The  public  school  system 
of  New  York. 

Dr.  C.  C.  Williamson  (chief  of  Division  of 
economics,  N.  Y.  P.  L.),  on  the  Literature 
of  economics  and  the  Literature  of  so- 
ciology. 

Mr.    C.    H.   A.    Bjerregaard    (in   charge   of 
main  reading  room,  N.  Y.  P.  L.),  on  the 
Literature  of  philosophy. 
Mr.  Benjamin  Adams   (chief  of  Circulation 
department,  N.  Y.  P.  L.),  on  the  Circula- 
tion department  of  the  N.  Y.  P.  L. 
Mr.  Frederick  W.   Jenkins    (librarian   New 
York  School  of  Philanthropy),  on  the  Li- 
brary as  a  civic  factor. 

Mr.  H.  H.  B.  Meyer  (chief  of  Division  of 
bibliography,  Library  of  Congress),  on  Re- 
cent undertakings  of  the  Division  of  bib- 
liography. 

M.    Paul   Otlet    (Brussels   Institute   of  Bib- 
liography), on  The  Brussels  classification. 
The    seniors    in    the    Advanced    reference 
course  are  now  engaged  on  problems  in  the 
Division   of   economics.     These  and   the   stu- 
dents in  the  School  and  college  library  course 
have  selected  the  following  subjects   for  bib- 
liographies : 
Miss  Christopher.  Autobiographies  illustrating 

periods  of  English  history. 
Miss  Claflin,  History  of  political  parties  in  the 

U.  S. 

Miss   Clizbee,  Check  list  of  American   news- 
papers up  to  1800. 

Miss  Davis,  Domestic  service  problem. 
Miss  Grimm,  Translations  of  Italian,  Spanish, 

French  and  German  novelists. 
Miss   Haseltine,   Pan-Americanism. 
Miss  Hardy,  Male  suffrage,  1789-1850. 
Miss  Hitt,  Oil  as  a  fuel. 
Miss  Hoyt,  Public  baths. 

Miss  Jameson,  Decorative  art,  classified  by  pe- 
riods. 
Miss    Pritchard,    Library    instruction   in    high 

schools  and  normal  schools. 
Miss  Weidinger,  Heraldry,  general  and  local. 
The  seniors  entertained  the  faculty  and  the 
juniors  at  a  Hallowe'en  party  the  evening  of 
Oct.  31,  the  first  student  function  of  the  year. 
The  invitation  and  its  acceptance  were  metri- 
cal in  form  and  quite  reassuring  as  to  the  pos- 
session of  the  "divine  gift"  to  a  certain  degree 
by  some  of  the  student  body.  The  director 
and  Mrs.  Anderson  were  among  the  guests. 
The  affair  wound  up  with  a  Virginia  reel  to 
the  strains  of  a  Victrola. 

Positions  taken  since  the  last  record: 


698 


THE   LIBRARY   JOURNAL 


[December,  1913'. 


Herbert  C.  Collar  (junior,  1913),  cataloger, 
Grosvenor  Library,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Katharine  F.  Isham  (junior,  1913),  assistant, 
American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers. 

Tula  Latzke  (junior,  1913),  assistant  News- 
paper room,  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

Clara  L.  Murray  (junior,  1913).  cataloger, 
State  Library  of  California. 

Dorothy  Goodrich  (junior,  1913),  assistant, 
Ferguson  Library,  Stamford,  Conn. 

Gertrude  Olmsted  (1913),  cataloger,  N.  Y. 
P.  L.,  Circulation  department. 

Mrs.  E.  H.  Bowen  (junior,  1912),  branch  li- 
brarian, North  branch,  Passaic  Public  Li- 
brary. 

MARY  W.  PLUM  HER,  Principal. 

IRevfews 


GREEN,  Samuel  Swett.  The  public  library 
movement  in  the  United  States,  1853-1893. 
From  1876,  reminiscences  of  the  writer.  Bos- 
ton :  The  Boston  Book  Co.,  1913.  c.  8+336  p. 
por.8°. 

In  this  substantial  volume  one  of  the  best 
known  and  most  honored  of  American  libra- 
rians gives  a  summary  of  forty  years  of  li- 
brary progress,  covering  in  Chapter  I  the  first 
convention  of  librarians  in  1853,  and  in  the 
succeeding  chapters  what  he  calls  character- 
istically "the  accelerated  library  movement," 
which  began  in  1876.  The  first  chapter  in 
its  ten  pages  brings  together  from  the  records 
of  the  period  a  comprehensive  and  valuable 
statement  of  the  membership,  proceedings  and 
purposes  of  the  early  convention,  hitherto 
not  easily  accessible,  for  which  service  in 
itself  Mr.  Green  deserves  the  thanks  of  the 
profession.  Professor  Jewett,  then  head  of 
the  Smithsonian  Institution,  was  the  leading 
spirit  and  the  presiding  officer  of  that  con- 
vention, Reuben  A.  Guild  its  secretary,  and 
among  the  eighty-two  present  were  Daniel  C. 
Gilman,  Henry  Barnard,  Edward  Everett 
Hale,  Lloyd  P.  Smith,  and  W.  F.  Pooie— but 
not  a  woman.  The  resolutions,  it  will  be 
noted,  prophesied  many  of  the  later  achieve- 
ments in  library  progress,  especially  the  more 
adequate  development  of  a  national  library, 
and  it  was  fully  intended  to  make  the  con- 
vention an  annual  occasion.  Mr.  Green  gives 
the  reasons  why  this  endeavor  was  not  ful- 
filled, and  passes  then  to  the  circumstances  of 
the  start  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  and  forma- 
tion of  the  American  Library  Association, 
through  the  conference  of  1876.  He  has 
sought  to  give  an  impartial  account  of  those 
early  events,  in  most  of  which  he  himself 
participated,  and  although  he  treats  the  de- 
velopments of  the  association  in  personal  per- 
spective, he  has  been  most  generous  in  his 
appreciation  of  all  his  associates  throughout 
the  period  with  which  he  deals.  Two  chap- 
ters are  given  to  special  sketches  and  appre- 


ciations of  Winsor,  Poole,  Smith  and  Cutter,, 
as  the  elder  leaders  in  the  "accelerated  library 
movement,"  though  full  recognition  is  given 
to  Mr.  Dewey's  energy  and  vigor  as  the  lead- 
ing spirit.  Each  of  the  conferences  succeed- 
ing 1876  is  described  in  detail,  including  the 
international  conference  at  London  in  1877 
and  the  transatlantic  journey,  largely  with  the 
zest  of  personal  reminiscence.  This  part  of 
the  record  is  not  continued  further  than  the 
Chicago  conference  of  1893,  although  Mr.. 
Green  has  taken  an  active  part  in  most  suc- 
ceeding conferences.  The  last  chapter  the 
author  gives  specifically  to  the  part  taken 
by  himself  in  the  library  movement,  pre- 
senting with  evident  candor  and  some- 
what apologetically  his  early  doubts  as 
to  open  shelves,  but  setting  forth  not  unfairly 
his  large  personal  share  in  work  with  schools 
and  in  close  relations  with  the  public,  the  two-- 
features of  library  progress  in  which  Mr. 
Green  has  been  a  pioneer  and  notable  factor. 
The  volume  reflects  throughout  the  personal- 
ity of  the  author,  and  is  written  in  a  discursive 
though  never  careless  manner.  It  should  be 
read  by  all  the  younger  folk  coming  into  the 
library  calling  a  full  generation  later  than 
those  who  pioneered  the  present  movement, 
among  whom  Mr.  Green  will  always  be  hap- 
pily remembered.  The  volume  has  an  excel- 
lent portrait  of  the  author  and  an  index  pre- 
pared by  and  pleasantly  credited  to  Miss 
Grace  H.  Moore. 

R.  R.  B. 

perioMcal  ant>  otber  literature 

AMERICAN 

Public  Libraries,  October,  contains  "The 
man  in  the  yards,"  by  Charles  E.  Rush,  and 
a  general  report  of  the  A.  L.  A.  conference 
at  Kaaterskill. 

Special  Libraries,  September-October,  prints 
"The  library  a  necessity  of  modern  business," 
by  N.  C.  Kingsbury,  vice  president  of  the 
American  Telegraph  and  Telephone  Company, 
and  "The  clipping  bureau  and  the  library,"  by 
Robert  Luce,  president  of  the  Luce  Clipping 
Bureau. 

STEINER,  Dr.  Bernard  C,  librarian,  gives  a 
very  interesting  and  detailed  paper  on  the 
Enoch  Pratt  Libraries  of  Baltimore,  their 
origin,  aims  and  achievements,  in  the  issue 
for  Sept.  26  of  The  Municipal  Journal,  of 
Baltimore. 

THE  Sept.  26th  issue  of  The  Columbia 
Spectator,  the  daily  paper  issued  by  the  stu- 
dent body,  was  made  a  library  number.  In 
it  the  special  libraries  of  the  different  depart- 
ments and  schools  are  described  at  length. 
The  scope  of  each  is  defined,  and  their  exact 
locations  in  the  different  buildings  of  the  uni- 
versity are  described.  In  addition  the  general 


December,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


699 


catalog  and  the  reading  and  periodical  rooms 
of  the  main  library  are  described,  and  the 
rules  governing  their  use  are  briefly  set  forth. 

AMONG  legitimate  means  that  may  be  em- 
ployed to  attract  the  people  to  the  public 
library  the  Library  Occurrent  lists  the  fol- 
lowing : 

1.  An  attractive  building. 

2.  Plenty  of  light,  particularly  a  bright  light 
outside  in  the  evening. 

3.  A  sign  on  the  door  giving  library  hours. 

4.  Lecture  courses  in  the  assembly  room. 

5.  Club  meetings  in  the  library. 

6.  Circulation  of  pictures  and  music  rolls. 

7.  Special  rooms  for  men,  for  teachers,  etc. 

8.  Urging  use  of  telephone. 

9.  Picture  bulletins. 

10.  Story  hour. 

11.  Liberal  rules,  special  vacation  privileges, 
etc. 

12.  Window  displays. 

13.  Cooperation  with  moving  picture  shows. 

14.  A  new  book  shelf. 

15.  Library  sermons. 

ENGLISH 

The  Library  World,  September,  has  ar- 
ticles on  "Wild  flower  exhibitions  in  libra- 
ries," by  William  Law;  "Some  great  printers 
and  their  work:  the  Elzevirs,"  and  a  report 
of  the  conference  at  Bournemouth. 

The  Library  Association  Record,  Septem- 
ber, contains  "Some  literary  associations  of 
Bournemouth  and  neighborhood,"  by  Charles 
H.  Mate;  "The  out-of-date  book,"  by  Lock- 
wood  Huntly.  In  the  October  issue  is  "The 
debt  of  men  of  letters  to  libraries,"  by 
Charles  F.  Newcpmbe. 

The  Librarian,  September,  has  the  first  part 
of  a  paper  on  "Duplicating  processes,"  adapt- 
ed from  an  article  by  H.  S.  McCormack  in 
the  Scientific  American.  Also  brief  articles 
on  "The  art  of  cataloging"  and  "Library 
bindings."  The  November  number  contains 
"Cataloging  codes,"  by  Maurice  H.  B.  Mash. 

FOREIGN 

Het  Boek,  October,  has  a  long  illustrated 
article  on  "Old  Dutch  nautical  publications: 
the  charts  of  Cornelius  Anthonisz.,"  by  Dr. 
C.  P.  Burger,  Jr. ;  also  a  report  of  the  Inter- 
national Exposition  of  the  Graphic  Arts,  held 
in  Amsterdam  from  July  to  September,  by 
J.  W.  Enschede. 

Maandblad  voor  Bibliotheekwcsen,  Septem- 
ber, has  a  description  of  the  new  public  read- 
ing rooms  in  the  library  at  Naarden-Bussurn. 

La  Coltura  Popolarc,  September,  publishes 
an  article  on  "The  public  library  and  other 
means  of  general  culture  in  Russia,"  by  Na- 
dina  Brullow-Schaskolsky. 

For  Folke-og  Barneboksamlingcr,  vol.  7,  no. 
2,  includes  "What  shall  the  laborer  read?" 
by  A.  Paulson,  a  draft  of  laws  for  a  Norwe- 


gian library  association,  "On  what  to  read 
and  how,"  by  Edv.  Lehmann,  and  Norwe- 
gian library  statistics  for  1912.  The  July- 
September  issue  (no.  3)  contains  "Sketch  of 
a  pioneer  of  popular  education"  (S.  K.  Aar- 
flot),  by  J.  Ansteensen;  "The  Public  Library 
of  Larpsborg,"  by  K.  F. ;  "Books  dealing  with 
emigration,"  by  K.  Birch-Reichenwald,  and  the 
usual  news  from  the  library  field. 

IRotes  and  *Wews 

THE  State  Normal  College  of  Mississippi 
has  received  promise  of  a  library  from  the  Car- 
negie fund,  provided  the  state  will  furnish  a 
part  of  the  money  required  for  the  building. 

AN  ordinance  adapting  the  state  law  pen- 
sioning library  employes  after  twenty  years 
of  continuous  service  was  introduced  at  a  re- 
cent meeting  of  the  Omaha  (Neb.)  City 
Commission. 

THE  New  York  Public  Library  has  issued  a 
pamphlet  containing  the  addresses  delivered 
at  the  Memorial  meeting  in  honor  of  the  late 
Dr.  John  Shaw  Billings. 

SPECIAL  libraries  for  the  blind  are  main- 
tained in  Vienna  and  Leipzig.  The  library 
of  the  former  city  contains  7000  volumes,  that 
of  Leipzig  somewhat  less  than  half  this 
number. 

A  BIBLIOGRAPHY  of  books,  articles,  etc.,  re- 
lating to  book  binding  in  America  is  in  prep- 
aration by  Wharton  Miller,  supervisor  of  the 
binding  department  in  Columbia  University 
Library.  The  bibliography  aims  to  be  espe- 
cially useful  to  library  binderies. 

THE  collection  of  books  and  manuscripts 
from  the  library  of  J.  P.  Morgan  that  were 
exhibited  in  the  Avery  Library  at  Columbia 
University  during  October  and  November  was 
visited  by  over  22,000  people. 

THE  libraries  of  the  several  departments  of 
the  University  of  Maryland  are  all  to  be 
brought  together  in  Davidge  Hall  and  be 
placed  under  the  direction  of  Samuel  Want,  an 
instructor  in  the  Law  department  of  the  uni- 
versity. The  consolidated  library  will  contain 
over  25,000  volumes. 

THE  Alabama  Sunday  School  Association, 
which  has  its  headquarters  in  Montgomery, 
in  May  of  this  year  established  a  "State  Li- 
brary" of  the  best  books  on  modern  Sunday- 
school  work.  Sixty  volumes  (not  counting 
duplicates)  were  selected,  and  a  report  made 
in  October  states  that  most  of  the  books  are 
in  constant  circulation."  Others  will  be  added 
from  time  to  time.  Any  book  in  this  library 
is  at  the  service  of  any  Sunday-school  worker 
of  any  denomination  in  any  county  of  Ala- 
bama. There  is  no  charge  for  the  use  of 
these  books. 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  1913 


THE  value  of  the  trade  catalogs  of  the  large 
business  houses  is  rapidly  being  recognized 
by  public  libraries,  and  many  libraries  now 
have  them  cataloged  and  on  file  in  their  tech- 
nology divisions.  The  Globe-Wernicke  Co., 
of  Cincinnati,  makers  of  sectional  bookcases 
and  filing  cabinets,  who  issue  handsome  trade 
catalogs  and  also  a  monthly  house  organ, 
Doings,  state  that  they  will  be  glad  to  put 
on  their  mailing  list  as  many  libraries  as  care 
to  receive  these  publications. 

FREE  lectures  in  public  library  assembly 
halls  during  the  coming  winter  are  being  ar- 
ranged by  the  Indiana  Public  Library  Com- 
mission. The  commission  is  sending  letters 
to  librarians  all  over  the  state  recommending 
lectures  of  this  kind,  and  the  letter  contains  a 
list  of  lecturers  that  may  be  obtained  by  the 
libraries  for  this  purpose.  All  the  lecturers 
are  persons  of  importance  in  the  state,  and  the 
variety  of  subjects  which  they  cover  is  large. 
The  only  expense  to  any  library  for  any  of 
these  lectures  is  the  hotel  and  traveling  ex- 
pense of  the  speakers. 

THE  first  bulletin  issued  by  the  Association 
of  Collegiate  Alumnae  contains  a  classified 
list  of  institutions  training  educated  women 
for  occupations  other  than  teaching.  Under 
the  heading,  "Library  training"  are  given  in 
tabulated  form  for  ready  reference  and  com- 
parison the  names  of  the  leading  library 
schools  of  the  country,  a  summary  of  courses 
given,  admission  requirements,  length  of 
course,  degrees  (if  any)  conferred,  tuition, 
summer  and  evening  courses,  the  proper  per- 
son to  address  for  information,  and  the  occu- 
pation for  which  the  training  prepares. 

FIGURES  supplied  by  the  Workmen's  Educa- 
tional Institute  of  Leipzig  furnish  a  fair  esti- 
mate of  the  immense  growth  of  the  reading 
public  of  Germany.  In  1893  only  572  persons 
took  out  cards  entitling  them  to  the  privi- 
leges of  the  library.  In  1912  the  card  register 
included  16,015  persons  using  the  library  with 
more  or  less  frequency.  The  books  loaned  in 
1893  numbered  only  1922,  while  in  1912  the 
circulation  was  197,862.  This  figure  will  be 
far  surpassed  in  1913,  for  in  the  first  six 
months  of  the  year  119,209  books  were  taken 
out.  Adding  the  figures  from  the  beginning 
of  1897  to  June,  1913,  a  total  of  1,080,969 
books  loaned  is  obtained. 

THE  British  Patent  Office  issues  from  time 
to  time  a  "Guide  to  the  Search  Department 
of  the  Patent  Office  Library,"  of  which  the 
fourth  edition  has  just  been  received.  The 
handbook  indicates  in  what  publications,  and 
for  what  periods  application  for,  and  grants 
of  patents,  and  registrations  of  trade  marks 
and  designs  are  recorded,  the  methods  of 
t|ie  classification  of  such  material,  together 
with  other  administrative  matters.  The  in- 
formation collected  has  been  arranged  under 
the  names  of  countries,  and  the  whole  forms 


a  very  useful  compendium  of  information  to 
the  patents  worker — not  merely  in  English, 
but  to  a  certain  extent  in  any  library  having 
collections  of  patent  office  reports. 

THE  library  as  an  asset  in  commercial  ad- 
vertising is  something  of  an  innovation.  A 
Grand  Rapids  (Mich.)  department  store  has 
been  running  a  quarter-page  "ad"  in  the  prin- 
cipal papers  there  which  makes  novel  use  of 
library  practice,  and  ought  to  give  any  libra- 
rian a  little  feeling  of  pride.  The  advertise- 
ment is  headed  by  a  cut  of  the  main  library 
building  in  Grand  Rapids.  The  advertise- 
ment proper  begins :  "Witness  the  new  idea 
of  serace,  usefulness,  of  anticipation  of  the 
public's  wishes  that  is  typified  in  the  Grand 
Rapids  Library  with  its  38  branches.  For- 
merly a  place  to  borrow  a  single  book,  now 
it  places  several  in  your  hands,  it  arranges 
art  exhibits,  interesting  lectures,  plans  vaca- 
tions, helps  choose  colleges,  tells  stories  to 
children,  writes  the  city's  history  and  finds 
out  nearly  anything  one  wants  to  know." 
Then  the  advertiser  descants  upon  the  way  he 
has  adapted  the  library  policy  and  ideal  of 
increasing  usefulness  to  his  own  business,  and 
the  results  effected. 

AN  exhibition  of  American  and  foreign  city 
planning  was  opened  at  the  main  building  of 
the  New  York  Public  Library  on  Nov.  24  and 
will  continue  until  Dec.  6.  The  exhibition  is 
under  the  direction  of  the  advisory  commis- 
sion appointed  jointly  by  the  Board  of  Esti- 
mate and  Apportionment  of  the  City  of  New 
York  and  the  Merchants'  Association  of  New 
York.  Collection  of  the  material  is  in  charge 
of  the  American  City  Bureau  of  New  York. 
The  object  is  to  show  to  representative  people 
of  the  cities  of  the  United  States  the  import- 
ance of  a  proper  control  of  their  own  destiny 
in  so  far  as  it  may  be  affected  by  a  compre- 
hensive city  plan.  Photographs,  drawings, 
charts  and  other  material  are  exhibited  by 
which  work  done  in  American  and  foreign 
cities  in  promoting  the  convenience,  prosperity 
and  health  of  their  citizens  can  be  compared. 
Work  done  in  the  matter  of  planning  street, 
boulevards,  transportation  systems,  river  and 
harbor  improvements,  parks  and  playgrounds, 
housing  reform,  markets  and  food  supply,  sew- 
age and  garbage  disposal,  factories  and  indus- 
trial buildings,  etc.,  is  shown.  After  ex- 
hibition in  New  York  the  material  will  form  a 
traveling  exhibition  to  be  sent  on  a  tour  of 
cities  under  the  direction  of  the  American  City 
Bureau. 

Ansonia,  Ct.  It  seems  probable  that  action 
will  soon  be  taken  to  establish  a  branch  of 
the  public  library  on  the  west  side  of  the  city. 
According  to  the  report  of  the  librarian.  Miss 
Ruth  Steele,  there  has  been  an  unusual  falling 
off  in  the  patronage  at  the  library  during  the 
past  year.  While  no  direct  reference  is  made 
in  the  report  to  the  location  of  the  library  as 
the  cause  of  the  falling  off  in  circulation,  it 


December,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


701 


is  the  opinion  of  many  that  its  location  on 
"the  hill,"  to  which  approach  from  the  west 
is  particularly  difficult,  is  the  chief  cause  for 
the  institution  not  being  more  popular.  Be- 
cause of  the  long  climb  many  who  are  most 
anxious  to  share  in  the  advantages  the  library 
offers  find  it  almost  impossible  to  go  there. 

Belleville,  Mo.  The  city  council  has  passed 
an  ordinance  providing  an  annual  appropria- 
tion of  $4500  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
Public  Library.  The  ordinance  is  passed  in 
compliance  with  a  demand  of  the  Carnegie 
Corporation  of  Pittsburgh,  with  a  view  to 
securing  a  $45,000  public  library  building  for 
Belleville.  The  corporation  has  offered  to 
erect  a  magnificent  library  building  if  the 
site  is  furnished  and  an  annual  appropria- 
tion of  $4500  made  for  maintenance  of  the 
institution.  Belleville  is  anxious  to  take  ad- 
vantage of  the  liberal  offer,  and  sites  are  now 
being  secured  and  will  be  tendered  the  com- 
mittee. 

Belmar,  N.  J.  It  is  announced  that  two 
lots  on  Tenth  avenue  have  been  bought  as  a 
site  for  a  public  library.  The  library  will 
cost  $10,000.  Andrew  Carnegie  is  one  of  the 
donors. 

Boston,  Mass.  Arrangements  have  been 
made  by  which  the  technical  library  and  read- 
ing room  at  the  Franklin  Union  will  hereafter 
be  open  to  the  public  as  well  as  to  students  of 
the  school.  The  room  has  the  finest  appoint- 
ments of  stacks  and  lighting,  and  is  located  on 
the  first  floor  of  the  building  on  Berkeley 
street.  It  is  being  supplied  with  the  latest 
technical  books  and  periodicals.  James  C. 
McDonald,  a  graduate  of  Boston  University, 
is  to  act  as  librarian.  The  room  will  be  open 
week  day  afternoons  and  evenings  except  Sat- 
urday. 

Bridgeport,  Conn.  The  directors  of  the  Pub- 
lic Library  have  received  permission  from 
the  legislature  to  dispose  of  the  present 
library  property  at  the  corner  of  Main  and 
John  streets,  and  the  right  to  make  this  change 
has  been  upheld  by  a  friendly  test  case  in  the 
courts.  This  is  a  hopeful  sign  for  an  im- 
provement in  library  conditions.  The  present 
site  of  the  library  is  not  roomy  enough;  the 
library  proper  is  severely  handicapped  by  the 
fact  that  it  is  not  on  the  ground  floor,  has  no 
room  available  for  lecture  or  exhibition  pur- 
poses, and  is  far  more  valuable  as  a  business 
property  than  as  a  library  site. 

Brooklyn,  Ct.  The  Brooklyn  Library  has 
bought  the  bank  building  from  the  Brooklyn 
Savings  Bank. 

Canton,  S.  D.  The  new  public  library  was 
opened  to  the  public  by  a  "book  shower," 
held  at  the  new  building.  Over  600  volumes 
were  thus  added  to  the  shelves  of  the  library. 
There  was  also  quite  a  sum  of  money  do- 
nated. Mrs.  O.  S.  Gifford  will  be  in  charge 
of  the  library. 


Cleveland,  O.  Announcement  that  a  dental 
library,  open  to  the  use  of  the  general  public, 
has  been  established  in  this  city  was  made  at 
the  monthly  banquet  of  the  Cleveland  Dental 
Society  on  Nov.  3.  The  library  includes  400 
volumes.  Those  in  charge  expect  to  increase 
this  number  to  2000  in  a  few  months.  The 
entire  literature  of  dentistry  includes  only 
about  7000  volumes.  The  dental  library  has 
been  made  a  part  of  the  scientific  department 
of  the  public  library,  Kinney  &  Levan  build- 
ing, Euclid  avenue,  near  East  I4th  street. 

Dayton,  O.  The  Public  Library,  on  its  open- 
ing Nov.  i,  presented  as  favorable  an  appear- 
ance as  before  any  damage  was  done.  Though 
46,010  volumes  were  destroyed  in  the  flood, 
the  library  now  contains  56,557  volumes.  Be- 
fore March  24  the  library  contained  over  94,- 
ooo  volumes,  and  it  is  hoped  by  the  beginning 
of  the  year  1914  that  over  a  hundred  thousand 
volumes  will  be  on  hand.  Rehabilitation  work 
has  been  proceeding  rapidly  since  April  and 
now  Miss  Doren,  librarian,  and  her  corps  of 
assistants  feel  that  they  have  the  work  well 
in  hand.  While  of  course,  many  books  were 
lost  that  have  not  been  replaced  the  library 
is  now  in  condition  to  serve  the  people  of 
Dayton  to  good  advantage.  One  of  the  most 
flattering  indications  of  the  good  of  the  li- 
brary and  a  fact  that  emphasizes  its  need  in 
upkeep,  is  that  already  before  the  work  of 
rehabilitation  has  been  completed,  there  are 
more  applications  for  cards  than  the  Dayton 
library  has  ever  before  known.  It  is  expected 
that  the  east  branch  will  be  ready  for  use 
about  Nov.  30.  Lights  are  being  installed  at 
the  west  branch  and  it  is  thought  that  may 
be  ready  for  use  some  time  in  December, 
probably  by  the  middle  of  the  month  if  all 
goes  well.  The  east  library  will  replace  the 
branch  that  has  been  in  existence  at  Henry 
street,  while  the  west  library  under  way  will 
be  the  first  library  service  for  that  section  of 
the  city.  There  will  be  no  museums  at  the 
branches,  and  those  holdings  cards  at  the 
main  library  will  not  be  given  cards  at  branch 
libraries. 

Detroit,  Mich.  To  the  ground  holdings  for 
the  new  central  site  the  library  commission 
has  just  added  the  Frost  and  Farr  properties, 
which  give  130  feet  more  frontage  on  Cass 
avenue  and  80  feet  on  Putnam.  With  the 
contemplated  purchase  of  the  William  H. 
Murphy  property  at  Putnam  and  Woodward 
avenues,  the  solid  square  of  holdings  on 
Woodward,  between  Kirby  and  Putnam  ave- 
nues and  extending  back  to  Cass,  will  be 
completed. 

Downing  town,  Pa.  Work  has  begun  on  the 
Thomas  property,  recently  purchased  by  the 
Downingtown  Public  Library  Company.  Nec- 
essary repairs  will  go  on  until  the  building  is 
in  first  class  condition. 

Dubuque,  la.  A  branch  station  of  the  Pub- 
lic Library  has  been  opened  at  the  Lincoln 


7O2 


THE   LIBRARY   JOURNAL 


[December,  1913 


school,  with  Miss  Dennis,  of  the  staff  of  the 
Public  Library,  in  charge. 

East  Utica,  N.  Y.  The  new  building  of  the 
East  Utica  Library,  the  gift  of  Frederick  T. 
Proctor  to  the  city,  was  thrown  open  to  the 
public  Nov.  ii.  The  exterior  is  of  stucco, 
and  the  interior  woodwork  is  stained  a  dark 
shade.  The  artificial  lighting  is  by  the  in- 
verted system.  A  furnace  supplies  warm  air. 
F.  H.  Gouge  was  the  architect  and  R.  Rich- 
ards Sons'  Company  were  the  general  con- 
tractors. The  library  starts  with  about  4000 
volumes,  including  a  collection  of  works  in 
Italian.  The  collection  of  books  will  be  in- 
creased and  changed  as  the  needs  of  the  pa- 
trons may  warrant.  It  has  been  decided  to 
admit  children  from  3  to  6  p.  m.,  but  to  ex- 
clude them  from  6  to  9,  so  that  adults  may 
have  the  library  to  themselves  evenings.  Miss 
Mary  E.  Ehle  will  be  the  librarian  in  charge. 

Gaffney,  S.  C.  A  site  has  been  purchased 
on  Limestone  street  for  the  new  library.  The 
building  will  be  a  gift  from  Andrew  Carnegie, 
and  it  is  expected  that  work  will  be  started 
on  it  at  once. 

Hopedale,  Mass.  Mrs.  Howard  W.  Bracken 
has  given  to  the  Bancroft  Memorial  Library 
$1000,  to  be  known  as  the  Sarah  M.  Whipple 
Fund.  The  interest  is  to  be  expended  yearly 
for  children's  books. 

Houston,  Tex.  Ground  has  been  broken  for 
the  new  Carnegie  Library,  and  the  work  of 
construction  will  begin  at  once. 

Huntington  Beach,  Col.  Work  has  begun 
on  the  $10,000  Carnegie  Library. 

Jackson,  Miss.  Ground  is  being  broken  and 
grading  done  for  the  Jackson  Public  Library 
building,  the  gift  of  Andrew  Carnegie,  and 
actual  construction  will  shortly  be  under  way. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.  The  new  department  of 
foreign  trade,  established  by  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  will  maintain  a  reference  library 
in  which  every  conceivable  form  of  data  con- 
cerning import  and  export  trade  will  be  on 
hand.  Trade  journals  and  consular  reports 
will  be  Checked  up  continuously  in  pursuit  of 
authentic  information  concerning  trade  condi- 
tions and  movements  all  over  the  world,  and 
the  information  thus  gained  will  be  filed  sys- 
tematically for  the  use  of  those  desiring  to 
avail  themselves  of  the  facts  and  figures 
gathered. 

THE  Los  Angeles  Library  recently  held  a 
unique  exhibit  to  increase  interest  in  child 
welfare  and  in  the  juvenile  department  of  the 
library.  Over  a  thousand  photographs  of 
babies  and  young  children,  of  all  conditions, 
were  arranged  on  the  walls  of  the  children's 
department,  and  a  collection  of  the  best  chil- 
dren's books,  chosen  for  their  beautiful  illus- 
trations as  well  as  for  their  subject  matter, 
were  displayed  at  the  same  time. 

Milton,  Pa.  The  Free  Library  was  opened 
early  in  November  with  over  800  volumes. 


Montclair,  N.  J.3  is  to  have  a  new  library- 
costing  $25,000,  the  money  being  provided  by 
Andrew  Carnegie. 

Nayesink,  N.  J.  At  a  general  meeting 
held  in  the  town  hall  Oct.  3  it  was  proposed 
to  organize  a  Navesink  Library  Association 
on  a  paying  membership  basis.  The  current 
magazines  and  periodicals  will  be  kept  on 
hand,  and  a  room  suitable  ,for  lectures  will 
be  provided. 

New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  The  publication  of 
a  quarterly  bulletin  has  just  been  inaugurated 
by  the  Public  Library.  The  bulletin  is  for 
free  distribution,  and  besides  lists  of  recent 
accessions  will  include  a  reading  list  on  some 
special  topic. 

New  York  City.  For  the  next  few  months 
the  print  gallery  in  the  main  building  of  the 
Public  Library  will  be  occupied  by  an  exhibition 
illustrating  the  making  of  an  etching.  The 
visitor  is  taken  through  the  entire  process, 
beginning  with  copper  plates  bare,  grounded 
and  smoked,  through  the  matter  of  produc- 
tion by  means  of  etching-needle,  burin,  rou- 
lette, aquatint  and  other  aids,  the  acid  bath, 
the  work  of  the  printer,  to  the  finished  pro- 
duct, the  print  itself.  Even  some  pictures  of 
print  lovers  and  print  shops  are  shown,  and  a 
selection  of  etchings  by  the  masters  of  the  art 
are  exhibited.  Wherever  possible  the  actual 
objects  are  shown:  plates,  tools,  proofs,  coun- 
ter proof,  early  and  late  impressions  from 
the  same  plate,  prints  illustrating  changes 
made  on  the  plate,  prints  on  various  kinds  of 
paper  and  on  satin.  Processes  are  illustrated 
pictorially.  To  name  a  few  instances:  Buhot 
is  shown  smoking  a  plate,  Rembrandt  appears 
etching,  Neureuther  shows  the  imps  of  the 
acid  attacking  the  artist's  handiwork,  and 
Whistler  is  seen  at  the  press. 

Newark,  N.  /.  An  exhibit  room  solely  for 
children,  which  is  to  cost  $1200  for  equip- 
ment alone,  will  soon  be  established  in  the 
Free  Public  Library.  The  room  will  contain 
an  aquarium  and  exhibits  showing  birds  in 
their  native  haunts,  besides  phases  of  Indian 
habitation  and  growing  plants. 

Newt  own,  Pa.  At  the  I53d  annual  meeting 
of  the  Newtown  Library  Company,  T.  S. 
Kenderdine  was  elected  president,  Miss  W. 
H.  Barnsley,  secretary,  and  Mrs.  F.  J.  Linton, 
treasurer.  The  debt  of  the  library  was  re- 
duced to  $500  during  the  year.  The  New- 
town  Library  was  founded  in  1760,  and  in- 
corporated in  1789.  Two  years  ago  a  hand- 
some new  home  was  built  for  the  institution, 
the  gift  of  Joseph  Barnsley,  deceased,  and  to 
this  was  added  a  commodious  free  reading 
room. 

Owosso,  Mich.  The  cornerstone  _of  the 
new  $25,000  Carnegie  library  in  this  city  was 
laid  Oct.  28  by  the  Michigan  Grand  Lodge  of 
Masons  with  appropriate  ceremonies.  The 
trowel  used  was  the  same  with  which  the 
cornerstone  of  the  state  capitol  was  laid  in 
1873- 


-December,  1913] 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


703 


Riverside,  Cal.  The  Riverside  Public  Li- 
brary conducted  a  summer  school  for  six 
weeks  ending  Aug.  23,  for  which  five  specialists 
were  hired  to  teach  their  subjects  and  several 
other  special  lectures  were  given.  The  course 
-covered  the  following  twelve  items:  business 
.methods  and  administration,  book  selection  and 
supervision,  reference  service,  classification, 
cataloging,  documents,  young  people  and 
schools,  library  documents,  story-telling,  pe- 
riodicals and  serials,  book  binding,  and  library 
law  and  county  system.  The  library  is  now 
considering  a  repetition  of  this  work  for 
those  who  have  had  some  library  experience, 
and  the  employment  of  teachers  from  library 
schools  in  the  east  and  from  libraries  in  Cal- 
ifornia. A  registration  fee  of  $25  will  cover 
•all  the  books  and  similar  equipment  needed 
in  the  work. 

Rochester,  N.  Y.  On  Oct.  I  the  new  Genesee 
branch  of  the  public  library  was  opened, 
and  the  first  month's  report  shows  that  1231 
members  were  enrolled.  City  Librarian  Wil- 
liam F.  Yust  now  recommends  that  steps  be 
taken  toward  the  establishment  of  another 
branch  library,  the  necessary  work  to  be  com- 
pleted within  the  next  three  months,  that  the 
branch  may  be  opened  early  next  year. 

Rye,  N.  Y.  The  new  public  library  was 
opened  to  the  public  Saturday,  Nov.  I. 

South  Coventry,  Conn.  Formal  dedication 
of  the  Booth-Dimock  Memorial  Library  took 
place  Oct.  24.  The  building  is  of  tapestry 
brick  with  granite  trimmings,  has  an  assembly 
room  seating  200,  and  room  for  12,000  volumes 
in  its  stacks. 

South  Manchester,  Ct.  The  public  library 
was  destroyed  by  fire  on  Oct.  23.  Miss  Carrie 
Eldridge,  who  owns  a  large  house  on  Main 
street,  has  offered  to  lease  her  home  for  li- 
brary purposes  and  the  matter  is  being  con- 
sidered. 

Waits-field,  Vt.  The  Joslyn  Memorial  Li- 
brary, gift  of  George  A.  Joslyn,  of  Omaha, 
Neb.,  was  dedicated  Oct.  29.  It  is  a  $25,000 
structure  of  pressed  brick,  with  stone  finish, 
^and  besides  the  library  will  contain  the  post 
office  and  a  public  hall  seating  300  people. 

Warren,  N.  H.  The  Joseph  Patch  Public 
library  was  dedicated  Nov.  12.  The  first 
money  for  the  library  was  left  as  a  bequest  by 
Mrs.  Sophia  Patch  Eastman,  provided  it  should 
be  called  the  Joseph  Patch  Library,  in  honor 
of  the  first  settler.  Henry  M.  Bixby,  a  former 
resident,  now  of  Brooklyn,  gave  the  lot  on 
which  the  building  stands. 

Washington,  D.  C.  The  Public  Library 
of  the  District  of  Columbia  has  recently 
begun  the  issue  of  a  special  Social  Serv- 
ice Bulletin,  which  will  be  published  espe- 
cially for  the  use  of  the  social  workers 
of  Washington.  The  library  states  that 
it  tries  to  be  an  efficient  social  service 


institution,  and  being  equipped  with  litera- 
ture on  sociological  topics,  including  books,, 
pamphlets  and  periodicals,  issues  this  Bulletin 
in  the  hope  of  "bringing  to  the  attention  of 
persons  needing  it  the  recorded  experience 
of  other  communities  in  dealing  with  com- 
mon social  problems." 

Watts,  Cal.  P.  F.  Adelsbach,  secretary  of 
the  Watts  Board  of  Library  Trustees,  has 
received  word  from  the  Carnegie  Corporation 
in  New  York  that  the  plans  for  the  proposed 
library  building  in  Watts  had  been  approved, 
and  that  within  a  few  days  authorization  to 
draw  against  the  $10,000  Carnegie  donation 
would  be  forwarded. 

Wyoming,  III.  The  city  council  has  estab- 
lished by  ordinance  a  Free  Public  Library, 
and  has  appointed  a  board  of  directors. 


BALDWIN,  Amy,  for  three  years  librarian  at 
Conshohocken,  Pa.,  has  resigned  to  become 
librarian  of  the  West  branch  of  the  Carnegie 
Library  at  Pittsburgh. 

DOYLE,  Sadie  C.,  assistant  in  the  Circulation 
department  of  the  Louisville  (Ky.)  Free  Pub- 
lic Library  for  eight  years,  has  resigned  to  ac- 
cept a  position  in  the  book  department  of  the 
Stewart  Dry  Goods  Company. 

EHLE,  Mary  E.,  who  has  been  in  charge  of 
the  Potter  branch  of  the  Utica  Public  Library 
since  its  opening  three  years  ago,  has  left  to 
take  charge  of  the  new  branch  in  East  Utica. 
She  will  be  succeeded  by  Miss  Laura  Griffith, 
who  has  been  assistant  at  the  Potter  branch 
since  January,  1912.  Her  assistant  is  Miss  M. 
Elizabeth  Smith. 

FAIRCHILD,  Mrs.  Mary  Cutler,  has  recovered 
her  health  sufficiently  to  enable  her  to  resume 
interest  in  library  matters,  though  not  to  take 
up  full  work,  and  she  will  be  glad  to  hear 
from  library  friends  —  though  perhaps  a  reply 
is  not  to  be  asked  for  —  at  her  new  address  at 
"Idle  High,"  Frederick  Road,  Catonsville,  Md., 
a  suburb  of  Baltimore,  where  Rev.  Milton 
Fairchild  has  his  headquarters  in  the  work  of 
the  National  Institution  for  Moral  Instruction, 
the  substantial  support  of  which  is  now  in- 
cluded as  an  element  in  the  Social  Service  Cor- 
poration, which  performs  about  $30,000  of 
philanthropic  work  a  year. 

FIGAROLA-CANEDA,  Domingo,  director  of  the 
Biblioteca  Nacional  of  Havana  and  member 
of  numerous  library  and  historical  associa- 
tions in  Cuba  and  in  Europe,  has  recently 
published  a  monograph  entitled  "Escudos 
primitives  dc  Cuba"  ("Early  seals  of  Cuba"). 
The  various  seals  are  reproduced,  and  de- 
scriptive notes  accompany  each  illustration. 

FRENCH,  Wales,  has  beeri  appointed  libra- 
rian of  the  Public  Library  in  Stoughton, 
Mass.,  not  in  Brockton,  as  erroneously  stated 
in  this  column  last  month. 


704 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{December,  1913; 


GARDNER,  Anna,  of  Troy,  has  been  appointed 
head  librarian  of  the  South  End  Library  at 
Albany.  She  succeeds  Miss  Jane  Brower, 
who  has  resigned  to  accept  a  position  in  Brook- 
lyn. 

HOPPER,  Franklin  F.,  librarian  of  the  Public 
Library  of  Tacoma,  Wash.,  has  resigned  his 
position,  to  take  effect  Dec.  31,  1913,  and  has 
accepted  the  position  of  chief  of  the  order 
division  of  the  New  York  Public  Library,  be- 
ginning early  in  January,  1914.  He  will  have 
general  supervision  of  the  order  work  in  both 
the  reference  and  circulation  departments  of 
the  New  York  Public  Library.  Mr.  Hopper 
graduated  from  Princeton  University,  class  of 
1900,  and  from  Pratt  Institute  Library  School 
a  year  later.  He  was  for  about  a  year  and  a 
half  in  the  Library  of  Congress,  and  resigned 
his  position  there  to  take  a  position  in  the  Car- 
negie Library  of  Pittsburgh,  where  he  was 
soon  called  upon  to  organize  and  administer 
the  order  department  of  that  library.  Profes- 
sional opinion  of  his  work  in  Pittsburgh  was 
indicated  by  the  fact  that  he  was  asked  to  write 
the  chapter  on  order  and  accession  department 
work  for  the  "A.  L.  A.  Manual  of  Library 
Economy."  Mr.  Hopper  has  been  at  the  head 
of  the  Tacoma  Public  Library  for  the  last  five 
years.  The  Tacoma  Tribune  of  Nov.  22  pays 
a  high  tribute  to  his  work  for  that  library,  and 
prints  a  letter  of  Bishop  F.  W.  Keator,  presi- 
dent of  the  Library  Board,  expressing  on  be- 
half of  the  Board  his  regret  at  Mr.  Hopper's 
resignation,  and  his  appreciation  of  what  he 
had  done  for  the  Tacoma  Public  Library. 

LIPPINCOTT,  Emma,  has  been  elected  librarian 
of  the  Cross  wicks  (N.  J.)  Library. 

PADDOCK,  Alice  M.,  of  Jamestown  (N.  D.) 
Public  Library,  read  a  paper  on  'The  wom- 
en's clubs  in  North  Dakota  and  library  ex- 
tension" at  the  recent  state  federation  meeting 
in  Fargo,  N.  D. 

RANSOM,  Mrs.,  head  of  the  periodical  de- 
partment of  the  Buffalo  Public  Library,  com- 
pleted her  thirtieth  year  of  service  there 
Nov.  i. 

REDSTONE,  Edward  H.,  formerly  assistant 
librarian  of  the  Social  Law  Library  of  Boston, 
has  been  elected  librarian  to  succeed  Edward 
B.  Adams,  resigned. 

ROBERTS,  Alma  R.,  and  Edith  L.  Kennedy 
have  been  appointed  assistant  librarians  at  the 
Bayonne  (N.  J.)  Free  Public  Library. 

SERRILL,  KATE,  for  twelve  years  librarian  of 
the  Darby  (Pa.)  Free  Public  Library,  resigned 
Nov.  i  and  has  gone  to  Hicksville,  Ohio.  She 
is  succeeded  bv  Miss  Helen  Serrill,  of  Ger- 
mantown. 

STROH,  E.  F.,  librarian  of  the  Academy  of 
the  New  Church,  Bryn  Athyn,  Pa.,  has  re- 
signed, and  after  Jan.  i  will  reside  in  Ontario, 
Cal.,  engaging  in  a  ranching  business  there. 


and  Bequests 


Boston,  Mass.  The  M.  I.  T.  has  received  a 
second  gift  of  $2500  from  Mrs.  T.  Jewett 
Moore,  the  wife  of  Prof..  Moore,  of  the  insti- 
tute's organic  chemistry  department.  Both 
gifts  are  in  memory  of  her  uncle,  the  late 
John  Hume  Pod.  The  income  is  to  be  de- 
voted to  non-technical  books. 

Boston,  Mass.  Eighty-five  thousand  dollars 
goes  to  the  Boston  Medical  Library  by  the  ac- 
tion of  Judge  Harmon  of  the  Essex  County 
Probate  Court  in  allowing  the  contested  will  of 
the  late  Miss  Ellen  B.  Wyman,  of  Newbury- 
port.  The  money  is  given  the  library  in  mem- 
ory of  Miss  Wyman's  father,  and  is  to  be 
known  as  the  Dr.  Samuel  Wheeler  Wyman 
Fund.  One  half  of  the  income  is  to  be  de- 
voted to  the  purchase  of  foreign  works  on 
surgical  subjects,  the  other  half  for  the  bind- 
ing of  periodicals. 

DR.  JOHN  H.  FINLEY,  the  retiring  president 
of  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York,  an- 
nounced on  Nov.  6  that  the  Board  of  Esti- 
mate and  Apportionment  had  voted  $100,000 
to  assist  in  the  erection  of  a  new  library  for 
the  institution,  to  be  placed  adjacent  to  the 
college  grounds.  This  gift  is  conditional  on 
the  raising  of  a  fund  of  $150,000  to  be  do- 
nated from  private  sources  and  the  alumni 
body.  Mr.  Steers,  class  of  '53,  has  started  this 
fund  with  $5000. 

Madison,  Wis.  A  bequest  of  $10,000  was 
made  to  the  State  Historical  Society  by  the 
late  Dr.  Reuben  Gold  Thwaites,  who  was  sec- 
retary of  the  society  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

Urbana,  III.  William  B.  McKinley,  of  Cham- 
paign, former  congressman  and  traction  mag- 
nate, who  is  now  abroad,  has  given  $5000  to 
the  fund  to  secure  a  Carnegie  library  for  Ur- 
bana. F.  E.  Eubeling,  of  Urbana,  had  left 
$10,000,  and  the  additional  donation  makes  the 
library  possible. 

W.ellsville,  N.  Y.  The  David  A.  Howe  Free 
Public  Library  has  received  as  a  memorial  to 
the  late  William  Carleton  Farnum  the  sum 
of  $1,000,  to  be  added  to  the  endowment  fund 
and  its  income  to  be  used  for  insurance  and 
repairs  to  the  library  building.  The  library 
has  also  received  Mr.  Farnum's  private  library 
and  $300  to  be  expended  in  the  purchase  of 
additional  volumes. 


Calenfcar 


Dec.    i.      Southern    California   L.   A.;   annual 

meeting  at  Pomona,  Cal. 
Dec.  ii.    N.  Y.  L.  Club,  L.  I.  L.  Club,  and  the 

N.  J.  L.  A.;  will  hold  a  joint  meeting. 
Dec.    3i-Jan.    2.     Midwinter   library   meetings, 

at  Hotel  La  Salle,  Chicago. 
Jan.  —  .     Illinois  L.  A.;  annual  meeting,  Chi- 

cago, 111. 
March  6-7.    New  Jersey  L.  A.,  annual  meeting.. 

Hotel   Chelsea,   Atlantic   City. 


INDEX 

LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  v.  38,  JAN.-DEC.,  1913 
Libraries  are  entered  under  name  of  city  or  town,  except  national,  state,  university,  college 


and  U.   S.  departmental  libraries. 


Aberdeen   (Scot.)   P.   L.,  rpt,  125. 
Abingdon    (111.),    gift,    649. 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  pro- 

ceedings   (rev.),    582. 
Accession  records  economized  and 

systematized     (Bliss),     255-63. 
Adams  (Mass)   F.  L.,  rpt.,  241. 

—  1.    bldg.    contract    (entered    in- 
cor.    as    North    Adams),    647. 

Adams,    E.    B.,    427,    538. 
Adams,   Ida   E.,   578. 
Adler,    Cyrus,    360. 
Administration      of      departmental 

libs.,  25-7. 
Advertising,    1.    as    asset    in,    700. 

—  1.    methods,    236. 

—  See  also  Publicity. 
Advocates      Library,      Edinburgh, 

Scotland,    rpt.,    174. 
Africa,      See    Dewey    decimal    sys- 

tem,   165. 
Agriculture     literature,      classifica- 

tion   for    (Ridgway),    561-3. 
Ahern,    Mary    Eileen,    463. 
Aids    to    study    and    use    of    law 

books    (rev.),    645. 
Aiken,    W.    A.,    225. 
Airdie  (Scotland)  P.  L.,  gift,  306. 
Alabama  L.  A.  mtg.,  35-6. 

—  Sunday  School  Assoc.,  699. 
Alameda  (Cal.)  F.  L.,  rpt.,  589. 
Alameda    Co.    Law    L.,    Oakland. 


Cal.,    rpt.,    171. 
Albion     (N.    Y.) 
539- 


Swan    L.,    rpt, 


,          - 

Alden   (N.    Y.)    P.   L.,  gift,  306. 
Aldrich,    Caroline,    634. 
Aldrick,    C.    E.,    647. 
Alfred    (Me.)    P.    L.,    gift,   428. 
Alhambra    (Cal.)    suit    to    stop    1. 

bldg.,    586. 

Allegan    (Mich.)    P.    L.,   gift,   305- 
Allen,    Helen,    648. 
Allentown  (Pa.)  P.  L.  opened,  54; 

rpt  »   539-40. 
Almy,    Helen,    635. 
Alpena   (Mich.)    P.   L.,   gift,  87. 
Alphabeting,    299. 
American  Antiquarian   Soc.    (Wor- 

cester,   Mass.),    rpt.,    379. 
American    Art    Annual,    234. 
American  Assoc.  Law  Libs.,  475-6. 
American   Booksellers'   Assoc.   con- 

vention, 313-14,  342. 
American    Chemical    Soc.    L.     Ad- 

ditions    to     special     collections 

(Johnston),     331-3. 
American    Federation    of    Arts    in- 

vestigation,   536. 
American  hist.,  writings  on,   1910, 

214-5- 
American    Labor    Legislation    Re- 

view,   532. 
American     Jibs,     and     the     investi- 

gator   (Putnam),    275-7. 
American    L.    Assoc    (dept.),    93, 

220,  349,  459,  571. 

—  agricultural  libs,  section,  469. 

—  Chicago  rrtgs.,  65,   116.  681. 

—  children's  library  section,  470. 


—  College    and    reference    section, 
47i. 

—  committee     on     affiliated     socie- 
ties, 467- 

—  committee  on  binding,  468,  571. 

—  committee  on  book  buying,  467. 

—  committee    on    code    for    classi- 
fiers, 469. 

—  committee  on  Carnegie  and  en- 
dowment funds,  465. 

—  committee  on  cataloging,  469-70. 

—  committee  on  federal  and  state 
relations,  468. 

—  committeee  on  nominations,  146. 

—  council,   466. 

—  council    and    Institute    sessions, 
434- 

—  government    documents,     round 
table,    1913    (Godard),   523-4. 

—  Kaaterskill    (N.    Y.)    conf..    65, 
93-9,    220-2,    249,    313,    349-57, 
433,    4595    report    of    secretary, 
463;    report  of  trustees   of   Car- 
negie    and     endowment     funds, 
465;  executive  board,  465;  coun- 
cil meeting,  466;  report  of  com- 
mittees, 467-469;  meeting  of  sec- 
tions, 469-475;  round  tables,  472; 
affiliated     organizations,     475-8 ; 
post-conference       trip,       478-80 ; 
Miss    Pansy    Patterson    attends 
conference,  480;  "golden  word," 
497- 

—  manual,    302-3. 

—  permanence      of      mfcmbership, 
152-3- 

—  professional      training     section, 
474- 

—  statistical      hdbk.,       Suggestion 
for    (Winchester),    556-8. 

—  trustees  section.  475. 
American  League  L.  Co.,  585. 
American  L.  Inst.,  91,  476,  679. 
American      Museum     of     Natural 

Hist.  L.,  additions  to  special 
collections  (Johnston),  331-3. 

American  Portland  Cement  Mfrs. 
Assn.  offers  literature  to  libs., 
583. 

American  Telephone  and  Tele- 
graph Co.  L.  (New  York),  ad- 
ditions to  special  collections 
(Johnston),  331-3. 

—  1.    system   of    (Kingsbury),   442- 
9- 

American    Vigilance    Assoc.    book 

lists,    54. 
Amesbury     (Mass.)     P.     L.,     rept., 

242. 

Amherst  (Mass.)  Coll.  L.,  rpt..  55. 
Amsterdam    (N.    Y.)    F.    Lu    rpt, 

no. 

Anderson,  Edn.  H.,  360,  377,  463. 
Andover    (Mass.)    Memorial    Hall 

L.,   rpt,   242. 
Angland,    Jane,    493. 
Annual     Magazine     Subject-index, 

369-71- 
Ansonia  (Conn.)  P.  L.,  rpt,  119. 

—  new  1.,   700. 

Anthologies,  group  of   (rev.),  581. 


Appropriations,  Trustees'  responsi- 
bility for  the  1.,  48. 

Aramingo,  Pa.  Controversy  over 
new  1.  bldg.,  586. 

Archives,  preservation  of  federal, 
147-8. 

—  Virginia  State  L.   receives,  426. 
Arkansas  L.  Commission,  287. 

—  State  L.  Assoc,  288-9. 
Arlington     (Mass.)     P.     L.,     gift 

306. 

—  rpt,    307. 

Armory    (Miss.)    P.  L.,  gift,   87. 

Armour,    C.    W.    L.,    287. 

Arnold,  J.  Ilimes,  377. 

Arnstein,    Leo,    228. 

Artisan,  appreciation  of  good  lit- 
erature (Galloway),  143-4. 

Asheville    (N.    C.),    gift,    307. 

Ashfield    (Mass.),    gift,    588. 

Askew,    Sarah    B.,    218. 

Association  of  Eastern  College 
Librarians,  29,  627. 

Athens,  Ga.,  Univ.  L.  Sch.  lib., 
gift,  588. 

Athol  (Mass.)   P.  L.,  gift,  306. 

Atlanta  (Ga.)  Carnegie  L.,  Bull, 
298. 

—  colored    1.,    offer    ky    Carnegie, 
239- 

—  rpt,   307. 

—  training  set.,  489-90,  108-9,  231, 
635,  696. 

—  trustees     appointed     moving-pic 
ture  censors,  375. 

—  Uncle     Remus     branch     opens, 
646. 

Atlantic   City   conference,    217-9. 
Atlantic  City   (N.   J.)    P.   L.,  rpt, 

119,   242. 
Attleborough    (Mass.)    P.    L.,    rpt. 

242. 

—  gift,    306. 

Auburn    (Me.)    P.    L.,    rpt,    307. 
Auburn    (N.   Y.)    Seymour  P.   L., 

rpt,   242. 

Auburn  (Wash.)  P.  L.,  gift,  87. 
Aurora  (Minn.)  to  have  1.,  646. 
Aurora  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  gift,  305. 
Austria-Hungary.  See  Pressburg. 
Avery  Mfg.  Co.,  circular,  584. 
Ayer,  Clarence  Wa.,  death  of,  377- 

—  resolutions  passed  on  death  of, 
416-7. 

Ayer,  T.  P.  The  value  of  a  uni 
versity  bindery,  518-9. 


Babcock,  Kendric  C.  Biblio- 
graphical instruction  in  college, 
13.3-6. 

Babies,    Books   on   care    of,    600. 

Bacon,    Corinne.    360. 

—  What   the   public    wants,    251-5. 
Bacon  -  Shakespeare       controversy, 

Bailey,   Arth.    Low,    463. 

—  What  people  read,  387-91. 
Bailey,   E.    D.,   37-8. 
Bailey,  J.  J.,   death   of,  493. 
Bainbridge  (Ga.)  P.  L.,  gift,  305-6. 
Bakersfield    (Cal.),   new   1.,   646. 


706 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


Baldwin,   Amy   S.,   695.    703. 

Baldwin,   Clara  F.,    146. 

Balston,  Mary  E.,  692. 

Baltimore  (Md.)  Enocli  Pratt  F. 
L.,  rpt.,  242;  lib.  and  the  Sun- 
day school,  411. 

Baltimore  (Md.)  Frick  L.  of  the 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty 
of  Maryland,  172. 

—  P.    L.,    gift   of   bldg.    site,    118. 
Bangor    (Me.)    P.    L.,    rpt.,   428. 
Bar  den.  Bertha  R.,   577- 
Barker,   Anna  W.,   648. 
Baroda,  India.    See  Borden,  W.  A. 
Barr,   C.   J.,   361- 

Barron    (Wis.)    P.    L.,   gift,   87. 

Barrow,   D.   C,   359. 

Bar  row-in- Furness    (Eng.)    P.    L., 

gift,    87. 

B?,scom,    Elva   L.,    427. 
Bassett,    Elsie,    577. 
Bath    (Me.)    Patten    F.    L.,    story 

hour,    117. 

Battersea  (Eng.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  43°- 
Battle  Creek  (Mich.)  law  1.,  gift, 

171. 

Bay    Path    L.    Club,    483,    630. 
Bayonne   (N.  J.)   P.  L.,  gift,  428, 

539,    588;    rept.,    307. 
Baxter,    C:    Newcomb,    304. 
Beaman,    Luella    O.,    170. 
Beaverton    (Ont.)    P.   L.,   gift,   87. 
Bechaud,   Mary   E.,   641. 
Belden,    C.    F.   D.,   417,   572,    656. 
Belfast    (Me.)     P.    L.,    gift,    306; 

rept,     307. 
Bell,    E.    J.,    493- 
Bell,    Minnie   M.,   289. 
Belief ontaine  (O.)  1.  contract,  649. 
Belleville  (Mo.),  gift,  588.  701. 
Bellingham    (Wash.)    P.    L.,    rpt., 

242. 
Belmar      (N.     J.),     Lots     for     1. 

bought,    701. 

Belniont  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  rpt,  307- 
Bement  (111.)  P.  L.,  gift,  305. 
Bennington  (Vt)  P.  L.  gift, 

428,    588. 
Benson    (Minn.)    P.    L.,    gift,    87, 

306. 

Bergold,    Retha,    642. 
Berlin    Royal    L.,    rpt,    31-2. 
Berlin  University  L.,  lectures,   55. 
"Best  books"   vote,    Springfield   P. 

L.,    586. 
Bethlehem    (N.    H.)    P.    L.,    gift, 

304- 

Bethlehem  (Pa.)  F.  L.,  gift,  241. 
Bethnal  Green,  London  (Eng.) 

P.   L.,   gift,   306. 
Better    health— better    service    (E. 

V.    B.),    341. 
Beverly  (Mass.)    P.  L.,  rept,   120. 

—  dedication  of  new  building,  492. 
Bibliographic    institute,    a    sugges- 
tion,  302. 

Bibliographical  training,  college, 
129-30. 

—  instruction     in     college      (Bab- 
cock),   133-6. 

Bibliographic    der    Social     wissen- 

schaften,    369-71. 
Bibliography         and         cataloging 

(dept),  57,   174,  246,   310,  383, 

430,  652. 
Bibliography    (Chilian),   616. 

—  introd.    to   elementary,    48. 

—  place    in    education,     49. 

—  some    reference    books    of    1912 
(Mudge),    197-8. 

—  to-day,    249-50. 


Bibliotheque  Nationale  of  France, 

rpt.,   345-6. 
Bibliotheques,     livres     et     librarie, 

367-8. 

Bill    drafting,    112. 
Billerica    (Mass.)    Bennett    P.    L., 

gift,    428. 
Billings     (Mont.)     Jessie    Kirkpat- 

rick    L.,    gift,    428. 
Billings,     J:     Shaw,    editorial     on 

death   of,    177. 

—  •  estate    appraised,    587. 

—  memorial    action    of    N.    Y.    L. 
Club,    213-4. 

—  memorial  adopted  by  A.  L.  A., 

—  N.  Y.   P.   L.,  pamphlet  on,  699.. 

—  memorial  meeting,  314,  334-8. 

—  obituary,   212-3. 
Billingsley,     Mary    P.,    304. 
Bindery,    The   value    of   a   univer- 

sity   (Ayer),    518-9. 
Bindery   Talk,   298,   423^    532. 
Binding.      See    Book    binding. 
Binghamton    (N.    Y.)    P.    L.,    rpt, 

120,    379. 

Biographical  enterprises,  1912,   1-2. 
Biography,    some    reference    books 

of    1912    (Mudge),    196-7. 
Birdsall,    Grace   Hanford,   692. 
Birmingham    (Eng.)    F.    Ls.,    rpt., 

590. 

Bisbee,   Marvin  D.,   648. 
Bixby,    Harriet,    241. 
Bjerregaard,   C.   H.    A.,    170. 
Black,    Susie    E.,    648,    695. 
Blackall,    Mrs.    Eliz.,    695. 
Blakeley,   Bertha   E.,   572,   630. 
Blanchard,   Alice  A.,   632-9. 
Blind,    Foreign    Is.    for,    699. 

—  See  also  Canadian  F.  L.  for. 
Bliss.    H:    E.      Accession    records 

economized      and      systematized, 


Bliss,   Leslie    E.,    632. 
Blodgett,    Evelyn    M..    633. 
Bloomfield    (la.)    P.    L    dedicated, 

586. 

Bloomfield  (Neb)   P.  L.,  gift,  305- 
Bloomstein,  Lizzie  Lee,  104. 
Bodleian    L.     (Oxford),    gift,    427. 

—  rpt,    430. 

Bodleian   "Staff  Manual,"    170. 
TSoehnken,  Susan  W.,  642. 
Bock,  Het,  48,  164,  235,  372,  699. 
Bolton    (Eng.)    Country     Borough 

L.,    rpt,    125. 
Book    binding;    and    repair,    299. 

—  bibl.    of,    699. 

—  leather,    53. 

—  Modern     library.     373. 

—  See  also  A.  L.  A.  committee  on. 
Book-buying,      effect      of     modern 

conditions  on   (Bowerman),  325. 

—  experiences  in  Europe  (Lichten- 
stein),   77-81. 

—  librarians       should       encourage 
(Bowerman),   328. 

—  private,    156. 

•  —  See  also  A.  L.  A.  committee  on. 
Book   frauds,   Rare,   90. 
Book   illustration,   methods,   533. 
Book    importation    for    institutions 

simplified,  627. 
Book  pests,  372. 
Book  reviews  for  libs.  (lies),  319- 

24;    Edit,   on,   313. 
Book   reviews,    533. 

—  See  also  Reviews   (dept). 
Book    selection,    299-300. 

Book     selection,     some     reference 
books  of  1912   (Mudge),  198. 


Book    store,    cooperation    between 

1.  and  (Bowerman),  324-31. 
Book  wagons  in  Delaware,  303. 
Books  and  the  parcels  post,  498. 

—  and  reading  for  the  special  stu- 
dent,  533. 

—  as  carriers  of  disease,  27-8,  584. 

—  as  Ibns.  would  like  them,  49. 

—  bes*   twenty,   3  74. 

—  care  of,  49. 

—  circulation     in     lightships     and 
hospitals,    377. 

—  for   young   people,    535. 

—  identical   books   under   different 
titles,    536-7. 

—  inter-library  worker  and  the  ex- 
hibit of  new   (Lee),  408-9. 

—  Ibns.  and  book  sellers  should  en- 
courage fewer  and  better   (Bow- 
erman),  327. 

—  most  popular  in  N.  Y.   C.  schl. 
libs.     (Leland),    208-10. 

—  New,  282. 

—  on  the  care  of  babies   (Ranck), 
600-2. 

—  P.    L.   and   cheap,    112. 

—  remittance  of  fines   on   overdue 
(Evans),    405-6. 

—  training    in    use    of     (Menden- 
hall),  189-92. 

—  use    and   abuse,    51. 

—  See    also    Reference    books. 
Bookseller,   The   librarian   and   the 

(Mumford),     136-42;     edit,     on, 

129. 
Booksellers'        convention.          See 

American      Booksellers'      Assoc. 

convention. 
Boone  Univ.  L.,  Wuchang,  China, 

progress,  284-6. 
Borden,  W.   A.,   538,  626,  644. 

—  Baroda,  India,  and  its  libs.,  659. 
Borresen,  Lillian,  304. 
Borrowers    of    a    German    munic- 
ipal    lib.     classified,     15. 

—  non-resident,     237. 
Boscawen   (N.  H.)   L.,  586,  646. 
Boston     (Ga.)     P.    L.,    gift,    87. 
Boston   (Mass.)   American  Congre- 
gation  Assoc.    Lib.,    rpt,   495. 

Boston  (Mass.)  Athenaeum,  rpt, 
242;  new  plans,  345. 

Boston  (Mass.)  Cooperative  In- 
formation Bureau,  674;  Bull.,  47. 

Boston  (Mass.)  Franklin  Union  1. 
to  open,  701. 

Boston  (Mass)  Inst.  of  Tech., 
gift,  704. 

Boston  (Mass.)  Medical  L.,  rpt, 
120. 

—  gift,    704. 

Boston  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  bequest, 
118. 

—  gift,    306. 

—  North  End  branch  opened,  240. 

—  pamphlet,    54. 

—  rpt,    171,    379. 

—  roof  garden,    535. 

Boston    (Mass.)     Town    Room    L. 

replies  to   special   libs,   questioa- 

naire,     401-2. 
Bostwick,   Arth.    E.,    117. 

—  efficiency  records  in  libs.,  131-3* 

—  circulation  at  long  range,  391-4- 

—  The  different  west,  as  seen  by  a 
transplanted    easterner,    422-3. 

—  relations    between    the     1.     and 
the    municipality,     456-7. 

Bos  well,    Jessie   P..    575. 
Bournemouth,    Eng.      See    Englisk 

Bowen. 'Mrs.    E.   H.,   698. 
Bowerman,    G.    F.,    427,    645- 


THE   LIBRARY   JOURNAL 


707 


—  Cooperation  bet.  the  1.  and  the 
book    store,    324-31. 

Bowker,   R.   R.,  463. 

—  address  at  J :   S.   Billings  mem. 
mtg.,    335-7. 

—  The  work  of  trustees  in  a  large 
1-t   3-7- 

—  The     work     of     trustees     in     a 
small    1.,   663-6. 

Bowles,    Verne,    632. 

Bowling  Green  (Ky.),  Work  on 
1.  begun,  586. 

Boy    Scouts,    proposed    1.    (Bower- 
man),    331. 
—  1.    for,    534. 

Boyd,    Emma,    648. 

Boynton,  Mrs.  H.  M.,  538. 

Braddock  (Pa.)  Carnegie  F.  L., 
rpt.,  379- 

Bradford  (Eng.)  P.  L.,  rpt,  125. 

Bradford  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  gift,  171. 

Bradford  (Pa.)  Carnegie  P.  L., 
gift,,  305. 

—  rpt.,    307,    495. 
Brairiard,    Mrs.    C.    T.,    648. 
Brainerd,    Jessie,    55. 

Branch  libraries  vs.  delivery  sta- 
tions (Bostwick)  391. 

Brandeis,    Alb.    S.,    death    of,    304. 

Branford  (Ct.)  Blackstone  Mem. 
L-,  rpt,  171. 

Brantford   (Ont.)    P.  L.,  gift,  305. 

Breslau  (Ger.)  City  L.,  borrow- 
ers classified,  15. 

Brewer   (Me.)    P.   L.,  rept,  650. 

Brewitt,    Theodora    R.,    581. 

Brewster  (Mass.)   P.  L.,  gift,  306. 

Bridgeport  (Ct.)  1.  to  sell  prop- 
erty, 701. 

Briggs,    Wa.    B.,    225,    493. 

Brighton  (Eng.)  County  Bor- 
ough P.  L.,  rpt.,  .110. 

Brighton  (Me.)  Dalton  Holmes 
Davis  Memorial  L.  dedication, 
537,  586. 

Brighton   Mills    (N.  J.),   rpt.,    584- 

Bristol    (Ct.)    P.    L.,    rpt.,    650. 

Bristol    (N.    Y.)    P.    L,    gift,    171. 

Bristol    (R.   I.)  Rogers  F.  L.,  rpt., 

I2O,      242. 

British      Museum      Library,      The 

(Koch),    ist   paper,    .199-500;    2d 

paper.    547-56. 
British     Patent     Office     L  ,     euide 

to   Search   Dept,   700. 
Brockett,     Paul,    37. 
Brockton      (Mass.)      P.      L.,     rpt., 

379-80. 

—  dedication    of    new    bldg..    492. 
Brookfield    (111.)    P.    L.,    gift,    87. 
Brookfield    (Mass.)   Merrick  P.  L., 

rpt..    242. 

Brookline  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  rpt., 
307- 

Brooklyn  (Ct.)  1.  buys  bank 
bldg.,  701. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  Inst.  of  Arts 
and  Sciences  L.,  rpt.,  5^9. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  Piatt  Insti- 
tute F.  L.,  rpt,  55. 

—  pay  collection   of  fiction,    116-7. 

—  See   also    Pratt    Inst.    L.    Sch. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.).  P.  L.,  addi- 
tions to  special  collections 
(Johnstfjr),  331-3. 

—  increased  efficiency   (E.  V.   B.), 
34i- 

—  purchase  of  new  site,  491. 

—  resolutions     of     Central     Bldg. 
Com.,  114-5- 

—  rpt,    120. 

—  results  of  40  hr.  schedule,  338- 
41- 


—  training  class   (Hopkins),  201-2. 
Brooks,    Clara    M.,    694. 
Brough,    C.    H.,    287. 

Brown,  Charlotte  M.  Handling 
books  for  collateral  reading, 
675. 

Brown,    Flora   M.,    694, 

Brown,    Gwendolen,    361. 

Brown,  Ja.  Duff.  A  British  itin- 
erary (rev.),  423. 

Brown  and  Moonsville  Town- 
ships (Ind.)  P.  L.,  gift,  305. 

Lrown  Univ.  L.  additions  to 
special  collections  (Johnston), 
331-3. 

—  Corthell    Engineering    L.    dedi- 
cated, 492. 

—  distribution      of      expenditures, 
(Johnston),    408. 

—  expenditures    (Johnston),    143. 

—  gift   (entered  incor.  under  Bos- 
ton, Mass.),  649. 

—  gift   of    Dr.    Scott's   1.,    649. 

—  gift  to  Corthell  Engineering  L., 
307. 

—  rpt,    120. 

Browne,    Mary,    635,    648. 
Brubaker,    Laura   E.,    581. 
Brumbaugh,    Ethel,    377. 
Brunswick     (Me.)      Captain     John 

Curtis    Memorial    L.,    428. 
Buckhous,    Gertrude,    104. 
Budapest   P.    L.,  411. 
Budget,  The  average,  49. 

—  Civil   service   and,   in   metropol- 
itan   libs.,    434. 

Budington,    Ethel    H.,    360. 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  Educational  Un- 
ion, 52. 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  municipal  ref- 
erence 1.  started,  240. 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  rpt,  171- 
2;  242-3. 

—  sheet    music   catalogued,    584. 

—  6th    branch    open,    586. 
Bulletin       de       I'Association       des 

Bibliothecaires  Francois,  it  2, 
299,  532. 

Bullock,    Edna    D.,     575. 

Bumpus,  Amelia  L.,  death  of, 
493- 

Bundy,    Irving   R.,    683. 

Bureau  of  Railway  Economics  L. 
(Washington),  additions  to  spe- 
cial collections  (Johnston)  331-3. 

—  reolies     to    special    'libs,     ques- 
tionnaire,   400. 

Bureau  of  review,   A    (lies),    319- 

24. 
Burlington    (la.)    F.    P.    L.,    rpt., 

243. 

Burlington  (Kan.)  P.  L.,  gift,  305. 
Burlington    (Vt.)    Fletcher    F.    L., 

rpt.,    428. 

Rnrnet,    Duncan,    359. 
Burnham,    Adele,    692. 
Burnham,    Bess,    639 
Burwell,    Ethel    J.,    632- 
Bury    (Eng.)    County   Borough   L., 

rpt,    57. 

Rush,    Adah    E.,    37. 
Business    education,    bibl.     of,    N. 

Y.    P.    L.,    54- 

—  relation       of      1.       to      modern 
('Kinpsbury),     442-9. 

—  see  also  Advertising. 
Business   libraries.     See   Libraries. 
Byers,     Mrs.     Frances,     377. 

Cadwalader,    J.    L.,    address    at   J. 

S.    Billings   mem.   mtg.,   337-8. 
Cahill,    Marie    E.,    577. 
Calcutta,    India,   Imperial   L.,   rpt.. 

246. 


Caldwell    (Id.)    P.   L.,  gift,  87. 
Caldwell  (N.  J.),  plans  for  Grover 
Cleveland    Mem.    L.,    238,    427. 
Calgary   (Alta)    P.    L.,    gift,  87. 

—  rpt,    383. 

Calhoun,    Helen    V.,    304. 
California        County        Librarians 

meet  with  Cal.  L.  Assoc.,  527-9. 
California     Library     Assoc.     joint 

mtg.    with    Cal.    County    Lbns., 

527-9- 

—  mtg.,    159. 

California  State  L.  receives  Su- 
tro  1. ;  appropriates  $70,000, 
377;  Sutro  1.  accepted,  588. 

—  rpt,    172. 

California  state  1.   sch.  announced, 

675. 
California    Univ.    L.    expenditures 

(Johnston),    143. 

—  distribution       of       expenditures 
(Johnston),    408. 

—  rpt.,     3071-8. 

—  Summer     course     in     1.     meth- 
ods,   532. 

Callow,   Hattie  M.,  577. 
Cameron,    Jean,    636. 
Campbell,    Agnes,    death    of,    304. 
Campbell,    J.    Maud,    610. 
Campbell,     Margaret,    695. 
Campbell,    T.    A.,    death    of,    117. 
Cambridge     (Mass.)     P.     L.,     rpt, 

428. 
Cambridge  Univ.  L.,  early  printed 

books    in    1.    of    St.    Catharine's 

Coll.,    234-5. 

—  rpt,    430. 

Camden  (Ark.)  L.  A.,  change  of 
name,  537. 

Canadian  F.  L.  for  Blind,  sub- 
scriptions fall  off,  584. 

Canandaigua  (N.  Y.),  gift  for 
Ontario  Co.  Hist.  Soc.  and 
Wood  L.  Assoc.,  378. 

Canton    (S.    D.)    1.    opens,    701. 

Cardiff  (Wales)  Libraries  Com- 
mittee, rpt,  430. 

Care    of   babies,   Books   on,    600. 

Carlisle  (Pa.)  J.  Herman  Bosler 
Mem.  L.,  rpt,  379. 

Carmel  (Ind.)  and  Clay  Town- 
ship P.  L.,  gift,  305. 

Carmel  (N.  Y.)  to  have  new  1., 
646. 

Carnegie,  And.,  Internal,  tribute, 
677- 

—  lays       three       cornerstones       at 
Worcester,    Mass.,     304. 

—  address  at  J:    S.    Billings  mem. 
mtg.,    335- 

Carnegie  and  Carnegie  Corpora- 
tion L.,  gifts,  1912,  87,  305-6. 

Carnegie  Institution  of  Washing- 
ton, new  bibliography,  239. 

Carpenter  Memorial  L.  See 
Manchester  (N.  II.)  P.  L. 

Carr,  J.  F.  What  the  1.  can  do 
for  foreign-born,  566-8 

Carson,    W.    O.,    288. 

Carter,    Julia    F.,    55,    633. 

Carter,    Martha    Rodes,    639. 

Carver,    Harrison    W.,    463. 

Cass,     Eliz.    H.,    694. 

Castle  Heights  Training  Sch.  L., 
Lebanon,  Tenn.,  gift,  307. 

Castleisland  (Ire.)   P.  L.,  gift,  87. 

Caswell,    Mary    H.,    38. 

Catalog,  central,  113. 

Catalog,  improving  the  sheaf,   114- 

Catalog   section   A.    L.    A.,   470. 

Cataloging  system  at  th'.-  Carne^ 
gie  L.  of  Pittsburgh  (Mann), 
23-24. 


;o8 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


Cataloging,  Bibliography  and 
(dept.)  See  Bibliography  and 
Cataloging. 

—  arrangement     of     cards     under 
place    names    (Clapp),    73-77. 

—  rept.    of    A.    L.    A.    Committee 
on  cost   and   method,   469. 

—  See   also   Trade   catalogs. 
Catholic      Sunday      schools.        See 

Sunday    schools. 
Catton    (Eng.)    P.   L.,   gift,  87. 
Cedar    City     (Utah)     P.    L.,    gift, 

87. 
Cedar  Rapids  (la.)   F.  P.  L.,  rpt., 

308. 

Central    catalog,    Concerning,    113. 
Central  Univ,  Danville,  Ky.,   gift, 

119. 

Centreville  (Ind.)  P.  L-,  rpt.,  172. 
Chadron,    Elizabeth    Smith,   628. 
Cbamberlin,    Edith    G.,    695. 
Champlin,     Mary,     686. 
Chapin,    Esther    S.,    578. 
Chardon  (O.)  P.  L.,  gift,  87,  119. 
Charging    systems,    424. 
Charles,    Ruth    E.,    577. 
Charleston    (N.    C.)    P.    L.    plans 

for    1.    bldg.,    377. 
Charleston    (S.    C.)    L.    Soc.,   rpt., 

495- 
Charleston    (W.   Va.)    P.   L.,   gift, 

305- 
Charlotte     (N.     C.)     Carnegie    L., 

rpt.,    1 20. 

Chase,    Jessie    C.,    574. 
Chattanooga        (Tenn.)       P.       L., 

5    branches    established,    170. 

—  rpt.,  650. 

Chautauqua  L.  Sch.  announce- 
ment, 233. 

Chelsea    (Mass.)    P.    L.,    rpt.,    495. 
Chemical    library,    Chemists'    Club, 

N.   Y.,   238. 

Cherry  vale  (Kan.)    P.  L.,  gift,  87. 
Chesley   (Ont.)    P.  L.,  gift,  87. 
Chicago     (111.)     Hebrew    Inst.    L., 

gift,    428. 
Chicago     (111.)     John     Crerar     L., 

additions    to    special    collections 

(Johnston),   331-3. 

rpt,    428-9. 

Chicago    L.    Club,    40,    107,    228-9, 

289-90,   364,   629,   690. 
Chicago    (111.)    Law  Inst.   L.,  *rpt., 

172. 

Chicago  1.  methods  exhibit  at  Leip- 
zig, 583. 

Chicago  (111.)  Municipal  Refer- 
ence L.,  425,  492,  588. 

Chicago  (111.)  Newberry  L.,  rpt., 
243- 

—  leases  bldg.,   584. 

Chicago  (111.)  P.  L.,  additions  to 
special  collections  (Johnston), 
331-3- 

—  examinations,    53. 

—  music    dept.    extension,    585. 

—  rapid     growth,,     425-6. 

—  summer    cards,    492. 

Chicago  University  L.,  addition 
to  Hayser  Mem.  L.,  377. 

— ; — rpt.,     172. 

Child  welfare  conference  of  R.  L, 
exhibit  (Still-well),  88-9. 

Child  welfare  exhibit  (Rochester), 
P.  L.  section  (Yust),  344-5. 

Child  welfare  exhibit,  Los  An- 
geles, 702. 

Children,   literature    for,    374-5. 

• —  sets    for,    300. 

—  Vacation     letter    to     (Hewins) , 
457-8. 


Children's    dept.     (Moore),    595. 

—  exhibit    room,    Newark    (IN.    J.) 
F.   P.   L.,   jos. 

—  libraries,     A    chapter    in     (Jor- 
dan), 20- 1. 

—  library   of    Stockholm    (Moore), 
J4S- 

—  library      section,      A.      L.      A., 
meeting   of,   470. 

—  reading,     372. 

—  reading,    Miss    Hewing    and  her 
class    in     ( Wright),    210-11. 

Chilian    bibliography,    616. 
China.      See    Boone    Univ. 
Chinese   books,   647. 
Chronophone    as    educator,    49. 
Cincinnati    (O.)    P.    L.,    Avondale 
branch    opened,    240. 

—  rpt.,   243,   308. 

Cincinnati    Univ.    L.,    rpt.,    120-1. 

—  distribution       of       expenditures 
(Johnston),    408. 

—  expenditures     (Johnston),     143. 
Cinematograph  and  chronophone  as 

educators    in    libs.,    49. 
Circulation,     non-resident    borrow- 
ers, 237. 

—  problem    of,    282. 

—  problem    of     (Bostwick),    391-4. 

—  See   also   Open    shelf    system. 

City  government,  effect  of  com- 
mission plan  on  P.  L.  (Tyler), 
403-5.- 

—  municipal  ref.  1.  as  aid  to  (Mc- 
Aneny),  509-13. 

—  The  p.  1.  and  publicity  in  mu- 
nicipal affairs  (Dana),  198-201. 

City    planning    classification,     302. 

City    planning   exhibition,    700. 

Civil  service  and  the  budget  in 
metropolitan  libs.,  434. 

Clapp,  Clifford  B.  Arrangement  of 
cards  under  place  names  in  a 
dictionary  catalog,  73-7. 

Clark,   Etta  M.,   55- 

Clark  College,  model  private  1., 
303- 

Clarke,    Edith    M.,    493. 

Clarkson,    Sally,    633. 

Clarkston  and  Vinland  (Wash.)  P. 
L.,  gift,  87- 

Classification,    city     planning,    302. 

—  biographical,   533. 

—  for  agriculture  literature   (Ridg- 
way),    561-3. 

—  See  also  Dewey  system. 
Classifications,    Comparative    study 

of  Baroda  Expansive  and  Deci- 
mal (rev.),  644. 

Classifiers,  rept.  of  A.  L.  A.  com- 
mittee on  code  for,  469. 

Clatwprthy,    Linda    M.,    493. 

—  Ohio  libs,   in  the  flood,  602. 

Cleavinger,    J.    S.,    574. 

Clemson  Agric.  College  L.  distri- 
bution of  expenditures  (John- 
ston), 408. 

— 'expenditures   (Johnston),  143. 
Clendenin,    Susan  R.,   692. 
Cleveland     (O.)     dental    1.     estab- 
lished,  701. 
Cleveland  (O.)  P.  L.,  gift,  649. 

—  opens    municipal    reference    1., 
117. 

—  removal   of  Central  P.   L.,   492, 
586,    676. 

—  rpt.,    589,   650. 

—  Sterling  L.   branch,    537. 

—  training    class,    301,     579. 
Clifton  Heights    (Pa.)    P.   L.,   gift, 

307- 

Clinton  Township,  Waterman  (111.) 
P.  L.,  gift,  305. 


Clinton    (la.)    F.    P.    L.,   rpt.,   308. 

Clush,   Julia   J.,    640. 

Coalinga    (Cal.)    P.   L.,   gift,   87. 

—  plans    completed,    646. 
Cobb,  Gertrude,  227. 
Cobb,   Mary   E.,  632. 

Coe  College,  Cedar  Rapids,  la., 
asks  for  donations,  646. 

Coffin,  W.  K.,  227. 

Cohasset   (Mass.)    P.   L.,  gift,  306. 

Cold  Spring  (N.  Y.),  P.  L.,  be- 
quest, 537. 

Cole,    Gladys    S.,    578. 

Colean,  Olive,  493. 

Coles,   Jonathan  A.,   647. 

Colgrove,     Mrs.     Mabel     E.  ,    304, 

Collar",    Herb    C.,    698. 

Collateral  reading,   Books  for,  675. 

College  and  reference  section. 
See  A.  L.  A. 

College  and  University  Ibns.  of 
the  Middle  West  mtg.,  92. 

College,  Bibliographical  instruc- 
tion in  (Babcock),  133-6. 

College  librarians.  See  Assoc.  of 
Eastern ;  New  England. 

College  libraries,  relation  of  pub- 
lic and  (Lowe),  394-9. 

College  library,  order  record  by 
funds  (Dewey),  22-3. 

College  library,  Some  features  of 
work  in,  112-3. 

College  of  Charleston  L.,  rpt.,  380. 

College  of  Physicians,  Phila.  (Pa.) 
L.,  rpt.,  172. 

College    round    table,    472. 

Collegiate  Alumnae,  Assn.  of.  Bull. 
700. 

Collins,   Annie,   41. 

Colorado  L.  A.  mtg.,  36-7,  418-9. 

Colorado  State  L.,  Denver,  rpt., 
243- 

Colorado   Univ.    L.,    rpt,    121. 

—  Summer  Session  course,  295. 
Colt,  Alice  M.      The  Ferguson  Li- 
brary.   Stamford,    Conn.,    341-4- 

Colton    (N.    Y.)    P.   L.,    gift,    3*6- 

—  Hepburn    L.    dedicated,    492. 
Columbia  Spectator,  698. 
Columbia  University   L.,   additions 

to  special  collections  (Johnston), 
331-3- 

—  Deutsche   haus   1.,    52. 

—  distribution       of       expenditures 
(Johnston).    408. 

—  exchange    account,    54. 

—  expenditures    (Johnston),    143. 

—  gift   for   hall   1.,    378. 

—  interlibrary    loans,    53. 

—  Morgan  collection  at,  699. 

—  100    copies    of    dissertation     re- 
quired,   426. 

—  Papers    of    F.     W.     Holls    pre- 
sented to,  427. 

—  rpt.,    55-6. 

—  Summer  Session,  229. 
Columbus  Law  L.  A.  suit,  674. 
Columbus  (Kan.)  P.  L.,  gift,  87. 
— •  new   1.    dedicated,   646. 
Combe,    Hilda    A.,    5/8- 
Commission    plan    of    city    govern- 
ment,  effect  on  P.   L.,   65-6. 

Communications    (dept.),    64,    176, 

240,   544,    591,   655. 
Community,     adaptation    of    1.     to 

needs  of   (Bailey),   387. 

—  demands  on  the  1.  (Bacon),  251- 

—  pract.  educational  value  of  1.  to 
(Lowe),    396. 

—  usefulness      of     1.      to      (Ront- 
zahn),    27. 

Comparative  study  of  the  Baroda. 
Expansive  and  Decimal  classifi- 
cations (rev.),  644. 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


709 


Conard,  Jane  Lee,  639. 

Concord   (Mass.)    P.   L.,  gift,  306. 

—  rpt.,  308,  380,   589. 
Cone,    Jessica   G.,   632. 

Congres  mondial  des  associations 
Internationales,  374. 

Congress,  Journals  of  the  Conti- 
nental, 163. 

Connecticut  L.   A.,  224-5,   418. 

— Summer    School,    490. 

Connecticut  naval  records,  426. 

Connecticut  State  L.,  The  photo- 
stat in  the  legislative  reference 
dept.  of,  410. 

Coolidge.  T.  Randolph,  Jr.,  417, 
572- 

Cooperation  bet.  the  1.  and  the 
book  store  (Bowerman),  324-31. 

Cooperative  Information  Bureau, 
Boston,  674. 

Copithorne,    Matthew    B.,1  493. 

Coplin,  Martha  L.,  695. 

Corcoran,  Anna,  493. 

Cornell  Univ.  L.,  additions  to  spe- 
cial collections  (Johnston),  331- 

—  distribution       of       expenditures 
(Johnston),   408. 

—  expenditures  (Johnston),  143. 
• —  gift   of   agricultural    1.,    306. 
— rpt,  56. 

Corning    (Cal.),    gift,    649. 
Corning     (N.     Y.),     P.     D.,     gift, 

306. 

Corsicana   (Tex.)    P.   L.,  gift,   119. 
Corthell      Engineering      L,.      See 

Brown   Univ. 
Corwin,  — ,   690. 
Corydon    (End.)    P.    L.,    gift,    87. 

—  bids   for   new  L,    537. 
Council    Bluffs    (la.)    P.    L.,    rail- 
road   bibliography,     168. 

—  rpt.,    172.  ^_ 
Country    libraries,   plans    for,    534. 
Countryman,    Gratia    A.,    463. 
Coursen,  Laura,  death  of,  305. 
Covington   (Ind.)    P.  L.,  gift,  305. 
Cowell,    Marion    L.,    633. 

Grain,    Lucy    B.,    493. 
Cresco    (la.)    P.    L.,    gift,    305. 
Croydon    (Eng.)    P.    L.,    651. 
Crozer     Theological    Seminary    L., 

Chester,    Pa.,    gift,    539. 
Crunden,    Mary    B.,    696. 
Cumings,     Eliz.,     577. 
Cunningham,    Jesse,    685. 
Currency,    pamphlets    on    proposed 

bill,   536. 

Curtis,    Lucy    F.,    572,    630. 
Cuthbert    (Ore.)    P.    L,,    gift,    87- 


Dairies,    List    on    care    of,    584. 
Dallas    (Tex.)    colored  1.,    304. 

—  P.  L  ,  municipal  ref,  dept.,  121. 

—  rpt..    429. 

Dalton    (Mass.)    P.    L.,    rpt.,    308. 
Dana,   J:    Cotton,    118. 

—  The     p.     1.     and     publicity     in 
municipal    affairs,    198-201. 

Daniel,     Ethel,    636. 

Dante  memorial   vnveiled,   425. 

Danville   (Vt.)  P.  L.,  gift,  306. 

Darby,    Claire,    577. 

Dart,    Mrs.    F.    H.,    225. 

Dartmouth  College  L.,  distri- 
bution of  expenditures  (John- 
ston), 408. 

—  expenditures     (Johnston),     143. 
Davenport    (la.)    P.   L.,   rpt.,    121, 

243- 

Davidson,    Mr?.    W.    R.,    37. 
Davis,    Mary    H.,    403.    538- 
Davis,    Mildred    E.,    692. 
Drivcon    (Ga.)    P.   L.,   gift,   305. 


Dayton    (O.)    P.    L.,    492. 

—  after  the  flood,   301-2. 

—  gift,    428. 

—  reopens,    701. 

Debates,  some  reference  books  of, 
1912  (Mudge),  193. 

Decatur    (111.)    P.    L.,    rpt.,   495. 

Decimal  classification  and  rela- 
tive index  for  libs.,  clippings, 
notes,  etc.  (rev.),  644. 

the  Dewey  system  and  the 

engineering  industries,  239. 

extension  and  revision  of  Af- 
rican schedule,  165. 

Dedham  (Mass.)  Hist.  Soc.,  be- 
quest, 537. 

Dedham  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  bequest, 
537- 

—  gift,    306. 

—  rpt.,    308. 

Deerfield  (N.  H.),  Philbrick 
James  L..  gift,  588. 

Deerfield  (N.  H.)  soldiers'  memo- 
rial 1.  under  way,  587. 

Delaware,    book    wagons    in,    303. 

Delaware  City  (Del.)  F.  P.  L. 
open,  587. 

Delivery  by  book  wagons  in  Del., 
303- 

—  by   motorcycle   in   Los  Angeles. 
374-. 

—  station,     branch     1.     vs.     (Bost- 
wick),    391. 

Denton,  Tex.,  North  Texas  State 
Normal  Sch.  1.  and  gym.  bldgs. 

•     accepted,  240. 

Denver     (Colo,)     gift,  640. 

Departmental  libs.,  administration 
of,  25-7. 

Desertion  and  non-support,  pam- 
phlets, 115. 

Detroit  (Mich.)  P.  L.,  Butzel 
branch  opened,  649. 

—  Cass    Gilbert   wins    architectural 
competition,  427. 

—  Conely    branch    dedicated,    646. 

—  ground  holdings  increased,   701. 

—  rpt.,    308. 

—  rpt.     of    commissioners,    George 
V.  N.  Lothrop  Branch,  54. 

—  rules  governing  competition  for 
planr.  of  new   1.   issued,  240. 

—  visitors'    day,    240. 
Dewey,    Melvil,    644. 

Dewey  classification.  See  Deci- 
mal. 

Dick,  Margaret  S.,  692. 
Dickinson,  Asa  D.,  648. 
Dictionaries  and  encyclopedias, 

some    reference    books    of    1912 

(Mudge),   193. 
Dictionary  catalog,  arrangement  of 

cards        under       place       names 

(Clapp),   73-7- 
Diggs,    Mary    Jane,    377. 
Disease.      Sec    Books    as    carriers 

of,    584- 
Dissertation?,        some        reference 

hooks    of    1912     (Mudge),    193. 
Distribution    of    university    library 

expenditures    (Johnston),    408. 
District     of     Columbia     L.     Assoc. 

mtgs.,    37,    225-6. 

—  Invitation   card  to,    585. 
Dividend    paying    P.    L.     (Thomp- 
son), 315-9. 

Documents,  A.  L.  A.  government 
documents  round  table,  1913 
(Godard),  523-4. 

—  American     municipal     (Kaiser), 
453-6. 

—  free    and    inexpensive    reference 
material    (Walter),    8-12. 

— *  preservation  of  national  ar- 
chives, 147-8. 

—  Preservation  and  care  of  histor- 
ical, 459. 


—  use  of  public  docs,  in  small  lib. 
(Luard),  402-3. 

Dodd,  Helen  Wells,  289. 
Dohrmann,  R.  B.,  690. 
Dolbee,  Florence,  death  of,  241. 
Doren,  Electra  C.,  690. 
Dougherty,  Harold,  483. 
Douglass,  M.  H.,  482. 
Dousman,   Mary   E.,   419. 
Dover  (N.  H.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  4.29. 
Downey,   Elilia,  648. 
Downey,  Mary  E.,  690. 
Downington     (Pa.)     1.     bldg.    pur- 
chased, 701. 
Doyle,   Sadie  C.,  703. 
Drake-Jackson,  Alice,  104. 
Dramatic  Index,  369-71. 
Draper,    Andrew    Sloan,    obituary, 

Dresden    (N.    Y.)    dedication   of  1- 

postponed,   584. 
Drexel     Inst.     L.     Sch.,    420,    576, 

636,  694- 

—  rpt.  of  lectures,  292. 

—  special  lectures,  162. 

Drury,    F.   K.    W.        On   an   order 

record  by  funds,  22-3. 
Dryden,  Minta  I.,  death  of,  538. 
Dubuque    (la.)    Carnegie-Stout    F. 

P.    L.,  rpt.,   243. 

—  P.  L.  branch  opened,  702. 
Dudgeon,   M.    S.,    537. 

Duluth    (Minn.)    P.   L.,  rpt.,   540. 
Dunbar,   Margaret,   377-8. 
Dundrum  Division,  Rathdown  No. 

i,   Rural   District  Council    (Ire.) 

P.    L.,   gift,   87. 
Dvnham,  Mary   E..  575. 
Dutcher,  Harriet  S.,  633. 
Dye,  Eleanor  M.,  632. 


Early  printed  books  in  the  1.  of  St. 

Catharine's    College,    Cambridge, 

234-5. 
East    Bridgewater    (Mass.)    P.    L., 

gift,    306. 
East    Hounsfield    (N.    Y.)    P.    L,, 

gift  of  bldg.   and  grounds,   306. 
East  Orange  (N.  J.)  F.  P.  L.,  rpt., 

Eait°Utica    (N.   Y.)    new  1.   bldg. 

opened,  702. 
Eastern    College    Librarians.       See 

Assn.  of. 
Eastman,  W:   Reed.     Appreciation 

of    work,    20-30. 
—  The  library  building,  234- 

—  Library  legislation  in    1912,   22. 
Easton  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  gift,  306. 
Eaton,  Alice,  305. 

Edgar  (Neb.)   P.  L.,  gift,  305. 
Edrewood    (R.   I.)    F.   P.   I.     Boy 

Scout  1.,   534- 
Edinburgh     (Scotland)    Advocates' 

L.,  rpt.,  310. 
Edison,  T.  A.,  letter  to  F.  P.  Hill 

on    metallic   paper,    410-11. 
Edmonton    (Alberta)    P.    L.,    gift, 

305- 
Education    depts.,    Library   activity 

of,  679. 

—  its    cost,    and    effect    on    the    1. 
movement,   113. 

—  1.   as  factor  in   (Lowe),  394. 

—  some    reference    books    of    1912 
(Mudge),    194. 

—  work  of  high   sch.   and  p.   1.  in 
relating  education  to  life  (Free- 
man),   179-83. 

Edwards,   E:,  centenary,   113. 
Edwards,  Gertrude  M..  639. 
Efficiency  bibl.  in  Special  Libraries, 
425.      « 

—  cooperation  in   Columbia   Univ., 
168. 


7io 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


Efficiency  due  to  improved  health 
(E.  V.  B.),  341- 

—  in  1.  work  (Hitchler),  558-61. 

—  investigation    in    Seattle    P.    L., 
534-  . 

—  physical,  375. 

—  recording,  130. 

—  records  in  libraries   (Bostwick), 
131-3,  376. 

—  standard  of  1.    service   (Thomp- 
son),  315-9- 

Ehle,    Mary   L.,    703. 
El  Paso  (Tex.)   P.  L.,  rpt,   121. 
Eldon  (la.,)  P.  L.,  gift,  87. 
Elgin  (Kl.)   Gail  Borden  L.,  rept., 

Elizabeth  (N.  J.)  P.  L.,  ground 
broken  for  branch,  54. 

—  gift,  87. 

—  new  branch  open,   587. 

—  rpt.,   121. 

Elliott,  Agnes  M.,   160,  692. 

Elliott,  Mrs  E.  T.,  587,  648. 

Ellis,  Katharine  R.,  581. 

Ellis,   Victoria,   529. 

Elmira    (N.    Y.)    Steele    Memorial 

L.,  rpt,  589. 

Elmira  (Ont.)  P.  L.,  gift,  87. 
Elmore,  Laura,  35. 
Ely,   Dorothy   B.,    581. 
Employees'  libraries,  426-7. 
Enclycopsedia  Britannica  yearbook, 

223,  341. 

Engineering  libraries,  113. 
English,   Elisabeth  D.,  695. 
English    L.  A.,  36th  meeting,  616- 

22. 

English    treatment    of    pamphlets, 

maps,    photographs,    and    similar 

items,  165. 
Enoch    Pratt     (Baltimore)     F.    L. 

and   the    Sunday    school,    411. 
Enright,  Daisy  M.,  632. 
Enterprise  (Ore.)  P.  L.,  gift,  305. 
Erie    (Pa.)    P.   L.,   rpt.,   540 
Etching  process  exhibit,  N.  Y.   P. 

L.,  702. 

Etiquette   of   library,    592. 
Europe,    Book   buying   experiences 

in    (Lichtenstein),   77-81. 
Evans,  Adelaide  F.,  378,  427. 
Evans,  C.     American  bibl.,  46. 
Evans,    G:    Hill.      Experiments    in 

1.  extension,   13-5. 

—  The  remittance  of  fines,  405-6. 
Evanston    (111.)    P.   L.,   closed   for 

month,   491. 

—  rpt,  121,  495. 

—  two  new  branches  opened,  117. 
Evansville       (Ind.)       1.       contract 

awarded,  649. 

Evansville  (Ind.)  P.  L.  (colored 
branch)  gift,  305,  377- 

Exeter    (N.   H.)    P.   L.,   rpt.,   243. 

Exeter   (Ont)   P.  L.,  gift,  305. 

Expeiiments  in  library  extension 
(Evans),  13-5. 

Extension,  Experiments  in  1.  (Ev- 
ans), 13-5. 

—  local   campaigns,   49. 


Fairchild,  Mrs.  Mary  C.,  703. 
Fairfield  (Neb.)  P.  L.,  gift,  305. 
Fairhaven  (Mass.)  Millicent  L., 

rept,  308. 

Fairlie  (N.  Z.)   P.  L.,  gift,  306. 
Fall  River  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  rpt,  495. 
Farm  woman,   what  the  1.   can  do 

for    (Stearns),    449-53- 
Farmington     (Conn.)     Village    L., 

rpt,  243- 

Farnham,   Florence  C.,   642. 
Farr,  Mary  P.,  694. 
Farrell,  Winnifred   S.,   483. 
Farren,  Minnie,  690. 


Fay,  Adra  M,,  578. 

Ferguson      L.,      Stamford,      Conn. 

(Colt),  342-4- 
Fernald,  Louise,  104. 
Fiction,  pay  collection,  116-7. 

—  selection    of,    166-7,    533- 
Figarola-Caneda,  D.,  703. 
Finding      mis-filed      index      cards 

(Housel),  519-22. 
Fines,  the  remittance  of   (Evans), 

405-6. 

Fitchburg  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  rpt,  308. 
Flagg,   C:    A.,   305. 
Fleek,  Lotta,  642. 
Flexner,  Jennie  N.,  117. 
Flint   (Mich.)   P.   L.,  rpt,  495. 
Flood    (Ohio),   libs,   in,   602. 
Fogelsville  (Pa.)  F.  L.,  .gift,  539. 
Follansbee,   Helen,   695. 
Foote,   Margaret,   38. 
For    Folke-og    Barneboksamlinger, 

48,  372,  699. 

Forbes,    J.    L.    Harrison,    630. 
Forbes,    Leila  G.,   692. 
Forbes,    Mary   Alice,    696. 
Ford,    Edith   H.,   694. 
Foreign  born,  What  the  1.  can  do 

for  the    (Carr),   566-8. 
Foreign  student  assistants,  299. 
Foreigners,    1.    and.      See   Library, 

foreigners  and. 
Fort  Atkinson    (Wis.)    P.  L.,  gift, 

55- 
Fort   Fairfield    (Me.)    Carnegie  L. 

dedicated,    646. 
Fort    Plain    (N.    Y.)    P.    L.,    gift, 

494. 

Fort     Smith     (Ark.)     P»     L.,     ap- 
propriation   increased,   304. 
Fort    Wayne    (Ind.)    P.    L.    opens 

Business    and    Municipal    Dept, 

116. 

Fort  Worth    (Tex.)    P.    L.   art  ex- 
hibition,   168. 
Forty-hour     schedule,     results     in 

Brooklyn  P.  L.,  338-41. 
Foster,   Faith  E.,  37. 
Foster,  W.  E.     How  to  choose  edi- 
tions, 46-7. 

Fostoria  (O.)  P.  L.,  gift,  119,  305. 
France.       Rpt.  of  the  Bibliotheque 

Nationale,  345-6. 
Francis,   Clara,  68^. 
Franklin    (Tenn.)   P.  L.,  gift,  305. 

—  new  bldg.  to  be  erected,  240. 
Franklinville    (N.   Y.)    P.   L.,  gift, 

306     379- 

rrauds,    rare   book,    90. 
Frederick    (Md.)    P.   L.,   gift,    119. 
Frederickson,    Marion    E.,    581. 
Fredonia    (N.    Y.)    D.    R.    Barker 

F.   L.,   gift,    171. 
Freeman,    Marilla   Waite,    104. 

—  Joint    work    of    the    high    sch. 
and   the    P.    L.    in   relating  edu- 
cation to  life,  179-83. 

French,   Wales,  648,   703. 
Fresno   (Cal.)   P.  L.,  rpt,  121. 

—  to   have   Kern  branch   of   Beale 
L.,  646. 

Friends'  Sch.  L.,  Germantown,  Pa., 
collection  of  27,000  vols.  (Green- 
man),  1 86. 

Fuller,   Mrs.    Clara  A.,   483. 

Fuller,    G:    W.,    482. 

Fullerton    (Neb.)    P.    L.,    gift,    87. 

Fumigation.     See  Disease. 


Gaffney   (S.   C.)   1.  site  purchased, 

702. 

Gainesville   (Tex.)   P.  L.,  gift,  87. 
Galesburg    (111.),    F.    P.    L.,    rpt-, 

540. 


Galloway,  Ja.  H.  Work  and  read 
— does  the  artisan  appreciate 
good  literature.''  Yes!  14.5  4. 

Galveston  (Tex.;  Rosenberg  L., 
rpt.,  171,  308 

Gamble,   Martha,  587. 

Gamble,  W.   B.,   626. 

Ganung,   Harriet,   493. 

Gardner,  Anna,  703. 

Garland  (Utah)   P.  L.,  gift,  87. 

Garrett  (Ind.)   P.  L.,  gift,  305. 

Gary  (Ind.)  P.  L.,  new  bldg.  dedi- 
cated, 170. 

—  rpt,  380. 

Gas  City  (Itid.)  P    I..,  gift,  305. 
Geer,   Marguerite  A.,  640. 
General  Society  of  Mechanics  and 

Tradesmen,    N.    Y.,   rpt,   244. 
Geneva    (Neb  }     P.     L.,     Carnegie 

bldg.  dedicated,  117. 
George  III.'s  1.,  50. 
Georgia  L.  A.,  227,  358-9. 
Geography,    some    reference   books 

of  1912  (Miulge),  196. 
German  central   1.,    113 -4. 

—  municipal     1.     borrowers    classi- 
fied,   15. 

Germantown  (Pa.)  Friends'  T'.  L., 
collection  of  27,010  vols.  (Green- 
man),  186. 

—  rpt,    243. 

Germany,  Reading  public  grows  in, 

700. 

Germs.    See  Disease. 
Gelman,  Mabel,  378. 
Gettys,  Cora  M,,  361. 
Gibbon    (Neb  )    P.   L.,   gift,   87- 
Gibbs,  Laura,  378. 
Gibsonburg  (O.)  P.  L.,  gift,  87. 
Gifts  and  bequests  (dept),  55,  118, 

171,    241,    305,    378,    428,    494, 

539,   588,   649,   704- 
Gifts    in    1912,    A.    L.    A.    analysis 

of,  306-7. 
Gilbert    Sch.    L.,    Winsted,    Conn., 

collection  of  9000   vols.    (Green- 
man),    186- 
Gilbertville     (Mass.)     P.    L.,    new 

bldg.  opened,  304. 
Gilligan,    Bertha,    573,    630. 
Gillis,  J.  L.,  529. 
Gilman  Hall,  Johns  Hopkins  Univ., 

607-10. 

Gilmer    (Tex.)    P.   L.,   gift,   87. 
Gilmore,  Lucian  B.,  death  of,  493. 
Gladden,   Alice,  685. 
Gleason,   Celia,   117. 
Glen   Ellyn    (111.)    P.   L.,   gift,   87. 
Glen  Iris   (N.  Y.)   P.  L.,  gift,  306. 
Glendale   (Cal.),   gift,   305. 

—  to  have  new  1..  646. 

Glens   Falls    (N.    Y.),   gift,    241. 
Gloversville  (N.  Y.)  F.  L.,  gift  of 
medical  1.,  379. 

—  rpt,  243. 

Godard,  G:  S.  A.  L.  A.  govern- 
ment documents  round  table, 
523-4. 

Goddard,  W:  D.,  483. 

Goodrich,   Dorothy,   698. 

Goolsby,  Mrs.   Lora,  289. 

Gorgas,  Mrs.  Amelia  G.,  death  of, 
117. 

Gorham  (Me.)  Baxter  Mem.  L., 
rpt,  243. 

Graff  en,  Jean  E.,  360. 

Grand  Ledge  (Mich.)  P.  L.,  gift, 
87. 

Grand  Rapids  (Mich.)  P.  L.,  ac- 
count of  work,  54. 

• — establishes  25  sch.  libs.,  117. 

—  book  boxes  for  shut-ins,    168. 

—  gift,  306. 

—  renewal    abolished,    301. 

—  rpt,    243-4. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


711 


Grand,  Thirza  E.,   577. 
Graneie,  C.   O.,   170. 
Grange  libs,   scheme,  585. 
Grant's    Pass    (Ore.)    P.    L.,    gift, 

305- 
Granville  (N.  Y.)  Pember  L.,  rpt, 

540. 
Grattan   Township    (Neb.)    P.    L., 

gift,    87. 
Gray,  W.  For'oos,  ed.     Books  that 

count;   a  dictionary  of  standard 

books,  296-7. 
Great    Barrington    (Mass.)    P.    L., 

Mason  Mem.  L.  gift,  494. 
Great    Falls    (Mont.)    P.    L.,    rpt, 

540. 
Green  Bay    (Wis.)   Kellogg  P.  L., 

rpt.,   308. 

Green,    Belle   Da   Costa,   305. 
Green,   Bernard  R.,  215. 
Green,  Edna  S.,  581. 
Green,    Samuel    Sweet,    698;    edit-, 

658. 

—  autobiographical    sketches,    666- 
70. 

Greene,  Doris,  581. 

Greenfield  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  380. 

Greenman,  E:  D.  The  develop- 
ment of  secondary  sch.  libs., 
183-9. 

Greenman,  Mrs.   Sara  Judd,  683. 

Greenport  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  495. 

Gridley    (Cal.)    P.   L.,  gift,  305. 

Grier,  Agnes   F.,   633,   692. 

Grierson,  Mrs.  E.   S.,  574. 

Griffin,  Jeanne,  587. 

Griffith,  Laura,  703. 

Groton  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  rpt,  380. 

Grover,  Hazel,  587. 

Hackensack   (N.  J.)  Johnson  F.  P. 

L.,  rpt,  244. 
Hackett,  Irene  A.,  55. 
Hackley    Art    Gallery,    Muskegon, 

Mich.,   375. 
Hadley,  Helen,  648. 
Hague,  Edith,  694. 
Haines,  Alice  J.,  529. 
Haines,   Mabel  R.,   378,  674. 

—  Social   history    exhibition,    672. 
Hall,  Drew  B.,  417,  572- 

Hall,  M.  E.,  N.  h.  A.— L.  Dcr.-t, 
568-71. 

Hamburg  (N    Y.)  F.  L.,  rpt,  650. 

Hamilton  Coll.  L.,  Clinton,  11. 
Y.,  gift,  119. 

Hamilton,    Theodcsia,    635. 

Hammond,  Otis  G.,   117-8. 

Hammond,   Mrs.    R.   F.,   104. 

Handling  books  for  collateral  read- 
ing (Brown),  675. 

Hannah,  Mrs.  Sarah,  648. 

Hanover  (Mass.),  John  Curtis  F. 
P.  L.,  gift,  379- 

Hard,    Mrs.    Jean    A.,    38. 

Harden,  W:,  359- 

Harding,  W.   B.,  378. 

Hardy,   E.   A.,   288. 

Hardy,   Mrs.    Ella,   648. 

Hargrave,  Josephine  R.,  687. 

Harris,  Ellen  M.,  587. 

Harris,  Mabel,   581. 

Harrisburg  (Pa.)  P.  L.,  new 
bldg.,  304. 

Harrison,  J.   L.,  572. 

Hartford  County  (Md.)  F.  L.  in- 
corporated, 536. 

Harvard  University  Law  L.,  ad- 
ditions to  special  collections 
(Johnston),  33i"3- 

Harvard  University  L.,  additions 
to  special  collections  (Johnston), 

—  distribution       of       expenditures 
(Johnston),  40". 

—  expenditures  (Johnston),  143- 


—  moving   (Lane),  81-4. 

—  old  building  demolished,    115. 

—  rpt.,    308-9. 

—  transportation  of  catalog,  280-1. 

—  Widener       Mem      L.,      ground 
broken,         169  70;         description 
(Lane),       267-70;       cornerstone 
laid,  492. 

Harwood,    Annie    E.,    578. 

Haseltine,   Elizabeth,   633,  695. 

Hassler,    Harriot,    361 

Hathaway,    G:,    289. 

Haughton,  Grace,  635. 

Haven,  Ruth,  635. 

Haverford    (Pa.)    College   L.,   gift, 

307- 

Haverhill   (Mass.)    P.  L.,  rpt.,  56. 
Haverstraw    (N.    Y.)    P.    L.,    gift, 

306. 

Havre   (Mont.)   P.   L.,  gift,  305. 
Havre    de    Grace     (Md.)    1.    open, 

646. 

Hawes,  Clara  S.,  576. 
Hawkins,    Eleanor,    685. 
Hawkins,    Mrs.    George    B.,    587. 
Hay,   Elsie,  633. 
Haynes,    Emily    M.,    483. 
Hayt,    S.    A.,    361. 
Hazeltine,    Alice    J.,    576,    639. 
Head,    Idress,    305. 
Health  of  assistants,  216-7. 
Heard,   Mrs.    Eugene   B.,   359. 
Heaton,  Garnette,  683. 
Hebrew    Union    Coll     (Cincinnati, 

O.)    L.,  additions  to  special  col- 
lections   (.Johnston),   331-3. 
Hedrick,    S.    Blanche,    241,    687. 
Heidelberg    (Cape    Colony)    P.    L., 

gift,    306. 

Heilman,  Laura  F.,  639. 
Heinemann,  D.  E.,  686. 
Helena  (Mont)  State  Lav/  L.,  rpt., 

121. 

Helena  (Mont.)   P.  L.,  rpt,  650. 
Henderson,    Ernest    M.       Address, 

105-7. 

Hendry,   Donald,   160. 
Henry,   Eugenia  M.,  417,  572. 
Henry,    Prof.    S.   J.,   648. 
Herkimer     (N.     Y.)     P.     L.,    rpt, 

244. 
Hewins,  Caroline  M.,  and  her  class 

in   children's    reading    (Wright), 

210-11. 

—  History  lessons  in  vacation,  457- 
8. 

Hicks,   F.   C.,  645. 

—  inter-libtary  l^-ms,  ^7-7.-. 
Hicks,    Mary    L.,    581,   642. 

1    i-"  ins,    Alic^:   <".,   634. 

High  school  librarians  round  ta- 
ble, 473- 

High  school  libraries,   491. 

Hine,    Mrs.    Shelley,    648. 

ITinkuc,    Mrs.    Mary.    587. 

Hinsdale,   Louise,   218. 

Hirshberg,  Herb.   S.,  690. 

Historical  records  and  studies,  298. 

History,  American,  writings  on, 
1910,  214-5. 

—  exhibition,   672. 

—  ladder,  412. 

—  lessons    in    vacation    (Hewins), 
457-8. 

—  some    reference    books    of    1912 
(Mudge),   195-6. 

—  teaching,   300. 
Hitchler,  Theresa,  360. 

—  efficiency  in  1.  work,  558-61. 
Hjelmquist,    Preiftrik,    55. 
Hobart,  Amy  S.,  577. 

Hoboken    (N.    J.)    F.   P.   L.,   rpt, 

495- 

Hodges,  P.  W.,  35. 
Holbrook     (Mass.)     P.     L.,     gift, 

241. 


Holidays,   Monographs  on,  584. 
Homestead  (Pa.)  Carnegie  L.,  rpt., 

380-1. 
Honeoye  Falls  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  rpt., 

540. 

Hood  River  (Ore.)  P.  L.,  gift,  87. 
Hoosick  Falls  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  gift, 

306. 
Hopedale    (Mass.)    Bancroft  Mem. 

L.,  gift,  702. 

—  rpt,   244. 
Hopkins,  Julia  A.,  361. 

—  The     Brooklyn     training     class, 
201-2. 

Hopkins,  Ruth  Grosvenor,  639. 
Hopkinsvilie     (Ky.)     P.     L.,     gift, 

87. 

Hopper,  Franklin  F.,  482,  704. 
Home,  Grace,  648. 
Horton,   Marion,    587. 
Hosmer,    Ja.    Kendall.       The    last 

leaf,   116,  423. 
Hot   Springs    (S.    D.)    P.   L.,   gift, 

87. 
Housel,    B.    D.      Finding    mis-filed 

index  cards,   519-22. 
Houston   (Tex.)    Carnegie  L.,  rpt, 

429. 

—  colored  branch  established,  168; 
dedicated,  377. 

—  ground  broken  for  new  L,   702. 
Howe,  Winifred  E.     A  history  of 

the     Metropolitan     Museum     of 

Art,    295-6. 
Hoyt,  Stella  R.,  633. 
Huber,   Kate   D.,   648. 
Hudson    Valley    L.    Club,    40-1. 
Huelster,    Frances    N.,    578. 
Hughes,  Howard  L.,  218. 
Hulburd,  Annabel  A.,  632. 
Hull  (Mass.)   P.  L.,  buys  home  of 

J.   Boyle  O'Reilly,  240. 
Hume,    Jessie    F.,    626. 

—  The    dream   of  an   organizer:    a 
library  phantasy,  513-8. 

—  The  1.  and  the  movies,  277-9. 
Humors  and  Blunders   (dept),  63, 

128,    176,    384,   656. 
Hunt,  Katherine  E.,  695 
Hunt,  Mrs.   L.   M.,  305. 
Hunter,  Mary  B.,  696. 
Huntington   (N.   Y.)    L.,  rpt,   lai. 
Huntington    Beach    (Cal.)    P.    L., 

gift,   305. 
—  1.  plans  ready,  646. 

—  1.  begun,   702. 
Hutchings,    Mary,   628. 
Hvistendahl,  Hans  G.,  632. 


//  libra  e  la  Stampa,  533. 

lies,  G:     A  bureau  of  review,  319- 

Ilion  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  gift,  306. 
Illinois   grange  libs.,   585. 
Illinois  University  L.  building  pro- 
gram,   537. 

—  distribution       of      expenditures 
(Johnston),  408. 

—  expenditures    (Johnston),    143. 

—  gift  towards   formation   of  Jew- 
ish  1.,   306. 

—  Lincoln    Hall,    a    laboratory    1., 
286. 

Illinois  University  L.  School,  45-6, 

63,  293-4,  421,  487,  693. 
Imai,  K.,  427. 
Imhoff,   Ono  M.,   493. 
Imperial   L.,    Calcutta,    India,   rpt., 

246. 
Importation    of    books.      See    Book 

importation. 
Independent,   in. 
Index-cards,  finding  mis-filed  (Hoti 

sel),    519-22. 
Index  to  1.  rpts.   (rev.),  582. 


712 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


Indexes  to   periodicals,   591. 
Indexing,    problems    of,    165. 
India.      See   Baroda;    Imperial   L. ; 

Kuldalkar,  J.  S. 

Indiana    L.    Trustees'    Assoc,    37-8. 
Indiana    P.    L.    Commission,    rpt., 

413-5. 

—  lectures,    700. 

Indiana  State  L.,  current  topics 
lists,  239. 

— rpt.,  429. 

Indiana  Summer   Sch.,   294-5,   578. 

Indiana  University  1.,  distribu- 
tion of  expenditures  (Johnston), 
408. 

—  expenditures    (Johnston),    143. 
Indianapolis,  Ind.,  school  mem.  L., 

dedicated,  116. 

Industrial   Arts   Index,    369-71. 

Information  Bureau,  Cooperative, 
674. 

Information  bureau,  International 
Notes  and  Queries,  53. 

Information,  Systematic  training 
for  obtaining  (Ovitz),  150-2. 

Ingersoll,    R.    G.,    birthplace,    584. 

Innocents  in  Holland,  The  (rev.), 
424. 

Institut  Catholique  of  Paris  L., 
1 54-5- 

Insurance  L.  Assoc.  (Boston) 
replies  to  special  libs,  question- 
naire, 399. 

Inter-library  loans    (Hicks),   67-72. 

Inter-library  worker  and  the  ex- 
hibit of  new  books  (Lee),  408-9. 

International  Congress  of  Archiv- 
ists and  Librarians,  Brussels, 
1910,  Proceedings,  48. 

International  Exhibition  for  the 
Book  Industry  and  Graphic 
Arts.  See  Leipzig,  book  expo- 
sition. 

Investigator.  American  libs,  and 
the  investigator  (Putnam),  275-7' 

Iowa  L.  Commission,  224. 

Jowa  State  College  L.  distribution 
of  expenditures  (Johnston),  408. 

—  expenditures   (Johnston),   143. 
Towa    State    Library,    Des    Moines, 

rpt.,    172. 

Iowa  State  University  L.,  distri- 
bution of  expenditures  (John- 
ston), 408. 

—  expenditures   (Johnston),   143. 
Iowa  State  Univ.  L.  Summer  Sch., 

367,   490,   633. 
Ireland,    Alexander,    581. 
Isham,   Katharine  F.,   698. 


Jackson,   Bettina,  642. 
Jackson  (Miss.),  ground  purchased 
for  1..   646. 

—  ground  broken  for  1  ,  702. 
Jacksonville    (Fla.)    F.   P.   L.,  rpt., 

309- 
Jamestown    (N.    Y.),    James    Pren- 

dergast  L.,  rpt.,  540. 
Janes,  Leila  A.,  581. 
Japan,    1.   gift  to,   375. 
Jason,    Rabbi.    289. 
Jennings.    Judson   T,    146. 
Tersey  City  F.  P.  L.  pubs.,  584. 
Jewett,    Wa.     Kendall,     death    of, 

241. 

Jewish  1.,  Pressburg,  saved.  426. 
John    Carter    Brown    L.,    distribu- 
tion     of      expenditures.          See 

Brown  Univ.   L. 
Johns  Hopkins  Univ.  L.,  additions 

to  special  collections  (Johnston), 

331-3- 

—  See  also   Oilman   Hall. 
Johnson    City    (Va.)    P.    L.,    gift, 

171. 
Johnston,    Helen    M.,    484. 


Johnston,  W.  Daw  son.  Additions 
to  special  collections,  331-3. 

— -  Distribution  of  university  li- 
brary expenditures,  408. 

—  L.  activity  of  state  educ.  depts., 
679-80. 

Johnstown  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  gift, 
428,  539,  540. 

Jones,    C.    K.,    616. 

Jones,    Mrs.    Arthur,    289. 

Jones,  Mary  Helen,  636,  695. 

Joplin   (Mo.)    F.   P.  L.,  rpt,  429. 

Jordan,  Alice  M.  A  chapter  in 
children's  libs.,  20-1. 


Judd,   Gladys  A.,   538. 

(Kan.), 


George 


Junction      City 

Smith  P.   L.,  rpt.,  244. 
—  self-supporting,    1 1 6. 
Juniper  Green   (Scot.)    P.   L.,  gift, 

87. 
Juvenile    reading.      See    Children's 

reading. 


Kaaterskill  (N.  Y.)  conference. 
See  American  L.  Assoc. 

Kaiser,  J.  Systematic  indexing, 
371-2. 

Kaiser,  J:  Boynton.  Amer.  mu- 
nicipal documents  —  a  Ibn's. 
view,  453-6. 

Kansas  City  (Mo.)  P.  L.  Louis 
George  branch  opened,  240. 

—  extension  planned,   304. 
Kansas   L.    Assoc.,   575,   683. 
Kansas,    1.    commission   urged   for, 

88. 

Kansas-Missouri  L.  A.'s  mtg., 
682. 

Kansas  State  Agric.  College.,  dis- 
tribution of  expenditures  (Johns- 
ton, 408. 

—  expenditures     (Johnston),    143. 

Kansas  State  University  L.  dis- 
tribution of  expenditures 
(Johnston),  408. 

—  expenditures   (Johnston),   145. 
Kansas  Traveling  Libs.  Com.,  rpt., 

i54- 

Kearny    (N.   J.)    P.    L.,   rpt,   381. 

Keator,  Alfr.   D.,  632. 

Keller,   H.    R.,    378. 

Keller,    Helen    Rex,    493. 

Kendall,    Alice    G.,    634. 

Kendallville  (Ind.)  P.  L.,  gift,  87. 

Kennedy.    Edith   L.,    704. 

Kennedy,    Helen    B.,    648. 

Kenosha  (Wis.).  Gilbert  M.  Sim- 
mons L.,  rpt.,  495. 

Kentucky   L.   A.   mtg.,   690. 

Kercheval,    Margaret,    104. 

Ketcham,  — .  A  social  service 
library,  406-7. 

Keystone  State  L.  Assoc.,  38,  574, 
685. 

Keystone  State  Normal,  Kutztown, 
Pa.,  1.  planned,  240. 

Kilbourn    (Wis.)    P.    L.,    gift,    87. 

Killam,    Herb..    482. 

King,   J.   L.,   683. 

King,   Mrs.   W.  W.,   40. 

Kingsbury,  N.  C.  The  1.  a  ne- 
cessity of  modern  business,  442- 
o. 

Kingsley,  Arline,  305. 

Kingston    (N.    Y.)    City    L.,    rpt, 

121. 

Kittelson,    Corina,    642. 

Kittredge,  George  Lyman.  anni- 
versary papers  catalog  cards, 
646. 

Klamrtth  Falls  (Ore.)  P.  L.,  gift, 
305. 

Klein,  Helen  S.  The  Russian 
"Obshchestvo  Bibliotekoviedie- 
niya,"  677. 

Knapp,    Winnifred,    648. 


Knightstown     (Ind.)     P.    L.,    gift, 

87. 

Knowlton,    Ruth,    642. 
Knoxville     (111.)    P.    L.    reopened, 

647. 
Koch,   Thdr.   W.,   574. 

—  Bournemouth     meeting     of     the 
English   L.   A.,   616-22. 

—  British     Museum     L.,     499-509; 
547-56. 

Koelker,    Eliz.    S.,    581. 
Kraemer,    Irma,    538. 
Kuldalkar,  J.    S.,   587. 
Kulzick,  Josephine,  419. 
Kunz,    G:    F:      Imperishable    rec- 
ords,   25. 


La  Coltura  Popolare,  165,  235, 
299,  372,  423,  491,  533,  699. 

La  Mesa   (Cal.)  book  shower,  647. 

La  Tourette,  Alexandrine,  633. 

La  Vic  International,  533. 

Laconia    (N.   H.)    P.   L.,  rpt.,   244. 

Ladewig,  Paul.  Politik  der  Biich- 
erei,  in. 

Lake  Superior  L.  A.  organized, 
647. 

Lakeville   (Mass.),   gift,  87,   649. 

Lamb,    Florence   M.,   640. 

Lammers,    Josephine,    628 

Lancaster  (Pa.)  P.  L.,  gift,  307. 

—  rpt.,   309. 
Landes,   M.  W.,  378 

Lane,  W:  Coolidge.  The  moving 
of  the  Harvard  L.,  81-4. 

—  The   new   Harvard  library,  267- 
70. 

Lang,    And.,    581. 
Lansing     fMich.)     P.     L.     opened, 
492. 

—  P.  S.  L.,  rpt,  121. 
Lantern  slides,   issue  of,    50. 
Larned.  Josephus  Nelson,  death  of, 

538,    545,   648. 

Larned    (Kan.),    bequest,    649. 
Latimer.    Louise   P.,   696. 
Latta    (S.    C.)    P.    L.,   gift,   87. 
Latzke,    Tula,    698. 
Laugenour,    Nan   C.,    538. 
Law   1.    suit,    Columbus,   674. 
Lawrence    (Kan.)   P.   L.,  rpt.,   309. 
Leach,  H.   Mabel,  38. 
League    of    Library    Commissions, 

meeting,    476. 
Leather   bindings,    53. 
Leatherman,    Mnrian,    604. 
Leavenworth  (Kan.)  F.  P.  L.,  rpt., 

309,    429. 
Lecture     system,    record    of    New 

York   City,   284. 
Lee,   G.    W.,   674. 

—  Inter-library  worker  and  the  ex- 
hibit of  new  books.  408-0. 

—  Plen   for  a  reference  book  com- 
mission,  615. 

—  Special   1     service,   564. 
Lee.   Mary   C.,   683. 

Leeds  (Eng.)  P.  Libs.,  rpt.,  57- 
Legislative    bureau     and    L,     New 

York,    bill    for,    86. 
Legislative    drafting    bureau,     130, 

142. 
Legislative    reference    work,    edit., 

658 
Legler,   H:    E.,   492,    585. 

—  The    world    of    print    and    the 
world's     work:    address    of    the 
pres.   A.   L.  A  ,  Kaaterskill  con- 
ference,   435-42. 

Leipzig  book  exposition,  66,  86, 
239,  250,  545,  583.  658,  678. 

Leland,  C  G.  The  most  popular 
books  in  the  N.  Y.  C.  sch.  libs., 
208-10. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


713 


Leiand  Stanford  Junior  Univer- 
sity. See  Stanford  University. 

Lenox   (Mass.)    P.  L.,  gift,  494. 

Leonard,   R.   M.,   581. 

LeRoy  (N.   Y.)   P.  L.,  rpt.,  650. 

Levinger,  Nora  C.,  577. 

Lewis,   Cecelia,  577. 

Lewis,  Frank  Grant,  686. 

Lewis,   G:    L,   417,    572. 

Lewis,  Willard  P.,  538,  576. 

Lewiston   (Me.)    P.  L.,   rpt.,  495. 

Lexington    (Ky.)    P.   L.,  rpt,  244. 

Librarian  and  Book  World,  The, 
47,  112,  164,  299,  423,  532,  699. 

Librarian,  and  the  bookseller 
(Mumford),  136-42;  edit.  129. 

—  and  public  taste,  372-3,  424. 

—  civic  duties  of,   50. 

—  financial   responsibility,   49-50. 

—  should    encourage    book    buying 
(Bowerman),    328. 

Librarians  (dept.),  55,  117,  170, 
241,  304,  377,  427,  493,  538, 
587,  648,  703. 

Librarians  and  teachers  of  Eng- 
lish, 622. 

—  book  reviews  as  aids  to    (lies), 
319-24. 

—  forty  hour  week  for,  314. 

—  meeting  of  normal  sch.  Ibns.  of 
the  middle  west,    156-7. 

—  pension   fund  system,   28-9. 

— •  two  national  conferences  of 
sch.  Ibns.,  286-7. 

—  vacation  home   for,  498,   535. 

—  See   also    College    librarians. 
Librarianship,    national    and    inter- 
national,   1 66. 

Libraries,  administration  of  de- 
partmental, 25-7. 

—  advantages   of   small,   238. 

—  Amer.  libs,  and  the  investigator 
(Putnam),   275-7. 

—  and  business,   50-1. 

—  and    librarianship,    234. 

—  and  the  parcels  post,    130. 

—  book  reviews  for,  313. 

—  books   as  carriers  of   scarlet   fe- 
ver, 27-8. 

— •  branch    for   teachers,    426. 

—  branch     vs.      delivery     stations, 
391. 

— 'chapter   in   children's    (Jordan), 

2OI. 

—  civil   service  and  the  budget  in 
metropolitan,   434. 

—  colored  branch,   115. 

—  coordination  with  business,  433- 

—  development    of   secondary    sch. 
(Greenman),    183-9. 

—  difficulty    of    obtaining    foreign 
works   from,   592. 

—  efficiency  records  in  (Bostwick), 

—  for    employes   in   manufacturing 
and  commercial  plants,  427. 

—  foreign,    113. 

—  crrowth    and   development    (Leg- 
ler),   436-7- 

—  house   cleaning,    535. 

—  in  country  schools,  426. 

—  in  Ohio  flood,  602. 

—  in    prisons,    85-6. 

—  in  nse  by  Amer.  Telephone  and 
Telegraph  Co   (Kingsbury),  442- 
9. 

—  methods    of    newspaper,    148-50. 

—  N.  Y.  State  libs,  since  fire,  283. 

—  of   Santa  Fe   R.    R.,   239. 

—  plans  for  county,   534- 

—  results      of      libs.      in      prison 
schools,   491-2. 

—  small,  373- 

—  social  nrtrt  industrial  importance 
(Legler),   440. 

relation    ^    nnWic    and    college 

libs.    (Lowe),    394-0. 


—  usefulness  of,  373-4- 

—  See  also   School   libraries. 
Library,  The,  423,  532. 

Library   activities  of   State   Educa- 
tion  Depts.,   679. 

—  adaptation  of  to  needs  of  com- 
munity   (Bailey),    387. 

—  and  the  movies  (Hume),  277-9. 

—  and   the    municipality,    relations 
between  (Bostwick),  456-7. 

—  and  the  public,   51. 

—  and   publicity    in    municipal   af- 
fairs  (Dana),    198-201. 

—  and    the    schools:    an    analogy, 
177. 

—  and  the  Sunday  school,  411. 

—  as  a  continuation  of  the  school 
(Bowerman),    325-6. 

—  as  laboratory,   286. 

—  as  vocational  guide    (Freeman), 
179-83- 

—  assistants,  health  of,  216-7. 

—  associations.     See  State. 

—  athletics,   375. 

—  attitudes    of    public    toward    the 
(Thompson),    315. 

—  axioms,     165-6. 

—  branch      vs.       delivery      station 
(Bostwick),  391. 

—  buildings,    1912,    i. 

—  buildings,    report    of    A.    L.    A. 
committee     on     ventilation     and 
lighting,  469. 

—  campaign  to  show  cash  value  of, 
585- 

—  circulating    1.    for   blind,    115. 

—  circulation  at  long  range  (Bost- 
wick),   391-4. 

—  cooperation      between      1.      and 
bookstore     (Bowerman),    324-31. 

—  course  for  normal  schools,  203- 
5- 

—  courses  in  Moscow,   622. 

—  discipline,  300. 

—  dream  of  an  organizer  (Hume), 
513-8. 

—  economy,        accession        records 
(Bliss),  255-63-     . 

—  effect    of    commission    plan    of 
city    government    on,    65-6. 

—  effect  of  "movies"  on  the,   168. 
- —  effect  on  people's  reading,   385. 

6. 

—  etiquette,    592. 

—  exhibit   at    R.    I.    child    welfare 
conference    (Stillwell),  88-9. 

—  expenditures,       distribution      of 
university     (Johnston),    408. 

—  expenditures,  university  (Johns- 
ton),   143. 

—  extension,    experiments   in    (Ev- 
ans),   13-5. 

—  facilities,  amplification  of   (Leg- 
ler),  435- 

—  failures,    386. 

—  fire    insurance    rates,    report    of 
A.    L.    A.    committee   on,    469. 

— foreigners    and,    566,    610. 
— hours,    177-8. 

—  ideal    (Bacon),    251-5. 

—  in  a  penal  ^institution  (Robbins), 
24-5- 

—  in     commission-governed     cities 
(Tyler),   403-5- 

—  in  every  school  house   (slogan), 
583- 

—  influence  on  world's  work  (Leg- 
ler),  435-42. 

—  intelligent  use  of  the  (Menden- 
hall),    189-92. 

—  inter-1.    loans    (Hicks),    67-72. 
— invitation   cards   to,    585. 

—  joint   work  of  hiph  sch.   and   p. 
1.    in    relating    education    to    life 
']•>••<  man ),    T  70-83. 

—  legislation,    bailment,    533. 


—  legislation    in    1912    ^Eastman), 

22. 

—  model  private,  303. 

—  a  necessity  of  modern  business 
C  Kingsbury) ,    442-9. 

—  New     York's    municipal     rcftlr- 
ence   L,   270-2. 

—  obligation   imposed  by,  497-8. 

—  Phila.    Pedagogical    L.    and    the 
P.    S.     (.Liveright),    206-7. 

—  positions,  registration  for,  222-3. 

—  progress,    1912,    i. 

—  reference   work  in  small,   237-8. 

—  rpts.,    114. 

—  rpts.  (Moody),  263-6. 

—  rpts.,  index  to  (rev.),  5^2. 

—  representation,      unification     ui, 
497- 

—  schools,    development,    385. 

—  schools     hold     "Library     Day," 

—  schools,   list  of,   published,   700. 

—  schools,  specialization  in,  385. 

—  service,  special    (Lee),   564. 

—  social   survey  of,    169. 

— sound-proof    musical,    426. 

—  specialization,    433. 

—  standard      of     efficient     service 
(Thompson),  315-9;  edit.   313. 

—  systematic    training    in    use    of 
(Oyitz),   150-2. 

—  training,    424. 

- —  training,  education  of  the   mod- 
ern Ibn.,   114. 

—  training,    in    schools,    178. 

—  transfers,   374. 

—  trustees  and  the,   2. 

—  use   made  easy   (Babcock),    133- 
6. 

—  use  of  in  social  service   (Ketch- 
am),    406-7. 

—  use  of  phonograph  in,  386. 

—  use     of     public     documents     in 
small    (Luard),   402-3. 

—  week  at  Lake  George,  524-5. 

—  what  the  1.  can  do  for  the  farm 
woman    (Stearns),  449-53. 

—  \vhat  the  p.  1.  does  for  us,  374. 
— -  what    the    public    wants    of    the 

t,Bacon),  251-5. 

—  work,    efficiency    in     (Hitchler), 
558-61. 

—  \vork     exhibition,      Pratt      Inst., 
671. 

—  work,     importance     of    personal 
element    (Thompson),   318. 

—  work  in   Ontario,  281-2. 

—  work    of    trustees     in    a    large 
(Bowker),  3-7. 

—  work    of    trustees    in    a    small 
(Bowker),  663-6. 

—  work,    story    telling    as    feature 
of,    386. 

Library    Assistant,    The,    47,    in, 

164,   235,   299,   372,   423,   491. 
Library   Assistants'    Assoc.    of  Gr. 

Brit,   155-6. 
Library    Association    Record,    The, 

47,   in,   164,  235.  372,  423,  491, 

532.   699. 
Library  calendar    (dept.),  64,    128, 

176,    248,    312,    384,    432,    496, 

544,    592,   656,    704. 
Library  clubs  (dept),  40,  105,  159, 

227,    289,    359,    419,    483,    628, 

690. 
Library    Miscellany,    The   Baroda, 

164,  587- 

Library  Notes  and  News.     Minne- 
sota Public  Library  Commission, 

298. 

Library  Occurrent,  699. 
Library    of    Congress.        Additions 

to  special  collections  (Johnston), 

331-3- 

—  gift  of  autograph  letters,  54. 

—  rpt.,  30-1. 


714 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


Library  reports  (dept),  55,  119, 
171,  241,  307,  379,  428,  495,  539, 
589,  650. 

Library  schools  and  training  class- 
es (dept),  42,  108,  159,  229, 
290,  361,  419,  485,  530,  575, 
630,  691. 

Library  World,  The,  47,  112,  235, 
372,  423,  491,  532,  699. 

Lichtenstem,   Wa.,   538. 

—  Book  buying  experiences  in  Eu- 
rope,   77-81. 

Lincoln  (Kan.)   P.  L.,  gift,  305. 
Lincoln    (Neb.)    City  L.,  rpt,  495- 

—  Rosenburg  P.   L.,   rpt,    172. 
Link,    Ruth,^  494. 
Lippincott,    Emma,    704. 
Literature    for   children,    374-5. 

—  some    reference    books    of    1912 
(Mudge),    195. 

—  technical,   373. 

Little  Falls   (N.  Y.),  bequest,  649- 

—  gifts,  306. 

—  rpt.,    121. 

Little  Rock  (Ark.)  P.  L.,  gift, 
539- 

Littleton  (Mass.)  Reuben  Hoar  L., 
rpt,  309. 

Liveright,  Ada  F.  The  Philadel- 
phia Pedagogical  L.  and  the  pub- 
lic schools,  206-7. 

Liverpool  (Eng.)  Libraries,  Muse- 
ums and  Arts  Com.,  rpt.,  430. 

Livingston,   J.   W.,  484. 

Llantrisant,  Glam  (Eng.)  P.  L., 
gift,  87. 

Loan  desk  work,   114. 

Loans,  Inter-library  (Hicks),  67- 
72. 

Local   history   exhibition,    672. 

Locke,   G.   H.,   288. 

Lockhaven  (Pa.)  Annie  Halen- 
bake  Ross  L.,  rpt,  540. 

Long    Beach     (Cal.)     P.    L.,    rpt., 

121. 

Long,  Harriet  C.,  692. 

Long    Island    L.    Club,    105,    107, 

290,   361,   691. 
Longmont   (Colo.)   P.  L.,   gift,  87. 

—  opening    of    new    bldg.,    170. 
Los   Angeles    (Cal.)    P.    L.    Carne- 
gie L.   opened,   170. 

—  child  welfare  exhibit,  702. 

—  dept.    of   foreign   trade  to   have 
reference  1.,  702. 

—  gift,  306. 

—  motor  cycle  delivery,  374. 

—  new   branch   dedicated,    240. 

—  new   charter  defeated,    54. 

—  new  house,   492. 

—  plans   for   new  bldg.,   304. 

—  publicity   campaign,   239. 

—  rpt.,    589. 

— sound-proof    musical,    426. 

—  training  class,  644. 
Louisiana  State  L.  Assoc.,  54,  289. 
Louisville     (Ky.)     Colored    P.    L., 

—  F.   P.   L.,   decision  in  favor  of, 
"5- 

—  Jefferson  branch  opened,   240. 

—  P.   L.,   rpt.,  590. 

—  Law  L..  in  new     quarters,   115. 

—  Times,    library   page,    116. 
Love,  Mary  E.,  694. 

Lovi,    Henrietta,    494. 
Lowe,   T.  A.,  Mason  Memorial  L., 
565-  ~ 

—  The  relation  of  public  and  col- 
lege libs.,   394-9- 

Lowell,  Jas.  A.,   573,  630. 
Loyola  University   (New  Orleans, 
La.)   L.  dedication,  304. 

—  eift  of  law  1.,  539. 


Luard,  Lucy  D.  The  use  of  pub- 
lic documents  in  small  1.,  402-3. 

Lucas,   — ,   690. 

Lunt,   Georgianna,  378. 

Luttrell,  Laura  E.,  581. 

Lyndonville  (Vt.)  P.  L.,  pamphlet 
table,  304. 

Lynn  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  gift,  119, 
306. 

—  rpt.,   381. 

Lyon,    Dorothy,    289. 

Lyons  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  gift,  171, 
305- 


Maandblad  voor  Bibliotheekwesen, 
^99,  372,  424,  491,  533,  699. 

McAiieny,  G:  The  Municipal 
Reference  Library  as  an  aid  to 
city  administration,  509-13. 

McCarthy,  C:,   494,   537. 

McCauley,   Pauline   M.,    305. 

McClurg,  A.  C.,  &  Co.,  classified 
catalog,  53. 

McGill  University  Summer  L. 
Sen.  announcement,  233. 

Mcgleen,    Alma,    358. 

McKee,  Clara,   588,  633. 

McMinville  (Ore.)   P.  L.,  gift,  87. 

McKnight,  Mary  Kimball,  639. 

McNair,  — ,   288. 

McNeal,    Elizabeth,   37. 

MacVean,    Helen    C.,    640. 

Madison   (N    J.)    P.   L.,   rpt.,    172. 

Madison  (Wis.)  P.  L.,  dinner  to 
F.  A.  Hutchins,  116. 

—  rpt.,   1 21-2. 

Madison    (Wis.)    State   Hist.    Soc., 

gift,    704. 

Magazines.      See   Periodicals. 
Maine   L.   Assoc.,   38. 
Maine     L.      Commission — Summer 

Library        class — announcement, 

367- 

Maine  State  Library   bull.,   47. 
Maine    Teachers'    Assn. — Dept.    of 

Ls.    mtg.,   690. 
Maiden   (Mass.)    P.  L.,  gift,  306. 

—  1.  branch  opens,  647. 

—  rpt.,    309. 
Malone,  Eva  E.,  635. 
Malone,  Mary,   588. 

Maltby,    Mrs     Adelaide   B.,    160. 
Manchester   (N.  H.)    City  L.,  rpt., 
495- 

—  Carpenter   Memorial   L.    corner- 
stone laid,  492. 

—  Missing    books    returned    to    1., 
584- 

Manila,  P.  L,  Bu.  of  Science  L., 
rpt.,  430. 

Manitowoc  (Wis.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  122. 

Mann,  Margaret.  Cataloging  sys- 
tem at  the  Carnegie  L.  of  Pitts- 
burgh, 23-4. 

Marchand.    P.   Alfr.,   494. 

Marietta   (O.)    P.  L.,  gift,  305. 

—  rpt.,    122. 

Marinette     (Wis.)     Stephenson    P. 

L.,    rpt.,    540. 

Marquand,  Fanny  E.,   576. 
Marshalltown     (la.)     P.     L.,     rpt., 

172. 

Martin   (Tenn.)   P.  L.,  gift,  87. 
Marvin,     Cornelia,     Mem.     Council 

A.   L.   A.,  463. 
Maryland   P.   L.    Commission,   rpt., 

481. 
Maryland,    Univ.    of,    libs,    to    be 

consolidated,  699. 
Mason   City   (la.)    P.   L.,   rpt.,   173. 
Mason    Memorial    L.,    Great    Bar- 

rington,    Mass,     (illus.),    565. 
Massachusetts,    foreign    agent    for, 

425- 


Massachusetts  Gen.  Hospital,  Bos- 
ton (Mass)  Treadwell  L.,  rpt., 
244. 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Tech~ 
nology  Bulletin,  m. 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Tech- 
nology L.,  additions  to  special 
collections  (Johnston),  331-3. 

—  distribution       of       expenditures 
(Johnst9n),    408. 

—  expenditures    (Johnston),    143. 

—  gilts,  241,   539. 

—  rpt.,  244. 

Massachusetts  L.   Club,   102-4,  288, 

4i5-i8,    571-3,    687. 
Massachusetts    State    L.,    additions 

to  special  collections  (Johnston), 

33.I-3-     . 

—  discussion  concerning,  211. 

—  rpt.,    122. 
Masterson,  Adele,  692. 
Mattapoisett    (Mass.)    P.    L.,    rpt., 

244. 

Matthews,    Brander,    581. 
Matthews,    Etta  L.,   494. 
Matthews,   Jesse,   538. 
Mayes,  Olive.     Visual  presentation 

of  1.  work,  671. 
Mears,    Igerna  A.,  697. 
Memphis    (Tenn.)    P.   L.,   gift,  87- 
Men,  reading  for,  51-2. 
Mcnominee    (Mich.)     Spies    P.    L. 

rpt.,  495. 
Memphis    (Tenn.)    Cossitt  L.,   first 

branch  opened,  240. 

—  gift,    241. 
Mendenhall,    Ida    M.,    693. 

—  Training   in   the    use    of   books, 
189-92. 

Mercantile  Library  of  New  York 
(N.  Y.),  rpt,  244- 

Merced    (Cal.)    P.    L.,   gift,    171. 

Metallic  paper,  practicability  of, 
410-11. 

Metcalf,  J.  C.,  40. 

Metropolis  (111.)   P.  L.,  gift,  87. 

Metropolitan  Life  Insurance  L. 
(New  York),  additions  to  spe- 
cial collections  (Johnston),  331- 

Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art  L. 
(New  York),  additions  to  spe- 
cial collections  (Johnston),  331- 

Mexico    (Mo.)    P.    L.,    gift,   87. 

Michigan  Agric.  College  L.  dis- 
tribution of  expenditures  (Johns- 
ton), 408. 

—  expenditures   (Johnston),   143. 
Michigan  L.  Assoc.,   529,   573. 
Michigan   State  Board  of  L.   Corn- 


Michigan  State  L.  closed  for  re- 
pairs, 535. 

—  rpt.,  429. 

—  training  classes,    576. 
Michigan    State   Teachers'   Assn. — 

L.    Section  mtg.       686. 
Michigan    University    L.    distribu- 
tion of  expenditures  (Johnston), 
408. 

—  expenditures  (Johnston),   143. 
Michigan    University    Summer    L. 

Sch.,  233,  579. 

Mickens,   C.   W.,   686. 

Mid  Yell,  Shetland,  P.  L.,  gift, 
87. 

Middle  Western  Section — League 
of  Library  Commissions,  mid- 
winter meeting,  100-102. 

Middlebury  (Vtl)  College  Bulle- 
tin, 47. 

Milan.    Carl    H.,   692. 

Milford    (N.   H.)    F.   L.,  rpt,  244. 

MilW,   Edm.   W.,   584. 

Miller,   Zara   K.5   635. 

Miltitnore,    Cora,    358. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


715 


Milton    (.Pa.)    F.   L.   opens,   702. 
Milwaukee   L.    Club,   419,   691. 
Milwaukee  (Wis.)  P.  L.,  plans  for 
new  building  approved,   493. 

—  story  hour,   647. 
Minneapolis    (Minn.)    P.    L.,    gift, 

87,  .379,   4^8. 

—  social    survey,    169. 
Minnesota,   appropriation   for   state 

law  and  historical  lib.,  492. 

Minnesota,    Sen.    Hbs.   in,   282. 

Minnesota  P.  L.  Commission,  rpt, 
223-4. 

Minnesota  State  Historical  Soc., 
architect  chosen,  535. 

Minnesota  University  L.  distribu- 
tion of  expenditures  (Johnston), 
408. 

—  expenditures  (Johnston),  143. 
Minouk,  111.,   gift,   119. 
Mirick,    Lillian,    687. 

Missing   books    returned,    584. 
Mississippi  Agric.   and  Mech.   Col. 

L.    distribution    of    expenditures 

(Johnston),  408. 

—  expenditures  (Johnston),   143. 

—  rpt.,   381. 

Mississippi      State     Normal      Coll. 

may  get  L,  699. 
Mississippi  Univ.  L.,  gift  of  law  1., 

379- 

Missoula  (Mont.)  P.  L.  gift,  87. 
Missouri  Alumnus,   The,  372. 
Missouri  L.  Assoc.,   575,  682,  683. 
Missouri    Univ.    L.    distribution   of 

expenditures    (Johnston),    408. 

—  expenditures   (Johnston),   143. 
Mitchell,     Dr.     S:     Weir,    address 

at  J:  S.  Billings  mem.  mtg.,  334. 
Mitchell,    Marguerite,    694. 
Modern    Historic    Records    Assoc., 

287. 

Montana  State  L.  Assoc.  mtg.,  104. 
Mcrtclair   (N.  J.)   to  have  new  L, 

702. 

—  rpt.,  309. 

Montgomery,  T:   L.,  360. 
Montpelier    (Vt.)    L.   lists  increase 

circulation,  304. 

Montpelier  (Vt.),  mtg.  of  Wash- 
ington Co.  Ibns.,  587. 

Montreal  (Can.)  Fraser  Inst.  F. 
P.  L.,  rpt.,  383- 

Moody,  Katharine  Twining,  582- 

—  Library    rpts.    from   a    frivolous 
point  of  view,  263-6. 

Moore.   Alice  K.,    572,   630. 
Moore,    Annie    Carroll.      The   chil- 
dren's   1.    of    Stockholm,    145. 

—  What  the  community   is   asking 
of  the  dept.   of  children's  work, 
595- 

Moore.  Mabel  Beatrice,  639. 

Moore,  W.    F.,   288. 

Mooresvilie  and  Brown  Townships 

(Ind.)    P.  L.,   gift,  305. 
Moravia   (N.   Y.)    Powers  L.,   rpt., 

340. 

Morey,  E.  Jennie,  death  of,  170. 
Morgan,    Edith   M.,   694- 
Morgan,    T.    P.,    collection,    699. 
Morgan,  Lucy  L.,  581. 
Morris,    Alice,    635. 
Morris,    Louise    R..    241. 
Morris    (111.)    P.    L.,    gift,   87. 
Morrison,    Ella,   death   of,    170. 
Morris-town  (N.  T.)   F.  P.  L.,  rpt, 

309- 

Mortland,    Inez.    289. 
Morton,  Mary  E.,  692. 
Moscow,    Library   courses   in,   622. 

—  L.  museum  at,  678. 
Moseley,    G:    Carrington,   40. 
Moulton,   J:   G.,   417;    57*- 
Mount    Clemens     (Mich.)     P.    L., 

rpt.,  122. 


"Movies,"   effect  on  the  1.,   168. 

—  the  1.  and  the  (Hume),  277-9. 
Moving    picture    censors,    1.    trus- 

tees as,   375. 
Mudge,   Isadore   G.,    360. 

—  Some   reference   books   of    1912, 
192-8. 

Mulheron,    Annie,    588. 
Multnomah   Library   Club,   290. 
Mumford,    E:    W.      The    librarian 

and    the    bookseller,    136-42. 
Munim,    Beulah,    581. 
Municipal      documents,      American 

(Kaiser),    453-6. 
Municipal  Journal,  698. 
Municipal  ref.  1.  as  an  aid  to  city 

administration    (McAneny),   509- 

J3- 

Municipal  ref.  1.    (Buffalo),  240. 
Municipal    ref.    1.    (Chicago),    425. 
Municipal  ref.  1.  (New  York),  270- 

2. 
Municipality,    the    1.    and   its   rela- 

tion to  (Bostwick),  456-7. 
Murray,   Clara  L.,  698. 
Music    dept.    extension,    585. 
Music,  sheet,  in  envelopes,  584. 
Musical   1.    sound-proof,   426. 
Muskogee   (Okla.)    P.  L.,  gift,  87. 


Napoleon  (O.)  P.  L.,  bldg.  opened, 

-1&  8,. 

Nashville  (Tenn.)  Colored  L.,  374- 

-  P.  L.  gift,  87. 
--  rpt.,   309. 
Nason,    Sabra   L.,    305. 
National  Carbon  Co.  L.,  Cleveland 

(O.),     replies     to     special     libs. 

questionnaire,  401. 
National      Council      of      Teachers 

forms  L.  Dept,  622. 
National     Educ.     Assn.  —  L.     Dept. 

(Hall),    568-71. 

—  announcement   of   mtgs.,    219. 

—  mtg.,    348. 

—  plans,     178. 

National  L.  for  the  Blind,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.,  115,  491. 

National  Park  Seminary  L.,  For- 
est Glen.  Md.,  collection  of  20,- 
ooo  vols.  (Greenman),  186. 

Naughton,   Jane,   361 

Navesink  (N.  J.)  L.  A.  to  be  or- 
ganized, 702. 

Navy   libs.,   375-6. 

Nebraska   L.    A.    mtg.,   628. 

Nebraska  P.  L.  Commission  bien- 
nial rpt,  34. 

Nebraska  University  L.  expendi- 
tures (Johnston),  143. 

—  distribution       of       expenditures 
(Johnston),  408. 

Nestos,  R.  A.,  687. 
Nevada   University   L.   distribution 
of  expenditures  (Johnston),  408. 

—  expenditures   (Johnston),    143. 
New  Bedford   (Mass.)   P.  L.,  rpt., 

381. 

•  —  series  of  short  reviews  by  read- 

ers,  238. 
New  Britain   (Conn.)   Institute  L, 

rpt.,    429- 
New   Brunswick   (N.   J.)   F.    P.    I.  .. 

rpt..   381. 

—  to  publish  bulletin,  702. 

New     England     Club     of     Library 

Commission  Workers,  mtg.,   157* 

8. 
New    England    College    Librarians' 

mtg.,   346-7. 
New      England     Conservatory      of 

Music   L.,    376. 
New  Hamburg   (Ont.)    P.  L.,  gift, 

87. 


New   Plampshire  Public   Libraries, 

New   Haven   (Conn.)    Colony  His- 
torical   Society,    rpt.,    244. 
New  Haven  (Conn.)   F.  P.  L.,  54. 

—  gift,    305. 

—  rpt,  650. 

New  Jersey  L.  A.,  217-9;  627. 
New  Jersey  Library   Bulletin,   47, 

299. 

New  Jersey  L.  Club,  691. 
New    Jersey     P.     L      Commission, 

rpt,   158. 
New    Jersey     State    L.,    Trenton, 

rpt,    173. 
New    Orleans    (La.),    Jesuit    High 

School    L.,    collection    of    20,000 

vols.     (Greenman),     186. 
• —  P.    L.,    gift,   87,    306. 

rpt,  429. 

New  Rochelle  (N.  Y.)   P    L.,  gift, 

306. 
New  York   (N.  Y.)   Association  of 

the   Bar  L.,   additions  to  special 

collections  (Johnston),  331-3. 

—  gift,    241. 

New  York  (N.  Y.)  Academy  of 
Medicine  L.  needs  $500,000,  426. 

New  York  (N.  Y.)  Botanical  Gar- 
den L.,  additions  to  special  col- 
lections (Johnston),  331-3. 

—  rpt.,    309. 

New  York  City  College  L.,  dedi- 
cation of  German  L,  301. 

—  distribution       of       expenditures 
(Johnston),  408. 

—  expenditures   (Johnston),   143. 

—  need  for  new  building,    168. 
New  York  Libraries,  47,  235,  490. 
New   York    L.    Assoc.,    104,    623-6. 
New   York   L.    Club,    105  7,    227-8, 

359-6o,   628,   691. 

New  York  (N.  Y.)  Cooper  Union 
L.,  rpt,  122. 

New  York  (N.  Y.)  High  School 
Librarians'  Assoc.  mtg.,  226. 

New  York  (N.  Y.)  high  sch.  libra- 
rians' salary,  646. 

New  York  (N.  Y.)  lecture  system, 
284. 

New  York  (N.  Y.)  legislative  bu- 
reau and  1.,  86. 

New  York  (N.  Y.)  Municipal  Ref- 
erence Library,  250,  270-2. 

New  York  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  addi- 
tions to  special  collections 
(Johnston),  331-3. 

—  as    illustrating    Amer.    methods, 
424. 

—  city  planning  exhibition,    700. 

—  custodian    for    Modern    Historic 
Records  Assoc.,  287. 

—  etching  process  exhibit,   702. 

—  etchings  exhibit,   168. 

—  5   new  branches,  585,  647. 

—  Fort  Washington  branch  begun, 
240. 

••ift   of  books  and  mss.,  539. 

—  llrliivu    division,    1587. 

—  Miller   (A.   T.)  exhibit,   587. 

—  i op    Chinese  books  rec'd,   647. 

—  print   exhibits,    300-1. 

—  spirit  of,   129. 

by   MacMonnics,   303. 
•-•rnups     by    Barnard     pur- 
<\,   92. 
-  vi.rk  in   1912,   153-4. 

—  See    also    Brooklyn      (N.     Y.) ; 
Queens  Borough  (N.  Y.). 

New  York  (N.  Y.)   P.  L.  L.  sch., 

42,   108,  159,  232,  294,  563,  419, 

531,  636,  697. 
New    York    (N.    Y.)     sch.    b'dgs. 

for  1.  purposes,  303. 
New    York     (N.     Y.)     sch.     libs., 

207-8. 


7i6 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  - 


New  York  (N.  Y.)  sch.  libs.,  most 

popular  books    (Leland),   208-10. 
New    York    R.    R.    Y.    M.    C.    A., 

L.   gift,  306. 
New  York  School  of  Philanthropy 

Bull.,   164. 
New    York    State    libs    since    the 

fire,  283. 
New    York    State    L.    Assoc.,    358, 

525. 
New   York    State   L.,   additions   to 

special      collections       (ohnston), 

331-3- 

— handbook,    536. 

— transformation,  272-5. 

New  York  State  L.  Sch.,  43,  54, 
109,  161,  229,  290,  361,  484, 
485.  575.  630,  691. 

New  York  State  Teachers'  Assoc. 
— 1.  section,  32-4. 

New  York  University  L.,  expendi- 
tures (Johnston),  143. 

Newark  (N.  J.)  art  museum  pro- 
jected, 647. 

—  children's    exhibit    room,    702. 
Newark   (N.  J.)   P.  L.,  gift,   119. 

—  Has  investment  paid?   51, 

—  rpt.,    244,    590. 

—  sculpture  exhibition,  300. 
Neivarker,    The,   47,    164,   299. 
Xewberry  L.     See  Chicago. 
Newcastle    (Ore.)    P.   L.,   gift,   87. 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne  (Eng)  P.  L., 

rpt..    174,   651. 
Newport  (R.  I.)   People's  L.,  gift, 

119. 
Newport  (R.   I.)     Redwood  L.  to 

have    new    room,    649. 

—  rpt.,   651. 

News  Notes  of  California  Libra- 
ries, 490. 

Newspaper  cooperation  in  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.,  115. 

—  libs.,   373,    148-50. 

—  preservation  of,  2,  53. 
Newspapers,  preservation  of  (Nor- 

ris),    16-20. 
Newton    (Mass.)    P.   L.,   gift,   306. 

—  rpt.,  309. 

Newtown    (Pa.)   L.   Co.   mtg.,   702. 

Nixon,  Eliz.,  696. 

Noah  Webster  Memorial  L.  See 
West  Hartford  (Conn.)  P.  L. 

Nobleville  (Ind.)  dedication  of 
Carnegie  L.,  377. 

Nolin,   Ethel  I.,  40. 

Normal  sch.  Ibns.  of  the  middle 
west,  mtg.,  156-7. 

Normal  sch.  Ibns.  round  table,  474. 

Norris,  J:  Preservation  of  pa- 
per, 16-20. 

North  Adams  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  rpt., 
245. 

North  Anson  (Me.)  Foster  P.  L., 
gift,  539. 

North  Carolina,  $1,500  appropria- 
tion for  traveling  libs.,  374. 

—  school    libs.,    535. 

North     Carolina     L.     Com.,     rpt., 

526-7. 
North   Carolina   State   L.,   Raleigh, 

rpt,    173. 

North  Carolina  Univ.  L.,  addi- 
tions to  special  collections 
(Johnston),  331-3. 

—  rpt.,   173. 

North    Dakota   L.   Assoc.,    687. 

North  Dakota  P.  L;  Com.,  rpt., 
415- 

North  Dakota  State  L.   Com.,  34. 

North  Portland  (Ore.)  P.  L.  re- 
moval, 240. 

Northampton    (Mass.)    Forbes    L., 

n>t.,  381,  541. 

Northern  N.  Y.   L.   Club,  360-1. 
Northey,    Delia,    482. 


Northwestern  School  of  Librarian- 
ship,  Eng.,  427. 

Northwestern  University  L.,  dis- 
tribution of  expenditures  (Johns- 
ton), 408. 

— expenditures    (Johnston),    143. 

—  rpt.,    121. 

Norwegian    L.    Assoc.,    682. 
Norwich   (Eng.)   P.  L.,  rpt.,  430. 
Norwich      (Ct.)      Free     Academy, 

Peck     L.,     collection     of     15,000 
vols.    (Greenman),    186. 

—  Otis    L.,    rpt.,    651. 

Norwich    (N.    Y.)    Guernsey   Mem. 

L.,    rpt.,    309. 
Norwich  University  L.,  Northfield, 

Vt.,    rpt.,   496. 

Notation,    Elements    of,    236-7. 
Notes   and   news    (dept),    52,    114, 

167,     238,    300,     374,     425,    491, 

534,    £.83,    646,    699- 
Nottingham     (Eng.)     P.     L.,     rpt., 

430. 

Notz,  Cornelia,   118. 
Nutley    (N.  J.),   gift,   305. 

—  Carnegie    1.    progressing,    647. 

Oakland    (Cal.)    F.    L.,    rpt,    122, 

590. 

Oakland  (Ind.)  P.  L.,  gift,  87. 
Oakland  (Me.)  P.  L.,  gift,  87. 
Oberlin  College  L.,  distribution  of 

expenditures    (Johnston),   408. 

—  expenditures  (Johnston),   143. 

—  gift,    307. 

—  rpt.,    173. 

Oberly,    Eunice    R.,    37. 

Ocala    (Fla.)    P.   L.,   gift,   87. 

Occupations  of  1.  borrowers,  Ger- 
many, 15. 

Oesterreichische  Zeitschrift  fur 
Bibliotheksivesen,  424. 

Ohio.  Carnegie  asked  to  aid  libs, 
damaged  by  flood,  536 

Ohio    L.    Assoc.,   687. 

Ohio  1.  suit,  674. 

Ohio  libs,  in  the  flood  (Clat- 
worthy),  602-7;  edit.  594. 

Ohio  State  University  L.,  distri- 
bution of  expenditures  (Johns- 
ton), 408. 

—  expenditures   (Johnston),   14-?. 
Oil    City     (Pa.)     Carnegie    P.    L., 

rpt,  309. 

Oklahoma,   1.   com.    for,    115. 

Oklahoma   L.    Assoc.,   358. 

Oklahoma  University  L.  distribu- 
tion of  expenditures  (Johnston), 
408. 

—  expenditures    (Johnston),    143. 
Olcott,      Frances     Jenkins.        The 

children's    reading,    297. 

Old    Colony    L.    Club,    41,    290. 

Olean   (N.  Y.)   P.  L.,  rpt,   122. 

Oliver,    Celeste,    577. 

Olmsted,  Gertrude,  698. 

Omaha  (Neb.)  library  pensions, 
699. 

Omaha  (Neb.)   P.  L.,  rpt,  245. 

On  an  order  record  by  funds 
(Drury),  22-3. 

O'Neill,  Louis.  The  insular  1.  of 
Porto  Rico;  its  history  and  de- 
velopment, 519-22. 

Oneonta   (N.  Y.)    P.  L.,  rpt.,  541. 

Ontario,    L.    work   in,    281-2. 

Ontario    (Ore.)    P.    L.,    gift,   87. 

Ontario  County  (N.  Y.)  Histor- 
ical Soc.  awards  bldg  contract, 
536. 

Ontario  County  (N.  Y.)  Histor- 
ical Soc.  and  Wood  L.  Assoc., 
Rift,  378. 

Ontario    L.    Assoc.,    287-8. 

Open   shelf  system,   England,    166. 

Orange  (N.  J.)  F.  L.,  rpt,  245. 

Order    record    by    funds    (Drury), 

22-3. 


Oregon  L.  Com.,  biennial  rpt,  223. 

Oregon    State    L.,   rpt,    173. 

Organization,  Dream  of  an  organ- 
izer (Hume),  513-8. 

Ormes,    Manly    D.,    37 

Oroville  (Cal.)  Carnegie  1.  opened, 
647. 

Osborne   (Kan.)   P.  L.,  gift,  87. 

Osborne    (O.)    P.   L.   opened,   493. 

Osgood,  Mary  A.,  305. 

Osgood  Town  and  Center  Town- 
ship, gift,  305. 

Oshkosh  (Wis.)  P.  L.,  gift  of 
statuary,  241. 

Osier,  Sir  W:,  address  at  J.  S. 
Billings  mem.  mtg.,  334-5.  . 

Ossining  (N.  Y.)   P.  L.,  rpt,   541. 

Otlet,   Paul,  626. 

Ottawa    (Can.)    P.   L.,  rpt,  651. 

Ottumwa  (la.)   P.  L.,  rpt,  430. 

Ovid    (N.    Y.)    P.   L.,   gift,   119. 

Ovitz,    Delia   G.,   419. 

—  Systematic    training   for    obtain- 
ing information,   150-2. 

Owen,  T:  M.,  35-6. 

Owosso,      Mich.,      bldg.      contract 

awarded,  587. 
— 1.    cornerstone    laid,    702. 

—  1     accepts   Carnegie   gift,   428. 
Oyster    Bay    (N.    Y.)    F.    L.,    rpt, 


Pacific    Northwest   L.    Assoc.,    289, 

482. 

Paddock,   Alice   M.,   704. 
Paddy's      Run      (Cincinnati,      O.) 

Libs.,  51. 
Paducah     (Ky.)     Carnegie    P.    L., 

rpt.,    173. 

Page,   Annie   F.,    118. 
Painesville    (O.)    Morley    L.,    rpt., 

Palestine   (Tex.)  P.  L.  bldg.  start- 
ed,  537. 

—  gift,    87. 

Palmer,    Margaret,   633. 

Pansy    Patterson    attends   Kaaters- 

kill  conference,  480. 
Paoli    (Ind.)    P.   L.,  gift,  305. 
Paper,    practicability    of    metallic, 

410-11. 

Parcels  post  and  libraries,   130. 
Parcels  post,   books  and  the,   498. 
Parker,  Cora,  694. 
Parker,    J:,    494. 

Parowan    (Utah)    P.    L.,   gift,   305. 
Pasadena  (Cal.)   P.  L.,  rpt,   173. 
Passaic    (N.    J.)    P.    L.,    part    in 

working  papers,  301. 

—  rpt.,   56. 

Patent  office.     See  British. 
Paterson     (N.    J.)     Danforth     L., 

rpt,    541. 
Paulding  Co.   (O.)   P.  L.,  gift,  87, 

307- 
Pawtucket    (R.    I.)    Deborah    Cook 

Sayles  P.   L-,  rpt.,  381. 
Peabody,   Kan.      Work  on   new   1. 

begun,  587. 
Peabody     (Mass.)     Institute,    rpt, 

309- 
Peace    Dale    (R.    I.)    Narragansett 

L.  Assoc.,  56. 
Peace,  world,  A  school  reading  list 

en,   169. 

Peacock.   Jos.   L.,  483. 
Peay,  Keats,  648. 
Peck,    Harriet   R.,    485,    626. 
Peck,  Mrs.  Wilda  Strong,  697. 
Pedagogical    Library    of    Philadel- 
phia    and     the     public     schools 

(Liveright),   206-7. 
Peddie,    R.    A.      Engineering    and 

metallurgical  books.  164. 
Pembroke  ^U.   D.   C.    (Ire.)    Prf   L.,. 

gift,    87. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


717 


Penal  institution,  L.  in  a  (Rob- 
bins),  24-5. 

Penn  Yan  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  496. 

Pennell,  Jos.  Panama  Canal  pic- 
tures, 53. 

Penney,  Clara,  578. 

Pennsylvania    Free    L.    Com.,    224. 

Pennsylvania  L.  Club,  90,  107,  159, 
217,  360. 

Pennsylvania  Library  Notes,  47, 
423,  532. 

Pennsylvania  State  College  L.,  dis- 
tribution of  expenditures  (Johns- 
ton),  40.8. 

—  expenditures   (Johnston),   143. 

Pennsylvania  University  L.,  addi- 
tions to  special  collections 
(Johnston),  331-3. 

—  distribution       of       expenditures 
(Johnston),    408. 

—  expenditures    (Johnston),    143. 
Pension    fund    system,    28-9. 
Pensions  for  1.  employes  (Omaha), 

699. 
Peoria     (III.)     P.     L.,    Avery    Co. 

urges   use   of,    584. 
Pepperell     (Mass.)     Lawrence     L., 

gift,   428. 

Perforated   index   cards,    5.19. 
Ferine,   Katharine   S.,   361. 
Periodical      and      other      literature 

(dept.),   47,    in,    164,   235,    298, 

372,    423,   490,    532,    698. 
Periodical    indexes — a    reply,    591. 
Periodicals    and    newspapers,    some 

reference        books        of        1912 

(Mudge),    102 

Periodicals,    sch.    use    of,    238-9. 
Perkiomen    Seminary,     Pennsbury, 

Pa.,  gift,   307. 
Perott,    Joseph    de,    592 
Perris    (Cal.)    1.    open,    647. 
Perry    (N.   Y.)    P.    L.,  gift,   87. 
Perry     (Okla.)     P.    L.    Assoc.    vs. 

Lobsitz,    537. 
Peters,  Aimel  M.,  640. 
Peters,  Mary  G.,  218. 
Peterson,   Agnes,   361. 
Pfeiffer,   Sara  M.,   305. 
Phelps,  Anna  R.,  692. 
Philadelphia  (Pa.)  Academy  of  Na- 
tional Sciences  proceedings,   117. 

—  rpt.,   310. 

Philadelphia    (Pa.)    Apprentices'  L. 

Co.,  rpt.,  541. 
Philadelphia    (Pa.)    City    Institute, 

rpt.,    245. 
Philadelphia  (Pa.)  Institute  F.  L., 

Sift,   379- 
Philadelphia    (Pa.)    Mercantile    L., 

rpt.,   122. 
Philadelphia    (Pa.)    Pedagogical   L. 

and     the     public     schools     (Liv- 

eright),  206-7. 
Philippine    Library     Bulletin,     47, 

164. 
Phillips,    D.    Rhys.      The    romantic 

history   of  the  monastic   libs,    of 

Wales,     from    the    fifth    to    the 

sixteenth    centuries,    233-4. 
Phillips,  Irene,  538. 
Phillips     Exeter     Academy,     Davis 

Mem.     L.     (Tilton),    84-5- 

—  new  1.  bldg.'  worth  $70,000,  col- 
lection   of    9,000    vols.     (Green- 
man),   186. 

Phillips  Academy,  Andover 
(Mass.)  L.,  rpt.,  173. 

Phillips  University  L.,  Enid, 
Okla.,  gift,  379- 

Phoenixville  (Pa.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  122. 
651. 

Phonograph,  use  in  1.,  386. 

Photostat  in  the  legislative  refer- 
ence dept.  of  the  Ct.  State  L., 
410. 


Pickerington    (O.)    P.  L.,   gift,  87. 

Picture    collections,    424. 

Picture    postal    collection,    375. 

Fidgeon,    Marie    K.,    576. 

Pierce,    Marian,    695. 

Pillsbury,    Mary    B.,   578 

Pitcher,    Ethel,  635. 

Pittsburgh  (Pa.),  Alleghany  Co. 
Law  L.,  rpt.,  307. 

Pittsburgh  (Pa.)  Carnegie  L.,  ad- 
ditions to  special  collections 
(Johnston),  331-3. 

—  cataloging  system  (Mann),  23-4. 

—  debate   index,   54. 

—  gift  to   Northside   L.,  379. 

—  rpt.,  469. 

Pittsburgh  (Pa.)  Carnegie  L. 
training  sch.  for  children's  llris., 
43,  no,  162,  230,  291,  ^65, 
6^8,  6«>5. 

Pittsfield  (Mass.)  Berkshire  Ath- 
enaeum and  Museum,  rpt.,  496. 

Plainfield  (N.  J.)  P.  L.,  formal 
exercises,  240. 

Plea  for  a  reference  book  com- 
mission (Lee),  615-6. 

Pleasant  Valley  (N.  Y.)  F.  L. 
pub.,  583. 

Plummer,  Mary  W.,  360. 

Plymouth  (Ind.)  P.  L.,  gift,  305-7. 

Poetry,    American,    query,    239-40. 

Pollard,  Alfred  W.  Fine  books, 
368-9. 

Pollard,  Annie  A.,  574. 

Pomeroy    (O.)    P.   L.,   gift,   87. 

Pomona  (Cal.)  P.  L.,  rpt,  381, 
590. 

Port  Deposit  (Md.)  Jacob  Tome 
Institute  L.,  rpt.,  245. 

Port  Huron  (Mich.)  P.  L.,  phono- 
graph concerts,  167. 

—  rpt.,    651. 

Port   Jervis    (N.    Y.)    F.    L.,   rpt., 

430. 
Port    Townsend     (Wash.)     P.    L., 

gift,  87. 

Porter,   Annabel,    578. 
Porter,  Mrs.   Cora  Case,   358,  588. 
Portland    (Me.)    Boys'    Club,    gift, 

537- 
Portland    (Me.)     P.    L.,    rpt,    56, 

590. 
Portland    (Ore.)     L.    Assoc.,    rpt., 

122-3. 
Portland  (Ore.)  P.  L.,  gift,  87. 

—  municipal   ref.    1.,   427. 

—  new    1.    opened,    587. 

Porto  Rico,  the  insular  1. ;  its 
hist,  and  development  (O'Neill), 
519-22. 

Portsmouth  (Eng.)  County  Bor- 
ough F.  P.  L.,  rpt,  174. 

Potchefstroom  (South  Africa)  P. 
L.,  gift,  87. 

Totter.    Hope,    635. 

Pottsville  (Pa.)  P.  L.,  history  lad- 
der, 412. 

Poughkcepsie  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  rpt., 
123. 

Prairie  du  Sac  (Wis.)  P.  L.,  gift, 
307- 

Pratt   Inst.    F.    L.     See  Brooklyn. 

Pratt  Institute  L.  Sch.,  44,  109, 
160,  230,  291,  362,  486,  632, 
692. 

--works   exhibit.   671. 

Preliminary  Report  of  Committee 
of  Fifteen,  164. 

Pn  '^bnrg,  Hungary,  Jewish  1. 
saved,  426. 

Price,    Anna    May.    427. 

Price   (Utah)    P.  L.,  gift,  305. 

Prince,   H:   C,    118. 


Princeton  University  L.  distribu- 
tion of  expenditures  (Johnston), 
408. 

—  expenditures   (Johnston),  143. 

—  special    collections,    425. 

Print     collections     in     small     libs.. 

533-4. 
Print     the     world     of,     and     the 

world's  work  (Legler),  435-42. 
Printing,    government,   434. 
Printing,  Relation  of  reading  habit 

to   invention   of,   409-10. 
Prison  libs.,  85-6. 
Prison  libs,   in  Germany,   54. 
Prison   schools,    Results   from  libs. 

in,    491-2. 

Prison,    technical    1.    for,    425 
Proctor    (Vt.)     P.    L.,    new    bldg. 

opened,   377. 
Providence    (R.    I.),    gift,    119. 

—  35th  anniversary,  170. 

—  rpt,   381-2. 

—  Westerly    P.    L.,    rpt,    590. 
Public   documents,   some   reference 

books   of    1912    (Mudge),    197. 

Public  Libraries,  47,  in,  164,  235, 
299,  372,  423,  490. 

Public  1  movement  in  the  U.  S. 
(rev.),'  698. 

Public  1.  section — child  welfare 
exhibit  (Yust),  344-5. 

Public  Libraries,   698. 

Public    records,    51. 

Public  taste,  The  librarian  and, 
424. 

Publicity,  campaign  in  Los  An- 
geles, 239. 

—  in    trunicipal   affairs,    The    p.    1. 
and    (Dana).    198-201. 

— measures,  426. 

—  Miethods  of   (Thompson),  315-9. 

—  See  also  Advertising. 

Purdue  University   L..   distribution 
of  expenditures  (Johnston),  408. 
— i  expenditures     (Johnston),     143. 
Purnell,    H.    Rutherford,    240. 
Putnam,    Herb.,    463. 

—  American   libs,    and   the  investi- 
gator, 275-7. 

Puyallup    (Wash.)    P.   L.,   gift,  87. 

Queens  Borough  (N.  Y.)  P.  L., 
rpt,  495-6. 

—  situation,    89-90. 

—  vacancy,  54. 
Queries  (dept.),  656. 

Quincy  (Mass.)  Thomas  Crane  P. 
L.,  rpt,  310. 


Radcliffe,    Alice,    419. 

Radclift'e  (Eng.)  P.  L.,  gift,  87, 
306. 

Radford,    Mary    R.,    358. 

Rahway    (N.   J.)    P.  'L.,   gift,   494- 

Railroad    bibliography,     168. 

Ranck,  Mrs.  S:  H.  Books  on 
the  care  of  babies,  600;  edit. 
593- 

Randolph  (Mass.)   P.  L.,  rpt.,  310. 

Raney,  M.  Llewellyn,  Gilman 
Hall.  607. 

Rankin,   Rrbecca  B.,   578. 

Ransom,    Mrs.    704. 

Rea,   Robt,  378. 

Read,  Helen  S.,  305. 

Readers'  Guide  to  Periodical  Lit- 
erature, Supplement,  369-71. 

Reading.  Books,  their  use  and 
abuse,  ?i. 

—  does     artisan     appreciate     good 
lilrr.-.tnro     ('Galloway).    143-4. 

—  experiment   with  classics,    145-6. 

—  for  men,  51. 

—  hieh    school.    2.-?  7. 

—  list   on    world   peace,    169. 


7i8 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


Reading.      Miss    Hewins    and    her 
class      in      children's       reading 
(Wright),  210-11. 
•  —  outside  cultural,  300. 

—  the    people's    (Bailey),    387-9-; 
edit.    385- 

—  relation   of  printing   to,   409-10. 

—  rooms  for  women,  236. 

—  summer    scheme,    375. 

—  value   of    (Bacon),    251-5. 
Reading    (Pa.)    P.    L.,    dedication 

of  Carnegie  L.,  377,  427. 

—  gift,   241,   305. 

—  new  branches  to  be  opened,  647- 
Reading   (Vt.)   P.   L.,   gift,  307- 
Records,  imperishable    (Kunz),  25. 
Redbank    (N.   J.),   1.   opened,    587- 
Redlands    (Cal.)   A.   K.   Smiley  P. 

L.,   rpt.,    123,   590. 

Redstone,  E.  H.,   704. 

Reed,    Lois    Antoinette,    485,    494- 

Reedsburg  (Wis.)  P.  L.,  gift,  307- 

Reference  book  commission,  Plea 
for,  615-6. 

Reference  books  of  1912  (Mudge), 
192-8. 

Reference   libns.   round  table,   472. 

Reference  material,  Free  and  in- 
expensive (Walter),  8-12. 

Reference  work  in  the  small  L, 
237-8. 

Regina  (Sask.)    P.   L.,  gift,  87. 

• — rpt.,    310. 

Reichardt,  Eva,  287. 

Religion,  some  reference  books  of 
1912  (Mudge),  193-4- 

Renz,  Myrtle  A.,  694. 

Reregistration,   424. 

Reservations,  373. 

Review,   A  bureau   of    (lies),   319- 

Reviews  (dept.)  46,  in,  163,  233, 
295,  367,  421,  581,  644,  698. 

Re-vista  de  la  Biblioteca  National, 
164. 

Rex,  F:   492. 

Rhinecliff  '(N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  gift,  306. 

Rlioades,    Rachel,    633. 

Rhode  Island  child  welfare  con- 
ference library  exhibit  (Still- 
well),  88-9. 

Rhode  Island  L.  Assoc.,  38,  158, 
482. 

Rhode  Island  P.   L.,   gift,  307. 

Rice,    Edna    D.,    483. 

Rich,    Jacob,    648. 

Richardson,  Ernest  Gushing.  Clas- 
sification, theoretical  and  prac- 
tical, 297-8. 

Richardson,   Louise,   633. 

Richmond    (Utah)    P.   L.,   gift,   87. 

Richmond  (Va.)  P.  L.,  plans  for, 
169. 

Ridgway,  F.  H.  Classification 
for  agriculture  literature,  561-3. 

Rights  of  the  users  of  a  college 
and  university  1.  and  how  to 
preserve  them,  113. 

Riverside  (Cal.)  P.  L.  summer 
sch..  703. 

Roachdale  Town  and  Franklin 
Township  (Ind.),  gift,  305. 

Robbins,  G.  E.  A  1.  in  a  penal  in- 
stitution, 24-5. 

Robbing,    Mary    Esther,    378. 

Roberts.    Alma    R.,    704. 

Roberts,    Blanche    C.,    690. 

Roberts,   Flora  B.,   305,   378. 

Roberts,    W.,    581. 

Robinson,    Julia    A.,    538,    642. 

Robinson,  Otis  Hall,  death  of,  118. 

Robson,    Gertrude    E.,    577. 

Rochester  child  welfare  exhibit — 
P.  L.  section  (Yust),  344-5' 

Rochester  District  L.  Club,  41, 
107. 


Rochester  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  Board 
strengthened,  301. 

—  branch    opens,    647. 

—  1.     rooms    in     summer    schools, 
492. 

—  rpt.,    382. 

—  Reynolds  L.,  rpt.,  541. 
Rockford   (111.)   P.   L.,  rpt,  541. 
Rcckville   (Ct.)   P.  L.,  gift,  171. 
Rockwell,  Helen  E.,  588. 
Rodgers,    Louise    Willard,    636. 
Rood,  Emma,  539. 

Root,    Mrs.    G     F.,    494. 

Rome   (N.  Y.)   P.  L.,  gift,  306. 

Roper,    Eleanor,    361. 

Resell,    Ida,    378. 

Rosebery,  Lord,  speaks  on  lit- 
erary hypocrisy,  53. 

Rosholt,    Ruth,    632. 

Roth,    Lena,    378. 

Rothrock,    Mary   U.,  632. 

Routzahn,  E.  G.  Concerning  so- 
cial and  civic  material,  27. 

Rowley  Regis  (Eng.)  P.  L.,  gift, 
306. 

Ruckteshler,   N.    Louise,   484. 

Ruddy,  H.   S.,   581. 

Rupert,    Joseph,    690. 

Rushville    (111.)    P.    L.,   gift,  87. 

Russell    (N.   Y.)    P.   L.,   gift,   306. 

Russell  Sage  Foundation,  54. 

Russia.     Sse  Moscow. 

Russian  L.   Assoc.,   677. 

Rutgers  College  L.,  New  Bruns- 
wick (N.  Y.),  gift,  119,  649. 

Rutland,  J.  R.,  35. 

Rutland    (Vt.)    P.   L.,   gift,  428. 

—  rpt.,    245. 
Ryan,   Ella  V.,  642. 
Ryan,   Gertrude,   35. 

Rye  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  opened,  703- 

Sackett,    Josephine    T.,    576. 

Sacramento    (Cal.)    1.,    gift,    588. 

Sadlier,   Louise   C.,    577. 

Sag  Harbor  (N.  Y.)  John  Jer- 
main  Memorial  L.,  rot.,  124. 

Saginaw    (Mich.)    P.   L.,   gift,  428. 

St.  Albans   (Eng.)   P.  L.,  gift,  87- 

St.  Bride  Foundation  Inst.,  Lon- 
don, Technical  L.,  rpt.,  174. 

St    Clair,  Sadie,  578. 

St!  George  (Utah)  P.  L.,  gift,  305- 

St.  Joseph  (Mo.)  F.  P.  L.,  rpt, 
430,  651. 

St.  Louis  (Mo.)  City  Art  Mu- 
seum L.,  additions  to  special  col- 
lections (Johnston),  331-3. 

—  gift,  241. 

St."  Louis     (Mo.)     Mercantile    L., 

rpt,    246. 
St.  Louis   (Mo.)   P.  L.,  downtown 

station  opened,   585. 

—  establishes  bindery,   169. 

—  large  type  collection,  300. 

—  Municipal      Reference      Branch, 
rpt.,    167-8. 

—  picture  postal  collection,  375. 
— rpt,    123,    590. 

St.     Paul     (Minn.)     P.     L.,     new 

Hdgs.,    115-6. 
St.     Paul's     School     L.,     Concord, 

N.  H.,  collection  of  19,000  vols. 

(Greenman),  186. 
Salem    (Mass.)    P.   L.,  rpt,  245- 
Salford,    Borough    of    (Eng.)    L., 

rpt,   174- 
Salt    Lake     City     (Utah)     P.    L., 

branch  opens,  55. 
San  Antonio    (Tex.)      Carnegie  L. 

publishes   list  on   dairies,   584. 
San  Francisco  (Cal.)  Law  L.,  rp*-» 

San  Francisco  (Cal.)  Mechanics' 
Inst.  L.,  rpt.,  496. 


San  Francisco  (Cal.)  P.  L.,  change 
of  site   approved,    170. 

—  gift,    350. 

—  rpt.,    124,    590. 

— bturge  L.  opened,   117. 

San  Jose  (Cal.)  F.  P.  L.,  rpt,  124. 

San  Mateo    (Cal.)    F.   P.   L.,   rpt, 

173- 

Sanders,    Carolyn,    648. 
Sanders,  Dora  L.,  648. 
Sanders,  W.   W.,   588. 
Santa    Barbara    (Cal.)     F.    P.    L., 

rpt,  173- 
Santa  Clara  University  L.,  gift  of 

law  L,  306. 
Santa  Fe  R.  R.    $250,000  invested 

in  reading  rooms,   239, 
Saranac  Lake   (N.  Y.)   P.  L.,  gift, 

494. 

—  rpt,  496. 
Savage,  Etta  V.,  632. 
Savannah  (Ga.)   P.  L.,  rpt.,  124. 
Sawyer,   Harriet  P.,   685. 
Sawyer,   R.   Alger,  632. 

Say  re,    Ethel    F.,    41. 

Scarlet    fever,    books    as    carriers, 

27-8. 
Scheme    of    classification    for    the 

libs,   of  Baroda   (rev.),   644. 
Schenectady    (N.    Y.)    P.    L.,   rpt, 

245. 
School  hygiene  exhibition,  426. 

—  joint   work   of   high   school   and 
P.    L.    in    relating    education    to 
life   (Freeman),   179-83. 

—  Philadelphia       Pedagogical       L. 
and  the  P.  S.   (Liveright),  206-7. 

School    libraries,    52,    373. 

the  development  of  secondary 

(Greenman),    183-9. 

in  N.   C.,   535. 

in  Minnesota,  282. 

New  York   State   (Williams), 

202-3. 

—  of   New   York   City,   207-8. 
Schools,    the   1.   and   the,    177. 

—  L.   course   for   normal,   203-5. 
Schwenke,    Dr.    Paul.      Eindrticke 

von    einer    Amerikanischen    Bib- 

liotheksreise,   421-2. 
Science  and  useful  arts,  some  ref- 
erence books   of   1912    (Mudge), 

195- 
Scientific    management    applied    to 

mill   1.,    584. 

Scotland  (Ct.)   P.  L.,  gift,  119. 
Scott,    Dr.    Adrian,    649. 
Scranton   (Pa.)   P.   L.,  rpt,   173. 
Sea  Cliff  (L.  I.)  1.,  gift,  588. 
Seattle    (Wash.)    P.    L.,    additions 

to  special  collections  (Johnston), 

331-3- 

—  efficiency   investigation,    534. 

—  rpt,    496. 

—  suit  for  damages  to,  535. 
Sedalia  _  (Mo.)    P.    L.,   rpt,    541. 
See,  Alice,  632. 

Selected  List  of  Books,  A,  372. 
Selma     (Cal.)      P.     L.       Carnegie 

branch  of  county  system,  377. 
Serial   digests,    167. 
Serrill,  Kate,  704. 
Settle,  G:   T:,   305,  690. 
Sewall,  Willis  F.,  690. 
Seward   (Neb.)    P.  L.,  gift,  87. 
Seymour    (Ct.)    P.   L.,   gift,   495- 
Sharon    (Kan.),   1.    opens,    647. 
Sharon    (Mass.)    P.    L.,    gift,    305, 

306. 

Shaw,    Hazel    Y.,   694. 
Shaw,   Lawrence   M.,   483. 
Sheet  music.     See  Music. 
Sheffield,    Ora,    494- 
Shelburne   (Vt.)   P.  L.,  gift,  307. 
Shelburne  Falls  (Mass.)  Arms  L., 

rpt,  245. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


719 


Sttelburne    Falls     (Mlass.)       Pratt 
Mem.  L.  to  be  started,  493. 

—  contract    awarded,    537. 
Sheldon.    E.   W.,   463. 
Sherburne    (N.    Y.)    P     L.,    gift, 

428. 

Sherman,   Clarence  E.,  632. 
Sherman    (Tex.)    P.    L.,    gift,   87. 
Sherwood,   Eliz.   J.,   692. 
Shoals     (Ind.)     and    Halbert    and 

Centre  Townships,   gift,  305. 
Short,   Mrs.   F.  O,  227. 
Sigourney  (la.)   P.  L.,  gift,  305-6. 
Simmons  College  L.  Sch.,  44,  232, 

362     488,    530,   577,   634,   695- 
Sims,  Frances  H.,  633. 
Sioux  City  (la.)   P.   L.     Publicity 

campaign,  585. 
Skaneateles    (N     Y.)    P.    L.,    gift, 

306. 

Slease,  Anna  May,  639. 
Small    libs.,    advantages    of,    238, 

373- 

Smith,   A.    B.,  683. 
Smith,   Bessie  Sargeant,  485. 
Smith,    G:    E.,    55. 
Smith,  H:  Preserved,  427. 
Smith,    Irene,    539. 
Smith,    Ivan    T.,    484. 
Smith,    Mrs.    Lucy    Gunn,    225. 
Smith,  Mary  A.,  227. 
Smith,  Ora  loneene,  35,  170. 
Smithtown    (N.    Y.)    P.    L.,    gift, 

306. 

Snook,  Vera  J.,  694. 
Snyder,  Mary  B.,  695 
Social  and  civic  material  (Rout- 

zahn),   27. 

Social  sciences — year  book  and  sta- 
tistics,  some  reference  books   of 

1012   (Mudge),   194. 
Social    Service    Bull.,    Wash     (D. 

C.)  P.  L.,  703. 
Social    service    library    (Ketcham), 

406-7. 

Sodus   (N.  Y.)   P.  L.,  rpt.,  542. 
Solis-Cohen,   Leon  M.,   305;   death 

of,    378- 
Somerville   (Mass.)    Carnegie  1.  to 

be  dedicated,  647. 

—  gift,   87. 

—  rpt.,     382. 

—  winter    vacations,    375. 
Sontum,    Bolette,    639. 

Soule,  C:  Carroll,  death  of  (edit.), 
66. 

—  memorial  on,  459. 

—  obituary,  89. 

South   Coventry    (Ct.),   p.   1.   dedi- 
cated, 703. 

South    Dakota    L.    Assoc.,  ^  39. 
South  Dakota,  L.  commission  for, 

South     Manchester     (Ct.)     P.     L. 

burned,    703. 
South  Pasadena  (Cal.)  P.  L.,  rpt, 

542- 
South     Whitley     (Ind.)     to     have 

new  1.,  587. 
Southboro    (Mass.)    to   have   p.   1., 

bequest,  650. 
Southbridge    (Mass.)    P.    L.,    rpt, 

496. 

Southern   Educational   Assoc. — De- 
partment of  Libs.,   mtg.,   32. 
Southern    Tier    L.    Club,    483. 
Spear,  Gladys  B.,  696. 
Spears,  Anne  M.,  690. 
Special     collections.    Additions    to 

(Johnston),    331-3- 
Special     indexes,     some     reference 

books   of   1912    (Mudge),    192-3- 
Special  Libraries,  47,  i"»  423.  49*. 

698. 


Special  libraries,  385. 

list,    249. 

questionnaire      and      replies, 

399-402. 

—  —  'responsibility  districts,"  167. 
Special    Libraries   Assoc.,    91,   477. 
Special  1.   service   (Lee),   564. 
Speck,    Celeste,    378. 

Sperry,    Earl   E.,    539. 
Spilman,    Emily   A.,    37. 
Spokane    (Wash.)    P.    L.,   gift,   87, 
119. 

—  rpt.,    382. 

—  summer  reading  scheme,   375. 
Spring    Valley    (111.)    P.    L.,    gift, 

87- 

Springfield  (Mass.)  City  L.  "Best 
books"  list,  374,  586. 

—  classics   read,    145-6. 

—  gift,  305,  306,   588. 

— Memorial  Square  branch.  1.  con- 
tract awarded,  647. 

—  rpt.,    651. 

Springfield  (Mass.)  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
1.  dedicated,  647. 

Springfield   (Vt.)   P.   L.,  gift,  307. 

Sproolley,  Hull  (Eng.)  P.  L., 
gift,  87. 

Staff,  exchanges  in  P.  L.'s;  inter- 
change, 52. 

Staff  problems,  424. 

Stamford  (Conn.)  Ferguson  L., 
new  bldg.  (Colt),  342-4. 

Stanford  Univ.  (Cal.)  L.,  corner- 
stone recovered,  647. 

—  distribution       of       expenditures 
(Johnston),    408. 

—  expenditures   (Johnston),  143. 

—  gift  to  medical  dept.  1.,  306. 
— Lane  Memorial  L.,  28. 

—  rpt.,    244. 

Starbird,  Mrs.  Kate,  648. 

Starrett,  Mildred  H.,    578. 

State  Educ.  Depts.,  library  activ- 
ity, 679. 

State  1.  assocs.  (dept),  35,  102, 
158,  224,  287,  358,  415,  481,  527. 
571,  627,  682. 

State  1.  commissions  (dept),  34, 
100,  157,  223,  287,  357,  412, 
481.  526. 

Statistics  of  thirteen  libs,  and  sug- 
gestion for  A.  L.  A.  statistical 
hdbk  (Winchester),  556-8. 

Stearns,  Lutie  E.  The  woman 
and  the  farm,  449-53. 

Stearns,   Mae,    581. 

Stedman,    Lilian    M.,    225. 

Steel  Works  Club  L. /Joliet,  111.), 
replies  to  special  libs,  question- 
naire, 400. 

Steele,   Edith   McHarg,  225. 

Stefansson,  Steingrimur,  death  of, 
378- 

Stelle,  Helen  V.,  494. 

Stevens,  E.   F.,  360. 

Stevenson,  R.  L:,  error  in  "Our 
lady  of  the  snows,"  54. 

Stillwell,    Margaret   B.,    483. 

— L.  exhibit  at  the  R.  I.  child 
welfare  conference,  88-9. 

Stockholm  (Sweden)  children's  1. 
(Moore),  145. 

Stollberg,  Luella  E.,   118. 

Stone,   Mrs.    C.    G.,   378. 

Stone,  H.  H.,   359. 

Stone  and  Webster  L.  (Boston), 
replies  to  special  libs,  question- 
naire, 399-400. 

Story,    G:    Franklin,   485. 

Story-telling  as  feature  of  library 
work,  386. 

—  hour,     Milwaukee     (Wis.)     L., 
647- 

—  new  magazine  of,  374. 
—  reasons    for,    169. 


Strange,  Joanna  G.,   576. 

Stroh,   E.   F.,   704. 

Strohm,   Adam,   494. 

Strong,    Wilda   C.,    577- 

Stroudsburg  (Pa.)  Barrett  L.,  ded- 
icated, 647. 

Stuart,   Theresa,   634. 

Stumps,  Gladys,  648. 

Stutz,  Laura  C.,   494,   692. 

Subers,    Mildred,    695. 

Suffrage,  five  foot  shelf  for  trav- 
eling libs.,  376. 

Summit  (N.  J.)  F.  P.  L.,  rpt, 
245- 

Sunday-school  and  the  1.,  411. 

— work,    Books    on,    699. 

Sureties,    H.    G.,    240. 

Sutherland,    Lilian    A.,    305- 

Sutro,  Adolph,  1.  accepted  by  Cal., 
588. 

Swansea  (Mass.)  F.  P.  L.,  gift, 
171,  537- 

Swarthout,   Jasmine   A.,    305. 

Sweeney,  J:,  539- 

Sweetman,  Myrtle,  577. 

Swezey,  Anna  D.,  55. 

Syracuse  (N.  Y.)   P.  L.,  gift,  307- 

—  rpt,    382. 

Syracuse  University  L.,  distribu- 
tion of  expenditures  (Johnston), 
408. 

—  expenditures    (Johnston),    143- 
Syracuse  Univ.   L.    Club,   42,   159? 

290. 
Syracuse    L.    Sch.,    45,    109,    233, 

295,   366,   490,  640. 
Szabo,  E.  contp.     A  Fovarosi  Kon- 

yutar    Osztalyozasa,    in. 


Tacoma  (Wash.),  1.  in  department 
store,  491. 

—  P.    L.    rpt..    651. 
Tarbell,  M.   Anna,  483. 

Tariff,  Books  in  the  Underwood, 
edit.  593. 

Taunton    (Mass.)    P.   L..   rpt.,  43°- 

Teachers,  Branch  libs,  for,  426. 

Teachers'  College  L.  See  Colum- 
bia University  L. 

Technical  1.    for  prison,   425. 

Technical   literature,   373. 

Telephone  Exchange  L.,  Montgom- 
ery. Ala.,  1 1 6. 

Temple,    Mabel,    417,    572. 

Tennessee  F.  L.,  com.,  34. 

Tennessee   L.    Assoc.,    104. 

Tennessee  Univ.  1.  course  for 
teacher-librarians,  294. 

Terry,    Rev.    Roderick,    649. 

Test  case  of  law  1.  law  in  Ohio, 
674- 

Texas  Auric.  College  L..  distribu- 
tion of  expenditures  (Johnston), 
408. 

—  expenditures   (Johnston),   143.- 
Texas    University    L..    distribution 

of  expenditures  (Johnston),  408. 

—  expenditures  (Johnston),   143. 
Thatcher,    Lucy   E.,    581. 
Thayer,  C:  S.,  225. 

Thayer,    Maude,   648. 
Thayer,    Thaxter    C.,    694- 
Thomas,    Arthur    N.,    692. 
Thompson,   C.   Seymour,  37. 

—  The    dividemlpnying    public    li- 
brary.   3I5-Q- 

Thompson,    Mrs.    J.    A.,    358. 
Thompson     John,   648. 
Thompson,    Nancy   TsabHln,   4§4- 
Thompson.   O.   ~R.,   686. 
Thornton,    T.    R.,    280. 
Thornton    find.)   P.   L.,   crift,  87. 
Thnrnbo.    Margaret,    494. 
Thiirston,    Eliz.,    578. 


720 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


Thurston,  Mary  D.,  483. 

Thwaites,  Reuben  Gold.  Obit., 
680-1;  edit.  657. 

Tidd,   Hazel    B.,    648. 

Tiefenthaler,  Leo,  419. 

Tiffin    (O.)    P.   L.,   gift,  87. 

Tillinghast,  W.    H.,   648. 

Tillsonburg  (Ont.)  P.  L.,  gift, 
305. 

Tilton,  Asa  C.  Phillips  Exeter 
Academy,  Davis  Mem.  L.,  84-5. 

Timarn  (N.  Z.)  P.  L.,  gift,  306. 

Todd,  Cora  W.,  118. 

Toledo  (O.)  L.,  board  not  de- 
pendent upon  bond  buyers,  491. 

Tomah  (Wis.)  convention,  647. 

Tome  School  L.,  Port  Deposit, 
Md.,  collection  of  14,000  vols. 
(Greenman),  186. 

Topsfield  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  gift,  306. 

Toronto  (Can.)   P.  L.,  rpt.,  310. 

Torrance,    Mary  A.,   694. 

Townsend  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  246. 

Townsend,   Eliza  E.,  696. 

Townsend,  Ruth,  633. 

Trade  catalogs  filed,  700. 

Travelers'    libraries,    114. 

Traveling   libraries,    five    foot   suf- 


frage  shelf,    376. 


374- 


appropriates  $1500  for, 


under  state  control,   376. 

Traverse  City  (Mich.)  P.  L.,  rpt, 
56,  124. 

Treasury  Dept.  simplifies  book  im- 
portation for  institutions,  627. 

Trinity  College  L.  bldg.  plans,  238. 

Trow,  Madge  R,  578. 

Troy    (N.   Y.)   P.   L.,  rpt.,   246. 

Troy  (N.  Y.)  Y.  M.  C.  A.  1., 
gift,  588. 

Troy,    Zeliaette,    604. 

Trustees  and  the  L,  2. 

Trustees,  Work  of.  See  Bowker, 
R.  R. 

Tuscarawas  (O.)  P.  L.,  gift,  305. 

Two  Rivers  (Wis.)  P.  L./gift, 
305- 

Tyler,  Alice  S.,  427,  463,  539,  588. 

—  The  p.  1.  in  commission-gov- 
erned cities,  403-5. 

Tyler,   Anna   C.,    160. 

Tynsborough  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  gift, 
306. 


Unemployment,  bibliography  of, 
52. 

Union    (Ore.)    P.    L.,    gift,   87. 

Union  Theological  Seminary  L 
(New  York),  additions  to  spe- 
cial collections  (Johnston), 
331-3- 

Union  Township,  Brown  Co.  (O.) 
P.  L.,  gift,  305. 

United  States  Bureau  of  Educa- 
tion Peace  Day  bull.,  303. 

—  Bureau   of  Labor   Statistics   L.. 
additions    to    special    collection* 
(Johnston),  331-3. 

—  Civil   Service   Commission  rpts.. 
58s. 

—  Dept.    of    Agriculture    L.,    rpt. 
56,  246. 

—  Military   Academy    L.,    distribu- 
tion of  expenditures  (Johnston), 
408. 

expenditures  (Johnston),  143. 

—  Naval  Academy  L.,  distribution 
of  expenditures  (Johnston),  408. 

expenditures  (Johnston),  143. 

University  1.  expenditures  (Johns- 
ton), 143. 

—  correction,    240. 

—  distribution  of  (Johnston),  408. 


Univ.  of  Illinois.  See  Illinois, 
Univ.  of. 

Univ.  of  Maryland.  See  Maryland, 
Univ.  of. 

Univ.  of  Michigan.  See  Michigan, 
Univ.  of. 

Univ.  of  Wisconsin.  See  Wiscon- 
sin, Univ.  of. 

Upper  Montclair  (N.  J.)  P.  L., 
gift,  305. 

Urbana    (111.),    gift,    704. 

Utica    (N.    Y.)    P.    L.,   gift,   55. 

—  rpt.,    124,    379. 
Utley,   H:    M.,   241. 

Valdosta    (Ga.)    P.   L.,   gift,   87. 

Valley  Falls  (N.  Y.)  1.  dedicated, 
587- 

Valparaiso  (Ind.)  P.  L.,  letter  to 
outlyirig  districts,  169. 

Vancouver  (B.  C.)  P.  L.,  opposi- 
tion to  Carnegie  gift,  168. 

Vanderbilt  University  L.,  bequest, 
119. 

—  rpt.,    650. 

Van  Eman,  Edith  K-,  494. 

Van  Home,  Mary,  361. 

Van  Valkenburgh,   Acnes,   360. 

Vassar  College   (N.   Y.),  gift,  306 

Vergennes  (Vt.)  Bixby  Mem.  F. 
L.  bldg.  dedicated,  55. 

Vermont  Board  of  L.  Commission- 
ers' biennial  rpt.,35- 

Vermont,  Bulletin  of  the  Free 
Public  Library  Commission,  299. 

Vermont,     Commission     work     in, 

Vineiand   (N.  J.)   P.   L.,  rpt.,  124. 

Virginia    archives,    426. 

Virginia   Library  Assoc.,   40. 

Virginia  Polytechnic  L.  distribu- 
tion of  expenditures  (Johnston), 
408. 

—  expenditures    (Johnston),    143. 

Virginia    (Minn.)    P.   L.,  rpt.,  310. 

Virginia  State  L.  (Richmond),  ad- 
ditions to  special  collections 
(Johnston),  331-3. 

—  rpt.,    541. 

Virginia  University  L.,  distribu- 
tion of  expenditures  (Johnston), 
408. 

—  expenditures   (Johnston),   143. 
Visual      presentation    of    1.    work, 

671-4. 
Vocational      guidance,      need     for 

(Freeman),    179-83. 
Vogelson,  Helen  E.,  692. 
Voss,   Anna,   648. 
Vought,   Sabra  W.,  632. 
Waco   (Tex.)   P.  L.  exhibit,  53. 

—  transfers,    374. 

—  rpt.,    124,   382. 


Wagner,  Harriet,  539. 

Waitsfield    (Vt.)   1.   dedicated,   703. 

Wakefield  (Mass.)  Beebe  Town  L., 
rpt.,  246. 

Walkley,    Raymond   L.,    632. 

Wallingford  (Ct.)  L.  A.  receives 
bequest,  650. 

Wallingford  (Pa.)  F.  L.,  gift,  119. 

Walpole   (Mass.)    P.   L.,  rpt.,   246. 

Walter,  Frank  K.  Free  and  in- 
expensive reference  material,  8- 
12. 

Waltham  (Mass.)   P.  L.,  gift,  495- 

—  rpt.,    310. 

Walton,    G.    M.,    574. 

Warner,   Mrs.    Cassandra  U.,    588. 

Warner,   Marion,  635. 

Warren  (Mass.)  Joseph  Patch  L., 
bldg.  started,  538. 


Wanen  (N.  H.),  1.  dedicated,  703. 
Warren    (O.)    P.    L.,    rpt.,    124. 
Washington    (D.    C.j    Masonic    L, 

3°4- 
Washington    (D.    C.)    P.    L.    issues 

Social  Service  Bull.,  703. 

—  publicity    material,     55. 

—  rpt.,    57.     - 

Washington  (D.  C.)  Soldiers' 
Home  L.,  rpt.,  246. 

Washington  (.N.  Y.)  Fort  Plain 
P.  L.  receives  bequest,  650. 

Washington  University  L.,  addi- 
tions to  special  collections 
(Johnston),  331-3. 

—  distribution       of       expenditures 
(Johnston),   408. 

—  expenditures   (Johnston),   143. 
Waterbury   (Ct.)    Bronson  L.,  rpt., 

542. 

Waterbury    (Vt.)    P.   L.,   gift,   495. 
Waterloo    (Ind.)    P.    L.,    gift,   305. 

—  1.  cornerstone  laid,  587. 

—  rpt.,  382-3. 
Watermarks,    114. 
Waters,  Willard  L.,  37. 
Watertown     (Mass.)     P.     L.,    rpt., 

651. 

Watertown  (N.  Y.)  Flower  Me- 
morial L.,  rpt.,  124. 

Watford  (Ont.)   P.  L.,  gift,  87. 

Watson,   W:    R.,    118. 

Watts    (Cal.)    P.   L.,   gift,   305. 

—  1.  plans  approved,  703. 
Wayne    (Neb.)    P.    L.,    gift,   87. 
Waynesboro  (Va.)  takes  advantage 

of  state  p.   1.   law,   1 16. 
Weber,  L.  W.,  588. 
Weeks,    Ella  F.,   648. 
Weil,   Marion,   642. 
Weis,    Mary   C.,    686. 
Wellesley  College  L.,  additions  to 

special     collections      (Johnston), 

331-3. 

—  gift  of  first  editions,   119. 

—  rpt.,    651. 
Wellman,  H.   O.,  360. 
Wellman,  Killer  C.,  463. 
Wells,   Blanche  L.,   588. 
Wells,    Caroline   P.,   647- 
Wells,  Edna  A.,   578. 
WellsviUe    (O.)    P     L.,   gift,   87. 
Wellville    (N.    Y.),    gift,    704. 
West  Brookfield   (Mass.)    Merriam 

P.  L.,  rpt.,  246. 

West  Caldwell  (N.  J)  P  L.,  be- 
quest, 379. 

West  Hartford  (Conn.)  P.  L.. 
fund  completed,  493. 

West  Newton,  Mass.  See  New- 
ton (Mass.)  P.  L. 

West  Point  (Miss.)  P.  L.,  gift, 
305. 

West  Tampa  (Fla.)  P.  L..  gift, 
305- 

Westboro  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  gift,  241. 

Westerly  (R.  I.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  246, 
651. 

Western  Illinois  State  Normal 
Sch.  L.,  rpt.,  310. 

Western  Mass.   L.   Club,   229,  629. 

Western  Reserve  Historical  Soc. 
L.  (Cleveland),  additions  to  spe- 
cial collections  (Johnston),  331- 
3- 

Western  Reserve  University  L.  ex- 
penditures  (Johnston),   143. 
''estern     Reserve     University     L. 
School,   no,    162,   295,   367,  421, 
577,  635,   696. 

Westfield  (Mass.)  Athenseum, 
rpt.,  383. 

Westfield  (N.  Y.)  Patterson  L., 
590. 

Westminster  (Mass.)  P  L.,  gift, 
306. 


P< 
Wes 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


721 


Westminster  (Yt.)  P.  L.  Assoc., 
custodian  $500  prize  funds,  542. 

Weston  (.Mass.)   1J.  L.,  rpt.,  430. 

Weston   (Ont.)   i".  L.,  gift,  305. 

Wttzeli,    Bertha    S.,    360. 

Weymouth  (Mass.)  Tufts  L.,  rpt, 
310. 

What  the  community  is  asking  cf 
dept.  of  children's  work 
(Moore),  595-9. 

What  the  foreigner  has  done  for 
one  1.  (Campbell),  610-15. 

What  the  1.  can  do  for  foreign- 
born  (Carr),  566-8. 

Wheeler,    Eleanor    P.,    578 

Wheeler,    Harold    L.,    692.' 

Whitby    (Ont.)    P.   L.,  gift,  87. 

White,    Alice    G.,    417,    572. 

White,   Elizabeth   H.,   218. 

White,  Gleeson,  581 

White  Bear  (Minn.)  P.  L.,  gift, 
87. 

Whitman  College,  Walla  Walla, 
gift,  119. 

Whitney,   Elinor,  695. 

Whitney,  Ja.  Lyman,  bequest  of, 
118. 

Whittier,    Florence,    685. 

Whittemore,  Mrs.  Grace  M.,  483. 

Whittlesey,  Julia  M.,   427. 

Wichita  (Kan.)  P.  L.,  $55,000  con- 
tract awarded,  538. 

—  gift,    87- 

Widener,  Harry  E.,  Mem.  L.    See 

Harvard  University. 
Wiggington,    May    Wood,    494. 
Wilber,  Doris  E.,  578. 
Wilcox,  Almira  R.,  633- 
Wilcox,  Ruth  S.,  692. 
Wilcox,    Mrs.    W.   W.,    539. 
Wilder,    G    C.,   38. 
Wildermuth,  Ora  L.,  37-8. 
Wilhoit,  Edna,  378. 
Wilkes-Barre    (Pa.)    Osterhout    F. 

L.,  rpt.,  430. 
Wilkinson,  Helen,  694. 
Willard,   S.   P.,   225. 
Williams,  D.,  288. 
Williams,  Nellie,  628. 
Williams,     Sherwin.       New     York 

State    school    libs.,    202-3^ 
Williams,  Talcott,  227. 
Williams,   Wilie,    588. 
Williamsport      (Pa.)      James      V. 

Brown    L.,    exhibition,    304. 

—  rpt.,    496. 


Wilmington      (Del.)     i;.     L.,    rpt., 

490. 

Wiiscy,  Delia  M.,  633- 
Wilson    H.    W.,    592. 
Wilson     (H.     W.)     Company,     re- 
moval of  New   York  office,   492. 
Winchendon   (Mass.),  1.  dedicated, 

650. 
Winchester    (Mass.).    P.    L.,    rpt., 

310. 
Winchester,  G.  F.     Some  statistics 

of   thirteen  libs,    and  suggestion 

for    A.    L.    A     statistical    hdbk., 

556-8. 

Winchester,    J.    H.,    38. 
Winchester       (Ky.),      1.      contract 

awarded,    650. 

Winchester    (Va.),  1.  bequest,   588. 
Windsor,   Grace,   577. 
Winnetka     (111.)     F.    P.    L.,    rpt., 

246. 
Winthrop     (Mass.)     P.     L.,     rpt, 

246. 

Wire,  G.   E.,  646,  655. 
Wisconsin    Preliminary    Report    of 

the   Committee   of  Fifteen,    164. 
Wisconsin    Arbor    and    Bird    Day 

Annual,  The,  299. 
Wisconsin  F.  L.  Commission,  scope 

of    work,    412-3. 

—  Training  Class,  640-1,  edit.  546. 
Wisconsin    Library    Bulletin,    491, 

532. 

Wisconsin  State  L.  Assoc.,  105, 
226. 

Wisconsin  University  L.,  distribu- 
tion of  expenditures  (Johnston), 
408. 

—  expenditure?    (Johnston),    143. 
Wisconsin    University    L.    School, 

46,    231-2,    292-3,    365-6,    487-8, 

580-1,   641-3,   643-4. 
Wobnrn  (Mass.)  L.,  rpt,  124,  430. 
Wolhaupter,    Alice    G.,    635. 
Woman       on       the       farm,       The 

(Stearns),  4449-S3« 
Women,  reading  rooms  for,  236. 
Wood,   Mary  W.,  361. 
Wood,    F-   C.,   494- 
Wood    Library    Assoc.      See    On- 
tario County   (N.  Y.)   Historical 

Soc. 

Woodbridge,  Elizabeth,  635. 
Woodland   (Cal.)   Yolo  County  L., 

rpt.,    542. 
Woods  Hole    (Mass.)    P.   L.,   new 

bldg.,    170. 


Woodstock      (Vt.)     Norman     Wil- 
liams P.   L.,  rpt,   174.     ' 
Woodward,   Grace,   581. 
Wooten,    Katharine,    118. 
Worcester    (Mass.)    F.  P.   L.,  gift, 

589- 

—  rpt,    173. 

—  three   new  branches,   304,   650- 
Work    of    trustees    in    a   small    1. 

(Bowker),   663-6. 

Working  papers,  Passaic  1.  part 
in,  301. 

World's   Work,   The,  299. 

World's  work,  Influence  of  1.  on 
(Legler),  435-42. 

Worst    hundred    books,    edit.    546. 

Wright,  Harriet  S.  Miss  Hewins 
and  her  class  in  children's  read- 
ing, 210-11. 

Wright,  J.   Hood,  suit,  647- 

Wyer,  J.   L,  626,  680. 

Wyer,    Malcolm   G.,   494. 

Wykes,    Sadie    P.,    642. 

Wyman,    Alice,    118. 

Wyoming  (111.)  F.  P.  L.  estab- 
lished, 703. 


Yale    University    L.,    additions    to 
special     collections      (Johnston), 

331-3- 

—  distribution       of       expenditures 
(Johnston),    408. 

—  expenditures  (Johnston),  143. 

—  gift  of  6000  volumes  valued  at 
$100,000,  306. 

—  rpt,    24.4,   650. 

Yonkers    (N.    Y.)    Hollywood    Inn 

L.,    rpt.,   310. 

Yonkers   (N.   Y.)   P    L.,  rpt,  310. 
York   (Pa.)    P.   L.,  gift,   119. 
Young,    Sara    S.,   695. 
Yreka    CCal.)    P.    L.,   gift,   305 
Yust,   W:   F.,  41. 

—  Public    library    section— Roches- 
ter child   welfare  exhibit,   344-5- 


Zanesficld    (O.)    P.   L.<   495,    589- 
Zeitscliriff  des  Ocstcrreichischen — 

vereincs     fur     Bibliothekswesen, 

165. 
Zcntralhlatt    fur    Bibliotheksv'cscn. 

48,     M2.    164,    235-6,    299,    372, 

424,  491-   533. 


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