Libyan vocabulary: an essay towards reproducing the ancient Numidian ...

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LIBYAK VOCABULARY.

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LIBYAN VOCABULARY.

AN ESSAY

TOWABOS BBFKODVCINO THB

ANCIENT NUMIDIAN LANGUAGE,

OUT OF FOITB MODERN TONGUBS.

FEANCIS WILLIAM NEWMAN,

KMERITVB PB0FB880& OF TnaYEBSITT COLLSOE, LOHDON ; FORHBRLT FELLOW OF
BALLTOL college; AMD MOW M.B.A.8.

d>'-

AUG IFR2

LONDON:
TEUBNEE & CO., 67 and 69, LUDGATE HILL.

1882.

^^««^. y^^^^-O')

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HERTFORD :
PRINTED BY STEPHEN AUSTIN & SONS.

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CONTENTS.

PAGE

Pbeface ajsd Inteoduction 1

i) grammatical elemeltrs op the libtan languages . 12

2) TCabatt. Veebs and Veebals 38

3) Kabail Notjns, not Veebals 78

4) Shilha Veebs and Veebals 107

5) Shilha Nouns, not Veebals 114

6) Gleanings feom Ghadamsi 123

7) TuAEix Veebs and Veebals 131

8) TuAETK Nouns, not Veebals . . . . 182

Naturally it is to be expected that among the Nouns not
known to be Verbal, the chief mass of words imported from the
foreigner will be found.

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'&Mk,

ON THE ^ ' ^«^v\C$/

LIBYAIf OR BERBER LANGUAGES.

Pbelihinaby Note, on tlie Alphabet here used.

The Libyan Alphabet is preserved to us in the Tefinagh
characters, which by reason of deficiency in Vowels are with
difficulty read by the natives themselves. The consonants
nearly respond to those of Hebrew ; though, by Gimel changing
to Jimel as in Arabic, a double sound is obtained; also, the
letter which responds to Hebrew Teth, is liable to take the
sound of Arabic ^JO, sometimes of necessity. Thus we get
two consonantal sounds more than in Hebrew.

The consonants B D F G (hard) HJKLMNRSTWYZ
are sounded as in English. Besides these attention must be
paid to the accompanying list (see next page) :

The letters H £ 2i seeni to be not properly Libyan, but
introduced by the Arabs. They sometimes supplant the true
sound even in native w&rda, Sayce (Assyrian Gr.) treats Hebrew
f^ as ^ rather than ^. In Ghadamsi the £ constantly sup-
plants the r. The Tuarik of Barth could not say Moilammed,
but inevitably made it Mo£ammed.

The sounds of J and of ^ seem to have some local diversity,
which is the case also with T.

I have several times put forward reasons for transcribing
foreign languages by a B^manized alphabet. Especially for
Maps, the foreigners must learn to read our letters. In this
tongue, French experience finds it impossible to be satisfied with

1

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the Tefinagh. Mj effort has been to get forms which will not
be mistaken, even in small print ; this is my reason for ex*
tending { and i^ below the line. Also I avoid two Boman
letters for one native (as kh, th, sh), and accented letters.

n
n

y

n

t3

E'

ARABIC. CAPITAL.SMALL,

n

A

s.

s

A

A

e

e

r

t

T

I

^

wheezing Irish h, — an Arabic
sound.

German rough ch. True Lib-
yan, yet rare.

rough jerk of the voice.

English th in this, — Kabail.

English th in thtn^, — Kabail.

modern Greek Ghamma,
Dutch ffh ? Northumber-
land Burr; a favourite
Libyan sound.

thick if— palatal t ?

thick A, a letter specially
Arabic.

as in Spanish (and Oscan ?)
for English sh.

soft k formed at the root of the
tongue.

probably Tz orrather thick Ts.

[N.B. In Arabic cl/ takes the sound of English Teh with
the Bedouins and at Bagdad, but elsewhere that of English K.
These are the two sounds of Italian C ; hence it seemed to me
convenient to use C for CS in Arahto. There is no such
reason in Libyan ; with Hanoteau I write k, and rather reserve
C for our Teh, which yet in Libyan seems better written tx.]

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INTRODUCTION.

The languages here named Libyan hare been collectively
called Berber; but the word Berber is apt to be confounded
with a people on the upper Nile. The Libyan language, as
known to the B^mans, was but one, according to St. Augustine.
Now there are at least four, the Kabail in Algeria, the Shilha in
the mountains of Morocco, the Tuarik (or Tarkieya as some call
it) beyond the Atlas, and the Ghadamsi at Ghadames, perhaps
its eastern limit. The differences in these four is largely caused
by Arabic superseding native words differently in different places.
Ancient words retained in one district have been lost in another :
and, as must happen, new special words have grown up : but
the native grammar continues in all with very little change of
principles. In the Kabail the letter T is constantly sounded as
Ts, which may be called a local h'spy since it does not indicate
any diversity of meaning : on which account it is here wholly
neglected. Thus I write Neita, "he; this," not Netsa. The
Kabail also in many words aspirates T, D into our twofold th ;
Greek and A : but this likewise is matter of mere euphony,
not affecting the sense, any more than in Hebrew. This aspira-
tion drops off in the other languages.

Only of the Kabail and of the Tuarik is our knowledge more
than fragmentary. To the former the Prench Government has
directed special attention, and through Brossehrdi's Dictionary
of 1844 and General Sanoteau^s Grammar of 1858 we obtain
knowledge both copious and solid. There are rustic dialects
of little importance, which are here neglected. A distinction
nevertheless must be named between the Zouave of the moun-
tains, which Hanoteau sets before us, and the maritime dialect

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SOUBCES OF KNOWLEDGE.

of Bougie, the town of Sidi Samet, who was the only native
in the Committee which compiled Brosselard's Dictionary.
Here it suffices to say, that nearly every Zouave word pro-
nounced with ^ has )o in Bougie; and the y or w oi
Bougie is often a hard ^ or ^ in Zouave. Sidi Hs^et is
the same who translated — ^inevitahly with great imperfection
— ^the four Gospels and the Acts. These were my original
sources of information. Mr. "W. B. Hodgson, an American
consul, first engaged Sidi Hamet in this work, and used much
effort to contribute to our knowledge of the Libyan. — The
modern Eabail is our nearest representative of the KumniAN
language. Volney was first to announce this.

But the Shilha stands with us for the MATTBixAiTiAir. Our
materials for it are very scanty. In my hands are only some
lithographed pages by M. Delaporte, phre^ with French transla-
tion and a mercantile letter by the same; a poetical dialogue
between two plants (Henna and Spikenard), which I im-
perfectly understand, and a narrative by Sidi Ibrahim. The
last was obtained by the zeal of Mr. Hodgson, -who sent -with
it a very vague Arabic version. Though uncertainties remsiio,
this document is my best informant; unless I refer to Prof.
Venture de Paradis. He was the first able investigator in
this field; but Kapoleon I. commanded his services in Egypt.
He did not know that the Shilha and the Eabail differ too
much to be caUed one language; hence he confounded into
one vocabulary the words and phrases furnished to him by.
an Algerine and by a Mauritanian. While this is to be re-
gretted, yet internal evidence often shows that words are or
are not Kabail; so as to aid our separation. When a word
is given by me on the authority of V. {ue. of Venture de

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FOTJK LIBYAN LANGUAGES. b

Paradis), the reader must remember that I have to decide
whether it is Shilha or Xabail. The latter is often pointed
out by the occurrence of or A. At the same time my error,
if error I make, is of very small importance in the task here
assumed, — of recovering whatever can be recovered of the
ancient Libyan.

The Tuarik seems to be the ancient Gatulian, I cannot
willingly follow the new fashion of calling the people Imoshagh
(Imuxac) and their language Temushaq or Temoshaght ; for the
other Libyans also claim the word, which is believed to mean
Freemen, Franks. In Ibrahim's Narrative we read, Elian gis
ko5 Ama5i(» etyaran si tirra Ixla£in; "erant ibi quatuor (libri)
Ama5ighani, scripti per scripturam Shilahium." (The 5 in
Amasif is changed to x (= sh) in Tuarik, as often happens.)
Thus Imoshagh is not a suficiently distinctive name : on the
other hand Tuarik is old and well understood. Dr. Henry
Barth observes that the word Tuarik is written by classical
Arabs with soft T and soft K; so that in Arabic it means
** those who quit or abandon " ; i.e. men who fled from their
homes to avoid Arab conquest, — or more simply. Rovers. Be
this as it may, there can be no mistake as to the word, as
denoting those Libyans who live south of the Atlas Highlands.
They extend over the Western half of the great African desert,
as far as Timbuktu, and even beyond. In the immediate
neighbourhood of Timbuktu three languages wholly foreign to
the Libyan prevail, the Songhay, the Haussa and the Fulah :
wholly foreign, I say, though certain pronouns of the Haussa
have a notable likeness to the Libyan. The Songhay was once
an imperial language, now the speech of Timbuktu and Aghades,
a town in which the Tuarik tribe, Kel Air, have their centre.

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6 TH£ DIALECTS OF TUASIK.

Barth calls his Tuarik people Awelimmiden] and a document
which he brought to England (published by the Foreign OflSice)
shows that the people of Aghades entitle the Awelimmiden
Serku, Hodgson has printed a short vocabulary of Surku or
Sergooi no doubt they are the Awelimmiden or the South
Western Tuarik. But Hanoteau, in his excellent Grammar of
1860, teaches us the dialect of the Isaqqamaren in the neigh-
bourhood of Tuatf a town which is the centre of power to
their king or sultan, chief of the Xel Ahagger (populus excehus ?
or nolilis), A Moslem people is sure to import religious and
moral words from Arabic, yet in Tuarik the Arab element is
comparatively small. Mr. H. Stanhope Ereeman, when British
Vice-Consul at Ghadames, unaware of Hanoteau's studies in
Tuarik, put together whatever he could glean up concerning
the language of Ghat, where the Tuarik called Kel Azger are
dominant. It is a very welcome addition to our knowledge,
however much we may regret that he did not rather addict
himself to the language of Ghadames, where he was residing.
Hitherto, we find three dialects of the Tuarik, sensibly distinct.

Concerning the G/mdamsi language, Gr§.berg de Hemso had
given us some slight notion : also the traveller Br. Eichardson
brought home scanty information furnished to him by Ben
Musa, a native, who explains Ghadamsi words sometimes by
Arabic, sometimes by Tuarik. GrS-berg de Hemso differs from
these by exhibiting initial 9 in Ghadamsi nouns, a letter
otherwise known in Xabail only.

Mr. W. B. Hodgson, the American already named, gives
short lists of words from the Beni Mo5ab, a white race, and
from the men of Wergela, who are blacks ; but it is the same
language. They have words specially Tuarik, as Aferim a

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BENX MENASSSS. 7

city ; but this may once have been Kabail, though it has now
been driven out by the quasi-Arabic Gamdint. In the neglect
of aspirates, these tribes differ from the Eabail; yet on the
whole the specimens given are full as near to the Kabail as
to the Tuarik.

From the specimens of the Beni Menasser in a list of
Duveyrier I conclude that they exhibit to us an old and
corrupted Kabail, though their pronouns in De Slane diverge
notably. No remark is here needed, except the tendency of
this small tribe to write feminine nouns with 6 or T a^ the end
only. Thus for Gamemt, honey, they say Amemt. In con-
nection with the participle, it is beyond question that Wa,
6a mean just o, 17 of Greek,— rDer, Die of German; but the
modern Lybians have forgotten this sense when a noun follows
close. Here therefore it seems that the Beni Menasser retain
the antique nouns.^

Hodgson has a list of Tuarik nouns, besides his Serku list;
differing in certain words from all other authorities; but he
gives no distinct local reference.

As to Hanoteau's Tuarik (of Tuat) it is convenient here
to remark on his g g and z z, which with him represent
Tifinagh consonants. His g is described as g peculiarly
softened: one may conjecture, like gy (with English conso-
nantal y) before a vowel. Thus some Englishmen (of an old
or provincial school) pronounce Guide, Guilt as Gyide, Gyilt.
But Barth, Freeman and Hodgson give us dj or English j

* The Noun of Action sometimes begins and also ends with T, as from
Irlai, he went round, Ta|«lit, rotation. Here it may be doubted whether
initial T was once the feminine article; the more so, since the T which
forms a present tense gives no feminine idea.— rl observe that in Assyrian
nouns of action are presented to us, nearly of this form, as T-asmea-tu,
hearing (Sayce, Comp. Gr. p. 110).

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8 . DOUBTFUL SOUND

instead of this softened g, which I therefore conclude to be
^ local peculiarity of Tuat. Consequently, I always write J
for Hanoteau's G'. Again, with Hanoteau, H in Tuarik means
merely our English Z ; but his simple Z stands for the douhie
cross of Tifinagh, concerning the sound of which there is
somer uncertainty.

In Hanoteau's Kabail Grammar (p. 361) we find that 'Abd el
Qadir Ben Bu Bekr accounts the Arab ^j^ to be the best equiva-
lent of the Tifinagh double cross : but Mollammed el Uzani and
M. Schousboe find no equivalent in Arabic for it ; and what
is more, M. Delaporte's lithograph expresses it by an Arab ^
with three dots above ; a clear indication that the Arab Alphabet
here fails. — In many words (as in Amazif itself) this z passes
into an English Sh, and (stranger still) thence into an H,
reminding us of Latin and Greek or Erse and Welsh, sus
and hus, sal and hal, etc. . Considering that the Hebrew con-
sonants agree in more than one point of euphony with the
Kabail, and that the two consonants tD X correspond with
Libyan, where the Arabic has four, it is allowable to con-
jecture that *ji best represents the double cross of Tifinagh, or
the triple-dotted ^ of Shilha. Gesenius's Dictionary interprets
X as Ts, which accords with prevalent opinion ; or perhaps (as
Sayce seems to think) a somewhat thicker utterance, denoted
by T5. We know how readily the sound of Ts interchanges
with that of English Teh ; — some Englishmen lisp Ch into Ts ;
which may aid us in conceiving how in Tuarik, especially in
Serku, Ts becomes Sh.

It is to be regretted that in Kabail the distinction of z
and z' is all but lost. Hanoteau indeed writes Ez^u, plant;
where his 9 apparently denotes (j^. In this language the

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OF CERTAIN LETTEBS. »

imperatives A5U,* U5 (skin, flay), E5U (parch, fry, broil), £531
(turn round), Ezzai (be heavy), E53U, E39U (plant), co-exist,
and are deceptively alike. In Tuarik the z and 2f are not
always well distinguished by the natives themselves ; but when
we find a sound vacillating between z and sh, and much more,
if also liable to become h, we may reasonably conclude that
it is the Double Gross ; so also, if in Shilha the word be
denoted by three-dotted ^ . Therefore when I find in Barth
Oxe (flay) — {i.e. Oshe in English writing,) — which is Uz,* Azu
in Kabail, I conclude that the true radical is y, and so write
it, provisionally. Similarly of other words; as yer, (see),
written with triple dot in Shilha. Again, if in Tuarik a Z
be thus thickened, I infer, till better taught, that it is so in
Kabail likewise, if the word be found there.

The sound of our Gh (Tx) is sometimes met in Eabail, which
generally brings a K in Tuarik: thus, £ah. Etx (eat thou),
Itxa (he ate), Tuar. Ekx, Ikxa: again, J5^. Itxur (it was
full), Tuar, Ifkar: Xiah, ItxaQ, Itxatx (?) (he was angry)
EtxaH (anger), but in Tuar, Etkaf, Etkar and Edekar (wrath).
Here a vacillation between the sounds f and r in Tuarik
responds to an un-Libyan H in Kabail. Barth' s vacillations
between k and r generally denote the f sound to be true.
The combination {t (final) is retained by him ; but in the
Tuarik of Hanoteau and Ereeman, this combination is cor-
rupted into a mere q colloquially. Q is certainly rare in Libyan,
so is £1 ; yet in some words the Arabic ^ becomes q k or even
k for Libyan. . Thus the Arabic Wallx (wild beast) makes
Awaqqas (lion) at Tuat, and Tawakast at Ghat. The Libyan
A££u (wild animal) is perhaps a correlative of the Arabic.
* [N.B. In these pages 3 and z denote the same letter.]

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10 BELATIYE WEIGHT

It may be convenient here to avow my estimate of the
authorities quoted for words. Brosselard and Hanoteau are
primary. When either of them distinctly assigns the meaning
of a word, my business is barely to examine whether it is
to be rejected from the Libyan as imported Arabic. Even when
this may be suspected at first sight, I still sometimes retain
'it as possibly native, especially if it be as near to Hebrew as
to Arabic. — ^Dr. Henry Earth's authority as to the names of
objects which he saw, is nearly decisive, except that he does
not distinguish certain consonants from others, whether through
defect of his own ear, or through the careless pronunciation
of the rude people to whom he listened. Indeed he never
trie9 to distinguish t from 'p, d from 2, k from q; and often
so vacillates from r to k, as to bring conviction that both
are wrong, and only f right. He seems to have had no
practical aid from literary natives; hence it is requisite to
criticize. In many sentences I fail to understand his syntax.
Even in his list of nouns one cannot feel entire satisfaction ;
from the fear that many may be recent importations from
Songhay. Not that it can be assumed that when a Serku-
word is found in Songhay or Haussa, it is not native Libyan.
Por instance, a tame pigeon (rock pigeon) in Kabail is EObir,
in Ghadamsi Adbir, in Tuarik, fern, Tedeberat: that these
are native, is not to be disputed on the ground that the
Songhay of Aghades has Tedaber and the Hailssa Tentabarai
for a pigeon (Schon gives as the Haussa, sing. Tantaba,
pi, Tantabaru. The plural retains radical r.) — Mr. W. B.
Hodgson did very good service, but from the difficulty of
verification one cannot accept his vocabulary without occasional
doubt. — Mr. Freeman has made some errors in grammar, in

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OF AUTHOKITIES. 11

which no native was competent to instruct him; but at least
they furnished him with the true consonants; which cannot
be said of Barth, nor even of Hodgson.; — The lists written by
Ben Musa in Ghadamsi and Tuarik, I trust as far as they
go; likewise those of Duveyrier and of Delaporte. — I regret
that I have to rely on my own analysis of sentences (which
must lower the credit of a word), far too often; as, in the
Shilha narrative of Ibrahim ; in Hamet's sadly imperfect trans-
lation of the Four Gospels and Genesis ; in the short sentences
of Barth, and last, not least, I am sorry to add, in the Eabail
Ballads, of which Hanoteau in 1867 published a goodly volume.
In so far as he definitely explains words in his notes, I accept
his statements as authoritative ; and I have gleaned much from
this volume, deep drenched as it is in corrupt Arabic. Yet
his very vague, and (I must almost say) evasive, rendering of
the poetry has constantly left for me a task too difficult.
See the verb Izga and the noun Aguni in my Eabail lists
as specimens.— The same complaint must be made, quite as
emphatically, concerning M. Ken6 Basset's version of the
Shilha poem " Saby," lithographed some thirty years back
by M. Delaporte. From the new version I have not been
able to hammer out a single piece of new knowledge.

My abbreviations for reference are as follows: but when a
word is beyond question, I often dispense with reference.

Br. means Brosselard.

Han. (orH. in Tuar) Hanoteau.

H.P. Hanoteau's Kab. Poetry.

Ho. Hodgson.

Ham. Sidi Hamet in the Gos-
pels or Genesis.

H.K. G. Hanoteau's Kab. Gram-
mar.

H.T. Hanoteau's Tuarik.

Ibr. means Sidi Ibrahim.
Del. Delaporte.
B. Mus. Ben Musa.
Moz. Beni Mozab.
"Wadr. Wadreagh.
Grb. GrS,berg de Hemso.
F. or Fr. Freeman.
B. or Bh. Barth.

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12

FEAGMENTARY PRONOXINS OF THE LIBYAN.

In nothing do these languages agree more closely than in
the fragmentary pronouns; for even the native numerals are
lost in Kabail; and the comparison of these pronouns with
those of Hebrew, Arabic, Coptic, Galla and Haussa, suggests
that they are even the most primitive part of the language.
It almost suffices to exhibit the fundamental Tuarik system
o^ily. In the first person there is no distinction of gender,
nor indeed always in the third person singular.

Accus, after Verb.

Dative,

Me

i

i

rk, ke, ku — Samsa,

Thee,w.

k, kai

ak

1 Coptic, Arahic, Galla
( and JDankali,

Thee,/.

kem, em

am

Him

t (0 Xah,)

as

Her

tet (t Xah.)

as

Accus, after Verb.

Dative,

In Haueea,

Us

naf

anaf

I, na

You, m.

kawen

akawen, awen

Thou, m. ka, kai

Kah, kon

Kah, awen

Thou,/ki

You,/

kemet

akement

He, xi, sa

Kah. kont

Kah, akent

She, ta, tai

Them, m.

ten

asen

We, mu

Kah, 0en

Ye, ku

Them,/

tenet

Kah, Gent

asenet

They, sa.

In the third person the h of Hebrew and Arabic becomes b
in Libyan ; so it does in Amharic, in Galla (s or x), in Dankali :
nay, it is now agreed that «, 8un in the Assyrian are all but'
identical with « ff^n in the Libyan. We hence proceed to the

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13

ISOLATED PRONOUNS.

Most of these have the appearance of being elongated from
the fragmentary, except indeed the first person singular.

Kabail,

Tuarik,

Dialects,

I

nekki

nek, nag (idaf )

nix, naxan,
naxxin

Thou, m.

ketxi

kai (daf )

xitxi, kiyyi,
xaqqin, xak

Thou, /.

kemmi

kem (da)

ximmi

He

netta

enta

neter (?)

She

nettaG

entadi

netee

Kabail

Tuarik,

DiaUeta,

We. w.

nukni

nekni

neknin, netxinin

We,/.

nukenti

neknite'p

Ye, w.

kunwi

kawenif.

-

agawen

xakawin.

Ye, /.

kunumGi

kamafef,
agumet

kunni

They, m.

nuGoi

entenif

They,/.

nuGenti

entenetef

nitenin

For emphasis -ni, -un, -unin, -da, -idaf are added to several
of these forms.

In Coptic Enok (also Anof) means I, i^hich seems to account
for f final, in the first person singular of the Libyan verb;
suggesting that Nek, Kag, Nix was once Nef. The syllable
neQ is found in Coptic both with Thou and with He, both
with Ye and with They. This may lessen our wonder that
Enta in Arabic means Thou and in Tuarik means He. N,B.
Sebrew Anoki, Coptic Enok, Aasyrmi Anaku, Libyan Nek, for I.

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14

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2

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:fe;B

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16 PEEP08ITION8 TTL/L AND EN.

In Amharic, Sela means propter, prae, pro, and Tela means
stne (without). The last has made me think it possible that
Fila, Ula, without {sine), may be native Berber, not imported
Arabic. But fuller knowledge is requisite. (Assyrian has Balu,
without ; yet Arabic JBela is generally deemed modem.)

After an interrogative particle or any true relative pronoun
the prepositions become postpositions, as in Latin quihuscum ;
so Mas, whereby; Wa def, Elli f, wherein^ etc. Yet in Ghadamsi,
Eski, in quo ; Mat. 3.

The preposition En, Ke (of) exists in Kabail as in all other
Libyan tongues, also in Coptic, Haussa and Songhay; yet
from a mischievous imitation of Arabic ill understood, Kabail
constantly supersedes this simple preposition, as the follow-
ing examples will explain. Because the Arabs say Dar et-
tejir, "the house of the merchant," the Kabails give us
Ar-Kabbi, of God; Am-Musa, of Moses; Ah-Hairidus, of
Herod; Ay-Yollana, of John; Ammis aw-wargaz, Son of
man. Also (apparently because in Arabic Min (from) some-
times supplies the place of our Of) the Kabail uses Gi instead
of Ne; under what limitations, I have not learnt.

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18 EABAIL A, AA OF THE PBESICATE.

The element a in Aa, Aayi (here) seems to hare been the
basis of the pronoun This, of which the feminine is or T,
reminding one of the Arabic Aelik, xlle^ Tilk ilia. The Kabails
make a use of this letter a which seems to have no parallel
in the other Libyan tongues; it may therefore reasonably be
ascribed to imitation of Arab syntax. In both languages the
present tense of the verb To Be is wanting. In a simple
sentence where it is called by logicians the Copula, the Arabs
habitually make Hu (he) Hie (she) Hom, Homma (they) do
duty for it in all three persons. Thus in Arabic, as nearly
in Hebrew, Se is used for Am, Art, Is. [In Hebrew, " Jehovah,
he God," means "Jehovah t» God."] In Arabic, Ana hu melek,
'< I am king." So, as I think, in Kabail, ITekki a agelliA, ought
to be explained ^^1 am king ;" that is, the a or ca is inserted
to mark the Predicate of the sentence. With a feminine, Et
serves the same purpose. [In John iv. 26, vi. 20, Sidi Hamet
translates "It is I" by Ea nekki, Ea nekkini, quasi oiro^
iyo)?'] Before a feminine noun which (exceptionally) begins
with a vowel I find Ea, not Et; as John xix. 27 Gayyini
CA yammak, "this is thy mother:" but in general we have
A£l£am a amellal " the house is white " (m.), and " GagmarO
et tamellelt" (f.), "the mare is white."

K.B. — In Kabail, as in Hebrew, when a letter is doubled,
the aspiration is dropped ; thus KeG6a (he) (whose plural is
NuOni) becomes Netta ; E6 OagmarO becomes Et tagmarO. Also

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KABAIL USE OF AT. 19

nO is always changed into nt for euphony. Farther, (for
increased emphasis?) the Kabail word Ayi (Agi) this, which
has the same meaning as the a, is superadded to it, making
AycA with the sense of Am, Art, Is, etc., as ITekki aycA
Jibrili, **1 am Qtibriel." Hamet surfeits one with the a, as :
Ea Baba, ayA amaqran, ** The Father, he is great, etc." This
A is used to denote the indirect as well as the direct predi-
cate, as in Hamefs I£Aam aman a axrab, ''he made water
{to he) wine."

AyeA, in masculine, entails Ayet in feminine. Thus : Netta
ayA el-Mesiail, "He w the Messiah;" but Oamei^uG agi ayet
tuzint, mulier haec est pulcra;" Ennasma ai/et tai;ezfant, ''the
ostrich is tall."

Thus far, the Ay is native Libyan ; but besides this, the
Kabail borrows from Arabic, ayy«, fulcrum for suffix pronouns
also Ayyi ? who ? interrogative and relative ; and its equivalent
Ain in modem Arabic. [Axu for Aixu, Jb \J^ ,^] dominates
in Kabail]. It may be doubted whether the natives themselves
understand the triple use which they make of the element Ay,
which Hanoteau rightly denotes as (in some cases) simply
emphatic. Hamet, for instance, has Ayy-as-ak ay farllai;,
"In thee have I rejoiced." The first Ayy is the Arabic
fulcrum; the second is hard to explain; unless we translate
it verily, behold/ S^ of old Greek.

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EKT, EKBT, KX7ERET. 25

Ekt in Ghadamsi means A UttUy ^d also means Nothing in
reply to the question How mucli ? perhaps meaning " not even
a little." Such omission of the negative particle is a constant
obscurity in many modem tongues. Freeman explains Fan
(Eo) to mean all; in Hanoteau it means '' None at all" But
Eket for All, the whole, in Barth and Hanoteau, is further
complicated by Hanoteau's rendering WTiile (Comme, H.T.
p. 177) by Eket; also Eket di ur, avant que, H.T., p. Ill,
Sekket (avant que), H.T. 208, and Man e ket {how much?), which
Hanoteau explains " quoi de totality ? " [ Why not. What of
quantity ?]. Eket, the whole, followed by a Genitive or Suffix
Pron. is common in Barth ; but he also uses the word Eurret
for it, which does not appear in Hanoteau or Ereeman. Nor
does he use Imda, Emdan for tout, tous. Eket may seem to be
three different words ; first, in Ghad. somewhat, a quantity, as
Quidpiam, a whit; next, more like Quoad, for until or hefore;
THTBDLT, to mcau Cuuctus or TO irav. In the last sense we
may connect it with Ah, all or every ; in the two former with
a Relative k. (But it must be remembered that in Greek and
Latin iravr and cunct, cunque, are probably derived from
Eelative Q, E, IT, as also the Latin Causa.) ^^S\^^>|^«l sense
of Certain is probably imported from Arabic./ - A, \ '':.

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DEMONSTEATIVE PEONOIJNS.

Before a Participle the Libyan languages seem all .to, have the
equivalent of the Greek article o, ly, to. This combination is
hardly translateable in English, French| or Latin. German is
nearly equal to it, except that it has not an organic Future
Participle. I ask leave to liranslate this by Greek.

.0, TO

V.rb
oi. h
al,&

Fbench.

le
la

les (m.)
les (/)

Eabail.

wa, win
0a, Gin
ayan, wiAak
GiAak

TUABIK.

wa

ta

wi

ti

Shilha. 1 Ghadamsi.

ki, elli, a ki, wa

ti 1 ti
[In the Galla we find
m. Kuni,/.Tuni,this.]

In Shilha, A yiramelen seems to mean to ipx<ifJ'€Vov, quidqutd
veniaty and A yizwareti, to wpOfioXop, quidqutd jpraecedat ; A
for Wa.

Eude as we may think the Ghadarasi, one may envy the
delicacy of their formulas, Wa yurfen, 6 ypd'^ra^f he who
wrote; Wa yeturfen, 6 ypd(f>a)V, he who writes; Wa yetidurf,
6 ypdylrwv (?) he who will write or is to write, [In a few such
phrases I find Ki for Wa.] In Shilhan poetry, K ayi d ifkan
o €/Aol Sou9, he who gme to me. This is the idiom even in
prose; but the longer demonstratives seem then to be oftener
preferred. Win for Wa, WiAak or Ayydn for Wi. Thus
Win ifkan, o Sou9, he who gave ; Win itekken {for Itef ken),
o hiZov^y he who gives; Wa arayefk, 6 hdxrtov, he who is fo
give. The languages here incline more to the Amharic than to
the Arabic, in adding dependent pronouns as prefixes to the
verbs. The pronominal syntax is quite independent of Arabic.

In Shilhan prose the indeclinable relative Elli seems ordinarily
to supersede both Wa and Ei before the participle, and even
in poetry; — as, Iwelli k iddemin, rot? ae Tuaa-o/iivpi^, to
those who beseech thee.

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29

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30 PLUKALS. ADJECnTES.

In comparison to Arabic, the formation of the Plural may be
called regular in Libyan. Ordinarily it is denoted by final -in,
as in Chaldee and in Arabic participles ; also initial A ordinarily
changes to I. Sometimes instead of final -in, we find a short
vowel lengthened or other vowel change, as, Adaged, ape^ pi.
Idugad {Tuar.). Final -n makes the 3rd p. pi. in verbs also, as
in classical Arabic. — These remarks hold good with aU the
Libyan languages.

In all of these, proper Adjectives are very rare. Sidi
Hamet, in translating Matt. vii. 26, renders **a foolish man"
by " an ass man.'* Hanoteau justly observes that Participles
in general do duty for Adjectives. Many Verbal Nouns may
be either Substantive or Adjective, as AmeksuS, a coward, or
cowardly. But Freeman seems to be right in contending that
the languages have (in number very scanty) true Adjectives ;
sometimes side by side with equivalent participles. Thus,

Gezul, adf, short ; also Igezulen, partietple, short
SamiS, cold, frigidus ; IsammiSen, do.
Ixeggaf, adf, red ; Ixeggafen, do. ;

nearly as in Latin ruber and ruhens, frigidus and frigens.
Adjectives of colour and of geometrical dimension are chiefly
prominent; but there are a few besides. In Shilha, Freeman
will, no doubt, claim Ilha, koXo^;, handsome (physically or
morally), fern. Telha, y^aX^, as adjectives ; yet the participle
Ilban is equivalent. The simple adjective can always be used
with ** is (m^)," understood ; as, Enta gezul, he (is) short ; and
indeed in this one tense it is conjugated as a Yerb, but with a
present meaning. This is Hanoteau's reason for calling it
a Verb.

A few remarks are now needed on the Libyan Verb, which

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THE YEEB. 31

differs little in the four languages. The standard tense (the
Aorist* of Hanoteau) is well exhihited in Tuarik. Let us take
as a cardinal verh, with Preeman, Irgel, he fastened up, he
locked up, imprisoned. [In Preeman, initial ya is not always
ad libitum replaced hy I.]

Sing. 3. Tergel or Irgel,/. TergeL
2. Tergelad.

1. Ergelaf.

Plur. 3. Ergelen, /. Ergelenet.

2. Tergelem, /. Tergelemet.
1. Nergel.

In the 2nd p. sing, the final £? is X or f in Kabail. Also the
initial T in all four cases becomes in Kabail 6. Initial Y marks
the 3rd p. sing, as in Arabic, Hebrew, Amharic, and Haussa.
It is worth while to exhibit the Haussa tense, as given by the
Rev. Mr. Schon. The root of To Love in Haussa is Soh.

Haussa Aorist.
3. Amavit m, Yasoh, Xisoh. /. Tasoh. v\'TT7
2. Amavisti Kasoh, fern, Kisoh. Z^-' "~

1. Amavi Nasoh. t^Y

8. Amaverunt Susoh.

2. Amavistis Kusoh.
1. Amavimus Musoh.

Whether the Haussa Grammar has been re-made, since lEe
Arabic religion and language began to act on it, we have no
means of knowing. If we may believe that Ya, Ta and Su, as
isolated Haussa pronouns, are primitive and of age co-ordinate
with Arabic, they will throw light on more than one formation.

* " Aorist'* here answers to what in Arabic and Hebrew
is called the Perfect. ** Aorist" in Sayce's Assyrian is the
Future, Present, or Imperfect of Arabic,

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32 WILL. SHALL. KAY. MUST.

But to a superficial view, Haussa is a language of great sim-
plicity, whicli has used up old materials from many more ancient
languages surrounding it. For instance, the word What? is
expressed by 1. Mi, Mek ; 2. Kaka ; 3. Wa ; 4. Ena lArahio ?J,
Wohna. When we find a Haussa verb or noun in common with
all the Libyan dialects, this does not at all prore that the
Haussa was the origin: yet it is worth while to notice such
cases, as well as in the Pronouns. In the first person singular
the final f of course represents the k of Nek, I, ( Coptic Enok,
Anof). Just so in Assyrian, Sakin, he made, Saknaku, I made
{Sayce^a Gram,),

The Future Tense of the Libyan (which serves also as a
Subjunctive Mood) is formed by prefixing A a or Ed, as Ed-
irgel, he will fasten; but dependent pronouns will then be
placed between the tense mark and the verbal root, as Ed-a^-
irgel, he will fasten thee. In Freeman we have Edi-nirgel,
for, We will fasten, but in all my other authorities the d
vanishes by contraction into Ennirgel. — This d often vanishes
in Hanoteau's Tuarik before a dependent pronoun; as, [Han.
T- p. 140] A as ekfef, for, Ad-a«-ekfej;, "I will give to him,^*
— Such inaccuracy of pronunciation must, no doubt,/ occur in
many other cases. '

Another tense, that' appears as a Future, may generally be
rendered by Must or Shall, as opposed to simple futurity. In
Hamet's Bougie it is formed by Ara preceding the verb or
Participle ; nay, in the form of Arad it strengthens the Future.
Thus Ara-k-haAraf, '*I must thee tell," Ara-kun-a&abraf, I
must you inform; Winna addilulan, rb natum; Winna araddi-
lulan, rb nascendum. I have ventured to render in Hamet,
Aradyiskar faeturus est, as opposed to faeiet ; but it must not

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PBESENT IDEA. 33

be omitted^ that this Ara or Ar in Shilha makes the Present
Tense, as if Ara meant now, even now. On reviewing the
complex verb of Amharic, a language closer to Arabic and
Hebrew, than is the Lybian, it does not seem superfluous to
inquire whether the distinction Ara and Aradd as tense marks
after Akkenni or some other vague Libyan conjunction may
not be parallel to that of veniret, or to venerit in contrast to
veniret. Interrogations to a native well and subtly devised
can alone decide such questions- Hanoteau, as Zouave, and
indeed as Tuarik, gives the harsher sound Fa (which he writes
r*a) for Ara; and tells us that in the Tuarik it also passes
into Ha. In Hamet one may sometimes put May and Can
instead of Musty as a translation of Ara, — as, Akkanni ara-y-
fuk, in order that it may be finished ; {so may it be . . . . ) ;
Amek ara-yili, how can it be ? (how is it possible ?). While
Ara (varied by Afa, Aha) is found at least in three of the four
languages, its different sense in Shilha arrests generalization.

The present Tense (which Hanoteau calls the Idea of Habi-
tude) is formed in several diflerent ways, with no essential
difference in any of the Libyan tongues; (I) by reduplication,
as Ifiren, he chose ; Iferren, he chooses ; Ima, he added, Irennu,
he adds. Exactly thus, the Assyrian had as normal method,
(Sayce's Gr.) Iskun, he made, Isakkin, he makes. This form
belongs in Libyan chiefly to roots that have only two conso-
nants, and to those of three consonants in which the two
former have no separating vowel: as Igzem, he cut, pruned,
hewed, Igezzem, he cuts, prunes, hews. — (2) by prefixing T ;
which in Kabail sometimes becomes a 8, sometimes takes the
lisping sound Ts. This second method prevails so much, that
it may seem to be the regular way: perhaps it is the most

3

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34 MOODS OF THE YEEB.

modern. — ^(3) by adding long a or ai, especially with derived
Causative verbs ; as Isgen, he caused to sleep, lulled to sleep,
Isegnaiy he lulls to sleep. This also has analogy in Assyrian,
Issakin, it was made, Issakan, it is made (Sayce's Comp. Gr.
p. 77). — (4) by some other vowel change, which cannot be
sharply defined, and therefore needs only slight mention here,
as Issag, he looked, Issiggi, he looks. — The Causative verb,
as in Amharic, Aramaic and Assyrian, is formed by prefixing
S to the root. This is universal in the Libyan.

The Imperative Mood has virtually two tenses, as in Greek,
rypai^oi/, ypd<f>€, the one formed from the aorist, the other
from the present tense, which (as in the Greek) yields the
idea of Habit. I^othing is more regular than the termina-
tion : Erwel, flee thou ; pi. m. Erwelet (ErweleG), flee ye,
pL /., Erwelmet or ErwelemG.

A passive Verb is formed in analogy to Aramaic, by prefixing
Iki or Taw; or sometimes simple T; likewise a Reciprocal
Verb by M prefixed, which also often expresses the passive
idea. "No reason appears for doubting that the same formations
exist with the same sense in the lees-known languages of this
class. In ShUha various examples are at hand ; in Qhadamsi
the materials are scanty, yet the Present tense formed by T
is visible enough; so are a few formations by M and S for
the reciprocal and causative verb.

From every tense which in Europe we call the Indicative
Mood the Libyan makes a Participle by adding -an at the
end, and prefixing I or Ye as in the 3rd p. sing. In Kabail
the Participle is indeclinable; but in Tuarik it varies with
gender and number. The latter must be accepted as more
ancient, as in the comparison of ancient and modem Greek,
or indeed Latin with modem Italian.

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DEBITED TEKBS. ITITMEBALS. 35

Although in general derived forma of the Verb £(tipersede
composition with adverbs or prepositions, two loccil adverbs
play a part with verbs of motion very similar to that of
the Latin ad and per. Thus Yusa, Yusa-d, may be rendered
v^ity adventt; the final d is transposable in syntax. So from
YewaJ, he reached, arrived, we get YewaL-in, it amounted
to; it reached up to this; with the same slight change of
sense as in Arabic Balaf, it reached, it amounted to; then in
the Causative verb IseJan, he counted (an amount) the pro-
nominal -an seems to become radical. — Certain Tuarik verbs
are modified by adding -et to the root; [with what change
of sense, seems as hard to explain as why certain Latin verba
become " deponent."] Hanoteau thinks it expresses " transi-
tion into a state,'* words which I interpret, as comparing this
-et with the final -esco, of Latin Inchoative verbs. We know
that this -esco often has no sensible force. So in Tuarik, Talfa,
a command, co-exists with Illif^^, he commanded. Nothing
transitional here appears.

THE TTJAEIK NUMERALS.

1. fw. Yin, /. Yet, Yat.

2. m. Sin,/. Senatet.

S. m. K!eraJ,/. KeraSet.

4. m, Okkoz, /. Okkozet.

5. m. Semmas, /. Semmuset.

6. m, Sedis, /. Sediset.

7. m. Essa,/. Essahat.

8. m, Ettam, /. Ettamet.

9. m, Tezza,/. Tezzahat.
IQ. m. Merau, /. Meraut.
20. Senatet temerawin.
30. Kera£et temarawin.

40. Okkozet temarawin.
50. Semmuset ,,
60. Sediset „

70. Essahat „

80. Ettamet „

90. Tezzahat „
100. TimiSi „

200. Senatet temiJi.
1,000. Agim.
2,000. Sin ig6man.
100,000. EfeL
200,000. Sin efeian.

[Freeman writes SeSis, seven, with hard d, as the dialect of Ghat.]

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36 OBDEB OF TOCABULABIES.

The Kabail has adopted the Arabic numerals, and entirely
disused those which are native to Libyan, except those for
•One and Two. For Timiii (100), the Mozabi (Ho) has
Tuwentst, pi. Tuwenisan. It is remarkable that in Sedis, «iar,
the Libyan retains the original form which has been corrupted
n Arabic and Hebrew. In the numerals 2, 5, 6, 8, 9 we see
marks of a common origin for the three languages.

In consulting the Dictionary, the Root must be looked for
in the Yerbs, dropping such prefixes as have been indicated,
and in general taking no notice of Towels as fixing the place,
nor indeed of W or Y. With nouns it is chiefly important
to drop the feminine prefix T or 0. Thus 0ala must be
looked for under L, 0ayuga and 0iwaggewin, under G,
Yiwan under N, but AuGul, AOemma under 0. The adjectives
are so closely related to verbal participles, that it is natural to
class them with the verbs. In general, the Yerbs carry with
them the aspect of high antiquity. Beyond question the same
is true of many Nouns here registered, which we cannot refer
to a verbal root. But inasmuch as further knowledge is likely
to prove that other Nouns come from Sudan or from Eastern
Africa, it is thought more convenient to register apart from
the Yerbs all the Nouns of whose verbal origin within the
Libyan language we are ignorant.

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37

ARRANGEMENT OF MY ALPHABET.

Yowels I B, D A 2^, F, G J, r, H n, ^ K, L, M, N, Q, R, S,
W, Y. ) T e, T, X, Z S.

L and T seldom have distinction of sense, and may generally,
if not always, be exchanged. The L sound seems to prevail,
except in the Kabail of the Lowlands.

Li looking out among Verbs, it must be remembered that 9,
T, M, N are often added grammatically ; so S at the beginning
of a Causative verb.

Even in the list of Nouns, the feminine mark 6 or T at the
beginning must be neglected in the search. Thus 9a|;anu8
must be looked for under T, at Tos, and Gala, Awal under L.

va verb active.
vn verb neuter.
vp passive verb. .
vc causative verb.
vr reciprocal verb.
imp, imperative.

Abbeeviations.

aor. aorist.
pr. present.

na noun of action or gerund.
pc, participle.
adf. adjective.
pi. plural.

For Abbreviations of Names, in reference, see at bottom of
p. 11, above.

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38

KABAIL YERB8 and VERBALS, nrcLiTDiwo ADJECTIVES.

Fbfvel Words.

Tuwi, bring, {aor,) tmp.y
AwwI-d, bring hither, pr,
Itawwi, he brings, na Gawin,
Giwin, the act of bringing.
Tuwi, in Hamet's version of
the Gospels, is yery com-
mon and perplexingly vague.
It means, not only hrtn^, con-
duct, fetch, but take, ccmry
away ; Awid anyar, let us
see, ^kp IBcDfiev,

Tuwa (Yuba), it is ripe, it
was cooked, pL Uwen, fut,
AAyu. Ewan, dressed, cooked
(meat). Ho.

ve imp, Seyu, cook thou, aor.
Isuwa, pre%, Isuwai.

Aiyau, come ye ! HP 124, his.

[N.B.— The Kabails seem to
have learned to use Arab ^ in
their native words. Indeed in
Ghadamsi it displaces c.]

Sabir? Luke vi. 38. Awan
isabra, to you it shall be
measured. Gatsabbiram, pr.
ye measure.

vr Misabbaran(they measured
themselves together ?) i.e.
they wrestled, Han., Br.

£udi,what is enough, Mat. x. 24.

Ansud, we are satisfied, John

xiv. 8.
Isadzan, slothful, Mat. xxv. 26.
Asaggun, dumb, Mat. xii. 22,

Luke i. 20. Delaporte, jun.

says, Asaggunt, stammerers,

Agugam, dumb.
Isaul ? Mat. xxii. 3. TJr isaul

ara, non voluit (?).
Isallag, he constrained? Mar.

vi. 45.
£amdawa, cheer up ! Mat. xiv.

27.
£aned, imitate, Br.
Isansan, was imprisoned, Mar.

i. 14.
Esarra, to soil, Ho.
Asrak, make ready. Gen. xviii. 6.
Asraf, taste thou, Br., pr.

Isarref . Israf, he tasted,

tried, John ii. 8, Luke x.

25 ; but, he tempted, Luke

X. 25.
Asf af, hem (linen).
Sazeben, ils sont partis, HP

Perhaps Aral. lAeb, he de-
parted. If so, the £abail

here outdoes Arabic in use

of s.
Asazzug, deaf, pi. Yesazzugen

(or with Arabism),^^.£azazga.
Aszag, Oasazzeg, deafness.

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TTAHATL VEEB8 AND TEBBAXS.

39

B.

Ebbi, nip off, cut off, aor, Ibbi,
pr. lOebbi, na Bubbia, 0a-
wabbia. Wi ibbuin, *'the
robber," HP 96.

Yubba (see Yuwa), was ripe,
well cooked.

ve Isub, lie cooked, ripened,
pr. Isebbu, pc, Isebbuan,
who ripens, HP 377.

Basbas, baa, bleat, Han., pr,
Itebasbis. Esbaboh, bleat.
Ho.

Ibad, Ibbed, he stood, halted,
ceased, i^i\^%mp. Ebbed, pr.
Itbed, Br., Itadded (for
Itabded ?), Han. Ibad, was
stopt (by his horns). Gen.
xxii. 13 ; Ibad affa, refrained
from. Gen. xi. 6, 8, na ^
nbaddid, upright. Abaddid,
an upright, a pUlar, Gen.
xxxi. 13.

ve Esbed, cause to stand,
halt, stop, Br., Sebdid, do.

IbbaX, he arrived. Zouave for
YuwaJ, or rather Yuwaf .

Ibaddal, it was divided, split,
John vii. 43, nearly as Sehr.
Hibdal. But in Arabic Badal
means exchange,

Ibder, he mentioned ; freq. in
the Shilha of Sidi Ibrahim.
Bederef, I mentioned, HP
344, and elsewhere, for Re-
membered. Compare Heb.
Dabar.

Yebuf, Ibfa, he wishes, intends.

is about (to do). In Tuar.
Ibuk. Heb. HVi seek, en-
treat ; also Arab. ^Jo in 8***

form. Ibfa, he wished, willed,
would, liked, loved, pr.
Ibaffu, po, Ibaffun, is very
common in Hamet ; but the
noun for Will (Yoluntas)
with him is Lab(i, which
shows that the word is felt
to be Arabic. Indeed he
has Ibfayak, oportet te, John
iii. 7, and Ibfa iwanna
aAizmer, oportet illi ut
praevaleat, John iii. 30,
with the sense of Arabic
vii*** Yenbafi.

Bejbaj, prate, prattle ? Abejbaj,
prattler, B.

Ebges, gird thyself, (esp. for
for battle). In Tuar. trans-
posed, Egbes]. aor, Ibges,
pr, Itagges for Itabges, na.
Abgas. Aggus, Abaggus, a
girdle, sash, dimin. Gabag-
gusO, ^?. Gibuggasitin.

Abaffax, maimed, Mar. ix. 43.

EbUad ? ImabHad, steep, Mat.
viii. 32.

Abejjafl, (lion) who bounds,
springs, HP 149,

Ibak, was astonished, Mark x.
24.

Ubku, bandy legged, V.

Abiikux, dumb, Y.

Bellaf, Han., Bellas , Br., imper,
shut (the door), Ebelaf, Ho,

Abulaq, striped, Gen. xxxi. 8.
10.

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40

KABAIL YEJELBS AND T££BALS.

Benin, savory (in taste), Br.,

fem, Beninet, pi, Beninit.
TJr af banent, non nobis valeni f

HP 25.
Ebnan, " ont resolu,'* HP 38.
BenaA, springing (water), Gen.

xxvi. 19.
Ibanda, (the sea) was excited,

Mark viii. 24.
Ibra, he set free, divorced, re-
leased (from the yoke), with
dative : imp. Ebru, pr,
Iberru, na Aberru, ^^.Ibran,
removed, John xx. 1.
vo Isebra, (a judge) di-
vorced.
vp Inebra, he was divorced,
na Inebnln ; also partic.
S inabran, at liberty,
Luke iv. 18. With pro-
nom. d, Ibrad, Mat. xiv.
22., pr, Ibarrud iyimu-
raz, liberat captivum. Mar.
XV. 6, and Innabrad.
Ibar? it is veiled, covered,
w. Ibar, coverlet, Gen. iii. 7.
Abruf, I am hidden. Gen.
iv. 14, pc. Ibran, hidden,
Mat. xiii. 35. GabbarO,
GawwarG, curtain ? door (of
tent?)
vp Ituabber? na Gawabra,

concealment. See Effer.
vc Isbur, he clothed, pr,
Isburru, na Asburru, As-
bur, clothing.
Berrik, it is black, na Gebrik,
blackness ; adj. Abrekan,
black.
vc Seberik, blacken thou,

aor, Iseberik, pr, Isiberik,

na, Aseberak.

Ibren, he twisted, spun, turned
right round [(oT/oec^) cf.
Arab. Berem.J pr, Iberren.
na Abran, po, adj, Ibranan,
perverse. Mat. xvii. 17.
Ubrin, braided, plaited, HP
341.

Ibraz, he cleansed, purified.
Luke iii. 17, John xv. 2,
he arranged, Br. under Grdre,
Ibraz, devout, Luke ii. 25,
pure (ointment), John x. 3,
pc, Ibarzan, passive cleansed.
Mat. xxiii. 27.

Bessel? Itbessel, prattle, Br.
Ambessel, prattler.

Ibq^u, he rent, split, divided,
pi, Baqwpun. Also passive^
Abfan, Gen. vii. 2, x. 18.
nu, Alypuf , Baq^pu, division,
schism; compare Arab. Ba£s
— a piece. Heb. Badad.

Bex, make water. Ebex,
urine, Ho., pi, Ibexxan.

Bexbex? Gibexbex, levity of
behaviour, HP 246.

Ibaxa, is visible, outside;
opposed to Iddurgan,
screened, hidden, Luke xi.
40.

IbzeA=Ibex, he made water,
pr, IbezzcA, na Ibizdan,
urine; also cours de ventre^ Y.

Ibzeg, was wetted, va or he
wetted, va Br. ; aUo^ is
swollen, HP 175, 314, (for
which sense Y. has Ibziq)
and Br. pr, Ibezzag; na

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KABAJL YEBBS AND YEBBALS.

41

Azzug, for Abzug, moisture,

Han.

ve Isebseg, lie wetted; —
washed, Luke vii. 44.
AA-isabzaj, that he may
dip, Luke xvi. 24.

vp Ittezzeg, for Itebzeg.

(2) Abazzug, a rent, Mar. ii.

1, pc. Ibazgan, rending.
Ibzaj, fern, 0abzaj it is grown

up, Mat. xiii. 32; compare

Ibizan, herbs.
Ibzen, he paid a salary, Ho.,

Abzan, a cowrie, V.
Ibzer, give. Ho., [but qu.]

0ebzerO, tribute. Ho. ; [qu.

a gift ?] from Arab. BoAer ?

as MobAir, prodigal, Han.

Gr. 264, has Garzef, a gift.

DA A.

[The Kabail often has a for
d of the Tuarik or Sbilha, and
A is apt to become Arab. ^ .
Zouave also has the thick d or
dh ^jo for thick ^ t of Bougie.]
Idda, he walked, went [a native
root, side by side with Arab.
Isadda, he passed by.] imp,
Eddu,^. iGedda, na Te wada.
vc Seddu, cause to go ; aor,
Iseddu, pr. Iseddai. Ak
iseddan , te ire - f aciens.
Mat. V. 41,
Giddi, a march, i.e. the dis-
tance walked without stop-
ping. Gikli (a going) is also
used for the na Tewada.
Eui, approach, arrive. See

Awef . In Han. Kab. Gr.
p. 317, GeggoJ, ur eggiS, be-
gan (quarrel).

Yudu, he rolls or folds up
(linen), V. Perhaps Shilha.

Eddab, serve, Gen. xxvii. 29,
Mat. iv. 10. See Idwam ;
Iddab, laborious, Mat. xxiv.
45 (akli iyallllan iddab, servus
fidelis(et)laboriosu8). Comp.
Earth's Adabab, expert, Tu.
Also John iv. 38, Insaddaban,
they laboured; which sug-
gests that Arab l^S^ punish,
torment, is the source. To
increase uncertainty, four
times in Hanoteau the verb
is rendered Vanquish ; Edde-
ben, HP 119, they have
vanquished; Iddeben, van-
quisher, HP 121, 127, 274.

YuAcf, he entered : — this verb
does not appear as ordinary
Zouave, and may seem pecu-
liar to the Ben. Men., Ben.
Moz., and "Wergela. Yet
Hanoteau in Kab. poetry has
it, pp. 178, 189, 216, 413.
It is also Shawia, i,e, low
country Kabail.

Eddef, feeling. Ho. touch ? Br.
has S eddefen, a bout poHant,
i.e. en touchant.

Eddaf, hold, is probably the
Efpaf of Bougie.

Edaf, joke. Ho. (but qu.)

IJfi, he is defiled, HP 197.

ieffes, subjugate, HP 70,

AAgal, ph lAgalen, widower.

OaAgalt, OuAgalt, a widow, pL

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42

KABAIL VERBS AND VEBBAL8.

GiAgalin. BiAgalt, widow-
hood. See XJgil.
Idegger, lie darted, Br., he

flung, HP 191, 311, 313.

But liegger, he flung down,

HP 192, and lAegger, d**-

HP 311.
AA[;a, 8ont hahituSs, HP 33.
lifan, pi. ipaisseSy HP 137;

qu. Aifan ?
Idafl, prefecit, defeett ? cast (the

young), Gen. xxxi. 38. [Ibr.

8hil. DaHind, drove out

(enemies).] In Matt, icxiv.

49. Iduflan seems to mean

defeett sunt, evading the word

drunken ; as by Ifq^al.
lAhu, he amused himself. See

Izhu.

vo IsoAha, caused to amuse
himself.
Adhae, bravery, HP 26. See

Tuarik. Aichan, brave man.
Edj, leave, let, forgive, put

forth. See under J.
lAuk, it was shaken up, Luke

vi. 38. [Ar. Dokk, to ram ?]
Aukkel, Aekawel, Dekawel,—

difficult roots.

(1) Idakowel, he reposed,
Ho., but qu,

(2) lAekawel, vn he awoke,
pr, ItcAekwel, Mar. xiii.
34.

vo IsAekul, he woke (an-
other), imp, Sedekwel.
GFen. xxi. vigilavit a lacte,
for abstinuit; as if the verb
were like the Greek v^ffxn).

Edwakel, pi. secret parta
of the body, HP 228.

(3) Aukel, Aukkel, vn seems
to combine the same ideas
as French Stre uni: viz.
to be joined, to be smooth
or level. AAekel n ufus,
the^^ of the hand, pL
Idukal, Br. Ho. lAukel,
it was even, flat ? Dukelen,
they were united, agreed.
na, Adukel, union, com-
bination, mixture, Han.
GaAukeli, d*>- Tidukla,
friendship, Br.

vc Sedukkel, assemble, com-
plete. Gen. viii. 22, xi. 29,
bring together, Br. collect
(tribute). IzAukkel, he
conciliated, combined ; he
gathered (wheat). na
AzAukel, Gaddukla; 6a-
ZAuklaO, synagogue. In
Tuarik, the verb seems to
have the primitive sense
of gathering.

vr Imdukkel, be mutually
united, be friends. Am-
Aakkel, a comrade, pi,
ImAukkal. Ameddakul,
d^' Han. Aho AmAakkal,
complete, perfect, Mat. v.
48, John XV. 11. [Arab.
Dakal, gather and flatten
clay.]
Duqax ? Amduqqaxan, they

were angry, John vii. 23.
Del, cover, aor. Idel, IaoI, pr.

Iddal : (EAcla, Ho.) na

GaAuli. [Gaddula, Lukei.9,

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EABAIL TEBBS AND TEBBALS.

43

**liis tum;*^ from Perso-

Arabic Daul.

vp Imdell ?0imdellelt, cover-
ing ; straw hat, Br.
liil, fern, OeXela, HP 205,

393, seems to be rendered

** mounted," but HP 262

Eilun, they besmeared.
Kalled, he surmounted? HP

145.
Idles, va he thatched, na

Adles, rush, stubble, thatch ;

Amdellis, thatched, Br.
EAum, have dominion. Gen. i.

28. At-daum-af , thou shalt

rule, Gen. iv. 7.
Iddem, he lifted up, carried,

carried off, swept away ;

(Lat. tollo.), pr. IGeddem.

tM Ouddema, Gawaddema,

carriage.

vp Ituaddem.
Yudara, itfell?

vc pr. part, issudumen, caus-
ing (rain) to faU, HP 49,

274.
Idwam, he served, six times in

Hamet. But twice. Gen. xv.

14, 15, Iddiham in this

sense.
From TJAem, «. face.

vo IsuAcm, he kissed. Ho.
But see SuAcn.
Demmar, push, aor. Idemmar.

vr Medemmeran, they
pushed mutually, pr, Te-
medemmeran.
(2) Izzadmar, he replied. Ham.

passim, na Azdamar, Mar.

xii. 28.

lAcn, Idden (the cock) crowed,
pr. leeddin Y.

Idenden, it resounded, Br. (Ar.
Tan^en, Lat, Tinnio).

lAwan, he blamed, accused,
John xix. 4. na A a wan,
accusation. Mat. xxvii. 37.

Airi, bad,/. AiriO, pi. Airin,
/. Airint. See Iri.

AAer, come down, na OauAera,
GuAcrin.

Also ra YuAcr, HP 235, 124.
vc SiAer, let down. But Br.
has Ter, come down, be-
fall; which becomes Lev
in Han. So we find Kri,
befell. Wa iJran, what
befell, took place, HP 124,
345, ^r.? Iteiru,HP 419,
137.

Iddar, he lived [probably
perverted Arabic, certainly"
GaddarG, a village, pL Gudder
or Gudrin, must be referred to
Ar. Dar, a dwelling.] Am an
idaran, aqua viva,.John iv. 10.
GuddurO, life, Han. Gftener,
GamaddurO ; also GaddurO,
life, Luke i. 75, John iv. 36.'
Ur addir, he will not live,
Luke iv. 4. Akrayallan a
ass adran, quotquot dies vi-
vunt. Gen. iii. 14.
vc Isidir, he made alive, John
XV. 22, his.

Redupl. Idardar, he lived and
breathed ? Gen. i. 20, Adra-
dran af u na OmaddurO, spi-
rant auram vitaB.

lAorr, he jumped. Ho., but qu.

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44

SABAIL YEEBS AND TEBBALS.

Adrlya, eflfbrt of childbirth ?

Gen. XXX. 9.
Aderdur, deaf, Y.
Aderfal, blind=Ider(ilan, 8id-
. derfalt, blindness.

ve Isdeifal, he blinded, na

Asder[aL Adraflan, they

were blind, John ix. 29,

Mar. vi. 52.

Iderem, it was in ruins. [Ar.

Demmir, demolish.]

vo Isedrem, he demolished,
na Asedrem.
Iderraq, he screened, sheltered,

eclipsed ? Gen. iii. 1, pr.

Itderriq. Idurqan, hidden ;

GadarraqO, a shelter, booth.

Adurruqan, overshadowing.

Mar. ix. 7.

vc IzAurraq, it hid, caused
to vanish, Gen. ix. 11.
Iderrer, he besprinkled.
Ideras ? Ider ? he winked.

Guderasite^, she winked (to

(him ?) with the eye, HP

346.
ESres, thick, close, (secret),

as irvKLvo^, HP' 13, 344.

GemaXeras, thickets, 38.
Edas, Eds, Des (Y.), laugh.

[But Br. has Eit, with t

lisped into tsJ] aor, Idsa, he

smiled (graciously), Gen.

xxxiii. 11 ; pr, Idis. na

GaJesa, laughter, HP 56.

na UseJsu, smiling, HP 75.

Contrast Efqxas, sleep thou.
Daswat ? E6edaswat, sail

(thou?) Ho.

Iddez, pr, lOeddez, crush,
pound, na Guddeza, Gawad-
deza.

Af, upon, concerning, on ac-
count of. (F. in Shilba,
jurantis, as /Is. in Arabic).
Ufay, high. Mat. xvii. 1 ;
Eayyi, over me, more than
I, Mat. iii. 11; Mar. i. 7.

Af, find thou, aor. Yufa, pr.
leaf, hut Ettaf, with sound
tSy Br. Gufam fallas, ye
found against him, i.e, con-
demned him, John xviii. 31.
TJr yafi, he found not, TJra-
faf, I found not ; tf/* becoming
af after negative. AAyaf,
he shall find, I0-yaf, eum
inveniat. Mat. xxiv^ 26.
Passively, Gafa, she was
found, Mat. i. 18. Arayaf,
he shall be found, Luke vi. 7.
na Gufin, Gifin, the finding.
GawaffiO, anything found, Br.
[GawafiG, anger. Gen. xxvii.
45, but quJ]

If, excel thou, be thou better ;
f. Gif, pi Ifen, f. Gifent, Br.
[but in his examples Gif is
not imperative]. Yuf, he
surpassed, was better, Y.,
pr, Itif. [But Yuf may be
Shilha, and If aor, Kab. ?]

Iffi, he poured out ; imp, £ffi,
pr, iGeffi.

Yafa? or YafaO? dawned,
shone. [Tuar.Yeffu]. GafaO

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KABAIL VEKB8 AND YEltBALS.

45

ettefaO, illuxit lux, John i.
5. [But Oafuke and 0efuka
(Ho.) light, suggests Afuk
or Afuq for the root.] Hence
A^u, Tefoit. In Hebrew
Yafas illuxit, Yafa, formo-
sus fuit.
FaA, 8. thirst; EARIa, thirst
thou, aor, IffuA, pr, ItefFaA,
pc IfAan, Mat. v. 6.
Ifif, va he sifted, HP 45.
vn pr, Oetifif, it dribbles as
through a sieve, HP 46.
Also, (the heart) is sifted,
searched, HP 40. See
Sif.
Afeg, fly ! aor. Ifeg, it flew,
pr. Itafeg. na Afag, Br., but
Affug, Han.=Perg, flight.
vc Issifeg, he caused to fly,
na Assifeg. (In Y. Ifif, it
flew, ShHha?) wej Tufift.
Efffef, come out, IfPef, it issued,
he went forth. XJr addiflSf,
non exiit. Gen. viii. 7, pr.
I9.effe[;, na Oawaffa, issue,
Br., also«<i9ufe(;a,0awaffa(;a.
adv. Effof, outside, Ho.
ve Isufef, he drqve out,
drew out. pr. Isufuf, na
Asufef. AssuffaS, exite !
Mar. vi. 11.
Eefnen, snuffle, imp. Br.
E^llm ? Innefellam, HP 235,

in uncertain sense.
Euk, end, finish, perfect, aor*
Ifuk, pr. Itfuk. na Afuku,
Han.y na Efkat, Perfection,
Ho. Anfuk, vn we come to

an end, we perish. Mat. viii.
25. So in present tense.
[Hamet has also Laf kak, the
end. Mat. xiii. 39, with L
as if Arabic, Fukk, pull out !
This would give the idea of
deliver^ save, Mat. xxiv. 13.
But more probably there is
an error.]

Efk, give thou, aor. Ifk, pr.
Itekk for Itef k. w«0awa&a,
also irreg. Gikxi. — In this
verb the fk is apt to become
kk, as TJrakkaG, for Ur afkaO,
Ur attakkaG, ne date, frequent
in Ham. In John x. 28,
Attakfas, I give to him, for
Attafkif-as, the f vanishes
simply.

Ef ker, fasten ? Gef kerG, a lock,
Ho.

IfFal, he appeared on the crest
of a high hill, (mark of a
brave man), HP 248, 250
[super eminuit ?].

Ifla, he pierced, bored, imp.
Eflu, pr. Ifellu, na Fellu,
Gifli. Yafli, a cave, John
xi. 38. Gifli, hole, nostril,
pi. Gefela, Ho., print (of
nails). Amafela-8, his pas-
sage? HP 105.

Ifelali, pi. unsheathed, HP 86.
[qu. glittering? piercing?].

Ifelles, he nailed up, pr.
Itfelles,Br. Amafelas, '* pas-
sage?" HP 105. Seem&.

If alias, is shut, Luke xi. 7,
perhaps incorrect for Iballaf,
yet see Tefalwat in Tuarik.

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46

KA3AIL TEBBS AKD YEKBALS.

Ihia, pi, Efnan. Ifena, it suits
(me), je dois, decet me, HP
344. Joined with iAammen
blood, HP 52, it is rendered
shed (versez), but in 137,
145, iAammen fenan, ^* blood
suits (you)*' appears more
accurate. [In HP 1, Fenan,
** are annihilated," must be
referred to Arabic Tani,
evanescent.]

Ifnez? he split? 0ifenzi9, a
cloven piece, cloven foot,
pL Gifenziwin.

Iff unzer, he bled at nose. Erom
Iffi, and Anzer, nose, na
Affunzer.

Effer, hide ; aor. IfFer, pr,
leeffer.

vp Ituaffir, na Bawafra, se-
crecy. Also as vp Itaffer,
Luke xxiv. 31, he
vanished. Ifri, a lair,
pi, Ifren. Gefert, cover,
sheath.

Efru, make reckoning. Mat.
xviii. 23, estimate, arbitrate,
aor, Ifra, pr, Iferru. Eerrun,
they compromise, are recon-
ciled, HP 220. Giferae,
arbitration, peace, Han.
Tifra0, a reckoning, Mat.
xviii. 24;. wisdom, considera-
tion ? Mat. xii. 42, xxv. 2.

Aferdi, one-eyed, Del. jun.

IfreS, he swept, pr. IferreZ,
na Afra£.

f?^ItuafreJ. AferraJ, sweeper,
Es-ferfuS, rummage, HP
384.

Afrag, 8, court to a house ;
fence ? ^pa/y-fio^ ?
vc Sefreg, fence about.
Asefrag, a hedge ; but As-
ferig, pi, Esferiag, Ho.

Geferef, fern, empty, HP 390.
See Iferes.

Ifren, he picked, picked (his
teeth), chose out. Uferin,
choice (figs), HP 353. Ti-
femi,/, pi. *' belles,'' choice ?
HP 143. Faman, they
gathered, Mat, xiii. 48. Far-
naf, I have elected, John
xiii. 18, and, passim.

Ifrir, climbed up, HP 239;
yet Sefrur, vc shell beans.

Ifres, vn it is empty, clear,

HP 3. Tegunit Oeferes, a

clear area, empty space.

va Perres-ef, I clear off (je

d6friche), Wafrasen, riib-

bish, HP 376, clearings ?

£ut Si ufares, with speed,

HP 238,

Ifsi, vn it is loosened, melted,
pr. Ifessi [Hamet uses Ifsi
and Sefsi m the wide sense
of Latin solvo, deliver up,
loose, let go; especially in
Mat. xvi. 19; xviii. 18, on
loosing and binding.] (Arab.
Pesa, it is split) ; na Afsai.
Gefsut, the spring (of the
year).

ve Sefsi, va loose, melt, pr.
Isefsai, na Asefsi.

Yufes ? WaniAa tufes, where
has he put? HP 15 [perhaps
not literal].

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EABAIL VEEB8 AKD VERBALS.

47

Ifeski, he swathed, pr, Itfeski.

Afsak, an eclipse ; Ifessa£, is

. eclipsed, Br., seem to be

transpositions of Arab. Kesef

and ^esef.
Ifser, he spread out (Arab.

expounded) na Afser, Efser,

itendsy Y.
Afessus, light of weight, Gefsis,

lightness, Fessus, is light.

Anafses, a runner. Ho.

vc Sefsus, lighten.
IfaO, is past and gone, HP

254. SeelM^.
[IfTafl, in Luke, for Reverey in

Gen. xvi. 5, for Do wrong.

Probably Arab. PaXafl, out-
rage.]
Ifxal, he accused, Mar. iii. 2,

but qu,
Fazzi, my wages, Mat. xx. 2.

[Perhaps Arab. PuiSa, silver,

pronounced with thick z.]
Iffez, he chased, pr. IGeffez,

na 0uffeza.

vp Ituaffez.
Fazzi^, false, Mat. vii. 15.

TJfazzif , falsehood, John viii.

44.

vc Isfazzef , be spoke falsely.

G.

(J is ranged separate.)
Iga (in Tuar.), he did, he acted,
pr. I0eg, HP 259, imp. Eg.
(see Imug). This is clearly
the old sense in Kab. also.
Br. has, Ad ig Eabb, %Hl plait
d Dim (May God do it !), and
in the Kab. Poetry of Hano-

teau this sense is frequent ;
thus : Iga, he has done, 71 ;
Ax ar-egef ? what shall I do ?
142; Begam, ye have done,
429; Aa yeg, he will do,
281. So 309, 311, 326, 107,
281. Indeed, Iga 1 ouker, 107,
means, he has made his nest ;
and Anwa igan, pc. What
has made f 79. The number
of these passages shows that
this sense is purely native to
Xabail, 259, iOeg, he makes
(evasions).

(2) Yet, as in Latin rem habere
(cum muliere), an impure
sense has established itself.
Br. and Han. so interpret Eg ;
indeed, Br. gives it as "copu-
late" (of animals). Hence
also Bimegga, coitus, Han.
Further, Hamet distinctly
uses Ijja with -^ orj of illicit
intercourse : as Awwuj, yen.
" stupri," Gen. xxxiv. 7.
Gattag, she commits adultery.
Mar. X. 11, 12. Ijja stu-
pravit, Ur etaju, ne stupra,
Mat. V. both with French j.
So Ur 6aj, Luke xviii. 9,
Mar. X. 19 ; lOej, stuprat,
Luke xvi. 18. In Mar. x.
twice the MS. has k, perhaps
by error for g. See further
under Edj (J.).

(3) Shilha, the verb Iga is
neuter (Fio for Facio ?), and
virtually means he is, like
Sar of the Arabs. Hanoteau
gives us as Zouave the verb

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48

XABAIL TEBBS AlTD YEBBALS.

Yuqqem, he did; whicli

Hamet does not exhibit as

of Bougie, nor do I find it in

."Brosselard.
Yauga, he refused, denied, imp,

Augi, pr. Itaugi, na Bugin.

GugiX, thou refusest, Han.
Gubal? Itgubal, vn he paced,

Ho. See Gorbal.
Gedeha ! bravo ! honor to them !

HP.
YuggaA (YaoggaA, Han.), he

feared, imp, TJggaA, pr,

ItuggaA.

vo IsuggaA, he frightened.
EggoJ? Han. Gr. p. 317, has

for third fern. s. pres. Oeg-

goX, TJr t teggiJ, which he

renders, Be the aggressor,

commence. This is perhaps

an irregular present tense

from EuX, but if so, it has

the Causative sense; Cause

(the fight) to arrive.
Igguf, was swollen, HP 191

(Arab. Juf, hollow).
Iggull, was void and vast.

Gen. i. ; compare Tuar.XJgig,

distant.
Eggaj, migrate, aor, Igguj,

pr, Itigajja [Arab. Hojj and

Hojj]. na, Agajji.

vc Isegaj, has expelled, HP
344. Imeggiji, a nomad,
wanderer, pL Imeggijan,
HP. Almi iqqel igguj,
until he again migrates (?)
Gugul, giggle ? See Ingugul.
Eggal, Gal, swear, aor, Iggul,

pr, Itegalla.

vo Iseggal [Isguli, he made
me swear, Gen. xxiv. 37.]
pr, Isegalla.
vrpl, Mesgallen, they caused
to swear mutually. Agul,
testimony (?), Gen. xxviii.
18. Mesgillen, the tender-
ing of an oath, Han. Gr.
320.
Igul fel, he called upon, in-
vited, Br. Ad i iggal, ut me
invitet, HP 204
Eglad? Gallid? reign thou
[I do not find the verb.]
Heb. Gadol, great : subs,
"WagliAa, rule. Gen. Agul-
lid, Aglid (Axlid, Ghad.)
king. TJgalda, dominion,
Gen. i. 28. Gegulda, roy-
alty, a kingdom.
TJgil, TJjil, orphanhood, be-
reavement. Agellil,^/. Igal-
lilan, poor. See A Aged.
Gigelelt, poverty, Ar.
Agojil, orphan, /. Gegojilt, Ho.
TJgugil, HP 259. fAfugil,
v., perhaps Shilha.J
Iglif ? Amesgelif, imbecile,

HP 223.
Gelillez, wallow.
Agem, draw (water), aor, Yu-
gem, pr, Itagem, fut, Aa
yagum, HP 443. JSenee
Esagum, pitcher.
Gem, come out ? [ A geme, out-
side ; Gema, without ; Barth
Tuarik.]

vc Isegem (a plant pushed out
(leaves, buds), Han, Gr.
na Asegmi. See Im(;a.

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KABAIL YBfiBS AKD YBBBALS.

49

Garni, Eggami, refuse, reject,
forbid, reprobate, Ham. bin*
der, Br. forbid. Mar. ix. 39,
aor. Iggum, pr, Itgami; or

. Iggumma, be refuses, HP
351.

Gen, lie in repose ; cula : sleep,
a(yr. Igen, pL Agnan, pr,
Igan. na Gaguni,

repose. [Eggunin, tbey lie

upon? HP 390.]

vc Isigen, pr, Isigan or Iseg-
nai, cause to recline, etc.

vr Imigen, accubuit? con-
cubuit ? na. Imuggan,
concubitus, concubinage,
Mat. V. 32, John viii.
3, 41, also Br. So Gi-
magniG, GigganiG, Gen.
xix. 32, 33, 34.
Ignunni, be fell down, Br.
Ger, Ager, throw, cast, put

forth, aor. Igra, Igrad, pr.

Iggar. [With j for g in

Mark] na Gaguri, Atguri.

vp Imger, was tiirown, Br.
[Also, root Imger, he
reaped] so Hamet in
Mat. and John.

vr Miegger, Migger, meet
one another, Br. Gam-
yaggar, she comes to meet.
Gen. xxix. 6. [ButEgerG,
meet, Ho.] Yetlmyagran,
casting (the net,) pc. Mat.
iv. 18. Ar amyagr-af, I
will cast, Luke xi. 49.
Imyaggor, Luke vii. 9.
Gamyaggar, she was tossed,
Mar. iv. 37.

Qeri, remain over, aor. Igera,

pr. Itegeri. Ai d igeran,

quod luc restat, HP 146.

As bu igeran, "au dernier

jour,'' HP 131, (Ass, day'i

Bu for Wa ?) See Inger. na.

Gaggara, Gawagra, the end,

Br., last state. Ham.

vo Isegera [ef, ends with,
HP 358.
Auger, exceed, aor. Tuger,

pr. Ituger.

ve Issagar, increase (family
wealth), HP 310.
G^rbal? Et gorbal, to pace.

Ho. See Gubal.
Es-Gebdi (Copt, and Berb.),

to chew. Ho.

ve l8guri<p, he swallowed.
Mat. xxiii* 24.
Es-gurp, to choke (Arab.

Jara£?) Hence Em^ard, the

neck, throat?
Igerfa, he belched, Y., [from

Ar. Tekerras ?]
Egerfef, neglect, Han. E. Gr.

318, 319.
Gerger, coo as dove, Br.
Agergar, one who squints, pi.

Igurgaren, Del., jun.
Igram,"^ he cut off, Mat., Luke,

imp. Garmi.

vp Attagram, fem.y is cut
down, Luke iii. 9. 8e$
Igzam. Gr. KopiiL
Egrireb, roll.

* Perhaps by misprint, j of
Arabic for J. Yet Kurmi, HP
397, seems to mean mutiltu.

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50

KABAIL TEBBS AlTD YEBBALS.

vn Gerurreb, d®- Br. aor.
Igrareb, pr. Itegririb, na
Agrireb.
vo Segmreby na Asegrireb.
Is-gef eguf, it chirps, warbles,

HP 301.
Igrarzan, perfect, HP 372.

See Tuar. Igraz.
Ig^^> 18 much, abounds ;
YuguG, is increased, HP
139. Bugut, plenty, John
iii. 23, HP.

vc pe. IssuguGen, who has
made to abound, HP 128.
Yuggiz, he alighted ; ofteuer

Ijuz in Ham.
Imegguyaz, novices, HP 198.
Egez, watch [Gheez and Berber,

Ho.].
Egzu, vn to pair (of quadru-
peds], perhaps from modem
Arabic Joz for Zoj.
Agzif, broad, Gagzif, breadth,

Ho.
Gezil,Wezil? Dagazlan, short,
Luke xix. 3 ; Gezzil, do. Br.
Magazzil, rent, separation,
Mat.ix. 16. Compare Shear,
Short, and KclpoD, Curtus.
vo Sugzal, interpret, Mat.
ZY. 15 ; also shorten, pare
down. Heb. Gazar, Arab.
Jezel.
Egzem, pare down, va Br., also
vn Igzem, it is split, it is cut,
Han. Br. In Hamet, fre-
quent for cut off, tear off ;
as Gazm-it, cut it off. Mat.
iz. 43. Egazim, sharp. Ho.
TJgazman, the carpenter !

Mat. ziii. 55. Agazman,
one mutilated. Mat. ix. 2.
Agezzam, a slice, pL Igez-
zumen. Ar. Ijzim.

Edj, let, leave ; and Ejji,
be thou healed; ought pro-
bably to be written with a
different consonant. Tu. has
Ezzi, " be healed," with a
peculiar z.
Edj, Ejj ? leave thou, Idja,
Ijja? he left ; indeed vaguely,
reltquit, remisit, omisit, per-
mtsttf ignovity in Hamet.
Venture has Dji, "quit
thou." Edjaia, pardon, Ho.
Etz afus ik (for Edj), Luke
vi. 10, put forth thy hand.
(Also passively. Ad idj, is
left. ) Pronominal d is added
sometimes, as Idja d, Nedja d ;
pr. Itadja, na Udji, Gudjit.
vp Ituadj . Besides, the verb
in Hamet certainly means
also edtdtt, peperit, ffenuit,
as Luke iii. 9, edit fructus ;
Gen. iv. 22, 25, peperit.
Gen. iii. 16, with Persian
j ; also Gen. v. 3, he begat.
Mistake seems here im-
possible. The Tuarik cor-
responding is Eyyi. See
also Iga above ; an entirely
different verb.
Ejji (with French j) or Etxi,
be thou healed. [But Etx,
eat.] Itxi,. Itza, he was

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EABAIL VERBS AND YEBBALS.

51

healed, John iv. 51, 52. Ad
atxin, they may be healed,
Luke vi. 19.

Iji, convalescent, Y.

vc Sujji, heal thou, with
French j, Br. Generally
Sutxi, with ^ , (Hamet)
in same sense, pr. Esujjai.
na Gijji, GujjiO and Wujji,
Luke xxiv.

Eju, buy (articles for use), buy
and sell, Han. Gr. p. 267.
Ujuen, they bought, but
Yuju, HP 342, was sold.

, Anajau, buyer.

ve Isiju, Iziju, he sold, na
Aziju, sale.

Ijusa, he brayed, as ass (Ijefa
(a goat), bleated, Ho.), na
Ajusu.

Ijsar, he trembled, Luke viii.
45. WflfJasr, palsy. Mat. iv.24.
Casran, they were amazed,
Mar. ix. 15.

Ijeba, in HP, (apparently) he
passed, traversed, 38, nearly
as Tuar. Igele. So Jebban,
204, *' ont travers6," Nejeba,
207, we passed tn, Ijeba,
325 (the sun) is risen.

Ijbed, he set about, Br., under
Parler; seems to be native.
But besides we find

IjbcA, apparently a transposi-
tion of Arab. Je Aeb ; for, he
drew to himself, Br. under
Terer ; and HP 88, 89,
he drew (the trigger). In
Shilha, he towed.

Yujad, ready, prepared (from

Arab. Jc>-j find ?).

ve Sujad, make ready, Br.

Gassiujad, she prepared,

cooked (food). Gen. xxvii.

14.

Yujah, he comforted, Br. John

xi. 19, 31.
Ajaja, remnant, HP 207,

perhaps from Edj, Ejj.
IjjaH? rather Itxall, he was

angry.
Ej£er, sniff in, or snore, Br.

na A.j£er. 8ee Ra£rej.
Yujjeq, (a falcon) screamed,

HP 154; (an infant) wailed,

Br.,^r. Itijjiq, na Ijiq.
Ejar, start, Ho. (begin a

journey ?)
Ijerrab, he crossed over. Mar.

X. 1.
Ejrah, play. Ho.
Ijuz, he alighted (see Yuggiz),

lodged, sojourned, abode,

Luke i. 35, ii. 35, John iii.

36. [Yet in Gen. xiii. 14,

Ijuz fallas, passed away from

him. This may seem to be

Arabic J Is*- not Berber.]

r.

(1) Af, Awaf, take, take up,
buy. aor, Yufa, pr, Itaf, Ur
attaf 0amaffu9, ne capias
uxorem, Gen. xxv. 1 . Annaf,
Annawaf, capiamus(uxores).
Gen. xxxiv. 16, 17. pe.
Win yufen abriA, he who
has taken the road, HP 199.

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52

KABAIL TEBBS ASB YEBBALS.

Gufat iwargaz, for, ** be-
trothed to a man," Luke i.
27, strictly, sumta est viro?
Ittaf, lie takes, t.e, gets as
heir. GufeX, thou hast
bought, H.Gr. 271. Yenture
under Afin gives the sense of
catching by disease, na
Gufin, Gifin. See also Saf,
Suf, buy thou.

(2) as Hvp from preceding.

Ituaf, it is marred, Ham. fut.
A A ituaf, Br.

vc Isuaf, HP 303, spoil,
ruin, na Asuap.

Tufu, he cried, pa. Itu|Ti, Han.
8ee Yufawas,

IfiiA, he set off (on a journey),
HP 238.

IfaS-yi, has grieved me, HP 31,
131, gave pain : pr. Ite^aS ?
428.

YufSaS, (a lion) roared, HP
150.

Afdar, limp, Afadur, lame, pr»

\ Itafudur, he is lame.
vc yafdar.

Afogul, black, dark, Wadr.

Efli, fall, aor, Ifla, pr, Tfelli,
but Itafli, Luke xvi. 12, John
xi. 9 ; also V. na Aneflui.
GifaliuG, Luke ii. 34. TJfaliu,
chance ? Mat. xiii. 26.
vc Sefli, overturn, pr. Iseflai,

na Assfli.
vp Inneflai, he was beaten
down, Br. {Niphal ?)

Tawal, gobble ? jt?r.It[;awal, HP
435.

Ful, envy, pr. Iterul, Br. (from

Ar. Till, spite?)
Ifil, he imagined, pi. Tilen,

HP 114, 106. riief, Efilef,

I imagined, thought, 156.

So Tuar.
TJfal, vn turn, return ; aor.

Yufal, pr. Itufal. This may

seem a variety of Iqqal. See

Muqal. na Tufalin, return,

reditm.
Tuilef, be vexed, pr. Itef wiluf,

na ITfilef.
rira, Qim, sit, abide ; cmt.

Iqqim, pr. Itefim. na Ipmi.

GifimiO, place of resort.

vc Isfim, Isefim, he seated,
pr. Isefimi.
Tumm, bung, stop up. na

Afummu.
Tama ? Itfama, he dares. Mat.

xxii. 46.
Ifem, he dyed, plunged, bap-
tized, painted. Ipna, pass.

it is dyed, na Ipemi. — pc.

Ifman, painted, HP 227.
Efmel, be mouldy, na Ajinal.

Gufemilt, fustiness, dirt, HP

299.
I[maz, he made signs, Luke

i. 62, V. 7, pi. Tumzan.
Ter, read thou : Qar, call thou,

are hard to distinguish;

perhaps because the Arabio

influences the Libyan.
Ter, read, aor. Iqra, pr. Iqqar,

Iqerra, Iqerri. na Gefura, a

lesson. Amfar, a reader. Ho.

wSefar, Seqra, na Asferi. (Ar.

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IT A -R ATT. YEBBS ANI) YEBBALS.

53

Qar*a). But for Amfar,
see also Mfr.

IfTB, Iqqara, he called, pi,
Aqqaran. 8eeQ;ar. Oamafra,
an invitation, a solemn feast.
Amyafran, were called to-
gether, convoked, Mat.xxviii.
12. See Amyagran, met,
under M.

I(ar, (a cock) crowed, Ho.

Effel, totter, pr» Ifeq^fel.
(Ar. JJa.^. be palsied ?)
actively, IfeXelt, he has over-
turned him, struck him to
the ground, HP 166. Afaf-
lan, intoxicating, i.e, causing
to totter {see Dufl), is active,
Luke i. 15. So I(;^al, he
threw down, Luke iii. ix.
xii. and Mar. viii., but vn
(the net) sank deep, Luke v.
6. From this verb is formed
a sort of Niphal Innaf^al, he
hastened, hurried, Luke i. 39,
ii. 16, Mat. xxvii. 28; also
seized, carried oflF, Gen. xxxi.
34; but Luke xii. 45, it
stands for was drunken :*
perhaps it there means was
violent,
vr. Mef [el, wrestle, Br.

Yufawas, (a falcon) screamed,
HP 88. See Yufu.

Tux, fill thou. Gen. i. 22, but qu.

* Hodgson has Enogtad,
drunken; also Gen. ix. 21,
Innafyan, drunken, perhaps
mis written.

Fez, dig, aor, Ifza, pr. Iffaz.
na Gafuzi, a hole that is dug.

Ifaz, grunt, Ho. but qu.

Fezzif, was long, Afzif, long
(broad. Ho.). Gefzif, pro-
longation? length (breadth.
Ho.).

H. n=j;^.

The Tuariks cannot sound A
and in the name of Moham-
med change it to £. The
Kabails have learnt to sound
11, but their native words
have it not as distinct from
h. The Beni Menasser and
Kabails alter native £. in
some words to II. The
Kabails change Arabic J^Jb
to J-«»d-, and sometimes
Arab. ^ to ^ . Apparently
we must treat the two sounds
of h as indiscriminate.
Hodgson always gives h,
but ^ predominates in Hano-
teau, Brosselard, and Hamet,
even with native Kabail
words,

JF)rom Hodgson, all needing
confirmation.

[Ehwa, evil. So, so ; tolerable.

Ehwaie, wish (Arab ?).
Ahuhu, wail.

vo Ishauhiu, yelp.
Ehabex, to wound.
Ehuk, doubt.
Ahlau, wet.

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54

KABAIL TEBBS AND TEBBALS.

Ehulif, good (Coptic and Ber-
ber, says Ho.).

Ahenuhy neigher.

ve Isnahncdi, he neighed.

Ahrau, be wide [Tu. Igerau].

Es-harhur, snore (Copt, and
Berb.) Ho.

Eheris, contract ; Ehsal, fjedl,
but qu.

Ehzar, assure. Perhaps for
EhAar, talk, tell ; which is
imported Arabic]

Ihwa, it pleases, Han. (Arab.

Hewieya, a whim).
Ihwa, bad, evil (as Ho.), Br.,

Mat. xii. 5, 85.
Hawal ? Inhawwal, he was

troubled, John xiii. 21, Gen.

xxxii. 7. Ar. flawwil,

change ?
Ihan, he claimed, Han. Gr. 317.
Iwahhan, tending to ? Gen.

XXV. 18. Winiwahan,hewho

aims (a blow), Han. Gr. 316.
Ihweh, violence, scandal. Gen.

vi. 10, XXX. 23, John vii. 15.

Ihwah as ihwah, Mat. xxi.

41, ruined with ruin ?
Allawi, impotent, HP 428.
Allbek, plane down,
mbir ? Gaflbir, oflFence, Mat.

xviii.7. AOllabra^, thou wilt

oflFend, do. 8, 9.
Huf, search for, search over,

traverse, roam, pr. lOlluf,

Itlluf. na Alluf, a quest.
Illgax, Illwax, he seized by

force, snatched. Mat. vii. 15,

John X. 12, 28. na Allaw-

was (with s), venison. Gen.
xxvii. 3. This sense of
Yenison suggests as possible
that this verb may be the

modem Arabic

U^^

. which

at Aleppo is vulgarly Ilaw-

wix, hunt after.
AQkam, held, hold fast, £r.

[A different sense from that

m Arabic] control, restraioy

Han. Gr. 318.
Hakker, aim at, examine, pr,

Itellakker, na Allakker.
Aniu, imp, be thou healed,

Illala, aor. f Ho. pr, lilallu.

vc Iselllu, pr. Isalllai (from
Ar. nil, set free ?).
Hallel, caress thou, Br.
Allmu, be hot, pr. Illammu

tHeb. Ham, as well as Arab,
lami, Hamm.].

vc Isaidmu, pr. IsaQmai.
Hammel, love, cherish, appa-
rently pure Libyan. Arab.

Hamel is quite different in

sense, and Heb. has Hamal,

pity.
Illammel, poured down as rain,

is simply incorrect Arabic,

for J^ (Mat. vii.).
Handeq, moan, Br.
Hans, be ill, Br. H. ; also HP

429. Gillaus, she was ill,

Han. Gr. 255.

vc Is-llass, he made sick,
Han. Gr. 259.
inaya,he understands, HP 346.
Hasses, listen, Han. Br., na

Allasses. Ehazis, d®- Ho.

Arab. Hass, feel, perceive.

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KABiLlL VEEBS AND VEEBALS.

65

Hlza, Ihza, he put to shame,
dishonored, John viii. 491,
passively, Luke xiv. 9.

llayuG, pray, supplicate, pr.
ItAawa, na AJdayaS.

[Yery few Kahail words open
with ^.]

E£hex, scratch, Br.

I£a? Iti£il, entreats? HP 416.

I£elal, it is defiled with mucus,

HP 197.
A£ammas, the labourer, HP

38, 93.
I£enunes, he wallowed (in

blood), HP 239.
IK.a'p, it is devastated ?

vo Ise£af , HP 141.
I£za, he cursed, Gen. xii. 3,

Mat. XV. 4 ; but see lAza.

K.

Ek, go, also va traverse, aor.

Ikka, jpr. I9ek.

vo Essuk, cause to go, HP
239.
Yekka, for Tefka, Ifka, he

gave.
XJki or U£i, Au£i, Han. wake

thou, vn, na Gukin.
Wiyak, beware, HP 33, 142,

perhaps means, Wake up !

vo Saii£i, awaken (others),
HP 78.
Ikiu, (linen) was dried, dry;

/. Gekiu, pi Kiwen. /. pi.

Kiwent. (Contrasted to Iq-

qur, parched, stiff, hard.)

vo Sikiu, make dry, pr.
Iskawai.
Es-kiwiu, Eskezwiu, squeak

as pig. He Bekwit, a cough,

Br,
Kub, Kuj, push.
Ikfa, vn is past way, vanished,

perished, HP 4, 12, 108,

109, 146, 283, 362. pi.

Ekfan. Ikfa elmal, periit

pecus.
KufeG, froth, foam.

vc IskufeG, na AskufeG.
Ikfel, (sweat) ran down, Br.

trickled. Ikffl, V.
AkaHkuA, a cough, Br. Iskah-

kal, he coughed, Ho.
Es-kakai, cackle, Ho.
Kuj, push ; see Kub.

vr Emkuj, push mutually.
Ikuker, he wavered, Br. ; he

imagined, V.
Kikef , also EskikeS, tickle, Br.

na AskikeS.
Akul, trample under foot, pr.

Itakel ; na GakulG, Oukelin»
Ikli, obsoletey whence Gikli,

march, for Giddi: also in

Tuarik, Sikli.
Kelkel, trot, pr. Itekelkel (Ar.

Leklek), but Eskalokel, Ho.
Ikma, he hides, va HP 259.
Kammil, is or was long. [Not

Tuarik, yet unlike in sense

to Arabic, perfect.'] Akam-

lan, long; na Gekmel, length.

ve Isekmal, lengthen.

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66

TABATTi TEHBB AND YEBBALS.

IkmaD, lie was captive, Mat.
xxY. etc. Kamnai;, Gakam-
naf, Tkmana.n, pe,
Ekmes, Ekmez, wrinkle,
shrivel, become tough, Br.
[Ar. £ennix.]
vo Sekmex, make tough, Br.
[Ekmex, pinch, Han. V.
IS ArabicJ
Ekmez, rub. Ho., scratch, V.,
pr. Ikemmez; na Akmaz,
Anekmuz.
Eknu, bend [Arab. Hanu],
bow, aor. Ikna, pr, Ikennu.
vo Iseknu, pr. Iseknai, na
Aseknu.
Eknef, be roasted, broiled,
pr. Ikennef. Ekenaf, roast
(meat).

vo Iseknef, pr. Iseknaf, na
Aseknef.
Kur, conduct thou, Br.
Ekker, arise [softened from
Enker, Shilha and Tuar .],
pr. IGekker or Itenekker,
Han. Gr. 139 ; na Bukkera,
Gawakkera.

vo Sekker, raise. See Enker.
Aker, steal, pillage, aor. Yilker,
pr. Itaker.

vp Ituaker was stolen, po.

Itwakran, na Wakaran,

Gen. xxxi. 32. Amaker,

a thief, pi. Imakeran, Mat.

vi. 21 (commoner, Amak-

araJ). Umakra, deceitful-

ness, Sumakri, deceitfully.

Ikkerker [*' il se traina," HP

409], "he tumultuated," as

river waves.

Ekres, knot, pr. Ikerres.
vp Ituakres, tie the knot of
marriage. Gen. xxxi v. 9^
na Bakersi, Gayirsi, a
knot. [Tikerkas, subtlety,
trickery, HP 253 ; also in
Shilha? and Tikerrest, d*>-
in Tuarik.]
Ekref , rake up, scrape up or
out; and vulgarly ^ pillage,
steal ; Kar^p-it, scoop it out.
Mar. X. 47.

IkraT, he raked, Br., na
Gakkurf, theft, Mat. xv. 19.
Gawakarpa, booty, rape of a
woman. AmekaraT, a thief,
pi. ImakaraSen, popularly
supplanting Amaker.
B^arrex, bite, pr. Itkerrex, Br.
also shave (head), yet Gekar-
xit, tripe, pi. Gikarxetin, Br. .
Ekrez (Ar. HaraG), till the
ground, 'xapdaao).
vp Ituakrez, na Gayirza.
Gakurza, a plough with
oxen. Amkeraz, labourer,
ploughman.
Eks, feed (cattle), aor. Iksa,
pr. Ikes. Amoksi, a steer,
Ho. Amaksau, grazier, shep-
herd, ^^. Imeksawen. Geksi-
ut a flock, herd, compare
Gi^si a ewe.
Ekkes, take away, take off,
pull out, pluck off; aor.
Ikkus, pr. IGekkes, na Guk-

vp Ituakkes, na Gawakkesa.
8ee Eqqes, prick, sting.
Eksu, braid (the hair); plait,

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XABAIL TXBBS AWD TEBBALS.

57

oar. Iksa (see Eks); 1 p.

Eksif, jpr, Ikessu.
EksJA, raise, Ho., but qu,

Ekkes-ie?
Aksar, the lower part, Br.,

Ham. GauksarG, descent, HP

297, suggests a lost verb.
IkkaO, lie strikes, irregular

present of AuG, pc, ikkaGen.
Akufq^ef, mark of a pinch.

ve Iskufq^ef, he pinched,
stung. See Ejvpuf and
Arab, ^a'paf, he seized,
Ekei? think, pr. ItukGa. At-

kaOayam, ye reason, Mat.

xvi. 8. Axu tattukGam?

what think ye? Mat. xxii.

42. TJkGi, thought. Gen. xi.

6, a(f ukGi ensen.

vr ifekGi, remember, con-
sider, ImmukGi-d, he has
Remembered, pr. ItmekGai,
na AmekGi, memory: (a
souvenir. Ho.)

vc of last. SemekGi, remind.
Aketot, talkative, Ho.
EkGut, buy. Ho., but qu.
IkGul, he went across, passed

over, Mat. xiv. 34; xxvi.

42 — but do. 39, cause to pass.

Also AkGul, beyond, across

(Jordan), Mat. xix. 1. But

V , has Ektil, measure thou :

which suggests Arab. viii. of

Kll.
Ekxem, pass (as time), Gen.

xxvi. 8, enter, pr. Ikexxem,

na Akxam, Bawakexma,

Anekxum. Ekxim, within.

ve Isekxam, he welcomed,
introduced, inserted.

vr Miekxam. Also, Es-
kexom, reproach. Ho.,
but qu.

El, in Tu., have. In B^ab. it
seems all but obsolete; yet
Han. gives, Wi G ilan ? quis
eum possidens ? Perhaps
hence, Aila, Agla, property,
and the Shilha Iwellan, be-
longing to. [Possibly A^la
is the true root.]
Ili, be thou, exist. Hla, he is
or was. A A yili, he will be.
Ara yili, he is to be; na
eilin.
Ali, go up, aor. Tuli, pr, Itali
(Arab. £ali). Aa ennali,
let us go up, HP 228, na
AUui, ascent; Wali, Mar. i.
10. Yal, the prime, HP
149.

ve Sali, cause to go up, haul
up, pr. Isalai. Issali
eznad, he raises the steel
(of the gun), HP 152.
Wali, look at, turn towards,
see {Hence Allan, eyes.)
Walin, they look at, HP
66. Iwala, he saw, H. Gr.
253. Wi ki iwalen? quis
te videt? Walaf, I saw.
vr Emwali, see one another ?
Amwali, seer, over-
watcher, HP 17, 174,
231.

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68

JLLBAIL TEBBS AND TEBBALS.

Tal el*amer, the turn of an
affair? Han. Gr., p. 320.

Awal, an utterance, a report, a
voice, pL Awalan, Wawalan.
ve Isawal, Isiwel, Isiul, he

spoke.
vr Emsiwel, converse mu-
tually, w« Amsiwel. After
a negative, Es wawal, not
a word. Mat. xxii. 46.

Walla, come back, recur, Br.,
na Awalli, "retour" Br.
Aa yuUi, will come back,
HP 230. Wulll-d, become
thou, Br. JSence GalliO, and
Shilha Wal? fois. IweUa,
(the time) is changed, HP
67. Gallie, a (short) time
or space. GalliG aArus, a
little while, John xiii. 33.
Gawala, Gaula, a fever (re-
curring ?) G ami welt, cir-
cuit, gj irepi'xtopo'i.

Elli, open (Zouave) for Eldi, na
Gullia.

Alwu, be feeble, (soft?) aor.
Yulwa, pr. Italwu, Uluwan,
are feeble, HP 229. Ilwan,
luxurious, dainty (soft?) Luke
XV. 13. [Itlawi, he luxu-
riates? HP 220.]

Ilusa, he addressed, (Heb.
Lasa, Arab. Loffa,) fut.
A A ilasi, pr. Itlasi, na
Gulasa, a discourse, Mat.
xiii. 13.

vr Amlasan, they held alter-
cation, John vi. 52. Amse-
lai (omitting s?), parole,
discourse.

vr Imselai, he conversed, pr.
Itameslai.

Elsali, an anomalous word, ap-
parently corrupt Arabic, for
good. Hence Aekali, fern,
AelaliO, like Airi, /. AiriG.

Eldi, va open, aor, Ildi, pr.
Ileddi. Also vn Ildi, it is
opened, Mat. ii. 11, Luke
i. 64, hut Ileddiwin, covered
with spittle, HP 197.

IlfeS, he was dirty, HP 315.
Ilfa/p, dirty, Br.

Ileflif, he became fat, pr. Iti-
lefHf, HP 250.

Ilfef, (an ulcer) burst, Br.

LaMaq, prime (a gun) '* amer-
cer,'* Br. [Not Arabic in
this sense.] na Geliliq[.
vp ImleMaq.

Hue was turbid, na Alufu,
GalucO.

vo Isluf, he made turbid, na
Asluf.

Luaf, be smooth, soft. {See
Elwu.) pr. irreg. Hluqqaf,
is soft, etc.
vc Selwef , polish, na Aslewef .

Elhu, crawl. Ho. but qu.

Elhu, be good, fair, handsome.
\_8ee Yulaf, Tuar.] aor. llha,
pr. Italha, pc. Ilhan, good,
handsome.

ve Selhu, make good, im-
prove ; pr. Iselhai.

Lekken, plane down. Amlek-
ken, smooth. Alekkan, car-
penter's plane.

Lai, be bom. Hal, is bom, pr.
Itlal, is being bom, or habit-

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ILLBAIL YEBBS AND TEBBALS.

59

ually bom. fut.pr. AAilulan,
about to be bom. na Milul,
Galalil, birth. Imaulen, folk,
is perhaps from this root.
Ilellif ? Degma ilellif, '* a
' travers champs," HP 222.
Yulem, he was suitable, Br.
Alem, hem (a garaaent). na

Allum, a hem.
Ellem, spin, aor» Yellem, pr,

leellem.

Alemmam, a slanderer, HP 233.

Perhaps from Arab, lum,

blame; else, as Gr. DaTrro).

IlmoA, he learned (Heb. and

Arab), pr, lOelnieA ; but

lelemoA, Ho. [Br.

ve IselmeA, he taught, Ho.

Elqai, deep, Gilqi, depth, Br.

Ilqa, is ruined, HP 58, 62, 104.

[Arab, is paralysed ?]
Ileqeq, be tender, soft {see
Luaf). Geleqeq, softness, D
aleqqaq, tender, soft, HP 392.
Leqqem, graft, Br.

vc Iselqem, '* travaille,'* HP
300. [The context rather
suggests an impure meta-
phor.] Iselqara, tools of
agriculture, HP 8.
Els, vn dress thyself, aor, Ilsa,
pr. Itelus, ph Elsen, clothes.
vc Sels, clothe (another), pr.

Iselus, na Aselsi.
vp Mels, aor. Ituels. Gamel-
siO, Gamelsiut, apparel.
[GallisG, darkness, from
covering?] Telset, mist,
Ghad. Tillas, shades, dark-
ness, Shilha.

Elles, touch thou : seems in

form identical with
Elles, shear sheep : aor. Hies,

pr. lOelles. GilisG, limit,

border, strip, Br. His, a

fleece after shearing, pi.

Ilisen. Gilist, a fleece, pi.

Gilisin. na Gawallesa, the

being sheared ?
[Yules, he repeated, Tu.] Aa-

ales-ef,I will repeat, HP 232.
Illaz, be hungry, aor. Illuz, pi.

Itelaz, with negative XJr

illaz ara. Lstz, hunger.

vc Selaz, pr. Iselaza, famish.
[Elfaxi, people, and Elwaxul,

infants, are not known as

Arabic, but show no Libyan

root.]

M.

Imai, was solicitous? pr. Ur
Gatmaiyam, take ye no care.
Mat. vi. 23. na GemauG,
care, attention, V.

Aimen, they crush, HP 99.

Masi, Mayi, a mewing ? Is-
masu, Is-maiu, (the cat)
mewed, na Asmaiu.

Imug, Immug, va he placed.
vn it lay, was placed, Luke
ii. 12, 16 [not in Han.]
Imugan, posituSf John ii. 6.
(The evening) immug, lay,
i.e. came. Mar. vi. 47.
Gumaggam, Luke vi. 35,
posuistis for fecistis? Ho.
has, "Emug, work;'* and
the suspicion arises, that

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60

KABAIL TEBBS AKD TEBBALS.

this verb may be vr of !6g,
which see.

lyyum (far Kabbi), he prayed
(to God), Gen. xxv. 21.

Emger, reap ; gather crop; from
Amger, reaping hook: {see
also Ger.). aor. Imger, pr.
Imegger.

vp Ituamger ; na Gamagra,
harvest f differs from Oama-
f ra, invitation to a banquet.
Perhaps Amger, sickle, is
connected with Iger, field,
Latin Ager, and with Heb.
Agar, gather crop.

Imugar, va f Imigar, vn or vr
he met. In Gen. and Mat.
Imyagar, jpr, Itamyagar, as
if vr from Agar. 8imugar-e0,
she met him, Han. Gr.

Imo:ot ? na Gamgot, protection,
Ho.

Imfa, it sprouted, budded,
sprung up, fy. arose ; na
6im(i, (of teeth). Imfi, a
bud, a germ, seed, pi, Imfen,
Mat. iv. 26.

Immef, HP 299, he rushed.
[In Shilha, fought, perhaps
for Imnef.]

Emmef, seize, pr. lOemmef.
But qu.

Em fed, beat to powder.

Imfar, become old,' be ag-
grandized, £r. Maqqar, (the
boy) grew up ; /em. Maqra0,
Luke ii. 36. Babas ilia
maf(;ar, her lord was old
[maqqar mof^fwwaZ]. Ampar,
old, /. Gamfart, pi. Imfaran

[different from Am far, a
reader, from Qar, Tar]. Am-
far, also a sheikh, a chief,
Bam fart, a lady, pi. Gimfarin.
Gemfur, authority, HP 266.
Gemfar, old age. So Amfar,
Gen. xxiv. 36 ; yet S amfar,
in large quantity, much,
Mat. XV. 28. Amaqqar, big,
Amaqran, great, a chief.
ve Semfar, make great, honor,
magnify [Gamafra, festi-
vity, is probably from the
root Ifra, he invited]. 8ee
Muqqar.
Es-moferi, Copt, and Berb.,

bellow, Ho.

Imken, va strike, hit (a mark).

vn knock against, pr. Imek-

kin: but prick, pierce lightly,

Br. na Amekkun, a prick,

wound by pricking, Br.

MekGi, think over, remember.

See EkOi.
Mel, indicate, hint, tell, aor.
Imla [Tu. Yumel], pr. Im-
mal, na Gimmelin [Heb.
Malal]. Gemelem, ye noti-
fied, in passive Gemelam,
Han.
Melil, vn assemble, aor. Imelal,
he met, came across (va) pr.
Itemlil. Amelili, company,
intercourse, HP 30.
vp TJr Ai» yummal (*»V), HP
198, is not to he met with
there : [for Yumelal ?]
Imelal, a meeting-place [a
la rencontre des chemins,
Han.]

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KABAJX TEBBS AND TEBBALS.

61

vo Semlil. va assemble, con-
vene, pr, Isemlili, aor. pi,
Eseinlalen, have caused to
meet, na Asemlil.
vcr or v<p Kemsemlal, we are
assembled, HP 153

Amellal, wbite ; MeUul, it is
white ; Gamlel, whiteness ;
Gamellalt, an egg, pi, Gimal-
lelin (compare Arab. AbyaS,
white, and BayXa, an egg),
BimeUilt, white clay, Y.
(Shilha ?).-earaella, Gimelli,
adove,jp/.0imelliwin. Emel-
lili, egg, Ben. Menasser.

Imlelli, he swooned, was
stunned [carefully contrast
Imelal, also Isemlili]. pr,
Itemlelli, Br. na Amlelli.
ve Semlelli, stun, na Asem-
leUi.

Amanayan, riding, Mat. xxi. 5,
and Amanai, a rider, Y. from
Inay, he rode. So in Tuarik.
But see Inig in Kab.

Amanun, " non dresse," HP
401, uncouth?

Imsan, civil, polite, Br.

Menna-f, je voudrai, HP 76,
84, 280, pr, Itmenni, he
meditates, 70. (Compare
Bimenna, talk, from root
Inna).

ImenunaS, he tumbles down,
vn HP 436.

Muqal, look at (perhaps from
Aqqal, turn.) na Gamuqli,
view, sight, spectacle, HP
130, 159, pass, Imuqqal, it
has been examined, Br.

ve Semaqqal, examine, Br.
Esmuqulef , I looked upon,
HP 401.
Muqqer, it was great, pe.

Imaqqaran^ See Im(;ar.
Imar, it is poured, Br. it

pours, vn,

ve Semir, pour, aor. Ismar,
pr, Ismiri, na Asemiri.
MurAes, vn strangle one's self.

ve SemurACs, strangle.
Merref, it was salt.
Is-emerif, (the ox) lowed. Ese-

marlk, Ho. But see Eem-

maJd.
Merrik, (the eye) was dim,

Gen. xxvii. 1.
Mernaf, bawl, pr, Itmemef,

Ho.
Ames, be mouldy, aor, Tumes,

pr, Itames, na Ammus. Te-

mussa, insipidity, HP 246.

But see the next.

ve Simes, Sames, make dirty,

Br., pr, Isimas. Esemsan,

they have tarnished, HP

213.

Messus, vn fade, wither. Ames-

sas, a simpleton, D amessas,

silly, Br., Gemeses, disgust,
^ HP 72. Temuses, insipidity,

HP 246, TemessasG, do. 304,
Imesilai, he conversed. See

Ilusi.
Im'pal, he buried. Amafal,

Ama2al, earth. GimaMit,

tombstone. GimiilG, burial.

Amielt, graveyard, Ben M.
ImmuG, he died. (Heb. and

Arab.) fut, AAimaG, John

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62

KABAIL VERBS AND TBBBALS.

xi. 50. Br. ipr, ItmettaG,

imp, EmmeG.

ve SerameO, cause to die (?)

EmGer, play the beggar, Han.,
na GimeGiriO.

Amxum, guilt ; Imxuman,
wicked. [Perhaps Arab.
Maixum, of evil omen.]

Emxafl, lick, na Amxafl, Han.

Emzi, polish, pr, Imezzi.

Mezzi {probablt/ with different
z from the last) is little,
young. Amazyan, young,
younger, youngest, fern, Ga-
mazyant, pL Imazyanan, also
firstlings. But Gamazyant,
youth? Aqxix Gamazyant,
babe of youth, i,e. firstborn
child.

vc Isemzi, he abridged.
Ilemzi, a young man;
seems to have Arabic
El improperly prefixed.

[Emzia, goodness, Ho., seems
to be only Arabic Mezzieya,
distinction, superiority.]

Mayz-an, they came across,
Luke viii., 26, but qu.

Amazwar, first. See Izwar.

Amzalu'p, indigent, destitute,
pi. Imzela/p, Ham., Ho., per-
haps Arab. Zelaf , which in
Kazlmirski ia nu et lisse,

K.

Ini, say thou, aor, Inna, pr.
Itini,/w^ A A yini, Ara yini,
Ham.
vr na Gimenna, talk.

Ani, "oter les poux" Han.,
pr, Itani.

Enoya, grieve, Ho., but qu.

Yawan, he has enough. (True
root, Egiun?) Gawayant,
satiety, Br. Gawant, d**-,
HP 295. See Igiun in
Tuarik verbs.

Eina, to mount, Shaw, may be
the Inay (he rode) of Tuarik
and Shilha; but since Inig
in Kabail seems to replace
them, perhaps Eina is the
same as the following :

Iwwen (Yuwen ?) he went up.
ve Asawen, what is aloft ;
a steep ascent, HP 246,
282. Desawen, adv. above,
Br. Gesewint, an eleva-
tion, hill, pi. Gisuwan.
Yusawan, aloft, upwards,-
the top or surface. Ham.

Inebbeh, he rebuked, com-
manded, Ham., Br. (Heb.
Neba, prophesied.)

Annuba, new, Luke, but qu.

NaAi, Ohirej go one's rounds,
search ; alsOj . traverse, se
promener. [In like double
sense Illaf, and Tuar.
Immef.] aor. InuAa; KuAaf,
I have traversed, HP 334.
pr. ItenaAi, na Ana^i, Han.
V. too has Yunad, he
searched, but Br. Yunag.
NaAif, HP 310, seems to
be present tense.

Endi, lay snares, pr. Ineddi.

Inia s, encircled it, HP 83.

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KABAIL TEEBS AND YEEBALS.

63

(Ennid, turn, V., probably
Sbilha.)

Ennei, sweep, brush, Br., Y.
Arab. Ka^a.

End, vn curdle {qu, turn, vn?
=Ennid of Shil.)
vc send, chum thou, pr.
Isendu, na Asendu.

EnXall, battle. t;r Meniall, HP
136, 139, 141, are probably
Arab. Ne'paH, butt, as bull or
ram.

luAel, (a building) is over-
turned, HP 16.

Inuddem, he slumbered, pr,
Itanuddem, na Anuddam,
slumber.

Nif ? Gatnif, she was angry.
Mar. vi. 19. Ar. *enef ?

Anef, leave, quit, aor. Tunef,
pr, Itanef, pc, Yunif abrid,
he has quitted the road, HP
199. So eannif, Luke vii.
37, 39, she has quitted (the
right road), t,e, is a sinner.
vc Sinef, cause to quit.

Inufeg, he rebelled, Br.

Infel, HP 328, is rendered
'' will cover," but '* wiU/a//
on thee '' gives the same
general sense (Heb. Nafal,
fall).

Inig, imp, ride, travel [Tu.
Inay], aor, Yunag, Han. Gr.
p. 101, ^r. Itinig, na Inig, a
journey. Iminig, a traveller,
H. G. 271.

Anguf, imbecile, pi, Inegaf,
Iwungif, HP67,69, 107, 245.

Yunag, he searched, Br. [Han.

he travelled]. See Inig and

KaAi.
EnugaA ? 8-ennugA-am, HP 9

—doubtful sense.
Ingugul, he mocked (Mat.

Gen.), na Wangugal.

vc Singugul, d°*
Inger, it wasted, vn came to

an end (see Geri), perished.

A A negeren, pereant^ HP 38.

na Aneggar, end, the last.

Gangara, end = Gawagra.

vc Senger, waste va, destroy.

na Asengar. pc. Win isen-

eggeren, he who destroys,

HP 27.

Enf, kill, aor. In [Sif pr, Ineqq.

vp Itunef.

vr Menf, kill mutually, pr,
Itimenf. Amenfi, battle,
Han. na GimenfiuO.
Nuf, Ennaf, fight, aor. Innuf,

pr, Itnaf.

vr Imenuf.
EngCA, crush (grain), Br. pr,

IneffeA, Itneffid, na AnfaA.

Amenfud, crushed,
lufel, it spouted, spirted. SoTu.
Ennofuin, are humiliated, HP

224.
Inoff al, he upset (intoxicated),

he hastened. See Eff el.
Enehlel, pain. Ho. but qu.
Nallnafl, neigh, Br.

vc Isnallnafl, d°. Ho. ; cough
on purpose, Br.
Inejjam, he is able, he can, HP

194. So Ghadamsi. TJr

nenjim, not understanding,

HP 244.

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64

KiBAlL YEBBS AKB TBBBALS.

Enker, rise, grow up, pr» It-
nekker, HP 440. This word
is generally corrupted into
Ekker. In HP 162, 442, we
have ITeqer with q, for rise
as the sun. Genker, sunrise,
HP 162.

EneksiG, '* deceive," Ho. qu.
he cheated him ? Arab.
ITaqs, deficit.

Insal, was ashamed, Luke xiii.
17, but qu.

Nulfa? Es-nulfa, HP 358, is
rendered " improviser."

Ennam, be accustomed, aor.
Innum, pr. Itennara. "Wi
innumen, he who has been
accustomed, Han.

Wanes, assist, HP 41, 50, 69,
aor. Yunnes, 72, Aunis, 183.

Ens, rest, pass the night ; ahOy
be extinguished. Itnus ex-
tinguit? Mat. xii. 20. Gat-
nus, extinguitur. Mat. iii. 12.
Ur natnus (partic) qui non
extinguitur, Luke iii. 17.
Additnusan, extinguuntur ?
Mat. XXV. 8. aor, Inea, pr.
Itenus. Imensi, dinner, Br.
(supper ?)

vc Sens, put out (flame) ; give
hospitality, pr, Isenus. na
Asensi. Isnasu, he ex-
tinguished, HP 400.
vr Emsens, give mutual
hospitality. [In Tuarik,
Sins, cause to rest, has the
sense place; but in Kab.
this is Sers. See Ers.]

En^ eX, be joined, adhere.

t?(fSenfeX, solder. waAsen'pei.
vp ItusenfeX, was soldered -

Intefl, it bellowed, pr. ItintaXl-

vo Isin'pill, uttered war-cry,

HP115, 5e>. See'EnLaa.

En'pel, bury, pr, Ineffel,.HP
109, forEmfel?

Enxu, Entxu, be stript of
feathers, fleeced.
vc Senxu, pluck, strip, pr.
Isenxau, na Asenxu.

Kexxeb, turn on the lathe, na
Anexxab, Han. [The lathe
is worked by a bow: Arab.
Noxxaba, an arroWy was
mistaken for a bow?] Fr.
Tenayabt, a bow.

Enzu ? be in front ? Gawenza,
forehead (Shilha ?) Amenzu,
flrstborn, pi. Imenza, Br.

Anez, bow, stoop, kneel, wor-
ship, aor. Yunza, pr, Itanaz.
Unzan, Luke i. they were
in the decline (of years), na
Gunaz, Annuz.

Eny, be sold, be on sale ;
aor. Inya, pr, Itanuy. na
Gawenya, sale {also sneez-
ing ! Br. See Inyer.)
vc Zeny, sell, aor. Izenya,

pr. Izenuy, na Azenyi.
vp Ituzeny, was sold.

Enzam, be unquiet, na Anezmi.
Also w« irregular? Anezgum,
disquietude.

Inyer, nose, pi. Anyaran ; Gen-
yirt, nostril ; make a verb,
Enyer, clean the nose, pn
Ineyyer. Hence perhaps
Gawenya, sneezing; flnal r

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KJLBAJL TBBBS AND YEBBALS.

6^

being cut off in pronuncia-
tion. /S^Tu.Anjur(AM:ur),
bridge of nose.

Q.

Aqwi, wonder at, HP 262. •

Qebbi, be fat, aor. Iqebba, pr»
Iteqebbi, na Aqebbi.

Iqbex, it is stript (of bark), Br.
vc Seqbex, to weed ? Gaqa-
bex0, a hoe, pi. Giqubax.

Iqdar? split (wood), pr, Ite-
qaddar, HP. 205.

Eqdax? Qaddax? serve, min-
ister (Heb. and Arab. holy).
Aqeddax, minister, servant,
pi. Iqeddaxen.

Eqqel, become, return, do again,
pr. Itaqqal. See Ufal. Also
Iqqal, was shut, locked,
closed, Luke iv. 25, viii. 33,
John XX. 19, qu. turned?
Eqqel (before another verb)
expresses repetition in Ha-
met: perhaps from slavish
imitation of Arabic : as Beqqel
eurau, iteravit peperit, she
bare a child agatnf Gen. iv. 2.

Eqlu, broil (Heb. and Arab.),
aor. Iqla, pr. Iqillu. Imqili,
dinner, V. [But else Amikli,
as if from Heb. and Arab.
Akel, eat.]

Iqlillu, vn freq. rolls over, tmp.
Qelulli.

ve SeqluUi, roll away (the
stoDc), Mat. xxviii. 2.

Eqlaq, flash ; Qulqan, they
flashed, Br.

Qim, rim, sit. See Fim.
vo Izaqqiman, pc. remaining
as surplus, Mar. x. 21.

XJqqem, do, make (only Han.),
rather arrange, as Arab.
Sewwi for do, pr. Ituqqem
na Aweqqem ; S iqam, in
arrangements ^2235. Nuq-
qem imensi, we prepared a
supper, 203. Koll xi yu-
qem, every thing nice, 412.
HaAur yuqemen, bonne pa-
role, 413.

Iqmas, he trembled, Mar. v. 33,
Mat. xxviii. 4.

Eqqen, bind fast, tie (to one-
self morally), attach, HP
230. na Gawaqna (moorage).
Eiqan, a tie, bond, V. — pr.
iGaqqen.

vp Ituaqqen, po. pass. Imaq-
qan, tied fast, fem. Gimaq-
qent, HP 295.

Iqqur, it is or was dry, parched,
stiff, pi. Quren, are ripe.
GaqarO, GafarG, dry land,
drought. Afurar, dryness.
Qari, the solid earth.
ve Isfer, make dry.

Qar, call, avow, assert (Heb.
and Arab.), pr, Iqqar, with
dative, aor. Iqra. Aqqam-as,
they call him.

Iqerri, he reads. Br. has Eqra,
as imperative. Ho. has Per.

Giqaree, a kick, V., Shilha?

Aqraf , calumniate, Br. (Arab.
Qarrif , clip close.)

Iqas, he went through, he cross-
ed, Mat., John iv. 4, vi. 17.

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66

SABAIL TEBBS AITD TESBALS.

Eqqes, prick, string,^. iGeqqes,
na 8eqis6, a sting, stab ;
Gawaqqesa, d°*
vo GisiqisG, dart or sting of
scorpion, etc.

Qissen, " fais e8sayer,"HP 248,
syntax obscure.

Qayyar, pass the evening, Br.
under Soir: pass the night
without sleeping, Br. under
Veiller. pr, Itqayyar. na
Aqayyar [Whether a per-
version of Arabic, is obscure].

Iqe^u, pr. he indicates, hints,
expresses, HP 412.

Iqqaz, he tramples down, HP
6. [Iffaz, he digs.]

E.

Yir, bad, base = Arabic Su*.

Yir (as a verb), is bad, HP

330. Hence Airi, bad, fern,

Airie.
Ira, he wished (Tu. Irha), he

entreated. Hence Etref, I

entreat, 'SP passim.
Eu, weep, sob, pr. Itru. Aaihi,

he weeps, HP 428. Ma 0eru,

if she weep, d** Itrun, pc.

weeping.

vo Isru, he caused to weep.
Aru, write, aor. Yura, pr. Itaru,

na Tira. "Win yuren, he who

has enlisted (qui se conscrip-

sit), HP 54.

vp Ituaru, pr. pc. Ittarun.
Aran, bring forth young ; aor.

Yurau, fern. Gurau, Gura,

pr. Ittarau. ITran, they be-

gat, Gen. vi. 4. Arawan,
were bom. Gen. vi. I. OIa
ur nuriu (negative partici-
ple), those women who have
not given birth. Aran, child,
progeny, J!?/. Arawan. Garwa,
GarrauB, progeny. (SoArax).
Garau, Garaut, Atarau, child-
birth. ArguG for Arwu0, be
fruitful, Gen.viii.l8,ix.l, 7.

Wari? GewariG, disaster {re-
verse ?) HP 35. In Shilha,
Yewarri, rediit, revertit, see
Err, below.

Iran, he brays. Ho.

Erwu, be glutted, aor. Irwa,

pr. Irebbu, or Ireggu. Ter-

wuJ, thou art satiated, pc,

Irwan, satiated, na Garuya.

vo Serwu, satiate, pr. Aser-

wai, «« Aserwu. []Wemay

comp. Arab. Irwi, quench

thirst. See also Yawan

above.]

Err, give or send back, make
or charge (into), repay, re-
place, vomit. (Comp. Arab.
Rodd), aor. Irra, pr. Iterra.
Err balik, err 0amau9, turn
thy attention ; for Arab. Dir
balak. TJr 9atarra, ne te
avertas. Matt. v. 42. Err d
aberkan, turn black, Br. Irra,
** il se laisse m^ner," Br. na
Iriri, the taking back a di-
vorced wife, HP na Iriran,
giving back, vomiting, Br.
[Ar k etarraf d el mumen,
while I regarded thee to be
a believer, HP 383.]

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KABAIL VEKB8 AND TEKBALS.

67

Irabba, he nursed in his arms,
Heb. Kabba ; yet it is treated
as Arabic in El ulad el terab-
bin, HP 64, children in arms.
vp Itwarabba, Mar. ix. 36,
X. 16. [ErbaG, embrace,
Ho., qu. nurse him fl

Ireb, is ruined, Y. Heb. Uarab,
Ar. £arab : Win irebbun el
Haq, Qui cache la v6rit^,
H. Gr. p. 320. qu. corrupts ?

TuraA, ( a garment) was washed,
imp, IriA, pr. ItiriA, na
GarcAa, HP 66.
vo SiriA, wash, scour, pr,

IsiriA, na AsireA.
vp ItusireA.

ErAa, gnash the teeth. Ho.
but qu.

ErA, *' p^ter," Han. na XJriJ.

Yuref, is burnt, HP 418.
Ref ref, be burnt out ?
vc Serferef, extirpate, HP
135.

Ireffes, he furnishes food ? na
XJraffes, forced hospitality,
HP 70.

Ireg, for Ireggu, Br. See Erwu.
ArguG, see Aran.

Ireg, Irej, he came out, it
issued, imp. Erg, pr, Itrug,
na Garugi, Er., common in
Hamet. Gergam, yearecome
out, Luke vii. 24 ; Ergif, I
came out. Perhaps from
Arab. Raraj.
vo Sereg, bring out, drive out.

Erf, (Ref, Br.) vn flame ; Heb.
and Ar. Haraq. aor. Irfa,
pr. Ireqq, na Irefa, HP.

vo Serf, Esaref, Sif, kindle,
burn, pr, Iserfa, Isifa, na
Aserfi Asifi, Guserfa.

Gerfit, a hot coal, pi, Gerfin.
Argu, dream thou, aor, Yurga

(Yuraf, Y.) pr. Itarga.

GergiG, a dream, pi, Girga.

[Tu. Ychorga, he dreamed.]
XJrraf, was yeUow, pale. Uraf,

gold. Auraf, yellow, fern.

GiurafG, Ho. Latin Aurum.
Ergeb (Beni Moz. see.) But

Y. has Erfab, a spy. Ar.

Baqab.
ReJAcl, limp, pr, ItireJAcl, na

AreJAol.

vc Serej Ail, [Arab. Rijl, foot.]
Ergigi, tremble [Heb. Rasas,

Ar. Rasax]. aor, Irgagi,

^r.Itergigi, wflfArgigi, Argig.
Iregle'p, he lisped, Br. Aregluf,

a lisper.
Ergam, insult, outrage ; Regu-

men, they vaunt of prowess ;

na Gawaregma, an outrage.

[Possibly at bottom, Arab.

Orjom, pelt with stones.]
Ir£a, he hung down the head,

Br. (Arab, was loose.)
Ra£raj, snore, Y,pr, Iter£arij.

See Ej£er.
Irka, it is decayed, imp, Erku.

Erkan, are foul, rotten, HP

229. na Rekku, rottenness.

vc Eserki, soil, make dirty,

Y. Girke, the plague, V.

Erkem, boil, vn pr, Irekkem.

na Arkam.

vo Serkem, boil; na Aserkam.
Erwel, flee (Arab, and Heb.

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68

KABAIL YEBBS AKD TEKBALS.

J<allal),^. Ireggel. Ameri-

wel, a libertine, Br., Y., vaga-
bond ?

iHf Serwel, put to fligbt, na
Aserw«l. Biraula, flight,
escape,

vr 3id pi. Emeriwalen,
*' (they) go off,'' Ho. Pro-
pably, ** they flee mutu-
ally" — ue, part from an-
other. Also, as noun,
Ameriul, a loose vest. Br.
Remmafl, bellow.

vo Esarimmill, d°' Y,
Ermel, dig (a hole) in : pr,

Iremmel (Arab. Eaml, sand).
Emu, augment, add ; aor. Ima,

pr. Irennu. [Tu. Ima, he

won, overcame.]

vc irregular. Isn-emi, he
adds, HP 304.

I'P Imema? Gimema, sup-
plement, Han. na Gimer-
niu0, Br.
Es-rirraH, roar (as cannon) —

shout the war cry, HP 136,

140.
Irriq, it streamed in the wiud,

pr, Itirriq.
IJrar, play, na TJrar, pr. Iturar.

Wurar, the feast, HP 341.
Eririg, swim? Itseririg {i.e,

Iteririg?, it swims, Ho.)
Ires, it is placed, situate, Br.,

it is set down, written.

Ham. Ers, come down,

alight, aor. Irsa, pr. Items,

na Garusi, descent, Han.

Gers, Geres, basis, bottom,

HP 13.

vc Sers, set down, put, pr,
Isems, Isrusai, Br.
Isres (in the Gospels), he set
down, i.e. wrote,
vp? Teseres, he is over-
thrown, HP 3.
vp Itusera, it was set down
or placed. Ara yarsen,
dejected, abased, Luke
xviii. 14.
Aras, brown, HP 337, 347, 387.
ErweG? ve SerweG, thresh
(com), aor. IsserweG, Han.,
also has trampled, HP 310.
Irsed? suppurate, na Arsed,

suppuration, Br.
Ery, va break: {also spend,
Br.) [The z is the Tefinagh
double croesrrHeb. X-] Ir^a,
he broke, pr. Itruy, na Ginr i,
Garayi. vn Irrey, is broken.
vp Imery, d°* Ameryu,
broken, Br., also Meryi,
break one another, Han.
nu Ameryi.
vc Ismeryi, he caused to be
broken. But Freeman
writes Erz with soft z for
the Tu. of Ghat.
Arez, chain thou (Arab. Eezze,
iron staple). Yurez, he
chained, pr. Itarez.
Amurez, a captive.
vo Sirez, pr. Isaraz.
vp Ituarez, he was chained.
Irzaf, he bestowed? [Arab.
Eezeq ?]. na GarzefO, a gift,
Han. Gr. See Ibzer.
Erzag, be bitter. Irzagen,
bitter, na Gerzeg, bitterness.

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KiBAIL. YEBBS AND VERBALS.

69

S.

As, come ; generally As-id,
come hither, aor, Yusaf, Yu-

; sad, 'pr. Itas. TJaan-d, they
came ; na GiisiG, arrival, Br.

XJsu, cough thou; aor. Yusa,
^. Itusu; na GusuG, a cough.

Essu, spread out, va^ esp. a
carpet ; aor. Issa, pr. iGissu.
Also as top Issa, (a place) was
bestrewed; na TJsa, Oisi, a
couch. IsiB, a vale. Gen.
xiv. 17; Bussant, d°* Gen.
xiii. 10. \Yet Issi, a spider,
fern, Gisist. Bissa, terror,
HP 169; iStftf Tssus.

Siy, soak thou, Br. ; aor, Isiya.

Sit, Eswtj, drink thou ; aor
Iswa, 8 'pf. Suan ; pr, Isess,
iBess, Br., Ham. na Biswi,
a drink, pi, Biswi9in, Br.,
but BissiG, HP 345 ; Issau,
Issi, a bottle, Gen. xxi. 1 4, 15.
vc Seswa, irrigate.

Essa, possess, aor, Issa, pr,
Isassu. Peculiar to Kab.
Perhaps from Arab. "Wessa,
contain.

Subb, cook, dress food.
ve from Yubba, Yuwa.

Subb, for Zubb, alight (from
horse or camel).

Essayub, chatter. Ho. pr, It-
sayub.

Sud, rub the skin, Br.

Sui, Suf, blow, from ASu,
Afu, wind. Itsut, Ho., it
hisses [cf. Arab. Sut.] na
Asuiu ; Basuf , bellows.

TJseiif,. black, HP 221, as Tu.
Isaff ef, and Sa/f af, Kab. ?

SuAen, kiss, salute, aor, IsuAcn,

pr, lusAun, YM, AsuAcn, dim,

BasuAcnt, little kiss.

vp ItusuAcn. [Ho. has Isu-

Acm, as if from XJAcm,

face.]

Isfed (Br. under Mettre) he has
taken (his sword) in hand :
also, he transpierced.

Isfef , he has rubbed, cleansed,
wiped, furbished up (a wea-
pon), Br. Wasfa/p, sack-
cloth, clouts? Mat. xi. 21.

Sif, 9ifty aor, Isif, pr, Itsif. Br.
andV.

Sig, look at, observe ; Sigga9,
beware ye ; aor, Isseg, Issej,
pr. Issijji (Lukei. 48). na
XJsig, aspect ; Aseggi, faculty
of sight, observation.

Assiggan, they expect. Mat.
xxiv. 13. Winna ur nasseg
ara Aagwan, he who regards
you not, Mar. vi. 11.

Sif {Bmi Menasser), give, pi,
SifeG, aor, Issef. This is
also used in Kabail poetry,
HP 28, 313.

Sif for Sirf, kindle. See Erf.

Saf, buy ; perhaps vc from Af,

Awaf . aor. Issaf, pr, Itisaf , n,

vp Imsef, na BimesfiuO, a

purchase. [In Gen. EsfuG,

buy ye, Isafa, he bought.]

Suf, cry aloud, ^r. Itsuf.

Suaf, mar, spoil.
vp Ituaf. 8ee under Af.

Isegelef (a dog), barked, na

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70

•gABATT. TBEBS AND TEBBAX8.

Aseglef: also Giseglif, KP
225, dim. ?

IsfareB, it screeched. From
Tar?

Isujuj (the bird), carolled, Ho.

Suhurri, moan, as a dove. Latin
Susurro ? na Asuhurri.

Sekk, Sekkef, I have stayed,
dwelt, HP 310.

Skoa ? Emeskoa, foreign, Ho.

EskcA, observe, gaze at; Se-
kiAef, I see, HP 328. na
EskuA, sight. Ho. na Asek-
kuA, Br. SkiAaf, I observed,
H. Gr. 261. FromAgud?

Eskaf, draw up by the breath,
suck in or up.

Eskakai, cackle, Ho.

Esken, show, point out, point
at, denote, teach. Frequent
in Hamet. aor. Iskun, pr.
Isekken. Also vn appear.

Esker, make, do, place, build,
work ; aor, Iskar, pr, Isek-
kar, na Askur, building, Gen.
xi. 8. Askeri annaf, our
work, Gen. v. 9. na Gasekra,
an action. [This verb sup-
plies the use of Eg, which
suggests an unpleasant sense.]
Ho. has Eskaro, a bargain,
which, if correct, seems to
be from this root.

Isekker, Isukker, he raised, for
Isenker. 8ee Ikker, Inker.

Isekaf , he has devastated, HP
141. Arab. ?

Isul, he gained. Mat. xxv. 20,
Luke xix. 16, 18. This
seems to be the root of

Shilha Sulj moreover, yet
further, more. — Ho. has Isu-
\id, gained.

Isiwel, Isiul, he talked. See
Awal.

Sel, hear thou; aor, Isla, pr,
Issel, Isell. Isli, HP 231,
" mes paroles." Isel, faculty
of hearing.

Esleb, make a fool of; jpr.Issel-
leb. Ameslub, silly, imbe-
cile. [Arab. Seleb, plunder ;
misused for Cheat ?]

Eslef, va plaster, Br.

Selwef, polish.
vc fromLuaf?

Asem, be envious, jealous, aor,
Yusem, pr, Itasem. na
Gisemin, jealousy, envy.

Summ, Sum, suck; pr, Ite-
summu, na Asummu, Asum.

IsmeG ? pr, IsummeO, reposes
on, HP 889.

Semmum, sour, tart, Isemmum,
was sour. [Arab, semm,
poison.]

Semir, pour out, spill.
vc from Imar. Semaren,
they poured out.

Ismusus, importunate, Br.

Ismutti, he rooted up, na As-
muttie, Mat. xiiL 29, 28.
Esmati, carry away, aor,
Ismuti, V. {ahatulit may agree
with Matth.) This may be
a verb causative, from root
Mati.

Semmiq^, SemmiS, cold, fresh;
Jiff, frigid. Esmef , freshen,
Br. Asammcf , cold, coolaess.

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KABAIL TEBBS AND TXBBAL8.

71

EsmnzeguB, listen, attend, HP
375. Ismuzekee, HP 231.
[Compound of Arab, esmas ?
hear.]

Essen, Sen, know ; aor. Issin,
pr, Itissin.
vp Ituassen.

vc Isisinna, he made known
na Gemusni, knowledge,
wisdom, science. Amu-
senau, experienced, H. Gr.
251.

Esni, thread a needle, aor. Isna,
pr, Isenni.

Saqq-en, have disappeared, HP
271.

Isaqsi, he inquired, pr, Itsaqsi.
na Gasaqsi, Arab. Qaya?

Senq^cA, solder.
-vo from EnfCA.

Iseqax, he arranged (soldiers
in Kne), HP 104, perhaps
. vc from a root Iqax.

Yusser, he is old. User (ITxer,
XJzer), an old man, GusserO,
GauserG, old woman, pi,
Gusserin, Gauserin. Guser,
old age.

Serj-ent, 3 pi, f, (keys) are
made, HP 65, are forged on
the anvil ?

Serrem, bridle (a mule), pr.
Itserrem, Br. But HP 236,
interprets Iseram, he has
plotted. Ho. has Arse^, a
bridle, with w., Arab, halter,

Issus, bends, is weak. Iss,
weakness, HP 370. Gissus,
terror, 82, 85, but Gissa, d°-
169. [Issisen, provider (!)

HP 374, feeder? fix)m ve

Setx ? or, giving us to drink ?

from Seswa ?]
Susi, weed thou, pr, Isusui, na

Asusi.
Susef (Copt and Berber, Ho.),

spit, pr, Isusuf, na Asuse^

Gasusfa, spittle.
Susem, be silent, pr, Itasusxmi,

na Asusem, a secret. Gen.

xlix. 6. D asusam, taciturn,

na Gasusemi.

vc Issusem, he silenced, re-
proved.
Isusuwiz, he chatted, gossiped,

Ho.
Suf , blow. See SuX.
Isewetet, he smelt, Ho.
Etsuat, address, Ho. (qu. Et-

siul?)
Isseq^, (a dog) was mad.
Estabeh, sneeze. Ho.
Saf af, black (Richardson). See

UseXif.
Saff el, shave thou, na Asaff el.
SuGer, beseech [Iter, Tu. Shil. ;

Yetter, Ghad.] pr, IsuOur,

na AsuBer GasuGra, a re-
quest. Perhaps from EGred.
Esf er, make lower.

vc from Afar.

T G.

Etta, laugh; aor. Itta, pr,
Itetta, na Getta.
vc Setta, make to laugh.

AuG, strike ; aor, YuwaG, pr,
IkkaG. IJGif, I struck, na
GiyiGi, a stroke, a shot, a
plague. [IwaGa, matches

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72

ITATIATT. YEBBS AND TEBBALS.

with; HP 31, 238, 295,299

hiSf 300,/. 8ewa0a. Possibly

from Arab. vi. Tewata.]
Itu, he forgot.
Etfu, yawn, aor, Itfa, pr, Iteffu,

na Tefwa.
6afaq? AmOafaqan, they de-
liberated. Mat. zxii. 16.
Itiif, he was (Ben Men. Moz.),

also HP 391, AniAa if Guf,

'U4 ou nous en sommes."
Ettel, coil up, swaddle, pr.

iGettel.
Eered (EGr-ed?), ask. [Iq^er,

he asked, Tu.^ lAer, Smlha.]

GimeGra, a petition. Hence

SuGer ?
Etayar, to dream. Ho. (qu.

Arab, be flighty, fanciful ?)
Etx, eat, aor. Itxa, pr. IGet, na

Utxi.

ve Sets, pr. Isetxa.

vp Ituetx, Imetx.

vr Emsetxen, they gave mu-
tual meals.
Itxall, he was angry. naAtxaQ,

anger. Tu. Itkar.
Etxam, bleed, Ho.
Etxar, be full, aor. Itxur, pr.

Itatxar^
Itxamen, it rung out, tinkled,

Br.
Txetchau ? vr Emtxetxau,

quarrel, na Amtxetxu, Br.

T.

Awef , Ewef , AweX, EuZ, ap-
proach, arrive, aor. Yuwef ,
na 8awef a, arrival.

PC Siwef , Siui, guide, join,
bring close, accompany.
Am^weq^, a guide.

Tabiz, stoop, Br.

Eff e2, suck the breast.
vo Suf eS, suckle, pr. Isuf ui,
na AsufeL

Eff ef, catch, seize, hold. Heb.
Hafaf, Arab. Ra/faf. {See
Akuqvpef.) pr. iGe^af.
r^.Itua^ef. Awa/pef, fisher-
man. Ho. Gawaf fa, Guf e£a,
game, booty.

Epfer, ESfer, follow ; pr.
Ifeffer, I^pfefer. na GaJ-
furG, Han.

vo Sef fer, cause to follow.
vr Imsef far, d°* reciprocally.

I^(ur, inHamet is quite opposed
to I'p£ar. viz. vn I'pfar, he
came nigh, Mar. xi. 1, John
ii. 13, iv. 47, and va Gen.
iv. 3, bring, offer. Also ve
Isaf far, offer, produce, pre-
sent, bring out, John xxi.
8, Luke XV. 22. [I do not
find this in Br. nor in Han.]

Ti£er, vn keep aloof (ffore I
gore /) push off from shore.
But, with soft t, ve? Is-
ta£er, he has transported,
HP 137. EstiRar, escape,
HP 57. But also : If far, va
remove, drive away. Perhaps
this should be If £.ar.

Til, ponder, examine, Br., aor.
If il, Iff al, pr. If ilH, If alaL

Yufan, Yuian, he fell sick.
Muf an, sick.
ve Isaf en, he made sick.

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JLLBAIL YEEBS AND YESBALS.

73

Tayyir (often in Ham.), take
away ; perhaps a variety of
Ti£.ar.

Tar, come down, aor. If ra, it
came down, or va befel, Br.
Teren as imeqvpawen, tears
ran down to him. Hra, has
befaUen, HP 345.
vo Isaf ar, he brought down.

Tarbeq, unsew, rip up, Br.

Tapf eq, crackle (Arab. Taq'p iq).
I/|vpeivjveq, it gushed (gur-
gled?) forth, Br.

Eff as, sleep thou, na If as,
sleep.

Eff ax, va sow. [Amf ix, sow-
er ? Af !x, seed ?], but Af ix,
sower, Amf IX, seed, Ho.*

Teiix, for Yeakk (says Han.)=*
yeafk, he gave (Moz.) ; also
in the Eif Morocco.

AxdaQ, dance.

Xuff, Exuf, inflate, swell, na
Axuffu.

* [In Hamet I found If ay-
yax, sevit? serit? Gen. iv. 2,
i. 12; Tayyixan, they sowed.
Mat. vi. 26 ; fuL A^if ayyax.
Mat. xiii. 3; Afayyax, seed,
lit, and fy,, Gen. xv. 3 ; Mu-
f ayyax, a sower. Mat. xiii. 8 ;
also XJfayyax, a sower, in 1.
3; Attifix, seed, Gen. i. Iv.
Brosselard does not seem to
know the verb.]

Axfu, abide, stay, aor. Ixfa,
pr. Ixaffa, John i. 33; vi.
57, etc. ; Mat. xii. 25. Fre-
quent in Hamet. [Axeffa,
a steep place, Luke viii. 33.
Exxafa, Xafa, steep rocks,
an abrupt peak, HP 358,
209, seem related to Axfu,
as Steep to Stop.]

Ixxef (sweat), ran down, Br. ;
under Suer.

Exxeg, Exxef , slip, stumble,
pr, iGexxeg,
vc Sexeg.

Xikk-ef, I believe, HP 318
(Arab. Xukk, doubt). Ixuk-
ka9, he thought, supposed;
common in Hamet.

Ixelwan, pc, sparkling, Han.
So HP, 5.

Xelwex, dazzle.

Ixmet, it is cheap, Br.

Xen-ani, they talk of me, HP
371.

Exena, blame, Ho. {qu, Arab.

Ixir, he strikes (il frappe),

HP 237 ; see Yuwa0.
Ixrar, it hung over. Gexerur,

adorned with pendants, HP

423.
Xerxer, drop, drip, HP 415.

Axerxer, cascade, as Arab.

Xelxal.
Erxa, sweep, wipe off, pr,

Ixerru, Br., HP 370. Ixran,

pass, part.f swept. Ham.
Xeriib ufilas, '* moucheture de

panthere," HP 414.
Xerreg, tear, rend ; Xerej, d***

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74

XABAIL TESBB AITD TEBBALS.

(Arab. Xeraf ), pr, Ixerrag,
passweh/, na tlxarrigy a strip.

XarRur, snore? [Esharhoor,
Ho.]

Xerreq, to rest fixed, HP 435
[gazing eastward ? Arab.]

"Waxxit, %o&, to the touch, HP
343.

Xixen, Amxixu, a fray, Ho.
Emxexaun, they were em-
broiled in fray.

Z 3.

Z represents two Libyan letters
(Z and 'S ?) ill-distingaished,
probably answering to He-
brew T and X* I think it
clear that the Tuarik type of
double cross corresponds to
?. In Sergu it degenerates
into /^ and h. I write z
when I blow no better.

Ayu, XJy, skin, flay ; aor, Yuya,
pr, Itaya. [_8er^Uj Oxe.]

Ezzu, fry, broil, parch, toast,
roast ; aor. Izza, pr. iBezzu,
na Uzzu. Gezzu, inflamma-
tion, HP 108.
vp Ituazzu.

"Wiz, va aid, pr. Iwazyu, na
Towizi, mutual aid, HP 437.
The last suggests Arab. vi.
the being side by side.

Izwa, he went away, Moz.

Kzzi, turn round, vn go round,
aor. lzz&,pr. I9ezzi, vereatur.

[Ezzi fel, surround ; adf. Ezzi,
round. Gaziya, roundness,
Ho.J

Gizi, circuit? territory. [But
Gizi, notch in a mountain,
Han.]

Eyyu, plant, aor. lyya, pr.
iGeyyu, na ITyyu.
vp Ituayyu.

lyai, was heavy, Gay ait, weight,
Br., burden, Mat. xx. 11,
xxvi. 43, incivility, Ho.

Eyai (vir) gravis, serious ;
Amayai, d** (man) of weight.
ve Isayi, he overloaded. See
Tu. lyyuy.]

Ezwi, shake, va (Arab. Hozz
and Zaszas), na GizwiG. na
Azwai, a shock, pi. Izwain.

fWesas, E35a£. Under Ke-
pandre, Chasser, ficouter. Br.
it looks like Arabic.

Zubb, vn alight, dismount.

Zebber, va drive afar, HP 38.

D Aziibri (Lat. Sobrius) serious.

Ezbeq^, act with address, Br.
D azebbef , skilful.

Sis, was sweet. GeyiS, sweet-
ness. Soft d in Tu.

ScA, grind (com), sharpen (a
knife), Br., pound, mash,
aor. lyAa, pr. lyyad, Br. na
lyiA.

IzaA, he sinned (Heb. Zid, sin
boldly; AzyaAa, sin; pt.Iza-
Aan, sinning. [Arab, zid,
excess, is also used. Ziada,
excess, sin.]

EyAU, rest the head (for sleep),
recline at a meal, Luke vii.
87 ; aor. lyAau, pr. lyeddu.

Ezdi, pure. Ho. But see
Eydig. Gezdi, purity.

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XABAIL TEBBS AND TEBBALS.

75

EyAig, EyAij, be clean; pr.
lyeddig. Yuydagen, cleaned
(as wheat), Br. na GeyAig,
purity. Zeddig, Izdeg, a^'.
clean; Tizdegt^ cleanliness,
decency, Br.

vc Si^Acg, cleanse ; na Aziy-
ACg. [Heb. and Arab.
?adaq primitively meant
Just : possibly might mean
Pure ; and be identical
with this root. If so, it
was EyAig. Indeed in
Sergu, the Z becomes X,
andH.]
EzACf, dwell, sojourn, pr, Ized-
def. AmzeACf, encampment,
temporary village, pi. Imze-
Aaf. [Izzef or lyyef in
Tuar.] GanezdufO, habita-
tion, Han.

vc Han. Gr. 818. IzzcACf,

forlzezcACf? he harboured

(a pauper).

EzAcl, sit on eggs; na IzAal.

GizAclan, women, Br. {qu.

slang word ? h'ood hens ?)

(1) EzAcm, cut faggots, pr,
Izeddem.

(2) EyAcm, rush on an enemy,
swoop as eagle, HP 88, 104.
[Kazimirski calls it African
Arabic; /^tX-tf dash together.]

na EzzcAma, the rush or
charge of battle, HP 165, pr.
Izeddem, HP 166. But Luke
i. 1, xiii. 24, it has a moral
sense, strive^ make effort,']
EzzeAmir, reply; common in

Hamet. The Beni Men. have

ScAcmer, speech, qu, vcfrom

AAmar, bosom ?
IzAin, he mingled, Luke xiii. 1,

Mat. i. 18.— HP 318, 319,

{some one) has mingled.
Ezder, vn sink (in water),

plunge ; na Azder.

vc Sezder, drown, precipitate.

(1) lyyef, has dropt off, HP
208. Yuyaf, (punishment)
has passed away ? HP 116.

(2) Izif? pr, Itezzif, "he
sounds the war cry," HP 42;
Unless this z is d&erent, one
might rather interpret it, —
'* the combatants drop o/!"

Ziju, Siju, sell ; see Uju.

Eyyeg, milk (cattle), pr, I0ey-
yeg. GamayyagG, udder, pi,
Gimuyyag.

Izga (common in HP), pr,
Izuggi, HP 17, 85, 150, 168,
212, 235, 250, 251, 327,
329, 332, 416. Hanoteau's
renderings are many and
vague, but Ur izuggi, 250,
* * it passes not, " t .^. it lasts for
ever ; seems to fix the primi-
tive idea. His shot hurries
to (Gezga faf ) the mark. The
honey runs upon (izga faf)
the porridge. Ad ezge{ fellas,
I will pass upon it, i,e, will
invade it, take possession. —
Denial runs upon (izga faf)
her tongue. With a verb
following, Han. explains izga
to mean always ; as Izga yuli
(yudi) is always lofty, always

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76

SABAIL TEBBS AND TEEBALS.

raised, always ready (for
fire). Cf. old English, "^a««-
ing strange " for ** very
strange." HP 416 izga usas-

, sas, a patrol is always in
motion ? [One would expect
the present, i.e. hahtttial
tense.] In 17, Izga d i0uk-
kel, **are hecome" agents,
qu. pass as agents ? [Br.
under Moins, has XJr d izga,
will not (8ur)pass.

Azeggaf, red ; see Izwef.

Iziju, he sold, vc from Eju.]

Ezgel, miss a mark, pr. Izeggel,
na Azgal. IzgeliO, he has
failed of overtaking him, Br.
vp Ituazgel.
vr Miezgel.

Eyger, go across (a river), pr.
lyegger.

Izegger, pr. of Izwar.

Zigzau, be green, fresh in vege-
tation ; Azegzau, AzegzsL,
green ; also blue, HP 211.'

Izwef, it becomes red, pr. Izeg-
gaf or Itzewef. Zuggaf , red.
GigwefG, redness.
vo Sezwef, redden.

(1) Ezfel, make sign.

(2) Ezfel, be hot, pr. Ezeqqel,
fut A A yizefil. na Azfal,
fiery heat. Mat, Luke.
Hence perhaps Azal, ten
o'clock, HP 198; noon, HP
237. Deg uzal, at the hour
of heat. Azal, sunheat at
midday, Br. Compare Arabic
Sa£an with Za.[sl.

Zufer, trail behind one ; tow ;

conduct, pr. Izzufur, fut.
Aa izagger, Luke vi. 39.
Ezhu, rejoice, na Ezhu, joy.
A A ezhan, they shall rejoice,
Luke i. 14. [Arab. Zehi,
gay of colour.] See EAhu,
amuse thyself.
Zahur, big, aor. Izhar, pr.
Izahhar.

vo Suzher, make big, Br.
Zu£, adorn, glorify, na a glory,

ornament.
ZekeG or ZegeO, an unknown
root, seen in Ismuzeke^, Is-
muzeguG, listen, with Arabic
.£!w«as,hear,HP231.
Sail, pray, jw-.Itey alia (Chaldee

and Arabic).
Wezzil, XJzzil, shortj Yuzil, is
short; softened from Gezil,
Egzil, to cut, as short from
shear, Curtus from Kelpco.
Ezlu, offer incense, sacrifice,
slay ; aor. Izla, pr. Izella.
vp Imzel {fern. Gemezal, HP
237). n« GemzelwiG, alter.
[Perhaps this is the Libyan
root, to which Arab, and
Chaldee t^ala is akin ; and
?all above was introduced
with Islam.]
Ayyel, run; aor. Yuyyel, pr.
Itayyal, na Giyla, speed ; na.
Guyyela, course.
vo Ziyyel.

vr Mizayyel. [Sergu, Oxel.]
This root is comparable to
Ar. £ajel, hasten ; but not
the less native.
Zullel, pirouette, Br.

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KABAIL VEEBS AND VEEBALS.

77

Ezmi, wring, squeeze, Br., hut
Izmi, was deficient, John ii. 3.

Eymir, be able ; pr. lyemmer,
na GiymerG, ability, power,
or GayemerO, strength. [In
Shilha the cognate root Ez-
mir has three dots over first
radical.]

Izen (in HP and Shilha), he
sent, imp. Azen, HP 217, pr.
Itazen, 413. Zenaf, Azenef,
I sent, 152, 331.

Izeny, he sold.
vc from Eny.

Ezinzinu, to hum. (Arab.
Zinn ; but the word imitates
the sound.)

Azri, a debtor. Ho., but qu.

Ser, see (Arab. Nal^ar and
Bayar),, aor. lyra, pr. lyerr,
na Oiyri, sight, power of
sight, na GawayriuG, visage.
Mat. xxviii. 3.
vp Imyer, na GimayriuG, a
vision, Luke i. 22. Meyref,
I was seen ; pr. Itemyer.

Eazer, loose, Ho., but qu.

Zur, Uzur, be robust, Han.,
aor. Izwer? Izur, was in
good health, Br. Gezwer, is
difcult, HP 41 . See Zahur
above.

Sewir, precede, hold prece-

dence, aor. Izwar, pr. Izeg-
ger, Izegwer. Gazwara, be-
ginning, lyegger affa, he
shall retffn over, Luke i. 33.
Barth has Ixexwer, he be-
gan. Amaywer, first. Gim-
azwarO, princedom, primacy.
Mat. vi. 10. Geyewar, an-
cestry ? princes ? HP 227.
vi Reywir, advance (money),
Br. Amzuaru, anterior,
ancient; Han.

Izreb, he hastened, Br. and HP
(Arab, leak, flow, fence up),
pr. Izerreb. Izerben Aaze-
rab, " hurrying in haste" ?
HP 117. va drove away.
Gen. XV. 11.

IzircA, it crawled, crept. Gen. i.
IzirAi, a small rat, Han. ; a
mink (sic) Ho. ; any creeping
thing. Gen. i. 26, pi. Izir-
Aawen. Compare Ar. Dabba.

Azerqaq, blue, Br. (Arab. Az-
raq).

Ez'p, weave ; aor. Izze'p, pr,
Ize^a. Aziff a. web, tissue,
woven fabric, pi. Ize^awen.

f Eyyel, stretch out a limb, pr.
IBeyyel.

Zuzzer, winnow, pr. Izuzzur,
Br. part. pass. Izuzzeren,
winnowed.

Digitized^ KjOOQIC

78

KABAIL NOUNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE YERBAL.

Fbwels»

A yaw, landed estate, pL "Waya-
wan, Mark x. 29-30.

Ai9, sons, folk. The singular
was probably Ag ; see Agma.

Gayet, shoulder, pi. Guya0, HP
278.

Twat, nightingale, Ho. but qu.

B.

Ibiu, Ibau, a bean, pL Ibawen.
Tibsa, loins.

Ibasax, insects, HP 214 (cor-
rupt from Ar. Wallx ?) but

see Abrux.
Ablbu, gnat, mosquito.
Ibibbi, porters, HP 183.
Tebabla, ballad singers, HP

340.
AbiAi, hooded cloak, pL IbiAi-

yen.
Abudid, stake or pile to be

driven in, pi, Ibudlden, Br,
IbaSniyen, ** the saints," HP

318, but qu.
Gebjut, rivulet, pL Gebjutin,

Ho.
Gibujajin, pancakes, Br.
Ubajrar, peak of mountain, HP

207.
Abefli, mortar for building, Br.
Ibahlul, silly, cracked.

Buhan, much.

Bullatuf, ant, B. Men. for

Te^afuflB.
GabaRsisO, a fresh fig.
Ubku, a cripple, Y.
Ibki, a monkey, pL Ibka, Ib-

kan, Br. Y.
Abukal, a pitcher, pi. Ibu-

kalen, Lat. Poculum and

Arab. ; also Abuqal.
Abukar, flowers of the fig, HP

379.
Abliwin, eyelashes, B. Men.

See Irgal and Axfer.
GabulabaisG, whirlwind, Br.
Dbilaf, property, wealth, Y.
Gabelfet, a shoe, Br.
Abelul, a fool, Shaw. [Tu.

Ambiddel.] 8ee Ibahlul.
Gablult, the shin, pi. Giblulan,

Ho. calf of the leg.
Abeliiin, bucket, pi. Ibelian.
Abandayar, timbrel, Gen. xxxi.

27.
Abandu, sunbeam entering

through a crevice, pi. Ibunda,

HP 62.
Gabanjal = Persian Badinjan,

French Melong^ne, blue-
bottle cucumber.
Bank, HP 158, dwarf wall, par-
tition in Eabail house.
Gabanta, leathern apron, pi.

Gibantawin.
Gabant, cassia tree, pi. Gibantin.

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KABAIL NOUNS; NOT KNOWN TO BS TEBBALS.

79

8ebaqlt, earthen plate, ^/.Geba-

qitm, Y.
GabqaxG, a plate, Del. jun.
Abeqsi, porringer, pL Ibeq-

siyen.
BaberruiG, turnip (parsnip ?)

Br, pi, Giberrum.
GabburO (Zuave) GawwarG

(Bougie), a door, pi, Gibbura.

Perhaps originally a curtain,

from Ibar, he veiled. In

Tuarik Tahurt, also Tifal-

wat. AgurG for AwwarO

with Eeni Menasser.
Burebu, silkworm, Br., Y.

caterpillar.
Ebardi, a rib, pi, Ibardiyin, Y.
Abrid, a way, a process; une

fots, HP 92 [Abriq, Shilha;

Abarraqa, Tu.], pi, Iberdan ?

(furrow, Y.)
Abaref, fox, pi, Iburaf, fern,

Gabare[9.
Abrak, a duck, pi, Ibraken, Br.*
Abarku, pinnace, shallop, pi,

Ibarkowen ; cf. European

barque. See Abarqu.
Abrim, Tijig,pl, Ibriman, Br.
Aborqux, goldfinch, Del. jun. ;

perhaps from Arabic.
Abruri, hail; also Allabruii

(Boruri, Shil.)
Boruru, owl. Ho., HP 214.
Gabrurur, goat or sheep dung.

* Abrak is African Arabic,
but is possibly taken by the
Arabs from the Kabails. Yet Y.
gives Libraq, with Arabic El
before it.

Abrux, hestioh, moth, worm,

pi. Ibrax.
Aibs, a horse, Moeat; hnro^?

Ais, Tu.
Busillan, salamander, pi, Busi-

Ilanen. ^ in Br.
Basaf, Hebrew tribe, Luke,

Uae^, Ar. Sibq^.
Abetof , a short dress, Ho.
*Abboq^, Sabbof, /. Ga*bof,

belly, womb.
Abbux, memhre virily Han. pi,

Ibbax, Heb. Buxa, shame.
Gibbax, woman's breasts, also

Gibbebax, Gibbuxin, HP

321. 347.
GabuxO, teat of cow, pi, Gib-
bax, Br.
Gabaxna, a pearl, Mat. xiii. 46.
Abzu, sand, Ben Men. See

Bizar (sic), herbs or pulse, HP

99. Arab. ?
Ibizan, herbs. Ham. Abazin,

greens, Br.
Gebuzu[a[t, measles.
Gebzert, tribute. Ho. (Arab.

a^wAgift?)
Gebzezf uf , girl of tender age,

HP 301.
Ebziz, a morsel, Han. Gr. 257 ;

perhaps grub of an insect.
Abziz, locust, pi, Ibzaz, Y.,*

pi. Ibzazu, Mar. L 6.

Dand A.

TlAi, butter, pi, TJAawen (Arab.
Dau, buttermilk) ; melted
butter, ghee, Y. /S^Temadet.

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80

KABAIL KOITNS, KOT KNOWN TO BE TBSBALS.

Iddu, ape, pi. Iddawen.

"Wadda, vipers ? (Hamet, Luke
iii. 7) but qu. Apes ?

Gidi, sweat, V.

GaiAa, pine tree, pi, GaiAiwin.

GiAut, truth; adv, certainly,
yes. Tu. Tidet.

GudiG, gravel, Ho. See GudixG.

TaAut, wool, Hoest. See Taiut,
Br., and GaSuft.

Addau, under, adv. S addau,
below. Atad, bottom, Mat.
xxvii. 37 ; root (of tongue),
Mar. vii. 35.

Awiyif , a servant, Mat. viii.
6 ; xii. 18.

Audiu, horse, pi. Yaudewin.

AAbiu, a wolf, pi. lAbiwan,
Ho. (Arab. Aib, Heb. Zeb,)
but Aibiu in Tu. is Hysena,
as nearly Arab, and Heb.
See TJxxen.

Idabalen, musicians, Y. Arab.
J-»t, timbrel.

Iddad, a lad, John vi. 9.

AidiA, skinbag for water. Ho.,
pi. Aididln.

AAif, marrow.

Giwedfin, pi. ants, V. See
Tea'pufe.

Adfel, snow, Ho., Matth.

Aaffir, the back, that which is
behind. InTu.Aaffir. Com-
pare Arab, jj^ Aahr. As
preposition and conjunction,
Az Aiffir, behind, Ag Aaffir,
after. Tar Aaffir, backwards,
Aaffir ma, Ag Aaffir ma,
aprh que.

Adgal, Adjal, widower, pi.

Idgalin, Gadgalt, widow,
pi. Gidgalin. also GidgelB,
widowhood.

AAfa, prep, according to, HP
196, 197.

Adfaf, stone, stone wall, Br. ;
flint, N.pl. Idfafen, HP 144.

AAfar, stone (r for f ?) Ho. pL
lAfaren.

Adfer, leech, pi. Ide^ra, Br.

EdduII, a cradle, pi. Edwall,
Br. Y.(Arab.?).

Edehus, river, or river bank
(qu.) HP 368.

TJdek, gravy, sauce.

GidekG, mastich tree.

Adikel ufus, flat of the hand,
pi. Idukal.

Gedakumt, d***^?. Gidakumin.

Dekir, steel, Br. HP 239. See
Tekir.

Addula, one's turn {Lat. vicem),
Luke i. 9 ; also Saddala, alter-
nately, Br. (Arab, and Per-
sian ?)

GaAcla, Gadela, sheaf, ^/. Gade-
liwin.

Adles, a rush, stubble, pi.
Idlesen.

TlAam, human face, cheek, ^/.
TJAmawen ; also Aqadum,
which is nearer to Arabic.

lAammen, pi. blood. In HP 52
eing. lAim, as in Heb. and
Arabic. But Tu. has Axeni,
nearly as in Haussa.

GiAma, women (?) HP 343,
360. One might conjecture it
meant ofiaificu, women akin
in blood.

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SABAIL NOUNSy NOT KNOWN TO BE T£BBALS«

81

9udim9> bung, cork ; pan of

knee, Br.
lAmim, hawthorn, HP 308.
AAmar, breast, pL lAmaran.

ditnin, BedmerO, Ho.
Damns, haycock, Er.
Edemis, gap, Ho.
YaAni, roof, Luke vii. 6 ; Gen.

xix. 8.
BaAyant, a history, HP 119,
. 123,232. iSftf^Tu. Adawenni.
Addainin, stable, pi, Idduinan,

Ho.
Adaqqis, honeycomb, V.
6ideqqi6, a dish,/7/.6ideqqiyen,

Br. ; also pi. GiAaqi, Ho.
Airi, bad. See verb Yir.
BeAerO, ear of wheat, pL

BiAcran.
BeddarG, village [but house, Mo-

zab and "Wadreaghl (perhaps

Arabic), pi. Buddir or Bud-

darin (Arab. ?).
BaddurO, life. See verb Idder.
BederekO, linen tent. Ho.
Adrum, frontier of a village ; a

ward ?i?/. Iderman, HP 165.
AArar, a mountain, pi. lAurar

(more antique Urar), dimin.

Tadrart, hill, pi. Tidrarin.
Idis, side (delicate word for lap,

bosom, womb). Y. has Adis,

belly ; so Asaddis with Beni

Menasser, and with HP

191,
Daxr, pi. Doxur, Arabic in

form, and called African

Arabic ; common in Shilha ;

so in HP. It is explained

by Gr&berg de Hemso, as a

mountain Tillage of the Lib*
yans.
Budix0, gravel, Ho.

AiZi, dog, pi. lyiZan, Han.
Eiehae, bravery, HP 26. [Tu.

Eiehan, brave.]
AXuft, wool, Ben. Men., but

Ba£uft, BaSut in Eabail.
Alil, grape, pi. Hillan, Ho., Y.
Menaf, yesternight, Ben. Men.,

corrupt for IL enaZ.
Alar, Afar, foot, forefoot, pi.

Haren.
AXraf, furrow, pi. ISerfan.
Hergan, pi. droppings from an

animal.
AJamu, thicket, HP 383.
See also under T.

F.

Bafae, Bafat, light (from Tu.

verb Yefu), dawn, morrow ?
Tefl, see Tefthi.
Bafa, straw, Han. 316.
Tefowan, branches. Ho. Mozab.
Afud, knee, pi. Ifadden, HP

229. So Tu. See Begxerie.
Bifedint, toe, pi. Bifedenin.
Bififli, ** grain de beaute, Br.

pi. Bififliwin.
Tefihi, flesh, fleshraeat, Br.

(Teftyi, Shil. Itft, Weft,

Ghad.)
Aifki, milk»Akfai, Agfai, and

Tu. A£.
Befuka, Ho. Bcfuk6, sunlight,

sun.

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82

KABAIL NOUNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE VERBALS.

eifukal, subterfuges, HP 259.
Kker, Ifkerum, tortoise (Ifqe-

Iler, Beu Men.), pi, Ifkera(n).
Befkere, lock, Ho.
Bifekkarin, brains, Br.
Afe£8i, acorn, HP 142.
Gifilwin, dry seeds of bean, V.

haricots.
Gufamt, a reed, Luke yii. 24.
Afunes, bullock, Ben Men.

Moz. pL Ifunesan. Bafunes,

heifer, pi. Bifunes, Gen. xv.

9 ; xxxii. 15 ; also pi. BesiOa,

Ho.
BifenziO, cloven piece (as of

apple), cloven foot.
Afeqqus (Efkus, Ho.), melon,

HP. 382. So in Syrian

Arabic Taqus.
Ifir, a leaf, a wing, a feather,

pi. Ifriwen, Ifarrawen. So

in Tu. Ifriu. Compare ttc-

raXov aiid irrepov in Greek.
Wafir, the king's yard, HP

238, 339.
Efru, a table-knife, V.
Gufra, red spot in the face.^
Aferdu, a mortar for pounding,

V. See Eyduz.
Gisafert, wild white rose, pi.

Gisafrin.
GefferO, starlight. [Also Gefert,

cover, from verb Iffer.] [Also

GiferaG, arbitration, from

verb Efru.]
Aferias, the mange, HP 403.
Afrag, a fence, area of court,

Gr. (f)pcuyfi6<;. dim. Gaferka,

little garden, orchard. See

Asferik. Perhaps g and k

should be q, as in Heb. and
Arab. Paraq, divide, split.

Ufrik, a ram.

Aferkus, a mountebank, pL
Iferkusen.

Giferles, a swallow, Ho.

Afarnu, brushwood for fire, pi.
Ifuma, HP 55. [grape.

Geferrant, vine of- Sultana

Ifiraqis, murex, irop(f>vpe^
oyster for dye, V.

[Efrur, bean pod?] vc Sefrar,
shell beans.

GafrarO, cream.

Afrasen, pi. rubbish, ** clear-
ings"? HP 183, 376. See
verb Ifres.

Gifersin, radishes, Y.

GiferesG (Tifris, Y.) pear, pi.
Gifiras, HP 346.

Per'pu'pu, butterfly, Y.

Geferax, unripe figs, HP 179.

Afarez, yolk, pi. Ifaraz.

Afus, Ufus, hand, pi. Ifassen,
Ayyafus, right hand.

Iffis, clover [for I£fis, Shilha].

Iffis, hysena, pi. Iffisen, Han.

GifBilO, slice of lean meat, Br.,
Ho., qu. stringy ? Arab.

Gififli, Gifieii, wart, callosity,
pi. -liwin.

Ifattamat, torches, John xviii.
3, but qu. See Asafu.

AfGis, river side, allmiumy pi.
IfBisen, HP 192, 232> 375.

Affis, AfXis, sledge-hammer, pi.
Iffisen, dim. GeffisO, car-
penter's hammer, pi. -sin.

Gafza, sand on mountains, Br.
See Abzu.

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KABAIL N0T7NS, WOT KNOWN TO BE TBRBALS.

G. J.

Agu ? smoke, soot (Aftiy Ghad.

Ahu, Tu.).
•^y"g> * steer, pi, Yugawen.

Gayuga, a pair. Lat. Jugum,

Arab. Zoj, Greek Zugon.
Guga, Guja, herb, forage,

fodder, Uam. Han. >
Ettnji, cauldron, Han.
Aga, (Ben. Men.), but Gega,

(Kab.), artichoke.
Goga, "cover," Ho. (stc) but

qu. covert, i.e, thick vegeta-
tion.
Gagu0, fog.
Gauga, Ge*ukka, worm, pi.

Giwaggawin.
Awa*wij, a jargon, pL Iwa*wi-

jen, HP.
Gawejjaie, cheek, HP 317,

345. Perhaps dim. from

Arab. "Wejh, face. But see

GegjaiG.
Gabit, garden, Moz. "Wadr.

(Arab.Tabet, copse, thicket).
Ajabub, reed, cane, (Moz.

Wadr.) tube, telescope, HP

130.
Ejdi, sand. Ho., (Eab. Moz.

Wadr.)
Agudi, mien, countenance, HP

341. [ForAqadum?]
Agu AU, dunghill, pL IgUAawin.

See Aqabux.
Agdal, (prairie, Br.), meadow,

pL Agdalen.
Ageiif , Agq^if , small bird, pi.

IgiaS> Igfaf ; also AjeieS,

pi. Iju2a£, Moz.

Ajeda*un, colt, pi. Ijda*ayan.
Agadir, escarpement, Han., a

steep slope, pi. Igudar. See

Apadir.
AjaAur, a sorry nag, PP 192.
Egeder, Ejeder, an eagle, pi.

Igudar, Ijudar, dim. Gege-

derO, pi. Gigudar.
GagdurO, earthen cup, pi. Gig-

durin.
IgCAerez, sleet. See Abruri

and Adfel. HP 8 also

Gigerras.
Ageffur, heavy shower.
Ijufar, skirts of petticoat, HP

205.
Agug, horsefly.
Ajagu, Ajaku, faBUgium^ ridge

of roof, HP 328.
Gagejdit, wooden post, pi.

Gigejda. See Gagejji6.
Agugli, Aguglu, cheese, pi,

Igugla, Igugalin, IgugliOen,

dim. Gagugelit.
Agujil, orphan. See TJgil,

AAgal, among the Verbs.
GagejjiO, GawejjiG, wooden

post, pi. Gigejja, Giwejja,

Br.
GegjaiG, cheekbone, pi. Gig-

jain, Br. The hard g is pro-
bably a corruption of w.

This is a Zuave tendency.

See GewejjaiG.
AjaQlum, a tail, Br. See

AjaHnif.
Ijujar, red spots on the skin;

dim. Gijujar, HP 189, 251.
Ajajill, flame, pi. Ijujall.
Ai^JJ^g or Axejjig, flower.

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84

XABAIL K0T7KS, NOT KNOWN TO BE TEBBALS.

Ajafu, rafter, pi. Ijefwa, Br.

But see Ajagu.
Aja(;ed, bowel, Ijefdan.
Ajapf, Ujafif, a jay, pi Ijufaf.
^ajufimO, a guzzle, pL Biju-

fimiu.
AjaQanif, Ajanif, a tail, pL

Ijanaf . [AjaniX, pL IjanaJ.]

Shilha, Ejanajid.
Ajahamum, Ajamum, a certain

bird, Ho., blackbird, Ben.

Men.
TJgla-n, teeth, Br. See TJful.
Agla, Aila, property, one's own.

See verb El.
Tegalit, a mare, Wadr.
Ajal, Ajjal, widower (see Ad-
gal), Bajalt, for Gadgalt,

widow, old woman, HP 224.
Gagilla, oak tan. [Tagilla, Br.]
Ajelwa, bullock (Ajelus), HP

198. Bajlie, a cow, pi.

Bije*ain.
Ajellab, man's gown, HP 116.
Tejilbent, lupin (Arab. Jilban,

peas).
A^JHa, a king, pi. AgalliAcn,

Ugalda, dominion, Gen. i.

Gegulda, royalty, kingdom.
Agelaf, a swarm, pi. Igelfan.
Agellil, poor. See Ajal.
Ajeld, petticoat, HP 432.
Tegellalt, ewer, pitcher, pi.

Tigellaltin.
Gagelalt, a ball or bowl, HP

306. Heb. Galal, he roUed.
Agelim, skin, hide, pi. Igeli-

mun. Ar. Jild.
Agulmlm, a lake, pi. Igulmiam.

(Heb. Mim, water.) dim.

Gagulmimt, apond,|?7. Oigol-
miam.

Aglan, stuff, material, HG 71.
See Agla.

GagluxO, testicle, pi. Bigluzla.

Agelzim, pickaxe,^/. Igelziam.
dim. BegelzimG, hoe, pL
Gigelzimin (pickaxe on one
side, hatchet on the other,
HP 216, qu.Latin Dolabra ?)

Agma, brother (son of mother),
pi. AiGma. Bagmat, brother-
hood? In HP 31, 255, for
brethren. But Bigemma,
families, seems to be the
plural of (Shilha) Tegemmi,
house.

Agemmat, further side of moun-
tain.

Tegemut, rain, Moz, *See Geb-
jut, small torrent.

Gagaim6, muscle of arm.

Egman, self. Ho. for Iman.

Agemmun, knoll, round hill,
pi. Igemmunen, dim. Tigem-
munin, little knolls.

Agmar, horse, /. AgmarO, Ben.
Men. BagmarG, mare, pi.
Gagmarin, Ho. Also Ajmar,
GajmarO, in dialects.

GagemurO, place, Ho. Bather
GapnurG ? See noun Efmcr.

GegmusG, hump on the back.

Ejin, beginning, HP 123. TJr-
jin, never, HP 402 ; not at
all ? ouK apxhv ?

Agenna, air, Ho. ; heaven ;
Ajenu, Moz. fern. Ga^nan,
hearen ; so Han. GigenuG,
HP 46. .Geganu, Ho. pi.

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KABAIL NOUNd, NOT KNOWlT TO BB YEBBALS.

85

Iganawen. The Libyans
habitually say, " The heaven
beats/' for, the rain falls ;
hence Europeans are apt
to identify Bagnau and its
equivalents with Kain ;
perhaps not rightly. The
Arabic Jenna, garden of
Paradise, %,e. heaven ; Dunia,
world; Ela£ira, the other
(world), etc., have been
spread so wide with the re-
ligion, that Agenna, Ajenna,
Axinna, are likely to be only
the Arabic Jenna. The true
Libyan for Heaven, Sky, Air,
may seem doubtful : Asigna,
a cloud; Afu, Aiu, wind;
may be thought of. It is
singular, that when Anyar or
Amyar (rain) is true Libyan,
as well as nearly Arabic and
Hebrew, the Kabail should
corrupt Ar. El hawa, the
air J into Lahwa, rain,

Gegani, dates, Shaw.

eagnit, footstool (?) Mat. v.
35 ; perhaps, rather, resting-
place ; but, a vale. Gen. xiv.
8 ; xviii. 1 ; xi. 2 ; xiii. 10.
So 6ajnit. Br. has Gagnit,
a plaiD, pi. Gigniatin.

Aguni, table land, plateau, HP
228, pi. Igunan. Gagunit,
a floor, area, ground {Js sol,
H.), field of battle. Else-
where Han. seems to me
strangely to misinterpret it
a8 a momentf and an hour^
HP. Gagunit Oefres, a clear

space. Vent, gives (probably
for Shilha) Tefunit, "globe '*
of the earth; rather, perhaps,
areay circle of the eartii. Pos-
sibly Gagnit and Aguni both
come from the verb Gen,
repose, rest, nearly as in
Greek vTrrirj yrj^ terra su-
pina (a flat), and inrrLo^f
supinuSf are related to v7n/09,
sopor, somnus. Indeed Ga-
guni is sleep, repose.

Ajawani, heat of wind, pi.
Ijawanin, Ho. So Hamet
ia Luke xii. 53, only with
C (Tx) for J.

Aj6nowi, sword, pi. Ijenowin,
dim. Gajenowit, cutlas, razor.

AjanU, a tail, pi. Ijanai. See
Ajanafli^.

Agenduz, calf, m.pl. Igendiaz,
/. GagenduzO, pi. Gigendozin.

GeganjuG, a spoon, pi. Gigenja-
win. Ho. But Afenja, H.
Gr. 24.

Ajenjur, purple ^^^ HP.

Agennur, skull, pi. Igennuren.

Oguns, XJkuns, bottom, Del.
Shilha, seems to be the same
word as Waguns, A guns,
HP 158, ground floor, base-
ment, inhabited by a Eabail
family, opposed to Addainin,
the stable.

Gagunsi, root (bottom ?) of cer-
tain trees, HP 309, pi. Gi-
gunsiwin.

Agnes, floor (nearly as Aguns ?)
pi. Igensan.

Tagannus, incisor tooth. Ho. ;

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KABAIL NOUNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE VEKBALS.

87

GegxeriG, knee, pL Gigexrar,

Ham., Teguxerar, HP 314.
Agazu, a bunch, pi. Iguza.
Beguzi, a hole, Br. (a hollow ?)

but GifllG, a hole bored.
Agezzan, a fortune - telling

gipsy, HP 11 (a priest!

Luke V. 14.)
Gigzelt, kidney, pi, Gigezzal.
Egzer, river, oasis, Ho. See

Efzer, and compare Arab.

Jezira ; an oasis being like

an island in the desert.
GagzarS, soup, pi. Gigzarin.

r=^=Gh.

Afi, Ifi, sour milk. (Tu. A£,
milk.)

GafaG (AfaG, Ben Men.), she
goat, pi. Glfattin. But pi
Gefeiawin, HP 309, scurvy,
mangy goats.

Afbub, woodcock, pi. Ifbab.

Efid, Efod, ashes, Ho. ; cf. Tu.
Aqqed, bum ; and Ix!d.

Ifid, a kid, Heb. and Ar , pi.
Ifiden, HP 142.

Efei, night, ■Wadr.=Eha2:, Tu.
=n. If, Kab.

Afadir, a fortification, (glacis ?
slope?) Y. ISee Agadir.]
dim. Gefadirt, a fortress,
castle, V. GafeddarG, a
pocket pistol, pi. Gifeddarin,
Br. l^qtcasif a small defence ?]

Iff, head, end, extremity, top,
pi. Iffawen. Also Efaf and
I£f.

Gafifufe, a cup, HP 442.
AfuggaA, a strip (of leather),

HP 188.
Gifliyin, eggs, Br. V. {sing.

Teglai, Del. Shil.)
Ifill, hrachiumy arm, ell, pi.

Ifallen; also hill, crest of

hill, Han. S ifill, by force,

Br. dim. Gifilt, top of hill,

V. ; village street, HP 299.
Gifallin, mares, HP 341. {See

Tegalit, a mare. Ho. Wadr.)
Uful, front tooth, pi. TJflan,

Br. V. See TJglan.
Afyul, ass, pi. Ifyal, fern.

Gafyalt, pi. Gifyultin.
Tayola, seems to be used by

Haraet (Gen. i. 24, 28) for

cattle generally.
Afalad, town wall (Moz. street.)
Afelaf, Ho., swarm =Agelaf.
Iflel, straw, Efallil, stem, Ho.

(Arab. Talla, crop.)
Gaflilt, jacket, doublet, pi.

Giflilin, Br.
Afelmi, sheep, HP 112; mutton,

HP 267. (Ar. fanem.)
Afilas, panther, pi. Ifilasen.

(Also modern Arabic.)
Gagelif , fig tree, HP 252, 346.
Apeluz en Gamemt, wax, Ho.

(case of honey?). (Tekir,

wax, Shilha?).
Efma, thigh, Ben. Men. Gapma,

d°- Kab., pi. Gagmiwin.
Efmer, side, comer, angle, HP

42, etc. GegemurG, place

(Ho.), perhaps ought to be

GefmurG.
Ufmas, back tooth, dim. Guf-

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88.

KABAIL NOUNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE TEBBAXS.

masO, pi. Gafinas. See TJfuly

Gaganus.
Gafant, jungle, forest, V.( Arab.

Ejma.)
A|;eDJar, the nose, HP 283

(Anjar, B. Sergu, dim. Ga-

fanjure, d*** Br.) See Inzer.
Afenja, a spoon, pL Ifenjawen,

Han Or. 24. See Gagonju9.
GafanjauO, a trowel.
Afanim, bamboo, tube, pi. Ifu-

nam ; dim. Gaftinimt, cane:
Gij;ri6, cudgel.
Aferda, rat (jerboa, Ben. Moz.),

pi. I(;erdayen, cf . Izirda, and

At. JoraA.
Gefirdemt, scorpion, J?/. Gifirde-

mawin, Br. [Ho. and Y.

have g for [.]
Afaref, a grindstone, millstone,

pi. Ifuraf.
GiferfarG, floor, ground, Br.
Afrom, bread, loaf, pi. Af roman,
Afrur, the backbone.
AferOil, large mat, Y., pi.

Ifer6ial.
Aferfes, artery. Ho.
Gaferast, hive, pi. GijTasIn.

See Gegerust. Geferasin,

HP 68, the hives? the

peoples? [but Han. renders

it, "nos coeurs.*']
GefezzuG, river bank (often

flooded), HP 6, 230, pi.

Gigezza.
Afezmar, jawbone, under\9.w*i

chin in Ghad. pi. Ifezmaren.

GefezmarG, pi. Gifezmann,
* eheeh bone ? [niun.

Awafzenio, ogre, pi. Iwafze-

Efzer, small stream in valley,
pi. Ifzeran or Ifzerawen.
Also, pi. Ifezran, ravines,
HP 176. See Amf, evLTgsLy
and Egzer.

H.

Ahiyuiyi, a babe. Ho.

Hala,' source, spring, Ben. Men.

for Gala, Kab.
Ahalu, wet. Ho.
Gaharaut, cudgel, pi. Gihira-

win.
GahariG, pastry. Ho.
Gahairuba, a swing.
Herla, many, Ho. Probably

forKirla. /S^ Killa.
Gahasai0, gourd. Ho. [Taqslt,

Shilha?]
Hif , eye, "Ben. Men., for Gif ,

Haixt, mule, Wadr.
Ehixur, wild herbage, Y. TJhi-
xur, fodder, Gen. xxiv. 24.

IHasb, a fox, Ben. Men. for

Ikasb, £ab.
nabi£tisur, madder, Y.
AUbur, earthen vessel in form

of a truncated cone, pL

IHburen.
AQabruri for Abruri, hail.
AHaAai, lad. GaQaAaiG, lass,

pi. GiAaAayen.
AHaddof, wool on sheep's back,

pi. IHaddofen.
Ailaddor, a pancake, HP 438.

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KABAHi NOUNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE VEEBALS.

89

AfllQa, a song, £r., liunting

cry, Han.
Alluli, he goat, pi. THuliam.
Ilalllal, large lavender, V.
AQallum, ape, pi. IHullani.
inambul, velvety carpet, HP

16.
AQammani, high border of a

flooded river, HP 6.
Allaiqul, male partridge, pi.

inoqal. [Ar. Ilajel.]
AHarbi, cartridge box, Arab. ?
Allured, a flea, E. Men. for

Akured ; pi. Iflurden.
AHarrad, small locust, pi. IHar-

raden.
Allardun, Libyan lizard; so

Arab.
6allarras0, a pistol, pi. Giflar-

rasin, Br., from Ar. Haras,

guard, defend. See Bafed-

darO.
AHarkus, old shoe, pi. Iflarku-

sen, Br. but see Erkes.
AHarqus, painted eyebrows of

woman, pi. Illarqusen.
Biflarxi, sagacity, tact [clever

trickery, Han., savoir faire,

Br. ; politeness. Ho. The

Arab.root means roughness f]*

Words in which the Beni Me-
nasser introdwe H, especially
fork.

Illems, a thumb, for Ikmex.
Iflabor, elbow; Tafemirt, Tu.
Buflaf uf, ant, for Teatuf t.
IQurden, fleas, for Ikurden.
inasb, fox, for Ihasb.

Iflabet, foot,
inf, head, for I£f.
Illarri, ram, for Ikerri.
Ifqaller, tortoise, for Ifker.

At£a (Gefia?) a mote, atom,

Mat. vii. 3.
Ga£abi0, oil cruise,^/. Gi£ubai.
A£edmi, dirk, dagger, pi.

I£edmiyen.
I£f, for Iff, Efaf, head.
A£ej'piqN, a hole. (U£jid, a den,

V.) {see) H. Gr. 32.
A£a£ni, a smoker, HP 398.
SiUa, many, HP 123, 125;

probably for Kirla=Kiralla.
A£ilwan, castor oil shrub, rid-

nus. pi. I£ilwanen,
Ga£lijt, B^abail village, pi. Gi£-

lijin.
A£al£al, fetter, pi. I£al£alen,

dim. Ga£al£alt, anklet, pL

Gi£al£alin.
A£elul, mucus of the nose, HP

183, 433.
Ga£lalt, buckle, clasp, pi.

Gi£lal.
A££am, house, pi. I££amen.

[Ar.£aime, tent.] dim. Ga£-

£amt, pi. Gi££am, a hut,

hovel, tent of hair, cave-

dweUing.
TJ£na, rump, pi. Yu£nan, V.,

dim. Gu£na, pi. Gi£newa.
A£enfux, snout, HP 312.
A£nax, bark, cork, Br.
A£erbux, inferior figs.

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90

ILABAIL NOUNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE VEEBAL8.

Ga£rif , ptirse (wealth, money),

HP 390, 363.
9e£si, ewe, [for Geksi? verb

Iks.]
Kafi, few? HP 126.
I£eeax, iron of spear, HP 214.
A£iz£ax, brains, marrow, V.
A£uxxim, fist, pi, I£uxzimen.
9a£izrant, rod, wand, Br.

K.

Ga^ukka, worm, pi. Gi*ukki-

win. Also Ga*ugga.
GekiG, dew. Ho. Rather Geq-

qie?
Ikasb, a fox.

Akbal, maize, pi. Ikbalen.
Akubri, brimstone, sulphur. Ar.

Kibrit.
GakebbusO, flowerb-ud, pi.

Gikebbusin.
Kebpa, handful ; hilt of sabre,

pi, Kebafi, Br. probably

Arabic.
Akidar, a nag, a hack, a road-
ster, Br., j»/. Ikidaren.
Akidar, a song, pi. Ikidran ?
Akufi, great earthenware bin or

safe, for grain and fruits, pi.

Ikufan, HP 296-6, 433.
Akefrir, anger, HP 237.
Akakal, rook = Arab. Sakra,

Luke viii. 6, al80=Azrar, of

verse 13.
Akal, ground, soil. [In Tu.

landy pi. Ikallen.]
Akli, negro slave, pi. Aklan,

fern. Gaklit.
Gikkelt, a turn 6r time (^w),

pi. Gikkel.

Aklil, thyme, Br.

Gukkimt, fist, pi. Gukkimin.

See A£uxxim.
Akumkom, chin, Ho.
Kan, only (seulement, HP 300).
Iken, twin, fellow, pi. Ikniwen,

fern. Gakena, pi. Gakniwin.
Akentu, perch of a cock, HP

399.
Gakanna, bedstead, Y., hut,

floor over the stable, loft,

HP 168, often used as a

^bedroom.
Akinzar, nose, Duv. See Afen-

jur and Inzar.
Ikerri (Akerrar), ram, /k:/06O9,

pi. Akraren. TakerarQ, a

ewe, HP 310.
Akerrawi, head, Kapa^pl-^^t-

rawen, (Aqerrawi, Ham.

alsojp/. Iqurra, HP 124.)
AkurcA, a flea, pi. IkurAen.
Gekaromt, roof. Ho. /S^YaAui
Akermus, cactus, HP 382.
Akerrux, oak, HP 312, /.

GakerruxG [quere-us?]
Ukerzi, HP 321 "ceinture"

(waist?).
Eksum, flesh (meat), pi, Iksa-

man. [Etsum, "Wadr., Aisum^

Moz. ShU., Isan, Tu.]

Gdksume, cuticle, HP 201.
Aksar, Auksar, lower part.

GauksarG, bottom of slope?

HP 296, 301.
Aketot, a talkative person. Ho.
Gak6unia, quince, Ho. (Lat.

Cydonia.)
Xuxe, fdroace, oven, V., brick-
kiln, Br.

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XABAIL NOUNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE TEKBALS.

91

Gake:$:kulty small wooden bowl,

pL Gikexkulin.
Akxelum, bran, Ho.
Tikxeri, bark of tree, Br. (Ar.

Qaxr.)
Akaxux, head-dress, Han. (from

Akaio, bead, and Ar. Xax,

muslin ?).
Akuwex, baker; (corrupt for

Arab. Kobbaz?).
Akexwa/p, dead wood, pL Ikex-

wa^en.
Akux, wheatworm, cMckseed

(escayolle), V,

. I--

Yal, tuni (?) of a cause in law,

H. Gr. 320.
Allen, eyes, perhaps from Wall,

see. So lyeri, eyes, from

Iyer.
Aila, for Agla, one's own pro-
perty.
Ailu, cushion, Br. — leather-

sack ; pi, II wan.
Awal, an utterance, {vox of

Latin). Hence verb Sawal.
Yelli, lUi, daughter, pi, Issi.
Illi, a sling, pi, lUawen, Y.
tJli, heart, pi, Ulawen.
Ulli, a flock, sheep, Kab. ;

goats in Tu.
6ala, fountain, spring. (Hala,

Ben. Men.), pL Gilawin,

perhaps as Ar. sain, it meant

an Eye. See Allen.
Geli, shade.

eili, sheep, Y.=eefeli, Ghad.
Gawala, fever : (recurring ?

from verb Wal?).

Gulawin, women, (interpreted
little heartSf from TJli, by De
Slane; but the Ghad. Tilta,
a woman, seems a more prob-
able source).

Galaut, leaves of the plane*
tree, winter fodder for cattle,
V. [Tu. Ela, leaf.]

GalowiG, peace, repose, HP 152,
155.

GalaG, a valley, space between
mountains, Br.

GalliG, a time? (properly, a
month?) Gh. Tallit, a
month; also Tu. Tallilt, a
month.

Gelebe, gown, dress, ; Gob of
Arabs, V.

Alu2, mud (Lat. lutum, Ar.
lawaG), ^/. AluSen.

Ildain, pi, foam.

Elaf, Ilef, hog (V. explains by
Ilaluf, as Arabic), pi, Ilfan,
GilefG, sow, pi, GelfaGin.

Ellaffc, mustard. Ho.

GalafG, chagrin, vexation, ph
Gilafa,. See in the Yerbs,
Ujilif. Also Galufb, mStier,
one's craft or trade, Y.

Galefsa, horned viper, pi. Gilef-
siwin.

Alag, trouble, embarrassment.

Gelfa, barley straw, Y.

Elf5m (Alom, Moz.), camel,
pi, Ilapmen (Ho. fern, Gel-
femt, pi, Gilfemin.

Luhi, season, HP 8, 198, 218 ;
also hour of journey, 151,
397, 400 ; and perhaps hour
is as accurate, as ^t^r for &pa.

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92

KABUL NOUNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE TEBBALS.

BilkiOy louse.

Alekkan, carpenter's plane. [So

Adj. and Alekkan, smooth.]
Lalli, mistress, Gen. zvi. 9, 10.

Lalla, d»- HP. [Br.

Ilili, rhododendron, pL Uiuan,
Alim, chaff.

Alom, camel, HIoz. 8u Elfom.
TJlmu, elm, Latin.
GalumO, fine sieve for floor, pi,

Oilumin.
Alemmas, the middle, HP 328,

(In Shilha, Ammas, fiia-ov.)
Alemzi, bachelor, young man,

/em, Galemzi, young woman.

Also Mezzi, little, Kab.

Shilha.
lis, tongue, pi, Bsawen ; dtm.

Bilsit. Arab, and Heb. add

an, dn.
Ills, smoke. Ho. (steam ?) Gal-

lis9, darkness.
EUusi, butter, B. Men. Tills!,

butter, Wadr. So Tu. JSee

tlAi.
GilisG, limit, border, strip, pi,

Gilas, Br.
Gilitsen, gum-thistle, spike-
head, Y.
UleOma, Weltema, daughter of

mother, i,e. sister; pi, Is-

seOma, Gisma6in.
Elwaxel, children. Ho., Ham.
Elzaz, wedge for splitting logs,
' pi, Elzaiz.

M.

Imma, mother, HP.
Imi, mouth, pi, Imawen.
Bum, freshet. Ho., river in

flood. (Perhaps Arab, sum,
swim.)

Gama, side, part, coast, strip
of land ; pi, Gimiwa. Gamak,
thy part, thy duty, Matth.
Ar tama, only (?).

Ammi, Mammi, son.

Omma, bat. Ho. (flying mouse?)

Gimmi, eyebrow, pi, Gimmi-
wen (Ammiwen). Gemmiut,
d- V.

Amemmu, pupil of the eye,
KOfnj, Br. Temenunuxt, d***
Y. perhaps Shil.

Gaumat, heifer, female calf.

Gamau6, care, attention; Er
GamauG, take care, Y. From
verb Imaiya ?

Gawumt, boat.

Madden, men. ImAanen, d^*
HP 161 (Haussa, Mutan,
mortals).

Amadiu, vulture, Br.

GemAa, ffill, deep bed of stream,
Han. pi, GimeAawin. But
(with Ho.) marsh, pi, Gim-
diwa : in Ham. John v. 7, a
pool ; elsewhere, a well-
watered place ; a garden,
Ghad.

Temadet, fresh butter, Hoest.

Gameddi6, evening.

AmaAaf, trees, Mar. viii. 24 ;
forest, Y., Ho. ; brushwood,
HP 279, briars, jungle; pi.
ImaAaf.

ImiAak, '* lentisque," HP 438,
mastic tree.

Amdelt, graveyard, B. Men.;
verbal from Imf al.

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KABAIL KOUNS, NOT KNOWN TO BB TEBBALS.

93

JiLmdun, trough? trench? in
Ham., Luke ii. 16; vi. 39 ;
manger and ditch! ditch, Br.,
ditch or cave, Ho., reservoir,
Han. pL Imdunen, Br.
Yet ImAanen, HP 161, *' les
hommes." See Madden.

Amadun, earthen vessel, Br.

Masadnus, parsley, Br. V.

AmeSlus, restive, HP 402.

Amdar, a foolish man. Ham.,
Luke, but qu. [HP 163 has
Amiiar, of evif omen, from
Arab. Taira.]

Umadru, honour be to, HP 169.

D Amdari, accustomed, Br.

TemeZeras, forests, HP 38, 86,
perhaps thickets, from E£res,
thick.

Imej, ear, Br. dim. 0emji9,jp/.
Gimjiwin, Wadr.

Amaig, cheek, pi. Imuyag, H.
Gr. 34. [Ghad. Temjaz?
perhaps Temyaz.]

Amgu A, branch of tree, HP 337,
349, 355, pi. ImguAen, 368.

Gemeggallae, neck, HP 357.

Amger, sickle, pi. Imgeran.

Imejjer, mallows, HP 314.

Gamguf , peak of mountain, HP
324. [Gamgot, protection,
Ho., a verbfJ?] In Sergu,
Barth gives Tigimxin, pro-
tection.

TimegrafG, chest of horse, front
neck of man. [Emparad, nape
of neck, cervix? See verb
Esgurf . Temrarad, neck, V.,
perhaps Shil.J

GamefafB, small spoon.

Gimplt, tusk of boar, j?/. Gimfi-

lin.
Amfar, elder, chief, pi. Imparen.

Oamfart, dame, lady, pL

GimejTiwin.
Amhaj, mad, Br. (from Ar.

Amahre5, a bushel, tub, Mat.

V. 15.
Am£u£, sucking pig, pi. Im-

£a£; hence, brat, child, Ho.

See Abquq.
Imekli, breakfast, Br. (So at

Ghat, says Freeman.) Heb.

and Ar. Akel, eat.
Amoksi, a steer, pi. Imoksin,

Ho. (Verbal from Iks ?)
Gimiksimin, wild parsnips, Y.
Amalu, sunless slope, Han. ;

shade, shadow, V., pi. Imula.
Umulab, lizard, pi. Imulaben,

HP 344, 179, 209.
Amlagef, forehead. Ho. See

Gawen5a.
Gamella, Gamalli, dove, pi.

Gimelliwin, Ho.
Gamellalt, an egg, pi. Gimella-

lin, Br, . Compare Arab.

Baila.
Gamli£6, sole of shoe, pi.

Gimli£in.
Mel£ail, anemone, V.
Amelal or Xemlal, chrysanthe-
mum, HP 440.
^amllq, robust man, hero, HP

344.
Amleqqeq, the groin, pi. Im-

leqqeqin.
Amalus, scum, dregs; — slime,

Br.)

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94 KABAIL NOUNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE VEBBALS.

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KABAIL NOXTNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE YEEBAIS.

95

HP 430. Imessa'p, d*- pi

Imessa'pen, Br. See Gapna.
ImasAan, bricks, Gen. xi. 3 his.
Emsel, stump of human body,

from hip to foot, Y.
Emsuluj, body, Y. {dead b. ?).
Temsulest (Moz.), street, pi,

Timsulesin.
Amsisker, a cauldron, HP 400.
Ime^i, a tear, pi. Imiq^amen.

(ei'p, eye.)
Ame'pq^u, HP 137 ; — (Amto,

Ho.) a vulgar or masculine

woman.
Ame'pof, B. Men., a woman;

Gama'pf u0, d°- Kab.
Gemi'p, navel, Y.
AmOifq^, possessed of an eye.

Ho.
Gamtunt, leavened paste, Y.
MeGered, pi. MeOared, large flat

dish (apparently Arabic).
Imxellad, clasps ? ** agrafes,*'

HP 191.
Gimexeret, distribution, H. Gr.

316.
Gemxin, figs, Moz., Wadr.
Amxix, cat, pi. Imxax, fern.

GemxixG, pi. Gimxax.
Emmexax, the haunch, hip, pi.

Immexaxen, Br., Y.
ImiGmen, pi. spittle, Y.
Gam'put, GamGut, woman.
Amezzuf, ear, pi. Imezzufen.

See Imej.
Im5in, B. Men. ; Gem5in, Kab.

barley, pi. ? as IrAen.
Am5ur, tress, braid of hair, pi.

Imzaren, Br. Ime5ran, Han.

Amu55ar, HP 43 L

GamesarG, ribbon, HP 371.

Amyar, rain, Wadr. (Heb., Ar.
Ma'par). Anyar, Shil. d"* ;
also HP 49.

Ame55ir, lavender, HP 314.
See Halllal.

Imu5uren, cowdung.

Ame5ru, quill of porcupine, pi.
Ime5ruin.

GamasirG (for GamasifO?) ot-
Kovfiijnj = Arab. Rif, sub-
urban cultivated land. Pro-
bably a verbal from Tu.
Izzef, he dwelt ;=IzAe(; of
Kab. Also in Shilha of Ibra-
him I find Gama5ir0 with r.
GemezeriG, " belle rue," HP
36.

N.

Ann, deep well.
Yiwan, one, fern. TiwaG.
Gunt, a part, pi. Guna. See

Amur, Gama.
Anebdu, summer.
Inebgi, guest [personne que Von

regoit, Y.], pi. Inebgawen.
Anbu£an, soot, Br.
Ginbalin, armlets, Y.
EnAa, frost, Ho. (Nedi, dew,

Arab.)
Ganudda, equals, HP 167.
Aindur, forehead.
EGnafa, dreams ? fancies ? HP

357.
Kefda, a stitch, pi. Nefadi.

These Arahize, but in Ho.

AnefAa, pi, InafAa.
Anagi, Anaji, witness, pi.

Inagan.

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KABUL N0T7NS, NOT KKOWK TO B£ 7EBBALS.

Oanuga, crowbar, pL Ginuga-
win.

Unegal, brave warrior, HP 152.

Anijel, a briar, pL InujeL

Enajjil, blackberry bush, V.

Injan, pi. ? dirt, Br.

Anaggar, last — Gangar(9), end ;
verbals from Enger.

Gingef, tress of hair, pi.
Gineg'pin.

Inifman, dry figs, HP 133, 230.

GanparO, a lot (sors), Br. — Ger
OanfarO, cast the lot.

Enehlel, pain, Ho. but qu.

Genhi5, earthquake, qu.

GankekG, neck. Ho. (Arab.
Hank). See Anqekeb.

Anawel, TJnawel, the kitchen,
V. and Br. under Vedsselle.

GanalS, luncheon, light dinner,
Br.

TenemmarO, perseverance, HP
314 [corrupt from Arab. Is-
temrar ?].

Annar, threshing floor, pi. In-
nurar, dim. GannarG, HP
310.

Genqer, sunrise, HP 162 (with
GafukG, sun, understood, says
Han.). He thus regards it
as a mere variation of Genker,
from Tuar. and Shilha.verb
Enker, which the Kabail cor-
rupts into Ekker. [Genqer
may seem less accurate than
Genker.]

Anyir,TJnyir, (?m.Ganyir, fore-
head, HP 237, 403.

Enisi, hedgehog, pi. Iniswen,
V. HP 278.

Enaf , En/|>, Nif , last preceding,
pi. Nifnin.

Enixt (Lat. instar), a size, a
quantity: Anext, so much.
Ho., as big as, HP 441.

Ganixxa, flint, pi. Ginixxawin.

Inexfi, a bodkin, a punch, pL
Inexfiyen, Br.

Enxema, a shoal (seabank ?)^
Ho.

Inxux, mouth. Wadr.

Gawenya, (a verbal, na) sale,
from Eny.

Gawenza, forehead, pi. Giwen-
zawin. Ho. Br. (2) also
sneezing, Br. So Tewinzi,
Y. Perhaps for Gawenzar,
with r final. See verb Knzar.

An5iA, a hair. Mat. v. pi. In-
zaAcn, crtnes (Amzad, Tu.).

Anezgum, disquietude..

Anzel, a long pole, perch, pL
Inezlen, Br.

Genzilt, thunder, Br. Y.

Anyer, rain, HP 49 ; also in
Shilha. See Amyar.

Inzer, nose, nostril, ;?/.Anzaren,
Han. dim. GenzerO, Ho.,
Tenzer, Wadr. See Afenjur.

Q.

Geq!9, a drop, (dew, Ho.), pi.

Giqqa, Br.
Gaqqa, juniper bushes, HP 362.
Iqayen, dates, V. See Aqain.
Isaqqayen, kernels, Y,
GasaqqaiG, a seed (as of bean),

fruit, a single apple, Br*

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KABAIL NOUNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE TEEBALS.

97

Aqabub or Aqamum, beak of

bird.
Aqbabux, goldsmith.
Aqebqab, sandal wood, ph

Iqebqaben.
Aqbur, temporary hut, pi. Iq-

buran.
Aqabux, dunghill, pL Iqubax.

See AgUAu. GaqabaxO, dung

fork ? pi Oaqubax, HP

214 (but Han. interprets it,

hatchets)^ a rustic weapon of

war.
Giqqad, red spots on the skin

=Ijujar, HP 189.
Aqadura, visage, face, V., ph

Iqudam, HP 269, apparently

Arabic, for UAam Libyan.
Aqadus, a tube, pL Iqadusen.
Aqjun, a cur, pL Iqjan. fem,

Gaqjunt, ph GiqjaGin. See

AiSi, Aqzill.
Aqjemur, dry trunk, pi. Iqje-

muren or Aqejmur, HP 192,

billet, log.
Aqejjar, leg, hind leg, ph Iqej-

jaren. GaqejjirO, dimin. foot

of woman, HP 372.
Aqelmun, cowl, riding cape,

HP 261, 386, 400.
Aqelqul, linnet, ph Iqelqal.
Aqelwax, he-goat, pL Iqel-

waxen.
Aqamum, beak of bird, ph

Iqamumen, Iqumam. See

Aqabub.
Aqammux, mouth, lips, ph

Iqamuxen, dim. GaqemmuxG,

osculum, kiss, HP.
Aqain, berry (of olive, date.

etc.), V. ph Iqayen, espe-
cially dates, etc. dim. Giqa-
yen, pearls.

[Aqunnid, the rump, V. {See
U£na)Shilha?]

GaqandurO, shirt, pi. Giqan-'
diar (of linen or cotton, Br.,
V.) ; (of wooUen, Ho.)

Aqenyal, earthen pot, ph Iqen-
yalen.

Qari, dry land, Luke; (verbal
from Iqqur?) GaqaxG, d***
Gen. i. ij ^pa.

Aqerui, a grain tub, HP 7.

Aqarrui, head. Mat. v. 36, with
k for q, Han.

Aqarum, trunk, stump, KOpfiL ?

Gaqarunt, glass bottle.

Gaqrint, keel (of ship), Lat,
Carina,^/. Giqrinin.

Aqerqur, river bank, river sand,
ph Iqerqaren, Br., strand of
river, HP 91 ;=Ixiqer of
Zuave, says Han.

Aqerqux, unripe fig, HP 414.

Aqarras, trigger, HP 88.

Aqarrax, rood, pole, ph Iqar-
raxen, Br.

Gaqarurt, snuflF-box, Y.

Gaqsul, saucer, ph Oiqsalin.

Aquten, joist, rafter, ph Iqu-
tenin.

Aqeff un, a truss of straw.

Qexx, supelUXf vessels of kit-
chen, Br.

Qexxux, a cork, HP 313.

Aqxix, little boy, babe, ph
Iqxixen, fem. GaqxixG, ph
Giqxixin. ^^

A

"'' A-rit

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08

XABAIL NOITNS, NOT KNOWK TO BE YEEBALS.

Aqaxux, woman's head-dress,
pi. Iquxax, HP 181.

Aqzlll, puppy, pL IqzaH, fern.
OaqziHt, pi. Oiqzilltm.

E.

Iri, neck, Ho. Iriu, my neck,
HP 298 ; also border, margin ,
pi. Iriwen. Both senses are
joined in Tu. Iri, Sergu Er.

Ayynr, moon (Aggur, Zuave ;
Yarell, Heb.), month; pi.
Ayyuran.

Ami, porcupine, pi. Aruin.

Gara, a vine, pi. Giriwa.

GewariO [GawarriO ?], disaster,
HP 35, qu. reverse? See
Wari and Err in the verbs.

Ga*ayer0, earthen cup, pi. Gi*a-
yerin.

Ga*arit, bedstead.

GawwarO, a door, ^/. Gawwara.
[GabburO, Zuave; AugurO,
B. Men.]

Baib, curdled milk (Ar. Bab).

GarbulG, table — dining table-
dresser, ^^. Girbuin.

Arabuz, small bellows, pi.
Irabuzen.

EiraA (Uweirad, HP 278), pi.
lyerden, there rendered the
Lion ; which is Izim in Kab.
Elsewhere Eirad, leopard;
Afilas, panther. But there
is great vacillation as to the
meaning.

ArAif, ''the tomh;' HP 40.

(Han. may have good reason
or so rendering : but it does

not appear. To me the word

seems Arabic ; and that * ' men

in reserve " (for judgment)

means The Bead J
Gardast, a span, HP 304.
*Arf, branch of a tree, pZ.

Turaf, Br.
Irifi, heat. Perhaps Shilha.
Arayuf, the South, Luke xii. 55.
IrafaAan, lambs, John xxi. 15 ;

fatlings. Mat. xxii. 4.
Gerga, a tribe, pL Guwerga,

Ho. But qu.
Garga, a conduit, a gutter of

rain, a rill, pi. Giregwa.

Perhaps from verb Ireg,

issued. [genin.

Ga^urga, ants' nest, pi. Gi^ur-
GirgiG, charcoal, pi. Girgin, Br.

Also Girgin, charcoal, V. and

H. Gr. 267. If from verb

Irfa, g is corrupt for f.
Irgal, eyelash, HP 391, pi

Ergalen, 377.
Arga5, a man, afoot soldier, pi.

Irgasen, ; from verb Ergaz,

march. Compare Ar. Bajol.
Urf, gold, Auraf, yellow. [Heb.

Aur, light, Lat. Aurum.]
Arallwi, miller, fix)m Ax. BaAa,

handmill.
Blllan xelmun, the myrtle, Y.
Arakku, rust? Mat. vi. 19.

But qu.
Garuka, distaff, pi. Girukwi.
GarikO, saddle, pi. Girikwi. So

Tu.
A*arek0i, dough, paste.
Garekunt, steep mountain

slope, pi. Girekinin, HP 223.

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KABAIL NOUNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE VERBALS.

99

Arkas, sandal, Br., Ho. ; old
shoe, Y. ; sandal of oxhide,
with the hair on, Han. pi.
Irkasen. Erkast, shoe, B.
Men. dim, Terkest, a shoe,
Moz. pi. Tirkesin, or rather
with c (tsh) for k.

Terallet, hill, Moz.

Giremt, hour, Uzgen en Oiremt,
half an hour, Ho. So in
Mat. V. 41, Hamet uses it for
an hour^ 8 journey. Elsewhere
it seems to mean a moment.
(HP has Zuhi for an hour.)
pi. Biram. Giremt enni,
** that instant," seems more
urgent than Emir enni.

Ermal, indigent persons, HP
202.

Auren, meal, Ho. coarse meal, V.

Eend, laurustinus, Br. V.

0urin, the spleen, Y.

Geraqil, castagnettes.

GiserqaxO, hiccup, Del. jun.

TJrer, a mountain, Wadr and
lowland Kabail.

Arwuri, elder tree, pi. Irwuri-
0en, H. Gr. 24.

Amarus, snail, pi. Puras.

Terist, a fountain, pi. Terisen,
Moz.

GarwasG, alder tree, Br.

Giyersi, a knot; verbal for
Gakersi ? But V. distin-
guishes Giyersi, as a slip
knot.

Arson, bridle, pi. Irsan, Ho.
Verb Serrem, bridle, Br.

TJrOi, garden, pi. UrOan; Lat.
Hortus.

Errex, child, boy ; Errext, girl,

B. Men.
Arrax, pi. children. Ham., Br.

See Ibrax.
Gerxa, a crag, pi. Gerex. (But

Girax, heaps, HP 214).
Eriax, a wheel, HP 183.
GawarixG, (pot of ?) fresh but-
ter, V. under Pain.
Irri3, knot in a tree. Ho.
Gayerza, tilth, plough-oxen ;

verbal for Gaker3a.
A*urez, heel, pi. Purzan, Br.

GawarziO, ankle. Ho. See

Agurez.
GerzefQ, a small gift, Han.
Arzigen, Warzigen, cricket,

cicada.
GuruazO, elder tree, Br. See

Arwuri.
Erzaz, wasp, Y. Br. pi. Irzazen.

As, Was (rather Ass), day, pi.

Ussan, perhaps for Asl. Assa,

to-day ; for Assad, Ho. Br.
Usu, Isi, Gisi, a bed; verbal

from Issa. AsueO, bed, B.

Men. . IsiO, Gusant, a vale.
Issi, spider,/. Gisist.
Issi, pi. or Yessi, daughters

(«jny. Yelli, llli) ; also Su0,

girls, HP 341.
Wis, masc, Gis,/«»., prefix to

mark Ordinals.
Gasa, the liver, pi. Gisawin.
GasuO, small be.llows, Y. and

Br. [qu. rather Gasuq^, a

verbal ?] see Arabuz.

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100

KABATL NOUNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE VEKBALS.

Asabad, TJsabad, a shoe, Ho.,

but Sebba'p, Br. under Sa-

vate. Is the French the

same word ?
Seibuse, sparrow, Ho.
Asebsi, a pipe^ tube, ink-horn,

ph Isebsiyen, dim, Tasebsit,

pi Tisebsiyen (Shil. ?)
OeseAuan, women, HP 146,

from verb SuAon, kiss.
AseZsu, HP 201, Gesiisut,

HP 357, teeth {sic) : jaw ?
Asafu (Asfawa, Luke ii. 32 ),

a torch, pL Isufa, Br.
Asif, a river, pi, Isaffen.
GesfifO, woman's girdle, Ho. , Br.
Asfel, HP 216, *' a remedy/' a

substance ?
Asfalu, flue, smoke-tube, ph

Isfula.
Asfiri, earthen stewpot, ph Isfi-

riyen, dim, 0asfiri9.
Asefra, literature, pi, Isefran,

Isefra, couplets of verse, HP

75, 217, 226, 266, 340.

Heb. Sefer. Usefru, compo-
sition of verse 75.
Ge^asfurO, thimble, V.
Asferik, a hedge, pi, Isferiag,

Ho. See Afrag, above.
Gisagwa, the people, the folk,

Luke, etc.
GasegluO, theft of an animal,

to eat it.
Esagum, urn, pitcher; verbal

from Igem. [Ho.

Asigna, a cloud, pi, Isegnain,
Isigni, packing needle, V. Gi-

signiG, small needle, pi, Gi-

segniOin, V., Br.

Asger, wood, pi, Isgeran, Ho.
(Heb. and Ar ), but Ay far,
timber, firewood, Br. Asfar
sif (tree of the river), alder,
HP 315.

Asageres, oat-bag, ph Isgerias,
Ho. (Kosebag?)

Asaggas, year, ph Isaggasen.

Isfi, black eagle, ph Isfan.

(Asefu ?) ph Isef wan, buckets,
HP 228.

Asafur, hay, dry fodder, HP
209.

Se£ab, necklace of beads, made
of fragrant paste, HP 350,
415.

Asiiki, wild land. Tasiiki, fal-
low land.

Asakku,^/. Isakkan, or Isukka,
hair sack, aaK/eo^, etc.

Sekal, ** embrasure," V., win-
dow recess ?

Eskum, asparagus, Br.

GiskerO, garlic, Br., leek.

EskurG, partridge (female), B.
Men. GaskurG, Ho., Gasek-
kurG, Han. d"* ph Gaskarin,
Gisekkurin.

Asuksad, colander, Y. Asek-
seon, a sieve, Ho.

Ayal, Ham., only, except ;
ir\r)v of Greek.

Isli, bridegroom, j?^. Islan. Gis-
lit, bride, ph GislaGin. Yet
Gasilt, stewpot, V. and HP
299.

Gasila, a shoe, V., a sandal, Br.
ph Gasilawin.

GaselbaflG, eel, ph GiseballGin.
See Asennur.

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KABAEL NOUNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE TEEBALS.

101

Aslugi; a hound.
Aslam, fish, pi, Iselman.
Iselnan, j[?/.? ashtrees, HP 268.
Aselqem ? pL Iselqan, hoe or

plough, HP 8.
Asalas, top of edifice, pi. Isulas.
Asellas, fog, darkness, HP 35.

©asiUas, darkness.
Aisum, flesh, B. Moz. (for Kab.

Eksum).
GesimuO, arbutus. See Isisnu.
©isemmumt, sorrel. See list of

Verbs.
Gasumta (BasumOa, Ho.), has-
sock for back, pi, Basum-

Gawin.
Asammer, southern (sunny)

slope, pi, Isummar.
Essemmer, rushes, HP 42.
Asiwen, kite (bird), pi, Isi-

wanen [qu. flier alo/t?'\,
Basawint, elevation, hill, pi,

Besuwan, Ho. from verb I wen.
Asennan, thorn, ^^. Isennawen;

Heb. Sinnin.
Asennur, an eel, HP 420.
User, dwarf palm.
User, Usser, old man. SeeYeihs,
Bisri, aff'air, HP 144.
Bassara, a plank (Lat. Asser),

pi, Bissariwin.
Basirt, handmill, millstone,

molar tooth ,pl.&i siar . Isira,

molar tooth, B. Men.
Beserut, key, pi, Besura, Ho.,

HP 65, 314.
Usurif, HP 46.

Asersur, chain; chain of ver-
tebrae? Br. under Vertebre.

Arab. Silsile.

Asurdi, a farthing, pi, Isurdien.
AserAun, a mule, pi, IserAan

e>r-Aian. fern. Baser Aunt, ^^.

BiserAunin.
Aserjun, vine branch, pi, Iser-

jail.
Isisnu, the arbutus, HP 317.
BesiOa, cows, Br. [Tes, cow,

pi, Tesita, Tu.J TesOan,

cows, HP 310.
Asu'pef, a covenant, Ho. and

Gen. Ayu'paf, safe conduct,

Br. a guarantee ?
Basta, a tree, Shaw, Ho. pi,

Bestoa, Ho. Rather with f,
Base^a, a tree,^/ Baseff awin,

Br. Hamet in Gen. i. 12,

seems to distinguish two

forms for Tree and Fruit, but

V. 29 is not consistent.
BistemG, a punch (to make

holes), pi. Bistemin.
SuOesrir, muskets ? HP 238.
Asettur, goat's stable in the

house, HP 431.
Satxem, small shot, Br.

T. B.

AGaia, behold ! voteiy en tibi.
Also for " is," and A9enaia,

Ai0, sons, tribe ; stn^, Ag, son.

BabuG ? holiness (AttabuG,
passim in Ham.), literally,
Fatherhood ?

iGbir, rock pigeon, tame pigeon,
pi. IGbiren.

Tuggi, Ettuggi, Tuji, a caul-
dron.

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XABAIL KOITNS, l!fOT KKOWN TO BB TERBALS.

103

points to Arabic Xi' a thing,

with article repeated, though

in Tuarik Exik is "Tree."

See Ixig, below.
Ixx, horn, pi. Axxiwen ; dim.

Gixxi, pi. Gaxxiwin, HP

321, 253.
Uxxai, greyhound, pi. TJxxa-

yen.
Ixiwi, lap of garment, pocket,

HP 236.
GaxuiO, earthen pot, Ho.
GexubO, fork, pi. Gexub, Ho.
IxebbuSen, pancakes, HP 380.
Gaxxebbakt, rough wallet, pi.

Gikebbakin.
Axeban, green, Ho. (grey?

Arab.)
Axebur, spurs, HP 12, 210

(English word ?). Sabir,

Shilha.
Axberla, shoe of woman, Ho.
AxefaS? pi. IxifeS, HP 95,

sandals of ox-hide with the

hair. See Arkas.
Exxafa, steep rocks, HP 358,

a precipice. Ham., Luke viii.

33 ; an abrupt peak, HP 209.
Axfar, eyelash, pi. Ixfar, Ho.

See Irgal.
Exxefra, bayonet? HP 30, 104.
Ixig, branch of a tree=Ixken-

den, Y. ? pi. Ixkendawin.
Axejig (Ajejig), flower, pi.

Ixejigen.
Xm, wild thyme of desert, HP

350.
Exxoha, reproach, shame, Luke

i. 25, but qu.
Ixki, sweet milk, B. Men.

GaxkimO, mule's bridle, pi.

GixkimOin, Br.
GaxkumO, long wand, rod, pi.

Gixkumin, Br.
GaxkarO, linen bag, pi. Gixka- •

rin.
GixkerO, gap, breach in wall,

notch in knife, Br.; stump

of tooth ; also Gixxert.
Axual, disquiet, discord, HP

197 255
Texilfukt, a pimple, Y. (Shil.?)
Axelhab, an albino, /. Gaxel-

habt, HP.
AxluO, tent, pi. Ixlall.
Ixlem, bark of tree, shell of

tortoise, pi. Ixelman, dim.

GixlemO, scale of snake. See

Aglim.
Axulim, bran=Hilemmin of Y.
Xela|;em, mustaches, HP 439.
Axelllq, rag.

XeluqlO, brackish water, Br.
Axmaj, host of heayen, Gen.

ii. 1.
Axmu£, two-handed jar or urn,

pi. Ixma£(en). dim. Gex-

mu£t, pi. Gixmu£in, jug,

jar.
Xemala, girdle, Ho. Gexemel,

war (Ho.), qu. girding for

battle?
Xemlal, chrysanthemum, HP

440.
fExena, blame, Ho. (Arab.

Xanis, flagitious).
Uxxan, jackal (also wolf), pi.

TJxxanen.
Axennar, a brazier, a store,

HP 94.

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104

KABAIL NOUNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE VEEBALS.

Axenafer, lip, ph Ixenfiren,

HP 432.
XJxaqur, hatchets, HP 104 ; dim.

GaxaqurO, bill, ph 0ixuqar.
Axxer, Ixxer, nail of finger or

toe, pi, Ixxuran, Axxuran.
Axerxur, cascade, ^Z. Ixerxaren

(Arab. Xalxal), fountain, HP

1 55, perhaps a fountain which

plays.
Axeqvpub, side, flank, pi. Ixef-

'puben.
Axfid, rag, Br. pannus, any

cloth, handkerchief, table-
cloth. Axtot, Ho.
Exixau, a capon, Y.
0exuxai, leather caps, Han.
Gixxixt, dung dried for ftiel,

pi. Gixxixin, HP 299.
Axeraqraq, woodpecker, pi.

Ixeraqraqen, Br.

Z (including Heb. ] and >{).

Izi, fly, pi. Izen, dim, Gizit, V.
Giziwit, a bee, pi, Gizizwa. —
Azizwa, bee, B. Men. Giziz-

W10, bee, pi. Gizizwa, Ho.
Gizzi, notch in mountain, high

pass, pi, Gizza, HP 250.

[rather table land ?]
Gezewa, a table, pi, Gezewin,

Ho. but,
Gaziwa, large wooden bowl, pi.

Giziwin, from roundness ? as

na GazTya ?
Izzan, pi, dung, fsBces, Y.
Sazib, a field hut, HP 46.
Izebgan,^/. bracelets, HP 126 ;

also Y, often with mottoes

engraved.
GezcAaiO, a date tree, HP 316.

Tezdait, J?/, Tizdain, Wadr.,

Moz.
EzAiQ, ''fracas,'' not, HP 114.
GizAelan, women, Br. brood-
hens ? See Yerb.
Eyduz, a pestle, a thumper ? Y.
Izga, blood, Ho. (but qu. issue f).

See Yerb.
Gizgi, natural jungle, of trees

of same species, Han. — copse,

pi, Gizagwa.
£azzag, violence ? constraint ?

Si sazzag, by force.
Azegsabur, a redbreast, pi.

Izegsabar.
Ezgaf, copper. Ho.
Azaglu {^evyXrj ?), a yoke, pi.

Izugla. Azugel, pi. Izuge-

lain, Ho.
Azgun, half, middle, a part,

some, but Luke i. 73, a cove-
nant ! quasi, a compromise ?
Azgar, a steer, pi. Izgaren.

[Asageri, ox of burden.

Songhay of Aghades.]
Azagur, back, pi. Izagar ; back

of a beast, dorsum, HP.
GazuggarO, dwarf jujube tree,

HP 310.
GezigraizeO, little shepherdess,

pi. Gizigruyaz.
Ezigzau, lead (metal), Ho.

TazegzauO, the colour green ;

also blue.
Azfal, scorching heat, Mat.,

I4uke. See Yerb.

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IIABAIL NOUNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE TEEBALS.

105

Azafar, TJzafar, a plain, KP

88, etc., 100.
Zu£, ornament, finery (Ze£raf,

Arab.).
Sik, Sikka, quickly (in Tu.

Xik, Hik), so,
Ayikka, the early morning, the

morrow.
Azekka, Azekwa, a tomb, pi,

Izekkawan.
Azikduf, nettle, Y. Azikf uf, Br.
Zekkun, oats.
Azal, sunheat at noon. {^Bee

Azfal.) Ten o'clock, HP

198, midday, HP 237.
Azal, price, Br., Ho.
ITzzal, Wezzal, iron.
Ezwail, baggage cattle, HP 18.
Tezalut, a tree, Moz.
Gazult, Tiohel for painting the

eyes, Y.
Gizelagin, necklaces, HP 415.
Kzlim, onion, pi, Izlimin, Br.Y.
Azelma/p, left side.
Ama5la^, poor, passtm in NT.

Ham. Perhaps from Arab.

Ze\f, nudity.
Izim, a lion, pi, Izmawen.
Azumbey, pine. See GaiAa.

Azimba or Azumba, fruit of

Conifers, HP 311.
Zamel, horse, Wadr.
Zeman, time. Perhaps a mere

importation from Arabic : but

the word is also Hebrew;

and Emir does not seem to

be used of long duration.
Izimer, Azemar, sucking lamb,

pi, Izemeren.
TJzemhir, big paunch, HP 314.

Azemmur, grafted olive trees,

pi. Izemmuren.
Zun, Zund, in Shil. and Tu.

shape, likeness. In Kab.

only ** Am zun," ad instar.
Zen, oak, HP 268, but heech in

Arabic.
Azenbus, citron, Br.
Ezenez, raindrop, pi, Izenezan,

Ho.
Azeqqa, house, B. Men. (also

village, Duv.). Gazeqqa,

stone house, HP 72 (wail,

Ghad.), pL Gizeqqawen.
Azeqqur, chopping block, pi,

Izuqqeran from verb Iqqur ?
Eazer, looze (sic). Ho.
TJzer, old man, Wadr. See

Yusser among the Yerbs.
Azar, root, vein, nerve (stock,

souche, HP 309), pi, Izuran.

Compare Ar. Ayl).
Ayru, TJyru, stone, rock, (Heb.

Sur), pi, lyra, dim, GayeruO,

HP 360, 374.
Azri, debtor. Ho., but qu.
£azri, a servant. Ham., passim

in Evang. But probably it

is Arabic for a youth, as V.

writes it SaAri.
Gazara, collar of partridge, HP

341, 344.
Gazar0,^^«A fig, Ham., Luke ;

yet dry fig in Br. and Han.

pi, Gezerin. Strangely like to
GezwerG, pi. Gizurin, grapes,

Ho., pi, Gezaurin, Shaw.
GezairG, vine, pi, Gezuyar, Han.
Giziri, moonlight. ((Biyri, na

power of sight.)

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106

XABAIL NOTJNS, NOT KNOWN TO BE TEEBALS.

Tewazri, cloak, Luke, but qu.
IzirAi, small rat, ^/.IzirAawen.

See Verb.
Azeraf, ditch, trench, Ho.
Azarif, alum, HP 321.
Azerg, street, pi, Izergin, Ho.
Zarj with French j, skin bags,

Luke.
Azurkeqvpi^ blackbird, jp/. Izur-

keqvplf.
Azarem, a serpent,^/. Izerman.
Zarura, sloe tree, Br. [but Sorb

apple and White Thorn in V.]
GizerzerO, gazellCi Han.

Izarzuren, starlings, Y.
Azta, honeycomb. Ho.
Zastut, a monkey, pL Zastin, Y.
ZasSer, the herb savory, Br.;

Zasfer, green mint, Y.
Ayazif , cock, pL lyuz5/p.

Bayazi'p, hen, pi. 0iyuzaq».
Giyef , sweetness. See Sli in

the Yerbs.
Azitta, woollen or silk cloth, Y.
Azof u'p, woodpigeon, pl.Izu^B/^.
Azezzu, thorny broom, cassia

tree.
Izuzar, fringes, HP 361.

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107

SHILHA VERBS AIS^D YEEBALS.

[Delaporte, Yenture de Paradis
and Sidi Ibrahim chiefly fur-
nish the words.]

Awwi, bring thou, aor, Iwwi,
pr. Ittawi.

B.

Ibbi, he lopt, cut off (the bead).

Ibda, he halted, remained mo-
tionless.

Iblu, he divided, parted, vp,
EmbeXun, they were divided.

Ibder, he recounted, memoravit
[Kab. meminit], Heb. De-
bar ? — Addaren for Abdaren,
Ibr.

D.

Adu,

Yuda, he folded (linen).

a fold.
Idda, he went, pL Addan, pr.

pL Iddawin ?
Iduf, he ruled, arranged ?
IdaHi? BaHin, they cast out,

drove out.
Ufar, he followed,
nia, it grew dark, black, Heb.

SaU?
Iddul, he taught. Arab. Doll,

he pointed out ?
Adordur, deaf, Y.

Idar, he lived ? This is implied

by GamaddurO, life.
Edraf, relieve the bowels, Y.
Idas, na sleep. (Kab. Iq^as.)
Har, he came down, it befell.

(Kab. Ifra.) Ar iteSar, jam

cadit (nix).

F.

Fi, pr. over=Af, Taf of Kab.
It seems to belong to v^rb
IMfpr.fem. Ar tiffi, elle s'eUve
Del., as though Ifi meant
came up, came above,

Yuf, it is better.

Yufa, he found.

Fau? {obsolete roof, light, (^009),
vc Yesfau, it emits light.

Iffuf, he came out, Fufan d,
they went out, pr, Iteffuf,
But Yefaf, his (back) is
curved, Y.

Ifif, it flew, pr. Addifif, na
Tufift.

Fejut, brightness, clearness.

Fak, give thou. Ifka, Ikka,
he gave ; Tefkit, dedisti,
l^ekka, dedimus ; Attekkam,
dabitis. Yet Ar ak tikf (as
in Tu. not Tifk) tibi dabit.

Ifuk, he repelled, Del.

Ifll, he quitted. [A cardinal
verb of Shilha, that is Tu.,

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108

SHILHA TEEBS AND VEBBALS.

not Kab.] TJr filan, they
left not.

Tefulki, Yefuinal, it was bril-
liant, day broke.

Ifsi, vn it melted.

Fist, be silent ! na Ifisti, silence.

Iff u, vn it broke up, dispersed
itself, pr, Ifeqvpu. (Ar. Fott,
crumble. Heb.Patet, break.)

Iftu, he set off, departed
pL Afbin ; pr, Ar ifta, pL
Ar fetun; subf. Arra yeftu,
proficiscatur, Ibr. p. 7, 1. 2
(Haussa Fitto),

Ifzef?, it was wet, pr. JSezzeg
(Kab. Ibzeg).

G. J.

Iga, va Gin, they made, placed,
Ibr. p. 38. But in general
this verb is neuter (Fio, not
Facio) in Shilha. pc, Igan,
being, Winna yegan, 6 &Vy
he who is; EUi yeganin,
oi ivre^y they who are : the
last shows a^^wrflf^ participle.
Ad gan, they are.

Tawuga, he denied, refused.

Ijbad, he hauled, towed; pr,
Itijbad ; Ibr. p. 25. (Ar.

JCACb ?)

Ijder, it has burnt, va Del.
Agugam, dumb, Del. (Kab.

Asaggun.)
Iguf, it is far off, distant.
Igellin, Tinhappy, unfortunate,
y egulla, va he hung up, hanged,

Ibr.
Galbat, vn return ye. Galban d,

they went back, Ibr.

Iglaf ? pi, Galfan, desunt, are

wanting? Ibr.
Igem, he drew water.
Gummar or Gummaz {perhaps

z), catch (fish).
Ijujad, it was ready at hand.

Perhaps Arab. Wejad.
Junjim-an, they escaped, Ibr.

p. 8, 1. 10.
Iger {passive), was cast. Ma

yeger fellaf, c^^qmAjactum

sit in nos.
Yegawer, he sat still, Ibr. [qu.

Yefawer ?].
Yugger ne, exceeds, is greater

than.
Yeggut, vn was abundant,

pc, Yegguten, multus. Ye

ra iggut, f iet multus.
Igayas? vc Isgayas, he wounded,

pr, Adisigas.
Iggur, is filled or full, Ibr.

p. 21 (Kab. Itxur).
Yuggiz, he got down, dis-
mounted, pc, Igguzen, pr,

Ituggiz, na TJguz, descent.

EUi igguzen, 6 KarajScti:, he

who dismounted.

vc Izugiz, he caused to dis^
mount.

Uf, knead thou, Yufa, he

kneaded.
Yufi, he took {sumsit). See

Yawwi, he brought, and

Yimza, he took {cepit),
Ifli, he fell. IfH, feU as, fell

upon him, attacked him ;

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SHILHA VERBS AND VERBALS.

109

Ifli wass, the day fell, i.e.

evening approached, Ibr. p.

32. So in V. under Soleil,

Tefukt tafli, the sun went

down. In Ibr. men are always

said to fall into a ship, for, to

get on board.
Pin, Tan, lie down, recline,

sleep (Gran, of Kab.), aor,

Ye[an, pr. ItSL^n ?
A fnau, dumb, V. See Agugam .
Ifra, he read, ve Isu[ra, he

caused to read,
rawer, sit down, V. Nafpur,

we sat down.
Ifarsa, he slaughtered, cut the

throat.
I[zif, long, pc. Ifzifen. (Kab.

Agzif, broad).
Ifzam, he cut off, cut asunder.

(Arab. Jezem.) I[zim wass,

midday. Ifzim iX, midnight.

Compare Kab. Azgan, half.

H. n.

Illdar, he narrated ; for IhAar

of Kab. and probably Arab.

he gossipped, chatted.
Illargat, it burnt up, va Arab.

Ilaraq. Purer Libyan is

Yirfa.
Hindu, vn bound, leap up, Y.

A^bex, scratch, Kab. Akmex.,
I£xan, Itxan, was evil, base,

hideous. Perhaps only Arab.

Saxan, rough.

Ikka, he went, (time) passed.

pr, Ar itikka.
Ikiu, (linen) was dried.
Ikrez, he ploughed. Heb.

Ilerex, Arab. IlereG.
Ikuqil, he drove away.
Iks, he fed (cattle).
Ikkes, he teire, rent, rent open,

rent away, pL Kessiu.
Yeksud, he feared.
Ikkat, he beats, pr. from Iwat,
Ikxem, he entered.
Kutuf ? vc Yes kutuf, has stung.

L.

Yuli, he went up. Yuli wass,

it is full day.
Ilia, (he) existed.
Iwellan, pc. belonging to,

TTpOd'qKODV.

nia, he wept ? na Tela, wailing ;

fut. pe. Ar allan, Jleturw,

(vc) Isilla, he caused to weep.

Ma k isiUan ? quid te fiere-

faciens ?
• Ilusa, he talked ? Lusan, they

talked, Ibr. (Heb. and Arab.

Lafa).
Ilha, it is handsome, good.

koXjov ; pe. Ilhan. Telha, she

is pretty.
Ilkem, it has arrived.
Ilsa, it covers, envelops, Del.
Yelas, it is daylight, day

dawns, Del.
Yules, he repeated, recounted,

pr. I tales.

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110

SHILHA YERBS AND YEBBALS.

M.

Mudi, taste thou, aw, Yumdi.
Emdil, slap, smack, Y.
Yemidel, he buried, na Tam-

dilt. (AmaZal, humu^^
Mell, denote, tell. Mellif, in-

dicavi.
Imigger, Imagger, he met ; pi.

Ammiggeren, pr, Itemigger,

1st ^7. Entemigger.
Mun, vn assemble, with pronom.

dy Immun d, convenit. vc

Ismun, va he convoked, he

brought together, he gathered

(figs).

Imyar, he was wont, accus-
tomed. — This perhaps is the
root of Gamurt, country ; for
Shaw gives as Showiah (low-
land Kabail) Gamurtai, thou
hast dwelt.

Muqal and Semukal are Kab.
So in Shilha, Semuqlat, look
ye around. See Irra.

Immaf ? pi, Ammafan, they
fought, Ibr. Perhaps for
Am-nafan, v, recipr, from
Kab. Enf, kiU, or l^uf, fight.
See Infa, below.

Mosso ? vn move, pr, Itmosso,
Ar itmosso. vc Yesemmus, he
moved (something).

Imezzi, (he is) little, young.
Mezzin, little.

Immut, he is dead. Elli im-
muten, o v€Kpb^, he who is
dead.

Iraza, he took, captured, vp
Yumiz, it was captured.

Ini, say thou; aor. Inna, pr.
Itinin, Ar tinin, they say.
pass. pc. Elli muttinin, that
which ib called.

Inay, he rode (Kab. Inig). Wva
iyesen, they rode on horses,
Ibr. Amnai, a rider.

Ennid, turn thou, Y. {of. Kab.
End, vn and InSa, HP).

Nef, behind. Hence perhaps
the verb Senfi (hide, va Y.),
conde, abde ? and Senfu, re-
pose thyself, Y.

Infal, it ceased, — dropped ?
(Beb. Nafal, fell), Aiu ar
yeniffid, le vent quitte, cesse,
Del.

Engafuru, last, ultimuSf pi. En-
gafura (Kab. Aneggar).

Infa, he killed. Amenp, war.

Infal, black, Y.

Inker, he arose, vc Isenker.

Inru, he conquered in battle ;
N'inra, vicimuSy Ibr.

Ins, he rested, passed the
night.

Inxef, he is insane, Y.

Iqqal, vn he returned, he re-
peated {did again).

Qinn, tie, gird (my horse),^*.^.
saddle him, Y.

Qan ini, shut the mouth, Y.,
i.e. fasten ? Iqqan, he tied,
fastened ?

Iqqar, he declared, avowed.

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SHILHA TSBBS AND TEBBALS.

Ill

Yeqram, lie rooted up, from

Kopfily as in Arab.
Iqra, he read, from Arab. pr.

Ar yaqqar.

R.

Ira (for Irha), he wished, wishes.
Ira yesuS, vult flare, it is
about to blow, pr, Ittiri.

Yura, he wrote, pi. Aran. ITri,
write thou, pc, Iruan, writer.
vp lyara, it is written.

Irra, va he turned back, gave
back. Arra semuqal, turn
(thy) gaze, cast a glance.
Am-as-ad, they sent back to
him, Ibr. vn Yewarri, he
came back. Ettiwarrit, redeas,
ITr ad tiwarri, {sic) non redit.

[Arran, progeny] pi. Terwan,
young children.

Irwa, {va Kab. it satisfied). — ^It
satisfies — i.e. All right ! (in-
terjection).

Irgeg, he shivered, ^r.Itergigi,
na Tergagait.

Yuraf, he dreamed, na Tewarfit,
a dream, V.

Irfa, va it burnt, vn Terfi, ardet
(ignis).

Irkan, pc. dirty, as in Tu.

Irwel, he fled, pi. Arwalan.

Irma, it ran down ? Terme-k
tidi, sweat runs down thee, V.

Irur, was restored? Ibr. See
Err.

Iman, pc. more numerous ; pi.
Irnanin, Y. [Kab. Emu,
add].

Erxel, " marie- toi," Y. from
Arab. Rajol, a man. So Mari-
ta/re in Latin ; inravBpeia iu
Modem Greek, said of both

Irzem, he opened, revealed, Y.,
laid open, broke open, Ibr.
Erzem imi, open the mouth.

Irrez, he broke, va.

8.

Yasi, he carried ? Yasin, pc.
Ak yasin, teportans (Tale of
Saby).

Iswa, he drank, na Ittisi.

Yesuwa yanaf, it has laid hold
of us, Del.

Sidaun, ** sit down" (but qu.).
Bather, a comma is impro-
perly added, and Fawer si-
daun, means, sit beside, Y.

Isud-ad, he climbed (into his
boat or on to his horse), Ibr.
pr. Tesudun f iyesen, they
mount on horses, Ibr. En-
suda, we ride (on woman's
neck), poem on Spikenard.
Also Isuda (sweat), runs
down, Del.

Isufled, he overheard, De Slane,
Ibr.

Isegel, "il cherche," Y.

Issa[, he bought.

Iseflef, (the dog) barked, Y. (g
in Kab.)

Isek, he soaked, Y.

Iskar [Kab. he made] — ^he did,
Ibr.

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112

SHILHA TEBB8 AND TEBBAL8.

Iskur, he folded, creased. Is-

kuT, a crease.
Yesekkus, he rested motionless,

Ibr., pr, Itsukkuyis. Tesek-

kusim, requiescatis.
Iskun, he indicated, as Kab.

Ibr.
Sul, moreover, more, yet. Isul,

as yet, not yet. As verb,

pr, Yutisul, he surpasses,

exceeds, Ibr.
Esmati, carry off, aor, Yesmuti ;

\8t sing, 8emuta[.
Isnu, he dressed (food), pi,

Sennan ; pr, Isenna, Isniinen ;

mbj. Ax sanwan. Ibr. (Com-
pare Ina, vc Isinna of Tuar.)
Senfi, hide, Y. See Nef.
Senfu, repose thyself, V. under

Pen. So Ghad. ?
Isaqsa, he inquired.
Iser, he came suddenly upon.
Israf, Isarf, he sent, Ar israf,

mittat, Ibr.
Iserkes, he hid (Rene Basset).
Isersu, resedit (navis in portu),

Ibr. p. 23. Compare Kab.

Ires, also Arab. Rasiy moor,

cast anchor.
Isutul, versatus est? Ibr. p. 19.

beat, struck, pr.
Ennitx, (that)

Yawat, he

Ikkat.
Itxa, he ate.

we may eat.
Aq^iyun, they repulsed? Ibr.
Tayifen, they have caught, V.

(Eq^faf, Kab.)

X =

U-.

Axet, come ye ! for Axket ?

Axki-d, approach me here ;
Exqad, approach ; Yuxka-d,
he approached. AlsoYexki-t.
pi, Uxkan-d ; N'uxka-d, pr.
Ad uxkan, they approach ;
may approach. [This verb
seems to supersede Kab.
Yusa-d, he came up. We
here see the tense mark Ad
for Kab. A a. In Del. it is
generally Ar even for the
strict present.] Also pr,
Ittaxka. Manif ittaxka ?
whence comes it? Further,
Uxqaden, they are come ; as
if d were radical. So 2nd pi,
Texqadam.

Ixatta, he eats.=Itetta. See
Itxa.

Z and tS (distinguished in Del.
not in Ibr.).

Ziy-en, they disputed ; 1st pi.

Nezey, na Tazeit.
Uzze-n, vp they were sur-
rounded. See Kab.
lyai, it was heavy, Del. So Kab.
lyde (Del. Saby), Iddiy, V. he

pounded, crushed.
Yezid, he advanced? Y. Ad

ezzaid-e[, I advance, Del.

Compare EzzaG, of Kab.
Izdaf, he dwelt, pi, Ezda^an,

pr, Itzedaf, Ibr. 29.
Yeydar, he was able»Izmar of

Kab.

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SHILHA VERBS AND VEEBAL8.

113

ly gar, lie went across (a river),
Ibr. as Kab. and I'u.

Azzigzen, Ibr. p. 44, flowing
(waters). But see Iggur, it
is full, which may rouse
a suspicion that the word
should be Azz-igguren.

Zif, deceive, V. (sponge Upon ?).

Oazja, is rendered " eternal,"
fern, by Del.

Tayla, na course, running.

Tuyyumt, the middle (the
half?), a common word.
[Tu. lyun, he divided,]

Izen, he remitted, despatched,
frequent in Ibr. ^/. Azzan

for Azzanen, Attuzen for

Attuzenen. Yet Ittuzen,

remittitur. The root in Kab.

is given in HP with » radical.
Izinjer, is moistened, V. under

" Pain."
Izri, it is past, Del. (Izri aSu).

Compare Izga of Kab.
Izwar (perhaps lywsir), as in

Kab. was first, went in front,

excelled, was prime, began.

Amazwar, first ; also, prime

in quality,
lyra, he saw, as in Kab.
Izerrifin, pleasant, agreeable.
Izeny, he sold, as Kab.

N.B. — "Spikenard" means a MS. poem, "Controversy of
Spikenard and Henna," sent to me by Monsieur D'Avezac.

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114

SHILHA NOUNS.

Vowels.

Tu, son, Yui, my son, Yus, his
son. (This Yu is Au of Tu.
also Ag.)

Tuwayya, a negress.

B.

Baha, Iba, father.

Abiba, mosquito.

Abudrar, mountaineer, pi. Ibu-

draran, from Arab. Abu, in

its idiomatic use.
Abu deqarunt, humpbacked

man.
Bufufa, wild potato, V.
BafTir, honeycake.
Ibki, small monkey. TJbku,

bandy legged, Y.
[eaba£sie, Kab.] fresh fig, pi

Tiba^sisin.
Belllar, lion.
Abluaz, mud,
Abuqat, one-eyed man.
Tabrat, a letter, a despatch

(African Arab. Golius).
Subru (for Ubru ?), clothes,

dress, vesture.
Berwar, an iris (flower).
Burebu, caterpillar, silkworm ?
Iberdan, furrow, Y. (ways,
' paths, Kab.)

Berdafiul, owl, Y.

Burfibe, a pear, Y.

Baruri, hail.

Tebururt, globular dung.

Berxeman, embroidery.

Besbus, the herb fennel.

Bisar, stew of grain and meat,

Y. [Bizar, Kab. herbs, pulse.]
Tabuxt, female breast.
Bixna, large white millet.
Tebuxixt, any forest tree, pi.

Tibuxixin.
Ibizzan, urine.
Abzun, a cowrie.
Abaziz, force, violence.

D. L.

TJdi, ghee, melted butter.
Dadda, uncle (Spiken.).
Diut, wild, of the wilderness, Y.
A5u, Waiu, wind.
YtX, night, pi. WaSan ; but

£i£, Ibr. his.
AlaS, finger, ^/. ISuSan. [Kab.

Afad.]
Alif, marrow. [Kab. AAif.]

Songhay of Aghades, Aduf.
Adfel, snow. /S^^Xanu.
Hegam? Id(;an, yesternight.
Ad[;a[, flint, Y.
Adfar, place, Del. Y. (Tuar.

Edeg, Edej.)

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SHILHA NOUNS.

115

Adfur, leech, pi, Idfuren.
Aiil, WaSil, grape, pi. liillan.
Edalit, a sprig. AdallaJd, a

fruit (unknown).
Idallalen, pi, sides of the female

neck (Spiken.).
TJdam, the cheek, face, pi.

Udemawen.
TJdmen, kinsfolk, V. (Compare
' Idammin, hlood).
Aduqal, a slipper. Also a

cobbler, V.
Tedert, a region. Arab. Bar,

dwelling ?).
Taidurt, prayer-rug.
ASar, foot, pi, Haren.
MaSraba, large mattress.
Adrar, Wadrar, mountain.
Edrus, a little, qu. Edru-s, a

lit^e of it f
Adis, U<Us, side.

F.

Tifaut, light.

Ifidiwen, murrain in cattle.

Efifar, serpent, pi. Ififaren.

Tefmi, flesh meat.

Aifki, milk (=Akfai).

Tefukt, the sun.

Eeliu, watermint.

Ifelli, flat roof.

Ifulan, ^?. ? thread.

Afullus, a cock [Lat. pullus],
male fowl, pi. IfuUasen ; Te-
fuUust, a hen, pi. TifuUasin.

Tefluf, a leek.

Tifenza, cloven hoof.

Ferjennis, cork.

Ifru£., a boy (Arab, chick).

Tafru^t, a girl.

Teferrant, vine of Sultana grape.

Ti^raqist, crab.

Tifris, a pear.

Tiflrsin, radishes.

Farsade, felt.

Tifa^iujin, sparks.

Teftil, a cutlet.

Tefza, sand.

G. J.

Ijwi, mud, De Slane.

Atig, a price, Ibr. p. 25.

Agaio, head (=Akai).

Tagut, fog.

Tuggut, a certain small coin ?

Tejabubt, charge of powder.

Ijesabub, intestine, pi. -buben.

Tejisabubt, navel.

Tejbukt, ring, seal='Tezbekt.

Ijeddigen, flowers.

Agag, Wagag, thunder, pi.

Wagagen.
Ijijid, the mange.
Ejllud, small ass, pi. IjHidan.
Ijka, rafter.

1'eglai, egg, Del. See Teflai.
Tegillabet, woollen gown of

Moors.
Tejilbunt, lupin, of pea tribe

(Arab. Jilban).
TJgallid, king.
Tejlest, curdled milk.
Teg^m, house, Tegammi, Te-

(imrai, d*** (compare Kab. A£.-

£am), pi. Togamma, Tegam-

man.
Ajur en tegemmi, flat top of

house.

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116

SHILHA NOUNS.

Tegmeirt, sofa, V.

Tejemert, a mare, pL Tigeme-

rin, V.
Igenna, heaven, sky.
Ejanajid, tail £Kab. Ajaflanif.]
Teggirt, turnip, Y.
Tijenent, a vine.
TJgerram, a saint, pL Igurra-

men (from Arab. Karam,

honour ?)
Tegerdumt, scorpion.
Tigerfa, rook.
Tegirtit, sofa, couch, Y.
Tigxirirt, bottom of spindle.

Also, ankle, Y. [knee, Kab.]

A[u, sour milk.

AffTi (sic) soot.

I [id, cinders, ashes.

Afdal, prairie.

Afudir, a fort, a glacis.

Affei, milk. See Aifki. Tu.

Akafayen.
Afufar, heavy shower, Y.
Tefijda, a joist, Y.
Tefijdet, column, pL Ti[ijda.
Afujil, orphan.
A^ufli, white cheese.
Afiul, ass, pi, Ifial.
Teflai, egg, pL Tifliyin.
riwel, adv, quick ! V.
AfuUal, oysters.
Afelaf, a swarm.
Afalim, skin, hide.
A[;mar, a horse.
Tufmas, back tooth.
Tefinja, a drum.
Tefunit, globe of earth, Y.

rather flat circle, area ?).

TJfri, a compact.
YifTan, cultivated fields.
TJfarda, a rat. Arab. JoraA.
Afurad, tick, louse.
Tafurfet, larder or safe (Arab.

Tarfa, upper chamber).
Aferlid, spear.
Afarjun, throat, swallow.
Ti[urmin, logs for fire, Gr.

KOpfll,

Afrom, bread.

Fefarfart, floor, Y.

Afaiim, town.

rarnunex, cress, watercress.

Tafrart, baggage.

Afaras, road (specially Shil-
hine).

Aferis, ice.

Tafursa, ploughshare.

Tefurest, honeycomb, pL Tifu-
rasin.

Tefirtit, mat-bed.

Afurxal, bran.

A[urez, heel and flat of foot
(Kab. with g or *).

Taftiusa, a thing.

Agusim, walnut, colour of wal-
nut juice. Tagusimt, hazel-
nut. Ar. Joz.

Afusmar, gums.

Faxfux, bust, upper part of
body.

Afazu, bunch, pL Ifuza.

Tafzin, afternoon.

Ifezaren, " coteaux," slopes ?

H. n.

Hiyaden, musical instrument.
Tehudixt, pegtop.
Allajaju, a flame, Y.

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SHILHA NOUNS.

117

Aflajamum, blackbird.
Tellayalt, maiden.
nalHal, lavender.
Hilemmin, bran.
Aflarbubu, large lizard.
EHezau^ lad. TeJdazaut, lass.

K.

I£f, bead, top, beginning, end.

IRfis, clover.

TJ£jid, bole, den.

Ta£niffc, rougb woollen cloak,

striped cloak.
I£8 (for E[as), bone, pi, IRsan.
A£u8i, blanket, cloak ; woollen

coverlet.
A£ix£ax, brains.
Akai, bead= Agaio ; pi, Ikuyan.
Toka, Takiut, worm, Y.
Takat, family, pi, Tiketin.
Tekwit, a cougb.
Akbel, maize.
Akud, time, Del. (Possibly

for Arab. Waqt).
Ikfil, squill, wild onion ?
Akiker, cbickpea, German pea,

Lat. Cicer.
Akal, eartb, dust.
Akilwax,be goat,pl, Ikil waxen.
Teklilt, sillabub.
Kemmia„ cimetar.
Takenna, elevated bed, Y.

(sleeping loft, HP).
Kenari ? or Akunazi ? (some

fruit).
Okons, Ogons, the bottom, Del.
Ker, a bit (of bread).
Ikirl, lead (metal).

Tekir, wax. Gr. Krjpd<:. Lat.

Cera.
Akarab, boats. Gr. Kapd^ui,
Akurd, a flea.

Tekerkas,Ikergas, trickery, Del.
Tikir5a, an acre (Kab. verb

Ikras).
Ukwas, baker. (Corrupt for

Arab. Robbas ?)
Eksum, flesh, skin=Aisum.
Kuxe, furnace, oven, Y.
Ikxuden, pi, firewood.

Wal, turn or time,/>w. Kerat
wal, tre8 vices , Ibr. p. 33
[Kab. Walla, to recur ; also
Gallit, vicis?].

Awal paroUy vox ; an utter-
ance, as Eab.

Talat, valley.

WuUi, flock.

Eilu, soft skin, fur; pi, Ilwin.

Tiyilwin, skin bags, from ga-
zelle or roebuck.

Elbad, garment, Y.

Libraq, gander: letter Ebrak.
The L is the Arabic article.

Elfix, folk, common people.
(Kab. Elfaxi).

Elafit, fire; in Ghad. Afa,
which African Arabic bor-
rowed.

Likirfa, filbert.

Hem, skin. See Afalim.

Telament, turban of silk [Arab.
Sumama ?].

Limarux, shovel.

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118

SHILHA N0I7NS.

Hindi, a year ago. Belli ilindi,
beyond two years.

Tiyilwan, bag for fruit.

Telintit, lentil. Lat. Lentes.

Laqurt, lucerne (grass).

EUes, dinner, («V Y.).

Tillas, pi, shades, darkness.

Luslus, a stammerer.

Elsus, sparte, material for cor-
dage and mats.

M.

Aman, pL water.

Temawat, heifer, female calf.

Amaun, KN.E.

TJmda, a marsh. GemAa, Kab.

Mudden, men, Y.

Temudit, fresh butter, Hoest.,

Del. See IJdi.
Amdukkul, Mend, pi. Imduk-

kalen, Ibr.
Emdar, door-bar.
Timduest, broom for sweeping.
Majlr, mallows.
Timgeraz, harvest time.
Imufal, widower ; Temu(tJt,

widow, Y.
Timufaren, by chance, Y. From

Imugger, it met ?
Amfar, a chief, pi. Imfaren.
Tamfwi, dame, lady, pi. Tim-

[arin.
Temfara, banquet (not of wed-
ding only).
Imfumin, chieftains, nobles.

Inmaqquren, senators? Ibr.

p. 34. See Maqum.
Em[arad, cervix? dim. Tem-

farad, neck, pi. Timfardin.

MafUTfur, frog, toad.
Amaddar, young man (Saby).
Tem£.iflt, china dish.
Imtk, a little, Y., paullun,

parum.
Imkili, breakfast, dinner, Y.

(common meal ?)
Imuktub, pocket, Y.
Amalu, shade, shadow.
Imellul,/. Mellulet, white,
Milsa, carpenter's plane.
Temummuxt, eye-ball, Y.
Maufala, a watch, horologe.
Minfajuflan, snail.
Ettamnant, money. Or. fiva,

Ibr. p. 17.
Amaqyas, bracelet,^/. Imuqya-

sen.
Maqum, eldest,^/. Imaqquren?

Temqurt, lady.
-Amur, epilepsy?
Temera, fatigue (Saby, Del.)

Is temera, by force, in spite

of, Y. qu. effort?
Amarlr, a song.
Mardaqux, marjoram.
Murran, wild boar.
Amerzo, S. wind.
Ammas, middle, from fiiaop ?
Timis, fire.

Timissubbada, scorpion, Y.
Temsad, thigh.
Meskun, swooning, Y.
Mux, cat (Kab. Emxix).
Imxaxen, haunches.
Tamzin, pi. ? barley.
Imizlan, workers in iron, Ibr.

— from Wezzal.
Temazirt, country, territory,

for Temazift, pi. Tamizar.

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SHILHA NOUNS.

119

Amazir, cowdung (Spiken.), pi,

Imuzuren,
Amzuf, bald-headed. (Kab.

Amself , poor, stxipt.)
Temuzut, silverling, Y.

Wanu, deep well.

Tini, dates (Gegani, Showiah.)

Teni, this year.

Ennaiit, tempest, Del. (Arab.

(Nau?)
Tunin, gum Arabic.
Tanaut, ship, Gr. vav,
Enbin, stable.
Inebfi, guest (V. not host), ph

Inebfawen.
Keden, another^ pL Nednin.

[withS?]
AnfeX, camion, Ibr. (Arab.

Nefea? Puff puff?)
Nefsa, midwife.
Iniga, Anafi? witness, index,

inventory.
[Enijjel, blackberry bush (Kab.)

OP Enaijel, V.]
Tangert, rust.
Nekel, matter, pus,
Tanepilt, copper kettle.
Ennukla, any fruit tree. (Hence

Arab. Nuqla, dessert?) dim,

pi, Tinuklin.
Tankast, poll tax taken from

Jews, Ibr.
Anwal, fire place, stove (Kab.

Anawel, kitchen).
Anemsir, a sheepskin.
Numixa, heath.
Naqarat, silver (Arab. ?)

Tennawert, a spindle.
InzaH, nectarine? medlar?
Anyar, rain, Del. Heb. Ar.

Mafar.
Tewinzi, sneezing, V., perhaps

for Tewinzer. See Kab.

Enzer, among Verbs.

Q.

Wiq, a week, V., qu. English

word?
Weqqa, a pip, grain, hailstone.
Iqayen, berries, dates.
Isaqayen, kernels.
Tauqlt, ounce, ^^. Tuqqin(Arab

fioqqa ?)
Taqbilt, tribe. (Arab. Qablla.)
Taqdit, velvety carpet.
Aqunnid, rump. (Kab. TJ£na.)
Aqran, mackerel.
Oi-qur, frog, toad. See Mafar-

fur.
Tiqaret, a kick.
Taqsit, a gourd.
Qasabat, Ibr., evidently a castle,

citadel; but in Arabic a

Hamlet.
Taqatsunt, a sheaf.

R.

Ayyur,'moon, month, pi, Ay-

yuran, Uwayyuran.
Uraun, pi, what two hands can

hold.
Tarbut, earthen dish, pL Tir-

butin.
Eired, leopard, pi. lyerdan.
Tarafiqt, caravan, from Ar.

Raflq, comrade.

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120

SHTLHA NOUNS.

Tergafet, d**- probably corrup-
tion of the same ; as Barth's
Terekeft.

Irifi, heat.

Wergele, a boot.

Argaz, man, Del., Ibr.

Wir[, gold-dust.

Tirka, the plague. See Irka,
it was foul.

Terkem, turnip, V.

Terkerzit, woollen turban.

Terkest, prop to a plant.

Irumi, a Christian {Roman),

Aram, a camel, pi, Iraman, V.,
Ibr., cf. Elfom and Alom.
Ibr. indeed has for pi, Irpa-
man, implying that Aram is
a corruption of Arfam.

Buwina, fried barleycake.

Araqqas, courier, pi, Iraqqa-
sen.

Asrur, for Kab. Afrur, back-
bone ; hence Tu. Aruri, and
Ghad. Akurem.

Asaris, fireplace.

Ursel, hysena, pi, TJrselin.

Werti, garden (Lat. Hortus),
pi. "Wertian, V.

Ass, day. T ass ellif, in die
in quo— Asf an, yesterday.
Asr an, dans ce jour, Del.
[Ass appears to be a soften-
ing of Asl; in Sergu Axel,
and Asr corrupt for Asl. Asf,
in Ghad. means full day. De
Slane also gives Axef for
Day.]

Tissi, bed ; from verb Issa.

Taseit, cotton or linen shirt.

TJwIs, Ais, a horse, pi, lyesen.
Ya wiyis, one horse.

Sibt ( Ar. sibf ?) race, stock of
horse ?

Sebnit, silk handkerchief.

Sabir, spur, — (English word ?)
— Kab. Axeber.

TJsTd, ostrich.

Seidi, emerald.

Asfad, to-day. Asfan, yester-
day. See Ass, above.

Usafu, flame (Saby); torch,
Kab.

Asiff, Wasiff, river, pi. Isaffan.

Esfai, horse shoe.

Tesgan — read Tezgan.

Asuggas, year, pi. Isaggas.

Asafum, pitcher.

Esafun, rope, cable.

Asafar, pestle.

Weskif, stable, qu. Arab, shed ?

Asaku, country (wild land ?)

Sekal, port hole.

Askumbek, white asparagus.

Suksu, pilau, mush (cooked
grain), cuscusu.

IsU, bridegroom, Teslit, bride;
also Di[ tislit, in the stew-
pot.

AsilHam, cloak of black wool.

Tisem, Tismi, small needle.

TJsemmii, cold {frigus).

Asamk, Asmif, a slave, pi.
Isamken, Ismugan, Isamfen.

Simaf, ink.

Tesemmumt, sorrel.

Tesint, salt (from Latin Sel?).

Senger, millet? Ibr." p. 17.

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SHILHA NOUNS.

121

Tesinsilt, a necklace (Ar. Sil-
Bile, chain).

Tisiqist, a scorpion's dart [Kab.
Iqqes, he pricked.]

Sarblk, silken sash.

Sarjas, a window, Y.

Sarime, halter.

Serenbak, sea-mnssels.

Asesnu, arbutus.

Osutin, (Saby) ata/vi? genera-
tions, according to Rene Bas-
set.

T. ^.

Tata, chamaeleon.

Tetibban, trowsers.

Tabiq, armpit, pi, Tawabiq

(Arab in form).
Tuf falin, ants.
Tuga, herb, grass.
Tafar, front tooth, Y. (Kab.

Gafanus).
Taharfirfe, geranium.
Tetewikt, nut tree.
Tammina, grain cooked with

honey and butter.
Taitut, bagpipes.

X.

Wex, light. Wex en tefukt,

light of sun, Y.
Tuxi, sunset, the West.
"Wexfu, a mast.
Axebbub, lock of hair, Y.
Tixxulad, skin bag for fruits.
Tixilfuqt, tumor, pimple.
XilafTim, mustache.

Axlim, bran, Del. (Kab. Akxe-

lum).
Texullef , panpipe ?
Xanu, snow; sleet?
Waxnaf, mustard (plant).
Axruf, grotto, cavern.
Tixirt, garlic. (GiskerO, Kab.)

Izzu, flint, ph Izzan. [Perhaps

lyyu, flint, for Ayru.] (also

dung! Y.)
Azawat, hot poisonous wind, Y.
Ayuzen, semouline.
Zebbuj, olive tree.
Tezbekt, for Tezbegt, a seal, a

ring. See Kab. Izebgan, and

Tu. Ezbeg.
lyuzad, cock. See Afullus.
Izlfu, thistle, Y.
Azgen, Del., half. Tezgant,

side, half.
Azafu nennai, bat (animal).
Azfar, bull, pi, Izfaran.
Ayikka, to-morrow. Sella ayik-

ka, beyond to-morrow.
Eziker, rope of hemp or horse-
hair.
Azal, hair of head, Y. (Gh.

Azau).
Azal, about 9 o'clock a.m.

(midway between sunrise

and noon), Y.
Wezzil, iron (Heb. Barzil).
Tauzelt, dagger.
Azafil, yoke, pi, Izufila.
Tezleft, wooden bowl.
Tezligt, collar of gold.
Tazlamet, left side.

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122

8HILHA NOUNS.

Tuzzumt, half, middle, for Tuy-

yunt, from Tu. lyun, he

divided.
Tezmaqalt, small mirror.
Azemmar, olives. 8ee Zebbuj.

Tizimrin, olive trees.
Tuzint, clematis.
Muzun, coin of about 3 sous,
Tizzemn, girls, for Timzenln,

Ibr.
Tiznint, island, Y.
Ezenzu, ivy.
Izenzaren, rays, beams.

Tazuqi, sparrow.

Zaqal, hot. Aman zaqalit, hot

water. Arab. Sa£n.
Ayru, stone, rock, pi. lyran.
Tiziri, the moon.
Zerudin, carrot.
Tezermunit, small lizard.
Tezurin, fresh grapes, V.
Tezwamen, noon, Y.
Zarur, (sloe ?) sorb apple, white

thorn, Y.
Tezerzeit, smallpox.
Izizen« flames.

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123

GLEANINGS FROM GHADAMSI.

Ghadamsi substitutes s for f. Gr&berg de Hemso constantly
begins feminine nouns with 6, while Ben Musa, a native, always
gives T. Grb. means Gr&berg de Hemso. B. Mus. means Ben
Musa. Han. means Hanoteau.

Vowels and £.

Ayyi, come thou.
Tu, son. Yus, his son.
6isaty Grb. Taisat, she goat,
eiwl, what ? why ? Grb. Wa,

this, also -Uy this, after a

noun,
lyi, to for.

B.

Bibawan (Ibawan ?), beans,

Grb.
Aba dador, bat (animal).
Abad, carry.

Abid, cut off (Bl, Shilha).
T-abi-d, comest thou, Grb.
AbiX, breast, front.
Tabdukt, cotton (Haussa).
Abjeraz, thief.

Yeb£al, lazy. [Ar. stingy.]
Ibekkaden, sins(Lat. peccata r).
Abebmaj, bile.
Abrid, road.

Abarid, bull ; Tabarit, cow.
Abaral, young man, as Tu.

(Tabara/f, young woman?).
Tabrait, staff.

D.

Di, what? (also Ti, what?)

See Din.
TJdi, oil, ghee.
TJda, faU. (YuX, Tu.)
Adda, below, Grb.
Idu, now.
Iduwa, instantly.
AIu, wind.
AiJi, -Ki, dog.
Wudat, fem. Tudat, this, pL

"Waidet, these.
Adablr, pigeon (Kab. lObir).
Bad, father.
Did, with.

Audad, mouflon (wild sheep).
Dudan, fingers.
Yeddan, ilhid.
Yedadanha, these, ceux-ci.
Adif, hide thou, Grb.
Idfit, aor. ? pres. Itedfit, he

Tadeft, wool. Goddemt, Grb.

Deffer, behind.

Adifar, mist. cold.

Tadeffot (Tadevvot), ring.

Edfas, gown.

Daj, house. Dij, with, Grb.

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124

GLEAKINOS FEOM GHADAMSI.

Adkar, fill up (Kab. Etxur).

Perhaps rather Etkar, Grb.

So Yetekar, rich.
Adalis, lip.

Dillain, yesterday, Grb.
Awadim, £rieiid, Grb.
Din, where?
Adan, rend, Grb.
Aden, cover thou.
TuSan, he was sick.
Alar, foot.
Idar, he lived.
Idurar, mountains.
Tadrit, wild pigeon.
Aderaf, white man, Grb. {rather

free man ?).
Idrafa, money — (Idrama?).
Adran, overturn, Grb.
I2as, he laughed.
Tidest (Gedist, Grb. belly;

side?).
Adsen, protect.

F.

£af, upon, for Taf.

Afl, mouth (Heb. Fe; Arab.

Fah).
Afii, smoke (Tu. Aha).
Yufu, proud.

Tef. milk (=Aifki, Shilha).
Ufai,Aufa,Afa,fire [Tu.Hght].
Tufet, the Sun.
Afu, find, Grb. [Kab. Af.]
A^s, take (==Kab. Af, Awaf).
Fad, thirst. Afud, be thirsty.
XJfed, knee, Grb. (SoBh.inTu.)
Efai, Eyai, night (Tu. EhaJ),

IfkSu, to-night, Grb.
Tefdanin, toes.

Ifadd, swear, Grb.

Afdad, halt («=Ebdad, Kab.).

Aiif, breasts.

Ifel, he quitted (Tu. Shil.)

Ennifel, let us depart.
Gefeli, sheep, Grb.
FoM, onions.

Afina, fruit, dates, ^J. Finawen.
Aina, Afenna, Efenfan, sunset.
Afunas, bull. Tefiinast, cow.
Afur, lion. Tafort, lione88(=

Ahur).
Effer, (Afr. Grb.) shut (the

door) — Alitor, turn? (=Kab.

Err). See Err, below. Ta-

furt, the door (=Kab. Taw-

wurt).
Afriu, fetch, Grb.
Ifri, he loved; imper, Afro,

Grb.(=Irhi). Di tefrid, quid

vis?
XJfus, hand.

Fist, be silent, pr, Itafist.
Yefiflker, he set free, divorced.
Afbad, seek, Grb.
Yeftok, he demanded =c-*^.
Taj^set, Oafa53at, large knife.
Afa5an, porridge, firmity.

G.

^yagad, heat, Grb. /S^Yaqqad.
Gadus, hour.
Yeggei, it flew.
Agal, wait, Grb.
Tagelzimt, Tagerzimt, hatchet.
Agrag, blue (Ar. azraq).
Aggas, measure (Ar. Qls?)-
Egez, descend (Kab. Ijuz). See
Yejjcz.

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GLEANINGS FBOH GHASAHSI.

125

Aj, do tbou ; Itaj, he does.
Aji, allow, let, aor, Yeji (Kab.

Edj).
Tuji, Gewaji, bread (Etxu,

eat).
Jedai, early morning.
Wei] id, Aujid, man [male ?].

Tewajit, girl, daughter [fe-
male ?].
AjedlS, bird {See Teggei),
Ejaj, launder.
Jewajan, make water.
Jejaq, laden.

Tijaizimt, hatchet; so with g.
Ojam, heart, Grb.
Ejjam, pitcher.
Ajmar, horse, /^w. Tejmart.
Tajamrut, corner ? See Gafam-

rut.
Ajan, half (=A5gan, Kab.).
Ajenna, heaven, sky (Ar. ?).
Ajnau, slave (Ajennau, Grb.),

/. Tajnaut (Tajennaut, Grb.).
Ejun, fill, Grb. (Tu. Egiun, be

satiated).
Ajur, he goat,/. Tajurt, Grb.
Ajurir, kitchen, Grb.
Ijrat, an occasion ?
Enjerifu, the last ?
Tajertlk, prayer rug.
Jarasa, between.
Tajerist, winter.
Jasir, bad (Ar. bold).
Tajutam, trunk,^ root.
Yejjez, he alighted, imp. Wajiz.

^ee Egez.
Jezzel, low, mean (short ?). See

Ye fez.

r.

Efaid, kid.
Aifef, head.
TafUfan, stone, Grb. (Kab.

Adfaf).
Afill, arm.
Gapna, thigh.
Tufinas, cutting tooth (? hack

tooth ?). See Shilha.
Gafumt, nape of neck. See

Gakuremt, of which it seems

a corruption.
Gafamrut, comer, Grb.
Tafnimt, reed, pen.
Afras, kill, Grb. (butcher?).
Afast, bone.
Fusmar, chin, beard (Kab. Afez-

mar, underjaw).
Yefez, low. See "Egez.

H.

Aildam, deceive ? (Grb. under

Bull and Lion).
Yuilal, he is weary. AuHala,

tired.
Ahum, army.
YaHsed, he sported, joked.
Yellkam, he took, Grb. (held ?).

Ki, who ? who. Eski, in whom.
Teki, wax, Grb. (Tekir, V.

Shilha?).
Ak, smell thou. Yetek, he

smells, na Enteki (!).
Ak, any, not any — ^not (!).
Ekt (Iktu, Grb.), a little.

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126

GLEANINOS FBOM OHADAKSI.

Aklt, how much? somewhat.

Akit wawa ? how much is

this here ?
TekkeJ, IggeX, it flew.
Aukads, cut, Grh. (Tu. Iftes).
Yekfa, he gave, Akfiyi, give me.
Kefis, belonging to.
Akif, observe ! (garde !), Etkif,

stores.
Akal, soil, mould, dust.
Xlul, care thou. Tekulad, thou

troublest thyself.
Yekma, it burnt (Ilamm of

Heb. and Ar.). [Tu. it

pained, afficted.]
Yekanas, he disputed, quar-
relled, na Ekennas, feud,

war.
Yekker, he arose, pr. Yitekker

(as Kab.).
Ekri, return thou, Grb. repent.

na Kerai, conversion. Yakri

d, he turned himself about.

(Compare Arab. Kerr.)
Yetekar, rich. See Adkar,

fill.
Tekard, paper (xaprl).
Akurem, the broad of the back.

Akrurjd"*- (Richardson), dim,

Tekuremt, Tekremt, neck.
Kara3, plump.
Akus, heat.
Eksum, flesh.
Kuskusu, pilau, porridge.
Akeskes, a dart.
Yeksat, he feared.
Yekiz, he climbed up (!). See

Egez.
Katwlda, here.
Yuktidan, since. (Perhaps for

Waqt (Ar.) idan, "time
that " : as in Shilha, Akud,
time : then Idan=Enni of
£ab. ; rather ex qtto,)

L.

Awal, an utterance.

Awel (Aval, Grb.), eye.

EUiy, bring thou (Tu. Elwi).

Yella, ready.

Tallit, a month (Tu. Tallilt)

(Eab. GuUit, a time).
Lalli, mistress (as Kab.).
Elbal, without (French sans).
Yelafa, he attacked.
Telafsa, serpent, pL -awin.
Elfru, eat (munch ?).
Lajallirb, cattle, Grb.
Yellef, he licked up (Heb. Ar.).
Lakuk, wicked.
Hem, skin ; Illem, leather, Grb.
Ulama, TJwalam, chaff.
TJlema (for TJletma), sister, Grb.
Elum (Allum, Grb.), camel, pL

Illumen.
EUem for Ezlem, look ! see !
Ilmi3, he swallowed (as Tu.).
Lemam, salt butter, Grb.
GelHwIn, dwelling.
Iturahuj, sing, Grb.
Elis, tongue,
lias, skin, Grb. (sheepskin

cloak f) Temelset, clothing.

Telset, mist.
Telta woman {pi, Gulawin?).
Lefud, cool, fresh.
Lag, hunger.
ElzizTn, lead ( ■» Reyay of Ar. ?).

But see Ezzlzin.

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GLSANINOd FBOH GEABAMSI.

127

M.

Ma, what ?

Imi, Im, mouth.

Imma, mother.

Tamiwin, eyebrows.

Temmasan, they come out (from
Imp, it sprouted ?),

Temda, kitchen garden hem
vrrigutMy pi. Temdawin (dis-
placed in Kab. by Arab.
Gabnire).

Imaden, covering, veil, Grb.
Erom Aden.

Emdan, all (they are finished).

Meddin, empty.

Gamduart, leprosy, Grb.

Amaj, paint, Grb.

Emjar, praise. {See Maqar.)

Amjar, harvest.

Temjaz, cheek, qu. Temyaz?

Am£aruf, mad.

Imlk, how? (Kab. Amak).

Imiklfan, angels, qu. watchers ?
iS^ Akif.

Amellal, white.

Temallelt,sand. (Gimellat,Grb.)

Tamiwelt,B.Musa, 7r6/)t;^a)/>09.
Mat. iii. circuit.

Amam, sweet. Tamemt, honey.

Aman, water.

Maqar, great.

Mer, repay.

Muit, market town.

Gamurt, land, earth.

Taodert, beard.

Amasri, noon.

Tiwamar5in, locusts.

Timsi, fever [fever heat ?].

Ammas, middle.

Amisi, supper (for Amensi).

Masfl, dirty (Ar. WasaR?).

Immet, he died.

Metid, little, young, /. Metit,

pi, Metltln.
Matkan, a fig.
Amtin, within ?
Amazgal, a gold weight.
Amzif, a sheikh (NB.).
Am5um, a friend, fellow ?
Ama5war, first (as Kab.).

N.

En, Ne, of.

An (Ann), a well.

Anwa? who?

Yanu, winnowing shovel, Mat. 3.

Iwan, he went up, mounted,

Ennawen, the alofb, upper

region.
Innai, rub.
Inna, he said.
Wanet, that one, ille, /. Tanet,

iUa, pi. Wainet, illi.
Anus, Grb. kill, Enni-t, kill him.
Tinet, full.
Ed2, last (ultimus, proximus).

EnX efa£, yesternight.
Tenaddet, evening (Temeddet ?)
Tenaddem, he slumbered, pr.

Yetindam.
Enfad, B. Mus. Anefdu, Han.

summer.
Anefji, guest (Kab. Anebgi).
Yet-anefred, it is wonderM.
Infran, eyebrow : o(^pw.
Ennig, above.
Gengaz, leap, Grb.
Enhab, catch (Ar. plunder).
Ennij, up, aloft.

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128

GLEAJ^^INGS FEOM GHAIXAMSI.

Yenajjem, pottiit, Yetenajjim,

potest.
Enakads (?), bum, Grb.
EnkaS, disperse, va.
Eneli, millet (as Tu.).
Genali, v/aiHl,
Nalan (?), pen.
Enar, forehead, Yanar, Grb.

face.
Neraj, rising ground, Grb.
Enarar, barn floor.
Wanas, brass, Heb. Arab. Neflas.
Tuniset, key.
Nitu, this thing.
Nitta, brother, Grb.
Entef, be sad.
NetaH, thread.
EnOadama, breech, Grb.
Enza, the end.
Tenzit (Ginzert, Grb.), the

nose.
An5ar, rain (so Shil.Kab.).

Qatib, sword.

Yaqqad, it burns, is hot. Ar.

Waqad.
Yeqqer, he avowed, cried aloud.
Qjm, sit down, pr. Yetqim.
Aqan, tie, bind.

R.

Ari, star, pL Iren, Grb.

Err, shut, Grb., see Eflfer.

TJr, open, Grb.

Ara, untie.

Yerwa, he hindered (satiated!).

Teran, offspring, pL Teriwin.

Auyor, month.

Isra, he shaved, but more cor-
rectly Asran, d**- Grb. — Efren
of Ghat. Tu.

Terwit, gruel.

Irid, it is washed.

vc Yeslred, he washed.

Irdan, pL wheat.

TJref, waraf, write.

Gergest, Terkest, shoe.

Erwel, flee, na Areggel.

A raj, stone, pi, Irajan.

Uraf, gold. Araf, green, Grb.

Garikt, saddle, Grb.

Arwama (Arrawma), child of
one's mother, Grb. Arumua,
(Kichardson) brother.

Termet, maize porridge.

Ermes, hold fast. [Tu.

Emi, Ema, win, Grb.=lnra,

Arnaf, more, add (Kab. Emu.)

Erxel, marry, Grb.

Yemuras (the heaven), was
opened, Mat. iii. (was cleft?)

S.

Yesi, why? S, by, with.

Awas, go thou.

Iswa, he drank, pr, Yesas.

A Bid, state? world?

Sidu, Sidid, still, as yet — Not

yet.
Tesadalt, egg,
Sedmen, when.

Sednakaya, spider, Z(^nakaya?
Safa, sky, parasol, Grb.
Asef, Azof, day. Asfii, to-day,

Grb.
Esuf, river.

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GLEANINGS FROM GHADAMSI.

129

Asef, twine, bend, fold, Grb.
Etsef, sobbing (Aj. Te^assef ?).

See Ezaf.
Sifaf, kindle, Grb.
Sufas, spit, Grb. (Susaf, Kab.)
Ishaf, Ixaf ? beware, Grb.
Aspr, living tree.
Aseggas, Asufas, year.
Asku, if.
Asakis, negro.
Eskar, make.
Yeskar, already.
Ayyal, Azal, morning.
Sel, Asil, hear, listen, Grb.
Asia, bridegroom.
Isilef, streets.
Selil, pasture ground, Grb. (flat

ground? Tu.).
Selila, call out. Islil, he called.
Selsafl. (m'^j), I swept, Grb.
Isem, ear. Arab, Semas ?
Esmaji, talk.
Semmem, sour.
Siman, Latin num; asks a

question.
Semsid (Sem5id ?), sharpen on

grindstone.
Issen, he knew.
Asinn, tooth, pi, sinna, senin.
Isan, flesh meat.
Sen, cook thou, aor. Yesni (so

in Shilha, Isnu). Compare

Tu. Isenna, vc from. Inna.
Tisinit, salt.
Senfa, walk, Grb.
Esnifu, rest (V. Senfu, Shilha ?)
Esnet (?), speak falsely.
Esqas, adj, cold (frigidus).
Sara, from, Grb.
Ausar, old (Kab. TJssar, etc.)

Esfur, from (a person).
Esuras, put: {yc from Kab.

Ires).
Taseria, lock of hair.
Israfan, ways, roads.
Tusersert, chain (Ar. Selsele).
Yesas, conservavit (Ar. Sasas ?)

[Fr. Ghat. Yoses, he assured]
Astu, listen.
Saf af, black, Tu. Kab.
Esetnefes, needle.
Sesten, inquire, consult.
Yusta3, he withheld himself.
Yusa5, he rested, vn Mat. iii.

T. T.

Ati, fern, this, Ti, what ?
Ait, sons, tribe.
Giwi, what ? why ?
Gitwat, beat thou (so).
Attewi, Et0i, forget, Grb.
Yetet, he eats. See Etxu.
Tef , eye.

Etef, TJtef, enter, Grb.
Afef, catch, take (as Kab.).
Af far, follow (as Kab.).
Etefrejnet, throat.
Yetkel, sustulttf Grb. as Tu.
Etqal, he hoped, Grb.
Yetler, he asked (=E0er, Kab.

Ader, Shil.
Gutter, humble (?), Grb.
Tets, evening.
Yefq^as, he rested (slept ?),

pr. Yeteq^as. Afas, sleep,

Grb.
Etxu, eat thou, pr. Yetet, Ye-

tex, Grb. Etuxu, food.
f Atax, he lay down, Grb.

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130

GLEANINGS FBOM GHADAHSI.

X.

Axed, cinder, Han. (Ixtd, Bh.).

Ixad, grey : color cineretcs ?

Axef, herbs (Ar. £uxb ?).

Axfai, milk. See Ak.

Ixaf (?), beware. Ar. Xuf, see !

Axek, horn.

Xakum, a fork (Ar. Xakk,

thorn).
Axkar, nail of the hand, pi,

Ixkara.
Axlid, Axellid, a king.
Waxxin, a wolf.
Yaxqad, is at hand.

Azau, hair.

Tazut, mirror.

Azid, flour.

Izld, he cured, Grb. (Tu.

lyyi, Kab. Ijji).
Azii, ass, pL Iziia, fern, Tezl-

iet ; Gezlf , Grb.
Azid, hitter, keen (sweet I Tu )
Azdln, whence ?
Yazaf, naked.

Ezaf, weep (Ar. *asef).
XJzzifan, long, ample (robe),

Grb.
Zafuf, smoke.
Ezjem, lie awake.
Zejaret, Zajrat, long, tall.
Ayika, Ayekka, to-morrow.
Gezaka, Tizeqqa, a wall.
Wezel, iron.

Azal, lengthen, Grh. (shorten ?).
Ayyel, run, pr. Itayyel.
Ezlem, look ! Yezlem, he saw.
Ezmam, kiss, Grb.
Azumer, young ram, /. Tezu-

mert.
Ezan, divide, share (Tu.).
Azinkal, gazelle.
Eznay, sell (Ez-eny).
Zeqas, red.
Tezeqqa, a wall.
Zur, Zewar, rough, clumsy.
Tezir, Tezira, moon.
Azret, before (from Zar, Za war ?)
Izzaren, bams.
Amazwar, first.
Azit, a cock, Tazit, hen.
Yeziz, he travelled.
Ezzizin, lead.

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131

TUAEIK VERBS AND VERBALS.

Pr. means Stankope Freeman ; Bh. or B. means Barth ; Han.
or H. means Hanoteau. Barth's consonants are often indistinct,
and his syntax obscure.

Vowel Hoots.

Eiyi, Eiyu, let, leave, permit ;
aor, Yuya (Yoya, Fr.), pr.
Italy, Itye, Fr. na Teyaut.
Oyaf, I leave, let, B. 95.

"Wi, be born. Yuya (Yua,
H. 141), he was bom. Wuef,
I was bom. Wif, d°- Au,
son=Ag, Ig, al8o=Yu of
Shilha; also Au, daughter,
Han. Auadem, sonof Adam,
i.e. human being, pi. Ait,
sons, tribe =^^1 of Arabs.

Ay, Ei, male, pi. Ayen, Eien.

Awi, bring, bear, Auyo, B. 95,
Awid, bring hither, affdr, of
Latin ; aor. Yawe, pe. I wiyen,
pr. Itiwi, but Wauef, I bring,
B. 95 (Fr. aor. Yeway, pr.
Itiway). This verb seems
to mean Latin dtico as well
Asfero. Han. 150, they bore,
i.e. endured : — B. 96, Yawe,
duxit (uxorem) : — ^Fr. Ama-
way, a leader, pi. Imawayen.
This may suggest that Awi
is a softening of Elwi, lead.

Aiu, come thou, pi. Aiut. Han.
and Fr. borrowed, it seems,
from Songhay.

Iwau, it boiled, Fr. ; it was

red hot, B. pr. Igau, Fr.
Awet, see Igat.

B.

Aba, Iba? is gone, vanished.
Ur iba, will not vanish, na
Iba, death, Fr. See Ibat
and Ibeh.

Iboyan, (the tree is) budding, B.

Ibeda, vn is divided, dispersed,
B. 103,137, 204, i?/. Abeden.
Probably with i. Also Ne-
bedud, va we divide, B. 193.
[] Probably with i. This root
in Shilha is very common,
IbJu, he parted. Heb. Baded,
separate oneself, Gesemtcs :
also Arab. Ba2s, a piece or
part.]

Ebded, stand upright, stop, halt,
vn pr. Ibedded or Itebded.

Ebdeg, be damp, moist (Kab.
Ebzeg). naAbdug^F. Ti-
bedgi, H.

vo Sebdeg, moisten, na Aseb-
deg.

Biddel, be foolish, crazy, na
Tibedelt, folly. Ambiddel,
fool, crazy.

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132

TTJABIK YEBBS AND YEBBALS.

Ebeg ? TJbegen, they gathered,
rallied, H. 239.

Ebeg ? pr, Ibeggeg, (a camel)
growls, B. 217.

Ibegbeg, is over and past, B.
204.

EbegeDgen, snuffle, H. 86, 196.
Abgengan, a snuffler.

Ibfar? Tabefurt, riches^ H.
113. Anesbefurt, rich, pros-
perous, 75, 106, 210.

Ibeh, it failed, it deceived (Lat.
fallit). Ibeh- as eberiq, fe-
fellit eum via, he lost his way,
pr. Ibahe, he misleads, B.
Bahu, Bahut, a lie, falsehood.
Yehad s baho, he swore
falsely, B. Ambaho, liar, B.
Eni-s'-bahut, liar, F. pi.
Inisbahuten. Also Anes-
bahu, celebrated ; qu. puffed
off falsely?

Ibu£er, "elle s* enfuira" (sic)
H. Taba£tabe£, a dripping.

Ibuk, he intended, wished, was
about (to do) — ^nearly as Ye-
buf, of Kab. suggesting

. Arabic Bafa. Yebuk ad yut,
he was about to strike, H.
as the Arabs use Nawi (in-
tending). So B. Abok tegaX,
is about to fly ; as if Abok
were adverbial and a tense
mark.

TJbbok, na smoking (a pipe),
B. Kabbakaf, "I smoke,"
perhaps for Ara abakaf.

Ibek, m he hid, B. 81. Ibek-
ket, m he lurked, H. 138.
[Eb&ket, sin, B. 39, and B.

114,^/. Ibakk&den ; see Gha-
damsi.] na Tibekki, ambus-
cade. Asibaket, sit with
elbows on knees, B. (crouch,
in ambush?), na Tasbikkit. ^

Ibekbek, he dispersed, scattered,
H. 149.

Ibeksi? na Tibeksit, a smile,
B. 75.
ve Asibaksa-f, I smile, B.

Ibello, Ib6lxaxen, lazy, B.

Belbel? vc Isbelbel, bleats aloud,
H.

Ibelaf, he broke through (an
enemy, B.

Ebelanbel, boast, vaunt, H. 66.
but Ibelanbelet (the horse),
rolls, B. 216.

Abelanbak, moisture, B. 164.

Ibumbay, (the boat) is cap-
sized, pr. he lies on the face,
pronus jacet, B. 44.
vc Subumbe, va capsize (a
boat).

Ibunket, is mouldy, B. 198,
fern, Tebunkat.

Ibenekway (the boat) founders,
B. 210.

Aber, boil, vn,
vc Siber, boil.

Ibarbar, is come out ; as a star,
as a bud, or as a man from a
boat, B. Barbar, adv. forth,
out, B. (Arab. Barra), (Ebru,
Kab.). Hence perhaps

Simbara, set loose, B. 54, pi.
Simbarit, set ye free, Asim-
baraf, I set free, B. 157.

Eborderit, start in one's sleep,
B.

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TUARIK VEEBS AND VERBALS.

133

Ebruf? start up, but aor,
Iberegged, H. 149, with g,
lie sttuled up.

Aberaf, proud, B. (upstart?)
also Anasbarag, proud (with
g), H., Tebarorit (for Te-
bariifit ?), grandeur, B. Anes-
baraf, a proud champion, pi,
Inasbarafen, B.

Biregwel, turn inside out, B.
Si tebregwelt, in reverse.
vc Sebregwel, turn (a corpse)
over ; retrace(one*s steps, na
Asibregwel, H.

Ibrar, **prit son parti," H.
156.

Aburzazawerit, slide down, B.
72.

Iboriarak, is bearing (fruit), B.
Qu. for Ibof (Ibuk), yarak ?
is about to bear ?

Buyis, be wounded, H. 107.
[Aboyis, one wounded, B.]
but Abuyis, a wound, pt
Ibuyisen, H. pc, Abuyisen,
wounded, H. War nebuyis,
unwounded, B. Anbuyas,
one wounded, H.

ve Isbayas, he wounded, pr,
Isbuyas. Sabdyasaf, I have
wounded. Antisbayas, pass,
part, wounded, B. Ansa-
bayasen, they were wounded.
[This seems to introduce a
i^iphal form, not acknow-
ledged by Han.]

Ebsi, take down (a tent), B.
178,^?. Ebsiyet, pr, Ibasse.

Yet Ibse, vn is over and past,
B. 620.

Ibesay, vomit, B. 164.

Ibsar, va dry, (a shirt), B. 164,

pr, Basaraf, I dry. Tibserit,

vn is become dry.
Ibat, he died (was dead. Prod.

Son in B.); Abaten, the;

perished, B. 219 (comp,

Bid), pr, Itibat. See Aba.

D. i.

Edu, go ? as Kab. B. Ned^K.
we went.

Edi? Wedi? B. 230, "give*'
(or pay); War hi tawedet,
thou hast not paid me. This
is probably Arab. Eddi, mo-
dern Weddi, present, pay.

Yudu, he set off in the after-
noon, B. TJduan, they travel
late, H. na Taduit, starting
late ; also the evening. For
this, H. has Tadeggat, Tadej-
jat.

YuSa, he fell (so Ghadamsi),
pr, ItuSi,/w^. Ad yuSa.
vc Isu2a, he caused to fall,
overturned. (B. has o for u).

Ad, bite? pr. Tad, bites, B.
See Added.

Idiu (not in B.), he went with,
accompanied. Ediun, they
went in company, pr, Iti-
dau, fut, Idau. Annedaut,
let us go together, na Tedi-
wit, company ; also Teddiut,
a married woman. Adiau,
a herd (especially of camels).
Amidi, a Mend, /. Temidi,
pi, Imidawen, comrades.

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134

TUAMK VEUBS AND VERBALS.

Hence verb Imidu, he made
friends with, he aided. War
ilaamidi, (Qod)ha8 nofellow,
B.

vc Isdau, he gathered, brought
together, H. F.hasYesdu,
Yesdau, pr, Isaddu, Isad-
^ dau, B. 161. Isdawaf, I
gather round me (my wea-
pons of war).

From Aiu, wind, scent ; comes
vc SuX, blow, cause wind,
pr, Isuiu.

Iddu? Kdduin, they rejoiced.
Idiwet, he became joyful, H.
138, 176 (See Illewet), na
Tedawit, mirth, B.

Eui, Ewa^p, AwaX, an important
and difficult root. In form
the w sometimes changes to
g. The causative verb Seiii,
or Sewai, is liable to confu-
sion with the primitive verb
SawaJ, '*lookat,'' "observe,''
Kab. Isked. — EuS, also like
Arab. Balaf, from the sense
of Arriving, passes to that of
Maturity, and to that of
Summation 'y as Balaf, he
arrived; Balif, adult; Mab-
laf, a sum. B. has f for 2. In
the sense of summation, we
generally find -in or -an at-
tached to this verb; and
some may prefer to treat
Yewaiin as an independent
root.

(I) Eud, EwaJ, arrive, reach,
pi, imp. EuSet,/<?m. Euiemet,
H. WaSaf, I arrive, aor.

YuX, /. TuS, 3rd pi. f. EuXe-
net, EL., aor. pi. ^ewaf, B.,
pr. Iteui (ItewaS), H., 3rd
pi. f. Teiiienet, na TuSut,
H., Agai, F., arrival, pe.
Wa d yuJen, he who has ar-
rived hither (o icaTeKOiav).
AmawaX, an arriver (?). adj.
Awai,/.TawaS; or Amawai,
fern. TamawaJ, adult; na
Tawai, Tagai, B. Tamawai,
ripeness of age.
vc Seui, convey, convoy, send
safe, add, aor. IseiiX, Ise-
wei, pr. IsawaJ, fut. Ad
iseuS, pr. EsewaJaf, I add,
give more, B., imp. Se-
waZahi, anXurren, add to
me a little, B. [/S^^Esuai,
under S.]
(2) Yewaiin, he arrived, F.
But in pr. the final -in is
transposed, as if pronominal ;
Eh in yewai; F. p. 46;
likewise EwaSin, amount to,
pr. Edauiin. (But this
hardly seems correct.)
Hence (?) vc IseJan or Yesa-
ian, count (a sum), com-
pute, pr. Isaian, na Asl-
2en, H., pass. pc. Iselan,
counted, B.
Added, bite ; vp Ituadded, was
bitten, H. F. has aor. Idet,
pr. Idit. B. has Tad, bites.
One may connect this verb
with Aidi, a dog (which has
soft d in H. and F.), or again,
with Arab. £aiJ, bite.
Idub (Idob, B., Yedobet, F.),

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TUABIK TEBBS AND VEKBALS.

135

was able, is able (is become
able?), pr, Iteddub or Idu-
bet, H., na Adabu, ability,
possibility, F. This verb
takes an na for our infinitive,
as Adabun iisesij possunt
hihere. Amadub, Ameddub,
strong. Anedabu, /. Ten^-
dabu, capable, competent, pi,
Iniduba, /. Ten6duba, F.

Idabab, he is expert, B. (from
the last ?) adj. Adabib, ex-
pert, pi. Iddbaben, B.

Idbel, he carried (a child) on
his hack ; (a lion) carried (a
woman) on his hack, H.

Deben ? take a Tvife ? pr. Itide-
bonaf, I take a wife, B.
Eni8d6ben, a bridegroom, pi.
Inisduban \fem. Tenisd^bint,
bride, pi. Tinisduban, F.

. l/\^hether this is an organic
verbal, or a proper compound
(Eni si deben, woo, promise
marriage) may be doubted.
Under Ibeh, 9e$ Eni s bahut.

Ashel n edubu, day of wedding,
B. 632, without final n\
perhaps by error.

Edbar, vn ran ofi^, drained off?
vc Isodebar, lessen, drain off
(fluid), B. 94.

Idebarah, '*he slaps the face,"
B. [perhaps for Ad yebaraf,
he is insolent ?].

Tedefit, na flood, B. 209, as if
from Edef. See Etaf.

Adeg, Addeg, Addej, prick,
spur (your camel), drive on ;
(as Ar. Suq, beat, whip, for

drive on) ; prick, sting, stab.
[H. seems to have only Ad-
deg for stab.] pr, Itaddeg,
na Teddegi, vp Ituaddeg, vc
Siddej, cause to drive on.

Amdeggeg, doubtful, puzzled,
B. [Arab. Moiayyaq ?]

Idigdig, he was crushed, pi.
Digdigen B. 130. Heb. Da-
kak, contero. va Edigidaf, I
break, destroy, B. 171. na
Adigdig, corruption (destruc-
tion ?), B. 238 [Heb. and
Arab. Baqaq, crush, pound].

Idagak, he knocked (at the
door), B. [Arab, and Heb.
just noticed.] Perhaps the
truer consonants are Idiqdiq
and Idaqaq. But Arabic has
Dehek, crush, as well as
Daqq, knock, and Heb.
Bakak.

"Digmad-en, they made ropes,
B. 182 (twined?).

Adegindigi, stop the holes (in
a boat) well, B. 192.

Ideh, he folded (a shirt), pr.
Iteded, B. 184.

Idah, he hammers, pounds, for
Idax, pr. Edahaf, I pound
(rice), B. 188.

[Idhun, he cheated ?] Amedde-
hun, a dupe, a cuckold, H.

AZehan, brave (man), hero. H.
F. pi. ISehanen. EShenu,
bravery.

Dehel -ahi, help me, pr. Ede-
helaf, I help, B.

Idek, he pierced (with spear),
na Tidik, a stab, B. 129, a

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136

TUAJIIK VERBS AND VEEBAiS.

dim. of Idaqaq ? as in Arab.
Bakk of Daqq.

Idek (rather Ideg? Compare
Edeg, Edej, a place), he
dwelt? lodged? B. has Ir-
han adedekken ad edeggen ?)
BosebaDgo, they wished to
dwell at Bosebango. Compare
Ghad. Daj, house, dwelling.

Iddukel, was collected, pi. Ed-
dukelen. Tadukalt, a heap,
pi. TidukaliD. Edikel, a
double handful, H. 217.
(Comp. Kab. lAukkel, not
identical in sense.)
ve Isdukel, he collected, va.

YeJkal, he lifted, carried, car-
ried away ; with F. so writ-
ten. Yetkal in H.

Adekar, H., E. ; elsewhere Ad-
kar, Etkar. B. has Etkar
and Etkaf. The word repre-
sents Xab. IkxaQ and Arab.
Ajj, he was angry. Etkar
seems the prevalent spelling.

"War dikkSra, "no stopping,"
so B. 19. Uncertain root.

Del, cover? darken? (Kab.
cover). Not in H. or F.
Tafok todal, the sun has set,
B. B. has also Yodal (the
moon), sets ; Ijedal (sic),
will set. [True root may
be Igodal ?] (Tafok) tabok
egedal ( =a yedal, ad yedal ?),
the sun is about to set. {See
Ibiik.) . Also na Agadel ne
tafok, setting of the sun, B.

Dill, grow. Not in B. aor.

. Iduel, Idawel, he is full

grown, H. Hence (?) Idalen,

blue or green, F.

i)e Isdul, he reared, brought

up into full growth, na

Asdul, rearing, education.

Eddel, play, sport, aor. Idel,
H., pr. Itaddel, F. ; but
pr, Adellaf, I play, B. na
Adela, amusement, F. Hence
frequentative na. Dellul, pr.
DeUillaf, I dance, B. Kab.
Zellel, pirouette.

Yodel, he denied, refused, B.
(But in F. it is Yekudel, pr.
Itakudel.) See Del, above.

Dalam? Inadelemet (is be-
come?), dark, B., from Ar.
Adlam or ASlim ?

Idem? na Tidara, dripping of
rain, B.y pr. Itadem, it leaks
(drips?), B. 199.

Damu? plant. Ademef, I plant,
B. Anesdamu, a planter, hus-
bandman, pi. Inisdama, B.

Demendem-en, they hurried.

. Demendemet, hurry thou.
Idimendemet, he hurried, sie
H. 56, 176, 178.

Dan (be near? Arab. Donu,
nearness), m^Dannit, distance
(nearness ?), B. Menikite ha
dannit? Ma dar uge dan-
nit? how great is the dis-
tance ? B.

Aden-ahi, grant to me, extend
to me, B. 80, qu. from Arab.
I An, leave, permission.

AJen (fais paltre, Han.), feed
(cattle). Hence probably Ar.
A an, sheep, aor. ISan, pr.

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TUABIK VEKBS AND VEKBALS.

137

nan, B. 218. AmaZan,
grazier, shepherd, na Tama-
Mnt, tending of a flock.

(2) TuAaned, thou hast lost,
H. 160.

Adawenni, suhsL tale, story, H.
vc Sidawenni, relate stories —
debate.

YewaJin, he arrived, it amount-
ed to, r. See Ewai.

Edunke, bow, stoop, na Edun-
ket, religious bow, B. 632;
pr. let sing. Edunkeaf, B. 42.

Idenkai : in Han. 274 we shall
pass (near); Ur nedenkai,
275, we have not passed
(close) ; but 176, Edenkif,
I attack (!). One may rather
conjecture Edenkif, I close
with, and see in the verb a
compound : TJkai, peiss, and
Ben, nearness ? Idenkai and
Ikaiyetan look like the same
combination of elements.

Dm, a little, little, Kab., seems
to be the root of AmaJruin
and Iniurren, which see.

Aider, adj. deep, F. Idir, the
bottom, H. 'Edxr^prep. under,
B. S edir, ach. beneath, be-
low.

Eddar, live. Iddaren, pc. adj.
Amudar, a living man, a
wight. Tameddurt, life.
[This root, in this sense, is
m all the Libyan languages,
even side by side with 8ed-
darO, village or house, im-
ported from Arab. Dar.]

Idar, mhst. olive, F. Hence

Idarin, fat (oily ?), B. Idarat,
he is fat, F.

Aderif, a freedman, B. 96, pi.
Iderfan.
vc Sideraf, set free (a slave).

Aderfal, blind.

ve Isderfal, he blinded.

Idrar, calm, F.

Iderez? banged, rattled? pr.
3rd^/. Etederzen, B. 135.

Edis, side. S ides, at the side,
H., B. Ides, he placed, ar-
ranged, pr. Itades, F.

lies. If es, sleep. Eies, sleep
thou.

EJay, laugh, iazzen, they
laughed. B. has pr. Dazaf,
Tedazaf, I laugh. Ameiiay,
laugher, mocker, na Taieyya,
H. 102; Tadis, Tadesit, Ta-
dazit, B. {ue. Taiiy, Ta-
Jeyit?).

vc SeSy, cause to laugh.
vr pi. MiseJyan, they caused
mutual laughter, pr. Te-
maseSayan.

Idet, he bit ; see Added.

Idex (=Ideh?), he hammered,
thumped, ^r. Idahaf, I pound,
B. 185, 188, 191,ji?r.Itadex,
B. Tad^xaf, I hammer.

(2) Idix, he felt with the hand,
na Tadixa, B. 12^ pr. Itedex.

Iderez, he beat (rattled), the
shield, pr. Itiderez, B.

F.

Yufai, it is better (imp. If,
Han.), pc. Yufan, excelling,
better. Yufe, he surpasses.

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TUARIK TEKBS AND TEBBALS.

Nufet, we surpass him, B. 35.
vc Isufe, he preferred.

Tafu, day dawned. Tufai (the
sun), comes out [unless this
is from the next root]. Tu-
fat, the mom, morrow. Afa,
light. Tafaut, F., light, sun-
light. Efeu, fire, B. (Afa,
Aufa, fire, Ghad.). Hence
the word passed into African
Arahic.

Iffl ? aor, ? pr, Ifai,>m. Tufai,

gushes out ; also pr, Iteffai,

pc. Ifayen (hail), gushing

out, B. 620. Also va Teffai,

she spills, empties, H. 161.

So Kab. Effi, pour out.

ve Siffi? Tasiffem, ye have

driven out, B. In B. also

I taf, gushes, streams, i.e. is

full of water, 209 ; and va

Esattef, 174, pour out,

which seems to be present

of the ve Siffi.

Fad, thirst. Iffud, he was or
is thirsty, imp. Efiad. Anaf-
fud, thirsty, H., but Anas-
fad, B.

Fedijdij , rigediddig,«Vw^. hurry,
B.

Afdarfaddar, a hissing, B. 199.

Afeg, fly thou. Yufeg (the
bird), has flown.

Ifaf, it came forth, (seems the
same as Xab. Iflef ; but the
f in B. runs into k and r),
pr. Itfaf, also IfSfat ? Itfaf,
(the cup) overflows, runs
over, 174; (the boat) leaks,
210. Texe tafofat, the herb-

age comes forth, (sprouts),
and Eneli ifo(;at, the millet
sprouts, 207.

vo Isfaf, he emptied (the
tents), i,e, he plundered,
126. Isfakket, is hatched,
215, of a bird.

Fukku ? pound, crush. Itafuk-
ku, he pounds (rice), B. 188.

Fekk (Arab. Fukk, pull out?),
Teffek " elle a sauv6," H.,
qtcasi Iffek, eripuit, rescued.

Effukeren, are certain, are con-
firmed, H. 182.

Iful, he was first (to do a
thing), he began (a quarrel),
H. 231. See Ifuled. Te-
fiilt, a part, pL Teful, Tefu-
lin.

Yufel, he is tawny ; imp. Mel,
H.

Ifel, va he came away from, he
quitted, he left off (very com-
mon in Tu. and bhil.). Ass
tefeled asikel, when you
quit travel.

Ifuled, he made salute, with
prep, full before the person
saluted. Also Ihul, Ihuled.
Ifuled tinaut, he be^an speak-
ing, H. Kab. Gr. 349. This
seems to identity Ifuled with
Iful.

Eflis, believe, trust, confide in,
aor. Iflis, pr. Ifelas, F. B.,
Iflas, faithful, F. Eflisef,
I believe, H. Efelasaf, I
trust, B. na Tefelsi, H., Te-
felist, B. TifiUas, confidence,
pi. Tifelas, F. Anafelaset,

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TUAEIK T£RBS AND VEBBALS.

139

honest, B. Ihe Teflis, inest

probitas ;** trustiness ^^ and

" trust" being confounded.
Ifenas, decreases, B. 94, 204.

aor. Ifnes? vn Nekafenis

tennet {sic), I lessen, B. 94.
XJfur, imp. va hide, F. aor,

Iffer, H. Yufur, T"., he hid.

pr. Ifar, B. Itafur, F., he

hides, na Ufur, secrecy, H.

Nearly as Kab. See also

Har (cover).
Nefur, we have tracked out.

Afuri, the track. See Ahur :

f for h, as in Ghadamsi.
Iferat, pr. Itaferat, (the millet)

is ripe for harvest, B. 208.
TJfure? Teferten, salary, B.

632.

r<j? Isufure imanis, hired

himself, Prod. Son. Tifert,

a price, H. Kab. Gr. 349.
Ifarad, chewed the cud, B.

219.
IfraX, is swept. Aferral, Anas-

feraX, sweeper, H.

vc Tasefrui, broom, pi. Tisa-

fdraiin, F.
Ifraf, was crooked, pr. Itafraf,

na Afaraf, F.
Ifarkikan, pe, light (of weight).

(1) Efren, shave [Ghadamsi
Esran), aor. Ifren, pr. Iferan.
pe. Wa iferaren, the barber,
F. (Ghat dialect). Also

(2) Ifren, he picked, chose,
picked (his teeth), as Kab.
vc Isnafran, he chose, F.
Isenniferen, d^- H. 47, 177,
181.

[Aferas ft ras, piecemeal. Per-
haps from Arab. Fariese, a
creature torn in pieces by
a wild beast ; game from
hunting.]

Efsi, melt, vn Taf sit, the spring.
vc Sefsi, va melt, pr. Isefsai.

Ifasusen, pc. light of weight
(as Kab.).

Ifessusa, idle, cowardly?

[Ifta or Iftak, Ifta£., spread out,
with vc Isifta, pr. Itesifta,
and nouns Ifter (Iftull?), a
mat, Tesuftaxt, a carpet, — I
regard as derivations from
Arab. Fetall, opened, al-
though Hebrew also has this
very root.]

Iftal, is indiscreet, H. 222.
Imik iftal (perhaps literally
thy mouth is wide open).

Ofateni, barren (land), B.

Iftes, he rejoiced, H.

Ifax, he carded (cotton), pr.
Itafax, B. 183.

Effez, chew.
vp Ituaffez.

G. J.

[The sound of J in Barth and
Freeman is that of the English.
But in the dialect of Tuat, set
before us by Hanoteau, it is
" something peculiar." He
would not thus speak of French
j. I imagine it must be our
hard g closely followed by a
consonant y ; as some English-
men sound Guide as Gyide. <
In general G and J seem to in-

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140

TUAKIK VEEBS AND TEKBALS.

volve no diflference of meaning,
being often interchanged.]
Iga, he did or made, he
acted, performed, constituted.
Egahi, do for me. [It is
generally a moral verb. He
made (mechanically) is rather
Ikna.J Passively, Iga, it
was done, H. 186; also it
became, f>r. Itage, F. So
habitually in Shilha for It
is. Egen, they form (a
line), B. 136. Egef, I have
performed, have done. imp.
' Age (Ghadamsi Aj ), pr, Itag,
po, Igan; na Tigant. Ti-
megget, deed, action. F.
has also Ige, an action, pi,
Igitan. Tug, a value. But
see Yugda. [F. distinguishes
Iga, he acted, pr. Itag, from
Ige, he became, pr. Itaga.]
^gei, Ujei, refuse, aor. Yugei, H.
— B. Prod. Son, v. 28, Yunge,
he refused. F. gives Igiwe,
he disappointed, pr. Itigewa.
TJgaraf, I refuse, B. 105,
perhaps for TJg^waf. TJjjan,
" they remained on camel's
back through weariness,"
Han. I look to the old
Greek to explain ^ATToehre^
he refused, by ellipsis meant
** he refused to continue the
fight y^ renunciavit(pugnam);
hence, he was outwea/ried.
Thus Ujjan in Tu. they were
worn out; too tired to dis-
mount and remount. See
Indar.

Ejeu, Egewa, cry of a camel in
distress, pr. pi. f. Egewanet,
pi. m. Igewanen {stc), B.
See Inju, Ingu.
Wege ? [Arab. Wajih, specious,
comely ?] "War tawege, fern.
verb, is unbecoming, B. 74.
A war inituegi, which is
impossible, B. 36. But see
Ihage. Pom^/yWarituhage,
Initiihage, are more correct.
Igbas, Ijbas(Kab.Ibgas), girded
himself, pr. Igabbas? sing.
Egebessaf, B. 160. na Aga-
has, H. Agbas, girdle, girth.
dim. Tagebist, belt, B. Te-
sigebist, shawl thrown over
the shoulders, B.
Egged, Ejjed, leap, bound;
start up, B. {See Ageder.)
Igged, he leapt over, cleared,
i?r. Itajjed, Itagged. [Ti-
gedit, the direct road, B.,
hence Tidit, truth, right?]
For Ijjed see also Yugda.
vc Segged, cause (a wild ani-
mal) to start up, i.e. hunt,
chase, H. (But Segged
may be a corruption of
Arab, yayyed, hunt.) With
B. this vc is neuter or de-
ponent: Taiokteseffedeix-
innawen, the sun has
mounted the heavens; /«».
verb. But B. 216 Isu-
gedit, has mounted.
EgeS, it flew, na TegaZ, B.
EgeM, Ajlil, a bird, B.
TeseggaS, a feather, pi. Te-
seggaien, B.

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TUABIK VEBBS AND VERBALS.

141

Igeded, (the egg) is addled, B.

215 (qadid?).
Egod, Eggut, Egen, involve

much difficulty of separation

and analysis.

(1) Egod, multitude, quantity,
B. Perhaps better Eguf .

(2) Yugda, it is equal; he
equalled, H. 141,^r. Ijjed, it
amounts to. {See EwaX.) na
Togdut, Tofdut, equality, F.
vc na Esugdu, argument, F.

[Tug, a value, may belong
to this root.]

(3) Yuggeda, B. Igda, Ijda,
H., it suffices. Ugeda, adv,
very, B. Ma igede? how
much? B. [what suffices?].
Ma der ugeda? for how
much? B.

vc In poetry, H. 219, Tezuj-
dahet, elle suffit. Also
F. has yezugdah, adj con-
tented; Azigda, content-
ment. Perhaps this root
should be written always
with final h : Yugdah,
Izugdah, etc.
God-ef, I praise, glorify (God),
B. pr, Negodai, we glorify,
H. 227.
Agadel, Ejadel, Odel, setting

(of the sun), B. ; see Del.
Gaddelen, Jaddelen, H. 133,

190, they hunted after.
Egdem, cut thou. (South Tu.,

Han.)
£gedemma(*, I drive on, B., as
{{present. Perhaps it is only
Arab. Qaddim.

Igeder (obscure in Barth),
"Egedarit fell tarik,*' he
jumped down from his camel,
B. 70, surely rather, he
jumped upon the (drome-
dary's) saddle. The final tt
(superflous in the verb, as
elsewhere) we must call de-
ponent Again, "Agederaf
ateras atukkek, I spring over
a ditch,'' B. 70. Ateras
(B. 622), as a noun means
a plain. Possibly here, as
an adverhf it suggests hori-
zontal leaping. Atukkek (a
ditch ?), is found here only.

Igfel, he '*took away," B.
126; perhaps ''padlocked"
from Arabic, as in B. 159.
But see Ikfel.

Ogig, adv. afar. Igig, distant,
F. (Kab. Iguf). Yugig, was
distant, pr, Itugeg, imp.
Ageg, na Tugegi, distance,
H. A yugegen, pc, the
distant, to iroppto. (In many
instances, Wa, A before a
participle seem distinguished
as 6 and to in Greek.)

Igag, Ijaj, aor. heap a load on,
lade (a camel), pr. Itageg,
See Izzuz. Ageggi, j»^. Igeg-
gan, camel's load. Ghadamsi
Jejaq, laden. Possibly Ijaq
or Igaq may be the older
root.

Ejaj, thunder, B. So in Gha-
damsi ; Egag, Shil. hence
aor. Ijaj, j?r. Itajij, it thun-
ders, B.

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142

TT7ARIX VEBB9 AND VERBALS.

Ijujab, is plentiful, H. 224.

Igagger, he insulted, H. 73,
104. na Tageggart, insult.
vr Enimgeggeren, they in-
sulted one another. Ehe-
gogSre, calumniator, with
Ehe, an unusual prefix.

Igeh (H. and F.) for Igex of
B., he entered, pr. Itageh,
r. Oguh , entrance, access, F.
Also (instead of ve Segeh)
F. has, Igehe-d, he ad-
mitted.

Geh-ahi, bear me witness, B.
[Kab. Anagi, a witness.]
Egehaf, I testify, B. ; XJge-
hef, I certify, H. 224. Ta-
gohi, witness, pi. Tigohar^w
{sic), B. 629, whether testis
or testimonium is not clear ;
perhaps the latter.

Eghel for Egzul, short.

ve Zeghel for Zegzel, shorten,
H. 166.

Egel, Eglu, Eggil, Ejel, depart,
migrate, Ajlet, go ye, H. 183.
Ijla, H., Iggele, B., he de-
parted, went, pi, Eglan, H.
pr, Ijelle, H. Itigele, B.,
also Egeleaf, I go, B. Ijla
6 wen, the state (of day) is
gone ; that is, it is late, H.
na Tegilet, migration. Hence
perhaps as a new verb with
tinal -et radical, Annigelet,
we will migrate.

Igelai, has permission or right ?
Egelayef, I am authorized,
B. 114. Form of the aorist
unknown.

Tegillelauet, with four edges;
needs explanation. Perhaps
Tegilla is a square cake.

Eglef ? Tagallfet, a deposit, B.
Perhaps from Arab. Salf, a
thing left behind. See Seglef
under S.

Igelmam, it stagnated, pr. Iti-
gelmam. The final m re-
minds one of Heb. Mim,
water, and suggests that both
in Aman, water, and in Agel-
man, a pool, lake, the fin^d n
was once m. (Indeed Heb.
final Im of the plural became
In in Chaldee and Arabic.)
The element Agel may seem
to mean a collection. L-^'^"
mIm is a pool, in Kab.]

Igelas ? vc Isagelas, he escorted.

Ijulez, Igulez, he was left be-
hind ? Wi ijulezenin, those
who remained, H. 184, and
/. Ti tigulezenin, al \oinraX.

Ageme, see Egmai.

Egmi, H. Egmay, F. peiiit,
in widest Latin sense ; seek,
search, entreat (claim, F.)
Egmiyen, Ejmiyen, they
sought, pr. Igammai, he
seeks, na Agamei, a claim,
F. ; Agamai, research. Anag-
mai, a searcher.

Igem (Yogem, F.), he drew
(water), hausit. pr. Itag-
gem, F. H.

EgemaS, go out, come forth,
(appear, come out, as sun,
F.) aor. IgmeZ, IjmeS (Ige-
maS, F.), pr. IgammeS, H.,

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TUAKIK VEBBS AXD VEBBALS.

143

Itagema2, E. na Egemu£,
appearance, F.
ve SejemeS ; aor. IsejmeS,
pr. Isajmai, H. This root
in B. is generally superseded
by his Barbar. B. 118 has
Itegmad axeni, the blood
comes out, and in Prod. Son,
v. 21, Igma^, came out. In
138 he has, "Let the cham-
pions step forth," Siggemet
etid inasbara^en ; which pro-
bably ought to be Sigge-
me'f et-id inasbarafen ; ** cause
ye to come forth ;" with id,
(hither). It must be added
that B. has Agema, Dagemn,
outside ; Gema, without^ as
if from a verbal root Egema,
Gema. Also Ajema, the
desert, thn8=Arab. Barriya.

Agimekk-ahi, teach me, B. 89.

Igamanna, barren, B. ; but qu.

Tigimxin, na protection, B.
(Igmex, he protected ?).

Egen, much, multua, f, Teget,
multa, B. Taiazit teget,
much laughter, B. Awagin,
most (men) o ttoXu? ? B.
Eggen, adv, much, as Ijjat
eggen, ** frappe beaucoup,"
H. 80. Participial also, A
yeggen, to ttoXu, the much,
the greater part. This, and
Teget may suggest a root
Ege. iS^^ also Eggut. Egen,
Ejen, an array, H., might
mean simply a multitude, a
host ; but in B. we find
Egehen, a military expedi-

tion. Dim. Tajent, a small
army, pi, Tigenin.

Igen, he lay down, (the camel)
knelt, pr, Itigen.
vc Isigen, he made (a camel)
to kneel, H. na Tesugenet,
blame, F. (qu. causing a cul-
prit to kneel in contrition ?)

Eggup, play the beggar, pr.
Iteggun, H.

Egan, sing? B. From Arab.
Fanni ? Nek iganan dsehak,
I (am) singing a ditty (?)
[Doubtful.]

Igiun, lyiun, be satiated. Eg-
giunef, Eyunef, H. 257,
69. Tiyunawaf, thou hast
enough, B. Fem. Zrd pi.
Iwanet for Egiunnet, (the
cows) are satiated, and Xst pi.
Naiwen for Negiun, we are
satiated, B. na Tegawent,
satiety, H. 235. So in Kab.
Gayawant (Luke Gawant),
surfeiting.

Igeny ? Igney ? Tegenyit,
misery, H. 211.

Ager, throw, cast (javelin).
Iger, he flung, pi. Eggeren,
pr. Igar, B.

m Anemiggeren, they flung
mutually, B. Hence perhaps
the noun Amger, combat, and
from it a new verb, pr. Itam-
gar, he combats, H. 238,
265. Carefully distinguish
this from Amagar, a guest,
and from Kab. Amgar, a
sickle. [Amger, ** an en-
counter," may also be re-

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144

TUAEIK VERBS AND VERBALS.

ferred to £ab. Imugar, he
met.]

Yuger, Tujer, he surpasses;
(j?r^«^^iiithe aorist ?) Yu-
jerin, excellent, H. Ugar,
ad/D. more, H.

Tigrawin,j»/. (superiorities, H.)
the substitute for English
"fold in threefold, fourfold,
etc.

Egru, Igrau, unite the ideas of
finding^ and finding out or un-
derstanding. Perhaps more
correctly Igrahu, na Ugere or
Ageruhet, knowledge, B. Ig-
gero (rather Igrahu ?) he
found, B. Igere, Iguru, he
understood, F. Igrau, he
has found, pi. Egrawen
(Egruhen ?), H. pr, Egera-
hef, I understand, B. 87.
Probably the cardinal idea
of Igrahu is prehendit, as the
phrase, ** Igrahu i teneda,
fever has caught me," sug-
gests. As with Gr. KareKa^e
and Lat. apprehendit, the
idea of "understand " follows.
ve Isegra (Isegrah ?), he

caused to understand, H.
vr Enimegeran (Enimege-
rahan ?), they understood
one another, H.

Igerau, Iherau, it is wide, spa-
cious ; easy, loose ? Egrauf,
I am easier, B. na Ejiwer
(Egiower ?), breadth, pi.
Ijoweren (Igioweren ?), F.
Iharauen, wide, easy. Also
va Igeriu, he caused (his

horse) to gallop, B. qu. he
loosened ? pr, Etegeriu-ef
aisini, B. 63, do habenas
equo meo.

Igered ? pr, Egeriddaf, I praise,
B. 29 (Arab. Fered, warble.)
Megered, a speech, B. talk ?
vr Imegered, he talked, ha-
rangued, B. Zrd pi. pr.
Timegarden, they chat,
H. 176.
[Erkod, eloquence, B. needs
explanation. So Orad.]

Ijjur, Ijjuret, was angry, H.
110, 188 ; a softening of
Ktkar, Edkar, Edekar. Com-
pare Kab. Etxall.

Egrah ? 8ee Isagrah, under
Igray.

Jerjex, tremble thou, pr. Ita-
jerjex, H.

Igras ? na Tamegragt, remorse,
H. 140 (perhaps Arabic).

Egetaroren, (the cock is) crow-
ing, B. 215. (qu. the true
root.)

Igerex, he warbled? B. 73.
fut. 3 pi. ad ig^rSxen.

Igray, it pleases, H, 148, fern.
3 aor. Tegrayet, H. 133, is
pleasant. Ejrayen, pleasant,
157. With A for y, B. has
ve Isagrah, he looks at with
pleasure. [But consider
Kab. Issag and Irha.]

Agas, see Agay.

Ijaserin, pc. ? penetrating, B.
page 620.

Ijasal, B. 234 (Ijazal?), is
shallow. See Igzal.

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TX7ABIK YEBBS AWD TESBiXS.

145

Bggut, H., Egot, Egod, B.,
multitude, the most part,
quantity. S egod, by multi-
tude, by numbers, B. Egeut,
abundance, F. {See Egen.)
Awagot, many, Agoteni, too
many, too much, B. {sic)
.218. Iggutenin,j9/.j9(?.many,
H. Eggetenet, 3rd pL fern,
are numerous. [Kab. sup-
plants this word by Arabic
Xaff , perhaps akin to it.]
Agit, often?— B. 235, has
"War agit, seldom.

Igewaf, he shunned, fled, na

Egewat, flight, B. ; also Ehe-

wet for egewaf , beware of,

. B. Amag^wat, humility, B.,

perhaps shyness.

Igat and Awet (a root in B.
needing fuller explanation),
pr, Egat-af, I make (a fence,
pots, etc.), B. 186, 193.
Aw^taf, I build (a house, a
boat), 191. I make (a fire),
and imp, Awet, 168. XJwe-
taf, I spread (the carpet), 177.
To me it seems that Awetaf
, is Latin Btrw>^ I arrange in
layers; hence I build (a
house, a fire). **Ayor yu-
wdt afarak, the moon has a
halo," B. 619, afarak being
a (circular) fence; is more
naturally identified with Igat
aralad of this root, than by
rendering Yuwdt, ** has
struck," though Tuwat in
H. is "«A« struck." Whether
Igat and Awet belong to the

same verb, also with which
t we must write, remains
uncertain. Of course, hoot
(he struck) is a totally
different root. Igat may be
a development of Iga (he

(did).

Iggat (Kab. IkkaG), he strikes,
from aor, Iwat. Ijjat, il
frappe, H. 80.

Igetarit, he sprang, B. See
Igeder.

Igex, he entered, pr. Itagex,
na Ogix, B. ; but na Teg-
gexi, H. Iggex, the in-
terior. Anaigex, the inside,
B. imp, Eggix, enter thou,
B. 53. See Igeh.
vc Seggex, bring in.

Agay, Ajey, watch, guard, keep
safe. Agaz idalen, watch
the baggage, B. Agay, be-
ware. UgS-zaf, I take care.
Yogay, watchful, F. pr.
Itagay. Itagazan, careful, F.
Also pr, Igyai, Ijay, Itajay,
indeed Igzai, he reflects, re-
putat, H. 279.

Igza? pr. Agozeaf, I limp
{sie) dso, I get down, B 71.
Has '* alight" been read as
"limp"? Compare Kab.
Juz, alight.

Gezul, short, F.=Wezil. Ige-
zulen, d®' H, Igzul, was
short or shallow, pr. Igazel,
Ijazel.

Agazar, feud, war, B. or Ajez-
zar, pi. Ijezzaren, H. Prob-
ably from Arab, butchery.

10

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146

TUASn YEBBS AlTD YEBBALS.

Yufi (Orea! B.), he has
strangled, H. 61.
vp Ituafi.

I(;a, be dug a hole, pr* Iqa, E.
Bather Ifha, pr, Iqqah,
which see.

Yuef, he stopped, va checked, H.
159.

Ifeb, he was drowned, »(»Tifebi,
H.

Ifagg, it bleated (Kab. Ijefa),
na Tefaggit.

Ifha, he dug, pr. Iqqah, for
Ifxa.

Ifhad, he corrupted, pr. Itaf-
hed. P., for Ifxad, which see.

Ifhel, he needed, pr. Ifhal, H.
99, 242, also Kab. Gr. 349,
perhaps for Ifxel, to repre-
sent Agellil, poor, of Kab.
andShil. Bar^ has Ahuxel,
it is necessary, i.e. Afnixel ?
But see Ihuxel.

rujjer, take breakfast, H. 276.

Iflai, he went round, patrolled,
made circuit, pr. Ifallai,
(circulates, E.). Also Iflei,
he mingled, pr. I[alley, F.,
seems to be the same verb.
na Aflai, circuit, Tafeleit,
F., circulation. Si tafelit,
in rotation, in turn, H. B.
heard the { as an r, and writes
Aralle, wall of court yard,
Terlaite, around ; E^leyen,
they have surrounded, B. 1 36 ;
Aralad, a fence (with d, B.
186). [He has also Aralay,

work, suhs. and Arelen-an,
they work, 178.]
Yafil, he thinks (Arel, B.),
perhaps from Arab, saql,
intellect. B.6 ifilen, what-
ever they may think, H.
Compare Kab. Ifil, he im-
agined, rilen, they believed.
S oril, by heart, by memory,
B. 156 for S ppl.
Tufil, he came back, returned;
(connected with Iqqil ?).
Aman abuk yurel {rather
yufil?) is about to go back,
i.e. to sink lower, B. 209.
ve Isufil, he replaced, re-
stored, brought back, re-
paid, H. 92, 99, 141, pr.
Isaffil, F., who also has
l8U[il, he closed \ perhaps
accurately he turned hack
(the door), as Err taw-
wort, na Tafala, a pecu-
liar trot, B., amble ?
Eflaf? vr Imseflaf, he took
leave, bade farewell, H. 160.
Iflil, he continued, pr. Ifallil,
F. Aflal, he continued, F.
rim, Aqqim, sit down, stay,
rest, pr. Itpm, na Tafimit.
vo Isifim, he seated, etc.,/?r.
Isfimi, H. 79.
Ipna he dyed, (it is dyed?
See Kab. Ifem). Temif, I
dyed, tinted, imp. Pem.
Ifna (he is) contented, F. {See
Ikna.) na Tafanaut, content-
ment. Compare Arab. Iqnas,
he was contented.
Fan, Iqqan, he tied, fastened.

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TUABIK TERBS AKD TEBBALS.

147

{See Iqqan.) Afan, a tie,
band, cord, jp^. Ifunan. TJfun,
a ligature, F. B* has. Shall
I tie the horse or loosen him?
Agiaf ais, mer aref ? Agiaf
(I think) ought to be Afnaf
from Pan.

Afer, read thou. Ifera, he read,
na Tiferi. "Wi ifemin, those
who read. From Arab. Qara*.

A[;er, Per, call thou, Feret, call
ye. Faren, they call, Tefe-
rim, ye mention, H. 214.
Aferef, I call for, B. 89,
101. This root is pure
Libyan; but to distinguish
from* the preceding is hard.

Itafar, pr. (from Iqqur), it
dries up, it is parched, na
Tafart.

Tafara, good behaviour? F.
See Yaqerat.

Yefored, he is in good health,
valenSy validm, F., pi. Imfu-
rad, intelligents et forts,. H.
191.

Afaras, butcher thou, pr* Ifer-
ras, na Aferas. (Akin to
Ar. Jezar? See Agezzar,
above). Amferras, a cut-
throat.

vp Ituageres, Yemifares.
t?r^?. Enmifaresen, H. B.
123, Suggoras, for vc Su-
faras ? cause to decapi-
tate. [In Shilha Araras
means a road or way.\

Efsar? rather Arab. Qasra, a
deficiency ?

vp Isefser, he fined, H. 269.
Probably not true Libyan.
See Eqquser.

Iftes, he lopt, dipt, hewed
(Arab. Qatas), pr, Ifattes,
na Afatas, Aftus. vp Ituaftes.
"With Freeman, the sense of
eut seems to pass into Decide^
and hence Settle, Fix.

Ifxa, he dug (a well), B., for
Kab. Ifya, but F. has I [ha.

Ifxad (I£xet, B., Ifhad, F.),
corrupt, spoil, waste ; break,
violate (one's word), B. (also
Irkxed, maU, B.). Ma£iat,
wasteful, na A£.axat, spoil-
ing; for Mafxad, Afaxad.
Also Ama£xed, unhappy.
Ifdx^idet? it hurt? "War
tfr^adet," lest it hurt (the
horse's back), B. 227. Yet
€ee Ixxad.

Ifezzu, it is deep, H. 263.
(Kab. Ifza, he dug).

H.

Eh, be in. Ihe, Lat. inest ;

Ehan, insunt.
Ihayen, pi, they travel early,

H. 210. The h represents

X ; but B. has Inxaya for

this verb.
Ihewai, he besmeared, H. for

Ixewai. See Ixau, Ixag.
Ahuyye, na sporting, B. Ama-

hayen, a sportsman, pi,

Imahoyen, B.
Ehad, in B. looks like the future

tense mark ; as Ehad ifoket,

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148

. TUABIK TESBS Ain> TESBAXS.

he Trill come forth, 215.
Eher ehad ixek, the lion will
attack, 221.

OhuS, misdeed, crime, F. pi.
OhuSen ; for Oxi^. See
Ixxad.

YehaS, he swore, H. ,Yohad,
B. 109. pr. Yehad, B.

Ihaddigen, pc. clean, pure, H.
Hedig, clean, F. {h for x, y),
B. Ixedigen, clean; Kab.
Ezdig. F. has also pr, Izizig
(sic). Compare Heb. and
Ar. ^adaq.

Hedenden, stammer, H. gabble ?
rattle, B. (Lat. tinnio; Ar.
fan^^an, Engl, tinkle). Te-
hadendan, gossiping, B.

• Yohag in B. seems to be Yuhaf
of H. He caught, B. he par-
ried (a blow), 140. Ohagen,
they captured (cattle). See
also Yohak, Yuhaf.

Ehiag, limp, B. 72. See Ehiak.

Iheggaf, is red. Iheggafen,
for Ixeggafen, or Ixeggaren,
which see.

Ihuh&r or Ixuxar,.is big; pr.
H. 113, Kab. Izhar, pr.
Izuhhar.

Iheger, Ixeger, Izeger, is long,
tall, lofty. Ihegeret, is grown
tall.

[Ahafer, mountain-tops, H.
.218, in poetry.]

Hegeris, it is credible, B.

Ibage-t, he reposes. Ad ehagef,
I repose, B. "War tuege
(ituhage?), it is not agree-
able, War inituegi (initu-

^^0 ?), incompatible, im-
possible, B. Yenihage, agree-
able, F. Enhegi (perhaps
na) agreeableness. H. has
Inhaggen (Inihagen), plea-
sant. Quietude seems the
radical idea. Niphal n (in-
stead of mf) is added to the
root.
Yuhaf (passim in H.), he plun-
dered, pillaged, captured.
Yuhafenin, plunderers, pr,
Itahaf. na Tuha[i, pillage.
vp Imihaf, has been pillaged,
fern. Temihaf, she has been
carried off. na Ahafena
{sic)y pass, the being pil-
laged, H. 265.
tr pi. Enimahafen, they pil-
laged one another. This
verb seems to be Kab.
Awaf, take ; which in Kab.
means either sumo or capio:
while Yuhaf has the mili-
tary sense of capio,
Yohak, he attacked, pi. Ehokan,
B. 126. This may seem to
mean only Yuhaf. Indeed
the double form Yohag and
Yohak in Barth may seem
both to point at Yuhaf. But
B. has also Ixak, attacks
(which see), and the sense
** captured *' ill suits the
series of sentences in B. 126,
127. He begins by Ehokan,
they attack, and ends by
Ohagen, they capture. There-
fore I am inclined to identify
Barth's Yohak with Ixak.

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TUAEIK TBRBd Am) TEBBAtS.

149

Ehiak, (the horse) is lame, B.
216, 72. Also Ehiag.

Ihul, has saluted, H. 188.
Tehuletin, salutations, F. but
Ham. Kab. Gr. 369 has root
Ihuled, and Tahulet for Ta-
huledt. See Ifuled,

Halhal? seelYAe.

Ihal, he weeps, B. and H. Me-
fel tehalid? why weepest?
"War telhet, weep not, B. 75,
as though from Ilhe — rather
Ihle, Ihele ?

Tubal, for Yuxal, he ran.

Ihle, busy, industrious, fem.
Tihle, P. Yemihal, he is
active, F. Yemihalhal, he
has been very busy, F. Ima-
halen, Inmazalen, domestic
servants, H. 257. Tanma-
halt, servant maid. [The
change of A to 2 suggests
Yuhal, Yuxal, Yuyal, he
ran; as the root. See also
under Imexal.]

Ihuled, tee Ihul above.

Tehalgi, the left side, for
Texalgi.

Heligle, (the fire) revives, B.

169;

Ihillelet, (the he-goat) bleats,
B. 220 (Heb. and Arab.
HeUel).

Eheni, see! (also Enhi, H.
Endya, F.) tta Ahanai, Taha-
nait, sight, faculty of sight.
Amanai for Amhanai, the
Sees, Oveeseee, epithet
of the Most High. Enhef
(Ehenef), I saw ; Ini (Inhi,

Iheni), he saw, pr, Ihenni,
Inhai, pi, Enhaien ; also Ite-
henni, It^nhi, It6nhai. (The
idea of Find is often substi-
tuted for See,) na Tahanait,
finding. Thus in " Prodigal
Son/' Nolis tahanait, we
have repeated the finding,^
ue, we have again found. F.
has not only Enaya, see, but
Tenaya, authority, dominion,
perhaps rather Tehanaya,
oversight.

vr Yamenai [avve&e P), he
compared? Ameni, com-
parison, pL Imenitan, F.
also Itamenaiy^ (?)iw*- he
compares. (In these h
seems to be dropt, as in
Ira for Irha.)

Ehen, chamber of tent, home ;
pL Ih6nan. Hence verb
dim, Tehent, pi, Tehanin. pr.
Ihon, he changes his abode,
B. 67. [Indeed B. renders
ijoenit ahonenit, ** they have
transferred their encamp-
ments ; " Ijoenit is a puzzle.]
Ihone, is domesticated ? Prod.
Son, B. Tulis ihone, again
he is at home ? (is alive, B.).

Ihinnit, he neighed (Lat. hin-
nio), pr. Itahinnit, B.

Tehen^fet, moan, B. 75. na a
moaninpf ?

Tehanit, Tehaninet, na pity, B.
(Hann, Heb. and Ar.)

Yuhar, he is old=Yuxar, Ye-
waxar, B.=Kab. Yusser. na
Tuheri, old age.

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150

TX7ABIK YEBBS AND YEBBALS.

Ihar, he <M)vered, B. H. 269
has Entahar, tpe close up
(the mouth of a well). B.
81 perhaps contrasts E^raf;
imani, I hide myself; with
HUraf idemin, I cover my
face (with my hands).

Ahar, he associated (perhaps
not Libyan, but for Arab.
Saxar). Yuhar, he was com-
rade, pr. Ituhar. Amaher,
comrade, H. 61, 106, 248.

Iharau-en, pc. wide, easy. See
Igerau.

Eheri, property, (Arab, mal,
pecus and pecunia, cattle and
chattel), a herd, money.
Tahore, a matter, affair ?
husiness, B. Yehereyd (%ic
E. with d\ occurrence ; also
^(fihereyen, as if partici-
pial, circumstance, accident,
event. To what roots these
belong, is not clear; the d
of E. is embarrassing.

Ahrai, seems to be the same
root as Heb. Allar, Arab.
A£.ar. In. vr Enimahray,
mutually different, na An-
mahray, difference, E.

Tehur=Yefur, he tracked out.
Yoher, he keeps the track.
Ihuret, Han. 147. 2nd pL
Tehurem,H:. 160, 187. War
tehorit, thou keepest not the
track, B.

Enharben, they are sharp
pointed, H. 214. qu. Arab,
of vii form from ILarba, a
bayonet ?

Yehareg, adjacent, E. Imharag,
a neighbour, B.

Ihereg (=Ixereg of B.), he
watered (the flock), jpr. Ite-
harag, H. 147, 268.

Ihorga, he dreamed, na Tehor-
get, B. (Kab. Yurga).

Ehereldaf, bessa, I gird my
loins, B. 160 (doubtful root).
Compare Aralad, a fence.

Iharek, he strayed, na Aharak,
H. (Ar. ^araj ?).

Ihama, snarled, B. 222, pr, Ite-
harna, but (B. seems to inter-
pret) Ihernen, pc. crouching,
221. Aineme-harnaAin, 139,
mutually growling or crouch»-
ing (said of two Hons).

Ihusi, was pretty, elegant, pc.
Ihusin, na Tehusit, Tehusai,
beauty, H. But B. has only
Ihos^n for Ihusin. Texe
tehoske, flne grass, B. 231.

Ihasar, (the- ostrich) runs, B.
223— strides ?

Ihuxel, is necessary, B. So in
H. 217, if we may interpret
u (as elsewhere) for IJr, not.
See Ifhel.

Ahaz, be near, approach, Yu-
haz, pr. Yahez, B. na Ehaz,
Tuhazi. In Prod. Son. Ine-
haz (as if Niphal), he ap-
proached. Also ** opposite
each other," In6hezan gere-
san, B. 232.

I£.ast, he gave up, pr. Ita£.ast,

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TUABIK TEBBS AKD YEBBALS.

151

F. Ama£soty one surren-

deriBd, a devotee.
I£.xed, 8ee Ifxed.
IRxem? TaRxamxam, very salt.
Yi£ta, bristleB, B. 207.

K

[In a few cases it may be
doubtfnl whether Earth's K
means Q ; but Q, as ^, is rare
in Libyan. Each is Hable to
be absorbed by T.]
Ek, go thou, Akket, go ye.
Ikka, he went; also as va
he went to; he traversed.
Ad ikkan, they will go. na
Tikaut. [Y6ken ten, they
drive them back : tic B. 143.]
vc Isuk, Isok, he caused to
go, he sent. Annasuk, we
will send ; Ad yesik, wiU
send upon. Amassuk, en-
voy, pi, Imassuken, Em-
saken, they deliberate, B.
124.
Tukai, it passed, it missed, it
is past. XJkaien, they have
passed, Wa yukaien, the past
(time, etc.). Yaki, he passed
at the side (H. 143), Tesawa
toke, the ball missed, B.
ve Isukai, he caused to pass,
H. 209. See Denkai and
Kayeten.
Tokai, he awoke, vn f pr.
Itakkai, F. XJkif, I woke
up, m H. 124. In Kab.
Xnd, pronounced U£i, wake
thou. .

Yoku, it blazed, pr, Ituku, F.
na Tukut, a blaze. Tekaya,
bread baked in the oven, F.

Eki, take thou, mme.^Qn Musa.

(2) At^ki, chip, square (planks),
B. 191.

Xau ? Yekaukau, (bird in Q^g)
pecks, B. 215.
vc Iskaukau, he knocks at,
H. 99.

Yekudel, he denied, pr, Itiku-
del, F. See Odel.

Ikedim, he peeled (fruit), pr*
Itekedim, B.

Ikdemet, it stung ?

vp Itwakedemmat, has been
stung.

Ikafayen, pc. fresh and sweet,
epithet of milk, thus, A£
wa yekafayan, milk which
is fresh. Also Takafet, scum
of milk, B. (clotted cream ?)

Ikfa, he gave (Kab. Ifka),
imp. Ekf , pr. Itkef ; fut. or
8ubj. Ad yekf. Ad ikef, ^(?.
Ikfan; Wa ikfan, he who
gave, o Soi}?. Also B. 197,
Ikaf, it gives (?), pr. for
Itkef.
vp Itukef, or Imakfa, was

given.
vr pi Enimekfan, they gave
mutually.

Ikfel?j»r Itikfal? Atikfalen,
"they ransacked," B. 130,
perhaps rather diripiunt.

Ikfar, he is valiant. Akfor,
valour, B.

Ikukel, he stept, trod, H. 147.
Kukelen, they chased, H.

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152

TUABIK YIXBfi Ain> TBKBALS.

231. But in Shilha, Ikuqil,
he drove away.
Ikal, he came ? Akel, go thou,
£.232. (There is nothing to
suggest that he means this
as imperative to Igele, he
departed.) Prod. Son. v. 30,
Tezar ikal, the afternoon he
came. (But this may mean,
Iqqal, he returned ?) na
Tikli, going, march, travel,
H. Tekeli, starting on
march, B. 125. But the
causative form seems to be
deponent, and supersedes the
primitive.

ve Sikel, cause to travel ;
also travel thou ; pr, Isa-
kel, he travels ; na Asikel,
a journey. Am^sakal or
Amasokal, pi, Imasukel,
a traveller, hence a mer-
chant, as ^fiTTopo^ in Greek.
Hence further (F.) Imis-
kal, he bartered, pr, Ita-
miskal; and na Amiskal,
barter.
Tukel, he lamented, pL XJke-
len, H. 212.

vo depon, Sikel, sob, moan,

H. 181. Frequentativein

F. Iskalal, he wailed, pr,

Isakkalal. Yet see under

Iklel.

£kel, pass the day ; opposed to

Ens, pass the night, especially

avoid the heat of the day ;

as Arab. Qayyil. 8 fern, pi,

Eklanet, H. 136. aor. Ikla,

pr. Ikella? na Takellant,

H. B. has Ut pi fid, Aden-
ikkel, aor, \st pi, Nikkela,
aor,2nd8ing,TQ\^\e^, Hence
perhaps Amikli, dinner, F.,
as Amensi, supper, from Ens.
Ikkul, he heeds, cares, H. 205.
Ekkulec H. 183 (Ekolaf, B.)
I care, na Takedt, care, pi,
Tikalin, F. [This verb is
also Haussa, Ktda, care ;
Schon.] Barth also has Ekul-
lefas, ** I embrace him ; " qu.
I care /or him, cherish him ?
More strangely still, " Kulet
aisini, take my horse through
the river : " qu. from a root
Kulet? From Ikkul, he
heeded, perhaps is derived
through a form Isuyakal, the
complex verb Simisuyakal,
remember thou, in B. 84.

(2) Takalt, in F., a foot mea-
sure. One may conjecture
that it comes from the Arab.
Xil, a (dry) measure, mis-
understood.

(3) Takalt, talk,— twice in B.
27. Perhaps formed from
Arab. Qal, he said ; Qaul, a
saying ; and Taqalt was
meant by B. It may be
noticed that Shaw gives
Aqual in place of Awal {vox)
in Eabail.

Ekkel, deventr, become, H. 60.
Ikawelen, participial, dark of

colour. Arab, yellow dun,

or tan, tawny.
Akli, a black, a negro, pi,

Iklan; fern, Taklit, pi, Tik-

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TUABIK YEEBS AND TEBBALS.

153

letin. Venture de Paradis
spells it with q not k ; per-
haps for Shilha.) Amana-
kli, possessor of a slave.

IklelFnaAsiklel, insult, H.217.
This must be the dialect of
Tuat, while for that of Ghat
see Yukel.

Iklokalo, pr. Itiklukala, it con-
tains, F.

Akelis, mince (the meat), £.
173.

Ikom ? pr. Itikom, he roots up,
B. 186.

Ikma? pr. Ikme, it hurts,
afflicts, E. Ikmahi, it pains
me, £. Ikman, painful;
Ikmiman, d*- F., tia Tikma,
F. (Ghadamsi Ikma, he
burnt.)

Ekeminkem, roll up, B. 184.

Ikemaret, (the gun) is loaded,
B. 145. Possibly for Arab.
£ammaret.

Ekmas, pack together, H. 214.
Arab. Kebbix.

Ikmet, pr. Ikemmet? pick,
gather.
vp Itukemmet, H., ter.

Ekmex, itch, na Okumax, B.
See the next.

Ekmey, scrape, scratch, na
Akamay, H. (Arab. Ekmex,
pinch.) Okumax, itching,
B. 197.

Ekni, make, do, work, mend,
make up, B. 166 ; aor. Ikna,
pr. Ikanna, Ikann, H. pr.
Itdkan, F. But pr. Ikna,
Ikkena, it makes, B. 38, and

p. 621. Politically, Ikann,
he works, yj>r, he administers
the government. Wa ye-
kannan, the workman; cdso
Wa tiknan, F. d°- Ma d
iknaf, what shall I do? B.
So with future sense, F. —
Md kanaf ? Md nekan ?
vr Emmeken, mutual deal-
ing? an arrangement, joint
action, ** a transaction," a
compromise; ?ienee peace,
H.
Ekni, make, appears in Barth's
Serku as a factor in some
compound verbs. Thus B.
194, "I join, Nek asmokas-
akkanet ; '' \^that t«, I make
to meet, from Imokas, it
met, and Ikanna, he makes] :
B. 169, " The fire is going
out, Efeu tismaket, Efeu
tismakit ; efeu war (?) iken-
asmaket ; akkenes asismaken
efeu." JOn the third ren-
dering I can say nothing.
In the second if we omit
war as an error, we see Iken
compounded with Asmaket,
however superfluous.] B.
168, 1 kindle the fire, Aken-
asserafefeu. [Aserraf alone
seems to suffice. Aken is so
superfluous, as to suggest
that the Serku was here
spoken by some one who
mingled foreign idiom.]
Ikna 7according to H.), "it
does, i.e. Enough ! Enough !
But Fw calls Ikna a superla^

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154

TITABIE VEBBS AND TEBBALS.

tiveformy by wMcli lie seems
to mean the English very^;
also he interprets it, Yery
well I All right ! 8ee Ifna,
it contents, it suffices; 'of
which it may be a corrup-
tion, or indeed of Arab.
Iqnas. As in Negro English
'Aplenty good" is said for
' * very good, " perhaps at Ghat
the form '* enough good "
may pass for the same. —
Indeed, Ugeda enough means
also very with Barth.

Yakun, he admired,^. Itukan,
F. na Tukunt, admiration,
Yekun, Akunen, inquisitive,
F. TakSnit, a wonder, B.

Iknef, it is roasted, na Akanef.
vo Seknef, roast thou.

Eknes, dispute thou, quarrel,
etor. Iknas, pr. Ikannas, na
Akanas, qusirrel, Amkannas,
quarrelsome, a wrangler.

Ikintihe (refat), he winnows,
B, 188. (Eefat is for Arabic
reHat, wind. Ikintihe may
mean, he fans, or he invites.)

Aker, steal, aor, Yuker, pi,
()kS,ren, B., pr. Itiker, pe.
Yukeren, na Tikera, stealth,
Tokar, theft, B.
vp Ituaker, or Imiker. Ad
imiker, it will be stolen.
Timaken, they are habitu-
ally stolen, surripiuntur.

Tekerat, complaint? censure ?F.

Ikeru, Ikerukeru, he gnawed,
H.

Ikanu, Ikaurau, it was rent,

B. With final -et, Eixaba
karrawet, the skirt is torn,
B. 198. Ikauraww {eit^.)
it breaks asunder, B. 214,
perhaps the participle : also
pr. irregular, or frequenta-
tive, Itc^tarau, it is shattered.

Ikrebbet, he tastes, H. 217.
aor, Ikerbet?

Ikrel, he shaved or scraped (a
pen), B. 173, he shaved on
a turning lathe, H. 60 (Heb.
Karat, Arab. QaraS, nip off,
pare, cut close). Hence,
probably in slang, AmakaraX,
a plunderer, na TukerSi,
plundering, theft. See Aker.

Ikeref , he picketed (his camel)
H., but passively Ikerafen,
are picketed, B. Hence (?)
quasi Mphal? Tinekeraft,
** sitting with bent legs," B.
squatting ?
vc Sinekeraf, squat thou, B.

Ikreh,^r. Ikerrah, he obtained,
acquired, F. Ikerh6, he has
espoused, H. 35, perhaps as
Nactm est (uxorem), cepit,
duxit. So in Kab. Yufa
Gama/pf u9. Yet see Ikres.

Ikeruked, he was overmodest,
H. TJr tekerukedem, be not
timid, Tekraket, H. Teke-
raket, B. bashfulness. Pro-
bably for Tekrakedt, Teke-
rakedt.

Karkar ?

Si tekrikert, " de travers," H.
125, crosswise, perversely.
Kerker, imp. go across ?

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TUABIK TEBBS AND TEBBALS.

155

perhaps with a how or other
xnachme, card and comb
across. Hence, clean (cotton)
B. pr, Itekarkar, B. 165,
and fl, Tikerukaren, cleansed
cotton, B. Tekarkaraf, I cut
(a pen), B. 173, perhaps, I
scrape. Bee IkreL

Ekeral, put on, fasten on (lug-
gage), B. (Eregel?)

Ikaram, fem. Tekeram, (a cow)
lies down, B.

Ikeres, (Xab. he knotted, na
Tikerest, a knot). In Tu.
an unendurable ambiguity is
reported.

(1) Ikres, he espoused (a wo-
man), as in Kab. ipr. Ikerres,
H. 95, 96, 159. 8ee Ikreh.

(2) Ikerres, pr. he deceives
(entangles in a noose, in-
veigles ?) BE. 47 ; pr, Itdka-
ras, he seduces (a woman), B.
117. »« Tikurrast, trickery,
H. Compare Tikerkas of
Shilha.

vo of wr f Simikerisset, tinp.
pi. ** fold ye (knot or en-
twine ye)" your fingers
" religiously," B. 92.
Ikret? {l)pr.9 Ikurret, goes
astray : (the ball) swerved, B.
vo Sikerret, lead astray, H.
214.
(2) pr, Akerittef, I tickle, B.

115.
Ikeruzen, pe. narrow, H. 216.

Amekrez, a defile.
Ekkes (Fr. ote), take away,
pull off, pxill out, rescue.

Ikkes, Lat. ademit, exemit,
pr. Itekkas, H. F. take off
(clothes), lay down (arms),
B. 162. na Okus, F. In
B. 99 perhaps Etagozaf, I
take off (a load) ought to be
Etakosaf;, from this root.
vp Akasen, are stript off, B.

206.
Yekus, it is hot, F. pc. Ikktisen,
hot, BE. Wakusen, hot, B.
na Tukkese, H. Tuksi, F.
Tak5s, B. heat.
vo Isekkus, he heated, H.

B. 167 has Iksahi aman,

heat for me the water;

less accurate than Sekkus-

ahi aman.
IksuX, he feared, pr. IteksoX, B.
IteksaS, F. «a TuksoJi, Tuk-
8e2a, alarm, danger. Amek-
su2, timorous, a coward.
vo Seksu2, frighten thou,

raise alarm.
vp ImseksuS, he was alarmed.
vr EnimseksuJen, they

frightened one another.
Iksen, he hated, pr. Ikassen. '
vr Enimeksenen, they hated

mutually.
Ika86as, splintered? pierced?
B. 2 1 1 . (Kab. Iqqes, prick,
sting.)
Iket? Ikti? hence pr. Ikaten
enSli, they buy millet, B.
150, and '^ Ekataf erelan,
I measure, B. 193.'' [B.'s
"erelan** means " ifellan,"
yards, ells. Thus we may
in both places render Ikat,

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156

TVAXLK TEBB8 AKD YEEBALS.

he measures, if ''measuring
out grain" may mean "buy-
ing" grain; then "yards"
or "ells" is added, to show
when lonff measure is meant.
— Else, in both places, Ikat
may mean "he takes," not
eapit, but sumtt Just so, in
Turkish, take (at the market)
for hut/, and in Latin Emo,
which originally meant/ ^a^tf,
has trans^rred that sense to
Demo, Adimo, Eximo, and
suggests only, I buy.]

Whether Ikaten is of the
same root as the following
Ikti, is a new question ; just
as whether Latin Metier,
Mensus, is allied to Mens;
and Greek fiirpov (with Ho-
mer's afWTov for a/ierpov)
is of the same root as /jltjti^;.
Here we can only say. It is
possihhy that if Ikti means
he measured, it is the source
of Amekti, mind, memory.

Ikted, he remembered, H. 141
(Kab. Ekei, AmekGi), the
final d is pronominal ?
vo Isimikta, he calls to mind,
B. 84.

Iktal, he tied up sheaves — he
sheaved (the fields), pr. Ya-
kittil, B. 189.

Kayetan, pass near, chse to f

l^okedten, we pass, Kayetannaf,
I pass. See Denkai and
TJkai.

Ekx, eat thou (Kab. Etx), aor.
Ikza, pr Itatt. Taten, they

eat, Ikzan, having eaten,
Itatten, part.pr. eating. Wa
ikzan, he who ate.
vp Inekxa, Imekxa, is eaten ;

(the money) is spent. Also
vp Ituekxa, pr, Itmekxa, H.

Awakxi, H. Axekxu, B.

food, na Tit^ti, eating.

El, have thou ;pc, Ilan, hating,
Ur, ili, he has not. Ma
ilan ? qms hahet ? Ma ila ?
quid hahet iUe ? Ma k ilan ?
quis te possidet ? H. a rare
verb. F. does not notice it.
B. once has Lan, 73, which
must mean hahent. From
his lips I learnt that Ha in
composition means Having,
as Ilehan, having a home,
i,e, married. B. Prod. Son,
V. 11, ilaroris, having chil-
dren. In F. p. 37, WdteUd
{sic) seems to mean Quid
habes ?

Ili, be thou. Wa illan, who-
ever or whatever exists.

Ilia, he is or was. na Ilaut,
existence. [In Tuarik, it
seems that Hla, as the copula
of logic, is superseded by
Temiis ; Hla meaning There
is, There was.]

Yola, he granted, accorded, pr*
Itulu, F.

lyyel, he divorced, set free,
Ben Musa.

Awal, utterance, saying (Lat.
vox). Amawal, crier, herald.

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TUARIK YEBBS AND VEEBALS.

157

vc Isiwel, Isiul, he spoke,

pr Isawal.
vr Imsewalen, they, talked
together, pr, Timsawalen.
Amsawal, an echo.
Hiu ? he was merry, pi. Ele-
wen; Elewef, I rejoice, Ut
pi IN'elewet (with et final).
adf Olewet, happy.
vc Teslawit, thou hast given
joy. — ^AllfromB. (iS^^^also
Iddiwet or Iddu.) Com-
pare the two following
roots.
Yelwa, it is broad, ample ; adv,
amply, F. B. too has Olua,
/. Tolua, spacious. [The
connection of Width with
Ease is not rare ; see Igerau :
and in Greek hidyxxnf; is
used for relaxation, merri-
ment. Also in modem Greek
from x«wo9, loose, flabby,
. comes 'xavv(0(n<;, relaxation.
Therefore this root Yelwa
may be the source of Elewen,
Olewet. But here the root
Iddiwet perplexes us.] See
lluelue.
Yelu, he was strong. Elwan,
they are powerful, numerous.
Nelwa, we are strong. Elu,
elephant, pi, Mwen, all from
H. [The likeness of Elu to
Heb. Elef and eX,6<^9, can
hardly be accidental. Hodg-
son would connect Elephant
with Kabail Ilef, hog ; which
in Venture is Arabized into
ELIlaluf.]

Elwi, lead, lead away. [Awi,
Awwi, looks like a corrup-
tion of this root.] drd pi,
aor. Elwiyen; pr, 2nd pi,
Teluyem, H. 188, again, pr.
Itilui, 158,^ but in F. pr.
Ilawwi. Elwined, H. 230,
for Elwiyen id, they have
led hither.
Yuli, in Kab. he went aloft. In
Tu. perhaps rather. It was
aloft. Yulai, is is suspended,
H. 185, pendet,
vo Suli, lift up (the heart),
B. as in Kab. Likewise
Selik (Suli(;?)I hung up
(dishes), B. 178.
Yulehe, B. Yule, H. (the
longer form seems to be the
older) was alike, pc, Yulan,
being like ; Ulan, they are
alike, H. 53, 133.
vo Isula, he assimilated, H.
205. Amalehen, similar,
B. Tolam («»V), a like, F.
[This verb seems allied to
lulafen (below), and to
Ilha, of Shilha. The ideas
of likeness and of beauty
are connected in Old Eng-
lish Likely, also in Seemly;
so too in Greek.]
Alihe, cut (rice stalks), B. 187,
pr, It61ihe, Telihaf, I cut
(rice), B. 187, I shear (a
fleece), B. 180.
Ilbak, was lean, po, Bbaken, BE.

249.
Habas, he was ugly, it was
base : pc. Ilabasen, na Tela-

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158

TUABTC TEBBS AlTD TEBBALS.

bast. Taliy lebaset, risus
pravus, B. 74.
Ilbad ? ve Islebbat, he will

maltreat, H. 184.
"ElKelf suck the teat; said of

brutes, H. 60. See I^eq^.
Telaudat,/w».B.201, tends to ?
Ildex, he was weary, pr, Ilad-
dex, H. Ildax, B. na Teldexi.
Ilap, he tasted (sipped ?), Heb.
Las ; pr. Italaf, B. na Talaf,
B. 14. /8fdtflkrebbet,Yunidi,
Inbi.
Yulafen, pc. handsome, good,
na Tulefi. F. has Tolaf, na
Tuloq for Tuloft, Olafan
{pL) good. Harret ulagen
(ulapen?), a good thing, B.
40.
Yolfut, fern, Tolfut, difficult,
F. (weighty ?) m, pi. Olfein,
F. Talfat, dear of price, H.
233 (compare Ar. fali.)
vo Silcet, difficult, F. p. 29,
^w^difficulty, p. 45. (Per-
haps rather in both Sil(;et,
make difficidt.) Also in
p. 29, Asilgi, perhaps diffi-
culty. [Not in H., nor
inB.]
Ulifet, he charged, exhorted,
H. 176, 187, 278. na Talfa,
a command, 'F.,pl. Tilfiwen.
Alihe ; see after Yule, Yulehe.
[Ilqay, Kab. deep.] Telak,
deep channel of a river ; deep
water, B.fem. verb Telkayat,
(the boat) dipped under, i.e.
foundered, B. 211. va Elka-
waf, I scoop up (dip into)

water? B. 175. Possibly the

k in B ought to be q, as in

Kab.

1^.B. Telak and Ilkau are

here related in sense nearly as

in English deep and dip.

Alii, free, B. (but qu. rather
Alelli ?), /em. TeleUit, a free
woman, a high-bred she-
camel, H., pi. llelliyen, free
men, H. Elulif, I am free.
!N"elu^^, we are (become?)
free. Akeli nellll (for Eli
Ian ?), a freed slave, B. 96.

Ilal, H., Yelil, F., he aided,
pr. Itilal, F. na Telilt, aid.
Ilala, pi. Il^len, baggage,
B. Emiyelel, auxiliary, F,
vr pi. Enimalalen, they aided
one another.

Alii, a follower, one obedient,
a vassal, H. [in strange con-
trast to Free. ; see above].

Elilal (sic B. 105), obedient,
and Elilaf, I follow, pe. Ili-
len, following ; but taking a
direction, B. 204. -
vcf Isellilet, straight.

Iselilen, even, flat, also Ne-
sauel (?), d<»- B.

Jluela? went wide? SeeYelwa.
vc Sellelue irriwi, let go the
cord, B. ; also Sellelueraf,
I let go (with r), B.

Elek inek, welcome to you!
H. 157. {Mek seems to be
a noun.)

Yolekwial, he hastened, B.
(trotted ?) Arab. Leklek.

Elk? Elked? Elken, they de-

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TUABIK TEBBS AND YEBBALS.

159

spisedy H. 181. na Telkedi,
contempt. Yet B. Ill, Ha-
kad, seems to be, He praises.
See Ulifet.

Ilkem, he followed, H., B.
(attended, F.), pr, llkam,
(Uekkam, E.) also Itelkam,
pi. Telkamen, H. 261. past
pe, Ukemen, pr. pc. Ilka-
men. Noun llkam, the fu-
ture, H. 205.

IluUen, (a vulture) hovered?
B. 226.

111am (Lat. torsit), he twisted,
twined, turned on a lathe;
(YeUim, Y. Shilha ? he
spun), pr. Itellem, B. Tel-
lemin, they twine (ropes),
B. pc, lUamen, " bien tour-
n6," H. 219, i,e. cylindrical.

limed, he learned (Heb. Arab.)
pr. I lammed, na Elmed. [Te-
lamld, pupils, from Arabic]
Alemmad, Analmad, learner,
H. 106, 107.

vo Iselmed, he taught, pr.
Isalmad. ["I will teach
him, or make him learn,"
is used for, I will subdue
him, break him in.] na
Asalmad.

LemiS, supple, elastic, F. na
Telmuii. Yet

Lemma£an, pi. poor, H. 214.

Ilmar, went away, B. 224;
but qu.

Ilamisli, (the bird) carols, B.
214.

Ilmez, he swallowed, pr. Ilem-
mez, H.

vp Ituelmez. Alemmaz,
Analmaz, a glutton, H. —
F. has "Ilamuz, deep,"
i.e. no doubt, "it swal-
lows," as a gurges or
swamp. Alemmuz, fod-
der, H.

Yelimzagen, pe. cool, F.

Iwilingwal, he fanned, B. 194.

Ilenet? pr. Itellent, he ban-
dages (wounds), B. 142, but
see Illam.

Elluq, be poor, EUupet, lecome
poor; (so H. 67) aor. Illu-
qet. pr. Itilluqet. No light
is thrown on the change from
f toq.

Hare or Har, he acquainted,
informed, B. 89. Alaret-
ahi, B. 112, confession to
me ? (Very obscure.)

Ills, the tongue, may be the
source of the verb,

Yules (Yolis, B.) he repeated,
iteravit. Olis, repeat thou,
B. 156. Tules, she re-com-
menced, H. 134, ^(j. Yiilesen,
having re-commenced, B. 2 1 4,
pr. Itules. (Kab. HP 232,
A A alesef, I will tell again.)
In B. Prod. Son, Tules, Nolis,
(verbs) supply the adv. again.
Also Smalis, repeat thou, B.
156. F. has "Telsedas,
again," in which -edas is
unexplained. B. Prod. Son
V. 21, Dar tulis (sic), in
repetition, over and above.

(2) This verb takes a second
sense, as Recount j in which

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160

TUi.BIK YEBBS LSJ> VERBALS.

the idea of Ee, a^ain, is

lost. Talesen, "onraconte,"

H., they tell, relate, report.

So XJlesen, they narrated;

Tules, she recounted. Ale-

saf, I reported, H. 178, 182,

273.
(3) Tilist, sloumesa of tongue,

£. 632, from His, tongue,

the diminutive expressing

deficiency.
Els (Elsu, B.), dress thyself,

aor, Ilsa, pr. Ilass, na Te-

lessi. Iselsa, garments, B.

633; Ilexxan, (sicB., 219),

d"- Isilsahin, d°- F.

vp Imelsa, it has been worn.
In Ghadamsi, Timelsit,
clothing.

vc Sels, clothe (another), pr,
Iselus.
Laz, hunger; Ellaz, be hungry,

aor. lUuz, pr. Itellaz, BE. 77.

Amelluz, a starveling.

M.

Em, die, H. (Coptic Mu). Im-
ma, he is dead. pc. Wa im-
man, 6 Oavoiv, the dead
(man). . See Immut. — Barth
has this verb in metaphor
only, Alan amin, the leaves
are dead (?).

Emay, the living (God), B.
Perhaps from Arab. Hay,
come EmUay, Emay.

Temayet, na gratitude, B.

Imbek, (the water skin) is
pierced, B, 199.

Ember, travel by night. See
Enber.

Imda (Imeda, B.), is finished.
Ur imdi, it is not finished.
TJr mada, no longer. Ur
madef (with another verb),
none the more, K. 188. Imda,
pL Emdan, for all (ira^f
7rdvT€<;, tout, tons), F. pr.
Imaddu, F.

vc Isemda, he completed, he
annihilated ; as Lat con- .
fecit, Engl, despatched,
finished, made an end of.
Simdef, I fini^, B. 155,
3 p. Isimde.

Amidi, comrade, etc. See Idiu.
AmawaS, see EwaX.

Yumdi, he tasted, B.

Yumad, pray to God, na Tu-
rn ad, Timad, solemn prayer.
[Moslem addresses to God
are pratsey Ar. Hamad.
Hence perhaps Umad.]

Medan, account, F.

Madanes? Danes? Ismadanes,
(the goat) bleated, B.

MaSruin, small [young, Ben
Musa] {See InSurren, and
Kab. £dru-s). Ama£arai,
younger (brother). ImaSray,
he despised (be-littled), F.
pr. Itamairay, Timaierit,
smallness?. F. ImaZroInen,
feWyfem. TimaSroinen. [In
strange contrast, EmeSer,
important, F.] Also Ama-
drui, stranger, H. Kab. Gr.
p. 349, with soft d.

Imogen, he dined, H. (Eme-

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TUAEIK VERBS AND VERBALS.

161

genen, pi, H. 141), rather
he took a meal? Amagin,
supper, F. (a meal?).
ve Isemgen, he fed (horses),
H. 69.

Emger, vn receive hospitality,
H. 106. In Kab. gather
crop. fM Temegeri, hospi-
tality, 261.

Amagar, a guest, ^/. Im^areu,
H. 73, 106, 249, 256; also
B. But H. 250, host, not
guest. In Kab. Gamagra,
harvest, Gamafra, festivity.
For Amgar, a contest, see
under Ger.

Imfa, he went up and down,
pr. Itamaf, B. TJr abuk imki
(imp?), will not go down,
B. Yummaf, he searched,
sought, pr. Itammap. Imfa
and Yummap seem to belong
to the same root, though
slightly distinguished. (So
eiSov and oiBa in Greek.
Yunaf and InaAi in Kab.
combine the ideas of Search-
ing, and Traversing. {See
Egmi.)

vo Yesummaf, he asked for,
sought. [In Kab. Immef,
he rushed, seized : in Shilha
he fought.]

Imfunen, Impanen, he disputed,
pr, Itimfunen, na Tamfunant,
Tam(;anent, F.

Ampar, a chief, an elder, pL
Im(tiren. Perhaps a variety
of Amuqqar, great. Temfart,
lady, dame, woman, pi. Tim-

farin. nrtTeme[;eri,Tem|;erin,
greatness, grandeur (but
Temper, ability, F. perhaps
authority ?). Amparin, fa-
ther, F. (a respectftil name,
as in English Governor for
Father ?) See Maqqar.
ve Isemper, he honored, B.

Yemfut, artful, skilful, F. (If
it be from Yummaf, Im(;a,
one might expect rather
Active or Inquisitive.

Imhai, he met, pr. Itimhai, H.
(For this B. has Yemokas.)

Imhal, a doubtful root.

(1) Yemihal, F. he is busy,
active, which I have referred
to Ihle.— Dialect of Ghat.

(2) Imhal, he thrust, drove, H.
126.— Dialect of Tuat.

(3) B. 147, 195, dialect of
Serku, seems to give to the
root the sense oi straight and
worthy. War esin isineme-
hel, he knows not to aim.
Isnemehel, he directed (his
gun) well. Sinnemehel,
^traight on, B. 195. £s
inemehel, directly, straightly,
na Tanemahla, vis d, vis, a
confronting. Also Isimehal,
he is worthy, he deserves ;
but in Prod. Son, v. 19, War
issimmemdhalaf; {sic\ and v.
21, War issimmahalai;, I am
not worthy. Again, Anim-
mehel dirs, it is worthy :
Wadaf animmehal ahastau-
yet yewalafen, this is worth-
less, B. 195.

11

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162

TUASIK YEBBS Ain) YEBBALS*

Imahwar, lie conyeyed, pr.
Itamahwar, F. Possibly for
Imaywar, which yet will not
well yield this sense.
Imehex, is spent, has yanished,
B. 196.

ve Ixmahix, by attraction for
Ismahix, he destroyed, B.
221. Compare the first
letter in Barth's Xirgex,
Xikerax, Xinkex.
Imiklo, he dined, F. from
Amikli, dinner ; which sug-
gests Heb. and Arab. Akel,
eat ; but rather is likely to
be from Ekel, which see,
Yemiklulu, it is bright, F.
Imukkan, it is certain, H. but
Imdkan, it may be, B. The
latter suggests Arab. Yomkin,
it is possible; the former
guides to Aqqan, bind, and
Arab. Taqin, certain. The
Kab.yerb Imken, he reached,
throws no Hght.
Emmeken, compromise, etc. See

Ekni.
Imaket, a root peculiar to
Barth, 169, which much
needs clearing up. Imaket,
(the fire) is gone out. Ite-
mekatit, it is going out (?).
vc Ismakket, he put out (the
fire) ; and deponenty Tisma-
ket, (the fire) is going out.
Also Akkenes asisma^^
and War ikenasmaket in
B. apparently without
translation. [^See Iken-
asser, under Irra.]

Imokas, he met, pr, Itimokas,
B. as Kab. Imugar. — ^But
F. gives Yemukus, he die-
missedy pr, Itimukus. From
Ekkes?

Mell, come (as in Songhay),
pi. Mellit, B. Emmalef, I
come; Malen, they arrived,
H. 179, 250.

Mell, be white, H. Anulel,
white, F. pc. adj. Imellen,
pi. Imellulnin {eic). na Te-
melli, H. Timella, ^ekd^
spender ? H. [Fd^ Si tame-
lilt, in turn, H. which re-
minds us of Kab. Gallit, and
verb Walla.]

Amel, denote by word or ges-
ture. Amelahi, tell me. aor.
Yumel,^/.TJmelen, they told.

Melea, geld (a male animal), B.
Perhaps only cut, slash ; for
B. has also

vc Ismellu, draw back (the
throat) to cut it.

Mulet, kiss thou, H. Temulit,
a kiss, B.

vr pi. Enimmulaten, they
kissed each other, H. Also
Emoleraf (Emoletaf), I
kiss, B.

Ameni, comparison, F. etc., see
Eheni.

Yeman, he appeared (on sum-
mons ?), F. pr. Ituman.
Compare Shilha.

Manna, year of dearth, Ege-
manna, barren, Emunnet,
fertile, B. (A strange triplet.)

Iminda, he finished, F. {J&ee

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TUAMK YEBBS AND YEBBALS.

163

Imda) pr. Itaminda. na
AmindU; conclusion, E. Also
as vn confectm eat, he was
worn out ; hence with F.
old. Imende, vn or vp, (food)
is all gone, B. 196; also (a
tribe) is extirpated ; (a dress)
is torn to shreds. B. indeed
giyes a passive sense to the
vo Isimende, (the tribe) is
scattered; also has Asimande,
a man with a torn dress:
qtuisi a ragamuffin.

Emauna, Emanomau, shut the
eyes and have a vision, B.

Imendaf, vn he took lodging
for the night, B.

Iminak, see under Inak.

Amenokal, military leader, im-
perator,=Agallid, Axlid. na
TamenSkal, government, in-
vestiture with power ? the
chief officers. Enim5kal ?
pr. Itinm5kol (stCy B. 125),
invest with authority.

Imunxaf, he envies, B. 116.

Maqqar, large, great, pe. Imaq-
quran, fern, Tamaqquret, pi.
Imaqumen. This form seems
to express rather physical
greatness, and Am|;ar, moral
superiority.

Imere, /. Temere, is eclipsed,
B. p. 619. [Atamar, hope?
F* p. 41. Tamara, violence ?
mal gri ?] Also Imira, it is
open, from verb Ar. — Ame-
re, thing written ? from An,
write thou. — Ameri for
Amerhi, friend ; root Irha.

Margar ? vc Ismargar, he started
early, B. See Inxaya, Ihaya.

Mormor ? Ismormor, he took a
ride, B. 63. pr. Ut p.s. Ad
sumor5mora(*.

Mus, go thou, B. so in Shilha.
B. 235, has, " That is a dif-
ferent thing, "Wadef amus
harret ;" which seems to
imply, Yamus, alters fOhaages,
the affair. Har amos {i,e.
yemos), until it become, be
made, B. 143, is perhaps
the following.

Yemus, in H. and F., is the
logical copula is ; Ilia mean-
ing, He exists. Musen, are,
Ur tumas, she was not. Ye
musen, pc. being. Ma temu-
sed kai ? who art thou ? Ma
yemus enta ? who is he ? F.
— ^Barth twice in Prod. Son,
has d amusaf, "be called"
— perhaps **be.^*

Amiskal, na barter ? See Ikal.

Imsel, it touched, H. 217, de-
filed?

Emmet, die thou {See Em),
aor. Yemut, Immut, pr. Ite-
metti, fut. Ad immet. na
Tamettant {sic), H. Ta-
mantant (sic), B., Tamu-
taut, F., death.

Amawat, adult, see EwaX.

Imsan ?
vc Isamasen, he holds back
(his horse), B.

Metan, genuine, Duv. (Ghat).

Amutesa, cowardly, F. (full of
liver, T6sa?). Yemutased^*

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164

TUASIS VEKBS AlTD YEKBALS,

a&aid, F. Amutso, coward-
ice, B. TamuttiS; danger
(alarm?), B.

vr pL Anemettesen, they
were mutually afraid, B.
138.
Imexal, he travelled, na Ta-

mexalet, B. 195, Also,
Anamaxal, a messenger, en-
voy, pL Inimixalen, B. See
also Inmazalen under Ihle ;
which suggests that Yuyal,
Yuxal, Yuhal is the root of
all.
Imezzi, he parted from ; Ime-
zey, he decided, pr. Ita-
mezey, F. ; also
vo Izimze, he distinguished,
pr. Izdmize, F. These
appear to be developments
of Arab. Miz, distinguish.
But B. 96 Izimm^ze, he
has divorced (his wife),
qu. caused her to part
from him? This sense
goes very wide of the
Arabic.

N.

In (Ena, F.), say thou, oar.
Inna, pr. Igenna. Ad yini,
he will say. Wa innan,
6 ehrwVf he who said or
told. Gennan, they say, for,
they call or entitle, na Ti-
nant, sayiug.

Endya, see, etc. LooktoEheni.

Yenay, (it is) new, F. pc, adj.
Yainaiyen, new, H. 237.

Ehe inayna, new tent, B.
Compare Greek v^o.
Inay, he rode (Kab. Inigi).
Aniyet, mount ye! Nayaf,

1 ride, (^r. B.) also Itinne,
he rides, B. [Itenhi, he
sees, under Eheni.] Enin,
they rode, H. 210. Amnay,
a rider, pi, Imnayan. Ine-
menniyen, cattle for riding,
B.

ik» Awan, reserve, modesty,

H. 222.
iki? Ewen, state, condition,

H. 237.
Iwan, Yun, he ascended,
climbed up, B. H., imp,
Eun, H., Awen, B. ; aor.

2 f.B. Teunad, H., 1 p.», pr.
Tewinaf, I mount, 3 p.%.
Itewin, he mounts, B. Ama-
wen, a mounter, i.e. a rider.
{See under Inay.)

ve Isiwen, il fit monter, H.
Kaiwen, we are satiated, etc.

See Egiun.
Inbi, he tasted, sipped, H. 256.
Enbel, bury thou, H. 78, pr.

Inabbel, na Anabel. Anab-

bel, burier, sexton.
Inbej? pr. Inabaj, beats (as

hail), B. 620.
Enber (Ember), travel by night,

pr. Inabbar. [Also, feed by

night, H. 71, which is very

confusing.] Anenbar, night

traveller.

vo Senber, cause to travel by
night. [Yet Simbara, set
loose. See Ibra.]

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TUiltllC VEEBS Ain) VERBALS.

165

Inidet, he heated, B., pr, Ina-
det. na Tinedet, B., Tinedi,
H., febrile heat, fever.

IneS, [InheS?] he consulted,
pr. ItineS, H. 255. na Ta-
na'p, counsel, H. (Tanhad,
B.) Frequentative. Imindu-
dan, meditations, B. Ager
tanhad, give advice {cast ad-
vice), B. 32.

Inuddem, he dozed, was sleepy
(as Kab.), pr. ItenedSm, B.
46.

Inder, he refused, B. he balked?
Tinderas, (the camel) refused
{to him ?) B. But Ham. 147
renders Inder, **he was
stronger or braver than'*;
(where **he balked him*'
would satisfy the context.)
vo Isindar, he threw down,
B. 144, rejecity dejecit.

fEnnadir, oftener; Sennadir,
frequent ; (strange, while in
Arabic, Nadir means rare,)

InZurren, little; A indurren,
TO jULiKpov, a little, a few;
for a little while. Prod. Son.
[The form is participial ; from
root Iniurr. See Ameirui].
F. has An£uran, a little;
Ayen26ran, small, pi. Ima-
Xroinen. Taliad andurret, a
young girl, B. 96.

TJnef, subs, desire, H. IwTnefi,
he desired to see, H. 223.

Infu, it suits, BE. 184; it pro-
fits, B. Probably this is only
the Arabic Kefas.

Nefren ? Isnefren, F. Isenni-

fren, H., he chose. Possibly

a compound of Isen, he knew

and I&en, he chose.
Infel, he hurt, harmed ? pr.

Ineffel. XJr ten neffelen,

they will not have hurt

them, H. 237.
Infer, he rolled? pr. Inafar,

(the horse) rolls, B. 216.

Inafar toraft, he rolls the

boat, B. 210.
Tanfost, na a fable, a story.
Inueiffem. Tinnft, it is cooked, F.

B. H. pr. Itenan, F. pc. Innan

(IgnaD,B. 167), ripe, cooked.

na Tinena, cookery. [The

n in this fiEunily must be

sounded, if not as n^ in

English Eing, then as gn in

Italian.!

vo Isinni, he cooked, baked,
pr. Isaniia, F. Asinni, a
cook or baker, pi. Iseniiin,
Wa yesennin, pc. d**' Com-
pare Shilhalsna, he dressed
food.
Tisenanit, baking, i.e. heating

power (of sun's rays), B.
Ingu, Inju, it bellowed, pr.

Inejju, B. na Tenegeut, a

roaring, F. See Egeu.
Ingay, it gushes. See Infel.

Angi, Enji, a torrent, B.

Angi, abundance, H. 39.
Ingad, he veiled himself, pr.

Inaggad, H. 258.
Engel, explain thou, H. 60.
Nef, behold! (a particle like

Latin En, Ecce ?) Nef win,

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166

TUAEIK TESB8 AlTD TEBBALS.

behold him, Nef tin, behold
her.
Enf, kill thou, aor, Infa, pr.
Inaf Enfif, I killed, Wa in-
fan, tcreiva^^ he who slew-
t;^ Itunef, Ituenf ; pi. Tuen-
{on, they have been killed,
H.
vr pL Enimenjien, they killed
one another. AnemaD[;a,
B. Anemenfi, H. battle.
Ayet ademan^an, let them
fight, B. 138.
Infel, gushed out, (so Kab.),
pr, leaks, B. 210, frequenta-
tive. Iniialnafel, leaks dan-
gerously.

vc Sinfel, pour out ; (Isinge,
leaks, B. 199) hut SuDfel
aman, cause (water) to
gush, B. 175, bale out
water, B. 192. [B. 172
has " Sanahel, throw ; '* a
word which seems to mean
"facilitate." One might
correct it to Sanafel, if
Sunfal can be fitly ren-
dered ^/»^ out (water).]
vo Isinfal, he ploughed, F.
but we may suspect that
it means he watered ; this
being the chief need in
cultivating.
Enfem ? pr, Srd pL Enefmen,

they aflten, H. 223.
Enhi, see. Refer to Eheni.
Eiihi, worship, do homage ? H.

149.
Inhaggen, pleasing, H. 219.
See Ihaget.

Enhil, be easy, H. 60. Nahll,

easy, fern. Tenahlleti F. tta

Tenheli, ease.

vo Yezinhel, he aided, F.

(facilitated?) na Azinhel,

[Esanahel, throw, B. from

some other root.]

Inka ? Isinkawen, boued meats,

H. Isinka, he boiled, stewed?
Nakk? (Heb. Naka, he smote)

Enakkan, they smote. Inak-

kahi, has overpowered me, B.
Inak [struck (a bargain) ?]. F.

has vr Animinak, (mutually)

convenient. Inminak, he

accommodated, pr, Anminak

(sic), qu Inmanak ? na

Ameknu, accommodation, F.
Enked, teaze, torment. (Arab.

Nekkit, teaze ; !N^ekkid sala,

deal severely with.)

vr Imenkad, he tormented
himself, H. 212, 241, pr.
Itamenkad, ItamanSkit
(aic\ it hurts, B. 227. na
Temankid, exhaustion, B.
See the next.
Inka£, he mutilated, pr, Inek-

kaX. na TinkeXi. AnekkaS,

AmenkaZ, a cutter.

vp IminkeX, he was mutilated.
Taminket, a cutlet, B. p.
633. AmenkaZ, one cir-
cumcised, B. War ite-
manakit, lest it cut (or
gaU), B. 227.
Inikkal, moisture, B. 164.

Tenfkelwa, rich, F.
Inekamaf, he lay in bent form,

B.

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TXJABIK TEBBS AND VERBALS.

167

Enker, arise (primitiye of Kab.
Ekker), aor. Inker, pr. Inak-
ker, na Tenakrat, B.
vo Sinker, cause to rise ; ex-
plode (a mine), fire (a gun).

ilnkas, he sucked the breast,
^. Inakas, B.
ve Tesankas, she suckles. See
Ifef, ElieX.

Enhex? vo Izenkex, he ad-
vances, H. Xinkixin felle,
make place, B. 107.

Tanemirt, fM benediction, H.
259 (Root Inemar ?).

Inin, he confessed, pr, Ttinin,
F. (Not in H. nor B.) na
Tannunt, education, H. 218.

Taneqqist, fable, tale, pi. Ti-
n^qqes, H. 146. (Arab, sar-
casm, reviling.)

Enner, na honte, shame, H.
219.

Inra-hi, overpowers me, B. 21,
as in Shilha. See Irna.

Enrer teq^, wink thou the eye,
B. pL Enar6ren ni tafok,
dawn of day (viz. winkings
of sunlight ?) . H. has Afura
for the Dawn.

Aunar5naf, blink thou, B. na
Tenir5na(;at.

Eos, rest thou; eep. pass the

night, aor. Insa, pr. Inass.

Amensi, supper, B. p. 633.

(But see the next root.)

ve Isens, he caused to rest,

he placed, put, applied,

adjusted ; he encamped ;

pr. Isenus, H. 78. Isens,

Isensa, Isensi, has closely

the senses of Arab. Ilof^ ;
one more meaning is, he
omitted, H, 183, quasi,
deposuit.
Ense, eat largely ? Tenseat,

thou gobblest, B. possibly

hence Amensau, dinner^ of

H. 256, and Imensau, he

dined, H. 38, 256-7.
Enseg, wink thou, B. 45, See

Enrer, Aunarooaf.
Insakal-af, I put on, (induor

vestem) B. 160. [If we

render it, I change, and look

to root TJfil, and B.'s Sokal,

the In remains to be accounted

for.]
Inses, it soaks in. Possibly

vp for Imses, from Iswa, he

^ank. But see Inxex.
Eneti, na beginning, E. (From

Latin Initium ?)

vc Isinti, he began, pr. Isanta,
F. na Asinti, commence-
ment, F. aor. Isint, Asin-
taf, B. 154.
Ten6t^ket, na moan, B. 75,

from Entik ?
Enx-ahi, pardon me: Enxaf,

I pardon, B. 113.
Inxaya, he started early, B.

See Ihaya. na Tanxit.
Inxam, he betrayed? na Ta-

naxxemat, treason, H. 222.
Inxar, vn it blossoms, B. 206.
Inxex, it soaks in. Probably

from Arab. !N^axx, Naxxix.

But see Inses.
Eny, be saleable, aor. Inya, pr.

Inayya, pc. Wa inyan, what

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168

TUABIK YEBBS AND YEEBALS.

has been sold. Wa yenasf.
yan, what is on sale. [B
strangely has, Nazaf, I buy.]
vo Izeny, he has sold, pr,

Izenuy.
vp Ituzeny, it has been sold,

pr. Ituzenya. B. has

Xinx for Zeny.
Anazgum, sorrow (as in Xab.)]
B.
vc Tsenezjum, he is sorry, B

77.

Q.

Qub? Xuben fal-asen, they
make a circle round them,
B. 136. (Heb. and Ar. Qubba,
arch, vault.)

Aqqed, burn, va (Heb. Yaqad,
Ar. "Waqad), aor, Iqad, pr.
It^qad, E. na Tiqqedi, com-
bustion.

Ikdom (Iqdem ?), he drove (his
horse) on B. perhaps from
Arab. Qadam.

Iqqal (1) he waited, H. 141,
181, 205.

(2) he returned, vn akin to
Yufil, which in B. 109 ap-
pears as Yurel. pr. Itaqqel,
pc. Iqqelen. (B. does not
distinguish X from Q, and
writes Kalahi, come back to
me; Ekalaf, I come back,
i.e. pr. Iqal ?)

vo Suqil, fais revenir, H. 99.
Sokal (Soqal ?) B. 25, re-
cover, get back, cause to
go back, repay, replace,

restore. [The ambiguity
is awkward, if '* I recover
money,*' and "I repay
money," are both ex-
pressed by Soqal.] Sokal
tefalwat, shut the door, B.
{i.e. turn hack the door :
Err tawwort of Kab.) — na
Asokal (B.) "utterance,"
as in Latin, Yoce refert,
and Asokal (B), copying
(of a book).
Eqqim, Aqim, Fim, sit thou,

stay, remain : pr. Itaqqem,

na Tafimit, pc. Iqqimen.

vc Seqim, seat (a person).

[War aUmu har, B. 128.

Nothing remained but ?

Qu. No residm until. . . ?]

Iqqan, he tied, bound, fastened,

girded (the saddle), pr. Iqan

or Itaqqen,— Ituqan, F.

vp Ituaqqen. (Also Iqqan ,
passively, H. 181). B.
seems to mean Aqnaf {tie
the horse), where he has
Agiaf. E. has also IJfun
or A fan, a tie, cord, mesh,
and pi. Tiwof newen, liga-
tures.
Iqqur (Yaqor F.), it was dry

and hard, stiff, pr. Itofar, B.

Itafora, F. Aqqar, dry,

hard, solid, na Teqqerit,

hardness ; Tafart, F. dryness.

See Ibsar, dry, of things not

rigid, as a shirt.
Yaqerat (see Yefored), he was

well behaved, F. Aqeri, F.

(probably na) civility ? Ta-

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TTTABIK VEBBS AND VEEBALS.

169

fara, care, conduct, F. To
separate this root from the
preceding, is not easy. To
be sound in body and mind
may seem the cardinal sense.

Iqas, he clapt (hands), pr,
Itaqas, F. na Tiqast, F.
Tekast, B.

Eqquser, pay a fine.

vc Iseqqeser, he imposed a
fine, H. 50, 165, 18, pro-
bably from Arab. Qayar, a
deficiency.

Iqqaseas, pierced ? B. 211, with
h, (Kab. Iqqes, prick.)

E.

Yuar, Iwar, he was upon, H.
vc Suar, place upon; aor,
Isiwar, B. 99.

(2) Itawar, he collects; also
he hides, B. ; qu. as Latin
condit ? (Needs further ex-
planation.)

Ar, open thou, H. Ar hai,
untie me, H. 163, aor, Tura,
1 p, Urif, fut, 1 p, Adaref,
pr, Itayer, B. 123. Perhaps
he opens, begins.
vp Imira, it is open.

Ari, write thou, H. (Ghad.
XJraf), pr, Itari, aor, Yuri,
Turld, Urif, Urin, fut. Ad
yari, na Tiraut.
vp Ituari. Amere, writing?

thing written ?
ve Isiri, cause to write.

Eray, it is swollen, B.

Ira, Bee Irha, he wished, loved.

Irwu? perhaps moaned. 8ee

Irikku. [Eu, Kab. weep,

sob.]

vr Emerauen, they wailed
together, B. 128.
Iru, it is long since, H. Yeru,

ad/o, already, some while ago,

F. Arut, ancient, F.
Arau, offspring, ph Irawen,

H., ph Araten, fruits, B.

fern, 3 aor, Teru, peperit, pL

3 pr, Terunet. Kui, son

(Hodgson's Sergu). In B.

Eur, son.

vo Iseru, fecit par^re, H.
for pretended a birth.
Iran, he cuts out (a shirt), B.

184, he shapes? Compare

Ghadamsi Ira, he shaved.
Iraurau, frequentative, he rent,

tore (compare Ikaurau) cleft

(wood), B. 190.

t;(?Israurau, he broke through,
B. 136; spHt,B. 190. Ix-
marauran, he tears in
pieces, B. 221. Edid irar-
rawet, the waterskin is
torn, B. 199. fern, Anzar-
rawet, or Karrawet, is
torn, B. 198. Isarara-
wen, (hail) tearing (the
tents), B. 620.
Esiraurawen, B. 135, "they

raise the war cry," qu. they

pierce (the air) ?
Irra, it is hot. Heb. and Arab.

Ilarr. Irrar, it burns, vn

B. 130. Tarrut, heat of

the day, hour of heat.

vc Iserra, he heated, burnt.

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170

XXFABIK TEBBS AND YEBBAXS.

B. Iz^ruran, beams (of
sun), B. p. 619. Iken-
asser, he kindled, B. 168.
(Compound of Ikna, fe-
cit?)
Irbar, (the horse) stamped:
(the river horse) kicked
through (the boat), pr. Ira-
bar, B. 216. Ad irabar,
will tread under foot, B.
172.
Irbaz, he shampooed, B. 194.
Orad, was eloquent, B. 29.
vc Israd, he made (his
tongue) eloquent, fluent.
(But see Yurid ; also Ege-
red, Erkod. [More ex-
planation needed.]
Yurdi, was ignorant? heedless?
H. 223. Irda, dirt, B.
Yerden, dirty, F. 8ee Irtay.
Yurid, it is washed (said of
clothes) ; •'.«. it k no longer
new, B.

vo Isarad, he washed, scoured.

Wa isaraden, o irXvpcov,

the fuller, washerman. He

has washed his tongue?

i.e. he is fluent of speech.

Mi, he was pleased, H. 118,

Yurad (i ?), he accepted, H.

234, aor, Jrla, pr. IraiSa, F.,

he assented, complied, na

Tira2aut, compliance. (This

verb may be imported from

Arabic, although Heb. has

also Ray a in this sense.)

Irdeb, he washed (his face), B.

163, pr. Iradeb.
Yoraf, he sweats, B. 22.

Tarawafeni, it is credible, B.
Irgad? cobble? sew? patch?
wa yeraggaden, he who works
or patches (sandals).
Ergeh, walk tiiou ; for Ergex ;
(Kab. Ergaz.) na Tere^t,
horse's trot, B. Tereggehit ?
Irgel, he fastened up, F. B.
^. Iraggel. »w Eregel, im-
prisonment, B.
Irgex, he walked, pr. Irag^x.
Hence Axirgix, cavalry, B.
(perhaps first a frequentative
verb Ixirgex, he made pro-
menade, parade.) See Irgeh.
Ir|;a, it flamed (also Kab. Arab.
Haraq, Chald. Hirak), pr.
Iraf, glows, is brilliant.
ve Iser(;a, he kindled (Soka,
B. by error ?) 2nd p. Te-
serfsid. But Teserrad from
Irra.
Irha, he wished, liked, loved,
(Ghad. Ifrau). imp. ErhL
H. 74, 104. na Terhaut,
Tarha, affection. Amerhi,
a friend, pi. Imerhan, —
Imarawen, B. 84, Anemarhi,
Anemri, d°' pr. Iterha. Ma
terhid ? quid vis ? War
terhaf, I like not, B. 33.
vr Enimerhan, they loved
mutually. [The h of this
verb disappears in Kab.
and very often in Tu. as
must happen in careless
pronunciation. Since ? is
so liable to pass into X and
thence into H, it may seem
possible that an older form

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TUABIE TEBBS AND TEBBALS.

171

was exactly the Hebr.
Raya.]

Irahaf, he despaired, B. bis,
130, viz. aor. Zrd pi, Ara-
hagen (Bio\ pr. latairig. Ehe-
raharaf {sic),

Irhin, he was ill, pr. Iterhan ;
(corruptly Terin, Itiran, F.)
na Turhena, disease ;— cor-
ruptly? Tuma, ph Tuma-
wen, F. and stranger still,
Tolhinne, B.
ve Sirhen, cause to be ill.

Irikku, (the lion) roars, B.
221. <Mr, Irku ? or perhaps
Irwu ? moaned ? howled ?

Irka, is foul, base, — stinks ;
(so Kab.), H. 248, pe, Irka-
yen. Ark, foul, base (man),
H. 156.

Iwarkay, duty, F. (As to the
form, compare Awaylu.)

Irkab, he drew — in wide sense ;
drew (sword), drew (a bow),
B. drew (water), H. 269 ;
plucked (feathers), tore away,
arrested, B. [Yet the Arabic
Eekab, he rode, appears in
B. and derivatives.]

IrkaX, he danced, H. 64. (Arab,
he ran. Contrariwise, Arab.
Raqqis, dance, makes in Tu.
Araqqas, a courier.) Erkod,
B. 29, also p. 632, eloquence,
qu. Arab, running, fluency?
{See Igered, Orad.) Yet :
vc IserakkaZ, he yawns.

Araqqas (or Arakkas ?), a
courier. [Eakax, a peculiar
horse, Heb.]

Aralay, mla, work, B. 178 ;
also Arelenan, they work ;
as if from Irelen. (Only in
B.)

Yarel, it sank, became lower ;
Yebuk yurel, (the river) is
sinking, B. qu. Yufil, re-
turns, goes back ?

Irwal, he fled (so Kab. ; Arab,
and Heb. Raflal), pr. Ireg-
gel, na Tarula, flight, fuga.
Amarwal, a runaway. Hence
new verb, Emeriwalen, they
acted the runaway.
vc Serwal, put to flight.
vr pL Meserwalen, they re-
pulsed each other. Teme-
riwelt, a hare (fugitive
animal ; as Greek irrd^).

Tarlillet, Tirlelak, na "hum-
ming of women," B. trilling
high notes.

Aralad, a fence, B. 186. £h-
ereldaf bessa, I gird my loins,
B. 160. [Initial Eh in B.
sometimes is found for Ad ;
indeed in Hanoteau for Kab.
Ara, A[;a, as tense mark.]
But "bessa" for loins does
not recur.

Yoram, he tried, attempted, jpr.
Itaram, F.

IrmaS, he hurried, na ArmaS,
hurry, F. Termeii, H. 118.

Termadet, thou art impatient,
unsteady, B. 81. S?

Ermep, start up (as a gazelle),
be alarmed (be anxious, F.),
pr. Itermef, H, na Terimiq
(for Terimift), anxiety, F.

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172

TTTAKIK YEBB8 AITD VERBALS.

TJr termii;, H. TTr termafa,

B. be not alarmed. [F. also

gives Ermef as va, xermaf,

he frightened, pr. Irammaf .]

vc Sermef; alarm (game).
(2) Strangely different in B.

44. Teramme[et, na resting

of the head.

vd Iserammaf; pr. he rests

the head. Terammert,

comer, B. p. 638. qu. ft ?

Ermar? vo Tesirmarad, thou

dissemblest, B. 78.
Irmes, he caught (fish), he

arrested (a felon), H. pr.

Irammes.

vp Iturmes, it was caught.
"Wa yeturmasen, he who
was arrested.
Terin, Turna. See Yerhin,

Turhena.
Irna (Shilha, Inra, so indeed

B. 21), win, overcome. [Kab.

Emu, add, augment.] pr.

Irne, B. 110, Irunu, F. pc.

Iman, surpassing. Taroa,

supremacy, permission of

God. Amimi, victorious.

vp Ituama, he was over-
come.
Erar? goes backward ? Eraren,

B. 216, (a horse) jibbing, pr.

Itarar, (the rain) soaks in,

B. 209.
Ireray, he spun. Rereinat, (the

women) spun, pr. Iteraray.
Tarereyap, I twist in, B. 177.

Tarerayap, I spin, 184.
Irured, he is in haste, H. na

Teruredi.

Irras ? pr. Irars, he shaves

himself.

vc Sars, shave thou (another),
B. 105.
Ers, — aor. Irs (pr. Irras, F.),

has gone down, has fallen

upon, is situated : (but, has

declined, decreased, F.).

Eris, adv. below, F. Hence (?)

Insirs, he assailed, B.
Iroas? pr. Iteroas, is barking,

B. 222.
[Ra*s mal, capital, Ar.] Amar-

was, debt.

t;(jl8marwas, he lent on credit.
B. 153.
Ersellad, trip, stumble against,

B. 72. Also kick, stamp, B.

122, pr. Itersellad.
Irsem, washed hands, pr. Iras-
sen, B. 163.
Irsan, it ran (ashore), touched,

ran upon, ^.Itarasan,B. 64.
Irser, it is unfolded ? Asarsar,

an unfolder, H. 219.
Erti, aor. Irtay, it is mixed,

joined. {See Ipley of F.) na

Aratay, mel^e of battle, pc.

Imirtayen, mixed.

vc Isirti, va he mixed. Sir-

tayaf, I gather (frait), B.

188. Isartayen, (the troops)

gather, rally, B. 131.
Irtay, dirty, F. ; perhaps as

turbid water.
Irtem, he has finished, B. 155.
Irexauxau, (water) is boiling,

B. Spl. Erexauxawen.
Ery, F. va and vn break, pr.

Irayye, aor. Irye, F.

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TVABIK VEEBS AND YEEBALS.

173

ve Sery, break thoui pr.
Iseruy, H.

vp Imerya, it was broken.
fern, Turzar, it was broken ?
B. 211, perhaps rather
Ituanra (without final r).
So B. 225, Tarzar(Tary?)
"has shattered," masc,
actively ; if so, initial T
is not the fern, mark, but
denotes present time.
Tarezek, na singing, B. 73.

S.

As, come, go, with -d (hither),
aor, Yusa-d ( Yosed, F.), pr.
Itas, Itas-ed; pe, wa d
yusen, 6 i\0i)V^ he who
arrived; wa d ittasen, he
who is coming. Madyusan?
who is come ? Ma d yasin ?
who is to come ?

Iswa, he has drunk, pr, Isas,
imp, Esu, H., Eswa, B. Esa-
win, they have drunk, na
Tisesi. Amsui, a drinker,
H. Tasis, a drink, B.
vo Sesu, Seswa, cause to
drink, irrigate, aor, Isesu,
Iseswa, pr. Isaswa, 3 pi.
fut. Ad sasawin, na Aseswi.
vp Imsua, pr. Inses ? B.

Usu, cough, aor, Tesu, pr.
Itusu, F. na Tisut, coughj
pi. Tisuten, P.

Issu, he spread out (a carpet)
So Kab.

Yuwas, it is red hot, B. 199
Iwas, it boiled, pr. Igas, F.

Asid, join, sew close? B. 192
(mend, make sound, repair.)

Ised, (the ostrich) hides (his
head), B. 223.

SewaS, add thou, ve from
EwaS.

Suei, EswaS, look at, aapioe;
(akin to Sejed, expect a, and
Kab. Isked), pr. IsaggaX, he
beholds, F., examines, B. vr
pi. Enimsueien, they looked
at each other. Nek asija-
danak, I (am) listening [to
thee], B. 11. See Isigei.

IsiXegenin, pi, * * bien portants, "
H. 214, root unknown.

Isdak ? he lay hid, lurked, pr.
Isiddak, B. SI.

Isdal, he dyed ? pr. Isadal, na
Tesadalit, B. 185.

IseXan, TesoSan, count, ac-
count, F. IseSan , pc. counted,
B., na AsiSen, the count, ac-
count, H. See EuS and Ye-
waSin.

Sifet, see; Hodgson (South Tu).

AsfSken, " they plunder," B.
126. qu. shed blood? Arab.
Sefek. But perhaps it ought
to be Asfe(;en, they empty.
See Ifaf.

Sifel, tan thou, H. 107. Am-
sufel, a tanner.

Asufar, a remedy (Songhay),
Isefra, B. Isufer, he treated
a patient, pr. Itasufer, F.

Isufare imanis, '* he hired him-
self," B. Prod. Son. Root
doubtful.

Isafarad, snorted, B. 224.

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174

XXTABIK TEEBd AKD TEBBALS.

IsegeX, IsejeX, he listened, ex-
pected, waited. {See SueX,
above.) "War hanaf tesja-^
det, thou listenest not to us,
B. 11.

IsgaSel (cr/cafo) P), Isgadelet,
he limped, became lame.

Isageh? j9r. Isaggeh, B. 165,
he looks at (Kab. Issag ?).

Seglef, bark as a dog. na Aseg-
lef.

Asgen, pounce as an eagle, B.
226, but qu.

Siggeniugix, bright, B. 185.

JSaggarehe, scan, contemplate,
B. 11. Isiggerehe, he con-
templated, B. Prod. Son,
Esagrahaf, I look at unth
pleasure (B. sic). See SewaX,
IsegeX.

Saf, buy thou. Zak in H.

Isfit, pr, Isfayyat, call out, —
seems to me vc formed from
Arab. Sayyaf. But H. p.
180, has Safin, they called,
Isajit, he called, as if Sa|;i
were the root.

Isufil, he closed (so F.), pr.
Isaffil. But see Yufil and
Iqqal.

Issuhi, Issuhet, was strong,
sound, participle Issahaten,
strong and brave, H. 54,
Essahet, violence, 126. In
Kab. Sallat, health, is com-
mon. It may seem that even
the Tuarik words are corrupt
Arabic, firom ^aM, safe and
sound.

Sohad, kindle, pr, Isahed, B.

168 {sie)y perhaps for Soqad.
See Aqqad.

Sok, light, kindle, B. 170,
perhaps for Serf. See Irfa.

Suk, send, Adyesik, will bring
on. vc firom Ikka.

Yeska (Yeyka), he built, pr,
lyak, na Teyakaut, building,
F.

Iseksek va cram, press, knead,
B. 189; load (a gun), B. 145 ;
also vn it is loaded, pr. Ita-
saksak. B. also has Izeksak.
Compare Greek 5*07.

Sikel, sob, H. 181. Perhaps
from Yukel, Also (frequen-
tative ?) Iskalal, he wept,
pr, Isakkalal, F.

Sikel, travel thou. See Ikal.

Suyakal ; see Ikkul, above.

Siken, show, point out, point
(a gun), aor, Iseken, pr, Isa-
kan, [as Xab.]. Isakkan
imanis, he shows himself, i.e,
does not dissemble, B. 7S.
vr Emsaken, deliberate.

Yoskar, (the horse) prances, B.

Isukta, pr, he digs (a sta^e)
down, B. 187.

Isaket, pr, (the horse) kicks,
B. 216, flor. Iskat?

Iskar, (the rain) oozes through,
B. 53. [perhaps oulj forces
itself through. See the next.]

Iskarat, he compelled, F., pro-
bably vc from Arab. Qaharat,
violence.

lB£ar, aor, f — pr, Isa££ar, he
snores, B. na A8a£adu (sic,
B. 47).

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TT7ABIK YEEBS AND TEBBALS.

175

Suli, lift up (thy heart), B. vo

from Tuili.
Esel, H.y Eselu, B. hear thou,

aor. IbIsl, pr. Iselli. Amisli,

voice, B. pi. Iselan, news

(audita).
Isiul, Isiwel, he talked. See

IsHef, it bleated, B. 220 ; he
rattled in the throat, H. 211,
but

(2) Iseluf, he is smooth, polite,
H. 212, which suggests con-
fusion of a consonant. £ab.
Iseluaf, polish.

Silret, Asilji. See OljTit.

Sehk, hang up, B. 178. (Arab.
Salliq?)

Tesolaq, he adopted, pr. Isa-
laq, F.

Asem, be jealous, envious, H.
aor. Yasem, pr. Itasem, na
Tesemi.

vr pi. Enimusamen. Com-
pare lyyem, he was in love.

Simem, bitter; na Tesimmi,
bitterness.

Simbara, set loose, B, 54, Com-
pare Kab. Ebru.

SemiS, E. Isammilen, H. cold,
frtffidm. Asammif, cold,
frigui. Tesemla, a cold, B.

Ismekas, change, alter, pr.
Isammekas, E.

Samasan, hold back (a horse),
B. 63. Root Imsen ?

Ismetert, he ordered, pr. Isam-
metert, E. (His final t is
often the mere accus. pronoun
him^ it.) The apparent pri-

mitive, Imeter, reminds one
of Arabic viii*^ form, Ittemer,
he obeyed orders.

Sen, know thou, aor. or pr.
Isan (else aor. Isen, pr.
Isan), na Tisunet, B. Also
Temasna, intelligence. (But
E. says : — Isan, clever (know-
ing). Isan, he acquainted
{a% if for vo Isisen). Isena,
he knew, Issen, he considered,
pr. Itassen. So F.)

Isnet, he was sad, sorrowful,
Ben Musa.

Isinna, he baked, cooked. See
Inna.

Isinge, (the waterskin) leaks,
B. 199=Ixinke, B. 200.

Isin(;al, "he ploughed," F. See
lufal.

Isnas ? na Tasannist, swelling ?
B. 197 has Ekaf tasannist, it
is swollen. [Ekaf is un-
known ; unless it mean It
gives a swelling ; being a
new present from Ikfa.]

Isinti, he began. See Eneti.

Sanixlam, look around, B.
frequentative or compound
from Ixlam^Ghadamsi Iz-
lem, look.

Surfi, pardon me, E. [Perhaps
Suffi ? from Arab. Asfu, for-
giveness.]

Esrug, sneeze, H. 61. na Tes*
rugt.
vo Sesrug, cause to sneeze.

Isorek, he hangs up (clothes),
B. 164. But SeUk, B. 178.

Isaraf, he took a sniff. (See

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176

TTTAEIK VEEB8 ASH TEKBALS.

Esrug.) Isaref, he smells,
Ben Musa. Insaraf, he smelt
at; it smelt (bad), B. 13,
197.

Sars, va shave. See Irars.

Yoses, pr, Itasas, " assure " (so
F.). XJsesan agazar, *'they
fought hard " (so B.). The
latter I render, " they made
battle obstinate," a render-
ing suggested by Arab. £asi,
tough, obstinate. F. has
also Tusist, distress; and
(strange to add) Yoses, alone.
— If weight be the funda-
mental idea, Yoses, ?ie made
weighty, might mean, He cor-
roborated, and so account for
*' assure " of F., and " make
obstinate," the sense needed
by B. ; also Tusist might be
" aggravation.*'

Sassahar, wear (clothes), put
on, wrap round them, B. 161.

Susim, keep silence, na Asusim.
In B. 76 Susin, pr, Isosan,
with n final.

Isisen, he washes, Ben Musa.

Issit, he added, H. (possibly
vc from Yote), na Asiti, sur-
plus, excess. S asiti, in ex-
cess, too much, H. — adj\ Asi-
ti, additional, pi, Asuten, F.
B. 150 has Esataf eneli, "I
provide myself with millet,"
perhaps only, '* I add millet."
Then Isat is^. of Issit.

Isuta, he amassed, H. 122.
Probably vc from F.'s Yote.

Esattefit, pour out. See Itaf.

Istedaf, he laid ambush, B. 143,

Istef, pr. Istaf, draw (sword),
puU out, H. 141, 148. na
Asataf, Astuf. See Irkab.

Isa<pf afan, black, /. Tisa'pq^afat,
B., F. In Kab. Useiif, H.
In B. Isaqvpafen ia plural,

Esteg, pr. Isittig, Istejj, is a
merchant. Estegap, I ex-
change, B. 148, Amsittig, a
broker. Imsetteg, he ex-
changes.

Estej;, slap, smack, H. pr. Isit-
tef. (B. 122, Asittef, I box
the ear, as if from aor. Iste,
^."Isitte.) Also Istak, smote,
B. perhaps for Istaf, na
Asatap.
vp Ituaste[.

Yestik, empty, F. na Tistak.

Isten ? root not found : perhaps
it meant, He answered. Amis-
ten, (seems to mean) defen-
dant in a lawsuit, B. But in
F. Amistan, courage.
ve Isisten, he interrogated
(caused to answer ?) often
with Fell before accus. as
in Scotch, " speer at him,"
for Inquire of him. Am-
sesten, an inquirer.

Ester, sharpen thou, pr. Isat-
tar? SS-taraf, I sharpen,, B.
190.

Istaras, B. 226, " Asgen fellas,
istaras," seems to mean,
* ' pounced upon it (and struck
it down) ;^^ which suggests
that it should be '* Istaf as."
Se^ Estef. The f is often

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TFABIK VERBS AND TEEBALS.

177

alternately made k and r in B.
[Bat the sense of Asgen
needs corroboration.]
T-istaurat, she has a full bosom,
B.

T.

Tote, he added, pr. Itat, F.

[Also Itat or Itatt, he eats,

from Ekxe.]

vclButsL, he amassed, H. 122.
Itai, pr. Itai (Itaihi), stings,

pricks, B. 222.
Iwat, he struck, ^r. Iggat (Kab,

Ikkae). Tuut, Tuwat, she

struck. Ad kai eutef, ut te

feriam ; Ur kai eggitef,.non te

feriam; H. 138. na Tiwit,

B. 129 (stroke of sword).

«?r/>Z Amawaten, (they struck
one another,) •' they fight
hand to hand," B. 139.
Itet, he eats, na Titeti, H. 104.

See Ekx.
If eq>, he sucked the teat, pr,

Itafeq^.

ve T-esuf eq^, she suckled.
Tawet (in B. 168, 177, 191)

seems to mean, Lat. struscit,

he laid in rows, arranged,

built. See Igat.
Itu, he forgot (as Kab.). na

Tetat, forgetftilness, H., B.

But Tetawa, pr. Itatawa, F.
Taiti, intelligence, wisdom, H.

134.
Itab, it dripped, na Tetebt, a

drop, F.
Itebo, beat (a shirt), pr. ItitSbo,

B. 185.

Itbat, good ! all right ! already,
F. Qu. from Arab. Gebet, it
is firm ?

Itaf, is full of water, B. 208.

Tedgfit, flood, B. 209, for Tete-
fit ? See Iffai.
vc Esattefit, pour out, B. 174.

Tatuf, na. a stumble ? B. 72.

I'Pf af, grasp, hold firmly, seize
(Heb. Hafaf, Ar. fiafaf);
retain in memory, B. 88. pr.
Itafaf, "I seize," B. 104.
vp Itua'fvpef, Imeff ef.

Takat, noise (in Shilha, a
family). Amattekat, a noisy^
person.

Itaher, it is closed. Ent:
we close, H. 269. Henc
Tahurt, a door ?

Tik? frequentative, Tiktik.^';;-^^;-
vr Simetiktik, whisper, B.\/ •

Etkel, Edkel (Eikel, F.), tolle / "
lift up, carry off, aor. Tetkal,
na Atakal, ( pr. liakkal, F.),
also na Atkel, empire, su-
premacy, B. p. 632, adminis-
tration (carrying on ?). ES-
kal, excellent, F. (qu. elatmf
uplifted). Yitkal, the Ruler,
B. p. 618.

vc Satkel fell, impose as a
load upon. Ax. EOqil,
lade.

Etkar, anger (also Etkef, B.
632). i8f(9tf Kab. Atxall. Et-
karaf, I am angry, B. Also
Edkar, Edekar, H. F.

Etkar, fill (Kab. Etxur). Hano-
teau writes Ef kar. na Afa-
kar, Epkur, pc. Ifkaren,

12

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178

TFABEC YEBBS AKD YEBBALS.

Ite^kor, it is full, B[.=Tet-

kar, B. 103.
Ta£tak, aor. split, B. p. 620,

pr. B. 173.

ve Suttekaraf (sic), I slit a pen.
Ital, he swathed, wrapt up (as

in Kab.), B. 26, i?r. IteUe ?

B. 142. Wui tellenin, B.

1 82, those who twist (ropes) ?
Ifar, he sought, besought,

(Shilha, Idder ; Kab. IsuGer,

I8r-ed), pr. Ifar, Ita^ar,

Eta^ llraf elmud, I am seeking

to learn, B. 88. But also

I>faraf, I seek, look for, B.

100. Md teq>urret? what

seekest thou?
Itarak ? It&rakat, he dropt

down, Itarakatet (sic), he

fell, B. 71. Isetrik, d**- his

71. Yet vc Satarak, throw

down, B. 71.
Ye'pf es, he slept, pr. I'pf as, na

Ifas, sleep. Ameffas, a

sleeper.

ve Seffas, luU to sleep. Am-
sei^pas, one who lulls to
sleep.
Yetaitai ? he drove in pegs ;

pr. Tetaitayaf, I hare driven

the pegs in, B. 176. See

Itai, above.

Oxe, skin, flay, B.=Kab. XJy.
Ixau, Ixag, he smeared, B.=

Ihewai of H.
Ixburdel, (the camel) threw

up his nose, B. 217.

Exxad, be bad. Ixxaden, pc.
evil. Ixai, bad, F. Ohud
(=Oxud), misdeed, crime,
F. H. has i, not d, pp. 93,
38. Compare Ifxad or I£-
xad, also Ar. Xe^a, nocuit.

Ixedlgen, ctdj. clean, B.=Hedig
of H. and F., Sedij of Kab. ;
Heb. and Ar. Sadaq ? In
vc Izdzig, pr. he cleanses, F.

Yexef, he swam, pr. Ixaf, B.
68 also, (as printed) na
Elfxaf. But I think, Ke
tezay elfxaf, ought to be, Ke
tezayet 6xaf, tu novisti na-
tare.

Yuxef, he gave, Tu. of Hodg*
son. Yux also in some dia-
lects

Yuxf efar ? pr. XofeiGaraf, I sUt
(a pen), B. 173.

Xegerin, high, deep, Ixegga-
ren, red=Ihaggaren. (Kab.
Azeggaf, Arab. Axqar, pink.)

Ixihar, thick (=Kab. Izhar).
/. Ixiharet, B. pi. Ixohamin
(B. p. 620, epithet of hail;
therefore means Lat. creber,
close crammed).

Xik, quick, early (Hik of F.,
Zik of Kab.), perhaps primi-
tively, sharpj o^v. For B.
has 221, 225 Ixek, (the lion)
attacked ; Ixaket, (the river
horse) arose. Ixak ebak, the
wolf attacks, B. 137. Com-
pare Eh5k.

Yuxikambax, he covers, B.

Izikantat, he shivers, trembles,
B.

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TUABIX TEBBS Ain> TEBBALS.

179

Ixekarax, he tilled (the ground),
B. 186. Exekarax, a field,
garden, from Xab. Ekray.

Ixikatkat, he is indolent ? Axi-
katkaty nnenergetic.

Xil, adv. by force. Xil, va
disturb. Texled, thou dis-
turbest, B. "War xil-ahi,
disturb me not, B. Ixelan,
troublesome. Also Axeliu,
unable, B.

Ixwalet, (storm) gathers, vn B.
p. 620.

Oxel, Axel, run, = Ahel= AyyeL
See Ayyel. "War tixlet, do
not run, B. [Mexal, travel?].
fTemexalit, a (quick) jour-
ney ? B. 195, or, thou
shouldst travel ?
vr Anemaxal, a messenger,
B. pL Inimlxalen.

Texebd^je, brilliancy, (B. 38,
and p. 62 1 ), fine weather, na ?

Xelkikan, wrangling, B. 123.

Xelag, va sling (the sword)
round left shoulder, B. 162.
Texilgen, the left side.

Ixlem, for Ghadamsi Izlem, he
looked; found in frequent.
Sanixlam, look around, B.

Im-xelarlag, is melting, B.

Ixinke, (the roof) admits water,
B. 200. See Isinkawen,
boiled meats, H. Axink,
Asink, porridge ? hasty pud-
ding, B. p. 633.

Xinhexin felli, make place for
me, B. 107. See Enkex.

Xinx, sell thou, B.=Zeny. See
Eny.

Xinxan, nostril. Xinxor, imp.
clear the nose. See Anjur,
bridge of nose. Kab. Anzor.

Yuxer, he is old (Iwaxar, B.==
Yuher). Tiuxeret, fern. old.

Also Ixwar, he was wont, B.
85 ; he begins, he is about,
B. p. 621 . So Texwar toren,
she is about to bring forth.
See Izzar. Frequentative Ix-
exuar, he begins, B. 154.
Xexuaref, I begin (Kab. ly-
war).

Ixrag, carry water=Ihereg, pr.
Ixarrag. Amxarrag, water-
carrier,^^. Imxsuragen, B.

Xerexeran, (work the pump,
B. 175, draw the leathern
strap) backwards and for-
wards.

Xixeriwu, trot one's horse, B.

Yuxirgex, he took a ride, B.
frequentative from Irgex.
Ixirgex, cavalry, B.

Ixarlarlar, is boiling, B. 213.

Ixirarakrak,Ixibar£^rak, hisses
(as iron), B. 198.

Xut ? pr Itixut, it is barking,
B. 222.

Axixilwak, a bright twinkling,
B. p. 620, »a? Compare
Texeldeje^ and Ar. Xasl.

Z soft and Z hardrrts ?=S.

Izzi, it is healed, pr, Itezzi, it
is healing, vn H. 138. Eab.

Izzi, he knew, recognized, pr.

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180

TUAJtIK YEBBS AJSTD TE&BALS.

Izzay, H. and B. (qu. Isen,
seivity Izzi, novit),

lya, acid, F. (Izay, was heavy,
Kab.). Ayezayen, trouble-
some, F.

Ezob, Ezubb, vn alight, dis-
mount (=Zenbu, Songhay)^
H"., B. also Kab. Izubbet for,
he alighted to lodge with, B.
Izebbet, he dismounted, vn
H. 115, 161.

ve Izozeb, he dismounted
(luggage) va B.

Azubbi, learn by heart, H. 214.

Eyed, grind, pound (as Kab),
H. 70. Amzed, grindstone.
Imzed, he ground a knife or
tool, B. 190.

vp Ituyed. Ezzad, provisions
(meal, flour), ammunition,
H. 160. Arab. Zewad ?
Yet, H. 233 Nezed, we
measured out (a different
verb ?).

Yeyid, sweet, F=Iyyiden, H.
— na Tiyudi.

Seider, endure, have patience.
;Seider fell, wait for, H. 104,
180. B. 83, pr, lyedar, na
Teyeider, endurance. See
Zegzan.

Eyyef, strip naked, H. 95, 239,
266.

Eyyeg, milk (a camel), na Tay-
yegt.

Izzij;, he dwelt (soft z, F.), he
dwelt, sojourned (IzAef of
Kab.), pr. Itezzaj;, Itazaf, F.
na Tamezzuq, H., Tamazuq,
F. (the q for ft). ^Tet Ta-

inlzuq, absence! F.] Tim-

xaf, former encampment, B.

(x for z). Amezzaf, an en-
campment, pL Imezzagen.
lyger, he crossed (a river — a

line).
Tizeggaret, greatness, tallness.

See Iheger.
Zegzan, bear patiently, H. 103.

na Azegzan, patience, H.

211.
Iziha, he bought, pr. Izaiha.
Tazet, thou hast bought, B.

150. /S^Saf.

vp Ituzih. Kab. Zlju, Siju,
from TJju.
Izukmah,^. he scratches him-
self, H. 149.
Eyli, be different, distinguish,

na Ayalay, difference, H^

148, 279.
Ayel = Oxel = Abel, run, pr,

Iteyyel, na Ayyel, a run, H.

177. Ayel, current, F. See

Oxel.
Awaylu, an affair, business, F.
Ameyyal, a runner. {See

Oxel.)
Imayalen, Imahalen, domestics,

pages.

vc Zizel, cause to run, %,e,
(as Arab. Ajri) promote,
push forward (F. advise),
H. 70. Yey6yul, he ap-
proved.

vr pi. Enimeyelen, they con-
curred, agreed, na Ani-
meyyal, concurrence, re-
conciliation.
Ezel, exact payment, pr. Izal,

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TFAEIK VERBS AND TERBALS.

181

na Tamazilt, B. 118, from
Kab. Azal, price.

Izelebb, he stript (his hand) of
skin, B. 72.

Izlaf, he took a wife, Ben.
Mnsa. See Bebon.

Izmu? pr. Izymmo, B. 168,
wring out (water from).

lymi, he sewed (with needle),.
na Aifamai, pr, 1 «. A^amay-
af, I sew, B. 184, 192.
Anaymi, sewer, tailor, pi,
pc. pass. Izmainin, sewn,
sewed. Amayemmaya, tailor,
B.
vp Imeymi, was sewn.

Izem ? he slighted, pr. Itezem
fell, B. 81. na Tizemit, a
slight, an affi*ont.

Iznmm, he fanned, B. 194.

lyyem, be in love, pr, lyyam ?
na Ayyam, Tiyyemi, love.
Ameyyam, a man in love.
(Compare Asem.)

Izimm^ze, see Imezzi.

lyun, he divided, apportioned,
H. 135,^r.Ituyan,F. n^jTay-
yunt, distribution. (Shilha,
Tuzzunt, division, i.e. half.)
Tazunne, the division, i.e. the
middle (of night), B.p. 621.

Ayen, near, H. 209.

Izinka, F. (he evaded), pr.
Izanka. na Azinka (eva-
sion ?), delay, F.

Izenkex, pi. Izinkahan, he ad-
vances, H. See Enkex.

Zeny, see Eny.

Izzar (soft z in F.), he preceded,
(Kab. Izwar). pr. Itizar, pro-
gresses, F. Wa izzaren, the
past, opposed to "Wa ilkamen,
the future, na Teyyar, H. Si
teyyar, " d'avance," before-
hand. Ezzar, (Eyy^r, H.
113), previously, aforetime.

EzSwer-ap, I have been longing
for you, B. 114.

Tuzar-ahi, it pains me, B.,
perhaps only a corruption of
Arab. Yujas.

Azaraf anu, hmld a well, B.
191.

Izarag, he lay outstretched, B.

Tazernait, force, violence, H.
261, root Izerna ? Izeran ?

Zat-af, pr. I weave, B, 182,
184.

Izitxa, gave, pr. Izatxa, F.
Perhaps this strictly means
he caused to eat, i.e. caused
to enjoy, if it be
vc from Ekxu, making Itxa,
for Ikxa, as in Kab,

Izzuz, (the camel) is over-
laden, H. 289. Compare
Ijaj, Igag.

Ezezau, saw (timber), pr. Ite-
zezau^ Tezezawaf, I saw
(timber), B. 191.

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182

TUARIK NOUNS, NOT VERBALS.

Au, son.

Ei, male. Also, steel.
Ewuit, market, B. 103.
Ewu, prey, booty, B. 134.
Tiyat,. handcuff, B.

B.

Aba (Oba B.), father.

Tabuit, flower, B.

Tabeut, rainstorm, B.

Ababah,H. Ababax,B, cousin.

Bedi, smallpox.

Abid, bran; also soup (gruel ?)

B.
Ibiddawen, apes or monkeys, B.
Tabdug, cotton, F. Tabeduk,

pi. Tabddoken, cotton 8trip8y

B. 184. (Abduga, cotton in

Haussa.)
Tabiddixt, the multitude, B.
Abegge, jackal, ph Ibeggan.

(Also Ebeg, Ebak, B.) fern.

Tibeggatin.
Ebegau, nag, galloway, common

horse.
Tibegaut, mare,^. Tibegewen,

Fr.
Bugu, interior of tent; shop,

pi. Bugoten, B.
Abayuj;, water-skin, pi. Ibiyaf,

H.
Abagug, young ram. Taba-

^gt, young ewe.
Abogeli, son of a freedman, B.

Tabgena, head, Ho., South

Tu., and Mozab.
Tabegurt, riches, B. (Tabefurt,

H.)
Abag5r, hair pad, B.
Bahu, a lie, false, B. Bahut.

See verb Ibeh.
Tebuhagin, boots. {See Ebu-

xage.) Tibuhajin,I)uv.Ghat.
Abaihar, mountai negro, H.
Abekan, wild ass ?
Tibbaken, crows, B.
Ibekkebek, worm, B.
Ibiker, male lamb (from Arab?).

Tebekert, female lamb.
Abaikur, male greyhound, pi.

Ib^yekar, /. Tabaikart
Ebakeq^, B. 39, sin. pi. Ibekka-

den, B. 114. (Ghad. Bekka-

den, Lat. Peccata ?)
Ablal, stone, Ben Musa.
Abel, mind? heart? B. Arab

bal? War inehi abelu, non

videt mensmea(?). But Bal,

Bel means eye in Coptic.
AbelbuX, wallet, leather bag,

pi. IbelbaX; also purse, B.

Fr. Abalbof .)
Abelfeten, rude stones for

building, B.
Abilhud, eyelid, B.
Abelanbak, moisture, B. 164.
Abilolo, pilau {i.e. rice with

butter and salt).
Tablelt, lead, Duy. Ghat.

Digitized by

Google

TUAEIK NOUNS, NOT TEEBAL8.

183

Si bil6as, with a bucket? B.

175.
fBambaro, saddler, B. [Song-
hay?]
Eben, waterpot ; bowl of pipe,

B. Habbaka[ eben, I smoke a

pipe, B.
Tebawent, skin for baggage, B.
Abeng, swamp, marsh, B.
Ebooin, buttons, B.
Ebenkor, source, spring, B.
Abenneg, fog, B.
fBenesib, danger, Fr.
fBangoru, bundle, pi, Ban-

goruten, B.
Abro, garment, dress, Duv.

Ghat. ; from Kab. Ibar, it

is covered.
Eberu, long sword, B. [yiu.
Taburit, crookstick, pi. Tibar-
Berabera, large cucumber ? B.
Tabarde, rags, B.
Abaral, young man, ph Iba-

raSen, H. /. Tabaraf .
Abardawil, monkey, B.
Aberjen, hair tent, pi. Iber-

jenen, H.
Aberig, squadron of horse, B.
Aberui;, blanket, ph Iberufen

(Aberuk, carpet, Songh.),

used as a wrapper, F., pL

Tibergentin, blankets, 182.
Aborak, white maize, B.
Aberkau, calf, B.
Abarkot, "paunch?" B. Per-

haps kidney, p. 630.
Aberaqqa, H. (Ab6rrika, Ebe-

rik, B.), route, road, course

(Kab. Abrid). Abareqa, pi.

Ibareqetan, F.

Eberin, side, H.
Abarteg, whip, B.
Berix, all the same, B.
Tebbist, handful, H., pL Teh-

baz.
Absag, sapling, shrub, B.
Ab^sar, knife, B.
Abetul, quarry, salt mine, H.
Ibtalen, steps down to a deep

pool, H.
Batolt, a screaming? B. 214.

(the hen) is screaming, tega

batolt.
Abatol, dimple in lip, B. ; also,

resting place of gazelle, B.
Tabutut, stomach, B. (8a*bof ,

Kab.)
Aboxit, curds, B.
Ebuxege, a shoe, ph Ibuxigen,

B. See Tebiihagin.
Abexau, species of antelofi

Ibexawen, B.

fDu, bran, B.

Ad5^ Md mice, B.

Aidi, dog, pi, lyidan [with

simple d Kan. and F. But

Aiii in Kab. and Shilha].
IJdi, butter — salt butter, H.
Tide, sweat, B. page 169.
Tidi, dirt in pipe; brand in

the arm, B.
Tidet, truth, for Tigedid,

straight? B. 236.
Adiau, camels collectively, H.

a herd? drove? from verb

Idiu?

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184

TXJAKIK KOUNS, NOT VEEBALS.

AlvL, wind, pL Aluten. Hence

verb Sui, blow.
AXwi, jerboa, pi. Kowan, fern.

Tiiwatin.
A2biu, hyaena, as in Heb. and

Arab.: [Taburi is foreign.

B. has Aridal]. There are

two species.
Tedebut, bedstead, pi. Tideba,

F.
AdS,bag, hamlet, dim. Tadabag,

B.
Debara, advice, H. 157. Heb.

Dabar, word. Ar. Dabbir,

to plan.
Adbir, tame pigeon, pi, Idbi-

ran (Kab. lebir), /. Tedebe-

rat, B., pi. Idebe[;en, Duv.

Ghat.
Edid, waterskin.
TJdad, wild sheep, mnflon.
ASa2, a finger, pi. HoSan, B.

rSoSonghay). Idoduen,Duv.

Ghat. See Asukkod.
Tidebin, woman, B. Tffleien,

Fr. (Heb. loves).
Dediani, arm ring, Duv. Ghat.
Adeddel, a reed.
Aduf, marrowbone? marrow:

a pipe, B. (Aduf, marrow,

Songhay).
Taduft, wool,
i^dafor, pillow, pad saddle, pi.

Ideforan, B.
Ad&ged, ape, pi. Idugad, H.
A2egal, socerf TaZegalt, soerus.
Edeg, Edej, place.
Tadegget, evening, H. Taduit,

B. Verb Adu.
Adeggar, part, portion.

Adaf? stone, Idafan [Adpif,

d°. Kab], but Idafin, Duv.

Ghat., for Karen, feet.
Adehik, large red ant, B.
Tedek, stubble field,^/. Tedken,

B.
Tadakt, hill, B.
Edikel, palm of hand, pi. Idu-

kal. (So Kab.)
Ad^k, head ornament of

camel, B.
Edkar, Edekar, anger. See

verb Etkar.
Adalol, lip, B.

TJdem, face, pi. Udemmawen.
Au adam, son of Adam, man,

person.
Ted^mbat, horsetail, B.
Admar, breast, pi. Idmaren, F.

Idemafen, I)uv. Ghat.
Adan, intestine, pi. Adanen,

H.
Edin, back (of shirt), B.
Adawenni, history, H.
Tedawanet, matting round a

tent, B.
Adanda, place of former cattle

pen, B.
Idunet, H. (Idinet, B.), world,

people. Arab. I)unia(t).
Tadent, grease, H. TaSont,

white fat, B.
Adonki, old male ass, B.
Tidennekt, angle, B., comer?
A2ar, the foot, pi. Haren.
Idir, the bottom, H. Aidir,

deep, F. Edir, pr. under.

Sedir, adv. at bottom.
Eder, excrement, B.
Tudrit, woodpigeon, Ghad.

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TUABIK N0UK8, NOT VEEBAL8.

185

Adar, mountam, pi, Idaren,

Adaren, B.
Adrar, mountain,^/. Idraren, H.

i^f m.Tadrartyhill, j?^.Tidrarin,

H. [But Idrar, calm, Fr.]
Tadrut, air, F. {m).
Tederit, a swift wild animal,

wild ass B., rather Nylghau ?

oryx, B., pL Tederaten.
Tedirdaf, armpit, B.
Daruf, copper, B.F.H.
Aderih, trace, track.
Aderial, toothless, pi, Iderialen.
Edis, side. Hence verb Ides.
Audis, pack-ox, pi, Audisen, B.
Tadest, mosquito, B.
Desin (some noun), Tafok (ye)

berber desin enis, " the sun

rises," B. qu. Sol exit domum

suam (?) or iter suum, cpus

suum (?).
DSzar, " shoulder," B.^fl^tf 598,

Also Tegirgest.

F.

Afa, light. See verb Yafu.
Tefit, winding sheet, H.
Afud, knee; also (straight)

line ; pi. Afedden, B.
Afuda, a strong camel, pi.

Ifuden, H.
Tef(§dit, ulcer of horse, B.
Afedus, minister, officer, pi,

IfedwateD, also pi. Ifud^ten,

guards.
Tafi^dele, sandal, j?/. Tifedalen,

B.
Afedd&ven, "kidneys?" B.,

rather, paunch ; for Ilafed-

dS,ren is corpulent, qu. au

ba'pn.
Afaddis, hammer, B. (Kab.

Af'pis).
Efef, female breast, pi. Ififian,

B.
Ifaffar (Ifaffan ?), teat of cow, B.
(Afofore ?) retail dealer, pi.

Ifoforeten, B.
Tafefat, rice, H., B. (Taf&kat,

B. 188.)
Afeggagen, branches, H.
Tefok, sun, B. Tafuk Duv.

Ghat.
Afakkerem, nag, B.
Afakkos, carpet, B.
Afelle, North : front (of shirt) ;

desert (to Southern Tuarik),

B. Upper part?
AfelMya, leaves? trees? B.
Tafult, a part, pi. Tef ul, Tefii-

lin, H.
TafiUewit, cord on the buckle

of a girth, B.
Tefalwat, door, pi. Tifalwaten,

B. See Tafanit.
Fema, coal pan, B.
Tefinaft, character of the Al-
phabet, pi. Tefinaf, H.
Eflilan, bulb, onion, Duv. Ghat.
Tafanit, city gate, H.
Afaneor, Duv. Ghat, the moon,

qu. mhu f
Afunes, steer, bull, pi. Ifune-

sen, Ho. TefGnest, cow

(heifer ?)
Fenoten, monkeys, B.
Afer, strip of cloth, B.
Airiu, a feather, a pennon, pi.

Afarewen, B.

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186

TVABIK KOUNS, KOT YEBBAXS.

Tiffart, fetter, H. footcord, B.
Tifert, a maxim ; also a price,

H. Kab. Gr. p. 349,^?. Tifer,

Tiferin. See Yerbal root,

TJfure.
Tifamiwen, black mud, B.
Teferfarawin, swords, B.
Afarak, a hedge, dim, Tafarak.
fFarkasuba, barley, B.
Tifarketen, large leaves, B.
fFaranfo, basket, B.
Efaranfar, forked stick for stir-
ring milk, B.
fFarMifaro, large vessel for

honey, B.
Afarar, cream, B,
Tafarast, H., Tafarant, B. flint.
Teferten, sciary, B. Yerbal

root TJfure ?
Afus, hand, pi. Ifassen [for

Arm, Duv. Ghat.] dim. Ta-

fust, pi. Tifassin.
Tafusit, a favor.
Tefest, a seed, ph TifSsin.
Afisk, forked pole, B.
fAfasko, Tifisko,Fatafet, spring

of the year, B.
Fasgnit, cotton, B. 183 (raw

cotton ?).
Aftenten, curds of milk, B.

G.

Ag, Aj, son {see Au), pi. Dag

(Ig, son, Fr.).
Aga, leathern bucket, pi. Iga-

ten [but Ige, action, pi.

Igitan, Fr.].
Teg^it, night. Ho., but qu.

[with >[ final ?].

Tegawet, hair of man, B.
Taglber, green and black snake.

B.
Tagebuzzit, a handful, B.
Egedi, Ajedi, sand, pi. Igedan,

Han. Ho. Tejldet, sand,

Ben. Musa.
AgXlI, AjiiX, bird, pi. IgSaS.
Ajdit, water-skin. Ho. See

Edid, Aidld.
Agadel ne tafok, sunset, B.
Agidelsit, full day, B.
Tagedunfist, sort of carpet, B.

Arab. Tanfase, Gr. raTrry;.
Agadir, a wall, Ar. Jedar, Heb.

Giderah). AgSjIr, town wall,

Songhay).
Agadir, Ejedar, an eagle (vul-
ture, B.), pi. Igderan (so

Songhay).
Igidirxan, pi. hail^Igederez,

of Han. Poet. 8.
Ag^des, country, region, De

Slane. rA|;adez, name of a

town talking Songhay, on

S.W. comer of Tuarik land.]
Agadiz, family, B.
Egef, sand hill, pi. Igefan

S mountain, Songhay], dim.
?egeft, dune, pi. Tigefln.
Egefk, date stone, B.
Ejaj, B. (Egag, Shil.), thunder,

thunderbolt. Ajijei, thunder,

Duv. Ghat.
Agojil, Agohil, orphan, heir.
Agagonil, rainbow, B.
Tag6ih, fiddlebow, H.
Tagohtr? *' witness," pi. Tigo-

haren, B. {fern. ? does this

mean testimony ?)

Digitized by

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TUABIK NOUNS, NOT TEBBALS.

187

Giak, a Kttle (powder) pauhtm,
B.

fAgel, place, B. 228. See Edej.

Ajekar, shepherd's crook, B.

Egil, gunpowder, B., qu.=
Akal, pulvis ?

Igillan, womb, B.

Gelguttan, pelican, also spoon-
bill (mcB.), pi. Gelgutteten.

Tagela, Tegilla, bread baked in
file ground, a scone? F., pi,
Tigellawin, H., B. (Takelit,
Songhay). See Tekaya. Te-
gilla, perhaps, a sqtiare cake ;
for TegiUalauet, is inter-
preted, with four edges.

Agelmus, black veil, pL Igul-
mas, H.

Aj^ma, the desert, H. ; but
" Ageme," in B., is merely
the outside. So in Arab.
Barru, outside; Barriya, the
country outside.

Agamba, river horse, pi. Igam-
baten.

Tagemt, camel's nose ring, B.

Agamek, alphabet, B.

Tagumast, molar tooth.

Egen, army, pi. IgSnan, H. F.

EgShen, warlike expedition,^?.
Ig-hanen, B. ; dim. Tegent,
pi. Tigenin, H.

Agana, die smallpox, H.

T^genit, ear of com, B.

TaJDit, sword, Ben Musa,
— razor ?

Agenna, Ajenna (Axinna, B.),
heaven, pi. Ijennawen, etc.
(Aigini, E.); eginan, rain,
F., but qu.

The Libyans, instead of It rodns^
are apt to say the heaven
heats ; hence Europeans may
easily mistake the word
heaven for rain. Yet if
Freeman correctly has " Ye-
mus akal en eginan," for,
**It is a day of rain," we
seem forced to render Eginan
rain, much as it looks like
the plural of his word Aigina,
heaven. Barth gives Axinna,
heaven, and Ajinne, rain ;
for which he also hasAkonay.
Arabic Jenna^ ** garden (of
Eden)," gives the moral sense
of Heaven; but Agenna,
Ajenna, seem only to take
the physical sense Sky. Yet
since in Haussa Heaven is
Alitxana, evidently for JEl-
ienna, I conclude that the
^Libyan Ajenna is an Arabic
importation.

Tiganbalin, heavy javelins, H.

Agangera, wild boar, H. (dia-
lect of Tuat),/<w». pi. Tigan-
geratin, wild sows.

Agingera, species of antelope, B.

Aginena, bank of a stream, F.,
pi. Igenanaten.

Agor, spear, also eunuch, pi.
Igorawen, B.

Ger, between.
Tagar, joint ? B.

Agora, s^n bag for meal, pi.
Igerawen, H.

Ageru (figar, B.), frog, pi.
Igeruten, H.

Agerui, scabbard, pi. Igeruin.

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188

TUABIK WOUNS, NOT VEBBALS.

Agarayan, small black lizard, B.
Egeriu, sea, great riyer, pL

Egeriwen.
Tegardammat, kite (bird), B.
Tegergerit, long chain for

catching fish, B.
Tigirgest, shoulder, pi. Tigir-

gas, B. Tigirges, breast, B.
Ag^rik, skin for baggage, B;

dim, Teg^rik, nose bsig, B.
Tegeruk, heavy cloud, Fr., pi.

Tigerukin, B., F.
Girrim, covering (of boat), qu.

awning? B.
0*egerrar, a peg, B.
Tagerest, winter (also, old age,

Ajais, bastard, pi, Ijuyas, H.

Ag-ais, son of horse, i,e. horse-
man ; pi. Kel-iyesan, B.

Agus, the South, B.

Tagese, Tagexe, sister's son,
B. (sic),

Tegias, tattooing, B.

Agent, abundance, F., na from
verb Eggut.

Agit, pole (for boat or tent),
pi, Ig€tan, B. (cf. Ar.
Saidan), dim. Tegittewen,
legs of bedstead, B.

Agox, ankle bone, B.

Agezzar, war, pi. Igezzaren,H.

Agazar, B. (Ar. butchery ?)

Gozema, long dagger, B.

Tigezan, the spleen, B.

r.

Tacat (Tifsi), she goat, pi, TJUi.
Tafait, a bottom, a dell, H.

A[aba, bridle, pi, I(;dbataii, F.

(Erraba, B.), so Songhay.
A [id, kid, pi. I(idan, Heb. and

Ar.
Tafeda, spear, pike, pi. Tifeda-

win, H., Duv. Ghat.
Fadile, a packet, B.
Afaddr, town wall, B. (see

Agadir).
Todn, pistol, Duv. Ghat.
Ifef, head (jce<\>'aK7i) , pi. Iffa-

wen.
Afufa, garden, Ben Musa, pi.

Ifufen. [Gabi'f, in Mozab

and Wadreng.]
I(;efednan, entrails.
iSfefutin, platters, H. Tafa-

hut, pi. Tifa, dish, F.
Tafahamt, house, H., F. (Ta-

raxam, B., r male).
Afahar (Efaxar, B. Efzer, Kab.),

valley with stream, H., river,

H.
A(il, arm, side, half; ell, yard ;

right side, hiWstdef (right

arm, F.), pi. Ifillan. 8ee

Aril.
Tafala, a peculiar trot, B., an

amble ?
Afaleg, raven, pi. I[;algiwen, H.
Ta|;lamt (Tolamt, B.), a riding

she camel, H., pi, Tolemin.
Afilas, panther, leopard? /.

Ta(ilast. See Anaba.
Tafma, thigh. (TarSma, Song-
hay, B.)
Tafemirt, elbow, pi. Tifamir, B.
Ta|nimast, eyetooth, B. p. 630.
Tafenaut, dysentery, B.
Afan, Ufan, cord, tie, mesh, pi.

Digitized by

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TUABIK NOUNS, NOT VEKBALS.

189

Ifunan, H., F. (from verb

Iqqan).
Ta(;aiiat, a basket, F.
Afer (Afere, B.), shield, pi,

Iferan, H.
Afurem, back, dim. Tafiiremt,

cervix.
Aferessil, inferior shield, B.
Efair, copper, F.
Afura (Enarar, winking, B.),

the dawn.
Efirreu, the sea, great river,

B., pi. I(irriwan (see Egeriu).

Efirreu wa yesimmen, the

salt river, i.e. the sea, B.
Tdfara, good behaviour, F.
Tifara, a body, pi. Tifarawen,

F. ? But see Tafasa.
Tafaraut, catarrh, pi. Tifera-

win.
Afarabu, a bier, H.
Aferef, travelling bag, valise,

H.
Tafuraffaft, full female breast,

B. SeelMet
Aferiwal, noon.
Aferem, city, pi. Ifinnan, dim.

Taferemt, town, pi. Tifer-

man.
Ta^arlnit, condition, pi. Ta^a-

riwenit {eic) F.
Tafarinit, character, pi. Tafarl-

nesan {sic) F.
Taferar, jLc, camel sacks, H.
Eferrer, small torrent, B. See

Afahai:.
Igerragen, ^?. camel's dung, H.
Afaras (Shilha), road, way (of

life), pi. (Tu.)Ifuras, forests,

M.

Efas, bone, limb, pi. If^san.
Taj;asa, pi. Tifasawen, a
living body, F. See Tifara.

Afatim, shoe, pi. Ifatimen, H.
See Ebuxege.

Ehi (=Izi), a fly, pi. Ihan

(Ixan, B.), dim. Tehit, pi.

Tihan.
Ahu (Afu, Ghad.), smoke, pi.

Ahuten.
Tehi, a defile? H. (Gizi of

Kab. ?)
Tihai, dusk, darkness, Fr.
Tuhi, foot of camel, B.
Tahau, chameleon, B.
Ehebeg, man's bracelet, pi.

Ihebegen, worn above the

elbow, H., for Ezbeg.
AhiS, ass, H. AxiS, B., H.

AziS, Ghad., pi. IhiSan, Ixi-

San,/. Tehii (TexeS, B.).
Tihid, a fathom, B.
OhuS, misdeed, crime, pi. Ohu-

Sen, F. (A for x to root Xad,

evil).
Ehai (EfaJ, Ghad.), night, pi.

IhaZan.
Ahayud, the mange.
Tehadadait, swollen eye, B.
Ehedel, calf, B. (Prod. Son.)
Ahador, full moon, B. 619.
(Ahufal ?), hair of sheep or

goats, pi. Ihafilen.
Ahogi, a foal. Tahogit, a filly.
Ahegim, cold on the chest, B.
Ahafer, tops of mountains, H.
£hakit, skin tent, H. Ehikten,

pi. f flesh of the heart, B.

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190

TUABIK NOUNS, NOT TEBBALS.

Tehak, mouthful, B.
Tehakkein, articles of glass, H.
Ehikomaren, cheese, B.
Tehali, ewe, H. pi. sheep, B.
Ahalu, dimple, B.
Tehellumt, a bridle, Duv. Ghat.
Tehalgi, left (hand), F. K.

Texalgi, B.
Hildake, large ant, B.
Ahellun, solder, B.
Ahulaf, he-goat (Exolak, B.,

Asolak, Songhay).
Tahal6halai, long lasting rain,

B.
Ahulil, wild ass, H., young

ass, B.
Hulan, greatly : but in F.

mostf futKurra. Hence, Yes!
Halis, Alis, a man, vir,
Hamis, dromedary, Duv. Ghat.

But see Kamis.
Ehni, blood, F. (for Axeni), pL

Ihnitan.
Ehan, chamber of tent, home ;

pi, Ihenan, dim. Tehant. pi.

Tehanin.
Tehainawi, gum of the teeth, H.
Ihankarayen, stones for a fire-
place in cooking, B.
Tehaninet, compassion, B. F.

H., pi. Tihunan, F. (Ar.

Heb.)
Hannis, wife, partner, B.
Tehunit (Tahdnit, B.), rock,^?.

TihuD, said of the material, as

Saxum.
Tehunt, anvil, B.
Ehinaq, army, Ben Musa.
Ahenka2 (Aiienkaz, AxinkaS,

Azenkaz), gazelle.

Eheri, flock, property, ph Ihe-

riwen, money, B. 196.
Ahir(Afir, Ghad.), the lion, B.

F. (leopard, H.), pL Eheran,

B. 139. Tahirt, lioness.
Teher, small torrent, Ben Musa

(forTefher?).
Tahere, eye water, B.
Tahore, business, B. See Yerb

Ahar.
Aheret (Harret, B.), thing, pi.

Ihareten.
Tehrey? an affair, (F. has

Yehreyd (sie) p. 38.
Tahuri, the (lai^e) hyaena, H.

(Tasori, Songh., B.)
Ahwar, carpet, B. dim. Tah-

wart, pi. Tihuwaren, F.
Tahurt, door, H. F. (perhaps

Curtain f), Zab. Tawwort,

Gabburt.
Ahara2, a contract, pi. Iha-

raien, F. (from Arab. Xara^p.)
Tehardenit, guitar, B.
Aharak, rope passing over tent

poles, B.
Hargita, harpoon with 3 or 4

barbs, B.
Aharrer, salt incrustation, B.
Ahis, moderate rain, B.
Tahist, flame, B.
Tihaten, pi. sheep, B.
Ahatem, oil, Ben Musa( = zeit ?)
Tah^tamfla, compassion, Fr.

(or Tahd tam61a inest mise-

cordia ?)
Tehetint, box, pi. Tibetan, Fr.
Ehixk, a tree, B.,' for Ixik

ofH.
Tahizzak, duckweed, B.

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TT7AEIK NOUNS, NOT YBBBALS.

191

A£i, milk, pL I£awen, all sorts
of milk, B. A£ ordinarily
means sour milk. To dis-
tinguish it as fresh the
epithet Wd yekafayen is
added.

A£at, ostrich, Ho. See Anz.

A££a, an animal, (especially
wild) pi. A££uten, perhaps
connected with Heb. Ilaya,
life, animal.

Ta£far, onion, j??. Te£faren, B.

TeRsa, a ewe {[for Tekse ? verb
Iks], pi, Tifsiwin, sheep or
goats, H.

Ta£xit, secrecy, B. ^J*^ ob-
texit.

ARxinxur, beetle, B.

ARurhi, the fenek (fox), /.
Ta£hurhit, H.

Eke, root, B., Aim, pi, Tekwin,

B.
Takoy, echo, B. Also Amsa-

wsd.
Ta*ukki, worm, H.
Tekaya, loaf baked in wen

{Verb Toka?), pi, Tikaya-

wen, F. (So Ghad.) See

Tegilla.
Takat, a noise, H.
Takia, eggs, — Ben Musa.
Takot, a gift, a treat, a pension,

a funeral feast, H. 181, but

with De Slane a flower.
Takiiba, sword, pi, Tikubatin,

H., B. (Songh.).

Akabar, caravan, pi. Akwabir,

Ikeberan, B. See Terekeft.
Akabor, sparrow, B.
Eebbis, handful in closed flst,
. B.
£kedi, rock, pi, Ikediwen, H.

Ikaduwen, stones, Duv. Ghat,
Tekedimmety a pinch (as of

snuff), B.
IkaSen£en, Ika£ka2en, H., blue

shirts.
Ikafayen, milk fresh and sweet :

shortened from A£ wa ika-

fayon.
Takafet, scum of jnilk {sic, B.),

not cream, which he calls

Afarar.
Akfor, valour, B.
Tikefren, charity upon some

one's death, B.
Kogeri, stalk, reed, cane, B.
Ek^hi, cock, pi, Ik^han, F.,

H. See Ikez. Takehit, hen,

Duv. Ghat.
Kekka, outside of tent, B.
Akaikai, a weaver, B.
Takukait, cocoa nut, B.
Kekkaben, peel, husk, B.
Kaukauna, water melon, B.

(Kank^na, melon, Songhay. J
Kokoro, a nag, B.
Kel, people, folk, Arab. *Ahl.
Akal, land, a land, pL Ikallen.
Akala, a string or row.
Tekelt, a foot measure, pi.

Tekel, Fr. (from Arab. Keile,

a dry measure ?).
Tikli, na march, gait, going.

(verb lost ; see Akel : a de-
rivative is Sikel, Sokal.)

Digitized by

Google

192

TITABIK NOUNS, NOT YEBBALS.

Akli, negro slave, or simply

domestic ; pi. Iklan, /. Tak-

lit, pi Tiklatin.
Kildeka, large black ant, B.
Ealokalo, the lotus, B.
Ikulamen, sheep without wool,

H.
£alenki, red maize, B. «
Tukemet, leather worm, B.
Takambut, red cap, B. Ti-

kumbut, Duv. Ghat.
Ekimdal, worm whose bite is

painful.
Akamkom, beak of bird, B.

(chin in Kab.), perhaps here

Aqamqom = Aqamum of Kab.
Tikammerin, cheeses, H.
Kamis, a camel, Duv. Ghat.

See Hamis.
Tikemsin, gowns, shirts (Ital.

and Arab.).
Ikmex, thumb (or Egemex),

B. Arab. Ekmiz, he pinched.
Akon, hoe for sowing, B.
Akonay, rain, B.
Ayakin, the multitude, B.
Ak^yun, small (land ?) tortoise,

B.
Akokehat, full moon, B.,p. 619

(also Ahad5r).
Ikni, twin, pL Ikniwen, fern.

pi, Tikniwin.
Ikewen, guinea worm, B.
Tekwina, a pipe, H., Duv.,

Ghat.
Tekindemen, woolly sheep, B.

See Ikulamen.
Tekenesit, squirrel ? B.
Akor, mouse, B. See Akuti

and Irallen.

Ekkor, four, Duv. Ghat.
Akirt, young bird, B., pL

Ikirtan.
Akoreu, dense (forest), sic B.

It looks like a participle

Taqoren, dry.
Akerwa, H., Kiruwan, B.,

young ram, pL Kiniwaten.

See Abagug.
Karbindu, bench, B.
Tekarda, paper, Gr. ^afyrl,

an amulet ?
Tekardafen, knots in a cane, B.
Karkora, head, B., dim, Tekdr-

korit, crown of head, B.
Takarokarit, cleansed cotton (a

verbal?), B.^pL Tikurtikaren.

See Fas^nit.
Akurem, the back, Ghad.=

Aruri, B.=A[;urem.
Takarambet, skm, B.
Akorunkayen, fisherman, B.
Ikararen, whiskers, B.
Akrar, ram. Ho Sergoo. See

Akerwa.
Tikroriyen, upper room, B.
Akurs, throat, dim. Takursit, B.
Tikeroast, copper cup, B.
KirtSbe, trowsers, B., Duv.

Ghat. Kerteb, trowsers, Ben

Musa.
Akes, cock, pi. Ikesan, B.

(Ekez, H., better. See

Ekehi,>w. Tekazit, T6kahit,

H., hen ; Tekaxit, Tekaxilt

(Hc)y B., pl. Tikdhatin, etc.)
Akus, dish, milkpail, pl. Ikas-

sen (Heb. Kus, cup ; Arab.

Kuz), dim. Takust, drinking

cup. Ikesan, dishes, B. 178.

Digitized by

Google

TUAKIK NOUNS, NOT VEKBALS.

193

Ak^, ramy sefason, B.

Ek^se, wax.

Tikist, a patch? B. 185. Ta-

gaf tikist, " I mend," B.
Akilsisy calabash for holding

water, B.
Akuti, rat, or mouse, pL

Ikutiyen, H.
Takuti, H., Takot, B., gift,

alms, fdneral feast.
Tekatkat, smock &ock, B.
AkS,tel, crocodile, B. See

Arati. [One may suspect

that Ara,tel, A^ate is more

correct.]
AkS,t6s, fainting, B.
Ekex=Ekey, cock.
Akxal, muscle, B.
Akxar, upper arm, B.

L.

XJl, heart, H. (XJlhi, B.), pi

TTlawen.
TJlli, flock, esp. goats.
£le, fata morgana, B.
Bi, black pepper, B.
Alawa, a purge, B.
Ila, a leaf, pi. Ilaten, H., pi.

Alan, B.
Teli, shade (shadow, H., p. 148),

Tilawin, H., B.
Illi, met. Hit, daughter, pi

Set, Xet, B.
Elu, elephant, pi. Eluan, H.,

B. ( Verb Ilu, he was strong.)
Aliwen, soup, B.
Eli wen, hair of the eyelash, B.
Wallya^ stork, B.

Awal, Lat. vox, utterance,
speech. Root of verb Siwel.

Tela, cattle, herd ; also Tela or
Aitli, chattels, H.

Tallit, a month (Ghadamsi).
See Tallilt, below.

Talla, God. Probably Arabic.

lUebek, mud, B.

Awal, eye, Ghadamsi, j?/. Awe-
Ian, eyes (Tuarik of Ben
Musa). Alkn, eyes, Eab.

Aliad, boy, child, pi. Iliaden :

1^^and*^!> Taliad, girl, B.
Aledax, lion's cub, B.
Talefaat, pod, hull, pi Tilfasin,

B., H.
Ilji, sheep. Ho., South Tuarik.

Tolug, goat. Ho., Sergoo.
Al^ges, son-in-law.
Telegest, skin on nail, B.
Ileggan, eyebrows, B.
Allaf ? iron lance, pi AUafen,

H., dim. Telaft (Telaq H.),

dagger, pi Tilefin. (Song-
hay, Txelak.)
Alafod, young camel, B.
Til(;edi, trickery, H., na of a

verb?
Tila(;la|;en, gillsofacock; lobes

of the ears, B.
Tllihin, outside, H. (Ag^ma,

B.)
Eloki, a calf, pi. Ilokian, B.
Telak, lime, B.
T61ak, deep place in river, B.
T61ik, louse, pi Tilkin, B.
Telakat, bit (of bridle), B.
Ill^ket, branch of Ixee, pi

Illiktan, B.

13

Digitized by

Google

194

TUABIK KOTJITS, NOT TERBALS.

Tewallakaten, pL ? the palate,

B.
Elaklf, saddle B. (Songhay),

pi Ilekfan, H. See Tarikt.
Tdekkenit, cooking pot, B.
Elel, rhododendron, H.
IMen, baggage, B., from verb

Hal, aid.
Tallilt, month, i?/. Tillal, Talill,

Tillilen, H. (not in B.) But

Telilt, aid, F. from Yelil.
Lemu, coloc3rnth, B.
Allm, shore, margin? B.
Hem, skin, pi. Uemawen (Kab.

Aglim). Telemsut, skin,

Ho., South Tu.
Lumet, measles, B.
Talemt, Tolamt, she camel (of

burden), pi, Tillemin, To-

lemin, Tullemin, for Taflemt

or Talfemt.
Alimnu, young of antelope,

mohr, B.
IlemmaXen, poor people, H.
Hm^sen, reeds, H.
Telumxa, basin, pL Telumx-

awen, F.
Almaz, sunset, H. (Afenfan,

Ohad.) Almos, time of

prayer after sunset, B.
Alemmuz, herbs, fodder, H.

(anything to ewallow ? verb

Hmaz.)
Alun, grain of all sorts, B.
Awllen, summer. [B.

Ilingeya, calf, pi, Hingeyaten,
Telaq, dagger, H. See Telaft.
lies, tongue, pL Hsawen, H. ;

dim, Tilist, slowness of

tongue, B.

Yules, pi, Yulesan, cheese of

sour milk, H.
Telsak, a fleece, B. 180.
Husin, brother-in-law, pi.

Ilusenan, B., fern. Telusln.
Teltak, earwax, B.

Ma, mother (in composition, as

Agma, etc.).
Em, price, B. (Em, when? Fr.).
Imi (Em, B.), mouth, pi. Ima-

wen, H.
Yuma, large (sea ?) tortoise, B.
Amaway, leader, from Yerb

Awi, bring, lead.
Tamai, young of ass, B. See

Tamainuk.
Tamaya, barb of spear, B.
Temit, navel.

Amidde, ink, B. (Arab. Mi^d).
Midden, men, viri, H. Meden,

B. (Mutan, Haussa).
Meddan, children, H., F.
Amidi, companion,. from verb

Idiu.
AmidI, mountain of sand. Ho.
Muda, asmall measure : modiue f
Amdar, giraffe,^/. Imide^an.
TimiZi, a hundred, pi, TimaZ,

H.
Temedent, herd of 100 head, B.
Amadol, place of pasturage, B.

Verbal? place of rearing , if

from Dul.
Tamedlelt, antelope, baqar el

waUx, Huv.
Amadel, halter of camel, B.
Ama£al, ground, soil, area,

district.

Digitized by

Google

TUABIK NOUNS, NOT VEEBALS.

195

Temacl3,let, gale of wind, B.
Amedrui, stranger, H., Kab.

Gr. p. 349.
MedaXy saddle, B.
Mag6dar, lizard, pi. Imig^da-

ren, B.
Temagelait, large company, B.,

from ofyiXrj ?
Imeggel, kind of snake, B.
Amgar, combat, H., encounter?

See the Yerb Ager.
Am agar, guest — also host ; pi.

Imagaren, H., from verb

Emger.
Amagur, old camel, pi. Imugar.
Am(id, vassal, pi. Im[ad (said

especially of the vassal tribes

of Tuarik).
Tamafedart, pistol, B.
Amfar, a chief, old man, alder-
man, pi. Imfaren, H. Tam-

fart, dame, lady, pi. Tim[arin.
Ama|;ar, a guest, pi. Ima(tu*en,

B. [H. has g, not f; more

correctly. From verb Emger.]
Amafri, afternoon, Fr.
Amaferas, the itch, B.
Mahellen, the milky way, B.
Imahalen, Ima5alen, domestics.

From Ayal, to run ?
Temaket, a bottle, F.
Amikli, dinner, Fr. See Yerb

Ekel, also Imiklo.
Amekkelu, sorcerer, B., /. Ta-

mekkelut.
Amalu, bullock, B.
Timulatin, wooden ladles, H.
Amelejji, a flower, H., dim.

Tamelejjit, pi. Timelejjatin,

M.

Amdlakis, the liver, B.

Amellal, antelope addax, H.

Tamellolot, moonlight.

Temelilt, sand, B. (Talamme-
det, Songhay).

Si Tamelilt, in turn, H.

Mulul, com worm, B.

Amulas, spotted grey horse, B.

Temulast, a mare, H.

Mimi, spur, pi. Mimltan, H.

Tamemt, honey, H.

Iman, self, soul, selves.

fiman, barrel of gun.

Aman, pi. water, pi. of pi.
Amanen.

Amen, fish, B., pi, Im^an, H.

Amaina, the East, B.

Manna, dearth, scarcity, B.

Amnai, rider, pi. Imnayen ;
from verb Inai, Kab. Inig.

Amawan, rider, from verb Iwan,
he mounted.

Tamainuk, young of ass, B.

Temankayt, middle pole of
tent, pi. Temankayan, B.

Amenokal, king. Tamenokela,
chief officers, the Govern-
ment.

Amanun, dromedary, H.

Amanar, the Gross (constella-
tion), B.

Am^nls, Amnis, baggage-camel,
pi. Im^nas, Imnas.

Amensi, supper — ^verbal from
Ins?

Temannas, copper cup, B.
Wanas, copper, brass, Ghad.
Temanast, a cup, pi. Time-
nasen, F. — ^Ar. NeHas, cop-
per.

Digitized by

Google

196

TUAEIK NOUNS, NOT VEKBALS.

Temantest, spark, pL Teman-

tesin, B.
Amqaren, aged, Ben Ifusa.
Emir, season, crisis, epoch, time.

Emir enni, at that crisis, just

then. Anemir, still, yet.
Ameri (Amerhi), Mend ; from

verh Erhi.
Amarau, father, gmitor. See

Aran, among Yerhs.
Tamart, heard.
Tamarait, porcupine, B.
Tamarrowani, heads, B.
Temaregext, wild heasts (prow-
lers ?), B., from verh Ergex,

walk.
Ameriggiz, footman ( ped^Sy

foot soldier), B., from verh

Ergex.
Marakafe, rice hoiled with

meat, B. From Ar. Maraqa ?
Amaruwas, deht in trade, B.

(capital advanced ?)
Timarzet, shroud, B.
Mas, paternal uncle, B.
Mess, H. (MesI, F.,B.), master,

ph Messan, H. Hence the

names Massinissa, Massiva,

etc.
Massa, mistress.
Am^si, the rectum, B.
Ammas, Amas, the middle

[also Elemmas, as (f Arahic]
Ames, camel, for Amenis.
Timsi, fire, pi, Timsawin, H.

(Ef;§u, B.) Timesi, hell fire,

F.
Tamsigenaut, heavy rainclouds,

B. (from Kah. Asigna).
Amselai, hridegroom. — Kab.,

IsH, /. Gislit. Temaselait,

hride, B.
Timsennawan, small barbs, B.

8ee Asennan.
Amasur (Amaziir, B.), lower

arm, F., pi. Imausar, F.
Ams6ras, degree, step, pi.

Imseraran, F., perhaps from

verb Irs.
Tamasroit, damsel, ph Tamis-

royati, JB.
Timistdkaten, pi. ? amber, B.
Amistan, a defendant in law ?

B., but courage, F.
Tamaq^, Tamaqvpuf, woman.

[Tamot, Duv. Ghat.]
Imeqvpawen, pi. tears.
Ametlaki, a poor man, H. Kab.

Gr. p. 349.
Timetant, splinter, B.
Timetut, money, H., Kab., Gr.

p. 349. Timetawin, moneys,

H.
Amawaq^, adult youth, B., from

verb Ewaq^ ? fern. Tamawaf .
Timetralin, coins, * * douras," H*
Tamxit, a small skin, B.
Emma5, distrust, difi, H.
Amzad, a hair, a violin string ;

violin of one string; pL

Im5aden, tresses.
Timzagot, fist, B.
Temd5ug, ear, B. Temexek,

Ho., South Tu.
Amezzaf» encampment, from

verb Zaf, lodge.
Tamsak, fattened cow, B.
Tamzint, barley, Duv. Ghat.,

[Farkasubu, B.]
Amazur, lower arm, B.

Digitized by

Google

TUABHC NOUNS, NOT VEEBALS.

197

Ann, a deep well.

Anna, mother.

Yenai, new, /. Tenai, F.

Tenaya, authority, F. Perhaps
for Tenhaya, oversight. Verb
Enhi.

Anaya, song, B. (Ar. Fan-
nay a ?).

Ini, hue, colour, pi, Tniten, H.

Tenl, this year, B. (Arab.
SSne ?). TeninSa, last year,
B. SeeEnK.

Teini, H., Teheni, B., dates.

Awan, image, aspect? B. 165.

I wan, kine, B.

£)waD, state, H., state of day.

An§,bay, hole in a boat? B. 192.

Anaba, panther, pi. Inabaten,
H., according to the Ifufas
{i.e, dialect of Ghat).

Anubi, Aniba, bastard, pL
Inuba, H. (Anobe, B.), /.
Tanibut, pi. Tinuba, H.

Anabag, pan of gun, B., pi.
Inabagen, windows, B.

AinaS, blacksmith, farrier, Fr.

EnS, last ? latest ? pron. other,
alter. So NeS. EnMxel,
EnSixel, yesterday. Eni^-
haS, EnioJ, yesternight.

Tundl, mountain. Ho. Sergoo.

Tinder, mortar for pounding,
B.

Anderba, arrow, pi. Inderba-
ten, H.

Tendirbut, trap for gazelle, B.

Ennefet, steel for flint.

Tinefek, victuals, H.

Tanfost, a tale, narrative, pi.
Tinfosen.

Angi, abundance, H. An^i, a
torrent, B.

Anagud, shawl for the face, B.

Anjur, bridge of nose, B.
(Anxur? Anzar?)

Tinhar, nose (for Tinzar), Duv.
Ghat.

AngaOman, paternal uncle, B.
See Mas.

Neggor, brown (of horse), B.

Tenegeut, na roar, roaring, F.
(Kab. Inijju?).

Inf^las, tender herbage, B.

Tenfarbit, dish, F.

Tonafrift, a small box, F., pi.
Tinafrifen.

Enhad, smith, worker in metal,
pi. Inh&den, B. fern. Ten-
had, pi. Tinhadin.

Enehel, ostrich, pi. Inihal.

Enhar, gazelle, fern. Tenhar,
pi. Tinharin.

InhS,ren, eyelashes, H.

Tindharen, goodness, protec-
tion.

Anukman, a crowd, F.

En^li, guinea corn, millet.

Tinelli, thread, pi. Tinelwa, H.

Anmiger, a degree, step, pi,
Anim&geren, Fr., seemingly
a verbcd of vr

Anamehal, Aname5al, a do-
mestic, from verb Ayal, run ?
See Ihle in the Verbs.

Tanemmirt, benediction, H.
(muttMl wishes, from Irha,
he loved, wished ?)

Animaf^aden, foster brothers,

Digitized by

Google

198

TVABIK NOUNS, NOT YEBBILS.

B.; rather Anima^afen,
from verb If ef , he sucked.

Anaina, a bell, pL Inainan, F.

Taneqqisty tale, story, H. Arab.

Enur, light ; Ainlr, a lamp ; Fr.

probably both mere Arabic.
Teneri, pi. Tin^rewin, the open

country, rus, the hedu of

Arabic. Han. and B. render

it "the plain"; F. "the

country '*; Faidherbe "the

forest."
Enner, honte, shame, H. ; also

Enner — enner, if — then.
Tannert, skin bag, H.
Teneroit, boa, huge serpent, B.
Inirkeb, stirrup, B. (from Ar.

Rekeb, ride).
Anirkeben, rivals, B.
En^rer, dawn, B. Enareren,

winkings, gleams (of light).
Tensit, leg, Ho., South Tu.
Tinsi, toe, pL Tinsawen, B. ;

also cloven hoofs, B.
Enisd6ben, bridegroom, pL Inis-

duban, F., like Enisbahut,

seems to be a compound.

See Deben or Debon under

the Verbs.
Anasdamu, husbandman; pL

Inisduma, B.
Tainust, gum (of tree), pi. Ti-

nusin, H.
Ansan, meat, flesh, F. See

Isan.
Tanast, lock, pi. Tinasin, H.

See Asaru.
Tunis, key, Ben Musa. Tu-

nest, key, Oh ad.

Tawinist, buckle of horse's

girth, B.
Eneti, beginning, F. (Lat. Ini-

tium), hence verb Asinti.
Tunti, female, H., Tunta, Fr.

(Arab. OnOa), pi. Tuntawen,

F.
Teawent, a ford, B.
Tanaf , counsel, H., Tanhad, B.
Tenxit, bow. Ho., Tu., cf. Ar.

Noxxaba, arrow.
In^xan, agony, death struggle,

B.
Inxeran, pi.? mucus of nose, B.
Tanexromi, backbone, B.
Tanasrufet, desert plain, B.
Tinezemmart, wave, B. Its

plural seems to be Tinezam-

mer, rendered oar, by some

slip of the pen, perhaps.

Q.

Euqi, bracelet. At Tuat, wo-
man*8 bracelet, H.

R.

Er, branch of river, B.

In (Eri, B.), neck, nape, pi.

Irawen, H. Iran, stars,

Duv. Ghat, as Ghadamsi.
Am, dense (forest), B.
Era, debt of blood, B.
Ara ? pi. Araten, fruits, B.
Awara, young camel, B. Aura

6!"' pi. Ymm, H.
Arewi, a cord, pi. Iriwan.
Tara, affection, F. for Tarha,

verb Irha.

Digitized by

Google

TTTABIK NOUNS, NOT TERBALS.

199

Taraya, archer's bow, B. See

Tenxit.
Tarrait, the street, K. Kab. Gr.

p. 349.
Turawen, lungs, B.
Tarut, heat of day, ten o'clock,

H. See verb Irra.
Taraut, honey, B. (=Taniemt,

with all others).
Ayyor, the moon {aUo a month,

B.), pi, Ayyoran.
Eribbe, pupil of eje, pi. Iraben,

B.
Erd, pL Irden, wheat.
Ered, ox leather, B.
Aridal, hyena, B. {See Ifis in

Kab. and Tahuri.)
Iredem, cold, fri^us, Ben Musa,

and B. p. 620.
Ireddixan, ribs, B.
irrda3, thunder, F., also Shil.
Toraffc, boat, pi Torefi, B.

(Turiffc, pi. Turifen, F.)
Yerlfl, N.E. wind, B., hot wind,

Shil.
Oreg, corner of the eye, B.
Arg^, tail, H.
Areggan, active camel (Errigga,

B.), pi. Iregganen, H.
Arajut, goblet, B. Awellim.
Tarahod, heat of the d,ay, B.

for Tallarut. See Tarut.
Aruku, camel's saddle, for bag-
gage, B. dim. Tarik, rider's

saddle, pi. Tirikin, H. So

DuT. camel saddle, j?/. Tirek-

kin, B.
Turik, female antelope, B. —

Oryx?

Arkit, wilderness, forest, B, —
Aruk, d°- B. p. 625.

Iwarkay, duty, F.

Erkod, eloquence {sie B.).

Tarakeft, caravan : TaraJiqt in
Shilha (group of travellers
with pack-animals), pi. Tire-
kifin. Heb. and Arab. jSayE;^^.
The word has found its way
into Songhay [or inverse
from Rafiq ?], B. Duv. Ghat.

Aril, half, B. p. 621 for Afil.

Oril, memory, B. 158. See
verb Yafil.

Arekkun, packsaddle of ass,
B.

Ar^lad, a fence ? B. 186,

Taralgi, rahmi {sic B.), carrion-
kite? vultur percnopterus ?

Irammedan, tongs, B.

Arammin, ant hill, B.

Terammert, angle, B. comer?

Arinmin, nerve, B.

Aran, leathern rope, ji?/. Ironan,
B. dim. Tarant, pi. Tironin,
B.

Turna, disease, F. H. for Tur-
hana? from Erhin. pi. Tur-
nawen, F.

Aranib, a pen, B. 173.

Arm, B. 201, direction ? It is
singular, arin toa n afll.

Rur, a son, B. pi. Daj. Terert,
nation, B. ; aUo a cup, B.

Aruri, the back, B. and Ben
Musa, Duv. Ghat. (Akurem,
Ghad. As rur, Kab. and A(Tur.
backbone). Asrur, V.

Eurret, the whole, all, B. Not
in Han.

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200

tOABIK NOUNS, NOT VEEBALS.

Baret, sudden death, B. (of

horse ?).
Tdrari, boiled rice, B.
Ararlby kind of flute, B.
Ararkob, crest (of cock), B.
Erdrar, glen, valley, B. dim.

Terarart, cavity, B.
tTrer, mountain, Ho. (South

Tu. and Wadreag.)
Taras, dew, B.
Tiris, shallow well, B.
Arasuwe, shawl for the shoul-
der, B.
Iwursakka, ceiling, B.
Tarassalumet, skin for butter,

B.
Arata, crocodile, B. But see

Akatel.
Bixaba, a shirt.
Taraxam, Taraxamt, a house,

pi. Tarixmin, B. See Ta£a-

hamt, for Tafaxamt.
Tarazzut, goblet, B. dim. of

Arajut ?
Erezigen, tame animals. B.
Targzek, a ditty, B.

S.

Ais, horse, pi. lyesan.

Esu, bull, pi. Esuan, H., hut
Asau, pi. Isuanen, B.

Tes, cow, pi. Tisita.

Ansa, liver complaint, B. Tesa,
liver, vitals, womb.

Asawa, iron hammer, B. Te-
sa wa, lead; a bullet, shot,
pi. Tisawaten.

Tasit, grindstone.

Tesit, glass, spy glass, mirror,
pi. Tisatin.

Tausit, a tribe, pL Tuyijsi, B.,
also Teusit, tribute, B. Tau-
sit, mat of reed, B.

Tasuwit, one strip of a shirt,
pi. Tfsuwat, B.

Saba, maize, B. p. 633.

Sibi, black maize, B.

Is^ban, Isabbaten, earrings, B.

Tasubbadar, great holiday, B.

Asabor, white foot (of horse),
B.

Isabaren,. mats, H.

Asiddi, rope for securing the
calves during night, B.

Esid, cooking place, B.

Tesedut, fresh butter, B.

Tesddin, sweetmeats, B.

Tesedain, palm trees, H.

Tesadalt, egg, pi. Tisadalin, B.

Tisdant, mouthpiece of pipe, B.

Tis^das, the ends of the tar-
paulins, B. 177.

Asaf, nave of mosque, B.

Isuf, gifts, H.

Tisifuft, bark of tree, B.

Asufar, medicine, B., pi. Is4-
faran, F. [In Y. Isafir;
perhaps Shilha.]

Tasuferit, water skin, B. See
Edid.

Tasege, haunch, B., pL Tise-
guwin.

Tasugit, young tree, bush, B.

Tesaggad, feathers, B.

A siggefi, funnel, B.

Isiguge, poles of bedstead, B.

Asaggim, bowstring, B.

Segimgim, breakfast, B.

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TT7AEIK NOITNS, NOT YEBBiXS.

201

Asgen, pL Isgan, resting place

of camels, H.
Asgin, hurdle of cattle pen, B.
Tasgint, chest of camel, B.
S^geni, indigo, B. [B.

Tesagenit, wooden butterpan,
Tesugenet, na, blame, F.
Tasuggonist, a chain, B.
Asgar, iron spear, B.
Tasgirt, tinder, B.
Tesiggert, string of beads.
Tasfalt, necklace, B.
Asfar, a stick, pi, Isfaren, H.

Esa^er, wood, B., pi. Isa-

faran, F., Duv. Ghat.
Asahek, a song, ballad singer, B.
Esek, a calf, B.

Isek, horn, pi, Iskawen, H. B.,
Tisek, a ring, H.
Asnkkod, finger, pi, Iskad,

p. 630, pi,, Isikkaden, B. 92.
Asaka, yearling camel, H., pi,

Isakan.
Tesokalt, spoon, B. Sukalt,

d°. Duv. Ghat.
As&k5k,nest,B.p.627. Esarek,

"eggs," 214; perhaps then

it is Asafok.
Tesakkanat, a brooch or buckle

for the dress. [B.

Asikarkar, mouthpiece of pipe,
Silla, sour milk, B. Esilla wa

yesimmen, very sour butter

milk.
Iseli, bare rock, H. Tiselit,

grotto, H., pi, Tisulai.

Iselsal, flagstone, H. Isailel,

the desert, H.
Tesali, ear-hole, B. YerbEsel?
Teselat, mat of grass.

Is^an, news ; perhaps reports^

audita.
Taswilt, sheet of paper, B.
Taselufet, camel's louse, pi.

Teselftn, B.
Asilka, drinking spoon, B.
Isulmi, fish, pi, Isulmin, H.
Asellum, writing table, B.
Asalte, oar, B.
Isem, name, footprint, pi, Is-

mawen, Heb., Ar., but an

ear (!), Duv. Ghat.
Asama, cushion, pi, Isumaten,

E. Oasum6a in Kab.)
Tis^mi'p, salt, B. See Tisint,

adj. Isimmen, salt or sour?

rather, bitter. So Simem, F.
Isimbo, a bee, pL Isimbawen,

B.
Isamban, pi, seeds, B.
Asamme^, cold, frigvs (Tesa-

murdi, d°. Ho., South Tu.)
Senn, tooth, B. (Arab, and

Heb. Xen).
Asin, tooth, pi, Isinen, Duv.

Ghat, and Ghadamsi. Bee

Axin.
Asennan, E., Isinnan, B., a

thorn.
Esin, broth, B.
Isan, flesh meat, H.,B. (Ansan,

F., Aisum, Ghad., Aksum,

Kab.)
Esan, lighting, B.
Tesint, salt. Ho., South Tu.

and Sergoo. Also Mozab.,

Shilha, and Ghad. See Tise-

mi'p.
Tdsenit, favourite horse, B.

(mare ?)

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202

TUABIK NOUNS, NOT TEEBALS.

Tesennity white star on horse's

forehead, B.
Tesennot, belly, Duv. Ghat.
Tesindert, joint of hand, B.
Tesinsak, bugle, B.
Soro, tower ? pillar^? B. (Song-
hay.)
Esar, iron spear, B. (See

Asgar.)
Aserwi, krge stirring spoon, B.
Asaru, a key, pi. Isura, H.

Asayar, a key, B. Tesera-

rift, d\ B.
Isuraf, the ways, roads, Ben

Musa.
Tiserrifin, loins, H.
Serhu, victory, glory, H. B,
Asurka, fisherman, B.
Esarek, *'egg8," B. 214; but

see Esakok.
Aserake, buffalo, B.
Isara^ (sic, B.), snuff. See

verbs Esrug, Isaraf.
Iserkowen, tanned hides, H.

(of buffalo?). ^ [B.

Esarim or Esalim ? river bank,
Serer, red beads, B. (coral ?),
Isarsar, a chain, F. (Ar.

Selsele). Asersar, Kab.
Tesirsan, horse's bit, B., qu.

chain curb ?
Isaraiteg, a comb, E.
Asis, earwigs, B.
Tusist, distress, F., pi. Tisesin.
Asoso, carpet, B., see Ahwar.

(Kab. verb Issu.)
Yesiska, chief, ^/. Isiskiwen,F.
Tasiskart, pole for hanging up

skins of milk, B. [B.

Sasangun, a fin, pi. sasanguten.

As^sar, chain, F. chain or collar

for neck of captives, B. See

Asersar above.
Asissdrake, snapping with the

ffngers, B.
Astik, donkey saddle, B.
Asetaktik, ramrod, B.
Astel, cock of gun ; also a nail,

pi. Istelen, B. [H.

Asatel,coverture,upper blanket,
Tisota, spittle, B.
Tesotsin, evening prayer, B.
Sawat, any animal for riding,

pi. Isawoten, B.
Isuwiten, chicks of guinea hen,

B.

T.

Ti, father, pi Ityan, H. Tis,

his father, is often used where

we expect ^*. So Baba-s in

Kabail.
Awatay, year, pi. Iwutien.
Ewod ! ho lad ! pi. Iwidet, ho

lads! fern. Etad! ho girl!

pl. Etidet! all imitating

imperatives, H.
Tidet, truth — an isolated nonn.

Perhaps from Tijedit,8traight
Itidim, people, folk, B.(=Idu-

net?).
Teatuf, small black ant, B.

[Teaiivufe, Kab.] Bead Tea-

Tuf.]
Tetuk, an object, a thing, B.
Tettuk {sic B.), expense.
Atamar, hope? "Okus n ata-

mar, despair," F., i.e. taking

away of hope ? [B.

Ateb, black shawl for the face,

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TUAKIK NOUNS, NOT YEEBAL8.

203

Autel, island, B.

Aitli, property, H. See Teli.

Atar, star, pi. Itaren.

Ataram, tlie "West, B.

Etaras, a plain, B.

Tisita, a sheep, Duv. Ghat,
(cows ?).

Tef , eye, source, pi. Tiffewen
(oftener pL Allan), Tattaui,
eyes, Dnv. Ghat.

Taiti, sagacity, counsel, atten-
tion (Songhay).

Titar, case, scabhard, sheath,
H., B.

Tatari, morning star, B.

X.

Xi, father, B.=Ti.

Texe, fre8hherbage=Kab.Tuja.

Axiyut, dry scab, B.

ExeS, an ass, pi. Ixiian(=

AhiI=A2lS),>»». TexeS, B.
Taxdait, date tree. [From this

word Hodgson derives our

European word date."^
Texigwalet, a whirlwind, B.

p. 620. See verb Ixwalet.
Axek, tree, bush, H. (Ehixk,

B. Exke De Slane), pi.

Ixkawen, shrubs, H. [also

herbs, H. p. 149], but qu.

Kab. Ixig, branch.
Ixkan, grass, Duv. Ghat.
Axku, negro child, pi. Ixkawen.
Texikkat, women's curls, B.
Exikkerax, field, garden, B.

(Kab. verb Ekrez.)
Axakal, pestle, B. [H.

Taxakalt, spoon, ^Z. Tixukalin,

Tixekkinet, mouthM. [eat.
Axekxu,food; from verb Ekxe,
Axel, day («=Ahel=»Azl) pi.

Ixilan, B.
Xil, by force.
Taxxelt, a viper, H.
Texalat, tusk of elephant, B.
Axolaq, he goat, B=Ah5laq =

Es'olak of Songhay. [B.
Axulaq, horse of peculiar color,
Texilgen, left side=Tehalgi.
Axelrohera, shabby garments,

B. 161.
Auxim, young of gazelle, B.
Exam, antelope urik, B.
Texim, fetters ? ankle cuflfs ? B.
Iximjel, slave. Ho., South Tu.

[Shilha Isimif.]
Aximmelex, evening star, B.
Exin, pi. Ixinan, teeth, H., as

Heb. IK^.
Axeni, blood=Aheni, Ehni.

Hausa Xini.
Ixennen, house (houses ?),

Duv. Ghat.
Ixinnawen, pi. heaven, B., for

Ijennawen.
Axengi, enemy, pi. Ixenga,

fem.pl. Tixenga.
Axink, Exink, pi. Ixinkawen,

porridge, B.«=Isinka of H.
Axawenk, a gallop, B.
Xunkot, a mongrel, B.
AxinkeX, gazelle ( =■ AhenkeZ =

AzinkeX), pi. IxenkaS.
Xinxar, nostrils, B.
Texori, sparks, B. 198.
Axirgix, cavalry, B., from verb

Ergix.
Axerik, sorcery, B.

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204

TUAMK NOUNS, NOT YEEBALS.

Xet, daughtersj B. [B.

Xettahat, Pleiad (constellation),
Xitan, cows, B. Ixitan, B. 126.
Xeterjenne, little red bird, B.
Tixoxoen, grey hairs, B. p. 630.
Taxixwart, piece of cloth, B.
See Ahwar.

Z.

Azzai, male flower of date, pi.

Izzaien, H.
Auz, ostrich, Duv. Ghat.
Ezet n efeu, remains of fire,

cinders, ashes, B.
Tez, hindquarters, rump.
Azau, hair, Duv. Ghat.
Tagbit, chojpelet, H. rosary ?
Tazabat, ring (seal ?) B[.=Tez-

bekt, V. (Shil?) Tasobut

iron ring, B. Ezbeg (Exbeg,

Ehebeg) bracelet, H., pi,

Izebegen.
Azfbara, wild boar, pi. Izi-

baraten (dialect of Ghat.), K.
EziX, cock, H. (Kab. Ayazl'p).

See Akes, Akehi.
Azad, provisions (of journey ?)

Ezzad, provisions, H. [Either

from AJab. Zawad, or from

Libyan verb Zed, to grind,

mol^e.'}
Zaden, hairs, H. p. 1 38. [Ghat.

Azau, hair, Xab. Amzad. j
Tagegga, herd of elephants.
Azaf, full grown ass, fern. Te-

gaft, Tegaut, B.

Ayil, bough, branch, pL Yay-

lan, F.
TJzel, iron, Tazuli, iron weapon,

Taguli n ei, steel weapon.
Tdgelit, caterpillar, B. Izo-

llten, worms in the body, B.
Tez61ader, rainbow, H.
Azelulan, swollen face, B.
Izilman, tonsil, B.
Tezomit, bread. Ho. Sergoo.
Azimsur, boatman, B.
Tizzein, palm tree, Duv. Ghat.
Azinka2, gazelle, Ho. Sergoo, —

Han. B., also Songhay, B.
Tezanin, grains of corn, B.
Azaren, veins, B.
Teyar, a certain hour of the

day, about 2 p.m., B. (He

identifies it with Arabic £ohr,

which is certainly Noon. So

Shilha Tezuamin, which is

Heb. yeharim, noon.
Tezerdemt, scorpion, B.
Agref, silver, H. B.
Agaruwal, horsefly, B.
Igereran, (Iserreran ?), beams

(of sun), B.
Tegitan, navel, B. See Temit.
Ezehza, gazelle, Ho., qu. Ezer-

zer ? See BizerzerO in Xab.

See AzinkaX.
Egig* eagle, H. 211 (vulture?).
A5U5, crow. Ho. Sergoo.
Tegogan, fire coals, B.
Taugegit, heel, B.
Igegeran, beams of sun, B.

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Fcap. Svo, pp. viii. and 136, cloth. 1881. Ss.

BALLAD SOCIET 7— Subscriptions, small paper, one guinea; large paper, two guineas
per annum. List of publications on application.

BALLANT7NE.— Elsmbnts of Hindi and Braj Bhakba Grammar. Compiled for
the use of the East India College at Haileybury. By James R. Ballantyne. Second
Edition. Crown Svo, pp. 38, cloth. 1S6S. Ss.

BALLANTYNE. —First Lessons in Sanskrit Grammar ; together with an Introduc-
tion to tiie Hitopadela. New Edition. By James R. Ballantyne, LL.D., Librarian
of the India Office. Svo, pp. viii and 110, cloth. 1873. 38. 6d.

BARANOWSEI.— Vade Meoum de la Langub Fran^ aise, r6dig6 d*aprds les Die-
tionnaires classiques avec les Exemples de Bonnes Locutions que donne I'Academie
Franf aise, on qu on trouve dans les ouvrages des plus c^ldbres auteurs. Par J. J.
Baranowski, avec Tapprobation de M. E. Littr^, S^nateur, &c. 32mo, pp. 224.
1879. Cloth, 2s. 6d. ; morocco, 3s. 6d. ; morocco tuck, 4s.

BARENTS' RELICS. ^Recovered in the summer of 1876 by Charles L. W. Gardiner,
Esq., and presented to the Dutch Government. Described and explained by J.
K, J. de tfonge. Deputy Royal Architect at the Hague. Published by command
of His Excellency. W. F. Van F.R.P. Taelman Kip, Minister of Marine. Trans-
lated, with a Preface, by S R. Van Campen. With a Map, Illustrations, and a
fac-simile of the Scroll. Svo, pp. 70, cloth. 1877. 58.

BARBIBRE and CAPENDU.— Lis Faux Bonsrommbs, a Comedy. By Theodore
B«rri^re and Ernest Capenda. Edited, with English Notes and Notice on Bar-
ribre, by Professor Ch. Cassal, LL.D., of University College, London. 12mo, pp.
xvL and 304, cloth. 1868. 4s.

BARTH.— The Reuoions of India. See Triibner's Oriental Series.

BARTLEn.— DiOTiONART or Americanisms. A Glossary of Words and Phrases
collo<iuially used in the United States. Bv John Russell Bartlett. Fourth
Edition, considerably enUu^ed and improved. Svo, pp. xlvi. and 814, doth.

1877. 208.

BATTTE. —What is Vital Force ? or, a Short and Comprehensive Sketch, includ-
ing Vital Physics, Animal Morphology, and Epidemics; to which is added an
Appendix upon Geology, Is the Dentmtal Thbobt op Geology Tenable ? By
Richard Fawcett Battye. Svo, pp. iv. and 336, cloth. 1877. 7s. 6d.

BAZLE7.— Notes on the Epictclodial Cutting Frame of Messrs. Holtzapffel k
Co. With special reference to its Compensation Adjustment, and with numerous
Illustrations of its Capabilities. By Thomas Sebastian Bazley, M.A. Svo pp.
Ti and 192 doth. lUustrated. 1872. 10s. 6d.

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BAZLBY.— The Stars in Their Courses: A Twofold Series of Maps, with a
Catalogue, showing how to identify, at any time of the year, all stars down to the
5.6 magnitude, inclusive of Heis, which are clearly visible in English latitudes.
By T. S. Bazley, M.A., Author of ** Notes on the Epicycloidal Cutting Frame."
Atlas folio, pp. 46 and 24, Folding Plates, cloth. 1878. 15s.

BE \L.— Travels of Fah-Hiar and SuNa-YuR, Buddhist Pilgrims, from China to
India (400 A. D. and 518 a. d. ) Translated from the Chinese. By Samuel Beal, R A.,
Trin. ColL, Cam., &c. Crown 8vo, pp. Ixxiii. and 210, with a coloured Map,
cloth, ornamental. 1869. 10s. 6d.

BEAL. — A Catkha ov Buddhist Soripturss from the Ohinesr. By S. Bcal, RA.,
Trinity College, Cambridge ; a Chaplain in Her Majesty's Fleet, &c. 8vo, pp.
xiv. and 436, cloth. 1871. 15s.

BEAL. — The Komantio Legend of Sakta Buddha. From the Chinese-Sanskrit.
By the Rev. Samuel BeaL Crown 8vo., pp. 408, cloth. 1875. 12s.

BEAL.— Dhammapada. See Triibner's Oriental Series.

BEAL.— Buddhist Literature in China : Abstract of Four Lectures, Delivered by
Samuel Beal, B. A., Professor of Chinese at University College, London. Demy
8vo. [Nearly ready,

BEAMES.— Outlines of Indian Pbilologt. With a Map showing the Distribution
of Indian Languages. By John Beames, MR.A.S., Bengal Civil Service, Member
of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, the Philological Societv of London, and the
Soci6t4 Asiatique of Paris. Second enlarged and revised Edition. Crown 8vo,
pp. viii. and 96, doth. 1868. 5s.

BEAMES.— A Comparative Grammar of tub Modern Artan Lanquaoes of India,
to wit, Hindi, Panjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, and Bengali. By John
Beames, Bengal Civil Service, M R. A.S., &c , &c. Demy 8vo. VoL I. On Sounds.
Pp. xvi. and 360, cloth. 1872. 168.— VoL II. The Noun and the Pronoun.
Pp. xu. and 348, cloth. 1875. 168.— VoL III. The Verb. Pp. xil and 316, cloth.
1879. 168.

BELLEW.— From the Indus to the Tigris. A Narrative of a Journey through the
Countries of Balochistan, Afghanistan, Kliorassan, and Iran in 1872 ; together
with a complete Synoptical Grammar and Vccabulary of the Brahoe Language, and
a Record of the Meteorological Observations and Altitudes on the March from the
Indus to the Tigris. By Henry Walter Bellew, C.S.I., Surgeon, Bengal Staff
Corps. Demy 8vo, pp. viii. and 496, cloth. 1874. 148.

BELLEW.— Kasbmir ard Kasbghar ; a Narrative of the Journey of the Embassy
to Kashghar in 1873-74. By H. W. Bellew, C.aL Demy 8vo, pp. xxxii. and
420, cloth. 1875. lOs.

BELLEW.— The Races of Afghanistan. Being a Brief Account of the Principal
Nations Inhabiting that Country. By Surgeon-Mnjor H. W. Bellew, C.S.L, late
on Special Political Duty at K»buL 8vi», pp. 124, cloth. 1880. 7s. 6d.

BEIXOWS.— English Outline Yocarulart for the use of Students of the Chinese,
Japanese, and other Languages. Arranged by John Bellows. With Notes on the
Writing of Chinese with Boman Letters, by Professor Summers, King*s College,
London. Crown 8vo, pp. vi and 368, cloth. 1867. 6s.

BELLOWS. — Outline Dictionary for the use of Missionaries, Explorers, and
Students of Languagr. By Max Miiller, M. A., Taylorian Professor in the Uni-
yendty of Oxford. With an Introduction on the pfoper use of the ordinary

. English Alphabet in transcribing Foreign Languages. The Vocabulary compiled
by John Bellows. Crown 8vo, pp. xxxi. and 368, Ump morocco. 1867. 7s. 6a.

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BE"J.OWS.— Tous LBS Verbks. Conjugations of all the Verbs in the French and
English Languages. By John Bellows. Revised by Professor Beljame, B.A.,
LIj.B., of the Univei*8ity of Paris, and Official Interpreter to the Imperial Court,
and George B. Strickland, late Assistant French Master, Royal Naval School,
Ijoiidon. Also a New Table of Equivalent Values of French and English Money,
Weights, and Measures. 32mo, 76 Tables, sewed. 1867. Is.

BELLOWS.— French and English Dictionary for the Pocket. By John Bellows,
("ontainiug the French-English and English-French divisions on the same page ;
conjugating all the verbs ^ distinguishiug the genders by different types ; giving
numerous aids to pronunciation ; indicating the liaison or non-liaison of terminal
consonants ; and translating units of weight, measure, and value, by a series of
tables differing entirely from any hitherto published. The new edition, which is
but six ounces in weight, has been remodelled, and contains many thousands of
additional words and renderings. Miniature maps of France, the British Isles,
Paris, and London, are added to the Greographical Section. Second Edition. 32mo,
pp. 608, roan tuck, or persian without tuck. 1877. lOs. 6d. ; morocco tuck, 12s. 6d.

BENEDIX.— Der Vetter. Comedy in Three Acts. By Roderich Benedix. With
Grammatical and Explanatory Notes by F. Weinmann, German Master at the
Royal Institution School, Liverpool, and G. Zimmermann, Teacher of Modem
Languages. 12mo, pp. 128, cloth. 1863. 2s. 6d.

BENFET.— A Practical Grammar of the Sanskrit Lanqitagb, for the use of Early
Students. By Theodor Benfey, Professor of Sanskrit in the University of Gottin-
j;en. Second, revised, and enlarged Edition. Royal 8vo, pp. viiu and 296, cloth.
1868. 10s. 6d.

BENTHAM.— Theory OF Lkoislation. By Jeremy Bentham. Translated from the
French of Etienne Dumont by R. Hildreth. Fourth Edition. Post 8vo, pp. xv,
and 472, cloth. 1882. 7s. 6d.

BEVERmaE.— The District of Bakaroanj. Its History and Statistics. By H.
Beveridge, B.C.S., Magistrate and Collector of Bak^rganj. 8vo, pp. xx. and
460, cloth. 1876. 2l8.

BICKNELL. SeeUkViz.

BIQANBET.— The Life of Gaudama. See Triibners Oriental Series.

BIRCH.— Fasti Monastici Abvi Saxonici ; or, An Alphabetical List of the Heads of
Religious Houses in England previous to the Norman Conquest, to which is pre<
fixed a Chronological Catalogue of Contemporary Foundations. By Walter de
Gray Biich. 8vo, pp. vii. and 114, cloth. 1873. 58.

BIRD.— Physiolootcal Essats. Drink Craving, Differences in Men, Idiosjmcrasy, and
the Origin of Disease. By Robert Bird, M.D. demy 8vo, pp. 246, cloth. 1870. 7s. 6d.

BLACK.— Young Japan, Yokohama and Yedo. A Narrative of the Settlement
and the City, from the Signing of the Treaties in 1858 to the Close of the Year
1879; with a Glance at the Progress of Japan during a Period of Twenty-one
Years. By John R. Black, formerly Editor of the " Japan Herald " and the
'* Japan Gazette." Editor of the "Far East." 2 vols, demy 8vo, pp. xviii. and
418 ; xiv. and 522, cloth. 1881. £2, 2s.

BLADES. — Shakspbrk and Ttpoorapht. Being an Attempt to show Shakspere's
Personal Connection with, and Technical Knowledge of, the Art of Printing ; also
Remarks upon some common Typographical Errors, with especial reference to the
Text of Shakspere. By William Blades. 8vo, pp. viii. and 78, with an Illustra-
tion, cloth. 1872. 3s.

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BLADES. —The Biography and Typography op William Caxton, EnglaDd's Firtt
Printer. By William Blades. Founded to a great extent upon the Author's
" Life and Typography of William Caxton." Brought up to the Present Date,
and including all Discoveries since made. Elegantly and appropriately printed in
demy 8vo, on band-made paper, imitation old bevelled binding. 1877. £1, Is.
Cheap Edition. Crown 8vo, cloth. 188L 6s.

BLADES.— The Enemies OF Books. By Wil!iam Blades, Typograph. Crown 8vo,
pp. xvi. and 112, parchment wrapper. 1880. 5s.

BLAEEY. — Memoirs of DB. Robert Blakey, Professor of Logic and Metaphysics,
Queen's College, Belfast, Author of "Historical Sketch of Moral Science," &c.,
&c. Edited by the Rev. Henry Miller, of St. Andrews (Presbyterian Church of
England), Hammersmith. Crowu 8vo, pp. xiL and 252, cloth. 1879. 5s.

BLBEK.— RETNiRD THE Fox IN SouTH Afeioa ; or, Hottentot Fables and Tales,
chiefly Translated from Original Manuscripts in the Library of His Excellency Sir
George Grey, K.C.B. By W. H. I. Bleek, Ph.D. Post 8vo, pp. xxvi and 94,
cloth. 1864. 3s. 6d.

BLEEK.— A Brief Account op Bushman Folk Lore, and other Texts. By W. H.
I. Bleek. Ph.D. Folio, pp. 21, paper. 2s. 6d.

BOEHMER.— Spanish Reformers of Two Centuries, from 1520, their Lives and
Writings. Described by E. Boehmer, D.D., Ph.D. Vol. i. royal 8vo, pp. 232,
cloth. 1874. 12s. 6d. Roxburghe, 15s.

BOJESEN.— A GuiDK to the Danish Lanouagb. Designed for English Students.
By Mrs. Maria Bojesen. 12mo, pp. 250, cloth. 1863 5s.

BOLIA.— The German Calioraphist : Copies for German Handwriting. By C.
Bolia. Oblong 4to, sewed. Is.

BOT ENGINEERS.— See under LuKlN.

BOYD.— NIoXnanda ; or, the Joy of the Snake World. A Buddhist Drama in Five
Acts. Ti-anslated into English Prose, with Explanatory Notes, from the Sanskrit
of S4-Harsha-Deva. By Palmer Boyd, B.A., Sanskrit Scholar of Trinity College,
Cambridge. With an Introduction by Professor CowelL Crown 8vo, pp. xvi.
and 100, cloth. 1872. 4s. 6d.

BRAMSEN —Japanese Chronological Tables, showing the Date, according to
the Julian or Gregorian Calendar, of the First Day of each Japanese Month.
From Tai-Kwa, Ist year, to Mei-ji, 6th year (645 a.d. to 1873 A.D.). With an
Introductory Essay on " Japanese Chronology and Calendars. By W. Bramsen.
Oblong fcap. 4to, pp. 50-84, cloth. 1880. 14s.

BRAMSEN — The Coins op Japan. By W. Bramsen. Parti. The Copper, Lead,
and Iron Coins issued by the Central Government. 4to, pp. 10, with Plates of 74
Coins, boards. 1880. 5s.

BRAMSEN.- Japanese Weights, with their Equivalents in French and English
Weights. Compiled by W. Bramsen. Fcap. folio sheet. 1877. Is.

BRAMSEN.— Japanese Lineal Measures, with their Equivalents in French and
English Measures. Compiled by W. Bramsen. Fcap. folio sheet. 1877. Is.

BRENTANO.— On the History and Development op Gilds, and the Origin of
Trade- Unions. By Lnjo Brentano, of Aschaffenburg, Bavaria, Doctor Juris
Utriusque et Philosophise. 1. The Origin of Gilds. 2. Religious (or Social)
Gilds. 3. Town-Gilds or Gild-Merchants. 4. Craft-Gilds. 5. Trade-Unions,
8vo, pp. xvL and 136, cloth. 1870. 3s. 6d.

BRETSCHNEIDER.— Earlt European Researches into the Flora op China.
By E. Bretschneider, M.D., Physician of the Russian Legation at Peking. Demy
8vo, pp. iv. and 194, sewed. 1881. 78. 6d.

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BBETTE.— French Examination Papers set at the University of London from
1839 TO 1871. Arrauged and edited by the Rev. P. H. Ernest Brette, P,.D.
Oown 8vo, pp. viii. and 278, cloth. 3s. 6d. ; interleaved, 48. 6d.

BRITISH MUSEUM.— List of Publications of the Trustees of the British
Museum, on apiJication.

BROWN.— The Dervishes ; or, Oriental Spiritualism. By John P. Brcwn,
Secretary and Dragoman of the Legation of the United States of America at C on-
stantinople. Crown 8vo, pp. viii. and 416, cloth, with 24 Ulustratione. 1868. Hs.

BROWN. —Sanskrit Prosody AND Numerical Symbols Explained. By Charles
Philip Brown, M.B.A.S., Author of a Telugu Dictionary, Grammar, &c.. Professor
of Telugu in the University of London. 8vo, pp. viii. and 56, cloth. 1869. 3s. 6d.

BROWNE.— How to USB the Ophthalmoscope; being Elementary Instruction in
Ophthalmoscopy. Arranged for the use of Students. By Edgar A. Browne, Sur-
geon to the Liverpool Eye and Ear Infirmary, &c. Crown 8vo, pp. xi. and 108,
with 35 Figures, cloth. 1876. 38. 6d.

BROWNE.— A BiNGlLi Primer, in Boman Character. By J. F. Browne, B.C.S.
Crown 8vo, pp. 32, cloth. 1881. 2s.

BRUNTON.— Map of Japan. See under Japan.

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BURMA.— Thb British Burma Gazetteer. Compiled by Major H. B. Spearman,
under the direction of the Grovemment of India. 2 vols. 8to, pp. 764 and 878,
with 11 Photognraphs, cloth. 1880. £% lOs.

BUANELL .—Elements of South Indian FALiSOORAPHT, from the Fourth to the
Seventeenth Century A.D., being an Introduction to the Study of South Indian
Inscriptions and M3S. By A. C. BumelL Second enlarged and |improyed
Edition. 4to, pp. xiv. and 148, Map and 35 PUtes, cloth. 1878. £2, 128. 6d.

BUNNELL.— A Classified Index to the Sanskrit MSS. in the Palace at
Tanjore. Prepared for the Madras Goremment. By A. C. Burnell, Ph.D., &c.,
&c. 4to, stiff wrapper. Part L, pp. iv.-80, Yedic and Technical Literature.
Part II., pp iv'.-80, Philosophy and Law. Part III., Drama, Epics, Pur&nas, and
Zantras; Indices. 1879. lOs. each.

BURNEY.— The Dots' Manual of Sbamanship ard Ouhhsrt, compiled for the use
of the Training-Ships of the Royal Navy. By Commander C. Bumey, B.N.,
F.B.G.S., Superintendent of Greenwich Hospital SchooL Seventh Edition. Ap-
proved by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to be used in the Training-
Ships of the Boyal Navy. Crown 8vo, ja^. xxii. and 362, with numerous lUus-
trations, cloth. 1879. 68.

BURNEY.— The Young Seaman's Manual and Rigger's Guide. By Commander
O. Burney, R.N., F.R.G.S. Sixth Edition. Revised and corrected. Approved
by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. Crown 8vo. pp. xxxviii. and 592,
cloth. With 200 Illustrations and 16 Sheets of Signals. 1878. 7s. 6d.

BURTON.— Captain Richard F. Burton's Handbook for Overland Sxpsditiohs ;
being an English Edition of the " Prairie Traveller," a Handbook for Overland
Expeditions. With Illustrations and Itineraries of the Principal Routes between
the Mississippi and the Pacific, and a Map. By Captain Randolph B. Marcy (now
General and Chief of the Staff, Army of the Potomac). Edited, with Notes, by
Captain Richard F. Burton. Crown 8vo, pp. 270, numerous Woodcuts, Itinera-
ries, and Map, cloth. 1863. 69. 6d.

BUTLER. — The Spanish Tracher and Colloquial Phrase- Book. An easy and
agreeable method of acquiring a Speaking Knowledge of the Spanish Language.
By Francis Butler. Fcap. 8vo, pp. xviii. and 240, half -roan. ^. 6d.

BUTLER.— Hungarian Poems and Fables for English Readers. Selected and
Translated by E. D. Butler, of the British Museum ; with Illustrations by A. G.
Butler. Foolscap, pp. vi and 88, limp cloth. 1877. 2s.

BUTLBR.— The Legend of the Wondrous Hunt. By John Arany. With a few
Miscellaneous Pieces and Folk-Songs. Translated from the Magyar by E. D.
Butler, F.R.G.S. Crown 8vo, pp. viii. and 70. Limp cloth. 2s. 6d.

CAITHNESS.— Serious Letters to Serious Friends. By the Countess of Caith-
ness, Authoress of " Old Truths in a New Light." Crown 8vo, pp. viii. and 352,
cloth. 1877. 7s. 6d.

CAITHNESS.— Lectures on Popular and Scientific Subjects. By the Earl of
Caithness, F.R.S. Delivered at various times and places. Second enlarged
Edition. Crown 8vo, pp. 174, cloth. 1879. 2s. 6d.

CALCUTTA REVIEW.— Selections from Nos. I.-XI. 5s. each.

CALDEB.— The Coming Era. By Alexander Calder, Officer of the Legion of
Honour, and Author of "The Man of the Future." 8vo, pp. 422, doth. 1879.
10s. 6d.

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CALOWELL.— A CoBfPARATivE Grammar op the Dravidian or South Indian
Family op Languages. By the Rev. R. Caldwell, LL.D. A gecond, corrected,
and enlarged Edition. Demy 8vo, pp. 804, cloth. 1875. 288.

CALENDARS OF STATE PAPERS. List on application.

CALL. —Reverberations. Revised. With a chapter from My Autobiography.
V>y W. M. W. Call, MA., Cambridge, Author of "Lyra Hellenica" and
*• Golden Histories." Crown 8vo, pp. viii, and 200, cloth. 1875. 4s. 6d.

CALLAWAY.- -Nursery Tales, Traditions, and Histories op the Zulus. Iu
their own words, with a Translation into English, and Notes. By the Rev. Canon
Ciillaway, M.D. VoL I., 8vo, pp. xiv. and 378, cloth. 1868. H5s.

CALLAWAY.— The Rblioious System op the Amazulu.

Part I.— XJnkulunkulu ; or. The Tradition of Creation as existing among the
Amazulu and other Tribes of South Africa, in their own words, with a Transla-
tion into English, and Notes. By the Rev. Canon Callaway, M.D. 8vo, pp.
128, sewed 1868. 48.

Part II.— Amatongo ; or, Ancestor-Worship as existing among the Amazulu, in
their own words, with a Translation into English, and Notes. By the Rev.
Canon Callaway, M.D. 8vo, pp. 127, sewed. 1869. 4s.

Part III. — Izinyanga Zokubula ; or. Divination, as existing among the Amazulu,
in their own words, with a Translation into English, and Notes. By the Rev.
Canon Callaway, M.D. 8vo, pp. 150, sewed. 1870. 4s.

Part IV. — On Medical Magic and Witchcraft. 8vo, pp. 40, sewed. Is. 6d.

CAMERINL— L'Eco Italiano ; a Practical Guide to Italian Conversation. By E.
Camerini. With a Vocabulary. 12mo, pp. 98, cloth. 1860. 4s. 6d.

CAMPBELL.— The Gospel op the World's Divine Order. By Douglas Camp-
bell. New Edition. Revised. Crown 8vo, pp. viii. and 364, cloth. 1877. 4s. 6d.

CANDID Examination op Theism. By Physicus. Post 8vo, pp. xviii. and 198,
clotli. 1878. 7s. 6d.

CANTICUM CANTIGOBUM, reproduced in facsimile, from the Scriverius copy in the
l^ritish Museum. With an Historical and Bibliographical Introduction by I. Ph.
Berjeau. Folio, pp. 36, \^th 16 Tables of Illustrations, vellum. 1860. £2, 2s.

CAREY.— The Past, the Present, and the Future. By H. C. Carey. Second
Edition. 8vo, pp. 474, cloth. 1856. 10s. 6d.

CARNEOT.- Notes on the Land Tenures and Revenue Assessments op Upper
India By P. Camegy. Crown 8vo, pp. viii and 136, and forms, cloth. 1874. 6s.

CATHERINE XL, Memoirs op the Empress. Written by herself. With a Preface
by A. Uerzen. Trans, from the French. 12mo, pp. xvi. and 352, bds. . 1859.
7s. 6d.

CATLIN.— 0-Kee-Pa. A Religious Ceremony ; and other Customs of the Mandans.

By George Catlin. With 13 coloured Illustrations. Small 4to, pp. vi and 52,

cloth. 1867. 148.
CATLIN.— The Lipted AND Subsided Rocks OF America, with their Influence on

the Oceanic, Atmospheric, and Land Currents, and the Distribution of Races.

By George Catlin. With 2 Maps. Cr. 8vo, pp. xii. and 238, cloth. 1870. Os. 6d.

CATLIN.— Shut tour Mouth and Save your Life. By George Catlin, Author of
** Notes of Travels amongst the North American Indians," &c. , &o. With 29 Illus-
trations from Drawings by the Author. Eighth Edition, considerably enlarged.
Crown 8vo, pp. 106, cloth. 1882. 2b. 6d.

CAXTON.— The Bioorapht and TrpoaRAPHY op. See Blades.

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CAXTON CELEBRATION, 1877.— Catalogue op the Loan Collection of Anti-
quities, Curiosities, and Appliances Connected with the Art op Pbintino.
Edited hy G. Bullen, F.S.A. Post 8vo, pp. xx. and 472, cloth, 3s. 6d.

GAZELLES.— Outline op the Evolution-Philosophy. By Dr. W. E. CazeTIea.
Translated from the French by the Rev. O. B. Frothingham. Crown 8vo, pp.
156, cloth. 1875. 38. 6d.

CHALMERS.— The Speculations on Metaphtsics, Poutt, and Moralitt of
** The Old Philosopher," Lau-tsze. Translated from the Chinese, with an Intro-
duction by John Chalmers, M.A. Fcap. Svo, pp. xx. and 62, cloth. 1868. 48. 6d.

CHAMBERLAIN.— The Classical Poetry op the Japanese. By Basil Hall
Chamberlain, Author of " Yeigo Henkaku, Ichirafi." Post 8vo, pp. xii. and 228,
cloth. 1880. 78. 6d.

CHAPMAN.— Chloroform and other -ANiESTHETics : Their History and Use dor*
ing Childbirth. By John Chapman, M.D. 8to, pp. 51, sewed. 1859. Is.

CHAPMAN.— DiARRHCEA AND Cholbra : Their Nature, Origin, and Treatment
through the Agency of the Nervous System. By John Chapman, H.D.,
M.R.C.P., M.R.C.S. 8vo, pp. xix. and 248, cloth. 7s. 6d.

CHAPMAN.— Medical Charity : its Abuses, and bow to Remedy them. By John
Chapman, M.D. 8vo, pp. viii. and 108, cloth. 1874. 28. 6d.

CHAPMAN.— Sea-Sickness, and how to Prevent it. An Explanation of it«
Nature and Successful Treatment, through the Agency of the Nervous System,
bv means of the Spintd Ice I^ ; with an Introduction on the General Prindplet
of Neuro-Therapeutics. By John Chapman, M.D., M.R.C.P., M.R.C.S. Second
Edition. 8vo, pp. viii. and 112, cloth. 1868. 3s.

CHAPTERS ON Christian Catholicity. By a Clergyman. 8vo, pp. 282, cloth.

1878. 58.
CHARNOCK. —A Glossary op the Essex Dl^leot. By Richard Stephen Chamock,

Ph.D., F.S.A. Fcap., pp. xii. and 64, cloth. 1880. 38. 6d.

CHARNOCK.— Prcenomina; or. The Etymology of the Principal Christian Names
of Great Britain and Ireland. By R. S. Charnock, Ph.D., F.S.A. Crown 8va,
pp. xvi and 128, cloth. 1882. 68.

CHAUCER SOCIETT.— Subscription, two guineas per annum. list of Publication!
on application.

CHILPERS.— A Pali-English Dictionary, with Sanskrit Equivalents, and with
numerous Quotations, Extracts, and References. Compiled by Robert Ctesar
Childers, late of the Ceylon Civil Service. Imperial 8vo, double columns, pp.
648, cloth. 1875. £3,38.

CHILDERS.— The Mahaparinibbanasutta op the Sutta Pitaka. The Pali Text,
Edited by the late Professor R. C. Childers. 8vo, pp. 72, limp cloth. 1878. 6e.

CHINTAMON.— A Commentary on the Text of the Bhagavad-GitX ; or, the
Discourse between Khrishna and Arjuna of Divine Matters. A Sanskrit Philoso-
phical Poem. With a few Introductory Papers. By Hurrychund Chintamon,
Political Agent to H. H. the Guicowar Mulhar Rao Maharajah of Baroda. Post
8vo, pp. 118, cloth. 1874. 6s.

CHRONICLES and Memorials op Great Britain and Ireland during tbi
Middle Ages. List on application.

CLARK. —A Forecast of the Religion op the Future. Being Short Essays on
some important Questions in Religious Philosophy. By W. W. Clark. Post
8vo, pp. 232, cloth. 1879. 58.

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CLAUSE WITZ. -—On War. By General Carl von Clausewitz. Translated by Colonel
J. J. Graham, from the third German Edition. Three yolumes complete in one.
Fcap 4to, double columns, pp. xx. and 564, with Portrait of the author, cloth.
187.4. £l,lg.

CLEMENT AND BUTTON.— Abtists op THE Nineteenth Century and theib
Works. A Handbook containing Two Thousand and Fifty Biographical Sketches.
By Clara Erskine Clement and Lawrence Hutton. 2 vols, crown ovo, pp. IxxxviL
386 and 44, and Ivii. 374 and 44, cloth. 1879. 2l8.

COLEBROOKE.— The Life and Miscellaneous Essays of Henry Thomas Cole-
BROOKE. The Biography by his Son, Sir T. E. Colebrooke, Bart., M.P. 3 vols.
.Vol. I. The Life. Demy 8vo, pp. xii. and 492, with Portrait and Map, cloth.
1873. 14s. Vols. XL and III. The Essays. A new Edition, with Notes by B.
B. Cowell, Professor of Sanskrit in the University of Cambridge. Demy 8vo,
pp. xvi. and 544, and x. and 520, cloth. 1873. 28s.

COLENSO.— Natal Sermons. A Series of Discourses Preached in the Cathedral
Church of St Peter's, Maritzburg. By the Right Eev. John William Colenso.
D.D., Bishop of NataL 8vo, pp. viii. and 373, cloth. 1866. 78. 6d. The Second
Series. Crown 8vo, cloth. 1868. 5s.

COLTMBIA. Crown 8vo, pp. 260, cloth. 1873. Ss.

" The book is amusing as well as clever."— -4 ttentrom " Many exceedingly hnmoroas pas-
sages "— PuW.c Opinion. " Deserves to be read."— <Sco<*man. " Neatly done."— &ro^te.
** Very amusing." — Examiner.

COMTE.— A General View op Positivism. By Auguste Comte. Translated by
Dr. J. H. Bridges. 12mo, pp. xL and 426, cloth. 1865. 88. 6d.

COMTE.— The Catechism op Positive Religion : Translated from the French of
Auguste Comte. By Richard Congreve. 18mo, pp. 428, cloth. 1858. 6s. 6d.

COMTE. —The Positivb Philosophy op Auguste Comte. Translated and condensed
by Harriet Martineau. 2 vols. Second Edition. 8vo, cloth. Vol. I., pp. xxiv.
and 400; Vol. IL, pp. xiv. and 468. 1875. 25s.

CONOREVE. —The Roman Empire op the West. Four Lectures delivered at the
Philosophical Institution, Edinburgh, February 1855, by Richard Congreve, M.A.
8vo, pp. 176, cloth. 1855. 4s.

CONGREVE.— Elizabeth op England. Two Lectures delivered at the Philosophi-
cal Institution, Edinburgh, January 1862. By Richard Congreve. 18mo, pp. 114,
sewed. 1862. 2s. 6d.

CONTOPOULOS.— A Lexicon op Modern Greek-English and English Modern
Greek. By N. Contopoulos. Part I. Modem Greek-!£lnglish. Part II. English
Modern Greek. 8vo, pp. 460 and 582, cloth. 1877. 278.

CONWAY.— The Sacred Anthology : A Book of Ethnical Scriptures. Collected
and Edited by Moncure D. Conway. Fifth Edition. Demy 8vo, pp. viii. and 480,
cloth. 1876. 128.

\ CONWAY.— Christianity. By Moncure D. Conway, M.A., Minister of South
Place Chapel, and at the Atbenseum, Camden Road. 18mo, pp. 146, stitched in
wrapper. 1876. Is.

CONWAY.— Human Sacripiobs in England. Four Discourses by Moncure D.
Conway. 18mo, pp. 64, sewed. 1876. Is.

CONWAY. — Idols and Ideals. "With an Essay on Christianity. By Moncure D.
Conway, M. A., Author of "TheEnstem Pilgrimage," &c. Crown 8vo, pp. 352,
cloth. 1877. 5s.

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COOMABA SWAMT.— Thb Dathavansa : or. The History of the Tooth Relic of
Grotama Buddha, in Pali verse. Edited, with an English Translation, hj Mata
Ooomara Swamy, F.RA.S. Demy 8to, pp. 174, cloth. 1874. lOs. 6d. English
Translation. With Notes, pp. 100. Gs.

COOMABA SWAMT.— SUTTA Nipata ; or. Dialogues and Discourses of Gotamt
Buddha (2500 years old). Translated from the original Pali. With Notes and
Introduction. By Mutu Ck)omara Swamy, F.B.A.S. Grown 8to, pp. xxxvL and
160, cloth. 1874. 6s.

CORNELIA. A Novel. Post 8vo, pp. 250, boards. 1863. Is. 6d.

OOTTA.— Geoloot and Histoby. A popular Exposition of all that is known of the
Earth and its Inhabitants in Pre-historic Times. By Bemhard Yon Cotta, Pro-
fessor of Geology at the Academy of Mining, Freiberg, in Saxony. 12mo, pp.
iv. and 84, doth. 1865. 2s.

COUSIN.— The Philosopht of Kant. Lectures by Victor Cousin. Translated from
the French. To which is added a Biographical and Critical Sketch of Kant's
Life and Writings. By A. G. Henderson. Large post 8vo, pp. xciv. and 194,
cloth. 1864. 68.

COUSIN. —Elements of Pstouologt : included in a Critical Examination of Locke's
Essay on the Human Understanding, and in additional pieces. Translated from
the French of Victor Cousin, with an Introduction and Notes. By Caleb S.
Henry, D.D. Fourth improved Edition, revised according to the Author's last
corrections. Crown 8vo, pp. 568, cloth. 1871. 8s.

COWELL.— Prakrita-Prakasa; or, The Prakrit Grammar of Vararuchi, with the
Commentary (Manorama^ of Bhamaha ; the first complete Edition of the Original
Text, with various Headings from a collection of Six MSS. in the Bodleian Library
at Oxford, and the Libraries of the Boyal Asiatic Societv and the East India
House ; with Copious Notes, an English Translation, and Index of Prakrit Words,
to which is prefixed an Easy Introduction to Prakrit Grammar. By Edward
Byles Cowell, of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, Professor of Sanskrit at Cambridge.
New Edition, with New Preface, Additions, and Corrections. Second Issue.
8vo, pp. xxxi. and 204, cloth. 1868. 14b.

COWELL.— A Short Introduotion to the Obdinabt Prakrit of the Sanskrit
Dramas. With a List of Common Irregular Pr&krit Words. By E. B. Cowell,
Professor of Sanskrit in the University of Cambridge, and Hon. LL.D. of the
University of Edinburgh. Crown 8vo, pp. 40, limp cloth. 1875. 3s. 6d.

COWELL. -^The Sarvadarsana Sanoraha. See TrUbner's Oriental Series.

C0WLE7.— Poems. By Percy Tunnidiff Cowley. Demy 8vo, pp. 104, cloth.
188L 5s.

CBANBBOOK.— Credibilia ; or, Discourses on Questions of Christian Faith. By
the Bev. James Cranbrook, Edinburgh. Beissue. Post 8vo, pp. iv. and 190,
cloth. 1868. ds. 6d.

CBANBBOOK.~Thb Founders of Christianitt; or. Discourses upon the Origin
of the Christian Religion. By the Eev. James Cranbrook, Edinburgh. Post 8vo,
pp. xii. and 324. 186a 6s.

CRAWFORD.— Recollections of Travel in New Zealand and Australia. Bv
James Coutts Crawford, F.Q.S., Resident Magistrate, Wellington, &o., &c. Witia
Maps and Illustrations. 8vo, pp. xvi. and 468, cloth. 1880. 18s.

CR08LAND.— Apparitions ; An Essay explanatoiy of Old Facts and a New Theory.
To which are added Sketches and Adventures. By Newton Crosland. Crown 8vo,
pp. viii. and 166, cloth. 1873. 28. 6d.

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CROSLAND.— Pith : Essays and Sketches Grave and Gat, with some Verses
and Illustrations. By Newton Orosland. Crown 8vo, pp. 310, cloth. 1881. 5s.

CUBAS.— The Befublic of Mexico in 1876. A Political and Ethnographical
Division of the Population, Character, Habits, Costumes, and Vocations of its
Inhabitants. Writteu in Spanish by A. G. Cubas. Translated into Englisli by
G. E. Henderson. Illustrated with Plates of the Principal Types of the Ethno-
graphic Families, and several Specimens of Popular Music. 8vo, pp. 130, cloth.
1881. 6s.

CUMMINS.— A Grammar op the Old Friesic Language. By A. H. Cummins,
A.M. Crown 8vo, pp. x. and 76, cloth. 1881. 38. 6d.

CUNNINOHAM.— The Ancient Geography op India. I. The Buddhist Period,
including the Campaigns of Alexander and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang. Bv
Alexander Cunningham, Major-General, Royal Engineers (Bengal Retired). With
13 Maps. 8vo, pp. xx. and 590, cloth. 1870. £1, 8s.

CUNNINGHAM.— The Stdpaof Bharhut : A Buddhist Monument ornamented with
numerous Sculptures illustrative of Buddhist Legend and History in the Third
Century B.c. By Alexander Cunningham, C S.I., CLE., Maj.-Gen., R.E. (B.R.),
Dir.-Gen. Archseol. Survey of India. Royal 8vo, pp. viii. and 144, with 67 Plates,
cloth. 1879. £3, 3s.

CUNNINGHAM.— ARCHiBOLOGiCAL Purvey op India, Reports from 1862-76. By

A. Cunningham, C.S.I., CLE., Major- General, R.E. (Bengal Retired), Director*
General, Archseological Survey of India. With numerous Plates, cloth. Vols. L-
XI. lOs. each.

CU8HMAN.— Charlotte Cushman: Her Letters and Memories of her Life.
Edited by her friend, Emma Stebbins. Square 8vo, pp. viii. and 308, cloth.
With Portrait and Illustrations. 1879. 12s. 6d.

CU8T.— Languages of the East Indies. See Trubner^s Oriental Series.

CUST.— Linguistic and Oriental Essays. See Triibner's Oriental Series,

CUST.— Pictures op Indian Lipe, Sketched with the Pen from 1852 to 1881. By

B. N. Cust, late I.C.S., Hon. Sec. Royal Asiatic Society. Crown 8vo, pp. x. and
346, cloth. With Maps. 188L 7s. 6d.

DANA —A Text-Book op Geology, designed for Schools and Academies. By James
D. Dana, LL.D., Professor of Geology, &c., at Yale College. Illustrated. Crown
8vo, pp. vi. and 354, cloth. 1876. 10s.

DANA— Manual op Geology, treating of the Principles of the Science, with special
Reference to American Geological History ; for the use of Colleges, Academies,
and Schools of Science. By James D. Dana, LL.D. Illustrated by a Chart of tlie
World, and over One Thousand Figures. 8vo, pp. xvi and 800, and Chart, cL 21s.

DANA— The Geological Story Beieply Told. An Introduction to Geology for
the General Reader and for Beginners in the Science. By J. D. Dana, LL.D.
Illustrated. 12mo, pp. xii. and 264, cloth. 7s. 6d.

DANA— A System op Mineralogy. Descriptive Mineralogy, comprising the most
Recent Discoveries. By J. D. Dana, aided by G. J. Brush. Fifth Edition, re-
written and enlarged, and illustrated with upwards of 600 Woodcuts, with
Appendix and Corrections. Royal 8vo, pp. xlviii. and 892, cloth. £2, 2s.

DANA— A Text Book op Mineralogy. With an Extended Treatise on Crystallo-
ffraphy and Physical Mineralogy. By £. S. Dana, on the Plan and with the
Co-operation of Professor J. D. Dana. Third Edition, revised. Over 800 Wood-
cuts and 1 Coloured Plate. 8vo, pp. viii. and 486, cloth. 1879. 18s.

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DANA. — BIanual of Minebaloot and Litholoot ; Containing the Elements of
the Science of Minerals and Rocks, for the Use of the Practical Mineralogist and
Geologist, and for Instruction in Schools and Colleges. By J. D. Dana. Third
Edition, rearranged and rewritten. Illustrated by numerous Woodcuts. Crown
8vo, pp. viii. and 474, cloth. 1879. 7s. 6d.

DATES AND Data RsLATiNa to Eelioious Anthbopoloot and Biblical Abohj-
OLOGT. (Primaeval Period.) 8vo, pp. viii. and 106, cloth. 1876. 6fl.

DAUDBT.— Lbttbbs pbom my MrLL. From the French of Alphonse Daudet, by
Mary Corey. Fcap. 8vo, pp. 160. 1880. Cloth, 3s.; boards, 2s.

DAVIDS— Buddhist Bibth Stobies. See Triibner's Oriental Series.

DAVIES— Hindu Philosophy. See Triibner's Oiiental Series.

DAVIS.— Nabbative op the Nobth Polab Expedition, U.S. Ship Polarisy Cap-
tain Charles Francis Hall Commanding. Edited under the direction of the Hon.
G. M. Robeson, Secretary of the Navy, by Rear- Admiral C. H. Davis, U.S.N.
Third Edition. With numerous Steel and Wood Engravings, Photolithographs,
and Maps. 4to, pp. 696, cloth. 1881. £1, 88.

DAT. — ^The Pbehistobio Use op Ibon and Steel ; with Observations on certain
matter ancillary thereto. By St. John V. Day, C.E., F.R.S.E., &c 8vo, pp.
xxiv. and 278, cloth. 1877. 12s.

DE FLANDRE.— Monoobams op Thbee ob Mobe Lettebs, Designed and Dbawn
on Stone. By C. De Flandre, F.S. A. Scot., Edinburgh. With Indices, showing
the place and style or period of every Monogram, and of each individual Letter.
4to, 42 Plates, cloth. 1880. Large paper, £7, 7b. ; small pai>er, £3, 38.

DELBPIERBE.— Histoibe IjITTEBAIBB dbs Fous. Par Octave Delepierre. Crown
8vo, pp. 184, cloth. 1860. 5s.

DELEPIERRE.— Mac aboneanaAndba ; overum Nouveaux Melanges de Litterature
Macaronique. Par Octave Delepierre. Small 4to, pp. 180, printed by Whitting-
ham, and handsomely bound in the Roxburghe style. 1862. 10s. 6d.

DELEPIERRE.— Analyse des Tbavaux de la Societe des Philobiblon de Lon-
dbes. Par Octave Delepierre. Small 4to, pp. viii. and 134, bound in the Rox-
burghe style. 1862. lOs. 6d.

DELEPIERRE.— Revue Analytique des Ouvbaoes I^cbits en Centons, depuis les
Temps Anciens, jusqu'au xix**™« Sifecle. Par un Bibliophile Beige. Small 4to,
pp. 608, stiff covers. 1868. £1, lOs.

DELEPIERRE. —Tableau de la LfttAbatube du Centon, ohez les Anciens bt chez
LES MoDEBNES. Par Octave Delepierre. 2 vols, small 4to, pp. 324 and 318.
Paper cover. 1876. £1, Is.

DELEPIERRE.— L'Enpeb: Essai Philosophique et Historique sur les L6gende8 de
la Vie Future. Par Octave Delepierre. Crown 8vo, pp. 160, paper wrapper.
1876. 63. Only 250 copies printed.

DE T2IYS.— A Handbook op the Canton Vbbnaoulab op the Chinese Language.
Being a Series of Introductory Lessons for Domestic and Business Purposes. By
N. B. Dennys, M.R.A.S., &c. Royal 8vo, pp. iv. and 228. cloth. 1874. 30s.

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DENNTS.— A Handbook op Malat Colloquial, as spoken in Singapore, being a
Series of Introductory Lessons for Domestic and Business Purposes. By N. B.
Dennys,Ph.D.,F.R.G.S.,M.R.A.S. Impl. 8vo, pp. vi. and 204, cloth. 1878. 21s.

DENNYS.— The Folk-Lork of China, and its Apfinitibs with that op the
Aryan and Semitic Races. By N. B. Dennys, Ph.D., F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S.
870, pp. 166, cloth. 1876. lOs. 6d.

DE VALDES.— XVII. Opuscules. By Juan^De Valdes. Translated from the
Spanish by John T. Betts. Crown 8vo, pp. viii. and 188, cloth. 1882. 5s.

DE VERE.— -Studies in English ; or, Glimpses of the Inner Life of our Language.
By M. Scheie de Vere, LL.D. 8vo, pp. vL and 365, cloth. 1867. lOs. 6d.

DE VERE.— Americanisms : The English of the New "World. By M. Scheie de
Vere, LL.D. 8vo, pp. 685, cloth. 1872. 20s.

DE VINNE. — ^Thb Invention op Printing: A Collection of Texts and Opinions.
Description of Early Prints and Playing Cards, the Block-Books of the Fifteenth
Century, the Legend of Lourens Janszeon Coster of Haarlem, and the Works of
John Gutenberg and his Associates. Illustrated with Fac-similes of Earlv Types
and "Woodcuts. By Theo. L. De Vinne. Second Edition. In royal 8vo, elegantly
printed, and bound in cloth, with embossed portraits, and a multitude of Fac-
similes and Illustrations. 1877. £1, Is.

DEWEY.— Classification and Subject Index for cataloguing and arranging the
books and pamphlets of a Library. By Melvil Dewey. 8yo, pp. 42, boards.
1876. 5s.

DICKSON.— "Who was Scotland's first Printer? Ane Compendious and breue
Tractate, in Commendation of Andrew Myllar. Compylit be Robert Dicksou,
F.S.A. Scot. Fcap. 8vo, pp. 24, parchment wrapper. 1881. Is.

DOBSON.— Monograph op the Asiatic Chiroptera, and Catalogue of the Species
of Bats in the Collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. By G. E. Dobson,
M.A., M.B., F.L.S., &o. 8vo, pp. viii. and 228, cloth. 1876. 12s.

D*OESEY.— A Practical Grammar of Portuguese and English, exhibiting in a
Series of Exercises, in Double Translation, the Idiomatic Structure of both Lan-
guages, as now written and si>oken. Adapted to Ollendorff's System by the Rev.
Alexander J. D. D'Orsey, of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and Lecturer on
Public Reading and Speaking at King's College, London. Third Edition. 12mo,
pp. viii. and 298, cloth. 1868. 7s.

D'ORSEY.— Colloquial Portuguese ; or, "Words and Phrases of Every-day Life.
Compiled from Dictation and Conversation. For the Use of English Tourists in
Portugal, Brazil, Madeira, &c. By the Rev. A. J. D. D'Orsey. Third Edition,
enlarged. 12mo, pp. viii. and 126, cloth. 1868. 3s. 6d.

DOUGLAS.— Chinese-English Dictionary op the Vernacular or Spoken Lan-
guage OP Amot, with the principal variations of the Cbang-Chew and Chin-
Chew Dialects. By the Rev. Carstairs Douglas, M. A., LL.D., Glasg., Missionary
of the Presbyterian Church in England. High quarto, double columns, pp. 632,
cloth. 1873. £3,38.

DOUGLAS.— CHI5BSB Language and Literature. Two Lectures delivered at the
Royal Institution, by R. K. Douglas, of the British Museum, and Professor of
Chinese at King's College. Crown 8vo, pp. 118, cloth. 1875. 5s.

POUOLAS.— The Life of Jenghiz Khan. Translated from the Chinese. "With an
Introduction. By Robert K. Douglas, of the British Museum, and Professor of
Chinese at King's College. Crown 8vo, pp. xxxvi. and 106, cloth. 1877. 5s.

B

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DOUSE.— Grimm's Law. A Study ; or, Hints towards an Explanation of the so-
called ** Lautverschiebung ;" to which are added some Bemarks on the Primitive
Indo-European K, and several Appendices. By T. Le Marchant Douse. 8vo,
pp. xvi. and 232, cloth. 1876. 10s. 6d.

DOWBON.— Dictionary op Hindu MrrHOLOOY, &c. See Trtibncr's Oriental
Series.

DOWSON.— A Grammar op the Urdu or Hindustan! Language. By John Dow-
son, M.B.A.S., Professor of Hindust&nT, Staff College, Sandhurst. Ciown 8vo,
pp. xvi and 264, with 8 Plates, cloth. 1872. 10s. 6d.

DOWSON.— A Hindustan! Exercise Book ; containing a Series of Passages and
Extracts adapted for Translation into Hindust&ni. By John Dowson, M.H.A.S.,
Professor of Hindust&ni, Staff College, Sandhurst. Crown 8vo, pp. 100, limp
cloth. 1872. 2s. 6d.

DUNCAN. — Geography op India, comprising a Descriptive Outline of all India,
and a Detailed Geographical, Commercial, Social, and Political Account of each
of its Provinces. With Histoiical Notes. By (Jeoi^e Duncan. Tenth Edition
(Bevised and Corrected to date from the latest Official Information). 18mo, pp.
yiii. and 182, limp cloth. 1880. Is. 6d.

DUSAB.— A Grammar op the German Language ; with Exercises. By P. Friedricb
Dusar, First German Master in the Military Department of Cheltenham College.
Second Edition. Crown 8vo, pp. viii. and 208, cloth. 1879. 4s. 6d.

EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOdETT.— Subscription, one guinea per annum. Extra
Series. Subscriptions— Small paper, one guinea; large paper, two guineas, per
annum. List oi publications on application.

EASTWIGK.— Khirad Aproz (the Illuminator of the Understanding). B^ Maulavi
Haffzu*d-din. A New Edition of the HindCistanl Text, carefully revised, with
Notes, Critical and Explanatory. By Edward B. Eastwick, F.RS., F.S.A.,
M.B.A.S., Professor of Hindustani at Haileybury College. Imperial 8vo, pp.
xiv. and 319, cloth. Beissue, 1867. 18s.

EASTWIGK.— The Gulistan. See Triibner's Oriental Series.

EGHO (Deutsches). The German Echo. A Faithful Mirror of German Oonver-
sation. By Ludwig "Wolfram. With a Vocabulary. By Henry P. Skelton
Post 8vo, pp. 130 and 70, cloth. 1863. 3s.

ECHO FRAN^AIS. A Practical Guide to Conversation. By Fr. de la Fruston.
With a complete Vocabulary. By Anthony Maw Border. Post 8vo, pp. 120 and
72, doth. 1860. 38.

EGOITALIANO (V). A Practical Guide to Italian Conversation. By Eugene
Camerini. With a complete Vocabulary. By Henry P. Skelton. Post 8vo, pp.
vi., 128, and 98, cloth. 1860. 48. 6d.

EGO DE MADBID. The Echo op Madrid. A Practical Guide to Spanish Con-
versation. By J. E. Hartzenbusch and Henry Lemming. With a complete
Vocabulary, containing copious Explanatory Bemarks. By Henry Lemming.
Post 8vo, pp. xiL, 144, and 83, cloth. 1860. 5s.

EDDA SiEMUNDAR HiNNS Froda. The Edda of Saemund the Learned. Translated
from the Old Norse, by Benjamin ITiorpe. Complete in 1 vol. fcap. 8vo, pp. viii.
and 152, and pp. viii. and 170, cloth. 1866. 7s. 6d.

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SDKINS.— China's Place in Philologt. An attempt to show that the Langnages
of Europe and Asia have a common origin. By the Rer. Joseph Edkins. Crown
8vo, pp. xxiii. and 403, cloth. 1871. lOs. 6d.

EDKINS. — Introduotion to thr Study of thr Chinbss Charaotkrs. By J. Edkins,
D.D., Peking, China. Royal 8yo, pp. 340, paper hoards. 1876. 18s.

EDKINS. — Religion in China. See English and Foreign Philosophical Library,
Vol. XIII.

EDKINS.— Chinese Buddhism. See Triibner's Oriental Series.

EDWARDS.— Memoirs of Libraries, together with a Practical Handbook of Library
Economy. By Edward Edwards. Numerous Illustrations. 2 vols, roval 8vo, cloth.
VoL i. pp. xxviii. and 841 ; Vol. ii. pp. xxxvi and 1104. 1859. £5, 8s.
Ditto, large paper, imperial 8vo, cloth. Jt'4, 4s.

EDWARDS.— Chapters op the Biographical History op the French Academy.
1629-1863. with an Appendix relating to the Unpublished Chronicle ** Liber de
Hyda.** By Edward Edwards. 8vo, pp. 180, cloth. 1864. 68.
Ditto, large paper, royal 8vo. lOs. 6d.

EDWARDS. —Libraries and Founders of Libraries. By Edward Edwards. 8vo,
pp. xix. and 506, cloth. 1865. 18s.
Ditto, large paper, imperial 8vo, cloth. £1, 10s.

EDWARDS.— Free Town Libraries, their Formation, Management, and History in
Britain, France, Germany, and America. Together with Biief Notices of Book
Collectors, and of the respective Places of Deposit of their Surviving Collections.
By Edward Edwards. 8vo, pp. xvi. and 634, cloth. 1869. 2l8.

EDWARDS.— Lives op the Founders of the British Museum, with Notices of its
Chief Augmentors and other Benefactors. 1570-1870. By Edward Edwards.
With Illustrations and Plans. 2 vols. 8vo, pp. xii. and 780, cloth. 1870. 30s.

BOER AND GRIME.— An Early English Romance. Edited from Bishop Percy's
Folio Manuscripts, about 1650 a.d. By John W. Hales, M. A., Fellow and late
Assistant Tutor of Clirist*s College, Cambridge, and Frederick J. Fumivall, M.A.,
of Trinity Hall, Cnmbridge. 4to, large paper, half bound, Roxburghe style, pp.
64. 1867. lOs. 6d.

EGOEUNG.— See Auctores Sanskriti, Vol. IV.

EGYPTIAN GENERAL STAFF PUBLICATIONS :—

Provinces of the Equator : Summary of Letters and Reports of the Governor-
General. Part 1. 1874. Royal 8vo, pp. viii and 90, stitched, with Map.
1877. 5s.

General Report on the Province op Kordopan. Submitted to General C. P.
Stone, Chief of the General Staff Egyptian Army. By Major H. G. Prout,
Corps of Enginers, Commanding Expedition of Reconnaissance. Made at El-
Obeiyad (Kordofan), March 12th, 1876. Royal 8vo, pp. 232, stitched, with
6 Maps. 1877. 10s. 6d.

Report on the Seizure bt the Abtssinians of the Geological and Mineralo-
gical Reconnaissance Expedition attached to the General Staff of the ^yptian
Army. By L. H. Mitchell, Chief of the Expedition. Containing an Account
of the subsequent Treatment of the Prisoners and Final Release of the Com-
mander. Roytd 8vo, pp. xii. and 126, stitched, with a Map. 1878. 7s. 6d.

EGYPTIAN CALENDAR for the year 1295 a.h. (1878 A.D.) : Corresponding with the
years 1594, 1595 of the Koptic Era. 8vo, pp. 98, sewed. 1878. 2s. 6d.

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EHRUCH.— French Readeb : With Notes and Vocabulary. By H. W. Ehrlicb.
12mo, pp. viii. and 125, limp cloth. 1877. Is. 6d.

EITEL.— Buddhism : Its Historical, Theoretical, and Popular Aspects. In Three
Lectures. By E. J. Eitel, M.A., Ph.D. Second Edition. Demy 8vo, pp. 130.
1873. 5s.

EITEL.— Feno-Shui ; or. The Rudiments of Natural Science in China. By E. J.
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FIELD.— Outlines op an International Code. By David Dudley Field. Second
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FOULKBS.— The Daya Bhaga, the Law of Inheritance of tlie Sarasvati Vilasa.
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FBIEDBICH.— A Grammar op the German LAnanAOB, with Exbroisbs. See
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OREENB.— A New Method of Learning to Read, Wkite, and Speak the
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1869. 3s. 6d.

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1869. Is.

OREO.— Why are Women Redundant ? By W. R. Greg. Fcap. Svo, pp. 40, cloth.
18C9. Is.

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OREO.— Mistaken Aims and Attainable Ideals of the Artisan Class. By W.
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Price we pay for Self-government. XI. Yestryism. XII. Direct v. Indirect
Taxation. XIII. The New Regime, and how to meet it. Demy Svo, pp. .342,
cloth. 1870. lOa. 6d.

OREO.— The Great Duel : Its true Meaning and Issues, By W. R. Greg. Crown
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OREO.~The Creed of Christendom. See English and Foreign Philosophical
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OREO.— Rocks Ahead ; or. The Warnings of Cassandra. By W. R. Greg. Second
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9s.

OREO.— Miscellaneous Essays. By W. R. Greg. Crown Svo, pp. 260, cloth.
18S1. 78. 6d.
Contents :— Rocks Ahead and Harbours of Refuge. Foreign Policy of Great
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in Politics more Just than that of the Higher Orders? Harriet Martineao.
Yerify your Compass. The Proplietic Element in the Gospels. Mr. Frederick
Harrison on the Future Life. Can Truths be Apprehended which could
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OREO.— Interleaves in the Workday Prose op Twenty Years. By Percy Greg.
Fcap. Svo, pp. 128, cloth. 1875. 2s. 6d.

OREO.— The Devil's Advocate. By Percy Greg, Author of " Interleaves.** 2 vols,
post Svo, pp. iv., 340, and 352, cloth. 1878. £1, Is.

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OREO.— Across the Zodiac: The Story of a AVrecked Record. Deciphered,
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In 2 vols, crown 8vo, pp. vL-296, and vi.-288, cloth. 1880. 2l8.

ORIFFIN.— Thb Rajas of the Punjab. Being the History of the Principal States
in the Punjab, and their Political Relations with the British Government. By
Lepel H. Griffin, Bengal Civil Service, Acting Secretary to the Government of the
Punjab, Author of "The Punjab Chiefs," &c. Second Edition. Royal 8vo,
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ORIFFIN.— The "World under Glass. By Frederick Griffin, Author of **The
Destiny of Man," **The Storm King," and other Poems. Fcap. 8vo, pp. 204
cloth gilt. 1879. 38. 6d.

OBIFFIS.— The Mikado's Empire. Book I. History of Japan, from 660 B.o. to
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1870-1874. By W. E. Griffis, AM. 8vo, pp. 636, cloth. Illustrated. 1877.
20s.

GRIFFITH.— The Birth op the War God. See Triibner's Oriental Series.

GRIFFITH. —Yusup AND Zulaikha. See Trubner's Oriental Series.

GRIFFITH. ^Scenes from the Ramatana, Meohaduta, &c. Translated by Ralph
T. H. Griffith, M.A» Principal of the lienares College. Second Edition. Crown
Svo, pp. xviii. and 244, cloth. 1870. 6s.

CoHTKNTS— Preface — ^Ayodhya— Ravan Doomed— The Birth of Rama— The Heir- Apparent —
Manthara's Oaile — Dasaratha's Oath— The Step-mother— Mother and Son— The Triumph of
Love— Farewell f- The Hermit's Son— The Trial of Truth— The Forest— The Rape of Sita—
Rama's Despair— The Messenger Cloud- Khumbakama— The Suppliant Dove— True Glory —
Feed the Poor—The Wise Scholar.

GRIFFITH.— The R^mItan of VALMfKi. Translated into Enclish Yerse. By Ralph
T. H. Griffith, M.A., Principal of the Benares College. Vol. I., containing Books
I. and II., demy 8vo, pp. xxxii. and 440, cloth. 1870. 18s. — VoL II., containing
Book II., with additiomil Notes and Index of Names. Demy 8vo, pp. 504, cloth.
1871. 18s.— VoL lU., demy 8vo, pp. 390, cloth. 1872. 15s.— Vo£ IV., demy
Svo, pp. viii and 432, cloth. 1873. 18^. — VoL V., demy 8vo, pp. viiu and 360,
cloth. 1875. Iba. The complete work, 5 vols. £4, 4s.

OROTE.— Review of the Work of Mr. John Stuart Mill entitled *' Examination of
Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy." By George Grote, Author of the *' History
of Ancient Greece," " Plato, and the other Companions of Socrates," &c. 12mo,
pp. 112, cloth. 1868. 38. 6d.

GROUT.— Zulu-Land; or. Life among the Zulu-Kafirs of Natal and Zulu-Land,
South Africa. By the Rev. Le^is Grout. Crown 8vo, pp. 352, cloth. With
Map and Illustrations. 7s. 6d.

GROWSE.— Mathura : A District Memoir. By F. S. Growse, B.C.S., M.A., Oxon,
CLE., Fellow of the Calcutta University. Second edition, illustrated, revised,
and enlarged, 4to, pp. xxiv. and 520, hoards. 1880. 42s.

OUBERNATI8.— Zoological Mttholoot ; or. The Legends of Animals. By Angelo
de Guhematis, Professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Xiiterature in the Instituto
di Studii Superorii e di Perfezionamento at Florence, &c. 2 vols. 8vo, i>p. xxri.
and 432, and viL and 442, cloth. 1872. £1, 8s.

This work is an important contribution to the study of the comparative mythology of the Indo-
Germanic nations. The author introduces the denizens of the air, earth, and water in the vari-
ous characters assigned to them in the myths and legends of all civilised nations, and traces the
migration of the mythological ideas from the times of the early Aryans to those of the Greeks,
Romans, and Teutons.

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OITLSHAM L BAZ : The Mtstio Rose Gaedbn of Sa'd ud din BIahmud Shabis-
TARI. The PerriAn Text, with an English Translation and Notes, chiefly from the
Commentary of Muhammed Bin Tahya Lahiji. By E. H. Whinfield, M. A., Bar-
rister-at-La\r, late of H.M B.C.S. 4to, pp. xvi., 94, 60, cloth. 1880. lOs. 6d.

OUMPACH.— Treaty Rights op the FoREiaN Merchant, and the Transit System
in China. By Johannes von Qompach. 8vo, pp. xviii. and 421, sewed. lOs. 6d.

aUTHBIB.— On Mb. Spencer's Formdla of Evolution as an Exhaustive State-
ment OF THE Changes of the Universe. By Malcolm Guthrie. Post 8vo, pp.
xii and 268, cloth. 1879. 6s. 6d.

GUTHEIB.— On Mb. Spencer's Unification of Knowledge. By Malcolm
Guthrie, Author of ** On Mr. Spencer's Formula of Evolution as an Exhaustive
Statement of the Changes of the Universe.'* Crown 8vo. [In preparation,

HAAS.— Catalogue of Sanskrit and Pali Books in the British Museum. By
Dr. Ernst Haas. Printed by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.
4to, pp. viii. and 188, paper boards. 1876. 2L8.

HAFIZ OF SHIBAZ.— Sblkotions from his Pobm^. Translated from the Persian
bv Hermann BicknelL With Preface by A, S. Bicknell. Demy 4to, pp. xx. and
384, printed on fine stout plate-paper, with appropriate Oriental Bordering in gold
and colour, and Illustrations by J. B. Herbert, B. A. 1875. £2, 28.

HAFIZ.--See Trubner's Oriental Series.

HA6EN.— NOBICA ; or. Tales from the Olden Time. Translated from the German of
August Hagen. Fcap. 8vo, pp. xiv. and 374. 1850. 58.

HAHN.— TsUNi-IiGOAM, the Supreme Being of the Khoi-Khoi. By Theophilus
Hahn, Ph.D., Custodian of the Grey Collection, Cape Town, &c., &c. Post 8vo,
pp. xiv. and 154. 1882. 7s. 6d.

HALDBMAN. —Pennsylvania Dutch : A Dialect of South Gennany with an Infusion
of English. By S. S. Hiddeman, A.M., Professor of Comparative Philology in the
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 8vo, pp. viii. and 70, cloth. 1872. 36.
6d.

HALL.— On English Adjectives in -Able, with Special Befebence to Reliable.
By FitzEdward Hall, C.E., MA., Hon. D.C.L. Oxon; formerlj^ Professor of
Sanskrit Language and Literature, and of Indian Jurisprudence in King's College,
London. Crown 8vo, pp. viiL and 238, cloth. 1877. 7s. 6d.

HALL.— Modebn English. By FitzEdward Hall, M. A., Hon. D.C.L. Oxon. Crown
8vo, pp. xvi and 394, cloth. 1873. 10s. 6d.

HALL.— Sun and Eabth as Gbeat Forces in Chemistry. By T. W. Hall, M.D.,
L.R.C.S.E. Crown 8vo, pp. xiL and 220, cloth. 1874. 3s.

HALL.— Arctic Expedition. See Nourse.

HALLOCK.— The Sportsman's Gazetteer and General Guide. The Game
Animals, Birds, and Fishes of North America : their Habits and various methods
of Capture, Ac, &c. With a Directory to the principal Game Resorts of the
Country. By Charles Hullock. Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo, cloth. Maps and
Portrait. 1878. 15s.

HAM.— The Maid of Corinth. A Drama in Four Acts. By J. Panton Ham.
Crown 8vo, pp. 65, sewed. 2s. Cd.

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HABDY.— Christianitt and Buddhism Compared. By the late Rev. R. Spence
Hardy, Hon. Member Royal Asiatic Society. 8vo, pp. 138, sewed. 1875. 7s. 6d.

HARLET.— The Simplification op English Spelling, specially adapted to the Ris-
ing Generation. An Easy Way of Saving Time in Writing, Printing, and Reading.
By Dr. George Harley, F.R.S., F.C.S. 8vo. pp. 128, cloth. 1877. 2s. 6d.

HARRISON.— The Meaning op History. Two Lectures delivered by Frederic
Harrison, M.A. 8vo, pp. 80, sewed. 1862. Is.

HARRISON.— Woman's Handiwork in Modern Homes. By Constance Cary
Harrison. With numerous Illustrations and Five Coloured Plates, from designs
by Samuel Oolman, Rosina Emmet, George Gibson, and others. 8vo, pp. xiL and
242, cloth. 1881. lOs.

HARTIN6.— British Animals Extinct within Historic Times : with some Ac-
count of British Wild White Cattle. By J. E. Harting, F.L.S., F.Z.S. With
Illustrations by Wolf, Whymper, Sherwin, and others. Demy 8vo, pp. 256,
cloth. 1881. 14s. A few copies, large paper, 31s. 6d.

HARTZENBUSCH and LEMMINO— Eco de Madrid. A Practical Guide to Spanish
Conversation. By J. E. Hartzenbusch and H. Lemming. Second Edition. Post
8vo, pp. 250, cloth. 1870. 5s.

HA8E.— Miracle Plats and Sacred Dramas : An Historical Survey. By Dr.
Karl Hase. Translated from the German by A. W. Jackson, and Edited by the
Rev. W. W. Jackson, Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. Crown 8vo, pp 288.
1880. 9s.

HAUG.— Glossary and Index of the Pahlavi Texts of the Book of Arda Viraf,
the Tale of Gosht — J. Fryano, the Hadokht Nask, and to some extracts from the
Dinkard and Nirangistan ; prepared from Destur Hoshangji Jamasnji Asa*8
Glossary to the Arda Viraf Namak, and from the Original Texts, with Notes on
Pahlavi Grammar by E. W. West, Ph.D. Revised by M. Haug, Ph.D., &c.
Published by order of the Bombay Government. 8vo, pp. viii. and 352, sewed.
1874. 25s.

HAUG.- The Sacred Language, &c., op the Parsis. See Trtibner's Oriental
Series.

HAUPT.— The London Arbitrageur; or, The English Money Market, in con-
nection with Foreign Bourses. A Collection of Not^s and Formulae for the Axbi-
tration of Bills, Stocks, Shares, Bullion, and Coins, with all the Important
Foreign Countries. ' Bv Ottomar Haupt. Crown 8vo, pp. viii. and 196, cloth.
1870. . 7s. 6d.

HAWKEN.— Upa-SasteuI : Comments, Linguistic, Doctrinal, on Sacred and Mythic
Literature. By J. D. Hawken. Crown 8Vo, pp. viii. and 288, cloth. 1877. 7s. 6d.

HAZEN. —The School and the Army in Germany and France, with a Diary of Siege
Life at Versailles. By Brevet Major-General W. B. Hazen, U.S.A., CoL 6th In-
fantry. 8vo, pp. 408, cloth. 1872. 10s. 6d.

HEATH.— Edgar Quinet. See English and Foreign Philosophical Library, Vol.

HEBREW LITERATURE SOCIETY. Subscription, one guinea per annum. List of
publications on application.

H 3BREW MIGRATION FROM EGYPT (The). 8vo, pp. xil and 440, cloth. 1879.

168.

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HECKBB.— The Epidemics of the Middle Aoes. Translated by G. B. Babington,
M.D., F.R.S. Third Edition, completed by the Author's Treatise on Child-Pa-
grimagei. By J. F. C. Becker. 8vo, pp. 384, cloth. 1859. 98. 6d.
CoNTBNTS.—The Black Death— The Dancing Mania— The Sweating Sickness— Child PO-

grimages.

HEDLE7 — Masterpieces of German Poetry. Translated in the Measure of the
Originals, by F. H. Hedley. With Illustrations by Louis Wanke. Crown 8to,
pp. viii. and 120, cloth. 1876. 6s.

HEDnS.— Wit, Wisdom, and Pathos from the Prose of Heinrich Heine. With a
few pieces from the " Book of Songs." Selected and Translated by J. Snodgraas.
With Portrait. Crown 8vo, pp. xx. and 340, cloth. 1879. 7s. 6d.

HEniE. — Pictures of Traveu Translated from the German of Henry Heine, by
Charles G. Leland. 7th Revised Edition. Crown 8vo, pp. 472, with Portrait,
cloth. 1873. 7s. 6d.

HEINB.— Heine*s Book of Songs. Translated by Charles G. Leland. Fcap. 8to,
pp. xiv. and 240, cloth, gilt edges. 1874. 7s. 6d.

HENDBIK.— Memoirs of Hans Hendrik, the Arctic Traveller ; serving under
Kane, Hayes, Hall, and Nares, 1853-76. Written by Himself. Translated from
the Eskimo Language, by Dr. Henry Rink. Edited by Prof. Dr. G. Stephens,
F.S.A. Crown 8vo, pp. 100, Map, cloth. 187a 3s. 6d.

fiENNELL.— Present Religion: As a Faith owning Fellowship with Thought
Vol. I. Part L By Sara S. Hennell. Crown 8vo, pp. 670, cloth. 1865. 78. 6d.

HENNELL.— Present Reugion : As a Faith owning Fellowship with Though!
Part II. First Division. Intellectual Effect : shown as a Principle of Metaphy*
sical Comparativism. By Sara S. Hennell. Crown 8vo, pp. 61^ cloth. 1873.
7s. 6d.

HENNELL.— Comparativism shown as Furnishing a Religious Basis to Morality.
(Present Religion. Vol. III. Part II. Second Division : Practical Effect. ) By
Sara S. Hennell. Crown 8vo, pp. 220, stitched in wrapper. 1878. 38. 6d.

HENNELL. — Thoughts in Aid of Faith. Gathered chiefly from recent Works in
Theology and Philosophy. By Sara S. HennelL Post 8vo, pp. 428, cloth. 1860. 68.

UEN WOOD.— The Metalliferous Deposits of Cornwall and Devon ; with Ap-
pendices on Subterranean Temperature ; the Electricity of Rocks and Veins : the
Quantities of Water in tlie Cornish Mines ; and Mining Statistics. (Vol. V. of
the Transactions of the Royal Geographical Society of ComwalL) By William
Jory Hen wood, F.R.S., F.G.S. 8vo, pp. x. and 615 ; with 113 Tables, and 12
Plates, half bound. £2, 2s.

HENWOOD.— Observations on Metalliferous Deposits, and on Subterranean
Temperature. (Vol. VIII. of the Transactions of the Royal Geological Society
of Cornwall.) By William Jory Henwood, F.R.S., F.G.S., President of the
Royal Instittttion of ComwalL In 2 Parts. 8vo, pp. xxx., vii. and 916 ; with
38 Tables, 31 Engravings on Wood, and 6 Plates. £1, 16s.

HEPBURN. —A Japanese and English Dictionary. With an English and Japanese
Index. By J. C. Hepburn, M.D., LL.D. Second Edition. Imperial 8vo, pp.
xxxii., 632, and 201, cloth. £8, 8s.

HEPBURN.— Japanese-English and English- Japanese Dictionary. By J. C.
Hepburn, M.D., LL.D. Abridged by the Author. Square fcap., pp. vi. and 636,
cloth. 1873. 188.

HERNISZ.— A Guide to Conversation in the English and Chinese Lanquaobs,
for the Use of Americans an<i Chinese in California and elsewhere. By Stanislas
Hemisz. Square 8vo, pp. 274, sewed. 1856. 10s. 6d.

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HERSHON.— Talmudic Miscellany. See Trtibner's Oriental Seriee.

HERZEN.— Du Developpement des IdAes Revolutionnaires en Russib. Par
Alexander Herzen. 12mo, pp. xxiii. and 144, sewed. 1853. 28. 6d.

HERZEN.— A separate list of A. Herzen's works in Russian may be had on
application.

HILL.— The History op the Reform Movement in the Dental Profession in Great
Britain during the last twenty years. By Alfred Hill, Licentiate in Dental Sur-
gery, &c. Crown 8vo, pp. xvi. and 400, cloth. 1877. lOs. 6d.

HTTiLRBRAND.— France and toe French in the Second Half of the Nine-
teenth Century. By Karl Hillebrand. Translated from the Third German
Edition. Post 8vo, pp. xx. and 262, cloth. 188L lOs. 6d.

HINDOO Mythology Popularly Treated. Being an Epitomised Description of
the various Heathen Deities illustrated on the Silver Swami Tea Service pre-
sented, as a memento of his visit to India, to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, K.G.,
G.C.S.I., by His Highness the Gaekwar of Baroda. Small 4to, pp. 42, limp cloth.
1876. 3s. 6d.

HODGSON.— Essays on the Languages, Literature, and Religion of Mpal
AND Tibet. Together with further Papers on the Geography, Ethnology, and
Commerce of those Countries. By B. H. Hodgson, late British Minister at the
Court of Nepal. Royal 8vo, cloth, pp. xiL and 276. 1874. 14s.

HODGSON.— Essays on Indian Subjects. See Triibner's Oriental Series.

HODGSON.— The Education oi Girls ; and the Employment op Women of
the Upper Classes Educationally considered. Two Lectures. By W. B.
Hodgson, LL.D. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, pp. xvi and 114, cloth. 1869.
3s. 6d.

HODGSON.— Turcot : His Life, Times, and Opinions. Two Lectures. By W. B.
Hodgson, LL.D. Crown 8vo, pp. vi. and 83, sewed. 1870. 2s.

HOERNLB.— A Comparative Gramuar of the Gaudian Languages, with Special
Reference to the Eastern Hindi. Accompanied by a Language Map, and a Table
of Alphabets. By A. F. Rudolf Hoenile. Demy 8vo, pp. 474, cloth. 1880. 18s.

HOLBEIN S0CIET7.— Subscription, one guinea per annum. List of publications
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HOLMES-FORBES.— The Science of Beauty. An Analytical Inquiry into the
Laws of .^thetics. By Avary W. Holmes-Forbes, of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-
Law. Post 8vo, cloth, pp. vi. and 200. 1881. 68.

HOLST.— The Constitutional and Political History op the United States.
By Dr. H. von Hoist. Translated by J. J. Lalor and A. B. Mason. Royal 8vo.
VoL I. 1750-1833. State Sovereignty and Slavery. Pp. xvi. and 506. 1876. 18s.
— Vol. II. 1828-1846. Jackon^s Administration— Annexation of Texas. Pp.
720. 1879. £l,2s.

HOLTOAKE.— The History of Co-operation in England : its Literature and its
Advocates. By G. J. Holyoake. Vol. I. TJie Pioneer Period, 1812-44. Crown
8vo, pp. xii. and 420, cloth. 1875. 68.— Vol. II. The Constructive Period, 1845-
78. Crown 8vo, pp. x. and 504, cloth. 1878. 8s.

HOLTOAKE.— The Trial of Theism accused op Obstructing Secular Life. By
G. J. Holyoake. Crown 8vo, pp. xvi. and 256, cloth. 1877. 4s.

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HOLTOAKE.— Beasoning from Facts : A Method of Everyday Logic. By G. J.
Holyoake. Fcap., pp. xii. and 94, wrapper. 1877. Is. 6d.

EOPKINS.— Elementabt Grammar of the Turkish Languaoe. With a few Easy
Exercises. By F. L. Hopkins, M. A., Fellow and Tutor of Trinity Hall, Cam-
bridge. Crown 8vo, pp. 48, cloth. 1877. 3s. 6d..

EOWBE.— A Grammar of the Cree Language. "With which is combined an
Analysis of the Chippeway Dialect. By Joseph Howse, F.R.G.S. 8vo, pp. xi.
and 324, cloth. 1865. 7s. 6d.

HULME. — Mathematical Drawing Instruments, and How to Use Them. By
F. Edward Hulme, F.L.S., F.S.A., Art-Master of Marlborough College, Author of
"Principles of Ornamental Art," "Familiar Wild Flowers," "Suggestions on
Floral Design," &c. With Illustrations. Second Edition. Imperial 16mo, pp.
XTi. and 152, cloth. 1881. 3s. 6d.

BUMBERT.— On "Tenant Right." By C. F. Humbert. 8vo, pp. 20, sewed.
1875. Is.

HUMBOLDT.— The Sphere and Duties of Government. Translated from the
German of Baron Wilhelm Von Humboldt by Joseph Coulthard, jun. Post 8vo,
pp. XT. and 203, cloth. 1854. 5s.

HUMBOLDT.— Letters op William Von Humboldt to a Female Friend. A com-
plete Edition. Translated from the Second German Edition by Catherine M. A.
Couper, with a Biographical Notice of the Writer. 2 vols, crown 8vo, pp. xxviii
and 692, cloth. 1867. 10s.

HUNT.— The Beligion op the Heart. A Manual of Faith and Duty. By Leigh
Hunt. Fcap. 8vo, pp. xxiv. and 259, cloth. 2s. (>d.

HUNT.— Chemical and Geological Essays. By Professor T. Sterry Hunt.
Second Edition. 8vo, pp. xxii. and 448, cloth. 1879. 128.

HUNTEB.— A Comparative Dictionary op the Non- Aryan Languages op India
and High Asia. With'A Dissertation, Political and Linguistic, on the Aboriginal
Paces. By W. W. Hunter, B. A., M.R.A.S., Hon. Fel. EthnoL Soc., Author of
the ** Annals of Rural Bengal," of H.M.'s Civil Service. Being a Lexicon of 144
Languages, illustrating Turanian Speech. Compiled from the Hodgson Lists,
Government Archives, and Original MSS., arranged with Prefaces and Indices in
English, French, German, Russian, and Latin. Large 4to, toned paper, pp. 230,
cloth. 1869. 42s.

HUNTER.— The Indian Mussulmans. By W. W. Hunter, B. A., LL.D., Director
General of Statistics to the Government of India, &c.. Author of the ** Annals of
Rural Bengal," &c. Third Edition. 8vo, pp. 219, cloth. 1876. 10s. 6d.

HUNTER.— Famine Aspects of Bengal Districts. A System of Famine Warnings.
By W. W. Hunter, B.A., LL D. Crown 8vo, pp. 216, cloth. 1874. 7s. 6d.

HUNTER.— A Statistical Account op Bengal. By W. W. Hunter, B. A., LL.D.,
Director-General of Statistics to the Government of India, &c. In 20 vols. 8vo,
half morocco. 1877. £5.

HUNTER.— Catalogue op Sanskrit Manuscripts (Buddhist). Collected in Nepal
by B. H. Hodgson, late Resident at the Court of Nepal. Compiled from Lists in
Calcutta, France, and England, by W. W. Hunter, CLE., LL.D. 8vo, pp. 2^
paper. 1880. 2s. »*-*---.

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HUNTER. —The Imperial Gazetteer op India. By W. W. Hunter, C. I. E. , LL. D. ,
Director-General of Statistics to the Government of India. In Nine Volumes.
8vo, pp. xxxiii. and 544, 539, 567, xix. and 716, 509, 513, 556, 537, and xii. and
478, half morocco. With Maps. 1881. £3, 38.

HUNTER.— An Account op the British Settlement op Aden, in Arabia. Com-
piled by Capt. F. M. Hunter, Assistant Political Resident, Aden. 8vo, pp. xii.
and 232, half bound. 1877. 7s. 6d.

HUNTER.— A Statistical Account op Assam. By W. W. Hunter, B.A., LL.D.,
C.I.B., Director- General of Statistics to the Government of India, &c. 2 vols,
8vo, pp. 420 and 490, with 2 Maps, ha morocco. 1879. 10s.

HURST.— History op Rationalism : embracing a Survey of the Prtient State of
Protestant Theology. By the Rev. John F. Hurst, A.M. "With Appendix of
Literature. Revised and enlarged from the Third American Edition, Crown 8vo,
pp. xvii. and 525, cloth. 1867. 10s. 6d.

HYETT.— Prompt Remedies por Accidents and Poisons : Adapted to the use of
the Inexperienced till Medical aid arrives. By W. H. Hyett, F.R.S. A Broad-

■ sheet, to hang up in Country Schools or Vestries, Workshops, Offices of Factories,
Mines and Docks, on board Yachts, in Railway Stations, remote Shooting
Quarters, Highland Manses, and Private Houses, wherever the Doctor lives at a
distance. Sold for the benefit of the Gloucester Eye Institution. In sheets, 21}
by 17i inches, 2s. 6d. ; mounted, 3s. 6d.

HYMANS.— Pupil Vei'sua Teacher. Letters from a Teacher to a Teacher. Fcap.
8vo, pp. 92, cloth. 1875. 2s.

IHNE.— A Latin Grammar por Beginners. By W. H. Ihne, late Principal
of Carlton Terrace School, liverpooL Crown 8vo, pp. vi. and 184, cloth.
1864. 3s.

IEHWXnU-S Sap/; or, Brothers of Purity. Translated from the Hindustani by
Professor John Dowson, M.R. A.S., Staff College, Sandhurst. Crown 8vo, pp.
viii. and 156, cloth. 1869. 7s.

INDIA.— Arch JX)LoaiCAL Survey op Western India. See Burgess.

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Burgess' Archseological Survey of Western India. Vols. I. and III. 42s. each.

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Cole's Agra and Muttra. 70t.
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Liotard's Materials for Paper. 28. 6d.
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INQLEBT.— See Shakesfeabe.

INMAN.— Nautical Tables. Designed for the use of British Seamen. By theEev.
James Inman, D.D., late Professor at the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth.
Demy 8vo, pp. xvi. and 410, cloth. 1877. 15s.

INMAN. —HiSTOBY OF THE ENGLISH ALPHABET : A Paper read before the Liverpool
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1872. Is.

IN SEARCH OF TRUTH. Conversations on the Bible and Popular Theology, for
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INTERNATIONAL Numismata Obientalia (The).— Royal 4to, in paper wrapper.
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Map of the India of Manu. • 9s, 6d. — Part II. Coins of the Urtukf Turkum^s.
By Stimley Lane Poole, Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Pp. 44, with 6 Plates.
9s. — Part III. The Coinage of Lydia and Persia, from the Earliest Times to the
Fall of the Dynasty of the Achsemenidse. By Barclay V. Head, Assistant-Keeper
of Coins, British Museum. Pp. viii.-56, with 3 Autotype Plates. IDs. 6d.—
Part IV. The Coins of the Tuluni Dynasty. By Edward Thomas Rogers. Pp.
iv.-22, and 1 Plate. 58.— Part V. The Parthian Coinage. By Percy Gardner,
M.A. Pp. iv.-66, and 8 Autotype Plates. 18s.— Part VL The Ancient Going
and Measures of Ceylon. By T. W. Rhys Davids. Pp. iv. and 60, and 1 Plate.

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INTEBNATIONAL Numibmata OvissrsKLA.— continued,

10s. — Vol. I., containing the first six parts, as specified above. Royal 4to, half
bound. £3, 138. 6d.

Vol. n. Coins of the Jews. Being a History of the Jewish Coinage and Money
in the Old and New Testaments. By Frederick W. Madden, M.R. A.S., Member
of the Numismatic Society of London, Secretary of the Brighton College, &c.,
&c. With 279 woodcuts and a plate of alphabets. Royal 4to, pp. xii. and 330,
1881. Sewed. £2.

The Coins op Abakan, of Pegu, and of Bubma. By Sir Arthur Phayre, C.B.,
K.C.S.L, G.C.M.G., late Commissioner of British Burma. Royal 4to, with
Autotype Illustrations. [In preparation,

JACKSON. —Ethnology and Phrenology as an Aid to the Historian. By the
late J. W. Jackson. Second Edition. With a Memoir of the Author, by his
Wife. Crown 8vo, pp. xx. and 324, cloth. 1875. 43. 6d.

JACKSON.— The Shropshirb Word-Book. A Glossary of Archaic and Provincial
Words, &c., used in the County. By Georgina F. Jackson. Crown 8yo, pp. civ.
and 624, cloth. 1881. 31s. 6d.

JACOB.— Hindu Pantheism. See Triibner's Oriental Series.

JAOIELSKI.— On Marienbad Spa, and the Diseases Curable by its Waters and
Baths. By A. V. Jagielski, M.D., Berlih. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, pp. viiL
and 186. With Map. Cloth. 1874. ds.

JAltiSON.— The Life and Times of Bertrand Du Guesclin. A History of the
Fourteenth Century. By D. F. Jamison, of South Carolina. Portrait. 2 vols.
Svo, pp. xvi, 287, and viii., 314, cloth. 1864. £1, Is.

JAPAN.— Map of Nippon (Japan) : Compiled from Native Maps, and the Notes of
most recent Travellers. By R. Henry Brunton, M. I. C. R , F. R. G.S. , 1880. Size,
5 feet by 4 feet, 20 miles to the inch. In 4 Sheets, £1, Is.; Roller, varnished,
£1, Ua. 6d.; Folded, in Case, £1, 5s. 6d.

JATUUl (The), together with its Commentary : being tales of the Anterior Births
of Gotama Buddha. Now first published in Pali, by V. FausboU. Text. Svo.
Vol L, pp. viii. and 612, cloth. 1877. 28s.— VoL II., pp. 452, cloth. 1879.
28s.— Vol. III. in preparation, (For Translation see Triibner's Oriental Series,
"Buddhist Birth Stories.")

JENKINS.— Vest-Pooket Lexicon. Ai> English Dictionary of all except familiar
Words, including the principal Scientific and Technical Terms, and Foreign
MonevB, "Weights and Measures ; omitting what everybody knows, and contain-
ing what everybody wants to know and cannot readily find. By Jabez Jenkins.
64mo, pp. 564, doth. 1879. Is. 6d.

JOHNSON.— Oriental Religions. See English and Foreign Philosophical Library,
Extra Series, Vols. IV. and V.

JOLLT.— See NARADf YA.

JOMINI.— The Art op "War. By Baron de Jomini, General and Aide-de-Camp to
the Emperor of Russia. A New Edition, with Appendices and Maps. Translated
from the French. By Captain G. H. Mendell, and Captain W. O. Craighill.
Crown 8vo, pp. 410, doth, 1879, 9s.

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JORDAN. — Album to the Coubse of Lectures on Metallubgt, at the Parii
Central School* of Arts and Manufactures. By S. Jordan, C. E. M. I. & S. L Demy
4to, paper. With 140 Plates, Description of the Plates, Numerical Data^ and
Notes upon the Working of the Apparatus. £4.

JOSEPH.— Religion, Natural and Revealed. A Series of Progressive Lessons
for Jewish Youth. By N. S. Joseph. Crown 8vo, pp. xii.-296, cloth. 1879.
3to.

JOVENALIS SATnUE. With a Literal English Prose Translation and Notes. By
J. D. Lewis, M.A., Trin. CoU. Camb. Second Edition. 8vo. [In preparation,

KARCHEB.— Questionnaire Fran9ais. Questions on French Grammar, Idiomatic
Difficulties, and Militaiy Expressions.' By Theodore Karcher, LL.B. Fourth
Edition, greatly enlarged. Crown 8vo, pp. 224, cloth. 1879. 4s. 6d. Interl^ved
with writing paper, 5s. 6d.

KABDEC— The Spirit's Book. Containing the Principles of Spiritist Doctrine on
the Immortality of the Soul, &c., &o., according to the Teachings of Spirits of
High Degree, transmitted through various mediums, collected and set in order by
Allen Kardec. Translated from the 120th thousand by Anna BlackwelL Crown
8vo, pp. 512, cloth. 1875. 7s. 6d.

KABDEO.—The Medium's Book ; or, Guide for Mediums and for Evocations.
Containing the Theoretic Teachings of Spirits concerning aU kinds of Manifesta-
tions, the Means of Communication with the Invisible World, the Development
of Medianimity, &c., &c. By Allen Kardec. Translated by Anna Blackwell.
Crown 8vo, pp. 456, cloth. 1876. 7s. 6d.

KARDEC— Heaven and Hell ; or, the Divine Justice Vindicated in the Plurality
of Existences. By Allen Elardec. Translated by Anna Blackwell. Oown 8vo,
pp. viiL and 448, cloth. 1878. 7s. 6d.

EENDRICE.— Greek Ollendorpp. A Progressive Exhibition of the Principles of
the Greek Grammar. By Asahel C. Kenmick. 8vo, pp. 371, doth. 1870. 9s.

SETS OF THE CREEDS (The). Third Revised Edition. Crown 8vo, pp. 210,
cloth. 1876. 58. ^

EINAHAN.— Valleys and their Relation to Fissures, Fractures, and Faults.
By G. H. Kinahan, M.B.I.A., F.R.G.S.L,&c. Dedicated by permission to his
Grace the Duke of Argyll. Crown 8vo, pp. 256, cloth, illustrated. 7s. 6d.

KINO'S STRATAOEM (The) ; Or, Thi Pearl OF Poland ; A Tragedy in Five Acts.
By Stella. Second Edition. Crown ^70^ pp. 94, cloth. 1874. 2s. 6d.

EIN0ST0N.~The Unity of Creation. A Contribution to the Solution of the
Religious Question. By F. H. Kingston. Crown 8vo, pp. viii. and 152, doth.
1874. 5s.

EISTNER.— Buddha and his Doctrines. A Bibliographical Essay. By Otto
Eistner. 4to, pp. iv. and 32, sewed. 1869. 2s. 6d.

ELEMM.— Muscle Beating; or, Active and Passive Home Gymnastics, for Healthy
and TJnhealthv People. By C. Klemm. With Illustrations. 8vo. pp. 60,
wrapper. 1878. Is.

KOHL.— Travels in Canada and through the States of New York and
PmfNSYLVANiA. By J. G. Kohh Translated by Mrs Percv Sinnett. Revised by
the Author. Two vols, post 8vo, pp. xiv. and 794, cloth. 1861. £1, Is.

KRAPF.— Dictionary of the Suahili Language. Compiled by the Rev. Dr. L.
Krapf, missionary of the Church Missionary Society in East Africa. With an
Appendix, containing an outline of a Suahili Grammar. Medium 8yo.

[Nearly rtady.

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KRAUS.— Oablsbad and its Natukal Healing Agents, from the Physiological
and Therapeutical Point of View, By J. Kraos, M.D. With Notes Introductory
by the Eev. J. T. Walters, M.A. Second Edition. Eevised and enlarged. Crown
8vo, pp. 104, cloth. 1880. 5s.

EBOEGEB.— The Minnesinger of Gebmant. By A. E. Kroeger. Fcap. 8to, pp.
290, cloth. 1873. 78.

KURZ.— Forest Flora op British Burma. By S. Kurz, Curator of the Her-
barium, Boyal Botanical Gardens, Calcutta. 2 vols, crown 8vo, pp. xxx., 550,
and 614, cloth. 1877. 30s.

LACERDA'S Journey to Cazembe in 1798. Translated and Annotated by Captain
R. F. Burton, F.R.G.S. Also Journey of the Pombeiros, &c. Demy 8vo, pp. viiL
and 272. With Map, cloth. 1873. Ts. 6d.

LAHARL— Collection op Italian and English Dialogues. By A. Lanari.
Fcap. 8vo, pp. Yiii. and 200, cloth. 1874. 3s. 6d.

LAND.— The Principles of Hebrew Grammar. By J. P. N. Land, Professor of
Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Leyden. Translated from the Dutch,
by Reginald Lane Poole, Balliol College, Oxford. Part L Sounds. Part XL
Words. With Large Additions by the Author, and a new Preface. Crown 8vo,
pp. XX. and 220, cloth. 1876. 7s. 6d.

LANE.— The Koran. See Trttbnei^s Oriental Series.

LANOE.— A HiSTORT OP Materialism. See English and Foreign Philosophical
Library, Vols. I. to HL

LANGE.— Gbrmania. A German Reading-book Arranged Progressively. By F. K.
W. Lange, Ph.D. Part I. Anthology of German Prose and Poetry, with
Vocabulary and Biographical Notes. 8vo. pp. xvi. and 216, cloth, 1881, 3s. 6d.
Part n. Essays on German History and Institutions, with Notes. 8vo, pp. 124,
cloth. Parts I. and II. together. 58. 6d.

LANOE.— German Prose Writing. Comprising English Passages for Translation
into German. Selected from Examination Papers of the University of London,
the College of Preceptors, London, and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich,
arranged progressively, with Notes and Theoretical as weU as Practical Treatises
on themes for the writing of Essays. By F. K. W. Lange, Ph.D., Assistant Ger-
man Master, Royal Academy, Woolwich ; Examiner, Royal College of Preceptors
London. Crown 8vo, pp. viii and 176, cloth. 1881. 4s.

LATHE (the) and its Uses ; or. Instruction in the Art of Turning Wood and Metal,
including a description of the most modem appliances for the Ornamentation of
Plain and Curved Surfaces, &c. Fifth Edition. With additional Chapters and
Index. Illustrated. 8vo, pp. iv. and 316, cloth. 1878. 16s.

LE-BRUN.— Materials for Translating from English into French ; being a
short Essay on Translation, followed by a Graduated Selection in Prose and Verse.
By L. Le-Bmn. Fifth Edition. Revised and corrected by Henri Van Laun.
Post 8vo, pp. xiL and 204, doth. 1874. 4s. 6d.

LEE.— Illustrations of the Physiology of Religion. In Sections adapted for
the use of Schools. Part L By Henry Lee, F.R.C.S., formerly Professor of
Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, &c. Crown 8vo, pp. viii. and 108, cloth.
1880. 3s. 6d.

LEES.— A Practical Guide to Health, and to the Home Treatment of the
Common Ailments of Life : With a Section on Cases of Emergency, and Hints
to Mothers on Nursing, &c. By F. Arnold Lees, F.L.S. Crown 8vo, pp. 334,
stiff covers. 1874. 3s.

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LEGOB.— The Chinese Classics. With a Translation, Critical and Exegetical,
Notes, Prolegomena, and copious Indexes. B7 James Legge, D.D., of the Lon-
don Missionary Society. In 7 vols. Boyal 8vo. Vols. L-V. in Eight Farts,
published, cloth. £2, 2s. each Part.

LEOOS.— The Chinese Classics, translated into English. With Preliminary Essays
and Explanatory Notes. Popular Edition. Reproduced for General Readers from
the Author's work, containing the Original Text. By James Legge, D.D. Crown
8vo. Vol. I. The Life and Teachings of Confncius. Third Edition. Pp. vi
and 338, cloth. 1872. lOs. 6d.— VoL IL The Works of Mencius. Pp. x. and 402,
cloth, 128.— Vol. III. The She-King ; or, The Book of Poetry. Pp. Ti and 432,
cloth. 1876. 128.

LEGOB.— Confucianism in Relation' to Chkistianitt. A Paper read before the
Missionary Conference in Shanghai, on May 11th, 1377. By Ber. James Legge,
D.D.,LL.D., &c. 8vo, pp. 12, sewed. 1877. Is. 6d.

LEOOE.— A Letter to Professob Max MOlleb, chiefly on the Translation into
English of the Chinese Terms Tt and Shang Ti, By James Legge, Professor of
the Chinese Language and Literature in the Uniyersity of Oxford. Crown 8yo,
pp. 30, sewed. 1880. Is.

LEIGH.— The Religion of the World. By H. Stone Leigh. 12mo, pp. xii. and
66, cloth. 1869. 2s. 6d.

LEIGH.— The Story op Philosophy. By Aston Leigh. Post 8v6, pp. xii. and
210, cloth. 188L 68.

LELAND.— The Breitmann Ballads. The only authorised Edition. Complete in 1
YoL, including Nineteen Ballads, illustrating his Travels in Europe (neyer before

Srinted), with Comments by Fritz Schwackenhammer. By Charles G. Leland.
rown 8vo, pp. xxviii. and 292, cloth. 1872. 6s.

LELAND.— The Music Lesson of Confucius, and other Poems. By Charles G.
Leland. Fcap. 8vo, pp. viii. and 168, cloth. 1871. 3s. 6d.

LELAKD.— Gaudeamus. Humorous Poems translated from the German of Joseph
Victor Scheffel and others. By Charles G. Leland. 16mo, pp. 176, cloth. 1872.
38. 6d.

LELAND.— The Egyptian Sketch-Book. By C. G. Leland. Crown 8vo, pp. viii
and 316, cloth. 1873. 7s. 6d..

LEULND.— The English Gipsies and their Language. By Charles G. Leland.
Second Edition. Crown 8vo, pp. xvi and 260, cloth. 1874. 7s. 6d.

LELAND.— English Gipsy Songs in Rommany, with Metrical English Translations.
By Charles G. Leland, Professor E. H. Palmer, and Janet Tuckey. Crown 8vo, pp.
xii. and 276, cloth. 1875. 7s. 6d.

LELAND.— Fu-Sang ; or, The Discovery op America by Chinese Buddhist Priests "
in the Fifth Century. By Charles X>. Leland. Crown 8vo, pp. 232, cloth. 1875.
7s. 6d.

LELAND.— Pidgin-English Sino-Song ; or. Songs and Stories in the China-English
Dialect. "With a Vocabulary. By Charles G. Leland. Crown 8vo, pp. viii. and
140, cloth. 1876. 6s.

LEOFARDI.— See English and Foreign Philosophical Library, Vol. XVII.

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LEO.— Four Chapters op North's Plutarch, Containing the lives of Cains Mar-
cins, Coriolanus, Julius Caesar, Marcus Antonius, and Marcu{^ Brutus, as Sources
to Shakespeare's Tragedies; Coriolanus, Julius Caesar, and Antony and Cleo-
patra ; and partly to Hamlet and Timon of Athens. Photolithographed in the
size of the Edition of 1595. With Preface, Notes comparing the Text of the
Editions of 1579, 1595, 1603, and 1612 ; and Reference Notes to the Text of the
Tragedies of Shakespeare. Edited by Professor F. A. Leo, Ph.D., Vice-Presi-
dent of the New Shakespeare Society ; Member of the Directory of the German
Shakespeare Society ; and Lecturer at the Academjr of Modem Philology at Berlin.
Folio, pp. 22, 130 of facsimiles, half -morocco. Library Edition (limited to 250
copies), £1, lis. 6d. ; Amateur Edition (50 copies on a superior large hand-made
paper), £3, 3s.

LERMONTOFF. —The Demon. By Michael Lermontoff. Translated from the
Russian by A. Condie Stephen. Crown 8yo, pp. 88, cloth. 1881. 2s. 6d.

LESLEY.— Man's Origin and Destiny. Sketched from the Platform of the Physical
Sciences. By. J. P. Lesley, Member of the National Academy of the United
States, Professor of Geology, University of Pennsylvania. Second (Revised and
considerably Enlarged) Edition, crown 8vo, pp. viii. and 142, cloth. 1881. 7s. 6d.

LESSINQ.— Letters on Bibliolatrt. By Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. Translated
from the German by the late H. H. Bernard, Ph. D. 8vo, pp. 184, cloth. 1862. 6s.

LESSING.— See English and Foreign Philosophical Library, Extra Series, Vols. I.
and XL

LETTERS ON THE "War between Germany and France. By Mommsen, Strauss,
Max Miiller, and Carlyle. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, pp. 120, cloth. 1871. 2s. 6d.

LEWES.— Problems op Life and Mind. By George Henry Lewes. First Series :
The Foundations of a Creed. Vol. I., demy 8vo. Third edition, pp. 488, cloth,
12s.— Vol. XL, demy 8vo, pp. 552, cloth. 1875. 16s.

LEWES.-7PROBLEMS OP Life and Mind. By George Henry Lewes. Second Series.
The Physical Basis op Mind. 8vo, with Illustrations, pp. 508, cloth. 1877.
16s. Contents. — The Nature of Life ; The Nervous Mechanism ; Animal Auto-
matism; The Reflex Theory.

LEWES.— Problems op Life and Mind. By George Henry Lewes. Third Series,
Problem the First— The Study of Psychology : Xts Object, Scope, and Method*
Demy 8vo, pp. 200, cloth. 1879. 7s. 6d.

LEWES.— Problems op Life and Mind. By George Henry Lewes. Third Series.
Problem the Second— Mind as a Function of the Organism. Problem the Third—
The Sphere of Sense and Logic of Feeling. Problem the Fourth— The Sphere of
Intellect and Logic of Signs. Demy 8vo, pp. x. and 500, cloth. 1879. 15s.

LEWIS.— See Juvenal and Pliny.

LIBRARIANS, TRANSACTIONS AND Proceedings of the Conference op, held in
London, October 1877. Edited by Edward B. Nicholson and Henry R. Tedder.
Imperial Svo, pp. 276, cloth. 1878. £1, 8s.

LIBRARY ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, Transactions and Proceed-
ings of the Annual Meetings of the. Imperial 8vo, cloth. First, held at
Oxford, October 1, 2, 3, 1878. Edited by the Secretaries, Henry R. Tedder,
Librarian of the Athenaeum Club, and Ernest C. Thomas, late Librarian of the
Oxford Union Society. Pp. viii. and 192. 1879. £1, 83.— Second, held at Man-
chester, September 23, 24, and 25, 1879. Edited by H. R. Tedder and E. C.
Thomas. Pp. x. and 184. 1880. £1, Is.— Third, held at Edinburgh, October
5, 6, and 7, 1880. Edited by E. C. Thomas and C. Welsh. Pp. x. and 202.
188L £1, Is.

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LILLIB.— Buddha and Eablt Buddhism. Bj Arthur lillie, late Begimeni of
Lucknow. With numerous Illustrations drawn on Wood by the Author. Post
8to, pp. xiT. and 256, doth. 188U 7s. 6d.

UTTLB FBBKOH READER (The). Extracted from <' The Modem French Beader."
Second Edition. Crown 8vo, pp. 112, cloth. 1872. 2s.

LLOTD AND Nbwton.— Pbussia's Bepbesentatite Man. By F. Lloyd of the
UniTersities of Halle and Athens, and W. Newton, F.B.G.S. Crown 8vo, pp.
648, doth. 1875. 10b. 6d.

L0B8CHBID.— Chinese and English Dictionabt, arranged according to the Badi-
cals. By W. Lobscheid. 1 toI. imperial Syo, pp. 600, cloth. £2, 8s.

L0B8CHEID.— English and Chinese Dictionabt, with the Punti and Mandarin
Pronilnciatlon. By W. Lobscheid. Four Parts. Folio, pp. viii. and 2016, boards.
£8,88.

LONG.— Eastern Pbovebbs. See TrUbner's Oriental Series.

LOVETT.— The Life and Stbuqgles of William Lovett in his pursuit of Bread,
Knowledge, and IVeedom ; with some short account of the different Associations
he belonged to, and of the Opinions he entertained. 8vo, pp. tl and 474, doth.
1876. 5s.

LOVELY. —Whebb to 00 FOB Help: Being a Companion for Quick and Easy
Beference of Police Stations, Fire-Engine Stations, Fire-Escape Stations, &c.,
&c., of London and the Suburbs. Compiled by W. Lovely, B.^*. Second Edi-
tion. 18mo, pp. 16, sewed. 1881. 3d.

LOWELL. —The Biglow Papebs. By James Bussell Lowell. Edited by Thomas
Hughes, Q.C. A Beprint of the Authorised Edition of 1859, together with the
Second Series of 1862. First and Second Series in 1 vol. Fcap., pp. lxyiii-140
and lziT.-190, doth. 1880. 28. 6d.

LUGAS.~The Childben's Pentateuch : With the Hephterahs or Portions from
the Prophets. Arranged for Jewish ChUdren. By Mrs. Henry Lucas. Crown
8yo, pp. viii and 570, cloth. 1878. 5s.

LUDEWIG.-— The Litebatube of Amebican Abobiginal Languages. By Hermann
E. Ludewig. With Additions and Corrections by Professor Wm. W. Turner.
Edited by Nicolas Triibner. 8vo, pp. zxiv. and 258, cloth. 1858. lOs. 6d.

LUEDf .— The Bot Engineebs : What they did, and how they did it. By the Bev.
L. J. Lukin, Author of " The Young Mechanic," &c. A Book for Boys ; 30 En-
gravings. Imperial 16mo, pp. viii. and 344; cloth. 1877. 7s. 6d.

LUX E TENEBRIS ; OB, The Testimony of Consciousness. A Theoretic Essay.
Crown 8yo, pp. 376, with Diagram, cloth. 1874. lOs. 6d.

MAOOORHAO.— The Convebsation of a Soul with God : A Theodicy. By Henry
MacCormac, M.D. 16mo, pp. xvi and 144, cloth. 1877. 3s.. 6d.

MACKAT.— Qaelio Etymology of the English Language. By Charles Mackay,
LL.D. Boyal 8vo, pp. xxxii and 604, cloth. 1878. 42s.

MADDEN.—CoiNS of the Jews. Being a History of the Jewish Coinage and Money
in the Old and New Testaments. By Frederick W. Madden, M.B. A.S. Member
of the Numismatic Society of London, Secretary of the Brighton College. &c., &c
With 279 Woodcuts and a Plate of Alphabets. Boyal_4to, pp. xii and 330, cloth.
188L £^ 2s.

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M ADKTiUNQ.— The Causes and Opebativb Treatment op Ddputtren's Fingeb
Contraction. By Dr. Otto "W. Madelung, Lecturer of Stirgery at the Univer-
sity, and Assistant Surgeon at the Universily Hospital, Bonn. 8yo, pp. 24, sewed.
1876. Is.

Hff AHAPARTNIBBANASUtTA.— See Chuders.

KAHA-VIBA-CHABITA ; or. The Adventures of the Great Hero Bama. An Indian
Drama in Seven Acts. Translated into English Prose from the Sanskrit of
. BhavabhtitL By John Fickford, M.A. Crown Svo, cloth. 5s.

ftALET.— Incidents in the Bioorapht of Dust. By H. P. Malet, Author of
** The Interior of the Earth," &c Crown Svo, pp. 272, cloth. 1877. 6s.

AaLET.—The Beoinninos. By H. P. Malet. Crown Svo, pp. xiz. and 124, cloth.

1878. 4s. 6d.

MALLESON.— EssATB and Lectures on Indian Historical Subjects. By Colonel
G. B. Malleson, C.S.L Second Issue. Crown Svo, pp. 348, cloth. 1876. 5s.

MAHBLEY.— Woman Outside Christendom. An Exposition of the Influence
exerted by Christianity on the Social Position and Happiness of Women. By
J. G. Mandley. Crown Svo, pp. viii and 160, cloth. 1880. 5s.

KANXPULUS YoOABULORUM. A Bhyming Dictionarv of the English Language. By
Peter Levins (1570). Edited, with an Alphabetical Index, by Henry B. Wheatley.
Svo, pp. xvi. and 370, cloth. 1867. 14s.

MANCEUVBBS.— A Betrosfect op the Autumn Man(euvres, 1871. With 5 Plans.
By a Becluse. Svo, pp. xii. and 133, cloth. 1872. 6s.

MARi tfrrc-BBY.— The Monuments op Upper Egypt: a translation of the
'* Itin^raire de la Haute Egsrpte ** of Auguste Mariette-Bey. Translated by
Alphonse Mariette. Crown Svo, pp. xvi. and 262, cloth. 1877. 7s. 6d.

Iff ARKHAH—QuiCHUA Grammar and Dictionary. Contributions towards a
Grammar and Dictionary of Quichua, the Language of the Yncas of Peru. Col-
lected by Clements B. Markham, F.S.A. Crown Svo, pp. 223, doth. £1, lis. 6d.

UABEHAM. — Ollanta : A Drama in the Quichua Language. Text, Translation,
and Introduction. By Clements B. Markham, C.B. Crown Svo, pp. 128, cloth.
1871. 7s. 6d.

MARKHAM.— A Memoir op the Ladt Ana de Osorio, Countess of Chincon. and
Vice-Queen of Peru, a.d. 1629-39. With a Plea for the correct spelling of the
Cinchona Genus. By Clements B. Markham, C.B., Member of the Imperial Aca-
demy Natune Curiosorum, with the Cognomen of Chinchon. Small 4to, pp. xii and
100. With 2 Coloured Plates, Map, and Illustrations. Handsomely bound.
1874. 28s.

MARKHAM. -—A Memoir on the Indian Surveys. By Clements K. Markham,
C.B., F.B.S., &c., &c. Published by Order of H. M. Secretary of State for India
in Council. Illustrated with Maps. Second Edition. Imperial Svo, pp. xxx.
and 481, boards. 1878. 10s. 6d.

MARKHAM.— Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle to Tibet, and of the
Journey of Thomas Manning to Lhasa. Edited with Notes, an Introduction, and
Lives of Mr. Bogle and Mr. Manning. By Clements K. Markham, C.B., F.B.S.
Second Edition. Svo, pp. clxv. and 362, cloth. With Maps and Illustrations.

1879. 21s.

XABMONTEL.~Belisaire. Par Marmontel. Nouvelle Edition. 12mo, pp. xii.
and 123, cloth. 1867. 28. 6d.

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HARTIN AND Tbubner,— The Current Gold and Silver Coins op all Countries,
their "Weight and Finenesg, and their Intrinsic Value in English Money, -with
Facsimiles of the Coins. By Leopold C. Martin, of Her Mstjestj's Stationerj
OfiBce, and Charles Triibner. In 1 yoL medium 8vo, 141 Plates, printed in Geld
and Silver, and representing about 1000 Coins, with 160 paj^s of Text, hand-
somely bound in embossed cloth, richly gilt, with Emblematical Designs on the
Corer, and gUt edges. 1863. £2, 2s.

MARTIN.— The Chinese : their Education, Philosophy, and Letters. By W,
A. P. Martin, D.D., LL.D., President of the Tungwen College, Pekin. Svo. pp*
320, cloth. 1881. 78. 6d.

HARTIMEAU.— EssATS, Philosophical and Theological. By James Martineaue
2 vols, crown 8vo, pp. iv. and 414— x. and 430, doth. 1875. £1, 48.

MARTINEAU.— Letters prom Ireland. By Harriet Martineau. Reprinted from
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MAXWELL.— A Manual op the Malay Language. By "W. E. Maxwell, of the
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MATER.— On the Art op Pottery : with a History of its Rise and Progress in
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MATERS.— Treaties Between the Empire op China and Foreign Powers,
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MATERS.— The Chinese Government : a Manual of Chinese Titles, categorically
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M'CRINDLE.— Ancient India, as Described by Megasthenes and Arrian;
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M'CRINDLE.- The Commerce and Navigation op the Erythrjean Sea. Being
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MECHANIC (The Young). A Book for Boys, containing Directions for the use of
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BIEDITATIONS on Death and Eternitt. Translated from the German by Frederica
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MEDITATIONS ON Life and its Religious Duties. Translated from the German
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MUHABIMED.— The Life of Muhammed. Based on Muhammed Ibn Ishak. By
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MUIR.— Original Sanskbit Texts, on the Origin and History of the People of
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MITLLET. — German Gems in an English Setting. Translated by Jane Mulley.
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NiCGlNANDA ; OR, The Joy of the Snake World. A Buddhist Drama in Five
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NARADtTA DHABMA-8 ASTRA ; OB, Thb Institutes of Nabada. Translated, for
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NEWMAN.— A Handbook op Modern Arabic, consisting of a Practical Grammar,
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NEWMAN.— A Dictionary of Modern Arabic. 1. Anglo- Arabic Dictionary. 2.
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NEWMAN.— Hebrew Theism. By F. W. Newman. Eoyal 8vo, pp. viii and 172.
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MEWMAN. —Religion not EListobt. By F. "W. Newman. Foolscap, pp. 58, paper
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NEWMAN.— MoENiNG Praters in the Household op a Believer in God. By F.
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NEWMAN.— Reorganization op English Institutions. A Lecture by Emeritus
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NEWMAN.— What is Christianity without Christ? By F. W. Newman,
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OTSTER (The) : Where, How, and When to Find, Breed, Cook, and Eat It.
Second Edition, with a New Chapter, " The Oyster-Seeker in London.'' 12mo,
pp. viii. and 106, hoards. 1863. Is.

PALESTINE.— Memoirs op the Survey op Western Palestine. Edited by W.
Besant, M.A., and E. H. Palmer, M.A., under the Direction of the Committee
of the Palestine Exploration Fund. Complete in seven volumes. Demy 4to,
cloth, with a Portfolio of Plans, and large scale Map. Second Issue. Price
Twenty Guineas.

PALMER.— Leaves prom a Word-Hunter's Note-Book. Being some Contribu-
tions to English Etymology. By the Rev. A. Smythe Palmer, B.A., sometime
Scholar in the University of Dublin. Crown Svo, pp. xii. and 316, cl. 1876. 7s. 6d.

PALMER.— A Concise Dictionary op the Persian Lanouaob. By E. H. Palmer,
M.A., of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law, Lord Almoner's Reader, and Pro-
fessor of Arabic, and Fellow of St John's College in the University of Cambridge.
Square royal 32mo, pp. 726, cloth. 1876. 10s. 6d.

PALMER.— The Song op the Reed, and other Pieces. By K H. Palmer, M.A.,
Cambridge. Crown 8vo, pp. 20S, cloth. 1876. 58.

PALMER.— Hapiz. See Trubner's Oriental Series.

PALMER.— The Patriarch and the Tsar. Translated from the Russ by William
Palmer, M.A. Demy 8vo, cloth. VoL I. The Replies op the Humble Nicon.
Pp. xl. and 674. 1871. 128.— VoL II. Testimonies concerning the Patriarch
Nicon, the Tsar, and the Boyars. Pp. Ixxviii. and 664. 1873. 128.— Vol. III.
History op the Condemnation op the Patriarch Nicon. Pp. IxvL and 658.
1873. 128.— Vols. IV., v., and VI. Services op the Patriarch Nicon to the
Church and State op his Country, &c. Pp. IxxviiL and I to 660: xiv.-661-
102d, and 1 to 264 ; xxvi.-1029-1666, and 1-72. 1876. 368.

PARKER- Theodore Parker*s Celebrated Discourse on Matters Pertaining
to Religion. People's Edition. Crown Svo, pp. 35L 1872. Stitched, Is. 6d. ;-
cloth, 28.

PAREBR.— Theodore Parker. A Biography. By O. B. Frothingham. Crown
Svo, pp. viiL and 688, cloth, with Portrait. 1876. 128.

PARKER.— The Collected Works op Theodore Parker, Minister of the Twenty-
eighth Congregational Society at Boston, U.S. Containing his Theological,
Polemical, ana Critical Writings ; Sermons, Speeches, aud Addresses ; and
Literary Miscellanies. In 14 vols. Svo, cloth. 68. each.

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PARKER. —Collected Works— conrtnwrf.

Vol. L Discourse on Matters Pertaining to Beligion. Preface by the Editor,

and Portrait of Parker from a medallion by Saulini. Pp. 380.
Vol. II. Ten Sermons and Prayers. Pp. 360.
Vol. III. Discourses of Theology. Pp. 318.
Vol. IV. Discourses on Politics. Pp. 312.
Vol V. Discourses of Slavery. I. Pp. 336.
Vol. VI. Discourses of Slavery. II. Pp. 323.
VoL VIL Discourses of Social Science. Pp. 296.
VoL VIII. Miscellaneous Discourses. Pp. 230.
Vol. IX. CMtical Writings. ' L Pp. 292.
Vol. X. Critical Writings. II. Pp. 308.

Vol. XI. Sermons of Theism, Atheism, and Popular Theology. Pp. 257.
Vol. XII. Autobiographical and Miscellaneous Pieces. Pp. 356.
Vol. XIII. Historic Americans. Pp. 236.

Vol. XIV. Lessons from the World of Matter and the World of Man. Pp.
352.

PATERSON.^NoTEs on Military Sdrveting and Reconnaissance. By Major
William Paterson. Fifth Edition. With 16 Plates. Demy 8vo, pp. xvi. and
142, cloth. 1881. 7s. 6d.

PATERSON.— Treatise on Military Drawing. With a Course of Progressive
Plates. By Captain W, Paterson, Professor of Military Drawing at the Royal
Military College, Sandhurst. Oblong 4tb, pp. xii. and 31, cloth. 1862. £1, Is.

PATERSON.— The Orometer for Hill Measuring, combining Scales of Distances,
Protractor, Clinometer, Scale of Horizontal Equivalents, Scale of Shade, and
Taible of Gradients. By Captain William Paterson. On cardboard. Is.

PATERSON.— Central America. By W. Paterson, the Merchant Statesman.
From a MS. in the British Museum, 1701. With a Map. Edited bv S. Bannis-
ter, M.A. 8vo, pp. 70, sewed. 1857. 2s. 6d.

PATON.— A History op the Egyptian REvr'LUfiON, from the Period of the Mame-
lukes to the Death of Mohammed Ali ; from Arab and European Memoirs, Oral
Tradition, and Local Research. By A. A. Paton. Second Edition. 2 vols, demy
8vo, pp. xii and 395, viii. and 446, cloth. 1870. 168.

PATON.— Henry Beyle (otherwise De Stendahl). A Critical and Biographical
Study, aided by Original Documents and Unpublished Letters from the Private
Papers of the Family of Beyle. By A. A. raton. Crown 8vo, pp. 340, cloth.
1874. 78. 6d.

PATTON.— The Death op Death; or, A Study of* God's Holiness in Connection
with the Existence of Evil, in so far as Intelligent and Responsible Beings are
Concerned. By an Orthodox Layman (John M. Patton). Revised Edition, crown
8vo, pp. xvi. and 252, cloth. 1881. 6s.

PAULI.--SIM0N DE Montfort, Earl op Leicester, the Creator of the House of
Commons. By Reinhold Pauli. Translated by Una M. Goodwin. With Intro-
duction by Harriet Martineau. Crown 8vo, pp. xvi. and 340, cloth. 1876. 68.

PETTENKOFER.— The Eelation op the Air to the Clothes we wear, the House
WE live in, and the Soil we dwell on. Three Popular Lectures deliyered before
the Albert Society at Dresden. By Dr. Max Von Pettenkofer, Professor of Hygiene
at the University of Munich, &c. Abridged and Translated by Augustus Hess,
M.D., M.R.C.P., London, &c. Cr. 8vo, pp. viii. and 96, limp cL 1873. 2s. 6d.

PETRUCCELLI.— Preliminairbs de la Question Romaine de M. Ed. About. Par
F. Petruccelli de la Gattina. 8vo, pp. xv. and 354, cloth. 1860. 7s. 6d.

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PEZZL—Artan Philoloot, according to the most recent researches (Glottologia
Aria Recentissima). Remarks Historical and Critical. By Domenico Pezzi.
Translated by E. S. Roberts, M. A. Crown 8vo, pp. xvi and 200, cloth. 1879. Cs.

PHILLIPS. —The Doctrine of Addai, the Apostle, now first edited in a com-
plete form in the Original Syriac, with English Translation and Notes. By
George Phillips, D.D., President of Queen's College, Cambridge. 8vo, pp. xv.
and 52 and 53, cloth. 1876. 7s. 6d.

PHILOLOOIGAL SOCIETY, Transactions op, published irregularly. List of publi-
cations on application.

PHILOSOPHT (The) of Inspiration and Revelation. By a Layman. "With a
preliminary notice of an Essay by the present Lord Bishop of Winchester, con-
tained in a volume entitled ** Aids to Faith." 8vo, pp. 20, sewed. 1875. 6d.

PIOCIOTTO.— Sketches of Anolo- Jewish History. By James Picciotto. Demy
8vo, pp. xi. and 420, cloth. 1875. 12s.

PIESSE. —Chemistry in the BrewiNO-Room : being the substance of a Course of
Lessons to Practical Brewers. With Tables of Alcohol, Extract, and Original
Gravity. By Charles H. Piesse, F.C.S., Public Analyst. Fcap., pp. viii. and 62,
cloth. 1877. 5s.

PIRY.— Lb Saint Edit, Etddb de Litterature Chinoise. Pr^par^e par A.
Tli^ophile Piry, du Service des Douanes Maritimes de Chine. 4to, pp. xx. and
320, cloth. 1879. 21s.

PLAYFAIB.— The Cities and Towns of China. A Geographical Dictionary.
By G. M. H. Playfair, of Her Majesty's Consular Service in China. 8vo, pp.
506, cloth. 1879. £1, 5s.

PLINY.— The Letters of Pliny the Younoer. Translated by J. D. Lewis, M. A.,
Trinity College, Cambridge. Post 8vo, pp. vii. and 390, cloth. 1879. 5s.

PLUMPTRE.— Kino's College Lectures on Elocution ; on the Physiology and
Culture of Voice and Speech and the Expression of the Emotions by Language,
Countenance, and Gesture. To which is added a Special Lecture on the Causes
and Cure of the Impediments of Speech. Being the substance of the Introduc-
tory Course of Lectures annually delivered by Charles John Plumptre, Lecturer
on Public Reading and Speaking at King's College, London, in the Evening
Classes Department. Dedicated by permission to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales.
New and greatly Enlarged Illustrated Edition. Post 8vo, pp. xvi. and 488, cloth.
1880. 15s.

PLUMPTRE.— General Sketch op the History of Pantheism. By C. E.
Plumptre. Vol. I., from the Earliest Times to the Age of Spinoza; Vol. II.,
from the Age of Spinoza to the Commencement of the 19th Century. 2 vols
demy 8vo, pp. viii and 395 ; iv. and 348, cloth. 1881. 18s.

POLB.— The Philosophy op Music. See English and Foreign Philosophical Library.
Vol XL

PONSARD.— Charlotte Corday. A Tragedy. By F. Ponsard. Edited, with Eng-
lish Notes and Notice on Ponsard, by Professor C. Cassal, LL.D. 12mo, pp. xi.
and 133, cloth. 1867. 2s. 6d.

PONSARD.— L'HONNEUR BT L' Argent. A Comedy. By Francois Ponsard. Edited,
wifch English Notes and Memoir of Ponsard, by Professor C. Cassal, LL.D. Fcap.
8vo, pp. xvi. and 172, cloth. 1869. 38. 6d.

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PKAOnOAL GUIDES :—

Fbanoi, Bbloium, Holland, and the Rhine. Ig.— Italian Lakes. Is.— Wnr-
TEEiNO Places of the South. 2i.— Switzerland, Savoy, and North Italy.
2i. 6d.—GKNERAL Continental Guide. 5s.— Geneva. Is.- Paris. Is.— Ber-
nese Oberland. Is.— Italy. 4s.

PBATt!— A Grammar and Dictionary of the Samoan Lanouaok By Rev.
George Pratt, Forty Tears a Missionary of the London Missionary Society in
Samoa. Second Edition. Edited by Bev. S. J. Whitmee, F.B.G.S. Crown
8vo, pp. viii and 380, cloth. 1878. 18s.

QUnfET.— The Religious Revolution of the Nineteenth Century. From the
French of Edgar Quinet. Fcap. 8vo, pp. xL and 70, parchment. 18SL Is. 6d.

QUIMBT.— Edgar Quinet. See English and Foreign Philosophical Library, YoL XIY.

RAM BAZ.— Essay on the Architbcture of the Hindus. By Ram Bar, Native
Judge and Magistrate of Bangalore, Corr. Mem. R.A.S. With 48 Plates. 4to,
pp. xiv. and 64, sewed. 1834. £2, 28.

RAMSAT.— Tabular List of all the Austrauan Birds at present known to
the Author, showing the distribution of the species. By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S.,
&c., Curator of the Australian Museum, Sydney. 8vo, pp. 36, and Map ; boards.
1878. 58.

RAND, M*NALLY, ft CO.'S Business Atlas of the United States, Canada, and
West Indian Islands. With a Complete Reference Map of the World, Ready
Reference Index, &c., of all Post Offices, Railroad Stations, and Yillages in the
United States and Canada. With Official Census. 4to, pp. 212, cloth. 188L
£2, 12s. 6d.

BABK.— Grammar of the Anglo-Saxon Tongue, from the Danish of Erasmm
Rask. By Benjamin Thorpe. Third Edition, corrected and improved, with
Plate. Post 8vo, pp. vi. and 192, cloth. 1879. 5s. 6d.

BASK.— A Short Tractate on the Lons^evity ascribed to the Patriarchs in the
Book of Genesis, and its relation to the Hebrew Chronolo^; the Flood, the
Exodus of the Israelites, the Site of Eden, &c. From the Danish of the late
Professor Rask, with his manuscript corrections, and large additions from hii
autograph, now for the first time printed. With a Map of Paradise and the
circumjacent Lands. Crown 8vo, pp. 134, doth. 1863. 2s. 6d.

RATtON.— A Handrook of Common Salt. By J. J. L. Ratton, M.D., M.C.,
Surgeon, Madras Army. 8vo, pp. xviiL and 282, cloth. 1879.* 7s. 6d.

RAVENSTEIM.— The Russians on the Amur ; its Discovery, Conquest, and Colo-
nization, with a Description of the Country, its Inhabitants, I^oductions, and
Commercial Capabilities, and Personal Accounts of Russian Travellers. By £. 0.
Ravenstein, F.R.G.S. With 4 tinted Lithographs and 3 Maps. 8vo, pp. 500,
cloth. 186L 15s.

RAVENSTEIM AMD HULLET.— The Gtmnasium and its FnTiNOS. By £. G.
Ravenstein and John Hulley. With 14 Plates of Illustrations. 8vo, pp. 32,
sewed. 1867. 2s. 6d.

RAVEMSTEIM.— On Phtsioal Education : with special reference to our Elemea*
tary Schools. Prize Essay. By E. G. Ravenstein, F.S.S., F.R.G.S., &c. Crown
8vo, pp. 20, sewed. 1874. 6d.

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RAVEETY.— Notes on Afghanistan and Part of Baluchistan, Geographical,
Ethnographical, and Historical, extracted from the Writings of little known
Afghan, and Tajyik Historians, &c., &c., and from Personal Observation. By
Major H. G. Raverty, Bombay Native Infantry (Retired). Foolscap folio. Sec-
tions I. and II., pp. 98, wrapper. 1880. 28. Section III., pp. vi. and 218.

1881. 5s.

RBADE.— The Mabtyrdom of Man. By Winwood Reade. Fifth Edition.
Crown 8vo, pp. viii and 544, cloth. 1881. 7s. 6d.

RECORD OFFICE.— A Separate Catalogue of the Official Publications of
TEDS Public Record Office, on sale by Triibner k Co., may be had on application.

RECORDS OF THE HEART. By Stella, Author of "Sappho," **The King's
Stratagem," &c. Second English Edition. Crown 8vo, pp. xvi. and 188, with
six steel-plate engravings, cloth. 1881. 3s. 6d.

REDHOUSE.— Tub Turkish Yade-Mecuh of Ottoman Colloquial L^vnguage:
Containing a Concise Ottoman Grammar; a Carefully Selected Vocabulary
Alphabetically Arranged, in two Parts, English and Tiurkish, and Turkish and
English ; Also a few Familiar Dialogues and Naval and Military Terms. The
whole in English Characters, the Pronunciation being fully indicated. By J.
W. Redhouse, M.R.A.S. Third Edition. 32mo, pp. viii. and 372, cloth.

1882. 6s.

REDHOUSE.— On the History, System, and Varieties of Turkish Poetry.
Illustrated by Selections in the Original and in English Paraphrase, with a Notice
of the Islamic Doctrine of the Immortality of Woman's Soul in the Future State.
By J. W. Redhouse, Esq., M.R.A.S. 8vo, pp. 62, cloth, 28. 6d.; wrapper. Is. 6d.
1879.

REDHOUSE.— The MesnevL See Tnibner's Oriental Series.

RBEMEUN.— A CRITICAL REVIEW of American Politics. By C. Reemelin, of
Cincinnati, Ohio. Demy 8vo, pp. xziv. and 630, cloth. 1881. 14s.

RENAM.— An Essay on the Age and Antiquity of the Book of Nabatha^n
Agriculture. To which is added an Inaugural Lecture on the Position of the
Shemitic Nations in the History of Civilisation. By Ernest Renan. Crown 8vo,
pp. xvL and 148, cloth. 1862. 3s. 6d.

RENAN.— The Life OF Jesus. By Ernest Renan. Authorised English Translation.
Crown 8vo, pp. xii and 312, cloth. 2s. 6d. ; sewed. Is. 6d.

RENAN.— The Apostles. By Ernest Renan. Translated from the original French.
8vo, pp. viiL and 288, cloth. 1869. 7s. 6d.

REPORT OF A General Conference of Liberal Thinkers, for the discussion
of matters pertaining to the religious needs of our time, and the methods of
meeting them. Held June 13th and 14th, 1878, at South Place Chapel, Finsbury,
London. 8vo, pp. 77, sewed. 1878. Is.

RHODES.— Universal Curve Tables for Facilitating the Laying out of
Circular Arcs on the Ground for Railways, Canals, Ac. Together with
Table of Tangential Angles and Multiples. By Alexander Rhodes, C.E. Oblong
18mo, band, pp. ix. and 104, roan. 1881. 58.

RHTS.— Lectures on Welsh Philology. By John Rhys, M.A., Professor of
Celtic at Oxford, Honorary Fellow of Jesus College, &c., &c. Second Edition,
Revised apd EnUrged. Crown 8vo, pp. xiv. and 467, cloth. 1879. 15s.

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BIOB.— Mtborb and Cooeo. A Gazetteer compiled for the Government of India.
By Lewis Kice, Director of Public Instruction, Mysore and Goorg. Vol. I.
Mysore in General. With 2 Coloured Maps. VoL IL Mysore, by Districts.
With 10 Coloured Maps. Vol. III. Coorg. With a Map. 3 vols, royal 8to,
pp. xii. 670 and xvi. ; 544 and xxii. ; and 4^ and xxvii., cloth. 1878. 25s.

BICE.— BItsobe Insoriftions. Translated for the Government by Lewis Rice.
8vo, pp. xcii. and 336--xxx., with a Frontispiece and Map, boards. 1879. dOs.

BIDLET.— KiCMiLABdi, and otheb Australian Languages. By the Bev. William
Bidle^, B.A. Second Edition, revised and enlarged by the author; with com-
parative Tables of Words from twenty Australian Languages, and Songs, Tradi-
tions, Iaws, and Customs of the Australian Bace. Small 4to, pp. vi. and 172, cloth.
1877. 10s. 6d.

lUO-VEDA-SANHITA. A Collection of Ancient Hindu Hymns. Constituting the 1st
to the 8th Ashtakas, or Books of the Rig- Veda ; the oldest authority for the Reli-
gious and Social Institutions of the Hindus. Translated from the Original San-
skrit. By the late H. H. Wilson, M.A., F.B.S., &c., &c.
Vol. I. 8to, pp. lit and 348, cloth. 21s.
VoL II. 8vo, pp. XXX. and 346, cloth. 1854. 21s.
Vol. IIL 8vo, pp. xxiv. and 526, cloth. 1857. 218.
Vol. IV. Edited by E. B. Cowell, M.A. 8vo, pp. 214, cloth. 1866. 14s.
Vols. V. and VI. in the Press.

BILET.— MEDI.EVAL Chronicles op the Citt op London. Chronicles of the Mayors
and Sheriffs of London, and the Events which happened in their Days, from the
Tear A.D. 1188 to a.d. 1274. Translated from the original Latin of the **Liber
de Antiquis Legibus '* (published by the Camden Society), in the possession of the
Corporation of the City of London ; attributed to Arnold Fitz-Thedmar, Alder-
man of London in the Beign of Henry III.— Chronicles of London, and of the
Marvels therein, between the Years 44 Henry III., A.D. 1260, and 17 Edward IIL,
A.D. 1343. Translated from the original Anglo-Norman of the "Croniquesde
London,*' preserved in the Cottouian Collection (Cleopatra A. iv.) in the JBiitish
Museum. Translated, with copious Notes and Appendices, b^ Henry Thomas
Biley, M.A., Clare Hall, Cambridge, Barrister-at-Law. 4to, pp. xii. and 319, cloth.
1863. 12s.

BIOLA. —How TO Learn Russian : a Manual for Students of Bussian, based upon
the GUendorffian System of Teaching Languages, and adapted for Self-Instruc-
tion. By Henry Riola, Teacher of the Russian Language. With a Preface by
W.R.S. Ralston, M. A. Crown 8vo, pp. 576, cloth. 1878. 12s.
Ejsy to the above. Crown 8vo, pp. 126, cloth. 1878. 5s.

BIOLA — A Graduated Russian Reader, with a Vocabulary of all the Bussian
Words contained in it. By Henry Biola, Author of " How to Learn Bussian.**
Crown 8vo, pp. viii and 314, cloth. 1879. 10s. 6d.

BIPLE7.— Sacred Bhetorio ; or. Composition and Delivery of Sermons. By
Henry I. Bipley. 12mo, pp. 234, cloth. 1858. 2s. 6d.

ROCHE.— A French Grammar, for the use of English Students, adopted for the
Public Schools by the Imperial Council of Public Instruction. By A. Boche.
Crown 8vo, pp. xii. and 176, cloth. 1869. 3s.

ROCHB.— Prose and Poetry. Select Pieces from the best English Authors, fw
Beading, Composition, and Translation. By A. Boche. Second Edition. Fcap.
8vo, pp. viii. and 226, cloth. 1872. 2s. 6d.

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BODD.— The Birds op Cornwall and the Scillt Islands. By the late Edward
Hearle Rodd. Edited, with an Introduction, Appendix, and Memoir, by J. £.
Harting. 8vo, pp. IvL and 320, with Portrait and Map, cloth. 1880. 148.

BOGEBS.— The Waverlet Dictionary: An Alphabetical Armngeraetit of all the
Characters in Sir Walter Scott's "Waverley Novels, with a Descriptive Analysis
of each Character, and Illustrative Selections from the Text. By May Rogers.
12mo, pp. 358, cloth. 1879. 10s.

BOSS.— Alphabetical Manual op Blowpipe Axaltsts; showing all known
Methods, Old and New. Bv Lieut. -Colonel W. A. Ross, late R.A., Member of
the German Chemical Society (Author of "Pyrology, or Fire Chemistry'*).
Crown 8vo, pp. xii. and 148, cloth. 1880. 3s. 6d.

BOSS.— Pyrologt, on Fire Chemistry j a Science interesting to the General Philo-
sopher, and an Art of infinite importance to the Chemist, Metallurgist, Engineer,
&c., &c. By W. A. Ross, lately a Major in the Itoyal Artillery. Small 4to, pp.
xxviii. and 346, cloth. 1875. 36s.

BOSS.— Celebrities op the Yorkshire Wolds. By Frederick Ross, Fellow of the
Royal Historical Society. 12mo, pp. 202, cloth. 1878. 4s.

BOSS.— CoREAN Primer : being Lessons in Corean on all Ordinary Subjects. Trans-
literated on the principles of the ** Mandarin Primer," by the same author. By
Rev. John Ross, Newchwang. 8vo, pp. 90, wrapper. 1877. 10s.

BOSS.— Honour or Shame? By R. S. Ross. 8vo, pp. 183. 1878. Cloth. 3s. 6d ;
paper, 2s. 6d.

BOSS.— Removal op the Indian Troops to Malta. By R. S. Ross. 8vo, pp. 77,
paper. 187a Is. 6d.

ROSS— The Monk op St. Gall. A Dramatic Adaptation of Scheffel's **Ekke-
hard." By R. S. Ross.. Crown 8vo, pp. xu. and 218. 1879. Ss.

BOUGH Notes op Journeys made in the years 1868-1873 in Syria, down the Tigris,
India, Kashmir, Ceylon, Japan, Mongolia, Siberia, the United States, the Sand-
wich Islands, and Australasia. Demy 8vo, pp. 624, cloth. 1876. 148.

ROUSTAING.— The Four Gospels Explained by their Writers. With an
Appendix on the Ten Commandments. Edited by J. B. Roustaing. Translated
by W. E. Kirby. 3 vols, crown 8vo, pp. 440-456-304, cloth. 1881. 15s.

BOUTLEDOE.— English Rule and Native Opinion in India. From Notes taken
in 1870-74. By James Routledge; 8vo, pp. x. and 338, cloth. 1878. 10s. 6d.

ROWLEY.— Ornithological Miscellany. By George Rowley Dawson, M. A., F.Z.S.
Vol. I. Part 1, 15s.— Part 2, 208.— Part 3, 15s.— Part 4, 20s.
Vol IT. Part 5, 20s.— Part 6, 203.— Part 7, 10s. 6d.— Part 8, 10s. 6d.— Part 9,
10s. 6d. -Part 10, 10s. 6d.
Vol. III. Part 11, lOs. 6d.— P;.rt 12, lOs. 6d.— Part 13, lOs. 6d.--Part 14, 20s.

BOTAL S0CIET7 OF LONDON (The).— Catalogue op Scibntipic Papers (1800-
1863), Compiled and Published by the Royal Society of London. Demy 4to,
cloth, per vol. £1 ; in half-morocco, £1, 8s. Vol. I. (1867), A to Clueel. pp.
Ixxix. and 960; Vol. II. (1863), Coaklay— Graydon. pp. iv. and 1012; Vol
IIL (1869), GreAtheed-Leze. pp. v. and 1002 ; Vol. IV. (1870), L'H^ritier de
Brutille— Pozzetti. pp. iv. and 1006 ; VoL V. (1871), Praag— Tizzani. pp. iv,
and 1000 ; Vol. VI. (1872), Tkalec— Zylius, Anonymous and Additions, pp. xi.
and 763. Continuation of above (1864-1873) ; Vol. VII. (1877), A to Hyrtl. pp.
xxxi. and 1047 ; Vol. VIII. (1879), Ibafiez-Zwicky. pp. 1310. A List of the
Publications of the Royal Society (Separate Papers from the Philosophical
Transactions), on application.

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RUNDALL.— A SHORT AND East Wat to Write English as Spoken. Method*
Rapide et Facile d*Eciire le Franfais comme on le Parle. Korze und Leichte
Weise Dentsoh za Schreiben wie man e« Spricht. By J. B. Kundall, Certificated
Member of the London Shorthand Writen Association. 6d. each.

RUTHERFORD.— The Autobioorapht of Mark Rutherford, Dissenting Minister.
£dite<l by his friend, Reaben Shapcott. Crown 8\ro, pp. xii. and 180, boards.
1881. 5s.

fliMAVIDHiHABR&HlIANA (The) (being the Third Brihmana) of the S&ma Veda.
Edited, together with the Commentary of S4yana, an English Translation, Intro-
duction, and Index of Words, by A. C. Bamell. VoL L Text and Commentary,
with Introduction. Demy 8\ro, pp. xxxviii. and 104, doth. 1873. 12s. 6d.

SAMUELSON.— History of Drink. A Review, Social, Scientific, and PoliticaL By
James Samuelson, of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law. Second Edition.
8vo, pp. xxTiii and 288, doth. 1880. 6s.

SAND.— MoliArb. a Drama in Prose. By George Sand. Edited, with Notes, by
Th. Karcher, LL.a 12mo, pp. xx. and 170, cloth. 1868. 3s. 6d.

SARTORIUS.— Mexico. Landscapes and Popular Sketches. By C. Sartorins.
Edited by Dr. Gaspey. With Engravings, from Sketches by M. Rugendas. 4to,
pp. vi. and 202, cl(»th gilt. 1859. 18s.

SATOW.^An Enoush Japanese Dictionart of the Spoken Language. By
Ernest Mason Satow, Japanese Secretaiy to H.M. Legation at Yedo, and Ishibashi
Masakata of the Imperial Japanese Foreign Office. Second Edition. Imperial
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SAVAGE.— The Morals of Evolution. Bv M. J. Savage, Author of *' The Reli-
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SCOTT.— The English Life of Jesus. By Thomas Scott. Crown 8vo, pp. zxviii.
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STB ANOB. —The Bible ; is if The Word of God " ? By Thomas Lumisden Strange.
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the Conqueror of Valerian, was a professing Christian. By Edward Thomas.
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THOMAS.— The Chronicles op the Pathan Kings of Dehli. Illustrated by
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THOMAS.- The Revenue Resources of the Mughal Empire in India, from
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THOMAS.— The Theory and Practice of Creole Grammar. By J. J. Thomas.
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THOMAS.— Records of the Gupta Dynasty. Illustrated by Inscriptions, Written
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THOMSON.— Evolution and Involution. By George Thomson, Author of " The
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THOMSON.— Institutes of the Laws of Ceylon. By Henrv Byerley Thomson,
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THORPE.- Diplomatarium Anglicum My\ Saxonici. A Collection of Endish
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TOSCANI.— Italian Beading Course. By G. Toscani. Fcap. 8vo, pp. xii. and
160. With table. Cloth. 1875. 4s. 6d.

TOULON.— Its Advantages as a Winter Residence for Invalids and Others.
By an English Resident. The proceeds of this pamphlet to be devoted to the
English Church at Toulon. Crown 8vo, pp. 8, sewed. 1873. 6d.

TRDttEN.— South- African Butterflies ; a Monograph ["of the Extra-Tropical
Species. By Roland Trimen, F.L.S., F.Z.S., M.E.S., Curator of the South
African Museum, Cape Town. Boyal 8vo. {In preparation,

Ti&OisNER'S American, European, and Oriental Literary Record. A Register
of the most Important Works published in America, India, China, and the British
Colonies. With Occasional Notes on German, Dutch, Danish, French, Italian,
Spanish, Portuguese, and Russian Literature. The object of the Publishers in
issuing this publication is to give a full and particular account of every publica-
tion of importance issued in America and the East. Small 4to, 6d. per number.
Subscription, Ss. per volume.

TRUBNER.— Trubner's Bibliographical Guide to American Literature :
A Classed List of Books published in the United States of America, from 1817
to 1867. With Bibliographical Introduction, Notes, and Alphabetical Index.
Compiled and Edited by Nicolas Triibner. In 1 vol. 8vo, half bound, pp. 760.
1869. 188.

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Post 8vo, cloth, uniformly bound.
Essays on the Sacred Language, Wbitinos, and Religion of
THE Pabsis. By Martin Haug, Ph,D., late Professor of Sanskrit and
Comparative Philology at the University of Munich. Second Eklition.
Edited by E. W. West, Ph.D. Pp. xvi. and 428. 1878. IBs.

Texts from the Buddhist Canon, commonly known as Dhamma-
phda. With Accompanying Narratives. Translated from the Chinese
oy S. Beal, B.A., Trinity College, Cambridge, Professor of Chinese, Uni-
versity College, London. Pp. viiL and 176. 1878. 7s. 6d.

The History of Indian Literature. By Albrecht Weber. Trans-
lated from the German by John Mann, M.A., and Dr. Theodor Zacha-
riae, with the Author*s sanction and assistance. Pp. 368, 1878. 18b.

A Sketch of the Modern Languages of the East Indies. Accom-
panied by Two Language Maps, Classified List of Languages and
Dialects, and a List of Authorities for each Language. By Kobert Cnst,
late of H.M.I.C.S., and Hon. Librarian of R.A.S. Pp. zii. and 198.
1878. 12s.

The Birth of the War-God: A Poem. By K41ida8&. Translated
from the Sanskrit into English Verse, by Ralph T. H. Griffiths, M.A.,
Principal of Benares College. Second Edition. Pp. xiLandll6. 1879. 58.

A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and History, Geo-
graphy AND Literature. By John Dowson, M.R.A.S., late Professor
in the StafiE College. Pp.432. 1879. 16s.

Metrical Translations from Sanskrit Writers ; with an Introduc-
tion, many Prose Versions, and Parallel Passages from Classical
Authors. By J. Muir, C.E.I., D.C.L., &c Pp. xUv.-376. 1879. 14b.

Modern India and the Indians : being a Series of Impressions, Notes,
and Essays. By Monier Williams, D. C. L. , Hon. LL. D. of the University
of Calcutta, Boden Professor of Sanskrit in the University of Oxford.
Third Edition, revised and augmented by considerable additions. Witii
Illustrations and Map, pp. vii. and 368. 1879. 14s.

The Life or Legend of Gaudama, the Buddha of the Burmese. With
Annotations, the Ways to Neibban, and Notice on the Phongyies, or
Burmese Monks. By the Right Rev. P. Bigandet, Bishop of Ramatha,
Vicar Apostolic of Ava and Pegu. Third Edition. 2 vols. Pp. xz.-d68
and viii.-326. 1880. 21s.

Miscellaneous Essays, relating to Indian Subjects. By B. H- Hodg-
son, late British Minister at Nepal. 2 vols., pp. viii.-408, and viii.-348.
1880. 288.

Selections from the Koran. By Edward William Lane, Author of an
** Arabic-English Lexicon," &c. A New Edition, Revised, with an
Introduction. By Stanley Lane Poole. Pp. cxii. and 174. 1879. 98.

Chinese Buddhism. A Volume of Sketches, Historical and Critical.
By J. Edkins, D.D., Author of " China's Place in Philology," ** Religion
in China,** &c., &c. Pp. Ivi. and 464. 1880. 18s.

The Gulistan ; or, Rose Garden of Shekh Mushliu*d-Din Sadi of
Shiraz. Traiislated for the first time into Prose and Verse, with
Preface and a Life of the Author, from the Atish Kadah, by E. B.
Eastwick, F.R.S., M.R.A.S., &c. Second Edition. Pp. xxvi. and 244.
1880. 10s. 6d.

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TRUBNER'S ORIENTAL SERIBS—eon^tntied^.

A Talmudio Miscellany ; or, One Thousand and One Extracts from the
Talmud, the Midrashim, and the Kabbalah. Compiled and Translated
by P. J. Hershon. With a Preface by the Rev. F. W. Farrar, D.D.,
F.R.S., Chaplain in Ordinary to Her Majesty, and Canon of West-
minster. With Notes and Copious Indexes. Pp. xxviii. and 362. 1880.
14s.

The History op EsarhaDdon (Son of Sennacherib), King of Assyria,
B.C. 681-668. Translated from the Cuneiform Inscriptions upon
Cylinders and Tablets in the British Museum Collection. Togetner
with Original Texts, a Grammatical Analysis of each word. Explana-
tions of the Ideographs by Extracts from the Bi-Lingual Syllabaries,
and List of Eponyms, &c. By Ernest A. Budge, M.B.A.S., Assyrian
Exhibitioner, Christ's College, Cambridge. Post 8yo, pp. xii. and
164, cloth. 1880. 10s. 6d.

Buddhist Bibth Stories; or, J&taka Tales. The oldest Collection of
Folk-Lore extant : being the J&takatthayannana, for the first time
edited in the original Pali, by Y. Fausboll, and translated by T. W.
EhysDavidi. Translation. Vol. I. Pp. cxvi. and 348. 1880. 18s.

The Classical Poetry of the Japanese. By Basil Chamberlain, Author
of •* Yeigio Henkaku, Ichiran." Pp. xii. and 228. 1880. 7s. 6d.

Linouistio aKD Oriental Essays. Written from the year 1846-1878.
By R. Cost, Author of '^The Modem Languages of the East Indies.'^
Pp. xiL and 484. 1880. 18s.

Indian Poetry. Containing a New Edition of **The Indian Song of
Songs," from the Sanskrit of the Gita Govindaof Jayadeva : Two Books
from '' The Iliad of India " (Mah&bh^rata) ; '* Proverbial Wisdom '' from
the Shlokas of the Hitopad6sa, and other Oriental Poems. By Edwin
Arnold) M.A., C.S.I., &c, &o. Pp. yiiL and270. 1881. 78. 6d.

The Religions of India. By A. Barth. Authorised Translation by
Rev. J. Wood. Pp. XX. and 310. 188L lOs.

HindO Philosophy. The Sankhya K&rika of Iswara Krishna. An
Exposition of the System of KapUa. With an Appendix on the Nyaya
and Yaiseshika Systems. By John Davies, BLA., M.B.A.S. Pp. vi.
and 151. 1881. 6s.

A Manual of Hindu Pantheism. The Yedantasara. Translated with
Copious Annotations. By Major G. A. Jacob, Bombay Staff Corps,
Inspector of Army Schools. With a Preface by E. B* Cowell, M.A.,
Professor of Sanskrit HL the University of Cambridge. Pp. x. and 130.
1881. 68.

The MbsnevI (usually known as the Mesneviyi Sherif, or Holy MesnevI)
of Mevl&na (Our Lord) Jelalu-'d-Din Muhammed, Er-Rami. Book the
First. Together with some Account of the Life and Acta of the Author^
of his Ancestors, and of his Descendants. Illustrated by a selection
of Characteristic Anecdotes as collected by their Historian MevlanS,
Shemsu-'d-Din Ahmed, El EflakI El ArifL Translated, and the Poetry
Versified by James W. Redhouse, M.R.A.S., &c. Pp. xvi. and l36;
vi. and 290. 188L £1, Is.

Eastern Problems and Emblems iLLUSTHATiNa Old Truths. By the
Rev. J. Long, Member of the Bengal Asiatic Society, F.R.G.S. Pp.
XV. and 280. 188L 68.

The Quatrains of Omar Khayyam. A New Translation. By E. H.
Whinfield, late of H.BI. Bengal Civil Service. Pp. 96. 1881. 5s.

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Thje MlifO ov MsNOius ; or, Political Economy Founded upon Moral Philo-
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Mencius. The Original Text Classified and Translated, with Com-
ments, hy the Rev. K Faber^ Ehenish Mission Society. Translated
from the German, with Additional Notes, by the Bey. A. B. Hutchin-
son, Church Mission. Hong Kong. Author in Chinese of " Primer Old
Testament History,*^ &c., &c. fp. xvi and 294. 1882. 10s. 6d.

T6suF AND ZULAIKHA. A Poem by JamL Translated from the Persian
into English Verse. By B. T. H. Griffith. Pp. ziv. and 304. 1882. Ss. 6d.

TsUNi— IiGOAif : The Supreme Being of the Khoi-Khoi By Thecphihis
Hahn, Ph.D., Custodian of the Grey Collection, Cai>e Town, Corres-
ponding Member of the Geographical Society, Dresden ; Correspondii^
Member of the Anthropological Society, Vienna, &c, ke. Pp. ziL and
154. 1882. 7s. 6d.

A COMPRSHSNSivs COMMBNTABT TO THE QUBAN. To which 18 prefixed
Sale's Preliminary Discourse, with Additional Notes and Emendations.
Together with a Complete Index to the Text, Preliminary DiBCourse,
and Notes. By Ber. E. M. Wherry, M.A., Lodiana. Vol. I. Pp. xii
and 392. 1882. 12s. 6d.

ThefoUomng works art inpreparaiioii ;—
Buddhist Bbcobds of the Westebm World, being the Si-Yu-Ei by
Hwen Thsang. Translated from the original Chinese, with Introduc-
tion, Index, AC. By Samuel Beal, Trinity College, Cambridge, Profes-
sor of Chinese, University College, London. In 2 vols.
Obiental Bblioioks in theib. Bblation to Univebsal Belioion. By
Samuel Johnson. First Section — India. Second Section — China. Id
4v«^.
The Odes of Haifz. Being a Complete Metrical Translation of the
Works of the Great Lyric Poet of Persia. By E. H. Palmer, M.A,
Lord Almoner's Professor of Arabic in the University of Cambridge.
Indian Tales fbom Tibetan SouboeS. Translated from tiie Tibetan
into German, with Introductions by Anton Schiefner, of the Imperial
Academy of St. Petez«burg. Bendued into Rnglish, with Notes, by W.
B. S. Balston.
The S abv adabbana Sangbaha. Translated from the Sandmt, with Notes.
By £. B. Cowell and A. £. Gough.
UMaER.-— A Shobt Cut to Beading : The Child's First Book of Lessons. Part L
By W. H. Unger. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo, pp. 32, cloth. 1873. 5d. In foho
sheets. Pp. 44. Sets A to D, lOd. each ; set E, 8d. 1873. Complete, 4s.
Sequel to Part I. and Part II. Fourth Edition. Cr. 8vo, pp. 64, doth. 1873.
6d. Parts L and n. Thh:d Edition. Demy 8vo, pp. 76, doth. 1873. Is. 6d.
UNOBB.— W. H. Unoer's Continuous Supplementabt Wbitino Models, des^Ded
to impart not only a good business hand, but ooxreetnees in transcribing. Obloiig
8vo, pp. 40, stiff covers. 1874. 6d.
UKGEB.— The Student's Blue Book: Being Selections from Official Corre-
spondence, Beports, &e. ; for Exercises in Beading and Copying Manuscripts,
Writing, Orthography, Punctuation, Dictation, Pr6cis, Indexing, and Digesting,
and Tabulating Accounts and Betums. Compiled by W. H. Unger. Folio, pjk
100, paper. 1875. 4s.
IKNOBB.— Two Hundred Tests in English Orthography, or Word Dictations.
Compiled by W. H. Unger. Foolscap, pp. viii. and 200, cloth. 1877. la. 6d. phun,
2s. 6d. interleaved.

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UNGER.— The SCBIPT Pbimeb: By which one of the remaining diffionlties of
Children is entirely removed in the first stages, and, as a consequence, a consider-
able saving of time will be effected. In Two Parts. By W. EL Unger. Part 1.
12mo, pp. XYi. and 44, doth. 5d. Part 11., pp. 59, cloth. 5d.

VNOER.— Pbbldonart Word Dictations- on thb Bules fob Spelling. By W.
H. Unger. 18mo, pp. 44, cloth. 4d.

UBICOECHEA.— Mapoteoa Colombiana : Catalogo de Todos los Mapas, Pianos,
Vistas, &;c., relativos a la Am^ca-Espafiola, Brasil, e Islas adyacentes. Arrer
glada cronologicamente i precedida de una introducoion sobre la historia cartogra-
nca de America. Por el Doctor Ezequiel Uricoechea, de Bogdta, Nueva Granada.
8yo, pp. 232, cloth. 1860. 68.

VATTANA SUTRA.— See AuCTORBS Sanskriti, Vol. III.

VAN CAMPEN.— The Dutch in the Arctic Seas. By Samuel Bichard Van
Campen. author of ** Holland's Silver Feast." Sv^. Vol. I. A Dutch Arctic
Expedition and Boute. Third Edition. Pp. xzxvii. and 263, doth. 1877. 10s. 6d,
Vol. IL in preparation,

VAN*DB WEYBR.— Choix d'Opuscules Philosophiques, Historiques, PolitiqIes
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Boxburghe style. Crown 8yo. Premiere SISrie. Pp. 374. 1863. 10s. 6d.--
Deuxieme S6rie. Pp. 502. 1869. 12s.--TroisiI:me S^rie. Pp. 391. 1875.
10s. 6d.— Quatri^e S^rie. Pp. 366. 1876. 10s. 6d.

VAN LAUN.— Grammar of the French Lanquaoe. By H. Van Laun. Parti
L and II. Accidence and Syntax. 13th Edition. Cr. 8vo, pp. 151 and 120, cloth.
1874. 4s. Part III. Exercises. 11th Edition. Cr. 8vo, pp. zii and 285, cloth.
1873. 3s. 6d.

VAN LAUN.— Lejions Gradu^es de Traduction et de Lecture ; or, Graduated
Lessons in Translation and Beading, with Biographical Sketches, Annotations
on History, Geography, Synonyms and Style, and a Dictionary of Words and
Idioms. By Henri Van Laun. 4th Edition. 12mo, pp. viii. and 400, cloth.
1868. 5s.

VARDHAMANA'S GANARATNAMAHODADHI. See Auctores Sanskriti, Vol. IV.

VELASQUEZ AND SiMONN^'s l^EW Method to Bead, Write, and Speak the
Spanish Lanquaqe. Adapted to OUendorfTs System. Post 8yo, pp. 558, cloth.
1880. 6s.
Key. Post 8vo, pp. 174, cloth. 4s.

VELASQUEZ.— A Dictionart of the Spanish and EnoIiTsh LANOUAaES. Sor
the Use of Young Learners and Travellers. By M. Velasquez de la Cadena.
In Two Parts. I. Spanish-English. II. English-Spanish. Crown dvo, pp. viii.
and 846, cloth. 1878. 7s. 6d.

VELASQUEZ.— A Pronouncing Dictionary op the Spanish and English Lan-
guages. Composed from the Dictionaries of the Spanish Academy, Terreos, and
Salv6,, and Webster, Worcester, and Walker. Two Parts in one thick volume.
By M. Velasquez de la Cadena. Boy. 8vo, pp. 1280, cloth. 1873. £1, 4s.

VELASQUEZ.— New Spanish Beader : Passages from the most approved authors,
in Prose and Verse. Arranged in progressive order. With Vocabulary, By M.
Velasquez de la Cadena. Post 8vo, pp. 352, cloth. 1866. 6s.

VELASQUEZ.— An East Introduction to Spanish Conversation, containing all
that is necessary to make a rapid progress in it. Particularly designed for
persons who have little time to study, or are their own instructors. By M.
Velasquez de la Cadena. 12mo, pp. 150, cloth. 1863. 2s. 6d.

VERSES and Versblbts. By a Lover of Nature. Foolscap 8vo, pp. viii. and
88, cloth. 1876. 2s. 6d. . •

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List in pi'eparation.

yOOBL.— On Bbkb. a StatiittMl Sketch. By M. VogeL Fcap. 8vo, pp. zii. and
76, cloth limp. 1874. 2a.

WAFfLABD and FULOENOE.— Ls t^OTAOB 1 Duppb. A Oomedj in Froae. By
Wafflard and Fulgence. Edited, with Notea, by the Bev. F. H. E. Brette, KD.
Cr. 8to, pp. 104, cloth. 1867. 2b. 6d.

WAXB.— The Evolution of Mobalitt. Being a History of the Deyelopmeni of
Moral Culture. By 0. Staniland Wake. 2 toIb. orown 8vo, pp. xYi.-506 and
ziL-474, doth. 1878. 21i.

WALLAOB.— On Mibaclbs and Modebn Spibitualism ; Three Essays. By Alfred
Bussel Wallace, Author of "The Malav Archipelago," **The Geogittphical Dis-
tribution of Animals," &c., ko. Second Edition, crown 8vo, pp. yiii and 236,
cloth. 1881. 68.

WANSLTN and CniAFMAN.-^WATEB Analtsis. A Practieal Treatise on the
Examination of Fotable Water. By J. A. Wanklyn, and E. T. Chapman. Fifth
Edition. Entirely rewritten. By J. A. Wanklyn, M.B.C.S. Crown Svo, pp. z.
and 182, oloth. 1879. Ss.

WANKLTN.— Milk Analysis ; a Fractical Treatise on the Ezamhiation of Milk and
its DerivatiTes, Cream, Butter, and Cheese. By J. A. Wanklyn, M.B.O.S., &c
Crown 8vo, pp. viii. and 72, cloth. 1874. 5s.

WANKLTN.— Tea, Coffee, and Cocoa. A Practical Treatise on the Analsrsis of
Tea, Coffee, Cocoa, Chocolate, Mat^ (Faraguay Tea), &c. By J. A. Wanldyn,
M.R.C.S., &c. Crown 8vo, pp. viii. and 60, cloth. .1874. 5s.

WAR OFFICE.— A List of the vakious Miutaby Manuals and otheb Wobm

PUBLISHED UNDEB THE SUFEBINTENDENCE OF THE WaB OFFICE may be had on

application.

WARD. — lOE : A Lecture deliyered before the Keswick Literary Society, and pub-
lished by request. To which is appended a Greological Dream on Skiddaw. By
J. Clifton Ward, F.G.S. 8vo, pp. 28, sewed. 1870. Is.

WARD.— Elementabt Natubal Philosopht ; being a Course of Nine Lectures,
specially adapted for the use of Schools and Junior Students. By J. Clifton
Ward, F.G.S. Fcap. 8vo, pp. viii. and 216, with 164 Illustrations, cloth. 1871.
3s. 6d.

WARD.— Elementabt Geologt : A Course of Nine Lectures, for the use of Schools
and Junior Students. By J. Clifton Ward, F.G.S. Fcap. 8vo, pp. 292, with 120
Illustrations, cloth. 1872. 4s. 6d.

WATSON.— Index to the Native and Scientific Names of Indian and othee
Eastern Economic Plants and Fboducts, originally prepared under the autho-
rity of the Secretary of State for India in Council. By John Forbes Watson,
M.D. Imp. 8vo, pp. 650, cloth. 1868. £1, lis. 6d.

WEBER.— The Histobt OF Indian Literature. By Albrecht Weber. Translated
from the Second Grerman Edition, by John Mann, M. A. , and Theodor Zacharaiae
Ph.D., with the sanction of the author. Post 8yo, pp. xxiv. and 360, doth.
1878. 18s.

WEDQWbOD.— The Principles of GeometbioalDemonstbation, reduced from the
Original Conception of Space and Form. By H. Wedgwood, M.A. 12mo, pp. 48,
cloth. 1844. 2s.

WEDGWOOD.— On the Development op the Xj^jderstanding. By H. Wedewood
A.M. 12mo, pp. 133, cloth. 1848. 3s. ^ 6 ,

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WBDOWOOD.— The Geometry of the Thbeb Fibst Books of Euclid. By Direct
Proof from Definitions Alone. By H. Wedgwood, M. A. 12mo, pp. 104, cloth.
1856. 38.

WEDGWOOD.— On the Obioin of Lahouaqb. By H. Wedgwood, M.A. 12nio,
pp. 166, cloth. 1866. 3s. 6d.

WEDGWOOD. —A DiOTiONABT OF English Bttmoloot. By H. Wedgwood.
Third Edition, revised and enlarged. With Introduction on the Origin of
Language. 8vo, pp. Ixxii and 746, cloth. 1878. £1, Is.

WEISBAOH.— Theobetioal Meohanios : A Manual of the Mechanics of Engineer-
ing and of the Oonstruction of Machines ; with an Introduction to the Calculus.
Designed as a Text-book for Technical Schools and Colleges, and for the use of
Engineers, Architects, &c. By Julius Weisbach, Ph.D., Oberbergrath, and Pro-
fessor at the Boyal Mining Academy at Freiberg, &c. Translated from the Ger-
man by Eckley B. Coxe, A.M, Mining Engineer. Demy 8vo, with 902 woodcuts,
pp. 1112, clottu 1877. 31s. 6d.

WELLER.— An Impeoved Diotionabt ; English and French, and French and Eng-
lish. By E. Weller. Eoyal 8vo, pp. 384 and 340, cloth. 1864. 7s. 6d.

WEST and BUHLEB.— A Digest of the Hindu Law op Inhebitance and Parti-
tion, from the Replies of the S^tris in the Several Courts of the Bombay Pre-
sidency. With Introduction, Notes, and Appendix. Edited by Raymond West
and J. G. Biihler. Second Edition. Demy 8vo, 674 pp., sewed. 1879. £1, lis. 6d.

WETHERELL.— The Manufaotubb of Vineoab, its Theory and Practice; with
especial reference to the Quick Process. By 0. M. Wetherell, Ph.D., M.D. 8vo,
pp. 30, cloth. 7s. 6d.

WHEELDON.— Angling Rbsobts neab TjONDON : The Thames and the Lea. By J.
P. Wheeldon, Piscatorial Correspondent to " Bell's life." Crown 8vo, pp. viii.
and 218. 1878. Paper, Is. 6d.

WHEELER.— The Histobt of India fbom the Eabliest Ages. By J. Talboys
Wheeler. Demy 8vo. Vol. I. containing the Vedic Period and the Mah&
Bh&rata. With Map. Pp. Ixxv. and 576, cL 1867, o. p. VoL IL The Ramayana.
and the Brahmanic Period. Pp. Ixxxviii and 680, with 2 Maps, cl. 21s. Vol.

III. Hindu, Buddhist, Brahmanical Revival. Pp. xxiv.-i500. With 2 Maps,
8vo, cl. 1874. 18s. This volume majr be had as a complete work with the fol-
lowing title, ** History of India ; Hindu, Buddhist, and Brahmanical.*' Vol.

IV. Part 1. Mussulman Rule. Pp. xxxii.-320. 1876. 14s. Vol. IV., Part II.,
completing the History of India down to the time of the Moghul Empire.

WHEELER.— Bablt Recobds of Beitish India : A History of the English Settle-
ments in India, as told in the Government Records, the works of old Travellers,
and other Contemporary Documents, from the earliest period down to the rise of
British Power in India. By J. Talboys Wheeler, late Assistant Secretary to the
Government of India in the Foreign Department. Royal 8vo, pp. luxii. and 392.
cloth. 1878. 15s.

WHEELER.— The Foeeignee in China. By L. N. Wheeler, D.D. With Intro-
duction by Professor W. C. Sawyer, Ph.D. 8vo, pp. 268, cloth. 1881. 6s. 6d.

WHERRY.— A Compeehensive Commentabt to the Quean. To which is prefixed
Sale's Preliminary Discourse, with additional Notes and Emendations. Together
with a complete Index to the Text, Preliminary Discourse, and Notes. By Rev.
E. M.iWherry, M. A., Lodiana. 2 vols, post 8vo, cloth. Vol. I. Pp. xii. and 392.
1882. 12s. 6d.

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WUmFULD.^QuATBADrs or Ouxr Khattax. See TriUmer's Oriental Series.

WHINFXELD.-Ste Qulbhah L Baz.

•

WHUT.— Shobt BuIiBB fob IfoDSBir Wmsr, Eztraetod from the ^QnarterW
Beriew*' of January 1871. Printed on a Card, folded tofit the Pocket. 1878. 6d.

WHRHBT.— LAKauAOB and the Study of Lakouaoe : Twelve Lectures on the
Prindplei of Lingaistic Science. By W. D. Whitney. Third Edition. Grown
8yo, pp. ziL and 504, doth. 1870. lOs. 6d.

r. — ^Lakouaob and its Studt, with especial reference to the Indo-
European Family d Lang^uages. Seven Lectures oy W. D. Whitney, Instructor
in Modem Languages in Yale Ck>llege. Edited with Introduction, Notes, Tables,
Ac., and an Index, by the Bev. B. Morris, M.A., LL.D. Second Edition.
Grown 8yo, pp. zxii and 318, cloth. 1880. 5s.

WHITNET.—Oriental and Linguistic Studies. By W. D. Whitney. First Series.
Grown 8vo, pp. x. and 420, doth. 1874. 12s. Second Series. Grown 8vo, pp. xiL
and 434. ,With chart, dol^ 1874. 12s.

WHITNET.— A Sanskbit Grahmab, including both the Glassical Language and the
older Dialects of Veda and Brahmana. By William I>wight Whitney, Professor
of Sanskrit and Gomparatiye Philology in Yale Gollege, Newhaven, &c., kc.
8to, pp. xxiv. and 486. 1879. Stitched in wrapper, lOs. 6d ; cloth, 12s.

WHITWBLL.— Iron Smelter's Pocket Analysis Book. By Thomas Whitwdl,
Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, kc. Oblong 12mo, pp. 152,
roan. 1877. 5s.

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