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p^ 


The  Arthur  and  Elizabeth 
SCHLESINGER  LIBRARY 

on  the  History  of  Women 
in  America 


WOMAN'S  RIGHTS 
COLLECTION 


Copyright  J.  E.  Hale. 


SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

In  Her  Eighty-Sixth  Year. 


THE  LIFE  AND  WORK 


OP 


SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY 


INCLUDING  THE  TRIUMPHS  OP  HBR  LAST  YEARS,  ACXOUNT 
OP  HER  DEATH  AND  PUNERAL  AND  COM- 
MENTS OP  THE  PRESS 


BY 

IDA  HUSTED  HARPER 


B  Story  of  the  ewluHon  of  the  Status  of  aioimn 

IN  THREE  VOLUMES 

VOLUME  III 

ILLUSTRATED  WITH  PORTRAITS.  PICTURES  OF  HOMES.  ETC 


INDIANAPOLIS 

THE  HOLLENBECK  PRESS 
1908 


Copyright  1908 

BY 

The  Executors  or  the  Estate  or  Mary  S.  Anthony,  a  Part  op  Whose 
Bequest  to  the  Cause  of  Woman  Suffrage  Was  Used 

IN  THE  PUBUCATION  OF  ThIS  VolUME. 


no 

A3 
V.3 


(H) 


DEDICATED  TO  THE  MEMORY  OF 

SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY, 

WHO  GAVE  HER  OWN  LIFE  TO  MAKE  THE  LIVES  OF  ALL 

WOMEN  FREER,  HAPPIER  AND  MORE  VALUABLE  TO 

THEMSELVES,  THE  HOME  AND  THE  STATE. 


(Hi) 


The  writer  of  this  volume  wishes  to 
express  her  high  appreciation  of  the 
helpful  suggestions  and  cordial  co- 
operation of  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard 
Shaw,  Mrs.  Rachel  Foster  Avery  and 
Miss  Lucy  E.  Anthony,  executors  of 
the  estates  of  Susan  B.  and  Mary  S. 
Anthony.  Thanks  are  especially  due 
to  Mrs.  Avery  for  constant  assistance 
during  all  the  long  task  of  proof- 
reading both  type-written  and  print- 
ed copies. 


(iv) 


PREFACE. 


The  writing  of  the  two  preceding  volumes  was  completed 
early  in  1898,  but  the  revising,  proof-reading,  indexing  and  the 
many  details  connected  with  the  publishing  of  a  book  delayed 
its  appearance  until  the  last  months  of  the  year,  just  in  time  to  be 
utilized  as  a  Christmas  present.  It  had  been  a  serious  problem 
whether  or  not  to  give  it  to  the  public  during  Miss  Anthony's 
lifetime,  but  the  same  reasons  which  impelled  her  to  have  it  writ- 
ten while  she  yet  lived,  decided  her  to  have  it  published  at  once. 
For  many  years  Miss  Anthony  and  the  work  she  was  trying  to 
do  were  so  cruelly  misrepresented  by  individuals  and  by  the  press 
that  she  felt  it  but  simple  justice  to  herself  and  her  cause  to  pre- 
sent the  facts  and  the  evidence,  and  in  case  these  were  questioned 
to  be  able  herself  to  defend  them.  It  is  a  deep  satisfaction  to 
know  that  this  never  was  necessary,  for,  notwithstanding  the 
large  number  of  persons  mentioned  and  the  many  controversial 
matters  discussed,  in  only  one  instance  was  any  statement  really 
disputed  and  this  hardly  to  the  extent  of  a  denial  or  a  challenge. 

To  Miss  Anthony's  friends  the  publication  of  the  book  was  a 
thousandfold  justified  in  the  pleasure  it  afforded  hen  For  years 
she  had  been  oppressed  by  the  feeling  that  it  must  be  written  and 
by  the  realization  of  the  time,  the  work  and  the  responsibility  its 
preparation  would  involve.  It  was  with  the  utmost  relief  and 
gratification  that  she  saw  it  completed,  and  her  joy  was  un- 
bounded when  she  received  hundreds  of  approving  letters  from 
friends  and  favorable  reviews  from  most  of  the  leading  papers 
and  magazines  in  this  country  and  Europe.  The  press  notices 
included,  for  instance,  a  full  page  in  the  New  York  Herald,  the 
Chicago  Inter-Ocean  and  the  Indianapolis  News,  three  columns 
in  the  New  York  Sun  and  as  many  in  the  London  Times,  and 
among  all  the  reviews  there  was  scarcely  an  unfavorable  com- 

(v) 


VI  PREFACE. 

ment  It  is  a  great  comfort  to  know  that  all  these  came  while 
Miss  Anthony  was  here  to  have  her  heart  gladdened  and  to  re- 
ceive this  recompense  for  the  years  of  coldness,  unappreciation 
and  contumely.  And  then  her  delight  in  presenting  these  vol- 
umes— ^no  one  will  ever  know  how  many — ^to  her  dearest  friends ; 
to  those  who  had  given  her  hospitality  or  assistance;  to  clubs 
and  libraries  too  poor  to  buy  them,  always  with  a  message  of 
affection  or  gratitude  or  encouragement  which  infinitely  en- 
hanced their  value!  For  seven  years  her  generous  heart  found 
this  charming  expression,  and  all  who  loved  her  rejoiced  indeed 
that  the  book  had  taken  shape,  received  her  consecrating  touch 
and  added  its  measure  of  happiness  to  those  last  precious  days. 

When  the  first  two  volumes  were  finished  it  was  understood 
that  if  Miss  Anthony  lived  for  a  number  of  years  and  the  events 
of  her  life  justified  it  another  should  be  written.  She  was  then 
seventy-eight  years  old  and  apparently  as  vigorous  physically 
and  mentally  as  in  her  prime.  She  came  from  a  long-lived  race 
and  believed  that  she  would  round  out  the  ninety-seven  years  of 
her  paternal  grandfather,  but  she  did  not  take  into  account  the 
greater  strain  of  mind  and  body  to  which  she  had  subjected  her- 
self. The  end  came  at  eighty-six,  but  the  last  eight  years  were 
among  the  most  important  of  her  long  existence  in  incident  and 
achievement,  and  strongly  demanded  the  completion  of  the  won- 
derful story.  The  intention  was  to  write  this  volume  immedi- 
ately after  her  death  but  circumstances  prevented.  Through  the 
delay  there  has  been  recorded  in  it  the  passing  away  of  the  beloved 
"Sister  Mary,"  the  last  of  her  generation. 

The  inspiration  of  the  other  volimies  has  been  sadly  lacking 
in  the  present  The  environment  of  the  Anthony  home  where 
they  were  written  was  strongly  conducive  to  work;  nobody 
therein  ever  knew  an  idle  moment.  The  maid  in  the  kitchen  was 
busy  looking  after  the  material  wants  of  the  household;  Miss 
Mary,  in  her  little  retreat  off  the  back  parlor,  carried  on  the 
president's  duties  of  the  large  Rochester  Political  Equality  Qub 
and  those  of  her  church  and  charity  organizations;  Miss  An- 
thony in  her  historic  study,  conducted  a  large  part  of  the  vast 
business  of  the  National  Suffrage  Association  and  her  cor- 


PREFACE.  VU 

respondence  which  extended  around  the  globe,  and  three  type- 
writers made  harmonious  music  all  day  long.  No  idlers  tarried 
here,  the  many  visitors  were  all  workers  in  various  lines  of  life's 
activities.  The  very  atmosphere  was  stimulating,  it  aroused  en- 
thusiasm, quickened  ideas,  incited  to  effort.  In  the  quiet  "attic" 
or  third-story  work-rooms  one  was  isolated  from  the  world  and 
wrote  day  after  day  without  an  interruption;  from  its  treasure 
house  of  materials  it  was  a  keen  delight  to  select,  to  shape,  to 
construct ;  and  when  a  date,  a  name,  a  link  was  missing,  one  had 
but  to  call  down  to  the  occupant  of  the  study  at  the  foot  of  the 
stairs,  and,  almost  without  a  moment's  hesitation,  came  back  the 
needed  information  from  the  depths  of  that  marvelous  memory. 
In  the  evening  there  was  a  long  walk,  or,  if  the  weather  were  too 
inclement,  an  hour  by  the  fire,  when  the  chapter  of  the  day  was 
talked  over  and  the  recollection  awakened  of  many  a  forgotten  in- 
cident. How  clear  the  perceptions,  how  wise  the  judgment,  how 
fine  the  criticism — fortunate  the  writer  who  could  submit  her 
work  to  such  a  Mentor !  All  the  wearisome  task  was  lightened  by 
the  interest,  the  S)anpathy,  the  quick  appreciation,  the  generous 
word  of  praise.  The  tedious  seclusicwi,  the  nervous  strain,  the 
mental  and  physical  drudgery,  were  far  more  than  compensated 
by  daily  association  with  that  splendid  intellect,  that  strong, 
philosophical  nature — ^the  rarest  of  privileges  for  which  no  price 
could  be  too  great. 

In  preparing  the  present  volume  there  has  been  only  the  in- 
spiration which  lingers  in  the  memory  of  those  days  long  past; 
only  the  loyal  effort  to  keep  the  promise  that  the  story  should  be 
finished ;  only  the  earnest  desire  to  tell  it  as  Miss  Anthony  would 
have  wished  it  told.  It  ends  the  record  of  this  noble  life  conse- 
crated to  service  for  humanity  in  the  firm  conviction  that  through 
the  highest  and  fullest  development  of  womanhood  the  whole 
race  will  be  uplifted.  The  entire  social  system  already  shows  the 
beneficial  results  of  Miss  Anthony's  work,  but  for  women  exist- 
ence itself  has  been  transformed  because  she  lived  and  wrought. 
It  will  be  always  a  matter  of  the  keenest  regret  that  she  did  not 
live  to  see  the  complete  realization  of  her  three-score  years  of 
heroic  endeavor,  but  she  died  in  the  perfect  faith  that,  in  the  not 


Vlll  PREFACE. 

distant  future,  women  will  surely  be  protected  by  the  law  in  their 
political  rights  as  they  are  today  in  all  others.  She  found  her 
deepest  pleasure  in  the  thought  of  the  millions  now  in  full  enjoy- 
ment of  the  new  world  which  has  been  opened  to  them,  and  in 
the  observance  of  their  remarkable  evolution  under  the  con- 
ditions of  freedom.  All  the  vast  army  of  women  who  are  now 
carrying  forward  her  work  to  completion,  all  who  shall  hereafter 
take  it  up,  will  receive  as  a  blessed  inheritance  something  of  her 
indomitable  will,  dauntless  courage,  limitless  patience,  persever- 
ance, optimism,  faith. 

New  York,  September,  1907. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

Vol.  111. 


CHAPTER  LI. 

Pages  from  the  Life  of  a  Busy  Woman.    (189S.) 1111-1122 

Fiftieth  Woman's  Rights  Anniversary;  Miss  Anthony's  red 
shawl;  tribute  to  Mrs.  Hooker;  death  of  Frances  £.  Willard; 
proof-reading  the  Biography;  Miss  Anthony's  opinion  of  school 
teachers ;  stands  for  suffrage  alone ;  scores  treatment  of  soldiers 
in  Spanish-American  War. 

CHAPTER  LIL 

Medieval  Journalism— Women  in  Our  New  Possessions.  (1899.)  1123-1134 
Miss  Anthony's  inscriptions  in  her  books;  she  is  ridiculed  by 
newspapers;  her  view  of  her  own  power  of  oratory;  National 
Convention  in  Grand  Rapids;  speech  on  action  of  Congress  to- 
ward women  of  Hawaii  and  the  Philippines ;  women  should  not 
be  counted  in  basis  of  representation ;  called  daughter  of  Methu- 
selah; her  minister's  sermons;  women  voters  necessary  for  en- 
forcement of  temperance  laws;  starts  for  London  to  attend 
International  Council  of  Women;  letter  to  Mrs.  Stanford  on 
restricting  number  of  girls  in  the  university. 

CHAPTER  LIIL 

The  International  Council  of  Women  in  London.    (1899.) 1135-1147 

Miss  Anthony's  part  in  the  Congress ;  her  address ;  tributes  of 
women ;  of  the  press ;  interviews ;  descriptions  of  the  Congress, 
social  entertainments,  services  in  Westminster  Abbey;  anec- 
dotes of  Miss  Anthony;  her  part  in  reception  by  Queen  Vic- 
toria; her  account  after  returning  home. 

CHAPTER  LIV. 

Plural  Marriage— Victoria— Women  Commissioners.    (1899.).. •  1148-1160 
Women's  votes  necessary  for  political  reforms;  Miss  Anthony 
at  State  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs;  speech  on  Polygamy 

(ix) 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS. 

creates  excitement;  states  her  views  in  New  York  World;  also 
expresses  them  to  Mormon  women;  personal  description  in 
Indianapolis  Sentinel;  letter  to  Samuel  F.  Gompers ;  addresses 
Labor  Convention;  interview  on  impressions  of  Queen  Vic- 
toria; Congressional  Committee  Reports  on  woman  suffrage; 
successful  efforts  to  have  women  appointed  official  representa- 
tives to  Paris  Exposition ;  letters  of  Mrs.  Bertha  Honore  Palmer. 


CHAPTER  LV. 

Resigns  PsESiDENcy  of  the  National  Association,   (igoo) X161-1176 

Miss  Anthon/s  address  to  Bricklasrers'  and  Masons'  Interna- 
tional Union;  interview  on  progress  of  women;  press  comment 
on  her  proposed  resignation,  her  great  work  and  her  present 
vigor ;  Miss  Anthony's  view  of  the  National  Suffrage  Conven- 
tions ;  her  report  of  the  International  Council ;  plea  before  Sen- 
ate Committee  for  Sixteenth  Amendment;  appearance  of  the 
Anti-suffragists ;  her  visit  to  Mrs.  McKinley ;  Washington  Post 
on  her  resignation;  her  speech  to  the  convention  and  presenta- 
tion of  her  successor;  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt's  response;  Miss  An- 
thony's farewell  address ;  tributes  of  women  writers. 


CHAPTER  LVI. 

The  Eightieth  Birthday  Celebration.    (1900.) 1177-1189 

Gifts  to  Miss  Anthony;  great  celebration  in  Lafayette  Opera 
House;  sonnet  by  William  Lloyd  Garrison;  description  in 
Woman's  Tribune;  addresses  of  Mrs.  Gaffney,  Mrs.  Sewall,  the 
Rev.  Ida  C.  Hultin,  Mrs.  Hollister,  Mrs.  Cook,  Mrs.  Thompson, 
Mrs.  Warren,  Mrs.  Shafroth,  Mrs.  Richards,  Mrs.  Stanton- 
Blatch,  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw;  offerings  of  children; 
poem  by  Mrs.  Coonley- Ward ;  response  of  Miss  Anthony;  re- 
ception  in  Corcoran  Art  Gallery. 


CHAPTER  LVIL 

Interesting  Letters  from  Miss  Anthony.    (1900.) 1 190-1209 

Cleveland  Leader  on  What  Miss  Anthony  Missed;  Standing 
Fund  for  Suffrage  incorporated ;  begins  answering  1,100  birth- 
day letters;  messages  to  the  disgruntled;  to  the  forgotten;  to 
the  young  women;  to  the  clubwomen;  to  the  writers;  to  the 
Ethical  Culture  Society,  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  the  D.  A.  R.;  on 
Peace  and  Arbitration ;  to  business  women ;  to  the  home  keep- 
ers; to  women  in  the  Suffrage  States;  to  those  in  the  South; 
to  bereaved  mothers;  on  public  schools;  to  liberal  and  orthodox 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS.  XI 

churchwomen ;  to  an  anti-suffragist ;  to  old  co-workers ;  to  Mrs. 
Stanford,  Mrs.  Severance,  editor  Omaha  Bee;  joking  notes;  to 
Mrs.  Chandler  on  Sixteenth  Amendment 


CHAPTER  LVIII. 

The  Opening  of  Rochester  University  to  Women.     (1900.) 1210-1229 

Life  Memberships;  beginning  Vol.  IV  History  of  Woman  Suf- 
frage; memorials  to  presidential  conventions;  Miss  Anthony 
opposes  women's  joining  political  parties;  her  love  for  young 
people;  speech  in  Faneuil  Hall;  names  the  eminent  pio- 
neers ;  death  of  brother  Merritt ;  longing  for  immortality ;  agrees 
with  James  Martineau ;  love  for  Miss  Shaw ;  entertains  National 
Suffrage  Board;  great  effort  to  complete  the  required  fund  for 
opening  Rochester  University  to  Women ;  pledges  her  life  insur- 
ance; almost  fatal  effect  of  struggle.  Was  it  necessary?  Grati- 
tude of  women  students;  takes  up  her  work  again  but  never 
fully  regains  health. 


CHAPTER  LIX. 

Miss  Anthony's  Varied  Work  in  Conventions.    (1901.) 1230-1243 

Her  81  St  birthday;  National  Suffrage  Convention  in  Minneapo- 
lis; Miss  Anthony's  view  of  mother's  influence;  petitions  to 
Congress ;  her  remarkable  work  in  conventions  of  many  kinds ; 
letter  to  National  Convention  of  Brewers ;  their  answer ;  tribute 
to  Mrs.  Avery;  on  licensing  social  evil;  address  at  Universalist 
Convention ;  articles  on  marriage ;  visits  Miss  Eddy  and  sits  for 
her  portrait;  goes  to  Providence,  R.  I.,  and  speaks  to  women 
students  of  Pembroke  Hall;  her  descriptive  letters;  tribute  of 
Richard  Lloyd  Jones. 


CHAPTER  LX. 

International  Suffrage— Medallion  for  Bryn  Mawr.  (1902.)..  1244-1261 
Eulogy  of  National  Suffrage  Conventions;  International  Com- 
mittee formed  in  Washington;  foreign  delegates  congratulate 
Miss  Anthony ;  her  ovation  at  the  D.  A.  R.  Congress ;  illness  in 
Philadelphia;  just  escapes  fire  in  Atlantic  City;  answers  Justice 
Baldwin  on  wife's  inferiority;  bronze  medallion  presented  to 
Bryn  Mawr  College  by  Dr.  Howard  A.  Kelly;  her  reception  by 
students;  visit  to  Mrs.  Stanton;  proofreading  Vol.  IV  of  the 
History;  her  guests  invited  to  hear  it;  her  opinion  of  "segrega- 
tion" at  Chicago  University;  marriage  of  her  secretary  in  the 
Anthony  home ;  Miss  Shaw's  wedding  ceremony. 


Xll  TABLE  OF   CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  LXI. 

Death  of  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton.    (1902.) 1262-1270 

Miss  Anthony's  reminiscences  of  the  early  experiences  of  Mrs. 
Stanton  and  herself;  tribute  to  great  ability  of  her  co-worker; 
account  of  the  funeral;  her  article  in  North  American  Review 
on  Woman's  Half-Century  of  Evolution;  in  Collier's  on 
Achievement  of  Woman;  extracts  from  articles  in  Pearson's 
Magazine,  Two  Greatest  Women  Reformers ;  from  N.  Y.  Inde- 
pendent  on  Mrs.  Stanton's  ideas  of  the  church;  from  Review 
of  Reviews  on  powerful  influence  of  these  two  pioneers  on  the 
evolution  of  woman;  from  N.  Y.  Sun  on  Mrs.  Stanton's 
genius  and  the  failure  of  the  Government  to  recognize  it. 

CHAPTER  LXII. 

To  President  Roosevelt^Placing  the  Suffrage  History.    (1902- 

1903.)  1271-1287 

Answer  to  political  committee;  correspondence  with  Mrs.  Mc- 
Kinley;  letter  to  President  Roosevelt  urging  him  to  recommend 
to  Congress  the  submission  of  an  amendment  for  woman  suf- 
frage; Miss  Anthony's  great  work  in  publishing  and  distribut- 
ing the  History;  portion  of  the  Preface;  change  of  sentiment; 
beautiful  acknowledgments  of  the  volume  from  this  and  other 
countries ;  placing  her  collection  of  books  in  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress; Harvard  graduates  and  marriage;  her  birthday  ''at 
home" ;  tributes  of  the  press ;  letter  on  disfranchisement  to  meet- 
ing of  negroes  in  New  York. 

CHAPTER  LXIII. 

Advice  to  Teachers — Miss  Anthony's  Domestic  Life.  (1903.) . .  •  1288-1304 
National  Suffrage  Convention  in  New  Orleans;  cordiality  of 
press  and  people;  visit  to  Tuskegee  Institute;  letters  to  Miss 
Haley  on  National  Educational  Association  and  mistakes  and 
duties  of  women  teachers ;  sentiment  for  bicycle  calendar ;  letter 
to  Dr.  Vincent  on  woman  suffrage  symposium  at  Chautauqua ; 
banquet  of  New  Century  Qub  in  Philadelphia ;  destroying  mass 
of  old  documents  in  attic  workrooms;  making  new  index  for 
Biography;  extracts  from  sketch  in  Pearson's  Magazine  of  Miss 
Anthon/s  life  at  home,  domestic  traits  and  love  of  family. 

CHAPTER  LXIV. 

Last  Washington  Convention — Starting  for  Berlin.    (1904.)...  1305-1314 
Letters  from  Mrs.  Sargent  on  The  Pleasures  of  Old  Age  and 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS.  XIU 

Mrs.  Jacob  Bright  on  The  Solitude  of  Self;  Miss  Anthony's  last 
SufiFrage  Convention  in  Washington;  guest  at  White  House; 
last  address  before  a  Senate  Committee;  faith  in  triumph  of 
woman  suffrage;  urged  by  German  women  to  come  to  Inter- 
national Council ;  neighbors'  good-by ;  starts  on  the  trip  to  Ber- 
lin; incidents  of  the  voyage;  beautiful  reception  at  Bremen. 


CHAPTER  LXV. 

The  International  Council  of  Women  in  Berlin.   (1904.) 1315-1328 

Reception  by  Council  officials;  description  of  Congress,  the 
Philharmonie,  wonderful  ability  and  unparalleled  hospitality  of 
German  women,  extensive  social  entertainment,  etc.;  at  Am- 
bassador Tower's;  Miss  Anthony  first  woman  to  speak  in  a 
church  in  Germany;  reception  by  the  Empress;  Miss  Anthony's 
account  of  it;  garden  party  by  Cabinet  Ministers;  Emperor 
William's  diplomacy;  honors  to  Miss  Anthony;  great  banquet  by 
Municipal  Council;  magistrates  declare  for  woman  suffrage; 
American  women  contrast  with  United  States;  forming  of  In- 
ternational Woman  Suffrage  Alliance ;  Miss  Anthony  intercedes 
for  reporters;  they  stand  by  her;  her  spirited  denial  of  having 
made  any  criticism  of  Germans;  end  of  happy  sojourn. 


CHAPTER  LXVI. 

Visiting  in  Europe— Death  of  Col.  D.  R.  Anthony.   (1904-) 1329-1341 

Miss  Anthony  visits  in  Dresden,  Heidelberg,  Vevay  and  Ge- 
neva; goes  to  London,  guest  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stanton  Coit; 
London  and  Manchester  branches  of  British  Society  for  Wom- 
en's Suffrage  give  large  garden  parties  in  her  honor;  she  visits 
Mrs.  McLaren  in  Edinburgh;  her  letters  from  there  and  other 
places  visited ;  at  the  home  of  Jacob  Bright ;  talk  with  Mrs.  Be- 
sant;  appreciative  letters  from  her  hostesses;  amusing  incident 
of  return  voyage;  her  welcome  home;  visits  her  brother  CoL 
D.  R  Anthony  in  Leavenworth;  his  death  soon  afterwards; 
her  deep  sorrow ;  finds  comfort  in  work. 


CHAPTER  LXVII. 

Miss  Anthony's  Opinions— Ex- President  Cleveland.  (1905.)...  1342-1359 
Interest  in  unfortunate  women ;  favors  prohibition  of  the  liquor 
traffic ;  chides  indifference  of  women  to  the  suffrage ;  begs  Pres- 
ident Roosevelt  to  recognize  women  as  well  as  negro  men ;  cel- 
ebration of  85th  birthday  in  Rochester;  congratulations  of  the 
press;  tributes  of  eminent  men  and  women  and  of  children; 
Mrs.  Sage  sends  editorial  from  N.  Y.  Telegram;  interview  in 


XIV  TABLE   OF    CONTENTS. 

N.  Y.  Press  on  position  of  modern  woman ;  personal  description 
in  Philadelphia  Press;  visits  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blodgett  in  Florida ; 
letter  to  nephew  D.  R.  on  dean  politics ;  sympathy  for  colored 
children ;  opinion  of  Divorce ;  comment  on  ex- President  Qeve- 
land's  articles  on  Woman's  Qubs  and  Suffrage. 

CHAPTER  LXVIII. 

Trip  to  the  Far  West— Call  on  President  Roosevelt.  (1905.) . . .  1360-1580 
Notable  journey  to  Portland,  Ore.;  welcome  of  press  and  citi- 
zens to  National  Suffrage  Convention;  Miss  Anthony's  re- 
sponse; at  dedication  of  Sacajawea  statue;  visit  to  Mrs.  Bidwell 
at  Chico  Ranch;  their  addresses  at  dedication  of  park;  visits, 
speeches  and  receptions  in  San  Francisco,  Oakland,  Berkeley 
and  Los  Angeles;  Suffrage  Day  at  Venice  Assembly;  journey 
homeward  via  Leavenworth;  ovation  at  N.  Y.  State  suffrage 
convention  in  Rochester;  eulogy  by  mayor;  Miss  Anthony's  in- 
terview with  President  Roosevelt ;  letter  asking  him  to  appoint 
a  commission  to  investigate  practical  working  of  woman  suf- 
frage ;  her  large  and  varied  correspondence ;  women  everywhere 
write  of  their  triumphs  and  disappointments ;  her  last  Christmas. 


CHAPTER  LXIX. 

Tributes  of  College  Women — Great  Fund  for  Suffrage.  (1906.) .  1581-1401 
Miss  Anthony's  last  letters;  her  86th  birthday  celebrated  in 
Rochester;  starts  for  National  Suffrage  Convention  in  Balti- 
more; illness  at  home  of  Miss  Garrett;  welcome  by  distin- 
guished men;  addresses  by  Clara  Barton  and  Julia  Ward 
Howe;  President  Shaw  criticizes  Roosevelt's  Message  and 
shows  workingwomen's  need  of  ballot ;  College  Women's  Even- 
ing under  direction  of  President  Thomas  of  Bryn  Mawr;  beau- 
tiful tributes  to  Miss  Anthony  by  women  presidents  and  pro- 
fessors; her  touching  response;  gives  her  birthday  money  to 
Oregon  campaign  fund ;  her  last  address  to  a  suffrage  conven- 
tion ;  Miss  Garrett's  brilliant  entertainments ;  President  Thomas 
and  Miss  Garrett  raise  large  fund  for  suffrage  work ;  Miss  An- 
thony's deep  joy  and  appreciation. 


CHAPTER  LXX. 

Last  Celebration  of  Miss  Anthony's  Birthday.  (1906.) 1402-1414 

Miss  Anthony  goes  to  Washington;  celebration  of  her  86th 
birthday;  letters  of  greeting  from  Vice-president  Fairbanks, 
Secretary  Taft,  Senators  Depew,  Piatt,  Gallinger,  Beveridge, 
Patterson,   Heybum,    Fulton;   Representatives   Payne,   Smith, 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS.  XV 

Watson,  Kahn,  Cushman,  French  and  others ;  letter  from  Pres- 
ident Roosevelt;  her  never-to-be-forgotten  rebuke;  her  last 
words  in  public;  very  ill  and  hastens  home;  great  celebration 
of  her  birthday  in  New  York  by  women  prominent  in  all  lines 
of  activity;  loving  messages  sent  her;  poem  by  Edwin  Mark- 
ham  ;  address  of  Wm.  M.  Ivans ;  tribute  of  Wm.  Lloyd  Garrison. 


CHAPTER  LXXI. 

The  Passing  of  Susan  B.  Anthony.    (1906) 141 5-1428 

Miss  Anthony's  calmness  and  courage  in  her  last  illness;  her 
anxiety  over  the  Oregon  suffrage  campaign;  account  of  her 
last  days  by  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw;  her  earnest  desire 
to  give  all  she  possessed  to  her  beloved  cause ;  remembrance  of 
all  her  fellow  workers;  ideas  as  to  memorials  for  herself  and 
others;  regret  that  she  had  not  seen  woman  suffrage  granted; 
messages  to  the  workers  to  be  loyal,  firm  and  persistent ;  hope  for 
a  future  life;  passes  away  on  March  13;  magnificent  eulogies 
of  press  and  people ;  tributes  of  Mayor  Cutler,  President  Strong 
of  Theological  Seminary,  President  Rhees  of  the  University, 
ministers  and  heads  of  organizations^  men  and  women. 


CHAPTER  LXXII. 

The  Funeral  of  America's  Great  Woman.   (1906.) 1429-1445 

In  the  beauty  of  death;  scene  at  home  and  church;  great  out- 
pouring of  people;  10,000  pass  the  bier;  description  of  funeral 
services;  eloquent  prayer  of  Mr.  Gannett;  orations  of  Wm. 
Lloyd  Garrison,  Mrs.  R.  Jerome  Jeffrey,  Mrs.  Carrie  Chapman 
Catt,  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw;  pathetic  occurrences;  last 
rites  at  the  cemetery;  tribute  of  Mrs.  Harriet  Taylor  Upton; 
message  of  Miss  Shaw  to  the  workers. 


CHAPTER  LXXIIL 

Letters,  Resolutions  and  Memorial  Meetings.   (1906.) 1446-1471 

Resolutions  of  New  York  Legislature ;  Rochester  Board  of  Ed- 
ucation ;  Grand  Jury  of  Monroe  County ;  messages  from  all  parts 
of  the  world ;  letters  from  National  Associations  of  Great  Brit- 
ain,  Switzerland,  The  Netherlands,  Germany,  Finland;  Society 
of  American  Women  in  London;  Universal  Peace  Union;  G. 
A.  R.  Department  of  Kansas ;  King's  Daughters  and  Sons ;  Pro- 
hibition Union  of  Christian  Men;  letters  from  distinguished 
men  and  women ;  resolutions  of  Rochester  Alumnae  Association, 
Unitarian  Church,  Women's  Educational  and  Industrial  Union; 


XVI  TABLE   OF   CONTENTS. 

from  many  organizations  of  men  and  women  in  this  and  other 
countries;  memorial  meetings;  Lady  Aberdeen's  eulogy  at  In- 
ternational Council  Executive  in  Paris;  memorial  services  by 
International  Suffrage  Alliance  in  Copenhagen;  gratitude  of 
Australia,  Finland,  Norway,  Sweden  and  other  lands;  Will  of 
Miss  Anthony ;  final  transfer  of  all  property  to  fund  for  woman 
suffrage;  Rochester  women  take  steps  for  a  memorial  building 
on  the  college  campus;  National  Suffrage  Association  arranges 
for  large  memorial  fund ;  memorial  window  in  Rochester  church. 


CHAPTER  LXXIV. 

Editorial  Comment  on  Miss  Anthony's  Life  and  Work.  (1906.)  1472-1487 
General  resume  of  editorial  opinion;  splendid  tribute  to  Miss 
Anthony  and  her  work;  some  adverse  comment;  her  expressed  \ 
"regret"  misunderstood;  her  encouragement  and  faith;  lack  of 
logic  in  discussing  woman  suffrage;  she  did  "convert  her  own 
sex";  quantity  and  quality  of  women  who  favor  it;  small  com- 
fort for  Anti-suffragists;  a  few  mistakes;  she  placed  suffrage 
first;  extracts  from  biographer's  articles  in  Review  of  Reviews, 
North  American  Review,  Collier's,  N.  Y.  Independent,  etc 


CHAPTER  LXXV. 

Death  op  Mary  S.  Anthony;  Closing  of  Old  Home.   (1907.) 1488-1517 

Thirty  years  as  teacher;  vast  amount  of  work  accomplished;  at- 
tended First  Woman's  Rights  Convention;  gradually  led  into 
public  work;  protests  against  taxation  without  representation; 
strong  demand  for  a  true  republic ;  firm  stand  for  coeducation ; 
trips  to  Europe;  loving  testimonials  of  friends;  great  service 
to  sister;  letters  of  S3rmpathy  at  time  of  her  death;  goes  to  help 
in  Oregon  campaign ;  grief  for  loss  of  sister ;  last  illness ;  con- 
stant thought  for  suffrage  work ;  message  to  National  Conven- 
tion; tributes  of  the  press;  eulogies  of  women  at  funeral; 
poems ;  bequests  to  suffrage ;  closing  of  the  old  home. 


APPENDIX. 

Appendix 1519-1609 

Editorial  comment  by  leading  papers  in  all  sections  of  the  coun- 
try on  the  life  of  Miss  Anthony,  the  work  she  accomplished  and 
the  cause  she  represented ;  twelve  poems. 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Vol.  III. 


Susan  B.  Anthony,  in  Her  Eighty-sixth  Year Frontispiece 

The  Anthony  Residence faces  page  1126 

The  Countess  OF  Aberdeen **  "  1142 

Clara  Barton "  "  1172 

Miss  Anthony  in  the  Garnet  Velvet  Dress "  "  1188 

Corner  of  Miss  Anthony's  Study "  "  1200 

Mary  T.  Lewis  Gannett "  "  1224 

Miss  Anthony  Making  an  Argument "  "  1236 

Medaixion  and  Bust **  "  1254 

Elizabeth  Cad Y  Stanton '*  "  1264 

The  Lady  Battersea "  "  1280 

Corner  of  THE  Back  Parlor "  "  1300 

Fraxj  Marie  Strttt "  "  1316 

Corner  OF  THE  Front  Parlor **  "  1346 

Elizabeth  Smith  Miller,  Mary  S.  Anthony  and 

Susan  B.  Anthony "  "  1376 

M.  Carey  Thomas,  President  of  Br3m  Mawr  College "  "  1388 

Mary  Euzabeth  Garrett "  "  1400 

Miss  Anthony's  Last  Picture "  "  1410 

She  Gave  Her  Life  FOR  Woman "  "  1424 

Executors  OF  THE  Anthony  Estates **  "  1464 

National  Woman  Suffrage  Headquarters "  "  1476 

Interior  View  of  Suffrage  Headquarters "  "  1480 

Mary  S.  Anthony,  at  Twenty-five "  "  1490 


(xvii) 


CHAPTER  LI. 


PAGES   FROM   THE  LIFE   OF   A   BUSY   WOMAN. 


1898. 

HE  thread  of  the  story  that  ended  for  awhile  in  the 
preceding  volume  is  taken  up  again  at  the  begin- 
ning of  1898,  which,  compared  to  most  of  the  years 
in  the  strenuous  life  of  Susan  B.  Anthony,  was 
Vquiet  and  uneventful,  filled  to  the  limit  of  waking 
hours  with  tne  usual  activity  but  unmarked  by  any  occurrence  of 
special  public  interest.  The  second  Sunday  of  the  year  she  was 
not  quite  equal  to  braving  the  weather  and  going  to  church,  so, 
according  to  the  little  journal's  entry  for  that  day,  she  "read  the 
papers  and  wrote  twenty-four  letters!'' 

Extended  preparations  were  imder  way  for  the  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  National-American  Woman  Suffrage  Association  in 
Washington,  February  13-19,  which  was  to  celebrate  the  fiftieth 
anniversary  of  the  first  Woman's  Rights  Convention,  that  his- 
toric gathering  in  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y.  In  a  fierce  blizzard  Miss 
Anthony  left  home  February  2,  going  as  far  as  Syracuse,  where 
she  addressed  the  State  Grange  in  the  afternoon.  She  spent  the 
night  with  the  family  of  Mr.  C.  D.  B.  Mills,  as  was  her  custom, 
and  then  went  on  to  New  York  for  a  few  days'  visit  with  Mrs. 
Stanton.  In  the  olden  times  she  always  stopped  en  route  to  con- 
ventions and  carried  this  lady  with  her,  generally  under  much  pro- 
test, but  for  the  past  five  years  Mrs.  Stanton  had  not  been  able 
to  take  the  journey.  Miss  Anthony,  however,  still  made  the  pil- 
grimage to  her  home  and  never  failed  to  bear  away  one  of  Mrs. 
Stanton's  fine  addresses,  which  she  proudly  presented  to  the  con- 
vention and  usually  at  the  hearing  before  the  Congressional  Com- 
Ant.  Ill— I  (nil) 


1 1 12  LIFE  AND   WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1898] 

inittees.  Just  now  she  was  much  disturbed  because  Mrs.  Stan- 
ton, appalled  at  the  flood  of  immigration,  had  repudiated  her 
life-long  demand  for  universal  suffrage,  and  was  advocating  a 
strict  educational  qualification.  Nevertheless,  although  strongly 
opposed  to  this  view.  Miss  Anthony  insisted  that  it  should  have  a 
fair  and  full  presentation. 

Hearing  at  this  time  that  Miss  Frances  E.  Willard  was  very 
ill  at  the  Hotel  Empire  Miss  Anthony  hastened  to  leave  a  mes- 
sage of  love  and  sympathy,  but  when  Miss  Willard  learned  she 
was  there  she  sent  at  once  for  her,  saying,  "It  will  do  my  eyes 
good  to  see  her."  In  speaking  of  the  interview  Miss  Anthony 
said:  "She  seemed  like  an  angel,  so  white  and  frail  one  could 
almost  see  the  spirit,  but  so  bright  and  cheerful  and  so  full  of 
wise  and  helpful  plans,  I  felt  as  if  she  must  recover  and  take  up 
her  splendid  work  again."  But  in  less  than  two  weeks,  while  in 
the  midst  of  the  convention.  Miss  Anthony  received  a  telegram 
from  Anna  Gordon :  "Frances  entered  upon  heavenly  ministries 
at  midnight.*'  A  wreath  of  violets  and  Southern  ivy  was  sent  by 
the  association,  adorned  with  miniatures  of  Miss  Anthony,  Mrs. 
Stanton  and  other  suffrage  leaders,  with  whose  aims  Miss  Wil- 
lard had  been  in  closest  sympathy  for  many  years. 

This  thirtieth  convention,  which  was  the  largest  ever  held  in 
number  of  delegates,  had  been  anticipated  as  a  continuous  love 
feast  and  gala  time,  but  the  week  was  changed  almost  into  one  of 
mourning  by  the  death  of  Miss  Willard  and  the  blowing  up  of 
the  Maine  in  Havana  harbor.  Miss  Anthony  opened  the  meetings 
standing  by  the  old-fashioned,  round,  mahogany  table  on  which 
in  the  parlor  of  the  McClintock  family,  in  the  summer  of  1848, 
the  first  Declaration  of  the  Rights  of  Women  was  written,  and 
which  had  been  brought  from  the  Anthony  home  for  this  occa- 
sion.* She  enumerated  the  demands  in  that  famous  document 
and  called  attention  to  the  significant  fact  that  all  had  now  been 
granted  except  the  suffrage.  The  Evening  Star,  of  Washington, 
said:  "Just  half-a-century  Susan  B.  Anthony  has  been  fighting 
for  suffrage  for  women.  She  looks  no  older  than  that  today  and 

^  History  of  Woman  Suffrage,  Volume  I,  page  67. 


[1898]        PAGES   FROM   THE  LIFE  OF  A   BUSY   WOMAN.  III3 

yet  she  has  passed  the  allotted  space  of  man.  She  comes  of  a 
fighting  family  which  never  says  die,  and  with  moderate  care 
she  looks  to  be  able  to  live  out  the  century  and  fight  to  the  finish." 
Referring  to  the  noted  red  shawl  the  paper  said :  "It  is  silk  crepe 
of  exquisite  fineness,  with  long,  heavy,  knotted  fringe.^  For  full 
thirty  years  Miss  Anthony's  red  shawl  has  been  the  oriflamme  of 
suflfrage  battle.  She  wears  it  with  the  grace  of  a  Spanish  belle. 
A  shawl  is  a  horror  on  most  women.  Miss  Anthony,  with  her 
square,  well-shaped  shoulders  and  soft,  silvery  hair  held  primly 
by  an  antique  tortoise-shell  comb,  gets  just  the  rich  touch  of  color 
necessary  in  that  incarnadined  silk  shawl." 

Another  paper  said  at  this  time:  "Spring  is  not  heralded  in 
Washington  by  the  approach  of  the  robin  red-breast  but  by  the 
appearance  of  Miss  Anthony's  red  shawl."  At  one  session  she 
was  persuaded  to  wear  a  handsome  white  one  and  when  she  ap- 
peared on  the  platform  the  reporters  immediately  sent  her  a  note, 
saying,  "No  red  shawl,  no  report."  Reading  it  aloud  she  said 
with  a  laugh,  "AH  right,  boys,  I'll  send  to  the  hotel  for  it."  This 
she  did  and  as  she  put  it  around  her  shoulders  in  a  graceful  way 
peculiarly  her  own,  the  audience  broke  into  applause  and  the  re- 
porters took  up  their  pencils  with  a  zeal  that  boded  well. 

Pioneers'  Evening  was  to  Miss  Anthony  the  happiest  of  the 
convention  and  her  delightful  qualities  as  presiding  officer  were 
never  more  evident  than  in  "the  roll  call  of  the  years."  As  the 
workers  of  each  decade  were  summoned,  beginning  with  1848, 
and  came  forward  on  the  stage  or  rose  in  the  body  of  the  house, 
she  moved  the  audience  now  to  laughter,  now  to  tears,  by  her 
clever  introductions  or  bits  of  reminiscence. 

Among  the  women  speakers  at  this  convention  were  ministers, 
Editors,  doctors,  (including  the  dean  of  a  Medical  College),  law- 
/yers,  (one  of  them  assistant  attorney-general  of  Montana),  a 
State  senator  from  Utah,  a  representative  from  the  Colorado 
Legislature,  the  State  superintendent  of  public  instruction  from 
Wyoming,   a   State   factory  inspector  from   Illinois,   heads  of 

*The  shawl  which  Miss  Anthony  was  wearing  at  this  time  was  the  gift  of  Miss  Helen 
Mar  Wilson,  of  Philadelphia,  to  whom  it  was  the  most  valued  legacy  of  her  mother,  in 
whose  memory  she  gave  it  to  Miss  Anthony. 


1 1 14  LIFE  AND   WORK  OF  SUSAN   B.   ANTHONY.  [1898] 

/  schools,  college  professors,  colored  women,  (one  a  member  of  the 
Washington  school  board),  and  several  women  from  foreign 
countries/  One  may  imagine  Miss  Anthony's  thoughts  as  she 
looked  upon  this  body  of  women,  illustrating  the  possibilities  of 
education  and  freedom  of  development,  and  remembered  that 
when  she  began  her  work  to  secure  these  for  women,  she  was  met 
on  every  side  with  the  assertion  that  they  were  not  mentally  capa- 
ble of  being  educated  and  that  full  liberty  would  result  in  social 
chaos.  Messages  of  greeting  and  approval  of  the  movement  for 
woman  suffrage  were  sent  to  her  personally  and  to  the  convention 
from  the  Universal  Peace  Union,  the  King's  Daughters  and 
Sons,  National  Councils  of  Women,  and  suffrage  and  other  so- 
cieties in  Canada,  Great  Britain,  The  Netherlands,  Germany, 
Norway,  Sweden,  Finland,  and  from  noted  individuals  in  many 
countries. 

Miss  Anthony  conducted  the  hearing  before  the  House  Ju- 
diciary Committee,  seated  at  the  right  hand  of  its  chairman, 
David  B.  Henderson,  (afterwards  Speaker),  her  group  of  able 
orators  gathered  about  her  and  the  room  crowded  with  women. 
Both  chairman  and  committee  spoke  in  highest  terms  of  the  dig- 
nity and  logic  of  the  addresses  and  seemed  deeply  moved  by  Miss 
Anthony's  own  intense  and  forceful  argument.  Fifteen  of  the 
seventeen  members  were  there  and  she  referred  to  the  early  years 
when  she  had  come  to  the  Capitol  and  made  her  plea  with  only 
two  of  the  committee  present. 

A  touching  incident  of  the  convention  occurred  when  Mrs. 
Isabella  Beecher  Hooker  read  her  scholarly  address  on  United 
States  Citizenship.  Her  once  fine  voice  showed  the  feebleness 
of  age,  and  the  audience,  not  being  able  to  hear,  grew  restless. 
Miss  Anthony  at  once  arose  and  told  them  they  ought  to  be  satis- 
fied just  to  sit  and  look  at  Mrs.  Hooker,  for  to  see  her  was  a  bene- 
diction, but  a  moment  later,  noticing  that  she  was  almost  over- 
come by  the  exertion,  Miss  Anthony  stepped  quickly  to  her  side 
and  put  her  strong  arm  around  the  fragile  form.  At  once  Mrs. 
Hooker  turned  and  pressed  her  lips  to  Miss  Anthony's  cheek, 

^  Extended  personal  mention  is  made  in  accounts  of  conventions.  History  of  Woman 
Suffrage,  Volume  IV. 


[1898]        PAGES    FROM   THE   LIFE   OF  A   BUSY   WOMAN.  III5 

she  gently  returned  the  kiss,  and  a  thrill  of  emotion  swept  over 
the  spectators  at  the  sight  of  these  two  beautiful  old  ladies,  co- 
workers since  their  early  womanhood  and  still  loving  comrades 
in  the  evening  of  life.  As  Mrs.  Hooker  sank  into  a  chair  Miss 
Anthony  turned  to  the  audience  and  in  a  voice  vibrant  with  feel- 
ing exclaimed :  "To  think  that  such  a  woman,  belonging  by  birth 
and  marriage  to  the  most  distinguished  families  in  our  country's 
history,  herself  the  intellectual  peer  of  any  statesman,  should  be 
held  as  a  subject  to  all  classes  of  men — ^yes,  and  with  the  prospect 
of  there  being  added  to  her  rulers  the  Cubans  and  the  Kanakas  of 
the  Sandwich  Islands !  Shame  on  a  government  that  permits  such 
an  outrage!" 

On  Miss  Anthony's  seventy-eighth  birthday  a  handsome  lunch- 
eon was  given  in  her  honor  by  Mrs.  John  R.  McLean,  attended 
by  several  score  of  the  most  prominent  ladies  in  the  social  life 
of  the  national  capital.  It  was  followed  by  a  reception  at  which 
Mrs.  McLean  was  assisted  by  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Ulysses 
S.  Grant.  The  birthday  cake,  three  feet  in  diameter,  on  which 
burned  seventy-eight  wax  tapers,  was  presented  to  Miss  An- 
thony, and,  wreathed  with  flowers,  was  carried  in  state  to  the  con- 
vention, where  it  was  cut  into  slices  that  were  sold  as  souvenirs, 
realizing  $120.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  the  treasury 
of  the  National  Association  was  increased  by  exactly  that  amount. 

A  little  anecdote  will  illustrate  Miss  Anthony's  quaint  remarks 
which  always  kept  the  listeners  on  the  alert  to  know  what  was 
coming  next.  A  grandniece.  Miss  Guelma  Baker,  sang  one  even- 
ing and  was  heartily  encored.  She  finally  came  back  on  the  stage 
and  whispered  to  Miss  Anthony,  who  at  once  turned  to  the  audi- 
ence and  said,  "She  wants  to  know  whether  she  shall  bow  or  sing 
another  song.  I  tell  her  to  sing,  I  can't  see  what  good  it  would 
do  just  to  bow!" 

The  spring  months  of  1898  were  largely  devoted  to  reading 
and  revising  the  chapters  of  the  Biography,  which  had  long 
since  been  irreverently  dubbed  the  "Bog."  These  Miss  Anthony 
went  over  again  and  again,  paragraph  by  paragraph,  line  by  line, 
word  by  word,  and  many  were  the  long  drawn-out  arguments 
when  the  writer  insisted  that  certain  letters  or  statements  must 


IIl6  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1898] 

be  retained  in  order  to  justify  Miss  Anthony's  action  in 
various  matters  or  place  her  in  the  right  on  disputed  questions. 
If  these  reflected  on  someone  else,  if  they  were  likely  to  hurt 
somebody's  feelings,  out  they  must  come  regardless  of  the  con- 
sequences to  herself.  After  one  of  her  own  letters  to  a  prominent 
woman  had  been  discussed  for  hours  she  finally  consented  that 
it  might  remain,  and  the  biographer  went  to  bed  triumphant, 
revelling  in  the  effect  it  would  have  on  the  readers.  The  next 
morning  Miss  Anthony,  looking  pale  and  worried,  said,  "I  didn't 
sleep  a  bit  all  night  thinking  of  that  letter."  It  is  needless  to  say 
that  before  breakfast  it  lost  its  chance  of  going  down  to  poster- 
ity. And  then  the  contest  over  the  names  which  should  be  men- 
tioned! In  vain  the  writer  begged,  expostulated  and  protested 
that  the  book  would  be  swamped  with  them.  "It  is  all  the  re- 
turn I  can  offer  for  the  friendship,  the  hospitality,  the  loyalty  of 
those  who  have  made  it  possible  for  me  to  do  my  work  all  these 
years,"  was  the  unvarying  reply,  and  not  one  could  be  smug- 
gled out  from  under  that  watchful  eye.  In  several  instances 
where  the  writer,  after  an  extended  battle,  was  successful  in  re- 
taining certain  statements  and  sending  them  off  victoriously 
in  the  manuscript,  she  met  defeat  when  the  proof  came  back  and 
the  final  mandate  was  pronounced  to  cut  than  out.  Doubtless  it 
was  wise  but  the  public  lost  some  sensations.* 

Between  the  days  of  proof  reading  in  the  spring  and  summer 
Miss  Anthony  found  time  to  receive  many  visitors,  which  always 
was  a  great  delight  to  her.  Once  when  it  was  gently  suggested 
that  this  involved  much  expense  she  answered:  "My  friends 
helped  me  to  get  nicely  settled  in  a  home  of  my  own  so  that  I 
could  entertain  the  suffrage  workers  when  they  were  passing 
through  Rochester  and  it  is  my  duty  to  do  it."  Of  course  those 
who  had  contributed  to  the  fitting  up  of  the  home  had  had  no 
thought  except  her  personal  comfort,  but  it  was  characteristic 
of  her  to  regard  everything  from  the  altruistic  standpoint,  and 

^  The  next  day  (Sunday)  after  the  manuscript  had  been  shipped  to  the  publishers  Miss 
Anthony  wrote  in  her  diary:  "I  hope  no  one  mentioned  or  not  mentioned  in  the  book 
will  feel  that  there  was  any  willingness  to  be  unjust  to  her;"  and  farther  on:  "It  seems 
as  it  does  after  a  long  sickness,  death  and  funeral  in  the  family — so  still  and  empty- 
handed." 


[1898]        PAGES   FROM   THE  LIFE  OF  A   BUSY   WOMAN.  III7 

for  the  eminent  and  the  obscure  there  was  always  a  welcome  place 
under  this  hospitable  roof. 

During  these  months  when  Miss  Anthony  was  obliged  to  stay 
at  home,  she  gave  brief  talks  to  the  Woman's  and  Ethical  Clubs, 
the  Society  of  the  D.  A.  R.,  the  A.  M.  E.  Conference,  the  Young 
Women's  Christian  Association,  the  National  Suffrage  Con- 
ference that  met  here;  to  educational,  religious,  temperance  and 
many  other  local  organizations,  which  gladly  availed  themselves 
#of  this  opportunity.  On  every  occasion  she  pointed  out  to  the 
[women  that  whatever  the  object  of  their  association  they  could 
.promote  it  with  far  more  success  if  they  possessed  the  great 
power  of  the  ballot,  and  few  there  were  whom  she  did  not  per- 
'suade  to  realize  this  truth. 

In  July  the  State  Teachers'  Convention  met  in  Rochester,  and, 
after  it  was  over.  Miss  Anthony  in  an  interview  in  the  Democrat 
and  Chronicle  referred  to  her  effort  in  1853  to  secure  for  women 
the  right  to  speak  in  these  annual  meetings,  and  expressed  her 
opinion  of  the  present  one  in  these  words :  "I  have  fought  some 
of  the  hardest  battles  of  my  life  for  women  school  teachers,  and 
yet  many  of  these  of  today  know  little  of  what  was  done  for 
them  in  those  early  years.  They  appear  to  be  lacking  in  spirit 
and  content  to  occupy  subordinate  positions;  they  do  not  seem 
to  have  the  ambition  to  sustain  their  rights.  On  the  program  of 
this  convention  not  a  woman's  name  appeared  for  the  principal 
meetings.  Not  an  address  was  made  by  a  woman  and  not  at  one 
where  I  was  present  did  I  hear  a  woman's  voice  raised  on  any 
question.  There  were  ten  women  to  one  man,  and  yet  the  men 
ran  the  convention  to  suit  themselves  and  took  the  credit  for 
whatever  was  or  had  been  done.  The  women,  to  be  sure,  were 
on  the  programs  and  managed  the  meetings  of  the  side  shows, 
but  that  is  all  they  did  do."  This  interview  created  almost  as 
much  of  a  panic  as  did  Miss  Anthony's  noted  speech  at  the  con- 
vention of  forty-five  years  before  in  this  very  city. 

Among  the  few  letters  of  this  year  in  existence  was  found  a 
draft  of  one  which  evidently  was  undertaken  in  answer  to  a  re- 
quest from  some  college  girls  for  the  name  of  her  favorite  cake 


IIl8  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.   ANTHONY.  [1898] 

and  a  recipe  for  making  it.   It  was  filled  with  erasures  and  inter- 
linings  and  read  as  follows  : 

Dear  Junior  Girls:  My  favorite  cake  is  the  old-fashioned  sponge,  made 
of  eggs,  the  whites  lashed  to  a  stiff  froth,  the  yolks  beaten  thoroughly 
with  cups  of  pulverized  sugar,  a  pinch  of  salt,  a  slight  flavor  of  almond. 
Into  these  stir  cups  of  flour — ^first  a  little  flour,  then  a  little  of  the  white 
froth — and  pour  the  foaming  batter  into  a  dish  with  a  bit  of  white  buttered  pa- 
per in,  the  bottom.  Clap  into  a  rightly  tempered  oven  as  quickly  as  possible 
and  take  out  exactly  at  the  proper  minute,  when  it  is  baked  just  enough  to  hold 
itself  up  to  its  highest  and  best  estate.  Then  don*t  cut,  but  break  it  carefully, 
and  the  golden  sponge  is  fit  for  the  gods.    .    .    . 

Well,  the  dickens  is  to  pay — I  can  not  find  the  old  cook  book — so  just  put 
in  any  good  sponge  cake  recipe  for  me,  and  then  add:  "It  matters  not  how 
good  the  recipe  or  the  ingredients  may  be,  the  cake  will  not  be  good  unless 
there  is  a  lot  of  common  sense  mixed  in  with  the  stir  of  the  spoon !"  Lovingly 
yours. 

There  was  another  letter,  written  to  the  Union  Signal,  org^n 
of  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union,  in  which  Miss 
Anthony  requested  them  to  remove  her  naitie  from  the  list  of 
regular  contributors,  where  she  had  just  learned  that  it  had  been 
placed,  and  said:  "I  want  to  stand  for  woman  suffrage  alone. 
If  I  knew  that  the  majority  of  women  would  vote  against  tem- 
perance and  social  purity  and  all  other  reforms,  I  should  still 
work  to  secure  the  ballot  for  them.  I  do  not  ask  it  wholly  be- 
cause of  the  good  I  hope  they  will  do  with  it,  but  because  it  is 
their  right,  and  I  demand  it  for  the  low  as  well  as  for  the  high." 
Miss  Anthony  always  held  that,  while  some  would  undoubtedly 
misuse  the  ballot,  women  in  general  would  reach  a  higher  de- 
velopment through  freedom  and  responsibility,  and  as  a  means 
to  this  end  the  suffrage  was  of  the  highest  importance.  She  never 
swerved  from  the  position  that  it  was  a  citizen's  right  without 
regard  to  the  use  that  would  be  made  of  it,  but  she  held  an  ab- 
solute belief  that  the  vote  of  women,  taken  as  a  whole,  would 
result  in  a  vast  improvement  of  conditions. 

Every  year  now  recorded  the  death  of  old  friends.  Mrs.  Ma- 
tilda Joslyn  Gage  passed  away  March  i8.  Miss  Anthony  and  she 
had  been  co-workers  long  before  the  Civil  War;  at  the  time  of 
the  famous  trial  for  voting,  and  again  in  the  preparation  of  the 


[1898]        PAGES   FROM   THE  LIFE   OF  A   BUSY   WOMAN.  III9 

History  of  Woman  Suflfrage,  Mrs.  Gage  had  g^ven  invaluable 
assistance,  and  in  a  published  interview  Miss  Anthony  paid  high 
tribute  to  her  great  ability.  In  July  she  received  a  telegram  an- 
nouncing the  death  of  Parker  Pillsbury  in  his  eighty-ninth  year. 
"Samuel  May,  Jr.,  is  now  the  only  one  left  of  the  old  Anti- 
Slavery  Committee,"  she  wrote  in  her  journal.  "It  seems  as  if 
I  must  go  on  to  Concord  to  be  with  his  dear  daughter,  now  left 
entirely  alone,  but  here  I  must  stay  and  work  on  this  book  just 
as  I  had  to  when  they  laid  Robert  Purvis  to  rest."  And  after- 
wards she  wrote :  "I  have  just  read  the  funeral  oration  by  Wil- 
liam Lloyd  Garrison ;  it  was  worthy  of  his  royal  father  and  well 
merited  by  Parker  Pillsbury's  life  and  work."  Readers  of  the 
preceding  volumes  know  how  closely  associated  with  these  she 
herself  had  been  in  the  ante-bellum  days,  in  the  early  contest  for 
the  rights  of  women  and  in  the  publishing  of  her  paper.  The 
Revolution, 

On  May  22  Miss  Anthony  wrote  in  her  diary :  "Mr.  Gannett's 
text  today  was  'Gladstone,  England's  Grand  Old  Man.'  He  eulo- 
gized him  as  the  champion  of  emancipation  and  extension  of  the 
suffrage,  but  ignored  the  sad  fact  that  he  set  his  face  against  the 
enfranchisement  of  one-half  of  England's  people,  and  when  a 
petition  of  more  than  a  quarter-of-a-million  asked  it  of  Parlia- 
ment, the  great  Commoner  went  out  with  the  opposition.  Grant- 
ing all  that  he  was  for  English  and  Irish  men  he  was  far  from 
a  Liberal  towards  the  women  of  the  nation." 

In  August  Miss  Anthony  went  for  a  little  visit  to  Sherwood,  in 
the  lovely  old  home  of  Miss  Emily  Howland,  and  on  the  25th 
she  made  a  half-hour's  address  at  the  Farmers'  festival  in  Center 
Grove  with  fully  a  thousand  people  present. 

The  proof-reading  at  last  was  finished,  and,  feeling  as  if  she 
had  escaped  from  prison.  Miss  Anthony  started  September  22 
for  the  Maine  Suffrage  Convention.  She  stopped  on  the  way  for 
a  much  enjoyed  visit  with  relatives  at  North  Adams,  Mass.,  her 
birthplace,  and  the  neighboring  village  of  Cheshire,  and  then  went 
through  the  beautiful  valley  of  the  Deerfield  river  to  Boston  and 
on  to  Portland.  Here  she  was  the  guest  of  Miss  Charlotte  J. 
Thomas  for  a  few  days  and  then  they  went  to  the  convention  at 


II20  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1898] 

Hampden  Comers.  It  was  held  in  the  town  hall  and  she  had  a 
most  cordial  reception,  but  her  greatest  pleasure  was  the  five 
days'  visit  with  her  much  loved  friend,  Mrs.  Jane  H.  Spofford, 
who  had  entertained  her  for  so  many  winters  when  hostess  of 
the  Riggs  House  in  Washington.  On  her  way  back  she  stopped 
in  Concord,  N.  H.,  at  the  Pillsbury  home,  to  visit  the  daughter, 
Mrs.  Helen  P.  Coggeswell,  and  her  old  coworker,  Mrs.  Ar- 
menia S.  White,  and  spoke  in  the  Universalist  Church.  In  Bos- 
ton she  called  at  the  Woman's  Journal  office,  had  luncheon  with 
Frank  P.  Garrison,  took  her  train,  was  delayed  by  washouts  and 
did  not  reach  home  until  one  o'clock  the  next  afternoon.  Here 
she  dined,  bathed,  dressed  and  presented  herself  at  three  o'clock 
at  a  committee  meeting  to  discuss  the  opening  of  Rochester  Uni- 
versity to  women,  just  as  wide-awake,  alert  and  full  of  vigor  as 
if  she  were  twenty-eight  instead  of  seventy-eight. 

A  week  later,  October  15,  Miss  Anthony  started  westward  for 
the  State  conventions  of  Missouri,  Iowa,  Kansas  and  Nebraska. 
In  Chicago,  where  she  was  the  guest  of  Mrs.  Emily  Gross,  she 
went  to  hear  President  McKinley.  "The  streets  were  all  deco- 
rated with  arches  and  banners,"  she  wrote  in  her  journal  that 
night,  "but  not  on  one  of  them  nor  in  any  of  the  speeches  was 
there  the  name  of  a  woman ;  all  was  for  the  glorification  of  man !" 
She  presided  at  the  business  meetings  and  spoke  at  the  conven- 
tion in  St.  Joseph,  Missouri;  then,  with  Mrs.  Carrie  Chapman 
Catt,  went  on  to  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa.  The  Kansas  convention 
was  held  in  Paola.  Here  she  met  Mrs.  J.  Ellen  Foster,  who  was 
canvassing  the  state  for  the  Republicans,  and  recorded  in  her 
diary :  "She  was  asking  the  women  to  work  for  the  party  that 
voted  against  their  enfranchisement  in  1894." 
r  After  the  convention  Miss  Anthony  returned  to  Omaha,  where 
/  the  Exposition  was  in  progress,  met  the  Reverend  Anna  Howard 
[  Shaw  and  Mrs.  May  Wright  Sewall,  and  remained  for  a  week's 
session  of  the  National  Council  of  Women.  One  afternoon  she 
attended  a  Congress  of  the  Liberal  Religions  to  hear  Rabbi 
Hirsch,  Dr.  H.  W.  Thomas  and  the  Rev.  Jenkyn  Lloyd  Jones ; 
they  called  her  to  the  platform  and  she  spoke  briefly.  Later  she 
addressed  a  large  meeting  of  the  Jewish  Women's  Council. 


(i 


[1898]        PAGES   FROM   THE  LIFE   OF  A   BUSY   WOMAN.  1 121 

At  this  time  the  country  was  much  stirred  over  the  large 
number  of  deaths  from  disease  among  the  soldiers  in  the  Spanish- 
American  War  because  of  the  incompetency  pi  the  officers,  as 
shown  in  the  location  of  camps  and  in  the  inferior  quality  of  food 
provided.  In  an  address  before  a  large  audience  Mrs.  Foster 
defended  the  administration  of  the  officers,  particularly  Surgeon- 
General  Sternberg.  She  was  wildly  applauded  because  pf  the 
patriotic  sentiment  inspired  by  any  allusion  to  the  nation,  the  flag, 
the  war  and  everything  connected  with  them.  At  its  close  Miss 
Anthony  sprang  to  her  feet,  and  in  an  impassioned  speech  boldly 
charged  the  Government  and  army  officials  with  incompetency 
and  neglect  of  duty.  At  first  she  was  coldly  received,  but  as  she 
sketched  the  going  forth  from  home  of  the  young  men,  the  unsan- 
itary camps  they  were  forced  to  occupy,  the  greed  and  graft  of 
the  men  who  provided  them  with  unwholesome  food  and  the 
sickness  and  death  which  resulted,  the  people  began  to  realize  the 
truth  of  what  she  said.  Soon  they  were  intensely  moved,  and, 
as  she  pictured  the  agony  of  the  mothers  at  home  and  their  power- 
lessness  to  change  these  conditions,  a  great  wave  of  enthusiasm 
swept  over  the  audience  and  she  had  to  wait  for  the  applause  to 
subside.  At  last  turning  to  Mrs.  Foster  she  said:  "I  am  not 
denying  that  your  doctor  is  a  great  bacteriologist,  that  he  knows 
all  about  germs  and  such  things,  but  what  I  am  saying  is  that  he 
does  not  know  how  to  look  after  boys.  There  isn't  a  mother  in 
the  land  who  would  not  know  that  a  shipload  of  typhoid-stricken 
soldiers  would  need  cots  to  lie  on  and  food  to  eat  and  fuel  to  cook 
it  with,  and  that  a  swamp  was  not  a  desirable  place  in  which  to 
pitch  a  camp.  To  make  the  crime  more  atrocious  there  was  high 
and  dry  ground  within  easy  reach  where  cities  were  near  enough 
to  supply  every  necessity.  Such  an  outrage  against  the  loyal, 
courageous  men  who  offered  their  lives  in  defence  of  their  coun- 
try cannot  be  too  severely  censured.  What  the  government  needs 
at  such  a  time  is  not  alone  bacteriologists  and  army  v  officers  but 
also  women  who  know  how  to  take  care  of  sick  boys^and  have 
the  common  sense  to  surround  them  with  sanitary  conditions." 

The  papers  and  the  people  commended  the  courage  which  had 
impelled  Miss  Anthony  thus  to  voice  the  indignation  that  was 


1 1 22  LIFE  AND   WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.   ANTHONY.  [1898] 

SO  widely  felt.  She  always  spoke  what  seemed  to  her  the  truth, 
regardless  of  praise  or  blame,  and  no  one  ever  catered  less  to 
popular  sentiment. 

An  entry  in  the  diary,  December  2,  said :  "Our  dear  mother's 
105th  birthday  and  the  39th  anniversary  of  the  hanging  of  John 
Brown!  And  this  morning  Corinthian  Hall  burned — ^the  dear, 
old  hall  in  which  in  times  past  so  many  great  men  and  women 
presented  their  highest  thoughts  to  Rochester's  best  people — 
Phillips  and  Garrison,  Beecher  and  Curtis,  Mrs.  Stanton,  Er- 
nestine L.  Rose,  Lucy  Stone,  Frances  D.  Gage,  Clarina  Howard 
Nichols — and  here  we  formed  the  first  State  Woman's  Temper- 
ance Society  in  1852."  Among  other  incidents  of  the  month  she 
noted  that  she  assisted  Mrs.  Sewall  to  form  a  local  Council  of 
Women  in  Rochester ;  that  she  became  a  charter  member  of  the 
George  Washington  Memorial  Association;  that  she  was  guest 
of  honor  at  the  reception  of  the  Educational  and  Industrial 
Union;  that  she  talked  to  the  girls  of  the  public  schools;  that 
she  signed  one  thousand  letters  asking  subscriptions  to  the 
work  of  the  National  Suffrage  Association;  that  she  enter- 
tained the  Political  Equality  Club ;  that  she  wrote  her  name  and 
an  inscription  in  seventy  sets  of  her  Biography  for  friends.  It 
is  only  by  specific  mention  that  one  can  realize  the  constant 
occupation  of  this  busy  and  useful  life  which  never  had  an  idle 
or  a  wasted  moment,  and  never  knew  cessation  of  its  varied 
activities  until  after  these  had  extended  through  more  than  four- 
score years. 


CHAPTER  LII. 


( 


MEDIEVAL     JOURNALISM — WOMEN     IN     OUR     NEW     POSSESSIONS. 

1899. 

ANY  times  in  preparing  the  first  two  of  these  vol- 
umes the  writer  said  to  Miss  Anthony,  "O,  if  you 
ever  had  stayed  at  home  and  done  nothing  for  one 
year,  or  even  for  one  month,  what  a  relief  it  would 
be  to  your  biographer !"  But  as  the  years  went  on 
I  the  days  became  more  and  more  crowded  and  the  interim  be- 
lt ween  journeys  less  and  less. 

On  New  Year's  Day  of  1899  Miss  Anthony  started  for  New 
York  where  she  was  met  by  Mr.  George  W.  Catt  and  accom- 
panied to  his  home  in  Bensonhurst-by-the-Sea.  Here  the  Busi- 
ness Committee  of  the  National  Suffrage  Association,  as  guests 
of  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt,  were  to  have  a  four  days'  meeting.  As 
there  was  a  strong  spirit  of  harmony  and  fellowship  among  the 
members  of  this  committee,  their  meetings  were  always  greatly 
enjoyed  and  the  pleasure  of  this  one  was  much  enhanced  by  the 
hospitality  of  this  beautiful  home.  At  its  close  Miss  Anthony 
returned  to  New  York  and  consiunmated  a  plan  she  had  long 
cherished  for  having  a  department  devoted  to  suffrage  in  one  of 
the  metropolitan  dailies.  She  arranged  with  Mr.  Paul  Dana, 
editor  of  the  Sun,  for  two  columns  in  the  Sunday  edition  of  that 
widely  circulated  paper,  which  were  filled  by  the  present  writer 
for  five  years — until  Mr.  Dana  transferred  the  journal  to  other 
hands.  Mrs.  Stanton,  as  well  as  Miss  Anthony,  took  the  keenest 
interest  in  this  department — ^The  Cause  of  Woman — and  both 
continually  sent  information,  suggestions  and  helpful  criticism. 
Theodore  Roosevelt  was  at  this  time  Governor  of  New  York, 

(1123) 


1 1 24  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

and,  as  he  had  recommended  a  woman  suffrage  bill  to  the  Legis- 
lature, it  was  decided  to  present  him  with  a  copy  of  Miss  An- 
thony's Biography,  in  which  she  was  asked  to  write  an  inscrip- 
tion. This  she  did  as  follows :  "To  Governor  and  Mrs.  Roose- 
velt: It  is  with  pleasure  that  I  comply  with  the  request  of  the 
Political  Equality  Club  of  my  city  to  inscribe  on  this  fly-leaf 
what  should  be  the  aim  of  every  true  patriot,  viz:  to  establish 
for  women  perfect  equality  of  rights  with  men— civil  and  polit- 
ical— ^in  every  State  of  the  Union,  and  to  make  our  Stars  and 
Stripes,  over  whatever  outlying  possessions  they  may  float,  carry 
to  the  people  thereof  *equal  rights  for  all,'  irrespective  of  race, 
creed  or  sex.  With  highest  respect  and  admiration." 

What  an  interesting  chapter  it  would  make  if  all  the  inscrip- 
tions Miss  Anthony  wrote  in  History  and  Biography  could  be 
collected — ^such  delicious  touches  of  humor,  quaint  bits  of  philos- 
ophy, strong  words  of  wisdom  and  admonition,  tender  ones  of 
love  and  friendship !  No  edition  de  luxe  which  may  be  issued  by 
an  admiring  posterity  can  have  the  priceless  value  of  those  en- 
riched by  the  tracing  of  her  own  pen. 

Miss  Anthony  was  interviewed  by  the  New  York  Herald, 
during  this  winter,  in  regard  to  some  notoriously  unjust  dis- 
criminations which  had  recently  been  made  against  women  in 
the  educational  and  business  world,  with  little  concealment  of 
the  fact  that  it  was  because  men  were  beginning  to  fear  their 
competition.  She  said  no  more  than  the  circumstances  justified, 
and  closed  with  the  opinion  that,  if  the  coming  generation  of 
men  did  not  change  some  of  their  habits,  women  would  surpass 
them  not  only  mentally  but  also  physically.  For  many  years 
she  had  been  treated  with  much  respect  by  the  press  and  its 
billingsgate  of  the  past  seemed  to  have  dropped  into  oblivion. 
These  remarks,  however,  aroused  the  ire  of  the  Memphis  Scim- 
itar, and  it  began  an  abusive  editorial  of  a  column  as  follows : 

Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony,  we  are  very  much  more  than  pleased  to  observe, 
is  again  before  the  footlights.  We  had  sighed  for  Susan  through  the  many 
long  and  weary  moons  of  her  beautiful  silence — for  of  all  the  beautiful  things 
about  Susan  her  silence  is  the  most  artistically  and  acceptably  beautiful — even 
as  the  heart  panteth  after  the  brook   .   .   .   But,  behold !  she  hath  arisen,  and 


[1899]  WOMEN   IN   OUR   NEW    POSSESSIONS.  II25 

she  returns  to  the  old  warpath  with  a  pair  of  sound  lungs  and  a  healthy  and 
well-developed  desire  to  see  her  name  in  print,  and  re-engages  in  the  crusade 
against  her  hideous  former  foe,  the  bifurcated  beast,  the  braggart  brute,  the 
miserable  and  melodramatic  monster — Man.  Madly  she  snatches  the  veil  from 
the  face  of  her  maidenly  reserve,  launches  the  gunboat  of  her  vengeance,  un- 
corks the  bottle  of  her  wrath,  and  goes  after  this  heinous  wretch  in  a  way 
that  would  make  doughty  Aguinaldo  himself  quake  with  perceptible  fear  and 
arouse  a  flame  of  admiration  in  the  breast  of  Colonel  Quixote  sufficient  to 
justify  the  calling  of  the  fire  department.  Yes,  Susan  is  on  tap  with  a 
vengeance,  and  the  slight,  spare-made  tyrant  who  has  lorded  it  so  long  over 
her  oppressed  and  unfortunate  sex  would  do  well  to  take  wings  and  fly  to 
tall  timber— for  Susan  is  an  avenger  worthy  of  note. 

This  was  copied  in  full  on  the  editorial  page  of  the  Birming- 
ham News.     (February  ii,  1899.) 

Miss  Anthony  went  to  Washington  on  February  10  for  the 
triennial  of  the  National  Council  of  Women.  It  was  the  week 
of  the  never-to-be-forgotten  blizzard,  when  street  traffic  was 
practically  suspended,  but  she  missed  very  few  sessions.  She 
forbade  any  attempt  to  celebrate  her  birthday,  however,  but  the 
friends  who  were  there  presented  her,  through  Mrs.  Rachel  Fos- 
ter Avery,  with  a  generous  check.  After  the  Council  closed  she 
attended  a  reception  given  in  the  Corcoran  Art  Gallery  by  the 
Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution  which,  she  noted  in  her 
journal,  "was  a  perfect  jam  of  splendid  dresses."  The  next 
evening  she  went  to  a  colored  women's  club  at  Mrs.  Mary 
Church  Terrell's,  in  which  she  found  much  more  enjoyment. 

A  stop  was  always  made  in  Philadelphia,  when  Miss  Anthony 
went  to  or  from  Washington,  for  a  visit  to  the  Rev.  Anna  How- 
ard Shaw,  Mrs.  Avery,  and  the  nieces.  Miss  Lucy  E.  Anthony 
and  Mrs.  Helen  Mosher  James.  During  her  stay  this  time  she 
addressed  the  New  Century  Club.  This  winter  as  usual  she 
went  to  New  York  to  talk  things  over  with  Mrs.  Stanton,  and, 
as  for  many  years,  she  was  the  guest  of  her  cousin,  Mrs.  Seman- 
tha  V.  Lapham,  who  sent  her  each  day  in  the  carriage  across 
Central  Park  to  Mrs.  Stanton's  home.  Just  now  the  two  were 
working  diligently  over  letters  of  protest  to  Congress  in  regard 
to  the  proposed  injustice  toward  the  women  of  Hawaii. 

On  March  7  Miss  Anthony  continued  her  journey  to  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  to  be  present  at  the  State  Suffrage  Convention,  and 


1 126  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

was  delightfully  entertained  in  the  fine,  old  home  of  Mrs.  Isa- 
bella Beecher  Hooker.  She  addressed  the  convention  and  at- 
tended the  legislative  hearing  at  the  Capitol  on  a  municipal 
woman  suffrage  bill.  When  at  last  she  arrived  home,  March  13, 
she  was,  as  usual,  "appalled  at  the  huge  pile  of  letters"  but 
attacked  them  with  might  and  main.  Her  brother.  Col.  D.  R. 
Anthony,  of  Leavenworth,  Kas.,  coming  a  few  days  later,  every- 
thing was  cast  aside  and  she  gave  herself  up  to  the  luxury  of 
"visiting"  from  early  morning  until  late  at  night.  "It  was 
snowing  and  blowing  so  hard,"  the  journal  said,  "that  we  could 
not  go  out,  so  we  sat  with  Sister  Mary  by  an  open  fire  and  never 
had  as  quiet  and  pleasant  a  time,  as  always  before  we  were  both 
in  a  hurry  but  now  both  felt  at  leisure." 

The  diary  recorded  that  on  the  22nd  Miss  Anthony  was  strug- 
gling with  an  article  on  the  International  Council  of  Women  for 
the  New  York  World.  She  went  to  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  on  the  27th 
and  addressed  a  large  audience,  but  from  fatigue  or  some  other 
cause  she  "had  not  a  free  minute  in  the  whole  hour."  It  was  one 
of  those  experiences  which  she  sometimes  had  when  it  was  sim- 
ply impossible  for  her  to  make  a  speech,  and,  as  she  never  used 
even  notes,  she  was  entirely  helpless.  She  wrote  in  her  journal, 
"My  failure  was  followed  by  an  all  night's  sleeplessness  and  the 
memory  of  it  was  worse  than  a  nightmare."  Afterwards  she 
heard  that  some  one  said,  "Miss  Anthony  thought  that  anything 
from  her  would  do  on  account  of  her  great  reputation,"  and  she 
wrote:  "I  was  crushed  with  the  fact  of  my  failure  before,  but 
to  have  it  ascribed  to  that  cause  is  a  blow  too  cruel.  I  always 
feel  my  incapacity  to  give  a  *set'  address — I  can  when  in  the 
best  condition  make  a  few  remarks,  but  a  sustained  speech  was, 
is  and  always  will  be  an  impossibility.  Alas,  that  the  friends 
will  forever  press  me  into  a  position  where  I  must  attempt  it !" 
Readers  of  the  preceding  volumes  and  those  who  heard  Miss 
Anthony  at  her  best  will  understand  how  mistaken  she  was  in 

^this  estimate  of  her  abilities,  but  she  always  insisted  that  she 
had  not  the  power  of  oratory,  that  her  strength  lay  in  organiz- 

;  ing,  presiding,  raising  money  and  keeping  other  people  at  work. 
An  entry  in  the  journal,  April  14,  said,  "Sister  Mary  and  the 


Copyright,  Frances  Benjamin  Johnston. 

THE  ANTHONY  HOME. 

Miss  Anthony  in  thb  Door. 


[1899]  WOMEN   IN   OUR   NEW   POSSESSIONS,  112/ 

maid  cleaning  house  while  I  am  agonizing  over  points  for  my 
speech  at  Grand  Rapids." 

After  opposing  it  for  many  years  Miss  Anthony  had  yielded 
to  the  demand  for  holding  the  alternate  national  conventions  in 
various  cities,  but  she  never  was  entirely  satisfied  with  the  plan. 
Under  the  date  in  her  diary  when  this  one  was  to  open  in  Grand 
Rapids  she  wrote:  "The  31st — ^it  used  to  be  annual  Washington 
convention — ^now  it  is  only  the  annual  convention  of  the  Na- 
tional Association,"  It  opened  April  27  in  the  handsome  Saint 
Cecilia  club  house  and  was  welcomed  by  the  presidents  of  many 
organizations  of  women.  In  the  course  of  her  response  Miss 
Anthony  said: 

Since  our  last  convention  the  area  of  disfranchisement  in  the  possessions  of 
the  United  States  has  been  greatly  enlarged.  Our  nation  has  undertaken  to 
furnish  provisional  governments  for  Hawaii,  the  Philippine  Islands,  Cuba  and 
Porto  Rico.  Hitherto  the  settlers  of  new  Territories  have  been  permitted 
to  frame  their  own  government,  which  was  ratified  by  Congress,  but  today 
Congress  itself  assumes  the  prerogative  of  making  the  laws  for  the  newly- 
acquired  Territories.  When  those  in  the  West  were  organized  there  had  been 
no  practical  example  of  universal  suffrage  in  any  of  the  older  States,  hence 
it  might  be  pardonable  for  their  settlers  to  ignore  the  right  of  the  women 
associated  with  them  to  a  voice  in  their  government. 

But  to-day,  after  fifty  years'  continuous  agitation  of  the  right  of  women  to 
vote,  and  after  the  demand  has  been  conceded  in  one-half  the  States  in  the 
management  of  the  public  schools;  after  one  State  has  added  to  that  the 
management  of  its  cities;  and  after  four  States  have  granted  women  the 
full  vote— the  universal  reports  show  that  the  exercise  of  the  suffrage  by 
women  has  added  to  their  influence,  increased  the  respect  of  men,  and  ele- 
vated the  moral,  social  and  political  conditions  of  their  respective  common- 
wealths. With  those  object  lessons  before  Congress,  it  would  seem  that  no 
member  could  be  so  blind  as  not  to  see  it  the  duty  of  that  body  to  have  the 
governments  of  our  new  possessions  founded  on  the  principle  of  equal  rights, 
privileges  and  immunities  for  all  the  people,  women  included.  I  hope  this 
convention  will  devise  some  plan  for  securing  a  strong  expression  of  public 
sentiment  on  this  question,  to  be  presented  to  the  Fifty-sixth  Congress,  which 
is  to  convene  on  the  first  Monday  of  December  next 

During  the  reconstruction  period  and  the  discussion  of  the  negro's  right  to 
vote.  Senator  Blaine  and  others  opposed  the  counting  of  all  the  negroes  in 
the  basis  of  representation,  instead  of  the  old-time  three-fifths,  because  they 
saw  that  to  do  so  would  greatly  increase  the  power  of  the  white  men  of  the 
South  on  the  floor  of  Congress.  Therefore  the  Republican  leaders  insisted 
upon  the  Fourteenth  and  Fifteenth  Amendments  to  secure  the  ballot  to  negro 
men.    Only  one  generation  has  passed  and  yet  nearly  all  of  the  Southern 

Ant.  111—2 


1 1 28  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

States  have  by  one  device  or  another  succeeded  in  excluding  from  the  ballot- 
box  very  nearly  the  entire  negro  vote,  openly  and  defiantly  declaring  their 
intention  to  secure  the  absolute  supremacy  of  the  white  race,  but  there  is  not 
a  suggestion  on  their  part  of  allowing  the  citizens  to  whom  they  deny  the 
right  of  suffrage  to  be  counted  out  from  the  basis  of  representation.  Some  of 
the  northern  newspapers  have  been  growing  indignant  upon  the  subject,  de- 
claring that  one  vote  in  South  Carolina  counts  more  than  two  votes  in  New 
York  in  the  election  of  the  President  and  the  House  of  Representatives.  It 
seems  to  me  that  a  still  greater  violation  of  the  principle  of  "the  consent  of 
the  governed"  is  practiced  in  all  the  States  of  the  Union  where  women,  though 
disfranchised,  are  yet  counted  in  the  basis  of  representation,  and  I  think  the 
time  has  come  when  this  association  should  make  a  most  strenuous  demand 
for  an  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  forbidding  any 
State  thus  to  count  disfranchised  citizens. 

Referring  to  some  of  the  disappointments  of  the  year  Miss 
;  Anthony  continued :   "None  of  these  so-called  defeats  ought  to 
.'  discourage  us  in  the  slightest  degree.    Our  enemies,  the  women 
"  remonstrants,  may  comfort  themselves  with  the  thought  that 
the  liquor  interest  has  joined  in  their  efforts,  but  we  surely  can 
solace  ourselves  with  the  fact  that  the  very  best  men  voted  in 
favor  of  allowing  women  to  exercise  their  right  to  a  voice  in  the 
'  conditions  of  home  and  State.    So  we  have  nothing  to  fear  but 
\  everything  to  gain  by  going  forward  with  renewed  faith  to  agi- 
tate the  question  and  educate  the  public,  until  the  vast  majority 
j  of  men  and  women  are  thoroughly  grounded  in  the  great  princi- 
[ple  of  political  equality.''     Then  dropping  into  the  conversa- 
tional style  that  her  audiences  liked  she  said:    "I  thank  you, 
friends,  for  your  cordial  words  of  welcome.    We  are  glad  to 
come  here.  I  always  feel  a  certain  kinship  to  Michigan  since  the 
constitutional  amendment  campaign  of  1874,  in  which  I  assisted. 
I  remember  that  I  went  across  one  city  on  a  dray,  the  only 
vehicle  I  could  secure,  in  order  to  catch  a  train.     A  newspaper 
said  next  day :  That  ancient  daughter  of  Methuselah,  Susan  B. 
Anthony,  passed  through  our  city  last  night,   with  a  bonnet 
looking  as  if  she  had  just  descended  from  Noah's  Ark.'    Now 
if  Susan  B.  Anthony  had  represented  votes,  that  young  political 
editor  would  not  have  cared  if  she  were  the  oldest  or  youngest 
daughter  of  Methuselah,  or  whether  her  bonnet  came  from  the 
Ark  or  from  the  most  fashionable  man  milliner's." 


[1899]  WOMEN   IN   OUR    NEW    POSSESSIONS.  1 1 29 

Later  when  a  Colorado  woman  spoke  of  her  own  possession 
of  the  suffrage  Miss  Anthony  said:  "I  am  glad  you  have  it. 
We  are  not  working  for  ourselves  alone  and  that  is  one  reason 
why  our  society  does  not  grow  as  fast  as  some  others."  In  re- 
ferring to  the  effort  in  behalf  of  the  Hawaiian  women,  she  said : 
"We  are  told  that  it  will  be  of  no  use  for  us  to  ask  this  measure 
of  justice — ^that  the  ballot  be  given  to  the  women  of  our  new 
possessions  on  the  same  terms  as  to  the  men — because  we  shall 
not  get  it  It  is  not  our  business  whether  we  shall  get  it;  our 
business  is  to  make  the  demand.  Suppose  during  these  fifty 
years  we  had  asked  only  for  what  we  thought  we  could  secure, 
where  should  we  be  now?  Ask  for  the  whole  loaf  and  take 
what  you  can  get."  She  urged  all  women  to  make  an  effort  for 
the  suffrage  and  inquired,  "Why  is  it  the  duty  of  the  little  hand- 
ful on  this  platform  to  be  working  and  talking  for  the  enfran- 
chisement of  women  any  more  than  that  of  all  of  you  who  are 
sitting  here?  Every  woman  can  do  something  for  the  cause. 
She  who  is  true  to  it  at  her  own  fireside,  who  speaks  the  right 
word  to  her  guests,  her  family  and  her  neighbors,  does  an  educa- 
tional work  as  valuable  as  the  woman  who  speaks  from  the  plat- 
form." And  to  the  charge  of  "abusing  the  men"  she  answered, 
"We  have  not  been  fighting  the  'male'  citizen  anywhere  but  in 
the  statute  books." 

On  Sunday  evening  Miss  Anthony  spoke  in  the  Fountain 
Street  Baptist  Church  on  The  Moral  Influence  of  Women.  The 
entry  in  the  journal  that  night  said:  "In  the  afternoon  I  tried 
hard  to  get  a  nap  but  was  too  anxious  to  sleep.  There  was  a 
packed  audience,  mostly  bonnets,  so  it  looked  like  a  flower  gar- 
den from  the  pulpit.  I  succeeded  better  than  I  had  hoped — ^tried 
to  show  them  that  woman's  moral  influence  to  be  effective  must 
have  the  political  backing  of  the  vote."  The  next  evening  she 
addressed  the  convention  on  The  Power  of  the  Ballot  in  Munici- 
pal Elections. 

While  in  Grand  Rapids  Miss  Anthony  was  the  guest  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Deloss  A.  Blodgett,  who  gave  several  social  functions 
in  her  honor  and  also  entertained  the  Business  Committee. 

The  convention  was  largely  occupied  with  the  constitution 


1 130  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

/  which  Congress  had  prepared  for  the  proposea  new  Territory  of 

/  Hawaii  and  which  enfranchised  natives,  half-breeds,  Portuguese, 
every  sort  and  condition  of  men,  but  barred  out  all  women  and 

'  made  them  ineligible  to  all  offices;  it  even  deprived  the  Legisla- 
ture of  the  power  to  confer  the  suffrage  on  women,  a  privilege 

i  possessed  by  all  other  Territories.  This  was  done  in  opposition 
to  the  wishes  of  President  Dole  and  Justice  Frear  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  who  came  to  Washington  to  represent  the  Islands.  The 
Executive  Board  of  the  National  Association  memorialized  Con- 
gress ;  Miss  Anthony  wrote  to  President  McKinley,  to  Senators, 
to  the  Congressional  Committee,  and  sent  petitions  to  every 

I  State  to  be  signed  protesting  against  this  outrage.  She  wrote  a 
long  and  eloquent  letter  to  President  Sanford  B.  Dole,  implor- 
ing him  to  have  official  action  taken  against  it  in  Hawaii.  All 
was  in  vain,  and  at  the  very  dawn  of  the  new  century  a  Territory 
came  into  the  Union  with  more  unjust  discrimination  against 
women  than  had  existed  in  any  which  ever  had  been  admitted. 
Miss  Anthony  joined  Miss  Shaw  at  Chicago  where  they  were 
made  members  of  the  Woman's  Relief  Corps,  and  then  she  has- 
tened home  to  see  her  sister  off  for  Europe  and  herself  to  prepare 
for  the  long  journey.  She  was  going  to  attend  the  International 
Council  of  Women  in  London  and  she  had  been  using  all  her 
powers  of  persuasion  for  the  past  six  months  to  induce  her  sister 
to  go  also,  had  written  pages  while  away  and  spent  hours  in 
argument  at  home.  At  last  she  was  successful  and  Miss  Mary 
decided  to  join  a  party  of  friends,  go  over  early  and  make  a  tour 
of  the  continent  before  the  Council  opened.  Miss  Anthony  went 
to  the  station  with  her  on  May  ii,  and  the  next  evening  she 
wrote  in  her  diary:  "How  fearfully  lonely  the  house  is  with 
Sister  Mary  gone  out  of  it  even  for  a  few  months !  What  would 
it  be  if  it  were  for  all  time  and  I  were  to  be  left  alone?" 

Mrs.  Clara  B.  Colby  made  her  a  little  visit  and  they  went  to 
hear  the  Rev.  W.  C.  Gannett  preach  on  Co-education.  That 
night  she  said  in  her  journal :  "He  spoke  of  the  need  of  co-edu- 
cation and  cooperation  in  the  home,  the  school,  everywhere  save 
in  the  Government.  After  church  I  told  him  of  his  failure  and 
he  looked  so  sad  I  felt  sorry  for  doing  it."    But  two  Sundays 


[1899]  WOMEN   IN   OUR    NEW    POSSESSIONS.  II3I 

later  she  recorded:  "In  Mr.  Gannett's  Decoration  Day  sermon 
he  showed  how  the  Civil  War  had  a  holy  purpose,  but  the  con- 
quest of  the  Philippines  was  only  a  grasping  greed  for  empire. 
I  told  him  afterwards  that  it  was  worthy  of  Parker  Pillsbury, 
of  whom  he  more  and  more  reminded  me."  This  was  the  highest 
praise  she  could  have  bestowed  unless  she  had  said  Wendell 
Phillips.  Mr.  Gannett  often  laughingly  remarked  that  he  always 
expected  her  after  the  services  to  tell  him  whether  his  sermons 
were  good  or  bad,  but  her  family  knew  that  she  counted  the 
Simday  lost  when  she  did  not  hear  one  of  them. 

Miss  Anthony  had  been  invited  to  speak  at  Chautauqua,  N. 
Y.,  this  summer  and  had  many  other  invitations  but  was  obliged 
to  decline  all.  Sunday  afternoon.  May  21,  she  spoke  in  the 
Brick  Church  of  Rochester  for  the  Young  People's  Loyal  Le- 
gion. The  Democrat  and  Chronicle  said:  "It  was  announced 
as  a  temperance  meeting  but  when  it  is  stated  that  Susan  B. 
Anthony  was  the  speaker,  it  will  be  understood  at  once  that  it 
was  bound  to  partake  more  or  less  of  the  character  of  a  suffrage 
meeting  also,  and  it  was  bound  to  be  interesting  in  each  of  its 
phases."  After  giving  many  reminiscences  of  her  early  temper- 
ance work,  she  was  quoted  as  saying:  "Today  women  are  not 
only  not  denied  the  right  to  speak  in  public,  but  the  men  seem 
to  have  stepped  back  and  allowed  them  to  assume  the  whole 
burden  in  certain  kinds  of  public  work.  I  do  not  complain  that 
this  work  is  turned  over  to  women,  but  I  do  complain  that  they 
are  not  given  the  power  that  men  have  in  order  to  do  it. 
Every  one  of  the  great  monopolies  is  not  only  owned  and  con- 
trolled by  men,  but  most  of  the  employees  are  men,  and  there- 
fore when  a  capitalist  speaks  he  represents  thousands  of  men  and 
money.  If  it  is  proposed  to  increase  the  power  of  the  women  of 
the  country,  these  men  head  it  off  unless  they  decide  that  it  will 
be  harmless.  Men  make  the  laws  and  they  enforce  them — or 
fail  to  enforce  them,  and  they  generally  fail  in  the  case  of  moral 
laws.  Do  you  not  see,  my  good  temperance  friends,  that  it  will 
not  be  possible  to  get  good  laws  enforced  until  women  can  vote? 
What  you  need  is  not  new  statutes — ^we  have  them  to  cover 


1 132  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [xSqQ] 

every  evil — ^but  the  power  to  enforce  these  laws.  You  couldn't 
elect  a  'good  government'  official  in  this  city  if  the  saloon  ele- 
ment and  the  gambling  element  and  the  low  elements  generally 
didn't  know  that  'good  government'  official  would  *go  easy'  on 
them  for  the  sake  of  holding  on  to  his  office." 

"Up  to  this  time,"  the  account  said,  "the  audience  were  in 
doubt  as  to  the  propriety  of  manifesting  approval  on  Sunday 
but  now  they  burst  into  applause." 

At  eight  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  May  29  Miss  Anthony, 
all  alone,  left  her  home  to  take  the  train  for  New  York  en  route 
for  Europe,  her  faithful  neighbor,  Mrs.  L.  C.  Cook,  closing  the 
front  door  and  promising  to  "watch  the  house."  She  might 
have  been  accompanied  by  a  retinue  had  she  not  liked  it  better 
this  way,  but  when  she  reached  the  station,  feeling  a  little  bit 
depressed  in  spite  of  her  independence,  there  were  her  beloved 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gannett  waiting  for  her!  "And  so  I  had  their 
loving  good-by,"  the  diary  said,  "and  they  were  much  amused 
to  hear  all  the  station  men  give  me  a  hearty  'God  bless  you'." 

Miss  Anthony  spent  several  days  in  New  York,  bidding  Mrs. 
Stanton  good-by  and  receiving  many  farewell  calls  from  rela- 
tives and  friends.  Miss  Shaw,  and  Lucy  Anthony  joined  her 
here  and  on  Saturday,  June  3,  all  started  for  London  on  the 
Atlantic  Transport  Menominee.  Others  in  the  party  were  Dr. 
Sarah  Hackett  Stevenson,  Mrs.  Emily  Gross,  Mrs.  Emma  Shaf- 
ter  Howard,  Miss  Emily  Rowland,  Misses  Harriet  and  Alice 
Purvis,  Miss  Nora  Stanton  Blatch  and  twelve  delegates  from 
Canada.  Among  the  passengers  was  Marie  Wainwright,  the 
actress,  who  soon  became  devoted  to  Miss  Anthony.  When 
arrangements  for  the  Sunday  evening  entertainment  were  in 
progress  she  insisted  that  Miss  Anthony  should  speak  and  the 
latter  agreed  only  on  condition  that  Miss  Wainwright  should 
introduce  her.  This  she  did  in  charming  fashion  and  Miss  An- 
thony delighted  everybody  with  her  simple,  straightforward  talk. 
Captain  John  Robinson  soon  became  one  of  her  enthusiastic 
admirers  and  all  on  board  were  her  friends  before  the  v03rage 
was  ended.    She  was  an  excellent  sailor,  had  her  salt-water  bath 


[1899]  WOMEN   IN   OUR   NEW   POSSESSIONS.  II33 

at  seven  every  morning,  her  three  frugal  meals,  her  afternoon 
nap,  her  long  walks,  and  a  sea  trip  was  imalloyed  pleasure. 

After  ten  days  of  fine  weather  the  ship  entered  the  Thames 
River  and  at  the  London  dock  Mr.  William  Henry  Blatch  met 
Miss  Anthony  and  his  daughter  and  took  them  to  his  home  at 
Basingstoke.  Here  Miss  Anthony  had  a  quiet,  restful  visit  with 
Mrs.  Harriot  Stanton  Blatch,  reading,  answering  the  many  let- 
ters that  awaited  her  and  driving  through  the  beautiful  country. 
Mrs.  Millicent  Garrett  Fawcett,  President  of  the  National  Union 
of  Women's  Suffrage  Societies  came  down  for  a  day.  At  the 
earliest  possible  moment,  Miss  Anthony  wrote  the  following 
letter  to  Mrs.  Leland  Stanford : 

Before  sailing  I  had  read  of  your  magnificent  gift  to  the  university  and  re- 
joiced in  you  exceedingly  as  having  excelled  all  other  women;  and  here  in 
old  England  I  have  handed  me  a  special  telegram  to  the  New  York  Tribune 
which  contains  the  following:  "Mrs.  Stanford  specifies  that  she  wishes  to 
have  the  number  of  women  students  limited  to  500,  as  she  sees  a  possible 
danger  to  the  institution  in  the  rapid  increase  of  the  percentage  of  girls — 
which  has  grown  from  25  to  41 — and  there  are  now  450  women.  Many  of 
the  alumni  feel  that  the  college  spirit  is  injured — that  it  cannot  hold  its  own 
in  athletics,  oratorical  contests,  etc."  This  sends  a  chill  over  me — ^that  this 
limitation  should  come  through  a  woman  and  that  one  my  dear  Mrs.  Stan- 
ford to  whom  I  had  looked  for  the  fulfilment  of  our  dream  of  perfect  equality 
for  women  in  her  university.  Who  are  the  alumni  that  are  thus  afraid?  The 
men,  of  course.  And  what  do  they  think  is  endangered?  Physical  prowess — 
sports — ^not  high  intellectual  attainments.  I  know  full  well  that  the  men  in 
co-educational  universities  have  to  suffer  contempt  from  the  shallow-pated  of 
colleges  for  men  only,  but  Stanford's  splendid  work  hitherto  has  been  to  teach 
its  men  to  stand  up  bravely  and  demolish  those  false  ideas.  You  have  done 
as  much  as  any  other  human  being  to  educate  men  to  respect  women  and 
I  cannot  bear  to  have  you  destroy  this  work.  Had  you  provided  that,  when 
the  number  of  students  had  reached  its  maximum,  care  should  be  taken  that 
the  proportion  of  the  sexes  should  be  the  same — ^that  for  the  well-being  of 
all,  there  should  not  be  any  great  preponderance  of  either — ^it  would  have 
seemed  fair  and  just.  But  to  limit  the  women  to  500  and  set  no  bounds  to  the 
number  of  men  makes  you  virtually  say  that  the  presence  of  women  is  de- 
teriorating to  a  university  to  such  an  extent  that  not  more  than  500  of  them 
can  be  allowed  without  jeopardizing  its  best  interests. 

Suppose  all  of  the  co-educational  universities  throughout  the  country  should 
follow  your  example,  where  would  the  thousands  and  thousands  of  women 
find  chances  for  education  but  in  girls'  colleges,  seminaries  and  boarding 
schools,  which  would  mean  a  return  to  the  old-time  methods.   Indeed  your 


1 134  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

proposed  limitation  is  a  most  fatal  step  backward.  Do  you  think  your  dear 
husband  would  have  yielded  to  the  fears  of  the  male  alumni?  And  if  not, 
why  should  the  wife  to  whom  he  intrusted  all?  I  wish  I  could  see  you  and 
talk  it  over.  I  am  sure  you  would  change  it  to  half-and-half  of  the  sexes,  for 
the  hij^hest  good  of  the  students,  the  home  and  the  university.  Lovingly  and 
trustingly  yours. 


CHAPTER  LIII. 

THE  INTERNATIONAL   COUNCIL  OF   WOMEN   IN   LONDON. 

1899. 

,  HE  International  Council  of  Women  in  London — 
not  one  chapter,  not  many  chapters,  could  contain 
an  adequate  accoimt  of  that  remarkable  meeting 
which  was  a  distinct  and  significant  event  in  the 
great  progressive  movement  among  women.  The 
space  allotted  here  must  be  given  largely  to  Miss  Anthony's  own 
part  in  this  world's  convention  whose  official  proceedings  fill 
seven  volumes.  That  it  was  no  small  part  the  printed  transactions 
of  the  business  sessions  show,  for  her  name  appears  upon  nearly 
every  page,  making  reports,  moving  resolutions,  speaking  to  the 
question,  giving  wise  and  helpful  suggestions  out  of  the  depth 
of  her  long  experience.  She  was  chief  among  the  founders  of  the 
I  Council,  in  Washington,  in  1888;*  was  a  leading  factor  in  its  first 
Quinquennial  at  the  Columbian  Exposition  in  Chicago,  in  1893;* 
and  now,  in  her  eightieth  year,  had  crossed  the  ocean  to  partici- 
pate in  its  third  convocation. 
-/^o  Miss  Anthony  was  assigned  the  important  chairmanship 
I  of  the  Nominating  Committee.  During  a  warm  discussion  on 
"electing  prominent  women  members  of  the  Council  simply  as  a 
mark  of  honor,  she  characteristically  observed  that  "those  who 
wished  to  honor  them  should  put  their  hands  in  their  pockets 
and  pay  to  make  them  patrons.*'  When  the  vigorous  attempt 
was  made  to  override  the  constitution  and  keep  out  of  the  presi- 
dency an  American  woman  who  already  had  been  practically 

1  Volume  II,  dapter  XXXV. 
>  Volume  II,  Chapter  XLI. 

(1135) 


1 136  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

elected,  it  was  largely  owing  to  Miss  Anthony's  firm  attitude 
and  excellent  generalship  that  the  plan  was  defeated.  While 
it  was  a  matter  of  keenest  regret  to  her  and  the  other  delegates 
from  the  United  States  to  be  compelled  to  antagonize  the  women 
of  other  countries  for  whom  they  felt  the  warmest  friendship, 
they  regarded  the  action  strictly  as  an  observance  of  the  consti- 
tution and  an  adherence  to  principle. 

At  the  close  of  the  last  business  meeting,  the  committee  were 
entertained  at  luncheon  at  Cassiobury  Park,  the  ancient  country 
seat  of  the  Earl  of  Essex,  by  Lady  Aberdeen,  the  retiring  presi- 
dent. When  the  new  president,  Mrs.  May  Wright  Sewall,  had 
eloquently  moved  a  vote  of  thanks  for  this  hospitality,  which 
was  seconded  by  the  Baroness  Gripenberg,  of  Finland,  Miss 
Anthony  rose  and  said  with  deep  feeling:  "Girls, — ^yes,  I  call 
you  so,  for  you  are  all  girls  compared  with  me — you  have  ex- 
pressed your  joy  and  thankfulness  that  you  have  had  an  oppor- 
tunity to  be  present  at  this  Congress.  What  do  you  think  I  feel, 
I,  who  remember  the  time  when  woman's  cause  had  no  friends 
outside  a  little  group  now  called  the  'pioneers'  ?  What  do  you 
think  I  feel  to  know  that  now  there  is  a  whole  generation  of 
women  able  to  carry  on  the  work  when  the  'pioneers'  have 
passed  away?" 

After  the  applause  which  followed  this  little  speech.  Mile. 
Sarah  Monod,  the  delegate  from  France,  responded,  saying: 
"On  behalf  of  the  'girls',  I,  although  sixty  years  old,  beg  to 
thank  Miss  Anthony  for  what  she  has  done  toward  the  upraising 
of  womanhood  and  humanhood.  Many  of  us  here  present  are 
already  grey-haired,  but  still  we  confess  ourselves  inexperienced 
'girls',  who  receive  with  thankfulness  the  inheritance  she  has 
given  us." 

Miss  Anthony  spoke  on  the  opening  day  of  the  great  Congress 
held  in  connection  with  the  Council,  June  2y,  the  subject  of  her 
address.  Position  of  Women  in  the  Political  Life  of  the  United 
States.  It  fills  six  pages  of  the  printed  report  and  is  an  able  and 
complete  resume  of  the  beginning,  progress  and  present  status 
of  the  movement  for  the  emancipation  of  women,  and  their  legal. 


[1899]         THE   INTERNATIONAL    COUNCIL   IN    LONDON.  II37 

industrial  and  social  position  at  the  end  of  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury.^   It  concludes  by  saying: 

Until  woman  has  obtained  that  "right  protective  of  all  other  rights— the 
ballot/'  this  agitation  must  still  go  on,  absorbing  the  time  and  energy  of  our 
best  and  strongest  women.  Who  can  measure  the  advantages  that  would  re- 
sult if  the  magnificent  abilities  of  these  women  could  be  devoted  to  the  needs 
of  government,  society  and  home,  instead  of  being  consumed  in  the  struggle 
to  obtain  their  birthright  of  individual  freedom  ?  Until  this  be  gained  we  can 
iiever  know,  we  can  not  even  prophesy  the  capacity  and  power  of  women  for 
the  uplifting  of  humanity.  It  may  be  delayed  longer  than  we  think,  it  may  be 
here  sooner  than  we  expect,  but  the  day  will  come  when  man  will  recognize 
woman  as  his  peer,  not  only  at  the  fireside  but  in  the  councils  of  the  nation. 
Then,  and  not  until  then,  will  there  be  the  perfect  comradeship,  the  ideal 
union,  between  the  sexes  that  shall  result  in  the  highest  development  of  the 
race.  What  this  shall  be  we  may  not  attempt  to  define,  but  this  we  know  that 
only  good  can  come  to  the  individual  or  the  nation  through  the  rendering  of 
exact  justice. 

The  present  writer  ventures  to  use  a  few  extracts  regarding 
this  unprecedented  meeting  from  her  own  S3mdicate  letters  to  the 
United  States. 

Four  great  halls  in  London  have  been  occupied  by  the  Congress— West- 
minster, Town  and  Church  Halls,  St.  Martin's  and,  for  the  mass  meetings, 
the  splendid  Queen's  Hall,  with  its  fine  decorations  and  massive  organ.  What 
a  wonderful  body  it  is !  What  a  broad  conception,  this  bringing  of  the  repre- 
sentative women  of  all  nations  to  counsel  together  on  questions  directly  af- 
fecting the  evolution  of  humanity !  The  London  Sunday  Times  said :  "It  will 
certainly  be  interesting  to  see  if  women  can  successfully  achieve  what,  so  far 
as  we  know,  men  never  have  attempted."  May  we  say,  in  all  humility,  that  it  is 
possible  for  men  to  learn  some  things  even  from  women?  We  have  had  at 
this  Congress  an  educated  Chinese  woman,  sent  by  the  Emperor  of  China  to 
represent  the  women  of  that  nation;  native  delegates  from  India;  highly 
educated  women  from  Australia  and  New  Zealand,  who  traveled  12,000  miles 
just  to  attend  this  Council;  women  of  culture  and  ability  who  came  for  the 
same  purpose  from  the  Argentine  Republic,  South  Africa,  Persia  and  Pales- 
tine. Almost  every  country  in  Europe  has  been  ably  represented.  All  of 
these  have  brought  the  story  of  what  women  are  doing  in  their  respective 
nations  and  all  are  eagerly  seeking  to  learn  from  others  how  the  work  may 
be  advanced 

Miss  Anthony  was  one  of  the  principal  speakers  at  the  mass 
meeting  for  woman  suffrage  held  in  Queen's  Hall,  the  evening 

^International  Council  Report,  1899.     Women  in  Politics,  page  3. 


1 138  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

of  June  29  under  the  auspices  of  the  National  Union  of  Women's 
Suffrage  Societies  of  Great  Britain.  The  official  report  says, 
"Miss  Anthony  was  received  with  prolonged  applause,  the  audi- 
ence all  rising."  Mrs.  Fawcett,  president  of  the  Union,  made  the 
opening  address;  the  resolution  was  presented  by  Mr.  Faithful 
Begg,  M.  P.,  seconded  by  Mrs.  Wynford  Phillips  and  the  Hon. 
Mrs.  Arthur  Lyttleton.  Miss  Anthony  came  next  and  she 
seemed  to  feel  the  inspiration  of  the  vast  audience  of  over  3,000 
earnest,  enthusiastic  men  and  women  as  she  outlined  the  present 
position  of  women  and  the  work  that  had  been  and  was  yet  to  be 
done.  She  was  followed  by  the  Hon.  W.  P.  Reeves,  of  New 
Zealand,  and  Frau  Marie  Stritt,  delegate  from  the  Council  of 
Germany,  and  the  meeting  closed  with  an  eloquent  address  by 
Lady  Henry  Somerset. 

The  syndicate  letter  continued : 

The  colossal  figure  of  the  present  Congress  has  been,  without  question, 
Susan  B.  Anthony.  None  other  has  called  forth  a  fraction  of  the  enthusiasm 
which  has  greeted  her  every  appearance  on  the  platform.  When  she  has  risen 
to  speak  the  applause  has  been  so  long-continued  it  seemed  as  if  she  never 
would  have  a  chance  to  begin.  At  nearly  eighty  years  of  age,  her  voice  has 
still  the  best  "carrying  quality"  of  any  of  the  fine  voices  which  have  been 
heard  during  the  meetings.  In  these  large  halls,  filled  with  thousands  of 
people,  she  has  been  able  to  reach  the  farthest  comers  without  apparent 
effort.    .    .    . 

She  has  told  how  the  woman's  rights  movement,  which  now  extends  around 
the  globe,  had  its  first  beginning  in  this  very  city  of  London,  when,  in  1840, 
the  women  delegates  were  not  allowed  to  take  seats  in  the  World's  Anti- 
Slavery  Convention;  how  the  clergy  of  all  denominations  united  in  de- 
nouncing them;  how  Wendell  Phillips  eloquently  pleaded  for  them;  how 
William  Lloyd  Garrison  refused  to  take  any  part  in  the  deliberations  because 
of  this  injustice.  And  then  how  Lucretia  Mott,  one  of  the  rejected  delegates, 
and  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  a  bride,  walked  home  from  this  stormy  meeting, 
arm  in  arm,  and  resolved  that  something  should  be  done  to  secure  recogni- 
tion for  women;  and  how  eight  years  later  this  resolution  took  shape  in  the 
calling  of  that  first  Woman's  Rights  Convention  in  Mrs.  Stanton's  home, 
Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y.  As  Miss  Anthony  has  recounted  the  gains  of  sixty  years 
and  sketched  the  status  of  women  of  the  present  day,  and  the  audiences  have 
realized  that,  during  more  than  half-a-century,  this  one  woman  has  stood 
in  the  thickest  of  the  fight,  some  of  them  have  shouted  their  applause  and 
some  been  moved  to  tears. 

The  London  correspondent  of  the  Philadelphia  Press  said: 


[1899]        THE  INTERNATIONAL   COUNCIL   IN   LONDON.  II39 

"The  papers  here  are  going  wild  over  Miss  Anthony,  declaring 
her  to  be  the  most  unaggressive  woman  suffragist  ever  seen;" 
and  the  dispatches  to  the  New  York  World:  "When  Susan  B. 
Anthony,  the  great  pioneer  in  the  work  for  woman's  enfranchise- 
ment, arose  to  speak  there  was  a  tumult  of  applause  lasting  fully 
five  minutes."  The  Methodist  Times,  (London),  said  in  a  long 
and  dignified  article  on  the  Council:  "A  hopeful  sign  was  the 
unrestrained  enthusiasm  witli  which  the  opening  meeting  greeted 
Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  'Generar  of  the  suffrage  movement  in  the 
United  States."  Similar  quotations  might  be  made  indefinitely 
to  show  the  recognition  of  the  woman  and  her  work,  by  women 
of  all  countries  and  by  audiences  composed  of  all  classes,  in  this 
largest  and  most  cosmopolitan  city  in  the  world. 

Miss  Anthony  did  not  escape  the  interviewers.  On  the  morn- 
ing the  Council  opened  the  Daily  News  had  a  column-and-a-half, 
covering  the  topics  of  suffrage,  temperance,  organizations  of 
women,  marriage,  dress,  law  and  the  industries.  The  Sunday 
Times  contained  an  excellent  interview  of  a  column  devoted 
principally  to  the  question  of  woman  suffrage  in  all  parts  of  the 
world,  what  it  has  done  and  what  it  is  expected  to  do.  An  ex- 
tract will  show  the  trend. 

Chatting  about  the  Congress,  the  meetings  and  the  organization,  we  touched 
on  the  question  of  housing  educated  women  in  London.  Miss  Anthony  shook 
her  head.  "I  care  very  little  for  these  palliatives.  It  seems  to  me  a  very  poor 
plan  simply  to  make  women  comfortable  in  their  poverty.  The  real  aim  should 
be  to  pay  them  better,  give  them  the  value  of  their  work.  It  is  to  the  advan- 
tage of  men,  too,  that  this  should  be  done,  for  as  long  as  women  will  take 
less  pay  than  men  for  the  same  work,  men  will  be  driven  out  of  their  places. 
You  see  it  all  comes  back  to  enfranchisement.  Negroes  never  got  the  value 
of  their  work  until  they  were  enfranchised.  When  the  Irish  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  they  were  paid  less  than  native-born  men  until  they  were 
naturalized,  and  then  their  pay  became  equal.  They  declared  that  the  ballot 
was  worth  fifty  cents  a  day  to  them." 
"And  do  you  think  it  would  be  worth  that  to  womankind  ?*' 
"I  don't  pretend  to  assess  the  value  precisely,  but  I  do  say  that  when  women 
get  the  ballot  they  will  be  on  fighting  ground.  At  present  they  have  not  ar- 
rived. When  men  know  that  women  can  vote  their  heads  off,  then  officials 
and  office-seekers  will  attend  to  women's  wants." 

Such  long  personal  interviews  are  unusual  in  London  papers 
and  there  were  many  of  them  during  Miss  Anthony's  stay. 


II40  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

Even  a  brief  account  of  this  meeting  would  be  inadequate  if 
no  mention  were  made  of  the  many  social  courtesies  extended 
during  the  two  weeks.  These  included  two  official  receptions, 
one  at  Stafford  House,  the  town  residence  of  the  Duchess  of 
Sutherland,  and  the  other  at  Surrey  House,  Marble  Arch,  that 
of  Lady  Battersea — ^two  homes  most  noted  in  London  for  their 
wealth  of  art  in  every  form.  The  garden  party  in  Gunnersbury 
Park,  at  which  the  hostesses  were  Lady  and  Mrs.  Leopold  de 
Rothschild,  was  said  to  be  the  handsomest  ever  seen  in  England. 
Regrets  were  sent  by  the  Prince  and  Princess  of  Wales  for  their 
inability  to  be  present. 

The  old  castle  stands  in  the  finest  of  English  parks,  with  many  acres  of 
turf  as  soft  and  smooth  as  velvet,  trees  which  have  stood  for  centuries,  con- 
servatories filled  with  rarest  plants,  summer  houses  covered  with  luxuriant 
ivy,  a  lake  with  an  exquisite  Italian  temple  on  its  shore.  Gaily  striped  mar- 
quees, adorned  with  rugs  and  draperies,  were  scattered  about  the  lawn,  and 
here,  from  gold  and  silver  service,  scores  of  servitors  in  livery  of  pale  blue 
plush  and  white  silk  stockings  dispensed  elaborate  refreshments.  Four  bands 
of  nearly  two  hundred  pieces  played  all  the  afternoon,  each  so  far  away  from 
the  others  that  there  were  no  conflicting  sounds ;  while,  for  the  further  enter- 
tainment of  the  guests,  there  was  a  circus  performance  on  the  greensward, 
with  equestrians,  jugglers,  acrobats,  etc. 

Another  charming  garden  party  was  given  by  the  Lord  Bishop  of  London 
and  Mrs.  Creighton,  at  their  residence,  Fulham  Palace,  built  by  Henry  VII 
five  hundred  years  ago.  The  beautiful  grounds  are  surrounded  by  a  moat 
kept  full  of  running  water  from  the  Thames,  crossed  by  only  a  single  bridge, 
and  the  great  trees  are  full  of  singing  birds  which  no  enemy  can  approach. 

Many  of  the  delegates  have  been  entertained  at  tea  on  the  terrace  of  the 
House  of  Commons.  One  cannot  imagine  a  more  interesting  sight  than  this 
broad  stone  terrace  occupied  by  the  most  distinguished  men  of  Great  Britain, 
accompanied  by  handsomely  dressed  ladies,  either  strolling  up  and  down  or 
seated  at  the  little  tables  with  their  snowy  covers;  the  white-capped  maids 
moving  about  with  the  steaming  silver  tea-pots,  plates  heaped  with  thin  slices 
of  bread  and  butter  and  great  bowls  filled  with  luscious  strawberries.  On  one 
side  is  the  magnificent  Gothic  front  of  Westminster,  on  the  other  the  deep 
and  swift  waters  of  the  Thames,  with  the  endless  procession  of  vessels  of 
every  description;  close  by,  the  splendid  bridge  supported  by  its  seven  gresX 
arches,  and,  beyond,  those  glorious  views  which  inspired  Wordsworth's  poem, 
"Earth  has  not  anything  to  show  more  fair." 

A  delightful  afternoon  affair  was  given  by  Mr.  Charles  Han- 
cock at  the  National  Liberal  Club,  its  wide  verandas  overlooking 
Victoria  Gardens;  and  the  teas,  dinners  and  garden  parties  by 


[1899]        THE  INTERNATIONAL   COUNCIL  IN   LONDON.  'II4I 

private  individuals  were  far  too  numerous  for  special  mention. 
At  these  functions  the  most  eminent  men  and  women  in  the 
literary,  artistic  and  political  life  of  London  were  present  to 
greet  the  foreign  guests.  Invitations  were  extended  for  week- 
end visits  at  country  estates,  and  every  form  of  English  hospi- 
tality was  charmingly  illustrated. 

The  Women's  Qubs  have  opened  wide  their  doors  for  luncheons  and  recep- 
tions— ^University,  Pioneer,  Albemarle,  Writers',  Sesame,  Camelot,  Lyceum, 
Grosvenor  Crescent — and  visitor's  cards,  or  "honorary  membership,"  have  been 
widely  granted.  ...  It  would  be  impossible  to  enumerate  the  official  invi- 
tations extended  by  schools  of  cookery,  students'  associations,  industrial  coun- 
cils, local  government  boards,  horticultural  societies,  hospitals,  social  settle- 
ments, vegetarian  unions,  etc.,  etc.,  to  come  and  inspect  and  have  the  inevitable 
cup  of  tea.  The  delegates  select  the  things  they  are  specially  interested  in  and, 
with  visiting  these,  trying  to  hear  as  many  as  possible  of  the  excellent  Congress 
papers  and  attending  two  or  three  elegant  social  affairs  each  evening,  we  have 
felt  like  accepting  unanimously  the  cordial  invitation  to  visit  the  home  for 
feeble-minded. 

Ambassador  and  Mrs.  Choate  gave  an  afternoon  tea  for  the 
delegates  from  the  United  States  in  their  beautiful  home  on 
Carlton  House  Terrace.  Lady  Aberdeen's  reception  at  the  Royal 
Institute  of  Water  Colors  was  one  of  the  handsomest  entertain- 
ments. None  was  more  enjoyed  than  the  large  luncheon  party 
given  by  the  Society  of  American  Women  in  London  in  the 
grand  banquet  hall  of  Hotel  Cecil,  where  Mrs.  Humphrey  Ward, 
Mrs.  Craigie,  Lady  Randolph  Churchill,  Mme.  Sarah  Grand, 
Miss  Genevieve  Ward,  Mrs.  Antoinette  Sterling,  the  Mar- 
chioness of  Duflferin  and  many  other  noted  women  greeted  the 
guests  from  abroad. 

From  the  gaiety  and  sparkle  of  this  gathering  we  went  directly  to  West- 
minster Abbey  where  near  "Poet's  Comer"  special  services  for  the  delegates 
were  held  by  Bishop  Lyttleton.  Never  will  that  scene  pass  from  memory! 
The  long,  vaulted  arches,  the  light  falling  dimly  through  the  high  stained- 
glass  windows,  the  ancient  tombs  of  royalty,  the  statues  of  warriors,  states- 
men and  poets,  white  ghosts  of  the  dead  centuries — and  in  this  most  im- 
pressive spot  on  earth  a  group  who  represented  the  divine  discontent  of  the 
world's  womanhood,  the  struggle  to  emerge  from  the  dying  traditions  of  the 
past  into  a  newer  and  larger  life !  And  here  in  the  midst  of  crumbling  relics 
of  bygone  times  and  conditions,  we  heard  a  sermon  so  broad  and  hopeful 
and  advanced  in  thought  as  to  fill  us  with  courage  and  strength.   We  came 


1 142  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

out  from  the  old  abbey  as  from  the  old  existence,  and  the  great  rush  of 
humanity  that  surged  through  the  streets  seemed  typical  of  the  new  and 
unrestrained  activities  which  awaited  us. 

I  As  Miss  Anthony  was  the  leading  figure  in  the  Council  and 
Congress,  so  she  was  the  one  most  in  demand  at  every  social 

kflfair  and  in  all  the  brilliant  galaxy  of  women  none  was  so 

[widely  honored. 


On  all  occasions,  Miss  Anthony  has  been  the  center  of  attraction  and  the 
other  American  women  have  been  happy  to  shine  by  her  reflected  light  It 
can  truthfully  be  said  that  she  never  has  accepted  one  invitation  without  ask- 
ing permission  to  bring  some  of  her  countrywomen  with  her.  In  the  glittering 
parade  of  rainbow  hues,  tinsel,  feathers  and  pompadours,  which  mark  fashion- 
able society  of  today,  she  has  stood  in  dignified  simplicity,  clad  in  rich  black 
satin,  with  its  refined  decoration  of  lace,  and  her  crown  of  silver  hair  out- 
shining the  jewelled  coronets.  With  all  the  adulation,  she  is  not  the  least  bit 
puffed  up  with  pride,  but  declares  it  is  intended  solely  for  the  cause  she  repre- 
sents, when  everybody  else  knows  it  is  in  reality  for  her  very  own  self— a 
tribute  to  her  life  of  service. 

Two  little  stories  are  told  about  that  staunchest  exponent  of  democratic 
and  republican  institutions,  Susan  B.  Anthony.  On  one  occasion  she  actually 
undertook  to  introduce  one  of  the  greatest  lords  of  the  kingdom  to  two  poor 
little  girl  employees  on  a  London  paper,  and,  as  if  this  were  not  sufficiently 
heinous,  she  told  him  frankly  that  she  had  forgotten  his  name.  He  did  not 
tell  it  to  her  and  if  Gibson  could  have  caught  the  expression  of  his  lord- 
ship's face  he  might  have  produced  his  masterpiece. 

At  another  time  she  was  invited  to  a  luncheon  to  meet  the  Princess  Qiris- 
tian,  the  Queen's  daughter.  After  shaking  hands  with  her  and  talking  a  few 
minutes.  Miss  Anthony  sat  down.  Presently  some  one  came  and  told  her 
she  must  not  sit  while  ro}ralty  was  standing.  Some  of  her  friends  say  that 
her  eighty  years  and  the  fatigue  from  the  strain  of  the  past  weeks  justified 
her  in  sitting.  Others  say  that  she  could  have  stood  up  two  hours  if  she  had 
had  a  suffrage  speech  to  make,  but  that  the  awful  breach  of  etiquette  was 
due  to  'that  spirit  of  her  Quaker  ancestors  which  made  them  face  death  rather 
than  take  off  their  hats  to  a  king.  Miss  Anthony  herself  only  laughs  and  "re- 
fuses to  be  interviewed."* 

The  culmination  was  the  visit  to  Windsor  Castle  and  this  in 
a  measure  was  due  to  Miss  Anthony.  When  interviewed  on  this 

*The  London  Times  said:  "Miss  Anthony  is  being  entertained  by  all  the  lords  and 
ladies  of  the  United  Kingdom.  She  dines  with  Lady  Somerset,  stops  oyer  night  with  the 
Countess  of  Aberdeen  and  breakfasts  with  her,  Imiches  next  day  with  the  Duchess  of 
Sutherland,  is  received  by  the  Queen  and  threatens  every  day  to  call  upon  the  Princesa 
of  Wales,  who  is  really  very  anxious  to  see  the  dear,  old  lady  suffragist" 


Copyright,  I^fayelte,  London. 

THE  COUNTESS  OF  ABERDEEN. 

Prisidbnt  Intbrmational  Council  of  Wombn. 


[1899]        THE  INTERNATIONAL   COUNCIL   IN   LONDON.  II43 

point  (after  her  return  to  America)  she  gave  this  characteristic 
account : 

One  day  I  said  to  Lady  Aberdeen,  "Now  if  this  great  Council  were  in 
Washington,  I  should  certainly  get  an  invitation  for  you  to  call  on  the  Presi- 
dent and  his  wife.  Isn't  it  possible  for  us  to  secure  some  recognition  from 
the  Queen  ?"  She  said  she  didn't  know,  but  she  would  try,  so  she  sent  a  letter 
to  the  Queen  and  soon  received  a  reply  from  her  secretary  that  Her  Majesty 
would  be  very  happy  to  see  us.  The  Queen  gave  directions  to  provide  tea  for 
the  ladies.  "Ah,  but,"  said  the  secretary,  "you  must  remember  that  you  will 
have  to  provide  for  hundreds."  "Well,"  was  the  Queen's  answer,  "if  there 
be  thousands,  provide  for  thousands.  I  cannot  allow  the  ladies  to  call  upon 
me  without  giving  them  a  cup  of  tea."  The  tables  were  placed  in  St.  George's 
hall,  the  banquet-room  of  the  palace,  where  all  kinds  of  refreshments,  with  the 
luxuries  of  the  season,  hot-house  grapes,  strawberries,  etc.,  were  served  on 
the  royal  china  by  the  Queen's  own  retainers  in  scarlet  livery. 

In  an  interview  in  the  Daily  Chronicle  of  London  Miss  An- 
thony was  quoted  as  saying:  "All  our  delegates  felt  very 
grateful  to  Lord  and  Lady  Aberdeen  for  securing  them  this 
opportunity  of  seeing  the  Queen,  and  thought  it  most  gracious 
of  her  Majesty  to  grant  their  request.  I  shall  always  remember 
the  delightful  sensation  of  sitting  there  on  a  sofa  in  the  Queen's 
own  home,  drinking  her  tea,  and,  as  it  were,  breaking  bread  with 
her.  It  was  not  a  mere  matter  of  curiosity  with  us;  we  felt 
that  the  Queen  is  a  grand  woman,  who  has  set  a  good  example 
to  the  nations  of  the  world,  that  her  influence  has  always  been 
for  peace,  and  that  she  has  been  a  good  wife  and  a  good  mother; 
moreover  in  her  reign  woman  has  made  enormous  advance." 

No  sovereign  in  Europe  would  personally  receive  a  great  body 
like  this  and  Queen  Victoria  was  one  of  the  most  exclusive  of 
royal  rulers,  but  it  was  really  a  friendly  act  for  her  to  admit  the 
delegates  to  the  court  of  Windsor  Castle  to  see  her  start  for  her 
afternoon  drive.  The  situation,  however,  was  not  wholly  with- 
out its  humorous  features,  it  seemed  to  the  present  writer,  who 
thus  described  it  in  part: 

Our  party  passed  through  the  old  Norman  gateway,  the  most  ancient  por- 
tion of  the  castle,  and  then  we  paused  under  the  shadow  of  the  great  round 
tower.  .  .  .  The  omnipresent  red-coated,  fur-topped  soldiers  stand  guard 
at  the  entrance,  a  solitary  policeman  paces  back  and  forth  and  tries  to  evade 
the  volley  of  questions  from  the  crowd  of  women  who  are  afraid  to  approach 
Ant.  Ill— 3 


1 144  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

the  soldiers  but  who  have  policemen  at  home.  Far  across  the  court  in  an  open 
doorway  stand  three  individuals  in  long  coats,  white  "spats"  and  silk  hats. 
They  are  the  gentlemen-in-waiting.  We  have  a  fellow  feeling  for  them,  we 
have  been  ladies-in-waiting  for  more  than  an  hour. 

At  last  a  wave  of  excitement  goes  scurrying  over  the  dry  gravel.  We  are 
all  arranged  in  a  semi-circle  along  the  driveway.  A  broad,  low  carriage  dashes 
up  to  the  main  door  in  the  southeast  corner,  drawn  by  two  beautiful  dappled 
bay  horses  with  black  points,  attended  by  two  outriders,  mounted  on  prancing 
steeds,  a  perfect  match  to  the  others.  The  coachman  is  an  exact  counterpart 
of  the  typical  John  Bull  Various  functionaries  appear;  one  stands  at  the 
horses'  heads,  another  blocks  the  wheels  so  they  may  not  move.  White- 
aproned  maids  are  seen  in  the  hall — ^and  now  comes  the  Queen !  Carried  in  a 
chair  by  a  stalwart  Scotchman  in  plaid  and  kilts  and  bare  legs,  and  a  tall, 
black  East  Indian  in  white  skirt  and  turban,  she  is  gently  placed  in  the  car- 
riage. The  Princess  Beatrice  takes  a  seat  beside  her,  and  the  chief  lady-in- 
waiting  sits  opposite,  but  we  have  eyes  only  for  Victoria. 

As  slowly  as  the  horses  can  step  she  approaches  the  line.  All  around  us 
the  English  women  whisper,  "Don't  forget  to  courtesy !"  We  Americans  have 
not  been  taught  to  crook  the  knee  but  we  make  our  very  best  bow.  The  car- 
riage stops  before  Lady  Aberdeen,  who  stands  at  the  head  of  the  line.  She 
courtesies  to  the  ground  and  kisses  the  extended  fingers.  A  Canadian  woman, 
who  is  presented  on  account  of  some  special  service,  does  the  same.  Then, 
horror  of  horrors,  up  steps  a  woman  from  the  United  States  and  shakes  the 
Queen's  hand !  She  supposed,  of  course,  Her  Majesty  was  going  to  greet  all 
of  us  in  that  democratic  fashion.  Slowly  the  carriage  passes  on,  pausing  for 
another  moment  in  front  of  the  delegates  from  India  in  their  picturesque 
garments.  The  English  women  begin  to  sing  **God  Save  the  Queen."  We 
Americans  do  not  know  the  words,  but,  led  by  Emma  Thursby,  we  sing 
"America"  to  the  same  tune,  and  it  answers  just  as  well.  Her  Majesty  smiles 
and  looks  pleased.  She  is  a  lovely  old  lady,  with  fair  hair  and  blue  eyes,  a 
complexion  as  pink  and  white  as  a  girl's,  and  does  not  appear  a  day  over 
sixty.  On  goes  the  carriage,  under  the  high  arch  beneath  which  only  royalty 
can  pass— and  the  great  event  is  over.  The  Queen  has  sanctioned  the  Wom- 
an's Congress! 

•  It  was  suggested  to  Miss  Anthony  that  it  would  be  a  graceful 
thing  for  her  to  send  her  Biography  to  the  Queen,  and  this  she 
did,  selecting  a  set  bound  in  full  morocco  and  writing  this  in- 
scription: "To  Her  Royal  Majesty  Victoria,  Queen  of  Great 
Britain  and  Empress  of  India,  with  profound  appreciation  of 
Her  Majesty's  service  to  all  womanhood.  Susan  B.  Anthony 
presents  this  story  of  her  own  life-work."  The  book  was  appro- 
priately acknowledged.^ 

^People  always  seemed  to  enjoy  giving;  Miss  Anthony  presents  and  she  received  many 
during  her  stay  in  London.     Among  them  was  $100  from  her  cousin,  Mrs.   Emily  Clark 


/ 


[1899]        THE  INTERNATIONAL   COUNCIL  IN   LONDON.  II45 

Miss  Anthony  found  it  extremely  difficult  to  recollect  to  say 
"your  grace"  and  "your  ladyship*'  when  speaking  to  members 
of  the  nobility,  and  she  thus  related  one  incident : 


>       That  reminds  me  of  another  conversation  I  had  with  a  titled  lady.    In 
/    England,  you  know,  they  are  always  treated  with  the  greatest  deference, 
/    which  seems  to  Americans  much  like  sycophancy.    I  asked  this  lady  if  I 
seemed  unduly  familiar  in  my  greetings  and  conversation  with  titled  people, 
I      and  said  I  couldn't  get  the  feeling  into  me  that  they  were  any  different  from 
the  distinguished  women  in  America.    And  she  answered,  "Miss  Anthony, 
r      that's  just  the  way  I  like  to  be  approached.  I  have  more  respect  for  you,  for- 
getting my  title,  than  if  you  played  the  subservient  part  like  the  women  here, 
who  have  always  been  taught  that  it  is  their  duty  to  do  so." 

It  would  be  impossible  to  mention  all  the  social  attentions  of 
a  private  nature  which  Miss  Anthony  received.  She  was  enter- 
tained at  luncheons  by  Lady  Battersea,  Lady  Rothschild,  the 
Countess  of  Montefiore  and  Lady  Jeune,  and  was  the  guest  over 
night  of  the  Countess  of  Warwick.  She  visited  the  home  of 
her  dear  friends,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jacob  Bright,  and  dined  with 
Mrs.  Fisher  Unwin,  daughter  of  Richard  Cobden  and  living  in 
the  old  family  home.  Through  Mrs.  Unwin  she  received  a  cor- 
dial invitation  to  visit  Lady  Carlisle  at  Castle  Howard  near 
York.  Her  ladyship  wrote,  "It  would  be  a  very  great  privilege 
and  delight  for  me  to  receive  Miss  Anthony  here  and  I  have 
written  to  beg  her  to  come  if  she  possibly  can  do  so." 

After  the  Congress  adjourned  and  Miss  Anthony  paid  a  little 
visit  to  Mrs.  Fenwick  Miller  at  Reigate,  she  went  to  the  Isle  of 
Wight  with  Mrs.  Emily  Gross,  for  a  brief  rest.  Here  they  were 
joined  by  Mrs.  Sewall  and  Mrs.  Harper  and  spent  several  days 
exploring  this  beautiful  island.  Then  Miss  Anthony  hastened 
to  gratify  her  dearest  wish  on  coming  to  Great  Britain,  which 
was  to  visit  her  much  loved  old  friends  at  Bristol,  Miss  Mary 
Estlin,  daughter  of  the  noted  oculist  and  friend  of  Coleridge, 
and  the  Misses  Margaret,  Mary  and  Anna  Priestman,  sisters- 

Griggs,  of  New  York,  who  went  abroad  with  her.  It  was  given  for  the  exiM-ess  purpose 
of  buying  a  cloak  in  'London,  and  very  much  against  her  judgment  she  was  persuaded 
into  getting  the  royal  purple  velvet  lined  with  white  satin,  which  some  of  her  friends 
decbred  gave  just  the  finishing  touch  of  elegance  to  her  evening  toilets.  She  herself 
wanted  one  of  black  velvet  that  she  could  wear  on  all  occasions. 


1 146  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

in-law  of  John  Bright.  Thence  she  journeyed  to  Edinburgh  for 
another  precious  visit  to  his  sister,  Mrs.  Priscilla  Bright  Mc- 
Laren, then  eighty-four  years  old,  whom  she  found  "just  as 
sweet  and  bright  as  sixteen  years  ago."^  She  remained  five  days 
in  this  lovely  home — Newington  House— enjoying  the  society  of 
the  daughter,  Dr.  Agnes  McLaren,  and  various  members  of  the 
Bright  family  and  driving  about  the  historic  city. 

On  returning  to  London  Miss  Anthony  went  to  Richmond 
Hill  to  spend  the  day  with  Miss  Rebecca  Moore,  now  past  eighty, 
who  had  been  the  English  correspondent  for  her  paper,  The 
Revolution,  thirty  years  ago.  The  diary  said,  "I  had  a  very 
pleasant  time  and  rode  home  on  the  roof  of  an  omnibus,  which 
gave  me  a  fine  top  view  of  things."  Then  she  went  down  to 
Basingstoke  for  a  three  days'  farewell  visit  with  Mrs.  Stanton 
Blatch,  who  was  almost  as  one  of  her  own  family,  and  August  lO 
y  she  sailed  for  home  on  the  Atlantic  Transport  Marquette. 

Miss  Anthony  found  a  number  of  acquaintances  on  board, 
/   among  them  the  Rev.  C.  E.  Hamilton,  of  the  first  M.  E.  Church 
j    of  Rochester.     He  conducted  the  Sunday  evening  services  and 
I   at  the  close  introduced  her  to  the  audience  with  eulogistic  re- 
1  marks.     Sunday  though  it  was  she  improved  the  occasion  by 
I  telling  them  why  women  ought  to  vote,  and  they  said  it  was 
I  just  as  good  as  a  sermon.    The  ship  entered  New  York  harbor 
'   the  afternoon  of  August  20.     When  the  customs  officer  exam- 
ined her  trunks  he  told  her  he  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  A.  N. 
Cole,  whom  she  described  as  "my  best  friend  in  that  stormy 
temperance  convention  of  1852."  ' 

One  day  of  New  York's  intense  heat  was  sufficient  to  start 
Miss  Anthony  on  the  fastest  train  for  her  own  cool  and  comfort- 
able home.  She  arrived  early  in  the  morning  and  the  diary  said, 
"Soon  after  six  o'clock  I  was  sitting  down  with  Sister  Mary 
enjoying  my  simple  breakfast  with  plenty  of  peaches  and  cream." 
/  Within  a  few  days  she  had  had  calls  from  over  fifty  friends  and 
had  been  interviewed  by  the  reporters  again  and  again,  finding 
I   a  fresh  idea  for  every  one.    To  the  Rochester  Post-Express  she 

^Volume  II,  page  569. 
'Volume  I,  page  70. 


L 


[1899]         THE   INTERNATIONAL    COUNCIL   IN    LONDON.  1 147 

•gave  a  clear  exposition  of  the  action  of  the  House  of  Lords, 

'While  the  Congress  was  in  session,  in  vetoing  the  bill  passed  by 

.  the  House  of  Commons  providing  that  women  should  sit  in  the 

/  London  County  Council,  quoting  from  memory  the  opinions 

/  expressed  by  the  Lord  Chancellor  and  the  Prime  Minister/   She 

I   described  the  Women's  Local  Government  Society,  naming  the 

!    officers  and  prominent  members ;  and  then  she  discussed  the  need 

f     of  women  on  government  boards  in  the  United  States.    On  this 

I     point  she  said :   "In  the  sphere  of  local  administration,  at  least, 

the  special  gifts  of  women  are  sure  to  be  utilized  before  many 

years.    Certainly  the  public  should  not  be  fettered  in  its  choice 

of  servants  to  do  its  bidding  and  administer  its  offices.     The 

time  has  gone  by  when  political  disabilities  were  imposed  on 

account  of  religion;  they  are  no  longer  imposed  for  reasons  of 

poverty,  and  the  time  must  come  when  they  shall  not  be  imposed 

for  reasons  of  sex." 

These  interviews  illustrated  Miss  Anthony's  keen  perceptions, 
her  wonderful  memory  and  her  broad  grasp  of  affairs — just  as 
the  trip  abroad  had  shown  her  superb  physical  condition — when 
she  was  nearing  her  eightieth  birthday.  The  writer  recalls  that 
many  evenings  when  they  were  going  out  for  the  customary 
walk  and  she  would  get  down  stairs  first,  which  she  always  did, 
she  would  skip  up  and  down  the  sidewalk  while  waiting,  and 
when  starting  would  say,  "O,  if  I  were  but  fifty  or  even  sixty 
years  old !  I  never  saw  so  much  to  do  nor  so  many  chances  for 
doing  it — but  I  think  I  am  good  for  a  great  deal  of  work  yet,  I 
feel  so  strong  and  well."  To  live  in  order  to  work — ^that  was 
her  ambition  at  the  end  of  fourscore  years. 

1  Ab  this  TOlume  is  being  written,  in  the  summer  of  1907,  a  bill  has  passed  both  Honses 
of  Parliament  by  large  majorities  making  women  eligible  as  councillors,  aldermen  and 
nuijon  of  any  county  or  borough  of  Great  Britain. 


CHAPTER  LIV. 

PLURAL    MARRIAGE — ^VICTORIA — WOMEN    COMMISSIONERS. 

1899. 

^HE  last  day  of  August  Miss  Anthony  went  to  Ge- 
neva, N.  Y.,  where  Mrs.  Stanton  was  visiting  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Smith  Miller,  and  here  in  this  delightful 
home,  its  spacious  grounds  swept  by  the  breezes  of 
Lake  Seneca  on  which  they  bordered,  the  three  old 
friends  of  fifty  years  had  several  happy  days  together.  Immedi- 
ately after  returning  home  Miss  Anthony  started  for  Strouds- 
burg,  Penn.,  the  diary  said,  "to  visit  my  dear,  first-adopted  niece, 
Rachel  Foster  Avery."  She  was  spending  the  summer  in  the 
mountains,  with  her  three  young  childen,  and  they  combined 
business  with  pleasure,  as  there  were  many  arrangements  to  be 
made  for  the  next  annual  convention,  which  would  mark  an  epoch 
in  the  National  Woman  Suffrage  Association. 

When  Miss  Anthony  was  at  home  she  was  constantly  impor- 
tuned to  address  all  sorts  of  gatherings  in  Rochester.  On  Sep- 
tember 10  she  spoke  to  the  Joseph  T.  Ailing  S.  S.  class  of  young 
men  in  the  Central  Presbyterian  Church  on  the  notorious  non- 
enforcement  of  law  in  the  city,  which  was  to  be  an  issue  in  the  fall 
elections.  In  a  column  report  the  Herald  quoted  Miss  Anthony 
as  saying : 

As  a  representative  of  the  most  radical  and  hence  the  most  unpopular  de- 
mand for  the  practical  application  of  the  Golden  Rule  as  the  basis  of  our  re- 
ligion, and  the  Declaration  of  Independence  as  the  basis  of  our  Government, 
I  esteem  the  invitation  to  address  this  class  not  only  a  high  honor  but  a  most 
significant  "sign  of  the  times."  I  shall  take  it  for  granted  that  the  members 
of  it  are  believers  in  good  government.  To  acquire  this  we  must  have  good 
citizens.  The  old  maxim  that  the  fountain  can  rise  no  higher  than  its  head, 

(I 148) 


[1899]    PLURAL   MARRIAGE — ^VICTORIA COMMISSIONERS.         II49 

is  no  truer  in  the  law  of  physics  than  in  the  law  of  political  ethics,  that  the 
government  can  be  no  higher  and  purer  than  the  majority  of  its  constituents. 
Hence,  if  our  city»  State  or  national  government  is  not  what  we  wish,  the 
remedy  is  not  in  securing  new  officials  but  larger  numbers  of  good  constitu- 
ents— in  other  words  make  the  source  higher. 

Is  it  not  fair  to  assume  that  men  alone  have  done  their  very  best  to  purify 
and  elevate  the  voting  constituency?  I  shall  not  charge  them  with  not  having 
tried  to  do  so.  Yet  today,  after  a  century-and-a-quarter  of  masculine  rule, 
new  political  parties  constantly  appearing  to  put  down  bribery,  corruption  and 
all  sorts  of  dishonesty  in  our  Government  are  proof  of  the  futility  of  their 
efforts. 

Miss  Anthony  then  gave  statistics  to  show  the  proportion  of 
women  in  the  churches  (three-fourths)  and  said:  "If  you  put 
the  ballot  in  the  hands  of  the  half  that  has  in  it  three  to  one  of  the 
best  citizens,  you  at  once  change  the  balance  of  law  abiding  voters. 
The  three  good  women  put  into  the  scales  with  one  good  man 
would  certainly  be  a  help  in  bringing  over  to  the  right  side  enough 
voters  to  elect  officials  who  would  enforce  laws.  Legislators  and 
officers  are  powerless  to  bring  about  reforms  and  maintain  them 
because  they  are  not  supported  by  the  women  in  the  community 
who  would  make  it  possible  for  them  to  carry  out  their  policies 
without  facing  defeat  for  re-election." 

After  describing  the  results  of  women's  municipal  suffrage  in 
Canada  and  Kansas  Miss  Anthony  closed  by  saying :  "Although 
I  doubt  if  it  will  be  possible  to  have  any  extended  and  permanent 
reform  in  the  liquor  traffic  until  women  are  in  a  position  to  stand 
back  of  the  effort  with  ballots,  still  I  advise  you  young  men  to 
vote  for  the  candidate  for  mayor  who  pledges  himself  to  try  to  en- 
force law  and  order,  and  I  urge  you  not  to  forget  to  uphold  the 
hands  of  such  a  man  after  he  has  been  elected." 

Miss  Anthony  addressed  a  meeting  at  the  Zion  A.  M.  E. 
Church,  and,  although  complying  with  their  request  to  talk  about 
her  trip  abroad,  she  did  not  fail  to  express  her  faith  in  the  colored 
race  and  her  appreciation  of  what  they  had  already  accomplished. 
Speaking  of  the  new  statue  to  Frederick  Douglass  in  Rochester 
she  said :  "I  wonder  how  the  mistake  was  made  of  having  it  face 
the  South.  It  ought  not  be  so  and  I  shall  endeavor  to  have  it 
changed.    He  always  faced  the  North ;  his  paper  was  called  the 


1 150  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

'North  Star/  and  I  do  not  like  to  see  him  looking  back  to  the 
South." 

At  the  desire  of  a  neighbor  and  friend,  Miss  Frank  Reichen- 
bach,  principal  of  School  No.  i,  Miss  Anthony  spoke  at  the  dedi- 
cation of  her  handsome  new  school  building,  October  4.  She 
wrote  a  great  many  encouraging  letters  to  State  suffrage  conven- 
tions during  the  autumn  but  attended  only  one,  that  of  New  York, 
at  Dunkirk,  November  1-4,  where  she  addressed  a  large  audience 
on  the  opening  evening. 

A  considerable  portion  of  Miss  Anthony's  time  and  strength 
was  given  in  aid  of  the  effort  which  was  being  made  to  put  a 
woman  on  the  school  board  of  Rochester.  To  the  usual  cry  that 
it  was  unconstitutional  she  said  in  an  interview :  "There  never 
seems  to  be  any  difficulty  in  stretching  the  laws  and  the  constitu- 
tion to  fit  any  kind  of  a  political  deal,  but  when  it  is  proposed  to 
make  some  concession  to  women  they  loom  up  like  an  unscalable 
wall."  She  then  quoted  from  a  dozen  different  States  where 
women  were  rendering  excellent  and  satisfactory  service  on  school 
boards.  She  did  everything  in  her  power  to  secure  the  election 
of  Mrs.  Helen  Barrett  Montgomery,  both  then  and  in  her  subse- 
quent candidacy  at  different  times  in  the  next  seven  years,  sup- 
ported her  policies  and  took  great  pride  in  her  notable  record. 

The  State  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs  met  in  Rochester 
November  9-12  and  Miss  Anthony  was  a  highly  honored  guest, 
sat  on  the  platform  at  the  right  hand  of  the  president,  Mrs.  Wil- 
liam Tod  Helmuth,  and  received  marked  attention  at  all  the  social 
functions.  She  was  made  chairman  of  the  section  of  Political 
Study  and  the  journal  said :  "I  am  informed  that  there  are  to  be 
six  brief  addresses  but  none  of  them  must  mention  woman  suf- 
frage— ^they  must  talk  of  the  study  of  politics  but  not  one  word 
of  its  practical  application ! !" 

Miss  Anthony  behaved  beautifully  all  through  the  convention 
— ^whatever  she  may  have  been  thinking  to  herself — ^until  the  very 
last  day,  and  then  she  dropped  her  bomb.  A  wave  of  hysteria 
had  been  sweeping  over  the  country  and  large  numbers  of  women 
had  been  besieging  Congress  not  to  seat  Brigham  H.  Roberts, 
elected  Representative  from  Utah  and  a  polygamist.    The  man- 


[1899]    PLURAL    MARRIAGE — ^VICTORIA COMMISSIONERS.         II5I 

agers  of  the  convention  had  not  intended  to  have  the  subject 
brought  up  and  it  had  no  place  in  the  official  resolutions  presented, 
but  a  delegate  offered  it  from  the  floor.  It  looked  as  if  it  would 
be  carried  and  the  president  hurriedly  appealed  to  Miss  Anthony 
to  "say  something."  Under  the  spur  of  the  moment  she  came 
forward  and  said  that  she  saw  "no  reason  for  protesting  against 
the  seating  of  a  Mormon  who  had  violated  the  law  of  monogamy 
and  yet  never  raising  a  voice  against  seating  in  Congress,  or  any 
other  high  official  body.  Gentile  men  known  to  be  violators  of 
that  law  and  many  others  for  the  protection  of  women  and  girls 
outside  of  Utah.'' 

The  resolution  was  defeated  and  the  president,  turning  to  Miss 
Anthony,  said,  "I  thank  you."  That  evening  over  one  hundred 
of  the  delegates  called  at  the  Anthony  home  with  every  demon- 
stration of  respect  and  friendship.  Some  of  the  others,  however, 
were  deeply  incensed  at  her  remarks ;  the  newspapers  of  the  en- 
tire country  commented  on  them,  and  bishops,  ministers  and 
many  prominent  men  were  interviewed.  Some  of  them  agreed 
with  her,  among  them  the  well-known  Dr.  Charles  H.  Parkhurst, 
of  the  Madison  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church  of  New  York,  who 
said :  "The  thing  that  Susan  B.  Anthony  contends  against  will 
certainly  continue  until  violating  the  Seventh  Commandment 
damages  a  man's  reputation  as  much  as  it  does  a  woman's.  The 
wickedness  of  Gentile  polygamy  does  not  wash  the  stain  out  of 
Mormon  polygamy,  but  there  is  a  trace  of  cowardice  and  a  taint 
of  h3rpocrisy  in  getting  hysterical  over  one  sinner  out  of  Utah  and 
forgetting  to  be  morally  and  religiously  indignant  over  precisely 
the  same  brand  of  iniquity  that  luxuriates  in  our  own  immediate 
midst." 

Miss  Anthony,  however,  was  so  terribly  misrepresented  and  so 
bitterly  denounced  that  at  last  she  found  it  necessary  to  define  her 
position,  which  she  did  in  the  New  York  World  as  follows : 

No  person  could  abhor  polygamy  more  than  myself,  but  I  detest  even 
more  the  license  taken  by  men  under  the  loose  morals  existing  in  what  the 
Mormons  call  the  Gentile  world.  It  is  not  that  I  uphold  polygamy  or  any  of 
its  exponents,  but  I  do  feel  more  charity  for  a  Mormon  who  has  been  taught 
from  his  birth  that  it  is  not  only  his  right  but  his  duty  to  God  to  enter  into 


1 1 52  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

plural  marriages,  and  that  the  man  who  has  the  greatest  number  of  wives 
stands  highest  in  God's  favor,  than  I  do  for  the  man  who  has  been  taught 
from  his  cradle  that  the  unpardonable  sin  is  the  desecration  of  womanhood; 
whose  religious  training  and  the  moral  code  of  civilization  in  which  he  is 
reared  both  make  it  a  crime  to  violate  the  Seventh  Commandment  and  the 
established  law  of  monogamy.  Yet,  judging  from  the  testimony  we  see  all 
about  us— our  Doors  of  Hope,  our  lying-in  and  foundling  hospitals  and  our 
fallen  womanhood — ^the  married  or  single  man  who  lives  a  pure  life  is  rare. 
I  have  more  respect  for  the  Mormon  polygamist,  who  follows  his  teachings 
and  lives  up  to  the  traditions  of  his  religious  sect  by  marrying  the  different 
women  with  whom  he  cohabits  and  supporting  them  and  their  children,  than 
I  have  for  the  man  who  defies  public  opinion  and  in  the  light  of  our  advanced 
*  civilization  and  religious  moral  teachings  gives  his  name  and  support  to  one 
woman  openly  while  secretly  desecrating  the  lives  of  others,  thus  committing 
a  crime  against  his  lawful  wife  as  well  as  the  other  women  whom  he  wrongs. 
If  he  have  no  wife  the  sin  is  as  great  against  morality,  and  he  should  suffer 
equally  with  the  woman. 

Therefore,  while  abhorring  the  principles  of  polygamy,  I  think  the  wives 
and  mothers  of  the  country  might  better  enter  into  a  crusade  against  the 
licentiousness  existing  all  around  us  and  polluting  our  manhood,  and  leave 
it  to  our  lawmakers  to  settle  the  matter  of  Roberts'  fitness  to  be  their  associate 
in  Congress. 

If  women  would  require  the  same  purity  in  men  that  men  require  in  women, 
and  if  mothers  would  refuse  to  entertain  in  their  homes  or  to  give  their 
virtuous  daughters  to  men  whom  they  know  to  have  transgressed  the  moral 
code,  society  would  soon  undergo  a  purification — a  revolution.  If  our  women 
would  take  this  decided  stand  it  would  strike  the  strongest,  most  decisive 
blow  at  polygamy;  for  the  root  of  the  two  evils — polygamy  in  Utah  and 
licentiousness  in  the  other  States — ^is  the  same,  and  nothing  but  the  highest 
moral  teaching  and  the  example  of  pure  lives  can  blot  out  either. 

With  that  man  Roberts  I  have  no  sympathy  personally.  He  is  a  strong 
anti-suffragist  and  did  all  in  his  power  to  prevent  the  women  of  Utah  from 
securing  the  ballot 

This  always  had  been  Miss  Anthony's  position.*  The  preced- 
ing April  she  had  written  a  letter  to  the  Anti-Polygamy  League 
for  Amending  the  Constitution,  forbidding  them  to  put  her  name 
on  their  national  committee  as  they  had  requested.  She  gave 
reasons  similar  to  those  just  quoted  and  ended  by  saying :  "As 
you  are  doubtless  aware  I  have  devoted  my  time  and  energy  for 
the  last  thirty  years  to  the  securing  of  a  Sixteenth  Amendment  to 
the  National  Constitution  that  should  protect  women  in  all  the 
States  from  disfranchisement  on  account  of  sex.    I  am  surer  to- 

*  Volume  I,  pages  388-390. 


[1899]    PLURAL   MARRIAGE — VICTORIA — COMMISSIONERS.         II53 

day  than  ever  that  with  the  right  to  a  voice  in  the  making  and 
unmaking  of  every  law  and  every  law-maker  in  the  hands  of  the 
women  of  this  nation,  there  would  be  no  need  pf  a  Seventeenth 
Amendment  'making  a  polygamist  or  a  libertine  ineligible  to 
public  office.' " 

In  order  to  complete  Miss  Anthony's  record  on  the  question  of 
polygamy  it  seems  advisable  to  publish  here  a  letter  pf  hers  writ- 
ten six  years  after  the  one  just  quoted.  There  had  been  several 
attempts  to  force  out  of  the  National  Council  of  Women  the  two 
Benevolent  Associations  of  Mormon  women.  Miss  Anthony,  as 
well  as  various  officers  of  the  Council,  had  firmly  resisted  these 
efforts,  holding  that  it  could  not  discriminate  against  race,  creed 
or  politics.  A  prominent  Mormon  woman,  whom  personally  Miss 
Anthony  liked  very  much  and  had  entertained  in  her  own  home, 
wrote  a  letter  thanking  her  for  this  stand  and  asking  permission 
to  put  her  name  and  picture  in  a  book  she  was  preparing,  as  one 
who  had  always  dared  to  be  a  friend  of  Mormon  women.  To 
this  Miss  Anthony  replied  December  31,  1905 : 

You,  like  others,  do  not  seem  to  know  the  difference  between  endorsing 
a  movement  itself  and  upholding  the  affiliation  with  the  National  Council  of 
organizations  composed  of  those  who  are  connected  with  that  movement.  I 
do  not  consider  that  I  endorsed  Mormonism,  or  the  beliefs  or  actions  of  Mor- 
mons, by  protesting  against  the  exclusion  from  the  Council  of  associations 
of  women  who  were  doing  a  large  humane  work,  because  they  belonged  to 
the  Mormon  Church.  I  cannot  let  you  use  my  name  in  any  way  in  your  book. 
You  fail  to  comprehend  that  I  am  among  those  who  hate  polygamy  and  all 
the  subjection  of  women  in  the  Mormon  faith. 

The  situation  is  indeed  bad  enough  as  we  have  it  in  what  you  call  "the 
Gentile  world,"  but  in  that  when  a  man  and  woman  consort  outside  of  the 
monogamic  marriage  they  do  so  against  the  law  of  the  State,  the  law  of  re- 
ligion and  the  law  of  society.  They,  (and  especially  the  woman),  who  are 
guilty  of  such  a  partnership  are  shunned  by  all  decent  people.  When  you 
justify  polygamy  as  a  requirement  of  religious  faith  you  make  it  entirely  too 
respectable.   I  recognize  no  excuse  for  it. 

Other  letters  of  a  public  and  a  private  nature  might  be  quoted 
but  surely  enough  evidence  has  been  presented  to  make  perfectly 
clear  Miss  Anthony's  attitude  on  this  question.  Her  lofty  ideas 
in  regard  to  the  marriage  relation  may  be  found  in  the  preceding 
volumes. 


1 1 54  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN   B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

For  several  days  during  the  second  week  of  December  Miss 
Anthony  was  in  Indianapolis,  the  guest  of  Mrs.  May  Wright 
Sewall,  to  assist  the  other  officers  of  the  National  Suffrage  Asso- 
ciation in  forming  a  State  organization,  the  old  one  for  various 
causes  having  gone  out  of  existence.  This  city  had  always  a 
sincere  welcome  for  her  and  she  had  only  enjoyable  memories 
connected  with  it.  An  interview  in  the  Sentinel  gave  this  pleas- 
ing picture : 

The  bright  sunlight  streamed  through  the  south  windows  of  Mrs.  Sewall's 
drawing  room  yesterday  morning  and  made  a  halo  about  the  head  of  Miss 
Susan  B.  Anthony.  She  carries  her  eighty  years  well,  walks  with  a  graceful, 
springing  step,  stands  erect  and  strong,  and  her  very  handclasp  denotes 
vitality  and  strength.  The  hair  brought  down  smoothly  covering  the  cars 
and  arranged  in  a  simple  knot  behind  is  snow-white.  The  blue  eyes  that 
look  at  one  through  gold-bowed  spectacles  seem  slightly  dimmed  until  some 
favorite  topic  comes  up,  then  they  sparkle  like  those  of  a  young  girl.  Miss 
Anthony  has  a  delightful  smile,  the  smile  and  laugh  of  real  enjoyment;  her 
love  of  fun  bubbles  all  through  her  talk.  She  will  pause  in  the  most  serious 
conversation  to  laugh  at  a  joke  and  her  sense  of  humor  is  very  keen.  Her 
voice  is  gentle  and  womanly  and  one  can  hardly  realize  what  a  vast  power 
she  has  been  and  still  is  on  the  platform.    .    .    . 

No  one  can  converse  with  Miss  Anthony  without  being  deeply  impressed 
with  her  personality,  for  her  magnetism  is  strong  and  her  manner  winning. 
She  does  not  rant,  she  does  not  argue;  she  puts  her  facts  tersely  and  is 
always  ready  to  see  the  other  side  of  a  question.  She  possesses  to  an  un- 
limited extent  the  tact  of  a  politician  and  a  leader  and  she  utters  more  com- 
mon sense  philosophy  in  the  course  of  a  half-hour  than  most  people  think  in 
a  whole  year. 

From  here  Miss  Anthony  journeyed  to  Detroit  to  attend  the 
convention  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor.  In  October  she 
had  written  its  president,  Samuel  F.  Gompers,  saying  she  felt  the 
time  had  come  when  great  bodies  of  men  should  give  practical 
assistance  to  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage.  She  had  urged  that 
able  women  should  be  permitted  to  present  the  subject  to  their 
conventions  and  that  the  delegates  should  petition  Congress  to 
submit  an  amendment  which  would  enable  women  to  vote,  and 
thus  continued : 

Now  that  our  government  is  proposing  to  formulate  constitutions  for  the 
Hawaiian  Islands,  Cuba,  Porto  Rico  and  the  Philippines,  I  want  not  only  that 
women  should  petition  Congress  to  leave  the  adjective  "male''  out  of  their 


/ 


[1899]    PLURAL   MARRIAGE — ^VICTORIA — COMMISSIONERS.         1 1 55 

'suffrage  clause,  but  also  I  want  to  rouse  the  men  of  all  the  different  associa- 
>tions  to  declare  for  woman  suffrage  and  to  join  with  us  in  demanding  of 
(  Congress  the  establishment  of  a  genuine  republican  form  of  government  in 
all  of  these  islands,  instead  of  foisting  upon  them  sex  oligarchies.  In  all 
probability  there  will  be  a  larger  ratio  of  intelligent  women  in  all  of  these 
newly-acquired  Territories  than  of  men,  because  the  vast  majority  of  mis- 
sionaries and  teachers  will  be  educated,  cultivated  women,  as  will  be  the 
wives  of  the  business  men  who  go  there  and  of  the  officials  who  will  be  sent 
by  the  United  States.  It  will  surely  be  a  great  crime  for  Congress  to  compel 
all  these  intelligent  women  to  be  without  any  voice  in  the  government  under 
which  they  live.  I  am  sure  you  will  agree  with  me  and  will  help  me  to  secure 
the  weight  of  the  influence  of  all  the  workingmen's  organizations  possible.^ 

Mr.  Gompers  sent  a  cordial  answer  and  she  was  assured  that 
an  opportunity  would  be  given  her  to  present  her  question.  On 
the  morning  of  December  12  Miss  Anthony  spoke  for  half-an- 
hour  to  Per  Gradus,  a  woman's  club,  and  in  the  afternoon  she  had 
just  lain  down  for  the  daily  nap  when  word  came  from  Secretary 
Frank  Morrison  that  she  was  to  go  at  once  and  address  the  Labor 
Convention.  She  dressed  quickly  and  hastened  to  the  hall  where 
she  was  received  with  the  greatest  enthusiasm.  She  made  her 
argument  and  the  four  hundred  delegates  adopted  by  a  rising  vote 
a  strong  resolution  demanding  that  Congress  take  the  neces^ry 
steps  for  enfranchising  women.*  Miss  Anthony  was  so  happy 
she  forgot  she  was  tired  and  went  to  a  Unitarian  supper  and  fair 
where  she  was  the  belle  of  the  evening. 

The  next  day  Miss  Anthony  visited  a  photographer  and  with 
her  usual  kindness  gave  a  number  of  sittings.  She  then  acceded 
to  a  request  that  she  would  address  the  students  of  Spencer's 
Business  College  and  spoke  forty  minutes.  After  this  she  went 
with  Miss  Octavia  W.  Bates  to  lunch  at  the  country  home  of  ex- 
Senator  T.  W.  Palmer.  While  in  Detroit  she  was  the  guest  of 
her  cousins,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  B.  M.  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Howard  M. 
Anthony.  She  reached  home  the  night  of  the  14th  and  the  diary 
said :  "Sister  Mary  had  kept  the  lamp  burning  and  one  eye  open 
tm  12  o'clock." 

lYear  axter  year  Miss  Anthony  sent  similar  letters  to  the  presidents  of  all  large  or* 
ganizations  of  men.  There  never  can  be  an  adequate  estimate  of  the  amount  of  work 
performed  by  that  tireless  brain  and  hand. 

'For  action  of  other  organizations  sec  Chapters  LV  and  LIX. 


IIS6  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

Miss  Anthony  "didn't  know  which  plunge  to  take  first — into 
the  mass  of  letters  or  the  article  for  the  World's  Centennial  Cal- 
endar on  the  Status  of  Woman  at  the  close  of  the  Nineteenth 
Century  and  the  Hope  for  the  Twentieth,"  but  as  she  loved  to 
write  letters  and  hated  to  prepare  articles,  the  Calendar  waited. 
The  next  Sunday  she  went  to  hear  Mrs.  Kate  Gannett  Wells 
speak  on  the  Legacy  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  Women  to  Those 
of  the  Twentieth.  The  journal  said :  "She  remembered  to  for- 
get to  name  the  climax  of  these  legacies — the  desire  for  a  voice  in 
the  government.  All  the  other  legacies  will  be  as  nothing  without 
this  for  the  Twentieth  Century  women." 

On  the  19th  Miss  Anthony  was  obliged  to  go  to  Butler,  Penn., 
to  fill  an  engagement  of  Miss  Shaw's  to  lecture  before  the  Teach- 
ers' Institute  the  next  day.  She  spoke  an  hour-and-a-half  to  a 
large  and  deeply  interested  audience,  and  the  next  morning  made 
a  brief  address  to  the  teachers  in  the  court  house.  The  evening 
before  her  lecture  she  went  to  hear  Dr.  R.  S.  MacArthur  of  the 
Calvary  Baptist  Church,  New  York,  and  the  journal  said :  "He 
gave  S.  B.  A.  a  great  puff — compared  her  to  Queen  Victoria.  I 
ought  to  have  gone  up  and  thanked  him,  but  I  sped  me  to  my  hotel 
and  to  bed."  The  hotel  was  crowded  and  a  gentleman  kindly 
gave  up  his  handsome  room  to  her.  "But  alas !  I  couldn't  sleep 
for  the  smell  of  the  creosote  everywhere,"  said  the  diary.  "When 
I  pulled  the  blankets  up  around  my  neck  it  was  fairly  suffocating." 
She  was  not  used  to  the  Pennsylvania  coal  regions. 

Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Mary  took  Christmas  dinner  with  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Gannett,  as  they  had  done  so  many  times  before,  and 
there  were  the  usual  number  of  remembrances  from  far  and  near, 
more  than  usual  from  abroad  because  of  friendships  renewed  and 
made  at  the  International  Council  of  Women  within  the  past  year. 

During  the  holiday  season  the  present  writer,  just  home  from 
Europe,  was  asked  by  the  McClure  syndicate  to  go  to  Rochester 
and  get  Miss  Anthony's  impressions  of  Queen  Victoria  and  her 
reception  of  the  Council.  This  interview  filled  several  columns 
and  in  the  course  of  it  she  said : 


The  Queen  is  a  close  student  of  public  questions,  vexy  conservative 


in 


[1899]   PLURAL   MARRIAGE — ^VICTORIA — COMMISSIONERS.         1 1 57 

speech  and  action,  and  discriminates  carefully  in  the  people  and  the  affairs 
that  receive  her  personal  sanction.  This  Congress,  representing  a  score  of 
nationalities,  stood  strongly  and  unmistakably  for  the  new  era  in  woman- 
hood. These  were  the  uncompromising  advocates  of  the  highest  education, 
of  the  opening  of  all  avenues  of  employment,  including  the  professions,  and 
of  the  franchise  on  the  same  terms  as  for  men.  The  Queen  was  fully  cog- 
nizant of  all  this,  and  her  gracious  and  kindly  reception  cannot  have  any 
other  interpretation  than  approval  of  the  aims  of  this  International  Congress 
of  Women.    .    .    . 

I  thought  Her  Majesty  was  a  very  human  looking  woman — a  good,  motherly 
woman.  That  is  usually  one's  first  impression  in  meeting  royalty  or  nobility 
— ^that  they  are  much  like  other  people — that  is,  refined  and  cultured  people. 
It  was  difficult  to  realize  her  age.  I  always  feel  when  I  meet  persons  who 
are  eighty,  "How  very  old  that  is  I"  and  then  all  of  a  sudden  I  think,  "Why 
I  am  eighty  myself  I"  and  it  seems  impossible.  The  Queen  is  a  most  con- 
spicuous example  to  refute  the  oft  repeated  assertion  that  public  life  destroys 
the  feminine  instincts  and  unfits  women  for  home  duties.  As  the  mother  of 
nine  children  and  head  of  the  largest  household  in  the  world,  she  always  has 
been  distinguished  for  her  wifely  and  maternal  devotion  and  for  her  thrift 
and  ability  in  managing  her  domestic  affairs. 

Miss  Anthony  gave  many  instances  and  continued :  "With  all 
these  essentially  feminine  qualities,  nevertheless  history  shows 
that  she  is  one  of  the  keenest  students  of  politics,  and  that,  when 
she  signs  or  withholds  her  signature  from  any  official  document, 
her  decision  displays  clear  discrimination  and  rigid  conscientious- 
ness."   After  illustrating  this  point  she  added  with  much  feeling : 

However  much  I  appreciate  her  splendid  record  I  cannot  but  remember 
that  in  all  matters  connected  with  women  she  has  been  very  conservative, 
never  wholly  yielding  her  assent  to  any  innovation  until  it  was  already  prac- 
tically established.  I  have  no  recollection  of  her  ever  giving  her  influence  for 
any  improvement  in  the  laws  relating  to  women.  Take  for  instance  the  three 
great  movements  in  England — ^the  abolition  of  the  Contagious  Diseases  Act, 
the  obtaining  of  property  rights  for  wives  and  of  suffrage  for  women — ^the 
Queen  has  appeared  wholly  oblivious  when  a  word  from  her  would  have 
turned  the  scales.  .  .  .  The  difficulty  with  the  Queen  all  the  way  through 
— one  horn  or  the  other  of  the  dilemma  we  must  accept — ^has  been  either  that 
she  has  felt  popular  sentiment  would  not  sustain  her  or  else  she  has  lacked 
the  philosophy  to  discern  the  relation  between  political  power  in  the  hands  of 
women  and  the  improved  condition  of  society  which  she  herself  has  labored 
sixty  years  to  secure.  I  am  inclined  to  think  she  has  failed  in  this  perception 
rather  than  that  she  has  desired  to  cater  to  the  public. 

Miss  Anthony  paid  high  tribute  to  the  Queen's  attitude  in  op- 
position to  war,  but  expressed  regret  that  home  rule  for  Ireland 


1 1 58  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

had  not  been  granted  during  her  reign,  saying :  "Civilization  and 
education  have  gone  so  far  that  it  is  impossible  for  the  people  of 
any  progressive  colony  or  nation  to  be  content  without  local  self- 
government  and  a  proportional  share  in  national  representation." 
She  thus  concluded :  "However  I  do  not  wish  to  go  into  the  poli- 
tics or  the  religion  of  this  contest.  It  is  a  family  and  a  church 
feud  and  not  one  for  outsiders  to  try  to  settle.  On  this,  as  on  all 
public  questions,  whether  between  nations  or  the  parties  within  a 
nation,  I  must  hold  to  the  one  conclusion,  viz :  They  never  can 
be  settled  wisely,  justly  or  permanently  except  by  the  combined 
judgment  of  men  and  women,  instead  of  that  of  men  alone,  and 
with  due  regard  to  the  will  of  the  whole  instead  of  one-half  the 
people." 

An  amusing  illustration  of  the  way  Miss  Anthony  utilized 
every  moment  of  other  people's  time  as  well  as  her  own  occurred 
during  this  few  days'  stay.  Scarcely  was  the  ink  dry  on  this  in- 
terview when  she  began  bringing  down  into  the  study  arm-loads 
of  dusty  documents  from  the  attic,  and  to  an  amazed  inquiry  she 
made  answer,  "Fve  been  thinking  for  some  time  that  we  ought  to 
put  into  pamphlet  form  all  of  the  favorable  Congressional  Reports 
ever  made  on  woman  suffrage  and  we'll  do  it  right  now !"  And, 
thanks  to  Miss  Anthony's  energy  and  determination  and  her  habit 
of  saving  the  records,  the  twelve-page  pamphlet  was  put  into 
shape,  which  is  still  in  circulation,  containing  a  resume  of  these 
valuable  reports.  It  does  not  state  what  is  the  indisputable  fact 
that  all  but  one  of  these  reports  were  the  direct  result  of  Miss 
Anthony's  own  personal  effort.*  The  pamphlet  closes  with  this 
paragraph : 

No  petitions  for  human  liberty  have  equalled  in  the  number  of  signatures 
those  presented  to  Congress  during  the  past  thirty  years  by  the  women  of  the 
nation  asking  for  their  enfranchisement  They  urge  the  submission  of  the 
Sixteenth  Amendment  in  order  that  this  question  may  be  taken  before  the 
Legislatures  of  the  various  States,  instead  of  having  to  depend  upon  the  slow 
process  of  gaining  the  consent  of  the  masses  of  voters  in  each  separate  State. 
Not  a  step  in  the  progress  of  women — ^higher  education,  increased  property 
rights,  larger  industrial  opportunities — could  have  been  gained  if  it  had  de- 
pended upon  the  individual  votes  of  a  majority  of  the  men.  It  would  be  only 

*  History  of  Woman  Suffrage,  Volume  IV,  page  366. 


[1899]    PLURAL   MARRIAGE — ^VICTORIA — COMMISSIONERS.         IISQ 

an  act  of  simple  justice  for  Congress  to  grant  their  prayer  and  permit  them 
to  refer  the  final  decision  to  the  Legislatures  of  their  respective  States. 

How  many,  many  times  during  those  thirty  years,  and  six  more 
added  to  them,  did  Miss  Anthony  offer  her  petitions,  arguments 
and  appeals  to  Congress,  only  to  have  them  fall  on  deaf  ears, 
hardened  hearts  and  calloused  consciences ! 

Among  many  other  matters  that  were  claiming  the  attention  of 
Miss  Anthony  during  this  busy  year  was  that  of  an  official  repre- 
sentation of  the  women  of  the  United  States  at  the  Paris  Exposi- 
tion of  1900.  She  considered  this  of  great  importance,  and,  re- 
membering the  splendid  work  of  Mrs.  Bertha  Honore  Palmer  as 
president  of  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  of  the  Columbian  Ex- 
position, wrote  her  on  the  subject  and  asked  if  she  would  accept 
an  appointment  as  commissioner.    Mrs.  Palmer  answered : 

Thank  you  very  much  for  your  kind  letter.  You  are  very  good  to  remem- 
ber me  and  I  am  more  than  ever  impressed  by  your  constant  care  for  all 
the  interests  of  women.  It  would  be  most  unfortunate  if  no  woman  were 
appointed  by  our  Government  for  the  Paris  Exposition,  because  it  would  be 
a  retrograde  step  after  our  very  advanced  position  during  the  Columbian 
Exposition.  All  the  world  would  notice  the  changed  policy,  and  the  abandon- 
ment of  the  field  just  when  we  were  carrying  conviction  to  other  Govern- 
ments would  be  most  disastrous.    .    .    . 

With  the  warmest  thanks  for  your  kind  remembrance  and  hoping  that  we 
soon  may  have  the  pleasure  of  welcoming  you  to  Chicago. 

Strong  pressure  was  brought  to  bear  upon  President  McKinley 
during  1898  and  1899  and  there  was  supposed  to  be  no  doubt  that 
one  or  more  women  would  be  appointed,  but  under  date  of  De- 
cember I,  1899,  Mrs.  Palmer  wrote  Miss  Anthony: 

I  fear  the  President  is  not  going  to  appoint  women  on  the  Paris  Commis- 
sion and  I  write  in  haste  to  say  that  I  think  a  few  letters  showing  that  women 
are  really  in  earnest  would  be  very  valuable  at  this  moment.  The  appoint- 
ments will  probably  be  announced  soon  after  Mr.  Peck  goes  to  Washington, 
about  December  10. 
^  The  point  raised  is  that  the  President  fears,  as  the  Act  of  Congress  says 
he  is  to  appoint  twelve  "Commissioners,"  that  he  cannot  legally  appoint 
women.  We  all  know  what  rubbish  that  is,  and  that  the  President  would  not 
like  to  give  to  the  public  such  foolishness.  A  commissioner  is  "one  who  is 
commissioned/'  without  reference  to  age,  sex  or  previous  condition. 
Would  you  be  willing  to  be  one  of  several  women  at  the  head  of  large  and 

Ant.  Ill— 4 


Il6o  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1899] 

influential  organizations  to  unite  in  sending  him  letters  that  would  be  almost 
uniform  in  substance,  thus  showing  that  they  were  acting  together?  Your 
letter  should  give  the  resolution  passed  by  your  organization  asking  for  the 
appointment  of  women;  state  how  many  members  you  have  and  say  further, 
quite  simply,  without  any  effort  to  argue  the  question,  that  you  have  heard 
that  he  hesitates  only  because  he  fears  it  might  be  illegal  to  appoint  a  woman 
in  view  of  the  word  ''Commissioners"  in  the  Act  of  G>ngress,  and  ask  him 
if  he  will  be  good  enough  to  tell  you  if  he  so  construes  the  Act,  as  your  or- 
ganization has  a  deep  interest  in  learning  this  decision. 

Please  add  anything  that  occurs  to  you  about  your  wish  to  have  women  ap- 
pointed, and  that  you  are  sure  you  must  have  been  misinformed  as  to  his 
narrow  construction  of  the  words  of  the  Act,  etc.  I  know  you  will  pardon 
my  venturing  to  suggest  a  form  for  your  letter.  It  is  only  because  the  letters 
would  be  stronger  if  the  presidents  or  organizations  seemed  to  be  acting 
together,  and  the  time  is  too  short  for  consultations.  Argument  on  the  main 
point  is  useless,  as  Mr.  McKinley  would  only  make  that  an  excuse  for  not 
reading  the  letters,  and  really  the  matter  is  too  plain  to  require  discussion. 
It  is  merely  a  quibble. 

'  I  need  not  say  that  this  is  not  at  all  a  personal  matter  with  me  save  that 
I  should  feel  it  a  tacit  reproach  upon  the  Board  of  Lady  Managers  if  no 
women  were  on  the  Paris  Commission. 

I  have  heard  much  of  your  splendid  meeting  in  London.  If  my  invitation 
had  reached  me  I  would  surely  have  been  present.  With  kindest  regards  and 
always  great  sympathy  in  all  your  undertakings,  as  ever  yours. 

Miss  Anthony  lost  no  time  in  preparing  and  circulating  a 
strong  letter  to  the  President,  which  was  signed  by  her  own  or- 
ganization and  many  others.  She  was  not  satisfied  even  with  this 
"but  went  in  person  to  make  an  earnest  appeal  to  Mr.  McKinley 
to  appoint  a  woman  commissioner  and  to  name  Mrs.  Palmer. 
Later  she  used  her  good  offices  to  obtain  the  appointment  of  Mrs. 
May  Wright  Sewall  as  official  delegate  to  represent  the  organized 
work  of  women  in  the  United  States.  Both  appointments  were 
made  by  President  McKinley,  and  the  results  justified  their 
wisdom. 


CHAPTER  LV. 

RESIGNS   PRESIDENCY   OF   THE   NATIONAL   ASSOCIATION. 

1900. 

^  HE  belief  of  Miss  Anthony  that  a  large  and  fruitful 
field  of  work  lay  in  presenting  the  subject  of  woman 
suffrage  to  conventions  of  men  and  securing  reso- 
lutions from  them  has  been  referred  to.  On  Janu- 
ary 13,  1900,  she  had  an  opportimity  to  address  in 
her  own  city  of  Rochester  a  convention  of  the  Bricklayers'  and 
Masons'  International  Union.  She  spoke  by  invitation  and  a  full 
report  of  her  address  was  taken  by  their  stenographer  and  pub- 
lished in  their  official  organ.  This  paper  said :  "Miss  Anthony 
was  greeted  with  an  ovation  on  entering  the  room  and  again  on 
rising  to  speak,  and  her  first  words  were  lost  in  the  continued 
applause."  Such  an  audience  was  most  stimulating  and  she  was 
equal  to  the  occasion;  those  who  heard  her  said  it  seemed  im- 
possible that  in  a  few  weeks  she  would  be  eighty  years  old.  She, 
sketched  the  progressive  history  of  the  franchise  as  it  was  ex- 
tended to  one  class  after  another  until  only  women  were  left; 
then  she  traced  the  evolution  of  woman's  work  from  the  home  to 
the  factory  and  showed  how  men  wage  earners  were  suffering 
from  the  competition  of  women's  disfranchised  and  therefore 
degraded  labor,  and  said :  "Slave  labor  used  to  be  the  enemy  of 
free  labor,  but  now  that  all  labor  is  free  we  have  learned  that  it 
must  be  not  only  free  but  enfranchised."  She  gave  many  in-, 
stances  of  the  great  disadvantage  of  being  without  a  vote  and  said 
at  the  close  of  her  speech : 

Help  women  to  become  enfranchised.  Do  this  that  we  may  be  able  to  join 
with  you  to  bring  about  the  good  that  we  all  desire.  Think  of  the  waste  of 
Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton's  life— she  is  in  her  eighty-fifth  year  now,  and  all  of 

(1161) 


Il62  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

her  working  days  have  been  spent  in  begging  for  the  tools  to  work  with! 
Think  of  what  she  might  have  done  for  the  world  if  she  had  had  these  at 
the  beginning!  And  I  make  bold  to  say  that  I  myself  could  have  done  more 
if  I  had  had  the  tools — ^the  ballot  and  the  opportunities  that  the  ballot  gives — 
put  into  my  hands  at  first  instead  of  having  had  to  spend  fifty  years  in  plead- 
ing for  them.  Your  own  interest  demands  that  you  should  seek  to  make 
women  your  political  equals,  for  then,  instead  of  their  being,  as  now,  a  dead 
weight  to  drag  down  all  workingmen,  a  stumbling  block  in  their  path,  a 
hindrance  to  their  efforts  to  secure  better  wages  and  more  favorable  legis- 
lation, the  workingwomen  would  be  an  added  strength,  politically,  indus- 
trially, morally. 

Women  should  vote  for  the  sake  of  the  home.  By  working  to  give  your 
wives  and  daughters  the  ballot  you  would  be  working  to  double  the  repre- 
sentation of  the  home  in  government ;  for  the  lowest  men — ^the  men  who  make 
up  the  slum  vote,  the  floating  vote,  the  vote  that  can  be  bought  by  anyone 
for  any  measure — these  men  seldom  have  homes  and  women  in  them  whose 
votes  could  be  added  to  theirs.  It  is  the  honest,  hardworking  men,  with  homes 
and  families,  those  who  have  done  most  to  build  up  this  country  and  who 
are  the  bone  and  sinew  sustaining  it  today,  who  have  most  to  gain  from 
women's  getting  the  ballot.  But  the  best  argument  of  all  is  justice — ^the  sister 
should  have  the  same  rights  as  her  brother,  the  wife  as  her  husband,  the 
mother  as  her  son.    .    .    . 

I  appeal  to  you  as  men,  I  appeal  to  3rou  as  brothers,  I  appeal  to  you  as 
voters  of  this  republic,  clothed  with  the  regal  power  of  the  ballot,  I  appeal 
to  you  as  sovereigns !  We  want  the  same  political  rights  that  you  have,  the 
same  weapons  that  you  have;  and  we  will  stand  by  our  fellow  women  and 
fellow  men  as  loyally  as  you  now  stand  by  each  other. 

The  printed  report  punctuated  this  address  with  "loud  ap- 
plause," "yes,  yes,"  "you're  right,"  and  said,  "Miss  Anthony 
closed  amid  a  storm  of  applause  and  every  delegate  in  the  hall 
sprang  to  his  feet  and  stood  while  the  vote  of  thanks  was  given." 
One  can  hardly  overestimate  the  value  of  such  an  argument  be- 
fore the  representatives  from  all  parts  of  the  country  of  this  large 
and  influential  body  of  organized  labor.* 

The  event  of  1900  which  ever  will  be  most  strongly  impressed 
upon  those  engaged  in  the  movement  for  woman  suffrage  was  the 
retirement  of  Miss  Anthony  from  the  presidency  of  the  National 
Association.  In  describing  it  the  writer  has  drawn  freely  from 
the  account  in  the  History  of  Woman  Suffrage,  Volume  IV,  as 
that  was  written  very  soon  after  the  occurrence  and  under  its 

^  For  further  accounts  of  MIbs  Anthony's  eflforts  with  conventions  see  Chapters  LIV 
and  LIX. 


[igOO]  RESIGNS   THE   PRESIDENCY,  1 1 63 

wonderfully  inspiring  influence,  when  every  incident  was  fresh  in 
memory  and  the  enthusiasm  still  lingered  to  quicken  the  mind 
and  vivify  the  pen. 

The  convention,  February  8-14,  was  held  in  Miss  Anthony's 
beloved  Washington,  the  one  place  above  all  others  which  she 
would  choose  for  the  end  of  her  official  career,  for  here  the  asso- 
ciation's annual  meetings  had  beg^n  in  1870  and  hither  its  dele- 
gates had  journeyed  every  succeeding  year  with  three  exceptions. 
In  no  other  city  did  she  feel  so  much  at  home  when  presiding  over 
a  convention,  and  in  none  did  the  audiences  seem  so  sympathetic, 
because  nowhere  else  were  they  so  cosmopolitan,  and  naturally 
those  from  all  localities  who  were  interested  in  woman  suffrage 
would  come  to  the  meetings.  It  had  been  her  desire  to  keep  the 
matter  a  secret,  but,  as  she  expressed  it,  she  "probably  confided  it 
to  one  too  many,"  and  so  she  was  obliged  to  tell  a  New  York 
paper  about  the  resignation  some  time  before  it  took  place.  "It 
has  been  for  several  years  my  intention,"  she  said,  "to  hold  the 
presidency  only  until  I  had  rounded  out  fourscore,  in  order  that 
the  younger  women,  who  have  actually  been  doing  the  work  of 
the  association  for  the  last  decade,  might  feel  that  they  had  on 
their  shoulders  the  full  responsibility  before  the  world."  It  was 
so  like  Miss  Anthony  to  say  that  the  other  women  had  been  doing 
the  work  for  ten  years !  And  then  with  the  optimism  which  never 
deserted  her  she  said : 

The  hardships  of  the  last  half-century  are  forgotten  as  I  look  at  the  won- 
derful evolution  of  the  womanhood  of  this  nation.  From  an  absolute  non- 
entity in  the  government  of  the  home,  the  church  and  the  State,  woman 
is  now  an  authority  in  the  first,  a  power  in  the  second  and  a  largely  recog- 
nized factor  in  the  last.  In  philanthropy,  in  education  and  in  the  social  world 
she  takes  the  lead.  With  present  economic  conditions  women  are  the  leisure 
class,  and  intelligent  men  are  beginning  to  see  the  necessity  of  utilizing  their 
great  abilities  in  the  law-making  and  law-enforcing  departments  of  the  Gov- 
ernment. When  women  themselves  awake  to  the  ultimate  destiny  to  which 
all  these  changes  are  tending,  they  will  rise  en  masse  to  demand  their  right- 
ful place  in  the  world  as  the  peers  of  men  in  the  administration  of  its  affairs. 
If  they  could  only  be  made  to  realize  what  a  revolution  this  will  bring  about 
in  social  and  political  conditions  they  would  not  delay  nor  shirk  their  re- 
sponsibility. That  the  younger  workers,  into  whose  hands  I  shall  commit 
the  sacred  trust  with  the  greatest  confidence,  may  speedily  bring  this  to  pass 
is  my  earnest  wish. 


1 164  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

Just  before  the  convention  opened  the  present  writer  said  in  a 
syndicate  article :  "When  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  lays  down  the 
gavel  this  week  as  president  of  the  National  Suffrage  Association, 
she  will  have  rounded  out  nearly  fifty  years  in  office.  The  most 
» significant  fact  in  this  connection  is  that  she  has  never  received 
one  cent  of  salary,  but,  on  the  contrary,  has  put  into  the  cause 
every  dollar  she  has  earned'  during  all  that  time.  When  she  dies 
and  her  slender  annuity  ceases,  it  will  be  found  that  she  has  left 
behind  nothing  of  a  money  value  as  the  result  of  her  long  and 
unflagging  toil.  This  result  must  be  measured  alone  by  the  dif- 
ference between  the  status  of  women  now  and  fifty  years  ago.  It 
does  not  need  to  be  put  into  words,  but  just  one  woman  in  all  the 
wprld  has  given  every  day  of  her  life  for  half-a-century  to  bring 
about  this  evolution." 

After  reviewing  the  early  work  of  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs. 
Stanton,  it  continued : 

The  first  "tnemoriar  ever  sent  to  Congress  asking  for  the  enfranchisement 
of  women  was  prepared  by  these  two  in  1867.  They,  with  others,  organized  in 
1869,  in  New  York  City,  the  First  National  Woman  Suffrage  Association. 
Miss  Anthony  has  missed  only  two  or  three  of  its  thirty-one  annual  conven- 
tions. How  many  State  and  local  conventions  she  has  attended  it  would  be 
impossible  to  say,  but  many  hundred  without  doubt.  The  first  "hearing"  ever 
granted  to  women  by  a  Congressional  Committee  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
senting their  claims  to  the  ballot  was  arranged  by  her  in  1869,  and  they  have 
appeared  before  every  Congress  since  that  time.  The  statement  can  be  made 
without  challenge  that  Miss  Anthony  has  been  directly  behind  all  the  con- 
gressional action  ever  taken  on  this  subject.  How  many  letters  she  has  writ- 
ten, how  many  interviews  she  has  held  with  Senators  and  Representatives  to 
secure  even  the  little  that  has  been  done,  never  can  be  computed,  and  always 
with  mental  protest  and  revolt  of  spirit.  She  loathes  this  begging  and  im- 
portuning, and  would  infinitely  prefer  being  burned  at  the  stake  if  that  would 
accomplish  the  purpose. 

Referring  to  Miss  Anthony's  declaration  that  she  did  not  re- 
gret giving  up  the  presidency  the  article  said : 

And  yet  those  who  know  her  best  know  that  it  is  not  without  a  pang  that 
she  relinquishes  the  management  of  an  organization  which  she  has  controlled 
since  its  beginning.  When  thirty  years  ago  she  gave  into  other  hands  her 
paper,  The  Revolution,  into  which  she  had  put  her  toil,  her  ambition,  her 
very  soul,  she  wrote  to  a  friend :  "I  feel  a  great,  calm  sadness  like  that  of  a 
mother  binding  out  a  dear  child."    And  this  feeling  is  in  her  heart  today. 


[1900]  RESIGNS   THE   PRESIDENCY.  1 1 65 

but  the  world  will  never  know  it  from  this  heroic  Spartan.  She  has  said 
that  the  younger  women  must  learn  to  bear  the  burdens  and  accept  the  re- 
sponsibilities, but  it  is  not  to  get  rid  of  these  that  she  retires  from  office.  She 
comes  of  a  long-lived  race  and  expects  to  live  and  work  for  many  years,  but, 
nevertheless,  she  realizes  that  after  one  has  passed  fourscore  the  tenure  is 
precarious.  There  are  several  important  things  which  she  is  determined  yet  to 
accomplish,  and  which  she  cannot  do  in  addition  to  the  arduous  duties  of  her 
office.    .    .    . 

Not  long  ago  as  we  were  walking  out  together  and  I  was  trying  to  keep 
pace  with  her  rapid  steps,  she  exclaimed,  "Oh,  if  I  were  but  thirty  years 
younger !  The  plans  crowd  upon  me  and  everywhere  I  see  new  opportunities 
for  pushing  this  work,  but  I  can't  rouse  the  women  to  take  advantage  of 
them.  They  are  willing,  but  they  don't  know  how."  And  then,  like  a  great 
General  or  an  experienced  politician,  she  began  outlining  a  campaign,  which, 
if  the  women  of  the  country  had  the  desire  and  the  ability  to  carry  out,  would 
unquestionably  secure  the  suffrage  in  a  few  years.  No  one  can  study  the 
victories,  legal,  civil,  political,  social,  gained  by  women  during  the  past  half- 
century  without  recognizing  in  Susan  B.  Anthony  the  master  mind  which 
made  them  possible. 

Interest  in  Miss  Anthony's  contemplated  action  soon  became 
wide  spread ;  sketches  of  her  career  and  of  the  movement  whose 
history  was  almost  synonymous  with  her  own  appeared  in  most 
of  the  leading  papers  and  magazines ;  special  reporters  were  sent 
to  Washington  and  the  celebration  of  her  eightieth  birthday  at 
the  close  of  the  convention  was  in  the  nature  of  a  national  event. 
Miss  Anthony  seemed  at  the  very  zenith  of  her  powers.  She  pre- 
sided at  three  public  sessions  of  the  convention  daily  and  at  all  the 
business  meetings ;  held  a  day's  conference  and  made  a  speech  in 
Baltimore;  conducted  the  hearing  before  the  Senate  Committee; 
addressed  a  parlor  meeting  and  attended  several  dinners  and  re- 
ceptions; participated  in  her  own  great  birthday  festivities,  after- 
noon and  evening;  and  remained  for  nearly  a  week  pf  executive 
committee  meetings. 

As  she  rose  to  open  the  convention  there  were  many  a  moist 
eye  and  tightened  throat  at  the  thought  that  this  was  the  last  time. 
Her  fine  voice  with  its  rich  alto  vibrations  was  as  strong  and 
resonant  as  fifty  years  ago,  and  her  practical  matter-of-fact 
speech,  followed  by  Miss  Shaw's  lively  stories,  soon  dispelled  the 
sadness  and  put  the  audience  in  a  cheerful  mood.  Miss  Anthony 
commenced  by  saying:  "I  have  been  attending  conventions  in 
Washington  for  over  thirty  years.    It  is  good  for  us  to  come  to 


1 1 66  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.   ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

this  Mecca,  the  heart  of  our  nation.  Here  the  members  of  Con- 
gress from  all  parts  of  the  country  meet  together  to  deliberate  for 
the  best  interests  of  the  whole  Government  and  of  their  respective 
States ;  so  our  delegates  assemble  here  to  plan  for  the  best  inter- 
ests of  our  cause  in  the  nation  and  in  their  individual  States.  We 
come  here  to  learn  how  we  may  do  more  and  more  for  the  spread 
of  the  doctrine  of  equality,  but  chiefly  to  study  how  to  get  the 
States  to  concentrate  their  efforts  on  Congress.  Our  final  aim  is 
an  amendment  to  the  Federal  Constitution  providing  that  no  citi- 
zen over  whom  the  Stars  and  Stripes  wave  shall  be  debarred  from 
suffrage  except  for  cause." 

In  beginning  her  vice-president's  address  Miss  Shaw  said: 
"Before  giving  my  report  I  want  to  tell  a  story  against  Miss  An- 
thony. We  suffragists  have  been  called  everything  under  the  sun, 
and  when  there  has  been  nothing  else  quite  bad  enough  for  us  we 
have  been  called  infidels,  which  includes  everything.  Once  we 
went  to  hold  a  convention  in  a  particularly  orthodox  city  in  New 
York,  and  Miss  Anthony,  wishing  to  impress  upon  the  audience 
that  we  were  not  atheists,  introduced  me  as  *a  regularly-ordained 
orthodox  minister,  the  Rev.  Anna  H.  Shaw,  my  right  bower  I' 
That  orthodox  audience  all  seemed  to  know  what  a  'right  bower' 
is,  for  they  laughed  even  louder  than  you  do.  After  the  meeting 
Miss  Anthony  said  to  me,  *Anna,  what  did  I  say  to  make  the 
people  laugh  so  ?'  I  answered,  'You  called  me  your  right  bower.' 
She  said,  *Well,  you  are  my  right-hand  man.  That  is  what  right 
bower  means,  isn't  it  ?'  And  this  orthodox  minister  had  to  ex- 
plain to  her  Quaker  friend  what  a  right  bower  is." 

Miss  Shaw  told  of  the  universal  recognition  accorded  Miss 
Anthony  at  the  International  Council  of  Women  in  London  the 
preceding  year,  and  the  latter  afterwards  gave  her  own  report  of 
the  Council,  in  the  course  of  which  she  said : 

Every  young  woman  who  is  today  enjoying  the  advantages  of  free  schools, 
opportunities  to  earn  a  living  and  other  enlarged  rights  for  women,  is  a  child 
of  the  woman  suffrage  movement.  This  larger  freedom  has  broadened  and 
strengthened  women  wonderfully.  At  the  end  of  the  Council,  Lady  Aberdeen, 
who  had  been  its  president  for  six  years,  in  a  published  interview  summing 
up  the  work  of  the  women  who  had  been  present,  said  there  was  no  denying 
that  the  English-speaking  women  stood  head  and  shoulders  above  all  the 


\ 


[1900]  RESIGNS   THE   PRESIDENCY.  1 1 6/ 

Others  in  their  knowledge  of  parliamentary  law,  and  that  at  the  very  top  were 
those  of  the  United  States  and  Canada — the  two  freest  parts  of  the  world. 
I  answered :  "If  the  women  of  the  United  States,  with  their  free  schools  and 
all  their  enlarged  liberties,  are  not  superior  to  women  brought  up  under 
monarchical  forms  of  government,  then  there  is  no  good  in  liberty."  It  is 
because  of  this  freedom  that  Europeans  are  always  struck  with  the  greater 
self-poise,  self-control  and  independence  of  American  women.  These  char- 
acteristics will  be  still  more  marked  when  we  have  mingled  more  with  men 
in  their  various  meetings.  It  is  only  by  the  friction  of  intellect  with  intellect 
that  these  desirable  qualities  can  be  gained. 

After  a  graphic  account  of  the  honors  they  received  Miss  An- 
thony concluded:  "What  I  wish  most  to  impress  upon  you  is 
this:  If  we  had  represented  nothing  but  ourselves  we  should 
have  been  nowhere.  Wendell  Phillips  used  to  say,  'When  I  speak 
as  an  individual  I  represent  only  myself,  but  when  I  speak  for  the 
American  Anti-Slavery  Society,  I  represent  every  one  in  the  coun- 
try who  believes  in  Liberty/  It  was  because  Miss  Shaw  and  I 
represented  you  and  all  that  makes  for  freedom  that  we  were  so 
well  received,  and  I  want  you  to  feel  that  all  the  honors  paid  to 
us  were  paid  to  you." 

Later  in  reporting  as  chairman  of  the  Congressional  Commit- 
tee, Miss  Anthony  said :  "One  reason  why  so  little  has  been  done 
by  Congress  is  because  none  of  us  has  remained  here  to  watch  our 
employees  up  at  the  Capitol.    Nobody  ever  gets  anything  done  by 

■  Congress  or  a  State  Legislature  except  by  having  some  one  on 
hand  to  look  out  for  it.    We  need  a  Watching  Committee."    In 

(closing  the  hearing  before  the  Senate  Committee  she  urged  them 
to  report  in  favor  of  an  amendment  to  the  National  Constitution ; 
described  the  hardships  women  had  endured  in  making  State  cam- 
paigns, and  said : 

Now  here  is  all  we  ask  of  you,  gentlemen — ^to  save  us  women  from  any 
more  tramps  over  the  States,  such  as  we  have  made  now  fifteen  times.  In 
nine  of  those  campaigns  I  myself  made  a  canvass  from  county  to  county. 
In  my  own  State  of  New  York  at  the  time  of  the  constitutional  convention 
in  1894^  I  visited  every  county  of  the  sixty — I  was  not  then  eighty  years  of 
age,  but  seventy-four.    .    .    . 

There  is  an  enemy  of  the  homes  of  this  nation  and  that  enemy  is  drunken- 
ness. Everyone  connected  with  the  gambling  house,  the  brothel  and  the 
saloon  works  and  votes  solidly  against  the  enfranchisement  of  women,  and, 
I  say,  if  you  believe  in  chastity,  if  you  believe  in  honesty  and  temperance,  then 


Il68  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

do  what  the  enemy  wants  you  not  to  do,  which  is  to  take  the  necessary  steps 
to  put  the  ballot  in  the  hands  of  women.  .... 

I  pray  you  to  think  of  this  question  as  you  would  if  the  one-half  of  the 
people  who  are  disfranchised  were  men,  if  we  women  had  absolute  power  to 
control  every  condition  in  this  country  and  you  were  obliged  to  obey  the  laws 
and  submit  to  whatever  arrangements  we  made.  I  want  you  to  report  on  this 
question  exactly  as  if  the  masculine  half  of  the  people  were  the  ones  who 
were  deprived  of  this  right  to  a  vote  in  governmental  affairs.  You  would  not 
be  long  in  bringing  in  a  favorable  report  if  you  were  the  ones  who  were  dis- 
franchised and  denied  a  voice  in  your  government  If  it  were  not  women — ^if 
it  were  the  farmers  of  this  country,  the  manufacturers  or  any  class  of  men 
who  were  robbed  of  their  inalienable  rights,  then  we  would  see  that  class 
rising  in  rebellion  and  the  Government  shaken  to  its  very  foundation;  but 
being  women,  being  only  the  mothers,  daughters,  wives  and  sisters  of  men 
who  constitute  the  aristocracy,  we  have  to  submit. 

These  hearings  were  usually  serious  affairs  but  this  one  was 
relieved  by  an  element  of  genuine  humor  in  the  appearance  for  the 
first  time  of  the  Anti-suffragists.  These  ladies  had  frequently 
descended  upon  various  Legislatures  when  the  suffrage  advocates 
were  to  address  committees,  and  now  half-a-dozen  of  them,  in- 
stead of  arranging  for  their  own  hearing,  deliberately  proposed 
to  take  part  of  the  time  which  had  been  granted  to  the  advocates 
of  suffrage.  They  did  not  know  that  admission  was  by  ticket  and 
when  those  who  presented  themselves  at  the  Marble  Room  of  the 
Senate  could  not  get  in,  the  wicked  suffragists  laughed  in  glee  and 
gloated  over  their  predicament.  But  when  Miss  Anthony  arrived 
and  learned  the  situation  she  directed  the  door  keeper  to  admit 
them,  introduced  them  to  the  chairman,  gave  them  the  best  seats 
and  later  agreed  that  they  should  read  their  little  papers.  After- 
wards they  denied,  in  the  New  York  Sun,  that  she  extended  any 
of  these  courtesies  but  Miss  Anthony  herself  confirmed  the  above 
statement,  and  the  present  writer  has  a  lively  recollection  of  being 
hustled  by  Miss  Anthony  out  of  her  own  good  front  seat  and  see- 
ing one  of  the  "antis"  installed  therein.^ 

Miss  Emily  Bissell  said  in  her  argument  (  ?)  :  "I  have  never 
yet  been  so  situated  that  I  could  see  where  a  vote  could  help  me. 

1  Mrs.  Rachel  Foster  Avery,  who  had  charge  of  the  arrangements  for  this  Senate  hear- 
ing, indorses  absolutely  this  statement  regarding  Miss  Anthony  and  the  anti-suffragists. 
The  quotations  from  their  speeches  were  copied  from  the  report  of  the  hearing  made  by 
the  stenographer  of  the  Senate  Committee. 


[igOO]  RESIGNS   THE   PRESIDENCY.  II69 

If  I  felt  that  It  would  I  might  become  a  suffragist  perhaps."  A 
broad  and  altruistic  view  to  take  of  a  great  economic  question ! 
Mrs.  Arthur  M.  Dodge  convulsed  her  hearers  by  begging  the 
committee  not  to  be  influenced  by  the  "purely  sentimental  reasons 
of  the  petitioners" — a  queer  misfit  of  a  description  when  applied 
to  woman  suffrage  speeches — and  said :  "The  mere  fact  that  this 
amendment  is  asked  as  a  compliment  to  the  leading  advocate  on 
the  attainment  of  her  eightieth  birthday  is  evidence  of  the  emo- 
tional frame  of  mind  which  influences  the  advocates  of  this  meas- 
ure, and  which  is  scarcely  favorable  to  the  calm  consideration  that 
should  be  given  to  fundamental  political  principles."  Miss  An- 
thony's birthday  had  not  been  referred  to  in  any  way  but  Mrs. 
Dodge  had  written  her  speech  before  she  came,  and,  as  she  prob- 
ably did  not  know  that  the  suffragists  had  been  asking  committees 
thirty  years  for  this  amendment,  she  doubtless  thought  it  had  just 
occurred  to  them  that  it  would  make  a  nice  birthday  present  for 
Miss  Anthony  to  take  home  with  her. 

After  the  delegates  returned  to  the  hotel  and  were  discussing 
the  events  of  the  morning  Miss  Anthony  observed,  "Those  states- 
men eyed  us  very  closely  but  FU  wager  that  it  was  impossible 
after  we  got  mixed  together  to  tell  an  anti  from  a  suffragist  by 
her  clothes.  There  might  have  been  a  difference,  though,  in  the 
expression  of  the  faces  and  the  shape  of  the  heads,"  she  added 
without  a  smile. 

President  McKinley  received  the  members  of  the  convention  in 
the  East  Room  of  the  White  House,  Miss  Anthony  at  his  right 
hand  introducing  them.  After  he  had  greeted  the  last  guest,  he 
invited  her  to  accompany  him  upstairs  to  meet  Mrs.  McKinley, 
who  was  not  well  enough  to  receive  all  of  the  ladies.  Giving  her 
his  arm  he  led  her  up  the  old,  historic  staircase,  "as  tenderly  as  if 
he  had  been  my  own  son,"  she  said  afterward.  When  she  was 
leaving  after  a  pleasant  call,  Mrs.  McKinley  expressed  a  wish  to 
send  some  message  to  the  convention,  and  she  and  the  President 
together  filled  Miss  Anthony's  arms  with  white  lilies,  which 
graced  the  platform  during  the  remainder  of  the  meetings. 

The  Washington  Post,  which  for  so  many  years  had  welcomed 


1 170  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN   B.   ANTHONY.  [19OO] 

Miss  Anthony  and  her  little  army  to  the  Capitol,  said  of  her  re- 
tirement from  office : 

Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  has  resigned.  The  woman  who  for  the  greater  part 
of  her  life  has  been  the  star  that  guided  the  National  Woman  Suffrage  As- 
sociation through  all  of  its  vicissitudes  until  it  stands  today  a  living  monu- 
ment to  her  wonderful  mental  and  physical  ability,  has  turned  over  the  leader- 
ship to  younger  minds  and  hands,  not  because  this  great  woman  feels  that 
she  is  no  longer  capable  of  exercising  it,  but  because  she  has  a  still  larger 
work  to  accomplish  before  her  life's  labors  are  at  an  end  In  a  speech  which 
was  characteristic  of  one  who  has  done  so  much  toward  the  uplifting  of  her 
sex.  Miss  Anthony  tendered  her  resignation  during  the  preliminary  meeting 
of  the  executive  committee,  held  last  night  at  the  headquarters  in  the  parlors 
of  the  Riggs  House. 

Although  Miss  Anthony  had  positively  stated  that  she  would  resign  in 
1900,  there  were  many  of  those  present  who  were  visibly  shocked  when  she 
announced  that  she  was  about  to  relinquish  her  position  as  president  of  the 
association.  In  the  instant  hush  which  followed  this  statement  a  sorrow  set- 
tled over  the  countenances  of  the  fifty  women  seated  about  the  room  who 
love  and  venerate  Miss  Anthony  so  much,  and  probably  some  of  them  would 
have  broken  down  had  it  not  been  that  they  knew  well  her  antipathy  to  public 
emotion.  In  a  happy  vein,  which  soon  drove  the  clouds  of  disappointment  from 
the  faces  of  those  present,  she  explained  why  she  no  longer  desired  to  continue 
as  an  officer  of  the  association  after  having  done  so  since  its  beginning. 

"I  have  fully  determined,"  she  began,  "to  retire  from  the  active  presidency 
of  the  association.  I  was  elected  secretary  of  a  woman  suffrage  society  in 
1852,  and  from  that  day  to  this  have  always  held  an  office.  I  am  not  retiring 
now  because  I  feel  unable,  mentally  or  physically,  to  do  the  necessary  work, 
but  because  I  wish  to  see  the  organization  in  the  hands  of  those  who  are 
to  have  its  management  in  the  future.  I  want  to  see  you  all  at  work,  while  I 
am  alive,  so  I  can  scold  if  you  do  not  do  it  well.  Give  the  matter  of  selecting 
your  officers  serious  thought.  Consider  who  will  do  the  best  work  for  the 
political  enfranchisement  of  women  and  let  no  personal  feelings  enter  into 
the  question." 

When  Henry  B.  Blackwell,  chairman  of  the  committee  on  res- 
olutions, read  the  one  expressing  regret  at  her  resignation  and 
paying  a  tribute  of  appreciation  and  regard,  many  of  the  dele- 
gates were  on  the  point  of  giving  way  to  their  grief,  but  Miss 
Anthony  quickly  arose  and  in  clear,  even  tones,  with  a  touch  of 
quaint  humor,  said : 

I  wish  you  could  realize  with  what  joy  and  relief  I  retire  from  the  presi- 
dency. I  want  to  say  this  to  you  while  I  am  yet  alive — and  I  am  good  for 
another  decade — ^as  long  as  my  name  stands  at  the  head  I  am  Yankee  enough 
to  feel  that  I  must  watch  every  potato  which  goes  into  the  dinner  pot  and 


[1900]  RESIGNS   THE   PRESIDENCY.  II7I 

supervise  every  detail  of  the  work.  For  the  four  years  since  I  fixed  my  date 
to  retire  I  have  constantly  been  saying  to  myself,  "Let  go,  let  go."  I  am  now 
going  to  let  go  of  the  machinery  but  not  of  the  spiritual  part  I  expect  to 
do  more  work  for  woman  suffrage  in  the  next  decade  than  ever  before.  I 
have  not  been  for  nearly  fifty  years  in  this  movement  without  gaining  a  cer- 
tain "notoriety"  at  least,  and  this  enables  me  to  get  a  hearing  before  the 
annual  conventions  of  many  great  national  bodies  and  to  urge  on  them  the 
passage  of  resolutions  asking  Congress  to  submit  to  the  State  Legislatures  a 
Sixteenth  Amendment  to  the  Federal  Constitution  forbidding  disfranchise- 
ment on  account  of  sex.  This  is  a  part  of  the  work  to  which  I  mean  to  de- 
vote myself  henceforward.  Then  you  all  know  about  the  big  fund  which  I 
am  going  to  raise  so  that  you  young  women  may  have  an  assured  income 
for  the  work  and  not  have  to  spend  the  most  of  your  time  begging  money, 
as  I  have  had  to  do. 

Although  Miss  Anthony  disclaimed  any  intention  of  naming 
her  successor  it  was  well  understood  that  the  delegates  would 
desire  to  vote  for  the  woman  whom  she  thought  most  capable  of 
carrying  on  the  work  of  the  association.  This  she  felt  could  be 
done  equally  well  by  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw,  vice-presi- 
f  dent-at-large,  or  Mr^,  rarn'p  r|^pppian  Catt,  chairman  of  the 
organization  committee,  but  the  former,  feeling  that  her  best  work 
could  be  done  in  the  lecture  field,  had  declined  to  be  a  candidate, 
and  so  the  delegates  willingly  and  gladly  turned  to  Mrs.  Catt, 
though  eleven  of  them  still  persisted  in  casting  their  ballots  for 
Miss  Anthony.  The  Post  said:  "There  was  a  touching  scene 
when  the  vote  for  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt  was  announced.  First 
there  was  an  outburst  of  applause,  and  then  as  though  all  at  once 
every  one  realized  that  she  was  witnessing  the  passing  of  Susan 
B.  Anthony,  their  beloved  president,  the  deepest  silence  prevailed 
for  several  seconds.  Lifelong  members  of  the  association,  who 
had  toiled  and  struggled  by  her  side,  could  not  restrain  their  emo- 
tions and  wept  in  spite  of  their  efforts  at  self-control."  The 
Washington  Star  thus  described  the  occasion : 

Miss  Anthony  was  made  a  committee  of  one  to  present  Mrs.  Catt  to  the 
convention,  and  the  women  went  wild,  as,  erect  and  alert,  she  walked  to  the 
front  of  the  platform,  holding  the  hand  of  her  young  coworker  of  whom  she 
is  extremely  fond  and  expects  great  things.  Miss  Anthony's  eyes  were  tear- 
dimmed,  and  her  tones  were  uneven,  as  she  presented  to  the  convention  its 
choice  of  a  leader  in  words  freighted  with  love  and  tender  solicitude,  rick 
with  reminiscences  of  the  past,  and  full  of  hope  for  the  future  of  the  new 


Iiy2  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19OO] 

president  and  her  work.  "Suffrage  is  no  longer  a  theory  but  an  actual  con- 
dition," she  said,  "and  new  conditions  bring  new  duties.  These  new  duties, 
these  changed  conditions,  demand  stronger  hands,  younger  heads  and  fresher 
hearts.  In  Mrs.  Catt  you  have  my  ideal  leader.  I  present  to  you  my  suc- 
cessor." 

By  this  time  half  the  women  were  using  their  handkerchiefs  on  their  eyes 
and  the  other  half  were  waving  them  in  the  air. 

The  object  of  all  this  praise  stood  with  downcast  eyes  and  evi- 
dently was  deeply  moved.    At  length  she  said  in  response : 

Good  friends,  I  should  hardly  be  human  if  I  did  not  feel  gratitude  and  ap- 
preciation for  the  confidence  you  have  shown  me ;  but  I  feel  the  honor  of  the 
position  much  less  than  its  responsibility.  I  never  was  an  aspirant  for  it;  I 
consented  only  six  weeks  ago  to  stand ;  I  was  not  willing  to  be  the  next  presi- 
dent after  Miss  Anthony;  I  have  known  that  there  was  a  general  loyalty  to 
her  which  could  not  be  given  to  any  younger  worker.  Since  Miss  Anthony  an- 
nounced her  intention  to  retire,  there  have  been  editorials  in  many  leading 
papers  expressing  approval  of  her — but  not  of  the  cause.  She  has  been  much 
larger  than  our  association.  The  papers  have  spoken  of  the  new  president  as 
Miss  Anthony's  successor.  Miss  Anthony  never  will  hav.e  a  successor. 

A  president  chosen  from  the  younger  generation  is  on  a  level  with  the  as- 
sociation, and  it  might  suffer  in  consequence  of  Miss  Anthony's  retirement  if 
we  did  not  still  have  her  to  counsel  and  advise  us.  I  pledge  you  whatever 
ability  God  has  given  me,  but  I  cannot  do  this  work  alone.  The  cause  has  got 
beyond  where  one  woman  can  do  the  whole.  I  shall  not  be  its  leader  as  Miss 
Anthony  has  been ;  I  shall  be  only  an  officer  of  this  association.  I  will  do  all 
I  can,  but  I  cannot  do  it  without  the  co-operation  of  each  of  you.  The  respon- 
sibility much  overbalances  the  honor  and  I  hope  you  will  all  help  me  bear 
the  burden. 

/  Mrs.  Rachel  Foster  Avery  relieved  the  tension  by  a  motion  to 
make  Miss  Anthony  honorary  president,  which  was  adopted  with 
applause.  She  responded  in  her  usual  off-hand,  informal  way, 
"You  have  moved  me  up  higher.  I  always  did  stand  by  Eliza- 
beth Cady  Stanton  and  my  name  was  always  after  hers,  and  I  am 
glad  to  have  it  there  again." 

Not  once  during  the  convention  did  Miss  Anthony  lose  her  re- 
markable poise.  On  the  last  evening  the  Church  of  Our  Father 
was  crowded  to  its  full  capacity,  people  filled  the  aisles,  sat  on  the 
edge  of  the  platform  and  thronged  the  vestibule  and  sidewalk 
trying  to  gain  admission.  At  the  close  of  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt's 
scholarly  address  Miss  Anthony  turned  to  the  audience  and  asked 
with  a  note  of  triumph  in  her  voice,  "Do  you  think  the  three 


CLARA  BARTON. 

Founder  of  the  American  Red  Cross  and  Its  President  Twenty- Three  Years. 
Founder  and  President  of  National  First  Aid  Association  of  America. 


[I900] 


RESIGNS   THE   PRESmENCY. 


1 173 


hundred  delegates  made  a  mistake  in  choosing  that  woman  for 
president?"  She  then  presented  Miss  Qara  Barton,  president  of 
the  Red  Cross  Association,  as  one  who  had  stood  by  her  side  on 
the  platform  of  the  first  national  suffrage  convention  ever  held. 
When  the  applause  subsided  Miss  Anthony  observed,  "Politically 
her  opinion  is  worth  no  more  than  an  idiot's." 

At  the  close  of  the  evening's  program  Miss  Anthony  came  for- 
ward, and,  the  audience  realizing  that  she  was  about  to  say  good- 
by,  there  was  a  profound  stillness,  with  every  eye  and  ear  strained 
to  the  utmost.  A  woman  who  loved  the  theatrical  and  posed  for 
effect  would  have  taken  advantage  of  this  opportunity  to  create  a 
dramatic  scene  and  make  her  exit  in  the  midst  of  tears  and  lam- 
entations, but  nothing  could  be  further  from  Miss  Anthony's 
nature.  Her  voice  rang  put  as  strong  and  true  as  if  making  an 
old-time  speech  on  the  rights  of  women,  and  with  the  splendid 
courage  which  was  the  keynote  of  her  life  she  gave  not  a  sign  of 
what  those  who  were  nearest  and  dearest  to  her  knew  was  lying 
heavy  on  her  heart.  The  farewell  address  of  Washington  was  not 
listened  to  with  more  reverence,  more  tenderness,  more  regret 

/  than  these  parting  words  of  the  mother  of  her  countr3nvomen. 

I  "Once  I  was  the  most  hated  and  reviled  of  women,"  she  said,  and 

/   here  her  voice  broke  for  the  only  time,  "now,  it  seems  as  if  every- 

/    body  loves  me !"    This  was  the  sole  reference  to  the  long,  hard 

V^struggle  of  the  past,  and  almost  the  only  allusion  to  herself.  What 
she  did  was  to  seize  the  opportunity  of  this  immense  and  appre- 
ciative audience  and  tell  them  all  about  that  great  fund  she  was 
raising  and  say  that  the  way  to  show  their  appreciation  of  her 
work  was  to  subscribe  to  this  fund  and  help  it  along ;  half-a-mil- 
lion  dollars  was  the  inside  limit,  only  the  interest  to  be  used,  and 
she  was  going  to  be  President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  herself  for 
the  next  ten  years. 

Then  the  second  characteristic  act,  when  everybody  was  think- 
ing only  of  her,  was  to  summon  to  the  front  of  the  platform  her 
"body  guard,"  as  she  called  the  members  of  the  National  Suffrage 
Board  who  had  stood  by  her  through  the  stress  and  storm  of  the 
years,  in  order  to  express  her  deep  obligation  to  them.  The 
daughter  of  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  the  daughter  of  Lucy  Stone, 


1 174  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN   B.  ANTHONY.  [19OO] 

her  own  two  devoted  nieces,  were  also  lovingly  introduced.  The 
pioneers  who  were  associated  in  her  early  work  received  a  loyal 
tribute  and  she  regretted  that  she  could  not  take  the  time  to  name 
them  all.  Everybody  was  remembered  but  herself,  everyone  given 
her  full  share  of  credit  in  measure  heaped  and  running  over. 
Here  was  the  secret  of  Miss  Anthony's  wonderful  hold  upon 
women. 

The  great  crowd  sang  the  doxology  but  even  then  seemed  un- 
willing to  leave.  Hundreds  crowded  upon  the  platform  to  take 
Miss  Anthony's  hand  and  others  lingered  in  the  aisle  and  aroimd 
the  door  gazing  at  the  scene  as  if  to  impress  it  forever  on  their 
memory.  Many  of  the  old  workers  felt  as  if  the  curtain  had  been 
rung  down  never  to  be  lifted  again,  but  others  were  able  to  be- 
lieve that  it  was  only  for  a  change  of  scene.  Although  the  mental 
and  physical  vigor  of  Miss  Anthony  seemed  unimpaired,  those 
who  knew  her  best  sustained  her  in  her  feeling  that  she  should  be 
relieved  of  the  burdens  of  office,  which  were  growing  heavier  all 
the  time,  and  be  free  to  devote  her  remaining  years  to  important 
lines  of  work  which  could  be  done  only  by  herself.  Nevertheless 
they  fully  realized  the  import  of  her  yielding  the  leadership  of 
this  great  movement,  which  she  had  practically  held  for  nearly 
fifty  years,  and,  while  they  tried  to  imitate  her  own  cheerfulness 
and  philosophy,  they  could  not  banish  the  keen  regret,  the  heavy 
sorrow,  the  heartache  that  never  entirely  ceased. 

The  tributes  paid  to  Miss  Anthony  in  the  press  of  the  country 
would  fill  a  volume  of  considerable  size,  and  those  written  by 
women  were  especially  touching.  One  of  three  columns  by  Miss 
Janet  Jennings,  for  many  years  the  Washington  correspondent  of 
the  New  York  Tribune,  began :  "There  is  no  sign  of  the  doubts, 
discouragements  and  disappointments  out  of  which  Miss  Anthony 
lifted  the  cause  of  equal  rights.  With  no  trace  of  bitterness,  no 
remembrance  of  the  'slings  and  arrows'  of  the  past,  she  turns  her 
face  to  the  future,  bright,  hopeful  and  serenely  confident,  as  if 
life  were  all  before  her  and  the  attainment  of  the  end  already  ful- 
filled. This  is  Susan  B.  Anthony  at  eighty — ^the  grand  woman, 
the  great  leader.  .  .  .  Her  optimism  is  sublime,  her  persist- 
ence supreme.    Through  the  darkest  night  she  sees  the  dawn,  and 


[1900]  RESIGNS   THE   PRESIDENCY.  1 1 75 

her  purpose  never  wavers,  her  footstep  never  falters  before  ob- 
stacles piled  mountain  high." 

Another  gifted  journalist,  Mrs.  Isabel  Worrell  Ball,  said  in  the 
Washington  Star:  "To  grow  old  gracefully  is  an  art  and  few 
achieve  it,  but  today  one  American  woman,  having  reached  four- 
score years,  still  stands  pre-eminent  among  her  sisters  as  the  em- 
bodiment of  all  that  is  high  in  mental  development  and  fine  in 
moral  fiber."  After  describing  the  persecutions  of  early  days  she 
continued : 

Under  this  load  of  contumely  many  as  well-meaning  but  weaker  women 
went  to  the  wall,  but  not  so  Miss  Anthony.  The  fires  of  travail  burned  out 
of  her  soul  the  little  dross  that  nature  implanted  there  and  the  pure  gold 
which  nothing  tarnishes  was  left. 

Fifty  years  just  round  out  the  period  of  her  real  public  life.  Last  night  as 
she  stood  before  a  vast  audience  in  the  Church  of  Our  Father,  the  lights 
gleaming  on  her  silvery  hair,  her  strong,  true  face  so  framed  by  it  that  it 
appeared  almost  like  a  halo;  as  she  awaited  the  silence  that  it  seemed  never 
would  come  from  the  shouting  multitude;  as  she  saw  the  waving  hand- 
kerchiefs, heard  the  cheers  and  felt  the  enthusiasm  that  her  very  presence 
inspired — there  must  have  come  back  to  her  the  memory  of  those  awful 
days  when  she  stood  before  the  howling  mobs  and  when  her  gently-bred 
senses  were  stunned  by  the  imprecations  of  the  jeering  populace,  for  she 
raised  her  thin,  white  hand,  with  delicate  lace  falling  around  it,  and  in  the 
strong,  clear  voice  which  age  has  not  touched  and  time  only  softened,  said: 
"There  is,  after  all,  compensation.  Good  friends,  I  have  been  reviled  most 
of  my  life;  I  have  been  scoffed  and  jeered  at;  I  have  heard  myself  called 
dreadful  names  and  have  been  the  target  for  every  kind  of  discourtesy — but 
tonight  I  am  ready  to  believe  that  there  are  people  who  love  and  respect  me. 
I  am  indeed  grateful." 

Over  and  over  again  the  audience  cheered  the  white-haired  woman  who 
stood  there  like  a  statue,  and  on  her  high  brow,  but  little  lined  with  the 
weight  of  years,  one  could  almost  see  the  word  "vindicated." 

In  her  department  in  the  New  York  Sun  the  present  writer 
thus  referred  to  one  conspicuous  feature  connected  with  Miss 
Anthony's  retirement  from  a  leadership  which  had  to  be  resigned 
before  she  had  carried  her  hosts  to  the  long-sought  victory : 

It  often  requires  the  martyrdom  of  a  great  leader  to  shock  the  community 
into  a  recognition  of  the  justice  of  the  cause  for  which  he  has  been  sacrificed. 
The  pages  of  history  record  many  examples  in  proof  of  this,  and  the  most 
conspicuous  since  the  death  of  John  Brown  is  seen  in  the  passing  of  Susan 
B.  Anthony.  It  is  true  that  she  still  lives,  but  she  now  relinquishes  to  younger 
Ant.  Ill— s 


1 1 76  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19OO] 

women  the  cause  in  which  she  has  suffered  martjrrdom  for  a  half-a-century, 
and,  while  she  possesses  still  a  full  measure  of  mental  and  physical  vigor, 
the  world  understands  that  after  fourscore  years  the  most  of  one's  work 
lies  behind  him.  And  so  the  people  all  over  the  country,  with  quickened  con- 
sciences, are  aroused  to  the  fact  that  by  their  indifference  or  opposition  an- 
other sacrifice  has  been  added  to  the  long  list  of  those  who  have  wrought 
for  liberty.  Editors  who  have  been  silent  all  these  years  have  spoken  of  late 
in  the  pages  of  the  great  daily  newspapers  in  favor  of  the  object  for  which  she 
has  labored.  Prominent  men  have  declared  their  allegiance,  and  an  army  of 
women,  many  times  larger  than  ever  before,  has  poured  into  the  suffrage 
convention  to  pledge  their  services  to  carry  on  the  work  to  completion. 
Never  in  any  decade  of  its  history  has  this  movement  for  the  enfranchisement 
of  women  received  such  a  forward  impulse  as  during  the  year  which  has 
elapsed  since  it  became  known  that  its  pioneer,  its  founder,  its  Commander- 
in-Chief  was  to  resign  the  active  leadership. 


CHAPTER  LVI. 

THE   EIGHTIETH    BIRTHDAY    CELEBRATION. 
IQCK). 

[LTHOUGH  it  was  arranged  that  a  number  of  gifts 
were  to  be  presented  to  Miss  Anthony  at  her  birth- 
day celebration,  it  seemed  advisable  that  there 
should  be  a  little  ceremony  at  another  time  for  a 
part  of  them,  and  so,  during  a  lull  in  the  business  of 
the  convention  on  the  last  day,  the  president-elect,  Mrs.  Chapman 
Catt,  coming  to  the  front  of  the  platform,  said :  "A  surprise  was 
promised  as  part  of  this  afternoon's  program  and  a  pleasant  duty 
now  falls  to  me.  It  is  to  present  Miss  Anthony  with  the  spirit  of 
a  gift,  for  the  gift  itself  is  not  here.  Suffrage  people  from  all 
over  the  world  go  to  see  Miss  Anthony  at  her  home  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  and  consequently  the  carpets  of  the  parlor  and  sitting- 
room  are  getting  a  little  worn.  When  she  goes  home  she  will 
find  two  beautiful  Sm3rrna  rugs  fitting  the  floors  of  those  two 
rooms — ^the  gift  of  her  suffrage  friends.  I  am  also  commissioned 
to  present  her  with  an  album.  Some  of  our  naughty  officers  have 
been  making  fun  of  it  and  saying  that  albums  are  now  out  of  date ; 
but  this  one  contains  the  photographs  of  all  the  presidents  of  the 
State  Suffrage  Associations,  and  the  chairmen  of  standing  com- 
mittees. No  collection  of  'antis'  could  be  found  that  would  pre- 
sent in  their  faces  as  much  intelligence  and  strength  of  character." 
Miss  Anthony,  looking  very  much  surprised,  expressed  her 
thanks  and  observed,  "These  girls  have  disproved  the  old  saying 
that  a  secret  cannot  be  kept  by  a  woman,  for  I  have  not  heard  a 
word  of  a  rug  or  a  picture."  She  had  urgently  requested  that 
birthday  testimonials  might  take  the  form  of  contributions  to  the 
permanent  fund  which  she  expected  to  raise  for  suffrage  work, 
and  a  considerable  amount  was  sent  for  this  purpose.    Many  of 

(I 177) 


1 1 78  UFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.   ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

her  friends,  however,  expressly  stipulated  that  their  gifts  were  for 
her  own  personal  use.  From  memoranda  available  these  seem  to 
have  amounted  to  a  little  over  $1,200  in  money,  the  greater  part 
in  sums  less  than  $20,  many  of  them  less  than  $5,  and  even  these 
representing  sacrifice  on  the  part  of  the  senders.  Through  its 
president,  Mrs.  Margaret  N.  Caine,  there  came  from  the  Utah 
Silk  Commission,  composed  of  women,  a  handsome  black  bro- 
caded dress  pattern,  wholly  the  work  of  women.  A  silver  vase 
was  presented  by  "the  free  women  of  Idaho,"  and  also  an  albimi 
of  two  hundred  pages  of  pen  drawings,  water  colors  and  pressed 
flowers,  with  a  sentiment  on  each  page,  the  contributions  of  as 
many  individuals,  collected  by  Mrs.  Mell  C.  Woods.  From  many 
States  were  presents  of  solid  silver,  fine  hand-decorated  china, 
sofa  cushions,  books,  pictures,  jewelry,  lace,  chatelaine  bags,  hand- 
kerchiefs, flowers  and  endless  other  tokens  of  love  and  apprecia- 
tion. To  each  Miss  Anthony  responded  with  a  terse  sentence  or 
two,  half-tender,  half-humorous;  the  audience  entered  fully  into 
the  spirit  of  it  all,  and  the  convention  for  a  while  was  like  a  big 
family  enjoying  the  birthday  of  one  of  its  members.* 

The  day  following  the  convention  was  the  eightieth  anniver- 
sary of  Miss  Anthony's  birth,  and  suffragists  had  come  from  all 
parts  of  the  country  to  assist  in  celebrating  it.  Mrs.  Chapman 
Catt  presided  and  the  following  program  was  carried  out  except 
that  Mrs.  Birney  and  Dr.  Smith  were  unavoidably  absent. 

CELEBRATION  OF  THE  EIGHTIETH  BIRTHDAY 
OF 

SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY, 

AT  THE 
LAFAYETTE  OPERA  HOUSE,  WASHINGTON,  D.  C,  FEBRUARY  15,  IQOO. 

Song John  W.  Hutchinson 

^As  there  is  no  complete  list  of  donors  it  seems  best  not  to  attempt  a  mention  of 
names.  They  were  principally  those  whose  generosity  has  been  often  referred  to  in  pre- 
ceding pages.  During  this  birthday  week  Miss  Anthony  received  over  i,ioo  letters  and 
telegrams,  which  required  a  telescope  valise  to  carry  them  to  her  home  where  each  was 
acknowledged  by  her. 


[igOO]  THE   EIGHTIETH    BIRTHDAY   CELEBRATION.  1 1 79 

Greetings  from 

Natioaal  Congress  of  Mothers, 

Mrs.  Theodore  Weld  Bimey,  President 
NaticMial  Council  of  Women, 

Fannie  Humphreys  GaflFney,  President 
International  Council  of  Women, 

May  Wright  Sewall,  President 

Greetings  from  the  Professions: 

Ministry  Rev.  Ida  C  Hultin 

Law  Diana  Hirschlcr 

Medicine Dr.  Julia  Holmes  Smith 

Violin  Sola^Hungarian  Rhapsodic  (Hansen) Joseph  H.  Douglass 

Greetings  from 

Business  Women Lillian  M.  HoUister 

Colored  Women Coralie  Franklin  Cook 

District  Equal  Suffrage  Association Ellen  Powell  Thompson 

Greetings  from  the  Enfranchised  States : 

Wyoming  Helen  M.  Warren 

Colorado Virginia  Morrison  Shafroth 

Utah  Emily  S.  Richards 

Idaho MellC.  Woods 

"Lov^s  Rosary^*  (poem) Lydia  Avery  Coonley-Ward 

Greeting  from  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton Harriot  Stanton  Blatch 

Greeting  from  the  National  American  Suffrage  Associa- 
tion   Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw 

Response  Susan  B.  Anthony 

TO  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY. 

The  gibe  and  ridicule  and  social  frown. 
That  through  long  years  her  faithful  life  assailed, 
Are  dead  and  vanished ;  as  a  queen  now  hailed, 

Upon  her  reverend  brow  rests  Honor's  crown. 

A  faith  that  faced  all  adverse  fortune  down, 
A  courage  that  in  trial  never  failed, 
A  scorn  of  self  that  grievous  weight  entailed, 

Have  blossomed  into  laurels  of  renown. 

As,  after  days  of  bitter  storm  and  blast, 
The  chilling  wind  becomes  a  breeze  of  balm. 

Billows  subside,  and  sea-tossed  vessels  cast 
Their  anchors  in  the  restful  harbor  calm, 

So  this  brave  life  has  gained  its  haven  blest. 

Bathed  in  the  sunset  glories  of  the  west. 

Wm.  Lloyd  Gasrison. 

Birthday  Celebration  Committee:    Carrie  Chapman  Catt,  Chairman,  New 
York;  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw,  Pennsylvania;  Harriet  Taylor  Upton,  Ohio; 


Il8o  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

Emily  M.  Gross,  Illinois ;  Frances  P.  Barrows,  Michigan ;  Helen  M.  Warren, 
Wyoming;  Lucy  £.  Anthony,  Pennsylvania;  Harriot  Stanton  Blatch,  Eng- 
land; May  Wright  Sewall,  Indiana;  Mary  B.  Qay,  Kentucky;  Rachel  Foster 
Avery,  Pennsylvania.* 

Never  was  there  a  more  representative  body  of  women  than 
the  one  which  gathered  in  Lafayette  Opera  House  that  day.  It 
was  representative  because  all  classes,  colors  and  conditions  were 
present.  Admission  was  by  ticket  and  every  seat  was  filled,  even 
to  the  loft.  Probably  several  hundred  men  were  there,  but  it  was 
preeminently  a  woman's  meeting — wives  of  high  officials,  prom- 
inent society  leaders,  colored  women,  wage-earners,  young  and 
old,  married  and  single.  The  enthusiasm  was  unbounded,  the 
audience  springing  to  their  feet  again  and  again,  waving  hand- 
kerchiefs, laughing  and  crying  by  turn.  The  queen  of  the  occa- 
sion sat  in  a  large  arm-chair,  over  which  was  thrown  an  elegant 
cloak  of  purple  velvet,  lined  with  white  satin  and  trimmed  with 
lace  and  ermine,  making  a  beautiful  background.  Her  gown  was 
richly  decorated  with  lace,  and  the  full  vest  of  chiffon  was  no 
whiter  and  softer  than  the  silver  hair  which  crowned  her  shapely 
head.  She  looked  very  pale  and  tired,  for  the  strain  of  the  last 
ten  days  had  been  severe,  but  there  was  not  a  happier  woman  in 
the  world.  She  saw  the  cause  which  she  loved  infinitely  better 
than  life  placed  on  a  high  and  sure  foundation;  the  principles 
which  she  had  advocated  through  the  long  years  accepted  with 
universal  respect  and  increasing  favor ;  the  women  whom  she  had 
set  free — ministers,  lawyers,  physicians,  teachers  and  those  in  the 
business  world — assembled  from  all  parts  of  the  country  to  ex- 
press their  gratitude  to  their  benefactor. 

The  IVotnan's  Tribune  thus  began  its  report : 

There  never  has  been  before,  and,  in  the  nature  of  things,  there  never  can 
be  again,  a  personal  celebration  having  the  significant  relation  to  the  woman 

^In  a  letter  written  soon  after  this  occasion  Miss  Anthony  said:  "The  birthday  cele- 
bration was  ideal.  Mrs.  Avery,  who  arranged  the  program,  had  everything  carried  out  in 
perfect  order  and  exactly  on  time.  That  young  woman  has  been  my  right  hand  for 
twenty  years  in  all  such  matters,  and  she  has  planned  the  programs  and  seen  them  car- 
ried out  for  nearly  every  convention  we  have  had  during  that  time.  This  winter  she  ar- 
ranged not  only  the  one  for  the  birthday  but  also  those  of  the  two  Congressional  hear- 
ings and  the  twelve  public  aessiona  of  the  convention — programs  in  all  for  fifteen  sepa- 
rate occasions." 


[IQOO]  THE   EIGHTIETH    BIRTHDAY   CELEBRATION.  II81 

suffrage  movement  which  marked  that  of  Miss  Anthony's  eightieth  birthday. 
When  Mrs.  Stanton's  eightieth  anniversary  was  celebrated  five  years  ago  she 
had  already  retired  from  the  active  leadership  of  the  organization;  the  pro- 
gram was  in  charge  of  the  National  Council  of  Women  and  was  largely  in 
the  nature  of  a  jubilee  for  the  whole  woman  movement,  although  rallying 
around  Mrs.  Stanton  as  a  center.  Lucretia  Mott's  eightieth  birthday  came 
before  it  had  gained  the  impetus  necessary  for  such  a  celebration.  Lucy  Stone 
passed  on  in  1893  before  reaching  this  ripe  age,  and  now  there  is  no  one  left 
in  the  lead  who  represents  the  earliest  stage  of  the  work  but  Miss  Anthony. 
It  was  the  fairest  and  sunniest  day  of  all  the  good  convention  weather.  On 
the  stage  were  the  Birthday  Committee,  a  large  number  of  persons  who  had 
been  thirty  years  or  more  in  the  work,  relatives  of  Miss  Anthony  and  the 
national  officers.  Miss  Anthony's  entrance  while  the  Ladies'  Mandolin  Club 
were  playing  was  greeted  with  long-continued  applause.  The  presiding  officer, 
after  stating  that  the  gains  of  the  last  half-century  in  all  lines  relating  to 
women  were  largely  due  to  the  guest  of  the  occasion  and  her  fellow-workers, 
said:  "When  Miss  Anthony  began  her  labors  there  were  practically  no  or- 
ganizations of  women;  now  they  are  numbered  by  thousands.  The  crown 
of  the  whole  is  the  union  of  all  associations,  the  National  Council  of  Women. 
Its  president  will  now  address  us." 

Mrs.  Gaffney  said  in  her  tribute : 

.  .  .  The  Christian  world  reckoned  by  centuries  is  just  coming  of  age. 
Therefore  women  are  beginning  to  put  away  childish  things  and  to  realize  the 
greatness  of  womanhood.  They  have  had  to  let  ideals  wait  They  submitted 
to  conditions  because  they  were  afraid  that  if  they  did  not  man  would  take 
to  the  woods  and  become  again  a  wild  barbarian.  They  were  flattered  by  the 
fact  that  men  liked  them  as  they  were,  and  they  failed  to  realize  that  their 
power  to  civilize  was  God-given.  They  needed  a  leader  to  rally  them,  to  give, 
them  the  courage  of  their  convictions,  and  such  a  leader  Miss  Anthony  has 
been.  She  spoke  to  the  world  in  tones  which  rang  out  so  clear  and  true  that 
they  will  echo  down  the  centuries.  Some  who  had  been  protected  and  petted 
were  slow  to  rally;  others  who  had  broader  views  accepted  sooner  the  doc- 
trine of  rights — ^not  privileges— of  rights  for  all  women.  Miss  Anthony  taught 
us  the  sisterhood  of  women,  and  that  the  privileges  of  one  class  could  not 
offset  the  wrongs  of  another.    .    .    . 

Mrs.  Sewall,  president  of  the  International  Council  of  Women, 
composed  of  the  Councils  of  thirteen  nations,  and  the  largest  or- 
ganization of  women  in  the  world,  said  in  part : 

It  is  proper  that  the  International  Council  should  remember  today  "to  ren- 
der unto  Caesar  the  things  that  are  Caesar's,"  and  to  pay  tribute  to  the  or- 
ganization which  it  may  not  regard  as  other  than  its  direct  progenitor.  There 
are  certain  incidents,  simple  in  themselves,  in  which  probably  the  actors  are 
always  at  the  time  quite  unconscious  of  their  perennial  significance,  and  yet 


1 1 82  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.   ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

which  become  landmarks  in  the  evolution  of  the  human  spirit  Such  are 
Thermopylae  and  Marathon  and  Bunker  Hill.  Such  was  that  first  convention 
at  Seneca  Falls.  .  .  .  The  light  from  that  meeting,  springing  from  a  vital 
source,  has  vitalized  every  point  it  has  touched.  Other  torches  lit  by  that 
have  become  beacon  lights,  and  every  one  has  stood  for  the  illumination  of 
women.    .    .    . 

In  the  name  and  in  the  blended  tongues  of  the  women  of  the  different 
nationalities  who  belong  to  the  International  Council,  I  salute  and  congratu- 
late you.  ...  I  beg  the  proud  honor  of  placing  your  name.  Miss  Anthony, 
among  the  list  of  patrons  of  the  Council  as  a  birthday  gift,  where  it  shall  one 
day  be  pronounced  in  every  language.    .    .    . 

The  Rev.  Ida  C.  Hultin  brought  the  gratitude  of  the  ministers, 
saying : 

.  .  .  Women  have  failed  to  see  that  the  work  of  every  woman  has  touched 
that  of  every  other.  The  woman  who  works  with  the  hand  helps  her  who 
works  with  the  brain.  Today  we  know  there  could  be  no  choice  of  work  until 
there  was  freedom  of  choice  to  work.  O,  beloved  leader,  we  of  the  ministry, 
as  they  of  all  ministries  of  service,  bring  our  greetings  and  benediction.  I 
hear  the  voices  which  shall  tell  of  the  new  gospel  and  among  them  are  the 
glad  tones  of  women  and  the  intonations  of  this  one  who  spake  in  tears,  who 
dared  to  speak  before  other  tongues  were  loosed.  Years  will  never  silence 
that  voice.  Woman  in  her  highest  moods  will  catch  the  cadence  of  its  melody 
and  in  the  future  there  shall  be  that  which  will  work  the  enlightenment  of 
the  world  because  you  have  lived  and  ever  shall  live.    .    .    . 

Miss  Hirschler  thus  closed  the  tribute  of  her  profession :  "In 
future  generations  when  courts  of  law  shall  have  become  courts  of 
justice,  women  lawyers  will  think  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  as  one 
who  paved  the  way  and  made  this  possible." 

Mrs.  HoUister  said  in  part:  "Miss  Anthony  has  opened  the 
portals  of  activities,  has  dignified  labor,  has  made  it  possible  for 
women  to  manage  their  own  affairs — four  millions  today  earning 
independent  incomes.  Women  have  given  their  lives  for  philan- 
thropies and  reforms,  but  the  one  we  honor  today  gave  hers  for 
woman.  Olive  Schreiner  tells  of  an  artist  who  painted  a  wonder- 
ful picture  and  none  could  learn  what  pigments  he  used.  When 
he  died  a  wound  was  found  over  his  heart;  he  had  painted  his 
masterpiece  with  his  own  blood.  Such  women  as  Miss  Anthony 
are  painting  their  masterpieces  with  their  life's  blood." 

Mrs.  Cook  with  a  dignity  and  simplicity  which  won  the  audi- 
ence, said : 


[1900]  THE   EIGHTIETH    BIRTHDAY   CELEBRATION.  1 1 83 

.  .  .  It  is  fitting  on  this  occasion,  when  the  hearts  of  women  the  world 
over  are  turned  to  this  day  and  hour,  that  the  colored  women  of  the  United 
States  should  join  in  the  expressions  of  love  and  praise  offered  to  Miss  An- 
thony upon  her  eightieth  birthday.  .  .  .  She  is  to  us  not  only  the  high 
priestess  of  woman's  cause  but  the  courageous  defender  of  rights  wherever 
assailed. 

We  hold  in  high  esteem  her  strong  and  noble  womanhood,  for  in  her  un- 
tiring zeal,  her  uncompromising  stand  for  justice  to  women,  her  unfailing 
friendship  for  all  good  work,  she  herself  is  a  stronger  and  better  argument 
in  favor  of  woman's  rights  than  the  most  gifted  orator  could  put  into  words. 
When  she  first  championed  woman's  cause,  humiliation  followed  her  foot- 
steps and  injustice  barred  the  door  of  her  progress  among  even  the  most  fa- 
vored classes  of  society;  while  among  the  less  enlightened  and  the  enslaved 
classes  the  wrongs  which  woman  suffered  were  too  terrible  to  mention. 
Carlyle  has  said,  "Beware  when  the  great  God  lets  loose  a  thinker  upon  this 
earth,"  When  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  bom,  a  thinker  was  "let  loose."  Her 
voice  and  pen  have  lighted  a  torch  whose  sacred  fire,  like  that  of  some  old 
Roman  temples,  dies  not,  but  whose  penetrating  rays  shall  brighten  the  path 
of  women  down  the  long  line  of  ages  yet  to  come.  Our  children  and  our 
children's  children  will  be  taught  to  honor  her  memory,  for  they  shall  be 
told  that  she  has  been  always  in  the  vanguard  of  the  immortal  few  who  have 
stood  for  the  great  principles  of  human  rights.  Grander  than  any  other 
achievement  that  has  crowned  the  work  of  woman  in  this  woman's  century 
has  been  that  which  has  led  her  away  from  the  narrow  valley  of  custom  and 
prejudice  up  to  the  lofty  heights  where  she  can  accept  the  divine  teaching 
that  "God  hath  made  of  one  blood  all  nations  of  men." 

Not  until  the  suffrage  movement  had  awakened  woman  to  her  responsibility 
and  power,  did  she  come  to  appreciate  the  true  significance  of  Christ's  pity 
for  Magdalene  as  well  as  of  his  love  for  Mary ;  not  till  then  was  the  work  of 
Pundita  Ramabai  in  far  away  India  as  sacred  as  that  of  Frances  Willard  at 
home  in  America;  not  till  she  had  suffered  under  the  burden  of  her  own 
wrongs  and  abuses  did  she  realize  the  all-important  truth  that  no  woman  and 
no  class  of  women  can  be  degraded  and  all  womankind  not  suffer  thereby. 

And  so.  Miss  Anthony,  in  behalf  of  the  hundreds  of  colored  women  who 
wait  and  hope  with  you  for  the  day  when  the  ballot  shall  be  in  the  hands  of 
every  intelligent  woman;  and  also  in  behalf  of  the  thousands  who  sit  in 
darkness  and  whose  condition  we  shall  expect  those  ballots  to  better,  whether 
they  be  in  the  hands  of  white  women  or  black,  I  offer  you  my  warmest  grati- 
tude and  congratulations. 

Mrs.  Thompson  presented  $200  with  the  following  tribute : 

...  In  behalf  of  the  suffragists  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  both  men 
and  women,  I  am  happy  to  say,  I  am  deputized  to  present  to  you  a  gift  which 
expresses  their  regard  and  love  for  you  as  well  as  their  appreciation  of  the 
almost  superhuman  efforts  you  have  made  for  the  past  fifty  years  to  secure 
justice  and  civil  and  political  equality  for  women. 

The  gift  is  in  the  form  of  what  is  often  called  "the  sinews  of  war"— money. 


1 184  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19OO] 

Not  coarse,  dead  cash,  such  as  i>asses  from  hand  to  hand  in  everyday  trans- 
actions, but  money  every  penny  of  which  is  alive  with  sincere  thanks  and 
earnest,  loving  wishes  for  happiness  and  continued  success  in  all  your  en- 
deavors.   .    .    . 

We  do  not  hail  you,  love  you,  as  one  who  has  made  woman's  life  easier, 
strewn  it  with  more  rose  leaves  of  idleness,  shielded  it  from  more  stress  and 
storm,  but  as  one  who  has  taken  the  grander,  truer  view,  that  by  equally 
sharing  stress  and  storm,  by  equal  effort  and  work,  by  equality  in  rights, 
privileges,  powers  and  opportunities  with  man — ^her  other  self — woman  will 
evolve  and  will  reach  her  loftiest,  loveliest  development.  Not  as  an  apostle 
of  ease,  shrinking  fear  and  parasitism  do  we  regard  you,  but  as  the  apostle, 
the  incarnation  of  work,  of  high  courage,  of  deathless  endeavor. 

We  wish  our  gift  were  myriad-fold  greater,  but  it  could  never  express 
more  appreciation  of  what  you  stand  for  and  what  you  are— a  Liberator  of 
Woman. 

Mrs.  Helen  M.  Warren,  wife  of  the  Senator  from  Wyoming, 
speaking  in  a  fine,  resonant  voice  which  would  do  credit  to  any 
legislative  hall,  read  the  poem  written  by  Miss  Phoebe  Gary  for 
the  celebration  of  Miss  Anthony's  fiftieth  anniversary,  presented 
her  with  a  brooch,  a  little  American  flag  made  of  gold  and  jewels, 
and  said:  "I  feel  honored  on  this,  your  eightieth  birthday,  to 
represent  the  State  of  Wyoming  which  has  espoused  your  cause 
for  more  than  thirty  years.  I  have  in  my  hand  a  flag,  which 
bears  on  its  field  forty-one  common  stars  and  four  diamonds, 
representing  the  four  progressive  or  suffrage  States — ^Wyoming, 
the  banner  State,  Colorado,  Utah  and  Idaho.  The  back  of  the 
flag  bears  this  inscription :  *Miss  Anthony :  From  the  ladies  of 
Wyoming,  who  love  and  revere  you.  Many  happy  returns  of  the 
day.  1820— 1900.'  We  hope  you  may  live  to  see  all  the  common 
stars  turn  into  diamonds.  With  kindly  greetings  from  Wyoming 
I  present  you  this  expression  of  her  esteem." 

Mrs.  Shafroth,  wife  of  the  Representative  from  Colorado,  pre- 
sented a  gift  designed  and  made  by  the  women  of  her  State,  say- 
ing :  "It  is  with  great  pleasure  that  I  bring  you  the  greeting  from 
the  sun-kissed  land  of  the  West,  where  the  flag  which  we  all  love, 
and  of  which  we  all  sing,  really  waves  over  the  land  of  the  free 
and  the  home  of  the  brave.  Our  men  are  brave  and  generous  and 
our  women  are  free.  You  and  your  noble  co-workers  stormed 
the  heights  of  ridicule  and  prejudice  to  win  this  freedom  for 


[1900]  THE   EIGHTIETH   BIRTHDAY   CELEBRATION.  II85 

woman.  In  behalf  of  our  Non-Partisan  Equal  Suffrage  Associa- 
tion, I  beg  you  to  accept  this  ^loving  cup'  of  Colorado  silver." 

Mrs.  Emily  S.  Richards  brought  the  affectionate  greetings  of 
the  women  of  Utah,  and  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt  referred  to  the  lov- 
ing testimonials  which  had  been  sent  by  the  Idaho  women.  Then 
after  an  exquisite  violin  solo  by  Mr.  Douglass,  she  said :  "The 
liberties  of  the  citizens  of  the  future  will  be  still  more  an  out- 
growth of  this  movement  than  those  of  the  present,"  and  to  the 
delighted  surprise  of  the  audience  the  following  scene  occurred, 
as  described  by  the  Post:  "The  most  beautiful  and  touching  part 
of  the  program  was  when  eighty  little  children,  boys  and  girls, 
passed  in  single  file  across  the  stage,  each  bearing  a  rose.  Slowly 
they  marched,  keeping  time  to  music,  and,  as  they  reached  the 
spot  where  Miss  Anthony  sat,  each  child  deposited  a  blossom  in 
her  lap,  a  rose  for  every  year.  It  was  a  surprise  so  complete,  so 
wonderfully  beautiful,  that  for  a  few  minutes  she  could  do  noth- 
ing more  than  grasp  the  hand  of  each  child.  Then  she  began 
kissing  the  little  people  and  the  applause  which  greeted  this  act 
was  deafening.  The  roses  were  distributed  among  the  pioneers 
at  the  close  of  the  exercises  by  her  request^ 

Mrs.  Coonley-Ward  of  Chicago,  read  an  original  poem,  entitled 
Love's  Rosary,  which  closed  as  follows : 

Behold  our  Queen  I   Surely  with  heart  elate 
At  homage  given  to  her  love  and  power. 

World-famed  associate  of  the  wise  and  great, 
She  is  herself  the  woman  of  the  hour. 

How  kindly  have  the  years  all  dealt  with  her! 

She  proves  that  Bible  promises  are  true; 
She  waited  on  the  Lord  without  demur, 

And  he  failed  not  her  courage  to  renew. 

Oft  on  the  wings  of  eagles  she  uprose ; 

On  mercy's  errands  have  her  glad  feet  run ; 
And  yet  no  sign  of  weariness  she  shows; 

She  does  not  faint  but  works  from  sun  to  sun. 

^This  interesting  little  act  was  managed  by  Miss  Cora  de  la  Matyr  Thomas,  of  the  Dis- 
trict. The  fcene  was  reproduced  in  a  large  painting  by  Miss  Sarah  J.  Eddy,  of  Provi- 
dence, R.  I. 


Il86  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

Deep  in  her  eyes  bum  fires  of  purpose  strong; 

Her  hand  upholds  the  sceptre  of  God's  truth; 
Her  lips  send  forth  brave  words  against  the  wrong; 

Glows  in  her  heart  the  joy  of  deathless  youth. 

Kindly  and  gentle,  learned,  too,  and  wise ; 

Lover  of  home  and  all  the  ties  of  kin ; 
Gay  comrade  of  the  laughing  lips  and  eyes ; 

Give  us  new  words  to  sing  your  praises  in. 

Yet  let  us  rather  now  forget  to  praise, 
Remembering  only  this  true  friend  to  greet. 

As  drawing  near  by  straight  and  devious  ways. 
We  lay  our  heart — ^love's  guerdon — ^at  her  feet 

Blow,  O  ye  winds  across  the  oceans,  blow  1 

Go  to  the  hills  and  prairies  of  the  West  I 
Haste  to  the  tropics,  search  the  fields  of  snow. 

Let  the  world's  gift  to  her  become  your  quest 

Shine,  sun,  through  prism  of  the  waterfall, 
And  build  us  here  a  rainbow  arch  to  span 

The  years,  and  hold  the  citadel 
Of  her  abiding  work  for  God  and  man ! 

What  is  the  gift,  O  winds,  that  ye  have  brought? 

O,  sun,  what  legends  shines  your  arch  above? 
Ah,  they  are  one,  and  all  things  else  are  naught 

Take  them,  beloved— they  are  love,  love,  love  I 

Mrs.  Blatch  spoke  eloquently  for  her  mother,  saying  in  part: 

I  bring  to  you,  Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  greetings  of  your  friend  and  co- 
worker, Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  greetings  full  of  gracious  memories.  When 
the  cause  for  which  you  have  worked  shall  be  victorious,  then,  as  is  the  way 
of  the  world,  will  it  be  forgotten  that  it  ever  meant  effort  or  struggle  for 
pioneers;  but  the  friendship  of  you  two  women  will  remain  a  precious  mem- 
ory in  the  world's  history,  unforgotten  and  unforgettable.  Your  lives  have 
proved  not  only  that  women  can  work  strenuously  together  without  jealousy, 
but  that  they  can  be  friends  in  times  of  sunshine  and  peace,  of  storm  and 
stress.  No  mere  fair-weather  friends  have  you  been  to  each  other. 

Does  not  Emerson  say  that  friendship  is  the  slowest  fruit  in  the  garden  of 
God?  The  fruit  of  friendship  between  you  two  has  grown  through  half- 
a-hundred  years,  each  year  making  it  more  beautiful,  more  mellow,  more 
sweet  But  you  have  not  been  weak  echoes  of  each  other;  nay,  often  for  the 
good  of  each  you  were  thorns  in  the  side,  yet  disagreement  only  quickened 
loyalty.  Supplementing  each  other,  companionship  drew  out  the  best  in  eacht 


[IQOO]  THE   EIGHTIETH   BIRTHDAY   CELEBRATION.  I187 

and  you  have  both  been  urged  to  untiring  efforts  through  the  sympathy,  the 
help  of  each  other.  You  have  attained  the  highest  achievement  in  demon- 
strating a  lofty,  an  ideal  friendship.  This  friendship  of  you  two  women  is  a 
benediction  for  our  century. 

The  last  and  tenderest  words  were  spoken  by  Miss  Shaw,  whose 
tribute  given  with  voice  and  manner  that  thrilled  every  one  who 
heard,  can  only  be  most  inadequately  reported : 

A  little  over  a  hundred  years  ago  there  came  men  who  told  what  freedom 
was  and  what  freemen  might  become.  Later  women  with  the  same  love  of 
it  in  their  hearts  said,  "There  is  no  sex  in  freedom;  whatever  it  makes  pos- 
sible for  men  it  will  make  possible  for  women."  A  few  of  these  daring  souls 
went  forth  to  blaze  the  path.  Gradually  the  sunlight  of  freedom  shone  in 
their  faces  and  they  encouraged  others  to  follow.  They  went  slowly  for  the 
way  was  hard.  They  must  make  the  path  and  it  was  a  weary  task.  Sometimes 
darkness  settled  over  them  and  they  had  to  grope  their  way.  Mott,  Stanton, 
Stone,  Anthony — ^not  one  retraced  her  footsteps.  The  two  who  are  left  still 
stand  on  the  summit,  great,  glorious  figures.  We  ask,  "Is  the  way  difficult?" 
They  answer,  "Yes,  but  the  sun  shines  on  us  and  in  the  valley  they  know 
nothing  of  its  glory.  Their  cry  we  hear  and  we  are  calling  back  to  those  who 
are  still  in  the  valley  to  presb  on."    .    .    . 

Leader,  comrade,  friend,  no  name  can  express  what  you  are  to  us.  You 
might  have  led  us  as  commander  and  we  might  have  followed  and  obeyed, 
but  there  still  might  have  been  wanting  the  divine  force  of  unchanging  love. 
We  look  up  to  the  sunlight  where  you  stand  and  say,  "We  are  coming." 
When  we  shall  be  fourscore  we  shall  still  be  calling  to  you,  "We  are  coming," 
for  you  will  still  be  beckoning  us  on  as  you  climb  yet  loftier  heights.  Souls 
like  yours  can  never  rest  in  all  the  eternities  of  God. 

Then  a  hush  fell  on  the  people  and  they  waited  for  Miss  An- 
thony. When  at  last  she  arose  in  all  the  majesty  of  her  eighty 
years,  something  like  a  sob  came  from  the  throats  of  the  great 
multitude.  No  one  ever  had  seen  her  so  moved  as  on  this  occasion 
when  her  memory  must  have  carried  her  back  to  the  days  of  bare 
halls,  hostile  audiences,  ridicule,  abuse,  loneliness  and  ostracism. 
"Would  she  be  able  to  speak?"  many  in  the  audience  asked  them- 
selves, but  the  nearest  friends  waited  calmly  and  without  anxiety. 
They  had  never  known  her  to  fail.   The  result  was  thus  described : 

For  a  moment  after  gaining  her  feet  Miss  Anthony  stood  battling  with  her 
emotions,  but  her  indomitable  courage  conquered,  and  she  smiled  at  the  audi- 
ence as  it  rose  to  greet  her.  The  moment  she  began  talking  the  shadow  passed 
from  her  face  and  she  stood  erect,  with  head  uplifted,  full  of  her  old-time 
vigor.  "How  can  you  expect  me  to  say  a  word?"  she  said.    "And  yet  I  must 


Il88  UFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

speak.  I  have  received  letters  and  telegrams  from  all  over  the  world,  but  the 
one  that  has  touched  me  most  is  a  simple  note  which  came  from  an  old  home 
of  slavery,  from  a  woman  oflF  whose  hands  and  feet  the  shackles  fell  nearly 
forty  years  ago.  That  letter,  my  friends,  contained  eighty  cents — one  penny 
for  every  year.   It  was  all  this  aged  person  had.    .    .    . 

I  am  grateful  for  the  many  expressions  which  I  have  listened  to  this  after- 
noon. I  have  heard  the  grandson  of  the  great  Frederick  Douglass  speak  to 
me  through  his  violin.  .  .  .  Among  the  addresses  from  my  younger  co- 
workers, none  has  touched  me  so  deeply  as  that  from  the  one  of  darker  hue. 
.  .  .  Nothing  speaks  so  strongly  of  freedom  as  the  fact  that  the  descend- 
ants of  those  who  went  through  that  great  agony — ^which,  thank  Heaven,  has 
passed  away — ^have  now  full  opportunities  and  can  help  celebrate  my  fifty 
years'  work  for  liberty.  I  am  glad  of  the  gains  the  half-century  has  brought 
to  the  women  of  Anglo-Saxon  birth.  I  am  glad  above  all  else  that  the  time 
is  coming  when  all  women  alike  shall  have  the  fullest  rights  of  citizenship. 
I  thank  you  all.  If  I  have  had  one  regret  this  afternoon,  it  is  that  some  whom 
I  have  longed  to  have  with  me  can  not  be  here,  especially  Mrs.  Stanton.  I 
want  to  impress  the  fact  that  my  work  could  have  accomplished  nothing  if 
I  had  not  been  surrounded  with  earnest  and  capable  co-workers.    .    .    . 

I  have  shed  no  tears  on  arriving  at  a  birthday  ten  years  beyond  the  age  set 
for  humanity.  I  have  shed  none  over  resigning  the  presidency  of  the  associa- 
tion. I  do  it  cheerfully.  And  even  so,  when  my  time  comes,  I  shall  go  on 
further  and  accept  my  new  place  and  vocation  just  as  cheerfully  as  I  have 
touched  this  landmark.  I  have  passed  as  the  leader  of  the  association  of  which 
I  have  been  a  member  for  so  long  but  I  am  not  through  working,  for  I  shall 
work  to  the  end  of  my  time;  and  when  I  am  called  home,  if  there  exist  an 
immortal  spirit,  mine  will  still  be  with  you,  watching  and  inspiring  you. 

Thus  the  rich,  strong  voice  sent  forth  a  song  of  triumphant  joy 
over  this  splendid  flower  and  fruit  of  her  fifty  years*  effort.  The 
toil,  the  disappointments,  the  suffering,  all  were  as  nothing  com- 
pared with  the  glorious  results.  And  when  she  had  finished,  be- 
hold in  place  of  thorns  and  stones,  there  were  roses  all  about  her 
feet! 

In  the  evening  the  Corcoran  Art  Gallery,  one  of  the  world's 
beautiful  buildings,  was  thrown  open  for  the  birthday  reception. 
A  colored  orchestra,  under  the  leadership  of  Mr.  Douglass,  ren- 
dered a  musical  program.  President  Kauffman,  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  presented  the  visitors  and  the  Birthday  Committee  as- 
sisted in  receiving.  Although  Miss  Anthony  had  attended  a  busi- 
ness meeting  in  the  morning  and  been  the  central  figure  in  the 
celebration  of  the  afternoon  lasting  until  six  o'clock,  she  was  so 
happy  and  vivacious  during  the  entire  evening  as  to  challenge 


MISS  ANTHONY  IN  THE  GARNET  VELVET  DRESS. 

Takbn  in  thb  Latb  Nineties  in  the  Studio  of  Bessie  Potter,  for  Modeling  Statuette. 


/ 

/ 


[1900]  THE  EIGHTIETH   BIRTHDAY   CELEBRATION.  I189 

admiration.  In  this  artistic  and  appropriate  setting,  robed  in  her 
stately  gown  of  garnet  velvet  with  its  decoration  of  antique  lace, 
the  honored  guest  herself  was  the  most  beautiful  picture  of  all  the 
collection  in  this  famous  gallery. 

One  of  the  many  accounts  sent  to  all  parts  of  the  country  said : 

For  two  hours,  without  a  moment's  intermission,  Miss  Anthony  clasped 
hands  with  those  who  were  presented  to  her  and  listened  to  congratulatory 
expressions.  A  number  of  organizations  of  women  and  also  the  entire  mem- 
bership of  the  Washington  College  of  Law  for  Women,  attended  the  recep- 
tion in  a  body.  The  guests  all  passed  on  to  the  second  floor,  where  hung  the 
fine  portrait  of  Miss  Anthony  which  was  presented  to  the  Corcoran  Art 
Gallery  last  night  by  Mrs.  John  B.  Henderson,  wife  of  the  former  Senator 
from  Missouri.    .    .    . 

During  the  two  hours  everyone  who  greeted  Miss  Anthony  appeared  to 
have  known  her  at  some  time  and  at  some  place  long  ago,  and  wanted  to  stop 
and  converse  with  her.  In  speaking  of  the  event  after  it  was  over,  she  said : 
"Wasn't  it  wonderful?  It  seemed  as  if  every  person  in  that  vast  throng  had 
met  me  before,  or  that  I  had  during  my  long  life  been  a  visitor  at  the  home 
of  some  of  their  relatives.  It  was  grand,  it  was  beautiful.  It  is  good  to  be 
loved  by  so  many  people.  It  is  worth  all  the  toil  and  the  heartaches." 

From  a  little  band  apparently  leading  a  forlorn  hope,  almost 
universally  ridiculed  and  condemned,  Miss  Anthony  had  increased 
her  forces  to  a  mighty  host  marching  forward  to  an  assured  vic- 
tory. From  a  condition  of  social  ostracism  she  had  brought  them 
■  to  a  position  where  they  commanded  respect  and  admiration  for 
their  courageous  advocacy  of  a  just  cause.  The  small,  curious, 
ims)rmpathetic  audiences  of  early  days  had  been  transformed  into 
this  large  gathering,  which  represented  the  highest  official  life  of 
the  nation's  capital  and  the  intellectual  aristocracy  of  all  the 
States  in  the  Union.  It  was  a  wonderful  change  to  have  been 
effected  in  the  lifetime  of  one  woman,  and  all  posterity  will  rejoice 
that  the  leader  of  this  greatest  of  progressive  movements  received 
the  full  measure  of  recognition  from  the  people  of  her  own  time 
and  generation. 


CHAPTER  LVII. 

INTERESTING  LETTERS   FROM    MISS   ANTHONY. 
1900. 

HERE  was  scarcely  a  paper  in  the  United  States 
that  did  not  have  something  to  say  in  regard  to 
the  famous  eightieth  birthday  and  among  the  com- 
ments then,  just  as  many  times  before  and  after- 
wards, were  some  which,  while  admitting  that  Miss 
Anthony  had  made  a  considerable  success  of  life,  bewailed  the 
fact  that  she  had  failed  to  achieve  woman's  highest  destiny — 
marriage.  One  editorial  which  closed  its  panegyric  by  saying, 
"But  after  all  there  is  an  element  of  tragedy  in  the  fact  that  Miss 
Anthony  has  missed  wifehood  and  motherhood,  the  crowning 
honor  and  glory  of  a  woman's  life,"  was  answered  by  the  Cleve- 
land Leader  with  the  following,  which  gave  her  no  end  pf  amuse- 
ment: 

It  is  undeniable  that  Miss  Anthony  has  missed  wifehood  and  motherhood, 
and  in  summing  up  a  woman's  life  it  is  only  fair  that  we  should  count  the 
things  she  has  missed  along  with  the  things  she  has  gained.  Miss  Anthoiqr 
has  gained  the  love  and  reverence  of  millions  of  people  now  living  and  of 
millions  yet  to  be,  but  then  she  has  never  known  the  unspeakable  bliss  of 
nursing  a  family  of  children  through  the  measles,  whooping  cough  and  mumps. 
She  has  lived  a  useful  and  perfectly  unselfish  life,  but  she  doesn't  know  a 
thing  in  the  world  about  the  supreme  happiness  that  lies  in  being  housekeeper, 
cook,  chambermaid,  nurse,  seamstress,  hostess  and  half-a-dozen  other  things 
every  day  in  the  year  till  nervous  prostration  puts  an  end  to  the  complicated 
business. 

She  has  stood  on  a  thousand  platforms  and  listened  to  the  applause  of  vast 
audiences,  but  she  doesn't  know  the  glory  and  honor  there  is  in  picking  up 
a  bucket  of  hot  water  and  climbing  a  step  ladder  to  wash  the  doors  and  win- 
dows. All  the  joy  and  rapture  of  housecleaning  in  the  beautiful  month  of  May 
are  as  a  sealed  book  to  her.  She  has  made  the  life  of  womankind  broader, 
deeper  and  higher  than  women  ever  dreamed  it  could  be,  but  she  has  no 

(I 190) 


[igOO]      INTERESTING   LETTERS   FROM    MISS   ANTHONY.  IIQI 

conception  of  the  breadth,  depth  and  height  of  satisfaction  to  be  found  in 
nursing  a  baby  through  *'three-months-colic." 

She  has  made  the  world  over  but  she  is  ignorant  of  the  abandon  of  joy 
a  woman  feels  when  she  makes  over  an  old  dress  for  the  third  time  and  then 
sees  John  start  off  on  his  summer  fishing  trip.  She  has  been  free  and  inde- 
pendent always  and  the  women  who  are  happier  for  her  work  will  see  that 
she  never  lacks  for  any  good  thing,  but  alas,  she  has  never  known  the  ecstasy 
of  asking  John  for  ten  cents  to  pay  street-car  fare  and  she  has  never  ex- 
perienced the  bliss  of  hearing  him  growl  about  the  price  of  her  Easter  bonnet 
and  groan  over  the  monthly  grocery  bill.  Here  the  "element  of  tragedy" 
looms  up  very  large  indeed. 

It  is  said  that  on  Miss  Anthony's  last  birthday  anniversary  she  received 
3/xx>  letters  congratulatory  of  the  things  she  has  gained  in  her  eighty  years 
of  life.  But  there  are  wives  and  mothers  who  would  cheerfully  and  heartily 
write  her  500,000  more  letters  congratulatory  of  the  things  she  has  missed. 

The  birthday  celebration  was  followed  by  several  days  of 
committee  meetings  and  then  most  of  the  official  board  went 
home,  but  Miss  Anthony  remained  "to  pelt  the  members  of 
Congress,"  as  she  expressed  it.  The  journal  on  February  22 
said :  "I  wrote  eight  letters  to  Senators  this  morning,  enclosing 
petitions,  and  forgot  to  go  to  lunch.'*  On  the  23rd,  accom- 
panied by  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt,  she  went  by  invitation  to  the 
Congress  of  the  D.  A.  R.  and  was  for  the  third  time  presented 
to  that  body.  She  made  a  few  strong  remarks,  and,  as  she  after- 
wards observed,  "had  quite  a  recognition!"  In  Mrs.  Catt's 
brief  speech  she  said  to  the  delegates,  "The  difference  between 
your  organization  and  ours  is  that  you  are  celebrating  history 
and  we  are  making  it."  They  then  went  to  the  Capitol  and 
lunched  with  Senator  Francis  E.  Warren,  of  Wyoming,  to  talk 
over  the  prospects  of  various  bills  relating  to  suffrage.  On  Sun- 
day Mrs.  John  B.  Henderson  gave  a  dinner  party  with  a  num- 
ber of  distinguished  guests  present. 

Miss  Anthony's  chief  reason  for  remaining  in  Washington 
was  to  take  out  incorporation  papers  for  the  Standing  Fund 
which  she  proposed  to  raise  at  the  earliest  possible  moment,  the 
interest  to  be  used  in  work  for  woman  suffrage.  Mrs.  Hender- 
^9on  and  Mrs.  Julia  Langdon  Barber  joined  with  her  as  incor- 
porators and  she  had  the  promise  of  assistance  from  Mr.  George 
W.  Catt  and  other  capable  business  men.    Her  mark  was  set  at 

any  sum  from  $100,000  to  $500,000  and  she  believed  that  with 
Ant.  Ill— 6 


1 192  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.   ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

her  power  for  money  getting  she  would  be  able  to  secure  a  large 
^      amount    She  realized  that  the  work  of  the  association  and  the 
.     financial  demands  would  continue  to  increase  for  many  years  to 
j     come  and  she  was  determined  that  the  leaders  of  the  movement 
1     in  the  future  should  not  dissipate  their  time  and  energy  in  the 
\    effort  to  secure  the  necessary  means.     She  herself  had  had  a 
lifetime  of  this  struggle  and  she  felt  that  others  could  discharge 
her  official  duties  more  easily  than  they  could  raise  the  money, 
so  this  was  one  of  the  reasons  which  led  her  to  resign  the  presi- 
dency.   Then,  also,  she  thought  that  with  the  prestige  which  her 
long  service  had  gained  for  her  she  would  be  welcomed  at  con- 
ventions of  many  kinds  and  permitted  to  present  her  cause  where 
other  women  of  less  renown  might  be  refused,  and  she  saw  here 
a  promising  field  when  release  from  office  should  give  her  the 
time.    She  was  most  anxious  to  prepare  the  next  volume  of  the 
History  of  Woman  Suffrage,  whose  first  three  were  finished  in 
1884.     There   were,    besides,    various   minor   undertakings    to 
which  she  wanted  to  devote  a  part  of  her  time,  and  so,  at  eighty 
years  of  age,  she  had  mapped  out  a  program  of  work  which 
might  well  have  appalled  a  woman  of  half  that  number  of  years. 
/      Upon  arriving  home  the  first  herculean  task  which  confronted 
/    her  was  the  acknowledging  of  those  1,100  birthday  letters  and 
i     telegrams  and  the  scores  of  gifts.    Relatives  and  friends  im- 
'  plored  her  to  make  out  a  cordial,  appreciative  form  of  letter  and 
have  it  engraved  or  even  typewritten,  and  only  to  write  indi- 
vidual ones  where  it  seemed  absolutely  essential.    This  she  re- 
t  fused  positively  to  do,  saying  that  a  personal  letter — ^**a  respectful 
word,"  she  phrased  it — was  the  very  smallest  return  to  make 
for  «uch  birthday  remembrances  as  she  had  received.   Then  they 
begged  that  she  would  use  a  rubber  stamp  for  her  signature,  but 
she  was  sternly  obdurate  and  they  were  forced  to  leave  her  to 
her  fate.  Immediately  after  breakfast  each  morning  she  sat  down 
at  her  desk  with  the  heaped-up  basket  of  letters  at  her  left  hand 
and  a  stenographer  at  her  right,  and  dictated  steadily  till  noon; 
then  the  stenographer  left  to  transcribe  her  notes.   In  the  after- 
noon the  second  came  and  received  constant  dictation  till  evening. 
By  that  time  the  first  lot  were  returned  and  as  soon  as  supper 


[1900]      INTERESTING   LETTERS   FROM    MISS   ANTHONY.  II93 

was  over,  Miss  Anthony  began  reading  and  signing  them.  When 
one  seemed  cold  and  formal  or  in  any  way  inadequate  she  threw 
it  in  the  waste  basket  and  wrote  another  by  hand. 

This  routine  was  kept  up  without  intermission  for  at  least  two 
months.  As  it  was  not  possible  to  tell  the  secretaries  which  let- 
ters should  be  duplicated  copies  were  kept  of  all  of  them.  If  noth- 
ing else  remained  this  remarkable  collection  would  be  an  index 
to  Miss  Anthony's  prominent  characteristics.  They  acknowl- 
edged gratefully  the  remembrance,  whether  large  or  small,  wished 
the  senders  had  been  at  the  meetings,  enclosed  the  birthday  souve- 
nirs that  were  used,  referred  to  some  time  when  she  had  met  them 
or  had  lectured  in  their  city,  sent  love  to  their  mothers,  sisters, 
children,  even  grandchildren,  and  asked  that  they  would  try  to 
visit  her.  In  nearly  every  letter  was  a  word  of  praise  for  some 
of  her  fellow-workers — Mrs.  Stanton,  Miss  Shaw,  Mrs.  Catt, 
Mrs.  Avery,  Mrs.  Upton — ^and  always  a  tribute  to  somebody's 
good  qualities.  Then,  almost  without  exception,  she  "got  down 
to  business,"  urged  them  to  build  up  their  suffrage  clubs,  to  form 
new  ones,  to  hold  frequent  meetings,  to  take  the  suffrage  papers, 
to  show  their  love  for  her  by  working  for  the  cause.  Wherever 
there  was  the  slightest  use  she  pressed  them  to  take  Life  Mem- 
berships or  to  subscribe  to  the  Standing  Fund.  "Do  you  ask  me 
what  good  it  will  do  you  to  become  a  life  member?"  she  wrote. 
"First,  it  will  give  you  the  right  to  feel  that  you  have  given  the 
weight  of  your  name,  your  influence  and  your  money  to  help  the 
work  of  enfranchising  women ;  second,  the  right  to  attend  all  the 
executive  sessions  and  receive  all  the  publications;  third,  the 
right  to  feel  that  you  are  permanently  identified  with  the  Na- 
tional Association."  To  some  of  her  own  relatives  who  had  sent 
her  a  generous  check  she  wrote:  "That  was  beautiful  in  you, 
and  now  I  want  you  to  send  me  a  few  thousand  dollars  for  the 
Standing  Fund.  Send  them  while  you  are  yet  alive  and  then 
after  you  are  done  using  your  money  leave  it  a  few  thousand 
more  in  your  last  will  and  testament." 

Really  it  is  not  surprising  that  Miss  Anthony  was  unwilling  to 
use  a  stereotyped  form  of  letter! 

Of  course  there  were  many  protests  because  she  resigned  the 


1 194  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.   ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

presidency  and  such  she  answered:  "It  is  no  longer  necessary 
that  I  stand  at  the  helm.  The  younger  women  of  today  have 
proved  themselves  equal  to  every  demand.  The  time  must  have 
come  very  soon,  if  it  had  not  now,  and  whenever  it  did  come 
there  would  be  a  little  roughing  of  the  waters.  I  felt  that  this 
had  better  happen  while  I  was  yet  alive  to  pour  oil  on  them." 

The  stage  of  the  Lafayette  Opera  House  had  its  limits,  yet 
many  there  were  who  felt  they  had  a  right  to  sit  thereon  at  the 
birthday  celebration,  and  those  who  were  not  asked  to  do  so  told 
Miss  Anthony  about  it  in  strong  language  afterwards.  She  was 
terribly  distressed  and  to  one  who  was  so  angry  she  left  the  city 
before  the  festivities,  she  wrote:  "I  cannot  think  without  a 
heartache  of  that  last  sight  and  word  with  you  in  the  elevator  as 
I  was  going  to  the  opera  house  and  you  said  you  were  going  to 
the  train.  Why  in  the  world  did  you  not  tell  me  you  had  no  ticket 
for  the  stage?  I  went  to  your  room  several  times  during  the 
week  and  never  found  you  in.  I  cannot  forgive  myself  for  not 
having  learned  for  sure  that  you  had  one,  but  alas,  no  amount  of 
regret  can  remedy  the  blunder.  I  feel  certain  that  if  we  had 
those  days  to  live  over  I  would  attend  to  my  duty  and  had  I 
failed  you  would  have  known  it  was  a  mistake  and  so  would  have 
gone  to  the  exercises  anyhow.  That  this  should  have  happened 
to  one  of  my  life-long  friends  will  ever  be  a  source  of  sorrow  to 
me,  but  I  know  you  too  well  to  believe  that  your  love  and  faith 
in  me  or  mine  in  you  can  ever  change." 

To  her  old  friends,  General  and  Mrs.  Rufus  Saxon,  the  letter 
said:  "The  thought  just  crosses  my  mind  that  you  were  not  on 
the  platform.  Can  it  be  possible  that  you  were  not  invited  to  be 
there  ?  If  you  were  not  I  am  sure  the  fault  was  mine.  When  the 
list  of  pioneers  was  submitted  to  me  I  fear  that  in  the  hurry  and 
pressure  I  did  not  notice  your  names  were  omitted.  I  beg  of  you 
to  let  the  blame  fall  on  me  and  not  on  my  young  lieutenants  if 
you  were  not  invited  to  honor  me  and  our  cause  by  sitting  on  the 
stage  that  afternoon."  In  a  letter  to  Miss  Caroline  Sherman :  "I 
hope  you  had  tickets,  but  alas,  I  have  learned  that  some  of  my 
oldest  and  dearest  friends  were  not  thought  of  in  time  either  by 
the  committee  or  by  me,  and,  worse  still,  they  did  not  write  or 


[igOO]      INTERESTING   LETTERS   FROM    MISS   ANTHONY.  1 1 95 

come  to  me  to  refresh  my  memory  of  them.  I  never  go  to  Wash- 
ington without  thinking  of  you  and  dear  Ellen  Sheldon  and  Ade- 
laide Johnson.  I  shall  never  forget  any  of  you  while  memory 
lasts — ^how  you  used  to  come  to  me  in  the  olden  times,  the  mo- 
ment the  papers  announced  my  arrival,  to  see  what  you  could 
do  to  assist  me,  and  stay  after  your  office  hours  till  ten  or  eleven 
o'clock  at  night,  week  after  week,  helping  about  the  conventions 
— ^and  all  without  a  penny  of  compensation.  Surely  the  least  I 
could  have  done  was  to  give  orders  that  each  should  be  invited 
to  my  birthday  celebration !  As  I  sat  there  listening  to  the  women 
who  spoke  I  thought  over  all  of  the  helpers  of  bygone  days  and 
no  names  came  to  me  then,  or  come  today,  as  I  look  over  the 
long,  long  past,  whose  owners  I  cherish  more  than  yours." 

To  one  woman  who  grieved  because  she  had  no  chance  to 
"have  a  talk"  with  Miss  Anthony  the  evening  of  the  reception  in 
the  Corcoran  Art  Gallery  she  wrote:  "No,  there  was  no  time 
for  you  or  anyone  else  to  speak  what  was  in  her  heart,  so  you 
were  not  alone  in  your  disappointment ;  and  I  am  sure  that  most 
of  all  that  company  did  I  r^ret  that  I  could  not  say  something 
helpful  to  every  one  whose  hand  I  took."  One  who  complained 
that  in  a  tribute  to  the  workers  Miss  Anthony  did  not  mention 
her  aunt,  she  reminded  that  her  aunt  had  died  before  the  present 
generation  came  on  the  stage  of  action  and  said :  "Try  to  feel 
that  all  who  work  for  humanity  must  do  it  for  humanity's  sake, 
and  they  and  we  and  all  the  friends  must  be  content  if  the  world 
never  praises  nor  thanks  therefor." 

And  oh,  the  poets — ^how  most  of  their  effusions  did  worry  her, 
for  she  could  not  appreciate  them  no  matter  how  hard  she  tried ! 
One  wrote  a  severe  letter  because  her  tribute  had  not  been  read  at 
the  celebration  and  Miss  Anthony  replied :  "It  is  always  a  safer 
plan  for  one  who  writes  of  a  grievance  against  another  to  let 
both  the  writer  and  the  letter  sleep  over  night  before  sending  it. 
I  suppose  there  were  fifty  poems  sent  by  my  dear  friends  and 
children  of  my  dear  friends,  such  as  you  are,  but  it  was  utterly 
impossible  for  me  even  to  look  at  them  in  Washington.  Only 
one,  that  of  Mrs.  Coonley-Ward,  was  read  and  that  by  herself. 
The  other  forty-nine  were  not  read  till  I  came  home,  and  now 


1 196  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.   ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

I  am  putting  them  all  in  a  package  to  be  examined  by  my  bi- 
ographer when  she  writes  the  last  chapter  of  my  life!" 

In  speaking  of  the  death  of  Mrs.  Lucinda  H.  Stone  she  said : 
"The  papers  very  appropriately  call  her  'the  mother  of  clubs/ 
She  did  a  grtBt  work  and  has  had  her  reward  on  the  way  as  she 
went  along,  though  the  old-fashioned  mode  of  expressing  it 
would  be  that  she  has  now  gone  to  her  reward."  To  those  who 
were  trying  to  secure  the  submission  of  an  amendment,  she  wrote : 
"But  if  defeat  comes  to  you  this  time  don't  be  discouraged;  just 
work  on  with  might  and  main  until  you  do  get  a  Legislature  in- 
telligent enough  to  submit  the  question."  In  a  letter  to  one  who 
had  been  put  out  of  office  under  Democratic  regime  and  now 
hoped  to  get  in  again,  she  said :  *It  is  very  hard  for  a  woman  to 
get  her  foot  into  as  good  a  position  as  you  had  in  that  post  office. 
Cannot  you  turn  your  hand  to  some  other  business?  So  many 
thousands  of  men,  all  of  them  with  votes  and  all  promising  to  do 
something  for  the  party,  are  hanging  around  Washington  all  the 
time  that  I  don't  see  how  women  can  dream  of  getting  offices. 
There  are  too  many  hungry  Republicans  wanting  them." 

The  young  women  she  urged  to  enter  actively  into  the  move- 
ment. "One  of  the  things  that  rejoice  me  most  in  these  days," 
she  wrote,  "is  to  see  so  many  young  women  and  girls  coming 
forward  to  be  educated  into  the  work  needed  for  our  good  cause, 
who  will  be  ready  to  carry  it  forward  when  those  now  in  charge 
must  begin  to  lay  it  down.  One  thing  you  can  do,  whatever  limi- 
tations you  may  have  to  your  power  of  working,  you  can  show 
your  colors,  let  your  friends  know  you  are  a  suffragist,  and  your- 
self live  such  a  strong,  true,  womanly  life  as  shall  make  even  the 
Ignorant  and  prejudiced  respect  the  cause  of  which  you  are  a 
representative."  And  again:  "The  most  pleasant  part  of  my 
birthday  celebration  to  me  was  the  feeling  that  I  had  in  a  meas- 
ure helped  to  make  conditions  better  for  women.  The  one  way 
for  the  young  people  to  show  their  appreciation  of  the  labor  of 
the  pioneers  is  to  give  their  names,  their  energies  and  their  money 
to  organized  effort  for  securing  the  great  essential  not  only  to 
the  best  development  of  women  but  also  to  the  highest  good  of 
the  nation — ^the  right  to  vote."    To  the  girls  of  the  Classical 


[iQOO]      INTERESTING   LETTERS   FROM    MISS   ANTHONY.  II97 

School  Residence,  Indianapolis;  "One  of  the  keenest  pleasures 
I  have  comes  from  the  knowledge  that  the  girls  and  young 
women  in  our  schools  and  colleges  are  being  educated  not  only 
in  the  arts  and  sciences  but  also  in  the  grand  principles  of  free- 
dom and  equality  for  all  citizens.  If  the  celebration  of  my  birth- 
day had  any  significance  for  you  it  was  in  the  fact  that  my  life 
had  been  devoted  to  the  work  of  gaining  the  constitutional  recog- 
nition of  equality  of  rights  for  the  women  of  the  United  States." 

To  one  young  woman  who  sent  her  $50,  but  who,  Miss  An- 
thony knew,  was  not  in  a  financial  condition  to  justify  this,  she 
wrote :  "You  will  remember  I  told  you  I  should  put  that  money 
in  bank  to  be  drawn  out  and  given  back  to  you  whenever  you 
should  need  it  to  pay  your  board,  buy  you  comfortable  clothes 
or  take  you  to  your  home  and  friends.  So,  my  dear,  whenever 
the  time  of  want  comes,  remember  you  are  to  call  on  me  for  that 
$50."  In  making  up  the  program  for  a  meeting  at  Chautauqua, 
N.  Y.,  she  wrote  to  one  of  the  committee :  "Now  we  want  an- 
other bright,  young  woman  who  will  be  new  on  our  platform. 
Whom  would  you  suggest?  Of  course  I  know  there  are  scores 
who  would  like  to  try  their  wings  there,  but  we  must  secure  those 
only  whose  wings  have  been  tried  and  who  have  proved  capable  of 
soaring  in  a  way  satisfactory  to  us."  To  one  of  the  laborers  in 
the  cause  who  complained  that  women  today  did  not  appreciate 
what  had  been  done  for  them  in  the  past  she  said :  "It  is  very 
true  that  most  of  the  women  who  are  enjoying  the  fruits  of  the 
seeds  sown  by  those  of  fifty  years  ago  do  not  realize  their  in- 
debtedness to  the  seed-sowers,  but  that  fact  should  not  deter  any 
of  the  present  generation  from  working  their  best  and  hardest, 
just  as  did  the  pioneers.  So  keep  right  on  trying  to  educate  the 
people  in  the  fundamental  principles  of  our  politics  and  our  re- 
ligion." 

Club  women  in  all  parts  of  the  country  sent  congratulations 
and  Miss  Anthony  did  not  let  any  of  them  escape  without  an  ad- 
monition. To  the  corresponding  secretary  of  the  New  York  State 
Federation  she  wrote:  "It  was  a  great  delight  to  me  to  hear  that 
the  representative  women  of  my  State  really  believe  that  my  life- 
work  has  been  *to  raise  the  plane  of  true  womanhood  to  one  of 


IIQS  life  and  work  of  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

liberty  and  high  ideals/  and  that  they  are  *proud  that  I  am  a 
citizen  of  the  Empire  State/  Please  extend  to  the  officers  and 
members  my  thanks  and  my  hope  that  the  Federation,  30,000 
strong,  may  ere  long  throw  the  weight  of  its  great  influence  on 
the  side  of  political  equality  for  women.  But  until  that  good  time 
comes  I  shall  continue  to  be  exceedingly  grateful  that  it  demands 
equality  for  them  in  the  industrial,  the  educational  and  every 
other  department  of  life.  I  am  thankful  because  I  know  that  soon 
or  late  every  woman  who  thinks,  talks  and  works  to  better  the 
conditions  of  society  must  come  to  see  that  under  a  representative 
form  of  government  her  sex  cannot  accomplish  the  end  she  de- 
sires so  long  as  it  is  disfranchised." 

To  one  clubwoman  Miss  Anthony  wrote :  "The  way  in  which 
all  women  can  best  honor  me  personally,  as  you  desire  to  do,  is 
to  educate  themselves  into  the  understanding  of  what  is  termed 
politics.  The  women  of  four  States  are  now  voting  on  every 
question  to  be  decided  at  the  ballot-box  precisely  as  men  are,  and 
soon  those  of  your  State  of  Ohio  will  be  called  on  to  do  the  same. 
There  is  none  too  much  time  for  those  of  every  State  to  make 
themselves  acquainted  with  the  great  principles  of  our  Govern- 
ment and  its  practical  methods."  And  to  another : 

It  was  very  good  of  you  literary  women  to  cast  a  glance  at  one  whose  life 
has  been  devoted  almost  wholly  to  securing  political  equality  for  all  women. 
The  time  was  in  the  olden  days  when  the  woman  who  aspired  to  literary 
culture  was  derisively  dubbed  a  "blue-stocking*',  but  now  it  has  become  hon- 
orable, yea,  fashionable,  for  women  to  be  proficient  in  literature,  art,  science 
—everything  but  politics.  The  day  is  not  far  distant  when  woman's  acquire- 
ments in  political  knowledge  will  be  regarded  as  just  as  honorable.  My  one 
source  of  gratification  in  the  present  club-engrossment  of  our  women  is  that 
they  cannot  work  far  in  any  direction  without  finding  themselves  crippled 
in  their  efforts  by  the  lack  of  political  force.  It  is  good  to  have  woman's 
moral  influence  on  the  right  side  of  every  question,  but  it  would  be  better  if 
to  this  she  could  add  political  power,  for  then  she  would  be  able  not  only  to 
crystallize  moral  sentiments  into  laws  but  to  enforce  these  laws  after  they 
were  enacted. 

After  Miss  Anthony  had  thanked  the  Women's  Branch  of  the 
Society  for  Ethical  Culture  in  New  York  she  said :  "I  remember 
that  during  the  amendment  campaign  of  1894  Mrs.  Stanton  and 
myself  spoke  before  your  society.  Then  not  all  of  your  members 


[ipOO]      INTERESTING  LETTERS   FROM    MISS   ANTHONY.  II99 

felt  sure  that  they  wanted  women  to  exercise  their  citizen's  right 
to  vote.  I  trust  by  this  time  every  one  of  you  has  come  to  feel 
the  necessity  of  placing  the  ballot  in  the  hands  of  women,  if  not 
because  of  the  abstract  right  of  every  citizen  to  hold  it,  then 
because  the  possession  of  it  would  enable  those  employed  in  the 
labor  market  of  the  world  to  be  paid  equally  with  men  for  equal 
work.  The  very  foundation  of  ethics  is  justice,  therefore  the 
highest  ethical  culture  for  women  must  lie  in  the  direction  of 
securing  justice  for  their  own  sex." 

To  the  women  of  temperance  organizations  Miss  Anthony 
wrote :  "Every  man  who  wants  liquor  selling  to  continue  has  a 
vote  to  deposit  in  favor  of  it.  When  women  get  a  vote  they  can 
deposit  it  against  the  traffic,  but  all  their  talking  and  singing  and 
praying  will  do  very  little  damage  without  the  ballot  Therefore 
I  hope  you  will  set  yourselves  to  work  to  get  the  necessary 
weapons  wherewith  to  battle."  The  Daughters  of  the  American 
^  Revolution  got  this  message :  "If  there  are  any  women  in  the 
world  who  ought  to  believe  in  the  practical  application  of  the 
principles  of  Adams  and  Hancock  and  Jefferson,  they  should  be 
found  among  the  members  of  an  association  like  yours.  May  I 
suggest  that  your  chapters  should  study  not  only  the  history  of 
.  the  Revolution  of  1776  but  also  the  great  underlying  causes  which 
[brought  about  that  war?  And  then  that  they  should  work  for  the 
application  to  the  women  of  our  country  of  the  principles  at  the 
foundation  of  our  Government?  We  should  all  remember  that 
while  we  are  studying  the  history  of  the  past  we  are  making  the 
history  which  the  future  will  study  in  its  turn." 

One  letter  in  this  series  which  seems  to  merit  preservation  even 
more  than  the  others  read  in  part  as  follows : 

It  does  seem  very  strange  to  me  that  you  should  be  "more  interested  in 
peace  and  arbitration  between  nations"  than  in  the  enfranchisement  of  the 
women  of  this  so-called  republic.  It  is  so  evident  that  if  the  women  of  our 
nation  had  been  counted  among  the  constituencies  of  every  State  Legislature 
and  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  the  butchery  of  the  Spanish-Amer- 
ican War  would  never  have  been  perpetrated.  There  is  no  possible  hope  of 
justice  among  the  nations  of  the  world  while  there  is  such  gross  injustice  in- 
side of  the  highest  and  best  Government  of  them  all.  Peace  and  arbitration  are 
the  outgrowth  of  justice,  and  while  one-half  of  the  people  of  the  United  States 


I200  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.   ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

are  robbed  of  their  inherent  right  of  personal  representation  in  this  freest 
country  on  the  face  of  the  globe,  it  is  idle  for  us  to  expect  that  the  men  who 
thus  rob  women  will  not  rob  each  other  as  individuals,  corporations  and  Gov- 
ernment. The  fact  that  the  vast  majority  of  our  most  earnest  and  highly 
educated  women  are  perfectly  willing  to  occupy  themselves  by  cutting  off 
here  and  there  a  bud  or  a  twig  of  the  Upas  tree,  instead  of  uniting  in  one 
gigantic  force  and  striking  a  great  and  effective  blow  at  the  tap-root,  is  the 
reason  why  crime  of  every  kind  stalks  abroad  unblushingly  within  our  coun- 
try, and  the  reason  also  why  we  as  a  nation  are  unable  to  enforce  the  prin- 
ciples of  peace  and  arbitration. 

One  can  well  understand  why  Miss  AnthcMiy  would  write  to  a 
prominent  member  of  her  own  association  who  was  about  to  or- 
ganize a  club  ostensibly  for  the  sole  purpose  of  stud3dng  laws 
relating  to  women  but  really  to  lead  its  members  to  recognize  the 
need  for  the  franchise:  "I  hope  you  will  be  successful  in  the 
undertaking.  I  feel  most  deeply  that  it  is  the  duty  of  suffragists 
to  join  popular  clubs  of  all  sorts  and  secure  inside  of  them  the 
discussion  and  if  possible  the  adoption  of  the  demand  for  the 
ballot.  The  members  of  these  various  societies  will  not  go  to 
suffrage  meetings  to  be  converted,  but  suffragists  can  go  to  them 
in  their  own  associations  and  there  work  for  their  conversion; 
so  I  rejoice  to  see  them  in  every  organization  of  women  for  every 
purpose  under  the  sun." 

The  greetings  Miss  Anthony  always  particularly  enjoyed  were 
those  of  business  women,  as  a  vital  part  of  the  early  struggle  for 
the  rights  of  women  was  for  the  right  to  enter  the  professions 
and  all  occupations,  and  this  now  had  been  gained  forever.  To 
one  woman  she  wrote :  "I  am  happy  to  know  you  are  the  editor  of 
a  daily  paper.  It  rejoices  me  every  time  I  find  a  competent  woman 
in  a  responsible  position."  And  to  a  lawyer :  "I  am  indeed  glad 
you  feel  that  you  are  reaping  the  rewards  of  the  good  work  done 
half-a-century  ago.  No  woman  then  could  have  possibly  been 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  yet  I  think  many  of  us  feel  that  we  are 
far  from  having  accomplished  all  that  we  hoped  for  then.  All 
that  any  of  us  can  do,  however,  is  to  seize  upon  every  opportunity 
and  make  the  most  of  it,  not  only  for  our  own  personal  develop- 
ment but  for  the  good  of  the  rest  of  the  world.  I  am  very  glad 
that  you  have  financial  prospects  which  will  enable  you  in  the 


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[1900]      INTERESTING   LETTERS   FROM    MISS   ANTHONY.  I20I 

future  to  do  more  in  a  moneyed  direction.  It  is  a  great  pleasure 
to  work  for  a  good  cause,  but  a  greater  when  to  that  we  can  add 
the  help  of  our  money."  Again :  "None  of  the  greetings  received 
on  my  birthday  was  more  welcome  than  that  from  the  Govern- 
ment clerks.  The  best  compliment  you  could  pay  me  would  be  to 
organize  yourselves  into  a  political  equality  club  and  give  at  least 
one  evening  a  month  to  the  study  of  the  science  of  government. 
You  would  soon  learn  woman's  need  of  the  ballot  in  order  to  lift 
the  sex  to  the  plane  of  industrial  equality  where  no  disfranchised 
class  can  ever  stand.  Degradation  in  the  labor  market  always 
has  been,  is  today  and  ever  will  be  the  result  of  disfranchise- 
ment." 

The  home-keepers  always  were  remembered  and  appreciated 
by  Miss  Anthony.  To  one  she  wrote :  "I  was  very  glad  to  get  a 
note  from  *one  of  the  life-long  privates  in  the  war  for  equal 
rights.'  It  is  the  like  of  you  who  stand  firm  and  true  for  justice 
to  women,  that  enable  us  at  the  front  to  stand  strong  and  steady." 
And  to  another :  "It  was  very  foolish  of  you  not  to  come  to  me 
and  give  me  the  privilege  of  taking  you  by  the  hand.  It  cer- 
tainly is  a  comfort  to  me  that  so  many  of  the  best  women  through- 
out the  entire  country  have  been  'following  me  with  love  and 
faith  all  these  years.'  There  is  nothing  that  so  sustains  us  few 
who  stand  at  the  front  of  the  battle  as  the  knowledge  that  thou- 
sands of  the  home  women  sympathize  with  us  and  long  for  the 
success  of  the  cause."  To  a  New  York  State  acquaintance  of 
fifty  years,  unknown  to  the  world  at  large,  she  wrote: 

Yes,  I  always  believed  in  you  and  knew  that  3rou  believed  in  me.  I 
shall  never  forget  your  kindness  to  me  all  through  those  years  of  struggle 
and  effort  to  carry  on  The  Revolution.  Your  house  was  a  haven  of  rest,  and 
I  shall  ever  think  of  you  as  one  of  the  good  angels  who  made  it  possible  for 
me  to  go  on.  None  of  us — Mrs.  Stanton,  Lucy  Stone,  Mrs.  Rose,  myself  or 
any  other— could  ever  have  done  our  public  work  but  for  the  loving  sympathy 
of  women  in  the  homes,  like  yourself.  You  were  our  background,  our  sup- 
port; you  held  up  our  hands,  you  cheered  us  along  the  pathway. 

I  told  some  of  our  friends  the  other  day  that,  as  it  had  been  a  few  of  us 
who  stood  at  the  front  that  had  had  to  take  all  the  pelting  when  it  was  with 
moral  brickbats  and  ugly  epithets,  while  the  women  who  stayed  quietly  in 
their  homes  got  no  such  treatment,  so  now  when  the  pelting  for  those  of  us 
who  are  left  is  of  roses  and  good  words,  the  women  who  stood  behind  us 


I202  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

all  through  the  hard  times  are  getting  no  mention.  It  cannot  be  helped  and 
there  is  a  sort  of  justice  in  it,  you  see;  but  nevertheless,  without  the  sup- 
port of  those  quiet  ones  our  work  could  not  have  been  done. 

Thirty  women  joined  in  the  testimonial  from  California  and 
to  every  one  Miss  Anthony  sent  a  separate  letter.  She  wrote  to 
each  individual  woman  connected  with  the  gift  from  Utah,  and 
one  letter  will  serve  as  an  example:  "It  was  so  nice  of  you  to 
send  me  something  useful.  My  pleasure  in  the  rich  brocaded 
silk  is  quadrupled  because  it  was  made  by  women  politically  equal 
with  men.  The  fact  that  the  mulberry  trees  grew  in  Utah,  that 
the  silk  worms  made  their  cocoons  there,  that  women  reeled  and 
spun  and  colored  and  wove  the  silk  in  a  free  State,  greatly  en- 
hances its  value.  My  dressmaker  in  the  near  future  will  make  it 
into  the  most  beautiful  gown  that  your  octogenarian  friend  ever 
possessed."  And  then  came  the  inevitable:  "I  hope  very  soon 
your  Legislature  will  wipe  off  from  the  civil  code  every  vestige 
of  the  old  common  law  which  robs  the  wife  of  her  right  to  her 
person,  her  wages,  her  property,  her  children.  If  I  lived  in  any 
of  the  free  States  I  would  never  vote  for  any  man  for  office  unless 
he  were  pledged  to  revise  this  code  till  it  was  just  to  women. 
.  .  .  I  am  very  glad  if  you  have  a  good  man  to  fill  the  place 
of  Brigham  H.  Roberts.  It  was  a  shame  for  the  Democratic 
party  to  nominate  and  elect  a  man  to  Congress  who  had  used  all 
his  power  to  defeat  woman  suffrage  in  the  constitutional  conven- 
tion. If  he  had  been  entirely  free  from  polygamous  associations, 
such  a  hater  of  equality  for  woman  should  not  have  been  allowed 
to  represent  Utah.  I  hope  the  two  men  the  Republicans  have 
nominated  are  absolutely  free  from  all  theories  and  practices  that 
tend  to  degrade  women." 

Miss  Anthony  had  no  patience  with  women  who  had  obtained 
political  power  and  did  not  use  it  to  abolish  all  injustice  toward 
their  own  sex.  To  one  in  Denver  she  wrote :  "I  am  glad  you  are 
trying  to  establish  a  good  business  but  am  exceedingly  surprised 
at  what  you  say,  that,  while  women  vote,  they  cannot  hold  a  seat 
on  any  of  the  stock  boards  in  their  own  name — ^that  a  man  must 
represent  a  woman  and  apparently  own  the  seat.  With  women 
voting  and  women  sitting  as  members  of  both  Houses  of  the 


[1900]      INTERESTING  LETTERS   FROM    MISS   ANTHONY.  I2O3 

\  Legislature,  it  needs  only  a  motion  to  make  that  law  null  and 
void.  No  woman  should  growl  about  the  laws  of  the  State  when 
all  that  is  necessary  to  secure  justice  to  women  in  the  statutes  is 
to  bring  the  matter  before  the  Legislature.  There  is  nothing  that 
the  women  of  Colorado  really  want  today  that  they  cannot  get 
if  they  go  about  it  in  a  business  fashion,  and  I  look  to  you  women 
there  to  see  that  every  invidious  discrimination  shall  be  elimi- 
nated from  your  code." 

Another  letter  said :  "Is  it  not  marvelous  how  our  friends  the 
enemy  do  keep  finding  somebody  who  has  passed  over  one  little 
comer  of  Colorado  and  so  is  competent  to  give  his  wise  experi- 
ence that  woman  suffrage  is  a  failure?  I  wish  you  Denver  women 
would  write  out  every  good  happening  and  everj^hing  said  by 
any  prominent  person  in  favor  of  woman  suffrage  and  keep 
something  of  the  sort  floating  around  in  the  papers  all  the  time. 
Of  course  the  public  men  who  are  opposed  in  Colorado,  as  a  rule, 
don't  dare  to  say  it  is  a  failure,  as  this  would  lessen  even  their  mi- 
nority vote  at  the  next  election ;  for,  as  nearly  as  I  can  find  out, 
those  who  have  said  this  are  the  ones  who  have  themselves  failed 
to  get  the  majority  of  the  women's  votes." 

Then  to  a  Southern  woman  who  had  told  her  of  starting  a 
newspaper  she  wrote:  "I  am  looking  to  Mississippi  and  all  of 
the  Gulf  States  for  women  who  are  ready  and  willing  not  only 
to  study  the  history  of  the  past  but  to  make  history  in  the  direc- 
tion of  securing  political  equality.  I  wonder  if  you  are  interested 
in  the  question  of  gaining  the  full  suffrage?  I  hope  you  are,  for 
the  women  of  this  nation  can  never  make  of  themselves  a  great 
force  for  the  uplifting  of  the  world  so  long  as  they  are  contented 
to  remain  without  the  right  of  representation  in  the  government 
of  city,  State  and  nation ;  hence  it  seems  to  me  the  first  duty  of 
every  intelligent  woman  to  devote  her  best  energies  to  getting 
the  power  of  the  ballot  into  the  hands  of  all  women.  It  is  humiliat- 
ing indeed  to  be  compelled  constantly  to  see  unprincipled  men  vot- 
ing for  candidates  who  are  opposed  to  every  good  measure  in 
which  the  majority  of  women  are  interested." 

To  Mrs.  Ellen  C.  Sargent  of  San  Francisco,  she  wrote: 
"There  has  not  been  a  day  since  Mrs.  Swift  told  me  of  your  dear 


I204  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

Elizabeth's  death  that  I  have  not  thought  of  you  and  your  great 
sorrow.  I  know  you  do  not  mourn  for  her  but  for  yourself  so 
lonely  without  her  cheering  presence.  Well,  if  we  live  after  cross- 
ing what  is  called  the  river  of  death,  which  I  think  you  feel  sure 
of,  you  must  now  be  certain  that  the  spirits  of  father  and 
daughter  are  in  close  communion — ^and  yet  no  closer  than  is 
your  own  to  theirs  or  theirs  to  yours."  And  to  another  who  had 
lost  an  only  daughter :  "Your  life  is  now  indeed  very  lonely,  but 
in  thought  and  spirit  you  are  constantly  with  your  loved  ones, 
and,  if  our  hopes  in  immortality  are  to  be  realized,  they  are  with 
you  in  thought  and  sympathy.  You  must,  my  dear  friend,  lift 
yourself  out  of  this  great  bereavement,  and  there  is  no  way  given 
under  heaven  by  which  you  can  do  this  except  by  buckling  on 
your  armor  and  working  harder  than  ever  before  to  raise  women 
and,  through  them,  men  and  the  race,  to  their  highest  level  and 
best  estate." 

The  nimiber  of  these  letters  stretches  out  interminably,  and 
yet  extended  quotations  seem  justified  by  the  thought  that  they 
are  in  many  instances  far  more  than  a  friendly  missive  to  an  in- 
dividual— ^they  are  Miss  Anthony's  messages  of  hope,  encourage- 
ment and  admonition  to  all  women  of  the  present  and  future 
generations. 

To  her  old  comrade.  Dr.  Sarah  R.  DoUey,  of  Rochester,  with 
whom  she  had  many  friendly  controversies,  she  said : 

I  am  glad  to  know  that  Bishop  McQuaid  uses  his  influence  to  make  tke 
Catholic  schools  as  good  as  possible,  but  I  deprecate  more  and  more  all  sorts 
of  private  and  sectarian  schools.  A  republican  government  should  be  based 
on  free  and  equal  education  among  the  people.  While  we  have  class  and 
sectarian  schools  the  parties  supporting  them  will  not  give  their  fullest  aid 
toward  building  up  the  public  school  system.  If  all  of  the  rich  and  all  of  the 
church  people  should  send  their  children  to  the  public  schools  they  would 
feel  bound  to  concentrate  their  money  and  energies  on  improving  these 
schools  until  they  met  the  highest  ideals.  To  be  a  success  a  republic  must 
have  a  homogeneous  people,  and  to  do  this  it  must  have  homogeneous  schools. 
You  may  grow  more  and  more  in  favor  of  sectarian  schools,  as  you  say,  but 
I  grow  more  and  more  opposed  to  them." 

To  Mrs.  Hannah  J.  Solomon,  president,  and  to  the  members 
of  the  Jewish  Women's  Council,  Miss  Anthony  wrote :  "There  is 


[1900]      INTERESTING   LETTERS   FROM    MISS   ANTHONY.  I205 

no  association  in  our  National  Council  which  I  love  and  appre- 
ciate more  than  yours.  .  .  .  What  we  all  need,  and  shall  get 
through  the  Council,  is  to  know  each  other  more  fully.  .  .  . 
I  have  heard  of  the  struggle  you  liberals  had  at  Cleveland.  There 
is  the  same  contest  going  on  in  nearly  every  one  of  the  women's 
organizations,  no  matter  what  its  special  purpose.  Liberty  and 
slavery  always  will  have  a  tussle,  and  in  the  long  run  freedom 
must  come  uppermost — ^but  it  is  often  very  long  in  coming!*' 

To  a  rebellious  member  of  an  orthodox  church:  "You  are 
quite  right  in  your  attitude  against  women's  keeping  silence  in 
the  churches.  If  all  who  feel  with  you  that  they  should  be 
clothed  with  equal  power  in  the  church,  as  well  as  in  the  State, 
would  make  their  protest  and  refuse  to  get  up  fairs,  dinners  and 
'socials'  to  raise  money  to  support  men  ministers  who  oppose 
equal  rights  for  women,  the  church  would  very  soon  become  a 
great  power  on  the  right  side  instead  of  being  a  dead  weight 
against  it.  There  is  but  one  reason  why  the  church  does  not  stand 
as  a  unit  for  the  enfranchisement  of  women  and  that  is  because 
the  vast  majority  of  its  members,  who  are  women,  do  not  de- 
mand this.  So,  my  dear,  your  work  evidently  must  be  among  the 
women  of  your  own  church.  They  have  no  right  to  allow  them- 
selves to  be  without  a  voice  as  to  the  articles  of  their  creed,  the 
minister  who  shall  preach  to  them  or  any  matters  concerning 
church  government." 

One  woman  wrote  that  she  had  talked  with  Miss  Anthony 
nearly  fifty  years  before  but  that  she  had  never  been  able  to  "get 
off  the  fence"  on  the  side  of  woman  suffrage ;  she  said  they  had 
discussed  phrenology  at  that  time  and  Miss  Anthony  had  told  her 
that  "her  head  was  too  flat."  A  part  of  the  answer  to  this  letter 
read: 

I  am  very  sorry  for  you  if  in  this  almost  half-century  you  have  not  found 
a  reason  for  getting  off  the  fence.  The  reasons  that  you  give  for  balancing 
yourself  at  that  height  are  the  most  important  ones  why  women  should  vote. 
You  say,  "The  fault  of  women  is  that  they  know  too  little  of  mankind  and 
glory  in  it,  and  the  men  glory  in  keeping  them  simply  ignorant  creatures  for 
their  own  personal  benefit."  The  reason  women  do  not  know  men  better  is 
because  after  they  get  their  growth  the  sexes  are  kept  so  much  apart  in  their 


I206  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.   ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

work.   Women  will  never  understand  men,  or  men  understand  women,  until 
they  are  associated  in  all  the  weightier  matters  of  life. 

I  cannot  say  whether  a  copy  of  your  book  was  received  or  not,  for  I  have 
piles  of  books  that  I  have  not  yet  opened,  but  if,  when  I  do  come  across  it, 
I  find  you  have  proved  that  women  should  not  have  the  right  to  vote  I  will 
inform  you.  I  can  assure  you  beforehand,  however,  that  I  know  just  as  well 
now  as  I  shall  after  reading  it  that  neither  you  nor  any  other  woman  can 
prove  that  a  condition  of  dependence,  pecuniary  or  political,  can  bring  about 
the  best  development  of  any  individual  or  any  class.  Therefore  if  you  should 
hear  no  farther  from  me  you  may  conclude  that  I  considered  your  effort  a 
failure,  and  thought  that  you  needed  to  set  that  "flat  head"  of  yours  to  think- 
ing on  the  side  of  philosophy  and  facts. 

To  Dr.  Rachel  S.  Tenney,  Kansas  City : 

Dear  fellow-worker  of  '67,  how  your  name  carries  me  back  to  the  amend- 
ment campaign  of  thirty-three  years  ago!  But  for  the  disloyalty  of  the  Free 
State  leaders  the  women  of  Kansas  would  have  been  enfranchised  then,  and 
instead  of  now  being  beggars  at  the  feet  of  ignorant  voters  they  would  be 
the  peers  of  the  best  men,  and  they  would  have  been  working  for  the  whole 
of  this  last  generation  to  make  Kansas  the  banner  State  for  honesty,  temperance 
and  morality.  It  does  seem  such  a  cruel  waste  of  the  energies  of  one-half 
the  people  that  instead  of  being  allowed  to  help  make  conditions  better  they 
have  been  compelled  to  devote  their  time  and  brains  to  the  task  of  persuading 
men  to  give  them  the  power  to  work  with  I  It  was  very  brave  of  you  in  those 
early  days  to  take  the  presidency  of  a  suffrage  club.  A  great  drawback  all 
along  has  been,  and  is  today,  that  women  of  influence,  even  though  believing 
in  our  cause,  refuse  to  accept  any  place  of  responsibility  in  its  organized 
work." 

There  are  letters  of  acknowledgment  to  Miss  Anthony's  old  co- 
worker, the  Rev.  Wm.  F.  Channing;  to  Mrs.  Priscilla  Bright 
McLaren  and  other  friends  in  Europe;  to  Mrs.  Bertha  Honore 
Palmer;  to  Mrs.  Abby  Morton  Diaz;  to  Mrs.  Fanny  Garrison 
Villard,  saying,  "I  loved  you  when  a  little  girl  and  I  love  you 
none  the  less  now ;"  to  "Grace  Greenwood,''  "It  was  good  for  the 
audience  to  look  you  in  the  face  and  hear  your  voice  that  evening. 
Would  that  there  had  been  time  enough  for  you  to  have  had 
more!"  There  was  a  letter  to  President  David  Starr  Jordan,  of 
Leland  Stanford  University,  and  one  to  Mrs.  Jane  L.  Stanford 
which  said : 

I  wrote  you  a  line  and  could  hardly  keep  from  rushing  over  to  the  hotel  the 
moment  I  saw  the  notice  in  the  paper  that  you  were  there.    I  was  very 


[1900]      INTERESTING   LETTERS   FROM    MISS   ANTHONY.  120/ 

anxious  to  meet  you  and  talk  over  matters  relating  to  women,  not  only  in  the 
world  of  education  but  of  work  also.    .    .    . 

I  trust  your  university  is  prospering  even  beyond  your  highest  expectation. 
I  have  seen  items  lately  that  you  have  put  out  of  your  hands  the  control  of 
nearly  your  entire  estate.  I  hope  that  this  is  not  true,  for  your  power  over 
the  university  and  over  various  incorporated  associations  in  which  you  are 
stockholder  depends  very  largely  on  your  holding  the  helm  tightly  in  your 
own  right  hand.  Nearly  all  women  and  very  many  men  make  the  mistake  of 
ceding  or  deeding  away  control  of  their  property  during  their  lifetime.  You 
will  remember  how  happy  it  made  me  when  you  told  me  about  exhibiting  the 
contents  of  the  box  of  bonds  and  securities  to  the  university  trustees,  then 
putting  them  back,  locking  the  box  and  saying,  "No  one  but  myself  will 
clip  these  coupons  as  long  as  I  have  the  ability  to  do  it." 

You  will  pardon  me  for  this  unasked  advice;  but,  as  you  know,  I  feel  this 
strong  interest  in  your  management  of  your  millions  because  the  world  will 
credit  the  whole  sex  with  your  success  or  charge  it  with  your  failure.  Thus 
far  it  seems  to  me  that  no  man  could  have  conducted  his  business  with 
better  judgment  than  you  have  yours  ever  since  your  dear  husband  left  you 
all  of  his  great  responsibilities,  so  remembering  all  your  good  words  and 
works,  I  am  very  lovingly  and  trustingly  yours. 

To  Mrs.  Caroline  M.  Severance,  Los  Angeles :  "Among  all  the 
delightful  letters  that  have  come  to  me  none  is  more  acceptable 
than  this  sweet  one  of  yours.  I  see  by  the  papers  that  you,  too, 
were  passing  over  your  fourth-score  into  the  fifth.  I  had  for- 
gotten we  were  so  nearly  of  an  age.  Well,  my  dear,  it  is  a  great 
and  heroic  work  you  have  done  through  all  these  more  than  fifty 
years  since  the  day  you  started  out  in  Ohio.  I  can  never  forget 
that  beautiful  home  of  yours  on  Euclid  Avenue,  where  so  many 
of  our  pioneer  friends  used  to  meet — Frances  Dana  Gage,  Mrs. 
Rose,  Antoinette  Brown,  Lucy  Stone,  Abby  Kelly — s,  modest 
host,  to  be  sure,  but  as  grand  women  as  any  who  have  come  to 
the  front  in  these  later  days.  Isn't  it  strange  that  the  young  edi- 
tors and  orators  cannot  get  rid  of  the  idea  that  our  pioneer 
women  were  coarse,  masculine,  badly-dressed  and  ill-mannered? 
I  wish  we  had  some  kind  of  flying  machine  or,  better  still,  some 
telegraphic  conveyance,  to  carry  me  to  your  lovely  cottage  this 
spring  morning  where  we  could  chat  over  all  the  old  friends  of 
those  days  and  the  new  ones  of  these.'* 

r     There  is  a  delicious  tone  in  this  letter  to  that  persistent  foe  of 
woman  suffrage,  Edward  Rosewater,  editor  of  the  Omaha  Bee: 

"It  was  indeed  kind  of  you  to  send  your  congratulations  to  me  on 
Ant.  Ill— 7 


I208  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

my  eightieth  birthday,  and  then  in  addition  to  pray  that  my  life 
might  be  prolonged,  when  you  feel  from  the  bottom  of  your  heart 
that  if  the  end  to  which  I  have  devoted  that  life  were  attained 
j  the  result  would  be  not  good  but  very  bad  for  the  world.  I  never 
'  could  quite  understand  how  anyone  could  love  and  respect  me 
while  thinking  that  what  I  was  working  for  was  absolutely 
wrong.  Nevertheless,  Mr.  Rosewater,  if  you  cannot  believe  in 
the  application  to  women  of  the  underlying  principles  of  our  gov- 
ernment, I  shall  have  to  be  grateful  that  you  do  believe  in  me." 

Miss  Anthony  was  intensely  in  earnest  but  occasionally  a 
lighter  vein  crept  into  her  letters,  as  when  she  wrote  to  one  el- 
derly lady:  "Your  mention  of  knitting  while  waiting  for  your 
train  carries  me  back  to  the  old  days  when  I  always  had  my 
knitting  work  in  my  travelling  bag  and  improved  every  moment, 
but  now  neither  at  home  nor  abroad  do  I  feel  it  absolutely  neces- 
sary to  keep  my  hands  busy  every  instant."  But  to  another  who 
sent  her  a  gold  thimble  she  wrote:  "It  is  very  pretty  but  a 
thimble,  however  fine,  is  of  but  little  use  to  one  who  holds  a  pen 
every  waking  minute  when  at  home.'*  And  when  a  gold  pen  came 
she  said  in  her  answering  note :  "I  am  ever  and  ever  so  thank- 
ful, but  I  have  never  learned  to  write  with  anything  but  a  steel 
pen  in  a  big  cork  handle  that  I  can  get  a  good  grasp  on,  and  by 
this  letter  you  will  see  that  I  may  soon  forget  to  use  that,  so 
rapidly  are  stenographer  and  t3rpewriter  putting  the  pen  into 
disuse." 

One  can  see  the  smile  on  Miss  Anthony's  face  as  she  wrote 
to  a  friend  as  old  as  herself:  "I  hope  you  had  a  good  time  in 
Washington.  I  especially  noticed  that  you  and  brother  John 
Hutchinson  were  flirting  togethet  the  evening  we  were  all  in  the 
Corcoran  Gallery.  I  kept  my  eye  on  you  although  I  was  obliged 
to  stay  in  my  place  in  the  big  chair  on  that  elevated  platform." 
\  As  a  rule,  however.  Miss  Anthony  looked  at  life  seriously,  and 
even  in  the  writing  of  these  birthday  letters  she  seized  upon  every 
Opportunity  they  offered  to  further  that  cause  which  never  was 
)  absent  from  her  thoughts  and  which  literally  absorbed  her  whole 
being.  Always  the  one  point  on  which  her  desires  and  hopes  cen- 
tered was  Congress — ^the  submission  of  a  resolution  by  that  body 


[1900]      INTERESTING   LETTERS   FROM    MISS   ANTHONY.  I2O9 

{  for  an  amendment  to  the  National  Constitution.  And  so  in  writ- 
ing to  Mrs.  William  E.  Chandler  she  said : 

In  going  through  my  birthday  letters  and  cards,  I  find  yours.  ...  I 
want  to  ask  you  to  inquire  of  your  good  husband  if  he  does  not  think  the  time 
has  come  when  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  should  take  a  vote  to  show 
themselves  and  the  world  where  they  stand  on  the  question  of  woman  suffrage. 
For  thirty  years  a  large  number  of  educated  and  respectable  women  have  been 
importuning  Congress  to  give  to  the  State  Legislatures  a  deciding  voice  as  to 
whether  the  women  of  the  nation  shall  be  longer  denied  the  exercise  of  "the 
citizen's  right  to  vote."  Remind  your  Senator,  will  you  not,  that  because  of 
the  refusal  of  Congress  to  lift  the  arbitrament  of  this  question  from  populace 
to  representatives,  women  who  love  their  homes  as  dearly  as  any  women  in 
the  world  have  been  compelled  to  leave  them  to  canvass  their  States  with 
petitions,  hold  meetings,  circulate  literature  and  raise  money  during  the  whole 
last  half  of  this  nineteenth  century.   .   .   . 

I  know,  my  dear  Mrs.  Chandler,  you  feel  with  me  that  it  is  a  great  outrage 
to  compel  women  thus  to  work  and  beg  for  the  privilege  of  getting  their 
rightful  inheritance,  while  those  in  power  thrust  the  ballot  into  the  hands  of 
foreign  men  almost  the  moment  they  step  foot  on  our  shores,  and  are  now 
agonizing  over  the  terrible  wrong  of  governing  Aguinaldo  and  the  semi- 
barbaric  men  of  the  new  island  possessions  without  their  consent !  Why  is  it 
that  the  right  to  vote  is  held  so  sacred  for  ignorant  men  of  all  colors  and 
nationalities,  and  of  no  value  to  intelligent,  native-bom  women?  I  beg  you 
to  tell  me  what  we  can  do  to  make  our  representatives  in  Congress  see  that 
woman's  right  to  self  government  is  just  as  sacred  as  is  man's. 

When  Miss  Anthony  began  the  stupendous  task  of  acknowl- 
edging all  these  birthday  remembrances  she  wrote  of  it  to  friends : 
"As  General  Grant  said  before  Vicksburg,  *It  is  a  big  job,  but 
I'll  do  it  if  it  takes  all  summer.' "  It  consumed  the  whole  of  the 
spring  but  when  she  had  finished  she  wrote  again:  "It  did 
prove  a  huge  undertaking  but  it  was  an  agreeable  one,  never- 
theless, to  read  and  answer  all  those  letters  and  acknowledge 
the  beautiful  presents.  There  was  an  immense  amount  of  pleas- 
ure in  it  because  it  brought  me  into  touch  with  so  many  dear 
friends  who  are  doing  their  best  to  help  the  cause  I  love  above 
all  else.  There  is  an  old  saying  that  one  never  knows  how  many 
friends  he  has  until  he  is  dead,  but  I  think  my  eightieth  birth- 
day must  have  discovered  all  I  have  on  the  entire  face  of  the 
globe." 


CHAPTER  LVIII. 

THE   OPENING   OF   ROCHESTER    UNIVERSITY   TO    WOMEN. 

1900. 

'HILE  writing  the  birthday  letters  Miss  Anthony 
did  not  neglect  the  work  of  the  National  Associa- 
tion. In  a  letter  to  the  present  writer  dated  March 
1  26  she  said :  "During  the  last  fourteen  days  I  have 
got  off  one  hundred  letters  to  Members  of  Con- 
gress in  regard  to  our  petitions.  Then  on  Sundays,  when  of 
course  I  can't  ask  the  stenographers  to  work,  I  have  signed  over 
fifty  Life  Membership  certificates.  I  have  secured  these  with  the 
cash  put  into  the  treasury,  and  I  have  twenty-five  more  promised. 
I  hope  before  this  last  year  of  the  nineteenth  century  closes  I 
shall  be  able  to  report  at  least  a  hundred  new  memberships.  To- 
morrow I  shall  begin  writing  personal  letters  to  every  one  who 
has  put  in  her  $50.*  I  will  be  mighty  glad  when  you  get  here  so 
that  we  can  talk  over  and  work  over  the  letters  and  resolutions 
which  must  be  sent  to  all  the  political  conventions  this  summer. 
O,  but  there  is  a  lot  waiting  to  be  done !" 

The  largest  task  which  awaited  was  the  writing  of  the  fourth 
volume  of  the  History  of  Woman  Suffrage.  Readers  of  the 
events  of  the  early  years  are  familiar  with  the  story  of  how  the 
first  three  volumes  were  prepared  by  Mrs.  Stanton,  Miss  An- 
thony and  Mrs.  Matilda  Joslyn  Gage.^  From  the  time  the  last 
one  was  published  in  1885,  Miss  Anthony  never  had  wavered  in 
her  intention  to  have  another  if  she  should  live  tmtil  the  time  for 

^  Miss  Anthony  was  able  to  obtain  the  one  hundred  life  Memberships.  It  is  believed 
that  over  half  of  the  more  than  three  hundred  life  members  of  the  association  were  se- 
cured by  her.  She  herself  paid  the  fee  of  $50  for  a  large  number  of  those  who  she  felt 
ought  to  be  placed  on  this  roll  of  honor. 

*  Volume  II,  page  612  and  others. 

(12IO) 


[1900]    OPENING  OF  ROCHESTER  UNIVERSITY  TO  WOMEN.  I2II 

it,  which  she  fully  expected  to  do.  She  did  not  know  who  would 
write  it  or  where  she  would  get  the  money  for  it  but  she  was 
absolutely  certain  that  the  book  would  be  written  and  published 
The  others  closed  the  record  with  1883,  and  she  began  from 
that  date  to  save  material  for  Volume  IV.  As  the  century  was 
drawing  near  its  close,  and  she  knew  that  by  the  law  of  nature 
this  must  be  true  also  of  her  own  life,  she  grew  more  and  more 
anxious  that  the  work  should  begin.  She  realized  its  magnitude, 
for  the  others  required  the  labor  of  a  large  part  of  ten  years, 
and  she  felt  quite  certain  that  this  volume  would  depend  as  much 
on  her  initiative  and  determination  as  the  other  three  had  done. 
In  her  letters  at  this  time  she  wrote:  "I  am  bound  to  see  this 
History  truthfully  and  properly  written  to  the  end  of  the  cen- 
tury and  the  close  of  my  official  management  of  the  National 
Association.  When  it  comes  to  the  making  and  writing  of  his- 
tory after  the  year  1900  I  shall  leave  all  to  the  women  of  the 
present  generation." 

/  Through  all  the  preparation  of  the  Biography  Miss  Anthony's 
/mind  was  on  the  History — ^nothing  must  be  destroyed  that  might 
be  needed  for  it;  matters  strictly  personal  to  herself  must  be 
separated  from  those  of  a  wider  scope ;  repetition  must  be  avoided 
as  far  as  possible — ^it  was  a  subject  of  constant  thought.  The 
writer  trusts  she  will  be  pardoned  for  obtruding  her  own  per- 
sonality here — it  seems  necessary  to  illustrate  a  strong  phase  of 
Miss  Anthony's  character.  As  the  Biography  neared  completion 
and  her  references  to  the  History  grew  more  frequent  I  was  over- 
whelmed with  the  consciousness  that  within  the  innermost  re- 
cesses of  her  being  was  the  intention  that  I  should  undertalce 
this  stupendous  task.  The  very  idea  of  it  paralyzed  my  faculties; 
I  was  almost  sick  with  apprehension,  and  yet  she  never  had  ut- 
tered one  word  on  which  to  base  my  fears.  Often  I  would  say 
to  her:  "I  am  placing  carefully  on  these  shelves  the  material 
which  will  be  needed  by  someone  in  writing  the  History ;"  or,  "I 
am  filing  the  papers  that  whoever  writes  the  History  will  want  to 
refer  to ;"  and  she  would  answer  in  a  matter-of-fact  way,  "Well, 
just  make  a  memorandum  of  it.'*  But  all  the  time  I  grew  more 
unhappy  for  not  only  did  I  feel  absolutely  sure  that  Miss  An- 


12 1 2  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.   ANTHONY,  [iQOOj 

thony  would  find  a  way  to  have  me  do  this  work,  but  my  con- 
science was  reinforcing  her  position  with  arguments  which  I 
could  meet  only  with  the  most  fallacious  sophistry.  Nevertheless 
I  defied  conscience  and  duty,  devotion  to  the  "cause,''  love  for 
Miss  Anthony,  every  good  attribute  that  I  ought  to  possess. 
When  I  went  to  bed  at  night  I  said,  "I  will  not!"  When  I  got  up 
in  the  morning  I  repeated,  "I  will  not!!"  And  all  through  the 
day  I  sat  in  my  attic  workroom  and  croaked  to  myself,  "Never- 
more." 

Finally  I  decided  to  put  an  end  to  my  misery  and  so  one  day 
I  burst  forth :  "Now,  Miss  Anthony,  of  course  you  are  not  think- 
ing of  having  me  undertake  that  History.  To  be  shut  away  from 
the  world  and  to  pore  over  these  faded  letters  and  old  documents 
and  dig  for  dates  and  verify  statements  and  write  for  facts  to 
people  who  never  answer  and  struggle  to  tell  the  truth  and  not 
offend  anybody — surely  a  year-and-a-half  of  such  a  strain  is  all 
that  ought  to  be  asked  of  one  woman!"  When  I  stopped  for 
breath  she  said  calmly,  "You  realize  the  importance  of  having  the 
History  written,  don't  you?"  "O,  yes."  "Then  since  you  can't 
or  won't  write  it,  you  will  surely  suggest  the  proper  person  to  do 
it."  I  named  an  excellent  writer.  "She  could  not  leave  her  fam- 
ily to  come  here  and  do  this  work."  I  mentioned  another.  "She 
has  a  profession  which  she  could  not  give  up  for  a  year  or  two." 
I  offered  still  another  name.  "A  brilliant  writer  but  in  no  sense 
a  historian."  "The  country  is  full  of  competent  women,"  I  cried. 
"Very  well ;  you  know  the  writers  better  than  I  do.  There  is  no 
hurry  about  this;  think  up  a  suitable  person  and  I'll  arrange  it 
with  her." 

The  matter  never  was  referred  to  again.  The  Biography  came 
out  for  the  Holidays  of  1898.  I  spent  the  winter  in  Washington 
as  usual  and  did  not  see  Miss  Anthony.  In  the  spring  all  of  us 
went  to  England,  for  the  International  Council,  but,  although  I 
was  with  her  much  of  the  time,  she  never  mentioned  the  History. 
I  did  not  return  till  December  and  the  latter  part  of  this  month 
was  sent  by  McClure's  to  Rochester,  as  mentioned  in  a  preceding 
chapter.  The  last  night  of  my  stay,  just  as  I  was  going  to  bed, 
Miss  Anthony  came  into  my  room  and  without  any  preliminaries 


[1900]    OPENING  OF  ROCHESTER  UNIVERSITY  TO  WOMEN.  12 1 3 

said :  "When  will  you  be  ready  to  come  here  and  begin  work  on 
the  History?"  I  dropped  into  a  chair,  simply  collapsed.  After  I 
had  made  all  my  feeble  objections,  which  she  brushed  away  as  so 
much  chaff,  I  at  last  finished  by  saying,  "If  you  will  only  let  me 
off  irom  this  work  1*11  come  back  here  and  get  everything  ready 
and  plan  it  all  and  put  things  in  such  shape  that  anybody  can  do 
it."  Rising  and  throwing  back  her  head,  just  as  she  used  to 
when  about  to  make  a  big  speech,  she  said,  "Think  this  over  till 
morning,  and  if  you  decide  that  you  will  not  undertake  it  FU 
bum  up  the  material  and  that  will  be  the  end."  Then  her  voice 
broke  and  her  eyes  filled  with  tears.  "I'll  do  it.  Miss  Anthony, 
ril  do  it,"  I  cried,  and  putting  my  arms  around  her  neck  I 
kissed  her  to  seal  the  promise. 

The  next  morning  we  agreed  that  after  the  convention  and 
the  birthday  festivities  in  Washington  were  over,  I  would  return 
and  Miss  Anthony  would  put  all  else  aside,  so  that  we  could 
give  every  hour  of  time  to  the  History.  I  was  only  to  stay  until 
the  MS.  was  ready  for  the  publishers  and  was  to  be  released 
from  proof-reading,  index-making  and  other  wearisome  details 
which  are  a  part  of  bookmaking. 

I  came  to  begin  this  work  April  21,  1900,  but  alas,  I  could  not 
leave  until  December  24,  1902,  when  the  History  was  finished 
to  the  last  particular.  There  has  not  been  a  day  since  then  that 
I  have  not  been  thankful  to  Miss  Anthony  for  compelling  me 
to  do  my  duty.  And  so  in  all  parts  of  the  country  are  women 
who  can  make  a  similar  assertion.  Not  only  did  she  labor  with- 
out ceasing  herself  but  she  constantly  stimulated  others  to  work, 
sometimes  by  word,  always  by  example.  Thousands  of  women 
have  said  or  written  to  her,  "I  was  tired,  discouraged,  wanted  to 
quit — ^but  I  thought  of  you,  of  what  you  had  borne  and  how  you 
had  toiled  for  us,  and  I  couldn't  stop,  I  will  always  keep  on."  For 
all  time  the  memory  of  Miss  Anthony  will  be  an  inspiration  for 
women  to  strive,  to  persevere,  to  hope,  to  conquer. 

Before  work  on  the  History  was  commenced  in  earnest  some 
time  was  spent  putting  into  shape  a  Memorial  to  be  presented  by 
the  National  Suffrage  Association  to  each  of  the  presidential  nom- 
inating conventions  during  the  summer,  and  different  forms  of 


I2I4  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.   ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

letters  to  be  sent  from  the  headquarters  in  New  York  to  all  of  the 
delegates  of  the  different  parties,  4,000  altogether.^ 

Miss  Anthony  always  opposed  women's  forming  organizations 
to  work  for  parties  and  during  this  summer  she  expressed  her 
reasons  in  a  published  article  as  follows : 

There  is  no  point  which  ought  to  be  so  strongly  emphasized,  no  fact  which 
so  needs  to  be  impressed  upon  those  women  who  are  now  organizing  to  work 
for  the  different  political  parties,  as  that  of  their  utter  powcrlessness  to  help  or 
to  hinder.  Senator  James  H.  Lane,  of  Kansas,  always  used  to  say  to  those  who 
came  begging  him  to  assist  their  pet  measures,  ''Well,  what  do  you  propose  to 
do  for  me  in  return?"  This  was  a  brutally  blunt  way  of  putting  into  words 
what  every  politician  sa3rs  in  effect  when  he  ignores  the  prayers  and  petitions 
of  women.  It  is  the  philosophical  and  inevitable  consequence  of  our  demo- 
cratic-republican form  of  government,  in  which  position  and  power  are  con- 
ferred by  the  electors.  Those  who  desire  promotion  must  establish  themselves 
in  the  favor  of  those  who  can  grant  it,  and  there  is  nothing  to  be  gained  by 
catering  to  any  other  class. 

This  may  be  placing  government  on  a  low  plane.  It  is  altruism  with  a  limit ; 
a  desire  to  help  others  in  the  proportion  that  others  help  us.  It  is  the  Golden 
Rule  read  backwards — ^have  others  do  unto  you  in  the  precise  ratio  that 
you  do  unto  them.  Such  is  the  present  status — ^not  the  fault  of  the  individual, 
but  the  result  of  the  system.  The  electorate  governs.  It  gives  and  it  takes 
away.  All  outside  of  this  body  are  without  power  to  do  either. 

This  is  the  position  of  women.  Their  interest  in  political  issues,  their 
ability  to  comprehend  them,  their  desire  to  influence  them,  cannot  be  ques- 
tioned. All  of  these  become  more  evident  with  each  national  campaign.  By 
the  6th  of  next  November  there  will  be  scarcely  a  woman  in  the  United  States 
so  devoid  of  patriotism  as  not  to  wish  to  cast  her  vote  for  one  or  the  other  of 
the  presidential  candidates.  It  is  because  women  long  to  assist  the  party 
which  represents  their  ideas  on  public  questions,  that  they  form  their  political 
organizations,  open  their  headquarters,  fly  their  banners,  wear  their  badges, 
send  out  their  literature,  make  speeches  and  march  in  processions.  The  party 
leaders  welcome  all  the  gfrist  which  comes  to  their  mill;  they  do  not  reject 
any  fuel  which  makes  steam;  they  accept  every  element  which  increases  the 
enthusiasm  and  they  honestly  desire  the  sympathy  and  co-operation  of  women. 

In  politics,  however,  neither  the  labors  nor  the  opinions  of  women  have  any 
appreciable  influence  unless  enforced  by  the  ballot.  There  are  object  lessons 
without  number  to  prove  this  assertion.  The  old  Abolitionists  were  per- 
fectly willing  to  have  women  share  their  obloquy  and  ostracism,  but  when 
they  became  a  strong  political  party  they  refused  to  divide  their  power  with 
women.  The  Prohibition  party  was  feeble  and  ineffectual  until  reinforced  by 

^  For  full  text  of  Memorial  and  letters  see  History  of  Woman  Suffrage,  Volume  IV, 
Chapter  XXIII.  This  chapter  contains  a  complete  r^ume  of  the  work  done  for  woman 
suffrage  in  political  conventions  and  the  treatment  of  this  question  by  those  of  the  van- 
ous  parties. 


[iQOO]    OPENING  OF  ROCHESTER  UNIVERSITY  TO  WOMEN.  121$ 

the  eloquence,  enthusiasm  and  organized  efforts  of  the  Women's  Christian 
Temperance  Union;  but  immediately  after  casting  its  largest  vote,  in  the 
hope  of  increasing  its  strength,  the  woman  suffrage  plank  was  dropped  from 
the  platform.  The  Populist  party,  largely  made  up  in  the  beginning  of  Farm- 
ers* Alliances  and  Granges,  which  always  have  advocated  equality  of  rights 
for  women,  stood  at  first  on  this  principle,  but  the  moment  a  fusion  with  the 
Democrats  gave  promise  of  victory  the  women  were  thrown  overboard. 

For  a  number  of  years  women  have  had  a  National  Republican  Association, 
with  auxiliaries  in  many  States,  working  with  might  and  main  for  the  suc- 
cess of  that  party.  Yet,  notwithstanding  all  this,  they  never  have  been  able 
to  secure  the  slightest  recognition  of  their  political  rights  in  the  national 
platform  of  this  party,  and  the  first  act  of  the  present  executive  committee, 
has  been  to  abolish  the  Woman's  Bureau  for  the  campaign  of  igco. 

In  consideration  of  these  indisputable  facts  would  it  not  show  more  wisdom, 
common  sense  and  self-respect  in  women  to  organize  and  work  to  make  them- 
selves a  part  of  the  electorate  before  they  labor  in  behalf  of  any  political 
party?  In  allying  themselves  with  the  gold-basis  element,  for  instance,  they 
antagonize  every  man  who  believes  in  free  coinage.  In  joining  the  forces  of 
"i6  to  i"  they  array  in  opposition  all  the  men  who  advocate  a  gold  standard. 
In  taking  sides  for  or  against  expansion  of  territory  they  arouse  the  animosity 
of  all  who  hold  the  opposite  view.  In  espousing  the  cause  of  Prohibition  they 
repel  not  only  the  liquor  dealers  and  the  intemperate  but  also  the  believers  in 
license  and  moderate  drinking.  No  one  party  or  one  class  of  men  will  ever  en- 
franchise women ;  but  it  will  have  to  be  done  by  a  combination  of  the  friends 
in  all  parties  and  all  classes. 

An  entry  in  the  diary  April  29  said :  "Took  Mrs.  May  Wright 
Sewall  to  the  Lehigh  Valley  Station  this  morning  and  decided 
to  ride  to  the  Junction  with  her.  Returned  in  time  for  church. 
Mr.  Gannett  preached  on  "Material  reasons  for  rejoicing  in  be- 
ing a  Unitarian" — said  he  was  thankful  for  having  been  bom 
one.  So  am  I  thankful  for  having  been  born  a  Friend — a  Quaker. 
To  be  born  into  a  free  religious  world  is  a  blessing  indeed.*' 

On  Tuesday  Miss  Anthony  spoke  for  the  Jewish  Club  at  their 
Home  for  Young  Boys,  and  then  to  the  Cooking  Class  for  Girls 
of  the  Public  Schools,  and  expressed  the  greatest  enjoyment  in 
both.  She  never  lost  her  interest  in  young  people  but  always 
entered  into  the  spirit  of  their  work  and  ambitions  and  showed  a 
keen  understanding  of  and  a  sympathy  with  youthful  trials  and 
disappointments,  which  are  not  always  remembered  by  those  who 
have  left  them  far  behind.  She  had  the  maternal  instinct  to  a 
much  higher  degree  than  many  a  woman  who  has  literally  known 
motherhood.    Indeed  it  may  be  said  that  in  her  feelings  Miss 


I2l6  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

Anthony  stood  in  the  relation  of  a  mother  to  all  young  people — 
especially  to  all  girls — ^with  whom  she  was  for  any  length  of 
time  associated,  and  they  very  soon  learned  to  reciprocate  her 
affection  and  regard  her  with  love  and  reverence. 

Miss  Anthony  went  to  Syracuse  on  May  i6  to  assist  at  the 
funeral  services  of  Mr.  C.  D.  B.  Mills,  who  had  been  her  faith- 
ful and  valued  friend  since  the  days  before  the  Civil  War  when 
they  faced  the  angry  mobs  while  pleading  the  cause  of  the  slave. 

The  2Sth  of  May  saw  Miss  Anthony  on  the  way  to  Boston  in 
response  to  an  urgent  invitation  to  attend  the  New  England  an- 
nual suffrage  convention  in  Park  Street  Church  and  the  evening 
Festival  in  Faneuil  Hall.  Her  lieutenants,  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard 
Shaw  and  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt,  and  her  much  admired  friend, 
Mrs.  Anna  Garlin  Spencer,  were  added  to  the  Boston  speakers, 
and,  as  she  expressed  it,  "It  was  a  regular  old-time,  wide-awake 
suffrage  meeting."  On  this  occasion  a  young  woman  in  her  ad- 
dress declared  with  pride  that  now  so  many  young  and  educated 
college  women  were  coming  into  the  movement  for  suffrage,  its 
success  was  assured,  because  their  methods  were  so  different  from 
the  crude  and  less  cultured  efforts  of  the  first  champions.  This 
assertion  roused  Miss  Anthony's  loyal  spirit  and  in  her  own 
speech  she  recalled  the  names  of  the  splendid  galaxy  who  first 
spoke  and  worked  for  the  freedom  of  women.  As  she  repeated 
one  name  after  another — Florence  Nightingale,  Harriet  Mar- 
tineau,  Margaret  Fuller,  Lydia  Maria  Child,  Abby  Kelly,  the 
Grimke  sisters,  Lucretia  Mott,  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  Lucy 
Stone,  Ernestine  L.  Rose,  Madame  Anneke,  Maria  Mitchell, 
Julia  Ward  Howe,  Mary  A.  Livermore,  Antoinette  Brown  Black- 
well,  Matilda  Josl)m  Gage  and  a  score  of  other  noted  orators, 
scholars  and  philanthropists — ^such  a  galaxy  as  had  never  been 
seen  in  any  other  reform  throughout  the  ages — ^peal  after  peal 
of  applause  echoed  throughout  the  old  hall,  which  in  all  its  his- 
tory had  never  witnessed  a  more  soul-stirring  scene. 

Miss  Anthony  was  entertained  by  Henry  B.  and  Alice  Stone 
Blackwell  in  the  home  of  Lucy  Stone  in  Dorchester.  She  at- 
tended the  banquet  given  by  the  New  England  Woman's  Club  at 
Hotel  Vendome  in  honor  of  Julia  Ward  Howe;  a  dinner  at  the 


[1900]    OPENING  OF  ROCHESTER  UNIVERSITY  TO  WOMEN.  121/ 

home  of  William  Lloyd  and  Ellen  Wright  Garrison,  in  Brook- 
line,  where  William  and  Helen  Bright  Clark,  of  England,  were 
guests ;  all  of  them  had  afternoon  tea  on  Sunday  at  West  Med- 
ford  with  Mrs.  Anna  Davis  Hallowell,  grand-daughter  of  Lu- 
cretia  Mott,  and  every  hour  of  her  visit  was  filled  with  pleasure. 
After  it  was  over  she  gladly  fulfilled  the  long-cherished  wish  of 
Miss  Shaw  that  she  should  visit  her  summer  home,  the  Haven, 
at  Wianno,  In  this  delightful  cottage  she  spent  a  happy  week, 
sitting  on  the  veranda  and  listening  to  the  murmur  of  the  pine 
trees;  walking  on  the  shore  of  the  ocean  with  Miss  Shaw  and 
her  own  beloved  niece,  Lucy  Anthony,  or  driving  with  them 
along  the  picturesque  roads  of  Cape  Cod.  They  begged  her  to 
prolong  the  visit  but  she  declined,  saying,  "The  thought  of  that 
History  hangs  over  me  like  a  pall  and  I  shall  have  no  rest  or  peace 
of  mind  till  it  is  finished." 

Miss  Anthony  had  been  home  but  a  few  days  when  at  three 
o'clock  on  the  morning  of  June  7  she  received  a  telegram  stating 
that  her  brother  Merritt  had  died  suddenly  the  evening  before.  It 
was  a  great  shock  for  he  was  but  sixty-six  years  old  and  appar- 
ently in  perfect  health.  The  weather  was  exceedingly  hot,  and, 
fearing  the  effect  of  a  long  journey,  her  brother  D.  R.  telegraphed 
her  several  times  not  to  come,  as  everything  would  be  properly 
attended  to.  Nothing  could  detain  her,  however,  and  she  started 
on  the  two  days'  trip  to  Kansas  by  the  first  train.  It  was  too  late 
for  her  to  reach  her  brother's  home  in  Ft.  Scott  before  the  fam- 
ily left  for  Leavenworth  where  the  interment  was  to  be  made,  so 
she  went  direct  to  the  latter  place.  The  funeral  party  arrived  at 
beautiful  Mt.  Muncie  cemetery  at  sunset  on  Sunday  evening,  and 
as  the  last  simple  rites  were  ended  the  moon  shone  upon  the 
newly-made  grave,  a  peaceful  and  solemn  scene. 

Capt.  Jacob  Merritt  Anthony,  youngest  of  the  six  children,  was 
bom  in  Battenville,  N.  Y.,  and  went  to  Osawatomie  in  1856, 
when  he  was  just  twenty-two  years  old.  He  was  with  John 
Brown  through  the  "border  ruffian"  days  and  was  one  of  the  first 
to  enlist  for  the  Civil  War,  where  he  served  bravely  from  1861 
to  its  close  in  1865.  He  was  a  member  of  Wm.  H.  Lytle  Post, 
G.  A.  R.    In  the  funeral  sermon  his  old  pastor,  the  Rev.  C.  W. 


I2l8  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [l900] 

Porter,  of  Ft.  Scott,  eloquently  described  his  love  of  liberty  and 
devotion  to  country,  and  said:  "For  twenty-five  years  I  have 
known  him  as  the  friend  of  reform,  the  faithful  law-abiding 
citizen,  ready  to  labor  and  to  give  of  his  means  for  any  cause  that 
promised  help  to  his  fellow  man." 

It  seemed  impossible  for  Miss  Anthony  to  meet  this  sorrow 
with  her  usual  fortitude  and  philosophy.  There  had  been  no 
illness  to  prepare  her  for  the  shock,  she  had  fully  expected  her 
brother  to  survive  her,  and  her  devotion  to  her  family  was  so  in- 
tense she  could  hardly  endure  the  severing  of  the  bonds  which 
united  the  only  remaining  four  of  them.  She  wept  for  days 
almost  without  ceasing.  The  journal  said,  "I  have  shed  more 
tears  than  in  years  and  years  before.  I  thought  I  was  done  with 
them.'*  She  went  to  Ft.  Scott — "For  the  first  time  no  brother 
Merritt  to  meet  me !" — and  then  to  the  house — ^*'Merritt's  home 
and  his  visible  presence  gone  out  from  it  forever !"  Then  back 
again  to  Leavenworth  she  journeyed  to  look  upon  his  grave  once 
more.  "I  have  had  a  restful  drive,"  she  wrote;  "I  have  eaten 
breakfast  and  dinner  and  supper  as  of  old,  but  my  thought  is  ever 
upon  mother's  darling  boy  never  more  to  be  seen  by  us.  I  have 
been  out  to  see  the  mound  that  covers  his  dear  form — all  so  peace- 
ful after  his  long  unrest — ^but  oh,  the  longing  to  look  upon  his 
face  again,  to  hear  his  voice  once  more — ^and  yet  there  we  must 
leave  him — it  is  all  over !" 

Many  entries  in  the  little  diary  ended  with  the  agonized  ques- 
tions— asked  since  the  beginning  of  human  life — "Has  he  joined 
dear  father  and  mother,  and  do  they  all  wait  the  coming  of  those 
left  behind?"  "Whither  has  his  immortal  part  gone?  Is  it  far 
away,  or  still  here  with  our  immortal  part  and  we  not  capable  of 
knowing  its  presence?"  There  cannot  be  the  slightest  doubt  of 
Miss  Anthony's  passionate  desire  for  an  immortal  life,  of  the  in- 
tensity with  which  she  clung  to  the  hope  that  it  might  be  realized. 
In  her  journal  at  the  time  of  this  deep  grief  she  pinned  the  fol- 
lowing quotation  from  the  great  Unitarian  scholar,  James  Mar- 
tineau,  which  she  said  expressed  perfectly  her  own  thought : 

I  do  not  know  that  there  is  anything  in  nature,  (unless  indeed  it  be  the 
reputed  blotting  out  of  suns  in  the  stellar  heavens),  which  can  be  compared 


[1900]    OPENING  OF  ROCHESTER  UNIVERSITY  TO  WOMEN.  I219 

in  wastefulness  with  the  extinction  of  great  minds.  Their  gathered  resources, 
their  matured  skill,  their  luminous  insight,  their  unfailing  tact,  are  not  like 
instincts  that  can  be  handed  down;  they  are  absolutely  personal  and  in- 
alienable, grand  conditions  of  future  power  unavailable  for  the  race  but  per- 
fect for  an  ulterior  growth  of  the  individual.  If  that  growth  is  not  to  be, 
the  most  brilliant  genius  bursts  and  vanishes  as  a  firework  in  the  night.  A 
mind  of  balanced  and  finished  faculties  is  a  production  at  once  of  infinite 
delicacy  and  of  most  enduring  constitution;  lodged  in  a  fast-perishing  or- 
ganism, it  is  like  a  perfect  set  of  astronomical  instruments  misplaced  in  an 
observatory  shaken  by  earthquakes  or  caving  in  with  decay.  The  lenses  are 
true,  the  mirrors  without  a  speck,  the  movements  smooth,  the  micrometers 
«xact ;  what  shall  the  Master  do  but  save  the  precious  system  refined  with  so 
much  care,  and  build  for  it  a  new  house  that  shall  be  founded  upon  a  rock. 

Miss  Anthony  had  been  home  but  three  days  when  she  went  to 
Auburn,  N.  Y.,  to  fulfil  a  promise  made  to  Mrs.  Eliza  Wright 
Osborne  and  Miss  Emily  Rowland  to  speak  at  a  farmers'  picnic 
held  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Owasco  near  by.  A  heavy  storm  came 
up  and  because  of  her  exhausted  condition  she  took  a  severe  cold 
and  for  nearly  a  week  she  remained  in  Mrs.  Osborne's  hospitable 
home  skilfully  cared  for  by  physicians  and  nurses. 

Work  on  the  History  was  suspended  for  the  hot  months  but 
Miss  Anthony  kept  her  secretaries  busy  making  the  scrap  books 
which  would  be  needed  when  it  was  resumed.  Only  those  who 
have  resurrected  from  the  depths  of  their  storage  the  dusty  and 
yellowed  clippings  of  bygone  years  and  tried  to  systemize  and 
put  them  into  usable  shape  can  know  what  a  nerve-wrecking 
process  it  is.  Miss  Anthony  would  rather  have  travelled  around 
the  globe  and  delivered  two  speeches  a  day,  so  it  is  not  surprising 
that  she  made  and  kept  a  vow  never  to  preserve  another  clipping 
after  the  History  was  finished.  In  addition  to  all  that  she  ar- 
ranged for  the  nearly  twenty  years  which  the  History  was  to 
cover,  she  prepared  two  large  books  entirely  of  extracts  about 
Mrs.  Stanton,  which  were  completed  afterwards  with  her  hun- 
dreds of  obituary  notices.  During  the  summer  Mary  Anthony 
said  several  times  to  friends :  "Susan  has  always  worked  harder 
than  anybody  I  ever  knew,  but  she  is  breaking  her  own  record." 

The  visitor  in  the  Anthony  home  who  brought  more  bright- 
ness, cheer  and  happiness  than  any  other  was  Anna  Howard 
Shaw.     If  the  others  had  been  inclined  to  jealousy  they  would 


I220  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19OO] 

have  said  that  a  little  warmer  welcome  always  greeted  her  ar- 
rival, a  little  more  regret  attended  her  departure.  After  Mrs. 
Stanton  retired  from  active  work  and  Miss  Anthony's  association 
with  her  naturally  grew  less,  she  learned  to  turn  to  Miss  Shaw  for 
assistance  which  was  never  refused  and  never  stinted.  No 
woman  ever  gave  to  another  woman  more  loyal,  unselfish  and 
complete  devotion  than  Miss  Shaw  rendered  to  Miss  Anthony 
from  the  time  they  first  learned  to  know  each  other  in  1888,  and 
she  received  in  return  the  deepest  love  and  appreciation  of  that 
strong  nature.  As  Miss  Anthony  gradually  withdrew  from  con- 
tinuous public  duties  and  the  constant  journeying  to  and  fro,  she 
enjoyed  more  and  more  keenly  the  visits  of  the  younger  woman 
who  came  fresh  from  the  conflict  and  brimful  of  ideas,  news  and 
anecdotes.  All  work  was  suspended  that  not  one  moment  of  these 
brief  stays  should  be  lost,  and,  remembering  the  hardships  of  her 
own  lecture  days.  Miss  Anthony  used  to  make  every  possible  pro- 
vision for  the  comfort  of  the  weary  itinerant.  The  favorite  dishes 
were  cooked,  the  bath  was  made  ready,  the  bed  was  prepared  with 
her  own  hands;  a  laundress  was  furnished  and  a  stenographer 
was  assigned  to  relieve  the  burden  of  correspondence.  On  her 
part  Miss  Shaw  considered  no  sacrifice  too  large  to  have  these 
little  visits.  She  would  rise  before  day-break  to  take  a  train  that 
would  give  her  even  a  few  hours  at  Rochester,  or  she  would 
travel  two  entire  nights  to  spend  Sunday  in  this  haven  of  rest. 
Each  month  when  making  out  her  schedule  she  would  try  to  plan 
for  a  stop-over  here,  and  Miss  Anthony  would  mark  that  date  in 
her  calendar  as  a  red-letter  day. 

Miss  Anthony  was  very  fond  of  all  the  Business  Committee  of 
the  National  American  Association — her  "Cabinet,*'  as  she  liked 
to  call  them — and  she  had  long  been  desirous  of  entertaining  them 
in  her  own  home.  This  summer  she  felt  that  their  visit  must  not 
be  further  postponed,  although  the  careful  Sister  Mary  sug- 
gested that  she  might  not  be  equal  to  the  strain.  She  scouted  the 
insinuation,  and  on  August  29  she  had  the  great  joy  of  welcoming 
under  her  own  roof  the  entire  National  Board — Mrs.  Chapman 
Catt,  Miss  Shaw,  Mrs.  Rachel  Foster  Avery,  Miss  Blackwell, 
Mrs.  Harriet  Taylor  Upton,  Miss  Laura  Clay,  Mrs.  Catharine 


[1900]    OPENING  OF  ROCHESTER  UNIVERSITY  TO  WOMEN.  I22I 

Waugh  McCuUoch,  and  the  two  private  secretaries,  Lucy  E.  An- 
thony and  Elizabeth  J.  Hansen  Those  were  three  happy  days 
for  Miss  Anthony.  The  business  meetings  were  in  session  from 
early  morning  until  late  at  night,  but  when,  in  the  midst  of  their 
weighty  discussions,  the  members  discovered  they  were  himgry, 
thanks  to  ever  watchful  Sister  Mary,  they  always  found  the  table 
spread  and  every  want  provided  for.  None  of  that  little  company 
ever  will  forget  the  hospitality  of  this  simple,  refined  Quaker 
home.  They  left  for  Miss  Mary,  as  a  memento  of  their  visit, 
seven  silver  spoons  engraved  with  her  initials  and  theirs. 

Mrs.  Lydia  Coonley  Ward,  who  had  come  from  her  summer 
residence  in  Wyoming,  N.  Y.,  to  dine  with  them  one  day,  insisted 
that  they  should  adjourn  their  sessions  to  her  house.  She  sent 
them  railroad  transportation  and  they  finished  the  week  in  her 
spacious  and  comfortable  home.  A  public  meeting  in  the  village 
was  arranged  by  her  for  the  last  evening,  which  was  addressed 
by  several  members  of  the  committee.  The  Wyoming  Reporter 
said :  "And  last  came  Miss  Anthony — our  dear  Miss  Anthony — 
the  noblest  Roman  of  them  all.  As  she  entered  into  the  question 
that  she  had  made  the  persistent  work  of  her  life,  while  it  de- 
veloped her  courage  and  sweetness,  she  was  the  very  personi- 
jfication  of  her  subject.  She  stood  before  the  audience  like  a 
(vision  of  the  spirit  of  prophecy,  so  imbued  with  her  unselfish 
longing  that  the  angel  of  the  covenant  who  has  held  up  her  hands 
and  kept  her  from  fainting  revealed  her  as  the  inspired  repre- 
sentative of  her  great  idea.  Dear  Miss  Anthony!  Well  may  we 
love  and  reverence  her,  for  she  has  given  to  us  all  that  was  hers 
and  crowned  the  giving  with  herself.*' 


r^  ;  For  many  years  Miss  Anthony  had  greatly  desired  that  girls 
fl  ^  '  should  be  admitted  to  the  University  of  Rochester  and  had  often 
tried  to  arouse  public  interest  in  the  subject.  In  1891,  while  Mrs. 
Stanton  was  visiting  her,  a  meeting  was  held  in  her  home  to  dis- 
cuss the  question,  with  the  president  of  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
Dr.  Edward  Mott  Moore,  and  a  number  of  the  faculty  present. 


1. 


1222  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [l900] 

but  it  was  declared  impracticable  with  the  funds  on  hand.*  Many- 
times  afterwards  the  matter  was  agitated  by  herself,  by  Mary 
Anthony,  by  the  Political  Equality  Club  and  other  organizations. 
Finally  in  the  summer  of  1898,  the  Board  of  Trustees,  feeling  the 
injustice  of  requiring  the  girls  pf  the  city  who  desired  a  college 
education  to  leave  home  for  the  purpose,  announced  that  if  the 
sum  of  $100,000  was  secured  within  a  year  women  would  be  ad- 
mitted to  the  university  on  the  same  terms  as  men.  Miss  Anthony 
was  greatly  rejoiced  at  even  this  concession,  but  with  her  long 
experience  in  asking  for  money  she  knew  the  task  would  not  be 
an  easy  one.  A  committee  for  raising  the  necessary  fund  eventu- 
ally was  appointed  at  a  meeting  of  the  Women's  Educational  and 
Industrial  Union,  the  Ethical  Club  and  other  organizations  of 
women,  with  Mrs.  Helen  Barrett  Montgomery  as  chairman  and 
Miss  Anthony,  of  course,  a  member.*  She  often  expressed  her 
relief  that  she  was  not  required  to  have  the  full  management  of 
this  great  undertaking,  but  none  the  less  she  threw  herself  into 
the  work  with  might  and  main,  attended  the  committee  meetings 
for  several  years  and  personally  solicited  subscriptions  from  her 
friends  in  the  city  and  elsewhere.  She  felt  that  while  in  every 
instance  she  probably  would  divert  money  from  the  suffrage 
cause,  the  cause  of  co-education  justified  it. 

As  the  period  for  raising  the  money  drew  near  the  end  it  be- 
came apparent  that  the  amount  could  not  be  obtained,  but  the 
women  had  striven  so  earnestly  and  the  general  sentiment  was 
so  evidently  in  favor  of  opening  the  university  to  girls,  that  the 
trustees  at  their  annual  meeting  in  1899,  reduced  the  required 
fund  to  $50,000  and  extended  the  time  another  year.  The  women 
redoubled  their  efforts  but  large  contributions  which  they  had 
expected  did  not  materialize  and  it  was  found  that  a  vast  propor- 
tion of  the  Alumni  were  strongly  opposed  to  the  scheme  of  co- 
education. Miss  Anthony  was  so  overwhelmed  with  the  demands 
upon  her  in  1900  that  she  had  not  kept  close  watch  on  the  progress 
of  the  fund,  feeling  sure  that  it  was  in  capable  hands.    She  re- 

1  Volume  II,  page  7x3. 

'Other  members:    Mrs.  George  C.  Hollister,  Mrs.  Lewis  Bigelow,  Mrs.  William  East- 
wood, Mrs.  William  C.  Gannett,  Miss  Olive  Davis. 


[1900]    OPENING  OF  ROCHESTER  UNIVERSITY  TO  WOMEN.  I223 

turned  from  Wyoming  Tuesday,  September  4,  so  much  fatigued 
by  the  strain  of  the  week  and  the  excessive  heat  that  she  was 
forced  to  recognize  the  necessity  of  sparing  herself  exertion  for 
awhile.  On  Friday  evening  she  was  called  to  the  telephone  by 
Mrs.  Fannie  R.  Bigelow,  secretary  of  the  Fund  Committee,  and 
informed  that  the  time  for  raising  the  money  would  expire  the 
next  day;  that  she  was  the  only  other  member  of  the  committee 
in  the  city;  that  they  lacked  $8,000;  that  every  expedient  for  se- 
curing this  balance  had  been  exhausted  and  that  there  was  reason 
to  believe  the  time  would  not  be  further  extended.  Miss  Anthony 
was  almost  distracted.  It  was  too  late  for  any  action  that  day 
but  she  arranged  for  Mrs.  Bigelow  to  call  early  the  next  morning 
and  then  went  to  bed  to  pass  a  sleepless  night,  turning  over  and 
over  in  her  mind  every, possibility  for  getting  that  $8,000  and 
never  admitting  for  an  instant  that  it  would  not  be  obtained. 

The  next  morning  Sister  Mary  was  the  first  victim  of  the  care- 
fully planned  onslaught.  She  intended  to  bequeath  $2,000  to  the 
university  if  it  should  become  co-educational.  "Give  it  now," 
insisted  Miss  Anthony.  "Don't  wait  or  the  girls  may  never  be 
admitted;" — and  thus  the  first  two  of  the  eight  thousand  were 
secured.  Taking  a  carriage  with  Mrs.  Bigelow  she  then  went  to 
the  home  of  Mrs.  Sarah  L.  Willis,  to  whom  for  nearly  fifty  years 
she  had  never  appealed  in  vain  when  financial  difficulties  threat- 
ened, and  here  she  received  the  second  two  thousand.  The  strug- 
gle then  began  in  earnest.  To  stores,  to  offices,  to  factories  they 
drove,  Miss  Anthony  making  her  plea  with  all  the  eloquence  and 
pathos  she  could  command.  It  was  said  afterwards  that  Joan  of 
Arc  must  have  had  just  such  an  expression  on  her  face  when  she 
led  the  hosts  to  battle.  But  it  was  all  in  vain ;  some  had  already 
subscribed,  others  were  opposed  to  opening  the  university  to  girls, 
and  at  noon  not  another  dollar  had  been  promised.  Miss  An- 
thony went  home  for  dinner  and  the  day  was  so  oppressively  hot 
her  sister  begged  her  to  rest  for  a  while  but  she  would  not  listen. 
By  half-past  one  she  was  in  the  carriage  again.  After  an  inter- 
view with  one  of  the  city's  richest  women,  who  cited  her  many 
expenses  as  an  excuse  for  not  contributing,  Miss  Anthony 
Ant.  III-8 


1224  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19OO] 

dropped  down  on  the  cushions  as  they  drove  away  and  exclaimed, 
"Thank  heaven  I  am  not  so  poor  as  she  is !" 

Finally  when  all  resources  seemed  exhausted  Miss  Anthony, 
turned  to  the  Rev.  W.  C  Gannett,  who  with  his  wife  had  done  a 
large  amount  of  work  toward  securing  this  fund,  and  he  quickly 
agreed  to  make  himself  and  Mrs.  Gannett  responsible  for  $2,000. 
The  afternoon  was  passing  away;  the  Board  of  Trustees  was  in 
session  and  likely  at  any  moment  to  adjourn,  and  in  desperation 
Miss  Anthony  went  to  see  Mr.  Samuel  Wilder,  who  always  had 
responded  to  her  calls  but  had  already  made  his  subscription. 
She  explained  the  emergency,  said  if  there  were  only  more  time 
she  herself  could  raise  the  rest  of  the  money  and  asked  if  she 
might  guarantee  in  his  name  the  last  $2,000.  He  willingly  con- 
sented. Almost  overcome  by  physical  weariness  and  mental  joy 
she  hastened  with  Mrs.  Bigelow  to  the  Granite  Building  where 
they  met  Mrs.  Montgomery  by  appointment  and  were  soon  in  the 
presence  of  the  trustees.  It  was  quite  evident  that  their  appear- 
ance was  a  surprise.  "Gentlemen,  Miss  Anthony  has  a  report  to 
make,"  said  Mrs.  Montgomery ;  and  then,  her  voice  shaking  with 
excitement.  Miss  Anthony  laid  before  them  the  pledges  for  the 
remaining  $8,000.  After  consulting  together  for  awhile  they 
informed  her  that  those  for  $6,000  were  accepted  but  the  guar- 
antee for  the  last  $2,000  was  not  sufficient,  as  the  guarantor  was 
in  precarious  health  and  his  estate  could  not  be  held  for  the 
money.  For  a  moment  Miss  Anthony  was  stunned,  then  rising 
and  walking  over  to  the  table  she  said :  "Well,  gentlemen,  I  may 
as  well  confess — I  am  the  guarantor,  but  I  asked  Mr.  Wilder  to 
lend  me  his  name  so  that  this  question  of  co-education  might  not 
be  hurt  by  any  connection  with  woman  suffrage.  I  now  pledge 
my  life  insurance  for  the  $2,000." 


A  brief  and  almost  illegible  entry  was  made  in  the  diary  the 
next  evening :  "Went  to  church  today  but  had  a  sleepy  time — 
such  a  sleepy  time.  It  seemed  as  if  something  was  the  matter 
with  my  tongue — ^I  had  a  feeling  of  strangeness— could  not  think 


0, 


H 
U3 
2 
2 
< 
O 

CO 


< 


[igOO]    OPENING  OF  ROCHESTER  UNIVERSITY  TO  WOMEN.  122^ 

what  I  wanted  to  say. — A  queer  sensation  all  the  afternoon. — 
Mary  asked  me  several  times  if  anything  was  the  matter. — I  shall 
be  better  or  worse  tomorrow !" 

The  next  morning  she  would  not  talk  and  was  evidently  using 
all  her  will-power  to  enable  her  to  meet  an  engagement  with  the 
secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  in  the  afternoon  to  learn 
whether  all  the  pledges  had  stood  legal  examination.  There  was 
a  wavering  line  in  her  diary  evidently  written  as  soon  as  she  re- 
turned home :  "They  let  the  girls  in.  He  said  there  was  no  al- 
ternative." 

The  press  of  the  city  had  spread  the  joyful  tidings  and  Monday 
evening  the  Anthony  home  was  filled  with  people  who  came  to 
express  their  great  delight  and  their  appreciation  of  Miss  An- 
thony's heroic  achievement.  Among  them  were  the  score  of  girls 
Who  were  ready  to  enter  the  university  at  once.  She  sat  in  her 
usual  arm-chair  and  tried  to  smile  as  they  crowded  about  her,  but 
she  made  no  effort  to  speak  and  her  face  was  very  white.  Sud- 
denly she  slipped  away ;  the  devoted  sister,  who  had  been  watch- 
ing her  with  deepest  anxiety,  hastened  to  her  room  and  found  her 
lying  unconscious  on  the  bed.  There  was  a  lesion  of  a  small 
blood-vessel  in  the  brain,  a  touch  of  apoplexy  light  as  the  pressure 
of  a  baby's  finger — but  the  axe  had  been  laid  at  the  root  of  the 
tree. 


It  has  been  said  that  the  opening  of  Rochester  University  to 
women  is  not  due  to  Miss  Anthony ;  that  the  trustees  would  have 
extended  the  time  another  year,  during  which  the  money  would 
surely  have  been  obtained.  There  certainly  is  no  desire  to  min- 
imize the  long  and  efficient  work  of  the  other  members  of  the 
committee,  who  by  two  years  of  labor  raised  over  $40,000  of  the 
required  fund.  Since,  however,  the  effort  for  its  completion  re- 
sulted in  lessening  to  a  great  extent  Miss  Anthony's  power  to 
give  to  the  cause  she  loved  best  that  service  to  which  she  had 
dedicated  the  closing  years  of  her  life,  there  is  much  reason  for 
wanting  to  know  whether  the  sacrifice  was  necessary. 

The  next  day  after  Miss  Anthony  appeared  before  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  September  11,  1900,  the  Rochester  Democrat  and 


1226  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOO] 

Chronicle  contained  an  article  with  double-column  headlines 
which  said:  "Opens  Its  Doors  to  Young  Women.  Rochester 
University  Henceforth  a  Coeducational  Institution.  Last  $8,000 
Needed  for  the  $50,000  Endowment  Fund  Raised  by  Susan  B. 
Anthony  Yesterday.  What  Seemed  a  Hopeless  Task  Accom- 
plished by  Her  Energy  and  Courage."  After  the  introductory 
paragraph  the  article  continued : 

For  several  days  the  question  whether  women  would  be  admitted  to  the 
university  has  been  in  the  balance.  Those  who  hoped  for  the  consummation 
of  the  project  had  about  lost  heart  All  summer  long  the  fund  necessary  had 
remained  in  statu  quo.  There  were  only  a  few  hours  left  in  which  the  hopes 
of  the  young  women  could  be  realized.  Women  connected  with  the  Co- 
educational Fund  Committee  had  walked  the  streets  during  the  long,  hot 
months  and  made  appeals  for  contributions.  They  were  woefully  unsuccess- 
ful.   ...    So  the  summer  wore  away. 

Yesterday  it  became  a  matter  of  hours  when  the  crisis  must  be  met  Then 
something  happened — Susan  B.  Anthony  threw  herself  into  the  breach. 
Single  handed  she  met  the  situation  and  raised  $8,000  in  money  and  pledges, 
the  sum  necessary  to  complete  the  $50,000.  It  was  a  remarkable  achievement. 
.  .  .  The  plan  for  co-education  was  dismally  near  a  failure,  and,  had  it  not 
been  for  the  indomitable  will  and  courage  of  Miss  Anthony,  it  is  probable 
that  another  year  would  have  elapsed  before  women  entered  the  university, 
if,  indeed  the  whole  project  did  not  fall  through.    .    .    . 

Mrs.  Montgomery  was  delighted  with  the  turn  aflPairs  took  yesterday  after- 
noon. **1  think,"  she  said,  "this  is  a  wonderful  tribute  to  the  personal  power 
of  Miss  Anthony.  What  she  has  done  is  marvelous.  A  large  number  of  us 
women  have  been  trying  to  do  this  thing  all  summer  and  failed.  Then  Mis» 
Anthony  accomplished  it" 

The  Other  newspapers  of  Rochester  spoke  in  the  same  vein. 
Soon  after  the  opening  of  the  college  year  the  following  letter 
was  sent  signed  by  twenty-five  names : 

Dear  Miss  Anthony  :  The  girls  who  have  entered  the  University  of  Roch- 
ester are  deeply  grateful  to  all  who  have  helped  in  the  work  of  raising  the 
fund  and  made  it  possible  for  them  to  share  in  the  benefits  of  the  institution. 
But  we  feel  that  we  owe  a  special  debt  of  gratitude  to  you,  since  it  was  your 
generous  aid  at  the  last  that  made  the  effort  successful. 

We  realize  that  the  best  possible  way  to  show  our  gratitude  is  to  make  the 
utmost  use  of  our  opportunities,  and  we  hope  that  in  this  respect  we  shall 
not  disappoint  our  friends. 

Wishing  you  a  speedy  recovery  from  your  illness,  and  all  happiness  and 
success  in  your  work,  we  are  gratefully  yours. 

The  Women  Students  of  the  University  of  Rochester. 


[1900]    OPENING  OF  ROCHESTER  UNIVERSITY  TO  WOMEN.  1227 

For  the  next  six  years  Miss  Anthony  received  similar  letters 
from  the  different  classes ;  she  was  elected  the  first  honorary  mem- 
ber of  the  College  Women's  Club  and  was  invited  to  all  the  girls* 
celebrations;  mementos  of  her  were  placed  in  their  room  at  the 
university  and  her  picture  hung  by  the  side  of  Mary  Lyons' ;  they 
called  frequently  at  her  home  and  in  every  possible  way  acknowl- 
edged their  great  indebtedness  to  her. 

Before  beginning  this  volume,  in  which  this  matter  would  have 
to  be  recorded  as  a  historical  fact,  the  writer  made  careful  inves- 
tigation to  determine  whether  the  time  for  raising  the  fund  would 
have  been  extended  over  a  third  year.  The  minutes  of  the  trus- 
tees' meeting  were  examined  and  the  question  was  thoroughly 
discussed  with  Mr.  Charles  M.  Williams,  who  had  been  secretary 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees  for  twenty  years.  The  results  summed 
up  were  as  follows :  A  very  strong  pressure  against  admitting 
women  to  the  university  had  been  exerted  by  the  Alumni  in  vari- 
ous parts  of  the  country ;  the  wealthy  citizens  of  Rochester  had 
shown  a  most  discouraging  apathy ;  this  September  meeting  had 
no  authority  to  extend  the  time  but  that  would  have  to  be  done, 
if  at  all,  at  the  May  meeting  in  1901.  Even  if  it  were  extended 
and  the  fund  eventually  raised,  the  admission  of  the  women  would 
be  deferred  two  years.  The  conviction  was  clear  that  if  Miss 
Anthony  had  not  put  forth  the  herculean  effort  at  the  critical 
moment  there  was  a  strong  probability  that  the  doors  of  the  uni- 
versity would  have  remained  closed  to  women  for  an  indefinite 
length  of  time. 


Miss  Anthony  was  under  the  constant  care  of  her  physician  for 
/over  a  month.    During  the  first  week  her  power  of  speech  was 

practically  gone  and  it  was  doubtful  whether  she  would  recover  it. 
J  Gradually  it  returned  so  that  no  defect  was  noticeable  but  she 
/  never  again  had  full  confidence  in  her  ability  to  speak  in  public. 

The  very  first  time  that  she  was  able  to  go  out  in  a  carriage  she 
,  asked  to  be  taken  through  the  university  campus,  and  that  night 
;  an  entry  in  the  diary  said :    "I  thought  with  joy.  These  are  no 

longer  forbidden  grounds  to  the  girls  of  our  city.    It  is  good  to 


1228  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN   B.  ANTHONY.  [19OO] 

feel  that  the  old  doors  swing  on  their  hinges  to  admit  them. 
Will  the  vows  made  to  them  be  kept  ?  Will  they  have  an  equal 
chance?    AH  promises  well  but  the  fulfilment  is  yet  to  be  seen.'  " 

By  the  middle  of  October,  Miss  Anthony  had  recovered  suffi- 
ciently to  go  to  the  inaugural  of  Dr.  Rush  Rhees  as  president  of 
the  university,  and  the  record  in  the  journal  for  that  day  said : 
"Not  a  direct  mention  of  the  girls  in  one  of  the  speeches ;  the 
papers  say  the  policy  is  to  treat  them  as  if  they  had  always  been 
there.  Well,  even  if  they  had  they  would  have  deserved  some 
mention — ^but  no  matter — ^they  are  in  and  there  is  no  getting  them 
out !"  Not  a  murmur  at  the  fearful  cost  she  had  paid  for  their 
privilege — only  joy  that  it  had  been  gained  for  them,  only  hope 
that  it  never  would  be  taken  away ! 

To  the  inexpressible  delight  of  everybody  Miss  Anthony's  fine 
mental  faculties  were  entirely  unimpaired  by  her  illness,  but  she 
never  fully  regained  her  remarkable  physical  vigor  or  her  won- 
derful buoyancy  of  spirit.  As  the  days  went  by  it  became  evident 
that  her  usual  recuperative  power  was  not  equal  to  the  present 
demand  upon  it.  Finally  in  November,  without  saying  a  word  to 
anyone,  she  went  to  her  old  friend  of  more  than  fifty  years.  Dr. 
Edward  Mott  Moore,  the  eminent  specialist,  and  had  a  long,  con- 
fidential talk.  He  told  her  that  absolutely  nothing  could  be  done 
to  restore  her  to  perfect  health ;  that  a  second  stroke  of  apoplexy 
might  come  at  any  time  and  it  might  be  delayed  for  a  number  of 
years ;  that  henceforth  she  must  take  the  best  care  of  herself  and 
.  especially  must  avoid  getting  cold  and  meeting  crowds  of  people. 

When  on  December  i  Miss  Anthony  packed  her  trunk  and 
started  for  New  York  to  attend  the  National  Suffrage  Bazar  in 
Madison  Square  Garden,  those  who  were  nearest  to  her  under- 
stood that  her  decision  was  made  to  "die  in  the  harness;"  that 
she  did  not  care  to  secure  a  long  lease  of  life  by  giving  up  active 
work  and  all  that  made  existence  worth  while.  She  went  to  the 
bazar  every  day  and  evening  for  a  week ;  the  place  was  very  cold 
and  for  hours  at  a  time  she  was  surrounded  by  a  throng  of  people, 
shaking  hands  daily  with  hundreds  and  having  a  cheerful  word 
for  all.    When  it  was  over  she  returned  home  apparently  none  the 


[IQOO]    OPENING  OF  ROCHESTER  UNIVERSITY  TO  WOMEN.  1229 

worse  for  the  experience,  and  with  the  calm  courage  of  a  Stoic 
took  up  her  daily  round  of  work. 

On  Christmas  night  these  heart-breaking  words  were  written 
in  the  diary :  "This  day  finds  me  ashamed  that  I  have  done  so 
little  to  make  people  happy.  How  can  I  begin  to  bless  them  after 
the  fashion  of  others  ?" 


CHAPTER  LIX. 

MISS  Anthony's  varied  work  in  conventions. 

1901. 

O  word  of  complaint  ever  was  uttered  by  Miss 
Anthony  that  the  cherished  hopes  and  plans  for  the 
closing  years  of  her  life  had  been  practically 
crushed.  She  bore  the  bitter  disappointment  with 
the  fortitude  which  had  characterized  her  entire 
life,  utilized  all  the  strength  that  remained  to  her,  and,  whenever 
this  failed,  waited  not  patiently  but  heroically  till  enough  re- 
turned to  enable  her  to  take  up  the  work  again.  For  the  first 
time  in  her  life  she  had  to  remain  indoors  when  the  weather  was 
inclement  and  leave  her  tasks  unfinished  because  of  physical  weak- 
ness. Any  public  celebration  of  her  eighty-first  birthday  on 
February  15  was  forbidden,  and,  thinking  that  she  might  feel 
lonely,  her  friends  Mrs.  Rachel  Foster  Avery,  of  Philadelphia, 
Mrs.  Emily  Gross,  of  Chicago,  and  Mrs.  May  Wright  Sewall,  of 
Indianapolis,  came  to  Rochester  to  spend  the  day  with  her.  Mrs. 
Mary  F.  Hallowell,  Mrs.  Sarah  L.  Willis  and  Mrs.  Mary  T. 
Lewis  Gannett  joined  them  at  dinner  and  a  number  of  people 
called  in  the  evening.  Letters,  telegrams  and  gifts  were  received 
from  all  parts  of  the  country;  the  university  girls  gave  her  a 
growing  palm;  flowers,  fruit  and  other  delicacies  were  sent  by 
friends  in  the  city,  and  Mrs.  Gross  presented  her  with  two  Gov- 
ernment bonds  worth  $600  each;  so  the  day  was  really  a  very 
happy  one.  When  the  great  celebration  of  a  year  ago  was  re- 
ferred to  she  said,  "Oh,  I  think  today  has  been  much  pleasanter." 

On  February  23,  Miss  Anthony  was  able  to  attend  the  first  re- 
ception ever  given  at  Rochester  University  by  women  students. 
It  was  held  in  the  large,  handsome  room  which  had  been  set  apart 
for  their  exclusive  use,  and  invitations  had  been  extended,  to 

(1230) 


[iQOi]        MISS  Anthony's  work  in  conventions.  1231 

various  women's  organizations.  The  morning  paper  said :  "Susan 
B.  Anthony  was  the  guest  of  honor,  and  the  young  ladies  seated 
her  among  the  cushions  on  the  divan  where  she  held  impromptu 
court  during  the  hours  of  receiving."  It  was  indeed  a  proud 
moment  for  her  when  she  saw  the  girls  moving  freely  and  hap- 
pily through  the  halls  of  this  old  institution  of  which  they  were 
now  a  part. 

A  During  the  spring  a  good  deal  of  attention  was  attracted  by 

iMrs.  Nation's  operations  with  a  hatchet  among  the  saloons  of 

/Kansas,  and  in  the  course  of  an  interview  on  the  subject  Miss 

/  Anthony  said :    "The  hatchet  is  the  weapon  of  barbarism,  the 

/  ballot  is  the  weapon  of  civilization.    In  a  Government  where  one-  * 

I  half  the  people  are  denied  the  ballot,  that  half  have  no  legitimate 

means  by  which  to  enforce  their  will,  and  the  hatchet  or  other 

revolutionary  weapon  is  their  only  resource." 

The  second  week  in  May  the  State  Municipal  Ownership 
League  met  in  Rochester,  and  as  Mrs.  Isabella  Beecher  Hooker 
was  paying  Miss  Anthony  a  visit  they  decided  to  make  an  effort 
to  have  the  convention  indorse  woman  suffrage.  Miss  Anthony 
did  not  feel  equal  to  an  address  but  she  wrote  a  strong  letter  and 
went  to  the  meeting  with  Mrs.  Hooker  who  presented  it  with  an 
eloquent  speech  showing  how  women  had  an  equal  interest  with 
men  in  municipal  ownership  and  how  men  needed  women's  votes 
to  help  this  and  all  progressive  measures.  They  were  curtly  in- 
formed by  the  president  that  the  matter  had  been  discussed  in 
business  session  and  it  was  decided  that  woman  suffrage  should 
not  be  brought  before  the  meeting.  "If  not  before  a  body  met  to 
consider  a  great  economic  question  which  directly  affects  every 
woman  in  the  country,  then  where  should  woman  suffrage  be  con- 
sidered?" asked  Miss  Anthony,  and  as  there  was  no  answer  the 
two  ladies  went  home. 

Miss  Anthony  was  one  of  the  speakers  at  a  mass  meeting  held 
in  the  Jewish  Temple  the  evening  of  May  18  to  celebrate  the  as- 
sembling of  the  Court  of  Arbitration  at  The  Hague.  On  the  25th 
she  joined  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw  at  Buffalo  and  started 
for  Minneapolis,  where  the  National  American  Suffrage  Associa- 
tion was  to  hold  its  annual  meeting.    They  stopped  over  Sunday 


1232  LIFE  AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.    ANTHONY.  [19OI] 

in  Chicago,  met  other  members  of  the  national  board,  and  on 
Monday  a  reception  was  given  for  them  by  the  Woman's  Club. 

The  officers  reached  Minneapolis  Tuesday  and  made  their  head- 
quarters at  the  West  Hotel.  The  committee  of  arrangements, 
Dr.  Cora  Smith  Eaton,  chairman,  had  done  its  part  so  well  that 
the  convention  proved  to  be  one  of  the  most  successful  in  the  long 
list  of  these  meetings.  It  ppened  May  30,  the  first  in  many  years 
that  had  not  been  presided  over  by  Miss  Anthony,  but  the  dele- 
gates felt  profoundly  thankful  even  for  her  presence.  She  was 
the  first  to  speak,  giving  them  the  greetings  of  Elizabeth  Cady 
Stanton  and  then  her  own.    In  the  course  of  her  remarks  she  said : 

If  the  divine  law  visits  the  sins  of  the  parents  upon  the  children,  equally 
so  does  it  transmit  to  them  the  virtues  of  the  parents.  Therefore  if  it  is 
through  woman's  ignorant  subjection  to  man's  appetites  and  passions  that  the 
life  current  of  the  race  is  corrupted,  then  must  it  be  through  her  intelligent 
emancipation  that  it  shall  be  purified  and  her  children  rise  up  and  call  her 
blessed.  •  .  .  I  am  a  full  and  firm  believer  in  the  revelation  that  it  is 
through  woman  the  race  is  to  be  redeemed.  For  this  reason  I  ask  for  her 
immediate  and  unconditional  emancipation  from  all  political,  industrial,  social 
and  religious  subjection.  It  is  said,  "Men  are  what  their  mothers  made 
them,"  but  I  say  that  to  hold  mothers  responsible  for  the  character  of  their 
sons,  while  denying  to  them  any  control  over  the  surroundings  of  the  sons' 
lives,  is  worse  than  mockery,  it  is  cruelty.  Responsibilities  grow  out  of  rights 
and  powers.  Therefore  before  mothers  can  rightfully  be  held  responsible  for 
the  vices  and  crimes,  for  the  general  demoralization  of  society,  they  must 
possess  all  possible  rights  and  powers  to  control  the  conditions  and  circum- 
stances of  their  own  and  their  children's  lives. 

The  subject  of  the  address  sent  by  Mrs.  Stanton  was  The  Duty 
of  the  Church  to  Women  at  This  Hour.  While  there  were  parts 
of  its  radical  statements  with  which  Miss  Anthony  agreed,  she 
by  no  means  indorsed  it  as  a  whole.  Lo3ralty  to  Mrs.  Stanton 
was  so  strong,  however,  and  the  memory  of  her  great  service  to 
the  cause  of  woman  was  so  faithful,  that,  in  the  face  of  much  op- 
position, she  had  the  address  in  full  presented  to  the  convention. 

Two  reports  were  made  by  Miss  Anthony,  as  chairman  of 
Committees  on  Congressional  Work  and  on  Convention  Resolu- 
lutions,  which  illustrated  a  part  of  the  immense  labor  she  had 
performed  during  the  past  year  and  which  it  had  been  her  inten- 
tion to  continue  every  year.    After  describing  the  strong  efforts 


[iQOi]        MISS  Anthony's  work  in  conventions.  1233 

to  secure  recognition  from  the  Presidential  nominating  conven- 
tions she  said :  "During  the  year  I  have  also  sent  petitions  and 
letters  to  more  than  one  hundred  national  conventions  of  different 
sorts — industrial,  educational,  charitable,  philanthropic,  religious 
and  political^    Below  are  the  forms  of  petition : 

To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Fifty-sixth  Congress  of 

the  United  States: 

The  undersigned  on  behalf  of  (naming  the  association)  in  annual  conven- 
tion assembled  at ,  1900,  and  representing members,  respect- 
fully ask  for  the  prompt  passage  by  your  Honorable  Body  of  a  Sixteenth 
Amendment  to  the  Federal  Constitution,  to  be  submitted  to  the  Legislatures 
of  the  several  States  for  ratification,  prohibiting  the  disfranchisement  of 
United  States  citizens  on  accoimt  of  sex. 

,    President. 

,    Secretary. 

To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Fifty-sixth  Congress  of 

the  United  States: 

Whereas,  The  trend  of  civilization  is  plainly  in  the  direction  of  equal  rights 
for  women,  and 

Whereas,  Woman  suffrage  is  no  longer  an  experiment,  but  has  been  clearly 
demonstrated  to  be  beneficial  to  society;  therefore 

Resolved,  That  we,  on  behalf  of  (as  above),  do  respectfully  petition  your 
Honorable  Body  not  to  insert  the  word  ''male"  in  the  suffrage  clause  of 
whatever  form  of  government  you  shall  recommend  to  Hawaii,  Cuba,  Porto 
Rico  or  any  other  newly-acquired  possessions.  We  ask  this  in  the  name  of 
justice  and  equality  for  all  citizens  of  a  republic  founded  on  the  consent  of 
the  governed.* 

"A  number  of  large  associations  adopted  these  petitions  and 
returned  them  to  me  duly  engrossed  on  their  official  paper,  signed 
by  the  president  and  secretary  with  their  seal  affixed ;  and  I  for- 
warded all  to  the  Senators  and  Representatives  whom  I  thought 
most  likely  to  present  them  to  Congress  in  a  way  to  make  an  im- 
pression. 

"The  General  Federation  of  Labor  at  Detroit  was  the  first  to 
respond.  I  was  invited  to  address  its  annual  convention,  and, 
after  I  had  spoken,  the  four  hundred  delegates  passed  a  resolution 

*  Miss  Anthony  sent  a  special  letter  to  each  of  these  bodies  worded  to  appeal  particu- 
larly to  the  interests  it  represented. 

*  For  the  contemptuous  answer  of  Congress  to  this  petition  see  History  of  Woman  Suf- 
frage, Volume  IV,  page  346. 


1234  LIFE   AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.   ANTHONY.  [19OI] 

of  thanks  to  me,  adopted  the  above  petition  for  the  Sixteenth 
Amendment  by  a  rising  vote,  and  ordered  their  officers  to  sign  it 
in  the  name  of  their  one  million  constituents. 

"The  National  Building  Trades  Council  at  Milwaukee  had  an 
able  discussion  in  its  annual  meeting,  based  on  my  letter,  and 
adopted  both  petitions.    This  body  has  half-a-million  members. 

"The  Bricklayers'  and  Masons'  International  Union  of  Amer- 
ica was  held  in  Rochester,  and  invited  me  to  address  the  delegates. 
They  received  me  with  enthusiasm,  passed  strong  woman  suffrage 
resolutions  and  signed  both  petitions.  Afterwards  a  stenographic 
report  pf  my  speech,  covering  two  full  pages  of  their  official 
organ.  The  Bricklayer  and  Mason,  was  published  with  an  excel- 
lent portrait  of  myself,  thus  sending  my  argument  and  me  to 
each  one  of  their  more  than  sixty  thousand  members,  all  of  whom 
subscribe  to  this  paper  as  part  of  their  dues  to  the  union. 

"The  National  Grange,  which  has  endorsed  woman  suffrage 
for  many  years,  adopted  the  resolutions  and  petitions. 

"At  the  Federation  of  Commercial  Schools  of  the  United 
States  and  Canada,  which  met  in  Chicago,  my  letter  was  read,  the 
question  was  thoroughly  discussed  and  the  suffrage  petitions  were 
adopted  almost  unanimously. 

"The  Columbia  Catholic  Summer  School,  held  at  Detroit,  gave 
a  hearing  to  our  national  president,  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt,  at  which 
she  is  said  to  have  made  many  converts.  A  strong  suffrage  speech 
was  made  by  the  Rev.  Father  W.  J.  Dalton,  and  other  prominent 
members  expressed  themselves  in  favor. 

"The  contents  of  my  letters  to  religious  and  educational  bodies 
can  readily  be  imagined,  and  one  which  was  sent  to  the  United 
States  Brewers'  Association  in  convention  at  Atlantic  City,  N.  J., 
may  be  cited  as  an  example  pf  the  subject-matter  of  those  to  other 
organizations : 

Gentiemen:  As  chairman  of  the  committee  appointed  by  our  National 
Suffrage  Association  to  address  letters  to  the  large  conventions  held  this 
year,  allow  me  to  bring  before  you  the  great  need  of  the  recognition  of  women 
in  all  of  the  rights,  privileges  and  immunities  of  United  States  Citizenship. 

Though  your  association  has  for  its  principal  object  the  management  of  the 
great  brewing  interests  of  this  country,  yet  I  have  noted  that  you  have  adopted 
resolutions  declaring  against  woman  suffrage.    I  therefore  appeal  to  you» 


<r 


[1901]        MISS  Anthony's  work  in  conventions.  1235 

since  the  question  seems  to  come  within  the  scope  of  your  deliberations,  to 
reverse  your  action  this  closing  year  of  the  century  and  declare  yourself  in 
favor  of  the  practical  application  of  the  fundamental  principles  of  our  Gov- 
ernment to  all  the  people— women  as  well  as  men.  Whatever  your  national- 
ity, whatever  your  religious  creed,  whatever  your  political  party,  you  are 
either  bom  or  naturalized  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  because  of  that 
are  voters  of  the  State  in  which  you  reside.  Will  you  not,  gentlemen,  accord 
to  the  women  of  this  nation,  having  the  same  citizenship  as  yourselves,  pre- 
cisely the  same  privileges  and  powers  which  you  possess  because  of  that  one 
fact  of  citizenship? 

The  only  true  principle — ^the  only  safe  policy— of  a  democratic-republican 
government  is  that  every  class  of  people  shall  be  protected  in  the  exercise  of 
the  right  of  individual  representation.  I  pray  you,  therefore,  to  pass  a  resolu- 
tion in  favor  of  woman  suffrage  and  order  your  officers,  on  behalf  of  the  as- 
sociation, to  sign  a  petition  to  Congress  for  this  purpose,  and  thereby  put 
the  weight  of  your  influence  on  the  side  of  making  this  Government  a  genuine 
republic. 

Should  yon  desire  to  have  one  of  our  best  woman  suffrage  speakers  address 
your  convention,  if  you  will  let  me  know  as  soon  as  possible,  I  will  take 
pleasure  in  arranging  for  one  to  do  so. 

"This  was  read  to  the  convention,  and  the  secretary,  Gallus 
Thomann,  thus  reported  its  action  to  me  : 

Mr.  Obermann  (ex-president  of  the  association  and  one  of  the  trustees) 
voicing  the  sentiments  of  the  delegates,  spoke  as  follows:  "Miss  Susan  B. 
Anthony  is  entitled  to  the  respect  of  every  man  and  woman  in  this  country, 
whether  agreeing  with  her  theories  or  not  I  think  it  but  fair  and  courteous 
to  her  that  the  secretary  be  instructed  to  answer  that  letter,  and  to  inform 
Miss  Anthony  that  this  is  a  body  of  business  men;  that  we  meet  for  busi- 
ness purposes  and  not  for  politics.  Furthermore,  that  she  is  mistaken  and 
misinformed  so  far  as  her  statement  is  concerned  that  we  have  passed  resolu- 
tions opposing  woman  suffrage.  We  have  never  taken  such  action  at  any  of 
our  conventions  or  on  any  other  occasion.    I  submit  this  as  a  motion." 

The  motion  was  unanimously  adopted,  and  that  part  of  Mr.  Obermann's  re- 
marks which  related  to  the  respect  due  Miss  Anthony  was  loudly  and  en- 
thusiastically applauded.  To  the  sentiment  thus  expressed,  permit  me,  dear 
Miss  Anthony,  to  add  personally  the  assurance  of  my  highest  esteem.^ 

"Among  the  results  of  the  work  with  State  conventions  it  may 
be  mentioned  that  the  Georgia  Federation  of  Labor,  the  Minne- 

^  Possibly  Mr.  Obermann  may  have  believed  his  statement  to  be  correct,  but  the  national 
association,  (notably  at  Milwaukee),  and  various  State  associations  had  passed  resolu- 
tions against  woman  suffrage.  Action  taken  in  California  will  be  found  on  page  886  of 
this  Biography.  In  the  Oregon  campaign  of  1906  the  State  Brewers*  Association  sent  out 
official  circulars  urging  all  dealers  to  work  and  vote  against  the  woman  suffrage  amend- 
ment    Numerous  other  instances  might  be  given. 


1236  LIFE   AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.    ANTHONY.  [ipOl] 

sota  Federation  of  Labor,  the  State  Teachers'  Association  of 
Washington  and  the  New  York  State  Grange  signed  the  peti- 
tions and  passed  the  resolutions. 

"As  another  branch  of  the  work,  copies  of  these  two  petitions 
were  sent  to  each  of  the  forty-five  States  and  three  Territories, 
with  letters  asking  the  suffrage  presidents,  where  associations 
existed,  (and  prominent  individuals  in  the  few  States  where  they 
did  not),  to  make  two  copies  of  each  petition  on  their  own  official 
paper,  sign  them  on  behalf  of  the  suffragists  of  the  State,  and 
return  them  to  me  to  be  sent  to  the  members  of  Congress  from 
their  respective  districts.  This  was  done  almost  without  excep- 
tion and  these  petitions  were  presented  by  various  members,  one 
copy  in  the  Senate  and  one  in  the  House.  Of  all  the  State  peti- 
tions, the  most  interesting  was  that  of  Wyoming,  which,  in  de- 
fault of  a  suffrage  association,  (none  being  needed),  was  signed 
by  every  State  officer  from  the  Governor  down,  by  several  United 
States  officials,  and  by  many  of  the  most  influential  men  and 
women.  With  it  came  a  letter  from  the  wife  of  ex-U.  S.  Senator 
Joseph  M.  Carey,  who  collected  these  names,  saying  the  number 
was  limited  only  by  the  brief  space  of  time  allowed. 

"In  all,  more  than  two  hundred  petitions  for  woman  suffrage 
from  various  associations  were  thus  sent  to  Congress  in  1900, 
representing  millions  of  individuals.  Many  cordial  responses 
were  received  from  members,  and  promises  of  assistance  should 
the  question  come  before  Congress,  but  there  is  no  record  of  the 
slightest  attempt  by  any  member  to  bring  it  before  that  body. 

"In  doing  this  work  I  wrote  fully  a  thousand  letters  to  associa- 
tions and  individuals,  in  all  of  which  I  placed  some  of  our  best 
printed  literature.  There  was  a  thorough  stirring  up  of  public 
sentiment  which  must  have  definite  results  in  time,  for  it  should 
not  be  forgotten  that  in  addressing  conventions  we  appeal  to  the 
chosen  leaders  of  thought  and  work  from  many  cities  and  States, 
and  so  set  in  motion  an  ever- widening  circle  of  agitation  in  count- 
less localities." 

Miss  Anthony  not  only  gave  practically  all  of  her  time  and 
effort  to  the  work  of  the  National  Association,  but  every  year  she 


i««c:7  «>.    ^Kt. 


MISS  ANTHONY  MAKING  AN  UNANSWERABLE  ARGUMENT. 


[igoi]        MISS  Anthony's  work  in  conventions.  1237 

contributed  at  least  $100  in  cash,  taken  usually  from  money  which 
friends  had  given  her  for  personal  use,  and  she  never  received  a 
dollar  of  salary  during  her  thirty-seven  years'  official  connection 
with  this  body.  It  always  distressed  her,  however,  to  see  others 
working  without  compensation  and  it  had  long  been  her  wish  that 
the  association  might  afford  to  pay  at  least  small  salaries  to  the 
other  national  officers  who  worked  so  hard  and  continuously  year 
after  year.  The  one  who  had  served  longest,  Mrs.  Rachel  Foster 
Avery,  was  now  to  sever  her  connection  with  the  board.  For 
twenty-one  years  she  had  rendered  most  devoted  and  efficient 
service  as  corresponding  secretary  and  had  besides  contributed 
large  sums  of  money.  Throughout  this  period,  Miss  Anthony 
often  said  of  her,  "She  is  not  only  one  of  the  most  lovable  but 
also  one  of  the  most  capable  and  level-headed  young  women  we 
have  in  our  ranks  today,  and  all  her  words  and  actions  are  based 
on  justice,  right  and  truth."  She  respected  Mrs.  Avery's  wish 
to  retire  from  the  office  in  order  to  devote  her  time  for  awhile  to 
her  young  daughters,  and  she  desired  that  the  association  should 
give  her  some  substantial  mark  of  appreciation.  During  the 
weeks  preceding  the  convention  she  had  quietly  circulated  some 
letters  to  this  effect  and  at  one  of  its  morning  sessions,  after  a 
resolution  of  thanks  to  Mrs.  Avery  had  been  adopted,  she  came 
forward  and  said :  "I  have  in  my  hand  a  thousand  dollars  for 
Rachel  Foster  Avery.  It  has  been  contributed  without  her  knowl- 
edge by  about  four  hundred  different  persons — most  of  you  are  in 
the  list.  I  asked  for  this  testimonial  because  I  felt  that  you  would 
all  rejoice  to  show  your  appreciation  of  her  long  and  faithful 
service  and  her  great  liberality  to  our  cause.  I  should  never  have 
been  able  so  easi!y  to  carry  on  the  work  as  president  for  these 
many  years  if  it  had  not  been  for  her  able  co-operation."  The  gift 
was  accepted  by  Mrs.  Avery  in  a  few  graceful  words  and  amid 
much  applause.  Miss  Kate  M.  Gordon  was  elected  secretary. 

The  Executive  Committee  passed  a  strong  resolution  against 
the  adoption  of  the  European  system  of  State-regulated  vice  in 
the  new  possessions  of  the  United  States — Hawaii  and  the  Phil- 
ippines— ^as  was  now  threatened.  Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Shaw 
were  appointed  to  carry  this  protest  to  the  convention  of  the 


1238  LIFE  AND   WORK  OF   SUSAN   B.   ANTHONY,  [iQOl] 

American  Medical  Association  then  in  session  in  Minneapolis, 
which  was  reported  to  favor  State  regulation,  and  they  did  so, 
accompanied  by  a  number  of  the  delegates.  When  Miss  Anthony 
was  presented  the  entire  convention  rose  and  received  her  with 
much  cordiality.  She  said  in  part:  "It  is  with  great  fear  and 
trepidation  that  I  come  before  you  this  morning  to  speak  on  a 
question  that  is  very  near  to  the  hearts  of  all  true  women.  I  pre- 
sume some  of  you  are  in  favor,  and  I  hope  many  of  you  are  op- 
posed, to  the  system  of  regulating  vice  that  evidently  has  been 
adopted  in  Manila.  You  may  say  that  so  long  as  the  soldiers 
cannot  be  prevented  from  vice  it  should  be  made  safe  for  them. 
I  say  in  reply  that  the  mothers  of  this  country  would  rather  their 
sons  did  not  come  home  at  all  from  service  than  to  have  them 
come  in  dishonor ;  better  death  than  ruin.  •  .  .  To  treat  thus 
even  degraded  women  lowers  respect  for  all  women.  ...  I 
will  not  say  more — it  is  not  my  habit  to  speak  on  an3rthing  except 
my  right  to  say  yea  or  nay  on  all  public  questions." 

Miss  Shaw  followed  with  a  dignified  argument  showing  the 
effect  of  licensing  this  evil  in  other  countries,  and  asking,  "Is  this 
the  way  to  carry  Christianity  and  civilization  into  our  new  posses- 
sions, to  implant  in  them  a  discredited  system  from  the  Old 
World?"  Sergeant-Major  Louis  Livingston  Seaman,  of  New 
York,  broke  in  with  an  irrelevant  declaration  that  since  the  Post 
Canteen  had  been  abolished  contagious  diseases  had  doubled, 
called  the  women  "misguided  enthusiasts,"  and  threw  the  con- 
vention into  an  uproar.  Miss  Anthony  was  much  agitated  and 
begged  to  be  allowed  to  reply  to  him,  but  the  president  stopped 
all  discussion  by  calling  for  the  order  of  business,  and  no  action 
whatever  was  taken  on  the  question.  There  was  no  doubt  that  a 
part  of  these  physicians  were  in  favor  of  licensing  the  social  evil, 
and  the  delegates  returned  to  their  own  convention  more  than  ever 
impressed  with  the  uselessness  of  hoping  to  effect  any  great  moral 
reforms  until  women  possessed  political  power. 

The  Journal  said  of  the  final  session :  "The  meeting  last  even- 
ing at  the  First  Baptist  Church  was  a  fitting  close  for  an  inspiring 
and  valuable  convention.  The  church  was  packed,  many  standing 
the  whole  evening.    While  the  entire  program  was  much  appre- 


[1901]        MISS  Anthony's  work  in  conventions.  1239 

ciated,  there  was  a  special  interest  in  the  speeches  of  the  venerable 
leader.  Miss  Anthony,  who  recently  laid  aside  the  responsibility 
of  the  work,  and  the  brilliant  young  woman  who  shouldered  it, 
Mrs.  Carrie  Chapman  Catt.  When  Miss  Anthony  came  forward 
to  say  farewell  the  audience  rose  and  stood  to  express  its  admira- 
tion and  respect." 

A  week  was  spent  by  Miss  Anthony  in  the  pleasant  home  of  her 
cousin,  Mrs.  Hannah  D.  Boyle,  on  Lake  Geneva,  and  here  she  en- 
joyed greatly  the  trips  on  the  lake  and  the  long  drives  over  the 
beautiful,  rolling  country.  Finally  she  started  eastward  with  her 
sister  Mary,  and  June  30,  after  five  weeks'  absence,  they  arrived 
at  their  own  dear  home,  which  they  always- declared  was  the  most 
comfortable  spot  they  ever  found  in  hot  weather. 

Miss  Anthony  remained  quietly  at  home  the  rest  of  the  sum- 
mer, occasionally  visiting  or  entertaining  her  oldest  and  dearest 
friends  in  Rochester  and  keeping  in  touch  with  the  outside  world 
through  her  voluminous  correspondence.  The  Universalist  Con- 
vention met  in  the  city  and  the  Democrat  and  Chronicle  of  July  12 
said: 

Susan  B.  Anthony's  name  was  not  on  the  program,  but,  true  to  a  promise 
made  the  night  before,  that  the  convention  should  hear  the  great  advocate  of 
equal  rights,  she  occupied  a  seat  on  the  rostrum.  She  made  one  of  her  strong 
pleas  for  suffrage  which  was  witty  and  trenchant,  very  much  like  the  Miss 
Anthony  of  old,  and,  though  her  voice  lacked  somewhat  of  its  usual  strength, 
her  arguments  were  as  logical  as  ever.  She  was  greeted  by  the  Chautauqua 
salute,  the  large  audience  rising  as  she  approached  the  speaker's  desk.  "I 
have  been  thinking  as  I  sat  here,"  she  said,  "of  three  other  great  conventions 
which  are  being  held  tonight — the  Christian  Endeavor  Society  at  Cincinnati, 
the  Epworth  League  at  Los  Angeles,  and  the  National  Teachers'  at  Detroit 
Who  are  the  people  composing  these  associations?  They  are — ^the  vast  pro- 
portion of  them— disfranchised  citizens  and  as  such  they  have  small  influence 
over  public  conditions.  If  all  these  women  held  in  their  hands  the  ballot, 
what  an  immense  force  for  good  they  would  be  and  what  tremendous  reforms 
they  could  accomplish!  But  the  demands  of  women  are  not  heard  because 
there  is  no  political  influence  behind  them. 

"I  want  you  women  to  realize  what  a  power  you  might  be  if  you  were  en- 
franchised. Women  constitute  three-fourths  of  the  church  membership  and 
for  that  reason  ministers  have  small  influence  in  politics.  The  Catholic  priest- 
hood commands  considerable  respect  from  politicians  because  of  the  large 
number  of  men  in  its  congregations,  but  the  Protestant  ministers  are  not  re- 
spected by  them  any  more  than  are  the  women  who  compose  their  congrega- 
Ant.  Ill— 9 


I240  LIFE   AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.   ANTHONY.  [iQOl] 

tions.  The  same  is  true  of  the  schools — ^three-fourths  of  the  teachers  women 
— and  thus  churches,  schools  and  homes  all  are  practically  disfranchised." 

Miss  Anthony  then  earnestly  criticized  the  fact  that  no  women  speakers 
were  on  the  evening  programs  of  this  convention  and  none  invited  to  the 
platform,  saying,  "I  resent  this  from  the  bottom  of  my  heart,  and  I  demand 
of  you  to  practice  what  you  preach — universalism !"  In  closing  she  called 
for  a  vote  of  those  for  and  against  woman  suffrage  and  the  former  were 
largely  in  the  majority,  there  being  a  few  weak  **noes"  from  the  men.  At 
this  she  said,  "They  tell  us  women  can  have  the  suffrage  whenever  they  ask 
for  it,  but  I  notice  that  the  voices  which  proclaimed  against  it  all  were  men's." 

During  the  summer  the  McClure  Ssmdicate  brought  out  a  series 
of  five  articles  signed  by  Miss  Anthony  entitled,  The  Ideal  Hus- 
band, What  I  would  Have  Done  with  a  Bad  Husband,  How  to 
Train  a  Husband,  Marriages  that  Fail,  Man's  Wrongs.  The 
topics  were  assigned  and  at  first  she  declared  that  she  would  not 
waste  a  minute  considering  them.  When  finally  prepared,  how- 
ever, they  were  published  with  big  headlines  by  newspapers  in  all 
the  large  cities  and  attracted  much  attention  and  wide  comment, 
some  of  the  latter  of  the  most  amusing  character.  Many  of  the 
editorials  declared  that  Miss  Anthony's  ideas  on  these  subjects 
had  no  weight  because  she  never  had  been  married.  They  failed 
to  see  that  this  position  if  carried  to  its  logical  conclusion  would 
bar  the  great  editors  from  expressing  their  valuable  opinions  pn 
any  question  of  which  they  had  not  a  knowledge  through  personal 
J  experience. 

/       A  Conference  of  the  National  Suffrage  Association  was  held 
i    in  Buffalo  September  9  and  10,  during  the  Pan-American  Expo- 
^    sition,  followed  by  a  three-days'  session  of  the  National  Council 
of  Women.    Miss  Anthony  was  in  constant  attendance  on  both 
and  spoke  several  times,  but  the  assassination  and  death  of  Presi- 
dent McKinley  just  at  this  time  so  saddened  all  hearts  that  neither 
V  speakers  nor  audiences  could  feel  the  usual  interest  in  the  meet- 
ings.   Miss  Anthony  was  a  devoted  admirer  of  the  President  and 
for  days  every  entry  in  her  journal  had  some  reference  to  the 
great  calamity.    On  the  day  of  the  funeral  she  went  to  the  Brick 
Presbyterian  Church  in  Rochester  to  hear  its  minister,  the  Rev. 
Dr.  W.  R.  Taylor,  preach  on  Anarchistic  Manifestations  of  the 
Present  Day,  and  the  journal  that  night  said :    "It  was  a  splendid 


[1901]        MISS  Anthony's  work  in  conventions.  1241 

address  but  he  did  not  mention  the  lynching  of  negroes,  the 
cruelest  and  worst  manifestation  of  all.  I  waited  and  told  him  so. 
It  seemed  a  pity  to  make  a  criticism  but  the  mistake  was  too  great 
not  to  call  his  attention  to  it !" 

Miss  Anthony  had  long  promised  Miss  Sarah  J.  Eddy  a  visit 
to  her  summer  home  at  Bristol  Ferry,  R.  L,  to  sit  for  her  portrait 
but  the  years  had  been  too  full  of  work.  Now  the  time  seemed 
opportune,  the  hot  weather  was  over  and  three  months  at  home 
had  given  her  a  taste  for  a  little  journey.  She  started  on  the  last 
day  of  September  and  stopped  for  a  few  days  at  the  old  Anthony 
homestead  to  visit  the  relatives  in  and  around  North  Adams, 
Mass. ;  then  went  to  Boston  and  on  down  to  Bristol  Ferry  where 
she  met  a  cordial  welcome.  Miss  Eddy  was  very  dear  to  her  as 
the  granddaughter  of  her  old  friend  of  the  Anti-Slavery  Society, 
Francis  Jackson,  and  daughter  of  Mrs.  Eliza  Jackson  Eddy,  who 
in  years  gone  by  had  left  her  a  legacy  of  $24,000,  and  she  loved 
the  daughter  also  for  her  own  fine  and  generous  character.  In  this 
restful  home  with  its  beautiful  environment,  Miss  Anthony  re- 
mained three-and-a-half  weeks,  a  very  long  visit  for  her  to  make. 
Part  of  each  morning  was  given  to  a  sitting  for  the  bust  portrait 
and  the  large  picture  showing  Miss  Anthony  at  her  eightieth 
birthday  celebration  with  the  children  laying  roses  in  her  lap.  In 
a  letter  to  her  sister  she  said : 

This  is  a  cool,  clear  Sunday  morning,  calm  and  still  after  a  gale  last  night 
I  wish  you  could  see  the  magnificent  view,  ocean  and  islands,  hills  and  autumn 
foliage.  It  doesn't  seem  right  for  me  to  be  enjoying  it  without  you,  and 
Miss  Eddy  wants  you  to  come.  We  have  two  guests  in  the  house  now — Mrs. 
Mary  H.  Hunt,  just  from  the  New  York  State  W.  C.  T.  U.  Convention,  and 
Mrs.  Mary  F.  Lovell  from  that  of  the  Ami- Vivisection  Society.  I  was  out 
driving  yesterday  with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bolton,  the  next  door  neighbors,  and 
they  wanted  me  to  go  home  to  dinner  with  them,  saying  a  slice  of  good  roast 
beef  would  do  me  good — Miss  Eddy  is  a  strict  vegetarian,  you  know — ^but  I 
preferred  to  dine  here.  Such  a  good  dinner  as  it  was — ^first,  dried  pea-soup 
made  with  milk,  and  then,  lo,  and  behold,  slices  of  fine  roast  beef  sent  in  by 
the  Boltons  "for  Miss  Eddy's  cannibal  friends;" — baked  white  and  sweet 
potatoes,  fresh  string  beans  and  sweet  com  that  was  really  sweet,  with  baked 
apples  and  cream  for  a  delicious  dessert. 

Every  afternoon  I  have  the  most  refreshing  sleep  and  when  I  wake  the 
slanting  rays  of  the  sun  are  shining  on  Narragansett  Bay  and  from  all  the 
five  windows  of  my  big  room  is  the  most  glorious  view  imaginable.  We  have 


1242  LIFE   AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.    ANTHONY.  [19OI] 

delightful  drives  over  the  old  stone  bridge  that  connects  us  with  the  main- 
land, to  Tiverton  and  along  the  shores  of  Sconset  River,  which  is  really  an 
arm  of  the  ocean,  and  here  we  can  see  the  whole  length  of  the  island  with 
Newport  in  its  beauty  on  the  coast.  It  is  ten  miles  away  and  wc  went  by 
train  one  day,  took  the  famous  ocean  drive  and  passed  the  palaces  of  the 
nabobs.  I  went  in  the  carriage  one  afternoon  to  call  on  Julia  Ward  Howe, 
whose  summer  home  is  six  miles  from  here;  she  was  charming  and  I  had 
an  interesting  time. 

In  another  letter  Miss  Anthony  wrote : 

Two  most  agreeable  days  were  spent  with  Anna  Garlin  Spencer  in  Provi- 
dence. She  lives  in  the  old  Eddy  mansion  and  such  big,  handsome  rooms  I 
scarcely  ever  saw  in  a  private  house.  I  went  with  her  one  afternoon  to  the 
Woman's  Club  and  heard  Dr.  Faunce,  president  of  Brown  University,  speak 
on  The  Modem  Uses  of  the  Bible.  He  was  most  liberal  in  his  views,  said  he 
did  not  doubt  but  Christ  himself  was  influenced  by  the  customs  and  opinions 
of  his  times.  I  enjoyed  it  very  much  but  when  he  closed,  to  my  dismay,  the 
president  of  the  club  said  they  had  one  present — and  then  she  gave  me  a 
great  eulogy  and  asked  me  to  speak  to  them.  I  was  so  taken  by  surprise  that 
I  flatly  refused,  but  Mrs.  Spencer  whispered,  "You  must  at  least  stand  up 
and  make  your  bow."  This  I  did  but  it  was  of  no  use — ^they  would  have  me 
go  to  the  platform.  Finally  I  pulled  off  my  bonnet  and  walked  up  and  said 
a  few  words,  but  I  was  dreadfully  upset,  as  I  had  felt  that  here  was  one  place 
where  I  could  go  and  not  be  dragged  out.  I  didn't  do  myself  justice  because 
I  was  thinking  of  myself  all  the  time.  I  agonized  over  my  failure  the  rest 
of  the  day  and  most  of  the  night,  but  felt  a  little  better  when  I  saw  the  report 
in  the  morning  paper — ^whoever  wrote  it  was  very  kind.  I  must  give  up  going 
anywhere  henceforth  or  else  expect  to  make  a  goose  of  myself— -but  then  I 
was  always  uncertain  of  my  performance,  and  when  I  had  a  whole  evening 
before  me  it  was  somtimes  awful  to  stagger  through  it. 

The  dean  of  Pembroke  Hall,  Miss  Anna  Crosby  Emery,  invited  me  to  come 
Thursday  morning  and  talk  to  the  girls  of  that  college,  which  is  affiliated  with 
the  university.  The  professors  go  over  there  and  repeat  all  their  lectures 
to  the  girls  and  then  the  latter  go  to  the  university  for  the  laboratory  work, 
etc.  As  I  knew  beforehand  that  I  was  to  speak  I  got  through  a  little  better 
than  the  day  before.  I  told  them  the  story  of  opening  Rochester  University 
to  girls  and  said  I  had  heard  that  this  year  the  lectures  on  ethics  were  going 
to  be  delivered  to  the  boys  and  girls  separately,  but  why  matters  of  ethics 
were  not  the  same  for  both  I  couldn't  see.  "But,"  I  said,  "I  suppose  the  girls 
at  Pembroke  Hall  must  make  the  best  of  the  opportunities  they  have  and 
keep  on  hoping  that  by-and-by  old  Brown  will  open  wide  its  doors  and  give 
them  equal  chances  with  the  boys."  They  clapped  heartily  at  this,  but  some 
one  told  me  afterwards  that  the  dean  looked  rather  serious. 

I  went  through  the  university,  State  House  and  public  library;  to  the  Histor- 
ical Museum  to  see  the  fine  bust  of  Paulina  Wright  Davis  and  to  the  Academy 
of  Science  to  look  at  the  full-length  portrait  of  Frederick  Douglass,  painted  by 


[igoi]        MISS  Anthony's  work  in  conventions.  1243 

Miss  Eddy.    We  had  gone  to  Providence  by  electric  car  but  we  returned  by 
boat  and  had  a  most  enjoyable  sail  up  the  bay  to  Bristol  Ferry. 

Miss  Anthony  started  homeward  October  24  and  stopped  at 
Oswego,  N.  Y.,  to  attend  the  State  Suffrage  Convention. 

Many  writers  came  to  Rochester  these  days  to  get  interviews 
with  Miss  Anthony  and  make  sketches  of  her  and  her  surround- 
ings for  their  papers  and  magazines.  Among  them  was  Richard 
Lloyd  Jones,  who  prepared  for  The  Pilgrim  an  appreciative  and 
finely-illustrated  article  in  which  he  said : 

Miss  Anthony  has  been  characterized  as  a  woman  of  one  idea,  a  single 
theme— an  advocate  of  a  hobby.  A  reformer's  life  is  full  of  misrepresenta- 
tions and  it  is  the  careless  public  that  has  been  narrow  in  its  perspective  view 
of  things — ^not  the  brave,  good  woman  who  has  borne  with  cheerful  hope  and 
courage  the  onslaught  of  bitter  words  and  hatred.  She  has  only  known  the 
wholesome,  righteous  discontent  that  speaks  for  progress,  peace  and  justice. 
Through  her  work  for  temperance  and  emancipation  she  was  led  directly  to 
enfranchisement  and  in  that  she  saw  the  solution  of  many  existing  wrongs. 
In  the  evolution  of  her  great  life-purpose  it  was  the  logical  end.  And  so  the 
many-sided  woman — the  woman  with  broad  views— concentrated  her  her- 
culean energy  and  power  into  that  single  channel  which,  to  her  best  judgment, 
would  lead  to  the  greatest  good.  .  .  .  Her  life,  her  soul,  her  conscience 
and  her  brain  have  been  given  in  priceless  service  to  the  world,  but  her  heart 
has  never  left  the  home. 

The  writer  of  a  long,  interesting  article  in  the  Montreal  (Can.) 
Daily  Herald,  (only  her  initials  signed  to  it) ,  spoke  thus  of  going 
into  the  attic  work  rooms  where  the  Biography  was  written :  "It 
was  peaceful  and  still  up  there.  The  sun  flickered  through  the 
trees  into  the  windows  and  lay  upon  the  old  volumes  neatly  piled. 
They  recorded  fifty  years  of  fighting  against  injustice;  fifty  years 
of  working  for  equal  rights ;  fifty  years  of  constancy  of  purpose. 
Miss  Anthony  showed  us  a  copy  of  her  biography.  'After  I  am 
gone,'  she  said,  *Mrs.  Harper  will  only  have  to  add  one  little 
chapter  and  the  story  will  be  finished.'  " 


CHAPTER  LX. 

INTERNATIONAL   SUFFRAGE — MEDALLION    FOR   BRYN    MAWR. 

1902. 

^HE  entry  in  the  diary  for  January  i,  1902,  men- 
tioned those  composing  the  household  at  that  time 
and  said,  "All  at  work," — Miss  Anthony's  ideal 
state  for  everybody.  Her  niece,  Lucy  E.  Anthony, 
who  had  been  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw's  pri- 
vate secretary  for  thirteen  years,  was  spending  a  month  here  while 
Miss  Shaw  made  a  trip  to  the  West  Indies,  and  her  visits  always 
were  a  season  of  much  pleasure  and  comfort.  The  first  break  in 
the  even  tenor  of  the  winter  was  made  on  February  8,  when  Miss 
/Anthony  went  to  Washington.  She  started  in  the  midst  of  a 
'terrific  storm,  reaching  her  destination  at  ten  in  the  evening  in- 
stead of  seven.  In  a  letter  to  her  sister  she  said :  "I  had  to  wait 
in  the  Rochester  station  two  hours  and  the  men  there  begged  me 
to  go  back  home  and  remain  until  the  road  was  cleared,  but  I 
just  kept  staying  on  and  finally  the  train  rolled  in  loaded  with 
snow.  We  crept  along  with  the  snow  plow  in  front  of  us  for 
hours,  but  at  last,  for  some  reason,  had  to  get  out  at  Williams- 
port  and  wait  for  another  train."  The  eighty-two-year-old  lady 
did  not  mind  these  things,  however,  for  she  was  going  to  her 
loved  city,  her  dear  comrades  and  the  annual  meeting  which  was 
the  most  enjoyable  event  of  every  year.  The  convention  was 
held  in  the  old  First  Presbyterian  Church  on  Four-and-a-half 
Street,  whose  pastor  for  many  years  was  the  Rev.  Byron  Sun- 
derland, the  inveterate  foe  of  woman  suffrage,  but  he  had  been 
succeeded  by  the  Rev.  T.  DeWitt  Talmage,  its  strong  advocate. 
Especial  value  was  attached  to  this  meeting  because  of  the  at- 

(1244) 


[1902]  INTERNATIONAL   SUFFRAGE.  1 245 

tendance  of  many  foreign  delegates.  The  Washington  Post 
said:  "More  than  a  thousand  visitors  were  present  yesterday 
afternoon  at  the  first  session  of  the  Thirty-fourth  Annual  Con- 
vention of  the  National  Suffrage  Association  and  the  first  Inter- 
national Woman  Suffrage  Conference.  Perhaps  no  other  meet- 
ing of  its  kind  has  ever  occasioned  as  much  interest  on  the  part 
of  Washington  women  generally.  The  large  audience  room 
was  packed  to  the  doors.  ...  It  has  been  arranged  to  hold 
overflow  meetings  in  the  church  parlors/'  The  greetings  to  the 
foreign  guests  were  given  by  Mrs.  May  Wright  Sewall,  president 
International  Council  of  Women;  Miss  Clara  Barton,  president 
International  Red  Cross  Association;  Miss  Anthony,  honorary- 
president,  and  Miss  Shaw,  vice-president-at-large  of  the  National 
American  Suffrage  Association;  the  response  was  made  by  the 
gifted  Madame  Sof ja  Levovna  Friedland,  of  Russia,  and  this 
was  followed  by  the  fine  address  of  the  president,  Mrs.  Carrie 
Chapman  Catt. 

Miss  Anthony  presided  over  the  Evening  with  Pioneers,  and 
as  she  came  forward  she  was  presented  with  a  large  bouquet  of 
red  roses  by  the  Loyal  Legion  of  Women  of  Washington.    Over 
forty  of  the  early  workers  in  the  cause  were  seated  on  the 
platform.    The  Battle  Hymn  of  the  Republic,  written  by  a  vet- 
eran, Mrs.  Julia  Ward  Howe,  was  sung  by  another,  John  Hutch- 
inson.   Greetings  from  a  pioneer  in  Great  Britain,  Mrs.  Priscilla 
Bright  McLaren,   were  presented  by  Mrs.   Florence  Fenwick 
Miller,  of  London.     Mrs.  Clara  Bewick  Colby  read  Mrs.  Stan- 
ton's scholarly  address  on  Educated  Suffrage,  written  in  her 
eighty-seventh  year.     Miss  Anthony  did  not  agree  with  the 
/changed  position  of  her  old  friend,  that  there  should  be  an  edu- 
/  cational  qualification  for  the  franchise,  but  she  took  care  that  it 
'.  should  have  the  place  of  honor  on  the  program  and  it  had  many 
I  strong  supporters  in  the  audience.     This  proved  to  be  Mrs. 
'  Stanton's  last  message  to  the  association  of  which  she  was  presi- 
dent almost  continuously  for  nearly  a  quarter-of-a-century,  and 
whose  platform  she  had  graced  by  her  noble  presence  and  digni- 
fied by  her  eloquent  oratory. 

It  can  be  said  without  fear  of  contradiction  that  the  National 


1246  LIFE   AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.    ANTHONY.  [19O2] 

Suffrage  Conventions  will  go  down  in  history  as  the  most  nota- 
ble held  by  women  during  the  present  age,  excepting,  of  course, 
those  of  an  international  nature.  The  lofty  character  of  their 
demands,  the  courage,  ability  and  earnestness  of  their  speakers, 
the  imswerving  fidelity  to  one  central  idea,  give  them  a  dom- 
inating position  which  they  will  hold  for  all  time.  The  present 
writer  said  of  them  in  a  press  article: 

These  conventions  are  pervaded  by  a  remarkable  spirit  of  democracy  and 
fraternity.  Those  who  come  to  scoff  remain — ^not  to  pray  but  to  have  a  good 
time.  The  reporters  are  all  converted  during  the  first  two  or  three  meetings 
and  become  members  of  the  family.  The  delegates  never  wait  for  an  intro- 
duction to  each  other;  all  have  come  together  on  the  same  mission  and  that 
is  a  sufficient  guarantee.  Nobody  can  remember  afterwards  what  her  neigh- 
bor wore  and  this  proves  that  all  were  well  dressed.  The  meetings  are  so 
systematic  and  business-like  that  one  never  feels  she  has  wasted  a  minute. 
If  points  of  serious  difference  arise  they  are  taken  up  and  settled  by  the 
Business  Committee,  out  of  sight  of  the  public,  but  in  all  matters  directly 
connected  with  the  association  every  delegate  has  a  voice  and  vote. 

These  are  trained  and  disciplined  women.  There  is  nothing  hysterical, 
nothing  fanatical  about  them.  They  are  animated  by  the  most  serious  and 
determined  purpose,  and,  in  order  to  effect  this,  all  sectarian  bias,  all  po- 
litical preference,  all  fads  and  hobbies  in  any  direction  are  rigidly  barred. 
Woman  suffrage — that  is  the  sole  object  The  offices  all  represent  hard  work 
and  no  salary,  therefore  no  unseemly  scramble  takes  place  to  secure  them, 
and  the  association  has  the  most  profound  confidence  in  its  National  Board. 
Every  dollar  subscribed  has  a  definite  channel  designated  for  its  expenditure, 
and  so  there  is  no  big  treasury  fund  to  quarrel  over.  There  is  always  a 
sufficient  number  of  experienced  members  to  hold  the  younger  and  more 
impulsive  recruits  in  check.  Being  one  of  the  oldest  women's  organizations 
in  existence  it  has  accumulated  a  large  store  of  wisdom  and  judgment.  Even 
where  people  disapprove  its  purposes  they  cannot  fail  to  respect  its  dignified, 
honest  and  orderly  methods. 

It  had  been  for  some  time  the  strong  desire  of  Mrs.  Chapman 
Catt  to  organize  an  International  Woman  Suffrage  Association 
and  in  this  she  was  warmly  seconded  by  Miss  Anthony,  as  it 

/  was  the  taking  up  again  of  the  attempt  made  by  Mrs.  Stanton 
and  herself  while  in  Europe  in  1883,  which  culminated  five  years 

,  later  in  the  founding  of  the  International  Council  of  Women. 
The  time  now  seemed  opportune  for  a  movement  toward  an 
organization  purely  for  suffrage  and  in  response  to  the  efforts  of 
the  past  year  ten  countries  were  represented  at  the  present  con- 


[1902]  INTERNATIONAL   SUFFRAGE.  124/ 

vention.    Several  business  conferences  were  held,  Miss  Anthony 
in  the  chair,  and  a  number  of  most  interesting  reports  were 
presented,  which  afterwards  were  published  in  a  pamphlet.    An 
I  International  Suffrage  Committee  was  formed  to  take  steps  to- 
\  ward  organization  and  report  at  the  time  of  the  International 
\  Council  meeting  in  Berlin  in  1904,  and  Miss  Anthony  was  made 
jchairman  of  this  committee,  with  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt  as  secre- 
tary. 

The  next  day  after  this  action  was  Miss  Anthony's  eighty- 
second  birthday  and  among  the  many  letters,  telegrams  and  tes- 
timonials was  the  following  read  by  Mrs.  Miller : 

To  Susan  B.  Anthony:  We,  the  undersigned,  Foreign  Delegates  to  the 
first  Interaational  Woman  Suffrage  Congress,  gladly  take  the  opportunity 
of  your  eighty-second  birthday  to  express  to  you  our  love  and  reverence,  our 
gratitude  for  your  life-long  work  for  woman,  and  we  arc  rejoicing  that  you 
have  lived  to  see  such  great  steps  onward  made  by  the  world  at  large  in  the 
direction  in  which  you  led  at  first  under  much  prejudice. 

Praying  that  you  may  enjoy  years  of  health,  cheered  by  ever  fresh  advance, 
we  remain  your  loving  friends,  Florence  Fen  wick  Miller,  England;  Sofja 
Levovna  Friedland,  Russia;  Carolina  Holman  Huidobro,  Chili;  Gudrun 
Drewson,  Norway;  Vida  Goldstein,  Australia;  Emmy  Evald,  Sweden;  An- 
tonie  StoUe,  Germany. 

Miss  Anthony  was  so  deeply  affected  she  could  scarcely  re- 
spond and  as  she  sank  into  her  seat  Miss  Shaw  came  quickly  to 
her  relief  and  in  touching  words  thanked  the  foreign  delegates 
for  the  appreciation  shown  to  the  great  leader  of  the  suffrage 
movement.  Then  turning  to  Miss  Anthony  she  said:  "You 
have  been  more  than  a  leader  to  us  of  your  own  country,  more 
than  a  teacher,  more  than  a  counselor — ^you  have  been  our  be- 
loved friend." 

Many  of  the  audience  were  in  tears  and  to  relieve  the  situation 
Mrs.  Catt  stepped  forward  and  said  she  felt  very  sure  Miss 
Anthony  would  consider  that  the  highest  appreciation  of  her 
services  could  be  shown  by  a  generous  contribution  to  the  work 
of  the  association.  The  delegates  fully  realized  this  and  in  a 
few  minutes  they  answered  with  subscriptions  of  over  $5,000. 
Miss  Anthony*s  friends  would  not  let  the  matter  rest  here,  how- 
ever, and  in  addition  to  many  personal  gifts  they  presented  her 


1248  LIFE  AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.    ANTHONY.  [19O2] 

with  over  $500  in  money.     In  the  afternoon  a  large  reception 
was  given  by  Mrs.  John  B.  Henderson,  and  the  next  day  a  din- 
ner to  which  all  of  the  officers  and  foreign  delegates  were  invited. 
During  these  days  Miss  Anthony  said  in  a  letter  to  the  present 
writer :   "I  wish  you  could  be  here  and  see  the  honors  I  receive, 
it  would  make  you  happy  and  be  something  for  you  to  remember. 
It  is  very  pleasant  to  be  so  kindly  spoken  to,  but — ^all  are  telling 
of  my  past  service,  all  knowing  that  my  work-days  are  no  more. 
Yes,  it  is  pleasant — ^but  sad  to  feel  it  is  true.    If  only  I  can  go  the 
rest  of  the  time  allotted  and  not  undo  the  things  I  have  done — ^not 
make  my  friends  wish  I  had  died  long  before — ^that  is  all  I  ask !" 
/    A  little  incident  which  occurred  at  this  convention  illustrated 
/  Miss  Anthony's  entire  lack  of  self-consciousness.    As  Mrs.  Catt 
I  was  escorting  her  up  the  aisle  one  day  after  the  session  had 
\  opened,  the  audience  burst  into  applause  and   Miss  Anthony 
\ whispered,  "I  wonder  what  they  are  clapping  about!" 

After  the  labors  of  the  convention  were  ended  Miss  Anthony 
went  for  a  ten  days'  visit  at  Belmont,  the  beautiful  Washington 
home  of  Mrs.  Julia  Langdon  Barber.  During  this  time  she  at- 
tended the  National  Council  of  Women,  the  Mothers'  Congress 
and  the  Congress  of  the  D.  A.  R.  Of  her  visit  to  the  last  the 
Washington  Star  said :  ^ 

About  this  time  it  was  discovered  that  Miss  Anthony  was  in  a  box  at  the 
side  of  the  stage.  As  though  one  person  the  congress  of  splendidly-gowned 
women  rose  and  cheered  the  famous  suffrage  leader.  The  president-general 
in  spontaneous  enthusiasm  snatched  from  her  table  a  wisp  of  lace  and  linen 
and  waved  it  toward  Miss  Anthony,  which  was  a  signal  for  others  and  in- 
stantly the  congress  looked  like  a  snow  storm.  "In  behalf  of  the  Continental 
Congress  of  the  Society  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution,"  said 
Mrs.  Fairbanks,  "it  gives  me  great  pleasure  this  evening  to  greet  ^iss  An- 
thony, the  honored  guest  at  any  gathering  and  the  great  emancipator  of 
women." 

Miss  Anthony,  looking  stately  and  patrician,  rose  and  bowed  smilingly  to 
the  president-general  and  then  to  the  congress.  "I  wonder,"  said  one  enthusi- 
astic delegate,  as  she  wiped  away  her  fast  coming  tears,  "if  that  blessed 
woman  who  has  made  congresses  like  ours  possible  ever  recalls  how  long, 
how  drearily  long,  she  has  waited  for  this  recognition.  Isn't  it  glorious?** 

A  little  later  after  many  calls  for  Miss  Anthony,  the  president-general  ap- 
pointed Mrs.  Mary  S.  Lockwood  and  Mrs.  Miranda  Tulloch  to  escort  her  to 
the  platform,  where  she  was  again  greeted  by  an  ovation  that  must  have 
touched  her,  for  it  contmued  two  or  three  minutes  until  she  had  been  intro- 


I 


[1902]  INTERNATIONAL   SUFFRAGE.  I249 

duced  to  the  officers  and  had  turned  to  greet  the  congress,  which  filled  almost 
every  seat  in  the  theater.  Miss  Anthony  saw  an  improvement  in  more  than 
the  methods  of  doing  business  in  this  congress.  Two  years  ago,  though 
descendant  of  a  line  of  illustrious  revolutionary  heroes,  her  appearance  upon 
the  same  platform  was  questioned,  and  the  Star  reported  then  the  cool  treat- 
ment accorded  by  many  there  who  "did  not  want  to  get  mixed  up  with  the 
suffrage  movement."  Saturday  night  she  was  welcomed  when  she  entered 
and  when  she  left  the  stage  as  a  queen  might  be  cheered  by  her  loving  sub- 
jects. If  Miss  Anthony  never  again  visits  the  national  capital,  as  she  has 
several  times  in  the  last  week  hinted,  her  declining  days  will  certainly  be 
brightened  by  the  respect  and  admiration  accorded  her.  "All  things  come 
to  him  who  waits,"  and  she  has  waited  nearly  fifty  years  to  see  scoffing  and 
jeers  turned  into  tributes  and  cheers. 


The  difference  in  the  reception  to  Miss  Anthony  now  and  two 
years  ago  was  not  due  to  a  change  in  the  sentiments  of  the  con- 
gress but  to  a  change  in  presidents.  When  Mrs.  Charles  W. 
Fairbanks  turned  to  the  box  as  Miss  Anthony  entered  and  wav- 
ing her  handkerchief  exclaimed,  "Behold  the  emancipator  of 
woman!'*  the  delegates  felt  that  they  were  at  liberty  to  show 
enthusiastic  appreciation  and  they  manifested  their  real  feelings. 
Two  years  before  they  waited  for  a  permission  which  they  did 
not  get. 

On  the  last  day  of  February  Miss  Anthony  went  to  Philadel- 
phia with  her  niece,  Mrs.  Helen  Louise  James.  "I  was  an)rthing 
but  well,"  the  journal  said,  "and  was  glad  indeed  to  get  the 
*home  feeling'  in  Louise's  pretty  house."  She  did  not  go  there 
j  any  too  soon,  for  the  next  day  she  was  unable  to  leave  her  bed 

I  and  she  continued  seriously  ill  with  pneumonia  for  three  weeks. 
She  had  a  trained  nurse,  the  most  devoted  care  from  her  niece 
and  all  the  comforts  of  a  well-ordered  household  and  yet  she  often 
longed  for  the  little  bed-room  at  home,  her  own  trusted  physician 
and  the  gentle  ministrations  of  Sister  Mary. 

But  at  last  it  was  all  over  and  when  she  could  sit  up  and  hold 
a  pen,  then  indeed  she  was  happy  and  her  sister  received  a  letter 
every  day.  In  the  first  of  them  she  said:  "How  I  did  enjoy 
Mrs.  Harper's  letter  telling  of  all  the  hard  work  done  and  yet  to 
be  done  I"  And  in  another:  "I  am  so  sorry  I  was  not  at  home 
when  Mrs.  Swift  was  there.  I  do  hope  you  put  the  rose  blankets 
on  the  bed  and  the  nicest  spread  and  gave  her  ever3rthing  of  the 


1250  LIFE   AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.   ANTHONY.  [19O2] 

very  best."  There  was  no  end  of  directions  in  regard  to  sending 
suffrage  literature  to  all  the  points  of  the  compass  and  seeing 
that  every  letter  which  came  was  answered.  Her  sister  had  been 
confined  to  the  house  for  some  time  with  a  broken  wrist  and  Miss 
Anthony  felt  very  anxious  about  it.  To  her  secretary  and  com- 
panion, Miss  Anna  E.  Dann,  the  mainstay  of  the  house,  she  wrote 
often :  "Don't  fail  to  do  everything  possible  for  Sister  Mary ; 
comb  her  hair  and  help  her  dress  and  look  after  her  constantly. 
Do  all  you  can  to  help  Mrs.  Harper  in  her  work  but  let  it  be 
Sister  Mary  first  and  always."  Again  and  again  she  spoke  of 
the  devoted  care  received  from  her  niece,  saying:  "Louise  has 
been  as  faithful  as  a  lover  for  the  past  three  months,  in  health 
and  in  sickness;  she  ha^  watched  my  every  need  and  supplied 
my  every  want.  How  much  I  see  in  her  of  her  mother — Sister 
Hannah!  Mr.  James  has  been  equally  kind;  approved  of  all  her 
attentions  and  done  all  he  could  himself.  Now  he  is  going  to 
take  us  both  to  Atlantic  City  for  two  weeks." 

They  went  to  this  healthful  seaside  resort  March  22,  staying 
at  Haddon  Hall.  On  April  i  Miss  Anthony  wrote  to  her  sister : 
"Tomorrow  is  your  seventy-fifth  birthday — ^how  old  we  grow! 
I  thought  our  mother  was  very  old  when  she  reached  seventy- 
five,  and  when  she  lived  on  to  eighty-two  I  wondered  if  I  should 
ever  be  so  old  as  that,  and  here  I  am!  I  hope  you  and  I  will 
stay  on  earth  just  as  long  as  we  keep  our  mental  faculties  and 
our  physical  strength;  when  they  are  gone  may  we  soon  pass 
over  the  river  of  death  into — ^we  know  not  what,  but  we  have 
faith  to  believe  that  then  all  will  be  well.  We  can  only  enjoy 
life  while  we  have  the  vigor  of  health ;  when  that  is  gone  let  us 
hope  we  will  go  calmly  and  quickly,  but  while  we  stay  let  us  work 
to  the  fullness  of  our  ability." 

The  next  evening  Miss  Anthony  wrote  from  Philadelphia: 
"I  was  tormented  all  last  night  by  the  fear  of  fire ;  the  wind  was 
blowing  a  gale  and  I  couldn't  see  how  we  could  save  ourselves  if 
once  a  big  blaze  started  in  those  closely-built  rows  of  wooden 
houses.  The  next  morning  while  we  were  dressing  I  told  Louise 
I  was  going  to  get  out.    She  insisted  that  we  should  finish  up 


[1902]  INTERNATIONAL   SUFFRAGE.  1 2$  I 

the  two  weeks  but  I  packed  my  trunk  before  going  down  stairs, 
and  after  breakfast  she  packed  hers  and  we  left  at  ten  o'clock." 

That  very  day  a  fire  broke  out  in  Atlantic  City,  scores  of 
houses  were  burned  and  for  a  while  the  whole  place  seemed  to  be 
doomed.  Miss  Anthony's  friends  and  relatives,  who  supposed 
she  was  still  there,  were  greatly  alarmed  and  felt  very  thankful 
to  learn  that  she  had  left  before  the  fire  occurred.  In  some  way 
a  sensational  story  was  started  and  went  the  rounds  of  the  papers 
that  she  had  had  a  premonition  of  the  danger,  a  vision  of  a  vast 
conflagration  and  a  warning  to  flee  from  the  place.  Her  friends 
were  much  annoyed  and  begged  her  to  contradict  these  foolish 
statements,  but  in  a  letter  to  the  present  writer  she  said  that  she 
thought  it  better  not  to  break  her  rule  of  not  replying  to  mis- 
representations in  the  press ;  that  to  do  so  in  the  present  instance 
would  make  too  serious  a  matter  of  it — it  had  merely  caused  a 
ripple  and  would  soon  be  forgotten.  She  stated  definitely  that 
her  "premonition"  was  nothing  more  than  the  feeling  any  one 
would  have  to  lie  awake  at  night  and  hear  the  wind  rushing 
through  the  streets  lined  with  houses  that  would  prove  to  be 
mere  tinder  boxes  in  case  of  fire.  She  had  been  in  Atlantic  City 
ten  days  and  felt  that  she  had  received  all  the  benefit  required 
and  would  enjoy  Philadelphia  better.  The  fire  did  not  come 
within  a  long  distance  of  where  she  was  staying  and  had  she 
remained  she  would  have  suffered  no  injury  unless  perhaps  a 
nervous  shock. 

During  Miss  Anthony's  convalescence  she  received  news  of 
the  death  of  two  old  and  valued  friends  in  Rochester — Dr.  Ed- 
ward Mott  Moore,  at  the  age  of  eighty-eight,  and  Mr.  Samuel 
Wilder.  The  journal  said :  "I  wanted  so  much  to  see  both  of 
them  before  I  left  home  but  the  weather  was  so  bad  I  could  not 
go  to  call  on  them.  My  two  best  friends  among  men  passed  away 
while  I  have  been  ill  here  and  could  not  speak  a  last  word  to 
theml" 

Perhaps  the  greatest  disappointment  caused  by  Miss  Anthony's 
illness  was  felt  in  Rochester  where  preparations  were  well  under 
way  to  give  her  a  large  banquet  on  her  return  from  Washington, 
which  was  to  be  in  honor  of  her  birthday,  though  necessarily 


1252  LIFE  AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.   ANTHONY.  [1902] 

belated.  The  art  class  of  Mechanics'  Institute  was  making  the 
menus  and  programs  and  over  two  hundred  men  and  women 
had  engaged  seats  at  the  tables.  It  was  not  until  the  advices 
from  Philadelphia  showed  that  her  return  must  be  indefinitely 
postponed  that  the  function,  of  which  so  much  had  been  ex- 
pectedy  was  finally  abandoned. 

All  was  not  sorrow  and  disappointment,  however,  for  in  the 

midst  of  her  illness  had  come  news  so  gratifying  that  the  family 

rightly  judged  it  would  do  much  toward  restoring  her  to  health. 

From  the  time  Miss  Anthony  had  pledged  her  life  insurance  for 

)  final  payment  of  the  fund  necessary  to  admit  women  to  Roches- 

/  ter  University,  the  committee  had  been  unceasing  in  their  efforts 

if  to  raise  the  sum  necessary  to  release  her  from  her  obligation, 

I  and  they  were  now  able  to  announce  that  the  full  amoimt  had  been 

\  obtained  and  that  henceforth  she  would  be  freed  from  all  anxiety. 

After  Miss  Anthony  had  practically  recovered  she  spent  part 

of  her  time  with  Mrs.  Rachel  Foster  Avery  and  was  entertained 

by  her  old  friends,  Mrs.  Enoch  Lewis,  Mrs.  Emma  J.  Bartol, 

Mrs.  Lucretia  L.  Blankenburg  and  many  others.     Mrs.  James 

had  a  "tea"  for  her  and  a  large  reception  was  given  by  the 

Political  Science  Section  of  the  New  Century  Club.    Twice  she 

enjoyed  the  luxury  of  going  to  the  theater,  a  recreation  she  was 

very  fond  of  but  seldom  found  time  for.     She  saw  Crane  in 

David  Harum,  which  she  pronounced  "splendid,"  and  Jefferson 

in  Rip  Van  Winkle,  of  which  the  journal  said :   "We  all  agreed 

that  it  made  laziness  and  drunkenness  very  fascinating,  and  that 

the  effect  of  the  play  on  young  men  all  these  years  must  have 

been  anything  but  moral."    An  incident  of  her  stay  was  a  drive 

one  day  with  Mrs.  Lewis,  who  had  been  a  schoolmate  of  her 

sister  Guelma  and  herself  sixty-five  years  before  in  the  boarding 

school  of  Deborah  Moulson  at  Hamilton,  a  village  outside  of 

Philadelphia.    They  went  to  the  spot  where  the  school  used  to 

stand,  now  in  the  very  heart  of  the  city  and  occupied  by  the 

Hamilton  House  and  Blockley  Hospital,  and  enjoyed  mutual 

reminiscences  of  those  days  so  long  ago. 

At  this  time  Justice  Baldwin,  of  the  Connecticut  Supreme 
Court,  said  in  a  decision  that  "no  woman  must  feel  she  knows 


[1902]  INTERNATIONAL   SUFFRAGE.  1 253 

more  than  her  husband,"  and  that  "girls  would  make  better  wives, 
mothers  and  housekeepers  if  they  finished  school  at  from  fourteen 
to  sixteen  years  of  age."  Of  course  this  sent  the  reporters  post 
haste  to  Miss  Anthony  and  she  is  quoted  as  saying :  "Suppose  by 
some  misfortune  a  woman  were  to  marry  an  idiot ;  must  she  still 
adhere  to  the  views  of  this  man  from  Connecticut  and  consider 
herself  the  mental  inferior  of  her  husband  ?  That  doctrine  might 
have  sufficed  for  the  women  of  a  century  or  so  ago  but  it  will  not 
do  in  this  day  of  progress.  I  am  convinced  that  a  little  learning 
has  been  a  dangerous  pitfall  for  Judge  Baldwin.  I  believe  the 
mother  needs  more  to  be  educated  than  the  father,  in  order  to  lead 
the  children  through  their  education."  Miss  Anthony  then  gave 
instances  of  her  own  observation  where  educated  women  had  per- 
formed invaluable  service  for  husband,  children  and  home,  and 
said :  "A  wife's  intellectual  superiority  over  her  husband  need 
not  and  probably  will  not  cause  any  unhappiness.  If  happiness 
in  wedded  life  depended  upon  the  mental  superiority  of  the  hus- 
band in  this  progressive  age  I  fear  the  divorce  courts  would  be 
overworked." 

Miss  Anthony  lingered  in  Philadelphia  in  order  to  keep  an  en- 
gagement to  attend  the  presentation  to  Bryn  Mawr  College  of  a 
medallion  of  herself.  The  ceremonies  were  to  have  taken  place 
soon  after  the  convention  but  her  illness  prevented,  and  now  the 
following  invitation  had  been  sent  out  by  the  president.  Miss  M. 
Carey  Thomas :  "A  bronze  medallion  of  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony, 
sculptured  by  Miss  Leila  Usher,  of  Boston,  will  be  presented  to 
Bryn  Mawr  College  by  Dr.  Howard  A.  Kelly  of  the  Johns  Hop- 
kins University  Medical  School,  on  Monday  evening,  April  21st, 
at  eight  o'clock,  in  the  chapel  in  Taylor  Hall.  After  the  pres- 
entation Miss  Anthony  will  address  the  students.     ..." 

The  occasion  was  made  the  subject  of  wide  comment  by  the 
press  and  this  description  was  sent  to  the  Springfield  (Mass.) 
Republican: 

A  few  evenings  since,  in  the  chapel  of  Bryn  Mawr  College,  the  old  and 
the  new  met  in  striking  contrast.  In  the  presence  of  the  entire  student  hody, 
who,  in  cap  and  gown  met  as  at  an  academic  function.  Dr.  Howard  A.  Kelly 
of  Baltimore,  a  celebrated  surgeon,  presented  to  the  college  a  portrait  medal- 


1254  LIFE   AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.    ANTHONY.  [19O2] 

lion  of  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  work  of  Miss  Leila  Usher,  who  did  the 
well-known  portrait  medallion  of  Prol  Frands  W.  Child  for  Harvard  Uni- 
versity.  The  representation  of  Miss  Anthony  is  of  admirable  simplicity  and 
beauty.  But  even  above  the  importance  of  the  acquisition  of  so  valuable  a 
possession  was  the  presence  of  Miss  Anthony  hersdl  The  white-haired 
woman  of  eighty-two  came  to  see  the  work  of  women  students  whose  very 
presence  in  an  institution  of  learning  she  herself  had  done  so  much  to  make 
possible,  and  they  came  to  see  her  and  to  express  their  gratitude. 

President  Thomas  opened  the  ceremonies  by  introducing  Dr.  Kelly,  who 
gave  a  brief  account  of  Miss  Anthony's  life  and  work,  and  explained  why  it 
had  seemed  to  him  fitting  to  present  Bryn  Mawr  this  portraiture  of  Miss  An- 
thony. His  address  was  interrupted  again  and  again  by  applause  as  he  men- 
tioned one  after  the  other  the  triumphs  Miss  Anthony  had  won.  After  his 
address  he  unveiled  the  medallion,  which  had  been  draped  in  the  American 
flag.  Gmtinued  applause  greeted  its  appearance.  President  Thomas  in  a  brief 
speech  received  the  gift  on  behalf  of  the  trustees  and  then  presented  to  the 
audience  Miss  Anthony  herself.  For  a  space  of  half  an  hour  Miss  Anthony 
talked  to  the  students  in  her  own  simple,  direct  way,  telling  them  of  the  dif- 
ficulties she  had  met  with,  which  could  never  meet  the  members  of  her 
audience.  .  .  .  More  reminiscences  followed,  and  then  Miss  Anthony  told 
of  her  pleasure  in  seeing  Bryn  Mawr  and  paid  a  tribute  to  President  Thomas 
that  called  forth  enthusiasm  among  the  students.    .    .    .  ^ 

Miss  Anthony  was  the  guest  of  Miss  Thomas  over  night  and  a 
number  of  prominent  men  and  women  were  entertained  at  dinner. 
This  visit  marked  the  beginning  of  her  friendship  with  Miss 
Mary  E.  Garrett  and  Miss  Thomas  which  grew  stronger  with 
every  passing  year. 

As  Miss  Anthony  was  not  yet  well  enough  to  take  up  active 
work  she  went  for  a  ten  days'  visit  to  her  cousins,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Lucien  Squier,  of  South  Orange,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  Vail, 
of  East  Orange,  N.  J.  The  former  gave  a  large  reception  for  her 
and  the  latter  an  afternoon  "tea".  She  spoke  to  the  Woman's 
Club,  the  Political  Equality  Oub,  the  pupils  of  the  High  School, 
made  a  number  of  calls  and  gradually  began  to  feel  that  she  was 
getting  back  her  hold  on  life  and  its  varied  activities.  On  May  7 
she  wrote  to  her  sister:  "Tomorrow  I  go  to  Mrs.  Stanton's  and 
then  home.  Just  to  think  I  shall  have  been  gone  over  three 
months  of  this  blessed  year  and  not  have  done  a  thing  but  loaf!" 

A  week  was  spent  with  Mrs.  Stanton,  the  first  time  Miss  An- 

1  The  medallion  was  greatly  admired  and  Miss  Garrett  afterwards  had  a  replica  made 
which  it  is  her  intention  eventually  to  present  to  the  University  of  Rochester. 


MEDALLION  IN  BRYN  MAWR  COLLEGE. 
(Seepage  1253.) 

BUST  IN  METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM,  NEW  YORK. 
(Seepage  1413.) 


[1902]  INTERNATIONAL   SUFFRAGE.  1255 

thony  had  slept  under  her  roof  since  1891,  when  the  large  home 
at  Tenafly,  N.  J.,  was  given  up  and  the  remaining  members  of  the 
family  moved  into  an  apartment  in  New  York.  The  absence  of 
some  one  left  a  vacant  room  and  Mrs.  Stanton  was  very  desirous 
that  Miss  Anthony  should  occupy  it.  She  was  entertained  by  a 
number  of  friends  in  the  city — Mrs.  William  M.  Ivans,  Mrs. 
Charlotte  B,  Wilbour,  Mrs.  Edward  Lauterbach,  her  cousin,  Mrs. 
Lapham,  her  nephews,  Arthur  A.  Mosher  and  Dr.  Henry  J.  Baker, 
and  others,  but  the  most  of  her  time  was  given  to  her  beloved  old 
friend,  who,  she  could  see,  was  drawing  near  the  end  of  her  long 
and  valuable  life.  Her  heart  was  growing  weak  but  her  wonder- 
ful brain  was  still  strong  and  alert.  She  had  not,  like  Miss 
Anthony,  continued  without  swerving  in  the  straight  path  leading 
toward  the  goal  of  suffrage,  and  an  entry  made  in  the  diary  dur- 
ing this  visit  contained  these  pathetic  words :  "It  seems  good  to  be 
here,  though  Mrs.  Stanton  does  not  feel  quite  as  she  used  to.  We 
have  grown  a  little  apart  since  not  so  closely  associated  as  of  old. 
She  thinks  the  Church  is  now  the  enemy  to  fight  and  feels  wor- 
ried that  I  stay  back  with  the  children — as  she  says — ^instead  of 
going  ahead  with  her." 

Miss  Anthony  went  home  May  14,  enjoying  through  every 
moment  of  the  trip  the  beautiful  scenery  from  New  York  to 
Rochester,  now  in  all  the  greenness  and  blossom  of  spring.  She 
was  familiar  with  its  every  aspect,  having  made  this  journey 
scores  of  times,  and  she  loved  every  foot  of  the  glorious  Empire 
State.  The  journal  said :  "I  was  tired  enough  when  I  got  to  bed 
at  nine-thirty — could  not  sleep  for  weariness — ^but  at  last  all  was 
well."  She  had  promised  her  sister  not  to  fail  to  be  present  the 
next  evening  at  the  Political  Equality  Club,  which  always  held 
its  first  and  last  meetings  of  the  season  at  the  Anthony  home, 
Miss  Mary  having  been  its  president  for  ten  years.  The  press 
and  the  people  of  Rochester  had  a  cordial  welcome  for  her  and 
she  was  enthusiastically  received  by  the  sixty  women  students  of 
the  university  when  she  attended  their  annual  reception. 

There  was  much  work  to  be  done  and  it  was  Miss  Anthony's 
earnest  hope  that  she  could  remain  at  home  without  interruption, 
but  on  June  8  came  an  imperative  summons  to  attend  a  meeting 
Ant.  Ill— 10 


1256  LIFE   AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.   ANTHONY.  [19O2] 

of  the  National  Suffrage  Board  at  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt's  in  Ben- 
sonhurst-by-the-Sea.  She  had  written  that  she  would  not  be 
present  but  as  it  seemed  necessary  she  took  the  night  train  for 
New  York.  Here  the  pther  members  of  the  committee  joined 
her  and  they  reached  the  lovely  home  in  time  for  luncheon.  The 
meeting  continued  three  days  and  the  journal  spoke  in  high  com- 
pliment of  the  well-ordered  household  and  the  perfect  movement 
of  the  domestic  machinery. 

Miss  Anthony  stopped  a  day  in  New  York  to  see  Mrs.  Stanton 
again,  and  there  was  this  entry  in  the  diary :  "Nora  Blatch  was 
there,  dressed  in  a  white  pomona  trimmed  with  blue  ribbons  and 
it  did  look  beautiful  with  her  pink  and  white  complexion!" 
Miss  Anthony  was  much  affected  by  Mrs.  Stanton's  condition 
and  as  she  bade  her  good-by  said  with  tears  in  her  eyes,  "Shall 
I  see  you  again  ?"  "O,  yes,"  was  the  cheerful  and  philosophical 
answer ;  "if  not  here,  then  in  the  hereafter,  if  there  is  one,  and 
if  there  isn't  we  shall  never  know  it."  This  proved  to  be  indeed 
their  last  meeting. 

That  summer,  for  the  first  time  in  its  existence,  the  Anthony 
household  employed  a  colored  maid,  and  one  irreverent  member 
of  it  had  many  an  hour's  amusement  over  the  application  and 
the  failure  of  long-cherished  theories  in  r^^rd  to  the  oppressed 
race.  The  story  of  Miss  Ophelia  and  Topsy  was  repeated  with 
such  additions  as  might  have  been  expected  had  the  New  Eng- 
land spinster  continued  her  guardianship  of  that  interesting 
young  person  until  she  reached  womanhood;  and  after  the  ex- 
periment ended  it  was  thenceforth  tabooed  as  a  subject  of  con- 
versation. 

Miss  Anthony's  task  for  the  summer  was  the  final  reading  of 
•  the  MS.  and  the  printer's  proof  of  Volume  IV  of  the  His- 
tory of  Woman  Suffrage.  As  she  did  not  feel  with  this  the 
great  sense  of  personal  responsibility  that  was  attached  to  her 
Biography  she  found  it  a  work  of  genuine  pleasure.  It  was  a 
source  of  grief  to  her  that  such  rigid  condensation  had  been 
necessary  and  if  as  much  room  had  been  given  to  everybody  as 
she  desired,  two  big  volumes  instead  of  one  would  have  been 
necessary.    "O,  dear,  I'm  sure  Mrs. will  feel  that  we  ought 


[1902]  INTERNATIONAL   SUFFRAGE.  I257 

to  have  used  more  of  her  speech/'  she  would  say;  or,  "I  know 
that  every  woman  at  that  convention  will  think  she  ought  to 
have  been  mentioned  and  I  can  never  look  the  most  of  them  in 
the  face  again."  When  the  chapters  were  carefully  examined 
which  told  the  story  of  her  cherished  National  Suffrage  Asso- 
ciation, her  beloved  child,  she  exclaimed,  "Whatever  must  be 
sacrificed  not  a  word  of  these  chapters  shall  be  omitted!"  But 
more  than  a  third  of  them  eventually  went  into  oblivion. 

The  first  half  of  the  1,144  pages,  complete  to  the  very  punc- 
tuation marks,  was  sent  to  the  publishers  August  2,  the  last  half 
August  30,  and  from  that  time  imtil  the  Christmas  holidays  the 
proofreading,  revising  and  index-making  went  steadily  on.  Miss 
Anthony  seemed  stimulated  and  sustained  by  this  work.  Each 
morning  she  would  come  up  to  the  pleasant  attic  rooms  fresh  and 
buoyant,  would  hold  one  copy,  the  present  writer  a  second,  while 
one  of  the  secretaries  would  read  from  a  third,  and  not  the  small- 
est item  would  escape  her  watchful  eye.  Sometimes  she  would 
question  a  date  or  a  statement  and  then  proceedings  had  to  stop 
till  the  authority  was  forthcoming.  After  dinner  she  would 
most  unwillingly  go  to  her  room  for  the  needed  nap,  but  in  a 
short  time  her  head  with  its  smoothly-combed  silver  hair  would 
appear  at  the  top  of  the  stairs  and  she  would  present  herself 
neatly  dressed  for  the  afternoon  and  eager  to  resume  the  reading. 

Work  was  suspended  for  the  one  day  which  her  brother  D.  R. 

t spent  with  her,  but  most  of  her  visitors  were  entertained  by  being 
invited  to  take  a  seat  in  the  attic  and  listen  to  the  performance. 
As  most  of  them  were  ardent  suffragists  they  felt  highly  hon- 
ored to  attend  these  "authors'  readings"  and  get  the  "advance 
sheets"  even  before  the  book  reviewers.  One  of  these  friends 
was  Mrs.  Jane  Amy  McKinney,  who  had  welcomed  Miss  An- 
thony in  her  home  at  Decorah,  Iowa,  thirty  years  before,  when 
not  many  homes  were  open  to  her.  Among  other  guests,  but  not 
all  invited  to  the  "top  gallery",  were  Booker  T.  Washington, 
Mrs.  Coralie  Franklin  Cook,  of  Howard  University,  Mrs.  Har- 
riot Stanton  Blatch,  and  her  old  pastor,  the  Rev.  N.  M.  Mann, 
who  had  given  her  much  assistance  on  the  other  volumes.  Two 
visitors  whom  she  was  especially  pleased  to  entertain  were  the 


1258  LIFE  AND   WORK  OF  SUSAX  B.   ANTHONY.  [1902] 

Baroness  Olga  von  Besdiwitz,  of  I>resden,  secretary  of  the  Ger- 
man G>uncil  of  Women,  and  Miss  Vida  Goldstein,  of  Melbourne, 
Australia,  editor  of  the  IVoman's  Sphere.  Each  of  these  ladies 
had  journeyed  to  Rochester  for  the  purpose  of  seeing  Miss  An- 
thony in  her  own  home. 

Much  disquiet  was  caused  this  summer  by  the  action  of  Presi- 
dent W.  R.  Harper,  of  Giicago  University,  in  putting  into  sep- 
arate classes  the  men  and  women  of  the  Freshman  and  Sc^ho- 
more  years.  Miss  Anthony  received  an  urgent  letter  from  a 
woman  lawyer  of  Chicago,  representing  the  alumnae,  which  said : 
''We  are  in  the  midst  of  a  crisis  in  woman's  education  and  we 
are  calling  out  the  old  war-horses  who  fought  the  battle  for  us  in 
the  early  days.  .  .  .  How  dishcxiorable  to  found  an  insti- 
tution upon  the  distinct  understanding  that  it  was  to  be  co-edu- 
cational and  then  attempt  to  deceive  people  by  a  scheme  of  'co- 
ordinate' education  I  We  must  take  a  stand  and  fight  or  soon 
another  step  will  be  taken."  Miss  Anthony  was  deeply  stirred 
by  this  matter  and  in  an  interview  she  said : 

Yes,  we  women  faave  to  figfat  continually  for  oar  rights  and  after  we  get 
them  we  have  to  watch  constantly  for  fear  they  will  be  taken  away  just  as 
we  begin  to  feel  safe  and  comfortable.  When  they  can't  keep  the  girls  out  of 
ooUege  they  resort  to  "segregation"  and  it  is  plain  enough  why  it  is  done — 
the  girls  stand  so  much  higher  than  the  boys  that  it  reflects  anything  but 
credit  on  the  latter.  Something  has  to  be  done  or  let  the  men  go  on  record 
as  unable  to  keep  np  with  the  intellectual  pace  the  women  set  for  them.  We 
don't  want  the  sexes  separated  in  the  class  room.  Half  the  stimulus  is  in 
competition  and  if  the  boys  and  grirls  have  separate  recitations  and  examina- 
tions, how  are  we  going  to  tell  which  rank  higher?  They  must  compete  with 
each  other — ^that  is  where  the  test  and  the  fun  come  in. 

Oh,  if  I  could  but  live  another  century  and  see  the  fruition  of  all  the  work  for 
women !  There  is  so  much  yet  to  be  done — I  think  of  so  many  things  I  should 
like  to  do  and  say— but  I  must  leave  them  for  a  younger  generation.  We  old 
fighters  have  prepared  the  way  and  it  is  easier  than  it  was  fifty  years  ago 
when  I  got  into  the  harness.  Young  blood,  fresh  with  enthusiasm  and  with 
all  the  enligjitenment  of  the  new  century,  must  now  carry  on  the  contest. 
.  .  .  People  who  do  not  look  deeply  into  the  subject  often  declare  that  the 
present  status  of  women  is  simply  the  result  of  the  evolution  of  the  human 
race,  the  natural  outcome  of  civilization  and  general  progress,  but  as  a  mat- 
ter of  fact,  woman  herself  has  been  one  of  the  biggest  factors  in  the  progress 
of  humanity.  The  struggle  which  she  has  made  and  is  still  making  for  her 
riglitful  place  in  the  world  has  done  much  to  educate  and  enlighten  the  race 
as  a  whole.   She  has  had  to  fight  for  every  step  gained,  for  every  concession 


[1902]  INTERNATIONAL  SUFFRAGE.  1 259 

made,  and  it  looks  now  as  if  she  would  have  to  fight  even  more  strenuously 
to  maintain  her  hold  on  what  she  has  obtained. 

The  reporter  asked  Miss  Anthony  at  this  point  if  she  believed 
the  women  of  the  whole  United  States  ever  would  have  the  full 
suffrage  and  she  answered :  "Assuredly.  I  firmly  believed  at  one 
time  that  I  should  live  to  see  that  day.  I  have  never  for  one  mo- 
\  ment  lost  faith.  It  will  come  but  I  shall  not  see  it — ^probably  you 
will — it  is  inevitable.  We  can  no  more  deny  forever  the  right  of 
self-government  to  one-half  our  people  than  we  could  keep  the 
negro  forever  in  bondage.  It  will  not  be  wrought  by  the  same 
disrupting  forces  that  freed  the  slave,  but  come  it  will,  and  I 
believe  within  a  generation." 

An  entry  in  the  journal  soon  afterwards  said:  "Went  to 
church  this  morning  and  heard  a  young  fellow  give  a  talk  on 
Socialism — ^very  crude.  He  said  all  reforms  were  indications 
of  need  of  change  but  all  began  at  the  wrong  end.  I  asked  him 
at  the  close  where  he  thought  would  be  the  right  end  for  me  to 
begin,  as  I  had  been  working  nearly  fifty  years  now  on  one  line." 
His  answer  unfortunately  is  not  recorded. 

Another  entry  said:  "Went  to  hear  Prof.  Edward  Howard 
Griggs  on  Education  from  the  Study  of  the  Beautiful.  It  was  a 
marvelous  specimen  of  rhetoric  and  elocution  but  it  did  nothing 
to  stir  the  soul  to  greater  effort  for  the  uplift  of  humanity." 
Miss  Anthony  never  cared  for  lecture,  sermon,  book  or  poem 
that  did  not  have  a  strong  moral  purpose. 

There  was  a  little  break  in  the  routine  of  the  summer  when 
Miss  Anthony,  accompanied  by  Miss  Mary,  Miss  Shaw  and  Miss 
Lucy,  went  for  a  few  days  at  Lily  Dale,  the  Spiritualist  camp- 
meeting  ground.  For  years  one  week  each  season  had  been  set 
apart  here  for  special  consideration  of  the  interests  of  women 
and  Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Shaw  were  usually  among  the 
speakers.  They  were  sure  always  of  large  audiences  and  they 
enjoyed  the  sojourn  in  this  pleasant  place.  This  time  they  were 
the  guests  of  the  president  of  the  assembly,  Mrs.  Abby  Louise 
Pettengill — "a  splendid  woman,"  the  diary  said.  At  the  break- 
fast table  the  last  morning  of  their  stay,  she  presented  Miss  An- 
thony with  a  check  for  $ioo  and  each  of  the  others  with  one  for 


I26o  LIFE   AND   WORK    OF   SUSAN   B.    ANTHONY.  [19O2] 

$50.  To  quote  again  from  the  diary :  "Mary  couldn't  believe  it 
possible  the  money  was  for  her  and  tried  to  make  Mrs.  Pettengill 
take  it  back,  but  she  said,  'No,  keep  it  and  use  it  for  whatever 
you  most  want'  "  Strange  to  relate  Miss  Mary  contributed  it 
to  a  society  that  was  trjring  to  get  the  suffrage  for  women ! 

A  very  unusual  and  interesting  event  occurred  in  the  Anthony 
home  on  the  evening  of  October  9 — a  wedding,  the  first  in  thirty- 
three  years !  It  was  the  marriage  of  Mr.  Gilbert  T.  Mason  to 
Miss  Anna  E.  Dann,  Miss  Anthony's  dearly-loved  young  secre- 
tary and  companion.  The  daughter  of  a  minister,  she  had  come 
from  Canada  when  scarcely  eighteen  and  for  five  years  had  been 
like  one  of  the  family,  able  and  ready  not  only  to  fulfil  the  duties 
of  a  secretary  but  also  to  answer  all  the  complex  demands  of  a 
household.  The  newspapers  went  into  the  usual  hysterics  over 
the  affair,  some  of  them  declaring  that  Miss  Anthony  had  bitterly 
opposed  the  marriage  and  tried  to  prevent  it,  others  announcing 
in  big  headlines  that  she  was  to  act  as  bridesmaid.  As  a  matter 
of  fact  she  had  known  for  several  years  that  it  would  ultimately 
take  place,  and,  while  she  had  much  regret  at  losing  the  devoted 
service  which  had  become  so  necessary  to  her,  she  fully  realized 
that  she  would  need  it  but  a  few  years  longer  and  she  was 
glad  to  feel  that  the  young  girl  would  be  safe  and  happy  in  a 
home  of  her  own.  She  joined  with  the  present  writer  in  pre- 
senting her  with  an  up-to-date  sewing-machine,  "to  prove,"  as 
she  laughingly  said,  "that  strong-minded  women  were  not  wholly 
without  the  domestic  instincts,"  and  to  this  she  added  $50  and 
the  expenses  of  the  wedding.  During  the  service  Miss  Anthony 
stood  close  beside  the  bride  looking  like  a  sweet  old  grandmother 
stepped  down  from  a  picture.  The  ceremony  was  performed  by 
the  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw,  who  said  in  part : 

You  have  come  through  the  mysterious  pathway  which  God  in  his  in- 
finite wisdom  has  made  for  human  souls  drawn  by  the  divine  attraction  of 
love.  The  greatest  miracle  ever  wrought  is  the  way  two  beings,  bom  in 
different  parts  of  the  world,  travel  through  life  and"  find  each  other,  and  learn 
through  this  deep  recognition  of  heart  and  soul  that  it  is  impossible  longer 
to  walk  the  pathway  alone.  You  have  met  in  the  presence  of  these  friends 
to  exchange  your  vows  of  devotion.  It  is  so  serious,  so  solemn,  for  two 
persons  thus  to  plight  their  troth  that  those  only  should  do  so  who  are  moved 


[1902]  INTERNATIONAL   SUFFRAGE.  I261 

■  by  the  deepest  and  holiest  convictions.    Believing  that  such  are  the  motives 

I   which  have  prompted  you,  that  you  desire  to  take  life's  journey  together, 

I   each  helping  the  other  to  the  highest  and  noblest  development,  each  belong- 

/    ing  to  the  other  and  each  equally  free— in  this  spirit  I  ask  you  to  exchange 

your  pledges. 

Each  then  made  the  same  vow — ^to  love,  honor  and  cherish — 
and  placed  a  ring  on  the  hand  of  the  other.  An  impressive 
prayer  closed  the  ceremony.^  The  bride  turned  first  to  Miss 
Anthony  who  kissed  her  tenderly  and  then  kissed  the  young  hus- 
band. At  the  wedding  supper  their  health  was  drunk  from  Miss 
Anthony's  loving  cup  filled  with  cold  water,  and  when  it  was 
passed  to  her  she  said,  "I  can  give  no  better  sentiment  than  that 
so  beautifully  expressed  by  Lucretia  Mott — 'May  your  inde- 
pendence be  equal,  your  dependence  mutual,  your  obligations  re- 
ciprocal.' "  This  was  an  "equal  rights"  wedding;  the  bride  did 
not  promise  to  "obey",  she  was  not  "given  away",  the  minister 
did  not  declare  them  joined  together  "until  death  do  you  part", 
but  the  marriage  proved  to  be  a  happy  one  and  Miss  Anthony 
'  was  often  a  welcome  guest  in  the  new  home. 

^Miss  Shaw  has  officiated  at  twenty-five  weddings  and  not  one  has  been  followed  by  a 
divorce.  She  sairs  it  is  because  those  having  the  breadth  of  mind  and  the  recognition  of 
equality  which  lead  them  to  desire  a  woman  minister  to  unite  them,  carry  these  into  mar- 
ried life  and  base  it  upon  mutual  respect  and  exact  justice,  the  most  stable  foundation  for 
marriage. 


CHAPTER  LXI. 

DEATH    OF   ELIZABETH    CADY   STANTON. 
1902. 

jATE  on  Sunday  afternoon,  October  26,  as  Miss 
Anthony  sat  busily  writing  in  her  study,  a  tele- 
gram was  handed  her  from  Mrs.  Harriot  Stanton 
Blatch  which  said,  "Mother  passed  away  at  three 
o'clock."  She  received  the  news  with  entire  calm- 
ness for  it  was  not  unexpected,  but  an  expression  of  great  sad- 
ness settled  upon  her  face  and  she  sat  in  melancholy  quiet  in  the 
little  room,  where  Mrs.  Stanton's  portrait  looked  down  from  the 
wall,  until  the  twilight  deepened  into  darkness  and  her  sister 
slipped  softly  in  and  begged  her  to  come  down  stairs. 

That  evening  a  reporter  came  and  as  Miss  Anthony  sat  in  her 
arm  chair  gazing  into  the  glowing  coals  of  an  autumn  fire  she 
recalled  many  incidents  of  the  long  acquaintance  of  Mrs.  Stan- 
ton and  herself,  their  public  work  together  having  begun  in 
1852,  just  half-a-century  ago.  "For  fifty  years  there  has  been 
an  unbroken  friendship  between  us,"  said  Miss  Anthony.  "We 
did  not  agree  on  every  point,  but  on  the  central  point  of  woman 
suffrage  we  always  agreed,  and  that  was  the  pivotal  question. 
We  never  listened  to  stories  of  each  other,  never  believed  any 
tales  of  disloyalty  of  one  to  the  other.  Mrs.  Stanton  was  a  most 
courageous  woman,  a  leader  of  thought  and  action.  I  have  al- 
ways called  her  the  statesman  of  our  movement.  Whenever  I 
wanted  an  able  document  written,  an  appeal  to  Congress  or 
Legislatures,  I  went  to  her.  It  spoiled  me  for  writing  myself  as 
I  could  lean  on  her  for  these  things." 

"What  period  of  your  lives  did  you  enjoy  the  most?"  was 

(1262) 


[1902]  DEATH   OF  ELIZABETH   CADY  STANTON.  I263 

asked,  and  Miss  Anthony  replied  quickly :  "The  days  when  the 
struggle  was  the  hardest  and  the  fight  the  thickest;  when  the 
whole  world  was  against  us  and  we  had  to  stand  the  closer  to 
each  other;  when  I  would  go  to  her  home  and  help  with  the 
children  and  the  housekeeping  through  the  day  and  then  we 
would  sit  up  far  into  the  night  preparing  our  ammunition  and 
getting  ready  to  move  on  the  enemy.  The  years  since  the  re- 
wards began  to  come  have  brought  no  enjoyment  like  that." 

Miss  Anthony  recalled  many  episodes  of  their  long  public 
career  and  spoke  also  of  Mrs.  Stanton's  unsurpassed  domestic 
qualities — "one  of  the  finest  housekeepers  I  ever  knew/'  she 
expressed  it.  In  response  to  another  question  she  said :  "Mrs. 
Stanton  used  to  talk  about  'the  other  side'  but  she  had  no  faith 
that  we  would  have  another  life.  She  always  said  this  world 
was  so  delightful  she  wanted  to  stay  here  just  as  long  as  possible. 
She  believed  in  an  immutable  law  for  everything,  and  not  in  a 
special  providence  for  herself  or  anyone  else.  .  •  .  Yes,  I 
think  she  wished  to  be  cremated;  in  time  this  will  be  the  uni- 
versal method  of  disposing  of  the  dead."  And  then  Miss  An- 
thony continued :  "I  cannot  express  myself  at  all  as  I  feel,  I  am 
too  crushed  to  speak.  If  I  had  died  first  she  would  have  found 
beautiful  phrases  to  describe  our  friendship,  but  I  cannot  put  it 
into  words.  She  always  said  she  wanted  to  outlive  me  so  that 
she  could  give  her  tribute  to  the  world." 

But  later  Miss  Anthony  did  find  words  to  say  in  her  own  clear 
and  impressive  style;  "Even  at  the  age  of  eighty-seven  Mrs. 
Stanton  was  still  a  wonderful  woman.  As  a  speaker  and  a  writer 
she  was  unsurpassed.  Readers  of  history  will  find  that  nearly  all 
of  what  may  be  termed  State  documents  in  the  movement  for  the 
rights  of  women — legal  and  constitutional  appeals  and  arguments 
before  Legislatures  and  Congress — were  prepared  by  her.  She 
combined  in  herself  a  marvelous  trinity — reformer,  philosopher, 
statesman.  Had  she  been  of  the  orthodox  sex  she  would  have 
been  United  States  Senator  or  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  but,  belonging  to  the  alleged  inferior  half  of  the  human 
family,  she  died  without  having  her  opinions  weighed  in  either 
the  political  or  judicial  scales  of  the  Government." 


1264  LIFE   AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.    ANTHONY.  [19O2] 

On  Monday  morning  Miss  Anthony  went  to  New  York.  In  a 
letter  to  the  present  writer  penned  soon  after  arriving  she  said : 
"Oh,  this  awful  hush!  It  seems  impossible  that  voice  is  stilled 
which  I  have  loved  to  hear  for  fifty  years.  Always  I  have  felt 
that  I  must  have  Mrs.  Stanton's  opinion  of  things  before  I  knew 
where  I  stood  myself.  I  am  all  at  sea — but  the  laws  of  nature 
are  still  going  on  with  no  shadow  of  turning.  What  a  world  it  is, 
it  goes  on  and  on  just  the  same  no  matter  who  lives  or  who  dies! 
The  papers,  I  believe,  have  good  editorials — I  have  read  them  but 
I  do  not  know,  I  can  think  of  nothing.  The  reporters  have  been 
to  see  me — but,  oh,  the  lack  of  knowledge!  I  wish  the  History 
was  finished  so  we  could  give  it  to  every  one  who  asks  a  question. 
How  shall  we  ever  make  the  world  intelligent  on  our  movement  ?" 

The  funeral  was  private  with  only  a  few  of  the  most  intimate 
friends  present.  Miss  Anthony  sat  in  Mrs.  Stanton's  arm  chair 
near  the  coffin,  looking  with  aching  heart  into  the  face  which 
with  the  crown  of  beautiful,  snowy  hair  was  so  grand  in  the 
majesty  of  death.  A  few  touching  words  were  spoken  by  the 
friend  of  a  lifetime,  the  Rev.  Antoinette  Brown  Blackwell,  and 
an  address  of  rare  eloquence  was  made  by  the  Rev.  Moncure  D. 
Conway  which  began:  "A  lighthouse  on  the  human  coast  is 
fallen !  To  vast  multitudes  the  name  of  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton 
does  not  mean  so  much  a  person  as  a  standard  inscribed  with 
great  principles.  Roses  will  grow  out  of  her  ashes;  individual 
characters  will  give  a  resurrection  to  her  soul  and  genius,  but 
the  immortality  she  has  achieved  is  that  of  her  long  and  magnifi- 
cent services  to  every  cause  of  justice  and  reason." 

Miss  Anthony  went  with  the  family  to  Woodlawn  Cemetery, 
where  another  old  friend,  the  Rev.  Phebe  A.  Hanaford,  pro- 
nounced the  committal  to  the  earth,  which  thus  ended :  "O,  Thou 
Infinite  and  Eternal  Power,  whom  so  many  of  Thy  children  love 
to  call  Our  Father  and  Our  Mother,  into  Thy  hands  we  commit 
the  spirit  of  our  beloved  one,  assured  that  all  is  right  where  Thy 
rule  extends." 

After  spending  the  night  in  the  city  with  the  children  of  her 
old  comrade  Miss  Anthony  left  at  noon  the  next  day  for  home, 
where  she  arrived  about  nine  o'clock  in  the  evening.  She  had  not 


•■  .••'•^■•'^•'■■>;3' 


Cop>Tigrht,  "Rockwood." 

ELIZABETH  CADY  STANTON 

At  thb  Agb  of  Eighty. 


[1902]  DEATH    OF   ELIZABETH    CADY    STANTON.  1 265 

sent  any  notice  of  her  coming,  so  no  one  met  her  at  the  station, 
but  she  took  a  carriage  and  came  to  the  house.  As  the  little 
family  of  three  members  heard  it  drive  up  they  hastened  out  to 
receive  her,  expecting  to  find  her  greatly  prostrated  physically 
and  mentally,  but  her  step  was  quick,  her  voice  strong  and  she 
seemed  to  have  more  vitality  and  energy  than  for  a  long  time. 
It  was  evident  then  and  afterwards  that  Mrs.  Stanton's  death  had 
strengthened  the  realization  that  her  own  life  was  nearing  the 
end,  and  had  nerved  her  to  renewed  effort  toward  finishing  the 
work  which  she  felt  remained  for  her  to  do. 

Miss  Anthony  was  requested  by  the  North  American  Review 
and  Collier's  Weekly  to  prepare  articles  on  the  work  of  Mrs. 
Stanton  and  herself  and  the  changes  wrought.  The  former,  en- 
titled Woman's  Half-Century  of  Evolution,  filled  eleven  pages  in 
the  issue  of  December,  1902.  It  began  by  saying : 

The  title  I  claim  for  Mrs.  Stanton  is  that  of  leader  of  women.  They  do 
not  enjoy  one  privilege  today  beyond  those  possessed  by  their  foremothers 
which  was  not  demanded  by  her  before  the  present  generation  was  bom.  Her 
published  speeches  will  verify  this  statement.  In  the  light  of  the  present  it 
seems  natural  that  she  should  have  made  those  first  demands  for  women; 
but  at  the  time  it  was  done  the  act  was  far  more  revolutionary  than  was  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  by  the  colonial  leaders.  There  had  been  other 
rebellions  against  the  rule  of  kings  and  nobles;  men  from  time  immemorial 
had  been  accustomed  to  protest  against  injustice;  but  for  women  to  take  such 
action  was  without  a  precedent  and  the  most  daring  innovation  in  all  history. 
Men  of  old  could  emphasize  their  demands  by  the  sword,  and  in  the  present 
century  they  have  been  able  to  do  so  by  the  ballot  While  they  might,  indeed, 
put  their  lives  in  peril,  they  were  always  supported  by  a  certain  amount  of 
sympathy  from  the  public.  Women  could  neither  fight  nor  vote;  they  were 
not  sustained  even  by  those  of  their  own  sex;  and  while  they  incurred  no 
physical  risk,  they  imperilled  their  reputation  and  subjected  themselves  to 
mental  and  spiritual  crucifixion.  Therefore  I  hold  that  the  calling  of  that 
first  Woman's  Rights  Convention  in  1848  by  Mrs.  Stanton,  Lucretia  Mott 
and  two  or  three  other  brave  Quaker  women,  was  one  of  the  most  courageous 
acts  on  record. 

The  proceedings  of  the  convention  were  described  and  the 
progress  of  its  demands  traced  through  the  years  to  the  present 
day,  concluding  as  follows : 

The  effect  upon  women  themselves  of  these  enlarged  opportunities  in  every 
direction  has  been  a  development  which  is  almost  a  regeneration.   The  capa- 


1266  LIFE   AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.    ANTHONY.  [19O2] 

bility  they  have  shown  in  the  realm  of  higher  education,  their  achievements  in 
the  business  world,  their  capacity  for  organization,  their  executive  power,  have 
been  a  revelation.  To  set  women  back  into  the  limited  sphere  of  fifty  years 
ago  would  be  to  arrest  the  progress  of  the  whole  race.  Their  evolution  has 
been  accompanied  by  a  corresponding  development  in  the  moral  nature  of 
man,  his  ideas  of  temperance  and  chastity,  his  sense  of  justice,  his  relations 
to  society.  In  no  department  of  the  world's  activities  are  the  higher  qualities 
so  painfully  lacking  as  in  politics,  and  this  is  the  only  one  from  which  women 
are  wholly  excluded.  Is  it  not  perfectly  logical  to  assume  that  their  influence 
would  be  as  beneficial  here  as  it  has  been  everywhere  else?  Does  not  logic 
also  justify  the  opinion  that,  as  they  have  been  admitted  into  every  other 
channel,  the  political  gateways  must  inevitably  be  opened? 

There  cannot  be  a  doubt  in  the  reasoning  and  unbiased  mind  that  woman 
suffrage  ultimately  will  prevail  in  every  State  in  the  Union.  It  will  be  the 
legitimate  outcome  of  the  spirit  of  our  institutions,  which  are  the  direct  ex- 
pression of  individual  opinion.  A  deep  feeling  of  regret  will  always  prevail 
that  the  Liberator  of  Woman,  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  could  not  live  to  see 
the  complete  triumph  of  her  cause,  as  did  those  other  great  emancipators, 
Lincoln,  Garrison  and  Phillips;  but  she  died  in  the  full  knowledge  that  the 
day  of  its  victory  is  clearly  marked  on  the  calendar  of  the  near  future. 

The  second  article — Achievement  of  Woman — ^appeared  in 
Collier's,  January  lo,  1903.  In  several  columns  it  depicted  the 
past  and  present  status  of  women  in  Home,  Society,  Church,  Edu- 
cation, Occupations,  Laws  and  State.  It  was  a  complete  resume 
and  ended  with  this  declaration :  "To  sum  up  the  situation  in  a 
few  words :  The  common  remark  that  'all  has  been  gained  for 
women  except  the  suffrage'  is  by  no  means  true.  In  not  one  of 
the  seven  departments  above  named  do  women  possess  perfect 
equality  of  rights,  but  in  each  so  much  has  been  granted  as  to 
make  it  logically  sure  that  the  rest  will  eventually  follow.  In 
every  direction  are  life,  activity  and  progress.  The  future  con- 
tains more  than  hope — it  shines  in  the  clear  light  of  certainty." 

The  present  writer  thus  closed  a  sketch  in  Pearson's  Magazine, 
December,  1902,  entitled  Two  Greatest  Women  Reformers :  "It 
would  be  well  if  the  name  of  every  woman  who  fought  those 
earliest  battles  against  the  old  creeds  and  codes,  the  tradition, 
prejudice,  ignorance  and  conservatism  of  the  ages,  could  be  en- 
shrined in  tender  memory,  as  none  in  all  the  future  will  require 
such  courage,  fortitude  and  self-sacrifice.  The  most  of  them, 
however,  must  be  swept  into  oblivion  by  the  engulfing  waves  of 
time,  but  two  are  carved  on  indestructible  tablets  in  a  hall  of  fame 


[1902]  DEATH    OF   ELIZABETH    CADY   STANTON.  I267 

that  is  Itself  immortal — ^two  names  which  will  be  spoken  by 
women  reverently,  as  men  say  'Lincoln/  'Washington' — Eliza- 
beth Cady  Stanton,  Susan  B.  Anthony." 

A  second  article  in  the  New  York  Independent,  November  6, 
1902 — ^The  Passing  of  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton — had  this  con- 
cluding paragraph :  "Mrs.  Stanton  was  born  into  the  sternest 
and  gloomiest  theories  and  practices  of  the  Calvinistic  doctrines. 
.  .  .  At  the  beginning  of  her  work  for  the  regeneration  of 
women,  she  met  with  more  violent  opposition  from  the  clergy 
than  from  all  other  sources  combined.  .  .  .  She  realized 
that  the  agencies  of  State  and  society  together  were  not  so  power- 
ful in  keeping  women  in  subjection  as  the  authority  of  the  Bible, 
and  she  was,  therefore,  perfectly  consistent  and  conscientious  in 
her  determined  and  unceasing  warfare  on  the  Church.  There  was, 
however,  a  steadfast  refusal  to  recognize  the  immense  change 
which  has  taken  place  within  recent  years  in  the  attitude  of  the 
clergy  toward  the  question  of  woman's  enfranchisement,  many 
of  whom  are  now  its  warmest  supporters,  and  most  of  whom, 
perhaps,  approve  of  the  entire  equality  of  women  in  all  other 
rights.  Equally  also  did  she  fail  to  realize  that  the  Scriptural 
authority  for  holding  women  in  an  inferior  position  is  already 
so  clearly  on  the  decline  as  to  need  no  dsmamite  to  hasten  its 
end.  All  of  Mrs.  Stanton's  early  declarations,  which  were  so  bit- 
terly condemned,  seen  now  in  true  perspective,  are  fully  justified; 
and  so  her  latest  utterances  on  the  religious  phase  of  this  ques- 
tion should  be  left  to  the  verdict  of  posterity,  that  will  be  farther 
along  on  the  highway  of  progress." 

The  writer  ventures  to  quote  briefly  from  two  more  of  her  own 
tributes  to  Mrs.  Stanton,  the  first  published  in  the  Review  of 
Reviews,  December,  1902 : 

How  much  of  Mrs.  Stanton's  world-wide  fame  is  due  to  Miss  Anthony 
cannot  possibly  be  computed.  Never  two  persons  more  thoroughly  comple- 
mented each  other.  Each  was  strong  where  the  other  was  lacking,  and  the 
two  made  a  perfectly  rounded  and  most  effective  whole.  It  would  not  be 
amiss  to  say  that  Mrs.  Stanton  furnished  the  base  of  supplies  to  which  Miss 
Anthony  went  for  the  ammunition  to  rout  the  enemy.  Or  that  she  repre- 
sented the  loom  and  the  warp,  Miss  Anthony  the  shuttle  and  the  woof,  and 
by  the  two  was  woven  the  enduring  fabric  of  woman's  present  position.  Mrs. 


1268  LIFE   AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.    ANTHONY.  [l902] 

Stanton  had  no  intellectual  superior  among  women,  few  among  men,  but 
she  reared  seven  children  to  maturity  and  was  a  devoted  mother,  an  un- 
surpassed housekeeper.  It  would  have  been  inevitable,  during  the  twenty- 
five  or  thirty  years  of  her  life,  while  these  children  were  growing  up  around 
her,  that  she  should  have  laid  aside  in  a  large  degree  both  writing  and 
speechmaking,  had  it  not  been  for  the  relentless  mentor  who  averted  this 
calamity.  .  .  .  The  happiest  moments  of  Miss  Anthon/s  life  were  when, 
at  the  close  of  a  great  speech,  she  saw  her  beloved  friend  greeted  with  cheers 
and  waving  handkerchiefs  and  felt  that  the  cause  of  woman  had  been  moved 
forward  a  step.    .    .    . 

The  powerful  influence  of  Mrs.  Stanton  and  Miss  Anthony  on  the  revolu- 
tion which  has  taken  place  in  the  status  of  women  during  the  past  fifty  years 
is  sometimes  denied,  and  the  assertion  made  that  this  has  been  merely  a  part 
of  the  natural  evolution  of  the  race.  The  battle  of  Lexington  did  not  secure 
the  independence  of  the  colonies,  but  here  was  fired  the  shot  that  echoed 
round  the  world.  That  First  Woman's  Rights  Convention,  and  those  which 
followed  in  the  early  '50's,  did  not  obtain  emancipation  for  woman,  but  they 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  whole  country  to  the  injustice  under  which  she 
struggled  and  set  people  to  thinking.  If  these  two  leaders  had  waged  their 
preliminary  fight  in  any  other  State,  it  probably  would  not  have  made  so 
widespread  an  impression;  but  a  half-century  ago,  as  now.  New  York  set 
the  pace  for  other  parts  of  the  Union.  Although  it  made  the  innovation  in 
1848  of  empowering  a  married  woman  to  hold  property,  it  was  not  until  i860, 
and  after  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Stanton  had  been  circulating  petitions  and 
besieging  the  Legislature  for  ten  years,  that  the  sweeping  laws  were  enacted 
which  enabled  the  wife  to  carry  on  business  in  her  own  name,  possess  her  earn- 
ings, bring  action  and  defend  suits,  make  a  contract  and  a  will  and  be  joint 
guardian  of  her  children. 

The  Other  of  the  articles  appeared  in  the  department  "Cause 
of  Woman"  in  the  New  York  Sun  of  November  2,  1902.  After 
a  resume  of  her  public  work  it  said :  *'Mrs.  Stanton  never  grew 
old  in  mind.  The  writer  of  these  lines  remembers  distinctly  the 
dignified  answer  received  when  daring  to  suggest  to  her,  about 
a  year  ago,  that  perhaps  she  would  take  a  different  view  of  a  cer- 
tain subject  if  she  were  more  closely  in  touch  with  outside  life. 
'With  the  metropolitan  newspapers  laid  fresh  upon  my  table 
every  morning;  with  the  magazines,  the  great  sermons  and 
speeches  and  the  new  books  of  the  day  constantly  at  hand,  I  am 
never  out  of  touch  with  any  part  of  the  world.'  Think  of  this 
answer  from  a  woman  of  eighty-six !" 

Then  giving  instances  of  her  lively  interest  in  this  department 
the  sketch  continued : 

The  past  two  years  during  the  preparation  of  the  fourth  volume  of  the 


[1902]  DEATH   OF   ELIZABETH    CADY   STANTON.  1 269 

History  of  Woman  Suffrage  have  brought  weekly  letters  from  Mrs.  Stanton, 
who,  with  Miss  Anthony  wrote  the  first  three  volumes  nearly  twenty  years 
ago.  Almost  invariably  they  began:  "As  I  was  wide  awake  last  night  for 
hours  when  I  should  have  been  asleep,  I  spent  the  time  in  thinking  of  you 
and  your  work."  Then  would  follow  pages  of  clear,  logical  suggestions  as  to 
subject-matter  and  arrangement,  showing  all  the  old-time  force  and  acumen. 
She  was  kept  informed  of  every  step  in  its  progress,  and  its  editors  were  in 
constant  apprehension  lest  she  should  pass  away  before  the  book  was  finished. 
When  finally  the  large  task  was  ended  and  all  was  in  type,  Miss  Anthony 
wrote  her  offering  to  send  the  proof  sheets,  but  she  answered  that  it  would 
be  unnecessary,  as  she  was  getting  all  her  work  out  of  the  way  and  every- 
thing in  order  so  that  she  might  take  uninterrupted  pleasure  in  having  the 
whole  book  read  to  her  as  soon  as  it  came  from  the  publishers.  It  waited 
only  the  Index,  but  now  it  will  never  be  read  by  the  one  of  all  others  whom 
it  was  destined  to  honor. 

The  disappointment  is  overwhelming,  and  it  is  only  mitigated  by  the 
thought  that  within  its  pages  are  preserved  for  posterity  an  unsurpassed  col- 
lection of  Mrs.  Stanton's  own  magnificent  speeches.  Through  these  eloquent 
addresses  will  speak  to  future  generations  one  of  the  world's  greatest  re- 
formers, and  as  they  read  they  will  marvel  that  a  Government  calling  itself 
a  republic  should  have  denied  to  such  a  woman  a  voice  in  its  councils ;  that  a 
people  boasting  of  their  political  liberty  should  have  refused  it  to  one  with 
the  soul  of  Samuel  Adams,  the  spirit  of  Patrick  Henry,  the  genius  of  George 
Washington.  We  look  back  with  amazement  and  contempt  on  those  who 
refused  to  women  the  right  of  free  speech,  of  education,  of  employment,  of 
ownership  in  property;  but  every  man  and  every  woman  who  would  deny  to 
them  the  right  of  individual  representation  in  the  Government  belongs  in  that 
early  category.  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  was  in  advance  of  her  generation 
in  the  middle  of  the  last  century;  she  was  in  advance  of  the  age  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  new  century ;  but  she  brought  the  world  so  nearly  to  her  own 
ideas  of  justice  that  she  was  able  to  pass  on  in  the  supreme  consciousness  that 
the  day  is  near  at  hand  for  their  complete  fulfilment. 

As  the  History  was  not  bound  when  Mrs.  Stanton  passed  away 
there  was  opportunity  to  add  an  account  of  her  death,  but  after 
much  consideration  Miss  Anthony  said,  "No,  we  will  not  sadden 
the  pages  with  it.  Let  her  go  down  to  posterity  in  all  the  four 
great  volumes  in  the  full  vigor  of  her  matchless  intellect  which 
will  live  forever."* 

*  There  was  another  grievous  disappointment  in  the  death  of  Miss  Helen  Blackburn,  of 
London,  editor  of  the  Englishwoman's  Review.  She  had  prepared  for  the  History  with- 
out financial  compensation  the  very  able  chapter  on  Great  Britain  and  her  Colonies,  and 
had  shown  the  deepest  interest  in  the  book,  writing  often  to  know  of  its  progress  and 
send  some  bit  of  information  for  it  The  volume  was  almost  ready  to  send  to  her,  when 
the  news  came  of  her  sudden  passing  away.  It  seemed  as  if  every  month  during  its  prep> 
aration  marked  the  death  of  some  one  whom  the  authors  had  expected  to  feel  much  pleasure 
because  her  name  and  work  had  found  a  place  in  its  pages. 


1270  LIFE   AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.    ANTHONY.  [19O2] 

At  the  last  interview  between  the  old  friends,  in  June,  it  had 
been  arranged  that  Miss  Anthony  should  go  to  New  York  to 
spend  Mrs.  Stanton's  eighty-seventh  birthday  with  her — No- 
vember 12.  Now  to  commemorate  the  day  she  went  to  Auburn, 
N.  Y.,  to  spend  it  with  Mrs.  Eliza  Wright  Osborne,  whose  aunt, 
Lucretia  Mott,  and  mother,  Martha  C.  Wright,  Mrs.  Mott's 
sister,  had  joined  with  Mrs.  Stanton  in  calling  and  conducting 
the  First  Woman's  Rights  Convention.  Mrs.  Wright's  home  was 
one  of  Miss  Anthony's  most  precious  places  of  refuge  in  the  early 
days  of  inhospitality  and  ostracism,  and  here  Mrs.  Stanton  also 
was  many  times  an  honored  guest.  When  the  mother  was  no 
more,  her  devotion  to  these  two  women  and  to  their  cause  passed 
to  the  daughter.  Miss  Anthony  had  sweet  recollections  of  this 
village,  which  itself  might  have  inspired  Goldsmith's  line,  and 
with  her  during  the  week  in  Mrs.  Osborne's  beautiful  home  were 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Smith  Miller,  daughter  of  Gerrit  Smith;  Ellen 
Wright  (Mrs.  Wm.  Lloyd)  Garrison,  Emily  Rowland  and  Anna 
Shaw — z  gproup  of  cherished  friends  uniting  with  her  in  tender 
memory  of  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton. 


CHAPTER  LXIL 

TO  PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT — PLACING  THE  SUFFRAGE  HISTORY. 

1902 — 1903. 

HE  closing  months  of  1902  passed  quietly  and  un- 
eventfully. Miss  Anthony  noted  in  her  diary  the 
death  of  Mrs.  Cornelia  C.  Hussey,  of  East  Orange, 
N.  J.,  who  left  a  bequest  of  $10,000  to  the  National 
Suffrage  Association.  She  pasted  in  the  little  book 
the  notice  from  the  New  York  Sun  which  ended ;  "Mrs.  Hussey 
frequently  said  there  were  many  women  who  could  speak  and 
write  for  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage  but  the  Lord  had  given 
her  only  one  talent,  that  for  making  money.  She  said  she  did 
not  mean  to  let  that  talent  rest  unused  and  she  amassed  a  large 
fortune  in  real  estate  investments,  from  which  she  was  a  liberal 
contributor  to  the  suffrage  cause.*'  Under  this  Miss  Anthony 
wrote :  "She  has  indeed  been  a  generous  giver  to  it  and  to  me  per- 
sonally for  nearly  twenty  years.  The  dear  woman  came  home 
on  the  same  steamer  with  me  nineteen  years  ago  and  we  walked 
the  deck  and  talked  for  hours  on  the  woman  question.  She  then 
declared  that  every  penny  of  her  surplus  profits  she  should  give 
towards  suffrage  and  she  has  kept  her  word  all  these  years." 
/  Miss  Anthony  went  to  more  club  meetings,  church  suppers,  re- 
ceptions and  little  dinner  parties  than  ever  before  in  the  same 
number  of  months,  for  it  was  the  first  time  in  her  life  that  ever  she 
had  any  leisure,  and  she  would  have  had  none  now  if  she  had  been 
able  to  work.  While  she  found  some  enjo3mient  in  these  social 
affairs  she  often  grew  very  restless  and,  although  no  word  of  com- 
plaint ever  escaped  her  lips,  it  was  evident  that  she  felt  rebellious 
against  physical  limitations  which  for  the  first  time  in  her  long 
career  were  making  impossible  the  things  she  most  desired  to  do. 
Ant.  Ill— II  (1271) 


1272  LIFE   AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.    ANTHONY.'  [19O2] 

She  always  found  pleasure  in  the  Sunday  morning  sermon  and  on 
one  of  these  days  she  wrote  in  her  journal :  "Mr.  Gannett  gave  a 
most  instructive  talk  on  The  Changing  Views  of  the  Bible  and 
said  his  grandmother  read  it  through  twenty-two  times.  Well, 
my  grandmother  read  it  through  every  year!'*  One  can  almost 
hear  the  note  of  pride — other  people  also  had  religious  grand- 
mothers ! 

I    One  day  a  postal  card  was  received  from  a  political  committee 
directed  simply  "  S.  B.  Anthony"  and  saying,  "The  records  show 
/that  you  have  not  yet  registered.    Please  do  so  at  once."  Members 
I'of  the  family  begged  Miss  Anthony  to  "come  back  at  the  commit- 
j  tee"  but  she  refused  flatly,  said  it  would  be  of  no  use  and  she 
/  wouldn't  be  bothered  with  it.    The  present  writer  felt  the  chance 
/  was  too  good  to  be  lost  so  she  wrote  on  the  postal:  "In  1872  I 
I   received  a  request  like  this  and  I  did  register  and  vote,  for  which 
I  was  arrested,  convicted  and  fined  $100.    Excuse  me  if  I  decline 
to  repeat  the  experience ;"  signed  Miss  Anthony's  name,  put  it  in 
an  envelope  and  sent  it  to  the  committee.    The  next  morning  when 
/    Miss  Anthony  opened  her  paper  she  was  amazed  to  see  in  big 
headlines,  Susan  B.  Anthony  Scores  One,  followed  by  the  con- 
tents of  the  card.    It  was  widely  copied  with  varying  comments 
and  she  had  as  much  amusement  out  of  it  as  anybody. 

In  November  a  letter  came  from  Mrs.  McKinley,  (written  by 
her  nurse  and  companion),  expressing  the  pleasure  she  had  re- 
ceived from  having  read  aloud  to  her  Miss  Anthony's  Biography 
and  asking  if  Miss  Anthony  would  accept  a  pair  of  slippers  which 
she  had  knit  especially  for  her.  The  letter  was  accompanied  by 
the  slippers  made  of  soft,  grey  wool  and  tied  with  pale  blue  rib- 
bons.   Miss  Anthony  sent  in  answer  the  following  letter : 

Dear  Mrs.  McKinley  :  I  have  often  thought  of  you  in  your  loneliness,  but 
your  dainty  slippers  cause  me  to  do  more  than  think.  I  now  write  you,  which 
I  have  essayed  to  do  many  times  since  the  going  out  from  your  home,  but 
not  your  heart,  of  that  dearly-beloved  husband.  How  well  I  remember  him 
the  last  time  I  saw  him — the  day  he  so  graciously  received  our  suffrage  dele- 
gates in  attendance  at  the  convention  of  1900— when  after  all  had  shaken 
hands  with  him,  he  said,  "Miss  Anthony,  may  I  take  you  to  see  Mrs.  Mc- 
Kinley, who  does  not, feel  able  to  meet  all  the  ladies?"  I  gladly  accepted  his 
proffered  arm  and  he  escorted  me  up  stairs  as  tenderly  as  if  I  had  been  his 


I 


/ 


[1902]  PLAaNG  THE  SUFFRAGE   HISTORY.  I273 

mother.  In  your  bright,  sunny  room  I  chatted  with  you  and  you  bade  him 
give  me  the  flowers  that  stood  on  the  table,  and  then  he  took  me  back  to  the 
parlor.  I  carried  the  beautiful  lilies  to  the  convention  that  evening  and  held 
them  up  before  the  vast  audience  and  said,  "Mrs.  McKinley  shakes  hands 
with  you  all  spiritually  and  sends  you  these  lovely  flowers."  Then  I  told 
them  of  my  interview  with  you.  Mr.  McKinley  was  a  genial,  lovable  man — ^the 
like  of  him  we  shall  never  see  again. 

Now  my  life-long  friend  and  co-worker,  Mrs,  Stanton,  has  passed  to  the 
beyond.  She  was  full  of  years,  her  work  was  finished.  None  may  grieve  over 
her  going,  for  her  spirit  lives,  her  words  for  the  education,  elevation  and  en- 
franchisement of  women  still  sound  in  our  ears.  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson  said, 

"No  accent  of  the  Holy  Ghost, 
This  heedless  world  hath  ever  lost." 

So,  like  John  Brown's,  like  William  McKinle/s,  Mrs.  Stanton's  soul  goes 
marching  on,  and  it  is  for  us  who  are  left  to  take  up  the  refrain  and  do  as 
they  did — ^make  the  world  better  for  our  having  lived. 

I  am  glad  you  are  enjoying  the  reading  of  my  Life  and  Work.  Mrs. 
Harper  has  made  a  very  interesting  story  of  what  seemed  to  me  all  the  way 
but  following  along  the  path  of  simplest  duty.  When  you  have  done  with 
that  you  should  have  the  ''Reminiscences  of  Mrs.  Stanton" — ^they  are  delight- 
ful. Volume  IV  of  the  History  of  Woman  Suffrage  will  soon  be  finished. 
You  will  rejoice  over  the  progress  woman  has  made  in  the  last  twenty  yearSb 
:I  shall  take  pleasure  in  sending  it  to  you.  Have  you  the  other  three  huge 
volumes?  If  not  I  will  send  them  at  the  same  time. 

Thanking  you  again  for  the  lovely  slippers— I  am  yours  in  love  and  sym- 
pathy. 

A  little  note  soon  came  back  saying :  "Mrs.  McKiniey  was  very 
pleased  to  receive  your  kind,  sympathetic  letter.  She  hopes  you 
will  wear  your  slippers,  for  she  will  make  you  another  pair  when 
those  are  worn  out.  Mrs.  McKinley  will  be  delighted  to  receive 
the  History  of  Woman  Suffrage  and  the  nurses  will  gladly  read 
it  to  her." 

Mrs.  Stanton  died  October  26.  On  the  22d  she  had  dictated  a 
letter  to  President  Roosevelt  asking  with  all  her  old-time  elo- 
quence that  he  would  recommend  in  his  coming  message  an 
amendment  to  the  National  Constitution  for  the  enfranchisement 
of  women.  On  the  25th,  just  twenty- four  hours  before  her  death, 
she  dictated  a  note  to  Mrs.  Roosevelt,  to  be  enclosed  in  the  letter, 
begging  her  to  urge  her  husband  to  this  action  and  to  use  her  in- 
fluence to  rouse  women  to  a  sense  of  their  duty  on  this  question. 
Miss  Anthony  had  been  intending  to  write  the  President  on  this 
subject,  and  November  28,  she  sent  the  following  letter : 


1274  LIFE   AND   WORK   OF   SUSAN   B.    ANTHONY.  [19O2] 

Dear  Mb.  President:  It  was  most  beautiful  and  appropriate  that  the  last 
act  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  should  have  been  to  appeal  to  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  for  a  recognition  of  that  right  which  she  had  la- 
bored over  half-a-century  to  obtain  for  women.  It  had  been  in  my  mind  for 
some  time  to  repeat  a  similar  plea  which  I  made  to  you  a  year  ago,  and 
since  the  death  of  my  loved  co-worker  I  have  thought  daily  that  I  would  add 
my  sanction  to  her  last  words.  They  are  fully  endorsed  also  by  the  National 
Suffrage  Association,  and  the  only  reason  you  have  not  received  an  official 
letter  on  the  subject  is  because  of  the  desire  not  to  embarrass  you  at  this 
critical  time  in  your  administration. 

I  realize  that  at  this  hour  your  Message  is  finished,  and  I  await  with  ex- 
treme anxiety  to  learn  if  Mrs.  Stanton's  request  has  had  the  effect  of  securing 
even  the  smallest  recognition  of  woman  in  that  important  document  I  have 
the  most  profound  admiration  for  the  courage  with  which  you  have  met  the 
grave  problems  of  the  day,  and  the  independence  of  party  restrictions  which 
you  have  shown.  I  would  not  ask  you,  even  for  the  sake  of  the  great  cause 
which  has  absorbed  my  whole  being  for  fifty  years,  to  jeopardize  your  re- 
election; but  every  progressive  step  which  you  have  thus  far  taken  has  but 
established  you  more  firmly  in  the  respect  and  affection  of  the  people.  Can 
you  and  will  you  not  dare  to  take  one  more? 

Hawaii  has  been  annexed  with  barriers  against  the  enfranchisement  of 
women  such  as  never  before  have  been  imposed  upon  a  Territory  of  the 
United  States.  In  spite  of  the  most  unimpeachable  testimony  before  the 
Congress  as  to  the  superiority  of  the  Philippine  women  over  the  men  of 
those  islands,  our  Government  is  beginning  already  to  grant  a  representation 
to  their  men  which  it  denies  to  their  women. 

It  is  probable  that  early  in  the  session  the  Congress  will  pass  an  enabling 
Act  for  three  Territories  to  enter  Statehood.  I  cannot  believe  that  any  con- 
siderable number  of  people  would  be  alienated  from  you  if  you  would  recom- 
mend that  their  Constitutions  shall  recognize  the  claims  of  women  to  the 
right  of  suffrage,  instead  of  compelling  them  to  beg  it  of  the  individual  voters 
after  the  States  are  organized. 

A  word  from  you,  President  Roosevelt,  on  any  phase  of  the  Woman 
Suffrage  question  would  be  of  inestimable  benefit  and  would  give  it  a  prestige 
and  a  sanction  which  would  carry  it  immeasurably  forward.  This  much  you 
can  do  now,  and  two  years  hence  it  will  be  within  your  power  to  send  it  to 
assured  victory. 

I  may  not  be  here  then,  as  I  should  be  nearly  eighty-five  years  old,  and  so 
I  take  this  opportunity  to  urge,  by  all  that  is  just  and  sacred,  that  before 
you  leave  your  high  office  you  will  recommend  to  Congress  the  submission 
of  an  Amendment  to  enfranchise  women.  It  would  be  as  noble  an  act  as  the 
Emancipation  Proclamation  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  and  would  render  you  im- 
mortal. I  need  not  suggest  to  you  the  immense  advantage  it  would  be  if 
women  could  carry  their  cause  to  the  Legislatures  instead  of  to  the  electorate. 
I  assure  you  that,  with  the  incentive  of  this  recommendation,  the  women  of 
the  country  would  roll  up  a  petition  which  would  give  you  and  it  and  the 
Congress  the  support  of  a  million  names. 

It  is  not  necessary  for  me  to  set  forth  to  you,  Mr.  President,  the  value 


[1902]'  'placing  the  suffrage  history.  1275 

which  the  suffrage  would  possess  for  women  or  the  benefit  which  the  Gov- 
ernment would  derive  from  their  votes.  Its  material  interests  require  no  as- 
sistance; its  moral  interests  languish  and  suffer.  Men  have  done  their  part 
grandly  in  the  former ;  women  have  been  prevented  from  doing  theirs  in  the 
latter.  How  eagerly  they  are  looking  to  you — the  only  President  who  has 
ever  offered  them  the  slightest  ground  for  hope — cannot  be  put  into  words. 
Thousands  of  men  also  are  waiting  for  you  to  give  the  sign.  Dear  Mr.  Roose- 
velt, let  us  not  watch  and  wait  in  vain. 

The  only  answer  from  the  White  House  was  a  mere  formal  ac- 
.  knowledgment  by  a  secretary,  and  neither  this  strong,  dignified 
;  appeal  nor  Mrs.  Stanton's  dying  message  ever  received  the  slight- 
.  est  consideration  from  President  Roosevelt. 
^     In  December  the  long  work  on  the  History  of  Woman  Suf- 
frage reached  its  close ;  the  last  page  of  index-proof  was  read  and 
dispatched  to  the  publishers ;  the  debris  of  paste  and  paper,  clip- 
pings and  old  letters,  scrap  books,  Congressional  Records,  muti- 
lated speeches  and  documents  galore  was  sent  to  limbo,  and  the 
attic  work  rooms  were  put  in  such  perfect  order  they  did  not  look 
natural.    On  Christmas  Eve  the  one  whose  expected  few  months' 
stay  had  lengthened  into  more  than  two-and-a-half  years  bade 
good  by  to  the  two  dear,  old  ladies  and  left  them  to  a  peace  and 
comfort  they  could  never  know  when  she  was  "in  their  midst/' 


[ 


It  has  been  said  that  one  of  the  great  projects  Miss  Anthony 
had  in  mind  when  she  resigned  the  presidency  of  the  National 
Association  was  the  raising  of  a  large  fund  the  interest  of  which 
should  be  used  for  suffrage  work.  She  had  intended  to  begin 
this  vast  undertaking  as  soon  as  she  had  disposed  of  the  accumu- 
lated business  awaiting  her  return  from  Washington,  but  the  blow 
that  followed  her  heroic  effort  for  the  opening  of  Rochester  Uni- 
versity to  women  left  a  physical  prostration  which  even  her  strong 
will  power  could  not  overcome,  and  at  last  she  was  compelled  to 
recognize  the  fact  that  her  long-cherished  scheme  would  have  to 
be  given  up.  About  $3,000  toward  this  fund  already  had  been 
sent  to  her  and  she  was  in  doubt  as  to  what  should  be  done  with 
\  the  money.  Miss  Shaw  and  others  begged  her  to  ask  the  sub- 
scribers to  permit  her  to  use  it  toward  publishing  the  History  and 


1276  LIFE   AND   WORK  OF   SUSAN   B.   ANTHONY.  [#902] 

j  after  much  urging  she  did  so.  The  principal  donors  were  Mrs. 
Pauline  Agassiz  Shaw,  of  Boston,  $i,ooo;  Dr.  Cordelia  A.  Green, 
of  Castile,  N.  Y.,  $500;  Mrs.  Emma  J.  Bartcrf,  of  Philadelphia, 
$200;  and  they  cheerfully  assented,  as  did  all  the  other  contrib- 

.  utors.  They  took  the  view  that  the  money  was  intended  to  pro- 
mote the  cause  of  woman  suffrage  and  that  this  could  be  done  in 

j  no  more  effective  way  than  by  publishing  and  distributing  this 

'  record  of  the  movement.  Miss  Anthony  had  received  about 
$1,200  in  money  on  her  eightieth  birthday,  given  for  her  own  per- 
sonal use,  but  she  had  set  it  aside  to  apply  on  the  History.  Where 
the  rest  of  the  necessary  sum  was  to  come  from  she  did  not  know, 
but,  as  has  often  been  said,  she  never  delayed  action  for  this  rea- 
son. The  $500  presented  on  her  eighty-first  birthday  was  added 
to  the  $4,200  but  the  whole  amount  did  not  cover  all  the  expenses 
connected  with  the  publication  of  the  3,000  copies  of  Volume  IV, 
their  wide  distribution  and  the  rest  of  her  broad  project. 

There  had  remained  of  the  first  three  volumes  1,000  sets  of 
unbound  sheets  on  which  she  had  been  paying  storage  for  twenty 
years  and  she  decided  to  have  these  bound  and  made  ready  to  sell 
or  give  away.  Those  who  were  near  to  her  implored  her  not  to 
incur  this  great  expense  but  they  could  not  shake  her  determina- 
tion. To  carry  out  the  plan  she  had  to  draw  on  her  slender  bank 
account,  and  when  the  books  were  all  ready  she  literally  had  not 
one  dollar  left  on  deposit.  She  had  no  publishers  to  advertise 
them,  as  she  naturally  had  preferred  to  keep  them  within  her 
own  control,  and  so  in  order  to  give  them  publicity  she  adopted 
the  plan  of  sending  circulars.  A  t3rpe-writer  was  employed  who 
did  nothing  else;  lists  of  libraries,  universities,  etc.,  were  ob- 
tained ;  stamps  were  purchased  $50  worth  at  a  time;  records  were 
kept  of  all  the  letters  sent,  answers  received  and  packages  ex- 
pressed. This  required  the  keeping  of  several  ledgers  which 
was  done  by  Miss  Anthony  heriself.  When  no  answer  came 
after  a  certain  length  of  time  another  letter  and  circular  were 
mailed.  Many  copies  were  sent  to  the  magazines  and  newspapers. 
Every  library  which  had  the  other  three  volumes — and  there 
were  about  1,200  of  them — ^was  asked  to  state  whether  those  were 
bound  in  muslin  or  leather  so  that  the  fourth  could  be  sent  to 


[1903]  PLACING   THE   SUFFRAGE   HISTORY.  I277 

match  them.  This  included  much  foreign  correspondence,  as  the 
first  three  had  been  placed  in  all  the  large  libraries  of  other  coun- 
tries. 

This  work  was  commenced  in  the  autumn  of  1902  and  con- 
tinued through  the  winter  of  1903.  There  was  much  delay  by  the 
publishers  and  Miss  Anthony  became  very  impatient.  Finally 
when  the  end  of  it  seemed  to  be  near,  a  fire  broke  out  and  de- 
stroyed all  the  bindings.  This  calamity  was  more  easily  borne 
because  of  the  deep  thankfulness  that  the  unbound  sheets  and 
the  plates  had  not  gone  also.  It  was  March  6  when  the  first  in- 
stallment of  big  boxes  filled  with  books  made  their  appearance, 
but  after  that  they  came  rapidly.  Miss  Mary  was  driven  to  de- 
spair. After  several  tons  had  been  carried  to  the  attic  she  was 
informed  that  if  any  more  went  up  there  the  house  was  likely  to 
collapse.  Then  the  cellar  was  packed  till  there  was  only  space 
enough  to  put  coal  into  the  furnace  and  an  accidental  spark  would 
cause  a  tremendous  conflagration.  The  wood-shed  was  filled 
until  there  was  just  room  to  get  in  and  out  the  kitchen  door, 
and  at  last  it  was  necessary  to  turn  the  daily  arrival  of  huge 
boxes  in  the  direction  of  a  storage  warehouse.  All  hands  were 
now  set  to  work  doing  up  packages  to  fill  the  orders — Miss  Mary, 
the  secretary,  the  t3rpe-writers,  the  maid.  Reams  of  wrapping 
paper  were  brought  in,  cord  by  the  dozen  balls,  comer  protectors 
by  the  pound,  and  the  expressman  was  a  daily  visitor.  It  is  hardly 
possible  to  realize  the  labor  and  time  this  meant  for  a  private 
household,  and  there  was  more  or  less  of  it  constantly  for  the 
next  four  years. 

Nobody,  however,  could  grudge  time,  labor  or  expense  in 
view  of  Miss  Anthony's  great  joy  and  satisfaction  in  the  com- 
pletion of  this  historical  work.  Her  struggles  in  the  preparation 
of  the  first  three  volumes,  extending  through  ten  years,  have  been 
many  times  related.  For  twenty  years  thereafter  she  had  con- 
stantly in  mind  the  fourth  volume;  the  care  of  collecting  and 
preserving  the  data  that  would  be  required;  the  feeling  of  re- 
sponsibility which  came  from  the  almost  certain  knowledge  that 
upon  her  would  depend  the  production  of  this  book;  and  the 
assertion  hardly  will  be  questioned  that  except  for  her  keen 


1278  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O3I 

sense  of  its  importance,  her  unflagging  persistence  and  her  genius 
for  overcoming  obstacles  it  never  would  have  been  written.  Fol- 
lowing is  a  portion  of  the  Preface  to  Volume  IV : 

It  is  to  Miss  Anthony,  that  the  world  is  indebted  for  this  as  well  as  the 
other  volumes.  It  was  she  who  conceived  the  idea;  through  her  came  the 
money  for  its  publication;  for  several  years  her  own  home  has  been  given 
up  to  the  mass' of  material,  the  type-writers,  the  coming  and  going  of  count- 
less packages,  the  indescribable  annoyances  and  burdens  connected  with  a 
matter  of  this  kind.  In  addition  she  has  borne  from  her  private  means  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  expenses,  and  has  endured  the  physical  weariness 
and  mental  anxiety  at  a  time  when  she  has  earned  the  right  to  complete  rest 
and  freedom  from  care.  There  is  not  a  chapter  which  has  not  had  the  in- 
estimable benefit  of  her  acute  criticism  and  matured  judgment. 

The  demand  is  widespread  that  the  information  which  this  book  contains 
should  be  put  into  accessible  shape.  Miss  Anthony  herself  and  the  suffrage 
headquarters  in  New  York  are  flooded  with  inquiries  for  statistics  as  to  the 
gains  which  have  been  made,  the  laws  for  women,  the  present  status  of  the 
question  and  arguments  that  can  be  used  in  the  debates  which  are  now  of 
frequent  occurrence  in  Legislatures,  universities,  schools  and  clubs  in  all  parts 
of  the  country.  Practically  everything  that  can  be  desired  on  these  points  will 
be  fotind  herein.  The  first  twenty-two  chapters  contain  the  whole  argument 
in  favor  of  the  granting  the  franchise  to  women,  as  every  phase  of  the  ques- 
tion is  touched  and  every  objection  considered  by  the  ablest  of  speakers.  It 
has  been  a  special  object  to  present  here  in  compact  form  the  reasons  on 
which  is  based  the  claim  for  woman  suffrage.  In  Chapter  XXIV  and  those 
following  are  included  the  laws  pertaining  to  women,  their  educational  and 
industrial  opportunities,  the  amount  of  suffrage  they  possess,  the  offices  they 
may  fill,  legislative  action  on  matters  concerning  them,  and  the  part  which 
the  suffrage  associations  have  had  in  bringing  about  present  conditions. 
There  are  also  chapters  on  the  progress  made  in  foreign  countries  and  on 
the  organized  work  of  women  in  other  lines  besides  that  of  the  franchise. 
All  the  care  possible  has  been  taken  to  make  each  chapter  accurate  and  com- 
plete. 

Beginning  with  1884,  where  Volume  III  closes,  the  present  volume  ends 
with  the  century.  This  is  not  a  book  which  must  necessarily  wait  upon  pos- 
terity for  its  readers,  but  it  is  filled  with  live,  up-to-date  information.  Its 
editors  take  the  greatest  pleasure  in  presenting  it  to  the  young,  active,  progres- 
sive men  and  women  of  the  present  day,  who,  without  doubt,  will  bring  to  a 
successful  end  the  long  and  difficult  contest  to  secure  that  equality  of  rights 
which  belongs  alike  to  all  the  citizens  of  this  largest  of  republics  and  greatest 
of  nations. 

Miss  Anthony  said  many  times  that  when  this  volume  was 
finished  and  placed  in  the  libraries  of  the  world  with  the  other 


i. 


[1903]  PLACING   THE  SUFFRAGE   HISTORY.  12/9 

three  she  would  feel  that  her  life-work  was  practically  ended. 
She  was  entirely  satisfied  with  the  book ;  it  received  many  columns 
of  able  reviews  from  the  newspapers  and  magazines  and  not  one 
disparaging  criticism;  she  lived  to  know  that  it  occupied  its 
rightful  position  by  the  side  of  the  others  on  the  shelves  of  all 
libraries  of  consequence;  and  these  facts  gave  much  peace  and 
happiness  to  her  closing  years.  She  contrasted  many  times  the 
reception  accorded  this  and  the  other  volumes,  which  were  far 
more  interesting  and  valuable  in  subject  matter,  and  she  regarded 
it  as  an  indication  of  the  advance  in  public  sentiment  on  the  ques- 
tion of  woman  suffrage.  As  an  apt  illustration :  The  others  were 
presented  by  her  to  Harvard  University  less  than  twenty  years 
before  and  were  declined  by  the  authorities  and  returned  to  her. 
An  unsolicited  order  accompanied  by  a  check  was  sent  for  this 
volume  by  that  institution.  Orders  were  received  from  Yale, 
Michigan  and  other  large  universities  and  from  many  libraries 
long  before  the  book  was  finished,  sent  merely  from  seeing  stray 
paragraphs  saying  it  was  in  preparation.  Libraries  and  persons 
that  were  able  to  pay  for  it  Miss  Anthony  permitted  to  do  so,  but 
to  those  that  could  not  afford  it  but  would  make  good  use  of  it 
she  gladly  gave  it  without  price.  She  received  altogether  about 
enough  to  replace  the  few  thousands  taken  from  her  own  private 
funds,  but  she  never  had  a  dollar  of  profit.  This  she  did  not  ex- 
pect but  felt  a  hundred-fold  repaid  in  having  the  history  of  the 
movement  for  the  emancipation  of  woman  permanently  recorded. 
The  plates,  copyright  and  remaining  volumes  were  left  as  a 
legacy  to  the  National  American  Suffrage  Association. 


Many  beautiful  acknowledgments  of  Volume  IV  were  received 
by  Miss  Anthony,  among  them  a  letter  of  thanks  from  the 
Countess  of  Aberdeen,  ending,  "With  kindest  regards  from  Lord 
Aberdeen  and  myself;"  one  from  Lady  Henry  Somerset  signed, 
"Yours  in  the  ties  which  must  always  bind  us  very  closely ;"  one 
from  Lady  Battersea  beginning,  "I  am  much  touched  and  grati- 
fied by  your  kind  thought  of  me;"  saying,  "I  treasure  the  re- 
membrance of  the  delightful  talk  we  had  at  the  house  of  my 


I28o  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1903] 

mother,"  (Lady  Rothschild),  and  ending,  "I  should  like  to  look 
forward  to  the  possibility  of  meeting  you  at  the  International 
Council  in  Berlin  next  year;"  one  from  Mrs.  Creighton,  wife  of 
the  Lord  Bishop  of  London,  concluding,  "I  am  sure  it  would  be 
a  pleasure  to  many  if  you  could  go  to  the  Berlin  Congress." 

There  were  appreciative  letters  from  William  T.  Stead,  editor 
Review  of  Reviews;  from  Miss  Emily  Tanes,  organizing  secre- 
tary of  the  National  Union  of  Women  Workers,  the  largest  so- 
ciety of  women  in  Great  Britain;  from  Mrs.  Florence  Fenwick 
Miller,  member  of  the  London  School  Board ;  from  Miss  Flora 
Stevenson,  LL.D.  of  the  University  of  Edinburgh  and  Presi- 
dent of  the  Public  School  Board;  from  men  and  women  eminent 
in  many  and  varied  activities.  Her  beloved  friend,  Mrs.  Priscilla 
Bright  McLaren,  sister,  wife  and  mother  of  distinguished  mem- 
bers of  Parliament,  said  in  the  course  of  a  long  letter :  "When 
I  read  the  Introduction  I  was  more  than  ever  impressed  with 
what  it  has  cost  to  try  to  persuade  men  to  give  the  franchise  to 
women — ^that  simple  act  of  justice — and  how  much  the  world  has 
been  held  back  by  keeping  woman  out  of  her  right  place  in  it. 
.  .  .  How  lovingly  you  have  labored !  There  is  no  one  whose 
work,  whose  intuitions,  whose  foresight  have  been  equal  to  yours, 
and  there  is  no  one  who  has  practiced  such  self-denial  for  the 
good  of  women."  Miss  H.  M.  White,  principal  of  Alexandria 
College,  Dublin,  wrote:  "We  women  who  are  enjoying  the 
benefit  which  you  and  other  pioneers  so  hardly  won  for  us  can 
never  sufficiently  recognize  our  debt  to  you,  and  I  am  always 
trying  to  impress  this  fact  on  my  scholars." 

The  Baroness  Gripenberg,  of  Finland,  said  in  her  letter:  "It 
has  been  a  revelation  and  a  source  of  constant  inspiration  for  me 
to  read  this  volume  and  to  think  that  you  at  your  high  age  have 
had  the  power,  mental  and  physical,  to  send  out  such  a  work 
into  the  world.  Often  I  wonder  if  you  have  an  idea  of  how  much 
you  and  Mrs.  Stanton  have  influenced  my  life.  You  may  know 
— ^you  can  see  it — ^how  much  you  have  influenced  the  women  of 
your  own  country ;  but  I  want  that  you  should  know  how  vividly 
we  Finnish  women  feel  our  gratitude  to  you,  how  we  follow  what 
you  speak  and  write.   Is  it  not  wonderful  how  great  ideas  unite 


Copyright,  Lafayette,  Ix>nd(>n. 

THE  LADY  BATTERSEA. 


[1903]  PLACING   THE  SUFFRAGE   HISTORY.  I281 

different  peoples  ?  Thousands  of  women  here  in  Finland  cannot 
read  English,  but  still  they  know  you,  have  read  your  speeches 
and  enjoyed  your  articles." 

From  Berlin  the  honored  Fraulein  Helene  Lange  wrote:  "I 
am  very  happy  to  say  that  the  precious  volumes  are  safe  in  my 
hands,  and  the  first  use  I  shall  make  of  them  is  to  write  an  article 
for  my  magazine  Die  Frau,  on  your  life  and  work."  The 
Baroness  von  Beschwitz  sent  from  Dresden  warmest  thanks  for 
herself  and  the  gifted  Frau  Marie  Stritt,  president  of  the  German 
Council  of  Women.  In  the  letter  of  Anita  Augspurg,  the  only 
woman  Doctor  of  Jurisprudence  in  Germany,  she  said:  "This 
book  is  a  profound  source  of  valuable  instruction  in  all  details  of 
the  suffrage  question.  I  am  glad  to  have  it  also  on  account  of  the 
author,  dear  Miss  Anthony,  whom  I  adore  with  all  my  heart/' 
Frau  Minna  Cauer,  editor  of  Frauenbewegung  and  a  pioneer  of 
the  suffrage  movement  in  Germany,  wrote:  "Your  book  gave 
me  immense  pleasure — ^nay,  more — it  showed  me  your  grand 
work  and  gave  me  a  still  higher  idea  of  the  struggle  of  your 
whole  life.  We  women  of  Germany  look  upon  you  as  the  one  who 
has  always  had  the  flag  in  her  hand,  and  who  never  let  the  flag 
drop  down  even  when  the  hand  grew  tired  and  weak.  I  shall 
study  this  book,  I  shall  write  of  it  in  my  own  and  other  papers, 
I  shall  recommend  it  to  libraries." 

The  leader  of  the  work  for  woman  suffrage  in  France,  Madame 
Hubertine  Auclert,  wrote:  "I  will  read  this  precious  volume,  I 
will  speak  of  it  in  the  journals  of  Paris,  I  will  translate  it,  and 
it  shall  be  as  well  known  in  France  as  if  it  were  written  in  our 
own  tongue."  Theodore  Stanton  said  in  a  letter  from  Paris: 
"You  and  Mrs.  Harper  deserve  much  credit  for  having  sent  out 
this  book  in  such  perfect  form.  It  makes  a  fine  ending  to  the 
series."  He  then  proposed  that  the  two  authors  should  come  over 
with  his  sister,  Mrs.  Blatch,  and  in  his  home  in  Paris  all  should 
prepare  a  biography  of  Mrs.  Stanton.  "You  should  have  a  good 
rest,  dear  Susan,"  he  said,  "the  others  would  work  and  we  could 
have  a  charming  winter." 

These  letters  will  convey  an  idea  of  the  reception  of  the  book 
abroad.    It  is  manifestly  impossible  to  give  any  adequate  ex- 


1282  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O3] 

amples  of  the  letters  from  the  United  States.  Many  of  the 
librarians  sent  with  the  receipt  for  the  volume  cordial  messages 
of  appreciation  of  Miss  Anthony  and  the  work  of  her  long  years. 
Individual  letters  were  received  from  many  eminent  men  and 
from  the  presidents  of  most  organizations  of  women.  Two  or 
three  instances  will  illustrate  the  scope.  The  Hon.  Andrew  D. 
White,  former  president  of  Cornell  University :  "I  have  written 
to  the  librarian  of  the  library  which  bears  my  name  at  Cornell 
asking  him  to  subscribe  for  this  volume.  It  gives  me  great  pleas- 
ure to  do  this  for  I  recognize  the  immense  value  of  your  services 
to  the  country,  and  also  the  great  present  and  future  interest  in 
this  book  that  records  the  achievements  of  yourself  and  others 
engaged  in  the  noble  work  which  you  have  given  your  life  to 
promote."  From  Wm.  Lloyd  Garrison:  "You  have  preserved 
material  of  great  value  to  future  historians  of  the  movement, 
and  your  work  is  a  monument  of  labor  and  industry.'*  From  Mrs. 
Josephine  Silone- Yates,  president  National  Association  of  Col- 
ored Women  and  professor  in  Lincoln  Institute,  Missouri:  "I 
consider  this  book,  sent  me  by  the  most  remarkable  woman  of  the 
age — ^by  one  who  has  made  it  easier  for  all  women,  irrespective 
of  race  or  color,  to  succeed — as  the  most  valuable  gift  I  ever  re- 
ceived. I  shall  bequeath  it  to  my  daughter  that  she  may  not  fail 
to  know  of  the  long  and  brave  contest  for  equality  of  rights  for 
women." 

Of  these  volumes  Miss  Anthony  herself  wrote:  "These  rec- 
ords will  tell  future  generations  of  the  heroic  struggle  made  by 
the  few  for  the  masses  of  the  unthinking,  unphilosophical  women 
of  the  past  and  the  present."  This  is  indeed  true,  and  but  for  these 
books  the  story  would  have  been  forever  lost,  and  but  for  Miss 
Anthony  they  would  never  have  been  written. 

The  distribution  of  the  History  was  not  Miss  Anthony's  only 
work  during  this  winter  of  1903.  It  had  long  been  a  question 
with  her  what  to  do  with  all  her  books  and  historical  documents 
after  she  had  finished  with  them,  but  her  old  friend,  Mr.  Ains- 
worth  R.  SpoflFord,  librarian  emeritus  of  the  Library  of  Congress, 
solved  the  doubt  by  asking  her  to  place  them  there  A  careful 


[1903]  PLACING  THE   SUFFRAGE   HISTORY.  I283 

selection  was  made  of  several  hundred  and  then  it  was  suggested 
to  her  that  the  value  of  these  would  be  infinitely  increased  if  she 
would  put  her  autograph  in  each.  With  her  this  always  meant  to 
write  a  sentence  or  two,  and  on  the  last  of  January  she  said  in 
a  letter  to  the  present  writer :  "That  was  a  pretty  task  you  set  for 
me  to  do!  Every  blessed  minute  that  I  could  spare  during  this 
whole  month  I  have  used  in  writing  in  those  books/'  Each  con- 
tained her  name  and  one  or  more  lines  on  the  fly-leaf  and  if  this 
shall  be  found  missing  in  the  future  it  may  be  known  that  the 
temptation  was  too  strong  for  the  autograph  collector.  Four 
large  wooden  boxes  of  these  books  were  sent  to  Washington  on 
February  6.  Among  them  were  complete  files  of  Garrison's 
famous  Abolitionist  paper.  The  Liberator,  begun  about  1832  and 
continued  till  the  slaves  were  emancipated;  of  the  Anti-Slavery 
Standard,  which  mmibered  Wendell  Phillips,  Lydia  Maria  Child 
and  Parker  Pillsbury  among  its  editors ;  and  of  Miss  Anthony's 
own  loved  paper,  The  Revolution,  edited  by  Mrs.  Stanton,  Mr. 
Pillsbury  and  herself.  There  were  files  of  The  Woman's  Journal 
and  The  Woman's  Tribune,  and  sets  of  the  Ballot-Box  and  Citi- 
zen, the  Lily,  the  Una  and  other  women's  papers  long  since  for- 
gotten. In  the  collection  were  the  works  of  Mary  WoUstone- 
craft  and  Lady  Morgan,  of  the  18th  century;  old  books  written 
by  Pillsbury  and  Stephen  Foster  and  the  Grimke  sisters ;  Bibles, 
hymn  books,  medical  works  and  school  books  over  a  century  old ; 
ancient  speeches,  poems  and  fables,  and  documents  of  various 
sorts  long  out  of  print.  Many  autograph  copies  from  the  authors 
were  sent.  In  Mr.  Spofford's  opinion  the  most  valuable  part  of 
the  contribution  was  Miss  Anthony's  scrap  books  covering  a 
period  of  over  fifty  years. 

It  was  at  first  the  intention  to  place  these  books  in  an  alcove 
by  themselves  but  they  were  found  to  cover  so  wide  a  range  of 
subjects  that  it  was  necessary  to  distribute  them.  They  were 
catalogued,  however,  as  the  "Susan  B.  Anthony  Collection"  and 
a  handsome  book  plate  was  designed  for  them.  This  was  the 
first  collection  presented  to  the  Library  of  Congress  by  a  woman. 

The  reporters  always  hastened  to  Miss  Anthony  for  her  opin- 


1284  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O3] 

ion  on  all  sociological  questions  that  were  attracting  public  at- 
tention and  of  course  she  was  interviewed  on  President  Eliot's 
statement  that  the  average  of  Harvard  graduates'  children  is 
less  than  two.  "That  is  quite  enough,"  she  is  quoted  as  saying. 
"Harvard  graduates  do  not  always  make  the  best  fathers.  Why 
should  we  be  agitated  pver  the  too  small  families  of  the  rich 
when  there  are  so  many  children  of  the  poor  that  are  not  cared 
for?  The  rich  should  make  it  their  duty  to  raise  up  these  chil- 
dren to  a  higher  standard.  ...  It  is  not  so  much  the  uni- 
versity education  that  postpones  marriage  as  the  habits  of  men. 
Students  often  marry  in  the  midst  of  their  college  course.  Men 
of  the  world  hate  to  give  up  their  tobacco,  liquor,  sports,  clubs, 
their  luxurious  habits,  their  freedom  from  responsibility.  They 
prefer  to  flock  together  and  so  women  are  compelled  to  do  the 
same.  President  Eliot  talks  as  though  the  young  women  were 
sitting  around  anxiously  and  aimlessly  waiting  for  the  graduates 
to  come  and  get  them.  He  would  find,  if  he  should  make  the 
proper  investigation,  that  a  class  of  women  is  being  developed 
who  are  demanding  a  higher  standard  of  morals  in  men  than 
did  those  of  past  generations,  and  if  they  cannot  get  husbands 
who  reach  this  standard  they  are  making  very  satisfactory  careers 
for  themselves  outside  of  marriage.  ...  If  every  family 
reared  but  two  children  there  would  be  no  shortage  of  population. 
However  that  is  a  problem  that  will  have  to  work  itself  out.  It 
can  not  be  regulated  by  law  or  public  sentiment/' 

A  campaign  for  a  woman  suffrage  amendment  to  the  proposed 
constitution  for  New  Hampshire  was  in  progress  and  those  who 
had  it  in  charge  were  very  desirous  that  Miss  Anthony  should 
aid  if  only  to  the  extent  of  sitting  on  the  platform  at  the  meetings 
and  giving  the  moral  effect  of  her  presence.  She  declined  to  do 
this,  saying  that  they  might  as  well  begin  now  as  a  little  later  to 
conduct  their  campaigns  without  her  personal  assistance.  Her 
health  at  this  time  was  far  more  precarious  than  those  outside  of 
her  family  suspected  and  there  were  frequent  references  in  the 
diary  to  the  condition  of  her  heart:  "It  sometimes  acts  as  if  I 
had  been  running  at  the  top  of  my  speed,  and  then  it  almost 


[1903]  PLACING  THE   SUFFRAGE   HISTORY.  1285 

Stops/'  "I  cannot  lie  on  my  left  side  with  any  comfort."  "I  hear 
its  beating,  awake  or  asleep."  Of  all  this  she  made  no  outward 
sign  but  as  far  as  her  strength  would  allow  kept  steadily  at  the 
tasks  she  had  set  for  herself. 

This  winter  was  one  of  the  few  times  that  Miss  Anthony 
spent  her  birthday  in  Rochester  and  she  was  glad  of  an  oppor- 
tunity to  celebrate  it  in  her  own  house.  A  simple  announcement 
in  the  newspapers  stated  that  she  would  be  "at  home"  from  three 
to  five  and  from  eight  to  ten ;  that  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw 
would  be  with  her,  and  that  she  hoped  all  remembrances  would 
take  the  form  of  contributions  to  the  New  Hampshire  campaign. 
The  15th  of  February  came  on  Sunday  and  Miss  Shaw's  birth- 
day was  on  the  14th,  but  the  two  anniversaries  were  observed  on 
Monday.  Dainty  souvenirs  had  been  prepared,  little  cards  with 
a  picture  of  Miss  Anthony  on  one,  Miss  Shaw  on  another  and 
sentiments  from  both  on  a  third,  tied  together  with  yellow  rib- 
bon.* As  usual  in  that  city  near  the  lake  there  was  a  big  snow 
storm  but  over  two  hundred  men  and  women  came  to  bring  their 
greetings.  There  were  scores  of  letters  and  telegrams,  among 
the  latter  one  from  Eugene  V.  Debs  which  said :  "My  heartiest 
congratulations  upon  the  triumphs  of  your  noble  life  struggle. 
You  are  honored  by  a  nation  and  will  be  remembered  with  love 
and  gratitude  by  all  mankind."  The  rooms  were  beautifully 
decorated  with  the  plants  and  flowers  sent  by  friends  and  the 
suffrage  flags  draped  on  the  walls*  Miss  Anthony  wore  the  hand- 
some old  garnet  velvet,  which  she  always  donned  when  she 
wished  to  show  especial  honor  to  audience  or  guests,  and  was 
very  happy  in  receiving  her  own  townspeople,  treating  those 
from  all  stations  in  life  with  the  same  genuine  cordiality. 

The  Rochester  Post-Express,  in  a  dignified  editorial  of  over 
a  column,  showed  the  revolution  which  had  taken  place  in  the 
status  of  women  since  Miss  Anthony  began  her  labors  and  com- 
mented :  "It  can  be  said  in  all  truth  that  the  indirect  result  of  the 
suffrage  movement  has  been  of  priceless  value  to  the  women  of 

1  In  the  diary  that  night  was  written,  '*It  seems  so  strange  to  link  with  mine  any  other 
name  than  Mrs.  Stanton's."  But  since  the  time  had  come  when  there  must  be  another 
she  preferred  Anna  Shaw's  to  all  others. 


1286  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O3] 

the  United  States.  ...  It  is  because  of  Miss  Anthony's 
work  in  removing  the  prejudice  and  thus  enabling  women  to  do 
whatever  they  please  that  we  extend  to  her  our  heartiest  con- 
gratulations." 

The  Democrat  and  Chronicle  said  editorially : 

Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  is  today  receiving  the  congratulations  of  her 
friends,  near  and  far,  on  the  vigor  of  body  and  peace  of  mind  she  enjoys  on 
this,  her  eighty-third  birthday.  Rochester  unanimously  joins  in  these  con- 
gratulations. 

The  life  of  our  distinguished  townswoman  has  been  heroic  in  its  ideals, 
endeavors  and  accomplishments.  The  emancipation  of  womanhood  from 
legal  and  social  disabilities  which  formerly  hampered  the  lives  of  her  sex 
has  been  the  one  supreme  purpose  of  Miss  Anthony's  life.  She  aimed  far 
and  high.  Her  program  was  comprehensive,  and  never  by  any  concession  to 
her  opponents  has  she  compromised  her  position  or  lowered  her  aim.  .  .  . 
There  are  some  persons  who  appear  well  in  their  achievements  and  writings 
but  are  a  disappointment  upon  personal  acquaintance.  Miss  Anthony  is  not 
one  of  these.  There  is  ozone  in  the  atmosphere  of  her  personal  influence. 
Her  directness,  common  sense,  vigor  of  thought  and  utterance,  and  honesty 
of  spirit  captivate  and  inspire  all  who  will  give  her  a  hearing.  She  has  al- 
ways had  unshaken  faith  in  her  objectives,  but  has  ever  been  ready  to  listen 
to  and  heed  advice  concerning  methods  if  her  judgment  could  be  satisfied. 

But  far  be  it  from  our  purpose  to  speak  of  her  as  of  the  past.  Though  rich 
in  years  and  in  the  records  of  an  earnest  and  fruitful  life,  she  is  still  of  the 
present  with  all  its  intensity  and  activity,  and  thousands  of  friends  are  today, 
with  their  congratulations,  sending  sincere  and  cordial  wishes  that  she  may 
long  remain  to  stimulate  the  life  and  thought  of  this  generation  as  she  did 
the  thought  and  life  of  its  immediate  predecessors. 

At  the  very  hour  of  this  birthday  celebration  a  mass  meeting 
of  n^joes  was  held  in  Cooper  Union,  New  York,  to  protest 
against  the  disfranchisement  of  their  race  in  the  Southern  States, 
and  the  following  letter  from  Miss  Anthony  was  read  amidst 
much  enthusiasm:  "To  refuse  to  qualified  women  and  colored 
men  the  right  of  suffrage  and  still  count  them  in  the  basis  of 
representation  is  to  add  insult  to  injury  and  is  as  unjust  as  it  is 
unreasonable.  The  trouble,  however,  is  farther  back  and  deeper 
than  the  disfranchisement  of  the  negro.  When  men  deliberately 
refused  to  include  women  in  the  Fourteenth  and  Fifteenth 
Amendments  to  the  National  Constitution  they  left  the  way  open 
for  all  forms  of  injustice  to  other  and  weaker  men  and  peoples. 
Men  who  fail  to  be  just  to  their  mothers  cannot  be  expected  to 


[1903]  PLACING  THE  SUFFRAGE   HISTORY.  1287 

be  just  to  each  other.  The  whole  evil  comes  from  the  failure  to 
apply  equal  justice  to  all  mankind,  men  and  women  alike.  There- 
fore I  am  glad  to  join  with  those  who  are  like  sufferers  with  my 
sex  in  a  protest  against  counting  in  the  basis  of  representation  in 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  or  in  the  Legislatures  of  the 
States,  those  of  any  class  or  sex  who  are  disfranchised." 


Ant.  Ill— 12 


CHAPTER  LXIII. 

ADVICE   TO   TEACHERS — MISS   ANTHONY's   DOMESTIC   LIFE. 

1903. 

HE  National  Suffrage  Convention  of  1903  was  held 
in  New  Orleans,  La.,  March  19-25.  Miss  Anthony, 
her  sister  Mary  and  her  friend  and  physician,  Dr. 
Marcena  Sherman-Ricker,  left  Rochester  for  that 
city  on  the  13th.  They  stopped  two  days  in  Wash- 
ington, as  a  winter  never  seemed  complete  to  Miss  Anthony 
without  a  visit  to  that  scene  of  so  many  vital  events  in  her  life. 
The  historic  St.  Charles  Hotel  was  headquarters  for  the  dele- 
gates and  the  meetings  were  held  in  the  large  Athenaeum,  which 
had  not  sufficient  capacity  for  the  audience  at  any  evening  ses- 
sion. The  reports  in  the  daily  papers  were  long  and  enthusiastic, 
and,  under  the  management  of  Miss  Kate  M.  Gordon  and  her 
capable  committees,  the  convention  was  complete  and  successful  in 
every  detail.  The  delegates  were  entertained  with  typical  Southern 
hospitality  and  routine  proceedings  were  pleasantly  diversified 
with  receptions,  trolley  rides  and  boat  excursions.  They  were 
welcomed  by  the  Hon.  Edgar  Farrar  and  Mr.  Thomas  Richard- 
son, secretary  of  the  Progressive  Union,  and  Miss  Anthony  made 
the  first  response.  The  Picayune  said : 

Seated  upon  the  platform  was  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  woman  who 
for  two-score  years  stood  the  brunt  of  ridicule,  sarcasm  and  cartooning,  and 
never  once  was  deterred  from  the  course  that  she  fully  believed  to  be  the 
just  and  true  one.  Of  the  great  leaders  in  this  movement  she  alone  remains. 
.  .  .  Spanning  a  distance  of  forty  years  stood  at  her  side  the  younger 
woman  who  has  taken  up  the  battle,  and  grouped  around  were  earnest  young 
girls  and  middle-aged  women  fired  with  her  enthusiasm  and  looking  up  to 
her  with  a  reverence  that  was  very  beautiful  and  a  most  gracious  tribute 
from  youth  to  old  age.   When  Miss  Jean  Gordon  advanced  to  present  her 

(1288) 


[1903]  MISS  Anthony's  domestic  life.  1289 

with  a  great  cluster  of  Marechal  Niel  roses  and  took  her  so  sweetly  by  the 
hand  and  in  the  name  of  the  young  women  of  today  and  of  the  Era  Club 
thanked  her  for  the  battles  she  had  fought,  the  scene  was  most  touching, 
representing  as  it  did  the  two  extremes  of  the  suffrage  workers,  those  of 
half-a-century  ago  and  those  of  today. 

The  paper  paid  a  glowing  tribute  to  Mrs.  Caroline  E.  Merrick, 
"the  pioneer  suffragist  of  Louisiana  and  life-long  friend  of  Miss 
Anthony,"  who  was  also  remembered  with  flowers,  and  said: 
"For  a  moment  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Merrick  stood  together, 
and  the  audience,  rising  to  its  feet  in  a  great  rush  of  enthusiasam, 
waved  handkerchiefs  and  fans  in  greeting."  Miss  Anthony  gave 
enjoyable  reminiscences  of  her  previous  visits  to  New  Orleans  of 
which  she  had  only  the  most  agreeable  recollections. 

At  the  next  evening  session  Miss  Anthony  presided,  and  then 
and  throughout  the  convention  every  possible  honor  was  shown 
to  her  by  the  audiences  of  the  representative  people  of  this  old 
and  exclusive  Southern  city.  To  quote  from  the  Picayune's  ac- 
count of  the  memorial  meeting:  "Miss  Anthony  was  greeted 
with  long  and  continued  applause.  She  was  beautifully  gowned 
in  rich  black  silk  with  a  soft  white  vest  of  lace  and  chiffon,  and 
looked  the  stately  and  elegant  lady  that  she  is.  .  •  .  In  clos- 
ing her  remarks  she  gave  them  Mrs.  Stanton's  message:  'The 
pioneers  have  brought  you  within  sight  of  the  promised  land. 
There  is  no  merit,  however,  in  simply  occupying  ground  that 
others  have  conquered.  Go  ahead;  press  forward!  Those  who 
watch  already  behold  the  dawn  of  a  new  day.'  " 

Miss  Anthony  remained  in  New  Orleans  a  few  days  to  attend 
the  executive  meeting  of  the  National  Council  of  Women.  On 
the  way  home  she  carried  out  a  long-felt  desire  to  visit  Tuskegee 
Institute,  the  school  of  Booker  Washington,  and  on  Sunday 
afternoon,  in  the  handsome  new  chapel,  she  addressed  the  1,200 
young  colored  men  and  women,  to  their  great  delight.  She  was 
much  pleased  with  the  school  and  finding  that  they  were  trying 
to  start  a  broom  factory  she  at  once  agreed  to  raise  $100  toward 
it.  This  she  afterwards  did,  paying  a  good  part  of  it  herself, 
and  one  of  the  first  whisk  brooms  made  by  the  girls  was  sent  to 
her. 


1290  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1903] 

The  two  Sisters  reached  home  April  2,  the  seventy-sixth  birth- 
day of  Miss  Mary.  The  morning  paper  next  day  contained  a 
two-column  interview  giving  a  lively  account  of  the  convention 
and  showing,  as  the  reporter  said,  that  "when  Miss  Anthony 
felt  the  worst  physically  the  best  thing  that  could  happen  to  her 
was  to  leave  home  and  come  into  active  touch  with  the  work 
that  has  filled  her  whole  life."  "When  are  you  going  away 
again?"  the  reporter  asked.  "She  is  ready  to  go  as  soon  as  she 
is  invited,"  answered  Miss  Mary.  "Well,"  retorted  Miss  An- 
thony, "Mary  thought  she  would  come  home  ahead  of  me  on  this 
trip  as  usual  but  for  once  I  held  on  to  her  and  made  her  stay  as 
long  as  I  did." 

It  had  all  the  time  been  the  intention  when  Biography  and  His- 
tory were  finished,  and  the  all-pervading  litter  and  the  three 
stenographers  and  the  writer  were  out  of  the  way,  to  regenerate 
the  house  from  top  to  bottom.  That  happy  period  had  now  ar- 
rived and  painters,  paperhangers  and  decorators  were  set  to  work 
outside  and  inside.  A  few  days  of  it  were  sufficient  for  Miss 
Anthony  and  then  she  gathered  up  her  belongings  and  went  to 
the  pleasant  home  of  her  former  secretary,  Mrs.  Anna  Dann 
Mason,  where  she  remained  three  weeks,  going  back  occasion- 
ally to  see  how  things  were  progressing  and  give  some  advice. 
When  all  was  swept  and  garnished  she  returned  to  the  house 
whose  cleanness  and  sweetness  delighted  her  fastidious  soul,  but 
Miss  Mary,  who  had  stuck  to  her  post  through  it  all,  was  now  in 
a  state  of  exhaustion.  On  July  i  they  attended  the  silver  wedding 
of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  J.  E.  Sanford,  and  two  days  later  Miss  Mary 
went  with  the  Sanfords  for  three  or  four  weeks  in  Maine. 

One  of  the  many  guests  was  Miss  Margaret  A.  Haley,  of  Chi- 
cago* president  of  the  National  Federation  of  Teachers,  whose 
remarkable  work  for  the  schools  of  that  city  had  attracted  the 
widest  attention.  She  came  to  Rochester  to  lecture  and  Miss  An- 
thony invited  a  number  of  prominent  educators  to  dine  with  her. 
She  was  very  anxious  that  Miss  Anthony  should  attend  the  meet- 
ing of  the  National  Educational  Association  in  Boston,  where 
the  women  teachers  expected  to  have  a  struggle  for  their  rights. 


[1903]  MISS  Anthony's  domestic  life.  1291 

Although  Miss  Anthony  did  not  feel  equal  to  going  she  took  a 
keen  interest  in  the  convention  and  in  a  letter  afterwards  said : 

I  note  that  there  is  not  a  woman  on  the  general  program  and  I  do  not  like 
your  saying  that  the  women  themselves  are  at  fault  because  they  have  not 
asked  for  it  They  have  been  taught  from  time  immemorial  that  if  they 
would  please  men  they  must  be  modest,  must  not  push  forward,  and  now 
when  they  are  modest  and  retiring  and  do  not  ask  for  a  place  on  the  plat- 
form it  is  counted  against  them.  You  in  Chicago  certainly  demand  your 
rights  and  you  ought  to  make  the  "powers  that  be"  feel  that  woman  is  not 
to  be  ignored  any  longer.  Even  at  your  separate  conference  of  woman 
teachers  you  have  men  to  talk  to  you.  Why  in  the  world  didn't  you  get  com- 
petent women  teachers?  There  must  be  some  women  in  all  this  broad  land 
who  are  as  capable  as  Dr.  Winship  and  Mr.  McAndrew  and  it  is  your  busi- 
ness to  "boost"  them  into  notice.  Men  will  get  there  anyway.  You  see  I 
call  you  to  account  for  not  standing  up  for  women  as  I  think  you  ought. 

Miss  Haley  endeavored  to  set  herself  right  and  still  offered 
every  possible  inducement  for  Miss  Anthony  to  go  to  the  con- 
vention but  on  June  27  she  wrote : 

Your  commands  are  very  pressing  and  if  I  numbered  only  sixty-three 
instead  of  eighty-three  I  should  be  inclined  to  obey;  but,  as  it  is,  I  think  the 
better  part  of  discretion  for  me  is  to  say  no,  though  in  spirit  I  shall  be  with 
you  through  the  entire  meeting.  I  shall  live  over  fifty  years  ago  this  very 
summer  when  the  New  York  State  Teachers'  Association  met  in  this  city  of 
Rochester.  Then  no  woman's  voice  had  been  heard  in  convention,  though 
three-fourths  of  the  members  were  women.  I  can  see  today  the  little  hand- 
ful of  men  who  sat  on  the  platform  and  in  the  seats  nearest  to  it,  and  the 
thousand  women  in  the  body  of  the  hall.  I  shall  never  forget  what  con- 
sternation seized  those  men  when  I  said,  "Mr.  President"— -but  I  will  not  go 
through  that  story. 

The  right  to  speak  in  public  is  now  admitted  and  the  right  to  engage  in  all 
the  different  trades  and  professions;  but  that  it  is  not  easy  for  women  to 
gain  a  position  and  salary  equal  to  those  of  men  is  still  true.  The  battle  now 
is  the  same  as  fifty  years  ago — to  get  equal  pay  for  equal  work  and  equal 
eligibility  to  the  highest  salaried  positions.  Even  in  States  where  the  law 
requires  that  there  shall  be  no  discrimination  against  women,  men  are 
appointed  to  the  highest  places  as  a  rule.  It  is  woman's  necessity  to  earn  a 
living  that  causes  her  to  take  less  wages  than  a  man  receives.  This  is  an 
appeal  to  the  parsimony  of  the  employer,  for  it  is  a  law  of  economics  to  get 
as  much  work  done  as  possible  and  as  good  as  possible  for  the  least  amount 
of  pay.  Women  must  take  what  they  are  offered  or  nothing.  I  do  not  see 
any  hope  of  a  change  in  this  matter  until  women  are  enfranchised  and  until 
they  combine  and  control  their  work  and  wages  as  do  men.  If  you  tell  the 
teachers  of  the  East  of  what  you  have  done  in  Chicago  without  the  ballot 


1292  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOS] 

and  show  them  how  much  more  you  might  have  done  with  it,  it  seems  to  me 
that  you  will  make  the  best  argument  that  can  be  made  for  the  enfranchise- 
ment of  women. 

But  even  if  the  right  to  vote  brought  to  woman  no  better  work,  no  better 
pay,  no  better  conditions  in  any  way,  she  should  have  it  for  her  own  self- 
respect  and  to  compel  man's  respect  for  her.  He  will  never  feel  that  she  is 
his  equal,  in  the  school  room  or  anywhere  else,  while  she  is  denied  the  right 
of  having  her  opinion  counted  upon  every  question  that  comes  to  the  arbitra- 
ment of  the  ballot  box.  So,  my  dear  president  and  my  dear  fellow  teachers, 
after  fifty  years'  study  of  the  best  way  to  equalize  the  work  and  wages  of 
women,  I  see  none  save  that  of  making  them  the  political  peers  of  men; 
giving  them  the  vote  with  which  they  will  have  the  power  to  shape  and  con- 
trol their  own  conditions  in  the  home,  the  school,  the  work-shop  and  the 
State.  They  must  have  a  voice  in  the  election  of  every  officer  who  makes  or 
administers  the  laws.  There  is  no  other  power  given  in  this  republican  form 
of  government  whereby  the  different  classes  of  citizens  shall  be  equalized. 
Perfect  equality  of  rights— civil  and  political — ^is  and  must  continue  to  be 
the  demand  of  all  self-respecting  women. 

A  last  letter  was  written  on  July  6,  after  the  teachers  were 
assembling  for  the  convention : 

Your  long  letter  and  then  your  telegraph  message  came  duly,  but  I  could 
not  say  yea  to  them.  I  know  you  feel  that  I  ought  to  be  in  Boston  with 
you  in  this  crucial  hour,  and  if  I  could  go  "on  the  wings  of  the  wind"  and 
be  set  down  there  for  a  little  while  and  then  hie  me  back  to  my  home,  I 
might  consider  it,  but  the  thought  of  the  crowds  of  women  that  will  be  there 
overwhelms  me.  So  you  must  give  my  love  to  all  of  them  and  tell  them, 
each  and  all,  that  they  must  stand  up  for  the  rights  of  women,  not  only  for 
themselves  and  for  their  own  advancement,  but  for  the  rights  of  woman  as 
woman.  You  teachers  today  will  make  the  precedent  for  those  of  tomorrow, 
just  as  the  teachers  of  the  past  made  a  precedent  for  you  to  be  ignored  on 
the  program  today.  Had  those  of  each  year  been  true  to  woman's  best  inter- 
ests you  would  have  a  great  deal  easier  time  in  asserting  yourselves  now. 
I  hope  you  will  maintain  the  right  of  women  to  be  on  the  Program  Com- 
mittee next  year,  and  that  you  will  insist  upon  their  equal  recognition  with 
men  in  all  positions  of  honor  and  emolument.  Women  should  have  equal 
pay  for  equal  work  and  they  should  be  considered  equally  eligible  to  the 
offices  of  principal  and  superintendent,  professor  and  president.  So  you 
must  insist  that  qualifications,  not  sex,  shall  govern  appointments  and  sal- 
aries.* 

Miss  Anthony,  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw,  Mrs.  Charlotte 
Perkins  Oilman  and  others,  went  to  Lily  Dale,  August  4,  for  a 

^  It  is  a  matter  of  regret  that  because  of  limited  space  the  spirited  fight  made  at  this 
convention  by  Miss  Haley  and  her  supporters,  and  its  partial  success,  cannot  be  recorded. 


[1903]  MISS  Anthony's  domestic  life.  1293 

week  of  women's  meetings.  The  "City  of  Light"  was  ablaze 
with  yellow  bunting  and  decorations ;  a  carriage  was  waiting  for 
Miss  Anthony  which  it  was  the  intention  to  have  drawn  by  men 
but  a  heavy  rain  caused  horses  to  be  substituted.  She  presided 
at  part  of  the  sessions,  some  of  which  were  attended  by  3,000 
people.  As  usual  she  was  the  guest  of  the  president,  Mrs.  Abby 
Louise  Pettengill,  and  she  wrote  in  her  diary :  "Everything  has 
been  delightful,  though  it  never  can  be  quite  as  it  was  in  dear 
Marian  Skidmore's  lifetime." 

When  Miss  Anthony  returned  home  she  found  a  little  missive 
from  Mrs.  Gannett  dated  at  the  old  Grandfather  Anthony  home- 
stead in  the  Berkshire  Hills :  "It  is  almost  nine  o'clock  and  Will 
and  I  are  cosily  settled  in  this  dear,  old-timey  place  with  all  its 
tender  memories.  We  just  love  it  and  are  so  glad  you  put  us  up 
to  coming  here  for  the  night.  How  beautiful  it  is — ^no  wonder 
you  cherish  the  place.  We  went  by  train  to  Williamstown,  saw 
the  town  and  college  and  then  came  here  on  our  bicycles.  To- 
morrow we  shall  see  your  birthplace.  We  feel  as  if  we  were  your 
guests — only  we  wish  we  could  have  you  here.  Dear  love  from  us 
both."  And  Mr.  Gannett  added  a  postscript :  "Greylock  has  a 
great  white  scar  down  its  side  from  top  to  bottom  which  you 
probably  never  saw — made  by  a  cloud  burst  two  summers  ago. 
Yes,  we're  glad  we  came  here.  I've  chosen  the  'family  room'  to 
sleep  in,  even  though  Mrs.  Daniels  says  the  bed  is  harder  than 
the  one  in  her  own  guest  room." 

Among  the  few  existing  copies  of  Miss  Anthony's  letters  for 
the  year  is  this  answer  to  the  maker  of  a  bicycle  calendar  who 
asked  for  a  sentiment :  "Women  generally  live  too  much  indoors 
and  the  bicycle  helps  to  outdoor  exercise  and  amusement  and  is 
therefore  a  godsend  to  them.  A  girl  never  looks  so  independent, 
so  much  as  if  she  felt  as  good  as  a  boy,  as  on  her  wheel.  I  think 
the  bicycle  has  done  more  to  emancipate  women  from  the  thrall- 
dom  of  fashion  than  any  other  one  thing,  and  I  hope  it  will  not 
go  out  of  use.  But,  after  all,  women  must  have  a  right  to  a  voice 
in  the  government  under  which  they  live,  they  must  be  able  to 
say  who  shall  make  the  laws  and  who  enforce  them,  before  they 


1294  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1903] 

can  be  free  and  equal  with  men.  I  look,  therefore,  for  woman's 
entire  emancipation  to  her  full  enfranchisement."  Then  came 
this  delectable  finish  to  the  letter :  ''I  think  the  above  will  answer, 
but,  whatever  you  leave  out,  do  not  omit  my  demand  for  the 
ballot.  Anything  else  you  may  drop !" 

In  August  Miss  Anthony  wrote  to  Dr.  George  E.  Vincent, 
head  of  the  Chautauqua  Institution : 

I  have  noted  your  grand  symposiums  on  the  liquor  traffic  and  mob  law; 
they  have  been  productive  of  great  good.  This  fact  suggests  to  me  that  you 
would  do  well  next  year  to  have  a  symposium  on  the  woman  suffrage  ques- 
tion. The  opponents  could  surely  find  one  woman  or  man*who  could  do  their 
side  justice,  and  we  could  find  a  great  many  women,  and  men,  too,  to  pre- 
sent the  affirmative.  Our  question  has  now  assumed  such  importance  as  to 
be  considered  in  all  the  magazines  and  newspapers  of  the  country,  and  it 
seems  to  me  that  a  whole  week  for  its  discussion  would  be  none  too  much. 

The  opinion  of  one-half  the  people  on  every  public  question  is  now  ignored. 
If  women's  opinions  were  counted  equally  with  men's  there  is  no  doubt  that 
the  liquor  question  could  be  settled  in  a  more  satisfactory  manner  and  that 
the  guilty  parties  in  mob  violence  would  be  dealt  with  in  a  way  to  put  an 
end  to  the  outrage.  All  the  social  and  religious  matters  of  the  day  would 
become  questions  of  importance  to  men  because  of  women's  opinions  having 
to  be  reckoned  with;  whereas  today,  with  only  men  at  the  ballot  box,  they 
receive  but  slight  attention.  They  are  talked  of  in  moral  reform  and  religious 
gatherings,  but  they  do  not  enter  into  the  political  arena,  and  hence  are  not 
considered  of  any  great  moment.  There  can  be  nothing  done  to  promote 
the  highest  and  best  interests  of  society  equal  to  improving  the  character  of 
the  voting  constituency. 

I  hope  you  will  take  this  request  into  serious  consideration  and  will  an-' 
nounce  in  your  program  for  next  year  a  week's  sjrmposium  on  the  Woman 
Question  and  have  Miss  Shaw,  Mrs.  Annis  F.  Eastman,  Miss  Ida  C.  Hultin 
or  some  other  woman  minister  preach  the  Sunday  sermon  that  week.  Thus 
you  would  place  the  Chautauqua  Assembly  on  the  side  of  fairness  to  women 
and  in  favor  of  counting  every  responsible  opinion  in  gathering  up  public 
sentiment  to  be  crystallized  into  law. 

Dr.  Vincent  did  not  permit  a  woman  minister  to  preach  a 
Sunday  sermon  at  Chautauqua — this  never  has  been  allowed 
there — but  he  did  cheerfully  consent  to  a  symposium  similar  to 
the  one  suggested  by  Miss  Anthony  and  offered  to  place  arrange- 
ments for  it  in  her  hands  and  those  of  the  board  of  the  National 
Suffrage  Association.  It  soon  developed,  however,  that  Miss 
Anthony  herself  and  nearly  all  of  the  women  she  would  want 


[1903]  MISS  Anthony's  domestic  life.  1295 

on  the  program  would  be  in  Europe  during  the  summer  of  1904 
attending  the  International  Council  of  Women/ 

The  women  of  Colorado  were  arranging  for  a  jubilee  during 
the  autumn  of  1903  to  celebrate  the  tenth  anniversary  of  their 
enfranchisement  and  they  used  every  possible  inducement  to  per- 
suade Miss  Anthony  to  give  it  "the  culminating  glory  of  her 
presence."  She  longed  to  go  but  the  uncertain  state  of  her  health 
made  it  imperative  for  her  to  refuse. 

The  Business  Committee  of  the  National  American  Suffrage 
Association  were  invited  to  hold  their  fall  meeting  at  Mt.  Airy, 
a  suburb  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  home  of  Miss  Shaw,  vice-presi- 
dent-at-large.  Miss  Anthony  and  most  of  the  board  stopped  in 
New  York  on  the  way  and  were  the  guests  of  the  Equal  Suffrage 
League,  November  5,  at  a  large  meeting  in  the  parlors  of  the 
Hotel  Majestic,  held  in  memory  of  Mrs.  Stanton.  Miss  Anthony 
was  very  happy  in  Miss  Shaw's  pleasant  home,  tenderly  cared  for 
by  her  niece,  Lucy  Anthony,  and  surroimded  by  these  trusted 
women  into  whose  hands  she  had  given  her  precious  work. 

The  suffragists  of  Philadelphia  gladly  seized  upon  this  op- 
portune time  to  tender  a  banquet  to  Miss  Anthony  in  the  New 
Century  Club  rooms.  About  two-hundred-and-fifty  were  at  the 
table,  including  representatives  of  the  various  women's  clubs  and 
a  number  of  men.  The  address  of  welcome  was  made  by  the 
mayor ;  Mr.  Rudolph  Blankenburg  was  among  the  speakers,  and 
Miss  Jane  Campbell,  president  of  the  Philadelphia  Suffrage  Club 
of  six  hundred  members,  read  one  of  the  humorous  poems  for 
which  she  was  noted.   The  Public  Ledger  thus  began  its  report : 

Mrs.  Lucretia  L.  Blankenburg,  President  of  the  Pennsylvania  Woman 
Suffrage  Association,  presided,  with  Miss  Anthony  on  her  right.  The  ven- 
erable woman  suffrage  champion  was  easily  the  most  distinguished  and  im- 
pressive looking  person  present.  Although  she  will  be  eighty- four  years  old 
next  February,  her  bright  eyes  beamed  in  turn  with  humor  or  benignity  as 
she  spoke  or  listened  to  those  speaking.  Apparently  no  one  more  thoroughly 
enjoyed  the  evening.   Neither  in  appearance  nor  voice  did  she  give  signs  of 

1  In  the  summer  of  1905  most  of  the  best  speakers  attended  the  National  Suffrage  Con- 
vention in  Portland,  Oregon,  and  remained  on  the  Pacific  Coast  during  July  and  August. 
In  1906  they  went  to  the  meeting  of  the  International  Suffrage  Alliance  in  Copenhagen^ 
and  the  desired  s3rmposium  at  Chautauqua  has  not  yet  taken  place. 


1296  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O3] 

her  advanced  years,  although  she  referred  to  herself  as  the  "grandmother" 
of  most  of  those  now  actively  engaged  in  the  struggle  for  woman  suffrage. 
Portraits  of  Miss  Anthony  and  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  were  hung  against 
the  rear  wall  of  the  stage,  where  a  woman  played  a  golden  harp,  half  con- 
cealed behind  palms. 

Miss  Anthony  gave  reminiscences  of  her  first  visit  to  Phila- 
delphia, in  1854,  when  she  attended  an  anti-slavery  meeting  in 
Sansom  Street  Hall  and  was  the  guest  of  James  and  Lucretia 
Mott  in  their  home  on  Arch  Street.  There  was  a  strong  note  of 
optimism  and  cheer  in  her  closing  sentences  admonishing  the 
women  not  to  be  discouraged  and  assuring  them  of  final  victory. 

The  attic  work  rooms  in  the  Anthony  home  had  been  reopened 
during  these  autumn  months  and  business  resumed  at  the  old 
stand.  When  the  last  volume  of  the  History  was  published  it 
was  decided  that  after  waiting  a  reasonable  length  of  time  for  its 
statements  to  be  questioned,  all  the  letters  and  documents  used 
in  its  preparation  which  were  not  to  be  permanently  preserved, 
should  be  destroyed.  As  there  had  been  no  suits  for  libel  and  no 
challenges  of  any  kind  after  it  had  had  the  widest  circulation  for 
six  months,  it  seemed  safe  to  begin  the  work  of  destruction,  and 
the  present  writer,  having  a  little  time  to  spare,  went  to  Rochester 
early  in  September.  The  mass  of  material  used  in  the  Biography 
was  also  still  packed  away  in  boxes  taking  up  room  needed  for 
other  things.  Miss  Anthony  concluded  she  would  give  her  per- 
sonal attention  to  this  matter,  so  each  morning  she  would  seat 
herself  on  one  side  of  the  table,  the  writer  on  the  other,  and  a  big 
box  of  old  letters  would  be  dumped  out  between  them.  Then 
the  writer  would  pick  up  a  package  and  say,  "These  are  from  So- 
and-So  and  should  be  thrown  away.*'  "Well,  I  think  they'd 
better  be  saved,"  Miss  Anthony  would  answer  and  lay  them 
aside.  "This  is  a  lot  from  Mrs.  A. ;  she  is  dead  and  they  are  now 
of  no  consequence  whatever."  "O,  her  children  might  want  them 
and  I  believe  we'll  put  them  away."  It  soon  became  evident  that 
the  most  of  the  documents  were  going  back  into  the  boxes  again 
to  be  surely  destroyed  sometime  in  the  future,  and  finally  the 
writer  said :  "Now  there  is  no  use  in  my  wasting  time  here  for 
you  are  not  going  to  allow  this  trash  to  be  burned."    "I  can't 


[1903]  MISS  Anthony's  domestic  life.  1297 

overcome  the  habit  of  a  lifetime,"  replied  Miss  Anthony,  "which 
has  been  to  save  every  scrap  of  writing,  and  the  only  way  for  me 
is  to  wash  my  hands  of  the  whole  business,"  which  she  proceeded 
to  do  literally  and  figuratively. 

Miss  Mary  rejoiced  in  the  holocaust,  it  couldn't  be  made 
quickly  enough.  The  time  and  labor  these  accumulations  had  cost 
her  extended  back  into  the  dark  ages  and  she  could  joyfully  have 
imitated  Nero  while  they  were  burning.  This,  however,  proved 
to  be  a  serious  matter.  It  was  begun  in  the  furnace  but  soon  it 
became  evident  that  it  could  be  done  here  only  by  someone's  put- 
ting in  the  letters  continuously,  as  every  day  they  filled  several 
large  waste-baskets  and  the  big  clothes-hamper.  They  couldn't 
be  sold  to  the  ragman  for  obvious  reasons.  The  city  ordinances 
did  not  allow  fires  in  back  yards  and  Miss  Mary  never  broke  a 
law.  At  last  she  was  simply  forced  to  commit  a  misdemeanor — 
many  of  them — and  every  morning  for  weeks  she  slipped  down 
stairs  at  daybreak,  built  a  bonfire  behind  the  woodhouse  and 
stood  over  it  with  a  big  shovel  to  prevent  its  starting  a  conflagra- 
tion. The  neighbors  wondered  where  all  the  flying  particles  of 
burnt  paper  came  from  and  the  strain  on  Miss  Mary's  Puritan 
conscience  was  almost  more  than  she  could  endure.  All  valuable 
autograph  letters  and  all  of  historical  importance  were  saved; 
the  family  letters  were  laid  aside  for  Miss  Anthony's  disposal; 
all  of  her  own  were  preserved;  Mrs.  Stanton's — ^hundreds  of 
them — ^were  sent  to  her  children;  Lucy  Stone's  to  Miss  Black- 
well,  and  many  others  to  the  families  of  the  writers.  The  task 
consumed  every  working  hour  for  almost  a  month. 

When  all  this  was  done  it  was  decided  to  begin  another  "big 
job,"  as  Miss  Anthony  tersely  and  appropriately  termed  the  un- 
dertakings which  went  on  under  that  roof.  It  had  always  been 
felt  that  the  Biography  was  incomplete  with  only  an  index  of 
proper  names  and  that  its  value  would  be  greatly  enhanced  by  a 
thorough  index  of  subjects.  Now  was  the  time  to  make  it,  before 
a  second  edition  was  published,  and  the  writer  agreed  to  do  the 
work  if  Miss  Anthony  could  stand  the  annoyance.  So  Miss  Mary 
resumed  her  occupation  of  pastemaking  and  with  the  sacrificing 
-spirit  of  a  martyr  consented  once  more  to  have  her  kitchen  made 


1298  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O3] 

an  annex  to  the  attic  work  rooms.  With  the  help  of  two  and 
sometimes  three  assistants  two  full  months  were  required  simply 
to  get  the  copy  for  this  index  ready  for  the  publishers,  the  proof- 
reading being  done  elsewhere,  but  Miss  Anthony  was  most 
pleased  to  have  the  book  made  complete.  On  December  4,  1903, 
the  writer  finished  her  work  in  this  home  which  she  had  first 
entered  February  6,  1897,  and,  although  such  a  thing  was  little 
anticipated  then,  it  so  happened  that  she  never  visited  it  again 
during  the  lifetime  of  Miss  Anthony. 


No  woman  in  the  United  States  had  had  so  much  written  about 
her  as  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  yet  the  world  at  large  knew  only 
of  her  public  work  and  nothing  of  her  domestic  life.  Pearson's 
Magazine,  wishing  to  present  this  side,  sent  an  artist  to  Rochester 
to  make  interior  views  of  the  residence  and  requested  the  present 
writer  to  prepare  an  article.  This  appeared  in  the  March  number 
of  1903,  entitled  "Miss  Anthony  at  Home,"  and  is  here  repro- 
duced in  part  with  the  thought  that  it  may  possess  an  interest  for 
present  and  future  readers. 

"The  time  has  almost  but  not  entirely  gone  by  when  a  woman 
who  demands  the  franchise  is  by  this  very  act  arraigned,  tried 
and  convicted  for  being  entirely  destitute  of  the  traditional  wom- 
anly virtues.  The  four  principal  originators  and  leaders  of  the 
movement  for  woman  suffrage,  half-a-century  ago,  were  Lucretia 
Mott,  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  Lucy  Stone  and  Susan  B.  An- 
thony. The  first  three  married,  kept  house  and  brought  up  fam- 
ilies of  children,  and  thus  were  able  to  refute  by  practical  example 
the  almost  universal  charge  that  a  desire  for  the  ballot  destroyed 
every  domestic  instinct.  Miss  Anthony,  however,  remained  single 
and  thus  made  herself  the  conspicuous  target  for  the  arrows  of 
criticism  and  reproach.  The  fact  that  she  refused  more  than  one 
advantageous  offer  of  marriage  because  of  her  intense  devotion 
to  her  father,  mother  and  home  offered  no  defense  against  the 
accusation,  but  only  added  one  more  act  of  disobedience  to  the 


[1903]  MISS  Anthony's  domestic  life.  1299 

Holy  Scriptures,  which  make  *cleaving^  to  parents  a  secondary 
matter. 

"The  writer  of  this  sketch  speaks  from  the  viewpoint  of  one 
who  has  spent  the  greater  part  of  the  last  six  years  under  Miss 
Anthony's  own  roof — ^first  in  writing  her  Biography  and  after- 
wards in  preparing  Volume  IV  of  The  History  of  Woman  Suf- 
frage, The  former  work  included  the  reading  of  hundreds  of 
Miss  Anthony's  letters  to  her  relatives,  and  the  diaries  which 
she  has  kept  for  over  half-a-century,  and  at  the  end  of  it  all  the 
assertion  can  be  conscientiously  made  that  no  woman  ever  pos- 
sessed in  a  greater  degree  the  love  of  family  and  the  instinct  for 
home.  Now,  after  more  than  fifty  years  of  going  up  and  down 
the  earth,  'eating  other  people's  bread  and  salt  and  climbing 
other  people's  stairs,'  she  still  clings  with  the  deepest  intensity 
of  her  strong  nature  to  the  fireside  around  which  once  were 
gathered  all  those  she  held  most  dear,  but  where  at  this  begin- 
ning of  the  new  century  she  and  one  only  sister  sit  alone.  All  the 
beautiful  homes  in  which  of  late  years  she  has  been  a  welcome 
guest,  all  the  distinguished  people  who  have  paid  her  honor,  have 
not  diminished  in  the  slightest  degree  her  devotion  to  her  own 
modest  home  and  the  staunch  but  unassuming  friends  of  the  early 
days  of  misrepresentation  and  ostracism. 

"The  two  sisters  have  lived  for  almost  forty  years  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  in  a  home  hallowed  by  the  death  of  many  members  of 
the  family,  and  among  its  sacred  associations  they  expect  to  spend 
their  remaining  days.  Good-naturedly  sarcastic  friends  often  urge 
them  to  hang  out  a  sign — ^The  Wayside  Inn — ^for  it  is  indeed  a 
hostelry  in  the  number  of  its  guests.  There  is  always  an  extra 
plate  on  the  table,  and  a  friend  in  the  house  at  meal  time  always 
is  pressed  to  stay.  There  is  no  fuss  or  worry  but  she  enjoys  the 
simple  and  wholesome  fare  as  one  of  the  family.  If  Miss  An- 
thony's hospitality  ended  here  it  would  present  no  problems  to 
the  Mary  who  should  have  been  named  Martha,  but  it  is  no  un- 
common thing  for  three  or  four  guests  to  arrive  a  few  minutes 
before  supper  in  response  to  a  pressing  invitation  from  Miss 
Anthony  which  she  forgot  to  mention  at  home,  and  the  larder 


1300  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O3] 

always  has  to  be  kept  in  a  state  of  preparation  for  these  'surprise 
parties/  The  three  'spare  beds'  often  prove  none  too  many  for 
those  who  stay  from  one  night  to  seven  or  more.  Rochester  is  on 
a  highway  between  the  East  and  the  West,  and  it  is  a  veritable 
Mecca  for  women,  who  look  upon  a  visit  at  its  shrine  as  the  event 
of  a  lifetime,  and  arrange  their  journeys,  often  at  great  incon- 
venience, to  spend  a  night  under  the  roof  of  Susan  B.  Anthony. 
Sometimes,  though  not  often,  the  gentle  sister  remonstrates,  but 
Miss  Anthony  always  answers,  *The  greatest  happiness  I  have  is 
in  receiving  my  friends  in  my  own  home.  Think  of  the  people 
who  have  entertained  me  during  all  these  years.  I  regard  the 
many  presents  of  money  and  household  articles  which  have  been 
given  me  for  my  personal  needs  as  put  in  trust  for  me  to  use  in 
this  way.' 

"In  looking  over  an  old  diary  I  find  this  entry  made  during 
the  first  days  I  ever  spent  in  this  pleasant  home,  when  arrange- 
ments for  celebrating  her  birthday  were  in  preparation :  'What 
a  housekeeper  is  Susan  B.  Anthony,  domestic  in  every  fiber  of 
her  body!  What  would  the  world  say  if  it  could  see  her,  as  I  have 
done  the  past  week,  going  from  garret  to  cellar,  hunting  up  cob- 
webs and  dust  that  nobody  else  had  seen,  making  out  bills  of 
fare  with  the  cook,  counting  the  dishes  and  table  linen,  taking  the 
best  sheets  and  towels  out  of  the  lavender-scented  drawers,  de- 
vising every  means  for  the  comfort  of  her  guests — a  perfect 
manager.  The  order  and  neatness  here  gratify  my  soul.'  And 
again :  'We  have  been  preparing  a  magazine  article  today  and 
while  I  held  the  pen  and  we  discussed  the  points,  she  sat  by  the 
fire  and  hemmed  towels.  "Oh,  I  wish  I  had  nothing  else  to  do  the 
rest  of  my  life,"  she  said,  "but  to  sit  quietly  down  in  my  own 
home  and  dam  stockings  and  hem  towels,  and  gather  my  friends 
about  me  and  have  one  read  while  the  rest  of  us  listened  and  then 
all  discuss  it."  '  There  are  no  girls  of  modern  times  who  can  take 
such  infinitesimal  stitches,  learned  in  the  days  when  women 
hemmed  by  hand  all  their  own  ruffles  and  furbelows  and  stitched 
the  tucks  and  frills  which  adorned  the  shirt-bosoms  of  the  men 
of  the  family.  Miss  Anthony  never  has  suggested  wasrs  for  re- 
pairing the  damages  of  society  with  one-half  the  skill  she  em- 


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[1903]  MISS  Anthony's  domestic  life.  1301 

ployed  in  teaching  her  nieces  her  wonderful  method  of  darning 
rents  in  garments  and  household  linen. 

"The  very  choicest  guest  is  allowed  to  sleep  under  the  Vose 
blankets*  and  the  mother's  bed-spread,  and  there  is  something 
exquisite  in  the  touch  which  she  gives  to  that  fine  product  of 
her  mother's  weaving  a  hundred  years  ago.  The  favored  guests 
also  may  drink  tea  from  the  mother's  cups,  imported  from  Eng- 
land before  fine  china  was  manufactured  in  this  country,  and 
may  use  the  thin,  silver  spoons  which  were  a  part  of  the  paternal 
grandmother's  marriage  dowry  in  the  century  before  the  last. 

"Miss  Anthony's  daily  life  is  very  simple  and  almost  ascetic. 
She  rises  at  seven,  and,  no  matter  what  the  temperature,  steps  at 
once  into  the  bath  tub.  All  her  life  she  has  used  cold  water,  but 
since  she  was  eighty  she  has  been  persuaded  to  allow  the  chill  to 
be  taken  off.  When  she  comes  down  to  breakfast  with  her  silver 
hair  brushed  softly  over  her  ears  and  coiled  smoothly  in  the  back, 
and  a  big  white  apron  tied  around  her  waist,  she  looks  like  a 
lovely  grandmother,  and  it  wrenches  the  imagination  to  think  of 
her  standing  on  a  platform  and  daring  a  mob,  or  rising  in  a  court 
room  and  defying  a  United  States  Judge.  She  is  womanly  in 
every  instinct,  in  the  dainty  toilet  articles  she  likes  on  her  dress- 
ing-table, the  delicate  bits  of  jewelry  and  lace  which  adorn  her 
gowns,  the  love  for  the  quiet,  refined  and  artistic  in  everything. 
Her  diet  is  strictly  of  the  feminine  order — tea  and  coffee,  bread 
and  butter,  vegetables,  a  morsel  of  dessert  and  quantities  of  fruit 
— but  unfeminine  in  its  absence  of  pastry  and  confectionery. 
Her  home  is  Quaker-like  in  its  simplicity,  very  hygienic  and  very 
comfortable,  with  thick  rugs  and  rocking-chairs,  old-fashioned 
couches  and  beds  that  invite  to  more  slumber  than  one  is  likely 
to  get  unless  she  retires  early. 

"In  this  peaceful  abode,  however,  the  spirit  of  work  reigns 
supreme.  It  has  no  room  for  idleness.  Everywhere  are  books, 
magazines,  newspapers  and  writing  materials.  Several  times  a 
day  the  postman  comes  heavily-laden,  and  several  large  consign- 
ments of  mail  are  sent  out  daily.  Since  Miss  Anthony's  retire- 
ment from  the  presidency  of  the  National  Suffrage  Association 


1302  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O3] 

in  1900  her  duties  have  been  less  exacting,  but  her  whole  thought 
has  been  centered  for  the  past  two  years  in  the  last  volume  of  the 
History.  Her  one  and  only  fear  has  been  that  she  would  not  live 
to  see  it  completed.  It  records  the  end  of  my  work/  she  said ; 
but  on  the  contrary  it  will  be  *her  work'  that  will  go  on  until 
all  for  which  she  hoped  and  wrought  has  been  accomplished. 
Every  woman  who  is  struggling  today  to  secure  absolute  freedom 
for  her  sex,  and  all  who  will  strive  in  the  future,  will  act  under 
her  direct  inspiration.  Her  written  words  will  be  an  invocation, 
her  memory  a  benediction,  and  it  will  be  because  she  lived  and 
toiled  that  other  women  will  have  courage  and  strength  to  carry 
her  cause  to  its  inevitable  triumph. 

"Those  who  never  have  seen  Miss  Anthony  ac  home  are  in  total 
ignorance  of  one  side  of  her  character,  the  soft  and  mellow  side, 
the  tender,  considerate  and  affectionate  side.  Even  here  the 
Quaker  inheritance  prevents  any  declaration  in  words,  but  every 
act  speaks.  There  is  a  constant  watchfulness  for  the  comfort  of 
others  and  a  sacrifice  of  self  for  somebody  else.  The  young  guest 
will  find  a  hot-water  bag  in  the  foot  of  her  bed  on  a  cold  night 
while  the  octogenarian  will  do  without  it.  She  always  has  an  ex- 
cuse for  the  one  who  speaks  a  hasty  word  or  does  a  selfish  thing, 
but  it  is  very  hard  for  her  to  excuse  a  silly  person.  Miss  Mary 
will  tolerate  a  fool  before  she  will  a  knave,  but  Miss  Anthony 
has  more  patience  with  the  knave.  Her  forbearance  with  women, 
however,  is  beyond  an)rthing  which  can  be  put  into  words.  What- 
ever their  vices,  frailties,  follies  or  shortcomings,  she  is  ever 
ready  with  an  apology,  and  it  is  always  that  the  world  has  no  right 
to  expect  anything  better  from  those  it  has  treated  as  children,  as 
playthings,  as  slaves ;  that  women  must  be  absolutely  free  and  in- 
dependent, and  that  there  must  be  several  generations  of  freedom 
and  independence,  before  they  can  be  justly  held  to  a  strict  ac- 
countability. 

"A  little  incident  will  illustrate  her  ever-present  loyalty  to  her 
sex.  She  was  summoned  from  the  dinner  table  one  day  to  receive 
a  telegram  announcing  the  arrival  of  a  nephew's  first  baby — ^a 
daughter.    When  she  came  back  she  said :    *I  sent  my  love  and 


[1903]  MISS  Anthony's  domestic  life.  1303 

congratulations,  and  I  wanted  to  add,  "A  girl  is  as  good  as  a  boy," 
but  thought  I  wouldn't  pay  for  so  many  words.' 

"Miss  Anthony's  generosity  is  of  an  impulsive  character  and 
sometimes  leads  to  domestic  complications.  One  afternoon  the 
house  was  pervaded  with  the  delicious  odor  of  baking  ginger- 
bread, which  the  family  looked  forward  to  enjoying  with  their 
tea,  but  when  supper  time  came  no  gingerbread  was  to  be  found. 
Skilful  questioning  elicited  the  information  that  a  poor  woman 
had  come  in  quest  of  food  and  when  she  exclaimed,  'Oh,  how 
good  that  cake  smells !'  Miss  Anthony  popped  it  into  her  basket. 
At  another  time  the  ample  remains  of  Sunday's  roast  were  set 
aside  to  furnish  the  washday  dinner  on  Monday,  but  during  the 
morning  three  things  happened  almost  simultaneously :  The  roast 
disappeared  from  the  pantry  shelf,  a  tramp  went  out  the  back  gate 
and  Miss  Anthony  shut  the  kitchen  door  with  a  guilty  look — 
which  was  understood  when  the  family  were  obliged  to  partake  of 
a  meatless  dinner.    .    .    . 

"There  never  was  a  human  being  who  loved  her  kith  and  kin 
with  deeper  and  more  steadfast  affection.  The  reader  must  study 
Miss  Anthony's  Biography  to  appreciate  fully  this  strong  trait  in 
her  character.  It  begins  with  the  passionate  longing  for  those  at 
home  poured  out  on  the  pages  of  the  boarding-school  girl's  diary, 
and  finds  expression  again  and  again  in  the  letters  from  the  young 
school  teacher,  from  the  amateur  lecturer,  through  the  exacting 
days  of  the  Civil  War  and  the  work  of  the  Loyal  League,  and  on 
and  on,  during  all  the  life  of  the  great  reformer,  with  its  long 
journeys,  its  heavy  burdens,  its  sorrows  and  joys,  its  disappoint- 
ments and  triumphs.  There  was  always  the  yearning  for  home, 
the  clinging  to  those  around  its  hearthstone.  She  was  never  too 
busy,  never  too  tired,  never  too  much  engrossed  in  public  duties, 
I  to  write  the  almost  daily  letters  to  her  family.  The  death  of  each 
member  wrenched  her  heart-strings  to  the  point  of  breaking,  and 
although  such  anniversaries  are  now  indeed  many  she  never  for- 
gets one.  She  is  a  thorough  believer  in  cremation  for  the  dead, 
but  there  is  reason  to  think  she  will  not  request  this  method  in  her 
own  case  because  of  her  overpowering  desire  to  be  laid  in  the  last, 

long  sleep  by  the  side  of  her  beloved  in  the  beautiful  cemetery 
Ant.  Ill— 13 


r 


1304  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O3] 

overlooking  the  Genesee  River.  Had  Miss  Anthony  married,  she 
would  have  been  a  devoted  wife,  an  efficient  mother,  but  the  world 
would  have  missed  its  strongest  reformer  and  womankind  their 
greatest  benefactor.  It  will  be  of  far  more  value  to  posterity  that 
she  gave  to  all  the  qualities  which  in  marriage  would  have  been 
absorbed  by  the  few. 

•  •••••• 

"Many  women  have  said  that  they  never  can  look  at  Miss  An- 
thony's picture  without  being  moved  to  tears  at  what  she  has  suf- 
fered for  them  and  their  children.  Certainly  no  one  can  gaze  into 
her  face,  its  every  line  telling  a  story  of  patience,  fortitude,  cour- 
age and  persistence,  without  a  feeling  of  deepest  gratitude  and 
admiration,  mingled  with  one  of  resentment  at  the  persecutions 
she  suffered  in  the  early  days  and  the  misrepresentations  of  all 
the  passing  years.  To  those  who  know  her  she  is  the  embodiment 
'  of  the  domestic  virtues  and  the  womanly  graces ;  the  lover  and  the 
defender  of  the  fireside;  one  who  has  given  a  long  life  of  splendid 
endeavor  to  put  the  home  on  a  juster  and  happier  basis,  to  make 
women  stronger  and  nobler,  to  bring  the  practices  of  this  great  re- 
public into  harmony  with  its  principles,  to  create  conditions  which 
will  insure  better  citizens  and  purer  government — ^  woman  whose 
I    every  act  and  aim  has  been  toward  a  higher  civilization." 


/ 


\ 


CHAPTER  LXIV. 

LAST  WASHINGTON  CONVENTION STARTING  FOR  BERLIN. 

1904. 

fMONG  the  many  beautiful  letters  received  by  Miss 
Anthony  for  Christmas  and  the  New  Year  and  for 
her  birthday  of  1904,  two  seem  especially  worthy  of 
being  preserved.  One  was  from  Mrs.  Ellen  Clark 
Sargent,  of  San  Francisco,  who  sent  a  gift,  ac- 
knowledged the  receipt  from  Miss  Anthony  of  Mrs.  Stanton's 
essay  on  The  Pleasures  of  Old  Age  and  said :  "I  agree  with  all 
Mrs.  Stanton  writes  about  the  pleasures  of  age.  It  brings  no  re- 
grets to  me.  I  have  learned  to  accept  people  as  they  are,  with  all 
the  limitations  and  frailties  that  belong  to  the  human  family.  I 
love  them  none  the  less  for  some  faults  but  perhaps  better,  as  a 
sort  of  divine  pity  accompanies  the  thought  that  what  they  do 
that  is  wrong  may  be  accounted  for  by  inheritance  or  environment 
which  they  could  not  control ;  and  we  cannot  know  how  sorry  they 
may  be  for  their  errors  nor  how  much  they  may  desire  to  over- 
come their  defects.  As  for  old  age,  I  can  say  that  to  be  free  from 
the  carking  cares  which  seem  to  belong  to  one's  earlier  years  is  in 
itself  happiness.  Old  age  is  the  spirit  freed  from  most  of  the 
earthly  follies.  With  all  the  disadvantages  that  I  myself  experi- 
ence I  consider  it,  with  few  exceptions,  the  happiest  time  of  my 
life.  If  we  live  to  be  old  we  must  have  parted  with  some  of  those 
who  are  nearest  and  dearest,  but  even  that  condition  has  its  com- 
fort in  sweet  memories  and  sweeter  hopes." 

The  other  letter  was  from  Mrs.  Jacob  Bright,  of  England,  in 
answer  to  the  receipt  of  Miss  Anthony's  Biography  in  which  she 
had  put  a  copy  of  Mrs.  Stanton's  address  on  The  Solitude  of  Self: 
"I  am  very  glad  to  have  the  book.  What  a  tremendous  work  you 
have  done,  what  a  life  of  self-sacrifice  you  have  led!    But  can 

(130S) 


1306  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O4] 

it  really  be  called  self-sacrifice  when  one  is  working  for  that  which 
is  nearest  her  heart — ^the  good  of  humanity  ?  It  is  not  the  real  self 
that  is  sacrificed,  only  the  lower  personality  which  gets  very  tired 
sometimes  with  the  heavy  demands  made  upon  it.  ...  I  have 
read  with  the  greatest  interest  Mrs.  Cady  Stanton's  address,  but, 
dear  Miss  Anthony,  does  it  not  seem  to  you  that  to  realize  the 
grandeur  of  that  solitude  and  be  able  to  sustain  it,  requires  a  much 
larger  mental  and  spiritual  development  than  the  mass  of  men 
and  women  are  capable  of?  And  would  the  one  able  to  maintain  it 
feel  any  interest  whatever  in  the  ephemeral  political  and  social  in- 
stitutions among  which  he  might  happen  to  live?  The  truth  is 
that  almost  no  one  would  be  able  to  bear  it,  for  there  is  a  universal 
cry  for  union,  love,  helpfulness,  sacrifice.  The  assertion  of  self 
against  the  world,  necessary  as  it  has  been  for  the  development  of 
humanity  in  the  past,  has  overtopped  its  meridian  and  will  have  to 
give  place  to  a  wider  altruism." 

The  winter  of  1904  was  so  cold  and  stormy  that  Miss  Anthony 
recorded  in  her  diary,  "Eleven  Sundays  since  I  have  been  able  to 
go  to  church ;"  and,  "I  have  attended  only  four  of  the  ten  lectures 
given  under  the  auspices  of  the  Political  Equality  Club."  She  was 
1 1  therefore  glad  indeed  to  turn  her  face  toward  Washington,  where 
/  the  National  Suffrage  Convention  was  to  be  held  February  11- 17. 
She  went  down  on  the  6th  and  stopped  with  the  other  national  of- 
ficers at  the  Shoreham,  where  she  was  the  guest  of  the  proprietor 
and  his  wife.  The  Woman's  Journal  in  its  account  of  the  meet- 
ings said :  "Here  is  Miss  Anthony,  as  full  of  interest  as  a  young 
woman,  and  in  so  great  demand  by  friends  and  reporters  that  the 
telephone  wires  leading  up  to  her  room  are  kept  hot  with  requests 
for  her  to  come  down  to  the  parlor  and  speak  to  somebody.  When 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Devine,  the  genial  proprietor  of  the  Shoreham  and 
his  wife,  invited  her  to  visit  their  rooms  at  the  top  of  the  hotel 
and  see  the  wide  and  beautiful  view,  regret  was  expressed  that  it 
would  be  necessary  for  her  to  walk  up  one  short  flight  of  steps.  A 
friend  remarked  that  she  would  not  mind  this,  as  she  was  in  the 
habit  of  running  up  and  down  stairs  as  lightly  as  a  girl.  "No," 
said  Miss  Anthony,  "I  do  not  do  that  any  longer  because  I  don't 
think  it  wise,  but  I  never  walked  up  stairs  till  after  I  was  eighty !" 


[1904]  LAST    WASHINGTON    CONVENTION.  I307 

For  several  years  Miss  Anthony's  active  participation  in  these 
conventions  had  been  growing  less,  but  she  still  took  a  full  part 
in  the  meetings  of  the  Business  Committee ;  sat  on  the  platform 
at  all  the  public  sessions ;  made  her  brief  speeches,  which  were  of 
more  force  than  other  people's  long  addresses,  and  was,  as  ever, 
the  center  from  which  the  interest  and  influence  radiated.  The 
Post  said,  "The  opening  session  was  an  ovation  to  Miss  An- 
thony." She  presided  on  the  evening  devoted  to  Colorado,  and 
the  pride  with  which  she  introduced  the  speakers  from  that  State 
was  delightful  to  see — former  Governor  Alva  Adams,  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Instruction  Helen  Loring  Grenfell,  and  other 
women  prominent  in  the  politics  of  the  State,  including  the  chair- 
men of  the  Democratic  and  the  Republican  Women's  State  Cen- 
tral Committees.  Miss  Anthony  went  one  evening  to  the  Army 
and  Navy  Reception  at  the  White  House,  a  ticket  being  sent  with 
her  invitation  which  took  her  carriage  to  the  private  entrance  and 
enabled  her  to  avoid  the  crowd.  She  was  constantly  surrounded 
by  distinguished  people  and  Miss  Alice  Roosevelt  left  a  party  of 
friends  saying,  "I  must  speak  to  Miss  Anthony,  she  is  my  father's 
special  guest."  The  next  day  she  told  the  convention  in  her  in- 
imitable way  that  when  she  was  presented  to  Mr.  Roosevelt  she 
said,  "Now,  Mr.  President,  we  don't  intend  to  trouble  you  during 
the  campaign,  but  after  you  are  elected,  then  look  out  for  us !" 

On  Sunday,  the  14th,  Mrs.  John  B.  Henderson  gave  a  twelve 
o'clock  breakfast  in  honor  of  Miss  Anthony,  and  in  the  evening 
a  quiet  social  reunion  for  the  delegates  and  friends  was  held  in 
the  banquet  room  of  the  Shoreham.  On  the  isth,  her  eighty- 
fourth  birthday,  all  were  received  at  the  White  House  at  two 
o'clock ;  later  they  went  to  a  reception  in  the  interesting  home  of 
Miss  Clara  Barton,  at  Glen  Echo,  and  greatly  enjoyed  seeing  the 
decorations,  jewels  and  trophies  presented  by  the  sovereigns  and 
nations  of  the  world,  such  as  have  been  bestowed  on  no  other 
American  woman.  The  last  evening,  when  Miss  Anthony  was 
presented  to  the  convention,  she  brought  Miss  Barton  with  her 
to  the  front  of  the  stage  and  the  audience  rose  in  enthusiastic 
recognition  of  the  two  great  women.  The  founder  of  the  Na- 
tional Woman  Suffrage  Association  introduced  the  founder  of 


1308  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1904] 

the  National  Red  Cross  Society  in  words  of  affection  and  esteem, 
and  Miss  Barton  responded  in  the  same  strain,  giving  her  ad- 
herence then  as  always  to  Miss  Anthony  and  the  cause  of  woman. 
AAt  this  convention  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt  declined  to  stand  again 
its  candidate  for  the  presidency,  which  she  had  held  four  years. 
{The  association  was  most  reluctant  to  have  her  leave  the  position 
she  had  so  ably  filled,  but  the  impaired  state  of  her  health  was  so 
evident  that  the  necessity  for  it  was  recognized.    There  was,  of 
/  course,  but  one  other  woman  thought  of  to  take  the  place — the 
J   Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw — and  she  felt  this  to  be  impossible  for 
1  the  same  reason  which  compelled  her  to  decline  it  when  Miss 
\Anthony  retired  from  the  office.    She  would  not  have  yielded  to 
the  almost  unanimous  desire  of  the  delegates  but  could  not  resist 
the  earnest  and  long-continued  entreaties  of  Miss  Anthony,  and 
so  she  accepted  the  great  responsibility. 

.     Miss  Anthony  presided  at  the  hearing  before  the  Senate  Com- 
'  mittee  and  in  her  closing  remarks  she  spoke  with  a  voice  that 
faltered  a  little,  in  spite  of  her  effort  at  self-control,  of  having 
made  her  appeals  before  the  committees  of  every  Congress  since 
f     1869 ;  she  told  how  at  the  close  of  the  Civil  War  the  women  were 
I     bidden  to  stand  aside  and  wait  till  the  negro  man  had  his  rights, 
and  then,  after  a  pause,  she  said :    "We  have  waited ;  we  stood 
aside  for  the  negro;  we  waited  for  the  millions  of  immigrants; 
now  we  must  wait  till  the  Hawaiians,  the  Filipinos  and  the  Porto 
Ricans  are  enfranchised;  then  no  doubt  the  Cubans  will  have 
their  turn.    For  all  these  ignorant,  alien  peoples  educated,  Amer- 
ican-bom women  have  been  compelled  to  stand  aside  and  waitl 
How  long  will  this  injustice,  this  outrage,  continue  ?" 
j  The  association  accepted  an  invitation  to  hold  its  next  conven- 
tion in  Portland,  Ore.,  and  it  happened  that  the  one  of  1906  went 
'/  to  Baltimore,  so  this  was  the  last  convention,  and  it  was  also  the 
/  last  committee  hearing  that  Miss   Anthony  ever  attended  in 
j  Washington.    An  interview  which  she  gave  at  this  time  for  the 
New  York  Sun  closed  as  follows:   "I  have  never  lost  my  faith, 
•    not  for  a  moment  in  fifty  years.    In  every  great  cause  there  must 
be  infinite  patience,  supreme  philosophy.    These  we  have  had  and 
what  is  the  situation  today?    Every  demand  made  fifty  years 


/ 


[1904]  LAST   WASHINGTON    CONVENTION.  I309 

Aigo — ^with  a  single  exception — has  been  granted  in  full  or  in 
/part ;  the  battle  is  so  far  won  as  to  be  practically  conceded.    .    .    . 
[  The  world  never  has  witnessed  a  greater  revolution  than  in  the 
1  status  of  woman  during  this  past  half-century." 
yMiss  Anthony  did  not  linger  in  the  capital  as  usual  but  re- 
ytumed  home  on  February  19,  as  she  needed  to  utilize  her  strength 
/  in  the  preparations  for  the  large  undertaking  which  was  before 
/  her — a  trip  to  Berlin  to  attend  the  International  Council  and  Con- 
V  gress  of  Women !    When  all  started  homeward  after  the  meeting 
of  the  Council  in  London,  in  1899,  Miss  Anthony,  then  in  her 
eightieth  year,  said,  "Now,  g^rls,  remember  that  you  will  have  to 
manage  the  next  Quinquennial  without  me,"  and  here  she  was  in 
her  eighty-fifth  year  preparing  to  make  the  4,000-mile  journey 
and  again  take  a  hand  in  the  "managing."    Those  who  were  ap- 
prehensive as  to  this  action  felt  that  even  if  attended  with  serious 
results  it  would  not  be  so  hard  for  her  as  to  remain  at  home  alone 
through  the  summer  with  all  her  nearest  and  dearest  coworkers 
on  the  other  side  of  the  ocean  at  the  sixteenth  anniversary  of  the 
splendid  organization  which  she  had  had  so  large  a  part  in  foimd- 
ing.     Her  longing  to  go,  her  desire  to  meet  again  her  friends 
7    from  all  parts  of  the  world,  were  so  intense  that  not  one  who 
I    loved  her  had  the  courage  to  voice  an  objection.    It  was  consid- 
«    ered  very  important,  however,  that  Miss  Mary  should  accompany 
her  and  this  that  lady  most  strenuously  objected  to.     She  had 
"done"  Europe  in  1899,  she  was  seventy-seven  years  old  herself, 
and  she  wanted  to  remain  in  the  quiet  and  peace  of  her  own  home. 
But  when  it  was  pointed  out  that  in  case  Miss  Anthony  should  be 
ill  nobody  could  understand  her  as  she  did,  and  that  the  near 
friends  would  have  such  urgent  duties  in  connection  with  the 
meetings  that  it  would  be  difficult  for  them  to  give  the  time  that 
might  be  required,  she  uncomplainingly  sacrificed  her  own  de- 
sires, just  as  she  had  done  all  her  life,  and  prepared  for  the 
journey.^ 

^It  may  be  said  at  this  point  that  nobody  at  the  Congress  got  more  unalloyed  enjoy- 
ment out  of  it  than  Miss  Mary;  that  Miss  Anthony  was  not  ill  a  day  all  summer  and  was 
glad  every  hour  that  she  made  the  trip;  and  that  her  presence  was  a  pleasure  to  thou- 
sands of  women  and  an  inestimable  benefit  to  the  Council. 


I3IO  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O4] 

The  officers  and  committees  of  the  German  Council  of  Women 
who  had  charge  of  the  arrangements  for  the  international  meet- 
ing were  most  anxious  that  it  should  have  the  prestige  of  Miss 
Anthony's  presence.  In  October,  1903,  she  had  received  from 
Frau  Marie  Stritt,  president,  and  the  Baroness  von  Beschwitz, 
secretary,  of  the  National  Council  of  Germany,  the  following 
official  letter : 

The  Executive  of  the  Bund  deutscher  Frauenvereine  have  charged  us  to 
present  their  respectful  greetings  to  you  and  invite  you  to  take  part  in  the 
proceedings  of  the  International  Congress  of  Women  to  be  held  at  Berlin  in 
June,  1904.  Your  presence  would  largely  contribute  to  the  success  of  this  im- 
portant gathering  and  be  a  source  of  satisfaction  and  enthusiasm  for  the 
women  meeting  here  from  all  parts  of  the  world. 

We  fully  recognize  that  our  invitation  involves  a  great  sacrifice  for  you 
but  we  also  know  that  in  a  measure  you  would  be  repaid  by  the  unbounded 
gratitude  of  the  whole  Congress,  and  by  your  own  feeling  of  rendering  such 
an  invaluable  service  to  the  cause  of  women.  We  should  be  happy  to  try  to 
make  everything  as  easy  and  pleasant  as  possible  for  you  and  we  should 
consider  the  moment  of  your  first  address  to  the  Congress  a  historical  event 
in  the  Woman's  Movement  in  Germany. 

We  still  have  to  thank  you  for  the  kind  greetings  sent  to  the  recent  meet- 
ing of  the  Executive  of  the  International  Council  of  Women  in  Dresden. 
Since  then  your  wishes  concerning  the  harmony,  dignity  and  loyalty  of  the 
proceedings  have  been  kept  in  mind  and  fulfilled,  and  all  misunderstandings 
have  been  cleared. 

We  beg  to  add  to  this  official  letter  the  expression  of  our  personal  respect 
and  admiration,  and  are,  dear  Miss  Anthony,  with  highest  regards  and 
heartfelt  greetings,  very  sincerely  yours. 

Later  the  Baroness  said  in  a  personal  letter:  "It  makes  me 
quite  sad  to  think  that  you  may  be  prevented  from  coming  to 
Berlin.  Every  woman  who  will  be  here  for  this  occasion  would 
be  happy  to  avail  herself  of  the  opportunity  of  seeing  you  and 
being  able  to  thank  you  for  what  you  have  done  for  womankind. 
That  I  have  already  had  this  privilege  is  one  of  my  most  precious 
memories.  It  would  be  a  great  joy  to  meet  you  again  and  your 
dear  sister  also.  Frau  Stritt  unites  with  me  in  love  to  you." 
From  Fraulein  Helene  Lange,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Education  and  Higher  Culture,  came  the  cordial  words :  "I  hope 
with  all  my  heart  that  you  will  be  able  to  come  over  to  the  Con- 
gress.   I  do  not  think  that  will  tempt  you,  but  surely  you  would 


[1904]  LAST   WASHINGTON    CONVENTION.  I3II 

be  the  most  beloved  and  revered  woman  of  the  whole  gathering. 
We  all  know  what  you  have  done  for  women  and  I  trust  you  will 
not  disappoint  those  who  wish  to  see  you  in  person,  among  whom 
I  myself  am  most  desirous."  Similar  letters  were  received  from 
many  countries  of  Europe  and  from  Australia  and  New  Zealand, 
and  these,  added  to  her  own  strong  wish  not  only  to  be  present  at 
the  great  meeting  but  to  do  whatever  lay  in  her  power  to  con- 
tribute to  its  success,  decided  her  to  go  to  Berlin. 

A  number  of  farewell  entertainments  were  given  in  Rochester 
for  the  prospective  voyagers.  One  pleasant  incident  was  the  as- 
sembling in  their  home  of  the  Eleventh  Ward  W.  C  T.  U.,  of 
which  Miss  Mary  was  a  member,  with  their  husbands  and  chil- 
dren, about  seventy-five  in  all,  to  say  good-by.  During  the  even- 
ing twenty-four  pupils  from  School  No.  2,  where  Miss  Mary  was 
so  long  principal,  came  in  and  sang  a  clever  little  song  composed 
by  Miss  Florence  Howard,  with  this  stirring  chorus : 

Hurrah  I  hurrah  I  for  noble  Susan  B. 

Hurrah  1  hurrah!  for  dear  Miss  Anthony. 

Among  our  country's  heroes,  with  the  honored  she  shall  be. 

When  we  have  gained  woman  suffrage. 

This  was  followed  by  an  interesting  program,  after  which  the 
president  of  the  union,  Mrs.  W.  L.  Howard,  told  of  the  warm 
regard  felt  for  the  two  sisters  by  their  neighbors  of  many  years 
and  the  desire  to  express  that  feeling  through  this  meeting ;  and 
Miss  Anthony  made  a  tender  response  for  herself  and  Miss  Mary 
which  showed  how  much  they  appreciated  this  neighborly  dem- 
onstration. 

All  of  the  Rochester  papers  gave  them  editorial  good-bys  and 
best  wishes.  When  they  left  home  the  morning  of  May  17  a 
large  number  of  friends  were  at  the  station  with  books,  flowers, 
fruit  and  other  offerings  to  make  the  voyage  pleasant,  and  while 
Miss  Anthony  maintained  her  composure  Miss  Mary  could  not 
restrain  her  tears.  They  remained  in  New  York  with  their 
cousin,  Mrs.  Lapham,  till  the  morning  of  May  19,  when  they  took 
the  North  German  Lloyd  steamer  Friedrich  der  Grosse.  An  im- 
mense crowd  was  gathered  to  watch  the  departure  of  the  big 


I3I2  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1904] 

ship,  and  as  Miss  Anthony  walked  up  the  gangplank  there  were 
cheering  and  clapping  of  hands  from  those  on  deck  and  on  the 
pier,  while  the  delegations  from  the  suffrage  clubs  of  New  York 
and  Brookl)^!  waved  flags  and  banners.  Miss  Anthony  found 
many  bouquets  and  baskets  of  flowers  awaiting  her,  among  them  a 
large  bunch  of  American  Beauty  roses  from  the  Equal  Suffrage 
Club  of  Washington,  D.  C.  To  those  who  understood  it  was  a 
most  touching  scene — this  grand  old  woman  in  her  eighty-fifth 
year  starting  bravely  and  cheerfully  for  a  journey  to  the  other 
side  of  the  world  to  attend  a  great  international  convention  which 
was  in  itself  the  direct  result  of  her  own  labors.  It  was  a  proud 
moment  for  the  group  of  women  who  stood  by  her  side  and  knew 
of  the  storm  and  stress  through  which  she  had  come  to  this  hour 
of  recognition,  respect  and  love. 

A  telegram  which  awaited  on  board — ^*'Susan  B.  Anthony  and 
Comrades:  Welcome  under  German  flag.  Letters  for  you  at 
Plymouth.  Ottilie  Hoffman,  for  the  German  Council." — ^made 
the  delegates  feel  as  if  already  they  were  the  guests  of  the  women 
of  Germany;  and  this  was  the  beginning  of  the  delicate  consid- 
eration, the  thoughtful  attention,  that  continued  unceasingly  as 
long  as  a  foreign  visitor  to  the  Council  remained  in  Berlin.  The 
present  writer  takes  the  liberty  of  quoting  freely  from  her  own 
letters  to  the  press  of  the  United  States,  as  they  concern  the 
greatest  meeting  of  women  ever  held,  and,  written  in  the  midst 
of  its  inspiring  influences,  have  more  vitality  than  anything  which 
could  be  said  after  the  lapse  of  years. 

Every  morning  we  were  awakened  by  the  cheerful  voice  of  Miss  Anthony, 
who  was  always  ready  for  breakfast  at  the  bugle  call  and  then  made  the 
round  of  the  staterooms  to  laugh  at  the  late  risers.  When  the  weather  was 
so  cold  that  the  others  were  shivering  in  the  cabin,  she  was  on  deck  taking 
in  new  life  through  the  bracing  salt  air,  carefully  wrapped  up  by  the  devoted 
Mary,  who,  being  only  in  her  seventy-eighth  year,  came  along  to  take  care 
of  her  distinguished  sister  Susan.  On  Sunday  we  held  divine  service  with 
a  sermon  by  Charlotte  Perkins  Gilman,  and  every  evening  after  dinner  we 
had  a  "round  table"  conclave,  which  the  other  passengers  regarded  with 
some  envy,  as  there  were  bright  stories  and  a  discussion  of  many  vital  ques- 
tions in  which  the  public  mind  is  now  interested.* 

*  In  the  party  were  Mrs.  Carrie  Chapman  Catt,  Mrs.  Mary  Wood  Swift,  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
B.  Grannis,  Miss  Belle  Kearney,   Mrs.  Lydia  Kingsmill  Commander,   Mrs.   Lucretia   L. 


[1904]  LAST   WASHINGTON    CONVENTION.  I313 

One  evening  each  speaker  was  asked  for  an  outline  of  the  address  she 
should  make  at  the  Council,  in  order  that  we  might  judge  of  the  probable 
effect  on  a  Gennan  audience.  The  first  announced  that  she  should  put  in 
the  strongest  possible  plea  for  total  abstinence  and  for  scientific  temperance 
instruction  in  all  the  schools  which  should  show  the  children  the  great  injury 
to  the  stomach  and  brain  and  the  demoralizing  effects  generally  which  were 
caused  by  alcoholic  drinks.  The  second  stated  that  she  should  argue  for  a 
recognition  of  the  absolute  equality  of  women  in  the  Church,  her  admission 
to  the  pulpit  and  to  all  religious  councils  and  her  participation  in  all  Church 
government.  Another  said  she  should  demand  the  suffrage  for  every  citizen, 
men  and  women  alike,  with  the  abolition  of  all  class  distinctions  so  far  as  a 
voice  in  State  affairs  is  concerned.  Still  another  was  going  to  expound  the 
new  scientific  theory  that  in  the  jelly-fish  age  there  was  no  masculine  ele- 
ment but  only  the  feminine,  that  the  male  was  an  afterthought,  of  not  much 
consequence,  but  somehow  he  had  secured  the  upperhand,  and  it  was  time 
we  got  back  to  first  principles.  Then  one  declared  that  she  should  demon- 
strate that  the  entrance  of  women  into  the  industrial  field  was  wholly  in- 
compatible with  domestic  life,  and  that,  as  they  had  entered  this  field  per- 
manently, the  home  would  have  to  be  in  a  measure  sacrificed  and  the  number 
of  children  to  the  family  greatly  reduced  or  else  the  State  must  take  care  of 
them.  About  this  time  the  whistling  of  the  winds  and  the  roaring  of  the 
waves  seemed  to  take  on  an  especially  mournful  sound,  and  we  began  to 
wonder  if  we  could  not  get  a  ship  at  Bremerhaven,  which  would  take  us 
straight  back  home. 

When  we  arrived  at  Bremerhaven  on  a  warm,  sunny  morning,  great  was 
our  surprise  and  pleasure  to  see  stretched  across  the  railroad  station  of  the 
North  German  Lloyd  a  white  banner  with  the  letters  L  C.  W. — International 
Council  of  Women — ^and  to  be  greeted  by  a  hospitable  delegation  from 
Bremen.  A  telegram  had  met  us  at  Plymouth,  England,  the  day  before,  ask- 
ing if  we  would  stop  over  and  accept  a  ''tea"  in  our  honor,  and  we  had 
answered  "yes"  from  Cherbourg,  but  we  did  not  expect  them  to  make  a 
journey  of  an  hour-and-a-half  by  rail  to  meet  us  at  seven  o'clock  in  the 
morning.  "Traveling  dress  would  be  en  r^le",  the  dispatch  had  said,  but 
we  went  up  to  Hillman's  Hotel  and  opened  our  trunks  and  arrayed  ourselves 
in  a  manner  that  would  be  a  credit  to  our  native  land. 

A  procession  of  carriages,  each  containing  a  German  lady  who  spoke 
English  perfectly,  carried  us  for  several  hours  about  this  beautiful  place, 
one  of  the  three  "free  cities"  of  Germany,  founded  by  Charlemagne  in  the 
eighth  century.  The  moat  which  protected  it  when  a  fortified  town  still  Rows 
around  it,  and  the  drive  seemed  through  one  continuous  park,  the  broad 
streets  lined  with  palatial  homes,  each  having  exquisite  gardens  and  glass- 
enclosed  verandas  at  front  and  back,  with  a  luxuriance  of  flowers  and  vines 

Blankenbnrg,  Mrs.  Amelia  and  Miss  Sadie  American,  Mrs.  Alice  Wheeler  Peirce,  Miss 
Nettie  Lovisa  White,  Mrs.  S.  T.  Bird  and  Mrs.  Estelle  Husted  Froeb.  Miss  Shaw,  Miss 
Lucy  £.  Anthony  and  others  had  gone  on  an  earlier  boat,  and  Mrs.  Sewall  came  on  a 
later  one. 


I314  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O4] 

that  suggested  the  tropics  instead  of  a  seaport  town  as  far  north  as  Labra- 
dor.   .    .    . 

The  "tea"  was  given  in  a  handsome  clubhouse  on  the  border  of  a  lake  in 
the  park,  and  the  American  women  were  received  by  Fraulein  Ottilie  Hoff- 
man, president  of  the  Bremen  Council  of  Women,  and  a  number  of  Frau 
Burgermeisters,  Frau  Baronesses,  Frau  Senators,  Frau  Professors  and  Frau 
Doctors,  among  them  Frau  Consul  Diedrichs,  the  wife  in  Germany  always 
taking  the  husband's  title.  U.  S.  Consul  H.  W.  Diedrichs  gave  an  address 
of  welcome,  expressing  his  belief  in  the  fullest  liberty  and  equality  for 
women,  and  paying  an  eloquent  tribute  to  Miss  Anthony.  There  were 
speeches,  refreshments  and  music — ^the  ode  "America"  being  printed  on  the 
program  in  English  and  German  and  sung  by  all.  The  delegates  said  this 
day  alone  was  worth  the  trip  across  the  ocean,  and  it  was  with  happiest 
anticipations  that  all  started  the  next  morning  for  Berlin. 


CHAPTER   LXV. 

THE   INTERNATIONAL   COUNCIL  OF   WOMEN   IN    BERLIN. 

1904. 

'HEN  the  delegates  from  the  United  States  to  the 
International  Council  of  Women  landed  at  Brem- 
erhaven  May  30  a  telegram  was  handed  to  Miss 
Anthony — "Welcome  on  German  soil  for  you  and 
all  your  friends  in  the  name  of  the  National  Coun- 
cil of  Women  of  Germany" — signed  by  Frau  Marie  Stritt,  its 
president.  On  their  arrival  at  Berlin  the  day  following  the  cor- 
dial reception  at  Bremen  she  and  other  Council  officials  were  at 
the  station  with  warmest  greetings,  and  soon  all  were  delight- 
fully settled  in  Das  Palast  Hotel,  their  headquarters.  Here  every 
possible  courtesy  was  extended  to  them  and  Miss  Anthony's  room 
was  decorated  with  flowers  during  her  entire  stay.  Extracts 
from  the  present  writer's  syndicate  correspondence  must  be  de- 
pended on  to  give  an  idea  of  this  occasion,  but  any  written  words 
are  inadequate  to  do  justice  to  this  wonderful  convocation  extend- 
ing through  two  weeks — ^June  6-20.  It  attracted  the  attention  of 
the  entire  civilized  world  as  its  proceedings  were  sent  out  day 
after  day  by  the  forty  or  fifty  newspaper  correspondents  who 
were  present  at  every  session. 

"A  Berlin  I  A  Berlin !"  was  the  warlike  cry  of  Napoleon  a  generation  ago, 
as  with  fire  and  sword  he  marched  his  vast  army  toward  the  Prussian  capi- 
tal. And  "A  Berlin!  A  Berlin!"  has  been  the  rallying  cry  of  an  army  of 
women,  as  from  the  four  comers  of  the  earth  they  journeyed  to  the  seat  of 
the  German  Empire. 

Discomfited,  routed  and  humiliated,  the  French  Emperor  turned  back  with 
his  journey  forever  unfinished,  but  the  women  have  come,  have  seen,  have 
conquered,  and  under  the  white  banner  of  peace  those  of  Germany  and 
France  clasp  friendly  hands;  Australia  and  New  Zealand  bring  greetings  to 
Austria  and  Bulgaria;  the  Italian  peninsula  salutes  the  Scandinavian;  South 

(1315) 


I316  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1904] 

America  presents  her  compliments  to  Great  Britain,  and  the  United  States 
beams  approvingly  on  all  in  her  best  "We-preserve-the-integrity-of-the- 
nations"  style. 

This  International  Council  and  Congress  has  demonstrated  in  a  high 
degree  the  wonderful  organizing  ability  of  German  women,  as  the  arrange- 
ments were  entirely  in  their  hands.  It  was  a  wholly  new  experience  for 
them,  but  they  put  into  it  the  same  system  and  thoroughness  with  which  for 
generations  they  have  managed  their  households,  and  the  German  hausfrau 
is  noted  among  the  women  of  all  nations. 

The  Philharmonic,  where  the  meetings  were  held,  is  one  of  the  largest 
halls  in  the  world,  and  has  under  one  roof  four  great  audience  rooms,  be- 
sides many  others  for  various  purposes.  It  was  turned  over  to  the  Berlin 
committee  of  eleven  women  just  three  days  before  the  Congress  was  to  open, 
and  at  once  they  put  a  hundred  people  at  work.  Temporary  partitions  were 
made  wherever  needed,  and  thus  long  corridors  and  bare  apartments  were 
transformed  into  art  galleries,  drawing  rooms,  cafes,  tea  rooms,  writing 
rooms,  rest  rooms,  etc.  Paint  was  used  where  it  seemed  necessary,  draperies, 
tapestries  and  pictures  were  hung,  rugs  were  laid,  the  platforms  were 
banked  with  flowers,  the  court  was  transformed  into  a  garden  and  the  long 
entrance  porticos  into  bowers  of  evergreens. 

A  large  room  was  equipped  with  every  facility  for  reporters,  including 
telephone  and  telegraph.  The  Government  itself  established  a  branch  post 
office  in  the  lobby.  Not  a  detail  was  omitted  which  would  add  to  comfort 
or  convenience,  and  all  this  splendid  arrangement  was  the  work  of  women, 
and  so  perfectly  planned  that  it  could  be  carried  to  completion  in  three  days. 

The  programme  itself  was  a  marvel,  a  pasteboard  covered  volume  of  140 
pages,  well  indexed.  .  .  .  Two  hundred  young  women  from  the  High 
Schools  acted  as  ushers  and  doorkeepers,  all  speaking  English.  Their  cour- 
tesy and  efficiency  were  in  keeping  with  the  whole  marvelous  system. 
Especially  beautiful  was  their  devotion  to  Miss  Anthony.  Whenever  she 
entered  or  left  the  hall  half-a-dozen  would  go  to  her  with  every  kindly 
assistance  and  end  by  kissing  her  hand.  At  first  this  embarrassed  her  but 
she  soon  retaliated  by  kissing  them  on  the  cheek. 

The  hospitality  of  the  Berlin  women  to  the  Council  delegates  and  speakers 
can  hardly  be  expressed  in  words.  It  has  been  overflowing,  boundless,  un- 
ceasing. .  .  .  This  Congress  has  set  a  pace  in  social  entertainment  which 
it  seems  hardly  possible  can  ever  be  equalled.  Five  invitations  for  one  after- 
noon have  not  been  unusual.  The  opening  of  the  Congress  was  preceded 
Sunday  evening  by  a  concert  such  as  one  can  have  only  in  Germany,  the 
orchestra  composed  of  one  hundred  young  women  perfectly  trained  by  a 
woman  leader.  It  was  given  in  Philharmonic  Hall  and  followed  by  a  ban- 
quet to  2,000  invited  guests.  A  theatre  was  rented  for  another  evening  by 
the  Berlin  Committee,  who  invited  the  delegates  and  speakers  to  a  concert 
by  the  best  artists  in  the  city.  At  another  time  all  were  taken  to  a  fine 
play  in  one  of  the  large  theatres.  Musicales  have  been  given  in  private 
residences  with  musicians  from  renowned  opera  companies.  Many  of  the 
most  beautiful  homes  have  been  opened  for  dinners,  luncheons  and  recep- 


Erwin  Raupp 


FRAU  MARIE  STRUT. 

Prbsidbnt  National  Council  of  Wombm  of  Gbrmamy. 


[1904]         THE   INTERNATIONAL   COUNCIL   IN   BERLIN.  I317 

tions.  One  noticeable  afternoon  tea  was  given  in  the  large  rooms  of  the 
German  Woman's  Club,  the  hostesses  all  doctors  of  philosophy  and  most  of 
the  guests  graduates  of  the  German  Universities.  This  occasion  was  honored 
by  the  presence  of  many  distinguished  men  who  are  university  professors. 

The  breakfast  given  by  the  Berlin  Committee  of  Entertainment,  whose 
chairman  is  Frau  Hedwig  Heyl,  daughter  of  the  founder  of  the  North  Ger- 
man Lloyd  Steamship  Company,  has  been  one  of  the  most  notable  events. 
The  club  house  in  one  of  the  lovely  parks  on  the  shores  of  the  River  Spree 
was  an  ideal  place,  and  every  arrangement  was  perfect — ^music,  flowers, 
toasts,  souvenirs,  not  a  detail  lacking,  even  the  bonbons  bearing  an  excellent 
picture  of  Miss  Anthony.  An  afternoon  tea  for  Americans  only  was  given 
by  Mrs.  Mary  B.  Willard,  whose  school  for  girls  has  been  noted  for  nearly 
a  quarter-of-a-century.  The  Ambassador,  Consul-General  Mason,  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Dickie  and  other  prominent  Americans  gave  an  atmosphere  to  the 
pleasant  rooms  that  was  highly  appreciated  by  those  who  were  several 
thousand  miles  away  from  home. 

Mrs.  May  Wright  Sewall,  the  retiring  president,  has  had  three  functions, 
an  opening  "coffee,"  a  handsome  luncheon  of  a  hundred  covers,  and  a  large 
reception  in  honor  of  the  new  official  board,  all  in  the  banquet  room  of  Das 
Palast  Hotel.  At  each  of  these  Miss  Anthony  was  placed  at  her  right  hand, 
sharing  the  honors  with  her  and  the  Countess  of  Aberdeen,  the  incoming 
president.  The  first  week's  social  festivities  closed  fittingly  with  the  recep- 
tion of  Ambassador  and  Mrs.  Charlemagne  Tower  to  the  American  dele- 
gates. They  reside  in  a  magnificent  palace  in  an  artistocratic  part  of  the 
city.  Mrs.  Tower  delayed  her  sailing  for  the  United  States  a  week  in  order 
to  extend  this  courtesy;  Miss  Anthony  received  from  her  a  special  letter  of 
invitation  and  was  accorded  every  distinction. 

The  entertainments  which  beyond  all  others  have  called  forth  the  most 
enthusiasm  and  delight  have  been  the  garden  parties.  There  are  few  cities, 
if  any,  where  private  mansions  are  surrounded  by  such  grounds  as  in  Berlin. 
The  trees  showing  the  growth  of  a  century  or  more,  the  luxuriance  of  vines 
and  shrubs  which  hardly  can  be  put  into  words,  fountains  and  statues,  the 
wealth  of  roses  and  other  fragrant  flowers,  the  long  stretch  of  green  turf, 
realize  one's  dream  of  a  modem  paradise.  But  even  these  are  surpassed  by 
the  splendid  country  estates,  whose  gardens  are  terraced  down  to  the  shores 
of  river  or  lake.  Afternoon  parties  have  been  given  at  half  a  dozen  of  these, 
the  guests  going  out  by  train  and  the  Government  itself  dividing  courtesies 
with  the  hostesses  by  placing  its  own  boats  at  their  service  for  little  trips 
on  the  water. 

One  of  the  largest  museums  in  Berlin  excluded  all  sightseers  for  the 
afternoon,  transformed  its  main  hall  into  a  handsome  drawing-room  and 
entertained  the  visitors  with  an  elaborate  "tea."  For  three  afternoons  the 
Lette-Verein  kept  open  house  for  the  foreign  guests,  and  no  experience  of 
these  wonderful  weeks  called  forth  such  exclamations  of  surprise  and  de- 
light. This  Lette-Verein  is  the  largest  and  most  complete  school  in  exist- 
ence for  training  girls  in  the  domestic  arts  and  sciences  and  is  now  over 
forty  years  old.    .    .    . 

One  innovation  connected  with  this  Congress   was  in  a  way  more  sig- 


I318  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O4] 

nificant  than  all  else.  There  is  in  Berlin  a  spacious  and  beautiful  American 
church,  built  a  few  years  ago  at  a  cost  of  $100,000,  undenominational  but 
strictly  orthodox.  Its  pastor  for  the  last  ten  years,  the  Rev.  Dr.  James 
Francis  Dickie,  a  Scotchman,  and  formerly  of  the  Presbyterian  church  of 
Detroit,  placed  his  church  at  the  disposal  of  the  Council  for  three  Sunday 
afternoons.  When  he  asked  advice  on  this  point  from  Ambassador  Tower, 
the  answer  was:  "Certainly;  let  the  embassy,  the  consul-generalate  and  the 
American  church  show  every  possible  honor  to  the  women  of  the  United 
States." 

The  church  was  filled  to  overflowing  the  first  Sunday,  and  when  the  Rev. 
Anna  Howard  Shaw  arose  to  offer  prayer  the  audience  resembled  a  field  of 
wheat  stirred  by  a  breeze  as  it  leaned  forward  to  see  a  woman  preacher.  It 
seemed  most  fitting  that  the  first  woman  who  ever  spoke  from  a  pulpit  in 
Germany  should  be  Susan  B.  Anthony,  for  among  the  earliest  demands 
made  by  Mrs.  Stanton  and  herself  in  1852  was  one  that  women  should  be 
permitted  to  enter  the  ministry  and  have  part  in  all  church  councils.  It  was 
a  touching  spectacle — ^this  great  apostle  of  freedom,  in  her  eighty-fifth  year, 
with  a  note  of  triumph  in  her  voice,  contrasting  the  position  of  women  now 
and  half-a-century  ago.  The  inspiring  address  of  Mrs.  Carrie  Chapman 
Catt,  which  followed,  brought  the  audience  so  near  to  applause  that  Miss 
Shaw  came  quickly  forward  to  pronounce  the  benediction  and  request  that 
they  observe  reverently  the  day  and  place.  Dr.  Dickie  looked  proud  and 
pleased  as  he  offered  his  arm  to  Miss  Anthony,  literally  to  rescue  her,  as  the 
entire  congregation  of  women  pressed  forward  and  fairly  took  her  in  their 
embrace. 

f  The  chief  social  event  was  the  reception  by  the  Empress  in  the  Royal 
I  Palace  of  Berlin.  ...  No  one  can  go  to  the  palace  in  an  ordinary  hired 
conveyance,  but  must  have  a  carriage  of  the  first-class,  with  liveried  coach- 
man and  footman,  and  so,  with  all  due  pomp  and  ceremony,  our  democratic 
American  representatives  went  clattering  "unter  den  linden"  at  eleven  o'clock 
in  the  morning.  They  walked  through  the  large  court  and  up  the  broad 
marble  staircase  past  many  guards  in  gorgeous  livery,  or,  as  Miss  Anthony 
expressed  it,  "in  uniforms  covered  with  streaks  of  red  and  gold."  During 
the  few  moments  of  waiting  in  an  antechamber  they  studied  the  historical 
paintings,  and  she  said  that  by  far  the  most  interesting  to  her  was  the  one 
of  "Victoria  having  her  baby  christened."  Within  the  great  reception  hall 
they  were  ranged  in  a  semi-drcle,  with  Lady  Aberdeen  the  incoming  and 
Mrs.  Sewall  the  retiring  president  at  the  head,  and  next  in  line  the  Inter- 
national Board  and  Frau  Stritt,  president  of  the  German  Council ;  then  Miss 
Anthony,  Mrs.  Mary  Wood  Swift,  of  San  Francisco,  president  of  the  United 
States  Council,  and  the  presidents  of  those  of  various  countries.  The  pres- 
entations were  made  by  Frau  Wentzel-Heckmann,  chairman  of  the  Berlin 
Committee  of  Arrangements.  In  a  few  moments  Count  Knasebeck,  master 
of  ceremonies,  came  in  with  two  ladies-in-waiting,  and  soon  afterward  Hof 
Marschall  Graf  von  Mirbach  entered  with  the  Empress  and  the  chief  lady- 
of-the-court. 
Her  Majesty  was   simply  but  handsomely  gowned   in  mode   broadcloth, 


[1904]         THE   INTERNATIONAL    COUNCIL   IN    BERLIN.  I319 

slightly  trained  and  heavily  embroidered  in  white  silk,  the  bodice  filled  in 
with  duchesse  lace  and  adorned  with  orders  and  decorations.  Her  jewels 
were  large  pearl  earrings,  pearl  pin  and  a  long  gold  chain  set  with  many 
diamonds.  Her  soft,  gray  hair  was  waved  and  dressed  k  la  pompadour  and 
she  wore  a  little  bonnet  trimmed  in  pink  roses.  Naturally  the  visitors  were 
considerably  flustered,  but  the  above  seems  to  be  the  consensus  of  opinion 
on  the  important  point  of  toilet.  But  alas,  all  they  can  remember  as  to  the 
gowns  of  the  ladies-in-waiting  is  that  one  was  blue  and  one  was  gray,  while 
the  third  seems  to  range  all  along  the  chromatic  scale,  some  of  them  indeed 
declaring  there  was  no  third  lady  but  that  the  others  "saw  double." 

The  versatility  and  the  broad  education  and  information  of  royalty  were 

strikingly  illustrated  on  this  occasion,  for,  as  Augusta  Victoria  passed  down 

the  line,  shaking  hands  with  every  guest,  not  pnly  did  she  address  each  one 

in  her  native  language,  but  made  a  few  remarks  to  her  showing  a  knowledge 

of  the  particular  line  of  activity  she  represented.    It  was  indeed  marvelous. 

When  the  Empress  reached  the  grand  old  woman  of  America,  she  said  at 

once,  "Miss  Anthony,  you  are  the  honored  guest  of  this  occasion,"  and  then 

expressed  appreciation  of  the  great  work  she  had  done  and  asked  several 

questions  regarding  it.     Miss  Anthony  thanked  her  for  her  interest,   and 

said  she  hoped  that  as  Emperor  William  had  raised  Germany  to  a  commer- 

j  cial  equality  with  the  United  States,  he  would  go  still  further  and  give  Ger- 

1   man  women  a  higher  place  than  was  allowed  to  American  women.     The 

I    Empress  smiled  and  said,  "The  gentlemen  are  very  slow  to  comprehend 

V^his  movement." 

After  she  passed  on,  the  master  of  ceremonies,  ("the  major  domo"  Miss 
Anthony  called  him),  came  and  said:  "Her  Majesty  requests  that  you  will 
be  seated."  She  sat  down,  but  presently,  fearing  that  it  was  not  respectful 
to  sit  in  the  presence  of  royalty,  she  stood  again.  The  Empress  was  well 
down  the  line  by  this  time,  but,  illustrating  her  keenness  of  notice,  in  a 
moment  her  lady-in-waiting  left  her  and  came  back,  saying:  "Her  Majesty 
says  she  will  be  greatly  distressed  if  you  do  not  sit."  When  the  Empress 
had  reached  the  end  of  the  line  she  passed  back,  bowing  graciously  to  each 
visitor,  but  again  stopped  before  Miss  Anthony,  shook  hands  with  her  and 
said  good-by  with  the  wish  for  a  pleasant  stay  in  Berlin. 

"Did  you  kiss  the  Empress's  hand?"  we  asked.  "No"  said  Miss  An- 
thony, "I  just  bowed  my  head,  as  I  would  to  any  distinguished  American 
woman,  and  told  her  I  was  a  Quaker  and  did  not  understand  the  etiquette 
of  the  court,  and  she  said  gently  for  me  to  follow  my  own  customs."  "She 
is  beautiful,"  continued  Miss  Anthony,  "and  she  doesn't  look  a  bit  as  if  she 
had  had  seven  children — such  a  lovely,  graceful  figure — and  if  I  ever  saw 
happiness  in  a  woman's  face  it  was  in  hers." 

And  so  the  ladies  came  away,  proud  and  happy,  and  those  from  the 
United  States  gathered  in  conclave  in  a  big  upper  chamber  of  Das  Palast 
Hotel  to  discuss  the  burning  question  as  to  whether  we  were  most  honored 
in  England,  when  Queen  Victoria  allowed  the  whole  body  of  delegates  to 
look  at  her,  but  did  not  speak  to  any,  and  yet  had  tea  served  in  the  great 
St.  George's  Hall  of  Windsor  Castle  by  her  own  servants  in  the  royal  livery ; 
or  in  Germany  by  Empress  Augusta  Victoria,  who  extended  a  personal 
Ant.  Ill— 14 


1320  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O4] 

recognition  to  our  official  representatives,  and  yet  did  no  more  than  she 
was  obliged  to  do  if  she  gave  any  notice  at  all.  The  opinions  were  divided, 
but  all  were  agreed  that  in  both  instances  our  delegates  were  quite  as  well 
received,  to  say  the  very  least,  as  ever  they  had  been  in  the  Executive  Man- 
sion of  their  own  country. 

The  second  event  of  especial  interest  was  the  garden  party,  given  by  the 
wife  of  the  Imperial  Chancellor,  Count  von  Buelow,  and  the  wife  of  the 
Minister  of  Internal  Affairs,  Count  von  Posadonsky,  as  this  also  was  an 
official  recognition  of  the  Council  The  Government  here  owns  the  homes 
of  the  "cabinet,"  just  as  that  of  the  United  States  does  the  home  of  the 
President,  and  the  massive  stone  buildings  extend  for  many  blocks  on  vari- 
ous streets,  the  gardens  back  of  them  being  thrown  together  by  opening 
gates  in  the  dividing  walls.  The  house  now  occupied  by  Chancellor  von 
Buelow,  therefore,  is  the  one  where  the  great  Bismarck  lived  and  ruled  for 
so  many  years.  It  gave  one  a  peculiar  sensation  to  pass  instantly  from  the 
deafening  noises  of  a  busy  street  in  the  heart  of  the  city,  through  tall,  iron 
gates  and  stone  arches  into  what  seemed  to  be  the  virgin  forest  extending 
beyond  sight.  Not  a  sound  was  heard  except  the  songs  of  birds  and  the 
falling  water  of  fountains.  Every  reminder  of  a  city  was  blotted  out  Bal- 
conies gay  with  flowers  overhung  the  gardens,  and  scattered  about  under  the 
trees  were  rustic  seats  and  tables  with  steaming  coffee  and  tea  urns,  heaping 
bowls  of  strawberries,  ices,  cakes,  sandwiches  and  the  other  edibles  every- 
where so  bountifully  served.  The  hostesses  and  their  distinguished  hus- 
bands strolled  among  the  guests,  chatting  in  German,  French  or  English. 
But  there  was  no  interest  equal  to  that  of  walking  from  room  to  room  in 
the  palace  of  Bismarck,  apartments  so  lofty  and  so  spacious  that  a  ball 
might  be  held  in  any  one  of  them,  and  going  into  the  study  of  the  Chan- 
cellor, just  as  it  was  in  his  lifetime,  with  his  full-length  portrait  above  the 
desk,  and  feeling  the  very  presence  of  the  man  who  made  the  German 
Empire. 

"Do  not  think  for  a  moment,"  we  are  told  by  those  who  assume  to  know, 
"that  these  ministers  approve  of  this  vast,  progressive  body  of  women  who 
have  descended  upon  Berlin,  or  that  they  wanted  to  give  this  garden  party." 
Then  why  did  they  do  it?  Ah,  why?  What  is  the  influence  which  has 
made  it  possible  for  this  Interfiational  Council  of  Women  to  come  into  this 
most  conservative  city  and  hold  the  largest  and  most  successful  Congress 
in  its  history  of  wonderful  meetings?  Can  any  one  doubt  that  back  of  it 
all  is  the  shrewdest  man  who  ever  occupied  a  throne?  Can  there  be  a 
question  that,  had  there  been  a  wish  to  do  so,  an  intangible,  imperceptible 
atmosphere  might  easily  have  been  created  which  would  have  blighted  the 
Congress  as  a  frost  destroys  the  flower  and  the  fruit?  Cleverest  of  rulers! 
Never  did  the  Iron  Chancellor  himself  outgeneral  the  nations  of  the  earth 
with  finer  diplomacy  than  has  William  II  outwitted  the  women  of  the  world 
who  came  to  Berlin  expecting  to  find  womanhood  oppressed,  free  speech 
curtailed  and  public  meetings  frowned  upon. 

The  self-satisfied  American  woman  has  learned  at  least  one  lesson  during 


[1904]         THE   INTERNATIONAL   COUNCIL   IN    BERLIN.  I32I 

the  past  two  weeks,  and  this  is  that  if  she  is  going  to  keep  on  attending 
International  Councils  she  will  have  to  know  more  than  her  mother  tongue. 
Much  amusement  was  created  by  Miss  Anthony's  naive  remark  in  one  of 
her  speeches  that  she  now  appreciated  more  than  ever  the  need  that  there 
should  be  one  language  for  all  the  world,  and  this  should  be  English!  At 
the  London  meeting  it  was  generally  acknowledged  that  American  women 
carried  off  the  palm,  but  here  the  German  women  are  on  their  native  heath, 
and  those  from  the  neighboring  countries  are  not  far  from  it  Their  skill  in 
presiding,  their  fine  voices,  their  self-possession  and  their  outbursts  of  im- 
passioned oratory  have  been  a  revelation  to  those  who  have  supposed  that 
what  is  called  "the  new  woman"  had  not  yet  found  her  way  into  continental 
Europe.  Their  speeches  also  have  a  distinct  vein  of  humor  and  sarcasm, 
which  meets  with  quick  response  from  audiences  that  are  unapproached  in 
enthusiasm  and  appreciation. 

If,  however,  one  dared  to  say  that  the  women  of  any  country  had  been 
honored  above  those  of  another,  in  this  city  of  unsurpassed  hospitality,  this 
distinction  might  justly  be  claimed  for  those  from  the  United  States,  or 
certainly  for  a  few  of  the  most  representative.  Far  above  and  beyond  all 
of  these  must  be  placed  Susan  B.  Anthony,  who  was  introduced  as  **Miss 
Anthony  of  the  world."  And  so  it  has  proved  to  be,  for  never  in  her  own 
land,  even  in  these  later  days,  when  she  has  been  met  with  cheers  instead  of 
hisses  and  with  flowers  in  place  of  stones,  has  she  received  greater  ovations 
than  from  these  cosmopolitan  audiences  in  the  capital  of  Germany.  They 
have  not  been  confined  to  the  Congress,  but  have  extended  to  the  social  fes- 
tivities, where  in  almost  every  instance  she  has  been  placed  in  the  seat  of 
honor,  and  always  has  been  obliged  to  respond  to  the  call  for  a  speech,  and 
not  the  voice  of  any  speaker  has  been  more  easily  heard.  The  newspapers 
have  commented  on  the  dignity  and  modesty  with  which  she  has  accepted  it 
all,  and  the  generous  sympathy  and  recognition  she  has  shown  to  other 
speakers  and  the  lines  of  thought  they  represented.  Indeed  herein  lies  the 
chief  reason  of  her  large  and  loyal  constituency  and  her  steadily  increasing 
prestige  and  power. 

It  was  a  fitting  culmination  of  the  most  remarkable  Congress  of  women 
ever  held  that  it  should  close  with  an  official  reception  by  the  Biirgermeister 
and  Municipal  Council  of  Berlin,  capital  of  the  vast  and  powerful  German 
Empire.  The  Rathhaus,  or  town  hall,  is  one  of  the  many  imposing  edifices 
for  which  this  city  is  noted,  its  interior  rich  with  painting,  sculpture  and 
decorations.  The  broad  marble  staircase  is  so  banked  with  palms  and 
flowers  as  to  have  the  appearance  of  a  garden  on  either  side.  At  the  top  is 
a  lofty  and  spacious  hall  with  massive  columns,  and  in  the  centre  a  large 
fountain  surrounded  by  garden  and  aquatic  plants.  Near  this,  with  the 
ladies  of  the  Berlin  committee,  stood  the  Board  of  Magistrates,  with  heavy 
gold  chains  and  medals  about  their  necks,  to  extend  a  cordial  welcome  to 
the  guests.  The  latter  numbered  seven  hundred — visitors  to  the  Congress 
and  prominent  men  and  women  of  Berlin — ^and  after  the  invitations  were 
issued  no  pressure  could  secure  one  additional,  so  rigid  and  systematic  are 
the  restrictions  which  prevail  here  in  everything. 


1322  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O4] 

At  nine  o'clock  the  magnificent  banquet  hall— the  Fest  Saal— was  thrown 
open,  showing  tables  far  more  richly  decorated  than  would  be  possible  in 
our  Presidential  mansion  at  Washington.  The  marble  pillars,  coppered  ceil- 
ing, carved  oak  doors,  richly  panelled  walls,  beautiful  chandeliers,  paintings 
and  statuary  made  a  picture  not  to  be  forgotten.  There  were  music,  flowers 
and  champagne;  but  the  toasts  were  the  significant  feature  of  the  evening. 
It  was  not  a  slight  and  irrelevant  circumstance  that  a  Burgermeister  of  Ber- 
lin, an  official  of  high  rank,  elected  for  twelve  years,  should  for  the  first  time 
in  all  history  welcome  a  gathering  of  women  in  the  Town  Hall  of  the  city. 
Nor  was  this  a  perfunctory  and  meaningless  function;  for,  standing  in  the 
place  of  honor,  with  distinguished  women  from  all  parts  of  the  globe  on 
either  side  of  him,  and  Susan  B.  Anthony  at  his  right  hand,  he  said,  in  the 
course  of  an  extended  speech: 

"Who  can  fail  to  recognize  the  fact  that  the  woman's  movement  of  today, 
pressing  forward  with  the  might  of  an  elementary  force,  rests  upon  a  sound 
and  valuable  foundation;  that  it  ushers  in  a  significant  and  promising  epoch 
in  the  development  of  the  human  race?  That  this  fact  is  recognized — will- 
ingly and  joyfully  recognized — among  the  men  of  this  city,  let  this  festivity 
tiiis  evening  bear  witness  to  the  women.  And  so,  in  behalf  of  the  municipal 
authorities  of  Berlin,  I  welcome  the  members  of  the  International  Woman's 
Congress  with  all  my  heart  as  co-workers  for  the  welfare  of  humanity  in 
the  sphere  of  public  life.  May  all  the  hopes  that  the  women  themselves 
attach  to  this  movement  be  completely  realized,  and  may  their  cooperation 
bear  rich  and  abundant  fruit." 

Burgermeister  Kirschner  was  followed  by  Dr.  Langerhaus,  president  of 
the  Board  of  Magistrates,  or  Aldermen,  and  for  many  years  a  member  of 
the  Prussian  House  of  Deputies,  who  made  a  most  progressive  address  in 
which  he  used  these  unmistakable  words: 

"We  fully  support  your  efforts  for  justice  and  we  gladly  take  our  stand  in 
favor  of  equal  rights  for  women  and  men.  .  .  .  Rest  assured  that  we 
have  followed  your  proceedings  with  the  greatest  interest,  and  that  we  will 
cheerfully  support  you  until  you  have  attained  your  goal  of  equal  rights  for 
men  and  women." 

At  the  close  of  each  of  these  addresses  the  whole  company  sprang  to  their 
feet  with  uplifted  glasses  and  cries  of  "Hoch!  Hoch!"  whose  fervor  never 
can  be  understood  till  one  has  heard  them  given  by  an  audience  of  Germans. 
And  then  in  this  great  hall  one  woman  after  another,  lifted  to  a  chair  that 
she  might  be  seen  and  heard — Mrs.  May  Wright  Sewall  responding  for  the 
International  Council — and  noted  German  women  for  their  own  country — 
expressed  their  appreciation  of  the  welcome  extended  by  Germany  to  the 
Congress  and  its  ideas,  and  voiced  their  determination  never  to  cease  their 
efforts  till  all  that  they  stood  for  had  been  attained;  and  apparently  there 
was  not  a  dissenting  opinion  in  all  the  throng  of  listeners. 

What  was  the  feeling  of  the  women  of  the  United  States  as  they  looked 
and  listened  and  reflected  through  all  these  hours?  It  was  this:  Twice  has 
this  International  Council  been  held  in  our  country,  and  during  past  years 
many  other  large  meetings  have  called  there  the  representative  women  of 
the  world.    Never  have  they  received  such  official  recognition  from  any  city 


[1904]         THE   INTERNATIONAL   COUNCIL   IN    BERLIN.  I323 

in  which  their  conventions  have  been  held.  If  this  Congress  should  meet  in 
New  York  or  Chicago  next  year,  neither  Mayor  nor  Aldermen  would  notice 
its  existence.  There  is  not  a  Mayor  or  President  of  the  Council  in  one  of 
our  large  cities  who  would  address  a  great  convention  of  women  and  say: 
"May  all  your  hopes  be  completely  realized,  and  rest  assured  that  we  will 
cheerfully  support  you  till  you  have  attained  your  goal  of  equal  rights."  No; 
in  America,  the  land  of  free  speech,  not  one  of  them  would  dare  to  do  it, 
nor  could  the  most  vivid  fancy  picture  a  City  Council  giving  a  banquet  to  a 
Congress  of  women.  Oh,  no;  for  their  masters  stand  in  the  background 
armed  with  a  more  powerful  authority  than  is  vested  today  in  any  ruler  who 
sits  upon  a  throne. 

And  yet,  when  our  women  return  to  the  United  States,  they  will  be  ex~ 
pected  to  lift  up  their  voices  and  sing  in  joyful  chorus: 

My   native   country,    thee. 
Land  of  the  noble  free, 
Thy  name  I  love. 

A  generation  ago  the  German  Empire  was  bom,  and  it  has  made  greater 
progress  in  the  last  thirty  years  than  in  all  the  centuries  which  preceded,  but 
this  has  been  principally  of  a  military  and  commercial  character.  The  time 
is  now  propitious  for  the  finer  and  more  spiritual  force  of  womanhood  to 
make  itself  felt,  and  some  day  in  the  future  Germany  will  inscribe  another 
date  on  the  monuments  which  record  its  achievements — ^June,  1904 — the  date 
which  marked  the  founding  of  a  new  dynasty  for  the  women  of  the  nation. 

The  International  Congress  is  now  but  a  memory — ^a  recollection  of  warm, 
sunny  days  with  scarcely  a  cloud  in  the  sky ;  of  mornings  filled  with  earnest 
work  and  intellectual  stimulus ;  of  afternoons  in  lovely  gardens,  with  the  tea 
tables  under  the  trees  and  the  groups  of  interesting  men  and  women  gath- 
ered about  them;  of  new  friendships  formed  and  new  thought  absorbed;  of 
fresh  hope  and  courage  inspired  by  the  knowledge  that  throughout  all  coun- 
tries life  is  growing  brighter  for  women  and  they  are  striving  to  make  con- 
ditions better  for  all  mankind. 

Such  beautiful  memories  we  shall  carry  home  across  the  sea!  And  with 
them  will  be  the  remembrance  of  the  splendid  city  of  Berlin,  with  its  miles 
of  magnificent  buildings,  strong,  solid,  enduring— emblematic  of  the  German 
character.  No  city  in  America  can  approach  it  in  beauty,  in  order,  in  cleanli- 
ness. .  .  .  There  is  never  a  suspicion  of  scandal  attached  to  its  municipal 
government,  which  is  looked  upon  as  absolutely  incorruptible. 

And  yet,  and  yet — ^what  is  this  indefinable  chill  which  seems  constantly  to 
envelop  one  and  which  compels  him  to  speak  low  and  walk  circumspectly? 
It  is  the  ever-present  and  all  permeating  military  discipline.  Every  particle 
of  spontaneity  is  trained  out  of  the  children,  and  as  soon  as  the  boys  are 
grown  they  are  put  into  the  army.  The  rigid  obedience  to  authority  there 
instilled  goes  with  them  through  life  and  is  apparent  in  every  calling.  The 
result  is  a  deference  of  each  class  to  the  one  above  it,  and,  alas,  the  inability 
of  any  member  of  it  to  rise  above  the  sphere  in  which  he  was  born.     But 


/ 


1324  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1904J 

when  the  German  goes  to  the  United  States  and  into  its  unattractive  and 
badly  governed  towns  and  cities,  he  finds  there  a  freedom  of  speech,  a  lib- 
erty of  action,  an  opportunity  for  the  individual  development  of  himself  and 
his  children,  worth  far  more  to  him  than  even  the  beauty  and  historic 
associations  of  his  fatherland,  and  he  seldom  wishes  to  leave  the  new  life 
and  go  back  to  the  old.  So,  we  women  of  America,  seeing  clearly  the 
superiority  of  European  cities  in  countless  things  and  realizing  fully  the 
imperfections  of  our  own  Government,  nevertheless  believe  that  it  holds  far 
more  promise  for  us  and  those  we  love  than  any  other.  Thus  believing,  and 
hoping  that  eventually  its  highest  possibilities  may  be  fulfilled,  we  return 
home  with  undiminished  loyalty  and  allegiance. 


The  one  question  of  all  others  which  was  regarded  as  most  dangerous  at 
the  inception  of  the  International  Council  in  1888  was  that  of  woman  suf- 
frage. Although  the  originators  of  the  idea  and  those  who  brought  it  to  its 
full  development  were  all  suffragists,  they  felt  that  **to  have  the  horns  and 
hoofs  appear"  would  hinder  its  success.  Therefore,  the  most  prominent 
refrained  from  taking  the  principal  offices.  There  has  been  no  time,  how- 
ever, when  every  action  has  not  been  directed  by  those  who  believe  in  full 
enfranchisement,  for  this  belief  is  entertained  by  practically  all  who  are 
leaders  of  progressive  movements  among  women. 

It  required  only  time  and  experience  to  show  the  women  of  every  coun- 
try their  helplessness  and  lack  of  direct  influence  without  the  power  of  the 
ballot,  and  of  late  years,  from  the  Councils  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  has 
come  the  demand  that  the  international  body  should  adopt  enfranchisement 
of  women  as  one  of  its  objects,  and  appoint  a  Suffrage  Committee.  The 
president,  therefore,  in  the  last  year,  sent  to  every  Council  this  question  for 
an  official  decision,  and  it  was  almost  unanimously  in  the  affirmative.  As  a 
result,  this  Quinquennial  adopted  the  following  resolution: 

"Under  all  Governments,  whether  nominally  republican  or  monarchical, 
whatever  political  rights  and  privileges  are  accorded  to  men  ought,  on  cor- 
responding conditions,  to  be  accorded  to  women,  .  .  .  and  this  Council 
advocates  that  strenuous  efforts  be  made  to  enable  women  to  obtain  the 
power  of  voting  in  all  countries  where  a  representative  government  exists." 

A  Standing  Committee  on  Woman  Suffrage  was  formed  and  the  Rev.  Anna 
Howard  Shaw  of  the  United  States  was  made  chairman.  This  is  the  largest 
movement  ever  made  toward  woman  suffrage,  for  it  means  that  in  twenty 
countries  this  vast  organization  of  six  or  seven  million  members  is  pledged  to 
throw  its  entire  weight  of  influence  and  effort  in  behalf  of  woman's  full  en- 
franchisement. It  means  such  a  body  of  workers  as  the  world  never  has  seen 
banded  together  for  any  one  object 

In  the  two  weeks'  almost  continuous  sessions  of  the  Council  every  utterance 
in  favor  of  suffrage  has  been  received  with  tumultuous  applause.  The  one 
evening  and  one  day  devoted  exclusively  to  this  subject,  although  coming  at 
the  end  of  a  most  fatiguing  week,  brought  audiences  of  thousands — ^at  least 
nine-tenths  of  them  women — and,  not  satisfied  with  the  many  speeches,  they 


'      [1904]         THE   INTERNATIONAL   COUNCIL   IN    BERLIN.  I325 

demanded  a  general  discussion.  At  the  morning  meeting  the  audience  sat  or 
stood  from  nine  in  the  morning  until  two  in  the  afternoon  without  interim  for 
luncheon  or  rest.  Such  intense  interest,  such  wild  enthusiasm,  never  were 
;  seen  in  the  United  States  outside  of  a  political  rally  in  a  heated  campaign. 
Among  the  speakers  were  several  distinguished  Socialists,  men  and  women, 
who  declared  that  the  enfranchisement  of  women  never  would  come  except 
through  the  Social  Democratic  party.  This  statement  was  wildly  applauded 
by  a  considerable  part  of  the  audience,  but  they  were  overwhelmed  by  the  cries 
of  the  opposition. 

At  last  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt,  of  the  United  States,  was  called  for,  and,  coming 

from  the  audience  to  the  platform,  she  made  a  most  impassioned  plea  that  the 

women  would  not  ally  themselves  with  any  political  party,  and  she  warned 

;       them  that  all.  Conservatives,  Liberals  and  Socialists  alike,  would  sacrifice 

women  without  scruple  whenever  they  could  advance  their  own  interests  by 

doing  so.    She  was  followed  by  Miss  Anthony,  who,  with  all  the  fire  of  twenty 

>     years  ago,  showed  how  this  had  been  done  again  and  again  by  the  political 

\    parties  of  the  United  States — Abolitionists,  Republicans,  Prohibitionists,  Popu- 

\   lists — ^and  she  begged  women  to  put  aside  all  religious  and  party  affiliations 

V^and  stand  together  in  one  united  effort  for  their  own  political  freedom. 

While  the  progressive  women  have  been  gathered  here  from  all  parts  of  the 
earth,  advantage  has  been  taken  of  the  opportunity  to  form  an  International 
Woman  Suffrage  Alliance.  It  has  no  connection  with  the  Council  except  that 
a  number  of  the  same  persons  were  delegates  to  both  organizations.  Like  the 
Council  this  Alliance  had  its  inception  in  the  United  States.  It  was  the  dream 
of  Mrs.  Stanton  and  Miss  Anthony  twenty  years  ago,  and  it  finally  took  defi- 
nite shape  in  a  call  by  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt,  president  of  the  National  American 
Suffrage  Association,  for  delegates  to  meet  in  Washington  in  1902.  A  number 
of  countries  responded  and  an  International  Committee  was  formed,  with 
Miss  Anthony  as  president  and  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt  as  secretary.  Its  members 
have  been  actively  organizing  for  the  past  year  and  ten  countries  were  repre- 
sented at  this  Berlin  convention. 

At  the  opening  meeting  there  was  a  spirited  debate  as  to  whether  the  news- 
paper reporters,  a  large  number  of  whom  were  present,  should  be  permitted  to 
remain  during  the  business  sessions  for  forming  the  Alliance.  After  much 
discussion,  in  which  all  the  American  delegates  advocated  their  staying  and 
most  of  the  others  strenuously  opposed  it.  Miss  Anthony  finally  arose  and 
said:  "My  friends,  what  are  we  here  for?  We  have  come  from  many  coun- 
tries, travelled  thousands  of  miles  to  form  an  organization  for  a  great  interna- 
tional work,  and  do  we  want  to  keep  it  secret  from  the  public?  No;  welcome 
all  reporters  who  want  to  come,  the  more,  the  better.  Let  all  we  say  and  do 
here  be  told  far  and  wide.  Let  the  people  everywhere  know  that  in  Berlin 
women  from  all  parts  of  the  world  have  banded  themselves  together  to  de- 
mand political  freedom.  I  rejoice  in  the  presence  of  these  reporters,  and  in- 
stead of  excluding  them  from  our  meetings,  let  us  help  them  to  all  the  infor- 
mation we  can  and  ask  them  to  give  it  the  widest  possible  publicity."  When 
she  had  finished  the  long  row  of  reporters  clapped  their  hands  and  pounded 


1326  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O4] 

their  tables  until  their  applause  could  have  been  heard  in  the  royal  palace,  and 
it  is  needless  to  say  that  they  remained  through  this  and  all  other  sessions. 

A  strong  Declaration  of  Principles  was  adopted  and  the  United  States,  Great 
Britain,  Germany,  The  Netherlands,  Sweden,  Australia,  Norway  and  Denmark 
joined  in  an  International  Alliance,  whose  object  is  "to  secure  the  enfranchise- 
ment of  women  of  all  nations,  and  to  unite  the  friends  of  woman  suffrage 
throughout  the  world  in  organized  cooperation  and  fraternal  helpfulness." 
Miss  Anthony  was  made  honorary  president ;  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt,  president ; 
Mrs.  Rachel  Foster  Avery,  for  twenty-one  years  corresponding  secretary  of 
the  National  Suffrage  Association  of  the  United  States  took  the  same  office  in 
the  Alliance.  There  was  a  protest  from  this  country  against  accepting  the 
most  important  positions,  but  it  was  the  unanimous  request  of  the  delegates, 
Fraulein  Anita  Augspurg,  the  first  woman  doctor  of  jurisprudence  in  Ger- 
many, and  Mrs.  Millicent  Garrett  Fawcett,  of  England,  at  the  head  of  the 
British  Suffrage  Society,  are  vice  presidents;  Fraulein  Kathe  Schirmacher, 
Ph.  D.,  author  and  linguist,  of  Paris,  and  Miss  Johanna  Naber,^  a  prominent 
suffragist  of  The  Netherlands,  assistant  secretaries;  Miss  Rodger  Cunliffe,  a 
talented  young  writer  of  England,  treasurer.  With  the  adoption  of  woman  suf- 
frage as  a  part  of  the  work  of  the  International  Council  and  the  forming  of  an 
International  Suffrage  Alliance,  the  month  of  June,  1904,  has  witnessed  the 
most  important  action  ever  taken  in  what  has  now  become  a  world  movement 
of  women  to  obtain  political  rights. 

The  statement  would  not  be  exaggerated  that  no  event  ever 
Jgave  Miss  Anthony  such  profound  satisfaction  as  this  one,  in 
I  which  the  women  of  all  the  nations  of  the  earth  pledged  them- 
■  selves  to  take  up  and  to  carry  to  success  the  movement  inaug- 
urated by  herself  and  a  few  of  her  contemporaries  half-a-century 
/  before  in  the  face  of  such  obstacles  as  never  confronted  any  other 
[  undertaking  in  all  history.    She  felt  that  now  she  could  die  con- 
i  tent,  in  full  faith  that  the  powers  which  up  to  the  present  time  had 
prevented  women  from  obtaining  equality  of  rights  must  in- 
evitably yield  to  the  great  force  now  preparing  to  make  this 
struggle  permanent  until  victory  should  be  achieved. 


So  much  has  been  said  that  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  go  further 
into  detail  as  to  the  individual  attentions  and  honors  received 
by  Miss  Anthony  at  this  vast  gathering.  There  was  not  a  day 
that  delegates  from  some  country  did  not  come  to  her  with  flow- 

^Misft  Na!ber  was  obliged  to  resign  within  the  year  and  her  place  was  ably  filled  by 
Miss  Martina  Kramers,  of  Rotterdam,  who  was  also  secretary  of  the  Council. 


[1904]         THE   INTERNATIONAL    COUNCIL   IN    BERLIN.  I327 

ers  and  other  testimonials  of  their  love  and  appreciation,  while 
most  of  the  delegations  when  leaving  sent  her  an  official  letter  of 
farewell  in  the  graceful  fashion  of  foreign  countries.  She  had 
hundreds  of  cards,  letters  and  souvenirs  from  women  and  also 
from  men.  The  invitations  of  a  private  nature  were  far  too  many 
to  be  enumerated.  Pictures  and  sketches  of  her  appeared  in  the 
papers  of  most  of  the  European  capitals  and  the  wide  knowledge 
of  herself  and  her  work  was  a  revelation.  The  many  courtesies 
shown  to  her  and  to  the  other  delegates  by  the  journalists  in 
Berlin  were  most  helpful  and  pleasant.  If  one  dared  discrim- 
inate, the  names  of  William  C.  Dreher,  of  the  Associated  Press ; 
Dr.  Stanley  Shaw,  of  the  Laflfan  Bureau,  New  York,  and  Fred 
W.  Wile,  representing  the  Chicago  Daily  News,  would  especially 
suggest  themselves — the  first  and  last  a  Southerner  and  a  West- 
erner of  the  United  States,  Dr.  Shaw  formerly  of  Trinity  College, 
Dublin. 

The  beautiful  hospitality  of  the  German  women  could  not  be 
adequately  depicted.  Miss  Anthony's  g^ief  and  indignation, 
therefore,  may  be  imagined  when  a  scandal-mongering  newspaper 
quoted  her  as  making  the  severest  criticisms  of  both  German  men 
and  women.  The  moment  she  learned  of  it  she  repudiated  the 
article  emphatically,  declared  it  to  be  absolutely  false  and  said  in 
a  published  statement  that  of  the  German  men  she  knew  but 
little ;  that  the  universal  habit  of  beer-drinking  in  the  public  gar- 
dens was  novel  to  her  but  she  had  not  felt  called  upon  to  make 
any  criticism  of  it.  She  expressed  the  sincerest  regret  that  she 
should  have  been  accused  of  uttering  sentiments  so  foreign  to  her 
real  feelings  and  so  ungrateful  toward  a  nation  that  had  given 
her  so  royal  a  welcome.  The  Congress,  she  said,  was  a  most 
striking  expression  of  the  great  ability  of  German  women,  and 
she  was  much  impressed  by  their  culture  and  intellectual  attain- 
ments. She  was  impressed  also  by  the  prosperous  air  of  the 
country  and  the  well-cared- for  homes  of  the  people.  The  women 
of  the  laboring  class  were  hard  workers,  she  could  see,  but  so 
were  those  of  the  same  class  in  other  countries.  She  closed  by 
asking,  "How  could  I  have  said  those  unkind  things  when  they 


1328  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O4] 

were  not  in  my  heart?"    The  above  are  her  own  words  as  nearly 
as  they  can  be  reproduced  after  two  translations. 

Miss  Anthony  attended  all  the  working  sessions  of  the  Council, 
and  her  printed  program  of  the  business  which  came  before  them 
is  covered  with  pencilled  memoranda  showing  how  closely  she 
kept  watch  of  the  proceedings  and  how  many  matters  she  herself 
proposed  and  discussed.  She  remained  for  several  of  these  meet- 
ings after  the  Congress  adjourned,  but  she  could  not  linger  for 
the  many  social  affairs  suggested  or  accept  the  urgent  invitations 
to  go  to  neighboring  countries,  as  there  were  visits  to  personal 
friends  which  had  first  claim  on  her  time  and  strength.  On  June 
23  she  bade  good-by  to  Berlin  and  thus  ended  one  of  the  happiest 
experiences  of  her  long  and  eventful  life. 


CHAPTER  LXVI. 

VISITING  IN  EUROPE — ^DEATH  OF  COL.  D.  R.  ANTHONY. 

1904. 

JFTER  the  close  of  the  International  Council  of 
Women,  Miss  Anthony  went  with  her  sister  Mary, 
her  niece  Lucy,  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw  and 
Mrs.  Chapman  Catt  for  a  brief  stay  in  Dresden. 
They  visited  the  art  galleries,  went  to  the  opera, 
had  some  pleasant  drives  and  greatly  enjoyed  the  afternoon  teas 
given  for  them  by  Frau  Marie  Stritt  and  the  Baroness  vori  Be- 
schwitz,  president  and  secretary  of  the  German  Council  of  Women. 
Some  most  interesting  days  were  spent  in  medieval  Nuremburg, 
in  Stuttgart  and  in  Heidelberg.  Their  pleasure  in  the  old  uni- 
versity town  was  much  enhanced  by  the  courtesies  of  Fraulein 
Penepakker  and  Fraulein  Etz,  at  the  head  of  a  noted  private 
school  for  girls,  who  took  them  through  the  university,  on  charm- 
ing drives  about  the  old  castle  and  to  many  interesting  places  in 
this  picturesque  locality.  One  afternoon  these  ladies  gave  a 
lovely  "garden  tea,"  and  one  evening  an  entertainment  at  which 
a  number  of  university  professors  and  other  distinguished  people 
were  present.  The  table  was  decorated  with  the  Stars  and  Stripes 
and  the  German  flag  commingled. 

At  Strasburg  the  party  divided,  three  of  them  to  take  the  trip 
down  the  Rhine,  Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Mary  to  go  to  Vev^y, 
Switzerland,  to  visit  Mrs.  Rachel  Foster  Avery,  who  was  residing 
there  temporarily  with  her  two  daughters.  Ten  happy  days  were 
spent  here,  resting,  visiting,  talking  over  the  Berlin  Council  meet- 
ing and  enjoying  the  exquisite  scenery.  At  last  with  loving  fare- 
wells they  departed  for  Geneva.    Three  days  passed  delightfully 

(1329) 


1330  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O4] 

in  the  beautiful  home  of  Madame  Chaponniere-Chaix,  president 
of  the  Swiss  Council  of  Women.^  It  had  a  magnificent  view  of 
lake  and  mountains  and  Miss  Anthony  referred  to  it  in  her  diary 
as  "a  bit  of  Paradise/'  and  said  she  "revelled  in  the  fruits  and 
vegetables."  Their  hostess  went  with  them  to  Geneva,  where 
they  attended  a  meeting  of  the  Women's  Union  (Qub).  Here 
they  met  Mile.  Camille  Vidart,  secretary  of  the  Council,  and  the 
two  ladies  took  them  about  the  handsome  city,  to  the  college,  the 
old  church,  the  town-hall  with  its  wonderful  frescoes  and  historic 
associations,  and  other  noted  places ;  and  finally  saw  them  safely 
aboard  their  train  for  Paris.  Thence  they  went  to  Dieppe,  across 
the  Channel  and  by  train  to  London. 

It  was  a  long  journey  by  land  and  sea  to  be  made  without  a 
break  by  two  ladies  of  eighty-four  and  seventy-seven,  but  they 
reached  London  at  seven  o'clock  the  evening  of  July  12,  safe  and 
sound,  "yet,"  the  diary  said,  "tired  beyond  the  telling."  A  cor- 
dial welcome  awaited  them  from  Mr.  Stanton  Coit,  leader  of  the 
London  Ethical  Society,  and  his  equally  gifted  wife,  whose  guests 
they  were  to  be  while  in  the  city.  In  this  spacious  and  luxurious 
home,  at  30  Hyde  Park  Gate,  they  were  surrounded  by  every 
comfort  and  received  every  possible  attention  from  the  most  de- 
voted of  hosts  and  hostesses.  Miss  Shaw  and  Miss  Lucy  An- 
thony came  in  a  few  days,  Mrs.  Catt  having  joined  her  husband 
in  London.  As  they  could  now  be  with  Miss  Anthony  all  the 
time,  Miss  Mary  felt  that  her  duties  were  ended,  and  in  spite  of 
protests,  she  sailed  for  home  July  16,  on  the  Minnetonka.  At  the 
last  moment  Miss  Anthony  longed  to  go  with  her  but  she  had 
made  engagements  in  England  and  Scotland  which  rendered  this 
impossible. 

A  garden  party  was  given  by  the  Central  or  London  Branch 
of  the  British  Society  for  Women's  Suffrage  in  the  beautiful 
grounds  of  Miss  Holland,  and  several  hundred  guests  accepted 

*Mi88  Anthony  tried  hard  to  persuade  Mrs.  Avery  to  go  with  them,  even  though  she 
had  not  been  invited,  saying,  "Of  course  Madame  Chaponniire  will  be  glad  to  have  you; 
come  right  along;"  and  it  was  impossible  for  her  to  understand  why  she  refused  to  ac- 
company her  on  a  visit  to  the  home  of  one  whom  at  that  time  she  had  never  even  seen. 
Miss  Anthony  always  felt  sure  of  a  welcome  for  all  her  friends  and  relatives  at  any 
place  where  she  herself  was  invited,  and  never  seemed  to  realize  that  in  the  opinion  of 
her  hostess  there  might  be  a  difference  in  her  "eligibility"  and  theirs. 


[1904]    VISITING  IN  EUROPE — ^DEATH  OF  D.  R.  ANTHONY.  I33I 

the  invitation  to  meet  Miss  Anthony.  Brief  addresses  were  made 
by  her,  by  Mrs.  Catt,  Miss  Shaw,  Mrs.  Coit,  Lady  Frances  Bal- 
four, president  of  the  society,  and  Mrs.  Millicent  Garrett  Fawcett, 
president  of  the  national  association.  Many  American  as  well  as 
English  men  and  women  were  present  and  it  was  a  memorable 
occasion.  Mrs.  Fenwick  Miller  gave  a  luncheon  for  Miss  An- 
thony at  the  Lyceum  Club,  and  there  were  several  "teas"  in  her 
honor,  but  most  of  the  persons  who  had  sent  her  pressing  invita- 
tions earlier  in  the  season  were  now  out  of  town,  and  the  many 
clubs  that  had  been  so  desirous  of  entertaining  her  had  adjourned 
for  the  summer.  The  Countess  of  Aberdeen  was  among  her  call- 
ers. She  herself  went  to  call  on  Dr.  Elizabeth  Blackwell  and 
other  pioneers  in  woman's  work. 

The  North-of-England  Suffrage  Society  would  not  forego  the 
opportunity  of  honoring  Miss  Anthony,  and  arranged  a  garden 
party  in  Manchester,  the  secretary  writing  her,  "I  enclose  two 
letters  out  of  the  dozens  I  have  received  from  people  who  are  most 
anxious  to  meet  you."  She  left  London  July  23,  accompanied  by 
Miss  Shaw  and  Miss  Lucy,  and  while  at  Manchester  they  were 
the  guests  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harry  Nuttall  at  their  palatial  country 
seat,  Raynor  Croft,  Bowden.  The  spacious  grounds  of  Mrs. 
Hylands,  Victoria  Park,  had  been  offered  for  the  fete,  which  took 
place  on  the  2Sth.  A  luncheon  was  given  in  the  leading  hotel  for 
the  visitors  and  the  prominent  guests  and  speakers.  Hundreds 
were  present  at  the  garden  party  from  Manchester,  Liverpool, 
Cheshire  and  the  country  roundabout,  members  of  the  aristocracy, 
professional  women  and  representatives  from  a  number  of 
women's  trades  unions.  The  ladies  from  Derbyshire  brought  a 
loving  cup  of  fine  English  china.  Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Shaw 
were  introduced  by  Miss  Mason,  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Hugh 
Mason,  so  long  the  women's  champion  in  Parliament,  and  gave 
short  addresses.  Responses  were  made  by  Alfred  Steinthal, 
M.  P.,  and  Mrs.  E.  C.  Wolstonholme-Elmy,  one  of  the  ablest  of 
the  suffrage  pioneers  in  England. 

After  the  garden  party  the  three  ladies,  with  Mrs.  Elmy,  went 
to  Bolton  for  a  visit  to  Mrs.  John  P.  Thomasson,  whose  husband, 
the  distinguished  member  of  Parliament,  had  recently  died.  "The 


1332  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O4] 

carriage  and  coachman  were  at  the  station/'  Miss  Anthony  wrote 
in  her  diary,  "and  dear  Mrs.  Thomasson  was  at  the  door  with  a 
warm  welcome,  but  not  her  good  life-partner  to  greet  me  as  of 
yore."  After  three  quiet,  peaceful  days,  visiting  and  driving 
about  the  lovely  country,  Miss  Anthony  and  her  little  party  went 
to  Edinburgh.  Dr.  Agnes  McLaren  met  them  at  the  station  and 
they  were  soon  delightfully  ensconced  in  the  large,  airy  rooms  of 
Newington  House,  the  home  of  Mrs.  Priscilla  Bright  McLaren, 
now  in  her  ninetieth  year.  In  letters  to  her  sister  Miss  Anthony 
said: 

After  having  the  nicest  cup  of  tea  we  went  to  our  rooms  and  dressed  for 
dinner.  Then  Mrs.  McLaren  sent  for  us  and  there  she  lay  in  her  dainty  cap 
and  pale  blue  lounging  robe  looking  not  a  day  older  than  she  did  five  years 
ago,  and  just  as  sweet  and  bright  as  she  was  then.  .  .  .  Yesterday  the  Suf- 
frage Society  had  a  tea  and  a  public  meeting  in  a  hall  down  town.  Miss  Shaw 
spoke  eloquently,  and  I  said  a  few  words.  After  it  was  over  we  took  a  long 
drive  around  the  old  city,  and  when  we  returned  there  was  Mrs.  McLaren 
sitting  up  in  her  chair  in  the  drawing  room,  dressed  in  a  soft  lavender  and 
white  brocade,  as  pretty  as  a  peach,  ready  to  hear  all  about  the  meeting.  I 
neglected  to  say  she  had  sent  a  letter  of  greeting  and  they  had  returned  a  mes- 
sage to  her.  Tomorrow,  Sunday,  we  dine  with  the  Misses  Stevenson,  members 
of  the  School  Board— one  of  them  its  president ! 

Sunday  evening:  We  had  a  long  interesting  drive  yesterday  afternoon,  out 
to  Salisbury  Crags  and  Arthur's  Seat  and  Craigmiller  Castle  where  Queen 
Mary  used  to  seclude  herself  for  a  rest.  Many  working  people  were  on  the 
hills  walking  about  and  basking  in  the  sun.  Barefooted  children  by  the  hun- 
dreds were  swarming  over  the  historic  spot  where  Queen  Mary  and  her  fellow 
—I  can't  think  of  his  name— used  to  go  to  find  solitude.   .   .   . 

Tomorrow  we  leave.  I  have  been  into  dear  Mrs.  McLaren's  room  for  an 
hour  and  have  bid  her  good  by.  I  shall  never  see  her  again  on  this  earth— but 
when  and  where  shall  we  meet? 

Friday :  We  left  Edinburgh  at  nine-thirty  Monday  morning  for  Bristol,  via 
Leeds,  booked  for  a  through  car  on  a  through  train,  but  at  Leeds  the  guard 
put  us  out  on  the  platform,  bag  and  baggage,  and  there  we  had  to  stay  till 
four-twenty  in  the  afternoon ;  so  it  was  ten  o'clock  at  night  when  we  reached 
the  home  of  my  dear  old  friends,  the  sisters  of  Mrs,  John  Bright.  The  family 
consists  of  Mrs.  Margaret  Tanner,  aged  eighty-seven,  Miss  Anna  Priestman, 
seventy-five,  and  Miss  Mary,  seventy-three— three  of  the  loveliest  spirits  that 
ever  existed.  Their  man  met  us  and  two  maids  were  awaiting  us  with  hot 
soup,  chocolate  and  other  nice  things.  I  was  tired  as  could  be,  slept  like  a  top 
and  the  morning  came  all  too  soon.  Mary  took  Miss  Shaw  and  Lucy  to  see  old 
churches  and  ruins  the  first  day  but  I  preferred  to  stay  and  visit  with  Margaret 
and  Anna.  The  second  morning  we  had  a  long  drive  over  the  high  bridge  and 
through  the  fine  English  country.    In  the  afternoon  about  fifty  members  of  the 


[1904]    VISITING  IN  EUROPE — DEATH  OF  D.  R.  ANTHONY.  1 333 

Liberal  Federation,  mostly  women,  came  and  presented  me  with  large  bou- 
quets of  lilies  and  sweet  peas  and  made  an  address.  I  responded  and  Miss 
Shaw  talked  beautifully  for  a  few  minutes ;  then  Mrs.  Tanner  slowly  rose  from 
the  sofa  where  she  was  lying  and  spoke  like  an  angel,  her  face  all  aglow  with 
love  and  thankfulness.  She  was  associated  for  years  with  Mrs.  Josephine 
Butler  in  her  great  reform  work. 

We  left  the  dear  sisters  yesterday  and  I  am  writing  this  at  Millfield  in 
Somersetshire,  where  we  are  visiting  a  daughter  of  John  Bright,  Mrs.  Helen 
P.  B.  Clark,  her  husband,  William,  and  their  splendid  family  of  two  sons  and 
four  daughters,  all  useful  citizens.  One  daughter  is  married  and  a  member  of 
the  school  board;  one  is  in  business  with  her  father  and  trustee  of  the  hos- 
pital; one  a  reformer  and  public  speaker,  and  one  studying  medicine.  Our 
delightful  visit  ends  today. 

The  next  three  days  were  spent  at  Esher,  on  the  Thames,  the 
summer  home  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jacob  Bright.  On  Miss  Anthony's 
first  trip  to  England  in  1883  she  had  visited  them,  and  again  in 
1899.  It  was  Mr.  Bright's  bill  in  Parliament  which  had  given 
Municipal  Suffrage  to  women,  and  Mrs.  Bright  had  rendered 
great  service  to  this  cause,  so  Miss  Anthony  felt  closely  connected 
with  them  not  only  by  the  ties  of  friendship  but  by  mutual  in- 
terest in  a  great  work.  Mrs.  Annie  Besant  put  aside  all  engage- 
ments to  accept  Mrs.  Bright's  invitation  to  spend  these  days  at  her 
home  with  Miss  Anthony.  This  amusing  account  was  given  by 
one  who  was  present : 

Miss  Anthony  was  very  desirous  of  enlisting  the  fine  abilities  of  Mrs.  Besant 
in  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage  and  protested  against  her  spending  all  her  time 
and  talents  in  the  study  of  occult  science  when  there  was  so  much  practical 
work  needed  at  the  present  moment,  and  many  were  their  discussions  upon 
this  point.  One  day  after  having  listened  a  long  time  to  Mrs.  Besant  expound- 
ing her  theories,  she  asked,  "When  you  have  been  taking  your  astral  jaunts 
have  you  ever  met  Mr.  Bradlaugh?"  "Oh,  yes,  many  times,"  calmly  answered 
Mrs.  Besant,  "Well,"  said  Miss  Anthony,  "how  did  he  feel  when  he  found 
that  he  was  mistaken  and  there  really  was  another  life  after  this?"  Mrs. 
Besant  replied  that  he  accepted  it  philosophically.  "But  what  is  he  doing 
now  ?"  asked  Miss  Anthony,  for  to  be  alive  and  not  doing  something  was  un- 
thinkable to  her.  "Oh,"  was  the  reply,  "he  is  still  so  bound  to  this  world  by 
political  interests  that  he  has  not  gotten  far  away  from  earthly  occupations." 
"Well,"  said  Miss  Anthony,  "I  don't  know  anything  better  to  engage  his  at- 
tention. I  am  sure  I  should  be  interested  in  every  good  cause  just  as  I  am 
now,  and  I  think  I  could  do  a  great  deal  more  good  by  staying  near  at  hand 
and  helping  those  who  are  trying  to  carry  on  the  reforms  of  this  life  than  I 
could  by  soaring  to  the  stars  and  consorting  with  the  angels." 


1334  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O4] 

A  pressing  invitation  had  been  received  by  Miss  Anthony  from 
Mrs.  Jane  Cobden  Unwin  to  visit  her  husband  (Fisher  Unwin) 
and  herself  at  their  country  home  in  Midhurst,  Sussex,  "the  land 
of  Cobden,"  and  she  had  asked  also  if  she  might  arrange  for 
Miss  Shaw  to  speak  in  the  Congregational  Church.  They  went 
to  her  at  once  on  reaching  London  and  remained  three  days  but 
unfortunately  could  not  stay  over  Sunday,  as  they  sailed  on 
Saturday. 

A  few  brief  extracts  from  the  letters  received  by  Miss  Anthony 
immediately  after  this  round  of  visits  will  illustrate  the  almost 
invariable  effect  of  her  presence.  From  Mrs,  Coit :  "The  privi- 
lege of  knowing  you  intimately  is  a  help  for  the  rest  of  one's 
life."  From  Mrs.  Nuttall :  "It  was  most  delightful  to  my  hus- 
band and  myself  to  have  with  us  such  large-hearted  and  broad- 
minded  people.  I  trust  most  earnestly  you  will  live  many  years 
and  see  great  fruits  of  your  work."  From  Mrs.  Thomasson: 
"Wherever  you  are  I  know  you  are  doing  something  for  women. 
Here  I  felt  every  moment  that  I  was  learning  from  you.  You 
have  done  a  wonderful  work  for  all  women  and  I  want  to  thank 
you  for  it  and  for  your  visit  to  me."  From  Miss  Tessie  C. 
Methuen,  Secretary  Edinburgh  Suffrage  Society :  "I  thank  you 
for  your  visit  in  the  name  of  our  committee.  You  have  done  us 
all  a  great  deal  of  good ;  many  say  they  received  a  fresh  inspira- 
tion for  the  work,  and  we  are  thankful  to  have  had  you.  We  are 
glad  you  said  that  women  are  wanting  in  self-respect  on  this 
question — it  is  true — ^and  we  feel  that  many  through  your  noble 
advice  and  example  will  find  courage  and  dignity."  From  Miss 
Mary  Priestman:  "Your  little  visit  was  an  ever-to-be-remem- 
bered pleasure  to  us.  England  will  seem  poorer  when  you  have 
left  it."  From  Mrs.  Helen  Bright  Clark :  "I  want  to  tell  you 
how  truly  grateful  I  am — ^and  all  the  family  share  my  feelings — 
for  the  great  and  stimulating  pleasure  of  your  visit.  My  dear 
aunts  feel  alike  with  me  that  we  could  almost  weep  to  think  of  the 
world  of  waters  that  are  so  soon  to  separate  us."  These  senti- 
ments will  meet  a  response  from  all  whom  Miss  Anthony  visited 
in  any  country ;  her  presence  was  an  inspiration  to  high  thought, 
an  incentive  to  earnest  work ;  small  things  shrank  out  of  sight 


[1904]     VISITING  IN  EUROPE DEATH  OF  D.  R.  ANTHONY.  I335 

and  only  those  worth  while  remained ;  the  memory  of  her  pres- 
ence was  more  than  a  benediction — it  seemed  rather  a  perpetual 
call  to  arise,  put.  aside  ease  and  indifference  and  go  forth  to  the 
duties  of  life. 
f.     The  three  ladies  embarked  on  the  Atlantic  Transport  Minne- 
ll  tonka  August  13.    Unfortunately  a  few  days  before  sailing  Miss 
•  Anthony  received  a  letter  from  her  sister  announcing  the  serious 
illness  of  her  brother,  Col.  D.  R.  Anthony,  pf  Leavenworth,  Kas. 
/Although  she  had  word  as  she  boarded  the  ship  that  he  was  better 
and  able  to  ride  out,  she  understood  his  precarious  condition,  and 
'  the  anxiety  of  the  long  ten  days  without  news  deprived  her  of  the 
,   pleasure  she  usually  experienced  from  a  sea  voyage.    She  bore  it 
f    bravely,  however,  and  contributed  as  far  as  possible  to  the  enjoy- 
i    ment  of  others,  even  yielding  to  the  entreaties  that  she  would  give 
'    a  little  talk  at  the  Sunday  evening  entertainment.    A  great  lord 
was  on  board  who  was  coming  to  the  United  States  to  represent 
King  Edward  at  some  function  and  he  was  invited  to  preside 
while  Miss  Anthony  was  given  the  seat  of  honor  between  him 
and  the  Captain.     In  response  to  his  elaborate  introduction  she 
arose  and  after  a  moment's  thought  said :    "I  suppose  you  wish 
me  to  tell  you  why  I  want  to  vote.    Well,*'  turning  to  his  lord- 
ship and  laying  her  hand  on  his  shoulder,  "I  want  to  vote  for  the 
same  reason  that  this  fellow  does,  and,'*  putting  her  hand  on  the 
Captain's  shoulder,  "for  the  same  reason  that  this  fellow  does !" 
His  lordship  fairly  gasped,  his  eyeglass  fell  out  and  his  eyes 
\  almost  did  the  same ;  the  Captain,  who  doubtless  had  never  cast  a 
\  vote  in  his  life,  turned  several  shades  redder ;  the  audience  was 
\convulsed,  but  Miss  Anthony  calmly  proceeded  with  her  argu- 
ment entirely  unconscious  of  the  commotion  she  had  caused. 

The  ship  sailed  into  New  York  harbor  August  22,  and  Miss 

/Anthony  was  met  by  a  message  saying  her  brother's  condition 

,*  was  favorable,  which  she  answered  at  once  with  a  telegpram  of 

affectionate  greeting.    The  inspector  of  customs  seeing  her  name 

on  her  trunks,  hastened  to  extend  the  courtesy  of  the  port  and 

passed  them  without  examination. 

The  next  morning  at  eight-thirty  Miss  Anthony  took  the  Em- 
pire State  Express  and  even  its  speed  seemed  insufficient  so  great 
Ant.  Ill— is 


1336  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O4] 

was  her  desire  to  reach  home.  Miss  Mary  very  wisely  had  re- 
frained from  mentioning  to  any  one  the  time  of  her  coming  and 
so  there  was  no  crowd  at  the  station  when  she  arrived  at  three- 
thirty,  but  the  reporters  were  waiting  on  the  steps  of  her  resi- 
dence !  Friends  called  in  the  evening  and  her  happiness  at  getting 
home  never  before  was  so  intense.  She  was  buoyed  up  by  excite- 
ment and  her  animation  indicated  health  and  strength,  but  by  the 
next  morning  the  reaction  came  and  for  several  weeks  she  was 
under  the  care  of  a  physician,  prostrated  simply  by  exhaustion. 

The  newspapers  in  all  parts  of  the  country  had  words  of  greet- 
ing for  Miss  Anthony,  of  admiration  for  her  courage  in  making 
the  journey,  of  pleasure  that  she  had  safely  returned.  The  Dem- 
ocrat and  Chronicle  of  her  own  city  said :  "The  people  of  Roch- 
ester cordially  welcome  their  distinguished  townswoman,  Susan 
B.  Anthony,  on  her  return  from  a  journey  to  Europe  extending 
over  a  period  of  nearly  four  months.  Miss  Anthony  though  an 
octogenarian  is  still  vigorous  in  spirit  and  in  labors.  Her  trip 
abroad  was  not  a  mere  vacation  saunter  but  a  strenuous  expedi- 
tion in  behalf  of  the  cause  to  which  she  has  devoted  the  energies 
of  her  long  and  useful  life.  There  are  women  suffragists  and 
anti-women  suffragists,  but  all  Rochester  people,  irrespective  of 
opinion,  creed,  race  or  previous  or  present  condition  of  servitude, 
are  Anthony  men  and  women.  We  admire  and  esteem  one  so 
single-minded,  earnest  and  unselfish,  who,  with  eighty- four  years 
to  her  credit,  is  still  too  busy  and  useful  to  think  about  growing 
old." 

Miss  Anthony's  wonderful  recuperative  powers  came  to  her 
!  assistance  and  towards  the  last  of  September  she  was  able  to  take 
\  up  again  her  daily  round  of  work,  far  less  than  it  used  to  be  but 
•still  exacting  enough  to  prevent  ennui  and  discontent.  Her  cor- 
respondence alone  consumed  a  considerable  part  of  every  day, 
though  now  she  seldom  wrote  any  letters  by  hand.  Her  brother 
was  very  desirous  that  the  sisters  should  come  to  Leavenworth 
and  make  him  a  long  visit.  "It  is  easier  for  you  two  to  come 
West  than  it  would  be  for  a  dozen  of  us  to  go  East,  and  there  are 
about  that  many  who  want  a  visit  with  you,"  he  wrote.  "There 
are  only  two  of  us  in  this  big  house  and  we  have  five  good  sleep- 


[1904]     VISITING  IN  EUROPE ^DEATH  OF  D.  R.  ANTHONY.  I337 

ing  rooms,  so  you  won't  be  crowded.  I  think  if  you  come  pre- 
pared to  stay  a  month  or  two  you  will  make  no  mistake  and  we 
will  all  enjoy  your  visit."  Their  longing  was  as  strong  as  his 
own  and  so  on  September  23  they  closed  the  house  and  started 
westward.  The  first  stop  was  in  Cleveland,  as  Miss  Anthony  had 
been  invited  to  spend  Saturday  and  Sunday  with  her  friend  of 
many  years,  Mrs.  Louisa  Southworth,  and  this  proved  to  be  their 
last  visit,  as  Mrs.  Southworth  died  the  next  year. 

The  meeting  of  the  Business  Committee  of  the  National  Amer- 
ican Suffrage  Association  was  to  be  held  in  Warren,  Ohio,  where 
the  headquarters  were  now  situated  in  charge  of  Mrs.  Harriet 
Taylor  Upton,  the  national  treasurer,  and  Miss  Anthony  and  her 
sister  went  there  on  Monday.  They  were  the  guests  of  Mrs.  Up- 
ton, who  gave  a  large  reception  for  them.  Advantage  was  taken 
of  the  presence  of  so  many  eminent  women  to  hold  a  public  meet- 
ing in  the  opera  house,  which  was  crowded  to  its  capacity,  and 
Miss  Anthony  was  received  with  a  cordiality  which  would  have 
flattered  her  had  she  been  in  the  least  susceptible  to  flattery. 
There  were  five  days  of  the  business  meetings  which  she  always 
so  much  enjoyed,  and  then  she  and  Miss  Mary  went  to  Chicago  to 
the  annual  convention  of  the  Illinois  Suffrage  Association.  Miss 
Anthony  attended  and  addressed  the  convention  and  went  also  to 
a  meeting  of  the  Jewish  Women's  Council,  where  she  spoke  to  an 
immense  audience. 

The  two  sisters  reached  Leavenworth  on  October  4  and  their 
brother  himself  met  them  at  the  station  with  a  warm  welcome. 
The  second  day  afterwards  the  three  went  to  Lawrence  to  the 
celebration  of  its  fiftieth  anniversary,  in  which  Colonel  Anthony 
was  to  have  participated,  but  he  was  not  able  to  go  to  the  plat- 
form, and  this  was  the  last  time  he  left  the  house  during  their 
stay.  They  dined  with  the  nephew  D.  R.  Jr.  and  his  wife;  the 
niece  Maude  and  her  husband,  Capt.  Lewis  Koehler,  at  Fort 
Leavenworth,  and  with  various  friends.  After  a  ten  days*  visit 
they  felt  that  even  this  small  excitement  increased  the  weakness 
of  their  brother,  and,  as  Miss  Anthony  herself  was  far  from 
well,  they  decided  it  would  be  best  to  return  home.  The  parting 
was  very  hard  for  all  of  them,  and  the  entry  in  the  diary  for  that 


1338  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1904] 

day  said,  "Dear  brother  Dan  seems  destined  to  go,  but  I  hope 
against  hope  that  he  may  recover.'*  They  arrived  Sunday  morn- 
ing and  in  the  journal  that  night  was  written :  "It  seems  so  good 
to  be  at  home.  I  looked  over  the  more  than  a  hundred  letters  that 
awaited  me  and  then  tried  to  sleep  awhile  but  I  keep  up  a  think- 
ing about  brother  D.  R.  all  the  time.  Shall  I  ever  see  him  alive 
I  again?" 

I  Miss  Anthony*s  return  enabled  her  to  comply  with  the  urgent 
\requests  to  attend  the  New  York  State  Suffrage  Convention, 
which  met  in  Auburn.  There  was  the  greatest  desire  in  all  the 
States  to  have  her  at  their  conventions,  as  her  presence  always  in- 
sured large  audiences  and  resulted  in  many  new  adherents  to  the 
cause.  When  she  reached  the  home  of  Mrs.  Eliza  Wright  Os- 
borne, accompanied  by  her  sister  and  Mrs.  Mary  T.  Lewis  Gan- 
nett, she  was  rejoiced  to  find  there  Miss  Shaw,  Mrs.  Wm.  Lloyd 
Garrison  and  her  daughter  Agnes,  Miss  Emily  Rowland,  Miss 
Harriet  May  Mills,  Miss  Lucy  E.  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Nicolas 
Shaw  Eraser.  In  the  evening  Mrs.  Osborne  gave  a  reception  for 
her  guests  attended  by  several  hundred  of  the  representative 
people.  One  day  the  delegates  were  invited  to  visit  the  historic 
home  and  grounds  of  Wm.  H.  Seward.  The  newspaper  report  of 
the  convention  said :  "Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  grand  old  woman 
of  the  suffrage  cause,  was  called  on  to  describe  the  recent  meeting 
of  the  International  Council  of  Women  in  Berlin,  which  she  did 
in  a  broad  and  comprehensive  way,  with  many  humorous  points." 
The  prize  for  the  club  making  the  largest  percentage  of  increase 
in  membership — ^The  History  of  Woman  Suffrage — ^went  to 
Nunda,  and  the  presentation  was  made  by  Miss  Anthony.  Taking 
up  the  four  volumes,  one  by  one,  she  gave  from  memory  a  com- 
plete summary  of  their  contents,  told  of  speaking  in  Nunda  with 
Frances  Dana  Gage  in  1857,  and  related  some  interesting  reminis- 
cences of  her  experiences  in  Auburn  during  the  very  first  days  of 
the  woman's  rights  movement  half-a-century  ago. 

The  autumn  weeks  were  filled  with  anxiety  as  the  brother  was 
evidently  nearing  the  end.  A  ray  of  brightness  came  with  a  little 
visit  from  Helen  Stanton,  of  Paris,  granddaughter  of  Elizabeth 
Cady,  and  daughter  of  Theodore  Stanton,  who  brought  her  to 


[1904]    VISITING  IN  EUROPE — ^DEATH  OF  D.  R.  ANTHONY.  1 339 

Rochester  in  order  that  she  might  know  and  remember  Miss 
/Anthony.  On  November  12  the  long-dreaded  telegram  came — 
ithe  beloved  brother  had  died  just  after  midnight.  Those  who 
•cherished  Miss  Anthony  had  hoped  that  she  could  be  spared  this 
blow,  that  her  brother  might  outlive  her,  for  he  was  so  large  a 
factor  in  her  life.  Since  the  death  of  her  sister  Hannah  many 
years  before  he  had  been  next  to  her  in  age ;  he  was  much  more 
like  her  than  was  any  other  member  of  the  family  and  their 
similarity  of  characteristics  had  long  been  a  matter  of  public 
comment.  She  had  the  most  profound  admiration  for  his  com- 
manding intellect,  his  business  ability,  his  courage,  aggressive- 
ness and  determination,  and  a  strong  pride  in  his  achievements 
and  the  place  he  had  made  for  himself  in  the  history  of  his 
adopted  State.  But  far  deeper  than  this  was  her  love  for  him 
because  of  his  long  years  of  devotion  to  her ;  he  never  lost  sight 
of  her  interests;  her  birthdays  were  always  remembered  with 
liberal  presents ;  railroad  transportation  was  sent  her  times  with- 
out number;  a  newspaper  report  that  she  was  not  well  brought 
immediately  a  telegram  of  inquiry ;  he  was  never  too  hurried  on 
his  eastern  trips  to  stop  off  for  a  visit  with  the  sisters.  She  felt 
that  always  and  under  all  circumstances  she  could  depend  on  him 
for  whatever  she  needed,  and  now  it  seemed  as  if  a  great  stay  and 
support  had  been  taken  away  just  when  she  wanted  it  most. 

The  two  bereft  and  lonely  women  left  by  the  earliest  train  for 
Leavenworth  and  arrived  a  few  hours  before  the  services.  "The 
funeral  took  place  from  the  home  on  North  Esplanade  and  was 
attended  by  prominent  men  from  all  parts  of  the  State.  The 
casket  was  draped  in  the  Stars  and  Stripes  and  the  room  where  it 
lay  was  filled  with  floral  offerings.  Many  colored  people  came  to 
take  a  last  look  at  the  face  of  him  who  had  ever  been  their  friend. 
As  the  funeral  cortege  passed  through  the  streets  the  bell  on  the 
city  hall  tolled  for  one  who  had  thrice  been  mayor  of  Leaven- 
worth. When  it  passed  the  Soldiers'  Home  hundreds  of  veterans 
of  the  Civil  War  lined  up  along  the  roadway  with  bared  grey 
heads,  and  then  marched  over  into  Mt.  Muncie  cemetery  and 
there  listened  to  the  services  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic 


1340  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O4] 

as  their  departed  comrade  was  laid  to  rest  among  the  ancient  oaks 
of  the  burial  ground/' 

Col.  D.  R.  Anthony  had  been  mayor,  postmaster,  member  of 
the  Legislature  and  of  various  commissions;  a  member  of  the 
advisory  board  of  the  Associated  Press,  a  Government  director 
of  the  Union  Pacific  R.  R.  and  the  editor  and  owner  of  the  Leav- 
enworth Times  for  over  forty  years.  He  was  a  national  character 
because  of  his  leadership  of  the  Free  State  party  before  the  Civil 
War ;  because  of  his  conspicuous  services  during  that  conflict,  and 
because  of  his  large  part  in  Kansas  politics  for  half-a-century. 
Newspapers  throughout  the  country  contained  editorials  on  his 
death.  The  Chicago  Inter  Ocean  summed  up  his  characteristics 
by  saying :  "He  was  too  radical  to  suit  the  majority,  as  a  rule, 
and  yet  the  majority  were  always  yearning  to  honor  him ;  foes 
and  friends  alike  respected  him ;  for  there  was  no  questioning  his 
personal  honesty  or  his  personal  bravery."  And  the  Denver 
Times  said :  "He  was  loved ;  he  was  hated ;  but  the  entire  State 
of  Kansas  will  bow  the  head  at  the  bier  of  the  last  of  the  sort  of 
men  who  made  it  free.  Scholars  and  priests,  reformers  and 
statesmen,  sages  and  philosophers — for  once  stand  aside  while 
we  revere  the  type  of  American  of  whom  Anthony  is  the  last !" 

The  two  sisters  remained  but  a  week  in  Leavenworth,  and  in 
Miss  Anthony's  journal  she  wrote :  "Nephew  D.  R.  went  to  the 
station  with  us,  he  must  now  take  his  father's  place  in  all  things. 
To  his  duties  as  mayor  he  must  add  the  management  of  the  paper, 
the  care  of  the  farms,  all  the  business — 2l  pretty  heavy  load  for  a 
young  man  of  thirty-four,  but  he  is  equal  to  it."  They  reached 
home  Tuesday  evening,  November  22,  and  the  next  morning  the 
ever-thoughtful  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gannett  sent  an  invitation  to  have 
Thanksgiving  dinner  with  them,  so  that  day  was  relieved  of  much 
of  its  sadness. 

On  his  eightieth  birthday,  August  22,  their  brother  D.  R.  had 
written  his  sisters  asking  if  they  had  any  suggestions  to  make  re- 
garding his  will,  and  those  they  sent  were  so  characteristic  that 
the  temptation  to  quote  them  is  strong.  First  they  wanted  him  to 
leave  to  his  wife  a  very  considerable  sum  beyond  all  that  he  had 
intended,  to  replace  some  of  her  own  money  which  she  had  put 


[1904]     VISITING  IN  EUROPE — DEATH  OF  D.  R.  ANTHONY.  I34I 

into  his  business  years  ago ;  then  $5,000  to  the  National  Suffrage 
Association;  a  large  amount  to  benefit  in  some  way  the  city  of 
Leavenworth;  something  to  his  faithful  housekeeper;  an  addi- 
tional fund  to  maintain  the  cemetery  lot  in  Rochester — for  them- 
selves nothing.  He  did  not  forget  them,  however,  as  the  will 
provided  for  a  payment  of  $1,200  a  year  as  long  as  they  lived 

.and  set  aside  $2,000  to  be  applied  on  a  memorial  for  Miss  An- 

jthony  after  her  death. 

The  second  day  of  December  was  the  one-hundred-and- 
eleventh  birthday  of  Miss  Anthony's  mother  and  she  commem- 
orated it  by  inviting  twelve  ladies  to  dinner,  all  but  Mrs.  Gannett 
I  over  sixty;  Mrs.  Lewia  C.  Smith,  ninety-three;  Mrs.  Sarah  L. 
, Willis,  eighty-seven;  Mrs.  Mary  L.  Hallowell,  eighty-three;  Mrs. 
Maria  Wilder  Depuy,  seventy-four;  Mrs.  Sarah  C.  Blackall, 
seventy-one;  several  of  the  others  past  seventy — such  beautiful 
old  ladies,  old  only  in  years,  young  in  spirit  and  thought,  living  in 
the  present,  progressive  in  ideas,  staunch  believers  in  equality  of 
rights  for  women — Miss  Anthony's  dearest,  truest  friends. 

Miss  Anthony  was  a  devout  believer  in  the  gospel  of  work ;  it 
was  her  panacea  for  physical,  mental  and  spiritual  ills,  her  refuge 
in  time  of  trouble  or  sorrow,  and  now,  so  far  as  her  strength 
permitted,  she  occupied  every  waking  moment.  In  a  letter  to  the 
Countess  of  Aberdeen,  acknowledging  a  Christmas  remembrance, 
she  told  her  that  she  was  hoping  to  go  to  the  National  Suffrage 
Convention  in  Portland,  Ore.,  and  then  down  to  help  the  women 
of  California;  described  the  avalanche  of  letters  which  she  and 
the  other  members  of  the  National  Suffrage  Board  were  heaping 
upon  the  committee  which  was  considering  Statehood  for  Okla- 
homa, and  concluded :  "Now  I  am  going  to  drop  another  bomb, 
as  a  bill  is  before  Congress  to  reduce  the  representation  in  the 
South  according  to  the  Fourteenth  Amendment,  and  we  will  ask 
that  this  bill  shall  base  the  representation  in  every  State  upon  the 
actual  number  of  voters.  It  is  a  shame  that  such  things  are  neces- 
sary in  a  country  where  every  utterance  of  every  Constitution, 
National  and  State,  distinctly  guarantees  freedom  and  equality 
of  rights  for  all!" 


CHAPTER  LXVII. 
MISS  Anthony's  opinions — ex-president  Cleveland. 

1905- 


fN  New  Year's  Day  of  1905  Miss  Anthony  took 
dinner  with  Mrs.  Charlotte  Wilbur  Griffing,  who 
had  attended  the  first  Woman's  Rights  Conven- 
tion in  1848,  when  it  adjourned  its  meeting  to  Roch- 
ester. Her  sister  Mary,  who  also  had  been  present  on 
that  historic  occasion,  and  several  old  friends  were  there,  and  in 
the  late  afternoon  they  called  on  Col.  and  Mrs.  H.  S.  Greenleaf, 
other  cherished  friends  of  many  years.  The  day  was  a  pleasant 
one  but  it  had  a  sad  ending,  for  it  brought  the  news  that  the  much 
loved  cousin,  Mrs.  Semantha  V.  Lapham,  was  very  ill  with  pneu- 
monia and  could  not  recover.  She  died  a  few  days  later  and  to 
add  to  Miss  Anthony's  grief  a  severe  blizzard  made  it  impossible 
for  her  to  go  to  that  home  in  New  York  whose  fine  hospitality  she 
had  enjoyed  for  so  many  years. 

Although  confined  very  closely  to  the  house  during  the  winter 
months  Miss  Anthony  was  busy  every  moment  with  her  stenog- 
rapher and  with  the  distribution  of  the  History  of  Woman  Suf- 
frage which  she  did  not  allow  to  lag.  She  had  no  stronger  desire 
than  to  have  this  record  placed  within  reach  of  every  community 
and  she  felt  that  no  one  would  ever  take  so  vital  an  interest  in  it 
as  herself.  One  entry  in  the  diary  said :  "Enjoying  a  bright  wood 
fire  from  the  old  cherry  tree  which  stood  so  many  years  in  the 
back  yard.  Mary  cut  it  down  last  summer  while  I  was  in  Europe 
— well,  it  was  time  it  came  down  perhaps.  No  more  cherries — 
but  It  does  make  a  nice,  cheerful  fire."  Miss  Anthony  managed 
always  to  attend  the  meetings  of  the  Local  Council  of  Women 

(1342) 


[1905]  MISS  Anthony's  opinions.  1343 

which  she  had  helped  organize  and  in  which  she  took  an  active 
interest,  although  it  by  no  means  came  up  to  her  ideal  of  what  its 
efficiency  and  power  ought  to  be.  She  was  continually  spurring 
on  the  members  to  public  work  of  every  nature,  and  the  Rochester 
Post-Express  said  editorially  of  her  remarks  at  the  January 
meeting  : 

Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  her  own  noble  self— a  chronic  condition  with 
her— when  she  made  an  earnest  and  pathetic  plea  for  greater  interest  on  the 
part  of  good  women  in  this  city  in  the  welfare  of  unfortunate  young  women, 
some  of  them  strangers,  who,  for  one  reason  or  another,  are  brought  before 
the  police  court  She  thought  the  Local  Council  of  Women  should  have  a 
committee  whose  business  it  should  be  to  inquire  into  the  merits  of  special 
cases.  She  cited  as  examples  several  that  she  had  been  personally  acquainted 
with  of  late.  .  .  .  This  is  a  legitimate  channel  for  the  exercise  of  womanly 
sympathy  and  activity.  It  is  suggestive  of  the  old-fashioned  usefulness  com- 
mended in  the  words  of  the  great  teacher  when  he  said,  "Sick  and  in  prison 
and  ye  visited  me/'  That  is  what  Miss  Anthony,  with  all  her  manifold  activi- 
ties, has  done;  and  if  she  can  find  time  for  helpfulness  in  individual  cases 
surely  it  is  within  the  power  of  any  society  or  club  woman  to  follow  her  gra- 
cious example. 

On  every  hand  Miss  Anthony  saw  work  for  women  and  she 
lost  no  opportunity  to  rouse  their  consciences.  She  recognized 
the  value  of  the  social  side  to  all  organized  effort,  and  gladly  left 
her  own  pressing  duties  to  assist  at  the  reception  given  by  the 
Council  president,  Mrs.  W.  W.  Armstrong,  to  its  thirty  affiliated 
societies.  Another  day  she  enjoyed  a  luncheon  given  by  Mrs. 
William  Eastwood  to  the  committee  which  had  worked  so  val- 
iantly to  raise  the  fund  for  the  admission  of  women  to  Rochester 
University.  That  afternoon  she  addressed  the  Mothers'  Club  of 
one  of  the  Public  Schools.  No  matter  what  the  nature  of  the 
meeting  she  never  failed  to  impress  upon  women  that  whatever 
work  they  undertook  they  could  do  more  efficiently  if  they  had 
that  power  which  lay  in  the  ballot — ^that  public  conditions  in  all 
cities  were  such  as  to  neutralize  largely  the  best  efforts  of  women 
within  and  without  the  home. 

Invitations  to  address  large  bodies  of  men  and  of  women  came 
to  Miss  Anthony  from  all  parts  of  the  country  and  nothing  would 
have  afforded  her  so  much  joy,  but  to  all  she  felt  obliged  to  send 
the  answer,  "I  am  done  with  making  speeches  for  any  purpose 


1344  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOS] 

whatsoever."  Then  she  always  added,  "But  I  have  some  young 
lieutenants  who  are  fully  capable  of  filling  any  sort  of  a  bill,"  and 
gave  names  and  eulogies  of  Miss  Shaw  or  Mrs.  Catt  or  other 
suffrage  speakers.  This  year  Miss  Anthony  directed  her  sten- 
ographer not  to  make  copies  of  her  letters,  and  thus  most  of  her 
latest  correspondence  is  forever  lost  to  the  public,  only  a  few 
letters  having  been  preserved.  She  was  always  trying  to  help 
somebody  and  one  letter  was  found  written  to  Governor  Higgins, 
of  New  York,  in  the  interest  of  Mrs.  Florence  Kelley,  who  was 
being  urged  for  State  Factory  Inspector  and  was  admirably 
qualified.  In  this  she  said:  "You  know,  of  course,  the  great 
reputation  of  Mrs.  Kelley's  father,  the  Hon.  Wm.  D.  Kelley,  who 
represented  Pennsylvania  so  many  years  in  Congress;  she  par- 
takes very  largely  of  his  qualities ;  you  remember  the  saying  that 
now  and  then  there  is  a  man's  head  on  a  woman's  shoulders.  I 
don't  see  why  it  should  be  expressed  this  way,  for  a  woman  is 
just  as  likely  as  a  man  to  have  a  level  head  for  business  if  she  can 
get  a  chance  at  it,  and  I  want  you  to  give  Mrs.  Kelley  an  oppor- 
tunity to  prove  this.  The  salary  will  attract  many  male  candi- 
dates but  I  beg  that  you  will  show  a  non-partisan  spirit  by  giving 
the  office  to  a  non-voter."  Although  Governor  Higgins  was  fa- 
vorable to  woman  suffrage  a  man  received  the  appointment. 

A  society  in  California  wrote  urging  Miss  Anthony  to  advise 
the  women  to  work  for  high  license  instead  of  prohibition  of  the 
liquor  traffic  and  she  answered : 

My  own  city  of  less  than  200,000  inhabitants  licenses  700  saloons.  Nearly 
all  the  children  of  the  city  on  their  way  to  school  have  to  pass  one  or  more  of 
these  saloons.  The  men  going  to  their  daily  work  have  this  temptation  on 
every  hand  to  spend  the  money  which  should  go  to  the  support  of  the  children. 
So  here  are  at  least  two  classes  that  are  much  harmed.  We  hear  a  great  deal 
about  interfering  with  the  liberty  of  men,  but  have  they  a  right  to  spend  on 
liquor  the  money  that  is  needed  to  provide  the  necessaries  of  life  for  their 
families?  And  should  we  license  a  place  which  provides  the  means  and  the 
inducement  for  them  to  do  this?  I  cannot  favor  anything  but  the  absolute 
closing  of  the  saloons,  and  also  their  annexes,  the  gambling  houses  and  the 
brothels.  I  do  not  think  that  the  abolishing  of  these  institutions  would  imme- 
diately eliminate  all  evils,  but  I  do  hold  that  it  would  be  of  vast  benefit  to  the 
community  in  every  respect 

Women  in  business  frequently  said  to  Miss  Anthony  that  they 


[1905]  MISS  Anthony's  opinions.  1345 

had  the  highest  admiration  for  her  but  they  had  a  feeling  of  in- 
difference in  regard  to  the  suffrage.  To  a  young  newspaper 
woman  who  wrote  in  this  strain  she  replied : 

I  want  to  talk  to  you  about  being  indifferent  to  woman's  enfranchisement — 
you  who  occupy  a  place  made  possible  by  the  agitation  of  the  question  of  equal 
rights  for  women,  and  which  would  seem  of  all  places  one  that  would  educate 
a  woman  into  a  knowledge  of  how  she  got  it.  Do  you  mean  to  say  you  are 
totally  indifferent  as  to  whether  the  Raines  Liquor  Law,  for  instance,  is  en- 
forced or  repealed  ?  That  you  are  indifferent  to  the  arrest  of  the  nine  women 
found  in  a  saloon  of  doubtful  reputation,  while  all  the  men  with  them  were 
allowed  to  go  scot  free,  as  reported  in  this  morning's  paper?  Are  you  per- 
fectly satisfied  with  that  injustice?  Do  you  not  see  that  so  long  as  women  are 
the  disfranchised  class  they  will  suffer  the  whole  penalty  of  that  crime  against 
society,  while  their  partners  in  it  are  left  at  large  to  bring  another  grist  to  the 
mill  ?  Have  you  no  resentment  at  the  thousand  discriminations  against  women 
because  they  have  no  voice  in  making  and  administering  the  laws  ?  When  you 
analyze  your  feelings  surely  you  will  find  that  you  are  mistaken  about  being 
"indifferent". 

President  Roosevelt  made  a  great  speech  before  the  Republican 
Club  of  New  York  on  Lincoln's  birthday  which  he  devoted 
principally  to  the  race  question,  the  key  note  being  that  the  negro 
should  be  treated  with  regard  to  his  merits  and  not  his  color.  It 
was  a  strong  plea  for  equality  of  rights,  for  justice  alike  to  all 
citizens,  and  Miss  Anthony  could  not  let  the  occasion  pass,  so  she 
wrote  to  the  President : 

In  your  Inaugural  Address  I  beg  of  you  to  speak  of  Woman  as  you  do  of 
the  Negro^speak  of  her  as  a  human  being,  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
as  a  half  of  the  people  in  whose  hands  lies  the  destiny  of  this  Nation.  Woman 
is  entitled  to  that  share  in  the  political  life  of  the  country  which  is  warranted 
by  her  individual  ability  and  integrity  and  the  position  she  has  won  for  her- 
self, just  as  the  negro  is.  I  could  not  have  such  confident  faith  as  you  have 
in  the  destiny  of  this  mighty  people  if  I  had  it  in  but  one-half  of  them.  For 
weal  or  for  woe  we  are  knit  together  and  we  shall  go  up  or  down  together, 
and  I  believe  that  we  shall  go  up  and  not  down,  that  we  shall  go  forward  in- 
stead of  halting  and  falling  back,  because  I  have  an  abiding  faith  in  all  my 
countrymen  and  countrywomen.  And  for  their  full  development  it  is  neces- 
sary that  women,  just  as  much  as  negro  men,  shall  be  granted  perfect  equality 
of  rights. 

The  eighty-fifth  birthday  of  Miss  Anthony  was  literally  cele- 
brated from  ocean  to  ocean.    A  big  scrap  book  was  filled  with 


1346  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O5] 

notices  which  were  sent  by  the  clipping  bureau  and  pasted  in  by 
the  careful  hands  of  Miss  Mary.  The  papers  of  the  large  cities 
contained  her  picture  and  columns  of  accounts  of  these  festivities 
— ^receptions,  dinners,  luncheons,  teas,  with  poems,  sketches  and 
tributes.  Many  of  the  last  are  well  worthy  of  reproducing  here 
but  it  would  be  a  difficult  matter  to  select  and  not  do  an  injustice 
to  many  which  would  necessarily  have  to  be  omitted,  therefore  it 
seems  best  to  describe  only  the  observance  of  the  day  in  her  own 
city  of  Rochester.  The  reporters  had  long  descriptions  of  visits 
to  Miss  Anthony  on  the  eventful  day,  of  finding  her  seated  in  a 
room  filled  with  flowers  and  presents,  among  the  latter  a  large 
mahogany  Morris  chair  from  the  Political  Equality  Club;  of 
letters  and  telegrams  from  many  foreign  countries  and  from  emi- 
nent men  and  women  throughout  the  United  States.  The  College 
Women's  Club  sent  a  basket  of  tropical  fruits,  and  the  local  chap- 
ter of  the  D.  A.  R.  a  large  bouquet  of  violets  with  a  tiny  flag  in 
the  center.  There  were  pictures,  books,  embroidered  table  scarf 
and  doilies,  gloves,  handkerchiefs,  slippers,  shawls,  and  many 
gifts  pf  money.  In  presenting  the  chair  an  original  poem  was 
read  by  Miss  Cora  Britton  Ruppert,  of  which  space  will  permit 
but  a  few  stanzas. 

Rest  thee  a  little,  far  may  seem  thy  goal. 

But  right  is  strong,  O,  great  and  dauntless  soul ; 

Rest  thee  a  little,  have  no  doubt  or  fear, 

The  war  will  rage  though  thou  shalt  rest  thee  here. 

Rest  thee  and  listen,  thou  canst  plainly  hear 
The  thanks  of  thousands  unto  whom  thou'rt  dear ; 
Whence  thou  alone  didst  tread — O,  music  sweet — 
G)mes  now  the  sound  of  many,  many  feet 

Rest  thee  a  little,  deathless  is  thy  fame ; 
Through  all  of  time  will  women  bless  thy  name ; 
Will  thank  thee  for  their  burdens  made  more  light. 
As  now  we  thank  thee  who  are  here  tonight. 

The  Post-Express  thus  began  a  long  editorial :  "Today  Susan 
B.  Anthony  is  eighty-five  years  old,  and  all  Rochester  offers  cor- 
dial congratulations.  She  is  indeed  more  widely  known  than  any 
other  resident  of  the  city,  for  her  fame  has  spread  to  the  utter- 


§ 


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[1905]  MISS  Anthony's  opinions.  1347 

most  parts  of  the  earth,  and  we  all  take  a  particular  pride  in  her 
remarkable  achievements.  To  American  women  she  is  specially 
dear,  for  her  long  life  has  been  devoted  to  unselfish  and  unre- 
warded labors  in  their  behalf." 

The  Union  and  Advertiser  said :  "Miss  Anthony  is  the  last  of 
that  little  band  who  started  the  equal  rights  movement  with  only 
a  handful  of  women,  which  has  gjown  until  now  it  encircles  the 
globe.  In  those  early  years,  she,  with  her  co-workers,  was  re- 
viled and  ridiculed.  Today  she  is  loved  and  honored  not  only  by 
those  who  share  her  convictions  regarding  the  suffrage  but  by 
all  who  recognize  her  great  worth  and  her  devotion  to  the  large 
purpose  of  her  life.  She  is  a  remarkable  woman  and  Rochester 
is  proud  of  her." 

In  its  editorial  the  Democrat  and  Chronicle  said : 

Indeed  Miss  Anthony  may  well  glory  in  her  standing  and  record  as  an 
octogenarian,  for  is  she  not  today  in  heart,  in  fixity  of  purpose  and  in  energy 
of  execution  still  a  young  woman  and  a  standing  rebuke  to  thousands  of  her 
sex  who  have  not  seen  one-third  of  her  years?  Hers  has  been  a  life  of 
untiring  activity,  usefulness  and  achievement.  Through  her  more  than 
through  any  other  person,  the  conditions  which  restricted  and  crippled  women 
when  she  began  her  work  have  been  changed  or  wholly  abolished.  Her  su- 
preme objective — ^the  general  recognition  of  women's  right  to  the  ballot  and 
a  direct  share  in  the  government — ^has  not  been  reached;  but  scores  of 
victories  in  collateral  reforms  are  now  woven  into  the  silver  which  crowns 
her  honored  brow. 

All  men — and  women,  of  course — speak  kindly  and  admiringly  of  Miss 
Anthony  today;  but  there  was  a  time  years  ago  when  she  and  her  few  as- 
sociates were  chiefly  the  theme  of  ridicule,  jest  and  caricature.  The  public 
did  not  understand  her  character  and  purpose;  but  whenever  her  marvellous 
personality  could  be  brought  to  bear  directly  upon  a  fair  and  candid  mind 
there  was  sure  to  be  left  a  friend  if  not  a  convert.  For  Miss  Anthony  is  the 
personification  of  sincerity  and  common  sense,  and  she  has  that  largeness  of 
soul  and  depth  of  sjrmpathy  which  usually  are  found  associated  with  a  genius 
for  bringing  things  to  pass. 

The  evening  celebration  was  held  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Political  Equality  Club,  in  the  large,  pleasant  home  of  the  Rev. 
and  Mrs.  W.  C.  Gannett  in  Sibley  Place.  The  Evening  Times 
began  its  account:  "Judges,  clergymen,  presidents  and  profes- 
sors of  universities,  men  prominent  in  every  walk  of  life ;  women 
more  than  making  up  in  loyalty  what  they  lacked  perhaps  in 


1348  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1905] 

fame — ^all  these  and  more  assembled  last  evening  to  honor  the 
birthday  of  Miss  Anthony  and  pay  heartfelt  tribute  to  Rochester's 
great  woman." 

Miss  Anthony  received  the  guests  with  Mrs.  Gannett,  Mrs. 
Jean  Brooks  Greenleaf,  Mrs.  Helen  Barrett  Montgomery,  Miss 
Mary  Anthony  and  Miss  Mabel  Clark,  president  of  the  club.  On 
the  programs  were  pictures  of  Miss  Anthony  and  her  sister,  who 
was  the  club's  president  for  eleven  years ;  and  the  addresses  were 
a  symposium  on  What  the  Women  of  the  New  Century  Owe  to 
the  Woman's  Movement  of  the  Last  Century  and  to  Susan  B. 
Anthony.  Miss  Ruth  H.  Dennis  told  What  Woman's  New  Edu- 
cation Owes,  and  described  Miss  Anthony's  part  in  opening  the 
University  of  Rochester  to  women.  Mrs.  Montgomery  spoke  on 
What  Woman's  New  Occupations  Owe,  beginning :  "Our  great 
leader  who  sits  here  tonight  has  been  one  of  the  women  who  has 
taught  other  women  the  joy  of  labor." 

Mrs.  Greenleaf,  in  telling  What  Woman's  New  Social  Service 
Owes,  said  in  part  : 

Asked  to  tell  what  Miss  Anthony  has  done  for  the  world  socially,  I  would 
inquire,  What  has  she  not  done?  She  has  shown  us  that  in  truth  all  men 
are  brothers,  all  women  sisters,  that  this  bond  really  binds,  and  no  one  can 
rise  so  high  or  sink  so  low  as  to  sever  it.  She  has  shown  us  unfailingly  our 
individual  responsibility  to  our  fellows.  She  has  shown  us  that  to  no  sex 
or  color  or  nationality  are  the  gifts  of  God  limited,  but  that  all  are  entitled 
to  opportunity  to  do  their  best  and  win  their  reward. 

Miss  Anthony  has  taught  us  the  lesson  of  true  hospitality ;  that  it  does  not 
consist  in  the  loaded  table  and  prodigal  display,  but  in  the  heart-felt  welcome 
to  the  home,  the  willingness  to  share  ungrudgingly  whatever  may  chance  to 
be  in  the  larder,  without  pettiness;  that  fraternal  feeling  is  more  than  cere- 
mony. Nowhere  in  this  country  is  there  to  be  found  more  genuine  hospitality 
than  in  the  home  of  the  Anthony  sisters.  Not  only  is  there  the  welcome  of 
rest  and  refreshment  t)f  the  body,  but  hospitality  for  thought  and  opinion. 
Socially  we  are  more  indebted  to  Susan  B.  Anthony  than  to  any  other  woman, 
for  she  has  shown  to  the  world  the  possibilities  of  true  American  woman- 
hood. Queen  and  Empress  have  recognized  her  worth  and  wisdom,  as  well 
as  have  the  highest  and  best  in  her  native  land,  but  her  cook  and  seamstress 
know  them  also. 

The  New  Dignity  that  Motherhood  Owes  was  touchingly  pic- 
tured by  Mrs.  Gannett,  who  said  in  closing:  "The  movement 
which  Miss  Anthony  represents  has  given  a  new  nobility  to  mar- 


[1905]  MISS  Anthony's  opinions.  1349 

riage-  In  the  ideal  home  the  children  believe  that  the  mother 
shares  the  responsibilities  with  the  father,  not  only  in  the  home 
but  in  the  community  and  in  the  State.  ...  To  no  one  are  we 
more  indebted  for  the  service  that  has  helped  women  add  greater 
beauty  of  mind  and  character  to  the  home  than  to  the  woman 
who  sits  here." 

Miss  Anthony's  love  for  children  was  recognized  when  a  tiny 
maiden,  Dorothy  Osborne,  holding  a  lovely  bouquet,  told  What 
the  Coming  Woman  Will  Owe :  "I  bring  these  flowers  to  speak 
for  the  new  generation  now  coming  forward,  to  tell  our  gratitude 
for  the  more  beautiful  life  that  you  and  your  fellow-workers  have 
opened  to  us.  Everjrthing  is  flowering  for  us.  The  colleges  are 
opening  to  us  over  the  land.  We  shall  make  our  living  in  a 
hundred  ways  where  our  mothers  had  one.  So  our  heads  and 
our  hands  will  be  strong  to  do  more  good  for  the  world  than 
women  have  ever  before  been  able  to  do.  And  we  feel  that  this 
new  power  will  make  our  hearts  larger  and  sweeter  for  all  that 
home  means.  You  have  given  your  life  for  this  flowering  of 
womanhood,  and  the  girls  of  the  new  century  bring  you  flowers 
to  say  that — ^and  to  thank  you." 

The  laurels  of  the  occasion  were  won  by  young  Master  Lewis 
S.  Gannett,  who  said : 

And  I,  just  a  boy,  want  to  thank  you  for  us  who  are  on  our  way  to  be 
men.  The  girls  are  not  going  to  flower  without  us.  The  better  "woman" 
there  is  in  the  world,  the  better  "man"  will  stand  by  her  side.  If  sisters  can  be 
better,  if  mothers  can  be  dearer,  than  ours — though  we  don't  see  how  they 
can — ^then  boys  are  bound  to  be  truer  men  to  match  them.  So  you  have  lived 
for  us  also.  Though  two,  we  are  one,  after  all,  and  we  shall  grow  nobler 
together.  Come  back  to  us  fifty  years  hence,  and  we,  working  together  to 
make  them,  will  show  you  juster  laws,  more  equal  conditions,  gentler  homes 
— and  to  you  and  yours  they  will  largely  be  due.  The  boys  of  the  new  cen- 
tury bring  you  their  flowers  and  thank  you.* 

Dr.  Rush  Rhees,  president  of  the  university,  spoke  of  the 
emancipation  that  was  coming  to  working  men  and  to  women  and 

^The  custom  was  widely  instituted  this  year,  and  has  been  followed  since,  of  present- 
ins  large  photographs  of  Miss  Anthony  to  the  public  schools  on  her  birthday  in  order 
that  the  children  may  become  familiar  with  her  face  and  interested  in  the  work  she  rep- 
resented. 


I3SO  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY,  [1905] 

of  the  time  when  woman  would  be  still  more  than  now  the  com- 
panion of  man.  In  the  course  of  his  remarks  Judge  Arthur  E. 
Sutherland  said :  "I  believe  that  in  addressing  Miss  Anthony  I 
have  the  honor  of  speaking  to  Rochester's  most  distinguished 
citizen.  I  wonder  how  it  must  feel  to  be  eighty-five  years  old 
and  to  have  lived  such  a  life  as  she  has  lived !  When  the  black 
man  was  fleeing  from  his  master  in  times  of  slavery,  she  lifted 
up  her  voice  against  that  institution.  We  honor  her  for  that. 
We  honor  her  for  lifting  up  her  voice  against  the  cruelties  that 
have  been  practiced  upon  her  own  sex.  Always  she  has  been 
actuated  by  a  deep  sense  of  justice." 

Mr.  Gannett  read  a  letter  from  Mayor  James  G.  Cutler  saying : 

I  regret  that  I  must  be  absent  from  the  city  until  after  the  date  named. 
That  I  sympathize  with  any  plan  to  honor  Miss  Anthony,  you  will  believe 
when  I  tell  you  that  in  my  address  prepared  for  a  public  dinner  in  New 
York  on  Saturday,  where  I  am  to  speak  on  Rochester,  I  have  not  forgotten 
her  claim  to  recognition  among  those  who  have  added  to  the  city's  fame.  I 
ask  you  to  convey  to  her  my  congratulations  on  her  birthday  and  an  expres- 
sion of  my  sincere  regret  that  I  cannot  join  with  those  who  will  commemo- 
rate the  anniversary.  However  the  citizens  of  Rochester  may  differ  and,  of 
course,  do  differ  upon  the  question  with  which  Miss  Anthony's  name  is  most 
often  associated,  there  is  no  difference  among  them  as  to  her  high  character, 
the  beautiful  devotion  of  her  life  to  helpful  work,  and  the  high  respect  and 
esteem  in  which  she  is  so  deservedly  held. 

After  Mr.  Gannett  had  added  his  own  beautiful  tribute  to  both 
of  the  sisters,  Miss  Anthony  spoke  very  briefly  but  with  much 
feeling,  expressing  her  appreciation  of  all  that  had  been  said  and 
adding,  "You  may  compliment  women,  pet  them,  worship  them, 
but  if  you  do  not  recognize  their  claim  for  justice,  it  is  all  as 
nothing."  She  introduced  with  affectionate  words  Miss  Nora 
Stanton  Blatch,  grand-daughter  of  her  beloved  Mrs.  Stanton, 
who  had  come  from  Cornell  University  to  spend  the  birthday 
with  her.  And  then  the  guests  could  hardly  be  persuaded  to  go 
into  the  dining  room  because  of  the  love-feast  in  the  drawing 
room ! 

The  birthday  letters  continued  coming  for  a  week  or  more  and 
among  them  was  one  from  Mrs.  Russell  Sage  which  said :  "Be- 
ing greatly  pleased  by  the  truth  and  the  form  of  statements  in 


[1905]  MISS  Anthony's  opinions.  135 i 

the.enclosed  clipping  I  am  sending  it  to  you  lest  otherwise  it  may 
not  come  to  your  notice.  .  .  .  With  undiminished  delight 
in  my  grand  and  beautiful  friend,  I  am  yours  affectionately." 
The  enclosure  was  the  following  editorial  from  the  New  York 
Evening  Telegram,  fully  half  of  the  lines  being  underscored  by 
Mrs.  Sage : 

Susan  B.  Anthony  is  still  receiving  congratulations  because  of  her  eighty- 
fifth  birthday.  They  come  from  various  parts  of  the  world.  Kindly  words 
speed  over  and  under  the  wide,  flowing  seas,  linking  her  with  thousands  of 
hearts  to  whom  she  stands  not  only  as  a  high  type  of  womanhood  but  also  as 
the  symbol  of  a  social,  moral  and  ethical  idea. 

The  time  will  come  when  woman  suffrage  will  be  a  graciously  accepted 
fact  and  the  normal  man  of  that  time  will  wonder  why  it  was  necessary  to 
make  such  a  long  and  pertinacious  fight  for  simple  justice  to  the  sex.  Then 
will  Susan  B.  Anthony  be  in  the  fullness  of  her  life,  though  she  long  be  dead. 
She  is  a  remarkable  woman  at  eighty-five,  still  glowing  with  the  fire  of  en- 
thusiasm, still  splendidly  courageous  and  animated  by  that  youth  which  single 
devotion  to  a  cause  puts  into  the  hearts  of  its  advocates.  She  is  a  monument 
to  the  worth  of  woman.  Men  who  complain  of  lack  of  opportunity,  who  re- 
gard the  struggle  of  life  with  misgivings  and  irresolution,  may  find  here  a 
lesson  to  hearten  them.  Miss  Anthony  has  devoted  her  life  to  one  purpose, 
the  uplift  of  woman  and  the  broadening  of  her  field,  believing  that  as  woman 
is  benefitted  so  is  the  nation.  Which  is  true  indeed,  for  woman  is  herself 
the  nation.   .   .   . 

Who  builds  on  truth  builds  for  all  time.  And  therem  lies  the  value  of  what 
has  been  wrought  by  Susan  B.  Anthony. 

The  New  York  Press  sent  Edwin  Tracey,  a  special  writer,  to 
Rochester,  and  published  a  page  of  pictures  and  his  excellent 
interview  of  several  columns.  A  few  extracts  will  illustrate  Miss 
Anthony's  sane  and  sensible  views  in  the  late  evening  of  life. 

...  If  a  woman  belongs  to  one  or  two  good  clubs  and  attends  them  as 
dutifully  as  her  husband  attends  his  club  or  secret  society,  she  will  be  a  more 
helpful  wife  and  a  better  mother.  To  an  unmarried  woman  the  club  offers 
inestimable  advantages.  It  makes  her  independent  of  man  even  for  her 
recreations  and  amusements. 

I  think  the  girl  who  is  able  to  earn  her  own  living  and  pay  her"  own  way 
should  be  as  happy  as  anybody  on  earth.  The  sense  of  independence  and 
security  is  very  sweet.  Women  should  be  as  free  to  enter  all  business  occu- 
pations as  men.  College  education  is  gradually  bringing  this  about  I  can*t 
say  that  the  college-bred  woman  is  the  most  contented  woman.  The  broader 
her  mind  the  more  she  understands  the  unequal  conditions  between  men  and 
women,  the  more  she  chafes  under  a  government  that  tolerates  it.  .  .  . 
Ant.  Ill— 16 


1352  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O5] 

One  effect  of  our  suffrage  movement  is  that  women  are  learning  to  do 
more  for  women.  Hitherto  when  a  rich  woman  died  leaving  a  large  legacy 
to  some  institution,  it  was  usually  one  for  men  that  derived  the  benefit. 
Women  are  now  understanding  that  their  own  sex  has  the  first  claim. 
Throughout  the  land  they  are  recognizing  their  duties  as  citizens;  that,  as 
members  of  a  great  nation,  they  have  the  same  rights  as  all  other  members. 
They  object  to  being  considered  simply  in  the  light  of  wife  and  mother. 
Suppose,  for  instance,  that  President  Roosevelt,  when  he  made  his  great 
speech  in  New  York  the  other  day,  had  been  welcomed  solely  as  the  good 
husband  and  father.  He  would  have  resented  it,  wouldn't  he?  Well,  that  is 
the  way  women  feel;  they  want  their  birthright  of  self-sovereignty.  Nothing 
quickens  the  conscience  of  a  woman  and  strengthens  her  judgment  like  in- 
dividual responsibility.  Nothing  adds  more  dignity  to  her  character.  The 
anti-suffragist  talk  of  sheltering  women  from  the  fierce  storms  of  life  is  a 
lot  of  cant.  I  have  no  patience  with  it.  These  storms  beat  on  woman  just  as 
fiercely  as  they  do  on  man,  and  she  is  not  trained  to  defend  herself  against 
them.  It  will  not  be  so  a  generation  hence.  The  modem  girl  sees  the  dawn 
of  a  new  day.  Women  at  the  editor's  desk,  women  teaching  in  the  colleges, 
women  healing  the  sick,  women  practicing  in  the  courts,  women  preaching 
from  the  pulpit  and  lecturing  from  the  platform— call  them  new  women  or 
what  you  please — ^they  are  the  women  the  world  welcomes  today. 

During  this  month  when  the  newspapers  of  the  entire  country 
were  vying  with  each  other  in  glowing  tributes  to  Miss  Anthony, 
the  New  York  Herald  devoted  a  page  to  an  article  crudely  manu- 
factured to  show  that  she  and  the  other  suffrage  leaders  upheld 
U.  S.  Senator  Reed  Smoot  because  they  believed  in  polygamy. 
The  animus  of  the  paper  was  shown  when  it  refused  to  publish 
the  denials  of  the  women  whom  it  had  pretended  to  quote  liter- 
ally. Miss  Anthony  when  interviewed  dismissed  the  subject  with 
contempt,  saying  the  article  was  inspired  by  the  anti-suffragists 
and  that  the  Woman's  Journal,  in  calling  it  "a  clumsy  lie,*'  ex- 
pressed her  exact  opinion. 

The  month  of  March  was  always  inclement  in  Rochester  and 
Miss  Anthony  this  year  accepted  with  pleasure  an  invitation 
which  had  been  extended  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Deloss  A.  Blodgett, 
of  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  to  spend  it  at  their  winter  home  in 
Daytona,  Florida.  Miss  Shaw,  who  was  just  recovering  from  a 
^  severe  attack  of  pneumonia,  received  a  like  invitation.  Miss  An- 
thony left  home  on  March  i,  and  broke  the  journey  at  Phila- 
delphia, where  she  was  the  guest  for  a  few  days  of  Mrs.  Emma  J. 
Bartol.  While  there  she  was  much  grieved  to  learn  of  the  death 


[1905]  MISS  Anthony's  opinions.  1353 

of  Mrs.  Leland  Stanford  in  Honolulu.  Their  friendship  dated 
back  to  1886,  when  her  husband  was  in  the  U.  S.  Senate,  and 
during  the  intervening  years  she  had  shown  Miss  Anthony  many 
courtesies.  Not  long  before  going  to  Hawaii  she  had  written, 
"I  am  so  thankful  that  God  permits  me  to  have  in  you  so  true 
and  loyal  a  friend."  Miss  Anthony  reciprocated  this  feeling  and 
had  the  sense  of  a  deep  personal  loss.  She  was  having  many  such 
losses  in  recent  years,  as  every  one  must  have  who  passes  the 
eightieth  milestone  of  life,  but  she  seldom  gave  outward  signs  of 
grief  or  spoke  of  it.  When  asked  to  write  tributes  she  alwasrs 
answered,  "I  can  not  put  my  feelings  into  words."^ 

While  in  Philadelphia  Miss  Anthony  attended  a  meeting  of  the 
Women's  Branch  of  the  Ethical  Society,  and  although  she  made 
but  a  few  remarks  she  greatly  impressed  a  reporter  present,  who 
had  this  description  in  the  Press  of  that  city : 

The  figure  of  Miss  Anthony  was  simplicity  itself,  even  though  she  stood 
there  calmly  talking  about  writing  letters  to  the  President  of  the  United 
States  reminding  him  of  his  duty  to  the  women  of  the  land.  There  is  noth- 
ing of  the  '*brawn  and  muscle"  that  cartoonists  give  to  the  woman's  rights 
woman  about  Susan  B.  Anthony.  She  is  one  of  the  sweetest  old  ladies  in 
the  world  and  no  man  could  look  at  her  without  thinking  of  all  he  loved  best 
in  his  own  mother.  Yesterday  she  spoke  to  the  little  circle  of  women  around 
her  without  taking  the  platform,  simply  rising  from  her  chair.  A  tall  but  not 
spare  figure,  she  was  as  erect  as  her  younger  sisters  and  only  the  white  hair 
told  of  eighty-five  years.  From  out  of  spectacles,  not  eye  glasses,  looked  the 
keen,  kind,  blue  eyes,  and  she  wore  a  bonnet,  not  a  hat,  this  woman  of  women. 
Her  dress  was  plain,  dark  gray  with  black  trimmings,  and  somehow,  to  a 
man's  eye  at  least,  just  the  kind  of  dress  that  brings  recollections  of  home 
and  boyhood.  And  then,  to  crown  all,  beneath  that  homelike  bonnet  and 
over  that  homelike  dress,  there  was  thrown  to  shield  her  from  draught — ^not 
a  lace  cloak,  not  a  piece  of  rich  fur,  but  a  red  shawl. 

That  bonnet,  with  the  kind  blue  eyes  beneath  it,  those  spectacles,  that  plain 
dress  and  quaint  red  shawl,  and,  above  all,  that  sweet,  gentle  voice,  spelled 
"mother"  as  plainly  as  the  fine  word  ever  was  written.  Not  a  hint  of  man- 
nishness  but  all  that  man  loves  and  respects.  What  man  could  deny  any 
right  to  a  woman  like  that? 

Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Shaw  started  southward  March  3,  and 
stopped  to  visit  the  interesting  old  town  of  St.  Augustine  before 

^Of  the  persons  mentioned  in  the  first  two  volumes  of  this  Biography,  who  were  living 
at  the  time  it  was  written,  one  hundred  and  sixty-five,  to  the  writer's  knowledge,  have 
since  died,  and  doubtless  the  actual  number  is  still  larger. 


1354  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1905] 

going  to  Daytona.  A  cordial  welcome  awaited  them  from  host 
and  hostess,  they  were  soon  installed  in  two  large,  sunny  rooms 
and  in  this  delightful  home  they  remained  nearly  four  weeks, 
seeing  each  day  a  gain  in  health  and  strength.  "Mrs.  Blodgett  is 
a  wonderful  hostess,"  Miss  Anthony  wrote  to  her  sister;  and 
Mrs.  Blodgett  said  to  the  present  writer:  "I  never  entertained 
so  perfect  a  guest  as  Miss  Anthony.  She  literally  did  not  make  a 
particle  of  trouble,  required  no  waiting  on,  was  punctual  at  meals, 
appreciated  everything  that  was  done  for  her,  was  always  calm 
and  sweet.  Miss  Shaw  was  just  as  nice  and  they  both  have  a 
standing  invitation  to  our  home."  Enjoyable  drives  were  taken 
every  day,  among  the  orange  groves,  down  the  long  beach,  over 
to  the  famous  shell  mounds  and  through  the  picturesque  country. 
One  day  they  spent  at  the  shore  cottage  of  the  family  where  a 
picnic  dinner  was  served;  one  day  they  drove  to  Ormond  with 
its  gorgeous  display  of  wealth ;  and  one  to  the  City  Beautiful  at 
Sea  Breeze  to  call  on  Helen  Wilmans  Post.  Miss  Anthony  and 
Miss  Shaw  addressed  a  meeting  of  the  Palmetto  Qub  in  the 
opera  house  and  the  journal  said:  "Miss  Shaw  did  beautifully; 
I  stammered  out  next  to  nothing,  but  all  seemed  glad  to  see  me, 
and  she  won  their  hearts."  Other  entries  in  the  journal  were: 
"We  are  kept  pretty  busy,  Miss  Shaw  at  writing  letters  and  I  at 
doing  nothing."  "It  seems  odd  to  be  driving  about  with  only 
light  wraps  and  going  down  town  with  none  and  bareheaded 
while  they  are  all  snowed  imder  at  home."  "I  wonder  why  Mary 
does  not  get  my  letters ;  I  give  them  to  the  coachman  to  mail — 
maybe  they  are  still  in  his  pocket."  "I  am  too  lazy  for  anjrthing, 
scarcely  write  a  letter  and  don't  even  record  in  my  diary  book 
where  we  have  been." 

The  truth  was  that  during  all  these  days  and  weeks  and  months 
Miss  Anthony  was  struggling  against  the  physical  prostration 
which  only  her  strong  will  enabled  her  to  overcome.  While  in 
Philadelphia  the  present  writer  had  asked  her  in  anguish  of 
spirit,  "Why  are  you  so  quiet?  Why  don't  you  talk  as  you  used 
to?"  And  she  had  answered,  "Because  Thave  scarcely  strength 
to  speak."  A  little  later  she  wrote :  "Now  don't  you  worry  about 
me.    The  hammer  may  as  well  fall  one  time  as  another — only 


[1905]  MISS  Anthony's  opinions.  1355 

I  did  want  to  work  a  little  longer."  The  splendid  mind  still  re- 
tained its  vigor  and  among  the  few  letters  she  wrote  during  this 
month  was  a  long  one  to  her  nephew  D.  R.  Anthony,  of  Leaven- 
worth, who  was  now  proprietor  of  the  Leavenworth  Times  and 
was  a  candidate  for  re-election  as  mayor.  She  was  most  anxious 
that  he  should  maintain  for  himself  and  his  paper  a  high  stand- 
ard, regardless  of  the  consequences,  and  said  among  other  things : 

I  should  think  the  women  would  vote  for  you  on  account  of  your  attitude 
on  street  improvements.  Now  I  hope  you  will  take  the  right  position  on  the 
liquor  question,  and,  if  there  must  be  a  license,  demand  that  it  shall  be  $i»ooo 
or  $1,200  and  at  least  kill  off  the  "blind  tigers''  and  smoke  out  all  the  hiding 
places  of  the  three  vices.  If  the  liquor  law  is  bound  to  be  circumvented, 
then  force  those  who  violate  it  to  pay  roundly  for  their  action.  But  I  should 
much  rather  see  an  honest  effort  to  shut  up  those  sinks  of  iniquity.  I  remem- 
ber asking  your  father  once,  when  prohibition  was  being  enforced  in  Leaven- 
worth, if  he  did  not  think  there  were  more  sugar  and  coffee  and  shoes  and 
stockings  bought  for  the  families  of  the  dty  than  when  liquor  was  freely 
sold,  and  he  said,  "Yes,  of  course."  .  .  .  Well,  do  the  best  you  can  and 
don't  crawl  in  the  mire  to  get  the  vote  of  the  whiskey  element.  The  Presi- 
dent appointed  not  because  he  was  fit  for  the  office  but  because  he 

delivered,  or  pretended  to  deliver,  the  Irish  vote  of  his  city.  Don't  be  guilty 
of  advocating  a  man  for  official  position  for  political  reasons  when  he  is 
wanting  in  all  that  goes  to  make  up  a  decent  citizen.    .    .    . 

Bessie,  uphold  your  husband's  hands  in  everything  that  is  honorable  and 
help  him  make  a  beginning  of  clean  politics.  Nothing  makes  dirty  politics 
but  that  kind  of  men.  If  they  were  clean  the  politics  would  be.  There  is  no 
way  to  cleanse  them  but  for  the  politicians  to  wash  their  hands  of  corrupt 
practices,  and  I  want  D.  R.  to  lead  in  this  work  of  purification. 

Miss  Anthony,  accompanied  by  Miss  Shaw,  went  for  a  few 
days'  visit  to  the  winter  home  of  her  cousin,  Miss  Melissa  Dickin- 
son, at  Orange  City.  The  Woman's  Club  came  for  a  Susan  B. 
Anthony  day,  about  sixty  ladies  present,  representing  twenty 
different  States.  They  drove  to  Deland,  the  county  seat;  "a 
lovely  drive,"  the  diary  said,  "but,  oh,  the  blasted  hopes  in  those 
acres  of  frozen  orange  trees !"  They  visited  the  library  and  hall 
presented  by  the  cousin  to  her  town,  and  one  afternoon  drove  to 
a  Spiritualist  camp-meeting  at  Lake  St.  Helen,  where  of  course 
they  both  had  to  make  speeches. 

When  they  returned  to  Daytona  they  addressed  the  colored 
high  school  and  that  night  Miss  Anthony  wrote  in  her  journal : 


/ 


I 


1356  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1905] 

"They  are  bright  children  but  it  is  sad  to  feel  that  the  moment 
any  one  of  them  holds  up  his  head,  shows  signs  of  being  a  citizen, 
he  will  have  a  flat  stone  put  upon  it.  It  is  a  hard  fate  that  lies 
before  the  colored  people  of  this  nation  who  are  specially  gifted 
— ^and  yet  the  only  way  to  solve  the  race  question  is  to  educate 
both  races,  the  blacks  to  be  equal  to  their  opportunities,  the 
whites  to  be  willing  to  share  their  privileges." 

On  the  last  day  of  March  the  travellers  left  the  hospitable  home 
of  the  Blodgetts,  every  spare  comer  of  their  baggage  filled  with 
oranges  and  grape  fruit,  of  which  Miss  Anthony  was  so  fond. 
They  spent  the  night  at  Columbia,  S.  C,  and  the  next  day  went 
up  into  the  mountains  of  North  Carolina  for  a  visit  with  Mrs. 
Coonley  Ward  who  was  spending  the  winter  at  Tryon.  The 
peach  trees  were  in  bloom  and  Miss  Anthony  thought  nature  was 
more  beautiful  than  in  tropical  Florida.  After  a  delightful  week 
they  went  to  Washington,  for  the  meeting  of  the  National  Coun- 
cil of  Women,  joining  Mrs.  Mary  Wood  Swift,  its  president,  at 
the  Shoreham. 

The  Council  had  the  most  enthusiastic  greeting  for  Miss  An- 
thony, one  of  its  founders  and  its  first  vice-president-at-large. 
She  did  not  take  so  active  a  part  in  its  proceedings  as  in  former 
days  and  several  measures  were  adopted  which  she  did  not  ap- 
prove but  did  not  feel  able  to  combat.  When,  however,  a  resolu- 
tion was  presented  that  the  Council  would  cooperate  with  Church 
and  State  to  lessen  the  evil  of  divorce,  she  did  protest  most 
vigorously,  saying  in  part : 

I  do  not  consider  divorce  an  evil  by  any  means.  It  is  just  as  much  a 
refuge  for  women  married  to  brutal  men  as  Canada  was  to  the  slaves  of 
brutal  masters.  I  will  never  vote  for  a  resolution  to  bar  women  from  that 
refuge.  No  one  class  is  more  responsible  for  the  evils  of  marriage  than  the 
clergy  themselves.  The  vast  majority  of  marriage  ceremonies  are  performed 
by  them  and  the  cases  are  rare  where  they  make  close  inquiry  as  to  the  char- 
acter of  the  applicants  or  refuse  to  unite  them.  Of  late  years  there  has  been 
a  flurry  of  reform  on  the  part  of  a  few  to  the  extent  of  declining  to  marry 
divorced  persons,  but  this  is  the  most  superficial  and  inefficient  of  remedies. 
What  a  crime  to  refuse  to  marry  a  man  who  has  been  divorced,  and  then, 
without  an  objection,  to  unite  a  pure  woman  to  one  who  has  lived  a  life  of 
intemperance  and  immorality !  Or  to  decline  to  marry  a  divorced  woman,  and 


[1905]  MISS  Anthony's  opinions.  1357 

then,  without  a  question,  bind  in  wedlock  one  who  is  a  child  in  years  and 
often  evidently  a  runaway  from  home  I 

Naturally  Miss  Anthony  was  severely  censured  by  such  of  the 
clergy  as  came  within  the  scope  of  her  remarks,  but  she  was  al- 
most universally  sustained  by  the  secular  press.  The  pathetic 
'  letters  of  gratitude  which  she  received  from  heartbroken  women 
in  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  even  so  far  away  as  the  provinces 
of  British  Columbia,  if  they  could  have  been  made  public,  would 
have  given  a  stinging  rebuke  to  those  of  their  own  sex  who 
would  shut  this  door  of  hope  against  the  victims  of  an  unfortu- 
nate marriage. 

At  the  close  of  the  Council  Miss  Anthony  visited  Miss  Shaw 
and  her  niece,  Miss  Lucy  E.  Anthony,  at  their  home  in  Mt.  Airy 
for  a  few  days,  and  then,  accompanied  by  the  latter,  went  to  New 
York,  where  she  joined  her  nephew,  D.  R.  Anthony  and  his 
wife  at  the  Hotel  Empire.  After  a  pleasant  four  days  receiving 
and  visiting  friends,  she  went  with  her  nephew  to  Albany  and 
thence  to  Greenwich  and  to  Battenville,  the  old  Anthony  home 
sixty  years  before.  The  object  of  their  visit  was  to  attend  to  the 
placing  of  a  monument  over  the  graves  of  the  maternal  grand- 
parents in  accordance  with  the  will  of  D.  R.  Anthony,  Sr.,  who 
had  left  a  bequest  for  the  purpose. 

Miss  Anthony  finally  arrived  at  her  own  beloved  home  April 
23,  after  an  absence  of  nearly  two  months.  It  was  just  at  this 
time  that  ex-President  Grover  Cleveland,  through  the  appropriate 
medium  of  the  Ladies'  Home  Journal,  of  Philadelphia,  made  a 
ponderous  attack  on  Women's  Clubs,  such  as  would  have  been 
made  in  the  medieval  ages  had  these  institutions  existed  at  that 
time.  He  gave  a  vicious  side-cut  at  woman  suffrage  but  the  clubs 
were  the  especial  victims  of  his  heavy  and  involved  rhetoric. 
Reporters  from  all  parts  of  the  country  made  a  bee-line  for  Miss 
Anthony  and  to  the  one  who  was  first  to  reach  her  she  said,  'O, 
yes,  she  had  seen  the  article,  it  had  been  sent  to  her  from  every 
point  of  the  compass.  What  did  she  think  of  it?  Ridiculous! 
Pure  fol-de-rol  !*  She  refused  to  consider  it  seriously  but  finally 
observed  that  she  thought  "Grover  Cleveland  was  about  the  last 
person  to  talk  of  the  sanctity  of  the  home  and  woman's  sphere;'* 


1358  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1905] 

that  "he  dropped  into  poetry  twice  to  inform  us  that  *the  hand 
that  rocks  the  cradle  rules  the  world/  but  as  boys  had  a  way  of 
climbing  out  of  the  cradle  in  a  little  while  mothers  were  pretty  apt 
to  want  to  go  after  them  and  see  what  kind  of  a  world  they  were 
getting  into."  She  had  no  time  to  waste,  she  said,  on  anything  as 
antediluvian  as  this  diatribe ;  she  answered  everything  in  it  when 
she  first  began  her  public  work  nearly  sixty  years  ago. 

The  newspapers  made  the  most  of  this  and  there  was  scarcely 
one  in  the  country  that  sustained  Mr.  Cleveland  in  his  position. 
Women  by  the  hundreds  attacked  him  in  the  press  and  the  clubs, 
and  the  Cleveland  Leader  had  a  caricature  of  him  enveloped  in 
a  swarm  of  bees  into  whose  hive  he  had  just  poked  with  a  pen. 
The  ex-President  was  imquestionably  stung,  for  he  came  back 
at  the  women  with  another  article  in  the  same  magazine,  which 
he  began  by  saying  that  he  had  been  greatly  misrepresented  and 
devoted  wholly  to  an  attack  on  woman  suffrage.  The  Associated 
Press  was  the  first  to  reach  Miss  Anthony  when  this  came  out 
and  it  soon  had  on  the  wires  an  interview  which  began:  "He 
isn't  worth  bothering  about.  I  have  been  telegraphed  to  by  sev- 
eral newspapers  to  answer  that  article  but  what  is  there  to  an- 
swer? If  he  had  said  one  new  thing,  given  one  new  idea,  there 
might  have  been  a  chance  for  argument,  but  no, — just  hash, 
hash,  hash  of  the  same  old  kind !" 

This  was  enough  for  the  newspapers  and  the  St.  Louis  Glohe 
Democrat  started  the  fun  by  saying:  "The  mild  language  em- 
ployed by  Miss  Anthony  in  dealing  with  Mr.  Cleveland's  article 
on  the  suffrage  question  shows  the  great  reserve  power  for 
which  the  Anthony  family  is  noted."  Among  the  scores  of  car- 
toons was  one  of  Miss  Anthony  seated  at  a  table  and  Mr.  Cleve- 
land, in  the  garb  of  a  waiter,  fairly  staggering  under  a  great 
dish  of  hash  that  he  was  about  to  serve  her.  Another  one,  atro- 
ciously funny,  was  called,  What  Shall  We  do  with  Our  Ex- 
Presidents  ?  Mr.  Cleveland  was  running  at  the  top  of  his  speed 
with  a  book  under  his  arm  entitled,  What  I  Know  about  Wom- 
an's Clubs;  close  on  his  track  was  Miss  Anthony  with  an  up- 
lifted umbrella  labeled  Woman  Suffrage  which  she  was  about  to 
bring  down  on  his  bald  head,  while  near  by  stood  Uncle  Sam 


[1905]  MISS  Anthony's  opinions.  1359 

holding  his  sides  with  laughter.    A  jingle  went  the  rounds  be- 
ginning, 

"Susan  B. 
Anthony,  she 
Took  quite  a  fall  out  of  Grover  C/' 
For  weeks  the  newspapers  kept  up  a  fusillade  of  humorous  and 
caustic  paragraphs  at  Mr.   Cleveland's  expense;  the  one  terse 
comment  of  Miss  Anthony's  was  worth  columns  pf  arguments, 
and  never  again  was  the  public  afflicted  with  that  gentleman's 
views  on  any  phase  of  the  woman  question. 


CHAPTER  LXVIII. 


TRIP  TO  THE  FAR  WEST — CALL  ON  PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT. 

1905. 

ISS  ANTHONY  could  not  understand  why  her 
friends  should  be  surprised  that  she  was  going  to 
jthe  National  Suffrage  Convention  at  Portland,  Ore- 
gon. "I  always  attend  these  annual  meetings  and 
why  not  this  one  ?"  she  asked.  In  a  letter  to  a  friend 
near  her  own  age,  living  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  she  wrote :  "I  am 
sorry  you  think  you  cannot  go  to  Portland  but  each  one  knows 
her  own  limitations.  I  suppose  if  I  paid  much  attention  to  mine 
I  should  stay  at  home  altogether,  but  I  feel  that  it  would  be  just 
as  well  if  I  reached  the  end  on  the  cars  or  anyv^^here  else  as  at 
home.  It  would  make  a  little  more  trouble  for  others  but  I  cannot 
give  up  going  about  my  work  through  constant  fear  of  that.'* 
And  after  this  sensible  decision  she  began  having  some  very  nice 
dresses  made  for  the  prospective  visit. 

Absence  from  home  had  made  it  impossible  for  Miss  Anthony 
to  attend  the  banquet  of  the  college  women  early  in  April,  and  so 
before  they  separated  for  the  summer  about  forty  of  them  came 
to  spend  an  evening  with  her.  One  day  a  note  from  Henry  C. 
Maine,  a  Rochester  friend,  notified  her  that  the  Society  of  Artists 
would  call  to  pay  their  respects,  "armed  and  equipped  with  pen- 
cils, crayons  and  sketching  pads,"  and  she  submitted  laughingly. 
It  had  long  been  the  custom  for  conventions  and  societies  of 
every  description  meeting  in  that  city  to  make  a  call  on  her  a 
part  of  their  program. 

Miss  Anthony  herself  was  the  instigator  of  a  little  surprise 
party  on  June  14,  when  a  number  of  old  and  intimate  friends 
called  on  Mrs.  Lewia  C.  Smith  in  remembrance  of  her  ninety- 

(1360) 


[1905]     TRIP  TO  THE  FAR  WEST — PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT.  I361 

fourth  birthday,  which  found  her  in  possession  of  all  her  facul- 
ties, able  to  go  about  as  she  liked  and  full  of  interest  in  affairs  of 
the  day.  It  had  been  the  intention  to  make  her  a  gift  of  a  dollar 
for  every  year  but  it  passed  the  limit,  and  Miss  Anthony  was 
chosen  to  present  the  twenty  gold  pieces,  which  she  did,  saying 
in  part :  "I  don't  know  exactly  how  to  make  this  presentation  as 
I  am  not  a  speech-maker,  and  furthermore  I  have  some  hesitation 
because  you  are  my  senior  I  Your  friends  wish  to  express  to  you 
in  some  way  their  appreciation  of  your  forty  years'  work  for 
woman  suffrage.  I  will  say  that  you  have  been  the  champion 
beggar  of  this  city.  Whenever  a  special  fund  was  needed  you 
have  systematically  made  out  your  lists  and  levied  on  your 
friends.  I  myself  have  benefited  more  than  once  by  your  efforts. 
We  intended  to  give  you  a  dollar  for  each  of  your  years  but  your 
friends  are  so  many  that  here  are  a  hundred  and  you  must  live 
six  more  to  earn  it  all.  Be  sure  that  you  spend  it  on  yourself." 
"Yes,  don't  give  it  to  the  suffrage  cause,  as  Susan  does  all  her 
presents,"  called  out  Miss  Mary,  amid  much  laughter. 

Many  pleasant  letters  were  received  by  Miss  Anthony  strength- 
ening her  resolution  to  go  to  the  far  Northwest,  among  them  this 
one  from  Mrs.  Florence  Kelley,  executive  secretary  of  the  Na- 
tional Consumers'  League :  "I  trust  that  I  may  have  the  privilege 
of  meeting  you  in  Portland.  I  cannot  remember  a  time  when 
my  father  did  not  respect  and  admire  you  more  than  any  other 
woman  and  tell  me  to  follow  your  example  and  fill  my  life  with 
political  activity.  His  example,  however,  proved  stronger  and 
economic  questions  got  the  upper  hand  first.  It  becomes  more 
obvious,  however,  every  year  that  political  work  and  economic 
work  are  identical  despite  all  efforts  to  keep  them  separate. 
During  the  next  five  years  you  will  see  some  good  strdces  of 
mine  for  the  suffrage,  if  my  life  be  spared.  Inside  the  organiza- 
tions in  which  I  work  I  am  getting  together  my  own  cohort  to 
march  under  your  flag.  Your  lifelong  admirer." 

Miss  Anthony  accompanied  by  Miss  Mary,  to  whom  a  national 
suffrage  convention  was  meat  and  drink  for  a  whole  year,  left 
home  for  Portland  June  20.  The  officers  of  the  National  Associa- 
tion joined  them  at  Chicago  and  the  Woman's  Club  gave  a 


1362  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOS] 

large  reception  in  their  honor.  Miss  Anthony  begged  that  in- 
stead of  making  an  address,  as  had  been  planned,  she  might  be 
allowed  to  meet  every  one  personally.  A  long  interview  with  her 
in  the  Examiner  of  that  city  began:  "Personified  optimism — 
that  is  Susan  B.  Anthony — ^who  sees  nothing  but  hopeful  signs 
wherever  she  looks,  not  only  for  women  but  for  the  nation." 

Nearly  a  hundred  delegates  from  various  States  assembled 
in  Chicago  and  all  started  in  special  cars  attached  to  the  train 
which  left  the  evening  of  June  23rd,  a  congenial  and  lively 
crowd.  The  papers  had  given  them  a  wide  advertising  and  their 
progress  across  the  country  was  duly  chronicled.  At  Boone, 
Iowa,  a  delegation  from  the  Political  Equality  Club  met  them 
with  bouquets  and  other  remembrances  and  Miss  Shaw  spoke 
briefly;  another  was  waiting  at  Council  Bluffs,  and  at  Omaha 
more  than  a  hundred  members  of  the  Woman's  Club  and  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.  were  at  the  station  with  floral  offerings,  including 
American  Beauties  for  Miss  Anthony.  They  were  greeted  by 
Miss  Mary  Andrews,  president  of  the  club,  and  from  an  impro- 
vised platform  Miss  Anthony,  Mrs.  Catt,  Miss  Shaw,  Mr.  and 
Miss  Blackwell  and  Miss  Clay  made  short  responses.  Badges 
were  sent  them  by  the  Commercial  Club  and  the  reporters  here, 
as  all  along  the  line,  were  out  in  force.  The  World-Herald  said : 
"They  were  a  gentle,  sweet  and  refined  body  of  women,  fit  repre- 
sentatives of  the  women  of  this  great  republic."  At  Cheyenne' 
they  were  met  by  U.  S.  Senator  and  Mrs.  Joseph  M.  Carey  and 
other  eminent  citizens,  and  taken  to  the  Capitol  and  for  a  drive 
about  the  city.  The  entire  trip  was  a  series  of  delightful  experi- 
ences. The  porter  who  accompanied  the  train  said,  "I  ain't  never 
travelled  with  such  a  bunch  of  women  before — ^they  don't  fuss 
with  me  and  they  don't  scrap  with  each  other." 

The  beautiful  journey  along  the  winding  Columbia  River,  in 
view  of  the  many  snow-capped  mountains,  was  made  on  June  27 ; 
a  party  of  ladies  and  several  reporters  went  to  The  Dalles  to  meet 
the  travellers,  and  by  noon  they  were  comfortably  settled  in  the 
Portland  Hotel,  the  convention  headquarters.  None  who  were 
there  will  ever  forget  Miss  Anthony's  deep  admiration  for  the 
snow-crowned  mountain  peaks.    Her  room  commanded  a  full 


[1905]     TRIP  TO  THE  FAR  WEST PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT.  1 363 

view  of  Mt.  Hood  and  she  never  tired  of  gazing  at  that  shining 
summit,  emblem  of  purity,  stability,  eternity.  Her  mind  seemed 
constantly  to  follow  its  grand  upward  reach  into  the  glory  of 
the  infinite. 

Notwithstanding  the  Exposition  was  in  progress  and  conven- 
tions were  a  matter  of  daily  occurrence,  none  of  the  National 
Suffrage  Conventions  ever  had  fuller  or  fairer  reports  in  the 
papers.  Journal  and  Oregonian  vied  with  each  other  in  quantity 
and  quality,  being  stimulated  perhaps  by  the  fact  that  woman 
suffrage  was  to  be  a  political  issue  the  following  year.  The  man- 
agers of  the  Lewis  and  Clarke  Exposition  had  sent  one  of  their 
number,  the  Hon.  Jefferson  Myers,  to  the  last  convention,  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  to  invite  the  association  to  bring  its  next  an- 
nual meeting  to  Oregon  with  a  view  to  opening  a  campaign  in 
the  State  and  had  promised  this  a  cordial  support.  Gov.  George 
E.  Chamberlain  and  Mayor  Harry  Lane,  of  Portland,  welcomed 
the  convention  with  an  unequivocal  endorsement  of  woman  suf- 
frage; and  during  its  sessions  Judges,  members  of  the  school 
board,  prominent  politicians  of  all  parties  and  leading  clergy- 
men of  nearly  all  denominations  give  unqualified  approval  and 
pledges  of  assistance.  All  declared  that  the  State  was  ready  for 
it  and  there  was  no  doubt  that  it  would  receive  a  majority  vote. 

The  Oregonian  thus  began  its  first  report : 

A  band  of  notable  women  grown  in  less  than  forty  years  from  a  score  to 
many  thousands — ^the  National  Woman  Suffrage  Association — ^met  in  its 
Thirty-seventh  Annual  Convention  yesterday  in  the  First  Congregational 
Church.  One  of  the  trio  who  took  up  the  fight  for  woman's  equality  a  half- 
century  ago,  Susan  B.  Anthony,  was  present  and  her  appearance  on  the  plat- 
form was  the  signal  for  a  wild  ovation.  The  large  audience  rose  to  its  feet 
and  cheered  the  pioneer  who  had  done  so  much  for  the  cause  of  equal 
suffrage  and  who  is  still  the  life  of  the  great  work.  At  the  close  of  the  ses- 
sion men  and  women  rushed  forward,  eager  to  clasp  her  honored  hand  and 
pay  her  homage.  There  are  many  famous  delegates  present,  women  whose 
names  are  known  in  every  civilized  nation  on  the  globe,  but  none  shines  with 
the  lustre  which  surrounds  that  of  Susan  B.  Anthony.    .    .    . 

The  response  of  Miss  Anthony  to  the  addresses  of  greeting,  the  event  on 
the  program  which  the  big  church  full  of  people  waited  for,  was  a  pleasant 
surprise.  Reports  have  circulated  around  the  country  that  she  was  feeble  and 
no  longer  able  to  take  an  active  part  in  suffrage  affairs,  but  when  she  spoke 
her  first  words  an  astonished  silence  fell  upon  the  house.  Her  voice  is  more 


1364  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOS] 

vigorous  than  that  of  many  women  half  her  age  and  she  speaks  with  fluency 
and  ease. 

Miss  Anthony  was  quoted  as  beginning  her  address:  "I  am 
delighted  to  see  and  hear  in  this  church  today  the  women  repre- 
sentatives of  the  many  organizations,  and  it  is  in  a  measure  com- 
pensation for  the  half-century  of  toil  which  it  has  been  my  duty 
and  privilege  to  give  to  this  our  common  cause.  The  sessions  of 
this  convention  will  be  treated  by  the  press  of  America  exactly 
as  it  would  treat  any  national  gathering  that  was  representative 
in  character  and  had  an  object  worthy  of  serious  attention.  The 
time  of  universal  scorn  for  equal  suffrage  has  passed,  and  today 
we  have  strong  and  courageous  champions  among  that  sex,  the 
members  of  which  fifty  years  ago  regarded  our  proposals  as  part 
of  an  iconoclasm  which  threatened  the  very  foundation  of  the 
social  fabric.  .  .  .  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  and  I  made  our 
first  fight  for  recognition  of  the  right  of  women  to  speak  in  public 
and  maintain  organizations  among  themselves.  You  who  are 
younger  cannot  realize  the  intensity  of  the  opposition  we  encoun- 
tered. To  maintain  our  position,  we  were  compelled  to  attack  and 
defy  the  deep-seated  and  ingrained  prejudices  bred  into  the  very 
natures  of  men,  and  to  some  of  them  we  were  actually  commit- 
ting a  sin  against  God  and  violating  His  laws.  Gradually,  how- 
ever, the  opposition  has  weakened  until  today  we  meet  far  less 
hostility  to  equal  suffrage  than  then  was  manifested  toward  giv- 
ing women  the  right  of  speaking  in  public  and  organizing  for 
mutual  advantage." 

A  reception  to  enable  the  people  to  meet  Miss  Anthony,  the 
officers  and  delegates,  was  given  in  the  handsome  Oregon  Build- 
ing on  the  grounds  of  the  Exposition  June  30,  which  was  "Wom- 
an's Day."  The  report  said :  "It  was  more  largely  attended  than 
any  event  since  the  opening,  and  Miss  Anthony  stood  for  hours 
shaking  hands  with  the  men  and  women  who  crowded  around 
her,  receiving  such  an  ovation  as  was  never  before  accorded  to 
any  woman  in  Oregon."  The  large  Festival  Hall  was  placed  at 
the  service  of  the  convention  for  its  afternoon  session  that  day. 
Another  most  interesting  occasion  on  the  Exposition  grounds 
was  the  dedication  of  the  beautiful  bronze  statue  of  Sacajawea, 


[1905]     TRIP  TO  THE  FAR  WEST PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT.  1 365 

the  young  Indian  woman  who  guided  the  explorers,  Lewis  and 
Clarke,  through  the  wild  Northwest.  It  was  the  work  of  a 
woman  sculptor,  Miss  Alice  Cooper,  of  Denver.  Space  was  re- 
served for  the  officers  of  the  National  American  Suffrage  As- 
sociation on  the  platform  facing  the  statue,  where  were  seated  the 
president  of  the  Exposition,  Mrs.  Eva  Emery  Dye,  president 
of  the  Sacajawea  Association,  the  mayor,  members  of  the  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Red  Men  and  many  other  prominent  men  and 
women.  The  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw  pronounced  the  invo- 
cation and  the  benediction,  and  Miss  Anthony  made  a  brief 
opening  address  in  which  she  said:  "This  is  the  first  statue 
erected  in  this  country  to  a  woman  because  of  deeds  of  daring. 
.  .  .  This  recognition  of  the  assistance  rendered  by  a  woman 
in  the  discovery  of  this  great  section  of  the  country  is  but  the 
beginning  of  what  is  due.  Next  year  the  men  of  this  proud  State, 
made  possible  by  a  woman,  will  decide  whether  women  shall  at 
last  have  the  rights  in  it  which  have  been  denied  them  so  many 
years.  Let  men  remember  the  part  that  women  have  played  in 
its  settlement  and  progress  and  vote  to  give  them  these  rights 
which  belong  to  every  citizen." 

The  most  noted  of  the  speakers  at  the  convention  were  invited 
to  fill  the  pulpits  of  the  churches  on  Sunday  and  Miss  Anthony 
spoke  in  the  White  Temple,  the  large  Baptist  church,  whose 
pastor,  the  Rev.  J.  Whitcomb  Brougher,  so  warmly  supported 
the  suffrage  movement.  When  she  appeared  on  the  rostrum, 
Sunday  though  it  was,  the  congregation  broke  into  hearty  ap- 
plause, and  inspired  by  their  enthusiasm  she  made  one  of  her  fine 
old-time  addresses.  She  presided  at  the  first  evening  session. 
Miss  Shaw  insisting  upon  it,  and  the  Oregonian  said : 

A  rare  picture  Miss  Anthony  made  in  the  high-backed  oaken  chair,  her 
snowy  hair  puffed  over  her  ears  in  the  olden  fashion,  and  the  collar  of  rose 
point  lace,  which  seems  to  belong  to  dignified  age,  forming  a  lovely  frame 
for  her  gentle  but  determined  face.  When  she  rose  to  call  the  meeting  to 
order  she  was  literally  deluged  with  floral  tributes,  and  drolly  peering  over 
the  heaped-up  flowers  she  said:  "This  is  rather  different  from  the  receptions 
I  used  to  get  fifty  years  ago.  They  threw  things  at  me  then— but  they  were 
not  roses.  There  were  not  epithets  enough  in  Webster's  Unabridged  to  ex- 
press their  feelings.   Things  are  changed  now  and  I  get  flowers  instead  of 


/ 


1366  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1905] 

eggs,  compliments  instead  of  epithets.   I  am  thankful  for  this  change  which 
has  come  over  the  spirit  of  the  American  people. 

Through  Mrs.  Henry  Waldo  Coe,  president  of  the  Or^on 
Suffrage  Association,  and  Mrs.  Sarah  Evans,  chairman  of  the 
Press  Committee,  many  enjoyable  social  functions  were  ar- 
ranged; the  guests  had  drives  about  the  City  of  Roses  in  car- 
riages, automobiles  and  tallyhos,  and  trips  all  too  few  to  the  Ex- 
position, which  sparkled  like  a  great,  beautiful  gem  in  the  most 
exquisite  of  settings.  A  reception  was  given  by  the  Woman's 
Club  in  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  The  New  York  delegation 
gave  a  dinner  in  compliment  to  Miss  Anthony ;  Mrs.  May  Ark- 
wright  Hutton,  of  Idaho,  gave  one  of  thirty  covers  for  Miss 
Anthony  and  Mrs.  Abigail  Scott  Duniway.  Under  the  able  di- 
rection of  Dr.  Annice  Jeffrey  Myers,  Chairman  of  the  Commit- 
tee of  Arrangements,  the  convention  was  a  signal  success  and  she 
was  made  auditor  of  the  National  Association.  Miss  Shaw,  who 
was  receiving  a  large  share  of  the  love  and  loyalty  which  had  so 
long  been  accorded  to  Miss  Anthony,  was  re-elected  president. 
Mrs.  Chapman  Catt,  feeling  unable  to  continue  as  vice-president- 
at-large,  Mrs.  Florence  Kelley  was  chosen  for  this  office. 

From  the  time  it  became  known  that  Miss  Anthony  would  go 
to  Oregon  her  many  friends  in  California  began  to  petition  for  a 
visit  from  her,  which  they  had  never  dared  hope  to  have  again. 
She  loved  the  State  and  its  people  and  joyfully  agreed  to  extend 
her  journey  southward,  especially  pleased  to  do  so  because  it 
would  enable  her  to  accept  another  invitation  which  came  from 
Mrs.  Annie  K.  Bidwell,  of  Chico,  Cal.  After  the  close  of  the 
convention  and  a  few  more  pleasant  days  in  Portland,  Miss  An- 
thony, Miss  Mary  and  Mrs.  Emily  Gross  took  the  train  July  ii. 
They  broke  the  journey  by  staying  over  the  first  night  at  Glen- 
dale;  the  second  at  Shasta  Springs,  part  way  up  the  mountain 
side,  and  the  third  at  Red  Bluffs.  Here  they  boarded  an  early 
train,  arrived  at  Chico  at  half-past  six,  were  met  by  Mrs.  Bidwell 
with  her  carriage  and  soon  were  at  breakfast  in  her  elegant  home, 
the  Mansion.  The  Chico  Ranch  of  Gen.  John  Bidwell,  originally 
comprising  25,000  acres,  became  known  throughout  the  country 


[1905]     TRIP  TO  THE  FAR  WEST PRESmENT  ROOSEVELT.  1 367 

at  the  time  he  was  the  Prohibition  candidate  for  President,  and 
the  house  and  grounds  are  among  the  most  noted  in  'a  State 
famed  for  beautiful  homes.  Mrs.  Bidwell  retained  and  man- 
aged much  of  the  ranch  after  his  death  and  was  now  about  to 
present  to  the  town  for  a  park  nearly  2,000  acres,  comprising 
some  of  its  most  picturesque  scenery.  She  had  long  known  and 
loved  Miss  Anthony  and  had  arranged  to  make  the  presentation 
when  she  could  be  assisted  by  her  at  the  ceremonies.  These  took 
place  on  a  lovely  summer  evening,  with  all  the  villagers  gathered 
under  the  stately  elms  and  pines  on  the  lawn  in  front  of  the  wide 
veranda  where  sat  the  minister,  the  official  representatives  of  the 
town,  Mrs.  Bidwell  and  her  Eastern  visitors.  The  Chico  Record 
thus  reported : 

After  the  invocation  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  called  to  the  front,  and, 
in  magnificent  voice  for  one  bearing  the  burden  of  eighty-five  years  of 
strenuous  life,  made  a  short  speech  which  held  her  audience  captive.  She 
mentioned  the  fact  that  in  1848,  six  years  after  General  Bidwell  had  come  to 
California  and  acquired  this  beautiful  grant,  the  first  convention  was  held 
which  was  the  initiative  of  the  movement  for  the  rights  of  women  that  has 
continued  with  increasing  magnitude  up  to  the  present  time;  one  of  the  re- 
sults of  this  had  been  to  make  it  possible  for  Mrs.  Bidwell  to  become  pos- 
sessor of  the  immense  estate  which  had  been  dedicated  to  public  good,  as 
before  that  time  property  rights  rested  only  in  the  masculine  sex.  Miss  An- 
thony urged  all  within  sound  of  her  voice  to  give  assistance  to  the  move- 
ment as  offering  a  means  for  the  betterment  of  society  and  the  nation,  and 
cited  the  domestic  and  public  life  of  General  and  Mrs.  Bidwell  as  an  instance 
of  the  value  to  the  community  and  the  world  of  the  just  recognition  of  mutual 
rights.  Her  closing  was  marked  by  enthusiastic  applause. 

An  eloquent  oration  was  pronounced  by  Mrs.  Bidwell's  at- 
torney, J.  D.  Sproul,  and  then  she  herself  in  touching  language 
conveyed  this  splendid  gift  to  the  people  among  whom  she  had 
lived  for  almost  forty  years.  In  charging  them  to  be  faithful 
to  the  trust  and  careful  in  choosing  the  officials  who  would  ad- 
minister it,  she  said : 

I  hope  the  day  is  near  when  women  will  have  a  legal  right  through  suffrage 
to  co-operate  in  its  management,  as  also  in  the  management  of  all  which 
concerns  our  race.  There  are  gifts  greater  than  parks,  gifts  such  as  our 
Lord  gave— the  gift  of  one's  life,  amidst  scorn  and  persecution,  for  the  bet- 
terment of  humanity.  We  have  the  great  privilege  and  honor  of  having  with 
Ant.  Ill— 17 


1368  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1905] 

US  this  evening  one  who  has  broken  the  alabaster  box  of  her  life  and  poured 
out  its  rich  treasure  for  us — ^men,  women  and  children — for  all  rise  or  fall 
with  woman.  She  has  opened  the  door  of  education  to  woman;  has  broken 
bonds  which  have  cruelly  bound  her,  and  now  from  being  the  crucified,  she 
has  risen  to  the  crown  with  which  the  good  of  all  nations  have  crowned  her, 
Kings  and  Queens  also  delighting  to  honor  her,  our  beloved  Susan  B.  An- 
thony. "Give  her  of  the  fruit  of  her  hands  and  let  her  own  works  praise  her 
in  the  gates." 

Could  General  Bid  well  have  been  here  tonight,  he  would  have  rejoiced  to 
honor  her,  and  to  tell  you  how  he  admired  and  revered  her  from  his  earliest 
knowledge  of  her  work. 

The  ladies  lingered  for  almost  a  week,  walking  among  the 
groves  and  hedges  of  magnolias,  oleanders  and  rhododendrons, 
driving  over  the  five  miles  of  roads  in  the  grounds  around  the 
house  and  once  the  whole  length  of  the  ranch,  eighteen  miles, 
through  the  orchards  of  fruits,  olives  and  almonds.  Miss  An- 
thony was  invited  to  speak  in  several  of  the  influential  churches 
of  Chico,  but  declined  and  went  to  the  church  and  Sunday-school 
of  a  hundred  Indians  which  Mrs.  Bidwell  maintained,  spoke  to 
them  and  took  each  by  the  hand.  The  reporter  from  the  Sacra- 
mento Bee  came  over  and  got  an  interview  which  filled  a  page^ 
and  the  Chico  papers  had  columns.  At  last  a  reluctant  good-by 
was  said  and  the  travellers  continued  their  journey. 

While  in  San  Francisco,  Miss  Anthony  was  a  guest  in  the 
home  of  Mrs.  Ellen  Clark  Sargent  on  Van  Ness  Avenue.  Mrs. 
Mary  S.  Sperry  was  there  awaiting  them  with  eighty-five  big 
pink  carnations  from  the  Susan  B.  Anthony  Club.  Miss  Shaw 
who  had  stopped  on  the  way  for  several  lectures,  soon  joined 
them,  and  on  July  21,  a  large  reception  was  given  at  the  Hotel 
Sequoia  by  the  various  suffrage  societies,  attended  by  1,600  rep- 
resentative people.  Among  other  floral  offerings  eighty-five  La 
France  roses  were  presented  to  Miss  Anthony.  The  next  even- 
ing a  meeting  was  held  in  the  Unitarian  Church  at  Oakland  and 
hundreds  were  turned  away  for  lack  of  room.  Here  for  two 
days  they  were  the  guests  of  Mrs.  Emma  Shafter  Howard  and 
had  some  interesting  drives  about  that  city  and  its  beautiful  en- 
virons, and  through  the  lovely  college  town  of  Berkeley,  where 
a  luncheon  and  reception  were  given  for  them  at  Qoyne  Court. 
About  seventy  callers  were  received  in  one  day  while  in  Oakland. 


[1905]    TRIP  TO  THE  FAR  WEST PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT.  1 369 

They  returned  to  San  Francisco  for  a  large  dinner  party  given 
for  them  by  Mrs.  Mary  Wood  Swift,  president  of  the  National 
Council  of  Women,  in  her  handsome  home  filled  with  rare  objects 
from  all  parts  of  the  world.  Mrs.  Sperry,  president  of  the  State 
Suffrage  Association,  and  Mrs.  Isabel  A.  Baldwin,  president  of 
the  Susan  B.  Anthony  Club,  were  among  the  luncheon  hostesses. 

Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Mary  visited  the  home  of  their  niece, 
Mrs.  Maude  Anthony  Koehler,  at  the  Presidio,  and  enjoyed  the 
noted  drive  through  Golden  Gate  Park,  past  the  Cliff  House  and 
over  the  heights  looking  out  upon  one  of  the  fairest  views  in  the 
world.  Miss  Anthony  managed  to  find  time  to  give  a  few  sit- 
tings for  the  large  portrait  afterwards  made  by  the  well-known 
artist,  Wm.  A.  Keith.  On  the  24th,  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Equal  Suffrage  League,  a  mass  meeting  was  held  in  the  Al- 
hambra  Theatre,  where,  in  an  exquisite  stage  setting  of  palms, 
ferns  and  flowers,  a  San  Francisco  audience  looked  for  the  last 
time  into  the  face  of  Miss  Anthony  and  listened  for  the  last  time 
to  that  voice  which,  the  Call  said,  *'was  clear  and  resonant,  as 
she  marshalled  the  battles  of  the  past  before  her  in  review." 

After  nine  days  filled  to  overflowing  with  every  phase  of  hos- 
pitality, the  journey  was  resumed.  At  San  Jose  about  forty 
women,  representing  all  the  towns  in  Santa  Clara  Valley,  were 
at  the  station  with  a  large  basket  of  peaches,  plums  and  nec- 
tarines and  great  bouquets  of  roses  and  carnations.  The  train  was 
held  while  Miss  Anthony  went  to  the  station  platform  and  made  a 
tender  and  loving  acknowledgment.  After  resting  for  a  day  and 
night  at  the  Hotel  Potter  in  Santa  Barbara  they  reached  Los  An- 
geles July  27.  They  were  the  guests  of  Mrs.  Charlotte  Wills,  ex- 
cept Miss  Mary  who  stayed  with  Mrs.  Caroline  M.  Severance  in 
her  lovely  cottage  embowered  in  vines  and  flowers.  The  next 
day  a  reception  long-to-be-remembered  was  held  in  the  large, 
attractive  house  of  the  Woman's  Club.  The  Times  thus  began  its 
inscription : 

It  was  a  great  array  of  clubwomen  that  gathered  yesterday  afternoon  to 
bid  welcome  to  the  distinguished  visitors,  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  the 
Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw.  The  clubhouse  bloomed  with  fair  women  and 
flowers.   Over  the  platform  where  sat  the  guests  of  honor  and  the  reception 


1370  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1905] 

committee  was  a  bower  of  blossoms.  Yucca  bells  tinkled  lighdy  overhead 
and  among  nests  of  greenery  white  lilies  grew.  Through  all  the  rooms  was 
wafted  the  fragrance  of  many  flowers.  There  must  have  been  nearly  a  thou- 
sand present  during  the  afternoon,  and  when  they  had  greeted  their  hostesses 
and  met  the  guests  of  honor  and  everybody  was  comfortably  settled  Miss 
Anthony  was  eagerly  pressed  to  speak  to  them.  "Really,"  she  said,  "I  hadn't 
expected  to  say  a  word  but  I  suppose  you  will  all  be  disappointed  if  I  don't 
say  something  about  suffrage,  always  the  subject  nearest  my  heart."  .  .  . 
After  her  little  talk  there  were  calls  for  Miss  Shaw,  who  gracefully  responded. 

They  had  reached  Los  Angeles  just  at  the  time  when  the 
woman  librarian,  who  had  given  entirely  satisfactory  service, 
was  about  to  be  replaced  by  a  man  for  purely  political  reasons, 
and  they  had  been  earnestly  urged  to  attend  a  public  indignaticm 
meeting  held  the  evening  of  their  arrival.  This  they  had  done 
to  the  great  annoyance  of  the  politicians.  The  hearing  was  such 
a  farce  and  travesty  on  justice  that  their  addresses  before  the 
club  were  largely  devoted  to  this  subject  which  they  used  to 
show  the  helplessness  of  women  without  political  power,  and 
those  present  could  not  have  had  a  more  potent  object  lesson. 

On  Sunday  all  went  to  Venice,  the  famous  seaside  resort, 
where,  in  the  big  auditorium  built  on  piles  out  in  the  ocean, 
Miss  Shaw  gave  a  most  eloquent  sermon  before  a  large  audience 
on  the  Influence  on  Woman  of  the  Religions  of  the  Past.  Tues- 
day they  returned  to  Venice,  which  was  of  the  nature  of  Chau- 
tauqua, and  the  day  was  given  to  the  County  Equal  Suffrage 
League.  The  Los  Angeles  Herald  commenced  its  long  report  as 
follows : 

Equal  Suffrage  Day  attracted  3»S«>  people  to  Venice.  The  Rev.  B.  Fay 
Mills,  president  of  the  Assembly,  made  a  brief  address  of  welcome  and  then 
Mrs.  Bertha  Hirsch  Baruch  introduced  Miss  Anthony.  When  the  famous 
suffrage  leader  stepped  forward,  she  was  received  with  applause  so  long  and 
enthusiastic  that  she  was  forced  to  wait  several  minutes  before  she  could  be 
heard.  In  tones  strong  and  clear  as  of  old,  Miss  Anthony  begao  to  speak  of 
the  first  convention  in  which  woman  raised  her  voice  for  equal  rights,  and 
in  short,  crisp  sentences  told  of  the  progress  that  has  been  made  since  then. 
A  suffrage  symposium  followed  during  which  Mrs.  Severance  and  Mrs.  Re- 
becca H.  Spring  made  brief  addresses.  The  latter  showed  a  remarkable  mem- 
ory for  one  of  her  age  and  recited  several  stirring  poems.^  Afterwards  Miss 

I  While  in  Los  Angeles  Miss  Anthony,  aged  eighty-five;  Mrs.  Severance,  eighty-five, 
tnd  Mrs.  spring,  ninety-five,  had  a  group  photograph  taken.  Mrs.  Severance  and  Mrs. 
Spring  were  pioneer  suffrage  workers  in  the  East  contemporary  with  Miss  Anthony. 


[1905]     TRIP  TO  THE  FAR  WEST — PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT.  I37I 

Shaw  opened  the  "question  box"  and  answered  all  sorts  of  pertinent  and  im- 
pertinent questions  sent  to  her  on  slips  of  paper,  and  with  caustic  wit  and 
brilliant  repartee  vanquished  all  the  "unconvinced."  In  the  evening  she  gave 
her  incomparable  lecture  on  The  New  Man.    .    .    . 

Before  the  meeting  a  luncheon  was  given  for  Miss  Anthony 
and  the  other  guests  by  Mrs.  Charles  F.  Joy,  wife  of  the  mem- 
ber of  Congress  from  Missouri.  Between  the  afternoon  and 
evening  meetings  the  Southern  California  Women's  Press  Qub 
gave  a  "high  tea"  on  board  the  Cabrillo,  a  reproduction  of  a 
Spanish  vessel  used  as  a  restaurant.  The  president  of  the  club 
said  in  her  opening  remarks  that  this  was  an  English  "tea,** 
served  on  a  Spanish  ship  by  Italian  waiters  to  American  women. 
The  one  male  speaker,  after  a  few  desultory  remarks,  launched 
forth  into  a  eulogy  of  the  "beautiful  faces"  before  him.  When 
Miss  Anthony  arose  she  began  by  sa3ring  that  "sensible  women 
would  be  better  pleased  if  men  would  praise  their  intellect  instead 
of  their  physical  charms,  would  try  to  find  beauty  in  their  minds 
instead  of  their  faces !" 

While  in  Los  Angeles  Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Shaw  were 
visited  by  the  secretary  of  the  Laundry  Workers'  Association, 
Miss  Celia  Coyle,  who  wished  to  consult  them  in  regard  to  the 
movement  for  a  nine-hour  day.  Both  women  thought  even  that 
was  too  long;  they  gave  her  much  sympathy  and  encouragement 
and  many  helpful  suggestions ;  and,  as  she  left,  Miss  Anthony  put 
an  arm  around  her,  patted  her  on  the  shoulder  and  urged  her  to 
continue  the  fight  till  the  point  was  won.  "We  are  heartily  in 
favor  of  women's  trades  unions,"  were  Miss  Anthony's  last 
words  to  her,  "but  you'll  never  get  full  justice  till  you  have  the 
ballot.'* 

Their  hostess,  Mrs.  Wills,  gave  a  large  farewell  reception  at 
her  handsomely-appointed  home  on  one  of  the  highest  elevations 
of  this  city  of  hills.  An  approach  by  inclined  railway  is  called 
"the  angels'  flight,"  and  the  winding  drives  command  a  glorious 
view  of  sea  and  mountains. 

The  long  journey  eastward  via  the  Santa  Fe  commenced  the 
morning  of  August  2,  and  for  those  who  have  travelled  through 
Arizona  and  New  Mexico  in  midsummer  no  description  is  neces- 


1372  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1905] 

sary.  The  snow  caps  of  the  mountains  were  seen  in  the  far  dis- 
tance and  Miss  Anthony  exclaimed  longingly,  "Oh,  for  a  drink 
of  the  delicious,  cold  water  that  is  flowing  down  Mt.  Shasta!" 
The  dirty,  degraded  Indians  swarmed  about  the  stations  and  she 
said,  "Treat  them  well;  the  Government  has  made  them  our 
superiors."  Finally  they  entered  Kansas  and  she  ejaculated, 
"Well,  even  a  good  growth  of  weeds  is  refreshing!"  and  all  day 
the  two  sisters  feasted  their  eyes  on  the  broad  fields  of  com, 
wheat  and  alfalfa.  They  reached  Leavenworth  Saturday  evening 
and  were  warmly  welcomed  into  the  home  now  visited  for  the 
first  time  since  the  death  of  the  much  loved  brother.  It  was  a 
hard  experience  for  them  and  Miss  Mary  wrote  to  one  who  was 
very  near  to  her:  "The  house  seems  so  quiet  and  lonely;  no 
brother  with  cordial  greetings,  always  willing  and  glad  to  do 
everything  possible  for  us  when  here  for  nearly  fifty  years.  His 
hat  hangs  on  the  rack  in  the  front  hall  and  it  seems  every 
moment  as  if  he  would  come  in.  We  visited  the  cemetery  today 
where  he  rests  beneath  the  vines  and  flowers  which  Sister  Annie 
constantly  supplies,  but  it  seems  so  strange  that  the  strong, 
energetic,  fearless  man  lies  there  so  helpless  and  still."  And 
Miss  Anthony  said  in  her  diary  Simday  evening :  "We  have  just 
come  from  Mt.  Muncie ;  half  of  our  family  sleep  there  now  and 
half  in  Mt.  Hope,  where  Sister  Mary  and  I  must  soon  be  laid." 

The  air  was  cool  and  pleasant,  the  house  very  comfortable,  the 
long  drives  stimulating,  and  after  a  few  days,  rested  and  re- 
freshed, they  continued  on  their  way.  The  little  record  which 
Miss  Mary  kept  of  this  summer  closed  thus :  "Arrived  home  the 
morning  of  August  lo,  and,  although  we  have  spent  the  seven 
weeks  and  two  days  as  pleasantly  and  profitably  as  on  any  trip 
we  have  ever  taken,  we  rejoiced  to  be  once  more  in  our  own 
home,  which  our  good  housekeeper,  Carrie  Bahl,  had  put  in  such 
fine  order  that  we  appreciated  it  even  more  than  ever  before." 

Miss  Anthony  was  at  home  just  five  days  and  then  went  for 
her  annual  visit  of  a  week  at  Lily  Dale.  Miss  Shaw  joined  her 
there  and  lectured  nearly  every  day.  As  usual  nowadays  Miss 
Anthony  made  only  brief  remarks,  but  the  audiences  were  satis- 
fied if  she  would  sit  on  the  platform  and  let  them  look  into  her 


[1905]    TRIP  TO  THE  FAR  WEST — PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT.  1 373 

face  and  afterwards  take  her  by  the  hand.  When  a  crowd  was 
around  her  women  often  were  seen  timidly  pressing  close  enough 
just  to  touch  her  dress.  On  the  way  to  Lily  Dale  she  left  a  hand- 
some wrap  in  the  railway  car  and  all  efforts  failed  to  find  it 
An  entry  in  the  diary  said :  "Mrs.  Gross  gave  it  to  me  ten  years 
ago,  but  I'd  just  had  a  new  lining  put  in  and  it  was  good  as  new. 
I  carried  that  cape  twice  all  over  Europe  and  this  stunmer  across 
the  continent  and  back,  and  never  left  it  anywhere  before,  but 
now  it  is  gone,  hook  and  line."  Mrs.  Pettengill,  president  of  the 
Assembly,  replaced  it  with  one  equally  handsome. 

A  number  of  Miss  Anthony's  relatives  visited  her  during  the 
early  autumn,  as  they  were  passing  from  East  to  West  or  back 
again,  and  this  was,  as  always,  a  pleasure  to  her.  She  gave  them 
the  old-fashioned  "chicken  dinners,"  and  drove  with  them  out  the 
Chili  Road  to  the  old  home  farm,  and  to  Mt  Hope  cemetery, 
which  was  to  her  just  the  same  as  one  of  the  homes  where  the 
family  had  at  some  time  lived.  She  was  terribly  shocked  and 
grieved  to  receive  a  message  on  October  8  announcing  the  death 
of  Mr.  George  W.  Catt,  only  forty-five  years  of  age  and  a  few 
days  before  in  perfect  health.  In  addition  to  her  high  regard 
for  him  as  a  personal  friend,  she  mourned  him  as  an  earnest  sup- 
porter of  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage  and  as  an  ideal  husband 
who  had  loyally  sustained  his  wife,  Mrs.  Carrie  Chapman  Catt, 
in  her  years  of  service  as  an  officer  of  the  National  Association. 
In  every  possible  way  she  expressed  her  sympathy  for  the  one  so 
sadly  bereaved. 

The  New  York  Suffrage  Association  this  year  held  its  con- 
vention in  Rochester,  October  24-26,  and  as  all  the  members  were 
desirous  of  visiting  the  home  city  of  Miss  Anthony  there  was  a 
large  attendance,  and,  in  the  words  of  the  Union  and  Advertiser, 
"the  enthusiasm  was  unprecedented  in  the  history  of  State  gather- 
ings." That  paper  said  of  the  opening  session:  "The  official 
badge  of  the  convention  is  in  the  form  of  a  souvenir,  the  ribbon 
of  yellow — ^the  suffrage  color — ^having  on  it  a  picture  of  Miss 
Anthony  and  her  favorite  motto,  Terfect  Equality  of  Rights  for 
Women.'  Miss  Anthony  was  distinctly  the  honored  guest  and 
when  she  rose  to  speak  the  applause  was  hearty  and  prolonged.'* 


1374  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [l90S] 

Mr.  James  G.  Cutler,  mayor  of  the  city,  presented  Miss  An- 
thony with  a  large  cluster  of  American  Beauty  roses,  and  in  the 
course  of  his  address  of  welcome  said :  "It  will  not,  I  am  sure, 
be  considered  as  invidious  if  I  refer  to  that  distinguished  woman 
who  is  deservedly  regarded  as  one  of  the  first  citizens  of  Roch- 
ester, and  whose  personal  influence  in  stimulating  and  encourag- 
ing the  useful  activities  of  her  sex  in  matters  of  public  interest  has 
made  her  name  known  wherever  there  are  civilization  and  culture 
over  all  the  face  of  the  earth.  I  esteem  it  a  privilege,  in  this  pres- 
ence and  at  this  time,  to  pay  my  personal  tribute  of  profound 
respect  and  admiration  to  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony." 

Throughout  the  meetings  Miss  Anthony  took  the  liveliest  in- 
terest in  all  the  proceedings.  She  singled  out  from  the  audience 
five  women,  including  her  sister,  called  them  to  the  platform  and 
exclaimed,  "Just  think  they  were  at  that  first  Woman's  Rights 
Convention  in  this  very  city  fifty-seven  years  ago  1"  Several  per- 
sons said  they  would  take  a  life  membership  if  she  would  put  her 
name  on  the  certificate.  "Yes,  I'll  write  my  name  on  a  thousand 
if  that  will  have  any  effect,"  she  answered.  A  large  number  of 
women  took  annual  memberships  for  the  little  ones  of  their 
family  and  she  drily  remarked,  "The  suffragists  seem  to  have  a 
great  many  children  and  grandchildren."  One  little  Jewish  news- 
boy came  up  with  a  radiant  face  to  bring  her  a  btmch  of  "pinks" 
and  tell  her  he  thought  women  had  a  right  to  vote.  Arrange- 
ments for  the  business  and  pleasure  of  the  meetings  were  under 
the  able  direction  of  Mrs.  Emma  B.  Sweet,  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee. A  large  reception  was  given  at  Powers  Hotel,  and  one 
of  the  most  enjoyable  social  features  was  the  afternoon  spent  at 
the  Anthony  home.* 

The  day  following  the  convention  Miss  Anthony,  Miss  Shaw 
and  Miss  Lucy  went  to  the  summer  home  of  Mrs.  Lydia  Coonley 
Ward  at  Wyoming,  N.  Y.,  to  help  celebrate  the  eighty-seventh 

*In  preparing  for  this  gathering  Miss  Anthony  said  to  her  niece  Lucy:  "Now  those 
women  may  not  have  time  to  get  their  supper  before  the  evening  meeting  and  I  want 
substantial  refreshments  for  them.  We  will  have  hot  rolls,  chicken  salad,  coffee  and  ice 
cream."  "O,"  said  Lucy,  "we  can  never  manage  all  that  for  so  many."  "There  won't 
be  many,  not  more  than  forty  or  fifty."  answered  Miss  Anthony.  She  was  finally  per- 
suaded to  compromise  and  it  proved  necessary  to  make  ten  gallons  of  tea  to  serve  th« 
guests. 


[1905]     TRIP  TO  THE  FAR  WEST PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT.  1 375 

birthday  of  her  mother,  Mrs.  Susan  Look  Avery,  one  of  Miss 
Anthony's  old  and  cherished  friends  and  a  staunch  advocate  of 
woman  suffrage.  On  November  i.  Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Mary 
went  for  two  days  with  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Smith  Miller  and  her 
daughter  Anne,  in  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  to  have  a  visit  with  their 
guest.  Captain  John  Robinson,  of  the  Atlantic  Transport  Line, 
with  whom  all  had  crossed  the  ocean  at  various  times. 

Miss  Anthony  had  notified  President  Roosevelt  that  after  he 
was  re-elected  she  should  call  upon  him,  as  has  been  described, 
but,  although  that  event  had  taken  place  a  year  ago,  she  had  thus 
[far  been  too  much  occupied.  At  the  Portland  convention  it  had 
been  decided  that  he  should  be  interviewed  regarding  his  present 
attitude  toward  woman  suffrage  and  an  effort  made  to  ascertain 
whether  there  could  be  hope  of  a  favorable  expression  or  any  as- 
sistance from  him.  The  fall  elections  took  place  November  7, 
and,  feeling  that  his  mind  should  now  be  at  rest  concerning  po- 
litical  issues.  Miss  Anthony  took  the  train  for  Washington,  No- 
vember II.  Through  Private  Secretary  William  Loeb,  Jr.,  an 
interview  was  arranged  for  the  morning  of  the  15th,  and  at 
eleven  o'clock  Miss  Anthony,  Mrs.  Harriet  Taylor  Upton  and  the 
present  writer  went  to  the  White  House.  They  were  not  re- 
quired to  sit  in  the  general  waiting  room  but  were  invited  into  the 
large  office  of  the  secretary  and  after  some  delay  were  ushered 
into  the  Cabinet  room.  President  Roosevelt  was  most  cordial, 
expressed  pleasure  at  meeting  Miss  Anthony,  drew  the  chairs 
into  a  group  and  conversed  for  half-an-hour  while  eminent  and 
impatient  men  waited  on  the  outside.  Miss  Anthony  acted  as 
spokesman,  the  others  saying  only  a  few  words  when  neces- 
sary. A  memorandum  of  the  following  points  had  been  made 
which  she  held  in  her  hand :  i.  Ask  him  to  mention  woman  suf- 
frage in  his  speeches  when  practicable.  To  this  the  President  said 
he  almost  always  mentioned  women  in  his  speeches.  "Yes,"  he 
was  answered,  "as  wives,  as  mothers,  as  wage-earners,  but  never 
with  any  reference  to  their  political  rights."  2.  Put  experienced 
women  on  boards  and  commissions  relating  to  such  matters  as 
they  would  be  competent  to  pass  upon.  He  seemed  favorable  to 
this  idea.   3.    Recommend  to  Congress  a  special  commission  to 


1376  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOS] 

/investigate  the  practical  working  of  woman  suffrage  where  it 
;  exists.   This  request  he  asked  to  have  more  specifically  stated  in 
/   writing.   4.   Call  the  President's  attention  to  the  action  of  Con- 
/    gress  in  forbidding  the  Legislature  of  Hawaii  to  extend  the  suf- 
;     frage  to  women,  a  right  which  every  other  Territory  possesses. 
[     Ask  him  to  see  that  this  outrage  is  not  repeated  in  the  Philip- 
pines.  At  this  point  he  exclaimed  with  scorn,  "What !   Give  the 
franchise  to  those  Oriental  women!"    He  was  reminded  of  the 
declaration  of  Governor  Taft  and  Archbishop  Nozaleda,  of  the 
Philippines,  before  the  Senate  Committee,  that  "if  the  suffrage 
were  given  to  any  of  the  Filipinos  it  should  be  to  the  women,  as 
they  were  better  fitted  for  it  in  every  way."  He  seemed  amazed 
1    and  gave  permission  that  this  testimony  might  be  sent  him, 

promising  to  examine  it. 
(      To  the  fifth  point,  that  he  would  say  a  word  that  would  help 
j  the  approaching  campaign  for  woman  suffrage  in  Oregon,  the 
.:   President  said  he  never  interfered  in  State  issues.   To  the  sixth, 
'    that  he  would  speak  at  the  suffrage  convention  in  Baltimore,  as 
he  did  at  the  recent  Mothers'  Congress,  or  would  at  least  write 
a  letter,  he  answered  that  any  more  speaking  engagements  were 
impossible,  and  as  regarded  the  letter  his  attention  should  be 
called  to  it  later.  Then,  with  intense  feeling.  Miss  Anthony  said : 
"Mr.  Roosevelt,  this  is  my  principal  request — ^it  is  almost  the 
last  request  I  shall  ever  make  of  anybody.   Before  you  leave  the 
presidential  chair,  recommend  Congress  to  submit  to  the  Legis- 
latures  a    Constitutional   Amendment   which    will   enfranchise 
women,  and  thus  take  your  place  in  history  with  Lincoln,  the 
great  emancipator.   I  beg  of  you  not  to  close  your  term  of  office 
without  doing  this."   Then  struck  by  a  sudden  impulse  she  laid 
her  hand  on  his  arm  and  exclaimed  earnestly,  "And  I  hope  you 
will  not  be  a  candidate  for  the  office  again!"    Her  two  com- 
panions were  aghast,  but  the  President  answered  with  all  serious- 
ness, "Miss  Anthony,  I  have  not  the  slightest  intention  of  doing 
so."  He  did  not,  however,  commit  himself  in  the  smallest  degree 
[  on  her  request.  As  they  rose,  the  writer,  determined  to  get  some 
'  expression  from  him,  said :   "Mr.  President,  your  influence  is  so 
great  that  just  one  word  from  you  in  favor  of  woman  suffrage 


Copyright,  J.  E.  Hale. 

ELIZABETH  SMITH  MILLER,  83. 

MARY  S.  ANTHONY.  78. 

SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY,  85. 


[1905]     TRIP  TO  THE  FAR  WEST PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT.  1 377 

would  give  our  cause  a  tremendous  impetus."  "The  public 
knows  my  attitude,"  he  replied.  "I  recommended  it  when  Gov- 
ernor of  New  York."  "True,"  she  persisted,  "but  that  was  a 
long  time  ago.  Our  enemies  say  that  was  the  opinion  of  your 
younger  years  and  that  since  you  have  been  President  you  never 
have  uttered  one  word  that  could  be  construed  as  an  endorse- 
ment." "They  have  no  cause  to  think  I  have  changed  my  mind," 
was  his  final  sentence,  as  he  shook  hands  again  and  said  a  pleas- 
ant good-by  to  Miss  Anthony. 

The  ladies  knew  that  a  crowd  of  reporters  were  waiting  on  the 
outside  and  agreed  among  themselves  to  give  no  intimation  of 
what  had  been  talked  about.  They  gathered  about  Miss  Anthony 
but  she  said  with  great  dignity,  "We  did  not  call  on  the  Presi- 
dent as  women  but  as  American  citizens,  and  as  such  we  were 
graciously  received,"  and  not  another  word  could  they  get.  It 
was  the  only  time  in  her  life  that  she  resisted  the  temptatioil  of 
a  reporter.  The  three  returned  to  the  Shoreham  and  prepared 
the  following  letter : 

Dear  Mr.  President:  During  the  interview  which  you  so  kindly  accorded 
us  this  morning,  you  requested  that  we  put  into  writing  our  idea  as  to  the 
functions  of  the  Special  Commission  from  Congress  which  we  requested  you 
to  use  your  influence  in  having  appointed. 

We  would  have  this  Commission  thoroughly  investigate  the  practical  work- 
ings of  Woman  Suffrage  in  Wyoming,  Colorado,  Idaho  and  Utah;  also,  if 
possible,  in  New  Zealand  and  Australia.  In  all  of  these  places  women  have 
the  complete  franchise  on  exactly  the  same  terms  as  men.  We  would  like 
this  investigation  to  consider  its  effects  on  political,  legal,  civil,  educational, 
industrial,  social  and  domestic  conditions;  its  effects  on  marriage,  divorce, 
so-called  "race-suicide,''  child  labor,  pauperism,  gambling,  intemperance  and 
prostitution.  In  other  words,  ascertain  what  effect  has  the  possession  of  the 
ballot  by  women  on  the  State,  the  Church,  the  home  and  the  women  them- 
selves. 

We  venture  to  express  the  hope,  Mr.  President,  that  should  this  Commis- 
sion be  appointed  it  will  not  be  composed  of  members  put  thereon  simply 
as  a  compliment  to  them,  and  because  a  place  could  not  be  found  for  them 
elsewhere;  or  of  those  who  are  known  to  be  unconvertibly  opposed  to 
suffrage  for  women.  We  ask  that  it  may  be  composed  of  those  who  will  carry 
into  this  investigation  judicial  and  impartial  minds  and  will  make  a  report 
which  will  be  absolutely  free  from  partisan  bias.  We  would  wish  this  to  be 
a  personal  investigation,  made  by  this  Commission  in  the  four  above  named 
States  on  unimpeachable  evidence.  Such  evidence  could  be  secured  from 
New  Zealand  and  Australia  through  their  Premiers,  their  Members  of  Par- 


1378  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQOS] 

liament,  their  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  the  Presidents  of  their  Uni- 
versities and  others  whose  testimony  wotild  have  equal  weight 

In  this  letter  were  inclosed  pages  346-348,  from  Volume  IV, 
History  of  Woman  Suffrage,  giving  the  official  record  of  the  tes- 
timony of  Governor  Taft  and  Archbishop  Nozaleda  as  referred 
to,  and  the  action  of  the  Congressional  Committee  in  regard  to 
woman  suffrage  in  Hawaii  against  the  orotest  of  President  Dole 
and  Supreme  Justice  Freer.    These  were  sent  with  a  note  to 
Secretary  Loeb  saying  they  had  been  requested,  and  he  answered 
that  they  would  be  placed  in  the  President's  hands. 
^     From  that  time  imtil  the  present — ^two  years — there  has  not 
;  been  a  word  or  an  act  of  President  Roosevelt's  as  a  result  of  this 
effort,  and  with  a  presidential  campaign  now  at  hand  it  is  not 
likely  that  he  will  make  any  appointments  of  women,  recom- 
\    mendations  of  measures  for  woman  suffrage  or  declarations  in 
/    favor  of  a  class  who  are  wholly  without  a  voice  in  politics.  There 
/    is  scarcely  one  other  great  measure  of  reform,  hardly  another 
question  of  human  rights,  for  which  he  has  not  fotmd  oppor- 
ttmity  to  use  his  dominating  influence  during  the  six  years  of  his 
presidency,  and,  while  it  would  not  be  fair  to  attribute  ulterior 
motives,  the  fact  must  be  recognized  that  behind  all  of  them 
except  woman  suffrage  lies  more  or  less  political  power. 

Miss  Anthony  went  from  Washington  to  Mt.  Airy  for  a 
visit  to  Miss  Shaw,  and  while  there  they  accepted  an  invitation 
from  President  M.  Carey  Thomas  to  come  to  Br3m  Mawr  Col- 
lege and  inspect  the  magnificent  new  library  and  dormitory  just 
completed.  They  had  a  delightful  time  with  Miss  Thomas  and 
Miss  Mary  E.  Garrett,  and  the  entry  in  the  diary  that  evening 
spoke  of  it  and  said,  "The  day  was  not  overly  hard."  The  next 
morning,  as  Miss  Anthony  afterwards  described  it,  "I  fainted 
away  and  was  nothing;  it  seemed  as  if  all  the  hold-together 
muscles  just  let  go."  For  ten  days  she  was  entirely  prostrated 
and  under  the  care  of  Miss  Shaw's  physician,  Dr.  Jennie  Medley. 
Her  sister  Mary  came  with  her  skilful  ministrations  and  Miss 
Anthony  slowly  recovered,  but  she  was  not  able  to  go  down- 
stairs for  Thanksgiving  dinner.  There  was  no  prostration  of  her 
will-power,  however,  as  a  little  incident  showed.  Her  sister-in- 
law  wrote  from  Kansas  that  she  was  coming  East  and  would  stop 


[1905]     TRIP  TO  THE  FAR  WEST PRESIDENT  ROOSEVELT.  1 379 

over  at  Rochester  on  a  certain  date.  Feeling  that  it  would  be  im- 
possible for  Miss  Anthony  to  go  home,  Miss  Lucy  sent  her  aunt 
a  letter  suggesting  that  she  continue  her  journey  on  to  New 
York  and  make  her  visit  in  Rochester  as  she  returned.  When 
Miss  Anthony  learned  of  this  she  instantly  sent  the  nurse  to  the 
office  with  a  telegram  telling  her  not  to  change  her  plans,  and, 
with  a  good  deal  of  help,  she  dressed,  got  to  the  train  and  went 
home.  Apparently  no  ill  effects  resulted.  She  always  recovered 
as  quickly  as  she  became  ill  and  never  yielded  to  illness  a  mo- 
ment longer  than  she  was  literally  forced  to  do. 

The  flood  of  correspondence  never  lessened  and  letters  ac- 
cumulated by  the  baskets  full — from  syndicate  and  lecture  bu- 
reaus ;  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  old  soldiers,  actors,  singers ; 
women  getting  out  "special  editions,'*  clubs  for  every  conceiv- 
able purpose,  celebrations  of  all  kinds — ^begging  for  just  a  mes- 
sage, a  line,  a  thought;  women  informing  her  that  their  articles 
had  been  rejected  or  their  bills  turned  down  by  the  Legislature; 
college  girls  describing  their  jokes  and  pranks;  colored  people 
telling  of  their  enterprises;  trembling  lines  from  her  old  co- 
workers and  notes  from  little  children;*  words  of  appreciation 
from  the  nobility  and  wealth  of  Europe  and  from  the  humblest 
women  in  the  United  States.  Every  struggling  society  wrote  of 
its  efforts  to  be  a  credit  to  her  teaching,  while  the  great  organiza- 
tions declared  their  existence  was  due  to  her  early  work.  People 
were  always  trying  to  claim  relationship.  "Are  you  connected 
in  any  way  with  the  Brown  family  ?"  one  woman  wrote.  "If  so, 
I  think  we  have  the  same  ancestry."  Her  Biography  or  the  His- 
tory were  sent  almost  daily  for  her  to  dedicate  on  the  fly-leaf,  her 
photograph  to  be  signed  or  cards  for  autographs.  Leaders  of  all 
reforms  expected  her  assistance  and  it  seemed  as  if  everybody 
who  wanted  help  of  any  kind  thought  first  of  her. 

And  oh,  the  infinite  patience  and  tirelessness  with  which  she 
responded  to  all !   Until  the  last  year  or  two  she  gave  hours  of 

^The  following  flltistrates  the  missives  frequently  received  from  children:  Dear  Miss 
Anthony:  I  am  only  a  little  school  girl,  but  when  I  saw  your  picture  in  the  paper  your 
dear,  kind  face  made  me  want  to  send  you  my  best  wishes  on  your  birthday,  and  I  hope 
you  will  see  many  more  happy  birthdays.  My  papa  says  you  are  one  of  the  greatest  women 
in  the  world  and  I  know  it  must  be  so,  for  all  good  women  and  men  seem  to  think  so 
much  of  you.     With  best  wishes  I  am  your  little  friend,  Olive  B.  Dorsett. 


1380  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1905] 

every  day  at  home  to  this  task,  and  the  wise  counsel,  the  gentle 
admonition,  the  tender  sympathy  never  failed,  though  the  de- 
mands on  them  were  endless.  In  a  letter  of  this  year  the  Rev. 
Marie  Jenney  Howe  thus  expressed  it:  "Dear  Miss  Anthony, 
how  they  all  turn  to  you  when  they  want  favors — and  perhaps 
forget  you  when  it  is  the  other  way.  Well,  the  Supreme  Being  is 
treated  in  the  same  fashion.  People  seldom  think  of  God  when 
they  are  happy  but  quickly  turn  to  prayer  in  their  hour  of  need. 
It  is  the  way  that  children  treat  their  mother,  too,  and  you  stand 
as  a  sort  of  Divine  Mother  to  the  women  children  of  today." 
This  was  partly  the  case,  but  there  were  hundreds  of  women  also 
who  hastened  to  tell  Miss  Anthony  first  of  all  of  their  happiness 
and  success.  A  letter  illustrating  this  fact  was  received  in  the 
closing  days  of  1905  from  Miss  Margaret  A.  Haley,  a  founder 
of  the  Chicago  Teachers*  Federation  of  thousands  of  members 
and  editor  of  its  paper : 

I  have  been  thinking  of  you  so  much  lately  and  wishing  I  could  tell  you 
how  important  a  part  in  the  great  civic  movement  in  Chicago  is  falling  un- 
questioned to  women,  a  part  that  could  not  be  taken  but  for  you  and  your 
co-workers.  It  would  do  your  heart  good  to  hear  the  men  acknowledge  their 
inability  to  do  what  they  as  positively  declare  a  woman  can  and  does  do.  We 
are  going  to  get  woman  suffrage  because  men  are  beginning  to  realize  that 
the  women  must  have  it  to  do  the  work  that  must  be  done  if  our  democratic 
institutions  are  to  last  ...  I  hope  you  are  well  and  enjo3ring  all  the 
happiness  you  deserve  so  richly  and  have  earned  so  fully.  May  the  women 
of  this  age  give  to  their  children  the  right  to  bless  them  in  the  same  measure 
that  we  bless  you  and  the  co-laborers  of  your  age  for  your  work  to  emanci- 
pate women! 

The  little  journal  under  date  of  December  24  had  this  entry : 
"Presents  have  been  coming  all  the  day — ^no  very  expensive  ones, 
for  which  I  am  glad.  People  who  send  the  most  costly  are  often 
least  able  to  do  so,  and  I  have  often  felt  obliged  to  return  them." 
It  was  indeed  true  that  love  for  their  great  leader  impelled  many 
women  to  offer  the  "box  of  precious  ointment,'*  which  her  sense 
of  justice  would  not  permit  her  to  accept. 

In  the  home  of  her  loved  minister  and  his  wife,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
W.  C.  Gannett,  whose  warm  hospitality  she  had  so  many  times 
enjoyed.  Miss  Anthony  spent  the  last  Qiristmas  of  her  beautiful 
life. 


CHAPTER  LXIX. 

TRIBUTES  OF  COLLEGE  WOMEN^-GREAT  FUND  FOR  SUFFRAGE. 

1906. 

^HE  few  scattered  entries  in  the  diary  for  January, 
1906,  showed  many  busy  hours  with  the  stenog- 
rapher— ^twenty  letters  for  one  day  being  some- 
times recorded.  No  copies  of  these  were  made,  but 
one  was  left  on  the  desk — ^probably  the  original 
which  never  was  sent — ^to  a  physician  who  had  written  Miss  An- 
thony that  on  a  certain  day  at  a  certain  hour  he  had  heard  "spirit 
voices"  and  one  of  them  was  hers.  He  asked  of  it,  "Why,  when 
did  you  pass  over?"  and  the  voice  answered,  "I  have  not  passed 
out  of  earth-life  but  just  now  my  body  is  in  a  trance  condition," 
and  it  then  proceeded  to  "compliment  his  writings  on  reform 
questions."  He  hoped  she  would  pardon  him  for  relating  his 
strange  experience  and  he  enclosed  a  stamp  to  learn  what  was  her 
condition  at  the  time  specified.  She  replied:  "Certainly,  I  will 
excuse  you  for  telling  me  of  your  remarkable  dream — for  I  sup- 
pose it  was  simply  a  dream.  Such  visions  are  very  common — I 
have  had  them — ^but  I  place  no  stress  on  them  because  I  know  I 
am  half-awake  and  half-asleep.  I  was  not  in  a  trance  either  be- 
fore, on,  or  after  the  date  you  mention.  I  have  had  a  large  ex- 
perience with  mediums  but  I  never  have  heard  or  seen  a  thing 
to  convince  me  that  the  spirit  of  any  of  my  departed  was  at  work 
with  the  mind  of  the  medium."  Having  answered  his  question 
Miss  Anthony  then  proceeded  to  ask  if  he  would  not  send  some 
money  for  the  Oregon  campaign ! 

An  unsent  letter  in  Miss  Anthony's  own  handwriting,  doubt- 
less one  of  the  last  she  ever  wrote,  was  also  found  on  her  desk,  ad- 

(1381) 


1382  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

dressed  to  a  newly-formed  suffrage  club  in  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y. 
In  it  she  said  she  would  send  them  the  History  of  Woman  Suf- 
frage and  her  Biography  and  urged  them  to  ask  Mrs.  Stanton's 
daughters  to  present  them  with  a  copy  of  their  mother's  Remi- 
niscences. She  thus  concluded:  "However  small  your  society 
may  be,  do  not,  I  beg  of  you,  get  discouraged,  but  stick  to  it  and 
by-and-by  your  numbers  will  increase  and  you  will  grov/  stronger. 
Seneca  Falls  was  for  many  years  the  home  of  Elizabeth  Cady 
Stanton  and  the  place  where  the  first  Woman's  Rights  Conven- 
tion was  held.  Two  years  from  now  will  be  its  sixtieth  anni- 
versary and  I  hope  then  your  club  will  be  large  enough  to  invite 
the  State  Suffrage  Convention  to  your  little  city.  Tell  your  mem- 
bers that  if  I  am  on  earth's  surface  in  1908  I  shall  expect  to 
meet  them  on  the  very  spot  where  that  convention  took  place." 

As  Miss  Anthony  intended  to  leave  home  early  in  February 
for  an  extended  stay,  her  friends  in  Rochester  decided  td  cele- 
brate her  birthday  before  she  went  away,  and  February  2  was 
the  date  chosen.  A  morning  paper  said  in  its  account : 

The  commodious  home  of  Mr.  William  and  Miss  Kate  Gleason,  was  the 
scene  last  night  of  a  brilliant  reception  in  honor  of  Rochester's  well-known 
citizen,  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony,  who  on  the  15th  of  the  month  will  have 
completed  her  eighty-sixth  year.  Southern  smilax  and  palms  lent  their  beauty 
in  decorating  the  rooms,  which  from  eight  to  ten  were  thronged  with  repre- 
sentative people  of  the  community.  Previous  to  the  reception  the  members 
of  the  Political  Equality  Club  gathered  around  Miss  Anthony,  exhibited  to 
her  the  names  of  122  women  who  had  just  been  added  to  the  roll,  and  then 
presented  her  a  purse  containing  eighty-six  dollars  in  gold.  Following  this 
there  was  introduced  to  the  venerable  suffragist  a  band  of  thirty  High  School 
girls  who  had  formed  a  Susan  B.  Anthony  League  and  pledged  themselves  to 
work  for  the  movement  to  which  she  had  devoted  her  life.  Miss  Anthony 
was  deeply  touched  by  this  encouraging  evidence  of  youthful  interest  in  the 
cause  most  dear  to  her  heart  and  greeted  the  young  girls  warmly.    .    .    . 

Delightful  music  was  furnished  by  an  orchestra  of  women  and  refreshments 
were  served  throughout  the  evening.  .  .  .  Addresses  highly  eulogistic  of 
the  honored  guest  were  given.  The  Rev.  Dr.  C  C.  Albertson,  of  the  Central 
Presbyterian  Church,  said  in  his  tribute:  "I  not  only  believe  in  Miss  An- 
thony but  I  also  believe  in  her  cause."  A  letter  from  Mrs.  Jean  Brooks 
Greenleaf  said:  "What  an  inspiration  in  the  lives  of  these  two  sisters — 
simple,  steadfast  and  true;  fearing  nothing,  shrinking  from  no  ostracism,  un- 
kindness  or  ridicule,  if,  by  enduring  much,  they  could  gain  some  advance  for 
humanity.  Thank  God  for  such  women !" 


[1906]  TRIBUTES  OF  COLLEGE  WOMEN — SUFFRAGE  FUND.         I383 

During  all  the  day  and  evening  of  this  birthday  party  a  genuine 
northern  New  York  blizzard  raged,  with  cutting  winds  and  a 
heavy  downfall  of  snow.  Every  possible  care  was  taken  of  Miss 
Anthony;  she  went  and  returned  in  a  closed  carriage  and  was 
warmly  wrapped,  but  her  power  of  resistance  was  not  strong  and 
the  next  day  she  developed  a  severe  cold.  She  hoped  to  overcome 
it  and  that  evening  started  with  her  sister  for  Baltimore. 

During  the  annual  meeting  of  the  National  Association  in  Port- 
land, the  preceding  year,  the  by-law  of  the  constitution  which 
said  that  every  alternate  convention  shall  be  held  in  Washington 
was  changed  to  read  "may  be  held."  It  was  most  amusing  to 
hear  Miss  Anthony  insisting  that  this  change  should  be  made, 
when  she  had  always  vigorously  opposed  holding  even  alternate 
conventions  in  any  other  city;  and  Henry  B.  Blackwell  strenu- 
ously objecting  to  the  change,  when  for  years  he  had  advocated 
taking  each  convention  to  a  diflferent  place.  It  was  a  striking 
illustration  of  the  softening  of  one's  prejudices  by  age.  This 
action  made  it  possible  to  accept  the  invitation  of  the  Maryland 
Suffrage  Association  to  come  to  Baltimore  in  1906.  The  date 
was  fixed  for  February  7-13  and  the  Call  for  the  convention  said : 
"At  no  time  in  its  history  has  this  organization  had  so  much 
reason  to  feel  confident  of  the  future.  .  .  .  Never  have  we  had 
so  much  cause  to  issue  a  Thanksgiving  Proclamation.  Never 
has  it  been  so  easy  to  love  our  enemies,  for  they  have  combined 
in  their  courses  to  fight  for  us.  The  inevitable  log^c  of  events  is 
with  us." 

When  Miss  Anthony  had  visited  President  M.  Carey  Thomas, 
of  Bryn  Mawr  College,  and  Miss  Mary  E.  Garrett,  the  last  No- 
vember, she  had  talked  of  the  approaching  convention,  expressed 
some  anxiety  as  to  its  reception  in  so  conservative  a  city  and 
urged  them  to  do  what  they  could  to  make  it  creditable  to  the 
National  Association  and  to  Baltimore.  They  expressed  much 
interest,  asked  in  what  way  they  could  be  of  most  assistance  and 
talked  over  various  plans.  Both  belonged  to  old  and  prominent 
families  in  that  city,  Miss  Garrett  had  the  prestige  of  great  wealth 
also,  and  Miss  Thomas  of  her  position  as  president  of  one  of  the 

most  eminent  of  Women's  Colleges.    Miss  Anthony  was  desirous 
Ant.  Ill— 18 


1384  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

of  having  the  program  in  some  way  illustrate  distinctively  the 
new  type  of  womanhood — ^the  College  Woman — ^and  eventually 
Miss  Thomas  took  entire  charge  of  one  evening  devoted  to  this 
purpose,  which  will  ever  be  memorable  in  the  history  of  these 
conventions.  A  day  or  two  after  Miss  Anthony's  visit  she  re- 
ceived a  letter  from  Miss  Garrett  saying:  "I  have  decided — 
really  I  did  so  while  we  were  talking  about  the  convention  at 
luncheon  yesterday — ^that  I  must  open  my  house  in  Baltimore  for 
that  week  in  order  to  have  the  great  pleasure  of  entertaining  you 
and  Miss  Shaw  under  my  own  roof,  and  to  do  whatever  I  can  to 
help  you  make  the  meeting  a  success." 

The  large  family  mansion  had  been  closed  for  the  winter  and 
Miss  Garrett  was  staying  with  Miss  Thomas,  but  she  opened  it 
completely;  invited  as  house  guests  Miss  Anthony,  Mrs.  Julia 
Ward  Howe,  Miss  Jane  Addams  and  other  distinguished  women, 
and  gave  a  series  of  entertainments  which  conferred  upon  the 
convention  a  social  eclat  possibly  more  necessary  in  that  city  than 
in  some  others. 

Miss  Anthony  had  looked  forward  to  this  visit  with  the  keenest 
pleasure,  but  by  the  time  she  reached  Baltimore  neuralgia  and 
other  complications  resulting  from  the  cold  had  manifested  them- 
selves, and  she  soon  became  alarmingly  ill.  As  the  convention 
did  not  open  for  several  days  there  was  hope  that  she  might  re- 
cover sufficiently  to  attend.  Dr.  Mary  Sherwood,  a  skilled  physi- 
cian and  a  friend  of  Miss  Garrett's,  was  at  once  summoned,  and 
during  all  of  Miss  Anthony's  stay  gave  her  most  devoted  atten- 
tion, declaring  it  to  be  an  honor  and  a  privilege  to  render  service 
to  one  who  had  done  so  much  for  all  womankind.  Later  Dr. 
Henry  M.  Thomas,  clinical  professor  of  nervous  diseases  in  the 
Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School,  brother  of  President  Thomas,  was 
called  in  consultation  several  times.  Both  Dr.  Sherwood  and  Dr. 
Thomas  refused  to  render  any  bill  for  their  medical  attendance. 
The  trained  nurse  from  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  willingly 
consented  to  assume  the  garb  of  a  maid  in  order  that  her  patient 
might  not  know  she  was  so  ill  as  to  need  professional  attendance. 

Miss  Anthony  grew  a  little  better  but  could  not  go  to  any  of  the 
preliminary  meetings  of  the  Business  Committee,  and  she  was  so 


[1906]   TRIBUTES  OF  COLLEGE  WOMEN SUFFRAGE  FUND.         1 385 

restive  over  this  that  Miss  Shaw,  who  had  felt  it  advisable  to  re- 
main at  the  hotel  with  the  rest  of  the  National  Board,  had  to  go  to 
her  each  day  with  a  full  report  of  all  its  transactions  and  every  de- 
tail of  the  work.  She  inquired  after  all  the  delegates  and  their  re- 
ports and  not  a  point  of  interest  was  forgotten  or  overlooked  by 
her,  although  she  was  suffering  intense  agony  every  moment  with 
the  neuralgic  pains  in  her  head.  Neither  medical  skill  nor  her  own 
heroic  efforts  could  enable  her  to  attend  the  opening  session  of  the 
convention,  but  Miss  Shaw  found  time  in  the  midst  of  the  pres^ 
sure  of  duties  to  send  a  little  note :  "Dear  Aunt  Susan,  it  is  good 
to  know  you  are  growing  better.  Do  not  try  to  do  anything  that 
will  tire  you  today.  I  miss  you  as  a  body  must  miss  its  soul  when 
it  has  gone  out,  and  I  long  every  moment  to  look  at  you  and  see 
if  I  am  doing  as  you  wish  me  to  do.  I  am  putting  just  a<^  much  of 
your  spirit  into  everything  as  I  am  able  and  I  am  so  glad  to  tell 
you  that  all  is  going  beautifully.  My  heart  goes  put  to  you  in 
tenderest  sympathy  and  I  am  yours  with  dearest  love." 

This  Thirty-Eighth  Annual  Convention  was  held  in  the  large 
Lyric  Theatre  and  its  general  management  was  in  the  capable 
hands  of  Mrs.  Emma  Maddox  Funck,  president  of  the  Maryland 
Association  and  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Arrangements. 
The  attitude  of  the  press  was  all  that  could  be  desired,  the  Sun, 
American,  News,  Telegram,  etc.,  welcoming  the  convention  in 
cordial  and  dignified  editorials  which  showed  a  spirit  fair  and 
open  to  conviction,  while  the  reports  were  full  and  accurate  and 
well  illustrated  with  portraits  of  the  prominent  women.  The 
wide  scope  of  the  program  was  especially  noteworthy,  as  it  in- 
cluded a  woman  speaker  from  Australia  and  one  from  South 
America ;  women's  trades  unions  were  officially  represented  and 
there  were  addresses  by  several  women  office  holders ;  men  prom- 
inent in  public  life  spoke  on  municipal  questions  of  great  moment ; 
the  convention  sermon  was  given  by  Mrs.  Maud  Ballington  Booth 
of  the  American  Volunteers;  the  ministers  pronouncing  the  in- 
vocations came  from  all  religious  denominations,  while  at  one 
evening's  session  Dr.  William  H.  Welch,  Professor  of  Pathology 
in  Johns  Hopkins  University,  presided,  and  at  the  College  Wom- 
en's Evening  the  president  of  that  institution. 


1386  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

The  first  evening's  session  was  opened  with  prayer  by  the  Rev. 
Dr.  John  B.  Van  Meter,  dean  of  the  Woman's  College,  and  the 
welcome  of  the  State  was  extended  by  Governor  Edwin  Warfield, 
who  said  in  the  course  of  his  remarks:  "I  have  faced  many 
audiences  since  I  have  been  Governor,  but  never  before  have  I 
addressed  such  an  assemblage  of  notable  and  distinguished 
women,  having  for  their  sole  purpose  the  promotion  of  the  rights 
and  interests  of  their  sex — ^women  who  have  made  their  influence 
felt  in  the  uplifting  of  humanity,  the  advancement  of  morality 
and  civic  pride — ^women  whose  fame  is  world-wide,  whose  adher- 
ence to  principle  is  unwavering  and  whose  fidelity  to  their  work 
for  social  advancement  has  won  universal  admiration  and  made 
a  notable  impress  upon  the  public  mind." 

The  mayor  being  ill,  the  welcome  of  the  city  was  given  by  the 
Hon.  William  F.  Stone,  Collector  of  the  Port,  who  warmly  en- 
dorsed the  Governor's  sentiments  and  added  his  own  glowing 
eulogies.  Secretary-of-the-Navy  Charles  J.  Bonaparte  had  writ- 
ten that  the  pressure  on  his  time  would  prevent  his  speaking  but 
that  he  expected  to  be  present  at  the  meetings. 

The  disappointment  at  Miss  Anthony's  absence  was  intense,  as 
she  was  to  have  presided  and  made  the  response.  The  president, 
the  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw,  after  a  graceful  acknowledgment, 
said,  "I  am  not  taking  Miss  Anthony's  place,  no  one  ever  can  do 
that,  for  in  all  the  world  there  is  but  one  Susan  B.  Anthony,  but 
it  is  also  true  that  in  all  the  world  there  is  but  one  Clara  Barton, 
but  one  Julia  Ward  Howe,  and  these  grand  women  we  have  with 
us  this  evening."  Miss  Barton,  who,  in  her  dress  of  soft,  plum- 
colored  satin  with  fichu  of  white  lace,  her  dark  hair  parted 
smoothly  over  her  forehead,  did  not  seem  over  sixty,  although 
she  was  eighty-four,  was  enthusiastically  received.  The  scene 
was  especially  touching  when  one  remembered  that  it  was  near 
this  very  city,  forty-five  years  before,  Miss  Barton  commenced  her 
grand  work  for  the  soldiers  of  the  Civil  War.  She  said  in  part : 
"As  I  stand  here  tonight  my  thoughts  go  back  to  the  time  when 
Susan  B.  Anthony  and  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  were  pioneers 
struggling  for  this  righteous  cause.  I  think  the  greatest  progress 
ever  made  for  any  reforms  in  our  country  has  been  along  the 


[1906]  TRIBUTES  OF  COLLEGE  WOMEN SUFFRAGE  FUND.         1 387 

lines  on  which  they  worked.  A  few  days  ago  some  one  said  to 
me  that  every  woman  should  stand  with  bared  head  in  the  pres- 
ence of  Miss  Anthony.  *Aye/  I  answered,  'and  every  man,  too, 
for  I  believe  that  man  has  benefitted  by  her  work  as  much  as 
woman.'  "  Mrs.  Howe,  who  made  a  lovely  picture  in  a  gown  of 
mauve  satin,  with  a  creamy  lace  scarf  draped  about  her  head  and 
shoulders,  began  by  saying :  "I  have  not  come  to  preach  but  I 
will  give  you  a  text.  'What  came  ye  into  the  wilderness  to  see — 
a  reed  shaken  by  the  wind  ?'  You  have  not  come  here  to  see  reeds 
shaken  by  the  wind,  but,  as  the  people  went  to  see  John  the  Bap- 
tist, you  have  come  to  see  the  prophets." 

In  her  President's  address  Miss  Shaw  said  in  part : 

In  his  Message  to  Congress  President  Roosevelt  recommends  the  De- 
partment of  Commerce  and  Labor  to  make  a  thorough  investigation  of  the 
conditions  of  women  in  industry.  This  recommendation  will  meet  with  the 
hearty  approval  of  suffragists  everywhere.  Realizing  as  we  do  its  importance 
to  women  and  to  the  nation,  our  association  has  been  urging  it  for  years, 
but  hitherto  our  efforts  have  been  futile  to  direct  the  attention  of  the  govern- 
ment to  it.  The  variety  of  claims  and  counter-claims  which  have  been  made 
by  those  interested  in  women's  industrial  condition  and  its  effect  upon  the 
character  and  life  of  the  nation  have  so  confused  the  ordinary  mind  that 
there  is  little  rational  thinking  upon  the  subject. 

To  draw  sweeping  conclusions  in  regard  to  a  matter  upon  which  there  is 
an  "almost  complete  dearth  of  data"  is  never  wise.  While  it  is  true  that 
marriage  and  the  birth  rate  have  decreased  within  recent  years,  yet  before 
the  results  are  charged  to  the  participation  of  women  in  industry  many  ques- 
tions must  be  answered.  It  is  no  new  thing  for  women  to  be  engaged  in 
industrial  pursuits.  From  primitive  times  they  have  been  great  industrial 
factors,  and  modem  economic  conditions,  instead  of  introducing  them  to  in- 
dustries, have  introduced  to  the  world's  markets  the  multiform  industries 
in  which  women  from  the  earliest  times  have  been  engaged,  with  ever  widen- 
ing circles  of  activity  as  inventive  genius  has  developed  and  civilization 
progressed. 

If  conditions  surrounding  their  employment  are  such  as  to  make  it  a 
"social  question  of  the  first  importance,"  it  is  unfortunate  that  President 
Roosevelt  had  not  recommended  that  women,  the  most  deeply  interested  factor 
in  the  problem,  should  constitute  at  least  a  part  of  any  commission  author- 
ized to  investigate  them.  I  trust  that  a  resolution  will  be  passed  by  this  con- 
vention petitioning  the  Government  of  the  United  States  to  place  women  upon 
every  commission  that  investigates  the  conditions  which  so  deeply  affect  their 
lives  and  the  lives  of  their  children. 

But  if  the  required  investigations  should  be  made,  even  with  women  upon 
the  committee,  what  power  would  the  5,000,000  disfranchised  workingwomen 


1388  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

possess  to  secure  beneficent  laws  or  enforce  needed  reforms  ?  One  cannot  but 
wish  thati  with  his  desire  for  "fair  play"  and  his  policy  of  a  "square  deal/' 
the  President  had  recognized  the  fact  that,  since  Sjooofioo  American  women 
are  employed  in  gainful  occupation,  every  principle  of  justice  known  to  a 
republic  demands  that  these  5,000,000  toilers  be  enfranchised  in  order  that 
they  may  be  able  to  obtain  and  enforce  legislation  for  their  own  protection. 

In  her  delightfully  sarcastic  manner  Miss  Shaw  then  took  up 
the  pronunciamento  of  ex-President  Cleveland  and  the  more 
recent  one  of  Cardinal  Gibbons  as  to  the  rights  and  duties  of 
woman,  and  declared  the  inability  of  woman  to  obey  the  man- 
dates until  the  "oracles"  agreed  among  themselves  as  to  her 
proper  place  and  work.  Her  scoring  of  the  "oracle  of  Baltimore" 
in  the  Cardinal's  own  city  was  received  with  unmistakable  ap- 
proval. 

At  the  afternoon  session  the  delegates  had  been  welcomed  by 
the  State  president  and  by  the  presidents  of  the  State  Federation 
of  Women's  Clubs,  the  State  W.  C.  T.  U.,  the  Baltimore  Twen- 
tieth Century  Club  and  the  Council  of  Jewish  Women.  Later  in 
the  week  greetings  came  from  the  National  W.  C.  T.  U.,  the 
Ladies  of  the  Maccabees,  the  American  Purity  Alliance  and  other 
large  organizations. 

Because  of  its  unique  character  and  the  prominence  of  the 
speakers  the  evening  devoted  to  College  Women  was  the  leading 
event  of  the  week.  The  program,  arranged  by  Miss  M.  Carey 
Thomas  was  as  follows : 

Programme  of  the 

COLLEGE  EVENING 

February  8,  1906. 

Presiding  OMcer. 
Ira  Remsen,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  President  of  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Ushers, 
Students  of  the  Woman's  College  of  Baltimore  in  Academic  Dress. 

Addresses, 

Mary  E.  Woolley,  A.M.,  LittD.,  L.H'.D.,  President  of  Mount  Holyoke  Col- 
lege, 
Lucy  M.  Salmon,  A.M.,  Professor  of  History,  Vasscar  College, 
Mary  A.  Jordan,  A.M.,  Professor  of  English,  Smith  College, 


M.  CAREY  THOMAS.  PH.  D..  LL.  D..  PRESIDENT  OF 
BRYN  MAWR  COLLEGE. 

From  a  Portrait  Painted  in  1899  by  John  S.  Sargbnt:  Gift  to  the  College  by  its  Alumnae. 


[1906]  TRIBUTES  OF  COLLEGE  WOMEN SUFFRAGE  FUND.         I389 

Mary  W.  Calkins,  A.M.,  Professor  of  Philosophy  and  Psychology,  Wellesley 
College. 

Eva  Perry  Moore,  A.B.,  Trustee,  Vassar  College;  President  of  the  Associa- 
tion of  Collegiate  Alumnae  (over  three  thousand  college  women); 
First  Vice-President  of  the  General  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs. 

Maud  May  Wood  Park,  A.B.  {Radcliffe  College),  President  of  the  Boston 
Branch  of  the  Equal  Suffrage  League  in  Woman's  Colleges  and  Found- 
er of  the  League. 

M.  Carey  Thomas,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  President  of  Bryn  Mawr  College. 

A  tribute  of  gratitude  from  representatives  of  Women's  Colleges. 

What  has  been  accomplished  for  the  higher  education  of 
women  by  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  other  woman  suffragists. 
.  L 

^';  \  *i  No  one  ever  can  know  the  effort  necessary  for  Miss  Anthony 
(^  .;"  to  be  present  on  this  occasion,  but  she  conquered  her  pain  and 
weakness  by  almost  superhuman  power,  and  when  she  appeared 
on  the  stage  and  the  great  audience  realized  that  she  actually  was 
with  them  their  enthusiasm  was  unbounded.  She  was  so  white 
and  frail  as  to  seem  almost  spiritual  but  on  her  sweet  face  was  an 
expression  of  ineffable  happiness;  and  it  was  indeed  one  of  the 
happiest  moments  of  her  life,  for  it  typified  the  intellectual  tri- 
umph of  her  cause. 

The  theatre  was  crowded  and  a  large  section  was  filled  with 
college  girls  in  cap  and  gown,  while  others  acted  as  ushers.  The 
American  thus  began  its  account : 

With  the  great  pioneer  suffrage  worker,  Susan  B.  Anthony,  on  the  plat- 
form, surrounded  by  women  noted  in  the  college  world  for  their  brilliant 
attainments,  as  well  as  those  famed  for  social  work  and  in  other  professions, 
and  with  a  large  audience,  the  session  of  the  Woman  Suffrage  Convention 
opened  last  evening.  If  the  veteran  suffragist  thought  of  more  than  the 
pleasure  of  the  event,  it  must  have  been  the  contrast  of  this  occasion  with  the 
times  past,  when,  unhonored  and  unsung,  she  fought  what  must  have  often 
seemed  a  losing  fight  for  principles  for  which  the  presence  of  these  women 
proclaimed  victory.  ...  It  had  been  announced  as  "college  evening"  but 
it  might  just  as  well  have  been  called  "Susan  B.  Anthony  evening,"  for, 
while  the  addresses  dealt  with  various  phases  of  the  woman  question,  all 
evolved  into  one  strong  tribute  to  Miss  Anthony. 

This  was  indeed  true,  but,  what  was  much  more  to  Miss  An- 
thony's taste,  all  but  that  of  Miss  Jordan  declared  unequivocally 
I  for  woman  suffrage.   It  is  a  matter  of  regret  that  space  will  not 


1390  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

permit  on  these  pages  a  reproduction  in  full  of  those  notable  ad- 
dresses, which  reviewed  Miss  Anthony's  long  years  of  work 
whose  direct  result  was  the  wide  opportunity  and  achievement 
of  women  today. 

In  the  course  of  her  scholarly  address  Miss  Woolley  said : 

Deeds  which  speak  for  themselves  need  no  elaboration  and  there  could  be 
no  better  tribute  to  Miss  Anthony  than  a  simple  recital  of  what  she  has  done 
and  been.  If  there  were  an  opportunity  for  each  one  here  this  evening  to 
add  what  she  knows  of  the  lines  of  usefuhiess  in  which  this  life  has  been 
lived,  this  would  be  the  most  protracted  session  ever  known  in  the  history 
of  this  organization.  It  will  not  be  possible  in  the  limited  time  given  to  the 
representatives  of  colleges  for  women  to  do  more  than  suggest  what  has  been 
accomplished  for  the  higher  education  of  women  by  Miss  Anthony  and  other 
woman  suffragists,  but  it  is  a  pleasure  to  have  this  opportunity  to  add  our 
tribute  of  appreciation.  .  .  .  Simply  to  enumerate  her  direct  efforts  to 
promote  higher  education  for  women  would  take  all  the  time  which  is  ours. 
Higher  education  has  been  aided  also  by  the  establishment  of  great  principles 
in  other  movements  for  the  uplifting  of  humanity.    .    .    . 

Miss  Anthony  has  lived  to  see  the  work  of  her  hands  established  in  the 
gaining  of  educational  and  social  rights  for  women  which  might  well  be 
called  revolutionary,  so  momentous  have  been  the  changes.  In  temperance 
work,  on  school  and  health  boards,  in  prison  reform,  in  peace  conferences,  in 
factory  and  shop  inspection,  in  civil  service  reform,  in  attempts  to  solve 
social  and  industrial  problems,  women  are  not  only  a  factor  but  in  many 
cases  the  chief  workers.  It  seems  almost  inexplicable  that  changes,  surely 
as  radical  as  giving  to  women  the  opportunity  to  vote,  should  be  accepted 
today  as  perfectly  natural,  while  the  political  right  is  still  viewed  somewhat 
askance.    .    .    . 

Some  movements  in  history  have  been  brought  about  by  a  stroke  of  the 
pen  or  a  sudden  uprising  of  the  people,  like  a  great  tidal  wave  sweeping 
everything  before  it ;  others  have  come  slowly  as  the  result  of  the  cumulative 
force  of  years  of  effort  and  represent  the  gradual  growth  of  conviction.  The 
time  will  come  when  some  of  us  will  look  back  upon  the  arguments  against 
the  granting  of  the  suffrage  to  women  with  as  much  incredulity  as  that  with 
which  we  now  read  those  against  their  education.  Then  shall  it  be  said  of 
the  woman  who,  with  gentleness  and  strength,  courage  and  patience,  has 
been  unswerving  in  her  allegiance  to  the  aim  she  had  set  before  her :  "Give  her 
of  the  fruit  of  her  hands,  and  let  her  own  works  praise  her  in  the  gates." 

Miss  Salmon  described  the  various  stages  of  development 
through  which  she  had  reached  the  conviction  of  the  justice  of 
woman  suffrage  and  said : 

College  women  are  coming  to  realize  that  they  have  been  taught  by  these 
pioneers,  both  through  precept  and  by  example,  to  look  at  the  essential  things 


[1906]   TRIBUTES  OF  COLLEGE  WOMEN SUFFRAGE  FUND.         I39I 

of  life  and  to  ignore  the  unessential  and  for  this  they  are  grateful.  Thus 
they  are  learning  that  the  enemy  of  society  is  not  the  woman  in  Colorado  who 
votes,  but  the  woman  in  New  York  who  plays  bridge;  it  is  not  the  woman 
who  takes  an  intelligent  interest  in  the  public  life  of  which  she  is  a  part,  but 
the  woman  who  sits  by  the  window  and  watches  the  callers  of  her  neighbor 
across  the  way  and  the  arrival  of  new  furniture  at  the  house  next  door;  it 
is  not  the  woman  who  through  change  in  industrial  processes  works  in  the 
shop  or  the  factory,  but  the  woman  whose  days  are  passed  at  the  bargain 
counter;  it  is  not  the  woman  who  is  interested  in  keeping  the  streets  clean, 
but  the  woman  who  sells  chances  in  articles  offered  at  church  fairs;  it  is 
not  the  woman  who  earns  money,  but  the  woman  who  wastes  it  because  she 
has  never  learned  its  value.  .  .  .  The  college  woman  is  beginning  to 
wonder  if  it  is  worth  while  to  reckon  the  mint,  anise  and  cummin  while  the 
weightier  matters  of  the  law  are  forgotten.    .    .    . 

For  a  larger  outlook  on  life  we  are  all  indebted  to  Miss  Anthony,  to  Mrs. 
Howe  and  to  their  colleagues.  We  are  indebted  to  them  in  large  measure  for 
the  educational  opportunities  of  today.  We  are  indebted  to  them  for  the 
theory,  and  in  some  places  for  the  reality,  of  equal  pay  for  men  and  women 
when  the  labor  performed  is  the  same.  We  are  indebted  to  them  for  making 
it  possible  for  us  to  spend  our  lives  in  fruitful  work  rather  than  in  idle  tears. 
We  are  indebted  to  these  pioneer  women  for  the  substitution  of  a  positive 
creed  for  inertia  and  indifference.  And  from  them  we  also  inherit  the  weighty 
responsibility  of  passing  on  to  others  in  degree,  if  not  in  kind,  all  that  we 
have  received  from  them. 

After  a  consideration  of  the  "woman's  college",  Miss  Jordan 
said: 

The  suffragists  lent  us  Maria  Mitchell  and  they  felt  severely  the  loss  they 
sustained  in  her  increasing  absorption  in  the  class  room  and  in  the  require- 
ments of  modern  scientific  work.  When  we  had  taken  Maria  Mitchell  they 
turned  to  us  in  friendship,  Mrs.  Livermore,  Mrs.  Julia  Ward  Howe,  Miss 
Anthony,  Miss  Elizabeth  Peabody,  Mrs.  Cady  Stanton,  Lucy  Stone,  Mrs. 
Blackwell,  Lois  Anna  Green,  Mary  Dame — and  never  failed  to  stir  our  minds 
with  their  urgent  appeals  for  our  thoughtful  consideration  of  the  causes  they 
presented  and  the  interest  they  took  for  granted.  The  last  was  their  strong 
point  They  simply  implicated  us  in  whatever  was  good  and  true.  Their  en- 
thusiasm was  infectious,  and  we  "caught"  it — to  our  own  lasting  spiritual 
benefit.  ...  I  do  not  believe  that  I  was  over-fanciful,  when  I  used  to 
feel  that  Lucy  Stone  and  you,  Miss  Anthony,  looked  at  us  as  if  you  would 
say,  "Make  the  best  of  your  freedom,  for  we  have  bought  it  with  a  great 
price."    .    .    . 

In  her  able  address  Miss  Calkins  said  in  part : 

I  wish  to  indicate  this  evening  the  definite  form  in  which  I  think  the  grati- 
tude of  all  college  women  might  be  expressed  to  Miss  Anthony  and  to  the 


1392  LIFE  AND   WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

Other  leaders  of  the  equal  suffrage  movement  for  their  service  to  the  cause 
of  women's  education.  In  other  words,  I  wish  to  ask  what  have  these  veteran 
equal  suffrage  leaders  a  right  to  expect  from  university  and  college  students, 
and,  in  particular,  from  the  students  and  graduates  of  our  women's  colleges? 
.  .  .  Equal  suffragists,  if  I  may  serve  as  interpreter,  demand  just  this — 
that  women  trained  to  scientific  method  should  make  equal  suffrage  an  ob- 
ject of  scientific  analysis  and  logic.  Equal  suffragists  ask  of  college  women 
that  they  cease  being  ignorant^  or  indifferent  on  the  question ;  that  they  adopt, 
if  not  an  attitude  of  active  leadership  or  of  loyal  support,  at  least  a  position 
of  reasoned  opposition  or  of  intelligent  hesitation  between  opposing  argu- 
ments. To  ask  less  than  this  really  is  an  insult  to  a  thinking  person,  man  or 
woman.    .    .    . 

The  student  trained  to  reach  decisions  in  the  light  of  logic  and  of  history 
will  be  disposed  to  recognize  that,  in  a  democratic  country  governed  as  this 
is  by  the  suffrage  of  its  citizens,  and  given  over  as  this  is  to  the  principle  and 
practice  of  educating  women,  a  distinction  based  on  difference  of  sex  is 
artificial  and  illogical — ^and,  thus,  suspicious.  .  .  .  For  myself,  I  believe 
that  the  probabilities  favor  woman  suffrage.  Since  the  men  vastly  outnumber 
the  women  among  our  foreign  immigrants,  whereas  the  girls  outnumber  the 
boys  in  our  schools,  there  seems  to  me  good  ground  to  expect  from  equal 
suffrage  a  lowering  in  the  proportion  of  the  ignorant  vote. 

College-trained  women  students  who  grant  this  probability  scarcely  can 
escape  the  force  of  the  fundamental  argument  for  equal  suffrage.  Dearly 
it  will  be  their  duty  so  to  choose  their  words  and  so  to  shape  their  actions 
that  equal  suffrage,  when  it  comes,  may  find  among  women,  and  among 
men,  the  highest  possible  level  of  intelligence  and  the  greatest  number  of 
trained  civic  leaders. 

The  present  need — so  I  end  as  I  began — ^is  for  fair  consideration.  Equal 
suffragists  as  little  want  uncritical  support  as  prejudiced  opposition.  They 
ask  that  thinking  men  and  women  cast  aside  that  curse  of  a  prosperous 
and  self-satisfied  society  like  our  own — an  ignorant  content  with  things  as 
they  are. 

In  a  fine  appreciation  Mrs.  Moore  said : 

The  women  of  today  may  well  feel  that  it  is  Miss  Anthony  who  has  made 
life  possible  to  them ;  she  has  trodden  the  rough  paths  and  by  her  unwearied 
devotion  has  opened  to  them  the  professions  and  higher  applied  industries. 
Through  her  life's  work  they  enjoy  a  hundred  privileges  denied  them  fifty 
years  ago;  from  her  devotion  has  grown  a  new  order;  her  hand  has  helped 
to  open  every  line  of  business  to  women. 

She  has  spoken  at  times  to  thousands  of  girls  on  the  public  duties  of 
women.  .  .  .  Her  life  story,  when  written,  must  epitomize  the  victorious 
struggle  of  women  for  larger  intellectual  freedom  in  the  last  century.  .  .  . 
The  world  does  move.  Those  who  are  aware  of  the  great  and  beneficent 
changes  made  in  the  laws  relating  to  the  rights  of  property,  in  the  civil  and 
industrial  laws  pertaining  to  women  and  children,  may  estimate  the  good 
accomplished  by  these  pioneers. 


[1906]   TRIBUTES  OF  COLLEGE  WOMEN SUFFRAGE  FUND.         I393 

Miss  Anthony  is  a  hopeful  enthusiast;  her  life  is  great  in  that  it  has  made 
a  larger  life  and  higher  work  possible  to  other  women  who  share  her  as- 
pirations without  her  irresistible  force  to  carve  their  way.  Her  courage  and 
strength,  the  patient  devotion  of  a  life  consecrated  to  the  education,  advance- 
ment and  elevation  of  womanhood,  her  invincible  honor,  her  logic,  her  power 
to  touch  and  sway  all  hearts,  are  recognized  by  every  student  of  woman's 
progress.  We  perceive  in  her  the  advocate  of  that  liberty  which  knows  no 
limitations,  a  freedom  which  means  the  certain  advancement  of  the  race. 

Mrs.  Park,  speaking  from  the  standpoint  of  the  young  college 
woman,  said : 

When  I  first  saw  her,  as  we  see  her  tonight,  and  heard  her  speak,  as  I 
hope  we  shall  hear  her,  and  in  those  meetings  when  one  after  another  of 
the  speakers  referred  to  the  early  days  and  told  about  the  struggles,  the  trials, 
the  sacrifices,  all  the  long  persistent  efforts  of  that  woman  to  get  college  edu- 
cation and  industrial  opportunities  for  the  women  of  today,  I  came  to  realize 
what  Miss  Anthony's  life  had  been.  I  came  to  realize  what  she  and  other 
women  might  have  gained  for  themselves  if  they  had  chosen  to  spend  for 
personal  ends  the  power  that  had  been  given  them.  For  I  suppose  it  is  true 
that  all  through  history  individual  women  have  been  able,  sometimes  by 
cajolery,  sometimes  by  personal  charm,  sometimes  by  force  of  character,  to 
get  for  themselves  privileges  far  greater  than  any  that  the  most  radical  advo- 
cates of  woman's  rights  have  yet  demanded.  But  in  the  case  of  Miss  An- 
thony and  the  other  early  suffragists  all  that  force  of  character  was  turned 
not  to  individual  ends,  not  to  getting  great  things  for  themselves,  but  to 
getting  little  gains,  step  by  step,  for  the  great  mass  of  other  women;  not  for 
the  service  of  themselves,  but  for  the  service  of  the  sex,  and  so  of  the  whole 
human  race.    .    .    . 

The  object  of  the  G>llege  Women's  League  is  to  bring  the  question  of 
equal  suffrage  to  college  women,  to  help  them  realize  their  debt  to  the 
women  who  have  worked  so  hard  for  them,  and  to  make  them  understand 
that  one  of  the  ways  to  pay  that  debt  is  to  fight  the  battle  in  the  quarter  of 
the  field  in  which  it  is  still  unwon;  in  short,  to  make  them  feel  the  obliga- 
tion of  opportunity. 

The  eloquent  address  of  Miss  Thomas  was  received  with  en- 
thusiastic approval  by  the  audience.    She  said  in  part : 

In  the  year  1903  there  were  in  the  United  States,  according  to  the  report 
of  the  Commissioner  of  Education,  5,749  women  studying  in  women's  col- 
leges and  24,863  women  studying  in  co-educational  colleges.  If  the  annual 
rate  of  increase  has  continued  the  same,  as  it  undoubtedly  has  during  the 
past  three  years,  there  are  i|i  college  at  the  present  time  38,268  women  stu- 
dents of  true  college  grade.  Although  there  are  in  the  United  States  about 
1,800,000  less  women  than  men,  women  already  constitute  considerably  over 
one-third  of  the  entire  student  body,  and  are  steadily  gaining  on  men.   This 


1394  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

means  that  in  another  generation  or  two  one-half  of  all  the  people  who  have 
been  to  college  in  the  United  States  will  be  women,  and  just  as  surely  as  the 
seasons  of  the  year  succeed  one  another,  or  the  law  of  gravitation  works,  just 
as  surely  will  this  great  body  of  educated  women  wish  to  use  their  trained 
intelligence  in  making  the  towns,  cities  and  States  of  their  native  country 
better  places  for  themselves  and  their  children  to  live  in;  just  so  surely  will 
the  men,  with  whom  they  have  worked  side  by  side  in  college  classes,  claim 
and  receive  their  aid  in  political  as  well  as  in  home  life.  The  logic  of  events 
does  not  lie.  It  is  unthinkable  that  women  who  have  learned  to  act  for  them- 
selves in  college  and  have  become  awakened  there  to  civic  duties,  should  not 
care  for  the  ballot  to  enforce  their  wishes.  The  same  is  true  of  the  women 
in  every  woman's  club,  and  of  every  individual  woman  who  tries  to  obtain 
laws  to  save  little  children  from  working  cruel  hours  in  cotton  mills,  or  to 
open  summer  gardens  for  homeless  waifs  on  the  streets  of  a  great  city. 
These  women,  too,  are  being  irresistibly  driven  to  desire  equal  suffrage  for 
the  sake  of  the  wrongs  they  try  to  right    .    .    . 

In  all  matters  of  social  welfare  we  must  argue  not  so  much  from  abstract 
right  and  justice  as  from  observed  facts.  It  seems  very  clear  that  on  the 
whole  universal  manhood  suffrage,  unsatisfactory  as  it  is,  works  the  least 
injustice  to  the  enfranchised  multitudes  of  men,  and  that  the  trend  of  modern 
civilization  is  setting  itself  irresistibly  in  this  direction.  Experience  also  proves 
that  women  as  well  as  men  need  the  ballot  to  protect  them  in  their  special 
interests  and  in  their  power  to  gain  a  livelihood.  Our  new  reform  school 
board  of  Philadelphia  contains  not  one  woman  among  its  twenty-five  mem- 
bers to  represent  the  interests  of  women.  No  women  teachers  receive  the 
same  salaries  as  men  teachers  for  the  same  work,  and  no  women,  however 
successful,  are  appointed  to  the  best  paid  and  most  influential  school  posi- 
tions.   .    .    . 

If,  then,  women  need  the  ballot  to  protect  their  labor — ^and  they  do  need  it 
beyond  all  question — it  seems  to  me  in  the  highest  degree  ungenerous  for 
women  like  those  in  this  audience  who  are  cared  for  and  protected  in  every 
way,  not  to  desire  equal  suffrage  for  the  sake  of  other  less  fortunate  women. 
And  it  is  not  only  ungenerous  but  short-sighted  of  such  women  not  to  desire 
it  for  their  own  sakes.  There  is  nothing  dearer  to  women  than  the  respect 
and  reverence  of  their  children  and  of  the  men  they  love.  Yet  every  son 
who  has  grown  up  reverencing  his  mother's  opinion  must  realize  when  he 
reaches  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  with  a  shock  from  which  he  can  never 
wholly  recover,  that  in  the  most  important  civic  and  national  affairs  her 
opinion  is  not  considered  equal  to  his  own.    .    .    . 

I  confidently  believe  that  equal  suffrage  is  coming  far  more  swiftly  than 
most  of  us  suspect.  Educated,  public-spirited  women  will  soon  refuse  to  be 
subjected  to  such  humiliating  conditions.  Educated,  public-spirited  men  will 
recoil  in  their  turn  before  the  sheer  unreason  of  the  position  that  the  opinions 
and  wishes  of  their  wives  and  mothers  are  to  be  consulted  upon  every  other 
question  except  the  laws  and  government  under  which  they  and  their  hus- 
bands and  children  must  live  and  die.  Equal  suffrage  thus  seems  to  me  to 
be  an  inevitable  and  logical  consequence  of  the  higher  education  of  women. 


[1906J  TRIBUTES  OF  COLLEGE  WOMEN SUFFRAGE  FUND.         I395 

And  the  higher  education  of  women  itself  is,  if  possible,  a  still  more  in- 
evitable result  of  the  agitation  of  the  early  woman  suffragists.    .    .    . 

We  who  are  guiding  this  movement  today  owe  the  profoundest  debt  of 
gratitude  to  these  early  pioneers — Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  Lucy  Stone,  Julia 
Ward  Howe — and  above  all  and  beyond  all,  Susan  B.  Anthony.  Other  women 
reformers,  like  other  men  reformers,  have  given  part  of  their  time  and  energy. 
She  has  given  to  the  cause  of  women  every  year,  every  month,  every  day, 
every  hour,  every  moment  of  her  whole  life,  and  every  dollar  she  could  beg 
or  earn — and  she  has  earned  thousands  and  begged  thousands  more. 

Every  heart  thrilled  as,  in  conclusion,  Miss  Thomas  turned  to 
the  honored  guest  of  the  evening  and  said : 

To  most  women  it  is  given  to  have  returned  them  in  double  measure  the 
love  of  the  children  they  have  nurtured.  To  you.  Miss  Anthony,  belongs  by 
right,  as  to  no  other  woman  in  the  world's  history,  the  love  and  gratitude 
of  all  women  in  every  country  of  the  civilized  globe.  We,  your  daughters  in 
the  spirit,  rise  up  today  and  call  you  blessed. 

In  those  far-off  days  when  our  mothers'  mothers  sat  contented  in  darkness, 
you,  our  champion,  sprang  forth  to  battle  for  us,  equipped  and  shining,  in- 
spired by  a  prophetic  vision  of  the  future  like  that  of  the  apostles  and 
martyrs,  and  the  heat  of  your  battle  has  lasted  more  than  fifty  years.  Two 
generations  of  men  lie  between  the  time  when  in  the  early  fifties  you  and 
Mrs.  Cady  Stanton  sat  together  in  New  York  State,  writing  over  the  cradles 
of  her  babies  those  trumpet  calls  to  freedom  that  began  and  carried  forward 
the  emancipation  of  women,  and  the  day,  eighteen  months  ago,  when  that 
great  audience  in  Berlin  rose  to  do  you  honor — ^thousands  of  women,  from 
every  country  in  the  civilized  world,  silent,  with  full  eyes  and  lumps  in  their 
throats,  because  of  what  they  owed  you.  Of  such  as  you  were  the  lines  of  the 
poet  Yeats  written: 

"They  shall  be  remembered  forever. 
They  shall  be  alive  forever, 
They  shall  be  speaking  forever, 
The  people  shall  hear  them  forever." 

After  the  applause  had  ended  there  was  a  moment  of  intense 
silence,  and  then,  as  Miss  Anthony  came  forward,  the  entire 
audience  arose  and  greeted  her  with  waving  handkerchiefs,  while 
tears  rolled  down  the  cheeks  of  many  who  felt  that  she  would 
never  be  present  at  another  convention.  "If  any  proof  were 
needed  of  the  progress  of  the  cause  for  which  I  have  worked,'* 
she  said,  in  clear,  even  tones,  distinctly  heard  by  all,  "it  is  here 
tonight.  The  presence  on  the  stage  of  these  college  women,  and 
in  the  audience  of  all  those  college  girls  who  will  some  day  be  the 
nation's  greatest  strength,  tell  their  own  story  to  the  world.  They 


1396  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

give  the  highest  joy  and  encouragement  to  me. — I  am  not  going 
to  make  a  long  speech  but  only  say  thank  you  and  good  night." 

It  was  all  she  had  the  strength  to  say  but  she  never  would 
publicly  confess  it.  "I  am  not  able  to  make  a  speech,"  some 
women  would  have  said,  and  thus  awakened  sympathy,  but  she 
preferred  they  should  think  that  her  remarks  were  brief  because 
the  hour  was  late.  An  incident  during  the  evening  lightened  a 
little  one  heart  that  was  aching.  When  the  audience  was  making 
a  big  demonstration  over  some  particularly  fine  tribute  which  a 
speaker  had  paid  to  Miss  Anthony,  she  joined  in  the  applause, 
and  Miss  Shaw  whispered,  "It  isn't  your  turn  to  applaud  now, 
they  are  talking  about  you."  "O,  no,  they're  not,"  she  answered, 
"it  is  just  about  the  cause."  Nobody  ever  lived  so  completely 
oblivious  to  personal  compliments.  The  next  day  Miss  Shaw 
said  in  a  little  note  to  her,  speaking  of  this  evening :  "I  am  so 
glad  you  can  keep  right  on  helping  things  along.  It  is  splendid 
that  you  have  so  lived  and  worked  that  now,  when  you  are  at  the 
rest-time  of  life,  your  influence  is  just  as  great  as  when  you  were 
out  in  the  field,  and  that  the  cause  needs  you  just  the  same  and  is 
profiting  all  the  time  by  what  you  have  done." 

Miss  Anthony  was  entirely  unable  to  go  to  the  convention  the 
next  day,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  second  day  the  president 
expressed  the  great  regret  of  all  at  her  enforced  absence  and  their 
gratitude  for  the  excellent  care  she  was  receiving  at  the  home  of 
Miss  Garrett;  but  when  the  afternoon  session  opened,  in  she 
walked !  She  had  learned  that  the  money  was  to  be  raised  at  this 
time  and  knew  she  could  help,  so  she  conquered  her  pain  and 
came.  When  contributions  were  called  for  she  was  first  to  re- 
spond and  holding  out  a  little  purse  she  said :  "I  want  to  begin 
by  giving  you  my  purse.  Just  before  I  left  Rochester  they  gave 
me  a  birthday  party  and  made  me  a  present  of  eighty-six  dollars. 
I  suppose  they  wanted  me  to  do  as  I  liked  with  the  money  and  I 
wish  to  send  it  to  Oregon ;"  and  with  this  example  the  contribu- 
tions soon  reached  beyond  $4,000.^ 

*  Afterwards  the  seventeen  five-dollar  gold  pieces  were  distributed  by  the  national  treas- 
urer among  various  friends  who  gave  ten  dollars  apiece  for  them,  and  thus  $170  were 
realized  for  the  Oregon  fund. 


[1906]  TRIBUTES  OF  COLLEGE  WOMEN — ^SUFFRAGE  FUND.         I397 

This  was  on  Saturday  and  Miss  Anthony  was  closely  confined 
to  the  house  until  the  next  Monday  evening.  At  that  time  Mrs. 
Howe  was  to  give  an  address  but  she  had  been  attacked  by  ton- 
silitis,  which  was  epidemic  in  the  city,  and  could  not  be  present. 
Miss  Anthony  was  so  distressed  at  the  many  disappointments 
which  had  been  caused  by  her  own  inability  to  attend  the  meetings 
that  she  determined  to  go  in  Mrs.  Howe's  place,  and  again  exer- 
cising supreme  self-control  she  took  her  place  on  the  platform 
and  remained  throughout  the  evening.  It  was  not  supposed  that 
she  would  be  able  to  speak,  but,  stimulated  by  the  occasion  and 
longing  no  doubt  to  say  what  she  felt  might  be  her  last  words, 
she  came  forward  near  the  close  of  the  meeting.  A  report  in  the 
New  York  Evening  Post  said,  "The  entire  house  rose  and  the 
applause  and  cheers  seemed  to  continue  for  ten  minutes."  It  thus 
continued : 

Miss  Anthony  looked  at  the  splendid  audience  of  men  and  women,  many 
of  them  distinguished  in  their  generation,  with  calm  and  dignified  sadness. 
"This  is  a  magnificent  sight  before  me,"  she  said  slowly,  "and  these  have 
been  wonderful  addresses  and  speeches  I  have  listened  to  during  the  past 
week.  Yet  I  have  looked  on  many  such  audiences,  and  in  my  lifetime  I  have 
listened  to  many  such  speakers,  all  testifying  to  the  righteousness,  the  justice 
and  the  worthiness  of  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage.  I  never  saw  that  great 
woman,  Mary  Wollstoncraft,  but  I  have  read  her  eloquent  and  unanswerable 
arguments  in  behalf  of  the  liberty  of  womankind.  I  have  met  and  known 
most  of  the  progressive  women  who  came  after  her — ^Lucretia  Mott,  the 
Grimke  sisters,  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  Lucy  Stone— a  long  galaxy  of 
great  women.  I  have  heard  them  speak,  saying  in  only  slightly  different 
phrases  exactly  what  I  have  heard  these  newer  advocates  of  the  cause  say 
at  these  meetings.  Those  older  women  have  gone  on,  and  most  of  those  who 
worked  with  me  in  the  early  years  have  gone.  I  am  here  for  a  little  time 
only  and  then  my  place  will  be  filled  as  theirs  was  filled.  The  fight  must 
not  cease;  you  must  see  that  it  does  not  stop." 

These  were  indeed  Miss  Anthony's  last  words  to  a  woman 
suffrage  convention,  and  they  expressed  the  dominant  thought 
which  had  directed  her  own  life — the  fight  must  not  stop ! 


The  social  features  oi  this  convention  deserve  special  mention 
as  they  were  on  a  more  extended  scale  than  was  customary  at  the 


1398  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.   ANTHONY.  [1906] 

meetings  of  this  organization,  which  is  a  working  rather  than  a 
"visiting"  body.  The  officers,  speakers  and  delegates  were  in- 
vited by  President  Remsen  to  visit  Johns  Hopkins  University 
where  every  attention  was  shown ;  to  a  special  exhibit  at  the  Art 
Gallery ;  to  a  large  reception  by  the  Baltimore  Suffrage  Society 
and  to  a  handsome  afternoon  tea  at  the  rooms  of  the  Arundel 
Club.  These  were  the  usual  courtesies  extended  in  all  cities,  but 
the  series  of  entertainments  given  by  Miss  Garrett,  in  order  that 
the  representative  men  and  women  of  Baltimore  might  become 
acquainted  with  the  distinguished  visitors,  was  especially  note- 
worthy. She  gave  a  dinner  and  a  luncheon  every  day,  formal  in- 
vitations being  sent  some  time  in  advance.  Those  to  the  first 
dinner  read,  "To  meet  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  Governor  and 
Mrs.  Warfield ;"  others,  "To  meet  Miss  Anthony  and  the  Speak- 
ers of  the  College  Evening" — on  each  invitation  of  the  week 
Miss  Anthony's  name  preceding  all  other  guests  of  honor.  At 
one  luncheon  thirty  of  the  city's  most  conservative  women  were 
invited  to  meet  the  officers  of  the  National  Suffrage  Association 
and  the  prominent  speakers  of  the  convention.  All  of  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  colleges  were  Miss  Garrett's  guests  and  after  the 
College  Evening's  exercises  she  gave  a  reception  attended  by 
several  hundred  residents  of  the  city.    The  American  said  of  it : 

The  handsome  old  Garrett  mansion,  after  having  been  comparatively  closed 
for  several  seasons,  was  thrown  open  last  evening  by  its  present  owner.  Miss 
Mary  £.  Garrett,  for  one  of  the  largest  and  most  brilliant  receptions  of  the 
season.  .  .  .  The  entire  first  floor,  including  the  famous  art  gallery,  was 
used  for  the  occasion,  each  apartment  being  lavishly  decorated  with  cut 
flowers  corresponding  with  it  in  color.  A  profusion  of  American  Beauty 
roses,  with  red  shaded  lights,  adorned  the  dining  room,  where  a  bountiful 
supper  was  served.  During  the  receiving  hours,  from  ten  to  twelve,  music 
was  rendered  by  an  orchestra.  Miss  Garrett  wore  black  lace  over  white 
satin  and  chiffon;  Miss  Anthony  was  in  black  satin  and  point  lace,  Mrs. 
Howe  in  peachblow  velvet  and  Miss  Shaw  in  violet  crepe  and  duchesse 
lace.    .    .    . 

No  one  present  ever  will  forget  the  picture  of  Miss  Anthony 
and  Mrs.  Howe  sitting  side  by  side  on  a  divan  in  the  large  bay 
window,  with  a  background  of  ferns  and  flowers ;  at  their  right 
stood  Miss  Garrett  and  Miss  Thomas,  at  their  left  Miss  Shaw  and 


[1906]  TRIBUTES  OF  COLLEGE  WOMEN — SUFFRAGE  FUND.         I399 

the  line  of  eminent  college  women,  with  a  beautiful  perspective 
of  conservatory  and  art  gallery.  "Miss  Anthony,  this  evening  is 
a  fitting  climax  of  your  glorious  career!"  the  present  writer  said 
to  her.  "Do  you  really  think  so  ?"  she  answered  with  a  happy 
smile  and  a  gentle  pressure  of  the  hand. 

It  meant  a  great  deal  for  Miss  Thomas  to  take  her  most  valu- 
able time  to  carry  out  her  part  of  this  week's  signal  demonstration, 
a  part  which  only  her  commanding  influence  could  have  accom- 
plished. And  it  meant  equally  as  much  for  Miss  Garrett  to  open 
her  large  house,  fill  it  with  guests,  have  a  dozen  elaborate  social 
functions  and  give  to  the  movement  for  woman  suffrage  in  Mary- 
land a  distinction  that  it  could  not  otherwise  have  achieved. 
Best  of  all,  however,  was  the  great  pleasure  given  to  Miss  An- 
thony, for  there  was  nothing  in  the  closing  days  of  her  life  that 
offered  such  encouragement  and  hope  as  to  see  women  possessing 
the  power  of  high  intellectual  ability,  wealth  and  social  position, 
taking  up  the  cause  which  she  had  carried  with  patient  toil 
through  poverty  and  obscurity  to  this  plane  of  recognition. 


During  this  visit  of  Miss  Anthony,  President  Thomas  and  Miss 
Garrett  asked  her  what  would  be  the  greatest  service  they  could 
render  to  advance  the  movement  for  woman  suffrage.  She  an- 
swered that  the  strongest  desire  of  her  later  years  had  been  to 
raise  a  large  fund  for  the  work  which  was  constantly  crippled 
:  for  the  lack  of  money,  and  that  her  deepest  regret  now  was  that 
the  physical  disability  of  the  last  five  years  had  prevented  her 
from  carrying  out  her  plans  to  secure  this  fund.  Its  need  was 
frequently  discussed  during  the  week,  and  before  the  convention 
closed  Miss  Garrett  and  Miss  Thomas  promised  Miss  Anthony 
that  they  would  try  to  find  a  number  of  women  who,  like  them- 
selves, were  unable  to  take  an  active  part  in  working  for  woman 
suffrage  but  sincerely  believed  in  it,  who  would  be  willing  to  join 
together  in  contributing  $12,000  a  year  for  the  next  five  years  to 
help  support  the  work  and  to  show  in  this  practical  way  their 
gratitude  to  Miss  Anthony  and  her  associates  and  their  faith  in 

this  cause. 

Ant.  Ill-— 19 


I400  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

At  the  close  of  the  convention  Miss  Garrett  invited  the  Busi- 
ness Committee  of  the  association  to  dine  with  her  and  announced 
that  Miss  Thomas  and  herself  would  do  their  best  to  place  at  the 
disposal  of  the  committee  this  fund  of  $60,000  to  be  paid  into  the 
treasury  in  installments  of  $12,000  a  year.  Later  Miss  Shaw  and 
Mrs.  Upton,  the  treasurer,  took  to  Bryn  Mawr  the  books  of  the 
National  American  Association  and  a  careful  examination  was 
made  of  the  financial  needs.  This  showed  that  the  regular  income 
from  dues  and  subscriptions  was  barely  sufficient  to  carry  on  the 
routine  business,  which  was  continually  increasing  in  volume, 
and  that  nothing  was  left  for  salaries  or  for  particular  lines  of 
work,  such  as  State  campaigns,  special  publications,  travelling 
expenses  of  speakers  to  address  national  organizations,  labor 
unions,  granges  and  other  assemblies  of  men  and  women,  which 
is  an  important  part  of  suffrage  work. 

No  words  can  express  the  joy  and  relief  of  Miss  Anthony  that 
this  last  and  dearest  wish  of  her  heart  was  to  be  in  a  large  measure 
fulfilled.  There  was  never  a  day  afterwards  that  she  did  not 
refer  to  it  with  contentment  and  thankfulness,  expressing  her 
satisfaction  that  some  of  the  national  officers  who  for  years  had 
been  giving  their  whole  time  and  strength  to  the  work  with  no 
financial  compensation,  would  now  be  enabled  to  continue  it  with- 
out wasting  their  energies  in  constant  anxiety  as  to  the  necessary 
funds  and  one  or  two  of  them  as  to  living  expenses.  She  felt  very 
sure  that  with  the  rapid  progress  in  public  opinion  more  could  be 
accomplished  in  the  next  five  years  than  had  been  done  in  the  past 
twenty-five,  and  that  by  the  end  of  this  time  there  would  be  a 
sufficient  number  of  people  in  favor  of  the  movement  to  furnish 
all  the  assistance  needed.  And  so  her  mind  was  filled  with  peace 
as  to  the  future  of  her  beloved  association,  her  child  that  she  had 
nurtured  and  sustained  from  infancy  to  full  maturity. 

Before  Miss  Thomas  and  Miss  Garrett  went  abroad  for  the 
summer  the  following  committee  was  formed :  Miss  Garrett,  Bal- 
timore, Chairman ;  Mrs.  Quincy  A.  Shaw,  Boston ;  Mrs.  David  P. 
Kimball,  Boston;  Mrs.  Lydia  Coonley  Ward,  Chicago;  Mrs. 
Henry  M.  Wilmarth,  Chicago ;  Mrs.  Henry  Villard,  New  York ; 
Mrs.  Richard  Aldrich,  New  York;  Mrs.  Cornelius  Stevenson, 


MARY  ELIZABETH  GARRETT. 


Whosb  Cbnbrous  Gifts  Madb  Possiblb  thb  Opening  of  the  Medical  School  of  Johns  Hopkins 

University  in  1893. 

From  a  Portrait  Painted  in  1904  by  John  S.  Sargent  for  the  University,  by  Order  of  the 

Trustees  of  the  University  and  the  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School. 


[1906]   TRIBUTES  OF  COLLEGE  WOMEN SUFFRAGE  FUND.         I4OI 

Philadelphia;  President  M.  Carey  Thomas,  Bryn  Mawr,  Treas- 
urer. 

The  active  work  in  securing  subscriptions,  which  was  done 
principally  by  Miss  Garrett  and  Miss  Thomas,  was  commenced  at 
the  time  of  Miss  Anthony's  birthday  the  following  year,  Febru- 
ary, 1907,  and  by  May  i,  the  full  amount  of  $60,000  had  been 
subscribed,  most  of  the  donors  declaring  it  to  be  a  pleasure  and  a 
privilege  to  give  to  this  fund.  The  subscribers  were  as  follows : 
Mrs.  Russell  Sage,  New  York,  $5,000;  Miss  Garrett,  $2,500; 
Mrs.  Henry  Villard,  $2,500;  "A  Friend,"  New  York,  $2,500; 
Mrs.  Quincy  A.  Shaw,  $2,500;  Mrs.  Lydia  Coonley  Ward, 
$2,500;  Mrs.  Henry  M.  Wilmarth,  $2,500;  Mrs.  David  P.  Kim- 
ball, $2,500;  Mrs.  Emma  J.  Bartol,  Philadelphia,  $2,500;  Miss 
Mary  A.  Bumham,  Philadelphia,  $2,500;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Isaac 
Clothier,  Philadelphia,  $2,500;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  P.  Hensey, 
Philadelphia,  $2,500;  Miss  Emily  Rowland,  Sherwood,  N.  Y., 
$2,500;  Mrs.  Robert  Abbe,  New  York,  $500;  Mrs.  Frederick 
Nathan,  New  York,  $500;  "A  Friend",  Providence,  R.  I.,  $500; 
Miss  Ella  Mench,  Philadelphia,  $500;  Dr.  Anna  P.  Sharpless, 
Philadelphia,  $500;  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Smith  Miller,  Geneva,  N.  Y., 
$1,000;  Miss  Anne  Fitzhugh  Miller,  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  $500;  Mrs. 
William  M.  Ivins,  New  York,  $500;  Mrs.  Lucretia  L.  Blanken- 
burg,  Philadelphia,  $500;  "A  Friend",  $20,000.    Total,  $60,000. 


CHAPTER  LXX. 

LAST   CELEBRATION   OF   MISS   ANTHONY's   BIRTHDAY. 

1906. 

^HE  National  Suffrage  Association  never  had 
failed  to  have  its  representatives  make  their  ap- 
peals to  the  committees  of  each  Congress  at  its 
first  session  and  therefore  it  was  planned  to  send 
a  delegation  from  the  Baltimore  convention  for  this 
purpose.  It  closed  on  February  13  and  the  next  day  the  official 
board  and  many  delegates  went  to  Washington,  where  the  hearing 
had  been  set  for  the  morning  of  February  15.  Arrangements  had 
been  under  way  for  some  time  to  celebrate  Miss  Anthony's  birth- 
day that  evening  in  the  city  where  it  had  so  many  times  been  beau- 
tifully observed.  She  had  only  been  able  to  attend  the  convention 
and  bear  her  part  in  Miss  Garrett's  entertainments  by  almost 
superhuman  effort  and  it  did  not  seem  possible  for  her  to  go  on 
to  Washington.  She  was,  however,  so  reluctant  to  disappoint 
her  friends  there  who  had  been  arranging  for  the  birthday  that 
she  determined  to  make  the  attempt.  Miss  Garrett  sent  with  her 
the  trained  nurse  who  had  been  in  constant  attendance,  with  in- 
structions not  only  to  remain  with  her  in  Washington  but  not  to 
leave  her  until  she  was  safe  in  her  own  home  in  Rochester.  On 
the  brief  journey  of  less  than  an  hour  Miss  Anthony  gave  no  sign 
of  pain  and  was  almost  cheerful,  but  when  they  reached  the 
Shoreham  she  said,  "Take  me  to  my  room  quickly,  I  have  been 
suffering  the  most  excruciating  torture  ever  since  we  left  Balti- 
more." She  received  all  the  care  possible  but  was  not  able  to 
attend  the  hearing  at  the  Capitol  the  next  morning,  and  those  who 
went  were  so  anxious  and  depressed,  and  so  missed  the  one  who 

(1402) 


[1906]  MISS  Anthony's  last  birthday.  1403 

for  nearly  two-score  years  had  been  the  inspiration  on  these  occa- 
sions, that  they  could  scarcely  make  their  arguments  before  the 
committees. 

It  had  been  impossible  to  secure  an  opera  house  and  there  was 
no  desirable  hall  in  Washington,  so  the  Church  of  Our  Father 
(Universalist)  seemed  the  most  suitable  place  for  the  birthday 
celebration.    It  had  been  the  scene  of  many  suffrage  conventions, 
and  there,  six  years  before,  Miss  Anthony  had  resigned  the  presi- 
dency of  the  National  Association.    The  trustees  no  longer  rented 
it  for  public  meetings,  but  at  the  earnest  request  of  the  minister, 
the  Rev.  John  Van  Schaick,  they  placed  it  at  the  service  of  the 
committee  without  price.     Floor  and  galleries  were  crowded  to 
their  capacity  when  Miss  Anthony  made  her  appearance  on  the 
platform  and  the  audience  rose  and  remained  standing  until  she 
was  seated.   The  papers  spoke  afterwards  of  her  fine  voice  and 
said  she  appeared  to  be  in  excellent  health,  but  this  was  a  super- 
ficial view.    Those  who  were  near  to  her  and  knew  the  circum- 
/    stances  of  the  past  week,  understood  that  only  the  courage  of  a 
I     Spartan  enabled  her  to  be  present,  and  they  sat  in  anguish  not 
I     knowing  what  moment  that  marvelous  self-control  might  be  com- 
l     pelled  to  yield.     Upon  Miss  Shaw  this  strain  was  most  severe, 
}      for  in  presiding  the  full  responsibility  of  the  evening  rested  upon 
her  and  she  had  to  be  her  usual  smiling,  witty,  entertaining  self 
in  carrying  out  the  program,  no  matter  with  what  a  sinking  heart. 
f  Miss  Anthony,  however,  did  not  fail,  but  met  the  ordeal  with  the 
;   splendid  heroism  which  had  characterized  her  whole  life,  and  was 
\  grandly  equal  to  the  occasion  until  the  last  word  had  been  spoken 
•  and  the  curtain  had  fallen  upon  her  last  appearance  on  that  plat- 
form whose  most  conspicuous  figure  she  had  been  for  fifty  years. 
It  had  been  decided  that  this  would  be  an  opportune  time  to 
^give  some  of  the  members  of  Congress  and  other  officials  a  chance 
.1  to  express  themselves,  and  letters  were  sent  by  Miss  Shaw  to  a 
number  of  those  who,  she  had  reason  to  think,  were  friendly  in 
^  their  attitude  toward  woman  suffrage.    As  it  was  the  very  busiest 
time  of  the  year  in  official  life  and  at  the  height  of  the  social  sea- 
son, for  which  invitations  were  accepted  weeks  in  advance,  it  was 
not  supposed  that  many  would  be  able  to  be  present,  but  those  who 


1404  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

were  addressed  were  asked  to  send  a  message  of  greeting,  and  a 
surprisingly  large  number  responded.  While  a  few  from  whom 
courage  and  loyalty  had  been  expected  were  disappointing  in  their 
answers,  most  of  these  were  cordial  and  appreciative,  as  a  few 
quotations  will  illustrate. 

Vice  President  Charles  W.  Fairbanks :  "I  thank  you  for  the 
invitation,  which  I  should  gladly  accept  were  it  not  that  my  en- 
gagements forbid." 

Secretary  of  War  William  H.  Taf t :  "I  have  a  very  profound 
respect  for  Miss  Anthony,  her  character  and  the  splendid  service 
she  has  rendered  humanity  during  her  long  and  honored  life,  and 
it  will  give  me  great  pleasure  to  be  present  I  have  a  dinner  en- 
gagement so  that  I  do  not  know  at  what  hour,  but  I  shall  be  glad 
to  come  for  a  short  time  if  possible." 

Senator  Chauncey  M.  Depew,  New  York:  "I  deeply  regret 
that  my  engagements  will  prevent  my  joining  in  the  meeting  to 
do  honor  to  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony,  whose  life-time  of  unselfish 
devotion  has  done  her  country  and  the  world  such  valuable  and 
lasting  service." 

Senator  Thomas  C  Piatt,  New  York:  "Miss  Anthony  is  en- 
titled to  the  respect  and  admiration  of  every  citizen  of  this  nation 
— in  fact  of  every  nation — for  her  magnificent  efforts  in  behalf 
of  the  uplifting  of  humanity  and  the  strengthening  of  the  prin- 
ciples of  government  on  which  our  nation  rests.  It  would  give  me 
immeasurable  pleasure  to  testify  by  my  presence  the  esteem  in 
which  I  hold  Miss  Anthony."  Both  of  the  New  York  Senators 
had  at  various  times  expressed  their  belief  in  the  justice  of  woman 
suffrage. 

Senator  Jacob  H.  Gallinger,  New  Hampshire :  "It  is  a  matter 
of  much  regret  to  me  that  I  am  unable  to  accept  your  kind  invita- 
tion and  by  my  presence  and  words  give  assurance  of  my  appre- 
ciation of  the  heroic  and  unselfish  service  that  Miss  Anthony  has 
performed  in  behalf  of  the  principles  of  justice  and  in  advocacy 
of  a  genuine  Republican  form  of  government.  To  honor  Miss 
Anthony  is  to  do  honor  to  the  cause  to  which  her  life-work  has 
been  devoted,  and  I  beg  to  be  counted  among  those  who  subscribe 


[1906]  MISS  Anthony's  last  birthday.  1405 

to  the  principles  she  has  so  ably  contended  for  and  the  success  of 
which  is  but  a  question  of  time." 

Senator  Albert  J.  Beveridge,  Indiana :  "Nothing  would  give 
me  greater  pleasure  than  to  be  present  at  the  meeting  in  honor  of 
Miss  Anthony  and  to  utter  some  earnest  words  of  admiration  for 
her  long  and  beneficent  career  and  her  noble  and  exalted  char- 
acter. I  find,  however,  that  my  engagements  are  so  arranged  that 
it  is  impossible.  May  I  express  to  you  in  this  more  formal, 
though  less  satisfactory  way,  my  appreciation  as  an  American  cit- 
izen of  this  superb  representative  of  American  womanhood, 
whose  life  has  been  devoted  with  such  single-heartedness  to  the 
ideals  of  our  Christian  civilization." 

Senator  Thomas  M.  Patterson,  Colorado:  "I  am  satisfied  that 
on  account  of  the  large  amount  of  work  cut  out  for  the  Senate 
in  the  immediate  future,  I  will  not  be  able  to  attend  the  meeting, 
but  my  heart  is  with  the  cause  it  stands  for,  and  particularly  in 
doing  honor  to  the  noble  character  whose  eighty-sixth  birthday  it 
commemorates.  While  there  seems  to  be  a  lull  at  this  time  in  zeal 
for  the  extension  of  equal  suffrage,  the  movement  must  go  for- 
ward and  ultimately  triumph  throughout  the  country.  Ridicule 
or  belittle  it  as  fashionable  women  and  thoughtless  men  do,  the 
movement  has  reached  permanent  success  in  a  number  of  the 
States  and  has  added  to  a  wonderful  extent  to  the  rights  and 
privileges  of  women  in  the  matter  of  property,  labor,  wages,  their 
children  and  their  social  and  public  influence.  The  good  work  in 
behalf  of  equal  suffrage  should  not  be  allowed  to  lag,  and  the 
meeting  in  honor  of  Miss  Anthony's  birthday  should  give  it  new 
zeal  and  impetus.  Believe  me  cordially  and  sympathetically 
yours." 

Other  Senators  from  the  four  States  where  women  vote  sent 
similar  letters.  Senator  W.  B.  Heyburn,  Idaho,  wrote :  "It  af- 
fords me  great  pleasure  to  be  able  to  accept  your  kind  invitation 
to  attend  this  meeting  and  pay  tribute  to  the  high  character  and 
splendid  attainments  of  one  of  America's  noblest  women." 

Senator  Charles  W.  Fulton,  Oregon :  "Miss  Anthony  is  one 
of  our  greatest  and  best  characters.    By  her  noble  life  and  works 


1406  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

she  has  earned  and  will  be  accorded  a  permanent  place  in  the 
history  of  the  American  people." 

Representative  Sereno  E.  Payne,  New  York:  "I  should  be 
very  glad  to  honor  Miss  Anthony's  wonderful  personality  and  to 
say  a  fitting  word  in  recognition  of  her  long  life  and  service  of 
devotion.  She  has  made  a  notable  struggle  for  a  cause  which  for 
many  years  seemed  hopeless,  but  with  unfaltering  faith  and  cour- 
age she  has  lived  to  see  her  labors  crowned  with  some  degree  of 
success.  It  is  true  that  woman  suffrage  has  not  been  extended  to 
a  large  portion  of  our  people  but  her  efforts  have  brought  many 
strong  supporters  to  her  cause.  May  her  last  days  be  her  best 
days  and  may  her  life  be  spared  for  other  anniversaries." 

Representative  William  Alden  Smith,  Michigan:  "I  greatly 
appreciate  the  high  compliment,  for  the  privilege  of  testifying  to 
the  worth  and  value  of  Miss  Anthony  is  an  honor  indeed,  and  I 
would  gladly  accept  your  invitation  if  it  were  not  for  the  fact  that 
I  am  obliged  to  leave  for  Michigan  on  the  12th.  With  best 
wishes  to  you  and  congratulations  on  the  great  work  you  are 
doing,  always  at  your  service." 

Representative  James  E.  Watson,  Indiana :  "If  I  were  to  be 
in  Washington  on  that  date  it  would  be  a  great  pleasure  for  me  to 
attend  the  meeting  and  add  my  voice  to  the  general  acclaim.  The 
career  of  Miss  Anthony  has  been  a  very  remarkable  one  and 
serves  to  illustrate  the  beneficial  results  flowing  from  a  life  of 
integrity  and  lofty  purpose  impelled  by  pure  and  noble  motives." 

Representative  Julius  Kahn,  California:  "I  cannot  let  the 
occasion  pass  without  expressing  the  hope  that  Miss  Anthony 
may  be  spared  for  many  more  years  to  continue  her  work  for  the 
betterment  of  mankind.  While  we  may  not  all  agree  as  to  the 
practicability  or  advisability  of  woman  suffrage,  we  can  all  ad- 
mire the  sterling  character  of  one  of  its  noblest  advocates.  Miss 
Anthony's  work  in  behalf  of  womanhood  stamps  her  as  a  great 
leader  of  the  present  epoch." 

Representative  Francis  W.  Cushman,  Washington :  "I  assure 
you  that  it  would  be  a  pleasure  to  me  to  do  honor  to  that  noble 
woman,  whom  I  was  taught  from  my  earliest  childhood,  by  my 


[1906]  MISS  Anthony's  last  birthday.  1407 

father  and  mother,  to  admire  and  revere,  and  whose  career  I  have 
followed  with  great  interest." 

Representative  Burton  L.  French,  Idaho :  "We  all  pay  tribute 
to  Miss  Anthony  for  the  noble  woman  she  is  and  for  her  defense 
of  the  principle  of  an  equal  and  just  share  in  the  responsibility  of 
government  by  those  governed.  The  development  of  the  idea  of 
liberty  has  been  slow — slow  to  be  established  as  a  principle  of 
right  and  still  slower  to  be  established  as  a  principle  of  actual 
living.  As  the  days  pass  by  we  shall  witness  the  expanding  of 
this  idea  with  cumulative  energy  until  the  rights  of  men  and  of 
women  shall  be  defined  in  the  same  language.  That  will  be  a 
great  day  in  the  world's  history,  and  that  day  will  usher  in  higher 
ideals  in  social  and  in  civic  life.  The  magnificent  service  for 
mankind  that  Miss  Anthony  has  rendered  appeals  to  thoughtful 
men  and  women  the  world  over,  and  to  them  is  an  inspiration 
prompting  higher  thinking,  nobler  living  and  more  earnest  real- 
ization of  man's  responsibility  to  man." 

There  were  cordial  letters  from  Senator  Fred  T.  Dubois,  of 
Idaho,  Representative  Warren  Keifer,  of  Iowa,  W.  A.  Reeder, 
of  Kansas,  F.  W.  Mondell,  of  Wyoming,  and  other  Western 
Congressmen,  accepting  the  invitation  to  speak;  also  from  the 
Hon.  William  Dudley  Foulke,  former  Civil  Service  Commis- 
sioner, who  had  been  on  the  program  at  the  Baltimore  convention. 
-  /     While  a  number  of  the  writers  of  these  letters  expressed  them- 
•  /  selves  unmistakably  in  favor  of  woman  suffrage,  there  was  on  the 
'   '   part  of  many  a  marked  avoidance  of  an  absolute  endorsement,  and 
this  was  very  evident  to  Miss  Anthony  as  she  listened  to  their 
1 1      reading  on  the  birthday  evening.    Finally  as  a  climax  came  the 
t        much  desired  letter  from  the  President,  addressed  to  Miss  Shaw, 
^      as  follows : 

My  Dear  Madam:  Pray  let  me  join  with  you  in  congratulating  Miss 
Anthony  upon  her  eighty-sixth  birthday  and  in  extending  to  her  most  hearty 
good  wishes  for  the  continuation  of  her  useful  and  honorable  life. 

i  Miss  Anthony  could  endure  it  no  longer.  Rising  and  coming 
J  to  the  front  of  the  stage,  while  the  listeners  sat  breathless,  she  ex- 
i  claimed  with  all  her  old-time  vigor,  "When  will  the  men  do  some- 


1408  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

thing  besides  extend  congratulations  ?  I  would  rather  have 
President  Roosevelt  say  one  word  to  Congress  in  favor  of  amend- 
ing the  Constitution  to  give  women  the  suffrage  than  to  praise 
me  endlessly!"  The  audience  caught  her  spirit  and  burst  into 
approving  applause.  She  expressed  the  feeling  she  had  had  a 
thousand  times  when  listening  to  the  platitudes  and  fulsome  com- 
pliments of  men  who  had  not  the  moral  courage  to  endorse  the 
cause  for  which  she  stood,  and  into  that  single  sentence  she  put 
not  only  her  own  indignation  and  contempt  but  those  of  thousands 
of  women  who  are  compelled  to  hear  these  inanities  and  hypoc- 
risies from  a  large  proportion  of  the  men  who  address  meetings 
of  women. 

The  address  of  welcome  was  made  by  the  Hon.  Henry  B.  F. 
McFarland,  president  of  the  District  Board  of  Commissioners, 
who  gave  unequivocal  endorsement  to  the  principle  of  woman 
suffrage.  The  Rev.  Charles  G.  Ames,  of  Boston,  made  a  brief 
but  effective  address.  The  Rev.  Antoinette  Brown  Blackwell 
spoke  for  the  pioneers,  and  there  were  a  letter  from  Mrs.  Isabella 
Beecher  Hooker  and  a  telegram  from  Mrs.  Caroline  E.  Merrick, 
co-workers  of  forty  years,  the  latter  saying,  "I  thank  God  you 
have  been  given  to  the  women  of  America."  A  letter  from  Mrs. 
Russell  Sage  sent  *'best  wishes  for  your  health  and  congratula- 
tions on  the  rewards  of  your  long  and  zealous  labors  for  the  good, 
through  womankind,  of  all  humankind;"  and  one  from  Mrs. 
Mary  Seymour  Howell  closed,  "I  shall  ever  love  you  and  hold 
you  in  my  heart.  You  will  be  a  great  light  on  the  world's  high- 
way for  the  coming  centuries."  Messages  came  from  organiza- 
tions of  many  kinds  in  foreign  countries  and  the  United  States, 
including  an  affectionate  greeting  from  the  Shakers  of  Mt. 
Lebanon.^ 

On  account  of  her  extreme  weakness  it  was  not  expected  that 
Miss  Anthony  would  speak,  but  at  the  close  of  the  evening  she 
seemed  to  feel  that  she  must  say  one  last  word,  and  rising,  with 
a  tender,  spiritual  expression  on  her  dear  face,  she  stood  beside 
Miss  Shaw  and  explained  in  a  few  touching  words  how  the  great 
i 

^The  only  gift  presented  on  the  platform  was  a  purse  of  gold  from  the  friends  in  the 
District  of  Columbia,  but  many  other  valuable  presents  were  received. 


[1906]  MISS  Anthony's  last  birthday.  1409 

vork  of  the  National  Association  had  been  placed  in  her  charge; 
1  uming  to  the  other  national  officers  on  the  stage  she  reached  out 

ler  hand  to  them  and  expressed  her  appreciation  of  their  loyal 
support,  and  then,  realizing  that  her  strength  was  almost  gone, 
she  said :  "There  have  been  others  also  just  as  true  and  devoted 
/to  the  cause — I  wish  I  could  name  every  one — ^but  with  such 
I  women  consecrating  their  lives" — here  she  paused  for  an  instant 
and  seemed  to  be  gazing  into  the  future,  then  dropping  her  arms 
to  her  side  she  finished  her  sentence — "failure  is  impossible  1" 

These  were  the  last  words  Miss  Anthony  ever  spoke  in  public, 
and  from  that  moment  they  became  the  watchword  of  those  who 
accepted  as  their  trust  the  work  she  laid  down.  They  had  been 
the  keynote  of  her  own  life  and  in  her  last  public  utterance  she 
sounded  the  slogan  under  which  an  army  of  women  will  march 
to  victory. 

When  Miss  Anthony  returned  to  her  hotel,  stimulated  by  the 
excitement  of  the  evening,  all  pain  had  left  her  and  she  felt  almost 
well.  She  believed  it  was  one  of  the  sudden  recoveries  she  had 
had  so  many  times  and  her  first  thought  was  that  now  she  could 
keep  her  promise  to  attend  the  celebration  of  her  birthday  in  New 
York,  which  had  waited  on  the  one  in  Washington.  During  all 
her  illness  she  had  grieved  over  having  to  disappoint  the  women 
who  had  worked  so  hard  to  make  it  a  success.  By  morning,  how- 
ever, the  reaction  had  come ;  her  strong  will  had  to  yield  to  the 
inevitable,  and  her  only  desire  was  to  reach  her  own  home,  but  it 
was  necessary  to  wait  till  evening  in  order  that  she  might  take  a 
sleeping  car.  As  the  sun  was  setting  she  went  to  a  window  of 
her  room  in  the  Shoreham  which  looked  on  the  Washington 
Monument  and  for  some  time  stood  motionless  gazing  upon  it. 
At  last  she  turned  to  Miss  Shaw  and  said,  "I  think  it  is  the  most 
beautiful  monument  in  the  whole  world."  "I  prefer  that  of 
Bunker  Hill,"  Miss  Shaw  answered.  "O,  no,"  Miss  Anthony 
replied,  "this  is  much  grander."  And  then  with  deep  earnestness 
she  said :  "Every  one  who  sees  it  must  feel  the  love  of  freedom 
and  justice  and  want  to  be  true  to  the  principles  it  stands  for." 
This  was  her  farewell.     Accompanied  by  her  devoted  sister 


I4IO  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

^and  the  capable  nurse,  she  left  Washington  on  the  evening  train 
and  arrived  at  home  in  safety  the  next  morning. 


Elaborate  preparations  had  been  under  way  in  New  York  to 
give  a  birthday  luncheon  in  honor  of  Miss  Anthony  at  Hotel 
Astor  on  February  20  which  should  surpass  any  previous  affairs 
of  the  kind.  It  was  to  be  under  the  auspices  of  the  Interurban 
Equality  Council  of  Greater  New  York,  composed  of  over  twenty 
Suffrage  Societies,  Mrs.  Carrie  Chapman  Catt,  president.  They 
had  expected  to  have  about  two  hundred  guests  but  long  before 
the  day  nearly  four  hundred  places  were  taken.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
William  Mills  Ivans  had  issued  cards  for  a  large  afternoon  recep- 
tion at  their  home  pn  the  22nd  "to  meet  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony." 
The  disappointment,  therefore,  can  be  imagined  when  it  was 
learned  just  a  few  days  before  these  events  that  the  guest  of  honor 
could  not  be  present !  Invitations  for  the  reception  were  recalled 
but  it  was  thought  best  to  have  the  luncheon  as  planned.  The 
New  York  World  devoted  an  entire  page  to  the  occasion,  which 
it  began  by  saying :  "The  path  blazed  by  Miss  Anthony  nearly 
sixty  years  ago  is  now  an  easy  one  to  follow.  There  are  few 
dangers  to  be  encountered  now  in  the  wilderness  of  woman's 
rights;  in  fact  it  is  not  a  wilderness  any  more  but  a  land  of 
promise  well  settled  by  many  citizens.  Today  to  proclaim  one's 
self  an  advocate  of  equal  suffrage  is  to  own  fellowship  with  the 
cleverest,  noblest  women  of  the  country.  The  women  who  as- 
sembled around  the  thirty  tables  at  this  luncheon  represented 
nearly  every  profession,  to  all  of  which  women  have  been  ad- 
mitted since  Susan  B.  Anthony  knocked  on  the  closed  doors  and 
presented  her  card." 

Each  of  the  city  papers  had  a  column  or  more  of  descriptions 
and  illustrations.  It  was  the  largest  luncheon  ever  given  at  this 
hotel  noted  for  such  entertainments  and  was  perfect  in  all  its 
appointments;  jonquils  predominated  in  the  handsome  floral 
decorations,  the  candle  shades  were  yellow  and  the  flags  which 
draped  the  walls  were  caught  up  with  broad  yellow  satin  ribbons. 
The  tables  were  set  in  the  great  ball-room ;  at  the  right  hand  of 


Copyright,  Judge  Co.    Photo  by  Mrs.  C.  R.  Miller. 

MISS  ANTHONY'S  LAST  PICTURE. 

Takbn  at  thb  Baltimore  Convbntion.  Onb  Month  Bbforb  Hbr  Death. 


[1906]  MISS  Anthony's  last  birthday.  141  i 

Mrs.  Catt  were  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw  and  Edwin  Mark- 
ham,  at  her  left  William  Lloyd  Garrison  and  Mrs.  Charlotte  B. 
Wilbour,  president  of  Sorosis,  while  the  other  speakers  extended 
along  the  side.  At  one  round  table  were  twenty-one  club  presi- 
dents; one  was  occupied  entirely  by  women  lawyers,  another  by 
women  physicians.  There  were  women  ministers,  sculptors, 
painters,  designers,  actresses,  singers,  editors,  writers,  civil  en- 
gineers, architects,  nurses,  settlement  workers,  trades  union 
women,  university  graduates  and  club  women  without  number. 
Mrs.  Catt  presided  with  the  dignity,  grace  and  tact  in  which  she 
was  unexcelled,  and  began  the  program  by  reading  a  telegram 
from  Miss  Anthony  which  said,  "The  word  of  a  woman  of 
eighty-six  cannot  be  relied  upon  like  that  of  a  girl  of  sixteen," 
and  conveyed  her  affectionate  greetings.  It  was  voted  at  once  to 
send  her  a  message  of  love  and  remembrance  with  the  hope  that 
she  would  be  with  them  on  her  eighty-seventh  birthday.^ 

Mrs.  Wilbour  gave  a  most  interesting  recital  of  the  early  days 
of  her  acquaintance  with  the  great  suffrage  leaders  and  told  of 
her  part  in  arranging  for  the  celebration  of  Miss  Anthony's 
fiftieth  birthday  in  this  same  city.  The  auditors  were  captivated 
by  Mrs.  Harriot  Stanton  Blatch's  clever  stories  of  her  mother's 
and  Miss  Anthony's  experiences.  Miss  Alice  Henry,  of  Aus- 
tralia, spoke  entertainingly  of  the  practical  effects  of  woman  suf- 
frage in  that  progressive  country.  Edwin  Markham's  exquisite 
poem  of  seventeen  stanzas — Song  to  the  Divine  Mother — "writ- 
ten to  the  glory  of  Susan  B.  Anthony,"  the  author  prefaced  by 
saying :  "This  song  should  be  read  in  the  light  of  the  deep  and 
memorable  truth  that  the  divine  feminine  as  well  as  the  divine 
masculine  principle  is  in  Grod — ^that  he  is  Father-Mother,  two  in 
one.  It  follows  from  this  truth  that  the  dignity  of  womanhood 
is  grounded  in  the  divine  nature  itself.  The  fact  that  the  deity 
is  man-woman  was  known  to  the  ancient  poets  and  sages  and  was 
grafted  into  the  nobler  religions  of  mankind." 

^  Besides  this  Mrs.  Catt  sent  her  own  message:  "You  may  be  sure  now,  as  always,  that 
you  have  the  tender  affection  and  sympathy  of  all  the  suffragists  in  the  land,  and  that 
the  army  of  those  who  love  you  and  stand  ready  to  help  the  cause  is  continually  growing 
in  numbers  and  strength."  And  that  from  Miss  Shaw  said:  "Your  heart  would  have 
warmed  with  happiness  at  the  universal  expressions  of  love,  appreciation  and  gratitude." 


141 2  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

William  M.  Ivans,  recently  the  candidate  for  mayor,  repre- 
senting the  reform  element  in  New  York,  made  a  speech  remark- 
able for  a  man  prominent  in  politics  at  a  critical  time,  in  the 
course  of  which  he  said : 

I  am  here  today  because  I  believe  this  to  be  my  place.  It  is  the  duty  of 
every  man  to  uphold  the  hand  of  every  woman  in  her  efforts  to  redress  a 
great  and  unspeakable  political  wrong.  How  can  any  man  with  a  heart  and 
a  soul  and  an  intellect  look  his  wife  or  daughter  in  the  face  and  say  that  he 
is  entitled  to  any  political  right  which  she  does  not  possess?  That  man 
has  the  soul  of  a  hypocrite  who  tells  you  that  he  believes  himself  entitled 
to  the  ballot  for  the  protection  of  his  life,  liberty  and  property  and  yet  wishes 
to  deny  to  his  wife,  the  mother  of  his  children,  an  equal  right  in  the  main- 
tenance of  hers.    Such  an  attitude  of  mind  is  inconceivable  to  me. 

I  can  never  make  a  good  advocate  of  woman  suffrage  because  to  me  the 
assertion  of  woman's  right  to  the  ballot  is  the  same  as  the  assertion  that  two 
and  two  make  four.  Suppose  some  people  maintained  that  two  and  two 
made  six,  and  others  declared  that  two  and  two  made  eight,  and  that  an 
assemblage  of  the  people  were  finally  to  rule  that  two  and  two  made  seven,  how 
would  you  go  to  work  to  prove  to  them  that  two  and  two  made  four?  I 
find  it  just  as  difficult  to  prove  woman's  right  to  the  ballot.  We  ought  to 
put  the  question  in  another  way:  By  what  right  does  man  withhold  that 
right?  Not  in  the  name  of  right  at  all,  but  in  the  name  of  might,  unthink- 
ing and  brutal.  ; 

And  if  I  cannot  conceive  of  the  denial  of  this  right  by  man,  still  less  can 
I  understand  its  denial  by  woman.  Of  all  inconceivable  things  on  earth,  the 
women  anti-suffragists  are  the  most  so.  They  consider  themselves  qualified 
to  discuss  these  questions  but  not  qualified  to  cast  a  vote.  They  organize 
societies  to  clean  our  streets  and  promote  good  government  of  all  kinds,  yet 
refuse  the  ballot  which  would  enable  them  to  choose  servants  to  do  these 
very  things.  They  prefer  privileges  to  duty.  Let  them  do  their  duty  and  not 
be  so  supremely  unwomanly  as  to  seek  nothing  but  privilege. 

History  shows  us  that  women  are  the  civilizers  of  society.  They  are  the 
beings  who  make  the  characters  of  men,  and  to  assert  that  they  have  not 
tl^e  right  to  vote  by  the  side  of  men  is  the  absolute  negation  of  reason. 

Mr.  Ivans  closed  with  a  tribute  to  Miss  Anthony  as  "the  great- 
est and  finest  historical  character  which  America  has  yet  pro- 
duced," and  said,  "When  we  come  to  fill  our  Pantheon  with  our 
true  gods  and  goddesses  Susan  B.  Anthony  will  occupy  the 
highest  place." 

Several  noted  women,  beloved  friends  and  children  of  old 
friends  of  Miss  Anthony  were  introduced — Mrs.  Elizabeth  Smith 
Miller,  daughter  of  the  famous  Abolitionist,  Gerrit  Smith ;  Mrs. 


[1906]  MISS  Anthony's  last  birthday.  141 3 

Eliza  Wright  Osborne,  niece  of  Lucretia  Mott ;  Mrs.  Fanny  Gar- 
rison Villard,  daughter  of  William  Lloyd  Garrison ;  Countess  de 
Resse,  daughter  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  B.  Phelps,  in  whose  spacious 
home  in  East  Twenty-third  Street  Miss  Anthony's  cherished 
paper.  The  Revolution,  had  its  beginning.  Mrs.  Catt  presented 
also  Mrs.  Adelaide  Johnson,  the  sculptor,  whose  beautiful  bust  of 
Miss  Anthony  had  that  day  been  given  to  the  New  York  Metro- 
politan Museum  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Murray  Whiting  Ferris. 

Miss  Shaw  spoke  briefly  but  touchingly,  bringing  them  precious 
messages  from  Miss  Anthony  and  telling  them  how  best  they 
could  honor  her  and  make  her  happy.  The  scholarly  address  of 
William  Lloyd  Garrison  was  listened  to  with  deep  interest  as  he 
compared  the  careers  of  his  illustrious  father  and  Miss  Anthony, 
and  said : 

I  have  no  words  to  speak  my  own  reverent  regard  for  this  dear  old  friend 
of  fifty  years.  I  can  recall  her  earnest  pleas  for  the  slave's  freedom  when 
abolition  was  the  all-absorbing  question  and  before  emancipation  opened 
wider  opportunities  for  women  and  she  became  a  recognized  leader  of  the 
woman's  movement 

However  it  may  have  been  in  past  times,  wonderful  good  fortune  has  been 
the  part  of  many  once  despised  and  rejected  reformers  within  living  mem- 
ory. They  have  survived  not  only  to  witness,  as  Miss  Anthony  has  done, 
great  changes  in  the  direction  of  social  reformation,  but  to  see  prejudice 
and  hatred  yield  to  personal  appreciation  and  regard.  The  recent  Baltimore 
ovations  from  the  wealth  and  fashion  of  the  town  show  how  Mayfair  itself 
is  finally  conquered,  when  the  social  barometer  rises  to  fair  weather  in 
places  not  long  ago  storm  centres  of  woman  suffrage.  But  even  the  present 
change  of  public  sentiment  from  freezing  ridicule  and  contempt  to  respectful 
consideration  and  regard,  cannot  take  from  the  days  of  trial  their  glorious 
memories.  No  one  who  has  not  been  in  the  small  minority  when  truth  was 
assailed  and  its  defenders  persecuted,  can  realize  their  uplift  of  heart  and 
spirit  In  retrospect  the  hardships  of  the  Abolitionists  and  the  advocates  of 
Woman's  Rights  seem  glorified  and  enviable — ^not  only  seem,  they  were. 

To  delicate  and  sensitive  natures  the  misunderstanding  of  family  and 
friends,  the  coldness  and  bitter  feeling  of  a  conservative  atmosphere,  were 
harder  to  bear  than  bodily  discomforts  and  risks.  It  is  the  wounded  spirit 
through  which  reformers  with  high  hopes  and  brave  endeavor  chiefly  suffer. 
But  how  vast  the  compensation !  To  say  nothing  of  the  joy  inseparable  from 
consciousness  of  duty  done  and  self-respect  maintained,  no  words  can  esti- 
mate the  felicity  of  close  companionship  with  men  and  women  living  for 
ideals.  To  be  emancipated  from  trivial  and  transient  matters  and  to  move 
in  a  realm  where  the  great  realities  absorb  attention — ^what  prompting  to 
effort  and  aspiration! 


I414  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 


I  love  to  recall  the  words  of  John  Stuart  Mill :  *lf  you  aim  at  something 
noble  and  succeed  in  it  you  will  generally  find  that  you  have  not  succeeded 
in  that  alone.  A  hundred  other  good  and  noble  things  which  you  never 
dreamed  of  will  have  been  accomplished  by  the  way,  and  the  more  certainly, 
the  sharper  and  more  agonizing  has  been  the  struggle  which  preceded  the 
victory.  Though  our  best  directed  efforts  may  seem  wasted  and  lost  ninety- 
nine  times  in  every  hundred,  the  himdredth  time  the  result  may  be  greater 
and  more  dazzling  than  we  had  ever  dared  hope  for.    ..." 

When  I  think  of  my  father's  reception  at  the  London  Breakfast  in  1867, 
with  England's  noblest  men  to  greet  him,  and  of  Miss  Anthony,  whether  in 
England,  Germany  or  her  own  country,  welcomed  with  a  deference  and  dis- 
tinction which  those  bom  to  the  purple  might  covet,  I  gain  faith  in  the 
supremacy  of  justice  and  the  ultimate  triumph  of  human  rights. 


CHAPTER  LXXI. 


THE   PASSING   OF   SUSAN   B.    ANTHONY. 


1906. 

HE  journey  from  Washington,  after  the  celebration 
of  her  eighty-sixth  birthday  in  that  city,  was  made 
by  Miss  Anthony  without  great  discomfort,  her 
sister  Mary  and  the  trained  nurse  from  the  Johns 
Hopkins  Hospital  giving  her  the  most  careful  at- 
tention. They  reached  home  in  time  for  breakfast  on  February 
17.  Miss  Anthony  was  so  tired  that  she  did  not  go  up  stairs 
during  the  forenoon,  saying  she  would  lie  on  the  couch  in  the 
back  parlor  until  after  the  midday  dinner  and  then  go  to  her  room 
f  for  an  afternoon  nap.  This  she  did  and  never  afterward  was 
V  able  to  go  down  stairs.  The  severe  neuralgia  yielded  to  treatment 
in  a  few  days  and  the  nurse  returned  to  Baltimore,  as  it  was 
hoped  that  rest  and  quiet  would  be  sufficient  to  overcome  the  com- 
plete physical  prostration.  For  the  past  three  years  the  Anthony 
home  had  been  blessed  with  a  thoroughly  competent  housekeeper, 
Miss  Carrie  Bahl,  who  was  also  skilful  in  the  sick-room  and 
whom  Miss  Anthony  liked  to  have  about  her.  Miss  Mary's  gentle 
care  always  was  a  supreme  comfort  to  her,  and  in  a  short  time 
her  niece,  Miss  Lucy  E.  Anthony,  came  to  add  an  ever-welcome 
help  and  companionship.  Miss  Anthony  had  so  much  confidence 
in  her  physician,  Dr.  Marcena  Sherman-Ricker,  that  she  often 
said  she  felt  better  as  soon  as  the  doctor  came  into  the  house.  She 
would  rather  be  in  her  own  room  in  her  own  home  when  she  was 
ill  than  anywhere  in  the  world,  so  all  the  conditions  were  favor- 
able to  her  recovery. 

/     For  a  few  days  Miss  Anthony  seemed  slowly  to  improve,  took 
Ant.  Ill— 20  ( 141 5  ) 


I4l6  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

/  an  interest  in  affairs  and  was  cheerful  and  hopeful.  Lucy  read  to 
her  such  extracts  from  the  daily  letters  as  would  give  her  pleasure 

^and  she  sent  messages  to  the  writers.  Notwithstanding  every 
care,  however,  pneumonia  soon  developed  and  for  awhile  there 
appeared  to  be  no  chance  of  recovery.  Two  of  the  most  thor- 
oughly trained  nurses  in  the  city  were  placed  in  charge,  competent 
physicians  were  called  in  consultation  and  everything  known  to 
science  was  done  for  her  relief.  Her  strong  constitution  enabled 
her  to  rally  a  little  and  those  about  her  were  much  encouraged, 

I  but  on  March  4  both  lungs  became  involved.  Even  then  so  g^eat 
was  her  vitality  that  the  double  pneumonia  yielded  to  treatment 
and  the  lungs  became  practically  clear,  but  she  could  no  longer 
retain  food  and  steadily  lost  strength.  She  herself  felt  convinced 
that  she  would  not  recover  and  said  that  she  was  quite  ready  to 
go,  that  if  she  grew  better  she  would  soon  have  all  this  to  go 
through  again  and  the  end  might  just  as  well  come  now.  She  had 
not  a  fear,  not  a  r^ret,  only  calmness,  courage  and  rational  sub- 
mission. Through  all  her  illness  her  mind  was  perfectly  clear, 
which  was  a  great  satisfaction,  as  she  had  always  wished  that  she 
might  not  lose  her  faculties  and  still  continue  to  live. 

Through  all  these  days  Miss  Anthony  was  thoughtful  of  every- 
body around  her,  urged  the  housekeeper  to  take  some  rest  and 
begged  the  nurses  not  to  let  her  make  them  any  unnecessary 
trouble.  To  her  niece  she  said  often,  "You  have  always  been  a 
ministering  angel  in  this  house."  She  was  not  willing  that  any 
one  but  her  sister  should  comb  her  hair  and  each  morning  she 
would  say,  "O,  Mary,  there  are  no  hands  like  yours/'  She  seemed 
to  be  thinking  constantly  of  those  who  had  been  most  intimately 
associated  with  her  and  named  the  keepsake  that  should  be  given 
to  each,  seeming  to  divine  just  what  would  be  most  desired.    She 

^  was  absolutely  without  self-consciousness  and  there  was  scarcely 
a  moment  which  was  not  occupied  with  thoughts  of  the  work  for 
suffrage ;  of  those  who  had  been  with  her  in  the  past  and  of  the 
ones  to  whom  it  must  now  be  left.    Above  all  else  her  mind  was 

[  concentrated  on  the  approaching  suffrage  campaign  in  Oregon, 

1  where  a  victory  seemed  almost  assured.  She  had  not  expected  to 
go  to  that  State  herself  but  had  intended  to  raise  a  great  deal  of 

\ 


[1906]  THE    PASSING   OF   SUSAN    B.    ANTHONY.  I417 

r  money — had  done  so  in  fact — and  to  help  in  many  ways ;  and  she 
had  been  urging  her  sister  to  go,  partly  to  represent  her  and 
partly  to  care  for  Miss  Shaw,  who,  she  feared,  would  break  down 
under  the  heavy  responsibility.  All  the  time  she  was  thinking 
and  planning  as  her  life  slowly  ebbed  away,  and  leaving  mes- 
sages for  friends  and  directions  about  the  work  even  after  she 
^ad  ceased  to  be  able  to  speak  above  a  whisper. 

At  the  time  of  Mrs.  Stanton's  death  the  present  writer  prepared 
a  number  of  magazine  articles  which  gave  Miss  Anthony  especial 
pleasure  because  they  were  accurate  in  statement  and  showed  an 
intimate  knowledge  of  Mrs.  Stanton's  character  and  work.  She 
said  then  and  often  afterwards,  "I  hope  you  will  live  to  do  that 
service  for  me."  When  it  became  publicly  known  that  she  was 
nearing  the  end,  urgent  requests  came  from  various  magazines 
for  sketches  which  must  be  ready  for  use  when  they  went  to 
press  the  middle  of  the  month.  The  writer  felt  that  her  duty  to 
Miss  Anthony  lay  rather  in  remaining  in  Washington  and  pre- 
paring these  than  in  joining  the  anxious  watchers  at  the  home 
where  no  assistance  could  be  rendered ;  and  so  all  these  sad  days, 
and  nights  also,  she  tried  to  tell  the  story  of  that  noble  life  in 
fitting  words,  and  the  last  of  five  articles  was  finished  on  the 
evening  of  the  day  when  the  one  they  had  attempted  to  portray 
was  laid  to  rest  beneath  the  winter's  snow.  The  Rev.  Anna  How- 
ard Shaw,  one  of  those  nearest  and  dearest  to  Miss  Anthony, 
was  at  her  home  in  Philadelphia  performing  another  duty  in  her 
preparations  for  going  to  Oregon  to  conduct  a  three  months' 
/campaign,  but  was  getting  daily  word  from  Rochester  and  hoping 
I  against  hope.  As  she  was  finally  at  the  bedside  almost  every 
^  hour  of  the  last  week  her  account  of  those  precious  days  possesses 
\a  value  beyond  that  of  all  others.. 

**0n  the  morning  of  March  7  I  awoke  with  a  feeling  that  Miss 
Anthony  wanted  me.  It  grew  upon  me  so  that  I  finally  said,  *I 
must  go  to  Aunt  Susan  today,  I  am  so  strongly  impressed  that 
she  needs  me ;'  and  at  noon,  not  sending  word  ahead,  I  took  the 
train  for  Rochester,  arriving  there  at  nine  o'clock  at  night.  On 
reaching  the  house  I  found  a  placard  on  the  door  requesting  that 


141 8  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

no  one  should  ring  the  bell,  so  I  passed  around  the  side  and  saw 
Miss  Mary  sitting  at  the  table  in  the  old  place  reading,  and,  with- 
out her  hearing  me,  entered  and  stood  beside  her.  Looking  up 
she  exclaimed,  'Oh,  Anna  Shaw,  we  have  been  wanting  you  all 
day !  Early  this  morning  Sister  Susan  said  she  must  see  you  and 
talk  with  you.  She  insisted  so  much  that  I  should  write  you  that 
I  finally  did  so  and  about  an  hour  ago  mailed  the  letter.  I  never 
saw  her  so  persistent  in  anything  and  what  she  wants  to  talk  with 
you  about  is  in  regard  to  having  everything  she  possesses  put  into 
the  fund  which  Miss  Thomas  and  Miss  Garrett  are  going  to  raise 
for  suffrage  work/  I  answered,  1  felt  so  impelled  so  come  that, 
even  though  I  feared  I  might  not  be  permitted  to  see  Aunt  Susan, 
nevertheless  I  determined  to  come  and  hear  directly  how  she  is 
getting  on,  but  do  not  let  her  know  I  am  here  until  tomorrow.' 

"On  the  arrival  of  the  doctor  the  following  morning,  Miss  An- 
thony was  told  of  my  presence  in  the  house  and  immediately  in- 
sisted upon  seeing  me.  Although  she  was  very  weak,  the  doctor 
felt  there  would  be  less  danger  in  this  because  of  her  great 
anxiety  to  do  so  than  if  she  were  denied.  I  shall  never  forget  the 
expression  of  intense  joy  on  her  face  when  I  leaned  over  the  bed 
and  spoke  to  her.    Clasping  my  hand  in  both  of  hers  she  said, 
*I  have  longed  for  you  so  much  and  I  have  wanted  to  tell  you 
so  many  things.'  The  doctor  feared  to  have  her  become  excited 
because  of  the  extreme  weakness  of  her  heart  action,  and  only 
allowed  the  conversation  to  last  for  a  very  few  minutes,  but  al- 
most at  once  Miss  Anthony  said :  *I  want  particularly  to  tell  you 
{  that  I  wish  to  revoke  every  other  money  gift  which  I  have  made 
'  in  previous  letters  of  request  to  my  executors,  because  the  small 
'  amount  which  I  possess,  when  divided  up,  would  be  very  little 
■  for  each  one,  but  all  together  it  would  help  the  fund.    I  want 
.  every  dollar  I  have  to  go  for  that  purpose,  for  I  believe  it  will 
do  more  for  the  cause  that  way  than  in  any  other.'    She  then 
*  spoke  of  some  money  which  had  been  borrowed  from  her  and 
her  sister,  but  which  lihey  had  not  been  able  to  collect,  saying, 
*It  is  a  shame  that  those  men  will  take  our  little  bit  of  money, 
which  is  so  much  needed  in  our  work;  $1,500  would  do  a  great 
deal  to  help  it  along.'   I  replied,  'Perhaps  they  will  pay  it  now 


[1906]  THE   PASSING   OF   SUSAN    B.    ANTHONY.  I4I9 

that  they  know  it  is  your  last  request  that  it  should  go  to  the 
cause/  She  often  said  she  wished  she  had  been  able  to  raise  more 
money  and  make  the  work  easier  for  those  who  remained. 

"In  one  of  these  interviews  she  looked  up  and  there  was  an 
expression  of  infinite  tenderness  upon  her  face  as  she  said,  'These 
have  been  wonderful  years/  and  reaching  out  she  took  my  hand 
and  patted  it  affectionately,  sajring,  *How  many  happy,  happy 
times  we  have  traveled  about  together !  Day  and  night,  in  stage 
coaches,  on  freight  trains,  over  the  mountains  and  across  the 
prairies,  hungry  and  tired,  we  have  wandered.  The  work  was 
sometimes  hard  and  discouraging  but  those  were  happy  and  use- 
ful years/  On  one  occasion  when  she  was  very  tired  and  could 
not  speak  clearly  and  seemed  trying  to  remember  something,  I 
understood  her  to  say,  'Can  you  recall  the  trouble?'  and  suppos- 
ing she  was  thinking  of  one  particular  trouble,  I  asked  if  she 
wanted  to  speak  of  that  unhappy  time.  Smiling  she  said,  'Oh, 
no!  Let  us  recall  nothing  that  was  unhappy,  the  unhappiness 
isn't  worth  remembering,  it  is  only  the  good  that  counts.' 

"She  spoke  of  the  different  workers  with  whom  her  life  had 
been  associated  and  said,  'Their  faces  pass  before  me,  one  by  one, 
I  cannot  call  their  names  but  they  are  a  host  of  splendid,  loyal 
women  and  I  remember  and  love  them  all.  How  good  they  have 
been  to  me !  I  wonder  if  we  shall  know  each  other  in  the  here- 
after. Perhaps  I  can  do  more  over  yonder  than  I  have  done 
here.'  She  referred  often  to  the  members  of  the  National  Board, 
who  had  served  with  her  so  many  years ;  of  their  unselfish  labor 
for  the  cause,  of  their  loyalty  and  devotion  to  her,  speaking  of 
them  just  as  a  mother  would  talk  of  her  children  and  telling  of 
her  affection  for  them.  Among  those  to  whom  she  sent  special 
messages  of  loving  interest  was  Rachel  Foster  Avery  who  had 
been  as  a  daughter  to  her  for  many  years,  and  who  was  now  in 
Europe  with  her  own  daughters.  She  admonished  her  to  educate 
them  so  that  they  might  be  helpful  to  their  generation  as  their 
mother  had  been  to  hers,  and  she  spoke  of  the  beautiful  years 
of  Mrs.  Avery's  young  womanhood  when  she  had  devoted  not 
only  herself  but  her  means  so  generously  to  the  work. 

"She  never  wearied  in  hearing  me  talk  of  the  Baltimore  con- 


I420  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

vention,  of  the  valuable  service  rendered  by  President  Thomas 
and  Miss  Garrett,  of  their  affectionate  care  of  her  during  her 
illness  at  Miss  Garrett's  home,  and  said  no  daughters  could  have 
done  more  for  her  than  they  did.  And  then  she  recalled  many 
others  whose  hospitality  she  had  enjoyed  during  all  the  years. 
She  never  forgot  a  kindness  and  was  appreciative  of  every  little 
thing  that  was  done  for  her.  She  was  particularly  pleased  at  the 
thoughtful  tenderness  of  the  young  college  girls,  who  frequently 
sent  flowers  and  other  tokens  of  remembrance  through  these  days. 

"At  one  time  she  talked  of  the  money  which  her  brother,  Col. 
D.  R.  Anthony,  had  given  to  her  sister  Mary  to  be  used  at  any 
time  there  should  be  a  movement  of  the  women  of  the  country 
for  a  memorial  to  her,  and  said,  *I  hope  there  will  be  no  effort  to 
put  up  a  shaft  or  any  monument  of  that  sort  in  memory  of  me  or 
of  the  other  women  who  have  given  themselves  to  our  work.  The 
best  kind  of  a  memorial  would  be  a  school  where  girls  could  be 
taught  everything  useful  that  would  help  them  to  earn  an  honor- 
able livelihood ;  where  they  could  learn  to  do  anything  they  were 
capable  of,  just  as  boys  can.  I  would  like  to  have  lived  to  see  such 
a  school  as  that  in  every  great  city  of  the  United  States.' 

"She  never  complained,  but  once,  when  the  consciousness  of 
approaching  death  seemed  strongly  to  impress  itself  upon  her, 
she  said,  holding  up  her  hand  and  measuring  a  little  space  on  one 
finger,  'Just  think  of  it,  I  have  been  striving  for  over  sixty  years 
for  a  little  bit  of  justice  no  bigger  than  that,  and  yet  I  must  die 
without  obtaining  it.  Oh,  it  seems  so  cruel !'  *Yes,  it  is  cruel,'  I 
answered,  *but  remember  what  you  have  done  for  other  women 
in  all  these  years.  Your  grand  struggle  has  changed  life  for 
women  eversrwhere.  Think  of  all  the  splendid  opportunities  open 
to  the  young  women  of  today,  largely  through  your  efforts.'  *0h, 
yes,'  she  said,  *it  is  very  different  now,  and  most  of  the  young 
women  who  are  benefitting  by  it  haven't  the  least  idea  how  it 
came  about.  They  do  not  realize  the  change,  they  don't  know 
what  it  has  cost  other  women  to  get  it  for  them,  but  some  day 
they  will  learn.'  She  spoke  of  these  opportunities  for  young 
women  on  two  or  three  occasions  and  seemed  to  be  thinking 
about  them  a  great  deal. 


/ 


[1906]  THE   PASSING   OF   SUSAN   B.    ANTHONY.  I42I 

"I  was  allowed  to  see  her  four  or  five  times  a  day  and  each 
time  it  seemed  as  if  she  had  been  thinking  up  something  to  tell 
me  in  connection  with  the  work.  She  was  particularly  anxious 
that  I  should  warn  women  ever3rwhere  not  to  become  over  san- 
guine by  a  little  success  or  greatly  depressed  by  any  adverse  ac- 
tion, but  should  assure  them  that  the  strong  need  of  the  hour 
was  steadfastness  of  purpose  and  unfaltering  confidence  in  final 
triumph.  She  said  to  impress  upon  them  that  there  was  no  power 
on  earth  which  could  prevent  it  and  that  it  would  be  hastened  by 
the  faithfulness  and  loyalty  of  the  women  themselves. 

"I  tried  to  make  her  feel  that  she  would  get  well  but  she  was 
wiser  than  I  and  knew  better.  It  had  been  very  hard  for  me  to 
accept  the  presidency  of  the  association  and  I  did  so  only  at  Miss 
Anthony's  earnest  and  oft-repeated  solicitation.  Fearing  that 
after  she  had  passed  away  I  might  give  it  up,  she  besought  me 
over  and  over  again  to  promise  her  that  I  would  devote  all  the 
remaining  years  of  my  life  to  this  one  cause.  This  promise  I 
made  her,  that  so  long  as  the  association  desired  my  services  in 
any  capacity  and  felt  that  I  could  be  useful  I  would  give  my  entire 
time  to  it,  and  would  work  for  woman  suffrage  the  remainder 
of  my  life  in  the  best  way  I  could,  either  in  or  out  of  the  associa- 
tion. Over  and  over  again  she  repeated  her  request  and  I  re- 
peated my  promise.  She  particularly  urged  me  not  to  be  in- 
fluenced by  too  great  haste,  but  to  keep  steadily  on,  agitating  and 
educating,  to  strike  a  blow  whenever  an  opportunity  arose,  to 
take  what  came  without  fear,  not  to  expect  too  much  of  people, 
especially  not  to  expect  gratitude  or  feel  annoyed  if  any  par- 
ticular effort  were  not  appreciated,  but  as  far  as  possible  strive 
to  do  the  right  thing  and  then  bravely  accept  whatever  results 
might  come.  She  spoke  of  the  changing  attitude  of  public  senti- 
ment and  many  times  assured  me  that  I  need  have  no  fear  as 
to  the  outcome,  because  justice  must  prevail  sometime,  and  what 
was  needed  was  constant  patience  and  continual  work. 

"Once  I  said  to  her,  'Aunt  Susan,  as  you  look  back  on  the  past, 
if  you  had  to  live  it  over  again,  would  you  do  the  same?'  And 
without  a  moment's  hesitation  she  answered,  'Oh,  yes,  Td  do  it 
all  again ;  the  spirit  is  willing  yet ;  I  feel  the  same  desire  to  do  the 


1422  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

work  but  the  flesh  is  weak.  It's  too  bad  that  our  bodies  wear  out 
while  our  interests  are  just  as  strong  as  ever.'  Each  day  we 
talked  of  the  prospect  of  carrying  Oregon  and  I  would  cull  from 
the  letters  and  newspaper  clippings  a  fresh  bit  of  hope  to  give 
her.  Her  dear  face  would  lighten  up,  and  when  she  had  not  even 
strength  to  turn  her  beautiful  head  on  the  pillow,  her  eyes  would 
brighten,  and,  with  an  intensity  of  feeling  that  thrilled  me,  her 
faltering  voice  would  say,  'Oh,  if  I  were  only  able  to  be  there! 
I  long  for  it  so !' 

"One  day  when  my  heart  was  breaking  I  said,  'I  do  not  know 
how  I  can  live  and  do  this  work  without  you.  I  have  been  so  ac- 
customed to  come  to  you  for  advice  and  help  that  I  shall  be  ut- 
terly lost  without  your  counsel.  For  nearly  twenty  years  we  have 
been  together  in  every  campaign  and  in  all  the  great  meetings 
and  I  have  not  learned  to  walk  alone.  You  have  always  been  at 
hand  whenever  we  needed  you.'  *I  don't  know  much  about  the 
other  life,'  she  answered.  *Some  people  think  they  know  a  great 
deal  and  they  tell  us  what  will  and  will  not  happen.  I  cannot 
say,  but  this  I  do  believe,  that  if  anyone  there  can  help  or  in- 
fluence those  who  are  left  behind  in  this  life,  I  will  come  to  you. 
If  the  existence  beyond  the  grave  is,  as  most  of  us  believe,  a  con- 
scious existence,  I  do  not  see  how  my  interest  in  this  cause  can 
change  or  why  I  should  desire  less  to  work  for  it  than  when  I^ 
am  here  in  the  body.  I  am  sure  that  in  every  effort  for  woman's 
freedom  and  better  service  to  the  world  I  shall  be  as  deeply  con- 
cerned as  I  have  been  here,  if  there  is  any  way  of  knowing  about 
it,  and  if  it  is  possible  I  will  always  be  where  I  am  most  needed.' 
^  "She  seemed  to  improve  each  day  after  my  arrival  and  by 
.  Sunday  she  was  so  much  better  that  I  thought  I  would  go  home 
J  for  a  short  time,  fearing  that  her  desire  to  talk  might  injure  her 
chances  for  recovery.  That  morning  I  spoke  to  her  about  it  and 
at  first  she  objected,  but  when  I  told  her  the  doctor  thought  it 
would  be  better  for  her  if  she  did  not  talk  so  much  about  the 
work,  she  seemed  content  to  let  me  go  with  the  promise  that  I 
would  return  in  two  or  three  days.  Later  I  told  her  I  was  going 
to  dine  with  the  Gannetts,  and  that  after  I  returned  we  would 
have  one  more  visit  before  I  started  for  home.   She  seemed  very 


[1906]  THE   PASSING  OF   SUSAN   B.   ANTHONY.  I423 

cheerful,  sending  affectionate  messages  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gannett 
and  their  daughter  and  son.  When  I  left  the  room  she  waved  her 
hand  and  said,  *Come  back  soon;  Til  sleep  while  you  are  gone 
and  then  we'll  have  a  good  visit,  doctor  or  no  doctor.*  She  had 
rebelled  all  along  against  the  prohibition  of  more  than  fifteen 
minutes'  talk  at  a  time. 

"I  felt  almost  happy  for  it  seemed  as  if  Miss  Anthony  really 
might  recover,  but  when  I  returned  at  three  o'clock  the  nurse 
met  me  with  the  information  that  she  had  grown  suddenly  worse 
and  they  had  telephoned  for  the  doctor.  I  hastened  to  her  room 
and  found  her  in  great  pain  and  unable  to  speak  and  in  a  few 
minutes  she  became  unconscious.  On  the  arrival  of  the  physician, 
I  saw  from  the  expression  of  her  face  that  there  was  no  hope. 
Up  to  that  time  the  doctor  had  given  us  encouragement  to  look 
for  Miss  Anthony's  recovery,  but  she  had  had  serious  valvular 
heart  trouble  for  the  past  six  years,  and  the  weakness  from  pneu- 
l^monia  finally  caused  the  action  of  the  heart  to  fail. 

"From  half-past  three  o'clock  on  Sunday  afternoon  Miss  An- 
thony seemed  even  to  her  physician  to  be  unconscious,  but  for 
hours  I  knelt  at  her  bedside  holding  her  hand  and  hoping  for  a 
recognition.  At  length  I  was  called  from  the  room  and  a  niece, 
Mrs.  Margaret  McLean  Baker,  took  my  place.  When  I  returned 
I  sat  at  the  head  of  the  bed  and  placed  my  hand  on  Miss  An- 
thony's forehead.  In  an  instant  she  reached  up  and  took  it  and 
the  doctor  said,  *I  think  she  knows  you.'  I  knelt  at  her  side, 
clasped  her  hand  in  mine,  laid  my  face  on  it  and  asked  her  if  she 
knew  me.  It  seemed  as  if  she  tried  to  speak,  and  I  said,  *If  you 
know  me,  I  wish  you  would  press  my  hand.'  Immediately  she 
pressed  it  and  made  an  effort  to  speak,  and  I  asked,  'Do  you 
want  me  to  promise  you  again  that  I  will  never  give  up  the  work 
as  long  as  I  live  ?'  Immediately  she  drew  away  her  hand  and  laid 
it  on  my  head  as  if  in  benediction,  and  then  taking  my  hand  she 
drew  it  to  her  lips  and  tried  to  kiss  it.  Several  times  thereafter 
during  the  long  night,  she  would  press  my  hand,  and  probably 
for  twelve  hours  after  she  was  stricken  she  was  more  or  less  con- 
scious. After  that  I  could  get  no  response  from  her,  and  yet  she 
could  feel  the  moment  my  hand  unclasped  and  would  reach  after 


1424  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

it.  The  nurse  said  she  missed  its  warmth,  as  one  in  sleep  nestles 
toward  warmth  and  comfort;  but  I  felt  that  in  those  last  weary 
hours  it  was  her  longing  to  feel  comradeship,  which  even  in  her 
partial  unconsciousness  remained  with  her. 

"By  morning  Miss  Anthony  had  apparently  passed  into  pro- 
found unconsciousness  and  made  no  sign  but  all  that  day  I  re- 
mained at  her  bedside  and  she  clung  to  my  hand.  It  seemed  as  if 
when  she  was  entering  into  the  Dark  Valley  she  still  held  fast 
to  the  human  friendships.  Her  sister  Mary,  with  the  silent  forti- 
tude that  had  governed  her  entire  life,  sat  by  the  bedside  motion- 
less and  speechless  through  all  those  long  hours,  and  only  they 
who  understood  the  deep  devotion  of  that  heroic  soul  to  her  elder 
sister  could  know  the  agony  that  she  endured. 

"At  the  midnight  hour  the  brave  heart  had  almost  ceased 
its  beating,  and  at  twenty  minutes  before  one  on  the  morning  of 
Tuesday,  March  13,  it  was  stilled  forever." 


Never  was  the  adage,  "A  prophet  is  not  without  honor  save 
in  his  own  country,"  more  fully  disproved  than  in  the  respect 
shown  to  Miss  Anthony  in  her  own  city  of  Rochester,  which  had 
been  her  home  for  more  than  sixty  years.  On  the  day  of  her 
death  the  Democrat  and  Chronicle  contained  a  sketch  of  her  life 
filling  more  than  nine  columns;  the  Union  and  Advertiser  and 
the  Herald  had  over  seven  columns  each ;  the  Post-Express,  the 
afternoon  paper,  had  six  columns  and  the  Evening  Times  about 
the  same.  All  published  large  portraits  and  editorials  of  a  column 
or  more.  For  the  next  three  days  each  paper  filled  several  col- 
umns daily  with  copies  of  letters,  telegrams,  resolutions  and 
tributes.  On  the  day  after  the  funeral  the  Democrat  and  Chron- 
icle devoted  nearly  eight  columns  to  the  services  and  other  mat- 
ters connected  with  the  occasion ;  the  Evening  Times  more  than 
a  page,  and  the  other  papers  many  columns.  It  would  have  been 
wholly  impossible  for  the  newspapers  of  any  city  to  do  more 
to  prove  their  esteem  and  appreciation  of  a  citizen.  On  the 
morning  of  her  passing  away  the  Union  and  Advertiser  said  in 
its  sketch : 


Copyright,  (irace  A.  Woodworth. 

SHE  GAVE  HER  LIFE  FOR  WOMAN. 


/ 


/ 


[1906]  THE   PASSING  OF   SUSAN    B.    ANTHONY.  I425 

The  last  weeks  of  Miss  Anthony's  life  were  in  eminent  keeping  with  her 
whole  career;  the  magnificent  struggle  which  the  aged  patient  made  against 
death  was  as  fearless  as  was  her  lifelong  battle  in  the  cause  which  she  espoused 
and  did  so  much  for— equal  suffrage  and  woman's  rights.  Time  and  again 
when  it  seemed  as  if  Miss  Anthony  must  succumb  to  the  demands  of  advanc- 
ing years,  she  rallied  her  enfeebled  forces  and  with  a  tenacity  that  was  heroic 
and  inspiring  clung  to  life,  while  the  whole  country  waited  and  watched  with 
prayerful  interest  the  life  and  death  struggle  which  was  going  on  in  the  modest 
Madison  street  home.  It  was  only  when  her  heart,  worn  out  by  the  long  battle, 
was  no  longer  able  to  respond  to  the  powerful  will  that  Susan  B.  Anthony 
gave  up  her  life  work. 

The  Post-Express  said  in  the  afternoon  of  that  day : 

The  same  quiet  peace  and  restfulness  which  permeated  the  life  into  which 
Susan  Brownell  Anthony  came  as  a  child  of  Quaker  parents  living  in  their 
refined  and  comfortable  but  unostentatious  home  in  Massachusetts  eighty-six 
years  ago,  now  lend  a  halo  of  calm  to  the  house  and  household  where  her  re- 
mains rest  awaiting  the  last  rites  and  honors  of  the  citizens  of  her  adopted 
community,  and  the  tokens  of  respect  from  her  admirers  all  over  the  United 
States. 

A  Quaker  bom,  a  Unitarian  in  death,  the  tenets  of  her  faith  are  beautifully 
expressed  this  morning  in  the  rays  of  sunlight  that  are  permitted,  unchecked 
by  blinds,  to  stream  into  the  rooms  of  the  saddened,  grief-stricken  gathering 
of  women  who  have  watched  lovingly  over  the  last  days,  hours  and  minutes  of 
the  life  of  Susan  B.  Anthony.  A  wreath  of  lovely,  fragrant  violets  hung  on  the 
door  is  all  that  betokens  a  distinction  between  that  house  and  others  in  the 
secluded  street. 

In  a  double  column  of  heavy  black-faced  type  the  Evening 
Times  said : 

Wgmen  well  may  mourn.  The  soul  of  a  system  and  a  creed  left  the  world 
last  night  when  Susan  B.  Anthony  crossed  the  Great  Divide.  The  dominant 
mind  that  guided  the  destinies  of  the  greatest  woman's  movement  of  the  cen- 
tury is  stilled.  A  soul,  the  greatness  of  which  it  remains  for  posterity  to  dis- 
cover, shook  off  its  fettering  clay  and  soared  to  its  place  in  the  empyrean. 
Women  well  may  mourn. 

As  a  pioneer  of  woman  suffrage  she  braved  ridicule  until  she  won  her  meed 
of  respect  and  admiration.  As  the  leader  of  a  movement  of  recognized  worth 
and  power  she  lent  dignity  to  the  cause.  In  her  life  her  labor  was  the  sustain- 
ing power  of  what  is  as  truly  a  creed  as  the  tenets  of  a  church.  Her  death, 
calm,  resigned  and  peaceful,  was  a  benediction  on  that  creed.  She  gave  to  it 
all  her  worldly  possessions. 

In  the  greatness  of  her  thought  there  was  no  blemish.  She  was  an  apostle 
as  truly  as  the  men  who  followed  the  Nazarene ;  a  patriot  as  truly  as  the  lead- 
ers who  fought  for  the  freedom  of  a  nation  even  as  she  fought  for  equality  and 


1426  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

freedom  from  the  yoke  of  custom ;  a  martyr  as  truly  as  those  sainted  ones  who 
gave  their  lives  for  a  principle. 

In  the  garish  brilliancy  of  a  world's  admiration  she  turned  to  Rochester  as 
"home."  Her  heart  was  here ;  for  sixty  years  her  work  had  its  inception  here ; 
in  the  Flower  City  the  bud  of  a  mighty  force  blossomed  to  its  fullness ;  through 
her  Rochester  was  honored  of  the  world.  Well  may  the  women  of  Rochester 
mourn  with  the  women  of  the  world.* 

The  mayor  of  the  city  offered  his  appreciation  and  afterwards 
ordered  the  flags  at  half-mast  as  follows  : 

In  the  death  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  Rochester  loses  a  citizen  who  for  many 
years  has  commanded  the  respect  and  admiration  of  our  people  without  regard 
to  belief  in  or  dissent  from  the  principle  for  which  no  sacrifice  was  too  great, 
no  effort  too  hard  for  her  to  make.  If  she  had  not  been  so  well  and  widely 
known  as  the  champion  of  woman  suffrage  as  to  overshadow  every  other  in- 
terest of  her  life,  more  people  would  think  of  her,  as  might  well  be  done,  as 
the  unwearied  worker  in  every  cause  for  the  uplifting  not  only  of  her  sex  but 
of  humanity. 

Tomorrow  (Thursday)  will  be  held  the  funeral  services  for  Susan  B.  An- 
thony. It  is  fitting  that  this  should  be  made  the  occasion  for  a  tribute  of  re- 
spect as  unusual  and  marked  as  were  her  personal  qualities  and  efforts  for  the 
many  causes  to  which  her  life  was  devoted.  It  is  suggested,  therefore,  that 
flags  be  displayed  at  half-mast  throughout  the  dty,  and  the  attention  of  the 
custodians  of  all  city  buildings  is  called  to  this  request' 

The  papers  contained  columns  of  testimonials  from  prominent 
citizens,  and  extracts  from  a  few  of  these  will  illustrate  the  char- 
acter of  all.  President  Augustus  H.  Strong,  of  the  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary  (Baptist)  said: 

Miss  Anthony  had  strong  natural  force  of  character  and  great  nobility  of 
soul.  She  espoused  the  cause  of  the  whole  sisterhood  of  women  and  gave  her 
life  to  uplift  them.  She  had  some  masculine  qualities  as  well  as  feminine. 
She  could  meet  a  rough  and  bitter  opponent  with  a  sarcasm  and  ability  that 
fairly  benumbed  and  silenced  him,  but  for  all  that  she  was  a  true  woman,  a 
woman  of  large  heart,  great  kindliness  of  spirit,  compassion  for  the  world  and 
determination  to  right  the  wrongs.  There  have  been  few  such  examples  of 
life-long  devotion  to  a  great  cause,  and  we  honor  ourselves  in  doing  honor  to 
her  memory. 

^  Editorials  of  Rochester  papers  and  those  of  other  cities  will  be  found  in  the  Appendix. 

>On  the  day  of  Miss  Anthony's  funeral  the  flags  on  the  State  House  of  Kansas,  in 
Topeka,  and  on  the  City  Hall  of  Leavenworth  and  the  City  Hall  of  Los  Angeles,  Cali- 
fornia, were  flown  at  half-mast. 


[1906]  THE   PASSING   OF   SUSAN    B.    ANTHONY.  I427 

President  Rush  Rhees  of  the  University  of  Rochester  said  in 
the  course  of  his  eulogy : 

The  trait  of  Miss  Anthony  which  most  strongly  impressed  those  who  had 
anything  to  do  with  her  was  her  untiring  moral  energy.  Nothing  could  have 
been  more  characteristic  of  her  life  than  the  determination  manifested  in  her 
last  days  to  dedicate  every  atom  of  her  strength,  every  particle  of  her  influence 
and  every  dollar  that  she  possessed  or  could  secure  to  the  promotion  of  the 
cause  which  she  regarded  as  essential  to  the  fullest  development  of  the  largest 
influence  and  the  truest  liberty  of  her  sex.  Those  who  have  not  been  con- 
vinced by  the  arguments  for  woman  suffrage  that  seemed  to  her  conclusive, 
yield  to  none  in  admiration  for  the  sterling  worth,  the  valid  renown,  the  re- 
markable intellectual  power  and  the  exalted  moral  earnestness  of  Susan  B. 
Anthony. 

"She  was  the  foremost  woman  in  all  the  world,"  said  Mrs. 
W.  L.  Howard,  president  of  the  Local  Council  of  Women,  "and 
yet  it  was  marvelous  how  she  could  be  interested  in  the  smallest 
affairs  of  everyday  life,  and  was  never  too  busy  to  talk  and  coun- 
sel with  women  about  their  children  and  the  affairs  of  their 
home  life."  Mrs.  Mary  T.  Lewis  Gannett,  who  was  on  terms 
of  closest  intimacy  with  her,  said  in  ending  her  tribute:  "She 
was  a  wonderful  combination  of  strength  and  gentleness.  Chil- 
dren loved  her.  The  world  knew  of  her  intense  earnestness,  her 
great  force,  but  the  knowledge  of  her  sweetness  and  tenderness, 
of  her  beautiful,  womanly  graciousness,  is  the  especial  heritage 
of  the  wom.en  of  her  own  city,  and  the  benediction  of  her  life  will 
be  with  us  and  inspire  us  as  long  as  we  live." 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Clarence  A.  Barbour,  of  the  Lake  Avenue  Bap- 
tist Church  said  in  part :  "Now  that  the  blow  has  fallen,  we  can 
only  thank  God  that  He  has  given  to  this  community  the  glory 
and  the  privilege  of  having  had  Miss  Anthony's  home  among 
us.  Her  single-hearted  devotion  to  her  conviction  of  truth  and 
justice  has  made  her  one  of  the  great  women  of  the  ages." 

Mrs.  Helen  Barrett  Montgomery,  now  the  most  prominent 
woman  of  the  city,  expressed  the  universal  feeling  when  she  said : 

In  the  death  of  Miss  Anthony  Rochester  has  lost  not  only  its  most  eminent 
citizen  but  a  rare  and  beautiful  personality.  Great  as  is  her  work,  the  woman 
herself  was  greater  and  finer.  To  keep  as  she  kept  at  eighty-six  her  sense  of 
humor  and  proportion,  her  interest  in  people,  her  kindling  enthusiasm,  her 


1428  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

faith  in  the  future  and  her  capacity  for  friendship  undimmed,  is  a  more  difficult 
achievement  than  any  to  which  she  set  her  hand.  No  one  came  into  association 
with  Miss  Anthony  who  did  not  feel  the  atmosphere  of  unselfish  devotion,  sin- 
cerity and  comradeship  in  which  she  lived.  No  little  kindness  was  too  small 
for  her  to  do,  no  service  too  slight  for  her  to  recognize.  She  made  all  women 
feel  that  she  had  found  the  secret  of  keeping  charm,  interest  and  vitality  to  the 
end  of  a  long  life  in  the  abandonment  of  her  whole  being  to  the  accomplish* 
ment  of  a  great  and  unselfish  purpose. 


( 


CHAPTER  LXXII. 

THE  FUNERAL  OF  AMERICA'S  GREAT   WOMAN. 
1906. 

T  was  at  first  the  wish  of  the  family  that  the  funeral 
services  should  be  held  in  the  Unitarian  Church, 
which  Miss  Anthony  had  attended  for  over 
fifty  years,  but  it  was  strongly  urged  upon  them 
that  in  justice  to  the  public,  to  whom  in  a  great 
measure  Miss  Anthony  belonged,  a  larger  one  should  be  selected. 
The  Brick  Church  (Baptist),  the  Jewish  Temple  and  the  Central 
Presbyterian  were  offered;  the  last  was  chosen  because  of  its 
special  adaptability.  The  desire  of  the  people  to  look  upon  her 
face  once  more  was  so  manifest  that  it  was  arranged  to  have  her 
lie  in  state  from  ten  o'clock  till  half-past  one  on  the  day  of  the 
funeral. 

During  Tuesday  and  Wednesday  Miss  Anthony  lay  in  an 
upper  chamber  of  her  home,  and  here  just  those  who  had  been 
the  very  nearest  and  dearest  to  her  in  life  came  often  to  gaze 
on  their  beloved  and  commune  with  the  spirit  that  seemed  still 
to  linger  in  this  sacred  place.  Wednesday  evening  they  brought 
her  down  into  the  front  parlor  and  laid  her  in  the  casket  of 
Quaker  gray  on  its  downy  bed  of  white  silk  and  chiffon.  She  was 
robed  as  in  life  in  her  soft,  black  satin  dress  with  its  usual  gar- 
'niture  of  delicate  lace,  and  on  her  breast  was  the  Wyoming  pin, 
the  little  enamelled  flag  with  its  four  diamond  stars  typifying 
the  four  free  States.  The  silver  hair  crowned  the  classic  head 
with  a  shining  halo,  the  noble  face  seemed  chiselled  in  purest 
marble  and  she  was  grandly  beautiful  in  death.  At  the  head  of 
the  casket,  on  the  old,  round  mahogany  table  on  which  the  Wom- 

(1429) 


I430  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

an's  Declaration  of  Rights  had  been  written  in  1848,  were  the 
handsome  floral  pieces  sent  by  National  Associations,  while  both 
parlors  were  filled  with  cut  flowers  and  blooming  plants  from  so- 
cieties and  individuals  in  many  cities.  All  of  the  arrangements  at 
the  house  were  under  the  careful  supervision  of  Mrs.  Mary  T. 
Lewis  Gannett. 

The  relatives  and  a  few  of  the  most  intimate  friends  were 
gathered  here  on  Thursday  morning,  and  after  all  had  looked 
again  and  again  into  the  dear  face  and  whispered  their  farewells, 
the  casket  was  reverently  borne  from  the  home  to  the  church 
through  the  heavily  falling  snow.  It  was  placed  in  front  of  the 
pulpit  with  a  background  of  palms  holding  in  the  center  a  sheaf 
of  wheat  wreathed  in  white  roses.  On  the  casket  lay  a  large  clus- 
ter of  violets  and  a  sflk  American  flag  was  draped  across  the  foot. 
A  Guard  of  Honor  had  been  chosen  from  the  young  women  of 
the  Political  Equality  Club  and  the  Susan  B.  Anthony  League, 
and  four  at  a  time,  dressed  in  white  and  standing  at  either  end  of 
the  casket,  remained  on  duty  while  the  body  lay  in  state:  Char- 
lotte Gannett,  Gertrude  Blackall,  Charlotte  Anthony,  Helen 
Raynsford,  Florence  and  Marian  Mosher,  Charlotte  Dann,  Ida 
Kennon,  Florence  Howard,  Helen  Bowlby,  Mrs.  Florence  Fisher, 
Mrs.  Florence  Alexander. 

Four  policemen  stood  guard  at  the  residence  and  ten  were  on 
duty  at  the  church.  The  Post  Express  said  of  this  deeply  solemn 
occasion : 

Flags  at  half-mast  spoke  the  city's  mourning  for  Susan  B.  Anthony ;  crowds 
at  Central  Church  and  all  the  avenues  leading  to  it  testified  to  the  respect  and 
affection  of  the  citizens  of  Rochester  for  their  greatest  woman.  The  business 
men,  many  of  whom  had  been  converted  from  ridicule  to  belief  in  the  doctrines 
that  Miss  Anthony  promulgated,  showed  their  respect  by  lowering  their  flags 
and  drawing  their  blinds  as  the  procession  went  by  from  the  house  to  the 
church.   .   .   . 

In  the  quiet  church,  surrounded  by  no  masses  of  flowers,  no  twinkling  tapers, 
no  uniformed  guards,  lay  the  body  of  a  once  humble-minded  woman,  before 
whose  simplicity  and  steadfastness  the  etiquette  of  the  strictest  court  in  Europe 
had  been  laid  aside  and  whom  the  mistress  of  that  court  had  been  pleased  to 
call  friend. 

But  it  was  not  Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  leader  of  movements  and  the  president 
of  councils,  that  drew  so  many  people  to  Central  Church  today  to  look  upon 


[1906]      THE   FUNERAL   OF   AMERICANS   GREAT   WOMAN.  I43I 

her  immobile  face  and  say  their  brief  prayer  as  they  passed  through  the  aisle. 
It  was  rather  "Aunt  Susan,"  the  sharer  of  many  joys  and  griefs,  the  fighter  of 
small  battles  for  close  friends,  the  white  haired  guest  for  whom  homes  were 
always  open,  the  courteous,  sweet-souled  mistress  of  the  little  castle  in  Madison 
Street  that  she  called  home. 

Women  from  the  outer  world  brought  the  note  of  homage  to  a  leader.  Roch- 
ester made  no  secret  of  its  personal  grief.  There  must  have  been  people  of 
every  creed,  political  party,  nationality  and  plane  of  life  in  those  lines  that  kept 
filing  through  the  aisles  of  Central  Qiurch.  The  youth  and  the  age  of  the  land 
were  represented.  Every  type  was  there  to  bow  in  reverence,  respect  and  grief. 
Professional  men,  working  men,  financiers  came  to  offer  homage.  Women 
brought  little  children  to  see  the  face  of  her  who  had  aimed  at  being  the  emanci- 
pator of  her  sex,  but  whose  work  had  ended  just  as  victory  seemed  within  reach. 
Priests,  ministers  of  the  Protestant  faiths,  rabbis  of  the  Jewish  congrega- 
tions, came  to  look  upon  her  who  had  more  than  once  given  them  inspiration 
in  dark  moments.  Never  failing  in  faith,  believing  in  the  doctrine  that  to  labor 
is  to  pray.  Miss  Anthony  had  a  wonderfully  invigorating  effect  on  her  friends. 
This  morning  many  spoke  of  this  in  sorrow  that  it  was  no  longer  theirs  to 
claim. 

f   A  noticeable  feature  was  the  many  negroes  who  passed  the  bier.    Their  emo- 
'tion  was  indicated  in  the  typical  forms  of  their  race.    One  old,  white-haired 
/  man,  limped  down  the  aisle,  stood  for  a  moment  at  the  casket  and  plucking  a 
i   leaf  from  a  wreath  said,  "FU  keep  this  to  'member  Miss  Anthony  by."  .  .   . 

In  a  beautiful  description  Mrs.  Isabel  C.  Barrows  said:  "It 
was  an  impressive  picture,  the  g^eat  church,  the  casket  draped 
in  the  American  flag,  with  well-won  palms  and  garlands,  the 
white-robed  girls,  with  downcast  eyes,  like  angelic  forms  keep- 
ing vigil  beside  it,  and  the  ceaseless  procession  that  filed  past  the 
silent  sleeper." 

It  was  estimated  that  nearly  10,000  people  passed  by  the  bier, 
'  and  when  it  was  necessary  to  close  the  doors  and  prepare  for 
the  services  hundreds  were  still  in  the  line  outside,  while  other 
hundreds  were  waiting  at  the  four  entrances  to  the  church  to 
take  the  places  assigned.  Special  sections  were  reserved  for  the 
Board  of  Education,  the  heads  of  the  city  departments,  Women's 
Educational  and  Industrial  Union,  Political  Equality  Club,  Local 
Council  of  Women,  W.  C.  T.  U.,  the  various  associations  of  Col- 
lege Women,  the  Women's  Medical  Society,  official  representa- 
tives of  the  schools  and  other  bodies,  and  delegates  from  suffrage 
societies  over  all  the  State.    The  National  Woman's  Christian 

Temperance  Union  was  represented  by  its  vice-president,  Miss 
Ant.  Ill— 21 


1432  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

Anna  Gordon ;  the  National  Suffrage  Association  by  its  treasurer, 
Mrs.  Harriet  Taylor  Upton;  the  New  York  State  Suffrage  As- 
sociation by  its  president,  Mrs.  Ella  Hawley  Crossett. 

The  nine  trustees  of  the  church  acted  as  ushers.  Two  nephews, 
D.  R.  Anthony,  of  Leavenworth,  and  Wendell  P.  Mosher,  of 
Minneapolis,  and  four  trustees  of  the  Unitarian  church,  the  Hon. 
George  Herbert  Smith,  Eugene  T.  Curtis,  Dr.  H.  W.  Hoyt  and 
J.  Vincent  Alexander,  served  as  active  pall-bearers,  while  the 
honorary  pall-bearers  were  selected  from  the  University  of  Roch- 
ester: Misses  Ina  M.  Coe,  president  Students'  Association  for 
Women ;  Ethel  J.  Kates,  president  Senior  Class ;  Evelyn  O'Con- 
nor, president  Alumnae  Association ;  Beulah  E.  Fuller,  president 
Junior  Class;  Bertha  G.  Adams,  president  Freshman  Class; 
Laura  Lawless  and  Enid  Morris,  representing  the  College  Young 
Women's  Christian  Association  and  the  Women  Students'  Ath- 
letic Association. 

The  entrance  of  the  honorary  bearers  in  their  black  gowns  and 
mortar  boards  announced  the  coming  of  the  family  and  imme- 
diate friends.  They  brought  with  them  the  flowers  from  the 
house,  and  the  space  around  the  casket  was  soon  banked  with 
roses,  carnations,  hyacinths,  violets,  lilies  of  the  valley  and 
mignonette,  filling  the  church  with  fragrance.  It  was  quickly 
crowded  to  its  entire  seating  capacity  of  2,500  and  many  hun- 
dreds were  turned  away  sorrowful.  On  the  rostrum  were  the 
Rev.  C.  C.  Albertson,  pastor  of  the  church;  the  Rev.  William 
Channing  Gannett,  minister  of  the  Unitarian  Church ;  the  Hon. 
James  G.  Cutler,  mayor  of  the  city;  Dr.  Rush  Rhees,  president 
of  the  University  of  Rochester;  Mrs.  Carrie  Chapman  Catt, 
president  of  the  International  Woman  Suffrage  Alliance;  the 
Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw,  president  of  the  National  American 
Woman  Suffrage  Association ;  Mr.  William  Lloyd  Garrison,  Mrs. 
R.  Jerome  Jeffrey,  the  Rev.  William  S.  Carter,  assistant  pastor 
of  the  church. 

The  music  finely  rendered  by  the  organist,  Elbert  Newton, 
was  of  a  hopeful  and  inspiring  character — ^a  grand  selection  from 
Lohengrin,  the  prelude  from  Parsifal,  and,  as  the  family  en- 
tered, Mendelssohn's  "Consolation."    The  church  quartette  pre- 


[1906]      THE   FUNERAL   OF   AMERICA'S   GREAT   WOMAN.  I433 

ceded  the  service  with  two  hymns,  Chadwick's  "It  Singeth  Low 
In  Every  Heart,"  and  Whittier's  "All  as  God  Wills,  Who  Wisely 
Heeds ;''  after  the  prayer  Miss  May  Marsh  sang  with  deep  feel- 
ing, Tennyson's  "Crossing  the  Bar" ;  at  the  conclusion  the  con- 
gregation united  in  singing,  Gaskell's,  "Calmly,  Calmly,  Lay  Her 
Down."  The  Ninetieth  and  Seventy-first  Psalms  and  other  se- 
lections from  the  Scriptures  were  read  by  Dr.  Albertson.  It 
was  said  of  the  prayer  of  Mr.  Gannett :  "It  seemed  more  in  the 
nature  of  a  song  of  thanksgiving  than  a  prayer.  Almost  a  smile 
of  exaltation  was  on  the  face  of  the  pastor — of  whose  congrega- 
tion the  great  suffragist  was  so  long  a  member — ^as  he  expressed 
exultant  gratitude  for  the  life  that  had  been  lived." 

It  is  like  the  close  of  a  day  in  which  the  winds  have  been  high,  and  there 
have  been  storm  and  stress,  and  the  air  has  been  cleared  by  the  storm  and 
stress ;  and  now  the  day  is  done,  the  shadows  are  lengthening  and  we  sit  in  the 
first  moment  of  the  afterglow,  and  the  skies  are  still  bright  with  the  sun  that 
has  set.  Let  us  lift  our  prayer  of  trust  and  of  thanksgiving  for  the  glory  of 
the  day. 

^Father,  what  have  we  to  think  when  we  stand  in  the  presence  of  death? 
What  to  say?  That  thou  art  never  so  much  the  good  God  to  us  as  just  at 
these  moments  when  the  voice  to  which  there  is  no  echo  comes  into  the  home 
and  says,  "It  is  I,  be  still,  fear  not,  for  I  am  God."  And  then  something  passes, 
the  quiet  settles  on  the  face,  and  the  eyes  that  greeted  us  with  love  are  closed, 
and  the  hands  whose  touch  has  grown  familiar  no  longer  respond— and  we  call 
it  Death.  But  underneath  our  sadness  we  feel  the  tides  of  gladness,  and  un- 
derneath the  wonder  and  the  mystery  of  it  we  feel  the  glory  of  the  assurance 
that  death  is  but  the  shadow  that  the  great  light  causes.  So  our  hearts  begin 
to  sing  and  rise  to  strains  triumphant ;  and  we  feel  never  so  within  thy  heart, 
O  God  of  light  and  love,  as  when  our  faces  whiten  and  our  eyes  are  filled  and 
our  hands  are  empty. 

We  come  in  this  sad,  glad  mood  today  and  listen  to  what  death  teaches  us  of 
the  deathlessness  of  life,  to  catch  the  supreme  message  that  thou  dost  send  to 
mortal  heart. 

Father,  we  thank  thee.  Sad — of  course ;  our  hearts  are  aching,  but  we  come 
in  gladness  of  heart.  Thanksgiving  fills  our  hearts  and  lips.  What  do  we 
thank  thee  for?  For  herself,  her  woman's  self;  the  gentle  greatness  of  her 
spirit;  the  woman's  self  who  loved  the  home;  who  loved  it  well  enough  to 
pledge  herself  to  make  the  homes  of  earth  more  beautiful,  wherever  word  of 
hers  could  go.  We  thank  thee  for  herself — for  the  way  in  which  thou  didst 
choose  and  commission  her  to  do  high  service,  and  for  the  way  in  which  she 
took  her  part  and  said  unto  herself:  "I  go  in  the  strength  of  right,  to  make 
the  right  triumphant  on  the  earth;  I  go  in  the  name  of  the  undone  right  to 


1434  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

make  it  real ;  I  go  in  the  name  of  the  forgotten  justice  to  make  it  remembered 
in  high  places  and  in  low ;  I  go  in  the  name  of  the  silent  and  the  silenced  ones 
to  give  them  voice." 

We  thank  thee  for  the  heart  of  duty  in  her.  We  thank  thee  for  the  dauntless 
will  in  her.  We  thank  thee  for  the  way  in  which  she  heard  the  contumely  of 
the  world  and  listened  not,  but  listened  to  the  voices  that  called  her  on  and  on 
through  all. 

We  thank  thee  for  the  perfect  and  persistent  consecration  of  her  life  to  that 
high  will  revealed  to  her.  We  thank  thee  for  her  utter  selflessness,  by  which 
all  that  was  in  her  of  strength  of  body,  strength  of  soul,  of  mind  and  heart, 
was  made  a  perfect  one  with  the  cause  that  she  felt  was  laid  upon  her  to  fulfil 
on  earth. 

We  thank  thee  for  the  way  in  which,  taught  by  thee,  her  heart  learned  the 
old  secret  that  throbbed  in  Jesus'  heart,  that  those  who  lose  their  life  for  right 
and  God  shall  find  it. 

And  Father,  still  our  prayer  01  thanksgiving  goes  on.  We  thank  thee  for  her 
service.  We  thank  thee  for  the  world  made  whiter,  justice  made  more  just, 
since  she  has  lived  and  spoken  upon  the  earth,  tired  yet  tireless  in  her  efforts. 
We  thank  thee  for  the  beauty  of  new  womanhood  that  has  dawned  above  us 
and  around  us.  We  thank  thee  for  that  dream  she  dreamed  of  men  and  women 
in  a  true  togetherness,  a  perfect  equalness,  each  with  the  other's  hand,  each 
with  the  other's  mind,  each  with  the  other's  heart,  each  with  the  other's  con- 
science, and  so  walking,  true,  two  and  two,  through  the  light  and  through  the 
night,  through  suffering,  sorrow,  joy,  through  failure,  through  success,  helping 
to  make  the  world  more  beautiful,  together. 

And  Father,  we  thank  thee  that  there  is  something  left  for  us  to  do.  We 
thank  thee  that  her  dream  did  not  come  real,  as  she  so  longed  to  have  it ;  that 
she  dreamed  a  larger  dream  than  one  life  could  fulfil ;  that  it  was  hers  to  say 
at  last: 

"Others  shall  sing  the  song. 
Others  shall  right  the  wrong. 
Finish  what  I  begin. 
And  all  I  failed  of  win." 

We  know  that  her  heart  ached  while  she  listened  to  thy  word,  "I  have  caused 
thy  eyes  to  look  upon  the  land,  but  thou  shalt  not  enter  into  it."  So  we  take  it 
as  her  bequest  to  us  to  do  the  unfinished  work,  that  her  dream  may  be  realized 
— to  establish  the  new  justice  and  equality  of  right. 

God,  speed  her  on  into  a  more  perfect  consecration  and  selflessness — ^if  it  be 
possible — ^where  angels  walk  I  God,  bless  her !  All  our  hearts  are  blessing  her. 
We  fear  nothing  for  her.  We  fear  nothing  in  her  presence,  as  she  lies  here 
silent.  We  hear  her  word,  "Failure  is  impossible"  for  right,  for  good ;  for  God 
is  God,  and  they  who  serve  his  will  are  doomed  to  success.  God,  bless  her; 
comfort  those  who  miss  her ;  inspire  those  who  knew  and  loved  her  to  do  thy 
will  I    Amen. 

The  first  address  was  made  by  William  Lloyd  Garrison : 


[1906]      THE   FUNERAL   OF   AMERICA'S   GREAT    WOMAN.  I435 

The  world  has  long  discerned  and  duly  acknowledged  the  noble  character 
and  service  of  Susan  B.  Anthony.  On  each  recurring  birthday  of  her  ripened 
years,  she  has  received  the  respectful  homage  of  men  and  the  passionate 
tribute  of  grateful  women.  Devoid  of  vanity  and  oblivious  of  self,  her  constant 
thought  was  of  the  great  movement  to  which  her  life  was  given. 

The  change  in  woman's  outlook  and  opportunity  since  her  early  days  was 
full  of  cheer,  but  the  self-evident  justice  of  her  cause  made  the  delay  in  grant- 
ing it  a  source  of  wonder  and  constant  disappointment.  No  rest  could  come  to 
that  active  mind  and  tireless  body  while  a  legal  shackle  rested  upon  her  sisters. 
Star  after  star  broke  out  in  the  darkened  firmament  to  which  her  eyes  unceas- 
ingly turned.  Four  States  of  the  Union  lifted  from  women  all  political  dis- 
abilities; Great  Britain  and  Scandinavia  yielded  a  modified  suffrage;  and  in 
New  Zealand  and  Australia  the  battle  was  fully  won.  Yet  how  our  friend 
longed  for  the  complete  triumph  in  her  own  land  I  She  was  willing  to  bear  the 
ills  of  age  if  only  the  jubilee  could  be  sounded  while  her  living  ears  could 
receive  the  glad  tidings. 

Remembering  Miss  Anthonsr's  indifference  to  personal  eulogy,  which  she  in- 
variably turned  to  the  credit  of  the  cause,  I  shall  not  try  to  repeat  in  varying 
words  the  tribute  of  love  and  appreciation  so  often  paid.  Let  me  rather  recur 
to  half-a-century  ago,  when  the  fresh  and  earnest  Quaker  school  mistress  en- 
tered upon  her  consecration  to  the  cause  of  the  imbruted  slaves  and  to  the  up- 
lifting of  oppressed  womanhood.  Out  of  the  first  movement  the  second  grew, 
and  what  more  natural  than  the  impulse  which  led  the  new  disciple  to  seek 
acquaintance  with  the  Abolition  leaders ! 

In  my  father's  crowded  household  she  came  a  welcome  gfuest,  a  helper  and 
not  a  hindrance.  Unassuming,  earnest,  sympathetic,  attractive  to  children,  she 
won  easily  and  completely  my  mother's  heart  It  was  a  time  of  stress  for  the 
tired  housekeeper,  who,  with  scanty  means,  must  furnish  hospitality  to  all 
coming  in  the  name  of  human  liberty.  Some  were  indeed  burdens  but  more 
were  sources  of  delight,  and,  like  "Susan",  which  she  became  at  once,  even  to 
infant  tongues,  melted  into  the  family  like  those  of  kin.  Indeed  the  ties  of 
unpopular  reformers  are  often  closer  than  those  of  blood. 

At  that  time  the  struggle  for  woman's  rights  was  already  launched.  The 
London  Anti-Slavery  World's  Convention,  in  1840,  to  which  the  American 
women  delegates  were  refused  admission  on  account  of  sex,  with  Lucretia 
Mott  and  Mary  Grew  among  the  rejected,  marks  the  inception  of  the  organ- 
ized woman's  movement  which  later  developed. 

The  heroic  Grimke  sisters  of  South  Carolina  and  Abby  Kelly  were  the  first 
to  tread  the  bitterly  hostile  path  of  public  speaking,  forced  to  assert  their 
rights  as  women  to  plead  for  black  men  in  chains.  Lucy  Stone,  in  her  charm- 
ing youth,  fresh  from  Oberlin,  a  curiosity  as  the  product  of  a  college,  had  fol- 
lowed closely  these  elder  pioneers.  But  ridicule  and  coarse  invective,  verging 
on  the  brutal,  were  still  to  be  encountered,  and  Miss  Anthony  faced  them  with 
undaunted  courage.  Personal  dangers  were  little  feared,  but  to  tender  and 
sensitive  women  the  constant  wounding  of  the  spirit  to  which  they  were  sub- 
jected, both  from  men  and  from  unthinking  and  conventional  women,  was 
indeed  a  trial. 

In  retrospect,  however,  these  indignities  counted  as  naught,  a  thousand  times 


1436  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

offset  by  the  precious  association  into  which  such  self-effacement  for  an  ideal 
brought  kindred  souls.  What  were  the  sneers  of  subsidized  editors,  or  the 
social  slights  of  fashionable  women,  or  even  misunderstood  motive,  compared 
with  the  friendship  of  Parker,  Garrison,  Whittier,  Phillips,  Curtis,  Pillsbury, 
Foster,  Gerrit  Smith,  Frederick  Douglass,  and  their  compeers,  occupying  the 
stage  where  the  real  history  of  the  times  was  making?  Although  a  period  of 
national  darkness,  it  was  to  actors  in  the  momentous  drama  one  of  exaltation 
and  joy.  Faith  in  the  supreme  laws,  fidelity  to  conviction,  the  larger  life  that 
blesses  those  who  follow  truth,  brought  a  peace  of  mind  past  comprehension 
and  dwarfed  the  everyday  annoyances  that  shut  out  the  sunlight.  The  period- 
ical conventions  were  full  of  excitement,  interest  and  refreshment  Harmoni- 
ous in  purpose  but  with  lively  differences  of  opinion,  they  were  fruitful  in 
animated  discussions.  To  reformers'  children  of  those  days,  no  modem  enter- 
tainment can  compare  to  these. 

The  felicitous  conjunction  of  Miss  Anthony  and  Mrs.  Stanton  will  long  re- 
main a  type  of  faithful  friendship.  Each  brought  separate  offerings  to  the 
cause,  the  lack  of  one  supplied  by  the  abundance  of  the  other.  Both  will  be 
linked  in  the  history  of  the  struggle.  One  can  imagine  Mrs.  Stanton  the  mag- 
net of  a  salon,  a  Madame  de  Stael,  whose  quick  wit  and  gracious  presence 
charmed  and  attracted;  but  there  was  no  better  place  to  view  Miss  Anthony 
than  on  the  platform.  There,  with  ease  not  exceeded  by  Mrs.  Stanton  in  the 
social  circle,  she  made  the  audience  her  guests  and  friends.  She  attempted  no 
set  speeches,  pretended  to  no  felicity  of  diction,  caring  nothing  for  periods 
but  everything  for  clarity  and  directness,  reaching  her  point,  "straight  as  a 
line  of  light".  Simple,  practical  and  ingenuous,  her  unpremeditated  remarks 
carried  that  quality  of  nature  that  makes  the  whole  world  kin.  To  hear  her 
for  only  five  minutes  was  to  dissipate  for  all  time  the  prejudices  of  an  oppo- 
nent. Whatever  might  be  the  disagreement  with  her  sentiments,  the  onlooker 
could  never  afterwards  doubt  the  sincerity  and  lovable  character  of  this  re- 
markable woman,  who  inspired  such  enthusiasm  and  loyalty  among  her  co- 
workers. It  was  impossible  for  her  to  escape  being  "Aunt  Susan"  to  all  the 
younger  members  of  the  faith. 

Dissensions  are  inevitable  in  all  human  organizations,  those  of  reform  in- 
cluded. The  contrary  points  of  view  regarding  methods,  and  the  personal 
equations  which  always  enter,  cause  lines  of  cleavage  and  make  grievances  that 
rankle.  The  wounds  of  the  enemy  are  marks  of  honor,  but  those  of  fellow 
reformers  pierce  to  the  marrow.  No  one  experienced  these  tribulations  more 
than  did  this  positive  and  self-reliant  leader.  Within  or  without  the  society 
she  maintained  a  firm  front  against  all  antagonists,  assured  of  the  rectitude  of 
her  motives  and  the  soundness  of  her  judgment  It  was  no  pride  of  opinion, 
for  she  was  ever  amenable  to  reason.  The  interest  of  her  cause  was  her  first 
and  final  consideration.  These  breaches  lessened,  if  they  were  not  altogether 
healed,  as  the  victory  neared.  Estranged  comrades  again  united.  It  will  be 
with  the  woman  suffrage  as  it  was  with  the  anti-slavery  movement  when  the 
goal  is  reached — the  internal  friction  will  be  lost  sight  of  in  the  grand  result, 
"As  morning  drinks  the  morning  star." 

The  familiar  figure,  that  to  some  of  us  has  seemed  perennial  as  the  seasons, 
will  be  missed  sorely  when  the  anniversaries  accentuate  her  absence.     What 


[1906]      THE   FUNERAL   OF   AMERICA'S   GREAT    WOMAN.  I437 

has  become  of  that  indomitable  spirit,  the  wisest  know  not.  No  realm  can  be 
wherein  this  gentle  yet  rugged  reformer  would  not  find  something  to  improve. 
No  primrose  path  of  dalliance  could  bring  happiness  to  her  being.  But  we  are 
grateful  that  in  our  time  and  sphere  she  spent  her  mortal  Hfe.  "What  would 
not  a  man  give,"  said  Socrates,  "if  he  might  converse  with  Orpheus  and 
Musaeus  and  Hesiod  and  Homer?  Nay,  if  this  be  true,  let  me  die  again  and 
again.  I,  too,  shall  have  a  wonderful  interest  in  a  place  where  I  can  converse 
with  Palamedes  and  Ajax,  the  son  of  Telamon,  and  other  heroes  of  old  V*  And 
if  the  possibilities  suggested  by  the  ancient  philosopher  exist,  what  infinite 
delight  awaits  our  friend,  who  carries  with  her  the  blessings  of  the  down- 
trodden and  the  gratitude  of  her  generation ! 

Mrs.  R.  Jerome  Jeffrey,  a  woman  of  education  and  influence, 
who  had  lived  in  Rochester  many  years  and  been  often  at  the 
Anthony  home,  spoke  as  follows : 

We,  the  colored  people  of  Rochester,  join  the  world  in  mourning  the  loss  of 
our  true  friend,  Susan  B.  Anthony.  Years  ago,  when  it  meant  a  great  deal  to 
be  a  friend  to  our  poor,  down-trodden  race,  Susan  B.  Anthony  stood  side  by 
side  with  William  Lloyd  Garrison,  Wendell  Phillips,  Lucy  Stone,  Abby  Kelly 
Foster,  Frederick  Douglass  and  others,  fighting  our  battles  and  espousing  the 
cause  of  an  enslaved  people. 

Well  do  we  remember  the  12th  of  December  last,  at  the  centennial  of  the 
birth  of  WiUiam  Lloyd  Garrison,  in  the  Zion  Church,  when  she  stood  in  the 
pulpit  and  told  of  the  struggles  of  Garrison  and  the  trials  of  the  noble  women 
and  men  engaged  in  the  anti-slavery  movement  Then  she  spoke  of  her  life 
work,  the  suffrage  movement.  She  bade  us  look  forward  to  better  and  brighter 
days  that  would  surely  come  to  us  as  a  race,  and  as  we  looked  up  into  her 
sweet  face  and  listened  to  her  words,  they  seemed  like  a  benediction. 

Little  did  we  think  it  would  be  her  last  address  to  us  as  a  race.  With  you, 
her  dear  sister  Mary,  we  sympathize  in  your  great  loss.  The  colored  churches 
in  this  city,  the  National  and  State  Federations  of  Colored  Women,  the  fed- 
erated clubs  of  the  association,  the  little  Girls  of  Busy  Bee,  who  at  their  last 
meeting  stated  that  they  would  send  with  their  offering  of  flowers  money  for 
Oregon,  all  extend  to  you  their  tender  sympathy ;  your  loss  is  our  great  loss. 

The  members  of  the  Susan  B.  Anthony  Club  of  this  city  bow  their  heads  in 
sorrow  for  their  great  leader.  She  was  our  friend  for  many  years— our  cham- 
pion. Sleep  on,  dear  heart,  in  peace,  for  we  who  have  looked  into  thy  face,  we 
who  have  heard  thy  voice,  we  who  have  known  something  of  thy  great  life 
work — we  pledge  ourselves  to  devote  our  time  and  energies  to  the  work  thou 
has  left  us  to  do. 


Mrs.  Chapman  Catt  said  in  her  eulogium : 

Every  century  has  produced  a  few  men  and  womc 
world  has  adjudged  worthy  of  perpetuation.    The  dear  friend  who  has  gone 


t/    Every  century  has  produced  a  few  men  and  women  whose  memories  the 


1438  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

from  us  was  one  of  our  century's  immortals.  Both  friends  and  foes  of  the 
causes  she  espoused  are  agreed  that  this  honor  is  hers.  Her  eighty-six  years 
measure  a  movement  whose  results  have  been  more  far-reaching  in  the  change 
of  conditions,  social,  civil  and  political,  than  those  of  any  war  of  revolution 
since  history  began. 

When  this  woman  opened  her  eyes  upon  the  light  of  our  world  there  was 
scarce  a  civilized  nation  whose  standards  were  not  tainted  by  the  protection  of 
human  slavery  somewhere  within  its  domain.  Not  a  woman  was  there  in  any 
land,  or  among  any  people,  who  did  not  live  under  the  shadow  and  the  oppres- 
sion of  laws  and  customs  which  should  have  been  found  alone  in  barbarism. 
When  Miss  Anthony  laid  down  her  self-appointed  task  of  uplifting  the  world 
to  a  more  just  order  of  things,  these  iniquities  had  passed  away  as  the  result 
of  that  mighty  movement  There  is  today  an  infinitely  broader  field  of  oppor- 
tunity, of  happiness  and  of  usefulness  for  women  than  when  she  came.  There 
is  an  immeasurably  sounder,  healthier  and  more  rational  relationship  between 
the  sexes  than  when  she  began  her  work.  There  is  a  higher  womanhood,  a 
nobler  manhood  and  a  better  humanity.  This  woman  for  a  large  part  of  half- 
a-century  was  the  chief  inspiration,  counselor  and  guide  of  that  movement. 
Few  workers  have  been  privileged  to  see  such  large  results  from  their  labors. 

There  were  great  women  associated  with  her  from  time  to  time,  women  of 
wonderful  intellect,  of  superb  power,  of  grand  character,  and  yet  she  was 
clearly  the  greatest  of  them  all,  the  greatest  woman  of  our  century,  and  per- 
haps the  greatest  of  all  times.  Although  she  possessed  intellectual  attributes 
in  full  measure  and  was  an  acknowledged  power  upon  the  platform,  there  were 
other  women  equally  well  endowed.  Her  greatness  lay  in  the  rare  qualities  of 
her  character,  which  have  not  been  duplicated  in  any  other  leader. 

Well  do  I  remember  my  first  intimate  work  with  Miss  Anthony  sixteen  years 
ago  in  a  campaign  in  South  Dakota.  She  was  then  seventy  years  of  age. 
Should  we  hear  of  man  or  woman  of  those  years  today  going  into  a  new  and 
sparsely  settled  country  to  conduct  a  campaign,  we  should  marvel  at  it.  Yet  so 
full  of  energy  and  determination  was  she  that  no  one  thought  of  her  age.  She 
remained  there  for  months,  living  under  hardships  and  privations  of  which  she 
never  complained.  Toward  the  close  of  that  campaign,  women  began  to  whis- 
per to  each  other  and  to  say:  "Oh,  if  we  lose  this  amendment  it  will  kill  Miss 
Anthony.  She  has  so  set  her  heart  upon  it  that  at  her  time  of  life  the  shock 
of  defeat  will  surely  prove  fatal."  So  we  all  redoubled  our  efforts,  working  no 
longer  for  the  cause  alone  but  for  her  sake  as  well.  The  day  after  the  vote 
was  taken,  we  gathered  in  the  headquarters  at  Huron  to  hear  the  returns.  As 
the  reports  piled  up  the  adverse  results.  Miss  Anthony  passed  from  one  to  an- 
other, giving  a  cheerful  word  everywhere,  smiling  always,  and  bringing  back 
the  fleeting  courage  of  all  with  her  strong,  "Never  mind,  never  mind,  there 
will  be  another  time.  Cheer  up,  the  world  will  not  always  view  our  question 
as  it  does  now !  By  and  by  there  will  be  victory."  This  incident  is  indicative 
of  her  true  greatness. 

It  was  that  hope  which  hoped  on  when  others  saw  nothing  to  hope  for ;  that 
splendid  optimism  which  never  knew  despair;  that  faith  which  never  forgot 
the  eternal  righteousness  of  her  cause;  that  courage  which  never  recognized 
disappointment,  that  tenacity  of  purpose  which  never  permitted  her  to  deflect 


[1906]      THE   FUNERAL   OF   AMERICA'S   GREAT    WOMAN.  I439 

in  the  slightest  from  the  main  object  of  her  life,  which  combined  to  make  her 
gp'eater  than  others.  This  is  the  combination  of  qualities  which  has  produced 
martyrs.  It  is  the  character  of  a  Savonarola  or  a  Bruno.  She  never  knew  de- 
feat. When  that  happened  which  others  called  defeat,  she  was  wont  to  think 
of  it  merely  as  the  establishment  of  a  mile  post  to  indicate  the  progress  which 
had  been  made,  and  she  never  doubted  that  victory  was  just  ahead. 

We  had  hoped  that  this  wonderful  woman  might  remain  with  us  for  many 
years  to  come.  We  believed  our  hopes  were  warranted  by  the  youth  which 
she  preserved  in  spite  of  her  advancing  years,  and  by  the  activity  and  ardor 
which  never  forsook  her.  We  had  hoped  that  she  might  see  the  full  fruition 
of  her  desires.  All  over  the  world  there  had  been  prayer  without  ceasing  that 
she  might  remain  until  her  dearest  hope  should  become  an  established  fact. 
But  I  believe  I  speak  for  all  enlightened  womanhood  when  I  say  that  we  al- 
most forget  the  grief  and  disappointment  in  the  prayer  of  thanksgiving  that 
this  great  soul  has  been  permitted  to  live  even  thus  long  and  to  give  its  splen- 
did service  to  the  world.  We  realize  that  her  life  has  given  to  many  nations  a 
higher  perception  of  life  and  duty  and  that  it  has  lifted  society  to  a  higher 
plane,  and  we  are  grateful.  We  are  rejoiced  that  she  was  permitted  to  make 
her  life  a  continual  and  triumphal  march  of  well-doing  until  the  very  end. 

She  seemed  to  have  been  especially  called  to  do  a  work  which  none  but  her 
could  do.  That  work  was  not  completed;  but  where  in  the  beginning  there 
was  but  a  tiny  force  of  workers,  now  there  is  a  vast  army  to  carry  it  on.  This 
army  has  its  leader,  a  superb  and  fearless  leader,  and  I  feel  sure  that  I  speak 
for  every  man  and  woman  in  this  army  when  I  say  that  we,  one  and  all,  at  the 
grave  of  her  whom  we  have  loved,  pledge  anew  our  loyalty  to  that  leader 
and  fresh  devotion  to  our  common  cause.  Perhaps,  then^  the  world  did  not 
need  her  any  more.  Perhaps  she  could  now  be  spared  to  go  to  her  well-de- 
served rest. 

But  we  mourn  her  today,  and  every  heart  aches  that  we  must  let  her  go.  We 
admire,  we  revere  and  we  honor  her  because  she  was  great,  but  we  mourn  her 
because  we  loved  her.  Who  can  tell  why  we  love?  There  was  something  in 
her  one  may  not  describe  which  won  our  hearts  as  well  as  our  devotion.  Per- 
haps it  was  her  simplicity,  her  forgetfulness  of  self,  her  thoughtfulness  of 
others,  which  made  us  love  her.  We  have  not  lost  a  leader  alone,  but  a  dear, 
dear  friend,  whose  place  can  never  be  filled.  We  shall  never  see  her  like  again. 

Had  the  poet  wished  to  put  into  verse  that  which  was  the  motto  of  her  life, 
the  spirit  which  always  actuated  her,  he  could  not  have  worded  it  better  than 
when  he  wrote : 

"To  the  wrong  that  needs  resistance. 
To  the  right  that  needs  assistance. 
To  the  future  in  the  distance 
Give  yourself." 

We  can  pay  her  no  higher  tribute  and  build  her  no  grander  monument  than 
to  write  those  words  in  our  hearts  and  make  them  the  guide  for  the  remainder 
of  our  lives,  as  we  go  on  with  the  work  she  laid  down. 

The  final  tribute  was  offered  by  Miss  Shaw,  of  whom  an  ac- 


I440  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

count  said:  "She  had  sat  through  the  service  with  white  face 
and  tremulous  lips,  showing  more  plainly  than  others  how  greatly 
she  was  bereaved.  It  was  with  difficulty  that  she  controlled  her- 
self at  the  beginning  of  her  address,  but  she  gained  self-posses- 
sion as  she  proceeded.  It  was  deeply  eloquent,  given  with  feeling 
so  intense  that  one  fancied  the  words  were  watered  with  tears. 
When  she  spoke  of  Miss  Anthony's  last  utterances  her  voice 
broke;  and  when  she  had  finished  she  retired  to  her  seat  as  if 
wholly  exhausted,  bowing  her  head  and  pressing  a  trembling  hand 
to  if' 

Your  flags  at  half-mast  tell  of  a  nation's  loss,  but  there  are  no  symbols  and 
no  words  which  can  tell  the  love  and  sorrow  that  fill  our  hearts.  And  yet,  out 
of  the  depths  of  our  grief  arise  feelings  of  truest  gratitude  for  the  beauty,  the 
tenderness,  the  nobility  of  example,  of  our  peerless  Leader's  life.  There  is  no 
death  for  such  as  she.  There  are  no  last  words  of  love.  The  ages  to  come  will 
revere  her  name.  Unnumbered  generations  of  the  children  of  men  shall  rise 
up  and  call  her  blessed.  Her  words,  her  work  and  her  character  will  go  on  to 
brighten  the  pathway  and  bless  the  lives  of  all  people.  That  which  seems 
death  to  our  unseeing  eyes  is  to  her  translation.  Her  work  will  not  be  fin- 
ished, nor  will  her  last  word  be  spoken,  while  there  remains  a  wrong  to  be 
righted  or  a  fettered  life  to  be  freed  in  all  the  earth.  You  do  well  to  strew 
her  bier  with  palms  of  victory  and  to  crown  her  with  unfading  laurel,  for 
never  did  more  victorious  hero  enter  into  rest. 

Her  character  was  well  poised.  She  did  not  emphasize  one  characteristic  to 
the  exclusion  of  others.  She  taught  us  that  the  real  beauty  of  a  true  life  is 
found  in  the  harmonious  blending  of  diverse  elements,  and  her  own  life  was 
the  epitome  of  her  teaching.  She  merged  a  keen  sense  of  justice  with  the 
deepest  love.  Her  masterful  intellect  never  for  one  moment  checked  the  ten- 
derness of  her  emotions.  Her  splendid  self-assertion  found  its  highest  realiza- 
tion in  perfect  self -surrender.  She  demonstrated  the  divine  principle  that  the 
truest  self-development  must  go  hand  in  hand  with  the  greatest  and  most 
arduous  service  for  others. 

Hers  was  the  most  harmoniously  developed  character  I  have  ever  known ;  a 
living  soul  whose  individuality  was  blended  into  oneness  with  all  humanity. 
She  lived  and  all  humanity  lived  in  her.  Fighting  the  battle  for  individual 
freedom,  she  was  so  lost  to  the  consciousness  of  her  own  personality  that  she 
was  unconscious  of  her  existence  apart  from  all  mankind. 

Her  quenchless  passion  for  her  cause  was  that  it  was  yours  and  mine, 
the  cause  of  the  whole  world.  She  knew  that  where  freedom  is,  there  is  the 
center  of  power.  In  it  she  saw  potentially  all  that  humanity  might  attain  when 
possessed  by  its  spirit.  Hence  her  cause — ^perfect  equality  of  rights,  of  oppor- 
tunity, of  privilege  for  all,  civil  and  political — ^was  to  her  the  bed-rock  upon 
which  all  true  progress  must  rest.  Therefore  she  was  nothing,  her  cause  was 
everything.   She  knew  no  existence  apart  from  it   In  it  she  lived  and  moved 


[1906]      THE   FUNERAL   OF    AMERICANS   GREAT    WOMAN.  I44I 

and  had  her  being.  It  was  the  first  and  last  thought  of  each  day.  It  was  the 
last  word  upon  her  faltering  lips.  To  it  her  flitting  soul  responded  when  the 
silenced  voice  could  no  longer  obey  the  will,  and  she  could  only  answer  our 
heart-broken  questions  with  the  clasp  of  her  trembling  hand. 

She  was  in  the  truest  sense  a  reformer,  unhindered  in  her  service  by  the 
narrowness  and  negative  destructiveness  which  often  so  sadly  hamper  the 
work  of  true  reform.  Possessed  by  an  unfaltering  conviction  of  the  primary 
importance  of  her  own  cause,  she  nevertheless  recognized  that  every  effort  by 
either  one  or  many  earnest  souls  toward  what  they  believed  to  be  a  better  or 
saner  life,  should  be  met  in  a  spirit  of  encouragement  and  helpfulness.  She 
recognized  that  it  was  immeasurably  more  desirable  to  be  honestly  and  ear- 
nestly seeking  that  which  in  its  attainment  might  not  prove  best,  than  to  be 
hypocritically  subservient  to  the  truth  through  a  spirit  of  selfish  fear  or  fawn- 
ing at  the  beck  of  power.  She  instinctively  grasped  the  truth  underlying  all 
the  great  movements  which  have  helped  the  progress  of  the  ages,  and  did  not 
wait  for  an  individual  or  a  cause  to  win  popularity  before  freely  extending  to 
its  struggling  life  a  hand  of  helpful  comradeship.  She  was  never  found  in  the 
cheering  crowd  that  follows  an  already  victorious  standard.  She  left  that  to 
the  time-servers  who  divide  the  spoil  after  they  have  crucified  their  Savior. 
She  was  truly  great — great  in  her  humility  and  utter  lack  of  pretension. 

On  her  eightieth  birthday  this  noble  soul  could  truthfully  say,  in  response  to 
the  words  of  loving  appreciation  from  those  who  showered  garlands  all  about 
her,  "I  am  not  accustomed  to  demonstrations  of  gratitude  or  of  praise.  I  have 
been  a  hewer  of  wood  and  a  drawer  of  water  for  this  movement  Whatever  I 
have  done  has  been  done  because  I  wanted  to  see  better  conditions,  better  sur- 
roundings, better  opportunities  for  women." 

Speaking  of  Miss  Anthony,  Lady  Henry  Somerset  said :  "She  has  the  true 
sign  of  greatness  in  that  she  is  absolutely  without  pretension.  No  woman  of 
fame  has  ever  so  thoroughly  made  this  impression  of  modesty  and  unselfish- 
ness upon  my  mind."  This  was  the  impression  she  made  upon  all  who  knew 
her,  and,  leaving  her  presence,  one  would  say,  "How  humble  she  is !"  Viewing 
her  life  achievements,  one  would  exclaim,  "How  transcendently  great  she  is !" 
No  wonder  she  has  won  a  name  and  a  fame  world-wide,  and  that  she  has 
turned  the  entire  current  of  human  conviction.  One  indeed  wrote  truly  who 
said  of  her :  "She  has  lived  a  thousand  years  if  achievement  can  measure  the 
length  of  life." 

She  whose  name  we  honor,  whose  friendship  we  reverence,  whose  love  we 
prize  as  a  deathless  treasure,  would  say,  "This  is  not  an  hour  for  grief  or  de- 
spair. If  my  life  has  achieved  anything,  if  I  have  lived  to  any  purpose,  carry 
on  the  work  I  have  to  lay  down."  In  our  last  conversation  when  her  prophetic 
soul  saw  what  we  dared  not  even  think,  she  said :  "I  leave  my  work  to  you  and 
to  others  who  have  been  so  faithful.  Promise  that  you  will  never  let  it  go 
down  or  lessen  our  demands.  There  is  so  much  to  be  done.  Think  of  it !  I 
have  struggled  for  sixty  years  for  a  little  bit  of  justice  and  die  without  se- 
curing it." 

Oh,  the  unutterable  cruelty  of  it !  The  time  will  come  when  at  these  words 
every  American  heart  will  feel  the  unspeakable  shame  and  wrong  of  such  a 
martyrdom ! 


1442  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

She  did  not  gain  the  little  bit  of  freedom  for  herself,  but  there  is  scarcely  a 
civilized  land«  not  even  our  own«  in  which  she  has  not  been  instrumental  in 
securing  for  some  women  that  which  she  herself  did  not  attain.  She  did  not 
reach  the  goal,  but  all  along  the  weary  years  what  marvellous  achievements, 
what  countless  victories!  The  whole  progress  has  been  a  triumphal  march, 
marked  indeed  by  sorrow  and  hardship  but  never  by  despair.  The  heart  some- 
times yearned  for  sympathy  and  the  way  was  long,  and  oh,  so  lonely,  but  every 
step  showed  some  evidence  of  progress,  some  wrong  righted,  some  right  estab- 
lished. We  have  followed  her  leadership  until  we  stand  upon  the  mount  of 
vision  where  she  today  leaves  us.  The  promised  land  lies  just  before  us.  It  is 
for  us  to  go  forward  and  take  possession.  Without  faltering,  without  a  deser- 
tion from  our  ranks,  without  delaying  even  to  mourn  the  loss  of  our  departed 
Leader,  the  faithful  host  is  marching  on.  Already  the  call  to  advance  is  heard 
along  the  line,  and  one  devoted  young  follower  writes :  "There  are  hundreds 
of  us  now  who  will  try  to  keep  up  the  work  she  so  nobly  began  and  brought  so 
nearly  to  completion.  We  will  work  the  harder  to  try  to  compensate  the  world 
for  her  loss."  Another  writes :  "I  believe,  as  you  go  forth  to  your  labors,  you 
will  find  less  opposition  and  far  more  encouragement  than  heretofore.  The 
world  is  profoundly  stirred  by  the  loss  of  our  great  General,  and  in  conse- 
quence the  lukewarm  are  becoming  zealous,  the  prejudiced  are  disarming  and 
the  suffragists  are  renewing  their  vows  of  fidelity  to  the  cause  for  which  Miss 
Anthony  lived  and  died.  Her  talismanic  words,  the  last  she  ever  uttered  be- 
fore a  public  audience,  'Failure  is  impossible,'  shall  be  inscribed  on  our  banner 
and  engraved  on  our  hearts." 

She  has  not  only  blessed  us  in  the  legacy  of  her  work  and  example  but  she 
has  left  us  the  dearest  legacy  of  her  love.  The  world  knew  Miss  Anthony  as 
the  courageous,  earnest,  unfaltering  champion  of  a  great  principle  and  the 
friend  of  all  reforms.  Those  of  us  who  knew  her  best  knew  that  she  was  all 
this  and  more ;  that  she  was  one  of  the  most  home-making  and  home-loving  of 
women.  To  her  home  her  heart  always  turned  with  tenderest  longing,  and  for 
the  one  who  made  home  possible  she  felt  the  most  devoted  love  and  gratitude. 
She  inscribed  upon  the  first  volume  of  her  Life  History,  "To  my  youngest 
sister,  Mary,  without  whose  faithful  and  constant  home-making  there  could 
have  been  no  freedom  for  the  out-going  of  her  grateful  and  affectionate  sister." 

To  this  home-making  sister  the  affection  of  every  loyal  heart  will  turn,  and 
we,  her  co-workers,  will  love  and  honor  her,  not  alone  for  this  devotion  to  her 
sister,  but  for  her  loyal  comradeship  and  faithful  service  in  our  great  cause. 
She  is  our  legacy  of  love,  and  it  will  be  the  joy  of  every  younger  woman  to 
bestow  upon  her  the  homage  of  affection. 

On  the  heights  alone  such  souls  meet  God.  In  silent  communion  they  learn 
life's  sublimest  lessons.  They  are  the  world's  real  heroes.  Hers  was  a  heroic 
life.  By  it  she  has  taught  us  that  the  philosophy  of  the  ancients  is  wrong; 
that  it  is  not  true  that  men  are  made  heroic  by  indifference  to  life  and  death, 
but  by  learning  to  love  something  more  than  life.  Her  heroism  was  the  hero- 
ism of  an  all-absorbing  love,  a  love  which  neither  indifference  nor  persecution 
nor  misrepresentation  nor  betrayal  nor  hatred  nor  flattery  could  quench;  a 
heroism  which  would  suffer  her  to  see  and  know  nothing  but  the  power  of  in- 
justice and  hatred  to  destroy,  the  power  of  justice  and  love  to  develop,  all  that 


[1906]      THE   FUNERAL  OF   AMERICA'S   GREAT   WOMAN.  I443 

is  best  and  noblest  in  human  character.  To  the  causes  which  such  souls 
espouse,  "Failure  is  impossible."  Truly  did  President  Thomas  say  in  her  ad- 
dress at  our  last  National  Convention,  *'0f  such  as  you  were  the  lines  of  the 
poet  Yeats  written : 

'They  shall  be  remembered  forever, 
They  shall  be  alive  forever, 
They  shall  be  speaking  forever. 
The  people  shall  hear  them  forever.' " 

Miss  Shaw  pronounced  the  benediction  and  then  Dr.  Albertson 
said :  "While  we  have  been  sitting  here  sheltered  from  the  storm, 
some  hundreds,  if  not  thousands  of  men,  women  and  children 
have  been  standing  in  the  snow,  waiting  to  look  upon  her  face 
once  more  before  we  put  this  precious  dust  away.  It  will  be  a 
gracious  thing  if  the  congregation  will  remain  seated  till  the 
people  outside  have  had  this  opportunity." 

The  calmness  and  self-control  of  Miss  Mary  Anthony  had  been 
marvelous,  but  this  last,  long  ordeal  was  almost  more  than  she 
could  endure.  An  account  said:  "The  sister  on  whom  this 
crushing  blow  had  fallen  with  greatest  force,  appeared  worn 
almost  to  the  point  of  collapse  by  the  stress  of  body  and  mind. 
Throughout  the  service,  however,  she  maintained  a  remarkable 
command  of  herself.  It  was  only  at  its  close,  after  hundreds  of 
persons  had  come  forward  to  see  the  dead,  that  her  grief  seemed 
about  to  break  through  her  self-control.  She  pressed  her  hand- 
kerchief hard  to  her  lips,  and,  though  her  face  was  gray  and 
drawn  with  anguish,  she  tried  to  keep  back  the  sounds  of  grief 
that  struggled  for  utterance.  She  bore  up  bravely  until  a  poor, 
old  colored  woman  came  in,  hobbling  on  a  crutch  and  assisted 
by  one  of  the  ushers ;  she  had  been  standing  outside  in  the  storm 
so  long  that  she  was  completely  covered  with  snow,  and  as  she 
gazed  on  Miss  Anthony's  face  she  sobbed  aloud.  Miss  Mary 
could  endure  no  longer ;  the  tears  streamed  down  her  cheeks  and 
it  seemed  as  if  her  heart  would  break." 

Mrs.  Barrows  said  in  her  description : 

Every  seat  in  the  church  was  filled,  but  no  one  stirred.  Tramp,  tramp, 
tramp,  came  an  army  in  single  file,  marching  with  quick  but  decorous  step  up 
one  aisle,  past  the  casket  and  down  the  other  aisle.  People  who  had  sat  calmly 
through  the  whole  service  broke  down  and  sobbed  as  this  living  stream  went 


1444  LI^E  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

by.  It  was  a  biting  storm  with  a  searching  wind,  and  as  the  people  came  in, 
old  and  young  and  little  children,  the  snow  covering  their  shoulders,  clinging 
to  their  hats,  blown  through  their  hair,  it  was  evident  enough  that  no  mere 
curiosity  had  held  them  in  that  fierce  storm  for  an  hour-and-a-half  waiting  for 
this  privilege.  They  were  the  plain  people,  the  people  whom  Abraham  Lincoln 
and  Susan  Anthony  loved,  and  who  returned  that  love  without  making  many 
words  about  it  Once  in  a  while  a  seal-skin  sack  went  by,  which  an  umbrella 
had  protected,  but  most  of  the  passers  had  not  even  had  an  umbrella,  as  their 
clothing  showed.  Black  and  white  followed  one  another,  for  Rochester  has 
many  colored  people  who  appreciate  what  a  friend  Miss  Anthony  has  been  to 
their  race.  The  old  and  the  decrepit  were  in  line  with  the  bright-faced  school 
girls,  who  will  always  remember  the  day  and  sometime  learn  how  truly  Miss 
Anthony  lived  for  them.  For  three-quarters  of  an  hour  the  people  passed 
without  haste  and  without  cessation  while  the  organ  played  softly  selections 
of  beautiful  music  Then  the  good  grey  head  and  the  placid  features  were 
shut  away  from  mortal  gaze  forever.   .   .   . 

The  public  were  not  expected  to  go  to  the  cemetery — ^they 
could  not  have  done  so  in  that  heavy  snow  storm — but  the  few 
carriages  of  the  relatives  and  close  friends  went  slowly  on  the 
long  journey  through  the  city  streets,  along  the  country  road  and 
at  last  up  the  broad  drive  which  led  to  the  beautiful  elevation  on 
Mt.  Hope  where  the  fir  trees  stood  tall  and  stately  in  their  robes 
of  snow.  Often  in  recent  years  Miss  Anthony  had  said,  "Anna, 
I  want  you  to  speak  the  last  word,"  and  as  the  casket  slowly  sank 
into  its  final  resting  place.  Miss  Shaw,  in  tender  and  reverent 
voice,  pronounced  the  solemn  words:  "Dear  friend,  thou  hast 
tarried  with  us  long;  thou  hast  now  gone  to  thy  well-earned  rest 
We  beseech  the  Infinite  Spirit  who  has  upheld  thee  to  make  us 
worthy  to  follow  in  thy  steps  and  carry  on  thy  work.  Hail  and 
farewell!" 

And  then  they  turned  away  in  the  gathering  darkness  and  left 
her  there  with  her  father  and  mother  and  sister  whom  she  loved 
and  longed  for ;  at  rest  after  four-score  years  of  ceaseless  work ; 
at  peace  after  a  lifetime  of  noble  strife;  gone  from  a  world  which 
was  infinitely  better  because  she  had  lived  and  wrought. 


A  little  while  afterwards  Mrs.  Harriet  Taylor  Upton  wrote: 
"Somehow  there  was  a  holiness  about  it  all  and  we  felt  that  Miss 
Anthony  had  but  gone  on  a  journey.  There  was  nothing  uncanny 


[1906]      THE    FUNERAL   OF   AMERICA'S   GREAT    WOMAN.  I44S 

about  the  house  when  we  returned,  and  as  we  gathered  for  the 
evening  meal  we  felt  how  happy  she  was  if  she  could  see  how 
closely  we  clung  to  the  sister  left  alone,  and  how  determined 
we  were  to  win  our  cause.  Each  one  rejoiced  that  her  path  had 
led  that  way;  each  one  consecrated  herself  anew.  Oh,  this  blessed 
mother  of  us  all,  how  glad  are  we  that  we  were  permitted  to 
lighten  her  burden  a  little,  to  inspire  her  with  trust,  to  help  her 
lay  down  her  work  peacefully !  The  thought  of  those  nearest  her 
seems  to  be  the  thought  of  all  her  followers,  for  upon  returning 
to  the  headquarters  we  find  letters  from  all  parts  of  the  country, 
expressing  sorrow,  profound  sorrow,  but  filled,  too,  with  this 
spirit  of  determination  never  to  give  up  the  fight.  And  this  spirit 
will  grow  and  grow  as  the  echoes  of  her  last  publicly-spoken 
words  reach  a  widening  and  ever  widening  circle — "Failure  is 
impossible." 

Just  before  Miss  Shaw  started  on  the  journey  to  Oregon,  a 
week  after  Miss  Anthony  had  been  laid  to  rest,  she  sent  this  mes- 
sage to  the  officers  of  the  National  Association : 

With  what  words  can  I  express  to  you  the  longing  I  have  to  see  you  all  to- 
day? If  we  could  only  meet  together  here  and  go  out  to  our  various  lines  of 
work  from  this  office  of  our  dear  Leader — ^the  little  room  from  which  she  has 
sent  to  us  and  to  the  world  so  many  messages  of  inspiration,  love  and  counsel 
— I  think  we  should  carry  a  benediction  with  us  which  would  both  comfort  our 
hearts  and  inspire  our  service.  As  I  sit  here  alone  today  I  seem  to  be  sur- 
rounded by  the  unexpressed  longings  which  she  tried  to  utter  as  her  spirit  was 
about  to  take  its  flight  .  .  .  She  talked  of  our  Official  Board  and  its  mem- 
bers, and  expressed  her  hope  and  belief  that  each  one  of  us  would  be  faithful 
and  never  let  our  association  go  down  or  diminish  our  demands  one  iota  until 
all  were  granted. 

From  this  hour  it  is  my  purpose  to  devote  every  minute  of  my  time  to  this 
one  cause.  I  shall  try  to  give  my  service  in  the  same  spirit  in  which  she  gave 
hers,  not  by  narrowly  excluding  thought  of  all  other  reforms  but  in  any  way 
that  will  be  helpful  to  ours  as  a  primary  purpose  of  life.  We  have  all  heard 
her  say,  over  and  over  again,  '*I  know  nothing  but  woman  and  her  disfran- 
chised." So  I  say  today,  ''Henceforth  I  shall  know  nothing  but  woman  and 
her  disfranchised."  The  cause  is  still  with  us.  Our  task  is  yet  to  be  done, 
with  the  added  responsibility  and  burden  which  she  has  bequeathed  to  us  as 
her  legacy.    Her  work  is  finished  and  now  we  must  go  on  with  ours. 


CHAPTER  LXXIII. 

LETTERS,    RESOLUTIONS    AND    MEMORIAL     MEETINGS. 

1906. 

N  the  day  of  Miss  Anthony's  death  the  Senate  of 
New  York  passed  the  following  resolution,  con- 
curred in  by  the  House : 

Whereas,  at  her  residence,  in  the  city  of  Rochester,  at  an 
early  hour  this  morning,  the  career  of  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  came  to  a 
close;  and 

Whereas,  because  of  the  distinguished  character  of  her  services  during 
the  eighty-six  years  of  her  life,  she  had  become  one  of  the  most  famous  and 
remarkable  women  of  her  time;  and 

Whereas,  because  of  her  unceasing  labor,  undaunted  courage  and  unselfish 
devotion  to  many  philanthropic  purposes  and  to  the  cause  of  equal  political 
rights  for  women,  her  death  creates  a  loss  which  will  be  mourned,  not  alone 
in  this  country  but  throughout  the  world;  therefore 

Resolved,  That  the  sympathy  of  the  people  of  the  State  be  extended  to  her 
family  in  their  bereavement,  and  that  a  copy  hereof  be  transmitted  to  her 
sister.  Miss  Mary  S.  Anthony. 

The  resolution  was  presented  by  Senator  W.  W.  Armstrong, 
Miss  Anthony's  townsman  and  personal  friend,  a  consistent  ad- 
vocate of  woman  suffrage,  and  in  offering  it  he  read  an  editorial 
from  the  morning's  Democrat  and  Chronicle,  of  Rochester,  sum- 
ming up  her  life  and  work,  and  said,  "It  recites  some  facts  we 
may  have  forgotten."  The  honor  of  the  Senate  was  sullied,  and 
not  for  the  first  time,  by  Thomas  F.  Grady,  who  said  he  thought 
that  body  should  not  put  itself  on  record  in  relation  to  Miss  An- 
thony's work  for  woman  suffrage.  With  this  one  exception  the 
resolution  was  unanimously  adopted  in  both  Houses  of  the  Legis- 
lature. 

On  the  same  day  the  Rochester  Board  of  Education  adopted  the 
following  memorial : 

(1446) 


[1906]  LETTERS,  RESOLUTIONS  AND  MEMORIAL  MEETINGS.        I447 

In  the  death  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  Rochester  loses  not  only  its  most  dis- 
tinguished citizen  but  also  a  strong  and  radiant  personality  that  was  one  of 
the  moral  assets  of  the  city.  Behind  the  great  movements  with  which  her 
name  has  been  identified  was  the  force  of  her  own  character,  adding  strength 
and  dignity  to  every  cause  which  she  espoused. 

Her  fellow  citizens  cannot  forget  and  should  not  allow  their  children  to 
forget  those  personal  gifts  and  qualities  which  have  won  for  her  the  deep 
love  and  admiration  that  find  spontaneous  expression  today.  To  steadfast 
purpose  she  added  a  gallant  courage  which  enabled  her  to  overcome  opposi- 
tion that  would  have  crushed  a  weaker  nature.  The  figure  of  the  ardent 
reformer  familiar  to  the  public  for  many  years,  her  fellow  townsmen  supple- 
mented by  a  portrait  dearer  and  more  intimate,  made  up  of  unselfish  kind- 
ness and  gracious  womanliness.  In  this  hour  of  her  death  there  is  broken 
many  a  box  of  ointment  very  precious  whose  fragrance  fills  the  city.  Young 
students  whom  she  has  helped,  struggling  authors  whom  she  has  encouraged, 
girls  to  whom  she  has  thrown  open  the  doors  of  a  more  generous  education, 
sorrowful  women  whose  burden  she  has  lightened,  and  all  the  multitude  of 
those  to  whom  her  faith  and  courage  and  devotion  have  brought  fresh  con- 
fidence and  renewed  strength  will  be  among  the  number. 

In  testimony  of  the  honor  in  which  her  life  is  regarded  and  her  memory 
cherished  be  it  resolved  that  a  copy  of  these  resolutions  be  sent  to  her 
sister.  Miss  Mary  Anthony,  and  that  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  City 
of  Rochester  attend  in  a  body  the  funeral  services  of  Susan  B.  Anthony.* 

The  Grand  Jury  of  Monroe  County  adopted  a  resolution  which 
expressed  "deep  regret  and  sorrow  at  the  death  of  Susan  B.  An- 
thony" and  said :  "She  represented  the  highest  type  of  woman- 
hood in  her  unselfish  devotion  to  the  cause  of  liberty  and  right  and 
equal  justice  for  all,  regardless  of  sex.  Her  loss  to  the  community 
and  to  the  world  at  large  will  be  keenly  felt.  As  a  mark  of  respect 
to  her,  we,  as  a  body,  adjourn  to  view  the  remains  which  lie  in 
state  in  the  Central  Presbyterian  Church." 

During  the  weeks  of  Miss  Anthony's  illness  there  had  come 
letters,  telegrams,  messages  and  offers  of  assistance  al- 
most without  number.  After  her  death  they  were  multiplied 
many-fold,  running  up  into  the  hundreds.  It  is  not  possible 
to  make  individual  mention  of  each ;  space  will  not  permit  and 
there  is  a  reluctance  to  discriminate,  but  perhaps  there  will  be  no 
criticism  if  enough  are  referred  to  simply  to  give  an  idea  of  their 
wide  scope  and  character.    They  came  from  the  presidents  of  col- 

^At  the  hour  of  the  funeral  impressive  services  were  held  in  all  the  public  schools  of 
the  city. 

Ant.  Ill— 22 


1448  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

leges,  from  the  presidents  of  almost  all  kinds  of  organizations  of 
women  and  from  many  associations  of  men.  There  were  cable- 
grams from  the  Coimtess  of  Aberdeen,  president  of  the  Interna- 
tional Council  of  Women,  and  from  the  National  Union  of  Wom- 
en's Suffrage  Societies  of  Great  Britain;  telegrams  from  Mrs. 
May  Wright  Sewall,  honorary  president  of  the  International 
Council ;  Mrs.  Mary  Wood  Swift  and  other  officers  of  the  Na- 
tional Council  of  the  United  States ;  Mrs.  Isabella  Charles  Davis, 
secretary  King's  Daughters  and  Sons;  Mrs.  Josephine  Silone 
Yates,  president  National  Association  of  Colored  Women;  Mrs. 
Lillian  M.  N.  Stevens,  president  National  Woman's  Christian 
Temperance  Union;  Mrs.  Elizabeth  B.  Grannis,  president  Na- 
tional Christian  League  for  Social  Purity;  Mrs.  Pauline  H.  Ro- 
senberg, president  National  Council  of  Jewish  Women ;  from  the 
Ladies  of  the  Maccabees  and  from  many  other  national  associa- 
tions. Messages  came  from  State  societies  and  clubs  in  every  part 
of  the  Union  and  from  individuals  in  cities  and  towns  from  ocean 
to  ocean. 

The  letters  were  as  universal  in  their  representation,  but  brief 
extracts  from  a  few  must  suffice.  From  Mrs.  Millicent  Garrett 
Fawcett,  president  National  Union  of  Women's  Suffrage  Socie- 
ties of  Great  Britain : 

All  our  group  of  suffrage  friends  here  arc  deeply  moved  and  deeply 
grieved  by  the  news  of  the  death  of  our  dear  friend  and  leader,  Miss  Susan 
B.  Anthony.  I  venture  to  call  her  our  leader  because  I  think  suffragists  all 
over  the  world  claimed  her  and  looked  up  to  her  as  their  leader,  courageous, 
loyal  and  far-sighted.  Certainly  all  sections  of  English  suffragists  had 
learned  to  love  and  trust  her  and  she  will  be  almost  as  deeply  mourned  on 
our  side  of  the  Atlantic  as  on  yours.  But  indeed  I  feel  that  at  the  close  of 
a  beautiful,  faithful  life  like  hers,  lasting  in  full  vigor  to  ripe  old  age,  the 
predominant  note  ought  not  to  be  mournful  but  thankful  that  we  have  had 
her  so  long  and  that  she  has  given  us  so  splendid  an  example  of  undaunted, 
unwearied  work  for  the  cause  which  she  has  promoted  so  greatly. 

From  Madame  Chaponniere-Chaix,  president  National  Council 
of  Women  of  Switzerland : 

This  is  no  official  letter  but  a  word  of  deep  sympathy  in  your  great  loss 
which  is  ours  also  and  the  world's.  I  was  longing  for  some  account  of  the 
last  days  on  this  earth  of  your  blessed  sister  and  then  the  papers  came  and 


[1906]  LETTERS,  RESOLUTIONS  AND  MEMORIAL  MEETINGS.        I449 

it  was  a  sad  joy  to  be  able  to  follow  day  by  day  as  it  were  the  coming  oa 
of  the  solemn  event  and  the  entering  into  rest  of  the  valiant  one  whose 
example  will  abide  in  the  hearts  of  us  all.  To  you,  dear  Miss  Mary,  who 
made  for  her  the  home,  and  who  stood  so  lovingly  by  her  side,  goes  our 
most  heartfelt  sympathy. 

I  shall  never  forget  those  two  days  spent  by  you  and  your  revered  sister 
in  my  country  home  in  Celigny,  in  1904;  never  forget  .that  Sunday  morning 
under  the  pines.  How  grand  she  was  in  her  absolute  simplicity  and  what  a 
privilege  it  was  to  have  been  permitted  to  know  her!  My  heart  is  so  full 
and  I  know  so  little  how  to  express  what  I  feel  so  deeply,  but  you  will 
understand  how  it  is  that  having  known  your  beloved  sister  even  so  short 
a  time  I  yet  feel  that  I  have  lost  a  dear  friend  and  one  whom  it  was  so 
helpful  to  look  up  to  and  to  reverence.  But  we  will  not  speak  of  loss;  she 
herself  would  tell  us  that  she  had  left  us  for  a  little  time  passing  on  to 
grander  scenes,  to  fuller  life  and  usefulness,  to  deeper  consciousness  and  to 
higher  work  for  those  whose  needs  she  carried  in  her  large,  warm  heart. 

Tomorrow  at  our  Geneva  Union  a  small  gathering  will  be  held  where 
Miss  Vidart  will  give  a  short  account  of  Miss  Anthony's  life;  later  on  in  a 
larger  meeting  we  shall  render  homage  to  her  work. 

From  Dr.  Aletta  H.  Jacobs,  president  National  Woman  Suf- 
frage Association  of  The  Netherlands:  "Today  the  papers 
brought  us  the  very  sad  news  of  the  loss  of  the  dearest  of  all 
women,  our  blessed  saint,  Miss  Anthony.  All  womanhood  will 
shed  bitter  tears,  we  loved  her  so  much.  But  you,  dear  Miss 
Mary,  have  lost  everything  that  made  life  desirable.  I  do  not 
write  to  try  to  console  you — only  a  few  words  of  sympathy  I 
want  to  send  you.  I  wept  the  whole  day  with  you." 

From  Baroness  Olga  von  Beschwitz,  secretary  Council  of 
Women  of  Germany:  "The  sad  news  of  your  revered  sister's 
death  has  filled  my  heart  with  deepest  sympathy  for  your  great 
loss.  Having  enjoyed  the  privilege  of  taking  part  for  one  day 
in  your  happy  home-life,  of  seeing  the  love  and  unity  which 
bound  your  life  to  that  of  your  sister,  I  feel  your  deep  sorrow 
with  you  and  ask  permission  to  add  a  few  simple  words  of 
reverence  and  love  to  the  tributes  of  gratitude  for  the  great 
leader's  work,  which  have  come  to  you  from  all  over  the  world." 

Baroness  Alexandra  Gripenberg,  president  Finnish  Women's 
Association :  "My  heart  is  full  of  sorrow  and  sympathy  for  you. 
I  loved  your  sister  so  dearly,  and  I  owe  to  her  so  much,  that  I 
cannot  yet  realize  that  she  has  left  us.    From  the  first  time  I 


I450  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

heard  her  name  she  has  been  a  constant  inspiration  to  me.  How 
widely  known  she  is  you  will  see  by  the  fact  that  already,  March 
18,  our  leading  Finnish  paper  has  had  a  column  about  her  death. 
Blessed  be  her  work  and  memory !" 

From  Mrs.  Ella  M.  Dietz-Glynes,  president  Society  of  Amer- 
ican Women  in  London : 

My  happiest  memory  of  Miss  Anthony  is  of  seeing  her  preside  over  the 
first  International  Council  of  Women  at  Washington.  During  that  memora- 
ble week  she  guided  all  the  meetings  with  clear  head,  firm  hand  and  cool 
judgment.  In  power,  foresight  and  presence  of  mind  she  towered  above  all. 
That  week  must  have  been  as  the  fruition  of  many  years  of  toil  to  her,  and 
her  happiness  shone  in  her  face  through  all  the  long  sessions. 

I  saw  her  again  after  the  Berlin  Congress  here  in  London  and  she  spoke 
a  few  kind  words  referring  to  the  Sorosis  breakfast  she  attended  during  my 
presidency.  I  trust  that  your  grief  may  be  comforted  by  the  thought  of  the 
good  to  the  race  wrought  by  God  through  her  self-sacrificing  life. 

From  Alfred  H.  Love,  president  Universal  Peace  Union : 

.  .  .  It  is  our  selfishness  that  would  keep  her  longer  with  us,  and  yet 
we  feel  to  rejoice  that  she  passes  on  with  all  the  honors  of  a  noble  life  and 
with  the  sincerest  affection  of  all  who  knew  her.  I  speak  not  only  for 
myself  but  for  my  entire  family  and  for  our  Universal  Peace  Union.  We 
have  had  the  pleasure  of  her  visits,  and  I  have  joined  her  at  our  Peace 
Meetings,  at  Progressive  Friends'  Meetings  and  at  suffrage  and  reformatory 
meetings  since  far  back  in  the  sixties,  and  it  is  but  a  slight  and  inadequate 
testimonial  that  I  can  place  upon  a  life's  record,  when  I  say  she  was  always 
true,  firm  and  foremost  for  the  right.  She  saw  with  clearest  vision  the  road 
to  happiness,  prosperity  and  peace  and  she  was  courageous  and  independent 
enough  to  proclaim  it  and  brave  enough  to  walk  therein.  She  was  always  a 
strength  to  me,  and  her  efforts  to  bring  about  equal  justice  to  all,  liberty  to 
the  oppressed,  an  uplift  to  humanity  in  every  condition  of  life,  will  ever 
secure  for  her  the  blessings  of  mankind  and  place  her  upon  the  roll  of 
honor  as  one  of  Heaven's  messengers. 

Let  us  cherish  her  memory  as  a  talisman  for  truth,  virtue  and  justice  1 
Let  us  hold  fast  to  the  victories  she  has  won  and  show  our  love  and  rever- 
ence by  extending  them!  Let  us  as  far  as  possible  emulate  her  example  as 
we  revere  her  character  and  thank  God  for  his  beneficent  gift.  I  can  truth- 
fully and  feelingly  say,  "None  but  thyself  can  be  thy  parallel." 

From  p.  H.  Coney,  Commander  G,  A.  R.  Department  of 
Kansas:  "Miss  Anthony  was  one  of  the  world's  most  noted 
women.  She  lifted  the  status  of  woman  in  society  and  in  busi- 
ness as  had  not  been  done  in  all  previous  time.  She  gave  her  sex 


[1906]  LETTERS,  RESOLUTIONS  AND  MEMORIAL  MEETINGS.        I45I 

a  Standing  equal  to  that  of  man,  except  for  the  full  right  of 
franchise,  and  for  this  she  accomplished  more  than  any  one  pre- 
ceding her.  She  has  carved  a  niche  in  human  history  that  cannot 
be  obliterated  by  time  and  she  will  be  lovingly  remembered  as 
long  as  this  history  shall  be  studied.  Her  name  and  fame  are 
enduringly  impressed  upon  the  minds  of  the  people  throughout 
the  world  and  she  will  be  remembered  as  one  of  the  greatest  of 
Americans  and  humanitarians." 

From  Professor  John  Bascom,  of  Williams  College,  Mass.,  and 
Mrs.  Emma  C.  Bascom:  "In  labors  abundant,  in  journeys  ex- 
hausting, in  perils  oft,  in  weariness,  mid  scorn  and  derision,  mid 
honor  and  praise,  she  has  persistently  striven  for  human  justice, 
and  her  life  of  sacrifice  has  blessed,  is  blessing  and  will  forever 
bless  all  humanity.  With  what  joy  can  she  give  an  account  of  her 
stewardship !" 

From  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  K.  McLean,  president  Pacific  Theo- 
logical Seminary: 

The  intelligence  we  have  been  anticipating  reached  us  through  this  morn- 
ing's papers,  that  our  revered  and  beloved  Miss  Anthony  has  laid  down  the 
implements  of  her  earthly  warfare  for  her  rest  and  for  what  new  and  high 
activities  we  know  not  Sure  we  may  be,  however,  that  she  will  not  enjoy 
her  heaven  unless  there  be  great  enterprises  and  wide  opportunities.  She 
rests  from  the  labors,  the  fatigues,  the  solicitude,  the  intensity  of  desire, 
but  her  works  do  follow  her.  The  labor  of  her  life  has  a  vitality  of  its  own. 
It  is  as  a  child  bom  to  her  or  a  family  of  children  to  survive  her  and  it  is 
already  embodied  in  hundreds  of  other  earnest  lives.  The  future  care  and 
toil  will  be  theirs;  the  impulse  and  inspiration  will  be  hers.  So  she  shall 
continue  to  live  on  an  even  wider  and  grander  scale  than  in  these  eighty- 
six  rich  and  fruitful  years. 

Mrs.  Ellen  C.  Sargent,  of  San  Francisco,  in  closing  her  letter 
wrote :  "Was  it  not  Queen  Mary  who  said  that  if  her  heart  could 
be  examined  after  death  'Calais'  would  be  found  engraved  there- 
on? I  think  *Equal  Rights  for  Women'  would  be  found  deeply 
stamped  on  the  heart  of  Susan  B.  Anthony." 

The  Rev.  Newton  M.  Mann,  of  Omaha,  for  a  long  time  Miss 
Anthony's  minister  in  Rochester,  said  in  his  letter :  "Your  illus- 
trious sister  and  my  great  friend  of  forty  years  is  no  more.  The 
dear,  unswerving,  undiscourageable  soul!    It  is  a  memorable 


1452  UFE  AXD  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

thing  in  any  one's  life  to  have  known  her,  while  to  have  had  her 
friendship  is  to  be  counted  among  the  supreme  blessings." 

From  the  Rev.  Samuel  E.  and  the  Rev.  Annis  Ford  Eastman, 
pastors  of  Park  Congregational  Church,  Elmira,  N.  Y. :  ''Your 
great  sister  now  belongs  to  the  ages,  but  I  am  not  sure  that  makes 
ft  any  easier  for  you,  missing  her  dear  presence !  May  the  spirit 
of  the  universe  from  whom  she  came  forth  comfort  you,  ennoble 
you  with  the  testimony  to  her  greatness  that  rises  like  incense 
from  grateful  hearts  all  over  the  world,  and  sustain  you  by  those 
precious  memories  of  your  own  with  which  no  stranger  inter- 
meddleth.  We  are  exalted  by  the  privilege  of  being  today  of 
the  vast  company  of  them  that  mourn  and  give  thanks  with  you." 

In  the  letter  of  Mrs.  Mary  Church  Terrell,  member  of  the 
School  Board,  Washington,  D.  C,  she  said :  "The  country  has 
lost  one  of  its  most  distinguished  citizens,  and  women  their  best 
friend.  The  debt  of  gratitude  I  owe  Miss  Anthony  is  two-fold, 
for  I  am  a  woman  and  a  member  of  the  race  for  whose  freedom 
she  labored  so  faithfully  and  so  long.  The  debt  which  the  women 
of  all  the  world  owe  her  is  great  indeed,  but  the  debt  of  colored 
women  is  greater  than  all  the  rest." 

From  Mrs.  Coralie  Franklin  Cook,  professor  in  the  Wash- 
ington Conservatory  of  Music : 

In  the  telegram  my  husband  and  I  sent  you  yesterday  morning  we  bor- 
rowed from  God*s  word  what  seemed  best  to  express  our  heart's  deep  dis- 
tress. As  a  "Cedar  of  Lebanon"  did  she  not  always  tower  above  her  com- 
panions? How  often  has  she  been  storm-swept  by  doubt,  misunderstanding 
and  persecution,  but  deep-rooted  conviction  held  her  fast  and  the  Great 
Conqueror  only  has  been  able  to  overthrow  her.  The  greatest  among  us 
"has  fallen!"  Tliousands  of  torches  lighted  by  her  hand  will  yet  blaze  the 
way  to  freedom  for  women,  nor  will  her  promotion  take  her  where  she 
can  not  share  in  that  victory  when  it  comes.  She  will  know  and  will  rejoice 
with  us.  I  am  grateful  for  the  life  of  Susan  6.  Anthony.  Its  breadth,  its 
strength,  its  beauty  have  been,  will  ever  be  an  inspiration  and  a  benediction 
to  all  humanity. 

Priceless  to  me  is  the  memory  of  my  sojourn  under  your  roof.  Into  those 
two  days  were  crowded  experiences  that  will  never  be  forgotten  and  will  al- 
ways be  helpful.  Surely  no  woman  ever  had  so  many  other  women  to  share 
her  grief  as  you  have.  Only  think  that  in  every  land,  wherever  there  is  a 
woman  who  has  awakened  to  woman's  needs,  there  a  heart  grieves  because  the 
Great  Friend  of  Women  is  no  more !   Aye,  not  only  women's  hearts  but  men's 


[1906]  LETTERS,  RESOLUTIONS  AND  MEMORIAL  MEETINGS.        I453 

hearts  have  been  touched  by  the  sublimely  unselfish,  the  self-consecrated  life 
of  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  they  too  mourn  her  passing  away. 

From  Clinton  N.  Howard,  president  of  the  Prohibition  Union 
of  Christian  Men :  "On  the  eve  of  my  departure  for  Portland  to 
make  the  address  at  the  Centennial  of  the  birth  of  Neal  Dow, 
who  will  live  in  history  as  foremost  in  the  battle  against  the 
saloon,  I  send  this  word  of  Christian  sympathy  in  your  bereave- 
ment of  a  sister  who  will  always  stand  first  in  the  battle  for  in- 
dividual liberty.  We  who  believe  that  she  was  right  will  re- 
double our  efforts  for  the  cause  to  which  she  gave  her  life,  and 
we  believe  that  from  the  other  shore  she  will  be  permitted  to  see 
the  early  triimiph  of  woman's  complete  emancipation." 

Mrs.  Mary  Lowe  Dickinson,  president  of  the  King's  Daughters 
and  Sons,  said  in  her  message  of  sympathy :  "In  what  ought  to 
be  its  best  beloved  cause,  all  womanhood  must  mourn  its  best 
beloved  leader.'*  On  March  14,  Margaret  Stanton  Lawrence, 
daughter  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  wrote:  "So  dear 
Susan  has  gone  and  left  you!  I  wonder  if  she  and  mother  are 
walking  hand  in  hand  in  the  great  beyond  ?  A  long  time  ago  a 
sculptor  here  in  New  York  made  a  cast  of  mother's  and  Susan's 
hands  clasped.  I  got  it  out  yesterday,  threw  a  yellow  silk  kerchief 
over  a  pillow  and  laid  the  hands  thereon.  Then  I  got  out  numer- 
ous pictures  that  I  have  and  placed  them  around — one  of  Susan, 
mother  and  Mrs.  Miller  on  the  porch  at  Lochland;  another  of 
Susan,  mother,  your  niece  Lucy  and  myself  on  your  porch  at 
Rochester ;  another  of  Susan  and  Nannie  Miller.  In  front  of  this 
group  I  stood  a  vase  of  yellow  flowers.  I  quite  felt  with  all  these 
pictures  and  with  the  clasped  hands  that  both  mother's  and 
Susan's  souls  were  with  me  in  my  little  home." 

From  Charles  E.  Fitch,  chief  of  Records  Division,  New  York 
State,  Department  of  Education : 

Not  only  would  I  pay  tribute  to  Miss  Anthony  as  the  most  earnest,  de- 
voted and  resourceful  woman  of  her  time,  whom  trials  never  api>alled  and 
triumph  only  inspired  for  fresher  fields  of  action,  but  I  would  also  express 
something  of  the  emotion  I  feel  at  having  been  honored  with  the  friendship 
of  one  so  great  and  yet  so  gracious.  I  can  recall  the  days  when  she  was 
reviled  and  persecuted  and  the  dignity  with   which   she  met  rebuffs  and 


1454  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

reproaches.  All  that,  however,  passed  away  in  the  latter  and  better  days 
and  she  became  as  widely  honored  as  she  always  was  beloved  by  those  who 
knew  her  best  The  world  uncovered  before  her  and  she  died  amid  mii- 
versal  sorrow.  Her  work  will  go  on,  stimulated  by  her  zeal  and  directed 
by  her  counsels.  This  is  your  consolation.  It  is  ours,  who  believed  in  and 
honored  her,  to  trust  that  the  high  emprise  to  which  she  consecrated  her- 
self, and  which  she  was  not  permitted  whoUy  to  accomplish,  will  go  on 
conquering  and  to  conquer  until  all  shall  be  equal  in  administering  the  laws 
of  the  land. 

A  portion  is  here  given  of  one  letter  only  to  illustrate  hun- 
dreds of  similar  ones  received  from  women  in  all  parts  of  the 
country.  It  is  from  Miss  Janet  Jennings,  for  twenty-five  years  a 
well-known  journalist  of  Washington,  and  was  written  to  Miss 
Anthony  just  before  her  death : 

I  remember  so  well  your  early  meetings  in  Washington  which  were  all  so 
new  to  me,  a  Western  girl,  ignorant  and  timid,  with  a  moral  courage  waver- 
ing because  undeveloped,  but  from  that  time  steadily  you  developed  it  and 
gave  me  a  strength  invaluable  ever  since.  With  every  convention,  as  the 
years  went  by,  I  realized  more  and  more  that  I  owed  everything  to  you  and 
your  teachings — everything  which  helped  me  to  grow,  to  lift  myself  to  a 
broader  plane  of  self-support,  to  a  higher  sense  of  the  dignity  of  labor — 
self-respecting  and  respected  by  others.  It  is  due  to  you  that  I  am  what  I 
am — not  much  perhaps  but  never  lacking  in  moral  courage,  in  truth,  in  sense 
of  justice.  You  know  my  work  in  the  newspaper  world,  but  you  do  not 
know  how  I  turned  from  the  aimless  life  of  fashionable  people  once  a  year 
when  you  came,  and  Mrs.  Stanton,  Lucy  Stone  and  the  other  great  leaders, 
with  the  convention.  It  seemed  as  pure  and  fresh  and  strengthening  as  a 
mountain  stream  after  a  murky  pond. 

As  it  is  impossible  to  do  more  than  indicate  the  character  of 
the  letters,  so  is  this  the  case  as  to  the  resolutions  passed  by  dif- 
ferent bodies.  They  came  from  the  uttermost  parts  of  the  earth, 
from  associations  in  almost  every  State  in  the  Union,  and  ap- 
parently from  every  city  and  village  in  the  State  of  New  York. 
Some  of  these  have  been  referred  to.  In  Rochester  resolutions 
were  passed  by  organizations  as  varied  as,  for  instance,  the 
Socialist  party,  which  paid  its  tribute  of  esteem  and  reaffirmed 
its  "adherence  to  the*  principle  of  equal  suffrage  for  all  citizens 
regardless  of  sex";  the  Striking  Printers  of  Typographical 
Union  15,  who  expressed  "heartfelt  s)rmpathy"  and  "as  a  mark 
of  respect  for  Miss  Anthony's  efforts  for  the  cause  she  cham- 


[1906]  LETTERS,  RESOLUTIONS  AND  MEMORIAL  MEETINGS.        I455 

pioned,  and  with  due  regard  to  her  noble  character,  adjourned  the 
regular  meeting  as  a  tribute  to  her  memory" ;  and  the  Labor  Ly- 
ceum, which  declared  its  belief  in  ''equal  opportunity  and  equal 
suffrage  for  all  citizens,"  and  its  appreciation  of  "the  long,  ardu- 
ous, unselfish  and  eificient  labors  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  in  the  in- 
terest of  a  higher  and  better  civilization." 

The  Principals'  and  Teachers'  Association  said  in  their  resolu- 
tions :  "As  a  woman  with  noble  ideas  for  her  sex ;  as  a  wise  coun- 
selor looking  toward  the  uplift  of  all  womankind ;  as  a  citizen  of 
our  city  and  a  friend  of  teachers,  we  can  say  without  fear  of 
challenge  that  she  had  no  equal."  The  College  Woman's  Club 
resolved  that  "the  life  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  has  been  the  greatest 
source  of  inspiration  to  all  women  in  their  effort  for  liberty  and 
higher  education."  The  resolution  of  the  Students'  Association 
of  Women  said :  "To  our  beloved  benefactor,  Susan  B.  Anthony, 
is  due  in  a  large  part  the  privilege  of  a  college  education.  The 
nobility  of  her  love  and  ambition  for  us  shall  always  be  for  the 
women  students  of  the  University  of  Rochester  a  sacred  inspira- 
tion toward  lives  of  unselfish  devotion  and  untiring  zeal  for 
service."  In  the  course  of  the  resolutions  of  the  Alumnae  these 
beautiful  sentiments  are  found : 

Susan  B.  Anthony  possessed  no  negative  forces.  Every  endowment  of 
her  nature  was  aggressive  and  positive.  Others  might  find  it  necessary  to 
reason  from  premises  to  conclusions,  but  Miss  Anthony,  by  a  process  of 
evolution  peculiarly  her  own,  was  quickly  aggressive  on  one  side  or  the 
other,  and,  viewed  from  the  standpoint  of  equal  rights  to  all,  she  was  never 
arrayed  on  the  wrong  side.  What  privileges  her  sex  enjoys  today,  com- 
pared with  what  it  possessed  when  Susan  B.  Anthony  entered  the  arena  in 
its  behalf,  are  beyond  enumeration;  and,  while  all  she  sought  has  not  been 
attained,  the  progress  achieved  by  the  indomitable  courage,  persistency  and 
ceaseless  energy  of  the  champion  of  Woman's  Cause  has  been  so  marked 
that  the  only  wonder  of  closely  following  generations  will  be  that  all  she 
struggled  to  attain  was  not  long  ago  conceded. 

The  Alumnae  of  the  University  count  it  one  of  their  most  cherished  be- 
quests that  Miss  Anthony  was  a  loved  and  honored  resident  of  Rochester, 
that  she  gave  of  her  great  talent  liberally  to  the  advancement  of  her  sex  in 
this  beautiful  city  and  especially  in  the  Alma  Mater  of  this  Alumnae,  where 
there  would  have  been  no  such  Alumnae  had  there  not  first  been  just  such 
a  grand  and  noble  character  as  Susan  B.  Anthony. 


1456  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

The  Local  Council  of  Women  spoke  in  its  resolutions  of  the 
keen  interest  Miss  Anthony  always  had  taken  in  that  body  "as 
the  last  and  the  youngest  of  the  organizations  over  which  she 
exercised  a  personal  supervision,"  and  said :  "She  possessed  the 
instinct  of  the  true  mother  who  leaves  the  older  children  to  take 
care  of  themselves  while  she  sits  by  the  cradle  tending  the  young- 
est and  seemingly  best." 

The  resolutions  of  Irondequoit  Chapter  D.  A.  R.,  after  speak- 
ing of  Miss  Anthony's  patriotic  ancestry,  said:  "This  chapter 
has  been  blessed  in  the  membership  of  such  a  woman.  In  the 
precious  amber  of  memory  let  us  keep  all  that  she  has  meant  and 
been  to  us.  We  loved  her  ardent  courage  and  her  never-failing 
faith  in  the  might  of  right ;  we  revered  the  selflessness  that  en- 
abled her  to  give  herself,  body  and  spirit,  to  the  service  of  hu- 
manity. She  was  not  disobedient  to  the  Heavenly  Vision,  but 
what  sight  was  given  her  to  see,  that  she  followed,  undeterred 
by  opposition  and  undismayed  by  difficulties." 

The  Political  Equality  Club  said  in  part:  "For  more  than 
sixty  years  she  has  given  to  the  cause  of  woman  every  moment, 
every  thought  of  her  life.  To  her  belongs  as  to  no  other  woman 
in  the  world's  history  the  love  and  gratitude  of  all  women.  To 
her  mother-heart  all  women  were  her  children." 

One  of  the  series  of  eloquent  resolutions  adopted  by  the  Jew- 
ish Council  of  Women  said :  "More  than  any  other  woman  of  her 
day,  Miss  Anthony  embodied  true  love  for  humanity.  Her 
liberal  mind  knew  no  prejudice  and  her  broad  s)rmpathy  knew  no 
bounds.  While  always  loyal  to  the  cause  to  which  she  pledged 
her  life,  she  identified  herself  with  every  movement  that  meant 
progress  and  uplift,  regardless  of  distinctions  of  class,  race  or 
color." 

At  a  meeting  of  the  trustees  of  the  Unitarian  Church  the  fol- 
lowing memorial  was  adopted : 

Susan  B.  Anthony,  one  of  the  world's  grandest  women,  has  laid  down  her 
earthly  burden  and  gone  to  rest  after  many  years  of  earnest  devotion  and 
unceasing  activity  seldom  equaled  in  the  span  of  one  human  life. 

While  she  will  be  remembered  as  the  champion  of  the  rights  and  liberties 


[1906]  LETTERS,  RESOLUTIONS  AND  MEMORIAL  MEETINGS.         I457 

of  her  sex,  it  will  not  be  forgotten  that  her  voice  was  ever  raised  in  behalf 
of  the  down-trodden  and  oppressed  without  regard  to  race  or  sex. 

She  loved  justice  and  hated  tyranny,  and  held  in  contempt  shams  of  every 
nature.  While  her  power  of  invective  was  strong  and  ever  directed  against 
all  forms  of  injustice  and  unrighteousness,  she  was  yet  possessed  of  all  the 
feminine  qualities  of  tenderness,  S3mipathy  and  human  kindness;  and  as  has 
been  said  of  another:  "Were  every  one  to  whom  she  did  a  loving  service 
to  bring  a  blossom  to  her  grave,  she  would  sleep  beneath  a  wilderness  of 
flowers." 

Reared  in  the  Hicksite  branch  of  the  Quaker  faith,  when  their  meetings 
were  discontinued  in  this  city  she  naturally  turned  to  the  liberalism  of  the 
Unitarian  Society,  and  for  more  than  fifty  years  she  has  been  a  devoted 
and  faithful  attendant  of  this  church. 

With  feelings  of  sorrow,  mingled  with  gratitude  that  she  was  permitted 
to  pass  while  yet  in  the  full  vigor  of  her  intellect,  we  transcribe  on  our 
minutes  this  tribute  to  her  memory  and  worth. 

No  woman's  organization  in  Rochester  so  fully  represents 
all  classes,  creeds,  races  and  shades  of  opinion  as  the  Women's 
Educational  and  Industrial  Union,  which  is  also  the  largest  as  to 
membership,  and  the  resolutions  adopted  by  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tors of  this  body  may  be  accepted  as  the  consensus  of  sentiment 
in  the  city  where  Miss  Anthony  spent  nearly  three-fourths  of  her 
long  life. 

Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  foremost  citizen  of  our  city,  the  most  honored 
American  woman,  has  gone  to  her  well-earned  rest. 

The  sorrow  of  her  passing  falls  heavily  upon  the  Women's  Union.  Its 
organization  was  due  to  her;  all  its  efforts  met  her  most  cordial  support; 
she  was  the  warm  personal  friend  of  its  active  workers,  who  were  ever  sure 
of  her  tender,  womanly  sympathy.  The  union's  last  reception  was  honored 
by  her  presence;  during  that  entire  afternoon  and  evening  she  added  to  the 
pleasure  of  each  guest,  who  little  thought  that  most  of  them  would  see  her 
face  no  more.  Her  death  brings  a  deep  sense  of  personal  bereavement  and 
a  renewed  intention  to  live  nearer  the  ideal  she  ever  held  before  us.  Thir- 
teen years  ago,  the  day  the  Women's  Union  was  organized,  she  said  from 
the  platform :  "We  want  a  solidarity  of  the  women  of  Rochester.  When  the 
women  speak  they  can  be  heard  through  this  club;  then  when  one  woman 
speaks  every  woman  in  Rochester  will  be  speaking  and  those  who  it  is 
intended  shall  hear  will  have  to  hear.  It  means  all  the  women  in  Rochester 
united  in  every  good  work."  And  the  union  is  striving  toward  the  goal  she 
set  before  it. 

The  debt  the  Women's  Union  owes  Miss  Anthony  but  faintly  typifies 
humanity's  indebtedness  to  one  of  the  greatest  and  most  loving  women  of 
her  generation.  We  who  have  entered  into  her  labors  can  scarcely  appre- 
ciate how  great  the  cost,  can  hardly  realize  the  industrial,  educational  and 


1458  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

legal  conditions  of  woman's  life  as  she  found  them.  Every  young  woman 
in  our  university  owes  her  opportunities  there  to  Miss  Anthony;  every 
young  woman  seeking  wider  industrial  opportunities  owes  much  of  their 
possibility  to  Miss  Anthony;  every  mother  in  our  State  owes  her  legal  right 
to  her  own  property,  her  own  earnings  and  even  to  her  own  children,  to 
Miss  Anthony. 

With  indomitable  courage,  with  energy  unsurpassed,  with  faith  scarce 
equaled,  with  love  almost  divine,  through  evil  and  through  good  report, 
through  all  the  long  years  of  her  long  life.  Miss  Anthony  labored  for  the 
right  as  God  gave  her  to  see  the  right;  and  now  with  eye  undimmed  and 
natural  force  hardly  abated,  she  has  passed  from  earth  and  into  the  presence 
chamber  of  the  King,  secure  of  her  welcome,  bearing  the  love  of  all  who 
knew  her  and  the  honor  and  admiration  of  the  world  The  inspiration  of 
her  life  is  a  benediction  to  all  who  would  leave  the  world  better  than  they 
found  it. 

The  union  extends  most  heartfelt  sympathy  to  the  dear,  bereaved  sister, 
whose  tender,  devoted,  watchful  care  prolonged  Miss  Anthony's  life  and 
made  the  heroic  endeavors  of  her  later  years  possible.  Until  the  going  down 
of  the  sun  hath  she  stayed  her  sister's  hands;  may  He  who  gave  her  this 
inestimable  privilege  sustain  and  comfort  her  in  the  lonely  hours  of  her 
great  sorrow. 

The  resolutions  quoted  were  practically  duplicated  in  character 
by  those  adopted  by  organizations  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 
Among  the  copies  sent  to  Miss  Mary  Anthony  were  memorials 
from  the  National  Women's  Political  Association  of  Australia, 
Canterbury  Women's  Institute  of  New  Zealand,  Women's  Suf- 
frage and  Local  Government  Association  of  Ireland,  Society  of 
American  Women  in  London,  Alumnae  Association  Ontario 
Medical  College  for  Women,  Toronto  Local  Council,  Montreal 
Woman's  Club ;  from  National  Councils  of  Women  and  National 
Woman  Suffrage  Societies  in  every  country ;  from  all  the  asso- 
ciations referred  to  in  telegrams  and  letters  above;  from  Uni- 
tarian Conferences;  from  National  and  State  Granges,  National 
and  State  Women's  Christian  Temperance  Unions,  National 
Congress  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution,  State  Federa- 
tions of  Women's  Clubs,  Hospital  Alumnae  Associations,  Eco- 
nomic and  Civic  Clubs,  Young  Women's  Christian  Associations, 
Societies  of  Friends,  Leagues  for  Progressive  Thought,  Socialist 
Clubs,  Ethical  Societies,  Business  Associations  of  Women,  Wom- 
en's Republican  Clubs,  Women's  Health  Protective  Associations, 
Women's  Press  Clubs,  Floral  Emblem  Societies,  Children  Clubs, 


[1906]  LETTERS,  RESOLUTIONS  AND  MEMORIAL  MEETINGS.        I459 

Alumnae  of  Colleges,  Normal  and  High  Schools,  Women's  Re- 
lief Corps,  Mothers'  Clubs,  Council  of  Club  Presidents ;  and  from 
Women's  Clubs  and  Suffrage  Clubs  by  scores  if  not  by  hundreds/ 

Before  any  attempt  could  be  made  to  acknowledge  the  receipt 
of  these  resolutions,  accounts  of  memorial  services  began  to  pour 
in,  from  other  countries  and  from  every  comer  of  the  United 
States.  Many  of  these  were  held  during  the  time  of  the  funeral, 
and  they  continued  to  take  place  from  the  middle  of  March 
throughout  the  spring  months  until  the  beginning  of  summer.* 
They  were  largely  attended  and  addressed  by  prominent  men  and 
women.  Among  the  more  noteworthy  was  one  in  the  Hudson 
Theatre,  New  Yprk,  on  Sunday  afternoon,  March  25,  with  an 
audience  of  over  1,500,  nearly  all  women,  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Interurban  Political  Equality  Council,  composed  of  over 
twenty  suffrage  clubs.  The  ushers  were  college  girls  in  caps  and 
gowns.  There  was  one  in  Brookl)m  the  following  Sunday  in  the 
old,  historic  Plymouth  Church.  The  W.  C.  T.  U.  of  Chicago 
had  a  meeting  in  Willard  Hall  at  the  noon  hour  on  the  day  of  the 
funeral,  at  which  many  men  were  present,  and  resolutions  "to 
continue  Miss  Anthony's  work"  were  unanimously  adopted.  A 
beautiful  "home  service"  was  held  in  Miss  Anthony's  own  Uni- 
tarian Church  of  Rochester  the  Sunday  following  her  funeral. 

The  Executive  Committee  of  the  International  Council  of 
Women,  of  which  Miss  Anthony  was  one  of  the  founders,  met 
in  Paris,  June  12-17,  1906,  with  members  present  from  eighteen 
countries.  In  her  opening  address  Lady  Aberdeen,  president  of 
the  Council,  paid  eloquent  tribute  to  Miss  Anthony,  saying: 
"We  can  scarcely  imagine  a  Council  meeting  without  her  strong 
and  genial  presence.     ...     It  not  only  spoke  to  us  of  the 

^A  resolution  was  offered  at  a  district  Methodist  ministers'  meeting  in  Asbury  Park, 
N.  J.,  saying  simply:  "Miss  Anthony  has  cleared  the  way  for  the  women  of  the  present 
and  future  generations  to  a  higher,  better  and  more  useful  life  as  business  managers  and 
educators,  and  opened  the  doors  of  the  professions  to  them  for  all  time,  etc."  This  body 
was  so  agitated  that  an  executive  session  was  held  to  consider  the  resolution  and  after 
a  great  deal  of  discussion  it  was  laid  on  the  table.  Many  ministers,  however,  in  all  parts 
of  the  country,  paid  tribute  in  their  sermons  to  Miss  Anthon3r*8  life  and  work  and  spoke 
at  the  memorial  meetings. 

*  A  little  gleam  of  humor  lightened  up  this  record  of  sorrow  when  a  prominent  woman's 
club  in  a  Southern  city  refused  to  hold  a  memorial  meeting  "because  Susan  B.  Anthony 
and  Henry  Ward  Bcecher  brought  on  the  Civil  War!" 


1460  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

past  but  inspired  us  for  the  future,  for  both  by  her  voice  and  her 
life  she  ever  sounded  the  trumpet  call  to  press  forward  in  a  spirit 
of  indomitable  perseverance  and  faith.  When  she  left  us  in  Berlin 
she  made  a  tryst  to  meet  us  in  Canada  in  1909.  She  cannot  keep 
that  tryst  but  she  has  left  us  a  precious  legacy  in  the  memory  of 
her  large-hearted  and  devoted  life,  crowned  as  it  was  with  honor 
and  the  love  of  her  fellow  workers,  on  whom  it  now  devolves  to 
carry  forward  the  work  which  she  has  laid  down."  All  of  the  dele- 
gates expressed  their  personal  loss  and  that  of  their  Councils 
in  the  death  of  the  great  American. 

The  International  Woman  Suffrage  Alliance,  which  Miss  An- 
thony helped  to  found  and  of  which  she  was  honorary  president, 
held  its  first  convention  in  Copenhagen,  August  7-1 1,  1906.  The 
session  in  which  greatest  interest  centered  was  that  in  memory 
of  Miss  Anthony,  and  not  in  her  own  land  could  deeper  feeling 
and  appreciation  be  shown.  After  a  sketch  of  her  life  and  achieve- 
ments had  been  given  by  her  biographer,  tributes  were  offered  by 
delegates  from  Finland,  Australia,  Denmark,  Germany,  Great 
Britain,  Canada,  Norway,  Hungary,  Sweden  and  The  Nether- 
lands, each  expressing  the  indebtedness  of  her  own  country  to 
the  great  pioneer.  Those  most  impressive  in  their  significance 
were  from  the  countries  where  women  had  gained  their  full  en- 
franchisement;  Australia,  where  this  had  been  secured  in  1902; 
Finland,  where  it  had  just  been  placed  in  the  new  constitution ; 
Norway,  where  it  was  almost  assured  and  was  granted  the  next 
year. 

The  official  report  from  the  National  Australian  Women's  Po- 
litical Association,  prepared  by  its  president,  Miss  Vida  Gold- 
stein, and  read  by  Mrs.  Henry  Dobson,  said  in  part :  "We  be- 
lieve that  to  Miss  Anthony  the  women  of  Australia  owe  their 
advanced  position.  She  never  visited  these  far  distant  shores, 
but  her  name  and  work  were  a  constant  inspiration  to  our  work- 
ers. They  knew  her  life  of  real  self-sacrifice;  they  realized  that 
she  kept  her  finger  on  the  pulse  of  the  woman-movement  in  all 
parts  of  the  world,  and  they  were  eager  that,  if  only  for  her  sake, 
Australia  should  show  a  good  report  of  effort  and  achievement. 
Her  work  and  influence  were  so  far-reaching  that  the  fact  cannot 


[1906]  LETTERS,  RESOLUTIONS  AND  MEMORIAL  MEETINGS.        I461 

be  disputed  that  had  it  not  been  for  Susan  B.  Anthony  the  women 
of  Australia  would  not  have  the  suffrage  today." 

Baroness  Gripenberg,  president  of  the  Finnish  Women's  As- 
sociation, eloquently  expressed  the  love  and  appreciation  of  the 
leaders  among  the  women  of  Finland,  and  the  courage  and  in- 
spiration they  had  received  from  their  knowledge  of  Miss  An- 
thony's long  years  of  work  for  womanhood  and  their  constant 
thought  that  she  sympathized  with  their  efforts  and  would  rejoice 
with  them  when  their  victory  was  gained.  She  told  of  their  deep 
disappointment  that  this  came  just  too  late  for  them  to  send  to 
her  the  glad  tidings. 

The  pioneer  of  the  woman  suffrage  movement  in  Norway, 
Miss  Gina  Krog,  said  in  her  appreciation : 

More  than  twenty  years  ago  three  large  volumes  came  to  the  University 
library  of  Christiania  and  on  the  title  pagt  was  written  in  Miss  Anthony's 
bold,  clear  handwriting:  "To  the  women  of  Norway."  It  was  the  History 
of  the  Woman  Suffrage  Movement  in  the  United  States.  We  were  indeed 
fortunate  in  having  these  books  when  we  united  to  work  for  women's 
rights.  Those  of  us  who  had  read  in  them  of  the  heroic  battle  which  had 
been  fought  for  women's  political  enfranchisement  did  not  for  one  moment 
doubt  that  woman  suffrage  must  be  put  to  the  front  and  that  it  must  be 
taken  up  to  its  whole  extent  and  as  an  independent  question.  The  demand 
must  be,  "The  vote  for  women  on  the  same  terms  as  for  men,"  and  our 
banner  must  be  lifted  high  over  all  party  divisions. 

In  1885  when  I  gave  the  first  lecture  in  our  country  demanding  suffrage 
for  women  I  kept  to  this  standpoint;  and  on  this  basis  we  organized,  I  be- 
lieve to  great  advantage  for  our  future  work.  This  only  gives  a  glimpse  of 
how  the  American  pioneers  influenced  the  women  in  a  small  and  far-off 
country.  Although  I  read  with  admiration  of  all  those  remarkable  women 
who  took  up  the  battle  against  the  whole  world,  one  of  them  stood  out  in 
stronger  and  clearer  outlines  than  the  others;  that  one  was  Susan  B.  An- 
thony, and  she  seemed  to  me  the  very  personification  of  a  great  hero. 

It  is  good  both  for  men  and  women  to  have  her  image  before  them. 
When  they  speak  of  the  weaker  sex  we  point  to  her  and  say,  "Look  at  that 
undaunted  courage,  that  unquenchable  hope,  that  indomitable  will!  Do  you 
call  that  weakness?"  But  most  especially  do  those  women  who  have  taken 
up  the  same  work  find  strength  and  encouragement  in  her  grand  example. 

Among  the  many  touching  incidents  related  was  one  by  an 
eminent  woman  suffrage  lecturer  of  Sweden,  Mrs.  A.  M.  Holm- 
gren, who  said :  "On  a  cold  morning  of  one  of  our  long,  dark, 
winter  days  when  I  started  out  I  felt  thoroughly  disheartened, 


1462  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

but  as  I  looked  at  the  North  Star  I  thought  of  Susan  B.  Anthony. 
Then  all  at  once  it  flashed  over  me  that  this  was  her  birthday.  I 
hastened  to  a  telegraph  office  and  sent  her  a  message  of  greeting, 
and  then  I  went  on  my  way  sustained  and  strengthened." 

The  last  speaker  was  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw,  president 
of  the  National  Suffrage  Association  of  the  United  States.  After 
a  beautiful  description  of  Miss  Anthony's  last  hours  she  showed 
how  her  lifetime  of  effort  had  always  centered  around  one  point 
— freedom  for  woman — ^not  as  a  sex  or  a  class  but  as  human  be- 
ings ;  and  how  the  object  of  her  life  had  been  to  awaken  in  women 
the  consciousness  of  the  need  for  freedom  and  the  courage  to  de- 
mand it.  She  asked  that  women  should  be  politically  free  not  as 
an  end  but  as  a  means  by  which  they  could  build  up  a  higher  hu- 
manity. "Miss  Anthony,"  she  said,  "was  the  humblest,  simplest, 
most  single-minded  being  who  ever  lived  and  wrought  for  a  cause. 
She  was  just  but  tender ;  she  exalted  intellect  but  not  at  the  ex- 
pense of  sentiment ;  and  she  was  the  incarnation  of  optimism  and 
faith,  as  expressed  in  her  last  words  from  a  public  platform — 
'Failure  is  impossible.' " 

When  the  recital  of  Miss  Anthony's  life  and  work  was  finished 
at  the  beginning  of  the  services  the  entire  audience  arose  and  re- 
mained standing  reverently  for  several  minutes,  while  many  were 
in  tears.  When  Miss  Shaw  closed  the  exercises  with  her  match- 
less tribute  she  was  called  again  and  again  to  the  front  of  the 
stage  to  respond  to  the  outbursts  of  enthusiastic  approval. 


What  greater  proof  could  be  offered  than  has  been  placed  on 
these  pages  to  silence  forever  the  constantly  repeated  assertion 
that  "women  do  not  and  did  not  appreciate  Susan  B.  Anthony?*' 
In  their  own  words  the  testimony  has  been  given  which  demon- 
strates that  no  other  woman  ever  was  so  beloved  and  honored 
by  those  of  her  own  sex.  The  leaders  of  all  great  movements 
among  women  offered  eloquent  and  heartfelt  tributes  of  recog- 
nition, gratitude  and  affection,  and  they  voiced  the  sentiments  of 
millions  of  women  whom  they  represented.    No  other  reformer 


[1906]  LETTERS,  RESOLUTIONS  AND  MEMORIAL  MEETINGS.        I463 

/ever  lived  to  receive  in  so  full  a  measure  the  appreciation  of  those 
/  for  whom  the  struggle  had  been  made. 


In  a  preceding  volume  there  is  mention  of  an  annuity  that  was 
secured  for  Miss  Anthony  through  the  effort  of  Mrs.  Rachel 
Foster  Avery,  who  collected  among  friends  $5,000,  which  pro- 
duced an  income  of  $800  a  year.  This  annuity  was  presented  to 
her  on  her  seventy-fifth  birthday.  Before  Mrs.  Avery  went 
abroad  in  1903  she  arranged  to  have  paid  to  Miss  Anthony  from 
her  own  means  $400  a  year.  As  long  as  Miss  Anthony  was  able 
to  lecture  she  received  some  money  from  this  source,  although 
for  practically  all  public  speaking  connected  with  suffrage  she 
contributed  her  services.  Thus  she  gave  to  this  cause  platform 
work  from  which  she  might  have  received  many  thousands  of 
dollars.  Her  brother  D.  R.  Anthony  was  always  generous  to  her, 
and  she  was  the  recipient  of  many  presents  from  women  in 
various  parts  of  the  country  and  of  a  number  of  bequests.  Many 
of  her  handsome  dresses  and  wraps  were  given  to  her  and  all  of 
her  laces,  jewelry,  etc.  Usually  when  she  made  a  journey  some 
one  who  loved  her  sent  money  for  travelling  expenses.  Her  sister 
Mary  owned  the  home  and  had  a  moderate  income.  They  lived 
in  an  extremely  simple  manner  and  as  economically  as  was  pos- 
sible with  comfort.  Miss  Anthony's  personal  wants  were  very 
few,  and  after  these  were  supplied  every  dollar  that  came  into  her 
possession  was  expended  in  some  way  for  the  cause  of  woman 
suffrage.  She  left  the  following  Will,  made  January  4,  1904, 
and  properly  witnessed. 

First:  I  direct  the  payment  of  my  funeral  expenses  and  my  just  debts, 
if  any. 

Second:  I  give  and  bequeath  to  the  National  American  Woman  Suffrage 
Association,  the  electro-type  plates  of  the  History  of  Woman  Suffrage,  to- 
gether with  the  entire  number  of  books  that  are  printed,  to  be  used  in  its 
educational  department. 

Third :  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  all  of  said  rest,  residue  and  remainder 
of  my  estate,  both  real  and  personal,  to  my  sister  Mary  S.  Anthony,  my 
niece  Lucy  E.  Anthony  and  my  friend  Anna  H.  Shaw. 

Likewise,  I  make,  constitute  and  appoint  the  said  Mary  S.  Anthony,  Lucy 
Ant.  Ill— 23 


1464  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

E.  Anthony,  Anna  H.  Shaw  and  Rachel  Foster  Avery,  executors  of  this  my 
Last  Will  and  Testament,  hereby  revoking  all  former  Wills  by  me  made. 
And  I  hereby  request  that  no  bond  shall  be  demanded  of  my  executors. 

Although  Miss  Anthony  could  feel  certain  that  her  money  as 
thus  disposed  of  would  be  very  largely  used  to  further  the  cause 
of  woman  suffrage,  the  desire  became  strong  in  her  last  days  to 
leave  it  directly  for  this  purpose.  She  may  have  thought  that 
such  action  would  influence  other  women  to  make  a  similar  dis- 
position of  their  property.  As  has  been  related  in  a  preceding 
chapter  she  sent  for  Miss  Shaw  and  made  her  request.  In  com- 
pliance with  it  a  Memorandum  was  attached  to  the  Will  as  fol- 
lows : 

On  March  7th,  1906,  Miss  Anthony  verbally  requested  Miss  Mary  Anthony 
and  Miss  Anna  Shaw  to  see  that  the  whole  of  what  money  she  had  should 
be  put  into  the  fund  Miss  Thomas  and  Miss  Garrett  are  raising  for  the 
Woman  Suffrage  Cause. 

It  is  the  intention  of  the  undersigned  to  comply  with  and  carry  out  this 
last  request.    Anna  H.  Shaw,  Mary  S.  Anthony,  Lucy  E.  Anthony.    . 

Six  or  eight  years  before  her  death  Miss  Anthony  had  loaned 
about  $750  to  a  man  to  save  him  and  his  family  from  disgrace, 
and  a  note  was  given  for  its  payment.  Although  afterwards  this 
might  have  been  paid  she  never  received  even  the  interest,  and 
when  toward  the  last  she  attempted  to  realize  on  the  note  she 
found  to  her  great  distress  that  it  had  been  adroitly  worded  so 
that  she  had  no  recourse  in  law.  Her  life  insurance  of  $2,000, 
on  which  she  had  paid  the  premium  for  fifty  years,  she  had  as- 
signed to  her  sister  two  years  before  to  obtain  from  her  the 
money  to  loan  to  a  woman  whose  extreme  necessity  for  it  had 
been  presented  in  such  a  way  as  to  make  Miss  Anthony  feel  that 
she  must  come  to  her  relief.  These  two  loans  reduced  Miss  An- 
thony's already  slender  means  by  over  $3,000.  One  year  after  her 
death,  the  Executors  made  a  final  settlement  as  follows : 

Account  of  the  Estate  of  Susan  B.  Anthony. 
Debit*      ^^^cutors  in  Account  with  Estate  of  Susan  B,  Anthony: 

Balance  from  Security  Trust  Co.  of  Rochester,  N.  Y $i»3S8.75 

Monroe  County  Savings  Fund,  N.  Y 7.05 


THE  REV.  ANNA  HOWARD  SHAW. 
Prbsidsnt  National  Woman  Suppragb  Association. 


RACHEL  FOSTER  AVERY. 
Vick-Prhsidbnt  of  Association. 


LUCY  E.  ANTHONY. 
NiBCB  OF  Susan  B.  Anthony. 


EXECUTORS  OF  ANTHONY  ESTATES. 


[1906]  LETTERS,  RESOLUTIONS  AND  MEMORIAL  MEETINGS.        I465 

Fidelity  Trust  Co.,  Rochester,  N.  Y 1,10734 

Rochester  Savings  Bank,  N.  Y 2.49 

Deposit  of   Interest   Coupons   of  two    (2)    U.   S.  Government 

Bonds,  for  nine  (9)  months 22.50 

Deposit  of  one  dividend  on  five    (5)   shares  of  stock  of  Old 

National  Bank  of  Ft.  Wayne,  Ind 20.00 

Interest  on  account  at  West  End  Trust  Co.     (This  acc't  was 

opened  for  the  Estate  by  the  Executors) 16.35 

For  Inheritance  Tax  (Transfer  Tax)  contributed  by  the  Ex- 
ecutors           99-04 

For  expenses  of  Administration  and  Collectors  Expenses,  al- 
lowed to  Executors  by  Surrogate's  Office,  Rochester,  N.  Y. ; 
contributed   by    Executors 230.00 

Total    $2,87352 

Credit: 

(i)    To  Mae  B.   Nichols   (Nurse) $56.30 

(2)  "    Consulting    Physician 40.00 

(3)  **    Margaret  A.  Shanks   (Nurse) 78.00 

(4)  "    Box  at  West  End  Trust  Co 4.00 

(5)  "     Cost   of   Publishing  Will 32.70 

(6)  "    Marble    Headstone 25.00 

(7)  "    Inheritance   Tax    (Transfer  Tax) 99-04 

(8)  "    Expenses    of    Administration    and    Collectors' 

Expenses    230.00 

Total    $565.04 

565.04 

Balance  of  cash  on  hand $2,308.48 

Personal  Estate:  list  op  secxtrities. 

Two    (2)    United    States   (jovemment  Bonds  of  five  hundred   dollars 

($500.00)   each,  bearing  3  per  cent. 
Five  (5)  shares  of  stock  of  the  Old  National  Bank  of  Ft.  Wayne,  Ind., 
quoted  at  $165.00  per  share. 
•  •••••• 

Real  Estate: 

Two  (2)  Lots  at  Fort  Scott,  Kansas. 
One  (i)  Lot  at  Beatrice,  Nebraska. 

Received  from  the  Executors,  Anna  H.  Shaw  and  Lucy  E.  Anthony,  the 
above  named  securities.  Mary  E.  Garrett. 

(Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  the  Susan  B.  Anthony 

Memorial  Guarantee  Fund  of  $12,000  a  year  for  five  years. 

M.  Carey  Thomas, 
Bryn  Mawr,  Pa.,  March  17th,  1907.  Treasurer. 


1466  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

The  securities  which  are  omitted  from  the  above  list  were  re- 
turned to  the  executors  by  the  chairman  and  treasurer  of  the 
Fund  Committee  as  being  apparently  without  value. 

The  executors  declined  to  accept  the  commissions  allowed  by 
the  court,  and  themselves  paid  the  inheritance  tax,  in  order  that 
Miss  Anthony's  bequest  to  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage  might 
not  be  diminished.   Its  total  amount  was  less  than  $4,500. 

For  a  number  of  years  Dr.  Marcena  Sherman-Ricker  had  given 
Miss  Anthony  the  most  devoted  service.  During  her  last  illness 
of  three-and-a-half  weeks  she  visited  her  two  or  three  times  a  day, 
and  toward  the  last  she  transferred  most  of  her  practice  to  other 
physicians  and  remained  at  the  Anthony  home  day  and  night. 
The  last  forty-eight  hours  she  scarcely  left  the  bedside,  doing  all 
in  her  power  for  the  relief  of  her  beloved  patient.  When  Miss 
Mary  asked  for  her  account  she  said :  "I  have  none.  I  owe  it  to 
Miss  Anthony  that  I  am  able  to  practice  medicine.  It  has  been  a 
blessed  privilege  to  care  for  her.  I  could  not  accept  a  dollar  for 
that  service,  and  I  want  you  to  promise  that  you  will  let  me  take 
care  of  you  on  the  same  terms  as  long  as  you  live." 

Mrs.  Helen  M.  Millar,  a  lawyer,  who  had  been  for  many  years 
in  the  office  of  Surrogate  W.  Dean  Shuart,  had  given  legal  advice 
to  Miss  Anthony  and  Miss  Mary  for  twenty  years  and  made  no 
charge  but  declared  that  all  had  been  a  labor  of  love  and  duty. 
Judge  Shuart,  who  had  aided  Miss  Anthony  in  a  long  contest  in 
the  courts  to  secure  the  Clapp  legacy,  and  in  many  other  ways, 
had  contributed  his  services  as  a  mark  of  his  friendship  for  her 
and  for  her  cause.  ^ 

The  funeral  directors,  Ingmire  and  Thompson,  when  their  bill 
was  paid,  returned  $25  with  the  request  that  it  'Tbe  used  for  the 
cause  so  dear  to  Miss  Anthony's  heart." 

The  New  York  State  Suffrage  Association  sent  $100  to  the 
National  Association  to  put  the  nurses.  Miss  Margaret  A.  Shanks 
and  Miss  Mae  B.  Nichols,  on  its  roll  of  life  members. 

The  earnest  request  that  the  friends,  instead  of  spending  money 
on  flowers  at  the  time  of  the  funeral,  would  send  it  for  the  Oregon 

^Volume  II»  page  763. 


[1906]  LETTERS,  RESOLUTIONS  AND  MEMORIAL  MEETINGS.        I467 

campaign  fund,  resulted  in  a  contribution  of  between  $400  and 
$500  for  that  purpose,  and  in  addition  the  house  was  literally 
filled  with  flowers.  Hundreds  of  dollars  also  were  sent  to  the  na- 
tional headquarters  for  the  fund  from  various  parts  of  the  coun- 
try, the  donors  stating  that  it  was  because  of  Miss  Anthony's 
great  anxiety  lest  the  work  in  Oregon  should  be  crippled  for  lack 
of  money. 

At  the  unanimous  request  of  the  teachers  and  patrons  of  Public 
School,  No.  2jy  in  Rochester,  the  name  Susan  B.  Anthony  was 
given  to  it  by  the  School  Board.  On  Arbor  Day,  the  following 
May,  School  No.  26  planted  an  oak  tree  in  her  memory  in  the 
most  beautiful  part  of  Seneca  Park  and  dedicated  it  with  appro- 
priate ceremonies,  and  it  is  to  be  marked  with  a  bronze  tablet.  A 
tree  was  dedicated  to  Miss  Anthony  that  spring  in  Elysian  Park, 
Los  Angeles;  one  in  Cherokee,  Indian  Territory;  and  doubtless 
this  was  done  in  many  other  places  that  sent  no  notice  of  it  to  her 
sister. 

Immediately  after  the  death  of  Miss  Anthony  the  question  of 
suitable  memorials  began  to  be  considered.  On  March  23,  eight 
days  after  she  had  been  laid  to  rest,  a  public  meeting  was  held 
in  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  in  Rochester,  called  by  the  officers 
of  the  Women's  Educational  and  Industrial  Union,  Mrs.  Helen 
Barrett  Montgomery,  president,  and  attended  by  a  large  number 
of  the  club  presidents  of  that  city  and  other  prominent  women. 
The  object  of  the  meeting  was  thus  stated : 

In  the  death  of  Susan  B.  Anthony,  there  is  presented  to  the  women  of 
Rochester,  who  have  been  blessed  by  the  presence  and  friendship  of  this 
great  woman,  an  opportunity  to  lead  in  the  movement  to  establish  a  worthy 
memorial  of  her  life  and  service,  in  this  her  home  city.  The  university  of 
Rochester  opened  its  doors  to  women  in  1900^  as  the  result  of  a  movement 
in  which  Miss  Anthony  was  deeply  interested  and  eflRciently  active.  It  is 
therefore  peculiarly  appropriate  that  a  building  should  be  provided  for  the 
use  of  women  students  to  be  known  as  the  Anthony  Memorial  Building. 
In  this  could  be  included  a  gjrmnasium,  rooms  for  social  purposes,  dormi- 
tories for  out-of-town  students,  and  also  some  personal  memorial  of  Miss 
Anthony. 

The  executors,  Mary  S.  Anthony,  Lucy  E.  Anthony  and  Anna  Howard 
Shaw,  have  been  consulted  as  to  the  form  of  memorial  and  arc  agreed  that 
nothing  could  be  more  in  accord  with  Miss  Anthony's  life  purpose. 


1468  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

By  invitation  Miss  Shaw  was  present  and  she  announced  that 
Miss  Mary  Anthony  would  give  toward  this  memorial  one-half  of 
the  $2,000  bequest  of  her  brother,  Col.  D.  R.  Anthony,  for  a  me- 
morial to  their  sister.  She  said :  "Suggestions  have  been  made 
to  erect  a  building  for  club  purposes.  I  am  more  favorable  to  this 
other  idea.  A  business  building  or  club  headquarters  have  a  limit 
to  their  life  just  as  a  human  being  has.  I  understand  that  the  life 
of  a  business  building  is  only  about  twenty  years.  So  it  would  be 
with  the  club  rooms.  I  don't  think  Miss  Anthony  will  ever  die. 
She  will  be  bom  again  in  every  generation,  but  the  sentiment  we 
feel  so  strongly  now  will  pass  away.  It  is  strange  how  soon  new 
interests,  new  leaders  and  new  lines  of  thought  crowd  out  those 
of  the  past.  G:>nstant  trouble  in  maintaining  other  memorial 
buildings  is  experienced,  but  college  buildings  live  on  and  on. 
Care  is  bestowed  on  them  by  the  college  and  they  are  kept  in  good 
repair.  The  theories  of  suffrage  may  not  be  propagated  in  the 
college  but  while  Miss  Anthony  was  vitally  interested  in  suffrage, 
she  was  also  interested  in  all  things  that  would  advance  the  wel- 
fare of  women." 

The  Democrat  and  Chronicle,  in  referring  editorially  to  this 
matter  said : 

In  presenting  the  subject  to  the  union,  Mrs.  Montgomery  seems  to  have 
struck  the  correct  ke3mote  and  one  which  finds  general  response,  in  suggest- 
ing that  the  memorial  should  be  one  to  which  friends  of  Miss  Anthony,  the 
country  and  world  over,  could  consistently  contribute.  A  building  for 
women  at  the  university,  she  argued,  would  benefit  young  women  other  than 
those  resident  in  Rochester,  as  well  as  those  who  belong  to  Miss  Anthony's 
own  immediate  community. 

It  is  owing  to  the  labors  of  Miss  Anthony,  more  than  to  any  other  single 
individual,  that  women  were  admitted  to  this  university  on  equal  terms  with 
men.  She  recognized  clearly  the  advantages  which  would  accrue,  not  only 
to  the  young  women  of  this  city  but  to  others  who  might  desire  a  liberal 
education.  While  her  friends  and  admirers  in  Rochester  will  contribute 
liberally  for  this  building,  an  opportunity  might  well  be  given  for  large  and 
small  contributions  regardless  of  locality.  Miss  Anthony  belonged  to  the 
world  and  devoted  her  long  life  to  labor  for  the  betterment  of  the  world, 
and,  if  given  an  opportunity,  the  world  will  erect  for  her  an  appropriate  and 
fitting  memorial. 

At  this  meeting  the  Susan  B.  Anthony  Memorial  Association 


[1906]  LETTERS,  RESOLUTIONS  AND  MEMORIAL  MEETINGS.        I469 

was  formed  with  Mrs.  Mary  T.  Lewis  Gannett  president  of  the 
Executive  Committee,  which  is  composed  of  women  prominent  in 
various  lines  of  work  in  Rochester.  A  National  Committee  was 
formed  of  eminent  women  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  The  cost 
of  a  suitable  building  to  be  erected  on  the  campus  of  the  univer- 
sity was  placed  at  $75,000  and  the  committee  began  at  once  a  sys- 
tematic effort  to  raise  the  money,  which  they  realized  would  re- 
quire considerable  time.  Its  circular,  after  reciting  the  gains  al- 
ready made  for  women,  said : 

All  this  uplift,  emancipation,  enlargement,  taken  together,  constitutes  the 
"Woman's  Movement"  and  it  literally  has  been  brought  about  within  our 
own  life-time.  Of  the  five  great  movements  of  the  wonderful  sixty  years 
just  gone — ^that  in  science,  that  in  religion,  that  in  industrialism  and  to- 
wards democracy,  that  now  beginning  in  international  relations,  and  that 
for  the  uplift  of  woman  from  conditions  of  inferiority  to  conditions  ap- 
proaching equality  with  man — ^this  last  one,  affecting  half  the  race  and  com- 
ing close  to  all  through  home-life,  may  by  and  by  be  recognized  as  the  most 
fundamental  and  far-reaching.  Shall  not  we  elders,  men  and  women,  who 
have  lived  through  these  sixty  years,  watching  with  joy  this  rise  in  woman's 
status  and  profiting  by  it  ourselves,  bear  united  testimony  to  our  thankful- 
ness for  it  and  our  confidence  in  it? 

Of  this  Woman's  Movement,  in  all  its  forms  and  in  its  every  struggle,  no 
one,  on  the  whole,  has  been  so  unique  and  all-around  a  representative  as 
Susan  B.  Anthony.  From  youth  to  age  she  offered  herself,  body  and  mind 
and  heart  and  soul,  to  all  the  strains  and  bruises  of  the  cause.  Others  with 
her,  many  others;  but  no  one,  perhaps,  so  completely  spent  herself  for  it  as 
she.  Most  of  these  others  had  also  the  joy  and  strength  of  home,  husband 
and  children;  her  life  was  given  wholly  to  human  service — ^to  ennoble  all 
womanhood,  and  through  women  to  ennoble  mankind.  The  opportunity 
now  is  ours  to  testify  to  the  movement  and  to  honor  the  woman  in  one  and 
the  same  memorial 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  National 
Council  of  Women  in  Toledo,  Ohio,  in  April,  1906,  a  resolution 
was  adopted  that  memorial  meetings  should  be  held  in  all  parts  of 
the  country  under  the  auspices  of  the  Council  and  collections  taken 
for  the  fund  to  be  raised  by  the  National  Suffrage  Association ; 
also,  "that  there  may  be  a  permanent  Memorial  of  Miss  Anthony 
so  placed  that  it  may  be  recognized  as  national,  it  is  recommended 
that  the  National  Council  shall  secure  a  duplicate  of  the  bust  re- 
cently placed  in  the  Metropolitan  Museum  in  New  York;  and 


1470  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

further  that  the  Council  shall  secure  for  this  bust  an  appropriate 
place  in  the  Capitol  at  Washington/ 

The  National  Suffrage  Association  at  its  annual  convention  in 
Chicago,  in  February,  1907,  adopted  tht  following  report  of  the 
Executive  Committee : 

Whereas,  The  sentiment  in  favor  of  woman  suffrage  has  so  far  pro- 
gressed throughout  the  world  that  its  early  adoption  is  now  assured,  and 

Wheseas,  The  rapidity  with  which  women  will  be  fully  enfranchised  in 
the  United  States  of  America  depends  upon  the  ability  of  the  advocates  of 
woman  suffrage  to  bring  it  to  the  attention  of  those  intelligent  people  whom 
they  have  not  yet  directly  reached,  and 

Whereas,  It  was  Miss  Anthony's  plan  and  constant  wish  to  devote  all 
funds,  which  friends  of  suffrage  contributed,  to  the  immediate  purpose  of 
advancing  the  cause  each  day,  as  rapidly  as  the  means  available  for  that  day 
permitted;  now,  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That,  as  the  most  fitting  memorial,  the  National  American  WomaQ 
Suffrage  Association  shall  raise  a  fund  of  at  least  $100,000  to  be  called  ''The 
Susan  B.  Anthony  Woman  Suffrage  Fund,"  and  to  be  used  exclusively  by  this 
association  to  continue  the  suffrage  work  of  Miss  Anthony  and  those  who  la- 
bored with  her  for  woman's  enfranchisement; 

Resolved,  That  all  friends  and  admirers  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  all  be- 
lievers in  the  justice  and  humanity  of  the  cause  to  which  she  devoted  a  long 
life  of  heroic  effort  shall  be  invited  and  urged  to  contribute  to  this  fund. 

Resolved,  That  the  General  Officers  of  this  association  elected  by  this 
convention  shall  select  and  nominate  eleven  women  to  act  as  Trustees  of 
this  fund,  six  of  whom  shall  be  General  Officers  of  said  association. 

Resolved,  That  said  fund,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  from  time  to  time 
be  in  hand,  shall  be  used  for  the  furtherance  of  the  woman  suffrage  cause  in 
the  United  States  of  America,  and  in  such  amounts  and  for  such  purposes 
as  the  General  Officers  of  the  National  American  Woman  Suffrage  Asso- 
ciation shall  from  time  to  time  deem  best. 

'  At  this  convention  about  $25,000  were  subscribed  to  this  fund, 
which  is  entirely  distinct  from  the  fund  of  $60,000  collected  by- 
Miss  Mary  E.  Garrett  and  Miss  M.  Carey  Thomas  and  not  avail- 
able for  the  current  expenses  of  the  association.  The  Susan  B. 
Anthony  Woman  Suffrage  Fund  was  incorporated  under  the 
laws  of  Illinois,  and  the  names  of  Miss  Jane  Addams,  Chicago; 

1  The  present  writer  used  to  talk  with  Miss  Anthony  about  what  would  be  done  to  per- 
petuate her  memory,  and  once,  when  a  statue  was  mentioned,  said  there  ought  to  be  one 
in  the  pretty,  little  park  almost  opposite  her  home,  through  which  she  had  passed  hun- 
dreds of  times  when  out  for  an  evening  walk.  "I  never  can  bear  to  see  the  statue  of  a 
woman  exposed  to  the  cold  and  rain  and  snow,"  she  answered,  "and  I  don't  like  to  think 
of  one  of  myself  out  of  doors." 


[1906]  LETTERS,  RESOLUTIONS  AND  MEMORIAL  MEETINGS.        I47I 

Mrs.  Fanny  Garrison  Villard,  New  York ;  Mrs.  Pauline  Agassiz 
Shaw,  Boston ;  Mrs.  Mary  McHenry  Keith,  Berkeley,  Cal. ;  Miss 
Lucy  E.  Anthony,  Philadelphia,  were  added  to  those  of  the  Na- 
tional Board. 

It  is  a  significant  fact  that  the  first  memorial  to  take  actual 
shape  was  a  window  in  the  new  A.  M.  E.  Zion  Church  of  Roch- 
ester, which  was  unveiled  August  20,  1907.  This  window  of 
stained  glass  bears  a  portrait  of  Miss  Anthony  and  underneath 
it  her  last  words  spoken  in  public,  "Failure  is  impossible."  It  was 
presented  by  Mrs.  R.  Jerome  Jeffrey  in  the  name  of  the  Susan  B. 
Anthony  Club.  Eloquent  addresses  were  made  by  Mrs.  Jean 
Brooks  Greenleaf  and  Mrs.  Hannah  B.  Clark,  two  of  Miss  An- 
thony's oldest  and  dearest  friends.  A  window  to  Frederick 
Douglass  had  been  dedicated  the  evening  before,  and  it  seemed 
peculiarly  appropriate  that  the  woman  and  the  man  should  be 
thus  commemorated  at  the  same  time  in  the  city  where  both  had 
begun  their  struggle  for  human  freedom  half-a-century  ago. 


CHAPTER  LXXIV. 

EDITORIAL  COMMENT  ON   MISS  ANTHONY's  LIFE  AND  WORK. 

1906. 

,  HE  death  of  no  woman  ever  called  forth  so  wide  an 
editorial  comment  as  that  of  Miss  Anthony,  except 
possibly  that  of  Queen  Victoria,  whose  years  in  pub- 
lic life  numbered  about  the  same.  On  the  desk 
where  this  is  written  are  almost  one  thousand  edi- 
torials, representing  all  the  papers  of  consequence  in  the  United 
States  and  many  in  other  countries,  and  they  form  what  may  be 
accepted  without  reserve  as  the  consensus  of  thought  in  the  early 
years  of  the  twentieth  century  in  regard  to  Miss  Anthony  and  the 
work  she  accomplished.*  Compared  with  the  newspaper  comment 
of  fifty  years  ago  they  offer  the  best  illustration  that  could  be  had 
pi  the  revolution  of  ideas  during  this  period,  for,  although  edito- 
rial expression  is  largely  the  personal  opinion  of  the  one  who 
happens  to  fill  the  editor's  chair  at  the  moment,  yet  that  of  the 
country  taken  as  a  whole  is  a  fair  indication  of  public  sentiment 
It  has  been  possible  to  quote  only  a  few  paragraphs  in  most  in- 
stances, but  selections  have  been  made  with  a  view  of  including 
all  sections  of  this  country  and  all  shades  of  opinion,  and  the  ut- 
most care  has  been  used  to  give  the  proper  credit.  These  editorials 
come  from  the  secular  and  the  religious  press,  from  labor  journals 
and  fashion  magazines,  and  they  demonstrate  clearly  that  in  a 
consideration  of  the  so-called  woman  question  political  bias  plays 
no  part  and  sectional  location  but  little,  especially  as  between  the 
East  and  the  West.  The  prevalent  idea  that  the  Western  spirit  is 
the  more  liberal  toward  woman  suffrage  is  not  supported  by  this 
comment. 

^  For  a  large  part  of  the  editorial  comment  see  Appendix. 

(1472) 


I 


[1906]  EDITORIAL    COMMENT.  I473 

It  is  a  peculiar  fact  that  some  of  the  most  appreciative  edito- 
rials were  found  in  papers  that  always  had  shown  themselves  hos- 
tile to  the  enfranchisement  of  women.  Instances  will  be  seen  in 
those  from  the  Boston  Herald,  Brooklyn  Eagle  and  Philadelphia 
Press  in  the  East ;  The  San  Francisco  Chronicle  and  Los  Angeles 
Times  in  the  West  and  a  number  between  these  two  extremes. 
But  one  paper  of  consequence  in  the  entire  country  had  an  old- 
fashioned,  contemptuous  diatribe — ^the  Washington  Post.  It  was 
a  literary  curiosity,  jumbling  Jael  and  Ruth,  Chaucer  and  Don 
Quixote,  Darby  and  Joan,  Volumnia  and  Boadicea,  Margaret  of 
Anjou  and  Madame  de  Stael  into  one  amazing  and  incomprehen- 
sible whole,  which  was  used  to  rebuke  Miss  Anthony  and  her  co- 
workers. Under  ordinary  circumstances  it  would  have  been  re- 
ceived with  universal  laughter,  but  at  this  sorrowful  moment  it 
aroused  much  indignation.  The  Post  refused  to  print  any  of  the 
protests  and  its  course  was  inexplicable  to  the  many  women  who 
had  been  attending  the  suffrage  conventions  in  Washington  for 
years  and  had  always  found  in  this  paper  a  strong  supporter  of 
their  cause.  They  did  not  know  that  it  had  passed  under  the  con- 
trol of  John  R.  McLean,  who  took  this  opportunity  to  settle  a 
grudge  against  Miss  Anthony  which  dated  from  the  time  when 
she  refused  the  request  to  assist  his  candidacy  for  Governor  of 
Ohio. 

The  Chicago  Chronicle,  which  has  since  suspended  publication, 
contained  an  insulting  editorial,  and  there  were  a  few  of  that 
nature  in  small  local  papers.  The  leading  characteristics  of  prac- 
!  tically  all,  however,  were  their  fairness,  dignity  and  seriousness, 
j  in  itself  the  strongest  possible  illustration  of  the  improved  status 
V  of  women.   Words  could  not  express  more  beautiful  eulogiums 
than  were  written  of  Miss  Anthony  and  her  achievements.  While 
these  afforded  the  greatest  comfort  and  happiness  to  her  friends, 
one  could  not  but  think  how  quickly  Miss  Anthony  herself  would 
have  hastened  over  the  personal  compliments  to  search  for  ap- 
proval not  of  what  she  had  done  but  of  the  one  thing  that  she  had 
tried  longest  and  hardest  to  do.    A  number  of  the  editorials  did 
declare  unequivocally  a  belief  in  the  justice  and  ultimate  success 
of  woman  suffrage,  while  many  considered  it  not  improbable  that 


1474  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

it  would  eventually  come.  Almost  all  expressed  much  tolerance 
toward  the  idea  and  thought  it  was  making  progress,  but  the 
Brooklyn  Eagle  called  it  "one  of  the  world's  lost  causes;"  the 
Brooklyn  Times  said ;  "It  has  made  no  new  conquests  in  the  last 
thirty  or  forty  years  and  lacks  the  aggressive  and  resourceful 
leadership  it  once  had;"  the  New  York  Observer  observed  that 
"Miss  Anthony's  peculiar  views  on  this  question  would  be  soon 
forgotten ;"  the  Buffalo  Times  said :  "Miss  Anthony's  taking  off 
is  a  great  blow  to  the  movement  and  there  appears  to  be  reason  for 
belief  that  it  will  gradually  subside."  A  number  of  Southern  pa- 
pers expressed  similar  views,  but,  taking  the  editorial  comment 
as  a  whole,  these  were  in  an  infinitesimal  minority. 

One  never  so  fully  appreciated  the  value  of  the  subjunctive 
mood,  however,  as  in  perusing  these  panegyrics :  "Whatever  pne 
may  think  of  Miss  Anthony's  cardinal  doctrine;"  "even  though 
we  cannot  agree  with  her  conclusions;"  "although  many  may 
widely  differ ;"  "whether  or  not  all  may  sympathize ;"  "it  does  not 
matter  if  one  should  not  approve;"  "even  those  who  may  be  hos- 
tile to  her  cause ;"  "it  is  not  essential  that  one  should  coincide  with 
her  extreme  views."  Over  and  over  magnificent  editorials  were 
impaired  by  these  stereotyped  phrases — which  Miss  Anthony 
hated — by  this  hedging  on  the  part  of  the  writers,  leaving  a  loop- 
hole of  escape  from  this  semi-political  question ;  nothing  could  be 
gained  by  committing  oneself,  something  might  be  lost  perhaps. 
What  was  the  cause,  moral  cowardice  or  simply  a  little  of  the 
moss  and  mold  not  yet  rubbed  off?  But,  notwithstanding  a  con- 
siderable evasion  of  the  main  issue,  the  editorial  expression,  taken 
altogether,  showed  a  decided  advance  of  sentiment  even  since  the 
death  of  Mrs.  Stanton  three-and-a-half  years  before,  which  called 
forth  wide  and  able  comment  of  a  very  progressive  character. 

A  few  of  the  editors  tried  to  translate  the  "regret"  which  Miss 
Anthony  expressed  in  her  last  hours  into  a  confession  that  her 
work  had  been  a  failure.  This  point  is  admirably  considered  in 
the  second  editorial  quoted  from  the  Boston  Herald.  It  was,  of 
course,  a  matter  of  keenest  regret  to  Miss  Anthony  that  complete 
suffrage  for  women  had  not  been  obtained  in  a  larger  number  of 
States.    The  legal,  educational  and  industrial  gains  she  regarded 


[1906]  EDITORIAL   COMMENT.  I475 

as  collateral,  and,  while  fully  appreciating  their  value,  she  consid- 
ered the  suffrage  of  much  more  importance.  She  held,  with  all 
the  leaders  of  this  movement,  that  if  women  could  have  obtained 
political  influence  in  the  beginning  they  would  not  have  had  to 
struggle  fifty  years  for  the  other  rights ;  that  many  of  these  are  of 
uncertain  tenure  and  may  be  taken  away  by  the  same  powers  that 
granted  them ;  and  that  disfranchisement  is  a  much  greater  disad- 
vantage than  the  usual  limitations  of  sex.  She  fully  realized  that 
the  right  of  suffrage  is  more  difficult  to  obtain  than  all  the  others 
combined,  because  this  alone  has  to  receive  the  consent  of  a  ma- 
jority of  all  the  voters  in  a  State,  while  the  others  depended  sim- 
ply on  the  will  of  a  Legislature,  of  a  board  of  trustees,  of  individ- 
\  ual  employers.  She  was  sorely  tried  at  seeing  the  body  of  male 
electors  constantly  augmented  by  ignorance  and  prejudice  against 
the  equality  of  women,  as  in  the  enfranchisement  of  a  million  ne- 
groes immediately  after  the  Civil  War;  of  thousands  of  Indians 
in  recent  years,  and  of  hundreds  of  thousands  of  foreigners  every 
year. 

f    On  the  other  hand  Miss  Anthony  found  great  encouragement 
/  in  the  rapidly  increasing  influence  of  women  in  every  direction ; 

/  she  saw  the  number  in  the  colleges  approaching  that  of  men,  and 
the  number  of  girls  in  the  high  schools  far  exceeding  that  of  boys ; 
she  saw  women  under  liberal  laws  acquiring  property  and  finan- 
cial power ;  she  saw  an  army  of  them  enjoying  the  independence 
of  self-support ;  she  saw  millions  united  in  various  organizations, 
and  these,  in  their  work  for  social  betterment,  brought  face  to  face 
with  legislative  bodies  and  taught  their  helplessness  without  a 

/  vote.  The  National  Suffrage  Association,  which  she  had  founded 
with  a  mere  handful  of  women  and  carried  through  years  of 
weakness  and  poverty,  she  saw  expanded  into  a  great  organiza- 
tion, with  affiliated  branches  in  nearly  every  State ;  with  a  strong 
corps  of  officers;  with  spacious  headquarters,  a  large  office  force, 
a  press  bureau  and  a  newspaper ;  with  a  demand  for  literature  that 
called  for  600  pieces  a  day ;  with  an  income  ten  times  as  large  as  a 
few  years  ago.  She  saw  women  of  all  classes,  creeds  and  interests 
entering  into  the  movement  for  the  franchise,  and  an  absolute 
revolution  of  public  sentiment  in  its  favor,  as  evidenced  in  the 


1476  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

newspapers,   magazines  and   utterances   of  eminent   men  and 
women. 

In  the  United  States  and  many  other  countries  Miss  Anthony 
saw  the  growing  tendency  toward  a  destruction  of  aristocracy  of 
place,  wealth,  political  power  and  sex,  and  the  establishment  of  a 
democracy  along  all  lines.  In  the  widespread  imrest  and  changing 
ideals  she  saw  the  way  preparing  for  the  coming  of  women  into 
their  own,  for  the  recognition  of  their  absolute  equality  of  rights. 
There  is  no  question  that  she  died  in  perfect  confidence  of  the 
complete  success  of  the  movement  to  which  she  had  devoted  her 
life.  On  her  eighty-fifth  birthday  she  wrote:  "We  are  likely  to 
be  cahn,  cool  and  philosophic  as  we  grow  older.  I  certainly  feel 
very  much  less  anxiety  about  the  final  result  of  our  cause  than 
fifty  years  ago.  Then  I  thought  woman  suffrage  was  coming 
right  away,  but  now  I  know  it  is  to  come  only  through  the  slow 
process  of  education,  and  the  results  of  that  education  are  now  re- 
vealing themselves  all  along  the  line."  On  returning  from  Cali- 
fornia she  said  in  an  interview,  July  28,  1905 :  "My  work  has  al- 
ways progressed  and  it  is  making  more  rapid  headway  to-day 
than  ever  before.  I  can  truthfully  say,  in  looking  back  over  my 
eighty-five  years,  that  were  it  possible  to  live  them  over  again,  I 
would  follow  the  same  lines.  Nearing  the  end,  I  am  happy  and 
contented." 

The  most  noticeable  point  about  these  editorials  was  that,  while 
unqualifiedly  approving  and  indorsing  all  the  gains  which  had 
been  made  for  women  by  Miss  Anthony  and  her  coworkers,  a 
considerable  proportion  expressed  very  grave  doubts  as  to  the 
possibility  or  desirability  of  woman  suffrage.  If  they  had  been 
written  a  generation  ago,  the  same  grave  doubts  would  have  been 
expressed  in  regard  to  property  rights,  higher  education,  indus- 
trial opportunities  and  organizations  of  women  with  all  that  these 
imply  in  the  way  of  travelling  to  and  fro,  speaking  in  public  and 
importuning  legislative  bodies.  Forty  years  ago  all  of  these  in- 
novations were  opposed  with  just  as  much  ridicule,  vituperation 
and  awful  prophecy  as  were  used  against  woman  suffrage  at  that 
time.  Now,  by  the  general  public  sentiment  which  this  mass  of 
editorial  expression  represents,  they  are  accepted  with  approba- 


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[1906]  EDITORIAL   COMMENT.  I477 

tion  and  rejoicing,  and  toward  the  suffrage  itself  there  is  no  viru- 
lent opposition,  but  simply  a  scepticism  as  to  its  ever  arriving  or 
its  being  necessary  or  even  desirable. 

There  never  was  so  striking  an  illustration  of  that  utter  absence 
of  logic  which  marks  the  usual  discussion  of  woman  suffrage  as 
appeared  in  these  editorials.  They  united  in  acknowledging  Miss 
Anthony's  foresight,  judgment,  clear  thinking  and  fine  reasoning 
powers ;  they  called  her  a  public  benefactor ;  they  agreed  that  all 
the  rights  which  she  demanded  for  women  that  had  been  secured, 
had  resulted  "not  only  in  the  betterment  of  women  but  of  men 
also ;"  that  "their  denial  now  would  seem  a  reversion  to  barbar- 
ism;" that  "they  have  been  an  essential  factor  in  the  elevation  of 
the  race ;"  that,  "through  their  concession,  American  womanhood 
and  the  American  people  have  received  a  great  uplifting  toward 
purity,  intelligence  and  justice."  They  declared  also  that  "all 
these  have  been  accomplished  without  any  such  impairment  of  the 
home  or  of  womanhood  as  was  predicted ;"  and  they  asserted  that 
"all  these  gains  have  come  as  the  result  of  the  agitation  for 
woman  suffrage."  Having  laid  down  these  emphatic  premises, 
they  then  deducted  the  conclusions  that  Miss  Anthony's  judgment 
might  have  been  wrong  in  demanding  the  franchise ;  that  its  effect 
upon  the  home,  society  and  women  themselves  is  problematic,  and 
that  it  is  doubtful  whether  women  really  want  or  need  it.  In 
reading  these  editorials  one  is  confirmed  in  the  belief  that  men  in 
general  are  incapable  of  applying  their  ordinary  reasoning  proc- 
esses to  a  consideration  of  the  question  of  woman  suffrage. 

A  very  large  per  cent,  of  the  editorials  said  women  did  not  ap- 
preciate Miss  Anthony  and  that  she  should  have  converted  those 
of  her  own  sex.  If  these  three  volumes  of  her  Biography  prove 
nothing  else  they  certainly  do  offer  indisputable  proof  of  the  in- 
tense devotion  of  women  to  Miss  Anthony,  not  only  those  of  her 
own  country  but  also  of  many  others.  There  is  no  example  in  all 
history  of  a  woman  so  universally  appreciated  and  loved  by  other 
women.  From  the  continual  harping  on  the  necessity  of  convert- 
ing her  own  sex  one  would  logically  suppose  that  all  of  the  other 
gains  for  women  had  been  made  because  the  majority  demanded 
them,  while  as  a  matter  of  fact,  not  one  of  them  had  back  of  it  the 


1478  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

smallest  fraction  of  the  demand  by  women  that  they  have  for 
years  been  making  for  the  suffrage.  Great  reforms  have  never 
been  brought  about  because  of  the  demand  of  the  masses  but 
always  because  of  the  foresight,  wisdom  and  ability  of  their  lead- 
ers. 

Whenever  a  roll  is  made  of  the  eminent  women  of  this  country 
who  will  be  known  to  posterity,  it  is  found  to  be  composed  almost 
wholly  of  those  who  have  stood  for  the  enfranchisement  of  their 
sex :  Abigail  Adams  and  Mercy  Otis  Warren,  of  Revolutionary 
times ;  Lydia  Maria  Child,  Abby  Kelly,  the  Grimke  sisters,  of  the 
early  "abolition"  days;  Lucretia  Mott,  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton, 
Susan  B.  Anthony,  Lucy  Stone,  Dr.  Elizabeth  Blackwell,  Harriet 
Beecher  Stowe,  Mary  A.  Livermore,  Anna  Dickinson,  Elizabeth 
Peabody,  Qara  Barton,  Dorothea  Dix,  Julia  Ward  Howe,  Myra 
Bradwell,  Maria  Mitchell,  Harriet  Hosmer,  Frances  E.  Willard, 
Jane  L.  Stanford,  Jane  Addams,  Florence  Kelley,  Carrie  Chap- 
man Catt,  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw,  President  M.  Carey 
Thomas,  Mrs.  Russell  Sage,  Margaret  A.  Haley — ^there  is  scarce- 
ly an  end  to  the  distinguished  names. 

To  make  a  complete  list  of  those  living  and  working  at  the 
present  time  who  are  outspoken  in  favor  of  the  franchise  would 
be  to  name  almost  every  one  who  is  prominently  connected  with 
the  organized  life  of  the  women  of  today — educational,  philan- 
thropic, reformatory,  civic,  industrial — ^the  presidents  of  nearly 
all  large  associations,  the  leaders  of  all  progressive  movements. 
It  would  be  a  list  including  practically  all  the  representative 
women  in  the  United  States,  and  to  this  could  be  added  an  endless 
roster  of  those  in  professional  life  throughout  the  length  and 
breadth  of  the  land.  No  one  class  in  this  country  ever  made  a  de- 
mand for  the  suffrage  which  even  approached  in  magnitude  that 
which  is  now  being  made  by  women. 

This  reiterated  injunction  to  the  advocates  of  woman  suffrage 
to  convert  their  own  sex  is  simply  the  last  refuge  of  opponents 
who  have  seen  everything  in  the  shape  pf  an  argument  refuted 
and  demolished. 

The  small  organization  of  women  known  as  the  Anti-Suffrage 
Association  will  receive  no  solace  or  support  from  these  editorials. 


[1906]  EDITORIAL   COMMENT.  I479 


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One  of  its  stock  arguments  is  that  the  advantages  women  now 
/      enjoy  are  in  no  way  due  to  Miss  Anthony  and  the  woman  suffrage 
•       movement.    When  nearly  one  thousand  editors  make  the  distinct 
i        and  unequivocal  statement  that  these  advantages  are  the  direct 
'         result  of  the  work  of  Miss  Anthony  and  her  associates,  and  that 
the  women  of  all  time  will  reap  the  benefits  of  it  and  be  under  ob- 
ligations for  it,  we  may  accept  this  as  a  verdict  which  cannot  be 
set  aside.    The  Anti-Suffragists  will  find  cold  comfort  in  the  oft- 
repeated  statements  that  if  all  women  were  like  Miss  Anthony  it 
might  be  advisable  to  entrust  them  with  the  ballot;  and  in  the 
half-concealed  sneers  at  the  incompetence  of  women  and  the  un- 
mistakable assumption  of  their  general  inferiority — sentiments 
which  always  will  be  found  at  the  bottom  of  opposition  to  woman 
suffrage. 

Some  of  the  editorials  said  Miss  Anthony  would  be  better  re- 
membered for  her  work  for  other  reforms  than  for  woman  suf- 
\        frage;  that  she  gave  her  best  efforts  for  other  causes;  that  she 
was  gradually  led  to  the  belief  in  woman's  right  to  the  franchise ; 
'         that  she  did  not  begin  her  labors  for  this  imtil  after  the  Civil 
,         War.   Miss  Anthony  commenced  her  actual  public  work  in  1852 
— for  temperance — and  that  year  in  a  published  appeal  she  de- 
•         clared  "the  right  of  woman  to  march  to  the  ballot  box  and  deposit 
j         a  vote."*  From  this  very  year  while  she  labored  without  ceasing 
:         for  temperance,  for  better  laws  for  women  and  for  the  abolition 
\        of  slavery,  she  subordinated  every  cause  to  that  of  woman  suf- 
\        frage.    If  all  that  she  accomplished  along  other  lines  had  to  be 
forgotten  she  would  wish  to  be  remembered  for  her  work  for 
the  enfranchisement  of  women,  which  she  always  regarded  as 
infinitely  beyond  and  above  all  other  reforms.   Nothing  irritated 
her  so  much  as  the  superficial  statement  that  "everything  has  been 
gained  for  women."  She  invariably  answered,  "Without  the  suf- 
frage they  have  the  shadow,  not  the  substance." 

Other  editorials  said  the  laws  were  now  better  for  women 
than  for  men,  that  they  had  more  legal  rights  in  regard  to 
property,  etc.  This  assertion  cannot  be  justified  in  a  single  State. 
Others  prefixed  the  adjective  "masculine"  to  Miss  Anthony's 

^Volume  I,  pag«  71. 

Ant.  Ill— 24 


\ 

\ 


1480  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

Strongest  attributes — "man-like  courage,"  "power  almost  mas- 
culine"— everything  great  was  masculine.  Still  others  laid  much 
stress  on  her  "womanliness,"  and  in  the  same  breath  objected  to 
women's  voting  because  "it  might  make  them  unwomanly  to 
enter  public  life."  A  few  were  "glad  for  the  sake  of  the  home 
that  she  was  not  the  typical  woman."  They  failed  to  see  that  it 
would  not  be  well  for  the  home  if  all  men  followed  the  life  of  a 
reformer,  and  yet  that  homes  are  made  safer,  better  and  happier 
because  a  few  brave  men  and  women  do  consecrate  their  lives  to 
the  securing  of  reforms  affecting  domestic  affairs  and  the  con- 
ditions of  community  and  State. 

The  Savannah  News  said,  "One  of  Miss  Anthony's  reforms 
was  to  have  a  recognition  of  God  in  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,"  an  assertion  which  had  not  the  slightest  founda- 
tion. Other  papers  quoted  her  as  saying:  "Our  cause  will  suc- 
ceed because  God  wills  it ;"  "we  can  never  fail  so  long  as  God  is 
God"— expressions  that  she  never  used.*  An  editorial  in  a  Buf- 
falo (N.  Y.),  paper  contained  over  twenty  mistakes  in  dates,  in- 
cidents, etc.  Errors  of  a  biographical  or  historical  nature  were, 
however,  remarkably  few. 

In  all  the  newspaper  comment  there  was  a  refreshing  and  en- 
couraging absence  of  such  reference  to  "spinsterhood,"  "woman's 
sphere,"  "special  functions"  and  the  like  as  would  have  been  uni- 
versal less  than  a  generation  ago.  This  indicates  that  the  time  has 
come  when  a  woman  may  be  judged  in  her  individual  capacity, 
just  as  a  man  is  judged,  which  is  one  of  the  conditions  Miss  An- 
thony worked  to  bring  about.  With  but  few  exceptions  the  per- 
sonality and  career  of  this  great  woman  were  considered  in  the 
same  spirit  as  those  of  a  great  man  would  be,  and  this  universal 
expression  of  respect  and  appreciation  is  far  more  than  a  national 
eulogium  on  Miss  Anthony.  It  is  a  recognition  of  her  work 
which  lifts  it  to  an  exalted  plane  and  inspires  with  zeal  and 
courage  all  who  are  earnestly  striving  to  carry  it  forward.  Thus 
even  in  death  this  grand,  heroic  soul  continues  the  dominant  pur- 
pose of  a  noble  life. 

>  See  references  to  the  Deit,y  in  preceding  volumet. 


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[1906]  EDITORIAL    COMMENT.  I481 

During  the  preparation  of  the  Biography  and  the  Fourth  Vol- 
ume of  the  History  of  Woman  Suffrage  the  present  writer  spent 
the  larger  part  of  seven  years  in  the  home  of  Susan  B.  An- 
thony. Taught  to  reverence  her  in  childhood,  an  acquaintance  in 
maturity  had  increased  the  profound  admiration  for  her  strong 
and  beautiful  character;  but  the  study  of  her  life  and  the  years 
of  close  companionship  revealed  heights  and  depths  undreamed 
of  and  at  their  end  she  seemed  an  infinitely  greater  woman  than 
at  their  beginning.  In  remembrance  of  those  inestimable  years  the 
writer  offers  as  her  personal  tribute  a  few  extracts  from  articles 
written  at  the  time  of  Miss  Anthony's  death. 

(From  Syndicate  Article.) 

It  has  been  said  of  Pericles,  the  great  statesman  and  ruler  of  Greece,  that 
"he  found  Athens  brick  and  left  it  marble."  This  may  be  said  of  Susan  B. 
Anthony  as  regards  the  status  of  woman,  for  she  wrought  as  wonderful  a 
transformation.  ...  No  personal  sacrifice  was  too  great  for  Miss  An- 
thony to  make  if  she  could  advance  the  cause  to  which  she  consecrated  her 
time,  strength,  ability,  money,  all  there  was  of  her — body,  mind  and  heart 
She  left  the  home  she  loved,  she  gave  up  marriage,  she  defied  the  conven- 
tions of  society,  she  braved  the  world,  for  the  single  object  of  obtaining 
for  women  the  rights  of  which  they  had  been  so  long  deprived,  and  without 
which  they  would  always  remain  subordinate  and  undeveloped. 

Miss  Anthony  was  the  chief  object  of  the  early  persecution  for  several 
reasons.  She  was  unmarried,  which  a  generation  or  two  ago  was  an  espe- 
cial reproach  to  a  woman  and  a  justification  for  making  her  a  target;  she 
struck  her  blows  straight  from  the  shoulder,  called  things  by  their  right 
names,  was  absolutely  fearless,  accepted  no  compromises,  was  never  silenced, 
never  deceived,  never  turned  aside  from  her  purpose;  she  held  men  strictly 
to  account  and  demanded  justice;  roused  women  from  their  self-compla- 
cency and  made  them  realize  their  true  position.  She  was  the  most  danger- 
ous foe  to  the  established  order  of  things  and  therefore  the  one  who  must 
be  crushed.  But  Miss  Anthony  never  was  crushed.  Never  for  one  moment 
did  she  cease  from  effort  or  doubt  the  ultimate  success  of  her  work.  Her 
closest  friends  were  always  of  the  highest  character  and  by  the  sheer  force 
of  her  own  strong  personality  she  lifted  her  cause  to  a  plane  of  universal 
respect 

A  principal  reason  for  the  large  following  of  loyal  and  devoted  adherents 
which  she  retained  through  all  the  years  was  that  she  never  rose  to  place 
and  power  on  the  shoulders  of  other  people.  Her  hands  were  ever  out- 
stretched to  lift  others  up  with  herself,  and  she  was  always  on  the  alert  to 
discover  ability  in  other  women  which  she  could  help  them  utilize.  One 
secret  of  her  unfailing  optimism  was  her  absolute  faith  in  women,  which 


1482  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.'  [1906] 

nothing  could  shake.  If  they  proved  a  disappointment  she  would  say,  '^t  is 
their  inheritance,  their  environment,  the  next  generation  will  do  better." 
The  vast  reservoir  of  her  trust  in  the  final  triumph  of  justice  and  right  was 
never  exhausted,  and  she  left  her  faith  and  optimism  as  a  priceless  legacy 
to  those  who  had  already  accepted  her  work  as  a  sacred  heritage. 

(From  article  "The  Lighter  Side") 

A  leading  quality  of  Miss  Anthony  was  common  sense,  and  there  never 
was  a  more  zealous  adherent  of  the  gospel  of  work.  If  she  were  utterly 
exhausted  she  would  say:  "I'm  so  lazy  that  I'm  not  doing  anything  today." 
When  a  woman  came  to  her  and  said:  "I'm  praying  for  you  all  the  time," 
she  answered,  "Well,  pray  with  your  hands  and  your  feet;  I  like  prayers 
that  take  the  form  of  work."  At  the  close  of  one  of  her  speeches  she  said: 
"Now,  I  don't  want  all  you  women  to  rush  up  here  and  tell  me  how  much 
you  love  me.  If  you  really  do  love  me  you'll  go  home  and  get  right  to 
work."  .  .  .  Some  one  asked  her  if  she  didn't  get  very  tired  shaking 
hands  with  so  many  people.  "Not  so  tired  as  I  used  to  get  when  nobody 
wanted  to  shake  hands  with  me,"  was  the  answer. 

Miss  Anthony  never  would  allow  one  woman  to  speak  to  her  against  an- 
other, but  would  always  say,  "Why  can't  you  give  other  people  credit  for  just 
as  good  motives  as  you  have  yourself?"  She  never  descended  to  small  poli- 
tics; personal  animosities  had  no  part  in  her  life;  all  resolved  itself  into  one 
question,  "Will  it  help  or  hurt  the  cause?"  In  late  years  Mrs.  Stanton  used  to 
accuse  her  of  growing  conservative,  but  she  was  simply  tired  of  controversy, 
and,  besides,  she  saw  no  benefit  in  arousing  antagonism  against  woman  suf- 
frage by  advocating  extraneous  matters.  Her  unchanging  belief  was  that 
women  should  get  the  suffrage  first  and  then  there  would  be  positive  force 
behind  their  opinions  on  all  questions. 

There  was  a  prevalent  belief  that  Miss  Anthony  hated  men.  It  would  not 
have  been  strange  if  this  were  true,  for  she  was  misrepresented,  ridiculed,  be- 
rated and  maligned  publicly  by  them  in  her  early  years,  and  privately  when 
general  sentiment  would  no  longer  tolerate  outspoken  criticism.  The  laws  she 
condemned  were  made  by  men ;  the  petitions  she  carried  to  legislative  bodies 
were  scorned  by  men;  the  questions  she  and  her  organization  were  obliged 
to  submit  to  the  voters  were  defeated  by  men  almost  continuously  for  forty 
years.  They  deceived  her,  they  broke  their  promises,  they  lied  to  her,  and  they 
exulted  over  her  because  they  had  power  to  do  these  things.  It  would  have 
been  most  natural  for  her  to  hate  men — but  she  did  not  hate  them.  For  many 
of  them,  indeed,  she  felt  a  profound  contempt,  and  the  h3rpocritical  compli- 
ments to  herself  personally  by  those  who  were  the  enemies  of  all  she  stood  for 
filled  her  soul  with  weariness  and  disgust  In  this  she  was  no  exception  to 
other  women  who  have  had  the  same  experience. 

But  for  men  who  were  fair  and  broad  enough  to  recognize  the  justice  of  her 
cause  and  to  treat  it  and  its  advocates  with  respect,  she  had  the  highest  appre- 
ciation, and  for  those  who  reached  a  helping  hand  she  felt  the  deepest  grati- 
tude and  friendship.    She  enjoyed  nothing  more  than  a  conversation  with  an 


[1906]  EDITORIAL    COMMENT.  I483 

educated,  progressive  man,  and  when  to  these  qualities  he  added  soundness  of 
moral  principles  and  integrity  of  character,  no  one  exceeded  her  in  admiration. 

As  to  herself  marrying  Miss  Anthony  often  said  to  the  writer :  "Any  woman 
will  marry  if  the  man  she  loves  asks  her.  I  am  no  different  from  other 
women."  Once  she  said:  "No  woman  is  ever  wholly  independent  who  has 
yielded  to  her  love  nature  either  in  marriage  or  out  of  it."  Very  few  men 
came  up  to  her  standard  for  a  husband,  and  in  her  young  days  the  men  who 
proposed  marriage  had  no  attraction  for  her.  As  she  grew  older  she  was  so 
completely  absorbed  in  her  work  that  she  did  not  have  time  to  think  of  marry- 
ing. Once  she  actually  had  her  secretary  answer  the  letter  of  an  old  admirer 
who  had  become  a  widower  and  wished  to  renew  their  acquaintance. 

There  is  no  doubt,  however,  that  with  her  innate  sense  of  impartial  justice 
and  personal  independence  the  conditions  of  marriage  in  early  days  must  have 
made  it  seem  repugnant,  for  the  wife  in  law  and  custom  was  literally  a  chattel, 
the  property  of  the  husband. 

For  many  years  the  announcement  of  Miss  Anthony's  presence  anywhere 
was  sure  to  attract  a  very  large  audience,  and  she  was  generally  willing  to 
give  it  if  in  this  way  she  could  help  her  cause,  but  of  late  she  said  many 
times:  "Oh,  I  am  so  tired  of  being  the  white  elephant  to  draw  the  crowd;  if 
only  I  could  feel  that  it  was  not  really  necessary  and  that  I  might  stay  at 
home !"  She  also  grew  very  tired  of  having  things  attributed  to  her  which  she 
never  said  or  did,  and  she  often  exclaimed :  "Will  I  ever  cease  to  be  a  target 
for  anybody  and  everybody  to  aim  at?  I  think  I  should  like  to  be  forgotten 
for  awhile." 

Miss  Anthony  can  never  be  forgotten,  because  the  work  she  did  will  live  for- 
ever and  keep  her  memory  fresh  and  beautiful.  The  little  incidents  here  re- 
lated show  simply  the  lighter  side  of  her  character ;  volumes  would  be  required 
to  give  an  idea  of  its  deeper  currents. 

(From  the  New  York  Independent,  March  22.) 

On  the  roll  of  America's  great  women  the  name  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  must 
always  stand  at  the  head,  because  there  never  will  be  required  of  any  other 
woman  the  long  and  hard  pioneer  work  performed  by  her.  Women  of  the 
present  and  of  future  generations  will  labor  to  bring  about  reforms  and  to  ad- 
vance the  interests  of  humanity,  but  they  will  never  meet  such  conditions  as 
Miss  Anthony  and  her  associates  faced  when  they  began  their  struggle  to 
emancipate  woman.  That  foremost  of  rights — ^the  right  to  speak  in  public — 
was  forbidden  by  a  sentiment  stronger  than  law.  A  custom  equally  potent  pro- 
hibited them  from  advocating  their  cause  in  the  newspapers.  Wives — and 
most  women  were  married — had  practically  no  legal  existence,  could  not  own 
property,  make  a  contract,  bring  suit,  give  testimony  in  court  or  control  their 
wages.  Women  were  not  recognized  as  industrial  factors  and  had  almost  no 
employment  outside  the  home.  They  had  no  form  of  organization.  Not  a 
high  school  was  open  to  them,  while  a  college  education  was  hardly  dreamed 
of.  Their  position  in  every  respect  was  much  inferior  to  that  of  men.  Their 
opinions  on  any  question  outside  of  domestic  affairs  had  no  weight  whatever, 


1484  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

and,  indeed,  the  number  who  had  any  such  opinions  was  infinitesimal.  For 
the  few  brave  ones  who  wished  to  change  existing  conditions,  to  carry  their 
case  before  the  public,  to  make  their  appeals  to  legislative  bodies,  there  were 
only  ridicule,  contempt  and  denunciation.  Most  discouraging  of  all  was  the 
fact  that  these  came  from  women  as  well  as  men,  and  that  the  strongest  ob- 
stacle they  met  was  the  very  class  they  were  striving  to  benefit. 

Miss  Anthony  held  the  gavel  at  more  conventions  than  any  other  woman, 
and  as  a  presiding  officer  she  was  not  equaled  by  any.  She  participated  in 
more  State  campaigns  than  any  other  woman.  She  lectured  from  ocean  to 
ocean  and  in  almost  every  State  and  Territory,  her  platform  work  covering 
a  period  of  fifty-seven  years.  She  was  the  only  woman,  and,  indeed,  the 
only  person,  who  gave  over  half-a-century  of  continuous  work  in  the  interest 
of  one  reform.  She  was  the  pioneer  in  securing  for  women  every  right 
and  privilege  they  enjoy  today — in  laws,  in  education,  in  business  oppor- 
tunities, in  suffrage,  in  almost  unlimited  personal  freedom.  She  struck  the 
blows  which  undermined  the  wall  of  prejudice  and  custom  that  had  sur- 
rounded women  for  ages  and  held  them  in  a  condition  not  far  removed 
from  actual  bondage.  She  laid  the  foundation  on  which  the  women  of  all 
the  future  will  build.  Beyond  all  others  she  was  made  the  target  of  ridicule, 
scorn,  abuse  and  misrepresentation,  because  she  was  the  most  fearless,  per- 
sistent and  outspoken.  Others  would  try  to  make  converts  by  soft  words, 
by  concessions,  by  feminine  attractions,  but  she,  while  always  dignified  and 
womanly,  hewed  to  the  line,  told  the  unvarnished  truth,  never  temporized, 
admitted  no  compromise. 

But  in  proportion  as  her  early  experiences  were  more  severe,  her  later  life 
had  richer  rewards  than  ever  came  to  any  other  woman.  Beyond  all  others 
she  was  recognized,  honored  and  loved.  Men  and  women  alike  paid  tribute  to 
herself  and  her  work.  She  lived  to  see  most  that  she  fought  for  accomplished, 
and  to  know  beyond  any  doubt  that  all  she  demanded  would  eventually  be  se- 
cured. 

(From  Collier's  Weekly,  March  31.) 

Many  years  ago  the  Chicago  Tribune,  edited  by  Joseph  Medill,  said  of  Miss 
Anthony:  "She  has  stood  the  storm  of  abuse  that  she  has  aroused  with 
perfect  equanimity,  and  while  others  were  cowed  by  the  ridicule,  which  was 
hardest  of  all  to  bear,  she  used  this  opportunity  to  show  to  women  the  real 
opinion  of  them  entertained  by  the  stronger  sex." 

This  keen  and  truthful  statement  explains  why,  in  the  early  years.  Miss 
Anthony  was  more  abused  and  hated  by  both  men  and  women  than  any  of 
the  other  reformers.  She  turned  on  the  light.  The  masses  of  women  had  been 
for  ages  deceived  into  believing  that  men  loved  them  because  they  were 
dependent  and  inert,  and  reverenced  them  because  they  accepted  with  meek- 
ness their  inferior  position.  She  pointed  out  to  them  that  at  their  first  effort 
to  assert  their  liberty  and  independence  they  were  overwhelmed  with  the 
derision  and  contempt  of  men  who  did  not  consider  them  worthy  or  capable 
of  either.   This  angered  the  men  and  humiliated  the  women  and  both  made 


[1906]  EDITORIAL    COMMENT,  I485 

common  cause  against  the  one  who  had  dared  disturb  the  existing  order.  But 
the  old  regime  began  to  disintegrate  and  a  new  and  infinitely  better  one  to 
evolve.  As  the  evolution  of  women  themselves  has  continued  the  most  of 
them  have  accepted  each  new  opportunity  as  their  birthright,  with  no  more 
thought  of  those  who  secured  it  for  them  than  has  the  child  of  the  mother 
who  risked  her  life  that  it  might  live.  But  to  the  credit  of  the  sex  and  the 
race  there  are  countless  thousands  who  go  back  to  the  first  cause,  and  they 
find  it  in  those  dauntless  souls  who  suffered  crucifixion  for  the  salvation  of 
womankind. 

(From  the  April  Review  of  Reviews,) 

It  is  not  possible  to  put  into  words  the  inferior  status  of  women  in  the 
middle  of  the  last  century,  when  Miss  Anthony,  a  young  woman  of  thirty, 
stood  forth  as  a  leader  of  the  most  forlorn  and  hopeless  cause  that  ever 
called  for  recognition  and  assistance.  She  started  out  to  move  the  world 
without  a  spot  on  which  to  rest  her  lever.  Those  she  wished  to  regenerate 
were  for  the  most  part  an  inert  mass,  who,  when  roused  to  action,  only  pro- 
tested against  being  disturbed.  There  was  no  homogeneity,  no  esprit  de  corps^ 
among  women;  each  lived  her  narrow,  isolated  life,  reaching  out  feebly  to 
help  those  within  immediate  touch,  but  utterly  unconscious  of  responsibility 
to  the  community  in  general  or  the  world  at  large.  They  suffered  from  many 
wrongs,  but  they  had  been  taught  for  countless  generations  that  to  protest  was 
rebellion  against  the  Divine  Will.  Church,  State  and  Society  combined  to 
rivet  their  chains  and  when  one  came  who  would  set  them  free,  the  oppres- 
sors crucified  her  and  the  oppressed  gave  sanction  to  the  act.  To  face  this 
situation,  to  stand  almost  single-handed  against  the  tyranny,  bigotry,  preju- 
dice, ignorance  and  deep-seated  customs  of  the  ages,  to  have  no  precedent 
for  a  guide,  no  past  victories  for  an  inspiration,  no  present  sympathy  or  grati- 
tude— this  was  what  it  meant  to  wage  the  battle  for  the  rights  of  women 
half-a-century  ago.  Now  practically  all  of  these  hard  conditions  have  been 
met  and  conquered,  so  there  never  will  be,  there  never  can  be,  another  Susan 
B.  Anthony.  She  will  forever  stand  alone  and  unapproached,  her  fame  con- 
tinually increasing  as  evolution  lifts  humanity  into  higher  appreciation  of 
justice  and  liberty. 

The  most  persecuted  of  all  women  in  her  early  days.  Miss  Anthony  was 
the  most  honored  of  all  in  the  closing  years  of  her  life.  In  her  own  country 
she  long  has  stood  without  a  peer.  At  the  great  International  Council  of 
Women  in  London,  in  1899,  and  again  at  the  one  held  in  Berlin,  in  1904,  she 
was  welcomed  by  representatives  of  all  nations  as  leader  of  the  women  of  the 
world.  None  ever  has  received  such  recognition  because  of  service  rendered 
to  humanity.  In  history  she  will  be  known  as  the  Liberator  of  Woman,  and 
endless  generations  will  read  the  story  of  her  life  with  gratitude  and  rever- 
ence. 

(From  the  April  North  American  Review.) 

The  world  in  its  progress  reached  a  period  about  the  middle  of  the  last 
century  when  it  needed  just  such  a  reformer  as  Susan  B.  Anthony.  The  time 


i486  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1906] 

had  come  for  the  regeneration  of  that  half  of  humanity  neglected  in  the 
struggle  for  existence  through  which  the  race  has  evolved  from  savagery  to 
civilization.  In  this  struggle,  woman,  handicapped  hy  motherhood,  domestic 
requirements  and  physical  limitations,  had  not  been  able  to  keep  pace  with 
man,  and,  as  the  natural  result,  had  become  wholly  subject  to  his  laws,  cus- 
toms and  commands.  When  the  claims  of  material  necessities  began  to  grow 
less  strenuous,  there  came  an  opportunity  for  the  more  spiritual  forces  to 
gain  recognition,  and  thus  dawned  the  era  of  free  womanhood. 

A  few  prophets  among  women  had  been  crying  in  the  wilderness  for  a 
number  of  years  when  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  sounded  her  trumpet-call  for 
a  gathering  of  the  believers  in  1848.  Its  echoes  reached  to  the  East  and  the 
West  and  slumbering  forces  were  roused  to  action.  The  spirit  of  unrest  con- 
tinued to  spread;  women  began  to  wonder  and  ask  questions;  the  time  was 
ripe  for  a  revolution  and  the  one  to  direct  it  was  at  hand,  for  just  as  the 
century  turned  into  its  second  half,  came  Susan  B.  Anthony.  No  one  who 
makes  a  careful  study  of  the  great  movement  for  the  emancipation  of  woman 
can  fail  to  recognize  in  Miss  Anthony  its  supreme  leader.  Her  powers  of 
speaking  and  writing  were  surpassed,  perhaps,  by  the  splendid  abilities  of 
Mrs.  Stanton;  but,  as  a  planner,  an  organizer,  a  manager,  a  politician  in  the 
best  sense  of  the  word,  Miss  Anthony  was  unequaled.  The  qualities  of  these 
are  even  more  essential  in  the  campaign  work  necessary  to  a  cause  which 
enters  the  domain  of  politics  than  are  those  of  the  orator  or  the  writer. 

But  there  were  other  traits  possessed  by  Miss  Anthony  which  made  her 
leadership  pre-eminent.  She  had  a  keen  discernment  of  special  gifts  in  other 
women  which  could  be  utilized  and  a  faculty  for  bringing  and  keeping  them 
in  the  work.  Almost  beyond  any  other,  she  had  the  power  to  create  a  fol- 
lowing which  would  remain  unwaveringly  loyal  and  devoted  in  the  face  of 
repeated  disappointments  and  defeats.  She  was  endowed,  as  few  others  have 
been,  with  an  unflinching  courage,  determination  and  spirit  of  personal  sacri- 
fice, which  were  needed  more  in  her  especial  work  than  in  any  other  ever 
undertaken  by  woman.  But  the  strongest  reason  why  Susan  B.  Anthony  will 
\  be  ever  acknowledged  the  general-in-chief  of  this  long  contest  for  the  free- 
dom of  woman  is  that  she  is  the  only  one  who  gave  to  it  her  whole  life, 
-  consecrating  to  its  service  every  hour  of  her  time  and  every  power  of  her 
I  being.  Other  women  did  what  they  could;  came  into  the  work  for  a  while 
and  dropped  out;  had  the  divided  interests  of  family  and  social  relations; 
turned  their  attention  to  reforms  which  promised  speedier  rewards;  surren- 
dered to  the  forces  of  persecution  which  assailed  them.  With  Miss  Anthony, 
the  cause  of  woman  took  the  place  of  husband,  children,  society;  it  was  her 
work  and  her  recreation ;  her  politics  and  her  religion.  "I  know  only  woman 
and  her  disfranchised,"  was  her  platform  and  her  creed. 

On  the  evening  of  February  15,  the  eighty-sixth  birthday  of  Miss  Anthony 
was  celebrated  in  Washington,  the  city  which  had  welcomed  her  so  many 
times  during  the  past  forty  years.  Letters  of  congratulation  were  read  from 
the  President  of  the  United  States,  from  Senators,  Representatives,  many  dis- 
tinguished men  and  women.  Those  she  loved  were  gathered  around  her  and 


[1906]  EDITORIAL   COMMENT.  I487 

all  about  was  the  earnest,  sympathetic  audience  which  had  ever  been  her 
inspiration.  Robed  in  her  soft,  black  gown,  relieved  as  always  with  delicate 
lace,  her  silver  hair  parted  over  her  noble  brow,  she  sat  there  just  as  she  had 
so  many  times  before — ^and  yet  there  was  a  difference.  The  great  reformer, 
the  orator,  the  planner  of  campaigns,  seemed  to  have  faded  into  the  back- 
ground and  left  instead  only  the  beautiful,  beloved  woman,  with  an  expression 
so  spiritual  that  to  every  heart  came  the  thrill  of  sorrowful  thought— This  is 
the  last  I  One  month  from  that  night  the  snow  was  falling  on  her  new-made 
grave. 


CHAPTER  LXXV. 

DEATH  OF  MARY  S.  ANTHONY  AND  CLOSING  OF  THE  OU)  HOME. 

1907. 

EADERS  of  these  volumes  of  the  Biography  of 
Susan  B.  Anthony  doubtless  have  noticed  how 
closely  through  the  warp  and  woof  of  her  life  has 
run  the  thread  of  that  of  her  sister  Mary,  who  was 
seven  years  her  junior.  From  the  birth  of  the 
younger  sister  the  two  lived  under  the  same  roof  and  for  seventy- 
nine  years  they  enjoyed  the  closest  companionship.  Two  persons 
were  never  more  unlike  in  temperament  or  more  alike  in  aims 
and  ideals,  while  in  the  practical  affairs  of  life,  each  was  the 
needed  complement  of  the  other.  Although  so  different  by  nature, 
yet  so  strong  was  their  character,  so  complete  their  self-control, 
so  deep  their  affection,  that  impatient  words,  misunderstandings 
or  opposing  actions  were  wholly  absent.  Miss  Anthony  had  a 
national  reputation  for  almost  forty  years  before  the  general  pub- 
lic knew  of  the  quiet  sister  at  home,  who  all  this  time  had  been 
her  moral,  physical  and  many  times  her  financial  support.  The 
two  sisters  a  little  older  and  a  little  younger  than  Miss  Anthony 
married  at  an  early  age  and  remained  behind  when  the  family 
removed  from  Eastern  to  Western  New  York  in  1845.  The  two 
brothers  went  to  Kansas  to  reside  in  the  early  fifties,  and  thence- 
forth Susan  B.  and  Mary  S.  were  the  only  ones  at  home.  After 
the  death,  in  1862,  of  the  father,  who  had  always  been  a  tower 
of  strength  to  Miss  Anthony,  she  learned  to  depend  on  the 
capable,  steadfast,  loyzl  sister,  and  this  dependence  increased,  as 
the  years  went  by,  up  to  the  last  hour  of  her  life. 

Mary  Stafford  Anthony  was  born  April  2,  1827,  in  Battenville, 

(1488) 


[1907]  DEATH   OF   MARY   S.    ANTHONY.  I489 

Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  the  next  year  after  the  family  removed 
there  from  Adams,  Mass.  She  was  but  ten  years  old  when  the 
fortune  of  her  father  was  swept  away  by  the  panic  of  1837,  and 
she  grew  to  womanhood  under  conditions  of  the  closest  economy, 
the  lessons  then  learned  remaining  with  her  through  life.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Anthony  educated  their  daughters  carefully,  which  was 
unusual  for  those  early  days,  and  at  seventeen  Mary  taught  the 
district  school  at  Fort  Edward,  receiving  $1.50  a  week  and 
"boarding  round."  The  family  soon  afterwards  settling  on  a 
farm  near  Rochester,  she  found  plenty  of  occupation  at  home  for 
the  next  eight  years,  but  all  of  her  spare  hours  were  given  to  study 
and  she  was  especially  proficient  in  mathematics  and  history.  In 
1854  she  returned  to  her  old  home  and  taught  one  year  in  the 
district  school  and  one  in  a  private  school  at  Easton,  N.  Y.  She 
entered  the  public  schools  of  Rochester  as  a  teacher  in  1856,  and 
became  principal  of  Ward  School  No.  2  in  1868,  where  she  re- 
mained until  1883.  At  this  time  she  resigned  her  position,  having 
devoted  thirty  years  to  the  profession  of  teaching,  twenty-seven 
of  these  in  the  public  schools  of  Rochester.  She  was  an  excellent 
disciplinarian  and  teacher,  and  many  of  the  prominent  men  and 
women  of  that  city  recall  with  pride  the  days  when  they  were  her 
pupils.  She  retained  always  the  keenest  interest  in  schools,  teach- 
ers and  all  matters  connected  with  education.^  After  the  father 
died  the  family  left  the  farm  and  went  into  town  and  for  ten 
years  before  the  mother's  death,  in  1880,  she  was  an  invalid,  the 
last  six  years  entirely  helpless.  During  all  this  time  Miss  Mary 
had  full  charge  of  the  house  and  of  her  mother,  and  during  much 
of  it  the  additional  care  of  young  nieces  and  nephews.  It  was  a 
time  when  there  had  to  be  a  stove  in  every  room,  when  there  was 
no  running  water  or  any  of  the  modem  conveniences,  and  when 
most  of  the  food  had  to  be  prepared  at  home.  Every  morning 
before  going  to  school  she  put  the  house  in  order,  bathed  and 
dressed  her  mother,  cooked  her  breakfast  and  gave  it  to  her  and 
did  the  day's  marketing.  She  slept  on  a  couch  in  the  sick  room 
and  was  up  to  look  after  the  invalid  many  times  every  night.    In 

^  For  instances  showing  Miss  Mary's  strong  stand  for  woman's  rifl^t  to  equal  pay  see 
Chapter  XII,  pages  191,  192. 


I490  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1907] 

the  chapters  devoted  to  those  years  numerous  instances  may  be 
seen  of  the  help  and  encouragement  she  found  time  to  give  to  her 
sister,  who  was  passing  through  the  severest  stress  and  storm  of 
her  existence. 

The  whole  life  of  Mary  Anthony  was  one  of  self-sacrifice  and 
service  to  others.  When  her  mother  had  passed  beyond  need  of 
her  care  and  she  had  given  up  the  duties  of  the  schoolroom,  she 
did  not  pause  for  the  rest  she  had  so  fully  earned  but  turned  at 
once  to  other  fields  of  usefulness.  An  earnest  member  of  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.  she  did  all  in  her  power  to  promote  its  aims ;  she 
was  also  an  active  worker  in  the  Red  Cross  Association  and  was 
with  Miss  Clara  Barton  through  all  the  calamity  of  the  Johnstown 
flood.  Every  line  of  the  varied  activities  of  the  Unitarian  Church 
received  her  assistance.  She  was  an  officer  of  the  city's  Committee 
of  Charities  and  gave  her  personal  attention  to  scores  of  individ- 
ual cases.  Many  days  of  every  year  were  devoted  to  mending  and 
making  over  for  poor  children  garments  which  she  had  collected 
from  friends,  and  no  day  was  too  inclement  for  her  to  carry  these 
and  baskets  of  food  where  they  were  needed.  She  substituted 
without  charge  for  teachers  who  were  ill  and  could  not  afford  to 
lose  their  salary ;  and  she  took  care  of  sick  mothers  whose  daugh- 
ters were  obliged  to  go  away  from  home  to  earn  the  daily  bread. 

In  the  years  preceding  and  during  the  Civil  War  her  very  soul 
was  enlisted  in  the  effort  to  abolish  slavery,  and  after  this  had 
been  done  she  felt  always  the  strongest  friendship  and  sympathy 
for  the  negro  race,  which  she  manifested  in  many  helpful  ways. 
As  was  the  case  with  her  sister,  however,  the  dominating  interest 
of  her  whole  life  was  in  securing  equality  of  rights  for  women. 
When  that  immortal  first  Woman's  Rights  Convention  of  1848 
adjourned  from  Seneca  Falls  to  Rochester,  she  and  her  father 
and  mother  joyfully  attended  and  signed  the  "Declaration." 
Nearly  fifty  years  afterwards,  at  the  urgent  request  of  the  Unity 
Club,  she  gave  at  one  of  its  meetings  some  "reminiscences"  of  the 
old  Unitarian  Church  on  Fitzhugh  Street  long  since  swept  out  of 
existence  by  the  inroads  of  business,  in  which  she  said : 

This  church  was  memorable  to  me  personally  for  two  distinct  epochs  in  my 
life  that  I  have  always  counted  among  the  most  fortunate.  It  was  the  church 


MARY  S.  ANTHONY. 

Agbd  About  Twbnty-Fivb,  from  a  Dagubrrbotypb. 


[1907]  DEATH   OF   MARY   S.    ANTHONY,  I49I 

in  which  my  father  for  the  first  time  felt  that  he  could  conscientiously  listen 
to  what  the  Society  of  Friends  called  "hireling  ministry,"  a  paid  minister, 
music  and  all  the  accompanying  formalities  of  church  service.  Those  of  you, 
who  when  young  loved  music,  can  appreciate  my  pleasure  in  the  change  from 
the  long  and  often  silent  Quaker  meeting,  broken  at  last  only  by  the  hand- 
shaking, to  one  where  instrumental  and  vocal  music  was  followed  by  a  good 
sermon,  interesting  to  old  and  young  alike,  and  then  more  music.  The  liberal 
preaching  of  William  Henry  Channing  in  1852  proved  so  satisfactory  that  it 
was  not  long  before  this  was  our  accepted  church  home.    .    .    . 

The  other  event  was  the  meeting  here  of  the  first  Woman's  Rights  Conven- 
tion, July  2,  1848,  to  commence  the  great  struggle  for  woman's  equality. 
...  At  its  close  dear  Lucretia  Mott  thanked  the  members  for  their  liber- 
ality in  opening  the  doors  of  the  church  to  such  a  convention,  and  said  that, 
a  few  years  before,  the  Female  Moral  Reform  Society  of  Philadelphia  ap- 
plied for  the  use  of  a  church  in  that  city  in  which  to  hold  their  annual  meet- 
ing. They  were  finally  allowed  to  use  the  basement,  but  only  on  condition  that 
no  woman  should  speak.  Accordingly  one  clergyman  was  called  in  to  preside 
and  another  to  read  the  reports  of  their  work  which  the  ladies  of  the  society 
had  prepared. 

As  deeply  interested  as  Miss  Mary  was  in  all  progressive  move- 
ments she  never  had  dreamed  it  possible  that  she  could  raise  her 
voice  in  their  behalf  in  public.  The  most  modest  and  unassuming 
of  women  she  had  cheerfully  remained  in  the  background,  not 
even  seeking  to  shine  by  the  reflected  light  of  her  sister's  renown ; 
but  her  worth  and  ability  were  gradually  becoming  known  and 
Miss  Anthony  was  constantly  urging  her  to  take  a  larger  part  in 
public  work.  In  1892,  against  her  protest,  she  was  made  presi- 
dent of  the  Rochester  Political  Equality  Club  and  continued  in 
this  office  for  eleven  years — until  she  insisted  on  resigning  at  the 
age  of  seventy-six.  In  1893  she  was  elected  corresponding  secre- 
tary of  the  New  York  State  Suffrage  Association.  Her  work 
during  the  great  amendment  campaign  is  described  in  Chapter 
XLII,  and  at  the  end  of  it  she  was  made  secretary  emeritus. 

Through  the  developing  experience  of  the  local  club  work  Miss 
Mary  became  a  most  acceptable  presiding  officer  and  speaker. 
Retiring  as  was  her  nature  she  had  nevertheless  much  self-pos- 
session ;  her  appearance  was  pleasing,  her  voice  was  excellent  and 
she  had  always  something  of  interest  and  value  to  say.  Under 
her  presidency  the  club  flourished  and  reached  a  membership  of 
over  two  hundred,  and  the  first  and  last  meetings  of  the  year 
always  were  held  in  her  home.    Her  addresses,  which  were  much 


1492  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O7] 

in  demand  in  Rochester  and  the  neighboring  towns,  were  keen, 
logical  and  marked  by  the  quiet  humor  and  good-natured  sarcasm 
which  were  so  apparent  in  her  conversation.  Among  the  subjects 
considered  were.  Growth  of  Suffrage  Sentiment  in  England  and 
America;  What  Constitutes  Christian  Citizenship?  Do  the  Ma- 
jority of  Women  Want  to  Vote?  Woman  Suffrage  Catechism; 
Mile-stones  Showing  Progress  of  Women;  Arguments  of  the 
Anti-Suffragists;  Origin  and  Advance  of  the  Woman's  Rights 
Movement.  Her  annual  president's  address  always  showed  a 
close  study  of  current  events.  During  the  later  years  of  her  life 
she  made  several  long  journeys,  accounts  of  which  were  embodied 
in  delightful  papers  that  were  read  before  a  number  of  clubs. 
Some  of  these  were,  A  Tour  of  Europe  (1899) ;  To  the  Pacific 
Coast  and  Home  Again;  Berlin  and  the  International  Council, 
comprising  thirty-one  typewritten  pages.  These  papers  illus- 
trated her  acuteness  of  observation,  common  sense  views  and 
logical  deductions,  while  they  were  diversified  by  bits  of  descrip- 
tion showing  her  fine  appreciation  of  the  beautiful  and  historic. 

As  Miss  Mary  gained  confidence  in  herself  and  the  long-re- 
pressed nature  expanded,  she  ventured  to  send  brief  articles  to  the 
newspapers,  always  making  her  point  in  a  few  strong  sentences. 
Especial  attention  was  attracted  by  her  Protests  against  paying 
her  taxes  when  she  had  no  representation.  She  began  making 
these  Protests  in  1897,  continuing  them  for  ten  years,  and  as 
they  were  widely  published  they  had  a  very  considerable  effect  in 
calling  attention  to  the  injustice  of  taxing  women  and  allowing 
them  no  voice  in  levying  and  disbursing  the  taxes  or  in  choosing 
the  persons  who  should  do  this.  A  few  examples  will  indicate 
her  logical  position. 

1901:  Enclosed  find  $62.63,  city  tax,  which  I  pay  under  protest,  still  be- 
lieving that  taxation  without  representation  is  just  as  great  "tyranny**  today, 
under  the  so-called  republican  government  of  the  United  States,  as  it  was  in 
1776  under  the  monarchical  government  of  King  George  III.  Yours  for 
Equal  Rights. 

1902 :  At  the  expense  of  $1,000,000  collected  from  the  men  and  women  tax- 
payers of  the  United  States,  3,000  Indian  men  in  Oklahoma,  many  of  whom 
cannot  read  or  write  and  do  not  pay  a  dollar  of  taxes  into  the  public  treasury, 
have  just  had  the  suffrage  thrust  upon  them.    Thus  they  are  made  by  the 


[1907]  DEATH    OF    MARY   S.    ANTHONY.  I493 

Government  the  political  superiors  of  women  in  all  the  States  but  four- 
Wyoming,  Colorado,  Utah  and  Idaho.  With  profound  admiration  for  this 
'*jewel  of  consistency,"  added  to  the  many  others  in  the  crown  of  our  re- 
public, I  herewith  enclose  $15.33  county  tax  levied  on  my  property  for  1901 
and,  as  heretofore,  wish  it  distinctly  marked  on  your  books,  "Paid  under  pro- 
test." Yours  for  the  right  to  vote  as  well  as  for  the  privilege  of  being  taxed. 

1903:  We  are  cheered  by  the  news  that  the  next  accession  to  the  "Crown 
of  Citizenship''  will  probably  be  the  remains  of  the  various  tribes  of  Indians 
in  this  State  of  New  York,  blankets,  feathers,  war-whoop  and  all,  to  help 
guide  our  "Ship  of  State"  into  ports  of  safety.  It  will  be  a  matter  of  pride 
to  see  them  standing  side  by  side  with  our  other  lawmakers,  helping  to  enact 
the  laws  for  200/xx)  intelligent,  educated,  law-abiding,  taxpaying  women  of 
the  State  to  obey.  In  the  name  of  all  that  is  honorable  and  fair,  I  protest 
against  such  injustice. 

1904:  Once  more  all  women  politically  classed  with  minors,  criminals, 
lunatics  and  idiots  are  compelled  to  contribute  to  the  support  of  a  Government 
which  denies  them  any  voice  in  the  control  of  its  affairs;  and  once  more  I 
pay  my  taxes  under  protest.   Please  so  record  it. 

1905 :  Another  instance  of  the  old-time  "chivalry :"  In  the  new  Statehood 
Bill  for  Oklahoma  and  Arizona,  as  presented  to  Congress,  women  are  classed 
with  minors,  illiterates,  criminals,  lunatics  and  idiots — ^as  unfit  for  self-govern- 
ment. 

A  minor  may  live  to  become  of  age,  the  illiterate  to  be  educated,  the  crimi- 
nal to  be  pardoned,  the  lunatic  to  regain  his  reason  the  idiot  to  become  intelli- 
gent— when  each  and  all  can  help  decide  what  shall  be  the  laws  and  who 
shall  enforce  them — but  the  women — ^never.  They  must  ever  and  always  sub- 
mit to  the  injustice  of  being  governed  in  whatsoever  manner  the  male  por- 
tion of  the  citizens  see  fit   The  shame  of  it ! 

I  protest  against  paying  taxes  to  a  Government  which  allows  its  women  to 
be  thus  treated. 

1906:  (Referring  to  a  flagrant  case  in  Rochester.)  .  .  .  Until  when 
women  are  on  trial  they  can  have  the  presence  of  women,  not  only  in  the 
audience,  but  to  serve  in  pleading  their  cases  and  to  constitute  one-half  the 
jury,  equal  justice  cannot  be  rendered.  Men  alone  are  no  more  capable  of 
dealing  out  justice  to  women  than  women  alone  could  be  trusted  to  deal  out 
justice  to  men.  The  combined  judgment  of  both  men  and  women  would  surely 
be  better  than  either  alone. 

At  the  expense  of  being  flippantly  termed  "reformers"  by  one  of  our  daily 
papers,  a  few  women  ventured  to  defy  criticism  and  witness  the  kind  of 
justice  meted  out  to  the  voting  and  non-voting  participants  in  the  illegal 
transactions,  and  were  made  to  see  more  clearly  than  ever  before  the  neces- 
sity of  possessing  the  right  of  franchise— the  right  protective  of  every  other 
right.  Again  I  protest  against  paying  taxes  while  refused  this  right 

1907:  (Last  protest)  It  is  almost  inconceivable  that  even  now,  in  this 
twentieth  century,  intelligent  men  still  continue  to  choose  the  aid  in  govern- 
mental affairs  of  the  most  ignorant  and  depraved  classes  of  men,  even  of 
pardoned  criminals,  while  politically  ignoring  the  intelligent  and  educated 
women  of  their  own  households. 


1494  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O7] 

As  ever  and  always,  I  still  protest  against  helping  to  support  a  Govern- 
ment manifestly  so  unjust  to  one-half  of  its  people. 

This  spirited  action  on  the  part  of  Miss  Mary  soon  encouraged 
other  women  to  follow  her  example,  and  so  many  demanded  that 
"Paid  under  protest"  should  be  placed  on  the  record  that  one  of 
the  daily  papers  advised  the  treasurer  to  open  a  new  set  of  books 
for  the  "protesting"  citizens. 

The  conviction  that  the  question  of  the  vote  for  women  was 
paramount  to  every  other  grew  stronger  each  year  and  to  this 
Miss  Mary  finally  devoted  nearly  all  her  contributions  of  labor 
and  money.  At  a  public  meeting  in  1905,  when  donations  for  a 
certain  purpose  were  called  for  and  Miss  Anthony  urged  her  to 
subscribe,  she  answered  firmly,  "No;  my  money  is  going  where 
other  people's  will  not  go,  and  that  is  to  the  cause  of  woman 
suffrage."  One  of  many  instances  of  this  kind  which  might  be 
given  is  found  in  her  letter  to  a  prominent  man  who  asked  for  a 
subscription  to  the  George  Junior  Republic : 

My  life  work  thus  far,  together  with  what  means  can  be  spared  from  my 
little  income,  has  been  religiously  devoted  to  the  task  of  making  our  senior 
republic  true  to  itself.  A  republic,  according  to  the  best  authority,  is  a  state 
where  the  sovereign  power  is  exercised  by  representatives  elected  by  the 
people,  not  one  which  ignores  one-half  and  at  the  same  time  compels  them 
to  help  support  a  government  managed  by  the  other  half. 

The  "Junior  Republic"  lad  who  was  here  last  year  informed  us,  with  all 
the  assurance  of  Young  America,  that  the  girls  in  that  republic  had  been 
allowed  to  vote  that  year  the  same  as  the  boys,  but  the  experiment  was  not 
considered  a  success  and  probably  would  not  be  continued.  I  have  not  heard 
the  results  of  his  prophecy.  Probably,  following  in  the  footsteps  of  the  senior 
republic,  the  girls  there  have  been  forced  to  give  up  their  rights  and  meekly 
submit  to  the  dictatorship  of  the  boys.  Such  ruling  cannot  fail  to  work  harm 
to  both  classes,  causing  the  one  to  feel  and  act  in  many  cases  the  part  of  the 
unjust  judge,  while  the  other,  in  yielding  to  such  usurpation,  loses  the  inde- 
pendent force  and  will-power  necessary  for  great  achievements.  Yours  for 
a  true  republic,  senior  or  junior. 

It  had  always  been  a  source  of  much  regret  to  Miss  Mary  that 
women  were  not  admitted  to  the  University  of  Rochester  and  she 
had  many  times  agitated  the  question.  When  a  fund  was  being 
raised  for  this  purpose  in  1900,  she  decided  to  give  at  once  the 
$2,000  for  a  scholarship  which  she  had  intended  to  leave  in  her 


[1907]  DEATH    OF    MARY    S.    ANTHONY.  I495 

will.  After  the  women  were  admitted  and  before  the  money  was 
paid  over,  several  things  occurred  which  raised  a  doubt  as  to 
whether  they  were  really  to  enjoy  the  full  privileges  of  the  uni- 
versity, among  them  the  refusal  to  allow  women  students  to  com- 
pete for  the  prizes,  and  she  wrote  several  letters  to  obtain  assur- 
ance on  this  point.  One  of  them,  to  Mrs.  Ellen  C.  Eastwood, 
treasurer  of  the  Fund  Committee,  was  as  follows : 

You  and  many  of  the  women  who  have  devoted  so  much  of  their  time  and 
labor  to  give  our  girls  the  advantage  of  a  college  education  may  think  me 
entirely  out  of  the  way  in  my  demands  for  strict  adherence  to  the  pledge  of 
the  university  trustees  for  the  perfect  equality  of  rights  and  privileges  for 
them,  but  experience  teaches  us  that  failure  to  adhere  to  a  pledge  in  any  one 
respect,  only  serves  to  make  it  easy  to  violate  it  in  another  and  still  another 
instance,  until  it  virtually  amounts  to  nothing. 

Since  the  wealthy  women  of  our  city  would  not  come  to  the  front  in  this 
work,  it  was  left  for  those  to  do,  many  of  whom,  like  myself,  have  spent  the 
greater  part  of  life  in  steady,  plodding  labor  preparing  for  the  "rainy  day," 
but  fully  alive  to  the  necessity  of  giving  the  young  women  of  our  city  broader 
opportunities  to  fit  themselves  for  work.  To  give  of  money  which  has 
"fallen  into  one's  lap"  without  effort  of  her  own  is  an  easy  matter,  but  to 
give  large  amounts  from  the  hard  earnings  of  years  is  quite  a  different  thing. 
It  is  only  from  a  deep  sense  of  justice  to  our  girls  that  I  could  think  of 
contributing  so  large  a  sum  as  $2,000,  and  it  is  only  that  same  feeling  which 
makes  me  insist  that  they  shall  have  the  full  benefit  of  the  sacrifices  made 
for  them. 

I  am  not  alone  in  my  anxiety  on  this  question,  and,  as  treasurer  of  the 
fund,  it  seems  to  me  you  should  see  that  a  plain  statement  from  the  trustees 
is  presented  to  the  public  assuring  them  that  if  any  departure  from  the  orig- 
inal pledge  has  been  made  it  shall  be  rectified  and  the  pledge  adhered  to  in 
every  particular. 

The  treasurer  could  give  no  definite  information  and  Miss 
Mary  then  wrote  to  the  Board  of  Trustees,  saying  in  part : 

I  have  been  reading  of  the  action  of  Chicago  University  "segregating"  the 
sexes  in  that  institution,  and  also  of  the  proposed  "adjustment  of  questions 
incident  to  the  admission  of  women  on  equal  terms  with  men  in  Rochester 
University,"  neither  of  which  is  at  all  re-assuring  to  lovers  of  Fair  Play.  .  .  . 

It  is  in  no  spirit  of  fault-finding  that  I  have  expressed  my  views  but  from 
a  most  earnest  desire  that  the  young  women  who  are  brave  enough  to  meet 
the  new  conditions  in  school  life  shall  receive  their  full  share  of  encourage- 
ment. No  one  can  question  the  stimulus  derived  from  their  competing  with 
the  young  men,  not  only  in  every  day  studies,  but  also  for  prizes— as  the 
Ailing  prize  for  Debate,  the  Dewey  prize  for  Declamation  and  all  premiums 
Ant.  Ill— 2S 


1496  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQO/] 

for  good  scholarship..  If  "the  prize  money  was  given  by  people  who  had 
no  thought  or  wish  that  young  women  should  share  its  benefits,"  so  also 
when  the  money  was  contributed  for  the  college  itself  there  was  no  thought 
that  young  women  would  ever  share  its  benefits.  Does  not  the  pledge  under 
which  we  made  our  subscriptions  cover  both  cases?  Yours  for  justice  to  boys 
and  girls  alike. 

To  this  appeal  the  president  of  the  board,  Rufus  A.  Sibley,  sent 
a  curt  answer,  giving  no  assurance  whatever  as  to  her  points  of 
inquiry.  She  was  very  reluctant  to  pay  her  subscription  under 
these  circumstances,  but  was  finally  prevailed  upon  to  do  so, 
largely  through  the  position  taken  by  the  Rev.  W.  C  Gannett  that 
"the  main  thing  had  been  accomplished  in  opening  the  educational 
advantages  of  the  university  to  girls,"  and  that  "there  must  of 
necessity  be  many  details  left  to  the  judgment  of  the  trustees." 
She  was  not,  however,  fully  satisfied,  and  in  her  letter  to  the 
treasurer  of  the  fund  she  said : 

The  pledge  on  the  first  page  of  the  subscription  book  says:  "The  uni- 
versity will  admit  women  to  it,  and  to  all  its  departments  and  branches  of 
instruction,  and  to  all  privileges  pertaining  thereto,  including  scholarships, 
etc.,  in  the  same  manner  and  upon  the  same  terms  and  conditions  as  those 
which  govern  the  admission  and  membership  of  men;"  and  furthermore  that 
"the  money  herein  subscribed  shall  be  paid  only  when  its  trustees  by  ap- 
propriate and  irrevocable  action  admit  women  in  the  manner  hereinbefore 
mentioned."  This  certainly,  so  far  as  I  can  see,  covers  the  entire  question. 
Nevertheless,  trusting  that  right  will  prevail  and  that  perfect  equality  of 
privileges  will  be  made  the  supreme  law  of  the  university,  I  fulfil  my  part 
of  the  obligation  contained  in  the  pledge  of  the  subscribers  by  enclosing  my 
check  for  $2,000. 

On  May  13, 1899,  in  company  with  Dr.  and  Mrs.  J.  E.  Sanford 
and  daughter  Madeline,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  D.  M.  Anthony  and 
daughter  Gertrude,  all  of  Rochester,  Miss  Mary  sailed  for  a  tour 
of  Europe.  They  travelled  12,000  miles,  visiting  the  principal 
points  in  France,  Italy,  Switzerland,  England,  Scotland  and  Ire- 
land, and  stopping  in  London  for  a  part  of  the  International 
Council  of  Women.  Miss  Mary  was  at  this  time  seventy-two 
years  old  and  during  the  entire  trip  she  was  not  ill  an  hour,  never 
complained  of  fatigue,  was  equal  to  every  undertaking,  even  that 
of  climbing  Mt.  Vesuvius,  appreciated  and  enjoyed  everything, 
and  came  home,  well,  happy  and  eager  to  resume  her  duties.    On 


[1907]  DEATH    OF    MARY    S.    ANTHONY.  I497 

May  19,  1904,  as  related  in  Chapter  LXIV,  she  went  again  to 
Europe,  attended  the  International  Council  of  Women  in  Berlin 
and  visited  friends  in  Switzerland  and  England  with  Miss  An- 
thony. As  soon  as  she  felt  that  her  sister  no  longer  needed  her 
companionship  there  she  hastened  home,  arriving  July  26,  in  good 
health  and  cheerful  spirits,  "glad  to  get  back  to  my  native  land 
and  my  native  language,"  the  diary  said.  While  abroad  her  let- 
ters to  friends  had  been  given  by  them  to  the  papers  and  pub- 
lished imder  conspicuous  headlines,  and  on  her  return  she  was 
"interviewed"  to  the  extent  of  several  columns.  The  reporters, 
not  only  in  Rochester  but  elsewhere,  had  been  learning  in  late 
years  that  she  had  some  very  interesting  things  to  say. 

Miss  Anthony  had  tried  to  keep  Miss  Mary  in  England  to  make 
a  round  of  visits  with  her,  but  neither  then  nor  at  any  previous 
or  subsequent  period  could  she  be  convinced  that  people  cared  to 
know  or  entertain  her  except  for  the  sake  of  her  sister,  and  it 
often  required  all  the  persuasive  powers  of  the  latter  to  induce 
her  to  accept  invitations  and  other  attentions.  At  councils  and 
conventions  she  would  take  the  simplest  room  at  the  hotel  and 
keep  herself  modestly  in  the  background,  perfectly  contented  just 
to  see  the  work  and  listen  to  the  speeches  for  the  cause  which  was 
to  her  the  dearest  thing  in  life;  and  she  was  supremely  happy  at 
the  universal  recognition  of  Miss  Anthony,  whose  early  trials  she 
so  vividly  remembered.  But  Miss  Mary  was  deeply  loved  for  her 
own  admirable  qualities  by  those  who  learned  to  know  her  well, 
and  affectionately  regarded  by  the  hundreds  who  enjoyed  the 
courtesies  of  that  most  hospitable  home,  where  she  so  capably 
filled  the  double  role  of  Mary  and  Martha.  In  looking  over  the 
letters  she  received  it  seemed  as  if  every  one  spoke  of  some  kind 
and  helpful  act.  On  April  i,  1901,  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw 
wrote  her : 

I  may  not  have  time  to  run  ap  to  17  Madison  St.,  tomorrow  morning  on 
my  way  through  Rochester,  to  give  you  my  congratulations  on  your  birthday, 
so  I  will  write  a  little  love  note.  I  am  glad  you  were  bom  and  wish  it  had 
not  been  quite  so  long  ago,  but  as  I  was  not  consulted  in  time  the  mistake 
of  having  you  too  soon  was  made.  I  only  hope  the  good  health  and  wide 
interests  which  keep  you  so  active  and  useful  will  stay  with  you  through 
the  many  years  in  which  I  trust  you  may  still  bless  your  community.   Here 


1498  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQO?] 

is  my  sincere  appreciation  of  your  long  life  full  of  happiness  and  helpfulness 
as  it  has  been  in  the  past.  I  want  to  declare  my  affection  for  you  and  my 
gratitude  for  the  many  kindnesses  you  have  shown  me  and  the  warm  welcome 
you  give  me  every  time  I  go  to  your  home.  My  greatest  ambition  is  to  be 
worthy  of  the  unselfish  love  of  yourself  and  Aunt  Susan.  May  the  good  pow- 
ers above  keep  and  bless  you. 

Do  take  Mrs.  Harper's  and  my  advice  to  get  all  the  good  times  you  can. 
Go  wherever  you  feel  that  you  will  enjoy  things.  Take  the  trip  to  Minneap- 
olis and  Leavenworth  with  Aunt  Susan  and  make  a  swing  of  visits.  The 
house  will  stand. 

On  the  same  date  Miss  Lucy  E.  Anthony  wrote : 

As  I  get  out  a  sheet  of  my  best  paper  on  which  to  pen  a  little  birthday  note 
to  you  it  brings  to  my  mind  the  time  when  I  was  a  youngster  in  your  home 
and  you  used  to  give  me  your  prettiest  note  paper  and  lend  me  your  gold  pen 
to  use  in  writing  special  letters,  Christmas,  birthday,  etc.  And  this  leads  me 
on  to  thinking  and  thinking  of  how  you  have  always  been  willing  and  ready 
to  give  of  your  best  thought  and  service  to  all  of  us,  and  always  have  had  time 
to  listen  with  sympathy  to  all  of  our  plans,  aspirations  and  troubles.  Surely 
your  nieces  and  nephews  are  blessed  in  having  such  an  aunt,  and  when  we 
realize  that  we  have  a  pair  of  them  in  you  and  Aunt  Susan — we  are  indeed 
twice  blessed  I 

My  dear  Aunt  Mary,  I  think  of  you  every  day,  and  I  have  realized  every 
day  for  many  years  what  you  did  for  me  all  those  years  I  was  in  Rochester 
and  I  wish  that  you  might  really  know  the  gratitude  and  thankfulness  I  feel. 
...  If  ever  a  phrase  "seventy-four  years  young*'  were  applicable  it  cer- 
tainly is  in  your  case — for  you  do  not  look  a  day  over  sixty-four,  and  your 
pretty  complexion  and  pink  cheeks — like  Grandma's — give  no  sign  of  age. 

May  all  blessings  be  yours  this  new  year  and  if  you  receive  in  a  hundredth 
measure  as  you  have  given  they  will  shower  upon  you. 

When  Miss  Mary  started  from  London  on  her  long  voyage 
home  in  1904,  alone  except  for  one  or  two  acquaintances  on  board, 
Lucy  wrote  in  her  "steamer"  letter :  "How  I  wish  you  could  have 
remained  with  us !  We  will  look  after  Aunt  Susan  the  very  best 
we  can.  You  know  she  is  difficult  to  keep  in  line  but  we  will  try 
hard  to  deliver  her  safely  into  your  hands  the  last  of  August. 
.  .  .  You  have  taught  me  many,  many  lessons,  dear  Aunt 
Mary,  both  by  example  and  precept,  but,  unlike  most  teachers, 
yours  have  been  chiefly  by  example.  I  think  you  don't  begin  to 
realize  how  many  people  are  constantly  learning  from  your  lovely, 
thoughtful  and  generous  ways,  but  many  are,  and  many  of  us 


[1907]  DEATH    OF   MARY   S.    ANTHONY.  I499 

know  that  the  truest  generosity  is  in  the  giving  of  one's  own  self, 
one's  time,  strength  and  thought  for  others,  and  that  is  your  life." 
And  in  her  letter  Miss  Shaw  wrote : 

It  has  been  a  real  pleasure  to  us  all  and  to  me  in  particular  to  have  had  a 
little  nearer  acquaintance  with  you.  Somehow  at  home  you  are  always  occu- 
pied with  the  house  and  the  local  work,  and  we,  when  we  have  come  to 
Rochester,  have  had  so  much  business  to  look  after  that  we  have  not  had 
time  to  sit  down  quietly  and  know  each  other.  This  trip  has  done  more  for 
us  in  that  line  than  all  the  years  of  suffrage  work  and  I  am  thankful  for  it 

Dear  Aunt  Mary,  I  want  you  to  realize  how  much  I  care  for  you  person- 
ally. You  get  so  in  the  habit  of  feeling  you  are  Aunt  Susan's  sister  that  you 
forget  you  are  yourself  and  as  yourself  are  appreciated  and  loved.  It  has 
been  a  pleasure  to  see  you  enjoying  your  trip  and  I  am  sure  you  will  feel 
the  better  for  it  after  you  go  home.  Take  things  easily  and  don't  use  up  all 
your  strength.  You  have  a  good  deal  of  it  now  and  must  keep  it,  and  if  you 
take  ordinary  care  of  yourself — ^just  half  the  care  of  yourself  that  you  give  to 
Aunt  Susan — ^you  will  be  good  for  many  years  of  useful  service. 

Again  I  want  to  tell  you  I  love  you  very  dearly  and  appreciate  your  un- 
selfish devotion  to  all  of  us  who  in  any  way  serve  our  cause.  I  know  of 
no  other  woman  who  gives  her  life  in  the  quiet,  unassuming  way  in  which 
you  do,  and  yet  you  are  unconscious  of  any  sacrifice  or  merit.  Heaven  keep 
you  on  this  trip !  We  all  hate  to  have  you  go  home  without  us  and  it  would 
have  added  to  the  pleasure  of  all  of  us  if  you  had  stayed  until  we  went  too. 
We  will  do  our  best  to  look  after  Aunt  Susan. 

Among  the  letters  of  1905  is  the  following  from  the  Hon. 
George  Herbert  Smith,  trustee  of  the  Unitarian  Church  in  Roch- 
ester and  member  of  the  Legislature  from  that  district : 

I  am  so  glad  that  the  celebration  was  of  the  birthdays  of  you  both. 

Your  unfailing  devotion,  your  splendid  work  and  your  countless  sacrifices 
for  the  cause  have  been  an  encouragement  and  a  shining  example  for  many, 
in  addition  to  the  good  accomplished  by  the  work  itself. 

I  wonder  if  you  can  know  or  guess  how  many  people  in  Rochester,  and 
elsewhere  too,  are  ready  to  believe  in  your  stand  for  political  equality  be- 
cause you  were  once  their  teacher  and  they  are  sure  you  must  be  right. 
That  you  may  abide  long  in  the  land  with  us  and  continue  to  point  out  things 
that  we  may  do  for  the  cause  of  woman,  is  the  devout  wish  of  yours  most 
sincerely. 

As  Miss  Anthony  grew  older  and  less  strong  Miss  Mary  took 
upon  herself  more  and  more  of  her  sister's  work.  She  had  long 
been  accustomed  to  keep  in  scrap  books  matters  connected  with 
her  club  and  those  of  local  interest,  but  after  the  last  volume  of 


1500  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1907] 

the  History  of  Woman  Suffrage  was  finished  in  1902  and  Miss 
Anthony  ceased  her  own  scrap  book  collections  of  fifty  years. 
Miss  Mary  began  at  once  to  preserve  the  newspaper  clipping^  of 
national  affairs  relating  to  women  and  especially  everything  con- 
nected with  her  sister.  She  spent  many  days  of  every  month  cut- 
ting and  pasting,  and  had  it  not  been  for  her  scrap  books  and  the 
carefully  kept  records  of  the  journeys  of  the  last  three  or  four 
years,  some  of  the  most  valuable  material  for  the  writing  of  this 
volume  would  have  been  forever  lost.  Only  those  who  have 
dwelt  under  the  same  roof  can  ever  know  the  extent  of  her  per- 
sonal service  to  her  sister.  This  is  referred  to  particularly  in  the 
account  of  her  seventieth  birthday  celebration,  Chapter  XLIX, 
and  in  many  other  places  in  these  volumes.  Miss  Anthony's  at- 
tachment to  her  home  and  family  was  so  intense  that,  if  they  had 
suffered  by  her  absence,  she  would  not  have  done  her  public  work, 
but  she  had  always  the  knowledge  that  every  need  of  the  house- 
hold was  looked  after  by  the  efficient,  faithful,  ever-present  sister. 
During  the  nearly  sixty  years  of  Miss  Anthony's  public  life  they 
always  exchanged  letters  several  times  a  week  when  she  was  away 
from  home.  Figuratively  and  almost  literally  Miss  Mary  kept 
the  candle  in  the  window  for  her  return  from  her  hundreds  of 
journeys,  her  room  in  readiness  and  every  comfort  provided. 
She  did  Miss  Anthony's  shopping  and  all  her  errands,  mended 
her  clothes,  put  the  lace  and  ruching  in  her  dresses,  helped  pack 
her  trunks,  looked  after  the  tickets  and  went  with  her  to  the  sta- 
tion. During  the  last  years  she  was  sister,  mother,  daughter ;  she 
warmed  the  overshoes  and  wraps  when  Miss  Anthony  was  going 
out,  cooked  special  articles  of  food,  prepared  the  bath  and  carried 
her  through  the  many  slight  attacks  of  illness.  Miss  Anthony 
had  always  the  fullest  appreciation  of  these  services  which  she 
many  times  expressed  in  public  and  private.  When  her  Biog- 
raphy was  finished  in  1898  she  wrote  in  the  first  copy:  "To  my 
youngest  sister,  Mary,  without  whose  faithful  and  constant  home- 
making  there  could  have  been  no  freedom  for  the  outgoing  of  her 
grateful  and  affectionate  sister." 

During  Miss  Anthony's  last  illness  Miss  Mary  was  so  calm  and 
outwardly  so  cheerful  that  those  in  the  house  thought  she  did  not 


[1907]  DEATH   OF   MARY   S.    ANTHONY.  I5OI 

know  the  end  was  near.  She  did,  however,  fully  realize  it  but 
her  self-control  was  so  perfect  that  she  made  no  sign.  What  the 
severing  of  the  ties  of  nearly  eighty  years  meant  to  her  was  be- 
yond all  expression  in  words,  but  she  met  the  crushing  sorrow 
with  the  sweet  serenity  and  noble  courage  that  had  characterized 
her  entire  life. 

The  feeling  of  all  was  expressed  by  an  editorial  in  the  Union 
and  Advertiser  which  said  in  part : 

Women's  hearts  are  saddened  far  and  near  today  as  the  news  spreads  that 
Susan  B.  Anthony  has  gone  from  earthly  life,  but  none  is  so  heavy  with  grief 
as  that  of  the  sister  whose  life  was  bound  in  the  existence  of  the  great  de- 
parted reformer  and  whose  every  thought  and  effort  was  for  the  success 
of  what  the  elder  was  striving  for  even  unto  the  very  end  of  her  long  career. 
To  that  bereaved  one  goes  out  the  warmest  sympathy  from  every  quarter  of 
the  world,  and  were  it  possible  Mary  Anthony's  burden  of  sorrow  would  be 
taken  from  her  as  she  looks  on  the  quiet  form  lying  in  the  house  where  so 
many  happy  and  busy  hours  were  passed  by  the  sisters.  .  .  .  The  home  on 
Madison  Street,  kept  bright  and  cheerful  by  "Sister  Mary,"  was  a  haven  of 
rest  after  long  and  arduous  trips,  and  the  scene  of  hard  work  as  well.  Miss 
Anthony  loved  it  with  the  true  feminine  love  of  the  hearth-stone.  It  is  hushed 
and  desolate  now  with  the  living  presence  of  the  famous  woman  gone  forever. 

Many  of  the  letters  received  by  Miss  Mary  at  this  time  are 
given  in  a  preceding  chapter;  a  few  of  a  more  personal  nature 
seem  to  belong  here.  Mrs.  Charlotte  Perkins  Oilman  wrote: 
"This  is  only  to  say  that  while  the  world  mourns  its  great  loss, 
while  a  million  women  miss  their  leader  and  their  friend,  I  am 
grieving  especially  for  you.  It  is  hard  to  live  on  glory  and  the 
good  of  the  people  when  one's  heart  aches.  Love,  courage  and 
strength  to  you."  From  a  very  old  friend  and  co-worker,  Mrs. 
Martha  J.  H.  Stebbins,  came  the  message :  "Wherever  Susan  B. 
Anthony's  name  is  written  in  words  of  loving  appreciation  your 
name  will  always  stand  by  its  side,  as  all  know  that  her  work  was 
possible  only  because  you  were  unflagging  in  a  service  that  never 
wavered  or  failed  however  great  the  effort  required.  .  .  .  With 
sincerest  sympathy  from  all  the  friends  and  members  of  the  club." 
Mrs.  Jean  Brooks  Greanleaf,  one  of  the  nearest  and  dearest  to  her, 
sent  this  loving  tribute : 

You  are  constantly  in  my  thoughts.   Words  mean  so  very  little  at  such  a 


IS02  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O7] 

time  and  yet  we  must  say  them  to  ease  our  heart's  effort  to  help  those 
we  love.  You  have  so  much  that  is  beautiful  to  help  you  bear  this  trying  but 
perfectly  natural  sorrow.  No  unperformed  duty  to  your  sister  can  be  remem- 
bered to  add  to  your  grief.  Your  perfect  union,  while  it  makes  the  sense  of 
loss  keener,  is  such  a  precious  link  between  you  still.  To  know  how  the 
world  has  come  to  love  and  appreciate  the  great  soul  is  in  itself  a  consola- 
tion. But  more  beautiful  than  all  is  the  knowledge  that  Susan  B.  Anthony 
went  home  with  her  intellectual  forces  undimmed  by  age  or  disease,  with  her 
noble  heart  as  full  as  ever  of  the  passionate  love  of  liberty  and  justice,  and 
her  grand  character  without  wealmess  or  blemish.  Dear  friend,  while  my 
heart  bleeds  for  your  pain,  I  feel  uplifted  when  I  think  what  a  rich  dower 
of  blessings  she  has  left  you.  Oh,  "Sister  Mary,"  much  as  I  have  loved  you 
in  the  past,  you  are  doubly  dear  today  because  you  were  and  are  her  **other 
self."  Thank  God  for  you  both,  and  may  He  help  me  to  be  worthy  of  the 
friendship  you  both  have  shown  me. 

Mrs.  Helen  M.  Millar,  for  many  years  the  legal  adviser  and 
loving  friend  of  both  sisters,  said  in  her  letter :  "No  more  fitting 
tribute  could  you  pay  the  memory  of  this  beloved  sister  than  by 
entering  the  Oregon  campaign  and  going  on  with  the  work  in 
which  the  sisters  two,  hand  in  hand,  have  been  so  long  engaged. 
The  earnest  wish  and  prayer  of  all  friends  will  be  with  you,  that 
your  strength  may  fail  not  and  that  years  may  be  added  until  at 
last  you  stand  on  the  heights  and  see  the  flag  of  freedom  for 
woman  triumphantly  waving  over  every  State  in  the  Union.  Then 
indeed  will  the  final  words  of  tribute  be  paid  to  our  Miss  Anthony, 
who  still  lives  and  will  ever  live  in  the  hearts  of  every  true  citizen 
of  this  republic." 

Miss  Anthony's  intense  interest  in  the  approaching  campaign 
for  a  woman  suffrage  amendment  in  Oregon  has  been  shown. 
She  journeyed  to  the  Pacific  Coast  in  1905  to  help  inaugurate  it, 
and  continued  her  effort  to  raise  money  for  it  up  to  her  last  days, 
contributing  liberally  herself.  When  she  knew  that  she  should 
not  be  able  to  take  any  part  in  it  personally  she  felt  that  Miss 
Mary  could  be  of  much  assistance  and  would  represent  her.  She 
was  particularly  anxious  that  she  should  go  and  give  to  Miss 
Shaw  the  tender,  personal  care  so  long  devoted  to  herself. 
Throughout  her  illness  she  worried  lest  it  should  prevent  her 
sister's  going,  and  as  the  end  approached  she  expressed  again  and 
again  her  desire  in  this  matter.  Miss  Mary  promised  her  that  she 
would  go  and  do  all  in  her  power  for  Miss  Shaw  and  the  cam- 


[1907]  DEATH    OF    MARY    S.    ANTHONY.  I503 

paign.  She  was  far  from  well  during  Miss  Anthony's  ilbiess  and 
after  her  death  but  she  did  not  hesitate  to  carry  out  her  promise, 
and  the  friends  felt  that  it  would  be  beneficial  for  her  to  have  a 
complete  change  and  to  escape  for  awhile  from  the  great  loneli- 
ness she  must  inevitably  feel.  It  was  necessary  for  Miss  Shaw  to 
reach  Oregon  as  soon  as  possible  and  they  knew  Miss  Anthony 
would  wish  them  to  work  instead  of  weep.  On  March  24,  just 
nine  days  after  she  had  been  laid  to  rest,  they  were  ready  to  start 
on  the  long  journey.  At  the  last  moment  Miss  Shaw  was  miss- 
ing, and,  hunting  through  the  house  for  her,  Lucy  softly  opened 
the  door  of  Miss  Anthony's  room,  and  found  her  on  her  knees  by 
the  bed  praying  for  strength  and  inspiration  for  the  great  work 
and  responsibility  that  lay  before  her. 

"I  never  saw  a  more  beatific  smile  than  was  on  Aunt  Mary's 
face  as  the  train  pulled  out  of  the  station,"  said  Lucy  Anthony 
afterwards;  "she  bore  the  journey  well  and  seemed  eager  to 
arrive  and  begin  the  work."  At  Umatilla  a  dispatch  was  handed 
her  from  the  Portland  Evening  Telegram  asking  for  a  greeting  to 
the  people  and  a  mention  of  the  suffrage  question.  She  answered : 
"Miss  Shaw  and  I  are  coming  to  place  at  the  service  of  the  people 
of  Oregon  our  time  and  every  possible  effort  to  help  bring  to 
women  the  freedom  which  every  true  American  man  and  woman 
should  prize  above  life.  It  was  the  last  prayer  of  my  sister,  and 
we  come  in  faith  that  it  will  be  answered  by  Oregon  men  with  a 
splendid  victory  which  shall  make  the  State  even  more  famous 
for  its  love  of  justice  than  it  now  is  for  its  beauty  and  prosperity." 

They  were  met  at  the  station  by  a  delegation  of  ladies,  who 
presented  a  handsome  bouquet  of  roses  and  carnations  to  Miss 
Mary  and  gave  her  a  warm  welcome.  During  her  entire  stay  she 
was  the  guest  of  Mrs.  Charlotte  Moffett  Cartwright.  On  Sun- 
day, April  I,  a  large  memorial  meeting  for  Miss  Anthony  was 
held  in  the  White  Temple  where  she  herself  had  filled  the  pulpit 
but  nine  months  before.  The  city  was  beautiful  in  its  spring 
raiment,  the  fruit  trees  blossoming,  the  grass  vividly  green,  the 
flowers  in  bloom,  and  all  seemed  full  of  cheer  and  hope. 

For  her  seventy-ninth  birthday,  April  2,  Miss  Mary  received 
$120  from  relatives  and  friends  in  the  East,  to  be  used  in  the  way 


1504  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [ipO/] 

that  would  please  her  best,  and  at  once  she  turned  it  over  to  the 
suffrage  fund.  Day  after  day,  all  through  the  long  weeks,  she 
went  to  the  headquarters  and  worked  till  night,  doing  whatever 
her  hands  could  find  to  do  and  in  some  way  helping  everybody 
else.  She  often  accompanied  Miss  Shaw  on  her  lecture  trips  to 
neighboring  towns,  seeming  to  feel  that  she  had  been  placed  in 
her  special  care  by  her  sister,  and  no  mother  could  have  been 
more  tender  and  thoughtful,  more  solicitous  for  the  comfort  and 
happiness  of  a  loved  child.  Her  journal  recorded  on  many  pages 
the  experiences  in  Oregon  during  those  three  months.  One  amus- 
ing entry  said :  "Wholesale  liquor  dealers,  saloon  keepers,  dive- 
proprietors,  drunkards,  gamblers  and  thugs  generally,  inside  and 
outside  of  prison,  are  in  full  accord  with  the  Oregon  Society  of 
Women  Anti-Suffragists.  Blessed  companionship!  How  proud 
these  women  ought  to  be  of  the  tie  that  binds  1" 

It  is  not  the  province  of  this  chapter  to  give  the  history  of  that 
campaign.  Never,  unless  perhaps  in  that  of  California  in  1896, 
was  there  as  large  an  amount  of  splendid  work  done,  never  as 
much  money  spent  in  speakers,  literature,  etc.;  and  never  was 
there  such  a  combination  in  opposition — all  the  elements  referred 
to  in  Miss  Mary's  journal,  added  to  the  large  trusts  and  corpora- 
tions that  rule  the  State.  The  result  was  apparent  defeat,  al- 
though it  was  the  well-founded  belief  of  many  experienced  in 
politics  that  the  amendment  actually  carried  but  was  counted  out. 
It  almost  crushed  the  leaders  of  the  campaign.  Try  as  they  would 
to  imitate  Miss  Anthony's  heroic  courage  and  optimism  in  the 
face  of  defeat,  it  was  impossible,  and  their  hearts  were  filled  with 
thankfulness  that  she  did  not  have  to  add  this  disappointment  to 
the  many  she  had  endured. 

Miss  Shaw,  Miss  Mary  and  Miss  Lucy  started  home  the  even- 
ing of  June  II,  laden  with  flowers,  fruit  and  lunch  baskets  from 
the  devoted  Oregon  women.  They  arrived  in  Rochester  at  five 
o'clock  on  Sunday  afternoon,  June  17,  and  early  the  next  morn- 
ing they  made  a  loving  pilgrimage  to  Mt.  Hope.  That  night  the 
journal  said :  "Anna  and  Lucy  have  promised  me  that  when  they 
leave  this  earth  their  ashes  shall  be  placed  near  Susan  and  me, 
with  a  single  stone  containing  their  names." 


[1907]  DEATH    OF   MARY    S.    ANTHONY.  I505 

Miss  Mary  was  so  quiet  and  self-contained  that  she  never  gave 
any  outward  indication  of  her  deep  grief  but  the  entries  in  the 
diary  told  their  own  pathetic  story.  Every  Thursday  marked  an 
anniversary :  "J^st  two  weeks  today  since  we  left  Sister  Susan 
in  her  casket  under  the  snow  at  Mt.  Hope,  and  already,  by  her 
own  wish,  I  am  so  far  away."  .  .  .  "Four  weeks  today  since 
we  laid  Sister  Susan  to  rest.  I  can  think  of  so  many  things  I 
could  have  done  to  give  her  greater  comfort  and  pleasure  and 
deeply  regret  I  did  not  do  them,  but  it  is  difficult  to  keep  human 
nature  always  at  its  best."  .  .  .  "Seven  weeks  today  since  I 
saw  Sister  Susan  for  the  last  time.  So  many,  many  things  hap- 
pen and  my  first  thought  is.  to  tell  them  to  her,  as  I  was  wont  to 
do,  and  get  her  opinion.  It  will  be  a  lonely  home  when  I  return 
to  it  in  June.  O,  she  seemed  too  beautiful  to  put  away  forever!" 
After  the  defeat  of  the  amendment  she  wrote:  "Twelve  weeks 
today !  I  hope  and  trust  that  after  leaving  us  and  all  the  troubles 
here,  our  loved  ones  find  quiet  and  peace."  "Thirteen  weeks  to- 
day since  the  last  sad  ceremonies,  and  I  am  half  the  way  back  to 
the  ever  lonely  Jiome."  Almost  every  entry  spoke  of  the  loneli- 
ness which  awaited  her.  On  June  19,  two  days  after  her  arrival, 
she  wrote :  "I  called  Dr.  Sherman-Ricker  today  to  do  something 
for  the  dizziness  and  other  ailments  which  have  been  bothering 
me  for  the  last  six  weeks."  Nothing  more  ever  was  written  in 
the  journal. 

Just  after  returning  from  Europe  in  1904  Miss  Mary  had  writ- 
ten her  brother,  Col.  D.  R.  Anthony,  "I  seem  to  be  the  only  one 
of  the  three  who  can  stem  all  tides,  endure  everything,  with  no  ill 
consequences."  The  preceding  year  she  had  invested  nearly 
$6,000  in  an  annuity,  saying  she  fully  expected  to  live  into  the 
nineties,  as  many  of  her  ancestors  had  done.  She  seemed  per- 
fectly well,  had  wonderful  powers  of  endurance  and  gave  almost 
no  indications  of  age.  In  1905,  however,  she  began  to  have  at- 
tacks of  dizziness  and  faintness,  and  she  could  not  throw  off  colds 
and  minor  ailments  as  always  before.  During  her  sister's  illness 
she  had  sustained  a  severe  injury  through  vertigo,  and  a  second 
while  in  Portland.  Other  serious  symptoms  developed  and  she 
never  was  entirely  well  after  returning  home.    The  faithful  and 


1506  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O7] 

capable  housekeeper,  Carrie  Bahl,  who  had  promised  Miss  An- 
thony that  she  would  always  remain  with  her  sister,  relieved  her 
of  all  household  cares  and  gave  her  the  most  devoted  attention ; 
one  of  the  nurses  who  had  attended  Miss  Anthony  had  continued 
to  keep  her  room  in  the  house  and  gladly  rendered  whatever 
service  was  needed ;  the  trusted  physician  came  whenever  it  was 
necessary,  but  Miss  Mary's  health  continued  steadily  to  decline  all 
summer.  Her  friends  called  often  and  tried  in  every  way  possible 
to  make  the  days  pass  pleasantly,  but  she  suffered  sorely  from 
loneliness  and  from  the  realization  that  her  great  life-work — ^to 
aid  that  of  her  sister — had  been  taken  from  her.  She  had  not, 
however,  had  any  intention  of  ceasing  from  labor  but  had  mapped 
out  many  things  to  do,  and  this  physical  weakness  was  such  a 
surprise  that  she  was  almost  bewildered.  She  thought  at  first 
that  it  came  from  over-exertion  and  would  pass  away.  It  is  not 
known  just  when  she  understood  that  her  life  was  nearing  its 
close  but  a  letter  from  Mrs.  Greenleaf,  written  at  her  country 
home,  September  6,  said,  "Are  you  not  really  glad  that,  as  you 
say,  you  'can  see  the  beginning  of  the  end,'  and  will  not  have  the 
weary  way  alone  so  long  to  tread  ?" 

Whenever  she  was  able  during  the  summer  she  busied  herself 
making  three  scrap  books — of  the  Baltimore  convention  and  Miss 
Anthony's  eighty-sixth  birthday  celebrations;  of  her  death  and 
the  many  memorial  services,  and  of  the  Oregon  campaign.  She 
classified  the  hundreds  of  letters  received  at  the  time  of  Miss 
Anthony's  illness  and  death,  indorsing  on  each  a  few  words  as  to 
its  contents;  recorded  the  number  of  Histories  and  Biographies 
sent  away,  and  kept  her  correspondence  up  to  date.  As  she  grew 
feebler  a  relative  wrote,  "It  is  so  difficult  for  her  to  give  up  wait- 
ing on  others  and  herself."  She  made  a  supreme  effort  to  attend 
the  State  Suffrage  Convention  in  Syracuse,  in  October,  with  Miss 
Shaw  and  Lucy,  as  there  was  nothing  she  so  much  enjoyed,  and 
here  she  received  the  most  loving  attention.  After  she  had  be- 
come so  ill  that  the  physician  advised  her  not  to  go  away  from  the 
house,  she  managed  to  reach  a  meeting  held  in  the  interests  of 
colored  people,  but  she  never  again  left  home.  On  Thanksgiving 
Day  she  was  downstairs  for  the  last  time. 


[1907]  DEATH    OF   MARY   S.    ANTHONY.  I507 

Many  loving  messages  came  these  days,  among  them  this  one 
from  Mrs.  Carrie  Chapman  Catt :  "You  have  my  tenderest  sym- 
pathy and  solicitude.  Some  day  perhaps  science  and  intelligence 
will  be  able  to  banish  disease  and  pain  from  the  earth.  What  a 
load  of  anxiety  for  dear  friends  would  then  disappear !  But  as 
yet  yours  is  the  common  lot  of  humanity.  I  can  only  hope  that 
the  fortitude  which  has  borne  you  so  victoriously  through  life  will 
not  desert  you  now  and  that  it  will  temper  the  pain  and  suffering. 
Let  me  remind  you  that  your  life  has  been  a  blessing  to  woman- 
hood, and  the  big  suffrage  army  love  you  for  all  you  are  and  all 
you  have  been.  I  think  you  the  most  wonderful  woman  in  many 
ways  that  I  have  ever  known.  Be  assured  that  thousands  of  us 
are  with  you  in  spirit,  hoping  that  each  day  has  been  better  than 
the  one  before,  and  that  the  loving  care  which  surrounds  you  will 
win  you  back  to  health  once  more.  Meanwhile,  here  are  my  love, 
my  admiration,  my  service,  all  at  your  command." 

The  gentle  Quaker  spinster  not  only  loved  music  and  flowers 
and  bright  colors  and  pretty  adornments  but  she  was  also  de- 
voted to  children  and  showed  her  affection  for  them  in  many 
ways.  On  the  day  before  Christmas  a  number  of  them  from  the 
school  where  she  was  so  many  years  a  teacher,  came  to  the  house 
and  sang  their  Christmas  carols.  She  was  not  able  to  see  them 
but  she  clapped  her  hands  when  they  had  finished  and  sent  them 
her  loving  thanks. 

Several  of  the  nieces  were  most  anxious  to  go  and  help  care  for 
their  aunt,  and  Lucy  Anthony,  who  was  like  a  daughter  in  the 
household,  was  especially  desirous  of  doing  so,  but  Miss  Mary 
steadily  refused  to  allow  it,  sa)ring  that  she  now  had  the  entire 
time  of  the  professional  nurse,  and,  with  the  housekeeper's  re- 
lieving her  of  all  anxiety  about  domestic  affairs  and  looking  after 
her  every  want,  she  could  not  possibly  be  better  taken  care  of.* 
In  one  of  her  dictated  letters  she  said :  "It  is  all  right  about  your 
love  for  me  and  your  interest  in  my  welfare  but  there  are  others 
to  be  considered.    The  world  is  too  busy  for  the  attention  of  many 

^  After  Miss  Mary's  death  Mrs.  Elizabeth  J.  Loomis,  of  Chicago,  sent  $50  to  the  Na- 
tional Suffrage  Association  to  make  the  housekeeper.  Miss  Carrie  Bahl,  a  life  member  in 
recognition  of  her  efficiency  and  faithfulness. 


1508  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1907] 

people  to  be  turned  to  one  person,  especially  when  most  of  them 
could  be  doing  more  important  work."  It  was  clearly  apparent 
that  she  was  determined  not  to  deprive  Miss  Shaw  of  Lucy's  as- 
sistance when  overwhelmed  with  preparations  for  the  approach- 
ing national  convention,  and  so  they  concluded  to  disobey  her 
commands.  Early  in  January  Lucy  went  to  Rochester  and  when 
she  saw  the  joy  in  her  aunt's  face  at  her  coming  she  decided  at 
once  never  to  leave  her  while  life  lasted. 

Throughout  her  illness  Miss  Mary  was  as  patient  and  brave  as 
she  had  been  in  health.  Her  dominant  thought  was  to  use  every 
remaining  power  for  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage.  She  had  many 
times  urged  her  friends  to  give  to  it  while  living  and  remember  it 
in  their  Wills.  Now  she  dictated  an  earnest  letter  and  sent  many 
copies  to  those  whom  she  knew  well  enough  to  justify  it,  urging 
them  to  follow  the  example  of  her  sister  and  herself  in  this  regard 
and  saying  that  'it  would  make  her  weary  days  and  nights  en- 
durable if  she  could  have  their  assurance  that  they  would  do  what 
they  could  in  a  financial  way  for  this  cause  for  which  so  much 
work  must  still  be  done  before  the  complete  victory.' 

The  president  of  the  New  York  Suffrage  Association,  Mrs. 
Ella  Hawley  Crossett,  came  at  her  request  to  talk  about  the  best 
methods  of  work  in  the  State.  Toward  the  last  she  felt  a  strong 
desire  to  send  a  message  to  the  convention  of  the  National  Asso- 
ciation, which  would  meet  in  Chicago  February  14,  and  would  be 
the  first  one  she  had  failed  to  attend  for  twenty  years.  On  Miss 
Shaw's  last  visit  she  tried  to  dictate  to  her  what  she  wanted  to 
say.  Sometimes  when  she  would  pause  in  framing  her  sentences 
and  Miss  Shaw  would  suggest  one  in  her  beautiful  phrasing,  she 
would  smile  and  say,  "They  would  know  I  didn't  write  that." 
Her  message,  given  two  weeks  before  her  death,  said  in  part : 

Until  we  purge  ourselves  of  the  iniquities  we  profess  to  abhor  in  other 
lands  and  put  into  practice  those  principles  of  justice  which  we  claim  are  the 
foundation  of  our  national  greatness,  we  cannot  hope  to  inspire  confidence  in 
the  people  of  the  world  in  our  lofty  pretensions  of  freedom  and  fair  play  for 
all. 

The  wrong  which  today  outranks  all  others  is  the  disfranchisement  of  the 
mothers  of  the  race.  So  long  as  this  injustice  toward  woman  is  perpetuated, 
just  so  long  will  men  fail  to  recognize  justice  in  its  application  to  each  other. 


[1907]  DEATH   OF   MARY   S.    ANTHONY.  I5O9 

Because  I  believe  this  so  thoroughly  I  have  given  the  best  of  myself  and 
the  best  work  of  my  life  to  help  secure  political  freedom  for  women,  know- 
ing that  upon  this  rests  the  hope  not  only  of  the  freedom  of  men  but  of  the 
onward  civilization  of  the  world. 

I  therefore  urge  upon  the  delegates  and  members  of  the  National  Associa- 
tion not  to  lose  courage  no  matter  what  befalls  but  to  work  on  in  hope  and 
faith,  knowing  full  well  that  the  time  of  the  coming  of  woman's  political 
freedom  depends  largely  upon  the  zeal  and  the  patient  service  of  those  who 
believe  in  its  justice. 

The  workers  pass  on  but  the  work  remains  and  demands  the  loyal  service 
of  us  all. 

Up  to  the  last  conscious  moment  Miss  Mary's  mind  remained 
clear  and  strong.  Her  Will  had  been  made  three  years  before 
and  during  her  illness  she  had  dictated  a  letter  emphasizing  its 
provisions.  She  gave  explicit  directions  in  regard  to  business 
matters  and  expressed  the  wish  that  her  funeral  services  might  be 
conducted  simply  and  with  the  least  possible  trouble  to  everyone. 
She  was  thoughtful  of  all  those  around  her  and  tried  to  save  them 
from  unnecessary  labor.^  In  answer  to  a  question  as  to  her 
feeling  toward  some  one  she  said,  "I  should  be  very  much 
ashamed  of  myself  if  at  this  hour  I  did  not  love  everybody."  No 
concern  as  to  her  own  future  disturbed  the  tranquillity  of  her 
soul.  She  faced  death  as  she  had  faced  life,  sanely,  serenely,  un- 
flinchingly. During  the  last  day  she  talked  with  those  about  her 
but  in  the  evening  she  seemed  to  sleep,  and  the  gentle,  helpful, 
heroic  life  reached  the  end  as  the  old  clock  struck  four  on  the 
morning  of  February  5,  1907. 


Miss  Mary  herself  would  have  been  greatly  surprised  that  the 
press  associations  telegraphed  the  news  of  her  death  to  all  parts  of 
the  country,  and  that  each  of  the  papers  of  her  own  city  devoted 
columns  to  accounts  of  her  life,  work  and  fimeral,  and  published 
appreciative  editorials.     That  from  the  Evening  Times  said: 

^Miss  Marjr's  thoughtfulness  was  constantly  illustrated.  One  day  toward  the  end  she 
asked  where  Mrs.  Gannett  was,  knowing  she  was  in  the  house.  When  told  that  she  was 
very  tired  and  was  Isring  on  the  couch  down  stairs,  she  asked  at  once  what  cover  had  been 
put  over  her  and  said»  "That  is  not  enough;  get  the  big,  double,  grey  shawl  and  tuck  it 
in  all  around  her." 


I5IO  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQO?] 

"The  death  this  morning  of  Mary  S.  Anthony  will  be  mourned 
by  a  wide  circle  of  friends,  not  only  in  this  but  in  other  coimtries, 
but  especially  will  it  be  felt  in  this  city,  where  she  had  lived  so 
many  years,  where  so  many  people  knew  her,  and  where  all  who 
knew  her  felt  the  deepest  admiration  and  affection  for  her  char- 
acter. While  not  so  widely  known  as  her  more  famous  sister, 
Mary  S.  Anthony  had  a  place  scarcely  less  important  in  the  work 
of  elevating  and  helping  womanhood.  Quiet  and  homeloving, 
she  made  a  foil  to  the  more  energetic  nature  of  the  other.  For 
years,  however,  they  were  associated  in  the  work  of  woman  suf- 
frage, and  the  death  of  her  sister,  less  than  a  year  ago,  was  a  blow 
from  which  she  never  recovered.  The  great  interest  of  her  life 
was  gone  and  she  slowly  declined  until  today  came  the  sad  news 
of  her  death — a  relief  to  her  but  a  heavy  loss  to  thousands  every- 
where ;  above  all  a  loss  to  those  in  this  city  who  for  many  years 
had  been  so  closely  associated  with  her." 

The  Post-Express  said  in  part :  "For  half-a-century  the  name 
of  Mary  A^nthony  was  hardly  known  outside  of  this  city,  while 
her  sister  was  famous  on  two  continents.  But  later  the  world 
learned  what  was  known  here — that  the  extraordinary  energy 
which  Susan  B.  Anthony  displayed  in  public  was  possible  only 
through  the  unselfish  loyalty,  the  unflinching  devotion  and  the 
unremitting  labor  of  her  sister  at  home.  No  one  realized  this  so 
well  as  Miss  Anthony  herself  or  was  more  ready  to  say  it.  .  .  . 
Both  were  lovable  in  character,  devoted  to  duty,  energetic  in  ac- 
tion, strong  in  intellect,  loyal  to  great  reforms  and  courageous  in 
every  emergency.  Now  after  long  and  useful  lives,  full  of  earnest 
strivings  and  unselfish  devotion,  they  go  into  history  hand  in 
hand  and  of  equal  strength  and  stature." 

The  Democrat  and  Chronicle  thus  closed  its  editorial : 

In  measuring  the  work  of  Miss  Mary  S.  Anthony,  no  less  than  that  of  her 
sister  who  has  passed  on  before,  it  would  be  unjust  to  leave  the  impression 
that  her  energies  were  devoted  exclusively,  or  to  any  disproportionate  extent, 
to  the  procurement  of  equal  suffrage  for  women  with  men.  While  this  end 
was  never  for  a  moment  lost  to  sight,  there  was  no  legitimate  field  for  the 
betterment  of  women  in  which  these  two  notable  women  were  not  active. 
The  liberal  education  of  women  was  a  cause  in  which  they  labored  arduously 
and  for  which  they  sacrificed  much.    To  Mary  S.  Anthony,  with  her  sister 


[1907]  DEATH   OF   MARY   S.    ANTHONY.  I5II 

and  other  noble  women,  some  of  whom  were  less  radical  in  their  views  re- 
garding woman  suffrage,  young  women  owe  the  privilege  of  education  in  the 
University  of  Rochester  on  equal  terms  with  men.  Thus  these  leaders  among 
women  were  not  solely  champions  of  dvic  rights  for  their  sex;  they  stood 
for  everything  which  would  make  the  lives  not  only  of  women  but  of  men 
also  brighter,  broader,  more  wholesome  and  better  worth  living.  While  it  is 
true  that  Mary  S.  Anthony,  during  the  lifetime  of  her  sister  emulated  Martha 
of  old  in  choosing  the  humbler  part,  her  memory  will  be  none  the  less  warmly 
cherished  by  those  for  whom  she  labored  so  long,  so  consistently  and  so  ef- 
fectually. 

The  old,  historic  Anthony  home  was  filled  with  loving  relatives 
and  friends  on  the  afternoon  of  February  7,  come  to  look  for  the 
last  time  on  the  sweet,  placid  face  of  its  gentle  mistress.  The 
dove-colored  casket  with  the  silken  Stars  and  Stripes  across  the 
foot,  was  surrounded  by  a  wealth  of  flowers,  from  the  church,  the 
club,  the  university  association,  the  medical  society  and  many  in- 
dividuals. Mrs.  Mary  Thayer  Sanford,  an  intimate  and  much 
loved  friend,  had  charge  of  the  arrangements.  There  were  no 
formal  services  here,  but  the  same  children  who  gave  their  Christ- 
mas carols  came  again  with  Miss  Helen  F.  Samain,  their  teacher, 
and  their  fresh  young  voices  sang  farewell  songs,  the  sweet  music 
continuing  until  the  casket  was  borne  from  the  house.  Then  all 
went  to  the  Unitarian  Church  which  was  crowded  with  men  and 
women.  Places  were  reserved  for  the  Political  Equality  Qub, 
the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  the  Women  Students'  Association,  the  Blackwell 
Medical  Society  and  other  organizations. 

As  the  audience  gathered,  familiar  hymns  were  played,  and 
when  the  casket  was  carried  up  the  aisle,  Naomi,  a  special  favorite 
of  Miss  Mary's.  The  services  opened  with  a  hymn  she  greatly 
liked,  "It  Singeth  Low  in  Every  Heart,"  and  later  another  was 
sung,  "What  Thou  Wilt,  O  Father,  Give."  The  Rev.  W.  C. 
Gannett,  her  minister  and  devoted  friend  for  many  years,  read 
from  comforting  passages  of  Scripture — "Let  not  your  heart  be 
troubled."  .  .  .  "Nothing  is  quickened  save  it  die."  .  .  . 
"What  shall  I  do  that  I  may  inherit  eternal  life?"  .  .  .  From 
Socrates — "Let  us  be  of  good  cheer  about  death.  There  can  no 
evil  befall  a  good  soul  either  in  life  or  after  death."  .  .  .  From 
his  own  writings — "Through  the  silence  a  Voice  saith,  *It  is  I,  be 
Ant.  Ill— 26 


I512  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [iQO?] 

not  afraid/  The  old,  familiar  places  are  astir  with  holy  mem- 
ories. The  things  unseen  grow  real,  grow  near,  grow  beautiful. 
The  two  worlds  seem  to  mingle.  Our  pain  becometh  peace. 
Slowly  we  learn  the  truth  that  Death  teacheth  us  the  things  of 
Deathlessness."  .  .  .  These  were  followed  by  a  prayer  elo- 
quent with  hope  and  faith  and  courage.  Then,  as  seemed  most 
appropriate,  women  speakers  continued  the  services.  Mrs.  Green- 
leaf  said  in  the  course  of  her  tribute : 

"Thank  God  for  friends  I"  exclaimed  Emerson.  Thank  God  for  friends,  our 
hearts  echo  as  we  gather  here  to  render  tribute  to  the  beloved  woman  whose 
body,  worn  out  in  the  service  of  humanity,  lies  in  its  burial  casket  today. 
We  may  well  give  thanks  who  have  known  and  loved  Mary  Anthony,  and  to 
our  thanks  for  having  known  her,  let  us  add  the  expression  of  our  gratitude 
that  she  has  finished  the  work  so  faithfully  performed  and  become  "a  part 
of  morning"  with  the  sister  she  so  loved  and  cherished.  "Beautiful  is  life/* 
just  as  beautiful  is  death  when  it  closes  a  well  spent  life  here  and  opens  one 
where 

"The  eternal  step  of  progress  beats 

To  that  great  anthem  calm  and  slow 

Which  God  repeats." 

I  revered  Susan  as  the  greatest  woman  I  ever  knew,  she  was  my  inspirer, 
my  guide;  but  Sister  Mary  I  loved  as  I  have  loved  few  women.  She  was 
one  of  the  most  perfect  examples  of  a  truly  feminine  soul  I  ever  have  met. 
Most  modest  and  unassuming,  gentie  and  loving,  staunchest  of  friends,  tender- 
est  of  daughters  and  sisters,  brave  and  inflexible  in  the  defence  of  what  she 
believed  to  be  right,  and  craving  and  striving  for  that  freedom  of  expression 
that  belongs  to  all  God's  children — this  was  Mary  Anthony  as  I  knew  her. 
Can  we  give  ourselves  up  to  selfish  grief  over  our  loss  when  we  know  that 
wherever  the  fountain  of  truth,  purity  and  goodness  is  found,  there  abide 
Mary  Anthony  and  her  sister  Susan? 

Mrs.  R.  Jerome  Jeffrey  touchingly  expressed  the  love  and  ap- 
preciation of  the  colored  race  for  the  friendship  and  help  they 
had  received  in  such  abundant  measure  from  Mary  Anthony. 
Mrs.  Helen  Barrett  Montgomery,  member  of  the  School  Board, 
said  in  part : 

When  a  hero  dies  they  place  upon  his  breast  tokens  of  his  achievements, 
emblems  of  honor.  On  this  woman's  breast  many  honors  are  laid  today  be- 
cause of  the  various  reforms  in  which  she  was  engaged  because  of  her  untiring 
faithfulness,  her  devotion  to  those  nearest  her  and  her  work  for  the  poor. 
All  these  are  her  orders  of  nobility.   But  higher  than  all,  in  my  estimatiout 


[1907]  DEATH    OF    MARY    S.    ANTHONY.  I513 

is  the  service  she  gave  for  many  years  in  our  public  schools.  Oh,  the  work 
of  our  teachers!  There  is  no  honor  too  high  that  we  can  pay  them.  From 
what  we  have  been  told  by  friends  and  associates  this  woman  must  have 
been  a  wonderful  teacher.  She  solved  not  only  the  problems  of  the  class- 
room, but  was  able  as  principal  of  a  school  to  execute  the  greater  problems. 
The  importance  of  the  work  of  training  our  children  cannot  be  overesti- 
mated; there  is  no  other  so  important  to  the  community.  Therefore  it  is 
today  a  whole  city  that  lays  its  tributes  of  honor  on  Mary  Anthony's  bier. 

In  her  loving  testimonial  Mrs.  Gannett  said : 

It  is  hard  to  put  into  words  one's  estimate  of  Mary  Anthony,  she  was  so 
utterly  self-effacing  and  yet  so  positive  a  personality.  We  are  apt  to  dwell 
on  her  devotion  to  and  co-operation  with  her  beloved  sister,  but  no  one  who 
really  knew  her  could  think  of  Mary  as  merely  an  auxiliary  to  Susan.  She 
was  a  strong  and  independent  character,  and  her  life  was  full  of  her  own  kinds 
of  service.  Her  neighbors  knew  and  loved  her  as  one  prompt  to  see  and  meet 
any  need  for  friendly  help.  In  every  organization  with  which  she  was  con- 
nected she  took  an  active  part,  ever  ready  to  put  on  herself  the  hardest  and 
most  thankless  tasks.  We  know  of  much  loving  service  and  faithful  work 
performed  by  her,  but  I  am  satisfied  that  by  far  the  larger  part  of  all  she  did 
was  unknown  save  to  those  she  served.  Children  especially  appealed  to  her 
and  on  her  long  journeys  in  this  country  and  across  the  sea  she  dotted  her 
way  with  here  a  picture  postal  and  there  a  menu  card  mailed  to  some  child 
collector,  and  children  were  always  remembered  with  little  gifts  brought 
home.  A  daily  duty-fullness  was  hers,  a  life  wholly  without  thought  of  self, 
loyal  in  friendships,  devoted  to  every  good  cause,  consecrated  to  the  purest 
and  noblest  ideals. 

With  deep  feeling  Miss  Shaw  read  the  "message"  that  had  been 
sent  to  the  national  convention,  and  thus  began  her  eulogy : 

As  the  glowing  light  before  the  morning  sun,  or  the  radiance  after  the 
sun  has  set,  so  was  Mary  to  Susan  B.  Anthony.  They  were  more  alike  than 
people  thought,  for  years  of  service  in  the  same  cause  made  them  one.  When 
Mary  looked  forward  to  this  hour  she  said,  "Don't  waste  time  on  me  but 
say  the  strongest  words  you  can  to  rouse  men  and  women  to  see  the  in- 
justice of  disfranchisement"  This  was  her  last  word  in  regard  to  the  most 
important  question  before  humanity  today.  It  concerns  the  freedom  of  the 
mothers  of  men,  who  themselves  can  never  be  free  until  they  are  bom  of  free 
women.  That  which  made  Mary  Anthony  great  as  teacher,  friend  and  re- 
former was  that  back  of  all  were  the  sterling  qualities  of  character  which 
made  her  what  she  was  as  a  woman ;  which  crowned  her  life  with  the  truest 
symbol  of  success — ^the  power  to  look  squarely  out  into  the  eyes  of  all  man- 
kind without  servility,  and  up  into  the  face  of  God  without  fear. 

The  day  was  bright  and  beautiful  and  a  large  number  of  people 


1 5 14  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [19O7] 

went  to  the  cemetery,  where  the  deep  snow  lay  pure  and  white 
and  radiant  in  the  sunshine.  As  the  casket  was  lowered  into  the 
grave  Miss  Shaw  said  slowly  and  reverently :  "Dear  friend,  enter 
into  your  rest  beside  the  sister  dearly  beloved.  Together  you 
toiled  without  fear  or  faltering ;  together  your  weary  bodies  enter 
into  the  quiet  of  eternal  peace,  but  we  feel  the  presence  of  your 
fuller  life  and  know  that  where  service  is  needed  there  together 
your  immortal  souls  will  always  be  found  and  your  highest  joy  be 
known.    Farewell." 

Then  Mr.  Gannett  spoke  the  tender,  solemn  words  of  the  "com- 
mittal," and  the  friends  turned  away  with  a  last  good-by  leaving 
the  two  sisters  once  more  side  by  side  after  a  separation  of  only  a 
few  months  in  all  the  eighty  years. 

Among  the  many  written  tributes  two  seem  especially  to  de- 
mand a  place  here.  The  following,  by  an  old  friend  in  Rochester, 
Mir.  J.  M.  Thayer,  was  sent  to  Miss  Mary  pn  one  of  her  late 
birthdays : 

When  Paul  with  holy  zeal  and  speech  most  rare, 
In  all  the  ardor  of  perpetual  youth, 
Dispensed  with  liberal  hand  and  zealous  care 
The  latent  germs  of  new-found  gospel  truth, 

Apollos,  faithful  to  his  chosen  part. 
With  loving  care  refreshed  the  sterile  soil. 
From  living  fountains  in  his  own  warm  heart, 
And  shared  the  honors  as  he  shared  the  toiL 

And  thus,  St.  Susan,  fired  with  kindred  zeal. 
And  holding  kindred  gifts  at  her  command, 
Has  grasped  the  quick'ning  germs  of  human  weal 
And  sown  them  broadcast  over  all  the  land; 

And  Mary,  like  Apollos,  quick  to  see 

That  soon  or  late  the  pressing  need  must  come. 

Has  crowned  her  life  by  holy  industry 

As  "water-bearer"  from  the  fount  of  home. 

We  emulate  the  one,  whose  dauntless  soul 
Has  found  the  courage  thus  to  "do  and  dare," 
But  honor  her  no  less  who  "keeps  the  goal," 
And  thus  on  both  bestow  their  equal  share. 

The  second  was  written  by  Mrs.  Louise  Lawrence  Fitch,  of 


[1907]  DEATH   OF    MARY   S.    ANTHONY.  I515 

Rochester,  about  the  time  Miss  Mary  started  with  her  sister  for 
Berlin. 

Just  a  willing  sacrifice 

Of  a  woman's  holiest  right; 

Just  a  daily  abnegation, 

Putting  self  far  out  of  sight; 

Just  a  tender,  faithful  care. 

Doing  all  things  with  her  might. 
Just  ''Sister  Mary." 

Just  a  life  whose  consecration 
Makes  another's  life-work  sure; 
Just  a  love  that  sees  the  end 
And,  seeing,  all  things  can  endure ; 
Just  a  heart  of  faith  and  hope ; 
Just  a  soul  inspired  and  pure. 
Just  "Sister  Mary." 

The  Will  of  Miss  Mary  S.  Anthony  was  made  January  4,  1904. 

I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  all  of  my  property,  both  real  and  personal,  to  my 
beloved  sister,  Susan  B.  Anthony,  in  fee  and  absolutely. 

In  the  event,  however,  of  the  decease  of  my  said  sister,  Susan  B.  Anthony, 
prior  to,  or  at  the  time  of  my  decease,  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  all  of  said 
rest,  residue  and  remainder  of  my  property  to  my  niece  Lucy  E.  Anthony  and 
to  my  friend  Anna  H.  Shaw. 

Likewise,  I  make,  constitute  and  appoint  the  said  Susan  B.  Anthony,  Lucy 
R  Anthony,  Anna  H.  Shaw  and  Rachel  Foster  Avery,  Executors  of  this  my 
Last  Will  and  Testament,  hereby  revoking  all  former  Wills  by  me  made. 

And  I  hereby  request  that  no  bonds  shall  be  demanded  of  said  Executors. 

On  June  22,  1906,  the  following  letter  of  request  to  the  execu- 
tors of  her  Will  was  carefully  prepared  in  Miss  Mary's  own  hand- 
writing and  put  in  the  bank  with  her  papers,  a  copy  of  it  being 
sent  to  the  executors : 

I  desire  that  one  thousand  dollars  ($1,000)  be  given  to  Mary  T.  L.  Gannett, 
Mary  Thayer  Sanford  and  Emma  B.  Sweet,  to  be  used  as  an  Emergency 
Fund,  at  their  discretion,  to  further  the  work  of  the  Rochester  Political 
Equality  Club; 

That  one  thousand  dollars  ($i/xx>)  be  given  to  Harriet  May  Mills,  Isabel 
Rowland  and  Ella  Hawley  Crossett  for  an  Emergency  Fund,  to  be  used  at 
their  discretion,  to  further  the  work  of  the  New  York  State  Woman  Suffrage 
Association ; 

That  one  thousand  dollars   ($i,oco)  be  given  to  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard 


ISl6  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY.  [1907] 

Shaw,  Harriet  Taylor  Upton  and  Catherine  Waugh  McCuUoch,  to  be  used, 
at  their  discretion,  in  tlie  National  Suffrage  work; 

That  five  thousand  dollars  ($5,000)  be  given  to  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard  Shaw 
personally,  for  her  devotion  to  and  persistency  in  working  for  the  Enfran- 
chisement of  Women — ^much  of  the  time  without  money  and  without  price ; 

That  Lucy  E.  Anthony,  the  only  niece  who  has  given  her  time  and  labor 
for  the  Suffrage  Cause,  shall  be  given  five  thousand  dollars  ($5,000)  for  her 
personal  use. 

Lastly,  I  desire  that  the  rest,  residue  and  remainder  of  my  property— both 
real  and  personal — shall  be  used  as  an  Emergency  Fund,  at  the  discretion  of 
my  Executors,  that  where  there  is  a  prospect  that  a  State  can  be  carried  for 
Woman  Suffrage,  it  may  help  to  send  enough  lecturers  and  other  workers 
into  the  field  to  make  sure  to  win. 

In  order  that  there  might  be  no  misunderstanding  as  to  her 
wishes  Miss  Mary  dictated  a  letter  to  Mrs.  Mary  T.  Lewis  Gan- 
nett on  December  2,  1906,  two  months  before  her  death,  signed  it 
and  had  Mrs.  Gannett  sign  as  a  witness. 

The  final  disposition  of  what  little  property  my  sister  Susan  left  was  made 
by  her  executors  according  to  her  last  expressed  wish  and  with  my  full  sym- 
pathy and  cordial  consent 

From  the  time  I  was  able  to  reason  at  all  I  have  always  felt  thoroughly 
convinced  that  by  far  the  greater  share  of  the  evils  existing  between  men 
and  women  resulted  from  the  legal  subordination  of  women  from  the  begin- 
ning of  time  to  the  present  day.  I  feel  thoroughly  satisfied  that  this  one 
question  sinks  all  else  into  the  background — ^that  until  we  can  establish  equal- 
ity between  men  and  women  we  shall  never  realize  the  full  development  of 
which  manhood  and  womanhood  are  capable. 

Therefore,  I  in  like  manner  have  requested  that  the  residue  of  my  estate 
be  given  to  the  Suffrage  C^use  at  the  discretion  of  my  executors — after  the 
various  bequests  or  payments  to  associations  and  to  my  niece  Lucy  E.  An- 
thony and  Anna  Howard  Shaw — ^as  noted  in  my  letter  of  request  to  my  execu- 
tors. I  wish  to  put  on  record  my  appreciation  of  the  devotion  to  the  Cause  of 
Woman  Suffrage  on  the  part  of  these  two  women. 

In  1848  Mary  S.  Anthony  attended  the  first  convention  ever 
held  in  the  interest  of  the  rights  of  women ;  she  signed  the  first 
formal  demand  ever  made  and  voted  for  the  first  resolutions  ever 
adopted  for  these  rights,  including  that  of  the  suffrage.  Her 
testimony  and  her  effort  for  almost  sixty  years  thereafter  were 
consistently  given  for  equality  of  rights,  and  to  aid  in  securing  it 
her  last  words  were  spoken  and  the  careful  savings  of  her  life- 
time were  left  as  a  legacy. 


[1907]  DEATH   OF   MARY   S.    ANTHONY.  I517 

It  IS  not  essential  to  speak  of  the  resolutions  adopted  and  the 
memorial  meetings  held,  or  to  quote  from  the  many  letters  of 
S3rmpathy  received.  The  prevailing  note  of  all  was  expressed  in 
that  of  Miss  Harriet  May  Mills,  written  at  Biskra,  on  the  Desert 
of  Sahara,  where  she  was  travelling:  "O,  how  hard  it  is  to 
realize  that  the  two  guardian  spirits  of  that  blessed  home  are  gone 
forever  from  our  sight.  It  was  such  a  dear  refuge  to  all  of  us  who 
were  a-weary  in  body  or  mind,  and  not  one  ever  left  its  hospitable 
door  without  feeling  happy  and  refreshed." 

It  was  indeed  a  sorrow  that  this  consecrated  home  could  not 
be  preserved  without  change  in  order  that  it  might  stand  as  a 
shrine  to  which  women  should  come  in  all  the  future  years  to 
offer  thanks  for  their  freedom  and  opportimities.  The  matter  of 
thus  preserving  it  received  the  most  careful  consideration  but  for 
many  reasons  this  was  found  to  be  wholly  impracticable.  It  must 
remain  a  blessed  memory  to  those  who  have  known  its  inspiring 
influences,  and  from  the  written  page  future  generations  must 
learn  to  reverence  it  as  they  love  and  revere  the  two  noble  women 
who  sanctified  it  by  their  pure  and  beautiful  lives. 


APPENDIX. 

EDITORIAL   COMMENT   ON   THE   LIFE,    WORK   AND  DEATH   OF 
SUSAN  B.   ANTHONY.^ 

1906. 

The  magnificent  testimonials  below  deserve  first  place,  as  the  expression  of 
the  city  which  was  the  home  of  Miss  Anthony  for  sixty-one  years. 

Rochester  (N.  Y.)  Democrat  and  Chronicle:  The  death  of  Susan  B.  An- 
thony closes  one  of  the  most  remarkable  careers  any  woman  in  this  country 
has  ever  known.  Hers  has  been  a  life  of  unceasing  labor,  of  unequaled  cour- 
age, of  imdaunted  persistency  in  the  face  of  opposition,  ridicule  and  disappoint- 
ments, of  the  most  unselfish  devotion  to  many  philanthropic  causes,  through 
all  of  which  there  ran  one  strong  unbroken  strand,  the  demand  for  equal  rights 
and  responsibilities  for  her  sex. 

Beginning  in  weakness  and  obscurity,  pressing  forward  over  obstacles  that 
seemed  insurmountable,  and  in  the  face  of  hostility  intrenched  in  social  senti- 
ment and  custom,  in  constitution  and  laws,  never  halting,  never  apologizing, 
never  compromising,  this  heroic  woman  came  in  the  closing  years  of  her  won- 
derful life  to  stand,  beloved  and  honored,  before  rulers  and  kings,  and  to  re- 
ceive from  all  civilized  lands  grateful  acknowledgment  from  those  who  are 
greater  than  kings  or  rulers — the  people— of  her  splendid  services  in  the  cause 
of  humanity.  For  Susan  B.  Anthony,  supremely  known  as  the  pioneer  and 
chief  apostle  in  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage,  was  far  more  than  that.  She 
was  more,  even,  than  the  champion  of  her  own  sex.  She  was  the  friend  of  the 
slave,  the  friend  of  labor,  the  friend  of  the  struggling  student,  the  friend  of  the 
Union  in  its  mighty  conflict  with  the  forces  of  the  Confederacy,  the  friend  of 
the  lowly  and  the  poor,  the  friend  of  the  oppressed  whatever  their  sex,  race  or 
creed. 

Possessing  what  has  always  been  spoken  of  as  masculinity  in  logic  and  or- 
ganizing power,  but  which  she  refused  to  acknowledge  as  distinctively  and  ex- 
clusively masculine,  she  had  also  the  woman's  heart  in  her  which  moved  her  to 

^  These  editorials  are  arranged  in  the  following  manner:  First  those  from  the  press  of 
Rochester,  N.  Y.;  then  of  New  York  City  and  State;  Boston  and  New  England;  New  Jer- 
sey; Philadelphia  and  Pennsylvania;  Baltimore;  Washington;  Ohio;  Indiana;  Michigan; 
Chicago  and  Illinois;  Wisconsin;  Minnesota;  Iowa;  Missouri;  Nebraska;  Kansas;  Colorado; 
Utah;  Montana;  Oregon;  Washington;  California;  Louisiana;  Mississippi;  Alabama;  Flor- 
ida; Georgia;  South  Carolina;  North  Carolina;  Virginia;  West  Virginia;  Tennessee;  Ken- 
tucky; the  Religious  Press;  the  W.  C,  T.  U.;  Suffrage  News  Letter;  Poems. 

Only  a  portion  of  the  editorials  is  used  in  most  instances— enough  to  show  the  spirit — 
and  no  attempt  is  made  to  reproduce  those  which  appeared  in  large  numbers  of  foreign 
papers  and  magazines.     A  resume  will  be  found  in  Chapter  LXXIV. 

(1519) 


1520  APPENDIX. 

instant  sympathy  and  relief.  Her  heart  and  her  hands  moved  together.  When 
it  was  in  her  power  to  extend  aid  she  was  never  content  with  condolences. 
Practical  to  her  finger-tips  and  devoid  of  all  self-consciousness,  she  wasted  no 
time  on  self-pity  because  of  her  own  sympathies,  but  went  straight  to  the  task 
of  doing  what  she  could. 

But  to  all  who  knew  her  Miss  Anthony's  true  womanliness  was  one  of  the 
conspicuous  phases  of  her  character.  She  was  caricatured  for  years  as  a  man- 
woman.  She  was  denounced,  ridiculed  and  satirized  as  one  who  was  both 
ashamed  of  her  sex  and  a  reproach  to  it.  It  was  said  that  she  wanted  to  make 
speeches  in  public  because  men  did  it;  that  she  wanted  to  vote  because  she 
was  masculine  in  her  tastes  and  ambition;  that  she  was  coarse,  indelicate  and 
unwomanly.  That  was  the  old  story.  She  faced  these  accusations  for  years 
from  the  press,  from  the  pulpit,  from  drawing-rooms,  from  halls  of  legislation 
and  from  mobs.  Did  she  not  suffer  from  them  ?  Did  not  her  brave  heart  often 
bleed  over  misconstruction  of  motive  and  misrepresentation  of  character? 
Surely  those  who  knew  Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  depth  of  her  earnest,  sincere, 
straight-forward  soul,  the  loftiness  and  comprehensiveness  of  her  aims,  the 
tenderness  of  her  sympathies  and  the  beauty  of  her  ministries,  can  only  won- 
der that  such  a  monstrous  perversion  of  the  truth  could  ever  receive  credence. 
But  it  must  be  remembered  that  through  a  long  life  of  uninterrupted  labor  this 
noble  woman  was  antagonizing  ingrained  customs  and  prejudices  that  were 
not  the  growth  of  generations  only,  but  of  centuries,  of  all  recorded  time. 
Whether  she  was  right  or  wrong  in  her  solution  of  the  problems  she  attacked, 
she  had  studied  them  by  night  and  day,  she  had  looked  at  them  from  every 
side,  and,  as  an  expert  in  their  investigation,  she  was  entitled  to  more  respect- 
ful treatment  from  her  own  sex,  as  well  as  from  men,  than  she  received  for 
many  years. 

Miss  Anthony  was  a  well  educated  woman.  The  foundations  of  culture 
were  laid  wide  and  deep  in  her  childhood  and  girlhood.  For  years  she  was  an 
able  and  successful  teacher.  She  studied  human  nature,  first  in  the  classroom 
and  then  in  the  great  world  which  she  knew  as  few  of  her  contemporaries,  men 
or  women,  did.  She  had  a  large,  luminous  intellect,  a  strong  physique  that 
hardly  acknowledged  fatigue,  a  love  of  affairs,  especially  those  pertaining  to 
the  relations  of  the  State  to  men  and  women,  which  stimulated  her  to  constant 
study  and  research.  The  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  the  Constitutions 
of  the  several  States  and  the  laws  in  their  bearings  upon  her  mission  were  as 
the  alphabet  to  her.  The  man  who,  presuming  upon  his  sex  or  upon  his  official 
station,  assumed  superiority  of  knowledge  concerning  public  affairs  or  the 
bearings  of  laws  and  institutions  upon  Miss  Anthony's  favorite  issues,  was 
likely  to  find  himself  brought  up  as  with  a  lasso  by  a  few  clear-cut  sentences, 
irresistible  in  truth  and  logic  She  could  settle  a  discussion  with  about  as  few 
words  as  any  person  the  public  life  of  this  country  has  ever  known.  In  that 
respect  she  was  justly  comparable  with  Abraham  Lincoln,  whose  logic  and  tact 
and  wit  went  hand  in  hand. 

The  qualities  of  mind  and  temperament  which  greatly  distinguished  Miss 
Anthony  were  her  intense  practicality,  her  extraordinary  logical  powers,  her 
undying  persistence,  her  tact  and  her  unfailing  sense  of  humor.  To  speak  of 
the  last  first,  it  may  be  said  that  it  was  the  lubricating  quality  which  saved  her 


APPENDIX.  1 52 1 

from  the  grinding  effects  of  a  life  that  otherwise  would  have  worn  her  out  in 
her  prime.  Her  humor  was  crisp  and  sparkling,  sometimes  keen  and  search- 
ing. It  made  her  brief,  business-like  visits  to  an  editor's  sanctum  or  a  states- 
man's office  something  more  than  they  otherwise  would  have  been.  It  flashed 
like  sunshine  into  the  prosaic  question  of  the  moment,  illuminating  and  cheer- 
ing it  and  adding  a  stimulus  to  succeeding  work. 

Miss  Anthony  was  a  woman  of  unusual  tact.  Never  mean  or  tricky,  never 
compromising  herself  or  her  cause,  she  displayed  remarkable  skill  in  adjusting 
herself  to  the  occasion,  the  individual  or  the  audience  she  was  addressing,  and 
the  exigencies  of  her  plan  and  purpose. 

Miss  Anthon/s  fidelity,  especially  to  the  work  she  had  laid  out  for  herself 
in  life,  was  unshakable.  She  permitted  nothing  to  daunt,  nothing  to  divert 
her.  "This  one  thing  I  do,"  was  the  fundamental  rule  of  her  life.  Versatile 
in  sympathies,  nevertheless  from  the  time  she  became  convinced  that  woman 
must  have  the  ballot  to  assure  to  her  an  equal  footing  with  man  in  society  and 
the  State,  down  to  the  last  conscious  moment  of  her  life,  she  kept  that  end  in 
view.  Rarely  if  ever  did  she  make  a  public  speech  or  write  a  paper  on  any 
question  in  which  somewhere  that  thought,  perhaps  in  a  single  felicitous  and 
convincing  phrase,  did  not  crop  out.  So  persistent  was  she  in  this  that  she 
became  identified  with  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage  to  such  a  degree  that 
many  were  unconscious  of  her  activities  and  successes  in  other  lines  of  reform 
and  ministry. 

Miss  Anthony  was  a  trained  and  wonderfully  persuasive  public  speaker. 
She  was  in  no  sense  declamatory.  She  did  not  deal  in  rhetoric  or  the  flowers 
of  fancy.  Her  speech  was  as  direct,  as  clear-cut  and  as  convincing  as  an 
axiom.  Her  logic  admitted  no  refutation,  granting  her  premises.  She  not 
only  herself  saw  the  connection  but  had  the  power  of  making  others  see  it,  and 
in  the  fewest  possible  words. 

For  sixty  years  Susan  B.  Anthony  has  been  a  resident  of  Rochester.  She 
came  here  in  the  freshness  of  her  young  womanhood,  and  this  has  been  her 
home  to  the  hour  of  her  death.  Here  she  has  undergone  obloquy  and  here 
she  has  been  loved  and  honored  beyond,  perhaps,  the  experience  of  any  other 
person.  For  years  she  has  been  the  best  known  citizen  of  this  city.  Her  rep- 
utation was  world-wide.  She  had  traveled  abroad  and  received  attentions 
rarely  if  ever  shown  an  American  woman,  and  had  come  back  to  Rochester 
with  the  thought  of  "Home,  Sweet  Home"  in  her  heart  and  its  words  on  her 
lips.  Hither  she  has  returned  after  strenuous  campaigns  in  distant  States  on 
the  Pacific  coast,  in  the  halls  of  Congress  or  Legislatures,  to  rest  for  a  brief 
while  only,  and  like  the  evangelist  of  a  cause  which  she  was,  to  go  forth  again 
to  a  more  arduous  field  of  labor.  Rochester  will  miss  her.  Rochester  mourns 
her  departure;  for  her  admirers  and  friends,  her  lovers  and  champions  are 
not  only  they  who  saw  eye  to  eye  with  her,  but  a  great  multitude  who,  while 
they  did  not  agree  with  all  her  views,  respected,  admired  and  loved  the  splen- 
did qualities  of  heart  and  mind  which  made  her  in  many  respects  the  queen  of 
American  womanhood. 

Rochester  (N.  Y.)  Herald:  The  life  of  Susan  B.  Anthony,  which  came  to  a 
peaceful  end  yesterday  morning,  was  full  of  unique  and  distinguished  achieve- 


1522  APPENDIX. 

ments.  It  may  easily  be  said  to  have  been  the  most  remarkable  career  among 
those  of  American  women,  perhaps  of  all  women,  who  lived  in  the  nineteenth 
century.  It  was  moulded  to  a  single  consuming  purpose  and  that  purpose  re- 
ceived the  fullest  sacrifice  that  it  was  within  the  power  of  any  human  being  to 
give,  the  devotion  of  an  earnest  soul,  a  brilliant  and  vigorous  intellect  and  a 
wealth  of  physical  energy— all  these  for  a  period  much  longer  than  the  active 
lives  of  most  men  and  women.  This  dominating  purpose  of  her  life  was  the 
attainment  of  the  suffrage  for  women. 

This  was  an  unpopular  cause  when  it  was  first  espoused  by  Miss  Anthony, 
and  it  is  still  but  little  less  in  disfavor.  It  is  this  very  unpopularity  of  her 
chief  aim  that  makes  the  esteem  for  her  moral  worth  and  the  admiration  of 
her  intellectual  genius  such  complete  testimony  to  her  incomparable  mind  and 
character.  She  did  not  realize  the  dream  of  her  life — ^to  see  the  ballot  in  the 
hands  of  American  women  everywhere  upon  the  same  terms  that  it  is  given 
to  men.  But  she  did  live  to  see  and  enjoy  a  friendly  toleration  of  her  theories 
and  demands  for  recognition,  where  in  her  early  life  she  had  been  met  with 
discourtesy  that  sometimes  verged  upon  sheer  brutality.  And,  what  was  of 
far  greater  importance,  she  saw  many  reforms,  more  or  less  collateral  to  her 
project  of  woman  suffrage,  enacted  into  law  and  adopted  in  the  usage  that  is 
more  pervasive  in  its  influence  and  effect  than  is  the  law.  The  enlarged  sphere 
of  woman  in  the  industries,  in  commerce  and  in  the  literary  occupations,  the 
increase  of  the  compensation  of  women  in  the  occupations  which  are  prac- 
tically monopolized  by  them,  the  realization  by  women  that  they  become  bread- 
winners without  disgrace  and  even  without  hardship,  and  that  the  world's  re- 
wards of  genius  are  bestowed  without  respect  to  sex — all  these  have  come  to 
be ;  and  more  or  less  clearly  these  changes  are  to  be  traced  to  the  influence  of 
the  agitation  begun  and  inspired  by  Susan  B.  Anthony. 

Miss  Anthony's  personality,  seen  from  a  nearer  viewpoint,  inspired  the  love 
and  admiration  of  everyone.  Many  of  her  acquaintances  dissented  from  her 
creed  of  society  and  politics  but  among  them  there  was  not  an  enemy.  Some  of 
those  who  instinctively  recoiled  from  the  thought  of  a  woman  mingling  with 
the  filthy  concerns  of  politics,  rejoiced  in  the  light  of  Miss  Anthony's  kindli- 
ness and  friendship,  and  reveled  in  the  delight  of  mental  contact  with  her. 
She  was  frank,  simple,  unpretentious.  In  a  word,  she  was  genuine.  Her 
friendships,  as  her  public  life,  were  at  the  surface  as  they  were  at  the  heart. 
It  was  no  more  in  her  power  than  in  her  will  to  deceive.  Such  a  character  it 
was  easy  for  one  who  met  it  to  understand,  and,  understanding,  it  was  im- 
possible not  to  love  and  revere  it.  Mere  differences  of  opinion  could  not  dis- 
turb attachment  to  so  ingenuous,  unselfish  and  brave  a  nature  as  hers. 

In  conversation,  as  in  public  speech  and  writing,  Miss  Anthony's  native  in- 
tellectual gifts  shone  in  her  clearness  of  thought,  in  her  apt  phrases  and  in 
frequent  flashes  of  her  wit.  She  had  a  terseness  and  vigor  of  characterization 
that  might  well  be  envied  by  the  foremost  speakers  of  the  country.  She  could 
be  bitter  when  the  bitterness  of  sarcasm  best  served  the  purpose  of  her  public 
appeal;  but  she  never  could  be  bitter  or  unpleasant  in  her  private  relations. 
She  was  not  by  nature  of  a  combative  temperament.  She  sought  always 
friends,  never  enemies.    Her  fighting  was  all  bom  of  devotion,  earnestness. 


APPENDIX.  1523 

self-surrender  to  what  she  deemed  a  great  cause.  She  was  one  who  loves 
peace,  but  who  goes  forth  to  war  in  order  to  return  again  to  enjoy  a  larger 
and  more  perfect  peace. 

Rochester  (N.  Y.)  Union  and  Advertiser:  The  death  of  Susan  B.  Anthony 
brings  to  its  close  the  remarkable  career  of  a  world-famous  woman,  a  career 
without  a  parallel.  The  more  carefully  that  career  is  considered  the  greater  it 
appears.  It  is  remarkable  not  only  for  the  extraordinary  amount  of  work 
accomplished  by  Miss  Anthony,  but  for  the  unique  character  of  that  work  and 
for  the  indomitable  perseverance  with  which  it  was  prosecuted  in  the  face  of 
most  disheartening  obstacles  through  a  long  period,  even  to  the  close  of  her 
eighty-sixth  year. 

In  considering  the  life  and  work  of  Miss  Anthony  what  impresses  one  most 
is  her  great  strength  of  character.  This  compels  the  admiration  of  all,  even  of 
those  who  have  not  shared  her  enthusiasm  for  the  cause  to  which  she  devoted 
her  energies.  We  say  "the  cause"  for  the  reason  that,  although  Miss  Anthony 
was  a  leader  in  advocating  many  causes,  reform  of  our  educational  system, 
temperance,  emancipation  of  the  slaves,  there  was  yet  one  cause  to  which  she 
was  chiefly  devoted  and  with  which  she  will  ever  be  identified,  that  of  woman 
suffrage.  This  cause  has  had  many  advocates,  but.  by  them  Miss  Anthony  was 
recognized  as  their  leader.  She  lost  no  opportunity  of  championing  that  cause. 
If  she  were  addressing  a  public  meeting  on  a  topic  entirely  foreign  to  it  she 
could  be  depended  on  to  work  in  an  argument  in  favor  of  woman  suffrage. 
Often  this  was  accomplished  with  a  single  shaft  of  irony;  but  that  shaft  was 
made  to  "go  home"  with  telling  effect.  Although  Miss  Anthony  did  not  live  to 
see  the  triumph  of  her  favorite  cause  in  her  own  State  she  saw  it  victorious  in 
several  States.  She  had  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  her  labors  in  its  be- 
.jialf  had  not  been  barren  of  results. 

I  Miss  Anthony's  advocacy  of  woman's  rights  was  by  no  means  confined  to 
/  work  for  the  suffrage.  She  fought  and  won  many  a  fight  for  rights  that  had 
i  been  denied  to  women ;  by  her  personal  efforts  she  secured  many  changes  in 
.the  legal  status  of  women  in  this  and  other  States,  and  in  each  instance  to 
^< their  advantage;  but  she  believed  that  the  ballot  was  the  weapon  needed  to 
''secure  their  full  rights,  and  therefore  for  that  she  made  her  great  fight 

Miss  Anthony  had  a  striking  personality  which  was  impressive  or  winning 
according  to  occasion.  By  her,  appeal  of  the  suffering  was  never  denied,  no 
matter  what  the  reputation  of  the  applicant.  The  unfortunate  girl  or  woman, 
cast  out  by  society  as  unclean,  fottnd  in  her  beneficent  nature  solace  and  com- 
fort, and  never  did  she  know  the  time  that  she  was  embarrassed  by  the  appli- 
cation for  advice  or  assistance  of  any  one,  no  matter  what  the  person's  char- 
acter. She  was  a  woman  of  great  strength  of  mind,  persistent  against  what 
she  was  convinced  was  wrong  and  for  what  she  believed  to  be  right,  and  yet 
feminine  to  a  degree.  In  her  the  world  saw  a  remarkable  combination  of 
qualities,  those  of  a  woman  who  was  always  womanly  and  those  of  a  leader 
in  thought,  not  only  a  leader  among  women  but  one  who  held  her  own  with 
the  leaders  of  men.  As  a  public  speaker  she  was  interesting  and  forceful.  She 
had  a  good  voice  which  she  used  effectively,  and  her  talk  was  always  to  the 
point.    She  made  a  strong  argument.    In  debate  she  was  keen,  ready-witted 


1524  APi'EXDIX. 

end  ever  pre]Mired  to  meet  and  bear  down  oppositioii.  Her  conversation  was 
interesting  and  attractive.  Her  sympathy  was  easily  awakened  where  it  was 
deserved. 

Miss  Anthony  was  one  of  the  great  women  of  the  world.  That  fact  has 
long  been  recognized.    Her  fame  will  endnre. 

Rochester  (N.  Y.)  Post  Express:  (Referring  to  the  famous  trial  for  vot- 
ing) :  Then  a  remarkable  thing  occurred.  Although  a  Judge  is  not  presumed 
to  make  up  his  mind  until  counsel  has  been  heard,  no  sooner  had  Mr.  Seldcn 
concluded,  than  Justice  Hunt  drew  from  his  breast  pocket  an  elaborate  written 
opinion,  which  he  proceeded  to  read.  He  held,  and  very  justly,  that  Miss 
Anthony  had  no  right  to  vote,  and  was  not  to  be  excused  by  the  plea  of 
ignorance ;  but  he  then  declared  that  there  was  no  question  for  the  considera- 
tion of  the  jury;  he  refused  to  allow  Miss  Anthony's  counsel  to  address  the 
jury;  and  he  directed  the  jury  to  return  a  verdict  of  guilty!  Mr.  Selden  in- 
sisted that  this  direction  was  one  "which  no  court  had  a  right  to  give  in  a 
criminal  case",  but  the  clerk,  under  the  direction  of  the  Judge  said :  "Gentle- 
men of  the  jury,  barken  to  your  verdict  as  the  court  hath  recorded  it:  Yon 
say  you  find  the  defendant  guilty  of  the  offense  charged ;  so  say  you  alL"  No 
answer  was  made  by  any  of  them;  neither  by  word  nor  sign  did  a  single  jury- 
man indicate  his  concurrence.  Mr.  Selden  asked  that  the  jury  be  polled. 
"That  cannot  be  allowed,"  said  the  Court,  and  added :  "Gentlemen  of  the  jury, 
you  are  discharged."  Whereupon  the  jurymen  left  the  box.  Miss  Anthony 
then  made  a  speech,  which  the  Court  endeavored  to  interrupt  and  prevent  and 
then  sentenced  her  to  pay  "a  fine  of  $100  and  the  costs  of  the  prosecution." 
Then  Miss  Anthony  replied,  "I  shall  never  pay  a  dollar  of  your  unjust  pen- 
alty." Justice  Hunt  amiably  remarked,  "Madam,  the  court  will  not  order  you 
committed  until  your  fine  is  paid."  There  were  a  great  many  things  that  Mr. 
Justice  Hunt  did  not  know,  but  among  the  things  he  did  know  was  this,  that 
if  he  committed  Miss  Anthony  for  failure  to  pay  her  fine,  her  counsel  would 
procure  a  writ  of  habeas  corpus  and  bring  before  another  court  the  lawfulness 
of  a  conviction  without  a  jury. 

Miss  Anthony,  of  course,  never  paid  either  the  fine  or  the  costs  of  prosecu- 
tion, and  no  appeal  was  ever  taken.  Great  indignation  was  aroused  by  this 
treatment  of  Miss  Anthony.  .  .  .  More  than  twenty  years  went  by  before  the 
highest  judicial  tribunal  in  the  country  had  occasion  to  pass  upon  the  question 
involved  in  this  case,  and  it  then  said,  all  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States  concurring :  "It  is  not  competent  for  the  Court  in  a  crim- 
inal case,  to  instruct  the  jury  peremptorily  to  find  the  accused  guilty  of  the 
offense  charged,  or  of  any  criminal  offense  less  than  that  charged."  It  was 
always  believed  by  Miss  Anthony  and  her  friends  that  no  jury  would  have 
convicted  her,  and  the  only  reasonable  explanation  of  the  extraordinary  con- 
duct of  Justice  Hunt,  so  emphatically  condemned  by  the  Supreme  Court  at  the 
first  opportunity,  was  that  he  thought  so  too,  and  accordingly  resolved  to  con- 
vict her  himself!  It  was  one  of  the  greatest  judicial  outrages  ever  perpetrated 
in  this  country,  and  though  Miss  Anthony  did  not  have  the  right  to  vote,  it 
was  a  question  for  the  jury,  not  the  Judge,  to  decide.* 

»  Rochester  (N.  Y.)  Evening  Times,  page  1425. 


APPENDIX.  1525 

New  York  Tribune:  During  most  of  her  long  and  active  career  Susan  B. 
Anthony  suffered  a  certain  injustice  in  being  in  the  public  mind  conspicuously, 
if  not  exclusively,  associated  with  a  single  cause,  and  that  not  a  victorious  one^ 
while  her  successful  and  beneficent  achievements  in  other  directions  were 
largely  ignored  or  forgotten.  We  do  not  know  that  she  in  the  least  resented 
such  injustice,  or  that  she  paid  it  sufficient  attention  to  be  more  than  sub- 
consciously aware  of  it.  Indeed,  she  was  for  the  last  third  of  a  century  so 
much  absorbed  in  that  one  cause  that  she  was  probably  quite  willing  to  be 
thought  of  solely  as  connected  with  it  to  the  neglect  of  everything  else.  Equal 
suffrage  for  women  had  become  the  Alpha  and  Omega  of  her  benevolent  am- 
bition, and  she  was  its  chief  protagonist.  As  such  she  was  unsurpassed  in 
ability,  in  efficiency,  in  the  influence  which  she  exerted  and  in  the  respect 
which  her  character  and  demeanor  commanded. 

The  wisdom  of  the  end  she  sought,  after  she  had  made  suffrage  at  least 
apparently  that  end,  is  questioned  by  many  even  of  her  own  sex.  But  there 
can  be  no  doubt  that  the  agitation  and  discussion  which  she  aroused  and  so 
viogorously  sustained  have  been  productive  of  much  good,  and  that  her  labors 
have  already  been  crowned  with  greater  success  than  may  appear  in  a  super- 
ficial view  of  the  case.  She  was  not,  it  is  true,  able  to  keep  the  world  "male" 
out  of  the  Fourteenth  Amendment  to  the  Constitution  nor  to  get  Congress  to 
enact  a  national  woman  suffrage  law.  But  she  lived  to  see,  largely  through 
her  efforts,  equal  suffrage  granted  to  women  in  four  States  and  a  large  though 
not  complete  measure  of  suffrage  in  various  other  States.  She  secured  for 
married  women  in  New  York  and  elsewhere  the  right  to  hold  and  dispose  of 
property,  the  possession  and  use  of  their  own  earnings,  the  guardianship  of 
their  children  and  many  other  things  which  are  now  approved  as  a  matter  of 
course  and  the  denial  of  which  would  at  the  present  time  seem  reversion  to 
barbarism,  yet  which  were  denied,  when  she  began  her  long  campaign. 
^  On  the  ground  of  these  real  achievements  the  fame  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  is 
secure,  and  the  lasting  gratitude  is  assured,  not  only  of  women  who  profit  from 
her  labors,  but  equally  of  all  right  thinking  men  who  perceive  in  the  moral, 
intellectual  and  social  enfranchisement  of  women  an  essential  and  command- 
ing factor  in  the  advancement  and  elevation  of  the  human  race.  The  co-edu- 
cation of  the  sexes  may  or  may  not  be  carried  as  far  as  she  would  have  had  it 
The  equal  right  with  men  to  vote  and  to  hold  office,  for  which  she  so  earnestly 
contended,  may  never  be  universally  granted.  What  is  certain  is  that  Amer- 
ican womanhood  and  the  American  people  have  in  this  last  half-century  re- 
ceived a  great  uplifting  toward  purity,  intelligence  and  justice,  and  that  be- 
cause of  her  prominent  and  effective  participation  in  that  work  Susan  B. 
Anthony  is  to  be  remembered  with  respect  and  gratitude. 

New  York  Sun:  In  Susan  B.  Anthony  has  passed  away  a  woman  who  more 
than  any  other  member  of  her  sex  personified  the  movement  for  Woman's 
Rights.  Her  last  days  were  cheered  by  the  retrospect  of  a  long,  useful  and 
honorable  life.  ...  It  is  now  hard  to  realize  the  extent  to  which  sixty  years 
ago,  in  England  and  the  United  States,  woman  was  the  subject  of  unjust 
discrimination  under  the  common  and  statute  law.    It  was  then  not  only  cus- 


1526  APPENDIX. 

tomary  bat  legal  for  a  husband  to  use  his  wife's  property  as  he  pleased  As 
Miss  Anthony  herself  reminded  us  not  long  ago,  if  a  man  failed,  his  creditors 
used  to  attach  his  wife's  property  and  often  took  away  from  her  everything 
she  possessed.  Frequently  also  when  a  woman  was  toiling  to  support  her  lit- 
tle ones  her  husband  or  one  of  his  creditors  would  collect  her  earnings  and 
send  her  home  penniless  to  her  starving  household.  The  father,  not  the 
mother,  had  the  right  of  custody  over  children.  Now,  on  the  other  hand,  not 
only  in  New  York,  but  in  many  another  State  of  the  Union  the  law  gives  a 
married  woman  not  merely  the  right  to  her  own  earnings  but  also  the  guard- 
ianship of  her  children.  Indeed,  in  New  York  legislation  has  improved  so 
signally  the  status  of  a  married  woman  that,  according  to  a  familiar  saying, 
what  is  her  husband's  is  hers,  and  what  is  hers  is  her  own.  For  the  amazing 
change  that  has  been  effected  in  this  particular  during  the  last  half-century 
American  married  women  are  more  indebted  to  Susan  B.  Anthony  than  to  any 
other  member  of  their  sex. 

If  we  survey  Miss  Anthon/s  life  as  a  whole  we  must  recognize  that  she  ac- 
complished a  vast  amount  of  solid,  durable  and  beneficent  work.  She  may  be 
looked  upon  as  the  Moses  of  the  movement  for  Woman's  Rights.  She  brought 
her  sex  out  of  the  Wilderness,  wherein  for  centuries  they  had  been  subject  to 
grave  legal  disabilities  and  to  an  unfair  disbarment  from  educational  and  pro- 
fessional opportunities.  Even  as  regards  equality  of  political  rights  she 
brought  her  sisters  to  the  border  of  the  promised  land. 

New  York  Evening  Posi:^  Yesterday's  well-deserved  tributes  to  Susan  B. 
Anthony  mark,  for  one  thing,  the  complete  change  in  the  public  attitude  toward 
that  estimable  woman.  Originally  portrayed  as  a  monster  whose  sole  thought 
was  to  have  her  sex  imitate  men  and  to  destroy  all  of  woman's  attractions  by 
making  her  coarse  and  masculine,  Miss  Anthony  has  lived  to  see  widespread 
recognition  of  her  own  personal  charms  and  high-mindedness,  together  with 
an  understanding  that  the  cause  she  represents  is  more  and  more  bound  up 
with  the  economic  progress  of  woman.  When  Miss  Anthony  began  her  labors 
there  were  comparatively  few  women  in  industrial  life,  and  an  appreciation  of 
the  housewife  as  an  economic  worker  was  still  lacking.  Today  the  presence 
of  the  woman  laborer  in  all  but  four  lines  of  work  now  occupied  by  men  has 
given  to  the  suffrage  movement  an  entirely  different  footing.  This  must  be 
admitted  by  friends  and  opponents  alike.  The  rapidly  growing  movement  for 
the  organization  of  women's  labor  unions  is  another  expression  of  a  desire  to 
be  represented  in  the  Government,  or  at  least  to  influence  legislation,  which 
cannot  be  ignored  or  laughed  away  in  the  old  fashion.  Whatever  may  be  the 
fate  of  the  woman  suffrage  movement  one  thing  is  certain :  Susan  B.  Anthony 
will  always  be  remembered  as  one  of  its  patron  saints,  with  about  all  the  at- 
tributes which  should  make  for  canonization. 

Same :    The  death  of  Miss  Anthony  is  sad  only  in  that  it  is  the  passing  of  a 

*This  editorial  was  written  just  after  the  celebration  of  Miss  Anthony's  eighty-sixth 
birthday  in  New  York  three  weeks  before  her  death.  It  was  read  to  her  and  she  was 
pleased  at  its  progressive  tone. 


APPENDIX.  1527 

reformer  who  did  not  survive  to  see  her  cause  triumph.  She  lived  long  enough 
to  see  a  great  change  in  public  sentiment  toward  that  cause  and  toward  herself, 
and  to  receive  many  testimonials  of  high  regard  even  from  those  who  failed  to 
agree  with  her  in  her  lifelong  contention.  The  suffrage  cause  is  now  entrusted 
to  the  second  generation.  Miss  Anthony  was  almost  the  last  of  the  original 
group  of  suffragists  which  included  among  others,  Lucy  Stone,  Elizabeth  Cady 
Stanton,  William  Lloyd  Garrison  and  Lucretia  Mott,  and  like  them  she  aided 
in  the  righting  of  many  wrongs  while  engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  her  main  ob- 
ject. Abolitionists  they  all  were;  through  their  unceasing  efforts  have  come 
not  merely  the  opening  of  the  professions  to  women  and  an  entire  change  in 
the  legal  status  of  the  sex,  but  the  advancement  of  the  temperance  and  peace 
movements  as  well.  Few  American  men  have  lived  more  useful  lives  than 
Miss  Anthony;  yet  it  was  her  fate  to  be  politically  classed  to  the  end  with 
Indians,  criminals,  the  feeble-minded  and  the  insane. 

New  York  Daily  News:  A  life  as  perfectly  rounded  as  womanly  woman 
can  conceive  has  been  garnered  into  Immortality. 

A  woman  as  typical  of  the  sweet  and  gracious  and  adorable  virtues  of  the 
American  ideal  as  ever  lived  has  signed  her  name  to  a  legacy  wherein  the  en- 
tirety of  American  womanhood  are  joint  heirs. 

Permitted  to  exceed  the  benign  allotment  by  over  a  decade-and-a-half,  this 
soul  has  laid  down  the  potential  weapons  of  Right  and  Equity  as  her  concep- 
tions defined  them,  and  has  not  left  one  blot  upon  the  copy-book  of  her  life, 
not  one  erasure,  not  one  blunder,  not  one  mistake. 

Susan  B.  Anthony  was  supremely  greater  than  her  cause.  Had  she  not  been 
she  could  not  have  kept  forever  before  it.  Her  cause  was  gigantic,  and  in 
the  evolution  of  time  we  may  realize  how  great  it  was.  But  she  knew  and 
realized  its  greatness  and  she  lived  the  knowledge  of  its  greatness ;  she  spoke 
and  worked  and  toiled  and  aspired  and  sacrificed  to  make  that  greatness  evi- 
dent by  removing  it  from  the  belittling  environments  into  which  lesser  natures 
than  hers  inclined  to  drag  it. 

For  more  than  sixty  years  this  magnificent  woman  passed  her  days  and 
nights  in  the  highways  of  Thought's  controversies,  where  womanhood  is  ex- 
posed to  austere  contacts  inclined  to  diminish  and  blunt  and  exterminate  the 
sensitive  womanly  graces.  But  public  life  developed  the  beautiful,  the  tender 
and  the  sympathetic  in  Miss  Anthony  and  at  the  recent  convention  in  Balti- 
more, when  the  ashes  of  dissolution  were  already  beginning  to  fleck  her  vigor, 
above  all  and  before  all  the  representative  women  of  America  who  thronged 
the  assemblage,  her  venerable  form,  her  placid  countenance,  her  undisturbable 
benignity,  her  exquisite  courtesy,  pervaded  the  sessions  with  such  an  inspira- 
tion that  the  halo  still  abides  in  the  memory  of  all  who  partook. 

How  true  it  is  that  the  best  we  can  pen  will  soon  or  late  fade  from  the 
inkened  page ;  but  how  equally  true  it  is  that  the  gap  left  in  life's  ensemble  by 
the  taking  off  of  such  a  nature  and  such  a  character  will  face  untold  future 
generations  and  to  them  speak  far  more  eloquently  of  the  revered  one  than 
lies  in  mortal  power  even  to  anticipate. 

New  York  Times:    To  those  who  had  the  privilege  of  knowing  Miss  An- 
Ant.  Ill— 27 


1528  APPENDIX. 

thony  at  all  well  it  was  not  easy,  even  in  the  earlier  days  of  her  active  career, 
to  explain,  and  it  was  still  less  easy  to  excuse,  the  bitterness  and  derision  with 
which  she  was  almost  universally  treated.  She  was  at  heart  one  of  the  kindest 
and  most  considerate  of  women ;  she  was  constantly  rendering  services  of  the 
most  generous  sort  without  the  least  display,  and  she  bore  the  rudeness  and 
violence  of  her  opponents,  not,  certainly,  as  suffering  fools,  patiently,  but  with 
womanly  dignity  and  high-mindedness. 

One  can  hardly  realize  now  what  she  had  to  encounter  sixty  years  ago  both 
on  account  of  the  causes  she  publicly  advocated  and  on  account  of  the  simple 
and  then  singular  fact  that  she,  a  woman,  chose  to  advocate  them  publicly. 
Slavery,  intemperance  and  unfairness  to  women  were  not  in  the  late  forties 
and  in  the  fifties  looked  upon  at  all  as  they  are  at  present  They  were  accepted 
as  the  institutions  and  customs  of  the  best  society  of  the  time,  and  any  severe 
comment  on  them  was  irritating  to  the  great  mass  of  respectable  men  and 
women.  But  that  this  comment  should  be  made  in  public,  in  speech  and  in 
print,  by  a  woman,  and  especially  by  one  who  for  a  time  wore  unconventional 
and  unbecoming  clothes,  shocked  the  general  sense  of  propriety  to  a  degree 
we  can  hardly  even  understand  and  with  which  we  cannot  at  all  sympathize. 
In  regard  to  all  these  things  there  has  been  change  amounting  to  revolution. 
Slavery  is  abolished  and  almost  forgotten.  Intemperance  is  greatly  lessened, 
and  the  inequalities  of  woman's  status  before  the  law  are  practically  done  away 
with  except  in  the  matter  of  suffrage,  and  as  to  that  there  has  been  such  seri- 
ous modification  that  women  could  probably  have  the  vote  at  any  time  that 
they  really  demanded  it 

New  York  Transcript:  The  first  cry  of  Miss  Anthony  and  her  colaborers 
was  for  the  ballot  as  a  means  to  open  the  door  for  women  everywhere  and  to 
safeguard  the  privileges  to  be  secured.  Primarily  the  ballot  was  demanded 
for  woman  herself  and  but  incidentally  for  the  good  of  society.  Having  won 
for  herself  a  high  place  among  the  forceful  elements  of  society  in  spite  of  her 
political  disfranchisement,  woman  may  hope  one  day  to  be  invited  to  share 
the  full  responsibilities  and  duties  of  citizenship  for  the  perfection  of  civic 
government  This  is  the  land  of  promise  now  before  the  sex  which  Susan  B. 
Anthony  fought  to  enfranchise  and  which  she  really  emancipated  from  the 
shackles  of  prejudice  and  unjust  laws.  Like  Moses,  she  died  in  sight  of  the 
prize,  and  in  inspired  moments  her  worn  and  fainting  soul  must  have  been 
illumined  with  the  thought  that  the  ballot  she  so  long  and  so  fearlessly  sued 
for  as  woman's  private  right  would  one  day  be  assumed  with  dignity  as 
woman's  public  duty. 

New  York  Commercial:  It  is  one  of  the  paradoxical  facts  of  American  life 
that  its  married  women  are  more  indebted  to  the  late  Susan  B.  Anthony, 
spinster,  for  lightening  their  grave  legal  disabilities  than  to  any  married  per- 
son in  the  world.  To  every  informed  wife  possessed  of  independent  property 
there  should  come  at  this  time  not  only  genuine  sorrow  at  the  loss  that  the 
world  sustains  in  the  death  of  a  forceful  and  original  thinker  and  a  worker  in 
great  reforms,  but  especial  gratefulness  for  the  work  done  by  Miss  Anthony 
in  securing  to  all  her  sex  legal  rights  long  withheld;  and  such  hearing  and 


APPENDIX.  1529 

standing  in  all  matters  where  women's  influence,  vote  and  counsels  are  lacking 
and  sorely  needed  as  shall  accomplish  reforms  of  future  pith  and  moment 
That  Miss  Anthony  lived  to  see  so  many  of  her  dreams  realized  and  her  ex- 
amples emulated  is  a  satisfaction  that  many  men  as  well  as  women  shared 
with  her. 

New  York  Evening  Journal:  Without  the  pioneering  of  such  women  as 
Miss  Anthony  there  would  have  been  no  place  today  for  the  "new  woman"  in 
business  and  the  professions.  The  results  she  most  figured  upon  have  not 
been  secured,  but  a  greater  cause  has  been  won,  for  women  today  are  free  from 
the  entanglements  of  prejudice,  they  are  out  of  the  narrow  rut  that  encom- 
passed them  when  their  cause  was  first  championed  and  they  are  now  on  the 
high  road  that  leads  to  even  greater  distinction  and  greater  power  than  if  they 
had  been  allowed  the  freedom  of  the  ballot  with  all  of  its  lurking  dangers. 

But  best  of  all  Miss  Anthony  lived  to  be  respected  and  loved  by  people  who 
once  criticized  without  stint  Three-score  years  is  a  long  time  to  remain  in 
the  eyes  of  the  public,  but  during  all  those  long  years  she  was  always  working 
for  the  same  cause  and  to  the  same  end.  She  was  as  great  a  leader  among 
women  as  could  have  been  found  during  that  time  among  men,  with  a  few 
notable  exceptions.  It  is  an  omen  of  good  for  her  sex  that  during  all  these 
years  she  remained  true  to  herself,  that  she  won  friends  among  and  the  re- 
spect of  the  greatest  statesmen  of  her  day.  At  the  ripe  old  age  of  eighty-six 
she  goes  from  her  sphere  of  usefulness,  but  she  leaves  behind  a  record  that, 
blended  with  time,  makes  her  one  of  the  most  earnest  and  useful  women  of 
her  age. 

/ 
%  I  New  York  Mail:  Susan  B.  Anthony  did  not,  in  fifty-four  years  of  hard 
««  work,  succeed  in  winning  the  ballot  for  women,  except  as  her  agitation  may 
have  been  instrumental  in  obtaining  it  in  three  or  four  Western  States.  But 
her  energetic  leadership  and  the  example  of  her  uncompromising  adherence  to 
an  unclouded  ideal  have  been  potent  in  bringing  about  the  immense  improve- 
ment that  has  taken  place  in  the  position  of  women  under  the  laws,  in  this 
country.  .  .  .  Since  the  first  woman's  rights  convention  met  in  the  year  1848; 
the  position  of  women  has  been  made  over.  And  to  a  very  considerable  extent 
the  heroic  figure  of  the  gifted,  tireless  and  dauntless  spinster  of  Rochester  has 
been  the  power  behind  the  transformation. 

New  York  Globe:  If  time  softened  the  acerbity  of  this  glorious  old  maid 
toward  the  public,  it  also  softened  the  temper  of  the  public  toward  her.  While 
her  views  were  not  altogether  accepted,  she  saw  them  command  respect.  The 
era  of  ridicule,  of  cat-calling,  of  vegetable-throwing  has  long  been  over.  Her 
career  illustrates  again  what  a  life  devoted  to  a  single  idea  can  accomplish — 
how  much  of  dynamics  there  is  in  actually  knowing,  not  merely  believing,  that 
you  are  right. 

New  York  German  Herald:  Susan  B.  Anthony  deserves  a  monument  from 
the  women  of  this  generation.  She  it  is  who  has  brought  it  to  pass  that  the 
entire  marriage  law  has  been  so  changed  that  it  has  become  an  axiom  that 
"what  is  the  husband's  is  also  the  wife's — ^what  is  the  wife's  is  her  own."   .   .  . 


1530  APPENDIX. 

Miss  Anthony  contributed  more  than  any  other  person  toward  revolution- 
izing the  conditions  of  life  and  self-support  of  women  in  America.  She  was 
the  Moses  who  freed  women  from  "slavery"  and  the  flesh-pots  of  Egypt 
Whether  the  entire  change  in  the  material  conditions  of  women  has  not  rad- 
ically changed  their  moral  condition — ^*'that  is  another  story." 

New  York  Stoats  Zeitung:  Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  eighty-six-year-old  re- 
former who  has  just  died  was  a  courageous  and  also  a  tolerant  woman,  though 
she  stood  for  ideas  which  in  German  circles  especially,  and  particularly  in 
those  of  our  adopted  German  citizens,  found  their  most  vehement  opponents. 

She  was  a  notable  champion  of  woman  suffrage  in  this  country  and  in  Eu- 
rope. She  began  her  agitation  when  the  name  of  Susan  Brownell  Anthony  and 
her  aim  were  the  stock  subjects  for  poor  jokes  and  for  derision  of  the  "new" 
woman,  as  people  then  loved  to  call  the  one  who  strove  for  equality  of  rights 
— and  that  is  not  so  very  many  years  ago. 

Today  Susan  B.  Anthony  is  respected  even  by  those  who  do  not  agree  with 
her.  Even  in  "old-fashioned"  Germany,  with  its  ideas  of  woman  as  nothing 
more  than  the  quiet  house-wife,  the  timid  servant  of  the  lord  of  creation,  she 
is  honored,  and  when  the  Emperor  and  Empress,  at  the  time  of  her  visit  to 
Berlin  two  years  ago,  greeted  her  with  high  honors,  she  became  even  "fash- 
ionable" there,  where  people  up  to  that  time  had  looked  down  with  scorn  and 
derision  upon  the  "masculine  woman."   .   .   . 

She  devoted  her  long,  pure  life  to  one  thought,  and  she  lived  to  see  women 
fully  enfranchised  in  the  States  of  Wyoming,  Utah,  Colorado  and  Idaho.  But 
she  had  also  to  live  to  see  that  even  in  these  States,  politics  was  not  changed 
hy  the  votes  of  the  women,  who,  on  the  contrary,  followed  in  the  footsteps  of 
the  male  politicians.  In  all  these  States  the  fully  enfranchised  woman  has 
proven  that  her  influence  is  not  for  the  betterment  of  political  conditions,  and 
but  few  women,  except  those  in  the  professions,  have  thought  it  worth  their 
while  to  make  use  of  this  right  which  cost  so  much  to  gain. 

But  though  Miss  Anthony  is  best  known  as  the  champion  of  the  unpopular 
cause  of  woman's  enfranchisement — ^whether  in  America,  in  England  or  in 
Continental  Europe— her  life-work  has  not  been  in  vain,  even  from  the  stand- 
point of  those  who  do  not  agree  with  her.  To  her  more  than  to  any  other 
woman,  is  due  the  fact  that  woman  today  occupies  a  changed,  a  more  inde- 
pendent position  and  one  of  more  dignity.  When  she  commenced  her  work 
she  found  woman  wholly  absorbed  in  her  household,  troubling  herself  but 
little  concerning  any  of  the  great  questions  of  the  day — ^leaving  willingly  to 
man  the  mental  problems,  the  activities  and  the  contests  of  life. 

At  the  hour  of  her  death  she  saw  woman,  (whether  believing  in  the  suffrage 
or  not),  claiming  the  right  to  participate  in  public  work,  in  the  arts,  the  sci- 
ences, in  commercial  life;  claiming  tfie  right  to  support  herself  either  when 
driven  to  it  by  circumstances  or  from  personal  choice — and  no  one  now  objects 
so  long  as  she  remains  a  woman  and  does  not  pass  those  bounds  set  by  custom 
and  by  nature.  That  this  revolution,  this  dream  of  thirty  years  ago,  has  become 
a  reality,  women  owe  chiefly  to  Susan  B.  Anthony,  and  for  this  reason  even 
those  who  do  not  agree  with  her  on  other  points  may  think  of  her  lovingly. 


APPENDIX.  1 53 1 

New  York  Searchlight:  In  truth  it  would  require  several  volumes  to  tell  in 
all  its  variety  the  tale  of  Miss  Anthony's  participation  in  that  one  great  and 
prolonged  struggle  which  enlisted  her  very  best  endeavor — the  cause  of  woman 
suffrage.  She  entered  into  it  braving  the  flouts  that  came  from  women  as  well 
as  from  men ;  she  led  in  the  winning  of  its  victories.   .   .   . 

She  was  a  womanly  woman.  Her  entire  life  was  a  refutation  of  the  ancient 
argument  against  the  woman  suffrage  movement,  to  the  effect  that  participa- 
tion in  public  affairs  would  unsex  a  woman.  She  possessed  the  domestic  spirit 
in  a  very  large  degree  and  her  home  life  has  been  described  as  full  of  sweet- 
ness, the  useful  handicrafts  of  an  old-fashioned  Quaker  household  and  the 
exercise  of  a  gracious  hospitality  affording  her  rest  from  public  labors. 

New  York  World:  Susan  B.  Anthony  has  died  full  of  years  and  of  such 
honors  as  the  world  at  last  found  itself  compelled  to  pay  to  womanly  courage. 
She  could  not  live  to  see  the  right  to  vote  granted  to  the  women  of  America 
nor  even  to  see  a  majority  of  them  demanding  it.  But  she  far  outlived  the 
time  when  the  answers  to  her  arguments  took  the  form  of  abusive  words  and 
pictures  and  even  to  mob  violence;  and  she  saw  extended  to  her  sisters  the 
school  suffrage  in  twenty-four  States,  full  suffrage  in  four  and  a  partial  munic- 
ipal suffrage  in  several  others.  The  story  of  Miss  Anthony's  life  is  the  history 
of  the  woman's  rights  movement  in  this  country  for  more  than  fifty  years. 

The  Worker,  (New  York)  :  Although  Miss  Anthony  was  not  a  Socialist, 
we  Socialists  cannot  refrain  from  paying  her  honor,  for  she  was  a  brave 
woman  who  honestly  devoted  her  life  to  a  g^eat  cause— only  an  integral  part 
of  our  Socialist  program,  indeed,  but  still  great  even  by  itself. 

William  M.  Ivins,  (New  York)  :  She  was  among  the  noblest,  the  best  and 
the  most  wonderfully  balanced  women  of  the  world.  She  began  life  as  a 
teacher  and  she  ended  life  as  a  teacher,  and  none  ever  did  her  duty  more 
thoroughly.  Had  she  been  a  man  she  would  have  taken  off  her  hat  in  the 
presence  of  no  one  except  Cvod. 

World's  Work,  (New  York) :  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  gentle  and  un- 
tiring agitator  for  woman  suffrage,  long  outlived  the  absurd  and  cheap  ridicule 
that  for  a  generation  was  heaped  on  her  as  a  representative  of  a  once  very 
unpopular  movement.  She  was  as  unselfish  and  unwearying  an  apostle  of 
woman  suffrage  as  any  civic  or  even  any  religious  movement  has  had  in  mod- 
em times.  And  she  had  lived  to  see  many  beneficial  changes  in  the  legal  status 
of  women,  which  may  be  traced  indirectly  to  the  movement  for  suffrage ;  she 
had  seen  her  cause  win  many  converts  among  men  of  great  influence ;  she  had 
lived,  therefore,  what  may,  from  a  personal  point  of  view,  be  regarded  as  a  tri- 
umphant life ;  for  she  had  the  joy  of  complete  devotion  to  a  great  cause,  and 
she  won  the  respect  of  all  the  world  and  the  hearty  admiration  of  a  large  part 
of  it 

Harper^s  Weekly,  (New  York)  :  ...  If  it  had  been  practicable  to  bestow 
the  suffrage  upon  women  like  Miss  Anthony  who  wanted  it,  without  imposing 
voter's  obligations  on  the  rest  of  the  women,  no  doubt  it  would  have  been 


1532  APPENDIX. 

done  long  ago.  That,  however,  would  by  no  means  have  appeased  Miss  An- 
thony, whose  interest  was  not  in  getting  the  voting  privilege  for  herself  but 
in  arousing  the  spunk  and  promoting  the  mastery  of  all  womankind. 

What  Miss  Anthony  thought  of  men,  or  that  she  ever  took  much  thought 
about  them  except  as  inconvenient  but  indispensable  supplements  to  women, 
we  do  not  know,  nor  does  it  matter.  She  was  one  of  the  bravest  figures  of 
her  generation,  and  outliving  and  outfighting  the  ridicule  and  disparagement 
that  met  her  early  demands,  she  came  to  be  honored  as  her  single-minded 
courage  deserved,  and  in  her  later  years  to  be  affectionately  regarded  by  thou- 
sands of  observers  who  did  not  share  her  views.  When  she  died  she  was  by 
very  much  the  most  distinguished  citizen  of  Rochester.  Perhaps  they  will  set 
ap  her  statue  there  some  day. 

The  Outlook,  (New  York):  Miss  Anthony  has  been,  on  the  whole,  the 
most  prominent  leader  in  the  woman  suffrage  movement,  and  has  been  before 
the  public  a  full  half-century.  She  has  spoken  in  almost  all  parts  of  the  United 
States,  and  until  within  a  very  few  months  retained  her  vigor  of  body,  and 
until  the  end  her  vigor  of  mind.  For  many  years  she  passed  through  a  con- 
stant storm  of  ridicule  and  sometimes  of  abuse;  and  her  angular  figure  and 
face  lent  themselves  easily  to  caricature.  She  looked  the  typical  woman  suf- 
fragist of  the  popular  imagination  of  forty  years  ago;  she  was,  on  the  con- 
trary, a  woman  of  a  great  deal  of  charm  of  nature.  Vivacious,  overflowing 
with  humor,  kindly  and  singularly  unselfish,  her  hand,  her  means,  and  her 
thought  were  always  at  the  command  of  the  cause  she  loved  and  the  people 
in  whom  she  was*  interested.  Miss  Anthony's  life  was  a  long  devotion ;  and 
whatever  may  be  thought  of  the  cause  to  which  she  gave  the  greater  part  of  it, 
no  one  can  question  its  entire  consecration,  its  penetration  by  the  highest 
ethical  impulses,  its  unfailing  courage  and  its  unshaken  faith.  As  an  advocate 
of  an  unpopular  cause  she  was  indefatigably  earnest  and  persuasive,  appealing 
to  reason  rather  than  using  gifts  of  eloquence  in  which  she  was  easily  sur- 
passed by  many  of  her  co-workers.  She  was  quick  and  adroit  in  statement 
and  always  in  command  of  her  intellectual  resources.  She  never  seemed  to 
harbor  any  resentment  toward  those  who  heaped  ridicule  upon  her;  and  she 
had  a  delightful  way  of  recalling  with  touches  of  humor,  experiences  which 
must  have  been  very  disagreeable  at  the  time.  She  was  a  bom  individualist, 
quite  willing  to  stand  alone  and  perhaps  preferring  to  do  so ;  but  she  was  the 
servant  of  her  ideas  and  the  trustee  of  all  her  gifts.  That  she  was  mistaken 
in  the  main  contention  of  her  later  years  The  Outlook  believes ;  that  she  was 
influential  in  removing  many  disabilities  from  women  and  opening  new  fields 
for  their  activity  is  beyond  question. 

Leslie's  Weekly  (New  York)  :  In  greater  degree,  perhaps,  than  any  other 
individual  is  the  late  Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  famous  champion  of  woman's 
rights,  to  be  credited  with  that  wcmderful  enlargement  of  the  feminine  sphere 
of  activity  which  marked  the  last  half-century.  Of  the  many  workers  in  the 
cause  with  which  she  was  identified,  she  the  most  completely  gave  to  it  her  life 
and  energies,  displaying  an  intensity  of  conviction,  a  courage  and  a  persistence 
that  stamped  her  as  its  most  typical  leader. 


APPENDIX.  1533 

Vogue  (New  York)  :  For  fifty  years  Miss  Anthony  carried  on  a  warfare  for 
distinctly  unfashionable  projects.  Bitterly  opposed  to  her,  until  the  last  years 
of  her  life,  were  the  press,  the  pulpit  and  the  fashionable  world,  and  yet,  save 
in  the  bringing  to  pass  in  this  country  of  universal  suffrage  for  women,  this 
woman  of  the  people  triumphed  all  along  the  line,  and  her  death  was  made  the 
occasion  of  extensive  and  appreciative  comment  in  the  leading  papers  of  the 
metropolis  and  the  country.  Her  old  time  insulter,  the  press,  completely 
changed  its  point  of  view;  the  pulpit  and  society  did  not,  however,  register 
their  change  of  opinion.  Her  glorious  campaigns  in  behalf  of  enslaved  white 
womanhood  and  the  negro  bondswoman  and  bondsman,  were  not  dignified  by 
either  forty  vice-presidents  or  a  list  of  fashionable  patronesses.  On  the  con- 
trary she  was  reviled  by  all  the  great  forces  that  make  public  opinion,  and 
by  the  mob  generally.  A  refined,  sensitive,  educated  gentlewoman,  burning 
with  a  holy  zeal  for  the  women  of  this  and  other  States — ^who,  fifty  years  ago, 
were  practically  without  any  legal  rights  to  their  inherited  property,  their  earn- 
ings or  their  children — Miss  Anthony  went  through  the  cruel  experience— for 
her  a  veritable  torture— of  having  herself,  her  associates  and  the  just  demands 
they  were  presenting,  reviled  in  the  coarsest  possible  terms  by  nearly  every 
public  spokesman.  Dear  to  her,  as  to  any  of  us,  was  the  good  opinion  of  her 
fellow  human  beings,  but  when  the  choice  had  to  be  made  between  general  ap- 
probation and  the  obloquy  that  was  the  inevitable  concomitant  of  leadership, 
or  even  lay  advocacy,  of  such  unfashionable  reforms  as  the  recognition  of  the 
rights  of  women  teachers  to  the  privilege  of  teachers'  conventions,  or  the  co- 
education of  the  sexes,  or  the  freeing  of  the  slaves,  or  other  as  radical  changes 
for  those  days.  Miss  Anthony  unhesitatingly  chose  the  way  of  martyrdom. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  Daily  Eagle:  Miss  Anthony  is  one  of  the  women  whom 
Americans  of  this  generation  have  delighted  to  honor,  not  only  for  her  fine 
personal  character  and  for  the  charm  that  her  presence  has  radiated  through 
public  assemblies  of  women  from  one  end  of  the  country  to  the  other,  but  also 
for  the  good  she  has  accomplished.  Although  she  was  first  and  always  a 
woman  suffragist,  and  although  woman  suffrage  is  generally  believed  to  be  one 
of  the  world's  lost  causes,  admiration  and  liking  for  Miss  Anthony  were  by  no 
means  confined  to  suffragists.  Everyone  who  met  her  or  who  heard  her  on  the 
platform  was  won  by  her  honesty  and  sincerity  and  by  her  pungent  common 
sense. 

This  atmosphere  of  admiration  has  followed  Miss  Anthony  about  for  per- 
haps thirty  years,  and  it  is  very  difficult  for  a  person  who  has  come  to  mature 
life  in  that  time  to  realize  the  obloquy  which  the  sweet  and  sunny  old  woman 
bore,  and  bore  without  bitterness,  during  her  early  life.  The  revolution  in  the 
position  of  women  the  world  over,  but  especially  in  the  United  States,  was 
one  of  the  great  social  changes  wrought  by  the  nineteenth  century.  Of  that 
whole  movement  Miss  Anthony  could  have  said:  "All  of  which  I  saw  and 
much  of  which  I  was."  In  1850  when  Miss  Anthony  was  first  moving  toward  a 
public  career  as  a  lecturer,  a  married  woman  was  practically  a  chattel  of  her 
husband.  She  had  almost  no  independent  property  rights  or  any  legal  control 
over  her  children.  Wage  earning  for  women,  save  in  household  employments 
and  as  elementary  teachers  on  wretched  pay,  was  unknown.  Women  were  not 


1534  APPENDIX. 

slaves  but  that  was  not  due  to  the  law  but  to  the  fact  that  human  nature  was 
better  than  law.  The  injustice  of  this  situation  was  patent  and  it  appealed  to 
many  women  of  keen  mind  and  high  sense  of  justice.  New  England  was  full 
of  the  anti-slavery  agitation  and  it  was  a  time  of  moral  uprising  and  political 
re-alignment.  The  women  of  that  time  who  sought  to  remove  the  disabilities 
under  which  their  sex  labored  pinned  their  faith  to  suffrage  for  women.  Per- 
haps that  was  natural  in  a  country  where  the  ballot  is  the  cornerstone  of 
liberty,  and  the  logical  argument  for  woman  suffrage — especially  as  it  applies 
to  women  who  own  property  and  pay  taxes — ^is  clear  enough.  But  big  move- 
ments seldom  travel  on  strictly  logical  lines.  The  agitation  for  "woman's 
rights"  during  the  twenty  years  from  1850  brought  to  women  all  sorts  of  rights 
except  the  one  toward  which  it  was  specifically  aimed  by  the  women  who  di- 
rected it,  of  whom  Miss  Anthony  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  Property 
laws,  divorce  laws,  laws  for  the  control  of  children  and  of  wages  have  been 
liberalized  almost  to  the  revolutionary  point  by  the  agitation  in  which  Miss 
Anthony  took  such  an  active  part,  but  the  right  to  vote  remains  where  it  was, 
save  for  some  experiments  in  Western  States  which  seem  to  be  proving  less 
and  less  satisfactory  the  further  they  go. 

The  laws  in  all  our  States  giving  greater  rights  to  women  are  a  part  of 
Miss  Anthony*s  monument.  The  movement  which  has  sent  women  into  all 
sorts  of  business  careers  also  got  a  large  part  of  its  inspiration  from  her. 
Whether  that  movement  is  a  blessing  or  not  is  still  uncertain,  but  Miss  An- 
thony never  had  any  doubts  on  that  point  and  was  proud  of  her  share  of  the 
work.  .  .  .  The  leaders  of  the  "woman  movement,"  notably  Miss  Anthony 
and  her  firm  ally  and  close  friend,  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  lived  through  their 
old  age  and  died  not  merely  in  the  odor  of  sanctity  but  of  public  admiration 
and  a  widely  extended  love.  And  they  deserved  the  honors  with  which  their 
old  age  was  so  pleasantly  crowned. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  Times:  If  it  had  been  the  lot  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  to 
have  died  thirty  or  forty  years  ago,  she  would  have  left  a  name  only  to  be 
mentioned  with  ridicule  as  the  leader  of  "the  Shrieking  Sisterhood,"  a  foolish 
enthusiast  in  a  hopeless  cause.  It  may  be  that  in  the  years  that  have  intervened 
the  cause  to  which  her  life  was  mainly  devoted  has  made  no  material  advance.  It 
has  made  no  new  conquests ;  it  lacks  the  aggressive  and  resourceful  leadership 
it  once  possessed,  while  arrayed  against  it  is  an  efficient  organization  of  women 
who  are  satisfied  with  the  domestic  sovereignty  which  has  been  the  portion  of 
their  sex  during  the  ages  of  the  past  and  object  to  being  dragooned  into  the 
muddy  field  of  politics.   .   .   . 

Miss  Anthony  did  not  confine  her  activities  to  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage ; 
she  was  not  less  zealous  in  every  cause  that  she  deemed  worthy  of  her  efforts. 
She  was  strenuous  in  her  advocacy  of  temperance  reform,  and  was  one  of 
the  most  indefatigable  of  workers  in  the  cause  of  the  abolition  of  African 
slavery.  With  Whittier  she  could  say: 

"Wherever  Freedom  shivered  a  chain, 

'God  speed,'  quoth  I. 
To  Error  amid  his  shouting  train 
I  gave  the  lie." 


APPENDIX.  1535 

But  it  was  to  the  political  enfranchisement  of  women  that  her  life  was  chiefly 
devoted.  Nor,  whatever  opinions  we  may  entertain  as  to  the  desirability  of 
tempting  women  to  enter  the  political  arena,  can  it  be  denied  that  her  labors 
were  singularly  effective  in  ameliorating  the  condition  of  women  in  this  State 
and  through  the  Union;  in  removing  unjust  legal  discrimination  against  her 
sex  and  legalizing  their  individual  rights  to  property  and  other  matters  of  no 
less  importance.  The  woman  is  an  ingrate  who  fails  to  hold  the  memory  of 
this  brave,  noble,  self-sacrificing  woman  in  highest  reverence,  or  who  fails 
to  teach  her  children  to  honor  the  name  of  Susan  B.  Anthony.  Nor  should 
America  fail  to  give  due  recognition  to  her  worth  and  to  the  world-wide  honor 
which  her  life  has  reflected  upon  American  womanhood. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  Citizen:  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony,  who  died  yesterday  in 
her  eighty-sixth  year,  has  so  long  been  looked  upon  as  the  leader  of  the  move- 
ment for  female  suffrage  that  this,  rather  than  the  general  influence  exerted 
by  her  for  the  advancement  of  other  good  causes,  is  what  will  be  thought  of 
by  most  readers  of  the  newspapers  when  they  learn  of  her  death.  It  is  ques- 
tionable, however,  whether  her  best  claim  to  remembrance  is  not  to  be  found 
in  work  that  lay  somewhat  apart  from  that  to  which  so  much  of  her  time  was 
given.  However  intelligent  people  differ  in  respect  to  the  suffrage  movement, 
there  is  not  likely  to  be  any  difference  concerning  the  movements  for  the  bet- 
ter education  of  women,  for  the  enlargement  of  the  industrial  life  of  women 
and  for  the  establishment  of  complete  legal  equality  for  women  in  all  prop- 
erty holding  relations,  and  to  the  accomplishment  of  reform  in  these  particu- 
lars the  deceased  was  one  of  the  most  effective  agents  of  her  time. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  Standard-Union:  Miss  Anthony  lived  long  enough  to  see 
one  of  the  reforms  which  she  devoted  her  life  to  an  accomplished  fact  and 
the  other  two  well  under  way.  Best  of  all  she  lived  long  enough  to  have  sur- 
vived the  enmities  of  her  earlier  years,  leaving  none  but  friends  behind. 

Incident  in  New  York  Sun:  "Susan  B.  Anthony  was  one  of  the  best  friends 
a  young  reporter  ever  had,"  said  a  man  on  Park  Row  the  other  day.  "She  was 
a  good  friend,  too,  of  the  older  ones.  She  had  a  keen  sense  of  the  value  of 
news  and  lost  no  time  in  getting  out  facts.  She  was  a  sincere  believer  in  the 
press  and  would  go  to  all  manner  of  inconvenience  to  keep  the  cause  she  rep- 
resented before  the  people. 

"Some  years  ago  I  applied  for  a  job  as  reporter  on  a  Washington  paper. 
The  city  editor  didn't  take  my  name  and  address  but  he  told  me  to  knock 
around  town  that  night  and  see  what  I  could  do.  There  was  some  sort  of  a 
woman's  convention  in  town  and  Miss  Anthony  was  at  the  Riggs  House.  I 
told  her  frankly  just  how  matters  stood — ^that  I  was  a  new  man  in  town  and 
didn't  know  much  about  the  convention.  'Oh,  well  that's  easily  overcome,'  she 
said,  and  she  told  me  all  about  the  convention  and  its  work.  'Give  my  compli- 
ments to  your  city  editor/  she  said  as  she  shook  hands  cordially,  'and  tell  him 
I  hope  he  will  send  you  to  the  convention  tomorrow.' 

"I  saw  her  several  years  afterwards.  She  remembered  me  and  wanted  to 
know  if  I  got  the  job." 


1536  APPENDIX. 

"Dorothy  Dix"  in  New  York  Evening  Journal:  Susan  B.  Anthony  is  dead 
in  the  youth  and  beauty  of  her  wonderful  old  age,  the  broad,  c^m  brow 
crowned  with  the  laurels  of  a  nobly-spent  life;  the  keen,  gray  eyes  that  saw 
the  emancipation  of  the  negro  slave,  seeing  prophet-wise  in  death  the  coming 
freedom  of  women ;  the  tireless  hands  that  have  labored  so  long  folded  on  the 
quiet  breast,  their  work  done  at  last. 

It  is  a  time  of  sackcloth  and  ashes,  when  all  women  may  well  mourn  the 
passing  on  of  the  great  woman  who  was  the  Moses  of  her  sex,  and  who  led 
them  out  of  the  wilderness  of  utter  subjection  to  where  they  can,  at  least, 
look  over  into  the  promised  land  of  equal  rights. 

No  woman  has  done  so  much  for  other  women  as  she  has.  She  found 
women  with  few  rights  before  the  law,  little  or  no  control  over  their  own 
property,  and  no  representation  in  the  Government  that  taxed  them.  She 
leaves  them  with  a  thousandfold  better  legal  protection,  with  laws  that  secure 
a  woman's  own  property  to  her  in  many  States  and  that  safeguard  it  to  a 
degree  in  all,  and  with  the  women  in  four  States  possessing  an  equal  voice 
with  men  in  making  the  laws  that  govern  them. 

She  found  the  doors  of  almost  every  college  barred  to  women,  and  the 
highly  educated  woman  looked  upon  as  a  freak  and  derided  as  a  monstrosity. 
She  leaves  nearly  every  university  door  swinging  on  its  hinges  to  admit 
women,  and  parents  as  anxious  to  educate  their  daughters  as  their  sons. 

She  found  the  woman  who  attempted  to  speak  in  public,  no  matter  how 
eloquent,  how  sincere,  or  how  important  the  message  she  had  to  bring,  hissed 
and  mobbed  and  lampooned.  She  leaves  vast  audiences  listening  to  women 
orators  and  applauding  them  to  the  echo. 

She  found  only  three  vocations,  that  of  the  domestic  servant,  of  the  fac- 
tory hand  and  of  the  school  teacher,  open  to  the  woman  who  was  under  the 
necessity  of  earning  her  own  bread.  She  leaves  every  profession  and  every 
walk  of  commerce  free  to  women  and  with  no  bounds  set  to  a  woman's 
achievements  except  the  limitations  of  her  own  ability  and  energy. 

It  is  true  that  alone  and  single-handed  Miss  Anthony  did  not  bring  about 
these  enormous  reforms.  They  are  too  great  for  any  one  individual  to  have 
accomplished,  but  to  her  above  all  others,  is  the  honor  due,  for  she  was  the 
head  and  front,  the  animating  spirit  of  the  great  movement  for  women's  eman- 
cipation that  has  done  so  much  to  better  the  condition  of  the  female  sex,  and 
to  which  the  woman  of  to-day  owes  her  ability  to  get  an  education  and  to 
make  an  honest  living  at  something  better  than  servile  drudgery. 

For  more  than  sixty  years  Miss  Anthony  labored  unceasingly  for  her  sex, 
and  when  the  great  angel  asks  the  name  of  the  one  who  loved  best  her  fellow 
woman  her  name  will  lead  all  the  rest.  No  wrong  under  which  woman  suf- 
fered was  too  great  for  her  to  dare  attack  it,  no  injustice  too  small  to  enlist 
her  pity  and  her  attempt  to  remedy  it. 

She  saw  the  tears  of  the  slave  mother  with  the  child  torn  from  her  arms  and 
sold  away  from  her,  and  she  was  foremost  among  those  who  fought  for  free- 
dom for  the  negro. 

She  saw  women  with  great  intellects  starving  for  knowledge,  and  she  fought 
to  open  the  avenues  of  education  to  them.  She  saw  the  poverty  of  the  sweat 
shop  women  make  the  millstones  between  which  they  were  ground,  and  she 


APPENDIX.  1537 

fought  to  better  the  conditions  under  which  they  worked.  She  saw  the  honor 
of  the  girl-child  made  the  plaything  of  the  debauchee,  and  she  fought  for  laws 
for  her  protection.  She  saw  the  woman  working  by  the  side  of  the  man  for 
half  the  salary,  and  she  fought  for  equal  pay  for  equal  work.  She  saw  the  in- 
telligent, educated,  tax-paying  woman  of  the  country  classed  by  the  law  with 
the  idiot,  the  criminal  and  the  insane,  and  she  died  fighting,  with  her  face  to 
the  foe,  to  have  this  monstrous  injustice  removed. 

For  more  than  sixty  years — ^longer  than  the  lifetime  of  the  average  person — 
her  life  was  one  constant  battle  against  wrong.  It  was  not  easy  fighting.  For 
many  years  there  were  no  plaudits  of  victory,  no  cheers  to  hearten  her  and 
encourage  her.  She  did  not  even  have  the  sympathy  of  the  women  for  whom 
she  was  so  bravely  and  heroically  battling.  No  one,  perhaps,  ever  endured  a 
greater  martyrdom,  for,  strange  and  incredible  as  it  seems  now,  during  the 
earlier  years  of  her  life  she  was  not  the  object  of  reverence  and  praise  that  she 
is  to-day,  but  a  subject  for  the  cartoonist's  pencil,  the  butt  of  the  cheap  wit  and 
the  victim  of  the  execration  of  the  narrow-minded. 

It  was  my  good  fortune  once  to  stand  beside  her  on  the  platform  when  an 
audience  composed  of  the  most  brilliant  and  distinguished  people  of  a  big  city, 
rose  and  cheered  her  until  they  were  hoarse,  and  pelted  her  with  roses  until 
the  frail  figure  in  its  black  silk  dress,  and  with  its  white  silk  shawl  slipping 
from  the  shoulders,  was  standing  almost  knee  deep  in  flowers.  When  the 
applause  had  died  away  and  the  audience  gone,  she  turned  to  me  and  with  a 
smile  that  trembled  between  a  laugh  and  a  tear,  she  said,  "Time  brings  strange 
changes.  In  this  very  city  that  has  pelted  me  with  roses  I  have  been  pelted 
^ith  rotten  eggs  for  saying  the  very  things  that  I  have  said  tonight." 

No  one  ever  served  a  cause  more  unselfishly  than  Miss  Anthony  served  the 
cause  of  woman.  She  had  wonderful  executive  ability;  she  had  untiring  in- 
dustry ;  great  genius  in  many  lines — all  the  things  the  world  is  most  willing  to 
pay  for,  and  yet  she  gave  them  all  and  asked  no  reward  for  herself. 

Death  claimed  her  before  the  dream  of  her  life  of  equal  suffrage  for  man 
and  woman  was  realized.  Perhaps  none  of  us  now  living  will  see  it  come 
true,  but  future  generations  will,  and  then  Susan  B.  Anthony  will  stand  side 
by  side  in  human  gratitude  and  fame  with  the  other  great  liberators  of  man- 
kind. 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  News:  If  criticism  may  be  spoken  at  this  time  without 
thought  of  detraction  from  the  shining  sun  of  Miss  Anthon/s  admirable  tal- 
ents, without  intent  to  cut  off  the  smallest  fraction  of  praise  for  her  essential 
nobility  of  character,  her  indomitable  but  genial  courage,  her  consummate 
ability  in  debate,  her  genius  for  leadership  on  broad  lines,  it  is  simply  this, 
that  in  common  with  other  reformers  and  probably  inspiring  most  of  them, 
she  neglected  the  conversion  of  women  themselves  to  her  cause. 

Few  things  are  less  probable  than  that  woman  suffrage  will  be  conceded 
through  pleadings  with  men  in  their  capacity  as  statesmen.  That  way  has  been 
tried  with  singularly  scanty  results  from  so  long  and  so  intelligent  an  argu- 
ment for  a  cause  that  makes  its  own  argument.    But  the  men  are  not  going  to 


1538  APPENDIX. 

act  until  they  find  the  women  asking  them  to  let  them  vote.  When  the  women 
in  the  households  conclude  they  want  the  ballot  they  will  have  it  mighty  quick. 
American  men,  as  a  rule,  do  not  deny  their  women  an3rthing  they  can  give, 
grant  or  convey  to  them ;  anything  they  can  beg,  borrow  or  steal  for  them. 

Of  Susan  B.  Anthony  no  less  may  be  said  with  truth  than  that  she  has  added 
luster  to  the  American  name.  She  had  a  heart  of  oak,  to  her  honor  be  it  said, 
but  it  was  a  woman's  heart.  She  had  no  doublet  and  hose  in  her  disposition. 
It  was  that  breadth  of  mind,  that  tolerance  of  spirit,  that  patient  waiting  on 
Providence  while  she  wrought  steadily  at  her  appointed  task,  that  kept  her 
sweet  of  speech  to  the  very  last  and  saved  her  from  so  much  as  the  touch  of 
bitterness.  And  for  that  reason  her  memory  will  be  kept  in  gracious  remem- 
brance as  long  as  the  enfranchisement  of  women  interests  Americans. 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  Commercial:  Life  is  certainly  well  worth  living,  when  it 
ends  with  the  closing  of  a  record  like  that  made  by  the  wonderful  woman  who 
was  buried  at  Rochester  yesterday.  Miss  Anthony  takes  her  place  with  the 
really  great  men  and  women  of  this  generation.  She  was  in  advance  of  her 
generation ;  but  the  time  is  nigh  at  hand  when  it  will  hardly  be  believed  that 
she  was  the  object  of  scorn  and  fury  and  ridicule  because  she  fought  fear- 
lessly for  the  rights  of  true  womanhood. 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  Courier:  Miss  Anthony  was  "strong-minded,"  yet  wom- 
anly, exceedingly  keen,  but  companionable  and  kindly.  In  the  evening  of  her 
life  the  feeling  toward  her  of  the  people  of  her  home  city  was  reverential ;  so 
was  that  of  great  numbers  elsewhere  in  this  and  other  lands.  The  peace  of 
the  latter  years,  the  changed  quality  of  public  sentiment  regarding  her,  were 
in  strange  contrast  with  the  conditions  in  those  early  times  when  her  name 
was  so  usually  spoken  with  a  sneer,  and  her  platform  appearances  were  occa- 
sions for  insult  and  violence.  The  cause  to  which  she  devoted  the  main  part 
of  her  life  has  not  progressed  in  the  degree  she  hoped  for,  but  its  equity  is 
now  conceded  by  most  fair-minded  thinkers,  even  though  they  may  doubt  the 
expediency  of  the  extensive  application  of  its  principles;  and  Susan  B.  An- 
thony lived  long  enough  to  be  honored  many  years  instead  of  derided.  Men 
in  the  seats  of  the  mighty  have  testified  their  respect  for  her. 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  Times:  In  the  death  of  Susan  Brownell  Anthony  the 
woman  suffrage  movement  loses  its  most  active  and  forceful  exponent  For 
many  years  she  upheld  the  cause,  always  in  the  face  of  the  strongest  kind  of 
opposition.  Others  fell  discouraged  by  the  wayside,  but  she  pressed  on  to  the 
end  of  her  life.  She  was  one  of  those  grand  characters,  who,  filled  with  the 
great  zeal  which  the  sense  of  being  in  the  right  imparts,  will  not  be  deterred 
by  defeats  and  discouragements,  but  are  spurred  by  them  to  still  greater  ef- 
forts to  accomplish  the  purpose  in  view. 

.  .  .  Miss  Anthony's  taking  off  is  a  great  blow  to  the  movement  and  there 
appears  to  be  reason  for  belief  that  it  will  gradually  subside. 

Kate  Burr  in  Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  Times:  Susan  B.  Anthony's  grand,  dominant 
characteristic  was  her  sense  of  justice.    Justice  was  the  guide  of  her  life  and 


APPENDIX.  1539 

the  key  to  her  nature.  She  is  chiefly  spoken  of  as  the  champion  of  woman. 
So  she  was,  but  not  more  than  she  was  the  champion  of  man. 

She  hated  wrong.  She  hated  oppression.  She  fought  them  wherever  they 
showed  their  heads  and  she  gave  them  no  quarter.  She  espoused  woman's 
interests,  not  as  a  narrow  devotee,  but  on  the  principle  that  woman  has  as 
good  a  right  to  justice  as  man,  and  that  to  cheat  a  woman  is  as  bad  as  to  cheat 
a  man.  Man  degraded  by  the  lash  of  slavery  descending  on  his  back,  man 
self-degraded  by  the  bestiality  of  drunkenness,  roused  Susan  B.  Anthony's 
righteous  anger  and  moved  her  to  protect  and  save  just  as  much  as  did  the 
spectacle  of  woman  cowering  beneath  the  tyranny  of  black-letter  laws  and 
barred  by  despotic  custom  from  half  the  avenues  of  life. 

Miss  Anthony  accomplished  a  colossal  work  as  an  abolitionist  and  temper- 
ance reformer,  yet  her  name  will  go  down  to  history  mainly  in  connection 
with  the  woman's  rights  cause.  Why  this  meed  of  fame  for  one  specific  labor 
in  a  life  of  such  variety  and  scope?  Because  in  that  particular  task— the 
placing  of  woman  on  an  equality  with  man  before  the  tribunal  of  positive  law 
and  the  still  more  formidable  tribunal  of  popular  prejudice — Susan  B.  An- 
thony stands  alone.  Her  position  is  unique,  her  renown  solitary.  She  had 
helpers  but  not  compeers.  She  was  pioneer  and  general — ^forlorn-hope  and 
attacking  column — ^advocate  and  executive.  Combine  the  functions  of  Wendell 
Phillips  and  Abraham  Lincoln  as  regards  the  abolition  movement  and  you 
have  the  functions  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  in  the  cause  of  Woman's  Equality 
before  Law  and  Society. 

As  there  are  fortunes  so  vast  that  their  owners  cannot  count  them,  so  there 
are  benefits  so  enormous  that  their  possessors  cannot  reckon  them  up.  The 
benefits  conferred  by  Susan  B.  Anthony  on  her  sex  come  under  this  category. 
The  women  of  the  United  States — ^nay,  of  the  globe — ^love  her.  They  admire 
her ;  they  are  grateful  to  her ;  they  revere  her  memory.  But  do  they  fully  un- 
derstand what  they  owe  her?  It  may  be  doubted.  By  the  cofiin  of  one  who 
for  more  than  sixty  years  thought  always  of  her  sisters  and  never  of  herself, 
let  womanhood  solemnly  reflect  Where  woman  was  enslaved,  she  is  free; 
where  she  languished  smitten  by  the  blight  of  thwarted  ambition,  she  can  act ; 
where  her  mental  aspirations  were  doomed  to  famine,  a  thousand  institutions 
of  learning  bid  her  enter  and  feast;  where  law  robbed  her,  now  law  extends 
its  iron  gauntlet  in  her  protection.  Had  there  lived  no  Susan  B.  Anthony  this 
triumph  of  chivalry  and  justice  had  not  been. 

Albany  (N.  Y.)  Argus:  In  any  estimate  of  Susan  B.  Anthony's  contribu- 
tion to  the  progress  of  her  times,  there  must  be  admitted  the  great  debt  which 
today  owes  to  her  and  the  pioneers  of  her  cause  for  the  shaping  of  public 
opinion  to  meet  the  changing  social  and  industrial  conditions  of  women  in  the 
United  States  and  in  other  lands.   .   .   . 

The  mantle  of  the  dead  leader  of  the  woman's  cause  will  fall  upon  the  Rev. 
Anna  Howard  Shaw,  a  woman  who  partakes  of  much  of  Miss  Anthon/s  gifts 
of  ready  wit  and  sterling  sense  in  the  fighting  of  the  battles  for  reform ;  but, 
happily,  to  be  the  champion  of  the  rights  of  woman  these  later  years  is  by  no 


IS40  APPENDIX. 

means  the  test  of  courage  and  devotion  it  was  when  Susan  B.  Anthony  first 
set  forth  on  her  mission  to  dear  the  path  for  the  woman  of  today. 

Troy  (N.  Y.)  Press:  But  Miss  Anthony  did  remain  on  earth  long  enough 
to  see  the  movement  which  she  had  championed  so  bravely  and  persistently 
elevated  from  the  plane  of  ostracism  to  that  of  partial  recognition,  and  found 
herself  saluted  by  the  highest  in  the  land  as  one  who  with  singular  courage 
and  undoubted  sincerity  and  consistency  had  waged  a  battle  which  entitled  her, 
as  all  acknowledged,  to  a  place  among  the  heroic.   .  .   . 

In  real  achievements  for  womanhood  and  civilization  the  records  of  the  vast 
majority  of  presidents,  generals,  statesmen  and  politicians  pale  when  compared 
to  the  work  of  this  wonderful  woman. 

Troy  (N.  Y.)  Times:  But  if  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  had  the  masculine 
intellect  Susan  B.  Anthony  had  the  masculine  vigor  in  field  work.  She  was 
the  pioneer  to  whom  mountains  and  rivers  offered  no  obstacle,  and  who  fol- 
lowed the  early  settlers  to  the  almost  trackless  West  that  she  might  implant  in 
the  new  commonwealths  of  the  Pacific  Coast  the  principle  of  sex  equality. 

It  may  seem  paradoxical  but  yet  it  is  true,  that  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  the 
zealous  band  of  workers  that  surrounded  and  accompanied  her  found  it  easier 
to  convince  Legislatures  than  to  persuade  their  own  sex.  The  fact  remains 
that  the  most  steadfast  opposition  to  the  extension  of  the  ballot  to  woman 
comes  from  women  themselves,  and  that  the  greatest  obstacle  in  the  way  of 
securing  that  reconstruction  of  political  method  will  be  removed  when  women 
themselves  decide  that  they  wish  the  ballot  If  there  were  many  Susan  B. 
Anthonys  the  walls  of  the  Jericho  of  public  government  by  the  male  sex  would 
fall  before  the  zealous  and  continued  trumpetings.  And  it  must  be  conceded 
by  all,  that,  as  a  result  of  the  labors  of  the  women  of  whom  this  leader  who 
died  today  was  the  most  distinguished  and  effective,  much  that  was  inequitable 
and  oppressive  has  been  removed  from  those  statute  books  which  affects  the 
rights  and  the  privileges  of  what  is  becoming  less  and  less  known  as  the 
weaker  sex. 

Syracuse  (N.  Y.)  Herald:  Miss  Anthony's  chief  title  to  lasting  distinction, 
after  all,  is  her  unsurpassed  contribution  to  a  cause  of  nobler  and  broader  im- 
port, the  elevation  of  American  womanhood.  In  this  direction,  at  least,  steady 
advancement  has  followed  her  unremitting  labors  and  her  persuasive  appeals. 
If  the  American  woman  of  today  enjoys  a  far  more  generous  protection  from 
the  laws  than  her  predecessor  of  half-a-century  ago  ever  dreamed  of  receiv- 
ing; if  she  holds  a  far  more  honorable  and  useful  place,  not  alone  in  the  do- 
mestic circle,  but  even  in  the  public  acitivities  of  American  life,  she  may  credit 
her  advantage  to  the  unflagging  zeal,  the  man-like  courage,  the  stubborn  per- 
sistence, the  sisterly  sympathy  and  the  fine  intellectual  equipment  of  Susan  B. 
Anthony,  more  than  to  any  other  single  influence. 

Auburn  (N.  Y.)  Citisen:  Her  name  is  now,  and  has  been  for  years,  a 
synonym  for  woman  suffrage.  The  advance  of  woman,  which  was  her  life 
work,  is  her  monument     It  speaks  for  her  unconsciously,  wherever  today 


APPENDIX.  1 541 

women  are  enjoying  conditions  of  living  that  are  an  improvement  over  those 
of  the  last  generation.  ...  In  her  character  and  personality  Miss  Anthony 
was  a  pure  type  of  the  "old  American."  All  her  life  she  Hved  simply,  worked 
hard,  stood  unswervingly  by  her  principles,  and  her  austere  mind  did  not  know 
the  meaning  of  compromise.  ...  As  time  passes,  more  and  more  will  Miss 
Anthony's  place  be  confirmed  as  one  of  the  great  leaders  in  securing  human 
rights. 

Auburn  (N.  Y.)  Advertiser:  In  fact  it  may  be  said  that  most  movements 
for  the  betterment  of  the  race  have  had  Miss  Anthonjr's  heartiest  endeavor. 
She  has  been  the  Wendell  Phillips  of  her  sex  and  her  good  deeds  will  live 
long  after  her  passing  away. 

Utica  (N.  Y.)  Press:  She  was  a  splendid  American  woman,  plain  spoken 
and  of  great  ability.  Any  cause  is  fortunate  that  has  such  a  conscientious, 
consistent,  persevering  advocate. 

Elmira  (N.  Y.)  Gazette:  ...  All  this  is  as  heroic  as  the  final  deeds  and 
thoughts  of  warriors  and  statesmen.  Miss  Anthony  gave  her  last  feeble  breath 
as  she  gave  the  power  of  her  vigorous  life  to  a  cause.  No  man  has  made  a 
handsomer  death  in  history  or  fiction  than  this  woman.  The  last  words  of 
Marmion  in  poesy  or  the  last  exhortation  of  Captain  Lawrence,  as  recorded  in 
national  chronicle,  provide  no  greater  inspiration.  To  the  army  who  believe 
that  woman  should  have  the  ballot  and  stand  in  law  in  all  respects  the  equal 
of  man,  her  dying  moments  will  supply  exalted  impulse. 

Elmira  (N.  Y.)  Advertiser:  Her  life  work  was  for  women,  and  while  she 
could  not  accomplish  all  she  desired,  the  measure  of  her  success  is  great  She 
braved  criticism,  defied  ridicule  and  earned  the  most  profound  respect  both 
for  herself  and  her  principles.  It  is  a  strong  character  that  is  lost  to  the 
world  in  her  death. 

Johnstown  (N.  Y.)  Democrat:  Now  that  the  great  and  good  woman,  Susan 
B.  Anthony,  is  dead,  the  able  editors  of  those  newspapers  which  steadfastly 
misrepresented  her  principles  and  her  logic  are  voluminous  in  their  praise  of 
her  noble  purpose  and  her  heroic  sacrifices  for  a  great  cause  when  silence 
would  perhaps  be  the  graceful  thing.  To  those  who  will  stop  to  think  a 
moment  it  will  seem  that  the  marked  credit  she  is  getting  now  from  these 
newspapers  should  have  been  vouchsafed  when  she  was  at  the  zenith  of  her 
noble  career  or  at  least  toward  the  close  of  her  busy  life,  that  she  might  have 
known  that  her  worth  was  appreciated.  But  this  was  denied  her  and  now  that 
she  is  clasped  in  the  embrace  of  death  the  able  editors  of  these  papers  are  en- 
deavoring to  outdo  each  other  in  their  efforts  to  measure  her  greatness. 

Same:  When  most  of  the  men  of  affairs  today  were  barefoot  boys  and 
when  the  stirring  events  of  the  big  world  outside  the  small  one  in  which  they 
strayed  in  the  sunshine  came  as  the  vaguest  of  echoes,  the  name  of  Susan  B. 
Anthony  was  the  jest  on  every  cynic's  lip  and  that  brave  woman  was  begin- 
ning the  fight  that  she  lived  to  see  all  but  won.    It  was  a  great  and  a  beautiful 


1542  APPENDIX, 

part  which  she  took  in  the  battle  for  a  wider  application  of  the  doctrines  of 
freedom  and  equality.  Her  voice  was  one  of  the  most  potent  that  ever  was 
heard  in  the  suffragist  forum.  She  was  sagacious,  resourceful  and  full  of  the 
warrior  spirit  that  neither  faltered  nor  flinched.  During  a  life  running  far 
beyond  the  allotted  span  she  was  a  power  in  the  world,  an  inspiration  to  her 
sex,  a  pioneer  in  a  cause  that  ought  instantly  to  appeal  to  every  just  mind.  At 
first  she  was  the  object  of  jeers  and  ribaldry  and  misrepresentation.  But  all 
this  she  outlived  and  her  later  years  were  full  of  honors  and  popular  recogni- 
tion.   Her  work  has  been  done.    The  fruits  of  it  remain  only  to  be  gathered. 

Poughkeepsie  (N.  Y.)  News:  She  stood  for  a  principle,  and,  if  she  did  not 
win  the  success  of  that  principle,  she  won  the  respect  of  the  intelligence  and 
honesty  of  the  world. 

Le  Roy  (N.  Y.)  News:  Her  friends  and  admirers  were  legion,  and  the 
fruits  of  her  labor  will  live  and  multiply  until  the  object  of  her  life's  work  is 
attained. 

Rome  (N.  Y.)  Sentinel:  Susan  B.  Anthony,  whose  death  has  just  occurred 
at  Rochester,  was  one  of  the  remarkable  women  of  our  age.  Perhaps  if  there 
were  not  a  notion  that  women  are  out  of  place  as  leaders  in  public  matters 
more  such  might  appear.  Certainly  Miss  Anthony  did  much  to  dispel  that 
notion,  and,  by  her  own  example,  showed  that  women  can  be  leaders.  She 
was  a  great  leader — great  because  of  the  confidence  all  had  in  her  integrity 
and  ability.  Her  services  during  the  Civil  War  alone  entitled  her  to  a  lasting 
memory.  Her  later  work  for  woman  suffrage  stamps  her  as  one  of  the  intel- 
lectual giants  of  the  age. 

Erie  County  (N.  Y.)  Independent:  Although  Miss  Anthony  died  regretting 
the  incompleteness  of  her  work,  it  would  seem  to  an  observer  that  under  all 
the  circumstances  no  person  ever  before  had  as  much  to  rejoice  over  as  she 
in  what  had  been  accomplished  and  largely  through  her  own  efforts.  The 
work  of  emancipation  of  women  will  still  go  on  and  that  for  which  she  nobly 
battled  will  yet  be  accon^lished,  for  the  forces  moving  that  way  are  too  strong 
to  be  overcome  by  intolerance,  bigotry  and  prejudice. 

The  city  of  Rochester,  her  home  for  sixty  years,  that  in  early  days  mobbed 
and  hooted  her  when  she  attempted  to  speak  in  old  Corinthian  Hall,  today 
falls  down  and  worships  her  memory.  The  press  of  that  city  and  its  chief, 
citizens  proclaim  her  its  greatest  citizen ;  the  high,  the  low,  the  rich,  the  poor 
strove  with  each  other  to  pay  respect  to  her  memory  and  gave  proof  of  their 
grief  at  her  departure  and  on  the  occasion  of  her  funeral. 

Where  but  a  few  years  ago  the  newspapers  of  the  world  flimg  out  sarcasm, 
gibes  and  sneers  at  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  the  cause  she  so  earnestly  advo- 
cated, today  the  same  newspapers  give  columns  and  pages  to  the  history  of 
her  life,  to  the  great  good  she  has  accomplished  and  to  praises  without  stint 
of  her  character  and  life  work. 

We  know  of  no  woman  in  the  history  of  the  race,  except  it  be  by  the  acci- 
dent of  birth,  who  has  been  so  honored  and  who  has  been  as  prominent  before 


APPENDIX.  1543 

the  world  as  has  Susan  B.  Anthony.  Yet  she  had  no  title,  but  was  one  of  the 
plain  people,  striving  to  better  the  lot  of  all  her  sex  and  of  mankind  in  general, 
plain  and  simple  in  her  life  and  actions,  seeking  not  fame  but  achieving  greater 
fame  than  has  before  been  given  to  woman. 


Boston  Herald  (March  14)  :  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  one  of  the  Amer- 
ican women  who  has  made  for  herself  a  name  that  will  live  in  honor  for  gen- 
erations. She  was  the  great  leader  of  those  who  within  fifty  years  have 
steadily  labored  for  justice  to  women.  It  does  not  matter  whether  one  ap- 
proves or  disapproves  of  the  specific  cause  of  woman  suffrage  to  which  the 
main  activity  of  her  life  was  devoted,  although  in  the  advancement  of  this 
cause  a  large  degree  of  success  has  been  achieved,  and  it  is  within  the  limits 
of  probability  that  the  extension  of  this  degree  of  success  will  some  time  be 
achieved,  and  that  women  everywhere  in  the  republic  will  be  admitted  to  vote 
on  conditions  of  equality  with  the  male  portion  of  the  citizenship.  Whether 
or  not  this  complete  logical  triumph  of  her  labors,  protracted  through  half-a- 
century,  shall  finally  come  about,  it  will  henceforth  be  conceded  that  Miss 
Anthony  was  a  woman  of  unusual  ability,  of  noble  character,  of  single-hearted 
devotion  to  the  emancipation  and  elevation  of  her  sex  and  of  large  accom- 
plishment in  that  cause. 

One  bom  in  recent  years  is  likely  to  have  a  quite  inadequate  notion  of  the 
difference  between  the  social,  industrial  and  legal  status  of  women  in  1850  and 
1906.  Always  there  have  been  women  of  talent  and  power  who  have  achieved 
a  place  of  distinction  for  influence  in  their  times.  .  .  .  But  for  the  masses 
of  women  there  was  in  all  civilized  nations  half-a-century  ago  a  condemnation 
of  incapacity  that  no  sensible  person  now  presumes  to  insist  upon.  Within 
that  period  has  come  an  uplifting  of  intelligence  and  aims,  a  deliverance  from 
social  and  legal  trammels,  a  demonstration  of  worth  and  wisdom,  that  only  the 
most  sanguine  would  have  believed  to  be  possible.  And  all  lias  been  accom- 
plished without  any  such  destruction  of  the  normal  balance  of  the  social  fabric 
as  was  honestly  feared  by  many.  Women  are  not  less  pure,  not  less  admir- 
able as  maids,  wives  or  mothers  than  in  the  former  time  because  they  have  a 
larger  liberty  of  development  and  a  wider  sphere  of  interests  and  service.  In 
fact,  it  would  be  almost  impossible  to  overstate  the  enrichment  of  the  com- 
munity life  and  its  exaltation  that  has  followed  as  a  consequence  of  the  broad- 
ening of  the  intelligence  and  the  opportunities  of  the  womanhood  of  the  land. 
It  is  grossly  unfair  to  attribute  to  this  growth  of  independence  and  power  the 
faults  of  our  civilization,  that  are  the  product,  rather,  of  increased  population, 
of  augmented  wealth  and  of  prevalent  lust  of  luxury.  Indeed,  abundant  rea- 
son appears  for  believing  that  if  woman  had  remained  the  subject  and  limited 
class  in  the  life  of  the  community  that  she  was  before  the  time  when  earnest 
agitation  for  women's  rights  began,  the  present  condition  would  be  vastly 
more  corrupt  and  more  hopeless  than  it  is. 

It  can  hardly  be  too  emphatically  said  that  all  the  wonderful  gains  of  women 
in  deliverance  from  a  legal  and  social  injustice  that  operated  as  practical  op- 
pression have  come  in  the  train  of  the  agitation  for  women  suffrage  and  have 
been  stimulated  and  assisted  by  it.  The  status  of  women  in  the  disposal  of 
Ant.  Ill— 28 


1544  APPENDIX. 

their  own  persons ;  in  their  privilege  to  enter  employment  and  engage  in  busi- 
ness on  their  own  account ;  in  their  rights  to  hold  and  dispose  of  their  earn- 
ings; in  their  wifely  and  maternal  relations;  in  their  individual  responsibility 
to  the  community ;  in  their  educational  opportunities ;  in  their  concern  for  the 
welfare  of  society  and  the  State ;  in  their  means  of  influencing  public  opinion, 
has  experienced  a  momentous  bettering  revolution,  in  the  beneficent  fruits  of 
which  their  brothers  and  husbands  participate  hardly  less  than  themselves. 

It  is  proper  to  recall  that  Miss  Anthony  did  not  begin  her  reforming  labors 
as  a  woman  suffragist.  It  was  in  behalf  of  equal  wages  with  men  for  equal 
work,  and  of  the  temperance  cause,  that  she  first  appealed  to  the  public  in  the 
name  of  justice  and  humanity.  ...  It  was  not  long  before  she  reached  the 
conclusion  by  a  process  of  logic  that  the  best  guarantee  for  the  equal  rights  of 
women,  of  whatever  nature,  is  the  ballot,  and  became  pioneer  woman  suffra- 
gist. But  during  her  long  career  as  an  advocate  of  this  course  she  was  the 
glad  and  earnest  helper  of  every  movement  for  the  equal  rights  of  her  sex, 
accepting  joyfully  any  step  of  progress  everywhere,  whether  or  not  it  was 
secured  for  the  time  being  by  what  she  held  to  be  the  certain  guarantee  of  its 
permanence.  Without  wavering  in  her  ideal  or  her  purpose,  she  was  an  op- 
portunist. Any  real  step  forward  she  hailed  as  a  progress,  having  perfect 
faith  that  the  results  would  serve  to  demonstrate  the  capacity  of  her  sex  for 
another  advance. 

She  had  the  experiences  of  the  pioneer  reformer  in  full  measure — ^misunder- 
standings, misrepresentations,  ridicule,  detraction,  ostracism — ^but  they  intimi- 
dated her  no  more  than  they  intimidated  Sam  Adams  or  William  Lloyd  Gar- 
rison. She  lived  to  behold  a  widespread  and  rewarding,  if  not  complete,  es- 
tablishment of  equal  rights.  She  had  lived  down  contumely  and  received  the 
homage  of  gracious,  thankful  appreciation  at  home  and  abroad.  Women  will 
not  forget  their  debt  to  her,  and  the  other  sex  will  more  and  more  recognize 
that  she  has  been  its  friend,  not  its  enemy. 

Same,  (March  20)  :  It  is  said  that  Susan  B.  Anthony  in  her  last  illness  ex- 
pressed poignant  disappointment  that  after  sixty  years  of  earnest,  devoted 
labors  she  was  not  to  see  the  triumph  of  the  reform  that  was  nearest  her  heart. 
This  was  a  not  unnatural  feeling.  It  testifies,  however,  more  certainly  to  the 
ardor  of  her  hope  than  to  the  weakness  of  her  endeavor.  She  longed  to  taste 
the  sweet  joy  of  experiencing  victory.  There  is  no  reason  to  presume  that  she 
surrendered  faith  in  the  final  success  of  what  she  esteemed  to  be  a  reasonable 
and  righteous  cause.  This  yearning  is  common  to  all  zealous  workers  for 
progress,  and  sometimes  they  seem  to  have  a  doubt  that  another  will  carry  on 
the  work  to  which  they  have  consecrated  their  aspiration  and  toil  with  an 
equal  energy  of  purpose.  We  have  no  reason  to  presume  that  this  was  Miss 
Anthony's  feeling.  It  is  more  probable  that  she  was  simply  regretting  that 
she  would  not  be  alive  to  share  in  the  pride  and  congratulation  of  her  fellow- 
workers  ;  regretting  also  that  the  day  of  the  complete  deliverance  of  woman* 
as  she  regarded  it,  was  so  long  delayed.  Every  leader  desires  to  accomplish 
the  task  he  has  set  for  himself.    It  is  the  dream  of  the  courageous. 

In  this  world  reforms  do  not  come  quickly;  they  come  with  travail,  with 


APPENDIX.  1545 

wasting,  with  temporary  disappointments.  But  the  thing  to  be  avoided  is  get- 
ting marshalled  on  the  wrong  side,  becoming  an  obstacle  instead  of  a  pro- 
moter. One  needs  have  a  care  that  he  serves  under  the  white  flag,  not  under 
the  black  flag.  The  lament  of  Miss  Anthony  and  the  consecration  of  the 
soldier  in  Baroness  von  Suttner's  "Ground  Arms"  are  not  opposing  utterances, 
but  harmonious  and  co-operating.  It  may  be  that  the  specific  cause  to  which 
the  former's  energy  was  so  long  devoted  may  never  triumph  generally  in  the 
precise  form  she  anticipated,  although  it  would  be  rash  to  say  it  will  not.  But 
it  has  been  triumphing  in  allied  and  noble  ways  year  by  year.  It  is  fair  to  say 
that  woman  has  been  emancipated  within  the  last  half-century,  as  the  colored 
race  has  been  emancipated,  although  much  advancement  remains  to  be  achieved 
in  both  cases.  What  has  been  gained  will  not  be  entirely  lost.  Although 
periods  of  stagnation  and  disheartenment  may  come,  the  world  does  not  go 
backward  irretrievably,   .   .   . 

Boston  Budget  and  Beacon:  It  may  be  said  of  the  late  Miss  Susan  B.  An- 
thony that  she  passed  away  full  of  years  and  honors,  after  a  life  of  prolonged 
conflict  for  the  advancement  of  her  sex  and  humanity  generally.  She  was  a 
bom  reformer.  She  did  not  see  the  right  and  still  the  wrong  pursue,  for  she 
had  the  courage  of  her  convictions  and  never  failed  to  lift  up  her  voice  in  de- 
fence of  the  poor  and  oppressed.  She  was  early  enlisted  in  the  ranks  of  those 
who  were  opposed  to  the  perpetuation  of  African  slavery,  that  foul  blot  on  our 
country  which  it  took  so  many  years  to  wipe  out,  and  she  was  the  friend  o£ 
William  Lloyd  Garrison  when  both  were  reviled  as  fanatical  disturbers,  and 
when  a  great  part  of  the  wealth  of  the  United  States  was  persistently  used  to 
denounce  them  as  enemies  of  a  peculiar  institution,  which,  it  was  claimed,  was 
founded  and  allowed  by  heaven. 

Miss  Anthony  was  no  less  ardent  in  other  righteous  causes,  and  she  was  one 
of  the  earliest  advocates  of  woman's  rights.  She  gained  many  victories, 
though  she  did  not  live  to  see  the  full  accomplishment  of  the  end  for  which 
she  labored,  but  she  succeeded  in  making  woman  less  the  slave  of  man  than 
she  was  when  Miss  Anthony  began  her  career  as  an  agitator.   .   .   . 

In  her  public  life  she  lost  none  of  her  womanliness,  and  was  far  from  being 
the  masculine,  unsexed  exhorter  that  many  of  her  detractors  represented  her 
to  be  at  all  times  and  in  all  places.  In  fact,  she  was  distinctively  feminine  and 
loved  all  the  tasteful,  personal  adornments  that  dainty  and  refined  womanhood 
craves.  .  .  . 

The  dignity  and  sweetness  and  purity  of  her  life  will  be  a  perpetual  inspira- 
tion to  those  who  feel  called  upon  to  enlarge  the  scope  of  their  vision  and  to 
devote  themselves  to  philanthropic  labor  outside  the  domestic  circle ;  and,  in- 
deed, to  all  women  her  earnestness  and  big  heartedness  should  show  that  only 
through  enlightened  effort  for  the  benefit  of  others  is  true  happiness  attained. 
It  may  be  made  in  the  quietude  of  the  home,  as  well  as  in  the  larger  field  of 
reformatory  endeavor,  and  Miss  Anthony's  example  may  well  be  a  guiding 
star  for  all  her  sex,  who  can  rise  to  a  level  above  the  mere  selfish  indulgence 
which  is  too  often  falsely  called  enjoyment 

Dying  as  she  lived,  wedded  to  the  cause  of  woman's  progression.  Miss  An- 
thony left  all  that  she  possessed  to  aid  her  successors  in  the  continuance  of  the 


1546  APPENDIX. 

work  to  which  she  had  given  her  best  energies  down  to  the  last  moment  of  her 
active  life.    A  brave  woman,  a  kindly  one  and  true. 

Boston  Journal  of  Education  (March  20) ;  A  great  and  good  woman  has 
gone  from  among  us.  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  in  a  class  by  herself,  and  the 
Senate  and  Assembly  of  the  greatest  State  in  the  Union  passed,  unanimously, 
highly  discriminating  resolutions  in  her  honor.  Lucy  Stone,  Mary  A.  Liver- 
more,  Julia  Ward  Howe  and  Frances  £.  Willard  are  names  to  be  spoken  rev- 
erentially by  all  Americans,  and  it  is  no  disparagement  to  any  of  these  to  say 
that  in  the  length  of  service  to  humanity,  in  intensity  of  conviction,  in  nobility 
of  spirit,  in  lusty  heroism,  Susan  B.  Anthony  is  likely  to  occupy  a  distinct 
place  as  a  leader  of  women  in  the  nineteenth  century.  For  more  than  fifty 
years  she  was  distinctly  at  the  forefront,  always  setting  the  pace,  never  allow- 
ing any  one  to  be  ahead  of  her  in  alertness  or  in  courage.  Emancipation  of 
laboring  men  and  women  from  unjust  conditions,  of  the  slaves  in  the  South, 
and  of  women  everywhere  were  the  ideals  with  this  noble  woman.  To  have 
known  her,  to  have  been  in  her  home,  are  among  the  privileges  and  memories 
which  make  life  well  worth  while. 

From  seventeen  to  thirty-two  years  of  age  she  was  a  teacher.  And  it  was 
as  a  teacher  receiving  a  mere  pittance,  (in  those  days  it  was  worse  than  now), 
that  her  noble  soul  was  stirred  by  a  sense  of  injustice,  and  her  first  outcry  was 
for  better  pay  for  honorable  work ;  and  the  more  than  half-a-century  of  public 
activity  for  humanity  which  followed  her  fifteen  years  of  school  life  fruited 
from  her  conviction  as  a  teacher.  She  was  in  the  fullest  sense  a  teacher,  lead- 
ing the  country  in  noble  and  righteous  effort 

Same,  (March  22)  :  Susan  B.  Anthony  has  been  more  highly  honored,  offi- 
cially and  unofficially,  by  Rochester  since  her  death,  than  any  other  man  or 
woman  has  ever  been,  and  for  the  last  quarter  of  a  century  of  her  life  she  was 
aniversally  acknowledged  to  be  Rochester's  first  citizen.  Never,  however,  was 
this  noble  woman — respected  above  any  of  her  neighbors,  in  a  way — ^allowed 
to  vote  as  to  what  should  be  done  with  the  taxes  collected  on  her  property,  or 
as  to  the  municipal  activities  for  the  benefit  of  the  public,  while  hundreds  of 
rapscallions  were  permitted  to  debauch  politics.  The  only  reason  these  ''citi- 
zens" could  defile  public  life  was  the  mere  fact  that  they  were  men,  and  the 
<mly  reason  that  she  could  not  have  a  vote  was  because  she  was  not  a  man. 
One  does  not  need  to  be  a  "woman  suflFragc  crank"  to  see  how  viciously  ab- 
surd all  this  is. 

Boston  Transcript:  The  story  of  Susan  B.  Anthonjr's  life  is  told  in  another 
part  of  this  paper  and  it  is  a  story  which  all  should  read,  the  young  for  in- 
spiration, and  the  old  that  their  gratitude  may  be  stimulated  for  service  so 
unselfish,  so  unfaltering  and  so  single  in  its  purpose.  She  was  not  merely  a 
sympathizer  with  the  weak  and  the  oppressed ;  she  was  a  devoted  helper.  To 
recognize  an  injustice  was  in  all  the  acts  of  her  life  but  the  condition  of  an 
effort  to  correct  it.  From  her  youth  to  old  age  her  life  was  a  battle  against 
social  wrongs.  While  slavery  existed  she  was  its  fearless  and  unrelenting  foe, 
and  the  women  of  America  have  found  in  her  one  of  their  most  devoted  and 
indefatigable  champions.     Yet  her  noble  antagonisms  did  not  embitter  her. 


APPENDIX.  1547 

Her  life  retained  its  sweetness,  because  her  soul  was  the  citadel  of  serene 
faith  that  that  justice  which  she  loved  and  for  which  she  strove  would  ulti- 
mately prevail.  In  spite  of  her  weight  of  years  her  energies  never  relaxed,  nor 
did  mind  or  spirit  grow  dim.  Wherever  she  thought  her  presence  would  be 
helpful,  there  she  betook  herself,  whether  this  side  of  the  continent  or  the 
other,  and  this  outpouring  of  energy  was  probably  one  of  the  causes  of  her 
fatal  illness.  But  that  was  as  she  would  have  had  it,  and  after  so  good  a 
fight,  so  appropriately  finishing  her  course,  even  her  best  friends  could  hardly 
wish  it  otherwise. 

Boston  Times:  The  death  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  takes  away  one  of  woman's 
strongest  partisans ;  one  of  the  brave  feminine  few  who  dared  to  champion  a 
cause  in  great  disfavor  and  much  frowned  upon.  To  promote  equal  rights 
for  women  is  not  now  considered  a  presumptuous  plan.  The  New  World  has 
set  woman  on  a  high  place.  Her  men  have  reverenced  and  honored  her.  It 
remains  now  for  woman  so  to  keep  herself  that  she  may  deserve  a  place  upon 
this  pedestal.  Miss  Anthony  believed  in  the  goodness  of  woman.  She  had 
great  faith  in  her  personal  power,  in  her  ability  to  do  great  deeds  if  left  un- 
trammeled  and  freed  from  tradition's  shackles  which  limited  her  horizon  and 
restricted  her  ways.  Miss  Anthony  was  right  in  this  belief.  Woman,  today, 
has  proved  her  strength.  She  has  demonstrated  her  might  and  her  power  for 
achievement.  Let  her  also  have  a  care  to  her  manners  and  morals.  Let  her 
battle  with  her  temptations  with  the  same  wholehearted  and  determined  zeal, 
as  did  this  distinguished  survivor  of  the  little  band  who  gave  birth  to  the 
women's  rights  movement  and  left  it,  a  loving  legacy,  for  women  to  work  out 
to  their  future  honor  and  uncriticised  glory. 

Boston  Traveller:  Channing  called  Miss  Anthony  the  Napoleon  for  the 
struggle  of  temperance,  anti-slavery  and  woman's  rights.  Since  1850  she  has 
been  fighting  for  these  causes,  and  from  being  the  most  ridiculed  and  merci- 
lessly persecuted  woman  she  became  the  most  honored  and  respected  in  the 
nation.  Through  all  her  struggles  and  disappointments  her  hope  never  flagged, 
her  self-respect  never  wavered,  nor  did  she  ever  give  way  to  revenge.  .  .  . 
Due  perhaps  to  her  more  than  to  any  other  woman,  the  condition  of  women  has 
been  brought  up  from  the  time  when  no  one  thought  of  making  her  living  by 
any  other  means  than  sewing,  teaching  and  factory  work,  to  where  the  way  has 
been  opened  in  every  avenue  of  industry,  until  woman  stands  today  almost  the 
peer  of  man  in  opportunities  of  financial  development. 

Henry  B.  Blackwell  in  Woman's  Journal  (Boston)  :  The  public  life  and 
work  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  mark  an  era  in  civilization,  and  her  departure 
leaves  a  void  that  no  one  else  can  fill. 

I  first  met  Miss  Anthony  about  1854,  on  Broadway,  New  York,  at  the  cor- 
ner where  the  "Flat-Iron"  building  now  deflects  all  the  winds  of  heaven.  I 
well  remember  her  as  she  greeted  Lucy  Stone  and  myself — a  young  woman  of 
perhaps  thirty-five,  full  of  activity  and  vigor,  brimful  of  enthusiasm  and 
capacity  for  work. 

For  many  years,  both  in  early  and  later  times,  I  saw  much  of  Miss  Anthony. 
I  have  been  impressed  not  only  by  her  absolute  devotion  to  the  suffrage  cause, 


1548  APPENDIX. 

but  also  by  a  certain  magnanimity  and  large-heartedncss,  which  manifested 
itself  on  many  occasions.  While  she  had  her  strong  preferences  and  predilec- 
tions, she  held  them  secondary  to  her  main  object,  and  was  willing  to  accept 
suggestions  from  any  quarter.  She  could  welcome  the  co-operation  of  persons 
of  the  most  various  tastes,  principles  and  opinions,  without  modifying  or  con- 
cealing her  own.  Whether  in  the  palace  of  the  rich  or  the  tenement  of  the 
poor,  in  the  society  of  Queen  or  seamstress,  of  the  luxurious  millionaire  or 
the  hardy  frontiersman,  she,  like  Benjamin  Franklin,  remained  simple,  un- 
embarrassed and  sincere.  It  is  said  that  most  men  and  women  cease  to  grow 
after  they  reach  maturity,  but  Miss  Anthony  grew  steadily  in  quality  of  mind 
and  heart  with  advancing  age,  mellowing  but  not  weakening  as  the  years 
went  by. 

Miss  Anthony  had  qualities  of  leadership  such  as  are  possessed  by  few 
women  or  men.  With  rare  devotion  and  unflinching  tenacity  of  purpose,  she 
has  identified  herself  for  years  with  the  suffrage  movement,  growing  steadily 
in  public  esteem.  Her  name  will  always  be  identified  with  this  gpreatest  of  all 
political  reforms.  Under  her  leadership  she  has  lived  to  see  the  principle 
secure  a  permanent  foothold  in  the  institutions  of  three  continents,  sure  to 
grow  and  spread  everywhere  with  the  growth  and  spread  of  cilivization. 

Springfield  (Mass.)  Republican:  Miss  Anthony  was  above  all  things  sim- 
ple, sincere,  earnest  and  possessed  of  the  sturdiest  common  sense.  Her  char- 
acter was  rooted  in  the  bed  rock  of  the  New  England  nature,  not  in  Puritan- 
ism but  in  the  higher  liberty  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  the  Quakers  whom 
the  Puritans  persecuted.  She  was  bom  to  spiritual  freedom,  to  the  inspiration 
of  an  untrammeled  conscience,  and  never  did  an  ecclesiastical  order  or  creedal 
formula  hamper  her  exercise  of  that  conscience.  She  never  knew  fear — ^that 
fatal  limitation  of  effort  never  entered  her  life.  Mind  and  soul,  this  daughter 
of  Quakerism  was  independent  of  all  save  the  "inner  light"  and  she  had  no 
cant  about  that — it  was  simply  that  it  underlay  her  active  intellect  as  its  con- 
stant and  unprofessed  force.  .  .  .  And  so  on  through  her  whole  eventful 
life,  it  was  the  law  within  that  guided  her  and  produced  her  large  and  ever- 
growing influence,  until  from  the  hooting,  mobbing,  ridicule  and  slander, 
which  beset  the  pioneer  work  of  herself  and  her  strong  associates,  men  and 
women,  she  became  one  of  the  most  honored  and  admired  citizens  of  the 
United  States.  And  with  all  this  she  could  not  vote  without  being  sentenced 
to  prison  for  the  attempt.   .   .   . 

Every  effort  of  her  life  was  devoted  to  matters  of  humanitarian  reform,  yet 
she  did  not  dissipate  her  energies  over  too  many  fields,  leaving  almost  all  re- 
forms to  others  and  concentrating  her  talents  for  organization  and  direction 
Bpon  the  special  purpose  of  her  life. 

A  child  of  the  Berkshire  Hills,  from  under  the  shadow  and  sunshine  of 
Greylock,  she  never  lost  the  freshness  and  vitality  of  her  youth.  She  pos- 
sessed the  strength  of  the  mountains,  was  as  firmly  rooted  as  they  in  the  seri- 
ous foundations  of  life;  nor  was  she  more  easily  moved.  She  had  also  their 
steadfast  charm— not  trivial  prettiness,  but  a  deeper  one ;  in  her  youth  and  her 
age  alike  she  was  comely  and  attractive.  They  think  foolishly  who  assume 
that  she  was  predestined  to  a  maiden  life,  for  had  she  chosen  she  might  have 


APPENDIX.  1549 

liad  the  common  lot  of  women  as  wife  and  mother.  There  were  opportunities 
enough  urged  upon  her  by  men  to  whom  her  rare  personality  appealed,  but 
she  found  none  of  them  on  her  level  of  consecration  to  a  greater  individual 
service.  As  she  grew  into  a  serene  and  exalted  old  age,  her  strong  features 
grew  in  dignity  and  power,  and  yet  they  were  always  charactered  like  the  elder 
type  of  New  England  women — ^Abigail  Adams,  Mercy  Warren,  Mrs.  Lyman 
of  Northampton,  were  kindred  in  spirit  and  appearance.  Those  who  succeed 
her  and  her  fellows  in  the  advocacy  of  the  suffrage  for  women  have  fine  quali- 
ties— Alice  Stone  Blackwell,  Mrs.  Chapman  Catt,  the  Rev.  Anna  Howard 
Shaw  and  a  multitude  more,  bring  accomplishment  of  speech  and  writing  and 
executive  force  which  make  them  fit  successors.  But  with  Miss  Anthony  de- 
parts the  early  zest  that  grew  with  conflict  and  the  mastery  over  hostile  forces. 
The  path  is  plain  now  and  there  is  no  persecution  such  as  their  elders  met; 
the  matter  has  become  too  serious  for  amusement  even  to  the  emptiest  of  leg- 
islators and  the  most  conservative  of  women. 

Lowell  (Mass.)  Courier:  Legislators  have  heard  Miss  Anthony  in  respect- 
ful attention  on  scores  of  occasions,  and  have  then  voted  to  defeat  the  measure 
for  which  she  worked  with  all  her  might — ^universal  suffrage.  But  as  the 
years  have  passed  there  has  grown,  in  some  States  at  least,  a  feeling  that 
justice  required  universal  suffrage,  and  that  suffrage  for  women  would  mean 
a  correction  of  many  of  the  evils  that  now  oppress.  Of  that  the  future  must 
decide.  Miss  Anthony  was  the  champion  of  her  sex,  and  even  to  her  last 
breath  had  their  welfare  at  heart  That  her  efforts  were  not  without  results 
in  raising  womankind  to  a  greater  recognition  as  a  business  worker,  the  story 
of  her  life  bears  witness,  and  she  steadily  gave  her  years  to  the  improvement 
of  social  conditions.   .   .  . 

She  was  a  good  fighter,  always  ready  to  face  the  issue,  regardless  of  the 
odds  or  the  opposition.  It  was  sufficient  if  she  believed  she  was  right.  While 
we  honor  her  name  and  recognize  her  service  it  will  rest  with  the  future  to 
give  her  her  due.  Her  name  will  always  be  linked  with  the  most  unselfish 
workers  for  the  cause  of  right,  and  if  ultimate  triumph  shall  crown  the  cause 
for  which  she  labored,  she  will  be  ranked  as  the  greatest  woman  of  her  time. 

New  Bedford  (Mass.)  Standard:  In  this  State  of  Massachusetts,  which 
has  in  many  respects  been  a  pioneer  in  new  movements,  it  seems  at  the  present 
moment  as  if  the  idea  of  full  woman  suffrage  were  more  unpopular  than  it 
was  a  dozen  years  ago,  and  there  is  like  reluctance  to  accept  it  elsewhere.  In 
spite  of  that,  it  is  not  probable  that  the  body  of  solid  opinion  in  its  favor  is 
much,  if  any,  diminished ;  and  by  the  rule  of  actions  and  reactions  it  is  likely 
that  a  wave  of  persistent  agitation  stronger  than  that  which  was  so  materially 
helped  by  Miss  Anthony  in  her  younger  days  may  again  be  seen.  There  is  this 
to  be  said,  which  could  not  be  said  of  the  earlier  period,  that  even  the  oppo- 
nents of  woman  suffrage  have  practically  abandoned  some  of  the  ground  they 
once  occupied.  We  do  not  hear  as  much  sneering  about  the  strong-minded 
and  the  short-haired  women  as  we  used  to,  and  the  present  seriousness  of  the 
opposition  as  compared  with  the  flippancy  of  the  former  time  is  very  evi- 
dent   The  woman  suffragists  have  succeeded  in  getting  their  propaganda  past 


1 5  so  APPENDIX. 

the  period  in  which  ridicule  was  the  principal  weapon  of  assault  upon  them. 
Their  antagonists  have  to  be  serious  and  in  earnest  The  debate  is  on  a  more 
dignified  plane  than  it  was ;  and  so  far  Miss  Anthony  and  her  fellow  workers 
have  won  the  victory. 

Worcester  (Mass.)  Telegram:  The  American  people  are  the  better  for  the 
life  work  of  Miss  Anthony,  and  they  will  improve  faster  when  they  adopt 
more  of  her  ideas  for  the  standards  of  right 

Lawrence  (Mass.)  Tribune:  A  fine  type  of  American  womanhood  has 
passed  away  in  the  death  of  Susan  B.  Anthony.  Though  she  failed  to  accom- 
plish her  life  mission,  the  securing  of  woman  suffrage,  she  was  successful  in 
advancing  mightily  the  cause  of  a  higher  humanity. 

North  Adams  (Mass.)  Transcript:  To  Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  close  of 
whose  long  life  of  endeavor  and  achievement  came  today,  is  accorded  the 
honor  that  belongs  to  one  who  represented  as  fine  a  type  of  devotion  to  prin- 
ciple as  any  that  our  national  history  records.  Those  of  the  younger  genera- 
tion can  hardly  conceive  the  bitterness  of  the  opposition  which  met  her  early 
efforts,  so  foreign  is  it  to  the  spirit  of  toleration  which  prevails  today.  To  her 
was  given  the  privilege  of  seeing  scorn  turned  to  respect,  derision  to  admira- 
tion. Hers  was  a  rare  triumph,  the  completeness  of  which  was  not  measured 
by  the  political  standard  which  she  had  set 

To  Miss  Anthony's  courage,  her  devotion,  her  sound  judgment  as  to  meth- 
ods, a  quality  which  she  possessed  in  rare  degree  for  one  so  strongly  moved 
by  the  reformer's  instinct,  are  due  much  of  the  gradual  change  in  public  atti- 
tude, the  increasing  respect  given  to  advocacy  of  the  cause,  even  on  the  part 
of  those  who  do  not  agree  with  its  political  phases.  For  Miss  Anthony  it  was 
a  personal  triumph,  carrjring  with  it  the  advancement  of  the  cause  she  had 
made  her  own. 

To  the  town  of  Adams,  to  the  Berkshires  as  a  whole,  it  is  an  honor  which 
time  will  not  lessen,  to  have  sent  out  the  woman  capable  of  so  signally  influ- 
encing the  social  and  political  history  of  the  country,  and,  through  America, 
of  the  world.  How  much  of  her  strength  of  character  and  her  loftiness  of 
purpose  is  to  be  attributed  to  the  influences  of  her  early  surroundings  among 
the  foothills  of  Greylock  we  cannot,  of  course,  know.  But  certain  it  is  that  all 
the  inspiration  of  the  mountains  was  hers,  that  the  singleness  of  her  purpose 
and  the  completeness  of  her  devotion  were  such  as  we  are  accustomed  to  asso- 
ciate with  the  highest  human  manifestations  of  the  "spirit  of  the  mountains." 

It  would  be  fitting,  indeed,  were  her  last  resting  place  to  be  at  the  foot  of 
Greylock,  under  whose  shadow  she  began  to  develop  the  purpose  that  made 
her  a  leader  among  men  and  women,  Berkshire's  best  contribution  to  human 
progress. 

Portsmouth  (N.  H.)  Times:  Every  important  movement  in  the  country, 
looking  to  the  advancement  of  woman,  and  her  equality  with  man  before  the 
law,  has  had  the  aid  of  her  influence,  if  it  has  not  been  initiated  through  her 


APPENDIX.  1 55 1 

efforts.  Miss  Anthony,  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  Lucy  Stone,  Mary  A.  Liver- 
more  and  Julia  Ward  Howe  made  up  a  quintette  of  leaders,  whose  equals  in 
ability  have  been  seldom  found  in  the  direction  of  any  cause.  Their  work  on 
earth  is  done  but  its  influence  remains  and  will  be  felt  until  the  day  of  com- 
plete triumph  arrives. 

Concord  (N.  H.)  Patriot:  Certainly  among  those  who  have  done  things, 
the  name  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  must  be  written  high,  and  the  beauty  of  it  is, 
and  the  pride  of  it  is,  that  her  struggle  was  ever  in  the  direction  of  lifting  men 
and  women  to  higher  planes  of  living,  of  broadening  woman's  freedom,  of  a 
more  just  and  equitable  administration  of  the  law,  of  clothing  women  with 
those  commonest  and  best  established  of  rights,  legal,  moral  and  natural, 
which  their  brothers  enjoy. 


Providence  (R.  I.)  Tribune:  The  brutal  truth  is  that  the  late  Susan  B. 
Anthony  in  leaving  the  whole  of  her  estate  to  "the  cause"  with  which  she  was 
identified,  was  as  guilty  of  misusing  money  as  is  the  man  who  buys  good 
dinners  for  himself  downtown  while  his  children  at  home  are  ill  fed  and 
scantily  clad.  The  cause  of  woman  suffrage  could  not  be  perceptibly  advanced 
by  an  infinitely  larger  subsidizing  than  she  was  able  to  give  it;  and  if  her 
sister  or  other  relatives  did  not  need  her  money,  she  should  have  left  it  to 
some  institution  that  could  use  it  for  the  practical  alleviation  of  some  of  the 
real  sufferings  of  humanity.  It  is  not  permitted,  from  the  point  of  view  of 
either  Christian  ethics  or  sound  economics,  to  say  that  she  had  a  right  to  do 
with  her  own  as  she  pleased.  The  responsibility  for  the  helpful  disposition  of 
accumulated  money  which  its  possessor  no  longer  requires,  lies  as  heavily  on 
the  person  with  a  modest  fortune  as  on  the  wealthiest  of  multi-millionaires. 


New  Haven  (Conn.)  Leader:  Who  can  doubt  that  this  splendid  woman 
would  have  been  a  splendid  wife  had  she  seen  fit  to  give  her  love  to  one  of 
those  who  sought  it?  Who  can  doubt  that  such  a  woman  would  have  been 
happier  if  given  a  companionship  worthy  of  her  splendid  qualities  of  heart 
and  mind,  or  that  she  fully  realized  the  charms  of  such  a  companionship? 

She  denied  herself  all  things  that  might  take  strength  and  inclination  away 
from  the  work  to  which  she  consecrated  her  life.  She  lived  and  she  died  a 
loyal,  loving  life — a  life  freely  given  to  the  cause  of  her  sex.  The  world  does 
not  yet  realize  how  much  Susan  B.  Anthony  accomplished  for  the  human  race. 

Meriden  (Conn.)  Journal:  Her  influence  in  the  elevation  of  women  has 
beyond  question  exceeded  that  of  any  other  individual.  Suffrage  was  not 
comprehended  in  Miss  Anthony's  original  intentions.  She  found  women  shut 
out  from  the  management  of  social  and  moral  reforms,  purely  because  they 
were  women,  and  the  men  of  that  day  distrusted  the  ability  of  women  to  direct 
with  wisdom  political  or  moral  movements.  They  were  willing  to  accept  their 
services  as  workers  and  helpers  in  a  good  cause,  but  they  denied  to  women 
leadership  or  responsibility.   .   .   . 


1552  APPENDIX. 

When  Miss  Anthony  began  her  life  work,  organizations  of  women  were 
almost  unknown  or  confined  to  the  narrowest  limits  of  church  work.  There 
are  now  many  national  organizations  of  women,  whose  work,  while  various, 
is  entirely  for  laudable  objects — ^the  amelioration  of  the  woes  of  mankind  and 
the  elevation  of  the  masses.  That  the  suffrage  movement  has  had  great  influ- 
ence in  bringing  women  to  leading  positions  in  sociological  and  reform  move- 
ments is  manifest   .   .   . 

Miss  Anthony  was  a  woman  of  remarkable  ability,  of  the  highest  personal 
character,  of  most  lovable  disposition  and  faithful  to  the  last  to  the  cause  to 
which  she  devoted  all  her  energies.  She  was  a  true  friend  to  humanity  every- 
where, and  in  her  death  the  world  loses  one  who  lived  only  to  do  good. 

Ansonia  (Conn.)  Sentinel:  The  death  of  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  removed 
from  life  one  who  held  self  as  the  last  and  least  consideration.  She  never 
allowed  herself  to  grieve  over  insults.  She  spent  no  time  in  bemoaning  de- 
fects. She  worked,  and  worked  hard,  to  accomplish  a  definite  end  for  man- 
kind and  womankind,  and  few  women  have  expended  so  much  energy  in  be- 
half of  others  and  still  retained  an  abundance  of  vitality  after  passing  the  age 
of  four  score.  Her  trials  seemed  to  make  her  the  lovelier  and  her  courage 
the  stronger.  She  looked  failure  calmly  in  the  face  and  defied  it.  Her  life- 
work  was  justified  and  it  bore  abundant  fruit  for  humanity. 


Camden  (N.  J.)  Courier:  Miss  Anthony  was  the  life  and  soul  of  the 
women's  rights  movement,  and  throughout  her  active  efforts  in  that  behalf 
retained  the  admiration  of  her  associates  and  the  respect  of  all  her  fellow 
citizens  without  regard  to  creed  or  party. 


Philadelphia  Inquirer:  H  there  are  those  who  think  that  Susan  B.  An- 
thony's career  was  a  failure  because  she  did  not  secure  the  enfranchisement  of 
women  in  all  States,  they  are  the  more  deceived.  Few  individuals  have  seen 
so  much  accomplished  which  was  due  as  much  to  a  single  initiative.  A 
Quaker  by  descent,  educated  in  a  Philadelphia  Quaker  academy,  she  threw  off 
conservatism  in  youth  and  caused  the  Nation  to  stand  aghast  because  she 
appeared  in  public  as  a  speaker  in  defiance  of  the  command  of  Paul  that 
women  should  remain  silent. 

There  were  many  years  of  intense  criticism  and  objurgation,  but  she  never 
swerved  from  her  course  and  she  succeeded  beyond  what  was  considered 
possible  when  she  began  her  campaign.  She  lived  to  see  women  fully  enfran- 
chised in  four  States,  and  partly  enfranchised  in  many  others,  but  this  was  the 
least  of  her  accomplishments.  It  was  due  to  her  more  than  anyone  else  that  a 
woman  has  not  only  all  the  rights  possessed  by  a  man,  but  many  more.  There 
is  no  nation  in  the  world  where  the  rights  of  women  are  conserved  as  here 
and  where  they  are  awarded  so  many  privileges.  When  Miss  Anthony  was 
young,  woman  had  an  inferior  position  before  the  law,  both  as  to  rights  in 
property  and  in  the  control  of  her  own  children.  All  these  ancient  barriers 
have  been  swept  away. 


APPENDIX.  1553 

In  recent  years  "Aunt  Susan"  has  been  an  apostle  of  light  and  love.  She 
has  lived  down  all  opposition  and  goes  to  her  grave  mourned  and  lamented  by 
a  whole  nation  which  she  has  done  so  much  to  uplift  So  long  as  womankind 
have  such  champions  they  are  in  no  danger,  and  when  women  really  want  the 
ballot  they  will  get  it 

Philadelphia  Telegraph:  Miss  Anthony  was  the  last  of  a  great  group  of 
fearless  spirits  who  were  profoundly  moved  to  missionary  effort  on  behalf  of 
their  own  sex,  and  in  an  even  larger  way  on  behalf  of  a  race  downtrodden  and 
in  bondage.  While  her  crusade  for  the  political  redemption  of  women  failed 
of  the  large  measure  of  success  she  hoped  for,  it  is  certain  that  their  liberation 
from  the  chains  of  prejudice  which  bound  them  with  legal  and  social  restric- 
tions, dates  from  the  movement  to  endow  them  with  the  powers  of  the  elec- 
torate. If  the  intelligence,  the  wisdom  and  the  moral  support  of  women  are 
sought  for  measures  having  in  view  the  common  good,  it  is  because  they  have 
been  awakened  to  their  co-responsibility  with  men  in  maintaining  those  insti- 
tutions which  sustain,  uplift  and  broaden  the  State;  and  this  awakening  was 
due  very  largely  to  the  steady,  unflinching  preachment  of  the  doctrine  of 
universal  suffrage  as  an  individual  right  The  extension  of  the  franchise  to 
woman  has  not  come,  except  in  a  restricted  sense;  but  more  and  more  her 
influence  in  our  political  affairs  shows  itself  in  our  public  life,  and  no  one  can 
say  or  will  say  that  that  influence  has  been  other  than  stimulating  to  the 
progress  of  civilization.  The  long,  patient  and  persistent  apostleship  of  Susan 
B.  Anthony  was  not  in  vain. 

Philadelphia  Press:  Miss  Anthony  was  of  the  moral  fibre  of  which  martyrs 
are  made.  In  this  country  there  is  no  field  for  such  people  except  as  reform- 
ers. Miss  Anthony  was  a  reformer  by  nature  and  became  very  early  a  re- 
former by  profession.  .  .  .  She  brought  to  the  cause  of  Woman  Suffrage 
powers  of  persuasion,  organizing  ability,  persistence  and  an  intensity  of  con- 
viction that  soon  won  her  friends,  allies  and  disciples  who  became  an  organ- 
ized association  and  have  carried  on  the  propaganda  ever  since.   .   .   . 

The  progress  in  remedial  legislation  to  secure  women's  personal  and  prop- 
erty rights  has  been  more  marked,  and,  we  believe,  more  important  than  the 
gains  in  suffrage.  The  two  reforms  have  gone  together,  advocated  largely  by 
the  same  people,  and,  considered  by  results,  have  proved  one  of  the  most 
fruitful  and  important  movements  of  the  century.  Miss  Anthony's  part  in 
the  movement  was  a  leading  and  directing  one  for  fifty  years  and  entitles  her 
to  rank  as  one  of  the  world's  great  women. 

Philadelphia  Record:  No  one  will  deny  that  the  legal  maxim  that  husband 
and  wife  are  one,  and  the  husband  is  the  one,  has  worked  incalculable  hard- 
ship and  cruelty  to  women.  Most  of  their  legal  disabilities  have  been  removed. 
In  many  States  about  all  of  their  disabilities,  other  than  political,  have  been 
removed.  In  this  reformatory  legislation  the  women-suffragists  have  taken 
a  leading  part.  It  may  be  argued  that  the  willingness  of  men  to  do  justice  to 
women  when  asked  proves  that  women  do  not  need  the  ballot,  and  it  may 


1554  APPENDIX. 

be  argued  that  the  social  reforms  achieved  by  women  demonstrate  that  they 
ought  to  have  power  to  achieve  further  reforms.  At  any  rate,  the  personal 
and  property  rights  of  women  have  been  practically  created  by  the  suffragists, 
among  whom  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  one  of  the  most  eminent 

Pittsburg  Press:  But  will  this  splendid  struggle  go  down  in  the  annals  of 
failure  because  woman's  emancipation,  as  Miss  Anthony  understood  it,  is  as 
yet  accomplished  only  in  a  few  Western  States?  While  striving  for  woman 
suffrage  she  accomplished  more  good  in  the  cause  of  women  than  even  she 
seems  to  have  realized.  Woman's  right  to  an  education,  her  successful  advent 
in  the  business  world,  her  wide  influence  in  all  matters  connected  with  the 
educating  and  training  of  children,  the  weight  of  her  opinion  in  furthering 
clean  nonpartisan  government  of  cities — ^who  can  say  how  many  of  the  privi- 
leges women  now  enjoy  are  due  to  the  efforts  of  this  wonderful  woman  who 
died  thinking  her  life  a  failure  1  Like  many  other  world  benefactors,  she  fell 
short  of  her  direct  aim,  but  still  did  more  for  humanity  than  she  set  out  to  do. 

Miss  Anthony,  with  her  enthusiasm,  her  untiring  activity,  her  strong  stand 
for  what  she  thought  was  just,  has  inspired  thousands  of  men  and  women  to 
work  with  like  enthusiasm  and  with  the  same  moral  staunchness  for  the  prog- 
ress and  development  of  womanhood.  The  forces  for  good  set  into  activity 
by  her  will  never  die.  Far  from  failing,  she  achieved  a  success  that  will  con- 
tinue to  grow  and  brighten  till  the  end.  And  thus  must  every  great  life  be 
judged — ^not  by  what  it  harvests,  but  by  what  it  sows. 

Pittsburg  Post:  Miss  Anthony's  whole  life  was  devoted  to  the  purpose  of 
uplifting  humanity.  Particularly  did  she  strive  to  improve  the  condition  of 
her  sister  women,  but  her  broad  sympathies  were  not  confined  to  them,  and 
her  good  works  largely  inured  to  the  benefit  of  the  sterner  as  well  as  the 
gentler  sex.  .  .  . 

Her  work  in  the  cause  of  temperance  and  of  religion  would  be  alone  worthy 
of  high  praise.  Her  influence  was  not  confined  to  this  country  but  extended 
throughout  the  world,  and  her  death  will  be  universally  regretted,  for  she  was 
in  truth  a  noble  woman. 

Chester  (Penn.)  Republican:  There  was  absolutely  nothing  personal  in 
Miss  Anthony's  mission.  She  really  wanted  nothing  for  herself.  Never  did 
a  knight  of  old  who  put  his  lady's  glove  at  his  spearhead  and  started  out  to 
right  the  wrongs  of  the  fair  sex,  have  a  more  disinterested  motive.  She  wanted 
equality;  not  for  Susan  B.  Anthony,  not  because  she  was  a  woman,  but  she 
wanted  equality  for  women.  She  asked  no  political  favor  for  herself,  aimed 
at  no  ultimate  benefit  for  herself ;  she  asked  equality  for  women.  And  not  for 
women  who  loved  her  either,  but  for  women  who  laughed  at  her,  insulted  her, 
who  refused  her  proffered  help  with  malicious  laughter  or  well-bred  smiles 
of  indifference.  Miss  Anthony's  principal  struggle  was  with  those  whom  she 
most  desired  to  help.    Had  every  woman  in  the  United  States  helped  Miss 


APPENDIX.  1 555 

Anthony  to  insist  upon  woman  suffrage,  her  fight  would  have  been  over  years 
ago  and  she  would  today  lie  a  crowned  victor  in  the  struggle. 

After  all,  there  is  more  in  woman  suffrage  than  at  first  appears.  Let  any 
woman  in  the  United  States  commit  a  crime.  She  will  be  tried  by  a  jury  of 
men,  before  a  Judge  who  is  a  man ;  and  yet  women  are  more  likely  to  under- 
stand women  than  men.  Why  should  she  be  debarred  from  the  ballot  and  a 
right  of  equal  suffrage?  These  are  all  questions  which  Miss  Anthony  has  de- 
bated for  years.  Of  course,  if  women  do  not  want  to  vote,  they  surely  have 
the  privilege  of  joining  the  hangers-back  who  sit  mutely  by  and  refuse  their 
aid  to  the  struggle.  .  .  .  Every  woman  should  see  in  her  a  friend,  a  cham- 
pion and  a  well-wisher,  and  breathe  over  her  cold  form  a  little  word  of  thanks 
for  the  good  she  wished  them  and  would  have  done  them. 

York  (Pa.)  Dispatch:  That,  as  a  human  being,  Miss  Anthony's  life  was  a 
splendid  success  there  can  be  but  little  doubt  in  the  mind  of  any  reasonable 
person;  whether  or  not  she  was  a  success  as  a  woman  is  a  question  open  to 
debate — ^and  in  this  latter  statement  lies  no  reflection  on  her  spinsterhood ; 
while  her  winning  personality,  her  brilliancy  of  mind  and  her  oratorical  ability 
are  given  full  consideration. 

That  Miss  Anthony  was  self-sacrificing,  that  she  devoted  her  life  to  the 
helping  of  others,  that  she  was  a  pure,  noble  woman  with  the  highest  ideals — 
these  qualities  and  many  others  are  beyond  all  cavil.  But  despite  all  she  ac- 
complished, the  question  arises  as  to  what  might  have  been  the  result  if  she 
and  her  thousands  of  spinster  supporters  had  married,  had  had  sons  and  had 
thoroughly  imbued  these  young  men  with  their  exalted  ideals.  Woman  was 
created  as  a  helpmeet  for,  not  as  a  competitor  to  man.  Temperance  must 
come  from  within,  as  opposed  to  without.  The  hope  of  the  world  lies  in  its 
children.  Mothers  are  the  inspiration  of  almost  every  good  course  that  is 
held  in  the  world.  The  example  of  Victoria  the  Good  did  more  to  make  Eng- 
land relatively  decent  than  all  the  writings  and  lectures  of  the  united,  strong- 
minded  spinsterhood  of  the  empire  combined — ^and  these  are  but  a  few  of  the 
reasons  that  cause  The  Dispatch  to  state  that  Susan  B.  Anthony's  success  as 
a  woman  is  open  to  debate. 

Wilkesbarre  (Penn.)  Record:  The  death  of  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  brings 
to  mind  the  supremest  devotion  to  principle.  Wherever  the  cause  of  woman 
suffrage  has  gained  a  victory  there  is  the  impress  of  Miss  Anthony's  influence. 

Scranton  (Penn.)  Tribune:  She  was  an  Abolitionist  when  to  plead  the 
cause  of  the  manumission  of  the  slave  demanded  the  heroism  of  an  apostle 
among  the  political  quietists  and  gentiles  of  the  North  and  certain  death  if 
she  sought  to  propagate  them  in  the  South.  Susan  B.  Anthony  had  the  mascu- 
line courage  of  her  masculine  convictions.  In  her  crusade  for  the  abolition  of 
slavery  she  had  to  face  the  howling  mob,  which  in  many  of  its  moods  can  be 
little  differentiated  from  howling  beasts,  but  the  soul  of  that  great  woman 
never  flinched.  She  had  a  mission ;  that  mission  she  was  determined  to  carry 
out,  and  she  did.   .   .   . 


I5S6  APPENDIX. 

Forty  years  ago  when  Miss  Anthony  began  her  agitation  in  behalf  of  the  en- 
franchisement of  women  from  the  artificial  and  political  disabilities  that  are 
the  hereditary  relics  and  conceptions  of  man  in  a  state  of  savagery^  she  had 
as  little  sympathy  from  her  own  sex  as  she  had  from  men  who  did  not  admit 
a  natural  and  inalienable  right  to  make  the  laws  under  which  one  must  live. 
She  was  told  that  women  did  not  want  to  vote,  that  if  they  were  endowed  with 
a  vote  they  would  not  use  it^  or  only  cast  it  at  the  suggestion  or  under  the 
control  of  a  husband  or  other  male  relative.  She  was  ceaselessly  impressed 
with  the  fact  that  the  proper  sphere  of  the  woman  is  the  hearth  and  not  the 
polling  booth ;  she  had  to  listen  to  the  reiterated  asseveration  that  activity  in 
political  affairs  is  inconsistent  with  the  highest  obligations  of  motherhood. 

Miss  Anthony  knew  all  this  more  intimately  and  thoroughly  than  the  most 
disinterested  of  her  counsellors.  Being  a  woman,  the  psychology  of  woman- 
hood was  an  open  book  to  her.  But  for  her  expediency  and  justice  were  not 
synonymous.  Because  women  would  not  in  the  dawn  of  their  emancipation 
make  full  or  free  use  of  their  prerogative  of  untrammeled  citizenship  was  no 
reason  why  they  should  be  disinherited  of  its  privileges  and  aspirations.  Evo- 
lution, she  was  aware,  is  very  slow,  very  tedious,  incomprehensible  in  many 
of  its  manifestations.  What  was  right  was  right  in  her  eyes,  no  matter  whether 
it  was  a  benefit  accepted  or  deferred.  If  women  would  not  avail  themselves 
of  the  right  of  suffrage  it  was  no  excuse  for  withholding  it,  at  least  until  after 
the  experiment  had  been  made. 


Baltimore  American:  Miss  Anthony  was  not  always  the  recipient  of  popu- 
lar favor.  Many  now  living  can  recall  very  stormy  episodes  in  her  life;  in 
fact,  the  early  part  of  her  career  was  pretty  much  all  storms  without  a  ray  of 
sunshine.  She  came  before  the  public  at  a  time  when  female  orators  on  a 
public  platform  were  not  only  a  novelty  but  a  severe  shock  to  the  general 
sense  of  propriety.  She  rapidly  developed  remarkable  power  as  a  speaker  but 
the  fact  was  lost  sight  of  in  the  universal  prejudice.  She  and  her  sisters  on 
the  platform  were  for  many  years  the  sport  of  the  ruder  spirits  who  haunted 
their  meetings,  while  the  better  element  looked  askance  or  openly  denounced 
their  appearance  in  public.  This  was  particularly  true  of  the  period  prior  to 
the  Civil  War,  when  they  were  principally  engaged  in  the  temperance  and 
antislavery  movements.  i 

At  the  close  of  the  war  came  toleration.  Miss  Anthony's  championship  of 
woman  suffrage  excited  incredulity  and  sometimes  division,  but  vituperation 
and  rowdyism  had  been  conquered  by  the  evident  sincerity  of  the  woman  and 
the  plausibility  with  which  she  presented  her  case.  There  has  rarely  been  a 
more  striking  instance  of  conquered  prejudice.   ...  • 

She  lived  to  see  her  principles  established  and  put  into  practice  in  several 
States  of  the  Union,  a  triumph  which  is  not  always  vouchsafed  to  reformers, 
and  she  lived  to  see  women  welcomed  on  the  platform  with  pleasure  and  ad- 
miration, a  victory  of  no  mean  order  when  her  own  receptions  by  the  public 
for  a  number  of  jrears  are  borne  in  mind.  But  the  greatest  triumph  of  all — 
and  she  may  be  fairly  regarded  as  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  movement— she 
lived  to  see  women  lifted  up  from  their  helpless  and  aimless  condition  in  so- 


APPENDIX.  1557 

ciety  to  a  state  of  independence  which  enables  Ihem  to  share  honestly  in  the 
struggle  for  existence  and  contribute  their  part  to  the  sum  of  human  happiness 
and  progress. 

Baltimore  News:  Amid  the  discordant  tendencies,  the  doubts  and  hesita- 
tions, the  deceptions  and  disappointments  of  practical  life,  whether  in  the  field 
of  politics  or  of  business  activity,  a  life  like  Susan  B.  Anthony's  appears  pe- 
culiarly enviable.  Animated  by  a  single  unwavering  purpose;  never  troubled 
by  a  moment's  doubt  as  to  the  justice  or  the  high  beneficence  of  the  end  for 
which  she  was  striving;  sustained  by  an  unfailing  confidence  that  the  cause 
she  held  so  righteous  and  so  reasonable  would  ultimately  triumph,  this  woman 
must  have  had  three-score  years  of  such  unalloyed  internal  satisfaction  in  her 
work  as  it  is  given  to  few  mortals  to  enjoy.  Progress  enough  there  was  in 
the  propaganda  to  which  she  devoted  her  life,  to  furnish  her  with  such  a 
measure  of  the  outward  and  visible  tokens  of  success  as  to  save  her  from  any 
necessity  of  growing  into  either  a  recluse  or  a  fanatic  in  order  to  maintain 
her  unflinching  attitude. 

Woman  suffrage  itself  has  obtained  something  of  a  foothold;  and  collateral 
changes  have  taken  place  which  an  advocate  of  woman  suffrage  may  claim  as 
due  in  no  small  measure  to  the  suffrage  agitation.  Women's  legal  rights  have 
been  vastly  enlarged  since  Miss  Anthony  began  her  work;  the  higher  educa- 
tion of  women  has  been  developed  with  revolutionary  completeness.  As  she 
looked  back  over  these  changes  which  had  occurred  during  her  long  life — a 
life  which  combined  in  a  remarkable  measure  a  true  strenuousness  with  a  rare 
serenity — Miss  Anthony  might  well  have  felt  a  glow  of  satisfaction  over  and 
above  that  which  goes  with  the  consciousness  of  life-long  steadfastness  in 
faith  and  in  works. 

Baltimore  Herald:  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  who  died  yesterday,  consecrated 
her  life  to  an  idea.  She  believed  that  the  women  of  America  were  cruelly 
and  savagely  oppressed,  and  that  their  natural  lords  and  protectors  denied 
them  rights  given  to  them  by  their  Creator.  And  so  she  spent  sixty-five  years 
making  speeches  and  converts. 

It  would  be  idle,  of  course,  to  deny  the  usefulness  of  such  a  life,  but  it  would 
be  idle  also  to  accept  Miss  Anthony's  scheme  of  things  without  argument  and 
at  her  own  valuation.  Her  sacrifices,  her  splendid  heroism  and  her  genuine 
sincerity  are  not  proofs  that  she  was  right.  Like  the  crusaders  who  died  upon 
the  battlements  of  Jerusalem,  she  gave  everything  for  an  idea.  And  like  these 
same  crusaders  she  often  lost  sight  of  other  ideas  equally  beautiful  and  sublime. 

Nevertheless,  such  lives  are  of  infinite  value  to  the  human  race.  Right  or 
wrong,  Miss  Anthony  was  a  valiant  soldier.  She  labored,  she  suffered  and 
she  kept  the  faith.  We  Americans  may  not  accept  her  gospel,  but  we  should  at 
least  thank  the  fates  for  the  fragrance  of  her  memory. 

Baltimore  Telegram:  Calmly  Miss  Anthony  went  to  her  rest,  and  left  be- 
hind her  a  record  of  "well  done,  thou  good  and  faithful  servant"  We  realize 
that  we  have  lost  a  noble  woman  with  broad  sympathies  and  a  determination 
to  uplift  her  fellow  travellers;  we  know  that  she  is  one  that  it  is  difficult  to 


1558  APPENDIX. 

replace,  and  we  stand  in  awe  before  the  outgoing,  the  closing  of  the  gates,  the 
knowledge  that  it  is  forever.  We  may  expect  no  return.  The  fine  presence, 
the  amiable  countenance,  the  encouraging  smile  will  no  longer  perform  their 
mission  here,  but  a  voice  from  mysterious  distances  tells  us  that  the  soul  of 
the  departed  will  expand  and  develop  beyond  the  comprehension  of  mortals. 

She  was  the  central  figure  of  the  recent  convention,  and  it  was  wonderful 
that  a  woman  of  her  age  possessed  the  power  to  sway  the  large  audiences  by 
the  force  of  her  magnetism,  the  attractiveness  of  her  personality.  It  was  be- 
cause she  lived  abreast  with  every  moment  and  refused  to  give  Age  the  right 
to  wither  her.  ...  It  was  the  devotion  to  her  family  and  friends,  the  sac- 
rificial spirit  and  the  high  integrity  which  won  universal  respect  These  will 
be  inscribed  indelibly  upon  the  tablet  of  the  influence  she  bequeathed  to  hu- 
manity. Miss  Anthony  was  indeed  beyond  the  cause  she  championed,  that 
was  why  she  gave  it  strength  and  dignity;  she  lived  above  the  taunts  of  op- 
posers  because  she  was  pure-minded,  and,  well  sustained  in  her  belief,  she 
feared  nothing,  endured  much  and  triumphed  splendidly.  The  world  is  the 
loser  by  the  death  of  Susan  B.  Anthony. 

Baltimore  5*1411:  Long  life  enabled  her  to  see  a  day  in  which  the  male  pub- 
lic treats  woman  suffrage  with  kindly  interest,  instead  of  obloquy,  and  almost 
wonders  at  the  steady  conservatism  of  most  women  with  regard  to  the  ex- 
tension of  the  ballot  to  the  fair  sex. 

From  sketch  in  Baltimore  Sun:  For  years  Miss  Anthony's  name  has  been 
linked  with  every  notable  movement  in  behalf  of  securing  greater  privileges 
for  the  fair  sex,  and  to  the  defense  of  the  cause  she  brought  intellectual  gifts 
of  a  high  order.  Her  brilliancy  of  mind  and  oratorical  ability  were  supple- 
mented by  a  winning  personality,  and  by  thousands  of  woman  suffragists  she 
was  spoken  of  in  the  most  enduring  terms.    .    .    . 

It  has  been  said  that  Susan  B.  Anthony's  strongest  characteristic  is  courage. 
She  needed  and  exercised  every  bit  that  she  possessed  after  that  first  rebellion. 
Fearlessly  and  valiantly  she  led  the  way  along  the  unknown  trail  that  leads  to 
equal  suffrage  and  the  world  poured  a  hot-shot  volley  of  ridicule,  calumny  and 
opposition  down  on  her  and  on  the  little  advance  guard  that  was  brave  enough 
to  follow  her.    :    .    . 

She  preached  the  doctrine  of  suffrage  and  equal  rights,  and  no  one  grasped 
her  message,  not  even  the  women  themselves.  Her  very  name  became  a  term 
of  derision.  She  was  caricatured,  insplted,  jeered,  denounced,  and  still  she 
went  on  preaching.  Fifty  years  ago  woman's  rights  stood  for  dress  reform, 
for  neglected  home  duties,  for  so-called  unwomanly  women  and  for  rabid  po- 
litical tendencies.  Susan  B.  Anthony  said  that  woman  should  have  the  right 
to  vote.  She  tried  to  teach  women  their  own  power  with  the  ballot,  and  they 
laughed  at  her  and  said  they  didn't  want  it    .    .    . 

Out  of  her  long  life  of  constant  struggle  and  anxiety,  during  which  for 
many  years  her  portion  was  abuse,  hatred,  ridicule  and  aspersion,  Susan  B. 
Anthony  reaped  only  optimism.  Not  the  optimism  of  the  enthusiast,  the 
fanatic,  who  wraps  himself  in  the  mantle  of  an  idea  and  refuses  to  look  at  the 


APPENDIX.  1559 

rest  of  the  world  of  ideas.  Hers  was  the  clear-sighted,  sure  optimism  of  genius 
that  sees  very  far  ahead  and  is  satisfied.    .    .    . 

Just  why  Miss  Anthony  more  than  all  the  other  early  advocates  of  woman 
suffrage  was  picked  out  for  personal  abuse  is  not  clear  at  the  present  time. 
No  one  who  knows  her  can  understand  it.  No  woman  of  her  dignity,  sweet- 
ness and  gracious  womanliness  could  ever  have  been  the  unsexed  virago  de- 
scribed in  the  newspapers  of  forty  years  ago.  It  is  possible  that  the  fact  of 
her  being  unmarried  had  something  to  do  with  it  In  her  youth  it  was  a  dis- 
grace and  a  humiliation  to  be  an  "old  maid.''  Mrs.  Stanton,  for  example,  was 
as  persistent  a  fighter,  as  radical  a  thinker  and  in  every  way  as  prominently 
in  public  life.  She  had  the  backing  of  a  husband  and  was  treated  with  a  de- 
gree of  respect  in  consequence. 

Why  Miss  Anthony  never  married  is  best  known  to  herself.  She  was  not 
without  suitors.  The  real  history  has  been  concealed  behind  the  jocular  pro- 
test that  she  could  never  consent  that  one  she  loved  should  be  united  to  a  polit- 
ical pariah.  Probably  no  woman  has  ever  had  more  genuine  comradeship  with 
men.  Men  of  intellect  and  experience  could  always  appreciate  her  keen  logic 
and  sense  of  justice,  while  her  wonderful  knowledge  of  political  history  made 
her  always  a  very  entertaining  companion,  and  once  her  friend,  always  her 
friend,  was  the  rule. 

Washington  (D.  C.)  Evening  Star:  When  the  full  record  of  this  wonderful 
woman's  career  has  been  compiled  it  will  doubtless  be  found  that  she  was  a 
maker  of  history  in  far  more  than  the  advancement  of  the  woman  suffrage 
proposition  from  a  jest  to  a  serious  accomplishment.  The  effect  of  her  work 
and  that  of  her  associates  has  been  to  introduce  women  into  practically  every 
field  of  human  activity.  The  women  lawyers,  physicians,  business  managers, 
clerks,  experts  of  every  description,  who  are  so  numerous  today  owe  their 
opportunity  in  very  large  measure  to  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  those  with  whom 
she  worked  for  so  many  years.  .  .  .  The  transformation  in  the  past  four 
or  five  decades  has  been  no  less  than  phenomenal.  It  is  not  too  much  to  de- 
clare that  the  greater  part  of  this  revolutionary  development  may  be  accred- 
ited to  the  unceasing  efforts  of  Susan  B.  Anthony,  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton 
and  Lucy  Stone.    .    .    . 

Miss  Anthony  was  aggressive,  acutely  intelligent  in  every  maneuver,  re- 
sourceful and  convincing.  To  meet  her  was  a  delight;  to  converse  with  her 
was  a  privilege.  Her  mind  was  of  a  quality  rarely  encountered,  and  she  re- 
tained to  the  end  that  remarkable  precision  of  thought  and  lucidity  of  ex- 
pression which  rendered  her  a  redoubtable  adversary  in  debate. 

Washington  has  for  many  years  regarded  Miss  Anthony  as  a  citizen  ex- 
officio.  Winter  after  winter  she  came  here  to  pursue  her  task  as  a  special 
pleader  before  Congress  for  the  enactment  of  a  constitutional  amendment  ad- 
mitting women  to  the  suffrage.  She  persisted  in  the  face  of  forbidding  ob- 
stacles. She  did  not  live  to  see  her  supreme  object  accomplished,  but  she  did 
live  to  see  many  of  the  States  accept  the  doctrine  of  equal  suffrage,  and  she 
had  at  least  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  she  had  won  the  sincere  respect 
of  the  entire  country  for  her  singleness  of  purpose,  her  fidelity  to  her  cause 
and  her  exceptional  ability  as  a  leader  and  advocate.  She  was  in  truth 
Ant.  Ill— 29 


1560  APPENDIX. 

America's  grand  old  woman,  and  her  admirers,  numbered  today  by  the  mil- 
lions, feel  that  one  has  passed  whose  like  will  seldom  again  be  seen. 

Washington  (D.  C.)  Post:  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  an  extraordinary  woman, 
who,  enveloped  in  a  delusion,  pursued  a  phantom  for  more  than  threescore 
years.  She  had  persuaded  herself  that  her  sex  was  the  victim  of  man's 
tyranny  and  man's  perfidy,  and  she  became  a  leader  of  that  circle  of  mascu- 
line womanhood  that  clamored  for  **woman's  rights,"  even  as  Don  Quixote 
set  himself  to  redress  woman's  wrongs;  but  the  world  went  jogging  along  in 
the  same  old  rut,  believing  that  it  was  Darb/s  business  to  plow  the  glebe  and 
Joan's  work  to  sweep  the  room. 

Who  of  us  would  not  prefer  Ruth  to  wife  than  Jael?  Some  half-a-dozen 
centuries  ago  that  was  a  masculine  woman  who  was  possessed  of  the  crown 
matrimonial  of  England — Margaret  of  Anjou.  She  was  a  heroine  wedded 
to  a  weakling,  and  she  ruled  her  lord  and  the  realm  with  a  rod  of  iron.  Ca- 
ligula was  little  more  cruel.    In  that  same  age  lived  Chaucer's  sweetheart : 

"I  saw  her  dance  so  comelily, 
Carol  and  sing  so  sweetly, 
And  laugh  and  play  so  womanly, 
And  look  so  debonairly, 
That,  certes,  I  trow  that  nevermore 
Was  seen  so  blissful  a  treasure. 
For  every  hair  upon  her  head 
Sooth  to  say,  it  was  not  red, 
Nor  yellow,  neither,  nor  brown  it  was. 
But,  oh !  what  eyes  my  lady  had, 
Debonair,  goode,  glad  and  sad. 
Simple,  of  good  size,  not  too  wide. 
Thereto  her  look  was  not  aside 
Nor  overwart.** 

Can  you  imagine  her  on  the  stump  shrieking  politics?  On  the  contrary,  she 
is  the  home  body,  fit  to  wife  some  good  man,  or  to  gird  the  sword  on  some 
brave  man,  or  be  the  mother  of  some  sturdy  boy  or  lovely  lass — that  is  her 
mission  in  life.  There  are  millions  and  millions  of  her,  and  she  pesters  her 
mind  naught  about  **rights"  and  "freedom"  and  "suffrage"  and  things  foreign 
to  her  estate.  Her  duty  is  to  be  a  good  woman,  a  faithful  wife,  a  fond  mother 
— ^to  such,  rights  come  in  troops.  If  she  only  make  her  husband  happy,  he  will 
embarrass  her  with  the  number  of  rights  he  will  bestow  upon  her. 

While  Napoleon's  answer  to  Madam  de  Stael  was  impertinent  and  disgrace- 
ful, yet  woman's  sphere  is  not  political  but  domestic.  It  was  a  fine  compli- 
ment great  Marcius  paid  to  his  mother:  "Hadst  thou  been  wife  to  Hercules, 
six  of  his  labors  thou  wouldst  have  done,  and  saved  your  husband  so  much 
sweat,"  but  that  was  poetry;  besides,  Volumnia  was  not  a  womanly  woman. 
She  was  a  Jael,  a  Margaret  of  Anjou,  a  Boadicea.  We  prefer  the  gentle  Ruth, 
the  lively  Rosaline,  the  lovely  sweetheart  old  Chaucer  tells  us  of. 

Man's  hand  is  fitted  to  grasp  the  scepter,  woman's  is  fashioned  for  the 
distaff. 


APPENDIX.  1 56 1 

The  Rev.  Alexander  Kent,  People's  Church,  Washington,  D.  C:  To  her 
dear  vision  and  high  purpose,  her  indomitable  energy,  her  self-denying,  self- 
sacrificing  devotion  to  the  cause  she  had  espoused,  both  men  and  women  owe 
much  for  the  better  conditions  in  which  their  daughters  find  themselves  today. 
And  yet  Miss  Anthony  never  regarded  herself  as  a  martyr  or  posed  as  such. 
She  never  regarded  the  choice  of  the  higher  as  involving  self-denial  or  self- 
sacrifice.  If  it  was  denial  or  sacrifice  of  the  lower  self,  it  was  always  gratifica- 
tion of  the  higher,  and  she  was  ruled  by  the  higher  and  lived  in  the  higher,  far 
more  largely  than  most  people. 

To  be  right  was,  in  her  thought,  a  much  nobler  ambition  than  to  be  popular, 
and  she  never  allowed  others  to  decide  questions  of  right  and  wrong  for  her. 
She  would  act  on  her  own  judgment,  feeling  that  even  if  it  happened  to  be 
wrong  it  was  right  for  her  to  follow  its  dictates.   .   .   . 

Miss  Anthony  was  wholly  out  of  sympathy  with  the  common  religious 
thought,  but  she  had  an  abiding  faith  that  this  universe  is  on  the  side  of  jus- 
tice and  that  soon  or  late  men  will  have  to  adjust  themselves  to  the  laws  of 
life  and  build  up  a  rational,  orderly  and  happy  society.  As  to  the  future,  she  was 
content  to  wait.  She  professed  not  to  know,  but  she  never  doubted  that  the 
best  possible  preparation  for  any  future  life  that  may  come  is  a  life  of  justice 
and  kindness  in  the  present. 

Michael  Edward  Driscoll,  (Repub.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.),  in  the  National  House 
of  Representatives,  March  20,  1906 :  The  true  philosophy  of  life  is  to  grow  old 
gracefully  and  to  continue  young  old  men  and  women,  after  the  example  of 
Benjamin  Franklin,  William  £.  Gladstone,  George  F.  Hoar,  and  the  late  Susan 
B.  Anthony,  of  blessed  memory. 


Cincinnati  Commercial-Tribune:  If  men  were  half  so  earnest  in  their  pur- 
suits as  Susan  Brownell  Anthony  was  in  the  pursuit  of  her  ideal,  greater 
things  would  be  accomplished  and  there  would  be  greater  sincerity  of  purpose 
for  the  foundation  stone.  She  was  a  heroic  character — sincere,  devoted,  per- 
sistent, intellectual  and  forceful.  .   .  . 

She  was  always  consistent,  always  womanly  and  at  no  time  an  antagonist 
whose  forcefulness  was  to  be  overlooked.  She  was  a  great  woman,  a  remark- 
able woman,  lovable  and  beloved,  always  commanding  respect,  ever  courteous 
to  an  enemy,  skilled  in  debate  and  tactful  at  all  times.  She  was  distinctly 
American  and  a  distinctive  American  product.  Whether  she  will  have  a  suc- 
cessor worthy  of  her  strength  and  earnestness  remains  to  be  seen.  In  any 
event,  her  impress  is  on  the  woman  suffrage  movement  for  all  time,  and  her 
name  will  be  linked  with  it  in  success  or  in  failure. 

Cincinnati  Post:  Miss  Anthony  spoke  with  force  and  authority,  and  com- 
pelled the  world  to  listen.  She  was  not  afraid  of  abuse  and  ridicule,  forms  of 
attack  peculiarly  difficult  for  a  woman  to  withstand.  Many  have  conviction. 
Add  to  this  courage,  and  you  have  leadership.  With  conviction  and  courage 
the  power  of  even  the  humblest  individual  is  incalculable.  This  latent  power 
in  every  person  is  one  of  the  things  which  make  life  worth  while. 


1562  APPENDIX. 

Columbus  Post:  The  broad-minded,  progressive,  intelligent  womanhood  of 
the  entire  world  will  mourn  so  accomplished  and  heroic  a  leader.  "Heroic"' 
hardly  seems  the  word  with  which  to  describe  the  beautiful  simplicity  of  the 
Quaker  woman.  Strength  which  was  the  outer  symbol  of  a  mighty  inner  force 
was  the  chief  characteristic  of  Susan  B.  Anthony.  And  yet,  why  not  write 
the  name  of  this  noble  woman  high  among  the  galaxy  of  heroes  whose  names 
are  used  to  conjure  up  courage  and  virtue  and  honor  and  patriotism?  Surely 
no  warrior  ever  showed  a  more  intrepid  spirit  in  the  prosecution  of  the  cause 
which  was  dear  to  his  heart  than  was  shown  by  this  woman,  who  held  aloft 
the  banner  on  which  was  inscribed  complete  liberty  and  equality,  while  count- 
less thousands  of  oppressed  women  saw  their  burdens  lifted  one  by  one  and 
felt  the  proud  freedom  which  the  work  of  this  woman  gained  for  them. 

And  was  she  not  a  queen  in  the  best  sense  of  the  word?  Did  she  not  wear 
the  crown  of  noble  womanhood,  set  with  gems  which  radiated  the  light  of 
liberty  for  her  sex?  Did  she  not  wield  the  scepter  which  arrested  ignorance 
and  subservience  in  their  onward  march  against  the  mothers,  wives,  daugh- 
ters and  sisters  of  the  race?  Did  she  not  lift  all  womankind  from  the  low 
mire  of  mere  existence  and  place  them  upon  the  throne  of  a  lofty  ideal  whose 
guiding  star  was  progress  and  whose  pillar  of  fire  was  the  elevation  of  their 
sister  women?  Yes,  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  one  of  America's  uncrowned 
queens.  She  was  a  member  of  that  galaxy  of  great  women,  among  whom  the 
names  of  Lucretia  Mott,  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  Mary  A.  Livermore,  Frances 
E.  Willard  and  Julia  Ward  Howe  stand  out  like  beacons  of  light  to  all  women 
who  love  purity  and  progress. 

All  of  these  women  but  one,  Julia  Ward  Howe,  have  answered  the  last 
summons,  but  all  as  surely  and  as  vitally  live  in  the  hearts  of  the  people  as  if 
earth  were  not  deprived  of  their  noble  presence.  Virtue  cannot  die,  progress 
cannot  step  backward,  purpose  cannot  become  extinct,  patriotism  cannot  be 
extinguished.  And  thus  it  is  today  that  these  women  are  yet  important  fac- 
tors in  all  the  great  world  movements,  not  only  of  this  day  and  hour  but  of 
all  future  time;  and  thus  it  is  also  that,  while  all  women  mourn  the  death  of 
Susan  B.  Anthony— woman's  loyal  friend — ^and  while  men  bow  their  heads  in 
sorrow  at  the  removal  of  the  great  woman  whom  to  know  was  to  reverence, 
tiiere  is  comfort  in  the  thought  that  all  that  was  noblest  and  best  in  her  life 
has  permeated  and  infused  the  womanhooa  of  the  entire  world. 

Columbus  (O.)  Journal:  The  death  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  removes  from  the 
arena  of  life  one  of  the  most  remarkable  persons  of  the  age.  She  has  been 
generally  regarded  as  simply  an  advocate  of  woman  suffrage — ^the  foremost 
leader  in  that  reform — but  she  was  more.  She  stood  for  the  rights  of  woman 
in  every  phase  of  life.  What  she  has  done  to  establish  the  rights  of  her  sex, 
in  the  courts  and  as  a  member  of  society,  comprises  the  whole  scope  of  wom- 
an's advancement,  so  that  today  all  of  the  civil  rights  that  women  enjoy  be- 
long to  her.  There  is  no  person  in  the  world  whose  memory  the  women 
should  so  tenderly  cherish  as  that  of  Susan  B.  Anthony. 

She  was  a  woman  of  strong  intellect  and  her  thinking  was  vigorous  and 


APPENDIX.  1563 

logical.  She  furnished  the  ideas  for  her  cause  and  she  stood  by  them  with 
courage  until  they  were  accepted  everywhere.  She  failed  to  attain  what  her 
whole  heart  was  set  on,  which  was  woman  suffrage,  but  if  it  ever  comes  it  will 
be  from  the  seeds  that  she  has  sown. 

Qeveland  News:  The  public  life  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  so  thoroughly 
and  prominently  a  part  of  the  history  of  this  country  during  the  most  stren- 
uous period  of  its  progress  that  it  is  familiar  in  almost  every  household  in 
this  nation.   .   .   . 

Fully  alive  to  the  great  possibilities  of  the  American  nation  and  people,  she 
placed,  above  all  other  ambitions,  the  one  point  upon  which  she  deemed  the 
forces  of  freedom  and  progress  weak,  the  refusal  of  the  elective  franchise  to 
women.  To  this  work  of  "liberating  the  American  women"  her  heart,  her 
life-work,  her  eloquent  voice  were  consecrated,  and  a  peculiar  feature  of  such 
advocacy  was  and  is  that  upon  a  square  question  of  equity  there  was  extreme 
difficulty  in  adducing  argument  in  refutation  of  her  claims.  She  had  to  be 
met  upon  other  ground  than  that  of  simple  equity.  No  mind  or  tongue  was 
sufficiently  powerful  to  overcome  constitutional  inhibition  or  legal  restriction. 

Aside  from  the  suffrage  idea,  however,  she  was  one  of  a  company  of  grand 
intellects  ever  alert  and  active  in  the  cause  of  humanity.  Susan  B.  Anthony, 
Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  Lucy  Stone,  Mary  A.  Livermore,  Julia  Ward  Howe, 
Frances  £.  Willard,  and  many  other  grand  names  have  become  an  imperish- 
able part  of  American  history,  and  as  long  as  that  history  is  read,  taught  and 
understood  must  hold  a  firm  place  in  the  hearts  of  the  people. 

Springfield  (O.)  Sun:  Miss  Anthony  was  the  most  unique,  as  well  as  the 
most  powerful  champion  of  the  cause  of  woman's  suffrage.  She  was  strong- 
minded  rather  than  logical  or  analytical  and  she  waged  the  fight  for  almost 
two  generations  with  remorseless  energy  and  unquenchable  zeal.  She  had  no 
enemies  of  any  sort  who  did  not  respect  her  during  her  lifetime,  and  who  will 
not,  now  that  she  has  laid  the  burden  down,  freely  pay  their  tribute  of  venera- 
tion and  admiration  to  a  life  so  blameless  and  nobly  spent.  She  was  a  good 
fighter,  a  good  friend,  a  good  woman.  Her  name  will  be  inseparably  linked 
with  some  of  the  greatest  movements  of  the  first  century  of  the  republic's  ex- 
istence. While  the  names  of  Frances  E.  Willard  and  Mother  Stewart  are  prob- 
ably better  known  in  connection  with  the  temperance  movement,  and  several 
women,  living  and  dead,  vie  with  hers  in  the  greatness  of  their  contributions 
to  the  cause  of  the  Southern  slave  and  of  woman's  right  to  the  ballot,  there  is 
none  which  has  gained  such  imperishable  lustre  in  the  advancement  of  all  three 
movements  and  covering  so  great  a  period  of  time. 

Toledo  (O.)  Blade:  Miss  Anthony  was  a  strong  character,  and  yet  through- 
out her  public  career  of  more  than  half-a-century  she  preserved  those  womanly 
qualities  which  commanded  the  love  and  respect  of  all.  Even  those  who  op- 
posed the  cause  which  she  espoused  admired  her  devotion  to  her  life  mission 
and  those  attributes  which  made  her  a  world-wide  leader  in  great  reforms. 


1564  APPENDIX. 

Indianapolis  Star:  But  to  Miss  Anthony  the  right  to  vote,  the  attainment 
of  political  liberty,  was  the  culmination  of  all  her  hopes,  the  one  achievement 
which  to  her  mind  covered  and  included  all  others  in  the  movement  to  uplift 
women.  It  was  not  that  she  cared  personally  for  the  mere  privilege  of  casting 
a  ballot  for  this  candidate  or  that,  but  for  what  the  act  signified  in  a  broad  way. 
To  her  it  meant  that  with  this  privilege  women  would  become  a  more  impor- 
tant factor  in  the  world's  affairs;  that  they  could  attain  directly  rights  that 
they  now  secure  with  difficulty  and  by  indirection,  if  at  all ;  that  they  would 
gain  in  dignity  and  intelligence  through  the  feeling  of  responsibility  placed 
upon  them,  and  that  they  would  have  a  standing  in  official  and  business  life 
that  is  now  denied  them. 

It  was  a  wonderful  fight  she  waged  during  those  long  years.  Such  single- 
ness of  purpose,  such  earnestness  and  zeal  and  sleepless  energy,  have  probably 
never  before  been  united  in  a  single  individual  in  behalf  of  any  cause  and  for 
such  a  length  of  time  in  the  history  of  the  world.  For  years  she  struggled 
against  great  odds.  The  public  which  is  now  quite  accustomed  to  the  appear- 
ance of  women  on  the  platform  and  even  in  the  pulpit  and  in  all  public  places, 
can  hardly  realize  what  a  shock  it  was  to  popular  opinion  when  she  first  de- 
manded the  right  to  be  heard.  She  was  publicly  insulted,  in  not  a  few  cases 
by  ministers;  her  character  was  assailed,  her  lectures  were  interrupted  riot- 
ously by  people  who  would  not  like  to  be  classed  as  hoodlums ;  she  was  hissed 
and  ridiculed  and  declared  to  be  dangerous,  an  incendiary  creature,  not  fit  to 
be  at  large. 

.  All  these  experiences  of  the  earlier  years  were  hard  to  endure,  yet  in  a  way 
they  no  doubt  served  as  a  stimulus.  They  roused  her  combativeness,  they 
spurred  her  on  to  greater  efforts  and  kept  her  in  the  field  when  indifference 
to  her  proceedings  might  have  brought  discouragement.  Gradually  she  gained 
ground;  her  ideas  seemed  less  revolutionary;  people  began  to  listen  with  re- 
spect and  even  when  they  did  not  accept  her  views  entirely  were  willing  to 
admit  that  to  some  extent  her  cause  was  just.  Many  years  ago  violent  oppo- 
sition ceased  and  intelligent  people  everywhere  recognized  her  as  a  remarkable 
woman  worthy  of  the  highest  praise.   .   .   . 

When  the  names  of  men  and  women  who  have  served  their  fellow  creatures 
unselfishly  are  written  down  in  the  Nation's  roll  of  honor  this  woman  of  high 
courage,  of  steadfast  and  unselfish  purpose,  of  keen  intellect  and  kindly  heart, 
will  take  a  high  place. 

Indianapolis  News:  Full  of  years  and  of  honors,  Susan  B.  Anthony's  career 
has  ended.  Any  one  could  look  with  envy  on  it  Death  in  such  a  case  is 
a  friend  that  brings  a  crown.  She  felt,  it  is  said,  that  it  was  a  privation  ''to 
struggle  for  more  than  sixty  years  for  a  little  liberty  and  then  to  die  without 
it."  That  was  simply  the  spur  of  mortality.  Were  we  ever  to  attain  we  should 
cease  to  strive,  and  so  there  is  a  disposition,  strongest  in  those  worth  it,  to 
feel  that  what  is  done  is  nothing ;  with  everything  gained  the  ideal  expands  still 
and  the  goal  is  farther  off  than  ever.  For  sixty  years  Miss  Anthony  wrought 
for  woman's  freedom,  "a  little  liberty"  she  called  it;  and  because  it  had  not 


APPENDIX.  1565 

come  in  the  shape  of  universal  woman  suffrage  she  seemed  not  to  compre- 
hend how  much  she  had  actually  accomplished. 

When  she  began  to  strive  for  woman's  betterment,  woman  had  not  even 
property  rights ;  she  was  hardly  a  person.  Her  place  and  privileges  today  are 
owing  as  much  to  this  steadfast  soul  as  to  any  one  mortal  factor.  Doubtless 
the  world  has  rolled  into  a  new  morning  since  Miss  Anthony  began  her  labors, 
and  doubtless  much  of  the  change  has  been  due  to  changed  conditions  of  life, 
but  certainly  no  individual  effort  can  be  reckoned  greater  than  hers.  It  is 
true  as  Miss  Shaw  said  to  her,  "Your  splendid  struggle  has  changed  life  for 
women  everywhere". 

Indianapolis  Sun:  A  day  was  when  the  great  woman  suffragist  was  laughed 
at  and  even  had  to  submit  to  arrest  for  the  unheard  of  crime  of  casting  an 
American  ballot.  Today,  hundreds  of  thousands  of  women  in  the  United  States 
have  the  full  prerogatives  of  the  popular  vote  and  make  themselves  felt  in  no 
uncertain  way  at  the  polls.  .  .  .  Her  death  brings  encomiums  for  her  life 
from  all  sides.  It  is  the  best  evidence  that  she  could  want  of  the  success  of 
her  ministry  for  woman.    Her  soul  will  go  marching  on. 

Evansville  (Ind.)  Courier:  The  regrettable  thing  is  not  so  much  that  the 
public  is  less  tolerant  but  that  there  are  so  few  of  the  courage  of  Miss  An- 
thony to  fight  for  an  ideal  against  opposition  and  calumny.  The  life  of  Miss 
Anthony  is  worth  immeasurably  more  to  the  country  than  the  war  talk  of 
Roosevelt,  the  military  spirit  he  tries  to  create.  The  real  heroism  of  life  is  to 
be  sought  for  rather  in  the  lines  of  peace  than  in  the  intoxication  of  battle. 
What  is  needed  is  more  men  and  women  of  the  character  of  Miss  Anthony 
than  military  or  naval  heroes. 


Detroit  (Mich.)  Times:  Susan  B.  Anthony,  who  died  yesterday,  was  a 
radical,  a  persistent  reformer,  an  enthusiast  and  a  heroine.  To  have  all  of 
the  qualities  first  named  insures  one  of  the  last,  for  a  persistent  radical  and 
enthusiastic  reformer  is  always  laughed  it,  scoffed  at  and  abused,  and  must  be 
heroic  to  persist  Miss  Anthony  is  no  exception  to  the  rule.  Few  persons 
in  American  public  life  were  ever  more  vilified  in  print  and  picture  than  she 
used  to  be,  and  few  have  deserved  such  treatment  less. 

She  advocated  many  reforms,  beginning  as  a  girl,  and  keeping  up  the  fight 
until  she  died  at  the  age  of  eighty-six ;  but  the  central  idea  of  her  life  was  that 
women  have  a  right  to  vote  for  the  same  reason  that  men  claim  the  right  to 
vote,  and  nobody  who  starts  with  the  assumption  that  there  is  such  a  thing 
as  a  right  to  vote  in  the  same  sense  that  there  is  such  a  thing  as  a  right  to  life 
or  liberty  ever  answered  her  arguments.  Many  persons  do,  consciously  or  un- 
consciously, admit  such  right,  and  they  helped  to  keep  her,  to  her  dying  day, 
convinced  that  she  was  absolutely  and  unassailably  right  upon  the  highest 
grounds  of  justice. 

Through  the  voting  of  women  she  hoped  to  uplift  society,  close  the  sa- 
loons, purify  politics  and  bring  about  all  the  good  things  that  the  believer  in 
democracy  hopes  it  may  accomplish.    It  was  a  fine  ideal  and  she  accepted  her 


1566  APPENDIX. 

convictions  for  all  they  implied.  She  gave  her  life  to  the  work,  scorning  op- 
portunities that  would  have  made  her  rich  and  giving  all  she  could  earn  or 
heg  to  the  cause  of  woman's  rights.  Ridicule,  abuse,  insults  and  lies  only  made 
her  more  determined,  and  their  cruelty  and  injustice  had  no  tendency  to 
smother  the  love  she  felt  for  mankind  and  her  wish  to  make  men  better. 

Unlike  many  of  her  class,  she  lived  long  enough  to  see  her  worth  acknowl- 
edged universally  and  to  see  the  end  of  the  ignorant  and  flippant  abuse  that 
was  once  heaped  upon  her.  She  also  saw  some  progress  toward  the  goal  she 
hoped  the  world  might  reach.  That  the  world  would  reach  that  goal  and  leave 
it  far  behind,  had  all  men  and  women  the  unselfishness  and  devotion  to  the 
common  good  that  Susan  B.  Anthony  had,  there  is  no  question. 

Grand  Rapids  (Mich.)  Press:  Susan  B.  Anthony  died  in  the  possession  of 
the  love  of  thousands  of  her  women  adherents  and  respected  even  by  those 
who  strenuously  opposed  her  views.  She  lived  to  see  her  cause,  once  derided 
and  mocked,  grow  in  strength  and  influence  until  it  actually  gained  its  ends  in 
several  States  of  the  Union  and  won  concessions  elsewhere.  Today  the  women 
of  Grand  Rapids  go  to  the  registration  places  preliminary  to  exercising  their 
rights  as  school  electors.  As  they  put  down  their  names  they  may  well  give 
a  thought  to  the  plucky  spinster  of  Rochester,  who  battled  so  long  even  for 
this  right.  A  cause  can  never  be  deemed  *'lost"  as  long  as  it  has  leaders  of  the 
Susan  B.  Anthony  type.  So  staunch  was  she  in  the  conviction  that  she  was 
right,  so  indomitable  was  her  courage,  so  unwearying  was  her  allegiance  that, 
had  all  others  deserted,  universal  suffrage  would  have  still  lived  and  she  would 
have  recruited  a  new  army  to  fight  in  its  name. 

Winnifred  Harper  Cooley  in  Grand  Rapids  (Mich.)  Press:  Miss  Anthony 
desired  for  women  personal  freedom,  education,  the  opening  of  all  honorable 
occupations,  the  control  of  the  wages  they  earned,  the  legal  right  to  own  and 
manage  property,  to  possess  their  children,  to  share  in  the  financial  accumu- 
lations during  marriage.  All  of  these  claims  have  been  recognized.  In  addi- 
tion she  demanded  political  enfranchisement,  representation  for  taxation — ^that 
the  Government  might  justify  the  principles  on  which  it  was  founded.  In  four 
States  this  has  been  fully  conceded  and  partially  in  one-half  the  others. 

That  Miss  Anthony  appeared  before  the  committees  of  every  Congress  for 
nearly  forty  years  in  behalf  of  this  demand;  that  she  arranged  and  managed 
annual  conventions  for  this  purpose  during  all  this  period ;  that  she  traversed 
the  country  from  Maine  to  California  continuously  for  over  fifty  years,  making 
thousands  of  speeches,  and  giving  every  waking  moment  to  aggressive  and  sys- 
tematic effort  for  the  rights  of  her  sex,  is  indisputable  proof  that  she  was  be- 
yond all  others  responsible  for  the  marvelous  improvement  in  the  position  of 
woman. 

Woman  stands  glorified  by  her  new  freedom.  That  she  may  never  abuse 
her  power,  but  may  translate  it  into  the  highest  sense  of  duty  and  responsi- 
bility, would  be  the  never  changing  wish  of  the  one  who  made  this,  in  the  tru- 
est sense  of  the  word,  the  woman's  century — Susan  B.  Anthony. 


APPENDIX.  1567 

Chicago  Post:  The  strongest  characteristic  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  was 
courage;  her  most  notable  aid,  a  magnificent  optimism;  the  propelling  force 
of  her  life,  an  honest,  unwavering  persistence.  Hers  was  a  life  absolutely 
dedicated  to  an  idea.  Never  for  a  moment,  even  in  the  hour  of  sorest  defeat, 
did  she  lose  sight  of  the  goal  of  her  ambition.  With  splendid  consistency  she 
followed  for  more  than  three-score  years  the  line  laid  out  for  her  guidance 
when  she  made  her  first  public  plea  for  suffrage  and  equal  rights  for  women. 

Susan  B.  Anthony  was  a  woman  far  in  advance  of  her  time.  For  years  she 
preached  and  wrote  and  worked,  appealing  to  women  everywhere,  few  of 
whom  understood  her ;  flinging  her  strong,  vigorous  arguments  at  all  manner 
of  men,  most  of  whom  laughed  at  her. 

But  she  never  wavered.  Neither  the  puzzled  looks  of  her  sisters  nor  the 
jeers  of  her  brothers  discouraged  her.  She  had  taught  her  feet  to  follow  one 
straight  path,  and  they  never  were  allowed  to  stray  into  any  other.  And  when 
at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-six  she  laid  aside  whatever  of  burden  life  had 
left  her,  she  counted  among  her  sisters  the  world  over  thousands  of  intelligent 
and  earnest  followers,  and  among  her  brothers  none  who  did  not  delight  to  do 
her  reverence.  .  •   . 

No  woman  of  modem  times  has  been  more  highly  honored  in  her  life ;  no 
woman  of  history  has  held  a  higher  place  in  the  world's  esteem  than  that  now 
reverently  set  apart  for  the  enshrining  of  her  memory. 

Chicago  Tribune:  Miss  Anthony  has  passed  away  without  seeing  women 
admitted  to  perfect  political  equality  with  men,  and  yet  she  must  have  taken 
satisfaction  in  her  last  days  in  seeing  how  far  the  world  had  moved  since  she 
stood  up  in  a  teacher's  meeting  in  1853  and  demanded  the  right  to  speak.  At 
that  time  it  was  an  unheard  of  thing  for  a  woman  to  speak  in  public,  even  in  a 
gathering  like  that  one,  composed  mainly  of  women.  Now  women  are  suc- 
cessful in  all  the  professions,  at  the  bar,  in  the  pulpit,  and  in  the  practice  of 
medicine.  In  some  of  the  States  women  hold  public  office  on  equal  terms 
with  the  men.    In  all  States  the  influence  of  woman  is  deeply  felt  in  public  life. 

The  achievement  of  the  franchise  was  only  a  small  part  of  the  reform  in  the 
relation  of  woman  to  the  law  contemplated  by  Miss  Anthony.   .   .   . 

Women  have  secured  so  many  rights  today  that  they  miss  less  than  before 
the  formal  endowment  with  the  franchise.  The  right  of  agitation  is  theirs, 
and  it  is  the  conviction  of  many  that  the  influence  of  women  is  even  greater  in 
the  States  where  they  have  not  the  franchise  than  in  those  States  where  they 
vote  the  same  as  men.  On  the  whole,  there  was  little  left  for  Miss  Anthony 
to  desire.  .  .  .  She  is  a  brilliant  example  of  the  success  to  be  attained  by 
holding  resolutely  to  one  standard  through  a  long  life,  never  discouraged, 
never  ready  to  give  up,  accepting  such  partial  concessions  as  the  enemy  might 
yield,  not  as  bribes  to  desist,  but  as  encouragement  to  fight  on. 

Chicago  Record-Herald:  As  far  back  as  1852  Miss  Anthony  made  up  her 
mind  that  the  right  of  suffrage  was  fundamental,  that  if  women  could  secure 
it  they  would  gain  the  power  to  force  concessions  on  other  points,  while  with- 
out it  their  influence  would  be  relatively  small.  But  she  had  begun  her  public 
work  as  a  temperance  advocate,  and  became  interested  in  divers  great  reforms. 


IS68  APPENDIX. 

and  there  can  be  no  doubt  as  time  went  on  her  persistent  labor  in  the  suffrage 
movement  was  an  important  factor  in  the  opening  up  of  a  new  world  to  the 
members  of  her  sex.   .   .  . 

Since  that  time  the  agitation  for  woman  suffrage  has  made  substantial  and 
permanent  gains  that  are  not  to  be  despised,  and,  as  we  have  intimated,  it  has 
contributed  largely  toward  bringing  about  all  those  activities  of  women  that 
are  accepted  now  as  a  matter  of  course.  Not  failure  but  brilliant  success  was 
the  fortune  of  Miss  Anthony  when  her  work  and  life  came  to  a  close. 

Qiicago  News:  It  is  hardly  open  to  doubt  that  Miss  Anthony's  pioneer 
work  in  preparing  public  sentiment  during  the  last  half-century  has  had  much 
to  do  in  hastening  these  changes.  By  her  own  example,  as  well  as  by  her 
teachings,  she  accustomed  the  country  to  the  unwonted  idea  of  woman's  ac- 
tivity in  public  life.  How  earnestly  she  labored  in  this  cause  and  at  what 
monetary  loss  and  humiliation,  even  to  the  point  of  undergoing  arrest  for  her 
attempt  to  vote  in  1872,  her  Biography  shows.  The  brunt  of  the  pioneering 
work,  both  in  the  temperance  movement  and  in  the  advocacy  of  woman  suf- 
frage, fell  upon  her,  and  in  both  causes  she  labored  with  a  skill  and  indom- 
itable energy  that  made  her  perhaps  the  most  effective  and  influential  of  all 
the  women  who  have  been  conspicuous  in  these  movements. 

Chicago  American:  Death  has  enforced  upon  Susan  B.  Anthony  the  rest 
she  denied  herself  through  a  long  and  splendid  life.  She  shared  the  lot  of  all 
inspired  and  unselfish  men  and  women  who  gave  themselves  to  their  fellow 
human  beings.  She  endured  and  lived  down  scorn  and  calumny.  Unruffled 
and  determined  in  the  face  of  tremendous  opposition,  she  calmly  continued  to 
fight  for  the  cause  she  had  espoused,  and  lived  to  see  the  beginnings  of  a 
great  victory. 

Talk  of  heroes  in  these  modem  days  is  common  enough.  He  is  a  hero  who 
climbs  a  hill  for  the  purpose  of  killing  a  village  full  of  savages.  He  is  a  hero 
who  sinks  a  ship  and  drowns  five  or  six  hundred  brave  men.  But  what  is 
there  in  heroism,  inspired  by  the  intoxication  of  battle  and  by  hope  of  the 
applause  of  a  nation,  to  compare  with  a  whole  life  of  hard,  bitter  toil  for  the 
good  of  others,  with  no  reward  but  sneers  and  no  inspiration  save  the  con- 
sciousness of  being  right 

This  country  needs  a  few  men  with  half  the  courage  of  Susan  B.  Anthony. 
Her  soul  was  of  the  stuff  that  makes  real  heroes.  May  her  memory  grow  with 
years  till  her  name  stands  with  those  of  the  great  of  this  nation,  where  it  truly 
belongs. 

Chicago  Chronicle:  Susan  B.  Anthony,  who  died  a  few  days  ago  past 
eighty-six  years  of  age,  was  without  doubt  one  of  the  most  remarkable  women 
of  the  last  century. 

In  respect  of  intellectual  activity  and  keenness  she  was  singularly  gifted. 
In  respect  of  the  sense  of  proportion  or  of  the  practical  consequences  that 
might  follow  on  putting  into  practice  some  very  alluring  theory  she  was  often 
quite  the  reverse.  She  was  enthusiastically  certain  that  the  advent  of  women 
would  purify  and  sanitate  politics,  but  she  practically  lost  sight  of  the  scientific 


APPENDIX.  1569 

necessity  for  the  balance  of  action  and  reaction.  She  forgot  the  perverse  effect 
politics  must  have  on  women  if  they  were  really  enough  better  than  men  to 
have  a  good  influence  on  politics. 

She  possessed  or  was  possessed  by  that  quality  so  invaluable  to  the  crusader 
— spontaneous  and  absolute  confidence  in  the  infallibility  of  her  own  judgment. 
It  probably  never  occurred  to  her  that  it  was  possible  that  any  one  who  dis- 
sented from  her  theories  could  be  more  nearly  right  than  herself. 

In  many  movements  her  active  spirit  led  her  to  take  conspicuous  part  Long 
identified  with  the  so-called  woman's  rights  movement,  she  exerted  a  strong 
influence  in  widening  the  field  of  activity  of  her  sex  in  the  work  of  the  world, 
but  whether  that  has  been  of  unmixed  benefit  to  either  her  sex  or  the  world  it 
is  yet  too  early  to  make  up  final  judgment. 

In  the  particular  aim  to  which  she  gave  most  of  her  strength,  that  for  woman 
suffrage,  she  seems  to  have  failed.  Certainly  she  failed  to  persaude  or  con- 
vince the  majority  of  her  own  sex  in  the  most  populous  regions  of  her  own 
country  that  they  desire  or  that  they  ought  to  desire  the  privilege  of  voting. 
A  few  crude,  sparsely  peopled  mountain  States  adopted  the  policy  and  if  the 
results  there  have  justified  her  anticipations  of  the  purification  of  politics  the 
fact  is  not  yet  manifest  to  the  world. 

In  whatever  she  undertook  or  advocated  she  was  animated  always  by  the 
profoundest  sincerity  of  conviction.  Of  that  probably  nobody  has  ever  made 
any  serious  question,  nor  that  she  gave  to  any  cause  she  took  up  her  utmost 
strength  as  well  as  sincerity.  In  man  it  is  not  claimed  by  anybody  that  sincere 
conviction  and  sound  judgment  necessarily  go  together,  and  she  did  not  suc- 
ceed in  convincing  the  world  that  the  rule  in  that  regard  is  necessarily  differ- 
ent in  woman. 

Illinois  State  Register:  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  a  wonderful  woman. 
In  intelligence,  character,  conviction,  she  stood  pre-eminently  a  champion  of 
her  sex.  Her  death  is  a  loss  to  her  country.  Her  life  was  a  credit  and  a 
benefit  to  her  country.  It  was  a  life  of  positive,  heroic,  womanly  devotion  to 
ideals — a  wonderful  struggle  to  promote  the  best  interests  of  mankind  and  of 
womankind,  it  having  been  the  wish  of  Miss  Anthony  to  enjoy  such  triumph 
for  woman  suffrage  as  she  enjoyed  in  the  victory  for  abolition  of  slavery. 

Men  who  look  upon  the  power,  the  intelligence,  the  courage,  the  resource- 
fulness of  woman  with  disregard,  cannot  but  think  more  of  the  sex  represented 
by  Miss  Anthony  even  from  a  glance  at  her  courage  and  achievement.  It  was 
not  altogether  the  ultimate  end  and  aim  sought  by  Miss  Anthony  and  the 
methods  she  applied  that  attracted  attention  to  her,  but  the  fact  that  she  kept 
paramount  before  all  who  were  honored  by  expression  from  her,  the  necessity 
of  benefitting  men  by  benefitting  women— of  accomplishing  virtue— developing 
work  by  co-operative  advancement  of  men  and  women. 

A  humanitarian,  scholar,  patriot  and  public  benefactor.  Miss  Anthony  has 
not  lived  in  vain.  Men  and  women  will  ever  reap  benefits  from  her  life  and 
teachings;  and  surely  her  life  will  be  an  inspiration  to  women  especially  to 
seek  high  ideals,  to  guard  and  promote  virtue  in  combat  with  vice,  to  promote 


1 570  APPENDIX. 

interest  in  human  existence  by  study  of  economics  and  application  of  rales  of 
honor  in  the  affairs  of  State  as  well  as  in  the  home. 

Miss  Anthony  sought  to  broaden  the  sphere  of  feminine  life  and  to  make 
those  benign  feminine  influences  a  more  universal  power  for  good  She  has 
shown  how  heroic  and  patriotic  woman  can  be  and  what  marvellous  potentiali- 
ties she  possesses  if  they  but  be  recognized  and  developed.  .  .  .  Development 
in  women  of  such  character  as  was  possessed  by  Miss  Anthony  means  the  bet- 
terment of  the  nation — the  betterment  of  woman,  the  betterment  of  man  and 
the  betterment  of  the  world. 

Peoria  (111.)  Star:  The  base  spirit  of  commercialism  never  appealed  to 
Miss  Anthony.  Having  enlisted  for  the  fight,  she  spent  her  earnings,  her  time, 
her  talent,  freely  for  the  cause  she  had  at  heart,  and  she  left  a  name  that  will 
last  through  the  ages.  Here  is  something  that  money  cannot  buy,  but  it  comes 
only  by  devotion  to  an  idea  and  it  comes  at  the  end  of  long  service.  That 
which  is  permanent  must  be  built  upon  a  sure  foundation.  Only  that  lasts 
which  is  based  upon  service  to  one's  fellows.  All  other  things  are  feeble» 
selfish,  transitory — ^a  breath  may  take  them  as  a  breath  has  made.  Susan  B. 
Anthony  has  conferred  untold  benefits  not  only  upon  her  sex  but  upon  human- 
ity at  large. 

Neither  sneers  nor  sarcasm  nor  abuse  nor  outrage,  sanctioned  by  public 
opinion  and  perpetrated  in  the  name  of  the  law,  deflected  that  iron  purpose  or 
broke  that  unconquerable  will,  and  she  lived  to  reap  the  full  reward  of  her  toil, 
to  be  honored  and  respected,  not  only  by  the  women  she  had  saved  but  by  the 
very  influences  in  church  and  State  that  had  derided  and  maligned  her. 
Greater  triumph  no  one  can  ask  and  it  comes  as  a  reward  for  well  deserving. 

Bloomington  (111.)  Pantograph:  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  has  died  at  an 
advanced  age  after  a  life  devoted  mainly  to  one  idea,  the  enfranchisement  of 
her  sex.  She  was  a  woman  of  good  character  and  considerable  ability  and 
no  doubt  possessed  of  honest  and  conscientious  convictions.  But  measured 
by  what  she  has  actually  accomplished  her  life  has  been  practically  a  failure. 
She  has  been  an  extremist  and  has  scolded  men  unmercifully  for  more  than 
half-a-century  and  goes  to  her  rest  with  little  more  than  a  record  of  sharp, 
biting  criticism  of  conditions  which  she  could  not  change  and  which  the  wives 
and  mothers  and  daughters  of  the  land  really  did  not  want  changed. 

Miss  Anthony's  voice  was  heard  in  bodies  of  suffragist  agitators  but  not  in 
the  councils  of  the  more  conservative  and  practical  women  of  the  country  who 
were  striving  for  the  uplift  and  betterment  of  mankind.  When  we  compare 
such  a  life  with  that  of  Qara  Barton  and  other  women  who  have  put  their 
hands  to  the  task  of  relieving  human  suffering  and  making  conditions  better 
for  all  who  came  within  their  reach,  it  must  appear  as  falling  far  short  of  the 
mark.  She  spent  her  life  in  an  effort  to  accomplish  the  impracticable  and  im- 
possible and  her  memory  for  that  reason  has  less  of  the  sweetness  and  fra- 
grance that  linger  after  the  passing  of  a  woman  full  of  good  works  and  help- 
ful deeds  for  her  sex  and  kind. 

Quincy  (111.)  Herald:    Miss  Anthony  lived  to  see  public  sentiment  turn  in 


APPENDIX.  1 571 

favor  of  her  cause  and  to  know  that  in  four  States  of  the  Union  women  have 
all  the  political  rights  accorded  to  men.  She  also  saw  her  propaganda  girdle 
the  globe  and  in  Australia  and  New  Zealand  her  sex  recognized  with  full  fran- 
chise. The  cause  has  been  fortunate  in  having  for  its  champions  such  pure 
and  consistent  souls  as  Susan  6.  Anthony,  Julia  Ward  Howe  and  Elizabeth 
Cady  Stanton— the  stainless  trinity  of  the  women's  crusade. 


Milwaukee  Sentinel:  "Being  dead,  she  yet  speaketh."  The  peaceful  passing 
of  Susan  B.  Anthony  from  unconsciousness  into  the  deeper  sleep  of  death 
marks  the  close  of  a  life  long  and  eventful,  a  life  rich  in  accomplishment,  but 
even  the  grave  has  no  power  to  silence  the  voice  which  was  raised  in  behalf  of 
woman  nearly  sixty  years  ago.  .  .  .  For  her  present  position  today,  a  posi- 
tion which  has  made  strong  impression  on  the  entire  world,  the  American 
woman  owes  much  to  Susan  B.  Anthony,  within  whose  lifetime  the  great  evo- 
lution has  occurred.  .  .  . 

It  is  doubtful  if  the  majority  of  women  who  accept  these  benefits  lightly 
would  ever  have  won  them  for  themselves.  It  needed  a  woman  like  Miss 
Anthony  who  could  stand  not  only  opposition  but  ridicule ;  who  went  on  un- 
flinchingly even  though  her  lecture  tour  in  1861  was  a  series  of  riots  during 
which  she  was  hissed  and  hooted  and  finally  made  the  target  of  eggs  and 
burned  in  effigy.  In  rejoicing  for  the  sake  of  the  home  in  the  fact  that  Miss 
Anthony  was  not  the  typical  American  woman,  but  rather  the  rare  exception, 
there  is  no  need  for  failure  to  recognize  the  value  of  the  exception  and  to 
give  full  credit  to  the  things  which  she  has  indirectly  brought  to  many  thou- 
sands of  homes. 


Minneapolis  Journal:  The  death  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  removes  from  Amer- 
ican public  life  a  remarkable  figure.  For  more  than  sixty  years  this  woman 
has  been  active  in  the  work  of  social  reformation.  She  may  be  described  as 
one  of  the  first  labor  agitators  in  this  country.  Her  active  career  in  behalf  of 
the  unfavored  began  with  a  public  speech  made  before  the  New  York  Teach- 
ers' Association  in  the  early  fifties,  where  she  demanded  for  women  equality  of 
wages  with  men  when  they  did  the  same  work.  .  .  .  She  early  became  an 
advocate  of  the  temperance  cause,  and  as  an  outgrowth  of  her  devotion  to  that 
principle,  became  convinced  that  the  most  powerful  instrument  with  which  to 
change  social  conditions  would  be  the  ballot  in  the  hands  of  women ;  and  ever 
since  1852  she  has  been  an  ardent  and  indeed  the  leading  advocate  of  woman 
suffrage.  She  has  appeared  many  times  before  committees  of  congress,  and 
Senator  Edmunds  said  of  her  argument  before  the  Judiciary  Committee  of  the 
Senate  in  1880,  that  it  was  unanswerable  and  well  suited  to  a  committee  of 
men  trained  in  the  law. 

St.  Paul  Dispatch:  With  the  passing  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  there  closes  a 
definite  era  in  American  life,  in  the  life  of  American  women.  Miss  Anthony 
was  the  type  of  the  women  who  distinguished  that  era.  So  much  was  she  the 
type,  that,  in  considering  her  and  her  life  work,  it  is  much  more  the  work 


1572  APPENDIX. 

than  the  personality  which  comes  to  mind.  She  had  a  distinct  individuality; 
otherwise  she  would  not  have  been  able  to  accomplish  the  very  considerable 
and  most  important  benefits  which  were  wrought  during  her  almost-century,, 
and  largely  through  her  efforts.  But  she  had  a  certain  power  of  detachment ; 
like  so  many  maiden  women,  she  was  able  to  lose  herself  in  her  work,  to  loose 
the  personal  ties  and  become  a  force  rather  than  a  person.  There  were  rem- 
nants of  femininity,  of  personalities,  about  Mrs.  Stanton.  Never  about  Miss 
Anthony.  It  is  the  most  difficult  thing  in  the  world  to  escape  from  the  thrall- 
dom  of  the  personal ;  it  is  almost  impossible  for  women.  And  this  escape  is 
what  distinguished  Miss  Anthony  in  the  first  consideration.  She  wrought  a 
tremendous  work  for  women,  and  therefore  for  the  race.  Those  who  differed 
most  widely  from  her  in  an  estimate  of  her  objective,  and  even  of  the  means 
chosen  in  working  toward  that  objective,  came  at  last  to  believe  in  the  wom- 
an's ability  and  in  her  very  work — ^though  they  interpreted  it  differently. 

The  condition  of  American  women  is  better  because  Miss  Anthony  and  her 
associates  worked  definitely  for  suffrage;  and  we  believe  it  is  better  than 
though  suffrage,  distinct  and  statutory,  had  been  secured.  Miss  Anthony  has 
to  her  credit,  as  a  reformer,  larger  and  more  vital  effects  than  though  a 
national  amendment  had  been  secured  to  the  constitution.  She  has  appeared 
before  every  Congress  since  1869 ;  that  in  itself  shows  the  winning  of  respect. 
She  won  legal  rights  for  women,  statutory  position,  without  which  the  Amer- 
ican woman  of  today  could  not  be  the  independent  person  and  the  dis- 
tinguished force  she  is  in  the  national  life.  And  this  influence  has  extended 
over  seas.  Other  women  in  other  lands  are  winning  their  way  because  of  the 
work  done  here  in  America  by  Susan  B.  Anthony. 

The  woman  of  to-morrow  will  be  different.  The  modem  club  woman  is  not 
what  the  reformer  of  fifty  years  ago  was ;  but  she  still  comes  into  her  king- 
dom, her  queendoni,  only  because  such  women  as  Miss  Anthony  battled  hero- 
ically for  her  right  to  move  and  have  her  being  co-terminous  with  that  of  man. 
Today  it  is  not  identical,  is  not  trespassing,  but  is  lived  in  co-operation  and 
under  a  common  desire  to  better  both  men  and  women. 

St.  Paul  Pioneer  Tress:  Not  so  many  years  ago  the  name  of  Susan  Brown- 
ell  Anthony,  who  died  this  week,  was  a  jest.  Her  militant  activity  in  the 
emancipation  of  her  sex  attracted  the  jibes  of  a  large  part  of  the  human 
family.  Many  thinking  people,  ordinarily  serious,  smiled  at  the  mention  of 
the  doughty  champion  of  woman  suffrage — a  cause  long  listed  as  a  standard- 
ism  for  humorists  and  wits  to  work  upon. 

Undaunted  by  abuse  and  ridicule,  Miss  Anthony  fought  on  and  on  for  more 
than  half-a-century.  She  gave  to  her  mission  all  of  her  zeal,  her  power,  her 
time  and  her  money,  and  in  the  end  she  lifted  the  status  of  femininity ;  caused 
to  be  open  to  woman  the  higher  possibilities  of  education ;  gave  to  her  valu- 
able opportunities  in  the  industrial  and  commercial  world  and  a  chance  to 
demonstrate  her  fitness  in  whatever  field  of  endeavor  she  cared  to  enter. 
Eventually  she  secured  to  woman  a  certain  degree  of  political  suffrage,  and  to 
her  alone  is  attributed  the  revolution  of  the  position  of  her  sex  wrought  within 
the  last  fifty  years. 


APPENDIX.  1573 

Duluth  (Minn.)  News-Tribune:  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  a  force,  a  person- 
ality, a  stubborn  contradiction  to  the  existing  order  of  things  that  curtails  the 
civic  rights  of  women.  The  service  she  has  done  for  her  sex  is  inestimable; 
the  service  she  has  done  for  the  race  can  scarce  be  calculated.  Her  life  has 
been  potent  in  its  influences.  She  has  left  her  impress  upon  the  public  affairs 
of  the  last  fifty  years. 

Ridiculed  and  insulted  because  of  her  views  in  her  youth  and  young  woman- 
hood, she  lived  to  see  the  first  fruits  of  her  labor  and  to  win  the  respect  of 
the  most  radical  opponents  of  her  ideas.  It  takes  time  to  adjust  proportions. 
It  may  be  that  history  will  not  call  Susan  B.  Anthony  great,  but  it  will  accord 
her  a  high  place  among  the  servants  of  her  race,  the  movers  in  a  splendid 
cause.  Of  commanding  intellect  and  kindly  heart,  the  admiration  she  com- 
pelled was  closely  allied  with  affection.  Even  in  these  days  of  intellectual 
women,  it  is  not  probable  that  we  shall  look  upon  her  like.  She  has  many 
followers  and  more  beneficiaries,  but  no  true  successor— no  equal. 


Des  Moines  (Iowa)  Register  and  Leader:  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  not  the 
equal  of  Mrs.  Stanton  in  intellectual  power,  did  not  possess  the  humane  spirit 
of  Mary  A.  Livermore,  and  lacked  the  culture  of  Julia  Ward  Howe;  but  as 
organizer  and  leader  in  what  has  been  termed  the  woman  movement,  she  has 
played  a  larger  part  and  more  important  part  than  all  together.   .  .   . 

Miss  Anthony  was  not  an  orator,  but  her  addresses  did  more  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  woman  than  those  of  any  dozen  women  of  her  time.  She  said 
the  things  that  needed  to  be  said  at  the  particular  time  in  which  she  was 
speaking.  Not  every  man  who  listened  to  her  was  converted,  but  every  man 
who  heard  her  realized  that  she  knew  her  business  and  was  making  a  for- 
midable appeal.  The  net  outcome  of  her  work  and  of  her  example  it  would  be 
difficult  to  estimate.  The  status  of  woman  has  changed  more  in  the  three- 
quarters  of  a  century  of  her  active  labors  than  it  had  in  the  nineteen  centuries 
that  preceded.  In  the  field  of  mechanical  invention  there  has  been  nothing  to 
astonish  the  world  which  compares  with  the  change  in  the  thought  of  the 
world  with  regard  to  woman's  capacities  and  woman's  sphere.  .  .  . 
i  Miss  Anthony  put  all  the  emphasis  on  the  ballot.  What  she  did  for  women 
was  infinitely  more  important  than  if  she  had  won  for  them  the  right  to  vote. 
The  right  to  vote  will  come  in  time ;  but  when  it  comes  it  will  be  found  to  be 
but  an  incident,  and  not  so  important  at  that,  when  compared  with  the  world- 
wide enfranchisement  of  feminine  endeavor  that  preceded  it 

The  world  cannot  honor  the  memory  of  such  a  woman  too  much.  Her 
spirit  was  the  spirit  that  has  made  America  great.  She  was  the  type  of  stren- 
uous womanhood.  At  a  time  when  dilettanteism  is  so  much  in  evidence  it  is 
worth  while  to  stop  a  moment  at  the  bier  of  a  strong,  forceful,  earnest,  faith- 
ful worker  who  took  life  seriously  and  who  did  not  lay  down  her  burden 
until  her  pulse  was  stilled. 

Burlington  (Iowa)  Hawkeye:  A  student  at  ten  years  of  age,  a  school 
teacher  at  fifteen,  enthusiastic  and  persuasive  as  a  "daughter  of  temperance"  at 


1574  APPENDIX. 

twenty,  the  powerful  friend  of  the  fugitive  slave  at  thirty,  and  for  over  half-a- 
century  the  organizer  and  head  of  the  woman  suffrage  movement  I 

Thus  is  summed  up  the  life  of  Susan  B.  Anthony.  With  it  all  there  was  a 
magnificent  courage  and  a  determination  that  knew  no  obstacle  sufficient  to 
turn  her  from  her  course.  Her  death  ends  a  long  life  of  heroic  struggle  for 
her  fellow  women.  While  not  able  to  see  the  full  fruition  of  the  ideal  for 
which  she  sought,  she  died  satisfied,  without  doubt,  that  her  work  had  been 
greatly  successful.   .   .   . 

In  short.  Miss  Anthony  has  been  able  to  see  as  the  result  of  her  life  of  de- 
votion and  work  in  behalf  of  woman,  a  vast  advancement  in  the  welfare  of 
the  gentler  sex,  an  ennobling  of  the  position  which  women  necessarily  occupy 
in  the  world's  affairs.  As  one  looks  back  at  the  time  when  Miss  Anthony 
was  the  scoff  of  the  nation ;  when  in  the  press  and  on  the  platform  she  was 
held  up  to  public  ridicule,  one  marvels  at  the  courage  that  enabled  her  to  force 
her  way  through  it  all  until  she  became  honored  of  all  men  and  women.  One 
must  admit  the  marvelous  qualities  of  such  an  individuality  and  join  instinc- 
tively in  the  universal  homage  paid  to  the  memory  of  the  remarkable  woman 
who  has  just  passed  to  her  reward. 

Sioux  City  (Iowa)  Journal:  It  would  be  idle  to  deny,  however,  that  what- 
ever the  specific  and  physical  results  may  be,  the  campaign  of  education  made 
by  Miss  Anthony  and  her  co-workers  has  been  without  excellent  results. 
Women  undoubtedly  stand  higher  today  in  influence  in  public  life  than  they 
did  half-a-century  ago.  They  are  more  a  factor  in  affairs.  They  are  every- 
where sharers  in  business,  commercial  and  professional  life.   .   .  . 

In  the  growth  of  these  conditions  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  her  courageous  co- 
workers must  have  had  a  large  influence.  The  most  striking  quality  about 
Miss  Anthony  perhaps  was  her  persistence.  She  was  a  worker  rather  than  a 
fighter.  Her  life  was  gentle.  She  was  feminine  and  beloved  by  women.  She 
came  of  a  good  family.  She  had  her  share  of  the  brains  and  did  not  hesitate 
to  employ  them  in  a  way  which,  to  her  conception,  seemed  best  She  was  a 
prominent  part  of  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  significant  phases  of  the 
social  history  of  the  United  States  for  the  last  half-century. 

Sioux  City  (Iowa)  Tribune:  Why  do  we  pay  tribute  to  such  persons  as 
Susan  B.  Anthony,  who  have  not  even  converted  a  large  minority?  Because 
we  know  that  the  destinies  of  this  nation  are  in  the  hands  of  men  and  women 
who  will  not  be  diverted  from  their  purpose,  who  will  not  compromise  with 
what  they  believe  to  be  wrong,  who  dare  to  stay  out  of  the  procession.  Suf- 
fragists or  not,  we  may  all  uncover  our  heads  in  memory  of  the  life  of  Susan 
B.  Anthony. 

Dubuque  (Iowa)  Times:  The  name  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  should  be  hon- 
ored whenever  and  wherever  women  assemble  in  the  cause  of  temperance, 
equal  rights,  education  or  philanthropy.  She  was  before  the  public  half-a- 
century  as  the  representative  of  movements  unpopular  in  their  inception  at 
least,  but  she  honored  her  sex  and  won  the  admiration  of  friends  and  foes 


APPENDIX.  1575 

alike  by  the  courage  and  sincerity  with  which  she  sought  to  advance  what  she 
believed  to  be  the  cause  of  justice. 


St.  Louis  Chronicle:  (Syndicate  Editorial.)  Men  say  there  are  no  more 
miracles!  Yet  a  Quaker  girl,  a  young  New  England  school  teacher,  arose 
among  us  with  an  idea,  won  to  herself  a  few  associates,  called  conventions,  set 
on  foot  a  propaganda,  perfected  a  great  and  constantly  widening  organization, 
systematized  it  into  a  powerful  influence  at  the  polls  in  many  States  and  a 
potent,  abiding  moral  power  in  every  section  of  this  land.  If  this  is  no  miracle 
it  must  be  admitted  that  a  new  human  force  has  come  into  existence  and  come 
to  stay. 

Susan  B.  Anthony  gave  her  jrouth,  her  prime  and  her  old  age  to  the  advance- 
ment of  womanhood.  Her  battle  for  years  was  against  the  crudest  of  all 
human  weapons,  ridicule  and  sneers.  There  is  no  lack  of  opponents  still  to 
the  movements  she  fought  for.  But  there  are  few  earnest  men  and  women 
who  any  longer  doubt  the  sincerity  of  her  purposes,  the  high  moral  altitude 
of  her  spirit  or  the  infinite  possibilities  suggested  by  what  she  actually  accom- 
plished. Her  rare  combination  of  genius,  courage  and  energy  would  have 
made  any  man  great  in  his  own  generation.  It  has  made  a  woman  great  in 
her  century  and  has  stamped  an  enduring  impression  upon  the  age. 

St  Louis  Globe  Democrat:  But  the  country  moved  far  in  Miss  Anthony's 
time  toward  recognizing  the  rights  and  broadening  the  opportunities  of 
women,  and  her  part  in  winning  the  ground  gained  was  conspicuous.  The 
marvel  was  that  she  accomplished  so  much  and  continued  her  arduous  labors 
so  long.  .  .  .  What  Miss  Anthony  lived  to  see  was  a  vast  extension  of 
woman's  world  in  public  and  business  affairs.  Women  are  perfectly  free  to  be 
orators  and  agitators  and  they  get  an  impartial  hearing.  They  may  enter  any 
profession  or  pursuit  and  some  are  active  capitalists.  All  departments  of  edu- 
cation are  open  to  them.  The  laws  treat  them  in  property  and  family  rights 
on  terms  of  considerate  fairness  and  responsibility.   .   .   . 

Human  progress  is  not  a  struggle  up  an  isolated  peak,  but  rather  marches  in 
an  endless  mountain  chain,  where  one  summit  reveals  another  that  seems 
fairer.  Miss  Anthony  had  a  giant's  strength  and  performed  well  a  giant's 
work.    Regret  is  not  a  word  that  fits  into  her  biogpraphy. 

Kansas  City  (Mo.)  Journal:  Perhaps  no  more  remarkable  woman  has  lived 
in  America  than  Susan  Brownell  Anthony.  The  history  of  her  life  is  the  his- 
tory of  social  and  political  conditions  for  more  than  half-a-century,  and  one 
may  not  write  of  her  without  a  flood  of  reminiscent  associations  of  the  great- 
est minds  this  country  has  produced.  From  childhood  she  was  thrown  into 
the  intimate  companionship  of  such  men  as  Phillips,  Beecher,  Channing,  Dana, 
Greeley ;  of  such  women  as  Mrs.  Stanton,  Lucy  Stone,  Alice  and  Phoebe  Gary 
and  a  host  of  others,  some  of  whom  were  her  co-workers  in  the  active  cam- 
paign for  woman  suffrage  which  she  waged  all  her  life. 

There  may  be  those  who  believe  sincerely  that  woman  suffrage  has  made 
Ant.  Ill— 30 


1576  APPENDIX. 

little,  if  any,  headway  in  the  United  States.  It  is  a  common  delusion  that 
women,  by  their  own  efforts,  have  never  advanced  their  cause^  but  that  the 
exalted  position  of  the  sex  socially  and  politically  has  been  due  to  the  gener- 
osity of  the  men.  Granting  the  helpful  influence  of  friendly  and  liberal  men, 
it  must  be  admitted  that  the  very  persistency  of  such  splendid  women  as 
Susan  B.  Anthony  and  her  associates  has  forced  a  quickening  recognition  of 
what  they  claim  to  be  the  justice  that  underlies  their  pleas.  It  has  been  a  very 
long  and  wearisome  campaign,  but  the  one  soldier  who  never  dropped  in  the 
ranks  or  became  discouraged  in  the  face  of  what  seemed  almost  insuperable 
obstacles  was  Susan  B.  Anthony.  Ridiculed,  browbreaten,  blocked  in  discus- 
sion and  assailed  by  all  the  arts  of  political  obstructionists,  this  great  emanci- 
pator of  womankind  lived  to  see  something  more  than  the  promise  of  a 
brighter  day  for  those  in  whose  interests  she  fought  the  good  fight  Her 
career  is  at  an  end,  but  the  work  that  she  did  will  continue  to  advance  from 
the  momentum  which  her  life  of  sacrifice  gave  to  it  Others  will  take  up  the 
burdens  and  bear  the  brunt  of  the  battle,  but  none  will  ever  experience  the 
tragic  difficulties  of  an  individual  struggle  for  the  principles  she  believed  in,  as 
did  this  Quaker  woman  of  gentle  birth  who  did  so  much  to  convert  a  con- 
tinent to  her  convictions. 

Kansas  City  (Mo.)  Star:  It  has  been  the  lot  of  very  few  women  in  Amer- 
ica, or  an3n¥here  else,  to  enjoy  a  more  honorable  distinction  than  that  which 
came  to  Susan  B.  Anthony  in  the  latter  years  of  her  life.  It  was  her  privilege 
to  meet,  on  terms  of  perfect  equality,  persons  of  the  most  exalted  rank,  in- 
cluding Kings  and  Queens  and  other  rulers  of  the  people,  and  in  her  own  land 
the  close  companionship  of  the  intellectual  nobility  was  constantly  available. 

From  the  moment  that  her  condition  became  critical^  the  news  from  the 
chamber  in  which  she  lay  prostrate  assumed  first-dass  importance  in  the  public 
prints,  and  the  announcement  of  her  death  brought  forth  columns  upon  col- 
umns of  historic  incidents  in  connection  with  the  movement  for  equal  suf- 
frage headed  by  this  remarkable  woman.  .  .  .  The  complete  triumph  which 
she  had  looked  forward  to  as  the  crowning  reward  of  her  untiring  zeal  and 
devotion  was  denied  her.  But  all  of  the  splendid  moral  compensations  which 
wait  upon  those  who  strive  without  abatement  or  fatigue  for  what  they  deem 
to  be  right  were  hers. 

In  her  long  and  unwearied  fight  for  the  oallot  for  women,  Susan  B.  Anthony 
was  responsible  for  a  greater  boon  to  her  sisters  than  the  right  to  vote.  In 
the  great  dignity  of  the  station  to  which  she  herself  attained,  in  the  abundant 
honors  which  were  heaped  upon  her  in  life,  in  the  reverence  which  the  country 
pays  to  her  memory,  now  that  she  is  gone,  Susan  B.  Anthony  gave  the  fullest 
proof  of  the  authenticity  of  her  great  mission  and  of  the  incalculable  service 
she  was  able  to  render  to  the  cause  of  woman. 

St.  Joseph  (Mo.)  Press:  To  Miss  Anthony  belongs  great  credit  for  what- 
ever may  have  been  accomplished  in  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage  and  woman's 
rights.  She  labored  without  cessation,  in  the  face  of  ridicule,  of  obstruction 
and  of  discouragement  She  fought  a  good  fight  and  never  showed  a  white 
feather.     She  was  sincere  in  her  convictions,  she  believed  implicitly  in  her 


APPENDIX.  1577 

theories  and  was  the  ever-present  inspiration  to  quicken  flagging  interest  an4 
cheer  the  weakening  combatants.  She  gave  her  life  to  the  work  and  is  en- 
titled to  a  grateful  memory  for  her  example  in  consistency  and  her  great  effort 
in  behalf  of  womanhood. 


Lincoln  (Neb.)  State  Journal:  Little  restraint  of  words  is  needed  in  writ- 
ing an  estimate  of  Susan  B.  Anthony.  For  sixty  years  she  has  been  a  prom- 
inent figure  in  American  public  life.  During  that  time,  however  violently  mem 
and  women  have  differed  from  her  in  opinion,  they  have  found  no  fault  witk 
her  motives  or  character,  have  been  forced  to  admit  her  ability,  and  have  ha4 
no  choice  but  to  accord  her  a  place  among  the  best  and  greatest  leaders  of  the 
country's  thought  and  action.  The  length  of  time  during  which  she  held  a 
commanding  position  in  public  life  cannot  be  matched  in  her  own  generation, 
and  is  made  the  more  remarkable  and  creditable  by  the  fact  that  she  held  this 
sway  while  excluded  from  the  official  positions  that  help  men  to  hold  public 
attention  and  that  form  part  of  their  reward  for  public  service. 

In  the  first  twenty  years  of  her  public  life.  Miss  Anthony's  work  in  behalf 
of  the  rights  of  women  entitles  her  to  be  called  the  Garrison  of  the  equad 
rights  movement,  but  it  will  be  no  less  fitting  to  call  Garrison  the  Anthony  of 
the  abolition  movement  Miss  Anthony,  in  fact,  stands  above  Garrison  m 
many  respects.  She  was  anything  but  a  person  of  one  idea,  as  her  work  in 
behalf  of  the  anti-slavery  and  temperance  movements  testifies.  Her  fame  is 
secure  though  her  cause  is  not  yet  won;  it  is  not  certain  that  the  same  would 
be  true  of  Garrison  had  he  died  with  negro  emancipation  still  a  matter  for  the 
future.  In  the  late  forties  when  Miss  Anthony  took  her  first  stand  for  the 
rights  of  women  as  she  believed,  and  this  at  first  meant  nothing  more  startling 
than  the  right  to  speak  in  temperance  meetings,  her  action  meant  social  ostra- 
cism, journalistic  abuse  and  general  suspicion  of  her  character  and  motivesL 
Supreme  courage  was  the  first  attribute  of  the  woman  reformer  of  that  day. 
This  twenty  years  of  pioneer  effort,  involving  as  it  did  extreme  privation, 
toil  and  personal  abuse  would  stand  by  itself  as  a  creditable  life  work.  With 
Miss  Anthony  it  was  but  a  beginning. 

•  •••••• 

A  more  completely  consecrated  character  can  hardly  be  found  in  the  history 
of  the  time.  In  the  last  sixty  years  of  her  life  it  is  doubtful  if  she  ever  re- 
garded a  dollar  or  a  day  as  her  own.  Money  to  her  was  something  to  be  used 
in  the  advancement  of  the  cause  of  sex-equality;  time  meant  nothing  less. 
Given  ability  and  a  willingness  to  sacrifice  herself  to  this  one  aim,  it  is  not 
surprising  that  the  history  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  is  the  history  of  the  woman's 
movement  in  the  United  States  almost  from  its  inception  to  today. 

Lincoln  (Neb.)  Commoner:  The  death  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  has  called 
forth  a  unanimous  panegyric  from  the  press  of  the  country,  and  it  expresses 
the  almost  universal  sentiment  of  the  people.  But  almost  without  exception 
the  newspapers  have  made  the  mistake  of  laying  the  chief  stress  upon  her  ad- 
vocacy of  woman  suffrage.  Miss  Anthony  is  recalled  now,  it  is  true,  because 
of  her  advocacy  of  that  policy,  but  her  fame  in  future  history  will  rest  upon 


1578  APPENDIX. 

something  else.  Of  late  years  her  splendid  service  in  the  cause  of  emancipa- 
tion has  been  overlooked,  but  in  time  the  credit  due  her  for  that  splendid  work 
will  be  recalled.  It  Is  quite  true  that  Miss  Anthony  was  a  pioneer  in  the  equal 
suffrage  movement,  but  it  is  equally  true  that  she  was  a  pioneer  in  another 
movement  that  has  grown  into  immense  proportions — equal  pay  for  equal 
work,  whether  performed  by  man  or  woman.  Single-handed  and  alone  she 
fought  for  that  principle  for  years.  Sneered  at,  maligned  and  ridiculed,  she 
persevered  through  all  the  weary  years.  But  she  lived  to  see  a  wonderful 
measure  of  success  crown  her  efforts  in  that  direction.  People  may  differ  as 
to  the  measure  of  blessings  that  might  accrue  to  women  through  equal  suf- 
frage, but  there  is  no  difference  of  opinion  upon  the  statement  that  women 
have  been  vastly  benefited  by  her  championship  of  equality  before  the  pay- 
master. Miss  Anthony  lent  her  support  to  every  cause  calculated  to  benefit 
humanity  and  her  voice  and  pen  were  always  at  the  service  of  those  who 
suffered. 

Omaha  (Neb.)  Bee:  As  William  £.  Gladstone  won  for  himself  the  endear- 
ing appellation  of  England's  ''Grand  Old  Man",  so  Susan  B.  Anthony  de- 
serves the  title  of  America's  "Grand  Old  Woman".  Miss  Anthony's  passing 
at  a  ripe  age  takes  away  the  last  survivor  of  a  notable  and  brilliant  group  of 
reformers,  whose  achievements  in  behalf  of  human  liberty  and  enlightened 
civilization  far  transcend  the  movement  to  establish  electoral  suffrage  for 
women,  with  which  her  name  is  most  generally  associated.   .   .   . 

To  her  successful  leadership  is  likewise  due  much  that  has  been  gained  in 
removing  from  women  the  civil  disabilities  with  which  they  were  formerly 
burdened  and  giving  them  equal  rights  with  men  before  the  law  and  in  the 
courts.  Scarcely  any  advance  step  in  the  progress  of  women  of  this  country 
toward  civil  and  industrial  independence  has  been  made  during  the  last  half- 
century  in  which  she  has  not  been  a  leading  figure  and  a  potent  factor. 


Emporia  (Kas.)  Gazette:    It  is  difficult  to  make  comparative  estimates  of  1 

the  importance  of  human  beings.  But  looking  back  over  Miss  Anthony's 
work  it  is  safe  to  say  that  she  has  been  as  powerful  an  influence  for  good  as 
were  most  of  the  men  who  have  been  President  of  the  United  States  in  her 
life-time.  She  was  not  as  powerful  a  lever  for  good  as  was  Lincoln  or  Grant 
or  Roosevelt,  or  perhaps  Grover  Cleveland;  but,  taking  them  out  of  the  list, 
only  a  few  Presidents  of  the  last  fifty  years  remain  who  will  measure  up  in 
moral  and  practical  influence  in  American  public  life  with  Susan  B.  Anthony. 

Lawrence  (Kas.)  Journal:  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  the  victim  of  the  acci- 
dent of  birth.  Had  she  been  a  foreigner  of  the  male  persuasion  or  had  she 
been  an  ignorant  man  she  would  have  been  granted  the  suffrage  which  she 
coveted  so  much.  Being  a  woman  she  could  not  have  it  Miss  Anthony  was 
a  great  woman,  strong  and  masterful,  and  her  life  was  one  worth  while.  She 
was  a  long  time  in  the  public  eye  and  was  never  discredited  by  word  or  deed. 


APPENDIX.  1579 

Denver  Republican:  When  Susan  B.  Anthony  began  her  propaganda  in  be- 
half of  equal  suffrage  she  and  her  idea  were  greeted  with  laughter  from  all 
sides.  It  was  a  new  thought  and  the  newspapers  hailed  it  with  delight  There 
was  much  material  for  laugh-making  carried  in  the  movement.  The  oppor- 
tunity was  not  to  be  lost. 

But  the  woman  persisted  in  the  face  of  the  laugh.  She  was  not  to  be  turned 
away  from  her  purpose.  She  kept  resolutely  on  and  all  the  ridicule  had  no 
other  effect  than  to  confirm  her  in  her  ideas.  The  secret  of  it  was  that  she  be- 
lieved in  what  she  had  undertaken  to  accomplish.  She  was  sincere.  Woman 
was  being  kept  from  her  rights ;  man  was  denying  her  a  privilege  it  was  hers 
equally  to  share  with  him.  Only  by  giving  her  the  ballot  could  he  accept  her 
as  his  full  equal,  raise  her  to  her  proper  position. 

In  time  this  evidence  of  sincerity  began  to  win.  The  world  is  not  naturally 
cold,  not  disposed  to  laugh  in  the  face  of  the  man,  much  less  of  the  woman, 
who  comes  pleading  for  justice  and  fully  convinced  that  a  wrong  is  being  com- 
mitted. Humor  over  the  new  idea  gave  way  to  serious  consideration.  The 
sincerity  of  the  one  zealous  advocate  was  opening  the  way. 

Gradually  woman  began  to  gain  admission  into  offices  from  which  she  had 
been  ever  barred.  The  discovery  came  that  many  lines  of  work  she  was  more 
capable  of  doing  than  were  men  in  the  same  position.  Her  scope  widened ;  it 
became  "respectable"  for  woman  to  earn  her  own  living;  she  came  less  and 
less  to  be  looked  upon  as  a  helpless  creature  who  must  abide  ever  at  home  and 
keep  within  a  given  bound.  The  sincerity  of  one  woman  who  was  insisting 
in  season  and  out  that  woman  was  the  equal  of  man  and  co-bearer  with  him 
of  the  responsibilities  of  society,  was  winning  its  way  into  the  public  mind. 

Begun  as  a  propaganda  with  but  one  end  in  view,  the  enfranchisement  of 
woman  at  the  polls,  the  movement  bore  its  first  fruit  in  an  entirely  unexpected 
form.  Its  first  result  was  to  open  the  way  for  woman  to  earn  her  living.  It 
had  to  be  so.  The  suffragists  had  expected  to  achieve  the  far  away  end  in  a 
single  bound;  they  could  not.  The  way  had  to  be  gradually  prepared.  The 
uplifting  had  to  be  through  a  process  of  evolution.  Suffrage  could  not  have 
come  as  the  first  fruit  of  the  agitation.  The  first  step  toward  it  was  years  de- 
layed. Woman  was  first  conceded  the  right  to  vote  on  questions  of  school 
management  which  seemed  to  come  directly  within  her  sphere.  It  was  a  con- 
cession that  promised  more  privilege  later.  Then  a  Western  State  threw 
down  the  bars  completely;  another  and  then  two  others  followed.  The  pause 
since  has  been  seemingly  long,  but  it  should  not  be  so  considered.  Great  re- 
forms are  ever  slow  of  realization. 

Miss  Anthony  regretted  that  she  must  die  before  seeing  the  full  realization 
of  her  hopes,  the  full  fruit  of  her  work.  That  she  could  never  have  lived  to 
see.  The  centuries  to  come  will  yet  be  bringing  forth  fresh  fruits  as  the  re- 
sults of  the  seeds  she  planted.  Her  influence  will  flow  far  into  the  future. 
The  extreme  limit  of  human  life  could  not  have  revealed  to  her  more  than 
the  beginning  of  her  work ;  as  it  is,  she  was  granted  to  see  more  results  than 
have  the  majority  of  the  world's  reformers.  She  has  seen  woman  come  near 
to  her  own,  the  beginning  of  the  full  realization.  And  the  world  knows  that 
but  for  her,  for  her  sincerity  and  zeal,  the  triumph  had  not  been  so  large  nor 


1580  APPENDIX. 

to  near.    Sincerity  won  the  battle;  the  sincerity  of  one  woman  who  wanted 
this  thing  with  all  her  heart,  with  all  her  mind,  and  gave  her  life  to  securing  it 

Denver  News:  Susan  B.  Anthony  is  dead !  It  is  hard  to  think  that  anyone 
who  has  been  so  very  much  alive  for  so  many  years  can  be  dead.  What  a  life 
hers  has  been  I  What  history  it  has  been  a  part  of  and  helped  to  make.  What 
a  triumph  it  was  to  pass  from  being  the  most  ridiculed  and  the  most  scorned 
woman  in  America  to  being  the  dearly  loved  "Aunt  Susan"  of  half  the  world ! 

For  the  last  decade-and-a-half  Miss  Anthony  has  entered  no  assembly  that 
the  rafters  have  not  rung  with  applause,  and  in  any  gathering  of  women,  what- 
ever the  organization,  she  has  been  the  central  figure.  The  Federation  of  Clubs 
has  always  been  conservative,  yet  at  one  of  its  earlier  biennials,  twelve  years 
€r  more  ago,  her  appearance  was  the  signal  for  an  ovation  such  as  it  has  never 
given  any  one  else  and  which  no  other  living  woman  could  have  inspired. 

The  secret  of  this  conquest  of  the  public  heart  lay  in  the  woman's  genuine- 
ness. Such  sturdy  sincerity  and  unconsciousness  of  self  are  rarely  seen.  The 
Cause  was  always  the  one  absorbing  object  of  her  interest  She  was  merely 
the  instrument  of  the  Cause,  not  because  it  was  right  so  to  sink  herself,  but 
because  she  could  not  do  otherwise.  Mind,  heart  and  will  were  absorbed  in 
an  allegiance  to  the  Cause  which  precluded  all  interest  in  herself  or  the  im- 
pression she  was  making. 

Richard  Mansfield  says  every  one  is  plasdng  a  part  with  a  greater  or  less  de- 
gree of  art  in  the  acting.  Most  persons  are,  but  Susan  B.  Anthony  has  never 
been  one  of  them.  She  did  not  act.  She  lived,  lived  in  the  passion  for  wom- 
an's freedom  and  advancement  and  took  no  thought  of  her  part  in  the  great 
drama  of  emancipation.  Other  fine  workers  for  the  cause  were  careful  as  to 
the  way  in  which  they  did  their  work  for  the  sake  of  the  cause.  They  strove 
to  be  "womanly".  They  were  politic  and  careful,  sweet-voiced  and  gentle  that 
prejudice  might  be  overcome.  Miss  Anthony  was  herself;  and  whatever  her 
instinct,  her  indignation  and  her  intensity  prompted  she  said  and  did.   .   .   . 

Let  every  woman  who  enjoys  the  freedom  she  helped  to  win  and  every  man 
who  rejoices  in  the  larger  horizon  of  the  mothers  of  his  race  give  loving  hom- 
age to  the  great  heart  and  dauntless  spirit  of  Susan  B.  Anthony. 


Salt  Lake  (Utah)  Herald:  Although  she  lived  to  see  great  progress  made 
in  her  life  work,  Miss  Anthony  expressed  regret  just  before  she  died  because 
she  had  done  so  little.  The  fact  is  she  had  achieved  marvels  in  the  face  of 
seemingly  insurmountable  obstacles.  She  had  to  overcome  the  accumulated 
prejudices  of  centuries;  she  had  to  combat  the  natural  opposition  of  sex  self- 
ishness in  man ;  she  fought  the  traditions  of  civil  and  religious  conservatism, 
and,  more  than  all,  she  had  to  struggle  with  the  unwillingness  of  her  own  sex 
to  approve  of  her  efforts.    .    .    . 

Miss  Anthony's  influence  was  attributable  largely  to  her  sincerity,  directness 
and  singleness  of  purpose.  Every  purpose  was  centered  in  the  one  object;  al- 
most every  moment  of  her  waking  hours  was  devoted  to  the  one  thing.  Sar- 
casm, ridicule,  abuse,  the  diatribes  of  orators  and  jests  of  humorists  alike 
failed  to  disturb  her  serene  poise  or  divert  her  from  the  aim  toward  which  all 


APPENDIX.  1 58 1 

her  energies  were  bent.  She  was  a  great  woman,  in  herself  the  best  refuta- 
tion of  the  ancient  argument  that  woman  lacks  the  ability  to  concentrate  her 
energies  and  pursue  logically  to  its  conclusion  an  abtruse  problem  involving 
numerous  complicated  factors. 

Salt  Lake  (Utah)  Telegram:  The  great  evangel  of  woman's  rights,  of 
temperance,  of  cleaner,  higher  lives,  has  passed  away.  She  was  of  the  fighting 
Anthony  stock;  if  a  thing  was  right  it  ought  to  be  struggled  for;  with  her 
everything  was  right  or  wrong  and  she  would  never  listen  to  a  compromise 
between  the  two.   .   .   . 

She  was  a  gifted  woman,  a  natural  and  brave  leader;  she  knew  no  such 
word  as  conciliation ;  she  could  never  see  why  an  inferior  man,  because  he  was 
a  man,  should  be  granted  political  and  property  rights  which  were  denied  to 
her  because  she  was  a  woman ;  so  she  devoted  her  life  to  breaking  down  the 
senseless  barrier  that  withheld  from  women  their  own.  She  stood  for  justice, 
and  for  quite  fifty  years  her  name  has  been  a  household  word  throughout  the 
United  States.  She  was  a  great  woman ;  entirely  feminine  in  her  bearing,  but 
still  with  a  masculine  intellect  and  courage,  and  so  determined  in  her  convic- 
tions that  nothing  could  turn  her  from  a  position  she  believed  to  be  right 
She  was  a  natural  leader,  and  whenever  the  women  who  made  great  names 
for  themselves  in  the  same  cause  have  been  mentioned,  for  two-score  years, 
Miss  Anthony's  name  came  first. 

Salt  Lake  (Utah)  Goodwin's  Weekly:  Miss  Anthony  was  of  that  kind  of 
fighting  stock  that  does  not  count  the  odds  against  it,  but  magnifies  itself  to 
be  equal  to  any  emergency.  Her  watchword  all  her  life  was  justice.  She  did 
not  believe  that  our  country  was  free  so  long  as  the  mothers  of  the  race  were 
restricted  in  their  liberties.  She  wanted  woman  lifted  up  that  man  might  be 
exalted,  and  so  fought  on  and  on  and  died  in  the  harness.  Her  purpose  was 
never  doubted,  her  sincerity  never  questioned.  She  had  the  gentle,  tender  heart 
of  a  woman,  the  power  and  will  of  an  aggressive  commanding  man,  and  goes 
to  her  grave  wrapped  around  with  honor. 

Salt  Lake  (Utah)  News:  Miss  Anthony  was  venerated  by  hosts  of  intel- 
ligent and  progressive  women  who  recognized  her  worth  and  her  uncommon 
abilities.  Her  departure  will  be  mourned  by  hundreds  of  thousands  in  this 
land,  and  also  in  the  emancipated  nations  of  the  eastern  hemisphere.  She  will 
be  mourned  in  every  circle  where  the  elevation  of  woman  is  a  leading  motive, 
and  her  name  will  ever  be  identified  with  the  cause  of  freedom  and  equal  rights 
for  all.  She  is  a  grand  and  noble  spirit  and  will  reap  the  full  reward  for  all 
her  labors  while  in  mortal  life.  Peace  be  to  her  and  sweet  repose  to  her 
earthly  remains. 

Logan  City  (Utah)  Journal:  Miss  Anthony  and  her  fellow  workers  have 
not  labored  in  vain.  It  is  being  more  generally  recognized  that  women  have 
some  rights  that  men  are  bound  to  respect;  that  (jod  created  them  the  equal 
of  man  in  all  respects  but  in  brute  strength;  that  in  those  respects  in  which 
women  appear  inferior,  it  has  not  been  lack  of  ability  but  because  they  have 


1582  APPENDIX. 

been  repressed.  Miss  Anthony  lived  long  enough  to  see  dual  suffrage  put  to 
the  test,  as  in  Utah,  and  to  see  the  predictions  of  the  scomers  as  to  the  awful 
unsexing  of  women  that  would  ensue — ^in  fact,  all  of  their  predictions— come  to 
naught.  The  work  she  did  lives  after  her.  Mountains  of  prejudice  have  been 
removed  and  the  cause  to  which  she  gave  her  life  is  gaining  constantly. 

Mrs.  Emmeline  B.  Wells  in  Young  Woman's  Journal  (Utah)  : 

.  .  .  Among  the  women  whose  histories  have  been  handed  down  through 
the  ages,  and  those  celebrated  of  more  modern  times,  one  need  have  no  hesita- 
tion in  placing  Susan  B.  Anthony.  Her  wonderful  power  to  sway  the  multi- 
tude reminds  me  of  no  other  in  history  than  Savonarola.  The  gift  did  not 
consist  in  choice  of  words  or  phrases.  Miss  Anthony  never  dealt  in  plati- 
tudes or  borrowed  from  her  associates.  She  was  strictly  original,  simplicity 
personified  in  this  respect  as  well  as  in  her  style  of  dress  and  living.  She  had 
inherited  a  little  of  the  sweet,  mild  Quaker  ways  of  the  old-fashioned  regime, 
perhaps,  but  taken  all  in  all,  she  was  her  own  individual  self,  not  easily  dis- 
concerted even  with  failures  or  disappointments.  She  could  be  gracious  and 
even  kind  when  "her  girls",  as  she  called  them,  were  righteously  indignant 
toward  those  who  had  ignored  her  when  honor  was  her  due.  I  recall  one  par- 
ticular occasion  when  several  ladies  present  felt  Miss  Anthony,  (their  Gen- 
eral), had  been  very  indifferently  treated  by  men  who  should  have  been  proud 
to  show  her  honor.  A  number  of  us  were  sitting  at  dinner  in  the  Ebbitt  House, 
Washington,  and  were  discussing  the  slight  to  Miss  Anthony.  She  looked 
down  from  the  head  of  the  table  and  said  in  her  most  serene  manner :  **Vm 
glad  that  my  young  women  know  when  I've  been  insulted  if  I  don't  know  it 
myself."    Silence  fell  upon  all ;  there  was  no  more  to  say. 

The  world  is  richer  because  of  the  beautiful  life,  character  and  example  of 
Susan  B.  Anthony.  The  nation  does  well  to  heap  honors  and  build  lasting 
monuments  to  her  who  has  made  so  brilliant  a  record  for  heroism  and  loyalty 
to  a  cause,  which,  when  she  espoused  it,  was  decidedly  unpopular,  and  one 
might  add  without  precedent  or  prestige.  Miss  Anthony  gave  to  equal  suf- 
frage not  only  her  best  efforts  and  most  ardent  endeavors,  but  she  gave  her- 
self, with  all  her  noble  qualities  of  head  and  heart.  Firm  as  the  "Rock  of 
Ages",  she  planted  her  feet  upon  the  corner-stone  of  the  structure  commenced 
by  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  when  they  fought  for  freedom  of  conscience,  and  in 
this  age  of  the  larger  development  of  humanity,  this  brave,  heroic  woman  in- 
cluded all  the  sons  and  daughters  of  the  land.  Neither  race  nor  color  was  ex- 
cluded; there  was  no  privileged  class  in  her  category.  All  were  to  be  free; 
there  must  be  no  slaves  in  these  United  States.  .   .   . 

There  are  men  and  women  bom  into  the  world  at  certain  periods  of  time 
for  a  distinctive  purpose,  with  a  mission  to  fulfill  for  their  fellow  men.  Their 
pathway  is  not  smoothed  for  them,  they  have  obstacles  to  overcome,  not  only 
difficult  but  distasteful  perhaps  to  their  nearest  and  dearest  kindred  and 
friends.  They  are  the  pioneers  through  new  fields  of  advancement,  the  path- 
finders to  growth  and  culture,  possessing  the  attributes  of  faithful  endurance, 
firmness,  steadfastness  and  integrity.  Miss  Anthony's  long  life  abounded  with 
varied  experiences  and  struggles  for  the  right,  but  was  fraught  with  triumphs 


APPENDIX.  1583 

that  marked  her  career  and  standing  in  later  life,  clear-cut  in  the  midst  of 
errors  and  misrepresentations. 

Almost  unaided  and  alone  at  times,  she  heralded  truths  with  which  her  un- 
derstanding was  quickened  even  though  they  were  unacceptable.  She,  years 
ago,  ploughed  the  rough  way  and  sowed  the  seed  that  has  taken  deep  root  and 
has  since  sprung  up  here  and  there,  eventually  to  bear  good  fruit  She  had 
arrived  at  a  stage  of  human  achievement  in  transmitting  the  highest  and  best 
of  her  own  nature  to  those  with  whom  she  mingled,  and  she  expressed  un- 
consciously perhaps  the  reality  of  her  ideals.  She  was  the  embodiment  of  the 
spirit  with  which  she  was  endowed,  enriched  and  expanded;  the  result  of  a 
fixed  purpose  to  help  mankind.  Miss  Anthony  had  culled  from  the  "Book  of 
Life."  She  knew  how  to  take  advantage  of  the  teaching  from  within,  and  she 
possessed  the  faculty  and,  above  all,  the  personal  energy  to  utilize  the  forces 
at  hand.  She  was  spoken  of  as  a  practical  woman.  She  was  much  more  than 
practical.  She  possessed  those  higher  attributes  of  soul  that  made  her  in- 
tensely lovable  and  that  called  into  action  the  best  and  rarest  impulses  in  others 
who  came  within  her  environment.  Her  very  presence  in  an  assembly  seemed 
to  impart  courage  and  confidence  and  to  strengthen  the  faith  of  the  audience 
in  the  cause  she  advocated. 


Anaconda  (Mont.)  Standard:  There  is  nobody  who  would  return  woman 
to  the  condition  in  which  she  lived  before  Miss  Anthony's  efforts  began ;  there 
is  nobody  who  would  deny  her  the  right  of  education.  The  question  of  suf- 
frage is  not  yet  settled.  The  opposition  to  the  right  of  woman  to  the  ballot  is 
not  now  as  bitter  as  was  the  contest  waged  against  her  admission  to  the  insti- 
tutions of  higher  education  at  the  time  Miss  Anthony  raised  her  voice  in  be- 
half of  her  sex.  Time  may  bring  the  full  fruition  of  the  hopes  of  the  noble, 
earnest  woman  in  whose  death  her  great  sisterhood,  the  world  over^  loses  a 
friend  and  for  whom  all  womankind  may  well  mourn. 

Helena  (Mont.)  Record:  .  .  .  This  is  a  wonderful  advance  in  behalf  of 
womanhood  and  it  is  all  due  to  the  earnest  work  and  persistent  effort  of  Miss 
Anthony  and  her  associates.  For  her  work  in  the  interest  of  her  sex  and  for 
other  measures  of  reform  which  she  advocated,  the  name  of  Susan  B.  An- 
thony is  held  in  high  esteem  and  will  shine  with  increasing  lustre  as  the  re- 
sult is  more  fully  understood  and  appreciated  by  the  women  of  the  world. 

Butte  (Mont)  Miner:  Miss  Anthony  belonged  to  the  intellectual  type  of 
women  who  are  usually  not  loved  so  much  as  they  are  highly  respected. 


Qara  Bewick  Colby  in  Woman's  Tribune  (Portland,  Ore.)  :  The  starry 
flag  was  not  half-masted  yesterday  though  one  of  the  bravest  soldiers,  one  of 
the  greatest  generals  of  any  age  or  of  any  country  passed  from  among  us  to 
the  invisible  world — ^a  gentlewoman  with  the  brains  of  a  savant,  the  courage 
of  a  Spartan,  the  soul  of  a  martyr — such  was  our  beloved  Miss  Anthony. 
With  Lucretia  Mott,  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton  and  a  few  other  volunteers  in 


1584  APPENDIX. 

the  little  army,  the  whole  world  against  them,  she  set  forth  to  redeem  woman 
from  a  condition  of  servitude  to  her  rightful  estate  in  the  industrial  and  edu- 
cational world ;  to  win  for  her,  complete  enfranchisement  Without  wavering 
or  halting  she  pressed  forward  until  she  beheld  the  partial  fruition  of  her  labor 
— ^the  final  goal  almost  in  sight. 

From  the  onset  of  hooting  mobs  to  the  laurels  of  victory  and  paeans  of  ap- 
preciation and  gratitude  was  a  long  and  toilsome  journey.  Now  she  has  gone 
to  her  greater  reward  bequeathing  to  us  her  spirit  and  inspiration. 

Portland  (Ore.)  Journal:  The  work  Miss  Anthony  did  when  viewed  in 
perspective  was  monumental.  Day  by  day,  month  by  month,  year  by  year, 
steadfastly  she  pursued  it,  never  daunted,  never  tiring,  never  changing.  With 
it  all  her  womanly  personality  was  very  fascinating.  Many  of  those  who  met 
her  during  her  visit  to  the  Lewis  and  Clark  Exposition  fell  under  her  charms. 
A  woman  with  an  experience  so  broad  and  varied,  whose  interest  in  life  and 
practical  affairs  was  as  keen  as  it  had  been  at  thirty,  with  all  the  ripening  that 
came  from  eighty-five,  could  not  fail  to  be  interesting  and  could  scarcely  fail 
to  illumine  any  subject  which  came  under  discussion.  To  those  identified 
with  her  in  the  cause,  who  lived  with  her  much  of  her  life  and  shared  many 
of  her  innermost  thoughts,  she  was  something  more  than  a  mere  woman,  rep- 
resenting as  she  did  to  them  the  embodiment  of  a  vital  idea  which  the  pass- 
ing years  were  bringing  closer  to  consummation.  And  while  there  were  many 
who  did  not  share  with  Miss  Anthony  her  enthusiasm,  who  might  even  be  in- 
clined to  think  that  with  her  ideas  achieved  they  would  still  fall  short  of  a 
panacea,  there  will  be  none  who  will  not  lay  upon  her  tomb  the  tribute  of  re- 
spect and  admiration  for  her  splendid  womanhood  and  her  lifelong  and  un- 
selfish devotion  to  an  idea  for  the  elevation  and  betterment  of  her  sex. 

Portland  Oregonian:  There  lies  upon  an  honored  bier  to-day  in  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  the  body  of  a  venerable  and  beloved  woman,  the  long  years  of  whose 
endeavor  have  left  the  stamp  of  progress  upon  two-thirds  of  an  active,  moving 
century.   .   .   . 

It  is  not  necessary  to  endorse  Miss  Anthony's  demand  for  the  ballot  for 
woman  in  order  to  give  her  full  credit  for  the  sincerity  of  her  work,  for  the 
reforms  in  woman's  position  in  the  industrial  world  which  her  efforts  brought 
about,  and  for  woman's  improved  status  before  the  law.  In  all  of  these  re- 
forms, as  long  ago  as  1849,  she  took  the  initiative.  Her  sincerity  is  undoubted ; 
her  sense  of  justice  was  uncompromising  and  almost  stem;  her  sympathies 
were  quick,  and  her  experience,  covering  a  period  of  more  than  four-score 
years,  searched  the  entire  domain  of  struggling,  human  endeavor. 

The  last  entry  has  been  made  in  the  record  of  her  long  and  busy  life. 
There  is  no  prophet  in  all  the  land  to  whose  divining  we  can  trust  in  matters 
of  national  policy  and  growth.  What  we  do  know  is  that  a  host  led  by  Susan 
B.  Anthony  have  long  worked  earnestly  for  the  expansion  of  a  political  idea, 
believing  it  to  be  both  just  and  expedient,  and  that  the  faithful  leader  has 
passed  on,  bequeathing  hope  of  ultimate  success  to  her  followers. 


APPENDIX.  1585 

Portland  (Ore.)  Telegram:  The  absolute  measure  of  Miss  Anthony's  serv- 
ices to  the  world  is  difficult  to  determine.  From  conflicting  viewpoints  it  is 
differently  estimated.  This  is  true  as  to  the  judgment  of  both  men  and 
women.  Wherever  the  opinion  prevails  that  the  home  is  primarily  woman's 
kingdom,  that  society  best  profits  from  the  charm  and  largess  of  the  feminine 
character  in  the  love  and  care  which  woman  bestows  upon  her  children  and 
family,  there  is  bound  to  be  doubtful  contention  as  to  the  value  of  Miss  An- 
thony's life  accomplishment.  On  the  other  hand,  where  there  exists  the  belief 
that  women  are  co-partners  with  men  in  the  responsibilities,  the  striving,  the 
sacrifices  and  the  activities  of  a  socially  constructive  character ;  where  there  is 
conviction  that  the  participation  of  women  in  the  direction  of  public  affairs  is 
an  essentia]  to  securing  the  betterment  of  social  conditions,  there  will  be  posi- 
tive, even  vehement,  assertion  that  Miss  Anthony  was  an  apostle  of  progress, 
giving  to  the  world  a  conception  of  fuller  liberty  and  a  more  rational  relation- 
ship between  all  members  of  society. 

Pendleton  East  Oregonian:  It  will  never  be  known  in  this  world  just  how 
much  Miss  Anthony  has  done  for  the  race  and  for  the  feminine  half  of  it 
especially ;  but  enough  is  known  to  give  her  first  place  in  the  great  movement 
of  the  past  century  which  has  enlarged  the  field  of  woman,  declared  the  rights 
of  woman,  and  brought  woman  up  to  a  clearer  knowledge  of  her  influence, 
power,  responsibility  and  destiny. 


Seattle  (Wash.)  Mail  and  Herald:  Miss  Anthony's  was  a  remarkable  ca- 
reer. Born  in  1820  she  has  been  a  fellow  worker  with  the  men  and  women 
who  have  left  the  impress  of  their  genius  on  the  age.  She,  too,  may  justly  be 
called  a  builder  of  empire,  a  maker  of  States.  With  Emerson  she  was  an  ad- 
vocate of  high  thinking  and  plain  living.  She  was  a  co-laborer  with  Whittier, 
with  Theodore  Parker,  with  Julia  Ward  Howe,  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe, 
Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  Lucretia  Mott,  Anna  Dickinson.  She  joined  hands 
with  John  Brown  and  Walt  Whitman.  She  learned  the  lessons  of  a  broad- 
minded  philanthropy  from  Abraham  Lincoln's  speeches  and  Henry  Ward 
Beecher's  sermons.  With  Mrs.  Browning  she  heard  the  cry  of  the  children 
and  that  of  the  mothers  of  children  and  the  daughters  of  mothers.  She  gave 
her  whole  life  to  the  hard  service  of  changing  the  prejudices  of  men  and  the 
still  more  bitter  prejudices  of  women. 

Channing  called  her  the  Napoleon  of  the  woman  suffrage  movement    Eliza- 
beth Cady  Stanton  said  that  she  forged  the  thunderbolts  while  Miss  Anthony 
launched  them.    The  weapons  she  used  were  Light  and  Love,  to  use  a  phrase 
from  Whittier,  while  the  battle  ground  was  the  free  broad  field  of  Truth. 
•  •  •  •  •  •  • 

In  appreciation  of  her  self-sacrificing  devotion  to  principle,  the  world  now 
lays  its  tribute  upon  her  new-made  grave.  Few  women  have  been  more  hon- 
ored by  all  that  is  noble  in  man  and  womanly  in  woman  than  Susan  B.  An- 
thony. She  came  up  from  the  hill  slopes  and  grassy  meadows,  the  green  fields 
and  running  brooks  of  her  humble  farm  home  near  Rochester,  to  command 
the  admiration  of  the  best  thinkers  and  the  most  prominent  people  of  the 


1586  APPENDIX. 

world.  Fashionable  dudes  and  dudesses,  intellectual  microbes  and  other  use- 
less social  appendages,  may  cast  ridicule  upon  the  life  and  labors  of  Miss  An- 
thony, but  the  leaders  of  thought,  the  moulders  of  opinion,  in  all  ranks  and 
among  all  classes,  pay  homage  to  the  persistent,  painstaking  and  sweet-spirited 
work  of  her  who  now  lies  with  hands  folded  over  a  heart  that  beats  no  longer. 

Olympia  (Wash.)  Recorder:  Hers  was  unselfish  devotion,  rare  personality 
and  ability,  tireless  energy  that  wrought  mightily,  and  even  those  who  opposed 
her  theories  paid  the  tribute  of  admiration  and  high  regard.  The  name  of 
Susan  B.  Anthony  has  been  a  household  word  for  more  than  a  generation,  and 
she  will  ever  stand  secure  as  one  of  the  greatest  leaders  of  her  sex,  as  a 
moulder  of  political  thought  and  the  greatest  exponent  of  woman's  rights. 


San  Francisco  Chronicle:  There  are  many  men  and  women  who  do  not 
believe  that  society  would  gain  by  the  success  of  the  cause  to  which  Susan  B. 
Anthony  devoted  her  life.  There  is  no  man  or  woman  who  can  doubt  that 
society  has  been  a  great  gainer  by  the  inspiration  which  it  has  received  from 
the  observation  of  her  single-minded  devotion  to  the  ideals  which  she  believed 
to  be  right 

In  the  case  of  Miss  Anthony  there  can  be  no  question  of  the  great  value  of 
her  work  to  woman  and  therefore  to  society.  Without  reference  to  the  ques- 
tion of  woman  suffrage,  to  which  the  later  years  of  Miss  Anthony's  life  were 
almost  entirely  devoted,  older  men  and  women  will  remember  her  as  one  of 
the  greatest  of  the  band  under  whose  leadership  the  women  of  America  have 
gained  their  economic  emancipation.  It  is  difficult  to  realize  that  when  Miss 
Anthony  began  her  work  in  most  States  of  the  Union  woman  had  hardly  any 
economic  rights  which  man  was  bound  to  respect,  or,  in  fact,  usually  did  re- 
spect. In  regard  to  her  domicile,  her  property  and  even  her  children,  she  was 
in  entire  subordination  to  man.  If  married,  there  were  few  things  she  could 
do  of  her  own  volition.  The  promise  of  "obedience",  which  formed  part  of 
every  marriage  ceremony,  was  literally  interpreted.  Woman  could  protest, 
and  did  protest,  for  no  law  was  ever  able  to  compel  woman  to  keep  silence, 
but  in  the  end  she  had  to  submit.  The  range  of  occupation  then  open  to 
woman  was  very  limited.  The  compensation  for  such  work  as  she  was  per- 
mitted to  do  was  very  small.  She  was  a  dependent  and  made  constantly  to 
feel  her  dependence. 

From  that  degrading  economic  position  woman  has  emerged  under  the 
leadership  of  a  band  of  women  and  men  of  whom  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  al- 
ways one  of  the  strongest,  and  in  which  for  the  last  quarter  of  a  century  she 
has  been  without  a  rival.  It  is  true  that  such  emancipation  of  woman  would 
have  been  impossible  had  not  the  free  life  of  an  always  advancing  frontier  de- 
veloped a  race  of  women  worthy  of  emancipation,  but  none  the  less  is  credit 
due  to  such  women  as  Miss  Anthony,  who  had  the  mind  to  perceive,  the  cour- 
age to  attack  and  the  strength  to  persist  until  respect  was  compelled  and  a 
great  measure  of  success  achieved.  To  no  person  now  living  are  the  women 
of  America  so  greatly  indebted  as  to  Susan  B.  Anthony. 


APPENDIX,  1587 

San  Francisco  Call:  A  great  American  is  dead.  Susan  B.  Anthony,  a 
Quaker  by  birthright,  as  the  Friends  call  it,  had  in  her  good  fighting  stock. 
Her  brothers  had  the  same  warrior  sap  in  them.  .  .  .  She  was  the  world's 
leader  for  woman  suffrage.  Many  strong  women  have  stood  beside  her,  have 
followed  her  lead.  But  perhaps  they  prove  that  she  was  exceptional,  and  that 
suffrage  being  neither  a  privilege  nor  a  pastime  but  a  responsibility,  only  she 
and  her  equals  were  born  to  bear  it.  Her  coadjutors  have  been  mostly  of  the 
emotional  type;  their  advocacy  has  been  on  emotional  lines;  but  she  was 
coldly  logical.  She  appeared  as  a  citizen,  an  individual,  leaving  out  sex  and 
asking  nothing  as  a  woman  but  all  as  an  intelligent  human  being.  Admitting 
her  premise,  no  one  ever  met  her  argument  or  overthrew  her  conclusion. 
She  never  alienated  nor  antagonized.  The  Quaker  blood  in  her  was  mani- 
fested to  the  end  in  her  dignity  and  graciousness. 

It  is  a  mistake  to  say  that  Miss  Anthony's  greatest  work  was  in  the  bcstow- 
ment  of  limited  suffrage  on  women  in  many  States  and  of  unlimited  suffrage 
in  a  few.  Her  really  great  service  is  but  little  known.  Before  her  time  women 
suffered  under  a  startling  list  of  disabilities.  Their  rights  of  inheritance  and 
devise  were  hampered,  their  control  of  their  own  earnings  and  property  was 
limited.  They  did  not  enjoy  legal  exemptions  that  were  accorded  to  men. 
The  list  is  too  long  to  give,  but  in  its  entirety  it  was  a  record  of  the  very 
old  practice  of  treating  women  as  incapacitated  to  take  care  of  themselves. 
All  of  this  elaborate  system  of  statutes  was  swept  away  by  the  work  of  Miss 
Anthony.    That  is  her  just  claim  to  having  been  a  great  American. 

Oakland  Enquirer:  Susan  B.  Anthony  lived  and  labored  for  a  great  cause. 
That  cause  is  not  yet  won.  Great  reforms  are  slow  of  accomplishment,  but 
just  as  feudalism  and  human  slavery  passed  away,  so  the  subjection  of  women 
will  one  day  be  relegated  to  the  domain  of  obsolete  ideas  and  the  world  will 
wonder  that  such  a  discrimination  on  account  of  sex  was  ever  possible.  Po- 
litical rights  have  seldom  been  conceded  without  struggle  and  the  fight  for 
suffrage  has  been  a  long  one.  It  has  been  fought  against  ignorance  and  preju- 
dice, the  two  greatest  obstacles  to  human  progress.  Miss  Anthony  was  one 
of  the  pioneers  in  this  movement.  She  did  not  live  to  see  the  realization  of 
her  hopes,  but  she  did  live  to  see  the  dawn  of  a  better  day.  She  lived  to  see 
the  movement  to  which  she  devoted  her  life  recognized  as  one  of  the  great  re- 
forms of  the  age.  To  a  large  degree  prejudice  has  been  overcome  and  today 
the  subject  of  political  equality  can  be  discussed  with  calmness  and  in  sober 
mind  without  the  sneers  and  ridicule  which  it  encountered  in  its  early 
stages.   .   .   . 

Susan  B.  Anthony  was  one  of  the  world's  great  emancipators.  She  has  fin- 
ished her  course.  Other  hands  will  take  up  the  work  and  the  cause  of  suf- 
frage, as  she  predicted,  will  go  on  to  success.    Failure  is  impossible. 

Monterey  (Cal.)  News:  Miss  Anthony  was  a  woman  of  wonderful  intel- 
lect. In  her  advocacy  of  the  cause  and  her  management  of  the  organization 
which  seeks  to  obtain  the  privilege  of  suffrage  for  women,  she  showed  herself 


1588  APPENDIX. 

the  equal  in  debate  of  any  who  opposed  her,  and  the  equal  in  her  managing 
ability  of  any  high  government  official  who  might  claim  that  women  were  not 
qualified  to  hold  positions  of  great  responsibility.  Had  all  the  women  of  the 
United  States  been  like  her,  their  sex  would  long  since  have  had  a  majority 
of  the  members  of  the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Represenatives. 

While  she  was  president  of  the  suffrage  association,  the  annual  conventions 
of  the  organization  were  generally  held  in  the  city  of  Washington  while  Con- 
gress was  in  session.  It  was  her  object  to  demonstrate  to  the  statesmen  as- 
sembled there  that  women  could  carry  on  a  deliberative  convention  fully  as 
well  as  the  men  who  met  in  the  capital  to  make  laws  for  the  nation.  She  al- 
ways succeeded  in  this,  for  she  put  forward  women  who  were  capable  of  ora- 
tory and  logic  that  were  quite  equal  to  those  of  the  most  famous  men  in  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives.  She  herself  was  not  an  orator,  but  she 
knew  her  subject  thoroughly  and  had  a  gift  of  repartee  that  would  have  made 
her  famous  in  a  running  debate  in  Congress.  In  addition  to  this  she  was  one 
of  the  best  presiding  officers  that  Washington  ever  saw.  Those  who  went  to 
the  conventions  of  the  Woman  Suffrage  Association  with  the  expectation  of 
seeing  the  delegates  get  tangled  in  the  mazes  of  parliamentary  rules  and  lose 
their  temper  were  disappointed.  What  they  saw  was  a  large  convention  man- 
aged with  a  regularity  that  put  to  shame  the  national  conventions  of  the  lead- 
ing political  parties,  and  from  the  rostrum  they  heard  speeches  that  were  bril- 
liant and  convincing. 

In  the  ktter  part  of  the  campaign  of  Miss  Anthony,  she  was  no  longer 
compelled  to  meet  the  argument  that  women  were  not  mentally  qualified  to 
pass  judgment  on  questions  of  State.  She  had  met  and  overthrown  that  argu- 
ment .   .   . 

Los  Angeles  Times:  Susan  B.  Anthony,  whose  death  occurred  yesterday, 
had  few  intellectual  equals  among  the  women  of  her  times.  Her  long  career 
was  filled  with  an  honorable  and  able  endeavor  in  behalf  of  a  cause  to  which 
she  was  devoted  to  the  extent  of  consecration— the  securing  for  woman  an 
equal  standing  with  man  before  the  law.  To  her  faithful  and  never  flagging 
efforts  in  this  cause  were  attributable  many  of  the  reforms  which  have  im- 
measurably benefitted  her  sex.  Many  laws  which  were  prejudicial  to  women 
have  been  replaced  by  just  laws  through  her  indefatigable  labors.  Her  work 
in  the  cause  of  temperance  and  for  the  abolition  of  human  slavery  was  of  bene- 
fit to  humanity.  She  lived  to  see  realized,  in  whole  or  in  part,  many  of  the  re- 
forms which  she  so  earnestly  advocated. 

In  the  earlier  days  of  her  life  work.  Miss  Anthony  was  subjected  to  much 
ridicule  because  of  her  convictions  and  the  steadfastness  with  which  she  ad- 
vocated them.  But  these  ill-natured  manifestations  practically  ceased  long 
ago.  They  had  no  effect  to  turn  her  aside  from  what  she  regarded  as  the 
path  of  duty  and  fortunately  she  outlived  the  shafts  of  ridicule  to  see  her  cause 
respected  and  herself  honored  as  its  consistent  and  unswerving  champion. 

Whether  one  believes  in  woman  suffrage  or  not,  if  he  be  fairminded,  he  can- 
not withhold  the  just  meed  of  honor  from  this  noble  woman,  who  has  gone  to 
her  death  crowned  with  honors.  A  long  life  of  devotion  to  an  ideal  and  self- 
sacrifice  for  its  attainment,  challenges  the  respect  alike  of  thinking  men  and 


APPENDIX.  1589 

women  in  every  land  where  sincerity  of  purpose  and  devotion  to  principle  are 
honored.  So  rare  a  quality  is  absolute  sincerity  in  these  days  of  g^eed  and 
self-seeking  that  we  may  well  pause  to  pay  a  tribute  of  admiration  and  respect 
for  one  whose  life  was  as  pure  as  the  untainted  air  of  mountain  fastnesses 
and  whose  purposes  were  as  steadfast  as  the  sun. 

Same :  Judging  her  by  her  clean  and  blameless  life,  Susan  B.  Anthony  has 
at  last  reached  a  place  where  no  difference  is  made  between  women  and  men, 
except  it  may  be  in  favor  of  the  women. 

I  Same :  Susan  B.  Anthony  "despised  certain  kinds  of  men."  She  was  not  to 
I  be  blamed  for  that.  There  are  certain  kinds  of  men  that  God  Himself  must 
N  despise. 

Los  Angeles  News:  While  Miss  Anthony  belonged  to  a  past  generation, 
in  which  Abraham  Lincoln,  William  Lloyd  Garrison,  Wendell  Phillips  and 
other  men  of  supreme  talents  were  her  friends,  she  adjusted  herself  to  the 
changing  times,  and  to  the  end  led  in  the  march  of  progress,  instead  of  fol- 
lowing with  the  aged  and  the  world-weary. 

But  Miss  Anthony's  achievement  as  a  reformer  is  not  to  be  measured  by 
the  four  States  won  for  equal  suffrage.  It  is  to  be  seen  in  office  and  shop,  in 
factory  and  in  university,  wherever  women  are  working.  To  her  the  vast 
army  of  wage-earning  women  owe  the  deepest  g^ratitude,  for  when  she  first 
began  to  lift  her  voice  in  behalf  of  greater  freedom,  the  wives  and  daughters 
of  American  citizens  had  only  two  avenues  of  employment  open  to  them.  They 
were  permitted  to  sew  or  take  boarders.  The  doors  of  the  colleges  were 
closed  to  them.  With  the  strain  and  stress  of  fifty  years  of  hard  work,  with 
the  pain  and  humiliation  of  half-a-century  of  ridicule,  Miss  Anthony  helped  to 
win  the  economic  independence  of  women. 

Therefore,  today,  who  shall  say  that  her  career  was  not  one  of  victory? 
Who  shall  measure  the  value  of  her  services?  Every  American  woman  has 
cause  to  pay  her  the  tender  tribute  of  a  tear  of  gratitude. 

Los  Angeles  Express:  It  is  something  to  have  lived  and  labored  as  has 
Miss  Anthony.  She  was  true  to  her  noble  principles,  true  to  the  cause  of 
womanhood  and  the  affection  of  the  American  women  will  never  grow  cold. 

Susan  B.  Anthony,  Abolitionist,  temperance  worker,  champion  of  woman's 
legal  status,  co-education  advocate  and  woman  suffragist,  is  no  more;  the 
music  of  her  life  is  stilled  and  America's  grand  old  woman  has  said  good 
night 

New  Orleans  Item:  A  woman  of  transcendent  ability  has  passed  away  at 
the  great  age  of  eighty-six  years,  after  a  tempestuous  career  such  as  no  woman 
ever  before  experienced.  She  began  her  public  career  as  an  advocate  of  tem- 
perance ;  then  she  took  up  the  work  of  abolition  of  slavery,  and  finally  began 
the  now  pending  work  of  woman  suffrage. 


1590  APPENDIX. 

Strange  as  it  may  sound  to  the  present  generation,  it  was  to  Susan  B.  An- 
thony that  the  negro  owed  his  liberation.  She  persistently  demanded  aboli- 
tion long  before  the  Republican  party  were  driven  in  the  same  direction  by 
the  force  of  circumstances  and  party  expediency  and  it  was  she  and  Mrs. 
Stanton  who  circulated  petitions  asking  Congress  to  abolish  slavery  as  a  war 
measure.  Until  these  petitions  came  to  Congress,  few  of  the  leaders  were 
ready  to  acknowledge  that  a  Civil  War  could  justify  such  a  measure. 

New  Orleans  Times  Democrat:  Miss  Anthony  was  a  woman  of  fine  intel- 
lect, of  untiring  industry,  and  deserves  to  go  down  in  history  as  one  of  the 
great  women  of  this  country.  Her  success  in  life  was  not  attributable  to  ex- 
ceptional advantages,  but  to  extraordinary  strength  of  character  and  Puritan 
morality.  Whatever  one  may  think  of  her  cause,  hers  was  a  character  to  be 
admired,  and  she  has  passed  away  with  the  respect  of  all  who  knew  her  and 
her  work. 


Vicksburg  (Miss.)  American:  Ridicule,  obloquy,  even  threats  had  no  effect 
upon  Miss  Anthony^s  devotion  to  the  cause  to  which  her  life  was  devoted 
After  many  years  she  reaped  her  reward.  She  lived  to  see  the  practical 
triumph  of  almost  every  claim  for  which  she  fought.  Personally,  from  having 
been  the  victim  of  ribald  jokes  and  scurrilous  newspaper  attacks  and  an  ob- 
ject of  national  ridicule,  she  lived  to  see  herself  a  power  in  the  land,  her  prin- 
ciples respected  and  herself  held  in  honor.  Probably  the  indifference  and 
even  active  opposition  of  women  themselves  is  the  only  reason  why  her  cher- 
ished project  of  woman  suffrage  did  not  meet  with  complete  success  during 
her  life. 


Mobile  (Ala.)  Item:  Moved  by  the  same  spirit  which  led  Miss  Frances 
Willard  to  devote  her  life  to  the  cause  of  temperance,  Miss  Anthony  moved 
quietly  through  calm  and  storm,  to  pass  away  in  ripe  old  age,  leaving  behind 
her  a  reputation  having  a  brilliancy  which  few  women  attain  and  a  personal 
character  so  rugged  and  charming  as  to  win  the  love  and  veneration  of  all 
men  and  women.  In  the  Hall  of  Fame  no  two  niches  could  be  better  filled 
than  with  statues  of  pure  marble  of  Frances  E.  Willard  and  Susan  B.  Anthony. 

Tuskegee  Institute  (Ala.)  Student:  Miss  Anthony's  stirring  address  in  the 
Chapel  that  bleak  Sunday  afternoon  will  not  soon  be  forgotten  by  those  who 
listened  to  it.  .  .  .  It  meant  so  much  to  all  of  us.  She  spoke  of  her  deep 
interest  in  the  Negro  and  in  the  cause  for  which  Tuskegee  stands.  She  found 
in  the  school  the  realization  of  many  of  the  hopes  she  had  indulged  during  the 
years  prior  to  the  emancipation  of  the  slave  and  in  those  earlier  years  when 
freedom  had  just  come  to  him.   .   .   . 

The  Negro  people  have  lost  a  friend  whose  voice  was  ever  ready  in  their 
behalf.  Her  loss  will  be  sincerely  mourned  not  only  by  the  women  of  the 
world  for  whom  she  battled,  but,  as  well,  by  the  race  in  which  she  had  such 
great  faith. 


APPENDIX.  1 59 1 

Birmingham  (Ala.)  Age-Herald:  Miss  Anthony  fought  for  the  liberty  of 
her  sisters,  while  most  of  them  treated  the  subject  lightly  or  scornfully.  They 
did  not  want  suffrage  rights,  or  at  least  they  refused  to  give  Miss  Anthony 
the  support  she  sorely  needed.  No  doubt  in  after  years  most,  if  not  all,  she 
asked  for  will  be  granted,  and  then  the  public  will  appreciate  the  intelligence 
and  earnest  devotion  of  the  great  reformer  who  lies  dead  at  her  home  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Birmingham  (Ala.)  Ledger:  Although  Miss  Anthony  had  almost  no  fol- 
lowing throughout  the  South,  and  Southern  people,  as  a  whole,  did  criticise 
her  most  adversely,  and  while  there  is  still  very  little  sympathy  with  her  ideas, 
yet  the  meed  of  respect  which  she  has  earned  cannot  and  will  not  be  withheld 
from  her. 


Jacksonville  (Fla.)  Times-Union:  We  had  hoped  to  hear  from  the  enfran- 
chised women  that  tyrant  man  was  not  allowed  to  mourn  for  Miss  Anthony 
nor  attend  her  funeral  services.  That  they  are  permitted  to  murmur  con- 
dolences speaks  much  for  the  meekness  and  innate  kindness  of  the  better  half 
of  the  world  that  recognizes  in  her  its  savior  and  its  friend. 


Atlanta  Journal:  Miss  Anthony  was  one  of  the  pioneers — ^was  the  pioneer 
perhaps— of  the  "woman's  rights"  cause  at  a  time  when  it  took  a  great  deal 
more  courage  to  advocate  the  overthrow  of  customs  and  conventions  than  it 
does  now.  She  was  regarded  as  a  crank.  But  she  had  the  courage  of  her  con- 
victions, and  for  many  years  had  lived  down  the  ridicule  with  which  she  and 
her  fellow-reformers  were  wont  to  be  greeted  at  the  beginning  of  their  en- 
deavors. She  succeeded  in  getting  a  hearing  for  her  ideas,  and  once  she  had 
a  long  hearing  she  inspired  respect  and  a  very  general  sympathy. 

The  greater  freedom  which  has  accrued  to  women  in  American  life  is  di- 
rectly traceable  to  the  efforts  of  these  pioneers.  They  accustomed  the  world 
in  which  they  moved  to  the  idea ;  they  took  the  brunt  of  criticism  themselves ; 
they  were  extremists  perhaps.  But  these  extremists  cleared  a  space  for  the 
large  and  more  moderate  following  of  women  who  came  after  them.  If  they 
had  done  nothing  more  than  gradually  to  spread  among  the  women  of  the 
country  the  idea  that  a  broader  interest  in  public  affairs^  in  all  phases  of  the 
national  life,  is  a  legitimate  feminine  province — if  they  had  done  no  more 
than  this — they  would  have  to  their  credit  a  vast  achievement. 

Miss  Anthony  lived  to  see  many  of  the  things  which  she  was  at  first  severely 
criticised  for  advancing  become  such  accustomed  phases  of  national  life  that 
they  no  longer  attracted  attention.  Co-education  is  very  general  now.  When 
Miss  Anthony  began  her  life-work  there  was  none  of  it.  .  .  .  Women  enter 
into  active  competition  with  the  men  in  all  practical  professions.  And  the 
sentiment  which  made  this  possible,  whether  it  is  an  unmixed  good  or  not,  is 
probably  due  more  to  the  work  of  Miss  Anthony  and  her  associates  than  to 
any  other  cause.  We  believe  the  result  of  the  movement  in  which  Miss  An- 
Ant.  Ill— 31 


1592  APPENDIX. 

thony  was  so  conspicuous  a  leader  has  been  to  give  women  a  larger  field  for 
growth  without  any  loss  of  their  distinctly  feminine  qualities  and  attributes. 

Miss  Anthony's  life  has  been  an  earnest  and  courageous  one,  and,  on  the 
whole,  a  useful  one.  Perhaps  it  might  have  been  a  happier  one  if  she  had  not 
begun  her  life-long  fight  against  what  was  the  established  order  when  she  was 
a  young  woman.  But  if  so — if  she  deliberately  turned  away  from  what  she 
knew  might  be  a  more  quiet  and  more  natural  existence,  deliberately  bartering 
these  for  what  she  considered  a  higher  usefulness — must  there  not  have  been  a 
strain  of  more  than  usual  nobility  in  her  character?  There  must  always  be  a 
voice  crying  in  the  wilderness. 

Atlanta  Constitution:  .  .  .  The  meed  of  great  and  persistent  courage  is 
hers,  as  well  as  earnestness,  self-sacrifice,  dearly-cut  reasoning  powers  and  a 
fidelity  to  conviction  which  would  have  done  credit  to  the  leader  of  any  of 
the  movements  that  have  marked  epochs  in  the  history  of  humanity. 

Miss  Anthony  in  conjunction  with  Elizabeth  Cady  Stanton,  Matilda  Joslyn 
Gage  and  other  women  of  emphatic  beliefs,  stood  valiantly  for  what  she  con- 
ceived a  big  and  vital  principle,  when  to  do  so  meant  ridicule,  intolerant  con- 
tempt and  enmity  at  times  amounting  almost  to  proscription.  The  harshest 
weapon,  perhaps,  that  could  have  been  used  against  this  undaunted  little 
coterie  was  the  charge  that  they  lacked  in  womanliness;  an  accusation  which 
has  ever  wounded  the  sensitive  feelings  of  womanhood  everjrwhere,  whether 
engaged  in  the  pursuits  of  private  life  or  in  the  glare  of  publicity  advocating 
such  reforms  as  they  deemed  equitable  and  needful  for  the  advancement  and 
protection  of  the  sex. 

That  Miss  Anthony  was  not  crushed  by  such  methods  is  the  strongest  pos- 
sible tribute  to  her  faith  in  a  new  and  unpopular  cause.  She  did  not  win  her 
crusade  for  what  she  considered  the  most  immanent  article  of  her  creed — equal 
suffrage  for  the  sexes ;  but  she  and  her  associates  won  an  incomparably  greater 
victory.  Their  courage  and  their  quiet  insistence  are  largely  responsible  for 
the  advanced  individual  status  of  women  everywhere  today.  Cluttered  at 
first  with  cranks,  as  is  every  reformatory  cause,  the  process  of  the  slow  years 
eliminated  all  superfluous  and  impending  elements  from  the  propaganda  of 
which  she  was  one  of  the  heads,  and  it  progressed  along  gradual  and  sensible 
lines  in  a  manner  that  finally  bore  down  the  first  fierce  antagonism.  It  will 
remain  for  the  historian  of  the  future  to  decide  just  what  part  Miss  Anthony 
and  her  fellow-workers  had  in  the  professional  and  industrial  activity  of 
women  today;  and  it  will  be  difficult  to  say  how  far  they  were  instrumental, 
through  their  courage  and  inspiration,  in  stimulating  the  intellectual  and  in- 
dividual apotheosis  of  the  sex  along  practical  lines.  This  process  in  fact  is 
merely  in  its  incipiency.  We  think,  however,  that  when  the  ultimate  esti- 
mate is  made  up,  the  example  and  the  preaching  of  this  brave  little  band  will 
figure  largeh'  in  the  allotting  of  definite  and  praiseworthy  credit. 

Savannah  (Ga.)  News:  Miss  Anthony's  next  appearance  of  note  was  as 
an  Abolitionist,  and  her  speeches  and  writings  did  hardly  less  than  those  of 
Julia  Ward  Howe  to  inflame  the  passions  of  the  Northern  people  against  the 


APPENDIX.  ^   1593 

South.  When  she  and  her  co-workers  for  abolition  had  succeeded  in  bring- 
ing the  two  sections  into  conflict  in  one  of  the  most  deplorable  of  wars,  and 
when  peace  had  been  restored.  Miss  Anthony  gave  her  attention  and  talents 
to  the  various  reforms  that  have  been  agitated  in  the  past  forty  years.  For 
a  time  she  was  regarded  as  the  very  soul  and  center  of  the  woman  suffrage 
movement  and  it  was  largely  through  her  efforts  that  the  word  "male"  was 
left  out  of  the  ballot  laws  of  several  of  the  new  States  of  the  West.  Another 
of  her  reforms  was  to  have  a  recognition  of  God  in  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States.  That  she  was  a  woman  of  great  ability,  talent  and  versatility 
needs  not  be  asserted;  her  career  is  sufficient  voucher  for  that.  She  will  be 
regarded  as  one  of  the  great  women  of  America  of  the  last  century. 

Augusta  (Ga.)  Chronicle:  Women  who  contend  most  strenuously  for  the 
rights  of  their  sex  are  as  a  rule  never  especially  attractive  to  the  masculine 
half  of  the  world's  population.  This  may  be  a  decidedly  uncomplimentary  ad-j 
mission  with  respect  to  the  mental  endowments  of  the  latter  but  nevertheless, 
it  is  so.  But,  above  all,  do  women  deliberately  run  the  risk  of  losing  the 
finer  respect  of  the  sterner  sex  when  they  don  the  garments  of  their  brothers. 
Men  admire— every  prompting  of  nature  incites  them  to  do  so— what  is  known 
as  womanliness  in  women,  and  the  least  departure  from  that  standard  at  once 
lowers  their  esteem.  And  the  wearing  of  men's  clothes,  as  Miss  Anthony 
did,  is  one  of  the  surest  methods  of  impressing  upon  the  male  mind  a  lack  of 
womanliness  in  the  wearer. 

Still  there  can  be  no  doubt  but  that  Miss  Anthony  by  her  long  life  so 
loyally  devoted  to  the  effort  to  bring  the  world  to  ag^ee  with  her  in  regard  to 
the  social  reforms  she  advocated,  has  left  an  indelible  mark  upon  the  thought 
of  her  time.  She  made  many  converts  to  her  peculiar  views,  and  though  prob- 
ably not  much  nearer  to  their  universal  prevalence  now  than  when  she  first 
undertook  her  life's  mission,  she  has  not  lived  or  labored  in  vain. 


Greenville  (S.  C.)  News:  The  passing  away  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  is  of 
more  than  ordinary  importance.  She  was  one  of  the  most  remarkable  women 
of  the  age  and  her  life  work  stands  apart  from  all  else  of  a  like  nature  in  the 
history  of  the  world.  She  began  the  advocacy  of  the  principles  which  she 
conceived  to  be  right  at  a  time  when  it  required  more  than  mere  courage  to 
confront  the  adverse  sentiment  that  it  aroused.  She  lived  through  a  long  pe- 
riod of  ridicule,  and  finally  arrived  at  a  point  where  she  had  the  respect  of 
the  country  at  large.  That  is  no  mean  compliment  to  pay  her,  and  to  have 
outlived  the  prejudice  and  opposition  that  once  confronted  her  proved  her  to 
be  a  woman  of  remarkable  power  and  sincerity  of  purpose. 


Charlotte  (N.  C.)  News:  Miss  Susan  B.  Anthony  is  dead.  She  died  at  a 
ripe  old  age  and  through  her  long  life  she  was  never  pestered  by  contaminat- 
ing association  with  the  unspeakable  man.  She  never  married.  In  fact,  Miss 
Anthony  seems  to  have  conceived  the  fancy  that  the  members  of  the  stronger 


1594  APPENDIX. 

sex  had  some  deep-seated  grudge  against  all  women  in  general  and  she  took 
upon  herself  the  task  of  avenging  the  wrongs  and  injustices  of  the  sex. 

Miss  Anthony  was  one  of  the  best  known  women  in  America  and  her  popu- 
larity was  obtained  through  her  indomitable  efforts  towards  woman  suffrage. 
Although  she  was  fervidly  sincere,  still,  evil  fate  that  it  was,  she  was  guided 
by  an  evil  star.  She  wore  ever  the  garb  of  delusion  and  spent  the  long  years 
of  her  life  in  pursuit  of  a  phantom,  which  grew  none  the  less  phantasmal 
through  her  ardent  chase  of  it. 

Although  she  put  the  best  efforts  of  her  life  into  the  task  of  securing  suffrage 
for  the  women  of  America,  still  when  the  angel  of  death  called  for  her  she 
was  forced  to  look  back  over  a  life  strewn  with  little  but  failure.  Miss  An- 
thony was  sincere  and  meant  well,  but  she  had  the  wrong  idea  of  the  likes 
and  desires  of  the  other  members  of  her  sex  all  over  the  land.  She  never 
realized  the  fact  that  the  great  majority  of  American  women  cared  not  for 
suffrage.  Had  she  realized  this  she  would  have  spent  her  energies  in  a  more 
profitable  and  worthy  cause. 

No,  the  good  women  of  our  country  do  not  want  suffrage.  They  care  noth- 
ing for  "rights"  and  "franchises".  They  are  happy  and  content  to  reign  in 
the  happy  kingdom  of  the  home.  They  esteem  more  highly  the  work  of  rear- 
ing the  children  aright  and  making  the  home  cozy  and  attractive  than  they  do 
for  the  matter  of  the  "ways  and  means"  of  getting  Bill  Jones  elected  as  cor- 
oner. They  have  a  work,  a  calling  apart  and  by  far  more  sacred  than  that  of 
making  good  laws  and  steering  the  Ship  of  State. 

Our  good  women  have  ever  been  happy  in  their  God-given  work,  and  that 
they  may  be  content  and  happy  in  it  forever  is  our  earnest  wish. 

Raleigh  (N.  C.)  News-Observer:  Miss  Anthony  gave  her  life  to  advocat- 
ing woman  suffrage  and  other  measures  that  she  thought  would  bless  human- 
ity. In  a  day  of  indulgence  and  indifference  to  great  questions,  how  inspiring 
is  the  spectacle  of  a  large-minded  woman  consecrating  herself  and  all  her 
powers  to  one  cause  that  had  no  selfishness  in  it ! 


Danville  (Va.)  Bee:  Long  as  Miss  Anthony  lived,  she  did  not  have  the  privi- 
lege of  seeing  any  very  encouraging  results  from  her  labors,  though  she  did 
live  to  see  a  measure  of  toleration  for  the  movement  with  which  she  was 
identified  that  was  not  accorded  to  it  some  years  ago.  It  must  be  conceded 
also  that  the  movement  gained  strength  and  the  number  of  its  supporters  was 
largely  increased.  Miss  Anthony  may  have  found  some  satisfaction  in  the 
knowledge  that  she  left  the  cause  she  so  long  espoused  stronger  than  it  was 
when  she  began  to  plead  for  it,  and  she  may  have  felt  also  that  she  was  leaving 
something  of  her  spirit  in  the  breasts  of  those  who  remain  behind  to  carry  on 
the  work.  We  cannot  get  rid  of  the  feeling,  however,  that  her  superior  tal- 
ents might  have  been  more  profitably  exercised  in  some  other  way. 

Lynchburg  (Va.)  News:  .  .  ,  Contrasting  these  existing  facts  with  what 
was  unquestionably  the  universal  and  overwhelming  public  sentiment  against 


APPENDIX.  1595 

Miss  Anthony  during  the  early  stages  of  her  career,  it  is  easy  to  understand 
how  great  and  forceful  a  leader  she  has  proved  herself  to  be. 

'Tis  but  a  narrowed  and  smitten  vision  that  would  view  such  an  individual 
in  other  aspect  than  as  a  noble  woman — ^nobly  consecrated  to  a  cause,  which 
to  her  was  in  its  essence  and  meaning  both  righteous  and  tending  to  the  up- 
lift of  her  sex.  And  this  we  say  though  radically  at  odds  with  the  philosophy 
to  which  Miss  Anthony  rendered  so  sublimely  courageous  an  adherence. 

Roanoke  (Va.)  World:  A  woman  of  strong  and  cultivated  intellect  Miss 
Anthony  has  made  her  impress  upon  her  class  and  has  influenced  a  number 
of  followers  who  will  continue  to  advocate  the  claims  of  women  to  the  ballot. 
But  if  she  has  promoted  any  really  great  work  the  results  of  her  labors  are 
not  visible,  and  she  may  end  her  years  on  earth  with  the  consciousness  that 
with  all  her  activity  and  earnestness  in  wrong  directions,  she  leaves  no  lasting 
monument  of  good  accomplished  for  humanity. 

Roanoke  (Va.)  Times:  In  the  life  of  Miss  Anthony  there  are  many  points 
that  can  be  studied  with  profit.  It  was  a  long  one  and  full  of  good  work.  She 
was  charitable  and  ever  ready  to  help  the  poor  and  oppressed,  but  she  was 
different  from  most  women  and,  to  our  mind,  the  chief  aim  of  her  existence, 
which  was  expressedly  the  furtherance  of  woman's  rights,  was  a  failure. 

Women  possessed  of  mental  ability  must  use  it.  It  will  be  exercised  and 
must  expand.  Miss  Anthony  never  married  and  knew  none  of  the  joys  of  a 
home  of  her  own,  in  the  true  sense  of  the  word.  To  her  woman's  sphere  was 
out  in  the  open,  exercising  the  same  rights  in  the  Government  as  man,  and 
this  was  what  she  started  out  to  bring  about.  The  influence  of  woman  is  felt 
in  every  sphere  of  life  but  the  influence  she  exerts  along  the  lines  suggested  by 
Miss  Anthony  is  not  the  lasting  kind  and  not  the  kind  that  counts  in  the  end. 
We  honor  the  memory  of  her  as  a  noble  woman,  self-sacrificing  and  faithful, 
but  we  do  not  remember  her  as  having  more  than  been  instrumental  in  keeping 
alive  a  question  that  the  best-thinking  women  of  the  world  themselves  admit 
is  a  fallacy. 


Parkersburg  (W.  Va.)  Dispatch-News:  From  the  time  that  Miss  Anthony 
began  her  struggle,  when  ignorance  intolerant  of  a  new  doctrine  drove  her 
fleeing  from  frenzied  mobs,  her  propaganda  went  forward  year  by  year;  State 
after  State  and  community  after  community  became  willing  converts  to  her 
creed.  In  the  last  three  national  campaigns  women  delegates  were  sprinkled 
in  the  great  conventions  in  no  inconsiderable  numbers. 

There  has  never  been  a  lessening  of  the  forceful  march,  and  there  will  not 
be.  A  principle  that  was  planted  amidst  unreasoning  riots;  that  has  swept 
through  the  years  and  blossomed  into  full-fledged  bloom  in  the  placid  peace  of 
a  well-set  intellectuality,  will  not  die  with  its  author's  final  extinguishment. 
Were  it  no  more  vital  than  that,  it  would  have  died  almost  ere  it  was  born. 
It  will  go  on  and  on,  like  the  march  of  a  human  soul — and  like  the  marching 
soul,  nobody  can  divine  its  end.  Woman  suffrage  is  a  living,  breathing  ques- 
tion of  the  times. 


1596  APPENDIX. 

Wheeling  (W.  Va.)  Register:  In  the  death  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  the  cause 
of  woman  suffrage  loses  its  strongest  supporter  and  the  world  an  able  and 
sincere  woman,  who  has  done  much  to  uphold  the  rights  of  her  sex  and  for 
the  amelioration  of  woman's  environment. 


Nashville  (Tenn.)  Banner:  Miss  Anthony  has  been  a  very  earnest  as  well 
as  a  very  strong  character.  She  believes  fervently  in  the  reforms  she  has 
attempted  to  institute  and  has  the  courage  of  conviction.  Her  activity  and 
prominence  in  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage  have  made  her  the  subject  of  much 
ridicule,  which  she  bravely  withstood.  The  object  for  which  she  labored  is 
very  far  from  universal  accomplishment,  and  by  the  greater  part  of  the  prac- 
tical world  it  is  still  regarded  as  chimerical,  or  at  least  inadvisable,  but  it  has 
within  the  past  twenty-five  years  made  decided  advances  largely  due  to  the 
efforts  of  Miss  Anthony  and  her  associates  in  the  woman  suffrage  movement 

Aside  from  what  has  been  accomplished  in  the  interest  of  woman  suffrage, 
much  good  has  been  done  by  the  abolition  of  laws  affecting  injuriously 
women's  legal  status  and  property  rights  that  were  the  relic  of  the  unenlight- 
ened past.  The  English  common  law  classed  married  women  with  idiots  and 
infants  in  incapacity,  and  many  unjust  discriminations  were  made  against  the 
sex  as  compared  with  the  privileges  of  men.  The  agitation  carried  on  by 
women  of  Miss  Anthony's  class  has  had  much  to  do  with  correcting  these 
wrongs.   .  .   . 

She  labored  more  abundantly  than  them  all.  She  has  been  a  staunch  pioneer 
in  a  cause  without  great  sympathy  from  even  those  whom  she  sought  to 
benefit  The  world  is  not  yet  prepared  to  concede  that  she  is  right  in  her 
demand  for  complete  sex-equality,  but  it  is  now  freely  acknowledged  that  she 
has  accomplished  good  results  and  that  she  has  been  thoroughly  earnest  and 
conscientious  in  all  she  has  undertaken. 

Chattanooga  (Tenn.)  News:  The  death  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  removes  the 
greatest  woman  that  this  country  has  produced.  That  may  seem  to  be  an  ex- 
travagant statement,  but  history  will  sustain  it. 


Louisville  (Ky.)  Herald:  If  women  of  the  type  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  were 
to  be  the  contribution  of  an  extended  suffrage  to  our  national  life,  few  would 
be  inclined  to  do  other  than  urge  its  enactment. 


Most  of  the  religious  papers  of  the  country  devoted  a  considerable  amount 
of  space  to  sketches  of  Miss  Anthony's  life  and  comment  She  never  had  a 
more  uncompromising  opponent  than  the  Rev.  Dr.  James  M.  Buckley,  or  one 
who  had  more  often  declared  in  effect  that  woman  suffrage  would  be  the 
"sum  of  all  villainies"  which  Providence  and  the  people  would  never  permit; 
but  he  devoted  a  page-and-a-half  of  his  paper,  the  Christian  Advocate,  (New 
York),  to  a  comprehensive  sketch  of  Miss  Anthony's  career.  He  said:  "In 
her  most  belligerent  period  Miss  Anthony  was  a  dangerous  woman  in  debate 


APPENDIX.  1597 

before  a  popular  audience  and  played  with  her  opponent  as  a  cat  does  with  a 
mouse/'  and  thus  continued : 

*ln  later  years  her  personality,  chastened  by  the  flight  of  time,  became  most 
winning.  Certain  intense  and  emotional  women  who  had  been  lifelong  op- 
ponents of  woman  suffrage  needed  no  argument  when  presented  to  Miss  An- 
thony; her  vivacious  manner  and  benign  aspect  won  them  over  at  once.   .   .  . 

''Many  changes  have  taken  place  since  she  began  her  career.  In  some  of  the 
States  the  laws  give  women  so  many  protections  that  it  is  almost  dangerous 
to  go  into  business  transactions  with  them.  Woman  is  now  admitted  to  any 
sort  of  business  that  she  can  do,  and  in  some  instances  they  receive  larger 
salaries  than  they  would  receive  if  they  were  men.  In  several  States  they  are 
also  allowed  to  vote  on  school  questions,  and  in  a  few  of  the  Western  States 
to  vote  on  the  same  terms  and  conditions  as  men.  Whether  what  Miss  An- 
thony most  aimed  at,  universal  suffrage,  will  come  to  pass  in  any  thickly 
settled  State  of  this  Union  or  in  the  District  of  Columbia  and  the  Territories, 
or  in  any  of  the  great  nations  of  Europe,  remains  to  be  seen.  The  advocates 
are  constantly  seeing  signs  of  progress.  The  opponents  of  the  movement 
think  that  there  has  been  a  decided  retrogression  within  a  few  years.*  What- 
ever, however,  may  be  the  fate  of  the  proposition,  Susan  B.  Anthony  has  a 
sure  place  among  distinguished  English-speaking  women." 

The  Western  Christian  Advocate,  (Cincinnati),  thought  it  would  be  much 
better  for  all  women  to  marry  and  that  if  Miss  Anthony  had  had  her  life  to 
live  over  possibly  she  would  have  preferred  marriage ;  but  it  said,  "She  led  a 
useful  life.  .  .  .  Her  motives  were  good  .  .  .  Women  have  a  great  deal 
for  which  to  thank  Susan  B.  Anthony.  She  has  made  the  way  clear  for  them 
to  own  their  property  and  children ;  to  cam  their  living  side  by  side  with  men, 
and  to  have  great  influence  in  public  life.  Without  their  interference  the 
juvenile  court  law  and  the  child-labor  legislation  could  not  have  been  passed." 
"But,  after  all,"  the  editor  concluded,  "it  is  the  wife,  the  woman  who  stays 
home  and  cooks  the  supper  and  takes  care  of  the  children,  who,  with  love  in 
her  heart,  makes  the  world  go  round."  And  yet  it  seems  from  the  Advocate's 
own  statement  that  laws  as  well  as  love  are  necessary  and  that  some  children 
need  more  care  than  they  get  in  the  home. 

The  Central  Christian  Advocate,  (Kansas  City,  Mo.),  in  a  four-column 
editorial,  recapitulated  all  the  changes  in  the  laws  favorable  to  women  and 
said:  "Which  of  these  rights  and  privileges  did  women  acquire  by  female 
suffrage?  Not  one.  The  removal  of  all  these  disabilities  has  been  done  by 
man.  Does  woman  need  the  suffrage?  The  answer  is  self-evident  and 
axiomatic — she  does  not."  The  editor  held  there  is  no  natural  right  to  the 
suffrage  but  it  is  the  prerogative  of  intelligence,  and,  while  it  should  never  be 
forced  on  women,  he  concluded:    "What,  therefore,  by  virtue  of  intelligence 

^  Women  vote  on  school  questions  in  over  half  of  the  States.  At  the  time  this  editorial 
was  written  they  had  complete  suffrage  in  Australia  and  New  Zealand;  during  the  same 
year  this  was  granted  in  Finland  and  the  next  year  in  Norway,  while  it  is  almost  assured 
for  the  coming  year  in  Sweden.  The  prospects  are  very  favorable  for  the  full  enfran- 
chisement  of  the  women  of  Great  Britain  in  the  near  future. 


1598  APPENDIX. 

becomes  the  right  of  man,  by  virtue  of  a  like  and  equal  intelligence  becomes 
the  right  of  woman.  This  applies  to  the  ballot  as  well  as  to  anything  else. 
.  .  .  When  the  moment  comes  that  women  do  want  the  ballot,  when  they  do 
ask  for  it,  it  would  be  medieval  tyranny — the  old  tyranny  that  woman  is  the 
property  of  the  man,  the  old  tyranny  that  'they  twain  shall  be  one,'  and  that 
one  shall  be  the  male  lord  of  creation — when  they  do  ask  for  it,  we  repeat,  it 
would  be  nothing  short  of  superficial  and  contemptible  egotism  and  barbarism 
to  refuse  it  to  them." 

Z ion's  Herald  (Boston)  said :  "Miss  Anthony  was  a  woman  of  keen  mind, 
strong  will  and  big  ambition,  apt  to  teach,  not  so  apt  perhaps  to  learn,  a  bom 
leader  and  a  staunch  friend,  whose  best  service  was  wrought  not  for  the  special 
cause  of  which  she  talked  most,  but  for  the  broader  interests  of  womanhood 
and  for  the  moral  emancipation  of  the  slaves  of  drink  and  of  physical  serfdom." 

All  of  the  above  are  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  denomination. 

The  Watchman,  of  Boston,  (Baptist),  said  in  its  tribute:  "The  women  of 
today  hardly  realize  how  much  they  owe  to  Miss  Anthony  and  her  associates, 
who,  through  fires  of  ridicule  and  wrath  have  fairly  forced  the  equality  which 
women  now  enjoy  before  the  law  from  a  reluctant  male  electorate." 

The  Morning  Star,  of  Boston,  (Free  Baptist),  said  in  part:  "On  the 
height  where  Miss  Anthony  stood  she  could  see  the  woman's  cause  in  a  clearer 
light  than  those  who  were  on  the  lower  levels  and  the  vision  sustained  her. 
This  is  not  strange  in  the  present  state  of  the  cause.  It  has  more  friends, 
and  even  when  it  is  opposed  it  is  done  with  more  civility  and  intelligence,  per- 
haps, than  was  the  case  a  generation  ago.  Then  the  opposition  was  always 
ignorant  of  the  real  end  in  view  and  it  was  sometimes  brutal.  Society  was 
still  in  the  condition  in  which  it  believed  that  it  was  woman's  destiny  to  be 
"obedient"  to  man,  and  in  which  her  essential  capacity  for  ignorance  was  so 
taken  for  granted  that  equal  educational  privileges  for  her  were  never  pro- 
vided. But  in  the  midst  of  these  circumstances  Miss  Anthony  identified  her- 
self with  the  woman's  cause  with  as  much  courage  and  hopefulness  as  most 
people  do  with  a  cause  that  is  already  the  object  of  popular  favor. 

Her  death  twenty  years  ago  would  have  been  a  far  more  serious  thing  for 
the  suffragist  cause  than  it  is  today.  Then  the  cause  was  little  known  and 
little  cared  about  and  had  less  ground  for  triumph  than  it  now  has.  With 
whole  States  making  no  distinction  between  men  and  women  voters;  with 
many  cities  and  towns  allowing  women  to  vote  on  school  questions  and  re- 
lated matters,  and  with  a  larger  company  of  able  advocates  of  the  cause  than 
it  ever  had  before,  there  is  good  ground  to  expect  that  a  movement,  which 
was  so  laboriously  climbing  up  the  hill  in  the  nineteenth  century,  will  stand 
on  the  summit  in  the  twentieth,  and  be  recognized  as  one  of  the  century's  dis- 
tinctive achievements. 

The  Christian  Register,  of  Boston,  (Unitarian),  had  a  long  sketch  but  no 
editorial  opinion.  The  Presbyterian,  of  Philadelphia,  said :  "Beyond  question, 
whatever  one  may  think  regarding  the  desirability  of  woman  suffrage,  it  is  a 


APPENDIX.  1599 

fact  that  the  women  who  have  persistently  agitated  the  question  have  given  to 
all  women  rights  that  those  living  today  wonder  were  ever  withheld." 

Der  Christliche  Apologete:  Susan  B.  Anthony,  the  tireless  champion  of 
woman's  rights,  may  well  be  called  a  heroine  of  modem  times.  .  .  .  She 
spoke  before  every  Congress  from  1869  to  1906.  There  is  scarcely  a  State  or 
a  territory  in  which  she  has  not  spoken  and  in  most  of  them  many  times. 
.  .  .  During  a  period  of  fifty-seven  years  she  made  thousands  of  speeches 
on  behalf  of  temperance,  anti-slavery,  woman  suffrage  and  social  purity.  Her 
voice  was  a  rich  contralto  and  she  could  easily  make  herself  heard  by  audi- 
ences numbering  several  thousand  persons.  She  spoke  in  a  strong,  argumenta- 
tive style  and  by  her  clear  logic  and  intense  earnestness  she  convinced  all  those 
who  heard  her.  Although  Miss  Anthony,  in  her  public  speaking  never  de- 
pended upon  a  manuscript  but  preferred  to  be  entirely  free  even  from  notes, 
her  articles  prepared  for  the  press  show  great  industry,  and  such  of  her  ad- 
dresses as  have  been  preserved,  her  articles  written  for  magazines,  her  letters 
and  other  documents  are  rich  in  thought  and  choice  in  language. 

In  the  first  years  of  her  public  work  Miss  Anthony  suffered  bitter  persecu- 
tion. During  the  last  years  of  her  life  she  was  the  most  honored  woman  in 
the  whole  country.    .    .    • 

The  New  York  Observer,  (Presbyterian),  took  the  following  view :  ''Susan 
B.  Anthony,  who  died  recently,  was  a  woman  of  strong  mind  and  still  stronger 
will,  who  had  the  courage  of  her  convictions,  and  was  always  ready  to  make 
pecuniary  sacrifices  in  behalf  of  the  reforms  she  espoused.  She  did  good  serv- 
ice for  temperance  and  abolition  and  will  be  remembered  for  that  when  her 
peculiar  views  on  other  questions  are  forgotten." 

Just  before  Miss  Anthony's  death.  Unity,  (Chicago),  edited  by  the  Rev. 
Jenkyn  Lloyd  Jones,  said :  "How  splendidly  does  time  vindicate  the  prophet, 
and  how  the  generations  atone  for  the  mistakes  of  the  day  I  During  more  than 
half  of  the  long  public  career  of  Miss  Anthony  she  was  the  butt  of  journalistic 
ridicule  or  something  worse.  Now,  without  yielding  one  whit  of  her  high 
position  or  withdrawing  a  line  from  her  main  contention,  she  is  doubtless  the 
best  known,  the  most  beloved  and  the  most  widely  honored  woman  in  America. 
Nay,  we  will  not  even  use  a  sex  word.  Is  she  not  clearly  the  foremost  citizen 
in  the  United  States  today,  man  or  woman  ?  We  dare  say  this  with  no  disre- 
spect to  President  Roosevelt  or  to  Edward  Everett  Hale,  the  next  in  line  of 
honored  citizens." 

And  just  afterwards  it  said :  "The  best  known  and  the  best  loved  woman  in 
all  the  world  has  passed  away.  Susan  B.  Anthony  certainly  is  our  nation's 
great  emancipator  of  womanhood.  Ever  has  she  been  foremost  on  the  firing 
line  of  the  vast  army  that  believes  that  she  who  rocks  the  cradle  should  be 
counted  at  the  ballot  box  in  the  ruling  of  the  world.  Where  the  home  is  hit 
hardest — ^where  it  meets  in  deadly  conflict  the  saloon — ^there  Miss  Anthony 
ever  fought  the  bravest.  Her  presence  has  ever  been  like  a  Joan  of  Arc  to  the 
great  hosts  she  so  nobly  and  for  half-a-century  has  so  heroically  led  on.  She 
felt,  and  perhaps  has  made  us  all  feel  more  keenly  than  any  of  her  day,  that 


l600  APPENDIX. 

woman  suffers  because  she  has  not  been  allowed  to  register  her  great  heart 
protest  where  her  father,  husband  and  brother  register  theirs.  So  for  woman 
suffrage  she  gave  her  life — every  drop  of  its  blue  blood." 


The  papers  published  by  the  Women's  Christian  Temperance  Union  in  all 
parts  of  the  world  gave  long  and  appreciative  sketches  and  editorials.  The 
White  Ribbon,  of  Christchurch,  New  Zealand,  devoted  two  pages  (with  por- 
trait) to  this  purpose.  The  Union  Signal,  (Chicago),  issued  a  memorial  fran- 
chise number  of  sixteen  pages,  with  portraits,  giving  uncontrovertible  testi- 
mony as  to  the  favorable  results  of  woman  suffrage  in  the  four  States  where 
it  prevails.  The  Minnesota  White  Ribbon,  (edited  by  Mrs.  Julia  B.  Nelson), 
had  a  large  picture  and  an  editorial  saying  in  part : 

'When  a  man  was  needed  to  lead  three  millions  of  people  from  Egyptian 
bondage,  the  Lord  raised  up  Moses  who  thought  himself  slow  of  speech  but 
undertook  the  great  work  with  the  understanding  that  Aaron  would  do  the 
public  speaking.  When  the  hour  had  come  for  African  slavery  on  American 
soil  to  die,  there  was  not  wanting  a  Lincoln  to  hit  it  hard.  "When  with  tears 
of  His  daughters  God's  bottles  were  full,"  Susan  B.  Anthony  came  into  the 
world's  arena  with  a  spirit  as  dauntless  as  ever  animated  soldier  or  martyr 
and  led  the  most  forlorn  hope  in  human  history  to  a  success  unparalleled  by 
the  greatest  achievements  of  any  military  hero. 

"Mary  Wollstonecraft,  who  in  1792,  in  London,  published  a  fiery  appeal  en- 
titled 'The  Rights  of  Women,'  was  the  Lief  Ericson  who  sighted  a  new  world 
for  women.  Susan  B.  Anthony  was  the  indomitable  Columbus  who,  in  spite 
of  opposition  and  ridicule,  sailed  on  and  on  till  the  eyes  of  faint-hearted 
friends  were  gladdened  by  the  sight  of  the  good  green  isles  adjacent  to  a 
grand  continent  which  surpassed  all  their  expectations.'^ 


The  Suffrage  Newsletter,  official  organ  of  the  New  York  State  Association 
sent  out  a  fine  memorial  number  of  seventy-six  pages  entirely  devoted  to  mat- 
ters connected  with  Miss  Anthony's  life,  work  and  death. 


From  a  large  number  of  poems  the  following  have  been  selected : 

If  you  love  her,  tell  her  so. 
Do  not  wait  till  she  is  dead,  for  the  things  you  might  have  said. 
Must,your  tardy  meed  of  praise  linger  on  beyond  her  days 
That  are  passing,  ah,  so  fast?    Do  not  wait  until  the  last 

If  you  love  her,  tell  her  so. 

If  you  trust  her,  tell  her  so. 
Long  has  been  her  upward  road,  far  too  great  the  heavy  load. 
Did  your  words  sweet  comfort  bring?    Did  your  voice  of  triumph  sing. 
When  the  world  with  scornful  eye,  on  the  "other  side"  passed  by? 

If  you  trust  her,  tell  her  so. 


APPENDIX.  160I 

If  you  love  her,  tell  her  so. 
She  has  blazed  the  trackless  way,  where  your  weaker  feet  may  stray, 
After  all  its  thorns  are  gone,  after  night  has  changed  to  dawn, 
'Neath  the  glorious  rising  sun,  ere  her  work  is  wholly  done, 

If  you  love  her,  tell  her  so. 

Louise  Lawrence  Fitch,  (Written  in  1904)* 

Story  and  song  shall  hallow  thy  dear  name. 

Thou  beautiful  Aunt  Susan  who  art  dead. 

And  all  the  world  bind  laurel  round  thy  head 

And  lift  thy  praises  in  one  glorious  strain. 

But  those  who  saw  thee  nearer  than  the  rest, 

Who  heard  thy  dear  voice  speak  to  near  home-friends, 

Saw  homely,  humble  tasks  employ  thy  hands, 

With  truer  knowledge  of  thy  life  are  blest. 

Thou  hadst  the  universal  mother-heart ; 

Though  not  a  mother  in  the  ties  of  blood. 

Full  many  a  child  has  known  thy  mother-love 

And  blessed  thee  as  one  sainted  and  apart. 

If  I  may  know  thee  only  from  one  side, 

I  choose  thy  woman's  home-life,  glorified. 

Anna  Anthony  Bacon. 

No  dead  march  beating  on  the  air,  no  roll  of  muffled  drum, 
As  we  our  faithful  captain  bear  unto  her  final  home ; 
Yet  hath  she  fought  as  brave  a  fight  as  ever  soldier  won, 
Who  held  the  tented  field  at  night  or  manned  the  mounted  gun. 
Her  weapons  were  of  soul  and  brain,  her  white  flag  lettered  Peace ; 
Her  own  heart  bled,  and  yet  again  and  on  without  surcease 
She  charged  the  ranks  of  foemen  strong,  forever  in  the  van. 
And  by  winning  Right  for  woman,  she  hath  won  it  too  for  man. 

EunNA  C.  TOMKINS. 

No  ministering  angel,  she, 

To  bind  up  wounds  or  cool  the  fevered  brow 

With  the  soft  hands  of  pity. 

She  was  of  that  sterner  stuff 
Whereof  God  makes  his  heroes. 
Stalwart,  stark — ^yet  pitiful  withal. 
With  tearless  tenderness  that  found  expression 
In  deeds  of  battle  for  the  cause  of  right 
Hers  was  the  warrior  soul 
Locked  in  a  woman's  breast. 
Predestined  to  do  battle. 
Nobly  she  strove,  yet  sacrificed  no  whit 
Of  that  true  womanhood 
Which  was  her  high  ideal. 


l602  APPENDIX. 


A  lady  valiant,  she, 
Semiramis  of  suffrage,  who  enlarged 
The  boundaries  that  spaciously  enclose 
Her  sex's  empire. 

Great  were  her  labors,  great  her  victories, 
As  liberty  attests.    The  bays  be  hers. 
Yet  this  her  greatest  glory — 
That  though  opposing  and  opposed  thereby 
To  stale  conventions  by  the  world  esteemed. 
She  overthrew  them ;  yet  at  last  still  held 
The  love  of  women  and  respect  of  men. 

St.  Louis  Clobe-Democrai, 


The  rose  lies  withered — 
And  is  her  beauty  gone? 

Near  the  highway. 
In  the  far-off  spring  time, 
A  little  bud  was  formed 
Under  the  shelter  of  green  leaves. 
The  strong  green  leaves  rustled : 
"We  will  guard  this  lovely  thing 

So  the  fierce  sun  shall  not  strike  it 
Nor  the  dust  of  traffic  mar." 

But  the  tender  bud  with  heart  of  gold 

Said:    "Brothers,  nay! 

Give  me  room  among  you,  for  I  must  unfold." 

Sadly  and  reluctantly 
The  strong  green  leaves  turned  aside : 
"Now  is  she  begrimed." 

Then  came  the  rain — 

The  rain  of  tears  from  sister  flowers — 

Tears  garnered  up  since  those  primeval  days 

When  blossoms  first  appeared — 

And  the  rose  shone  out  resplendent, 

A  thing  of  beauty  and  for  all  eternity  a  joy. 

And  now  the  rose  lies  withered — 

But  with  her  still 

Is  the  beauty  that  is  truth ; 

And  around  her  lingers  a  fragrance 

Sweeter  than  the  bloom  of  youth  is  fair ; 

For  her  heart  was  pure. 

Trigg's  Magazine,  (Chicago). 


APPENDIX.  1603 


A  towering  mountain,  round  whose  crest 
The  storm  winds  circle,  sweep  and  beat, 

Bears  in  its  heart  the  eagle's  nest, 
And  many  a  wilding's  shy  retreat. 

The  pine  that  stands  so  tough  and  strong, 
Defying  tempests  fierce  and  wild, 

Hears  the  shy  woodland  thrush's  song 
And  whispers  to  the  cotter's  child. 

So  thou  who  hadst  the  heart  to  feel 
The  courage  of  some  warrior  old, 

Who  never  shrank  at  keenest  steel. 
At  failure  only  grew  more  bold ; 

So  thou,  courageous,  strong  and  brave. 

Had  nature  womanly  and  sweet. 
Only  the  tenderest  hearted  have 

Friendships  and  loves  so  all  complete. 

The  world  shall  give  its  tardy  praise. 
Time  thy  far-sighted  wisdom  prove; 

Amid  the  laurels  these  shall  raise 
I  lay  the  tribute  of  my  love. 

Edith  Willis  Linn. 


Under  palms  and  laurel  wreaths  her  dust  is  laid  to  rest. 
And  the  hands  that  wrought  so  faithfully  are  folded  on  her  breast ; 
Now  the  grave  has  closed  above  our  strongest  and  our  best ; 
But  her  cause  is  marching  on. 

She  had  borne  the  heat  and  burden  of  a  long  and  weary  day ; 
She  had  broken  through  the  wilderness  a  hard  and  toilsome  way ; 
Then  died  when  fair  before  her  eyes  the  Land  of  Promise  lay ; 
But  her  cause  is  marching  on. 

All  the  wrongs  of  womanhood  were  aching  in  her  breast ; 
She  has  fought  the  fight  of  freedom  for  the  lowly  and  oppressed; 
And  the  unborn  generations  shall  rise  up  and  call  her  blessed. 
As  her  cause  goes  marching  on. 

We  will  carry  on  the  standard  that  her  failing  strength  let  fall; 
Still  her  spirit  goes  before  us  and  we  follow  at  her  call ; 
"Failure  cannot  be,"  she  signals—Greatheart,  leader  of  us  all ; 
Her  cause  is  marching  on. 


l604  APPENDIX. 

"He  who  gives  his  life  shall  save  it,"  runneth  still  the  old  decree; 
What  she  spent  in  utmost  service  must  he  hers  eternally. 
And  among  the  bright  immortals  shall  her  name  forever  be. 
As  her  cause  goes  marching  on. 

Flobence  Whitman  Wile. 


God's  witness  to  His  Truth  she  stood 

Amid  a  world  of  hate  and  wrong ; 

Gentle  and  sweet  yet  wondrous  strong; 
The  highest  type  of  Womanhood. 

Her  prayer  no  pleading  of  the  lip. 

No  servile  bending  of  the  knee. 

But  work  for  Justice,  Liberty, 
And  noble,  loving  Fellowship. 

An  uncrowned  Queen  by  Nature's  grace. 

To  pomp  and  pride  she  paid  no  heed. 

Nor  caviled  at  the  name  of  creed ; 
Her  children  were  the  human  race. 

She  is  not  dead  but  more  alive 

Than  in  her  fairest  earthly  days ; 

Her  work  has  brightened  all  our  ways. 
Rejoice!    She  need  no  longer  strive. 

From  holy  heights  our  Saint  shall  see 

The  fruits  of  toil  and  sacrifice. 

And  happier  be  in  Paradise 
For  Freedom's  unstained  victory. 

EuzABETH  Lowe  Watson, 


Lo,  even  until  the  outgoing  refluent  tide 

Wrapt  her  great  soul  away, 
With  backward,  wistful  look  toward  earth  and  life. 

Her  purpose  still  held  sway. 

She  dreamed  her  dreams — ^not  visions  of  romance 

Embalmed  in  tale  and  song ; 
And  with  unprecedented  valor  waged 

Her  battle  against  wrong. 

Womanhood's  woman,  tender,  lofty,  leal. 

With  faith  and  hope  imbued ; 
"A  maiden  knight"  whom  fear  could  not  assail. 

Undaunted,  unsubdued. 


APPENDIX.  1605 

She  planned  great  things,  great  things  did  she  achieve. 

That  won  the  world's  acclaim ; 
Laden  with  years,  laden  with  works  she  went, 

And  with  undying  fame. 

But  not  for  glory— grander,  gladder,  higher. 

The  tasks  at  which  she  wrought. 
Her  glorious  work  shall  not  be  left  imdone. 

Her  greatness  unforgot. 

The  same  is  kept  of  God,  who  taketh  heed 

That  nothing  perishes, 
Until  it  touch  and  teach  the  world's  deep  heart 

To  help  and  heal  and  bless. 

The  half-read  prophecies  of  all  the  years 

Shall  find  fulfilment  soon ; 
The  long  and  half-discordant  chimes  of  life 

Peal  forth  in  perfect  tune. 

RosAUNE  E.  Jones. 


Long  years  and  years  ago,  one  February  mom, 
Within  a  Quaker  home,  a  little  child  was  bom ; 
And  strangest  words  were  heard,  from  forms  that  were  unseen: 
"This  humble  little  child  shall  be  a  crowned  queen. 
Shall  be  a  crowned  queen." 

Oh,  surely  Fate  had  mocked  her  obscure  birth. 
In  speaking  thus  to  welcome  her  to  earth ! 
"A  crowned  queen  I"    Too  strange  a  destiny ! 
And  all  unnoted  fell  the  prophecy. 

How  can  it  be  that  for  this  girl  doth  wait 

A  royal  realm?    A  crown?    The  common  fate 

Of  care  and  pain,  a  woman's  joys  and  tears, 

And  daily  work — ^what  else  could  come  with  years? 

But  ever  as  the  girl  to  woman  grew. 
One  steadfast  purpose  did  she  keep  in  view ; 
Whate'er  the  cost  might  be,  to  do  her  best 
To  right  the  wrong  and  lift  up  the  oppressed. 

For  years  and  years  she  taught  and  toiled  and  schemed, 
To  help  in  every  way  the  ones  she  deemed 
In  greatest  need  of  help — all  womankind. 
In  her  no  woman  ever  failed  a  friend  to  find. 


l6o6  APPENDIX. 

And  so  it  came  about  that  women  knew 
Their  world  enlarged ;  their  lives  much  richer  grew, 
And  doors,  before  closed  fast,  were  opened  wide, 
And  chances  new  appeared  on  every  side. 

In  truth  for  women  'twas  a  new-found  world, 
They  entered  in  and  there  their  flag  unfurled ; 
A  wide,  wide  world — and  then  'twas  clearly  seen 
This  new-found  world  should  have  an  honored  queen. 

They  sought  and  found  her  then — ^and  bent  the  knee, 
And  paid  her  homage  due,  with  love  and  loyalty. 
And  who  was  she,  thus  chosen  from  the  rest? 
The  woman  who  had  done  for  them  her  best. 

Miss  Anthony,  not  bom  of  kingly  line, 
In  woman's  realm  was  queen  by  right  divine ; 
By  right  divine  of  royal  work  and  true — 
And  gladly  women  gave  her  homage  due. 

And  as  we  now,  with  love,  revere  her  memory, 
We  think  how  very  true  was  that  old  prophecy, 
The  strange  words  which  were  spoken  by  those  forms  unseen: 
"This  humble  little  child  shall  be  a  crowned  queen. 
Shall  be  a  crowned  queen  t" 

M.  Nataune  Crumfton. 


O  strong,  serene,  pure  rock  of  womanhood ! 

Who,  looking  on  the  laws  and  finding  less 
Than  she  accounted  justice,  calmly  stood 

And  bravely  asked  the  nation  for  redress ! 
Not  for  herself ;  for  she  was  never  blind 

To  storms  of  opposition  that  must  come — 
The  bitterness  and  scorn  of  lesser  minds — 

And  traveling  world  around  and  far  from  home. 

She  met  with  patience  all  the  long  delay, 

For  martyr-like  was  her  insistent  faith ; 
Keeping  her  steadfast  purpose  day  by  day, 

With  eyes  that  looked  beyond  the  gates  of  death. 
And  still  we  see  her,  with  unceasing  care, 

Toiling  till  Life  should  turn  its  final  page ; 
The  almond  blossom  in  her  silver  hair, 

A  halo  of  her  venerable  age. 


APPENDIX.  1607 

Now  tender  hearts  are  wakening  ever3nvhcre. 

And  brave  souls  giving  honor  to  the  brave, 
And  loving  words  accost  her  here  and  there, 

In  this  land  and  beyond  the  ocean  wave. 
Thus  has  she  won  some  answer  to  her  toil. 

Some  earnest  that  foretells  the  final  price, 
Seeing  in  native  and  in  foreign  soil 

Some  fruitage  of  her  lifelong  sacrifice. 

So  let  no  woman  turn  aside  from  God, 

But  take  God  ever  with  her  in  her  task. 
Knowing  whatever  lonely  ways  are  trod, 

His  purposes  can  answer  all  we  ask, 
In  garnering  priceless  riches  to  the  soul, 

In  holding  up  before  reflective  youth. 
Amid  the  strife  for  pleasure  and  for  gold. 

One  fearless  spirit  consecrate  to  truth. 

Nor  call  her  childless  who  has  risen  above 

The  human  passions,  with  their  narrow  reach, 
And  in  a  God-like,  universal  love 

Stretched  helpful  hands  to  elevate  and  teach. 
The  children  of  a  nobler  age  will  call 

This  queenly  woman  "Mother"  without  slur. 
Who  had  no  children  of  her  own,  for  all 

Alike  were  sons  and  daughters  unto  her. 

Grace  Beswick. 


Crowned  is  she  and  sainted 

In  heavenly  halls  above 
Who  freely  gave  for  her  sisters 

A  life  of  boundless  love. 

I  saw  a  strange  rich  vision, 

I  heard  strange  music  ring, 
As  I  dreamed  o*er  my  well-loved  poets 

On  a  night  in  the  early  spring. 
I  mused  o'er  the  great-souled  Wordsworth, 

(To  me  he  is  half  divine !) 
And  I  found  once  again  in  his  pages 

The  song  with  the  beautiful  line 
That  tells  of  the  Perfect  Woman 

In  whose  spirit  blithe  and  bright 
There  shines  like  a  consecration 

A  gleam  of  angelic  light 


Ant.  Ill— 32 


l608  APPENDIX. 

And  I  seemed  to  behold  in  my  vision 

The  sorrows  of  all  the  years ; 
I  heard  the  women  pleading, 

Pleading  with  soft,  warm  tears ; 
And  ever  above  the  praying, 

Above  the  sorrowful  song, 
And  the  tender,  wistful  grieving 

For  the  long,  long  years  of  wrong, 
I  heard  them  speak  of  the  leader 

In  whose  spirit  rare  and  bright 
Should  shine  like  a  consecration 

A  gleam  of  angelic  light. 

I  saw  the  nation  toiling 

In  grief  and  darkness  lost, 
Like  a  ship  on  the  pathless  ocean 

O'erwhelmed  and  tempest  tossed. 
There  was  need  of  of  a  faithful  pilot, 

There  was  need  of  a  God-sent  hand. 
To  guide  o'er  the  pathless  ocean, 

To  guide  to  the  longed-for  land ; 
And  O,  there  was  need  of  the  Woman 

In  whose  spirit  sweet  and  bright 
Should  shine  like  a  benediction 

A  gleam  of  angelic  light. 

Like  pilgrims  wandering  the  woodlands 

In  a  country  wild  and  strange, 
Who  daily  front  new  dangers 

And  sigh  for  the  blessed  change 
Of  kind  and  friendly  faces. 

Of  dreamed-of  comrades  dear, 
The  comfort  of  friendly  firesides 

And  pleasant  household  cheer ; 
So  sighed  the  toiling  people 

For  her  in  whose  spirit  bright 
Should  shine  like  a  consecration 

A  gleam  of  angelic  light. 

And  then  I  saw  in  my  vision 

How  the  mighty  of  earth  grew  proud; 
They  scorned  their  humbler  brethren, 

They  laughed  at  the  lowly  crowd. 
Ah  me,  to  think  of  the  folly 

And  fashion  that  fill  our  days ! 
Ah  me,  to  think  of  our  scorning 

Our  fathers'  simpler  ways! 


APPENDIX.  1609 


Ah  me,  to  think  of  the  greedy 
And  godless  kings  of  the  mart, 

And  then  to  think  of  our  hunger 
For  one  great  human  heart ! 

The  land  was  weak  and  helpless. 

It  lacked  the  leader  true 
Who  should  cure  it  of  its  blindness, 

Who  should  break  a  pathway  through 
The  wall  of  outward  tradition 

That  still  around  us  stands 
Ready  to  yield  and  crumble 

At  the  touch  of  heroic  hands — 
The  hands  of  noble  heroes 

Fearless  and  great  and  strong, 
Who  shall  heal  the  old-time  evils 

And  the  centuries  of  wrong. 
In  my  vision  I  saw  those  heroes. 

And  there  by  the  men  of  might 
Stood  their  sisters  consecrated, 

With  eyes  of  angelic  light. 

And  was  one  sister  foremost 

Among  those  women  there  ? 
And  who  was  she  whose  bearing 

Made  her  seem  so  queenly  fair  ? 
Was  it  highsouled  Mary  Lyon 

Uplifting  her  sisters'  lot? 
Was  it  the  saintly  Quaker, 

Our  own  Lucretia  Mott? 
Was  it  noble  Frances  Willard 

Who  strove  as  angels  may? 
Was  it  the  loved  and  lost  one 

Whose  passing  we  mourn  today? 

Nay,  none  of  any  was  foremost. 

But  hand  in  blessed  hand 
They  stood  as  Olympian  women 

On  old  Greek  friezes  stand. 
All  shared  a  common  glory. 

All  were  linked  by  the  fate 
That  gave  them  names  undying 

In  the  annals  of  the  State. 
But  the  newest  comer  among  them 

Gazed  round  and  serenely  smiled 
As  her  sisters  turned  to  greet  her 

With  heavenly  motions  mild. 


l6lO  APPENDIX. 

And  then  my  vision  faded, 

And  a  lordly  melody  rolled. 
As  down  celestial  vistas 

The  saintly  company  strolled. 
But  the  face  of  that  latest  comer 

I  longest  kept  in  sight — 
So  ardent  with  consecration, 

So  lit  with  angelic  light. 
And  I  woke  from  my  wondrous  vision, 

And  O,  my  heart  beat  strong ! 
I  had  seen  the  Perfect  Woman 

Of  Wordsworth's  beautiful  song. 

Crowned  is  she  and  sainted 

In  heavenly  halls  above 
Who  freely  gave  for  her  sisters 
A  life  of  boundless  love. 

John  Russell  Hayes, 
In  memory  of  Susan  B.  Anthony. 


INDEX  TO  PERSONS  AND  PLACES. 


Abb£»  MkS.  ROBBtT,  140X. 

Aberdeen,  the  Countess  op,  entertains  B<L 
IntL  Council  of  Women,  1136;  1141; 
1 1 43;  arranges  interviews  with  Queen, 
1 1 43;  1x44;  compliments  English-speaking 
women,  xi66;  1279;  at  Intl.  Council  in 
Berlin,  1317,  1318;  1331;  1341;  1448; 
memorial  tribute  to  A.,  1459. 

Aberdeen,  Earl  op,  1x43;  1279. 

Adams,  Abigail,  1478;  1549. 

Adams,  Governor  Alva,  1307. 

Adams,  Bertha  G.,  1433. 

Adams,  Samuel,  Mrs.  Stanton  compared  to, 
1269;  A.  same,  1544. 

Addams,  Jane,  1384;  1470;  1478. 

Aguinaldo,  1309. 

Albertson,  Rev.  C.  C,  1382;  at  funeral  of 
A.,  143a,  1433,  1443. 

Aldrich,  Mrs.  Richard,  1400. 

Alexander,  Florence,  1430. 

Alexander,  J.  Vincent,  1432. 

Alling,  Joseph  T.,  1148. 

American,  Amelia  and  Sadie,  1313. 

Ames,  Rev.  Charles  G.,  1408. 

Andrews,  Mary,  1361. 

Annexe,  Madame  Mathilde,  12x6. 

Anthony,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  B.  M.,  1155. 

Anthony,  Charlotte,  1430. 

Anthony,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  D.  M.,  1496. 

Anthony,  Col.  D.  R.,  visits  A.,  1x26;  1217; 
1257;  A.  hears  of  illness,  1335;  visits  for 
last  time,  1337;  death  and  funeral,  1339; 
devotion  to  A.,  1339;  press  notices,  1340; 
Will,  1340;  monument  to  grandparents, 
1357;  bequest  for  memorial  to  A.,  X34if 
1420,  1468;  X463;  1505. 

Anthony,  Mrs.  D.  R.,  1372. 

Anthony,  D.  R.,  Jr.,  1337;  must  take 
father's  place,  1340;  A.  writes  to  main- 
tain high  polit.  standard,  1355;  i357;  at 
A.'s  funeral,  1432. 

Anthony,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Howard  M.,  1x55. 

Anthony,  Capt.  J.  Merritt,  death  and  fu- 
neral, 121 7. 

Anthony,  Lucy  E.,  1125;  xi8o;  12x7; 
1 221;  visits  A.,  X244;  at  Lily  Dale,  1259; 


(161 


tender  care  of  A.,  X295;  1313;  visits  in 
Europe,  X3a9-X335;  X33«;  1357;  preparing 
for  suff.  delegates,  1374;  13 79;  loving 
care  of  A.,  14x5,  14x6;  1453;  14^7;  cx> 
ecutor  of  A.'s  Will,  1463-1466;  on  Me- 
morial Fund  Com.,  1471;  letters  to  Mary 
A.,  1498;  X503;  1504;  1506;  goes  to  care 
for  Mary  A.,  1508;  her  executor  and 
legatee,  X5i5>  15x6. 
Anthony,  Mary  S.,  VI;  11 26;  goes  to 
Europe,  1x30;  X146;  1155;  1x56;  sister's 
hard  work,  12x9;  cautions  her,  1220; 
looks  after  guests,  1221;  gives  money  to 
university,  1223;  1225;  A.  longs  for  her 
care,  1249;  pres.  Roch.  Polit  Equality 
Club,  X255;  gives  away  her  own  present, 
1260;  martyrdom  to  History,  1277;  goes 
to  New  Orleans,  1288;  returns  and  goes 
to  Maine,  1290;  burning  the  old  docu- 
ments, 1297;  domestic  trials,  1299;  urged 
to  go  to  Berlin,  1309;  neighbors  bid  good- 
by,  131  x;  care  of  sister,  1312;  visits  in 
Europe,  1329;  retxirns,  1330;  1336;  goes 
to  Leavenworth,  1337;  1342;  1346;  on  A.'8 
85th  birthday,  1348;  goes  to  Portland 
suff.  conv.,  1361;  1366;  in  Los  Angeles, 
X369;  on  death  of  brother,  1372;  glad  to 
reach  home,  137^;  X374;  at  Geneva,  1375; 
1378;  tender  ministrations  to  A.,  14x6;  A. 
wants  her  to  go  to  Ore.,  14x7;  welcomes 
Miss  Shaw  in  A.'s  illness,  1418;  in  A.'s 
last  hours,  1424;  sympathy  of  colored  peo- 
ple, X437;  inscription  to  in  A.'s  biog., 
X442;  at  A.'s  funeral,  1443;  i445;  letters 
and  resolutions  of  sympathy,  1446  et  seq.; 
simple  mode  of  life,  X463;  executor  of 
A.'s  Will,  X463,  X464;  gives  part  of 
brother's  bequest  for  memorial,  1468. 
Biog.  of  M.  S.  A.,  birth,  1488;  years  of 
teaching,  7489;  life  of  service  and  sacri- 
fice, X489,  1490;  reminiscences  of  First 
Worn.  Rights  Conv.,  1490;  as  officer  and 
public  speaker,  1491;  protests  against  tax- 
ation, X492;  opinion  of  George  Junior  Re- 
public, 1494;  attitude  toward  coeducation 
in    Roch.    University,    1495;    contribution 

I) 


l6l2 


INDEX. 


to  it,  1496;  trips  abroad,  1496;  extreme 
modesty,  I497;  appreciative  letters  to, 
X497-1499;  great  help  to  her  sister,  1499; 
self-control  at  time  of  A.'s  death,  1500; 
sympathy  of  press  and  friends,  1501;  en- 
couraged to  go  to  Oregon,  1502;  takes 
the  journey,  telegram  to  the  people  there, 
1503;  work  in  campaign,  1504;  opinion 
of  it,  1504;  grief  over  sister's  death,  her 
own  failing  health,  1505;  last  trip  from 
home,  1506;  letter  from  Mrs.  Catt,  1507; 
children  sing  for  her,  1507;  Lucy  A. 
comes  to  care  for  her,  2507;  sends  mes- 
sage to  Natl,  Conv.,  1508;  thought  for 
every  one,  death,  1509;  tributes  of  the 
press,  1 5 10;  funeral,  children  sing,  eulo- 
gies of  women,  laid  beside  her  sister, 
151X-Z514;  poems,  1 5 14;  Will,  etc.,  1515; 
her  life  devoted  to  suffrage,  1515. 
Anthony,  Susan  B.,  Personal  Appearance, 
1113;  1143;  X154;  Z175;  X180;  X289; 
1301;  X3S3;  1365;  1398;  X486;  1527; 
1549- 

Appreciation  of  Women,  1136;  1x39; 
XX74;  1181-XX87;  XX97-1307;  1316;  1321; 
1326;  1334;  X346;  1348;  1367;  1373; 
1380;  1386-1395;  X4a7;  I437-X44S;  1448- 
1462;  1477;  1484;  X485.  See  Letters  of 
Others,  Memorials,  Resolutions. 

Placed  suffrage  before  all  other  re- 
forms, XI17;  X118;  X243;  1343;  1475; 
X479;  X482;  xs2x;  IS22;  1523;  1525; 
1533;  1539;  1563;  1564;  1583. 

Faith  in  full  success  of  woman  suf- 
frage, VII;  I 137;  I I 63;  X198-X203;  1259; 
X266;  X308;  X397;  X409;  X42x;  1438; 
147s;  1476. 

Attitude  toward  her  Biography,  V,  VI; 
help  in  writing,  VII;  results  of  her  life 
work,  VIII;  last  visit  to  Frances  Wil- 
lard,  XX 12;  educatl.  qualif.  for  suff.,  11 12, 
X245;  tribute  to  Mrs.  Hooker,  11x4;  re- 
vising the  Biog.,  1 1 15;  reasons  for  hos- 
pitality, XX 16;  strong  words  on  Teachers' 
Conv.  and  to  women's  clubs,  11x7;  criti- 
cism of  Gladstone,  1x19;  power  of  en- 
durance, 1 120;  on  Span.-Amer.  War, 
XZ2X,  XI 99;  her  busy  days,  XX22;  woman 
suff.  dept.  in  N.  Y.  Sun,  1123;  inscrip- 
tions in  her  books,  X124;  newspaper 
abuse,  1x24;  plea  for  women  in  new  pos- 
sessions, XX27-X130,  XI 54;  on  basis  of 
representation,  1127,  1x28,  1286,  1287, 
X34x;  trenchant  remarks,  ask  for  whole 
loaf,  XX 29;  friendly  criticism  of  her  min- 
ister, 1 1 30;  starts  for  London,  1x32;  at 
Intl.  Council  of  Women,  1x35;  tributes 
of  women,  1136;  her  addresses,  X137, 
1 138;  interviews  and  eulogies,  1x39;  so- 
cial courtesies,  her  simplicity  and  democ- 


racy, Z142;  at  Windsor  Castle,  X143; 
presents,  X144;  forgets  ladies'  titles,  X145; 
visits  noted  people,  X145;  returns  home, 
XX 46;  mental  and  physical  vigor,  1x47; 
on  Douglass  statue,  XX49;  constitution  al- 
ways against  women,  X150;  on  Polygamy, 
XXSX-XXS3,  X202,  X352;  letter  to  Mr. 
Gompers,  X154;  great  work  in  organiza- 
tions, X155,  XX71,  X232-X236;  impressions 
of  Queen  Victoria,  xxs6;  on  "home  rule." 
ZX57:  pamphlet  of  Congressl.  reports,  her 
influence  on,  X158;  urges  women  comasrs. 
Paris  Expos.,  XI 59;  resigns  presidency  of 
Natl.  Suff.  Assn.,  X162;  much  work,  no 
salary,  XX64,  1236;  plans  for  future,  gen- 
eralship, great  vitality,  X165;  report  on 
Intl.  Council,  women  of  U.  S.  superior, 
XX  66;  courtesies  to  anti-suffragists,  xi68; 
tiieir  reference  to  her  birthday,  XX69; 
rec'd  by  Mrs.  McKinley,  1x69;  Washtn. 
Post  on  her  resignation,  1x70;  presents 
her  successor,  1x71;  made  hon.  pres., 
1172;  her  farewell,  X173;  optimism, 
changes  from  early  days,  moral  effect  of 
her  martrydom,  x  174-1 176;  birthday  gifts, 
ZX77;  celebr.  8oth,  poems,  tributes,  etc, 
XX78-X187;  her  response,  1187;  recep.  in 
Corcoran  Gallery,  1188;  vast  evolution, 
1x89;  tragedy  of  missing  wifehood,  X190; 
her  work  mapped  out,  XX92;  answers 
x,xoo  birthday  letters,  X192;  (see  Let- 
ters); securing  life  memberships,  X193, 
x2xo;  planning  for  writing  Vol.  IV  of 
History,  1210;  (see  Hist  Wom.  Suff.); 
stimulus  to  other  women,  12x3;  memo- 
rials to  presidential  convs.,  12x3;  op- 
poses women's  joining  polit.  parties,  1214, 
X325;  love  for  young  people,  12x5;  (see 
Children);  high  character  of  pioneer  suf- 
fragists, 1216;  death  of  brother  Merritt, 
X217;  making  scrap  books,  12x9;  love  for 
Miss  Shaw,  12x9;  entertains  Natl.  Suff. 
Bd.,  x22o;  opening  of  Roch.  University 
to  women,  X221;  serious  effect  of  strain, 
X224;  recog.  of  her  effort  and  its  neces- 
sity, 1225-1227,  1231;  on  Mrs.  Nation's 
methods,  1231;  snubbed  by  Munic.  Own. 
League,  1231;  at  Minneapolis  conv.,  1232; 
gift  to  Mrs.  Avery,  X237;  on  St  reg. 
vice,  X238;  on  lynching,  X241;  visiting 
and  sitting  for  portrait  in  R.  I.,  1241; 
tribute  in  The  Pilgrim,  1243;  on  last  voL 
of  Biog.,  "one  little  chapter,"  1243;  goes 
in  storm  to  conv.  of  1902,  1244;  chair- 
man Intl.  Suff.  Com.,  greetings  of  for- 
eign delegates,  1247;  ovation  at  D.  A.  R. 
Congress,  1248;  illness  in  Phila.,  1249; 
in  Atlantic  City,  the  fire,  1250;  banquet 
in  Roch.,  1251;  visits  early  boarding 
school  site,  1252;  on  inferiority  of  wives. 


INDEX. 


1613 


1252;  last  visits  to  Mrs.  Stanton,  1254, 
X256;  colored  maid,  1256;  "segregation" 
of  women  students,  1258;  comments  on 
Socialism  and  The  Beautiful,  1259;  at 
Lily  Dale,  1259,  1292,  1372;  wedding  of 
sec'y,  1260;  death  of  Mrs.  Stanton,  their 
early  years,  appreciation,  funeral,  maga- 
zine articles,  1262-1266;  names  immortal, 
their  friendship,  1267;  their  legislative 
work,  1268;  visit  in  Auburn,  1270;  on 
death  of  Mrs.  Hussey,  Z271;  polit.  com. 
notifies  to  register,  1272;  Mrs.  McKinley 
sends  slippers,  correspondence,  1272; 
strong  letter  to  Pres.  Roosevelt,  1274; 
puts  her  books  in  Library  of  Congress, 
1282;  on  Harvard  graduates'  children, 
X284;  her  failing  health,  1284,  1354;  her 
fine  personality,  11 54,  1286,  1347;  at  New 
Orleans  conv.,  1288;  at  Tuskegee,  1289; 
urged  to  go  to  Natl.  Educatl.  Conv.,  mes- 
sages to  the  teachers,  1290-1292;  senti- 
ment for  bicycle  calendar,  1293;  invited 
to  Colorado  jubilee,  1295;  destroying  old 
documents,  1296;  making  new  index  for 
Biog.,  1297;  domestic  traits  and  home 
life,  Z298-1304;  loyalty  to  women,  1302, 
1 481;  at  conv.  of  1904,  always  ran  up- 
stairs, 1306;  guest  at  White  House,  1307; 
at  last  Congressl.  hearing,  ''women  have 
waited,"  1308;  preparing  for  Intl.  Coun- 
cil in  Berlin,  1309;  urged  to  go,  13 10; 
starts  on  journey,  1311;  incidents  of  voy- 
asc>  13x2;  reception  at  Bremen,  1313; 
welcomed  in  Berlin,  131 5;  devotion  of 
girls,  13 16;  social  courtesies,  1317; 
speaks  in  Amer.  church,  13 18;  rec'd  by 
Empress,  13 19;  great  ovation,  1321;  at 
municipal  banquet,  1322;  pleads  cause  of 
reporters,  1325;  hon.  pres.  Intl.  Suff.  Al- 
liance, joy  over  its  organization,  1326; 
personal  attentions,  1326;  did  not  criti- 
cize Germans,  1327;  visits  in  Germany 
and  Switz.,  1329;  always  wants  to  take 
others  with  her,  1330;  entertained  in 
London,  1330;  in  Manchester,  1331;  in 
Edinburgh,  1332;  her  account  of  visits, 
Z332;  hostesses'  appreciation,  1334;  greet- 
ings from  press  on  return  home,  1336;  re- 
ception in  Warren,  1337;  last  visit  to 
brother  D.  R.,  1337;  grief  at  his  death, 
1339;  suggestions  as  to  his  Will,  1340; 
finds  relief  in  work,  1341;  plea  for  un- 
fortunate women,  1343;  impresses  on 
women  need  of  ballot,  1343;  always  help- 
ing some  one,  2344;  for  prohibition  of 
liquor  trafiic,  1344;  begs  Roosevelt  to 
recognize  women  same  as  negro  men, 
1345;  change  in  public  sentiment,  1347, 
1365;  loses  many  friends  by  death,  1353; 
visiting   in    Florida,    1354-1356;    on    Di- 


vorce, 1356;  answers  ex-Pres.  Cleveland's 
attacks,  1357;  cannot  let  fear  of  death 
stop  work,  1360;  gift  to  Lewia  C.  Smith, 
Z361;  notable  journey  to  Portland  conv., 
1362;  admiration  of  Mt.  Hood,  1362;  wel- 
come from  press,  1363;  tells  of  change 
in  treatment,  1364,  1365;  at  dedication 
of  statue,  1365;  visits  Chico  Ranche  and 
helps  dedicate  park,  1366;  Mrs.  Bidwell's 
tribute,  1367;  in  San  Francisco  and  vicin- 
ity, 1368;  in  Los  Angeles,  1369;  at  Ven- 
ice, 1370;  objects  to  praise  of  "beautiful 
faces,"  1371;  last  visit  to  Leavenworth, 
1372;  honored  at  St.  Suff.  Conv.  in 
Roch.,  1373;  mayor's  tribute,  1374;  en- 
tertains delegates,  1374;  interview  with 
Pres.  Roosevelt,  1375;  urges  a  comssn. 
to  investigate  woman  suff.,  1377;  illness 
at  Miss  Shaw's,  will  power,  1378;  women 
tell  joys  and  sorrows,  her  last  Christmas, 
1380;  on  Spiritualism,  1381;  hopes  to 
help  celebrate  6oth  Woman's  Rights  An- 
niv.,  1382;  inspiration  of  her  life,  1382; 
starts  for  Balto.  conv.,  1383;  ill  at  Miss 
Garrett's,  1384;  Miss  Shaw  misses  her  in 
conv.,  1385;  tribute  of  Clara  Barton, 
Z386;  College  Women's  Evening,  great 
ovation,  1389;  tributes.  President  Wool- 
ley,  A.'s  work  for  higher  education,  1390; 
Prof.  Salmon,  indebtedness  of  college 
women  to  her,  1391;  Prof.  Jordan,  A.'s 
injunction  to  them,  1391;  Prof.  Calkins, 
way  they  can  show  gratitude,  1391;  Mrs. 
Moore,  A.  has  made  life  possible  to 
women,  1392;  Mrs.  Park,  her  service  to 
whole  race,  1393;  President  Thomas,  love 
of  all  women  belongs  to  her,  1395;  A.'s 
touching  response,  1395;  her  influence  as 
strong  as  ever,  1396;  gives  purse  to  Ore. 
campaign,  1396;  last  words  to  a  suff. 
conv.,  1397;  Miss  Garrett's  entertain- 
ments for  her,  1398;  great  desire  for 
large  suff.  fund  fulfilled,  her  joy,  1399, 
1400;  goes  to  Washtn.  but  cannot  attend 
hearing,  1402;  last  celebr.  there  of  her 
birthday,  1403;  letters  from  officials, 
X404-1407;  from  Pres.  Roosevelt,  1407; 
her  rebuke,  1407;  last  words  in  public, 
X408;  last  appearance,  i486;  love  for 
Washtn.  Monument,  1409;  returns  home, 
1410;  great  celebr.  in  New  York,  141 0; 
messages  from  and  to  her,  Edwin  Mark- 
ham's  poem,  141  x;  tribute  Wm.  M.  Ivans, 
Z412;  Wm.  Lloyd  Garrison  compares  A.'s 
and  his  father's  careers,  X413;  her  last  ill- 
ness, courage,  thoughtfulneas,  anxiety 
about  Ore.  campaign.  Miss  Shaw's  account, 
1415-X424;  would  live  same  life  again, 
1 421;  splendid  tributes  Roch.  press,  1424- 
1426;    flags  at   half-mast,    1426;    eulogies 


i6i4 


INDEX. 


of  eminent  citizens,  1426-1428;  funeral, 
scene  at  house,  1429;  lying  in  state  at 
church,  1430;  services,  1431-1444;  prayer 
by  Mr.  Gannett,  1433;  orations  by  Mr. 
Garrison,  143s;  Mrs,  Jeffrey,  1437'*  Mrs. 
Catt,  1437;  Miss  Shaw,  1439;  snef  of 
the  poor  and  lowly,  1443;  at  the  ceme- 
tery, 1444;  consecration  of  suffragists, 
1444 ;  Miss  Shaw's  message  from  the  lit- 
tle study,  X446;  resolutions,  letters,  etc., 
1446-1459;  memorial  meetings  in  U.  S., 
1459;  in  Paris,  i4S9;  in  Copenhagen, 
X460.  A.'s  financial  affairs.  Will,  1463; 
all  left  to  stiff,  fund,  1465;  her  doctor 
and  lawyer  refuse  pay,  nurses  made  life 
members  Natl.  Assn.,  money  for  flowers 
sent  to  Ore.,  1466;  trees  planted,  school 
named  in  memory,  1467;  (see  Memo- 
rials^ Statues);  r6sum6  of  editorial  com- 
ment on  death,  1472;  her  "regret,"  X474; 
her  encouragement,  1475;  "should  have 
converted  her  own  sex,"  1477;  her  part 
in  all  gains  for  women,  1479;  references 
to  Deity,  1480;  judged  as  an  individual, 
X480;  reasons  for  especial  persecution  of 
her,  X481,  1484;  sentiments  toward  men, 
1 129,  1482;  conditions  she  faced  at  be- 
ginning, 1483,  1485;  honors  in  closing 
years,  X484>  1485;  supreme  leader,  rea- 
sons for,  1486.  Close  companionship  with 
sister,  1488,  1500;  latter's  pride  in,  X497; 
assistance  to,  1499;  names  linked  together, 
1501;  intellect  undimmed,  1502;  sister's 
grief  for,  1505;  the  two  sisters  com- 
pared, X510,  151 3>  X5X4;  last  resting 
place  together,  15 14;  sister's  property 
left  to  her,  1515;  press  comment  on 
death,  x 5x9-1600;  trial  for  voting,  1524; 
religious  press,  X596;  temperance  papers, 
x6oo;  poems,  x6oo.  See  Anthony  Home, 
Addresses,  Amendments,  Anecdotes, 
Birthdays,  Congress,  Conventions,  Inter- 
views, Letters,  Suffrage  and  kindred  sub- 
jects. 

Armstbono,  St.  Senatok  W.  W.,  1446. 

Akmstrong,  Mrs.  W.  W.,  1343. 

aucucrt,  husrrtinb,  x281. 

AuGSPURO,  Anita,  x28x;  X326. 

Augusta  Victoria,  Emprrss  of  Germany, 
13x8. 

AvxRY,  Rachel  Foster,  1x25;  A.  visits, 
2x48;  arranges  Congressl.  hearing,  xi68; 
res.  to  make  A.  hon.  pres.,  X172;  A. 
compliments,  xx8o;  X193;  visits  A.,  1220; 
1230;  testimonial  NatL  Assn.,  1237; 
1252;  made  sec'y  IntL  Suff.  Alliance, 
1326;  A.  visits  in  Switz.,  1329;  X330; 
A.'s  last  message  to,  1419;  annuity  for 
A.  and  gift  to,  X463;  executor  of  A.'s 
Will,  1464;  of  Mary  A.'s  Will,  xsiS- 


Avery,  Susan  Look,  1375. 

Bacon,  Anna  Anthony,  1601. 

Bahl,  Carrie,  1372;  care  of  A.,  14x5;  care 
of  Mary  A.,  1506;  made  life  member 
Natl.  Assn.,  1507. 

Baker,  Guelma,  11x5. 

Baicer,  Dr.  Henry  J.,  1255. 

Baicrr,  Margaret  McLean,  1423. 

Baldwin,  Isabel  A.,  X369> 

Baldwin,  Justice  of  Connecticut,  1252. 

Balfour,  Lady  Frances,  1331. 

Ball,  Isabel  Worrell,  1175- 

Barber,  Julia  Langdon,  1191;  1248. 

Barbour,  Rev.  Clarence  A.,  1427. 

Barrows,  Isabel  C,  X43x;  X443< 

Bartol,  Emma  J.,  1252;  gives  money  for 
Hist.  Worn.  Suff.,  1275;  A.  visits,  135^; 
subscribes  to  suff.   fund,   1401. 

Barton,  Clara,  A.  presents  to  audience, 
XI 73;  greets  foreign  delegates,  1245;  en- 
tertains suff.  delegates,  1307;  at  Natl. 
Conv.  in  Washtn.,  1308;  in  Balto.,  1386; 
1478;  X490;  A.  compared  to,  1570. 

Baruch,  Berfha  Hirsch,  1370. 

Bascom,  Professor  and  Mrs.  John,  1451. 

Bates,  Octavia  W.,  1155. 

Battersba,  Lady,  recep.  Intl.  Council  of 
Women,  1140;  1x45;  letter  to  A.,  1279. 

Bbbchbr,   Rev.   Henry  Ward,   X122;    1459: 

^57$;  1585. 

Bbgg,  Faithful  M.  P.,  1x38. 

Besant,  Annie,  1333. 

Beschwitz,  Olga,  Baroness  von,  visits  A., 
1258;  on  Hist  Worn,  ^uff.,  1281;  in- 
vites A.  to  Berlin,  1309;  entertains  her, 
1329;  letter  on  A.'s  death,  1449. 

Beswick,  Grace,  1607. 

Bxverxdge,  Senator  Albert  J.,  1405. 

BiDWELLy  Annie  K.,  1366-1368. 

BiDWELL,  General  John,  1366-1368. 

BiGELOw,  Mrs.  Lewis,  1222;  1223;  1224. 

Bird,  Mrs.  S.  T.,  13x3. 

BiRNEY,  Mrs.  Theodore  Weld,  1x79. 

Bismarck,  the  Iron  Chancellor,  1320. 

BissELL,  Emily,  xx68. 

Blackall,  Gertrude,  1430. 

Blackall,  Sarah  C,  1341. 

Blackburn,  Helen,  1269. 

Blackwell,  Alice  Stone,  1x73;  entertains 
A.,  X2i6;  x22o;  1297;  1362;  1549. 

Blackwell,  Antoinette  Brown,  1207; 
12 16;  at  Mrs.  Stanton's  funeral,  1264; 
1391;  on  A.'s  birthday,  1408. 

Blackwell,  Dr.  Elizabeth,  1331;  1478. 

Blackwell,  Henry  B.,  res.  on  A.'s  resign- 
ing presidency,  1x70;  entertains  A.,  xax6; 
1362;  on  convs.  in  Washtn.,  1383;  on  A.'s 
death,  1547. 

Blaine,  Jambs  G.,  1127. 


INDEX. 


1615 


Blankenbug,  Lucrbtia  L.,  1252;  presides 
at  banquet  to  A.,  1295;  1313;  gives  to 
snff.  fund,  1401. 

Blanxenbsrg,  Rudolph,   1395. 

Blatch,  Harriot  Stantom,  A.  visits  in 
England,  1133,  1146;  1173;  on  A.*s  80th 
birthday,  1186;  1257;  1281;  at  A.'s  last 
birthday  reception,  141  x. 

Blatch,  Nora  Stanton,  1132;  X133;  i^5^; 
X262;   X350. 

Blatch,  William  Hxnry,  1133. 

Blodgett,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Deloss  A.,  1139; 
1352-1356. 

Bolton,  Mr.  and  Mrs.,  1241. 

Bonaparte,  Secretary  Charles  J.,   1386. 

Booth,  Maud  Ballington,  1385. 

BowLBY,  Helen,  1430. 

Boyle,  Hannah  D.,  1239. 

Bradlaugh,  Charles,  1333. 

Braivwell,  Myra,  X478. 

Bright,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jacob,  A.  visits  in 
'99,  "45 ;  5n  '04,  1333;  Mrs.  Bright,  on 
Solitude  of  Self,  1305. 

Bright,  John,  1146;  1333. 

Brougrer,  Rev.  J.  Writcomb,  1365. 

Brov/n,  John,  1122;   12x7;  1273;  1585. 

Browning,  Elizabeth  Barrett,  A.  com- 
pared to,  1585. 

Buckley,  Rev.  James  M.,  1596. 

BuELOW,  Count  von,  1320. 

BuRNHAM,  Mary  A.,  1401. 

Burr,  Kate,  1538. 

Burrows,  Frances  P.,  1180. 

Caine,  Margaret  A.,  11 78. 

Calkins,  Professor  Mary  W.,  1389,  1391. 

Campbell,  Jane,  1295. 

Carey,  Senator  and  Mrs.  Joseph  M.,  1236; 
1362. 

Carlisle,  Lady,  X145. 

Carlyle,  Thomas,  1183. 

Carter,  Rev.  W.  S.,  1432. 

Cartwright,  Charlotte  Motfett,  1503. 

Cary,  Alice  and  Phoebe,  1575. 

Catt,  Carrie  Chapman,  at  St.  conventions, 
1 1 20;  entertains  Natl.  Suff.  Bd.,  1123, 
1256;  elected  pres.  Natl.  Assn.,  1x71; 
speeches,  X172;  presenting  gifts  to  A., 
1x77;  presides  birthday  celebr.,  X178, 
1181;  at  D.  A.  R.  Congress,  1x91;  1193: 
12 16;  visits  A.,  1220;  speaks  to  Catholics, 
X234;  1239;  X245;  organizes  Intl.  Suff. 
Com.,  1246;  1247;  1248;  resigns  presi- 
dency,  1308;  1312;  speaks  in  Berlin 
church,  13x8;  made  pres.  Intl.  Suff.  Al- 
liance, 1325,  X326;  X329;  in  London, 
1330;  1344;  en  route  to  Ore.,  1361;  1366; 
death  of  husband,  1373;  at  celebr.  A.*8 
last  birthday,  14x0;  message  to  A.,  141  x; 
1432;  oration  at  funeral,  1437;  1478;  let- 
ter to  Mary  A.,  1507;  1549. 


Catt,  George  W.,  takes  A.  to  his  home, 
1x23;  promises  to  assist  suff.  fund,  11 91; 
death,  1373. 

Cauer,  Minna,  1281. 

Chandler,  Mrs.  William  E.,  1209. 

Chamberlain,  Governor  George  E.,  1363. 

Channihg,  Rev.  Wm.  F.,  1206;  1491;  iS47; 
i§7S- 

ChaponnibrxpChaix,  Mai>ame,  1330;  1448. 

Child,  Lydia  Maria,  1216;  1283;  1478. 

Choate,  Ambassador  and  Mrs.  Joseph  A., 
X141. 

Christian,  Princess,  1x42. 

Churchill,  Lady  Randolph,  1141. 

Clark,  Hannah  P.,  1471- 

Clark,  Mabel,  1348. 

Clark,  William  and  Helen  Bright,  12x7; 
A.  visits,  1333;  letter  from  Mrs.  Clark, 
1334. 

Clay,  Laura,  visits  A.,  1220;  1362. 

Clay,  Mary  B.,  1180.  "* 

Cleveland,  ex -President  Grover,  on  Wom- 
en's Clubs  and  Suff.,  1357;  1388;  A.  com- 
pared to,  X578. 

Clothier,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Isaac,  1401. 

CoBDEN,  Richard,  1145;  X334* 

Cob,  Mrs.  Henry  Waldo,  1366. 

CoE,  Ina  M.,  X432. 

COOGESWELL,  HeLEN  P.,   XX  20. 

CoiT,    Mr.    and    Mrs.    Stanton,    A.    visits, 

1330;  Mrs.  Coit,  1331;   1334* 
Colby,  Clara  Bewick,  visits  A.,  1130;  1245; 

tribute  to  A.  after  death,  1583. 
Cole,  A.  N.,  1x46. 
Columbus,   Christopher,   A.   compared   to, 

1600. 
Commander,  Lydia  Kingsmill,  1312. 
Coney,  Commander  P.  H.,  1450. 
Conway,  Rev.  Moncure  D.,  1264. 
Cook,  Coralib  Franklin,  on  A.'s  birthday, 

X182;  1257;  on  her  death,  1452. 
Cook,  Mrs.  L.  C,  1132. 

COOLBY,  WiNNIFRED  HaRPER,  1 566. 

Cooper,  Alice,  1365. 

CoYLE,  Celia,  13  71. 

Craigib,  Mrs.  1141. 

Crane,  William,  1252. 

Creiohton,    Lord    Bishop    Mandbll    and 

Mrs.,  1140;  Mrs.  Creighton,  1280. 
Crossett,  Ella  Hawlby,  1432;  1508;   1515. 
Crumpton,  M.  Nataline,  x6o6. 
CuNLiPPB,  Rodger,  1326. 
Curtis,  Eugene  T.,  1432. 
Curtis,  George  W.,  1x22;  1436. 
CusHMAN,     Reprbs^ntativb     Francis     W., 

1406. 
Cutler,  Mayor  James  G.,  on  A.'s  birthday, 

1350;    eulogy   at   St.    Suff.    Conv.,    1374; 

appreciation  of,  orders  flags  at  half-mast, 

1426;  at  funeral,  1432. 


i6i6 


INDEX. 


Dalton,  Rev.  Fathbs  W.  J,,  1234. 

Dana,  Chaklis  A.,  1575. 

Dana,  Paul,  1123. 

Dann,  Anna  E.,  1250;  marriage  in  A.'s 
home,  1260;  A.  visits,  1290. 

Dann,  Chaslottb,  1430. 

Davis,  Isabella  Charles,  1448. 

Davis,  Olive,  1222. 

Davis,  Paulina  Wright,  1242. 

Debs,  Eugene  V.,  1285. 

Dennis,  Ruth  H.,  1348. 

Depbw,  Senator  Chauncby  M.,  1404. 

Depuy,  Maria  Wilder,  1341. 

Devine,  Mr.  and  Mrs.,  1306. 

Diaz,  Abby  Morton,  1206. 

Dickie,  Rev.  James  Francis,  13 17;  i3i8< 

Dickinson,  Anna,  1478;  1585. 

Dickinson,  Mary  Lowe,  1453. 

Dickson,  Melissa,  1355. 

Diedrichs,  U.  S.  Consul  and  Mrs.  H.  W., 
1314. 

Dix,  Dorothea,  1478. 

'*Dix,  Dorothy,"  (Elizabeth  M.  Gilmer), 
1536. 

DoBsoN,  Mrs.  Henry,  1460. 

Dodge,  Mrs.  Arthur  M.,  1169. 

Dole,  President  Sanforo  B.,  1130. 

DoLLEY,  Dr.  Sarah  R.,  1204. 

Douglass,  Frederick,  statue,  11 49;  1188; 
portrait,  1242;  1436;  1437;  memorial  win- 
dow, 1 47 1. 

Douglass,  Joseph  H.,  1179;  1188. 

Drehbr,  William  C,  1327. 

Drewson,  Gudrun,  1247. 

Drisooll,  Hon.  Michael  Edward,  1561. 

Dubois,  Senator  Fred  T.,  1407. 

DuFFERiN,  Marchioness  of,  1141. 

Duniway,  Abigail  Scott,  1366. 

Dye,  Eva  Emery,  1365. 

Eastman,  Rev.  Annis  F.,  1294;  1452. 
Eastman,  Rev.  Samuel  E.,  1452. 
Eastwood,     Mrs.     William,     1222;     1343; 

1495. 
Eaton,  Dr.  Cora  Smith,  1232. 
Eddy,  Eliza  Jackson,  1241. 
Eddy,  Sarah  J.,  1185;  A.  visits  and  sits  for 

portraits,   1241;  1242;  1243. 
Eliot,  President  Charles  W.,  1284. 

ElMY,   £.    C.  WOLSTONHOLME,    1 33 1. 

Emerson,  Ralph  Waldo,  ii86;  1273;  1512; 

1585. 
Emery,  Anna  Crosby,  1242. 
Ericson,  Lief,  1600. 
EsTLiN,  Mary,  1145. 
Etz,  Fraulein,  1329. 
EvALD,  Emmy,  1247. 
Evans,  Sarah  A.,  1366. 


Fairbanks,    Vice-President    Charles    W., 

1404. 
Fairbanks,  Mrs.,  1248,  1249. 
Farrar,  Hon.  Edgar,  1288. 
Faunce,     Pbbsident     Brown     University, 

1242. 
Fawcett,  Millicbnt  Garrett,   1133;  11 38; 

1326;  1 331;  on  A.'s  death,  1448. 
Ferris,   Mr.  and  Mrs.   Murray  Whiting, 

1413- 
Fisher,  Florence,  1430. 
Fitch,  Charles  E.,  i4S3- 
Fitch,   Louise   Lawrence,   poem   to   Mary 

A.,  1 5 14;  poem  to  A.,  1600. 
Foster,    Abby    Kelly,    1207;    1216;    i43S; 

1437;  X478. 
Foster,  J.  Ellen,  1120;  1121. 
Foster,  Stephen  S.,  1283;  1436. 
FouLKE,  Hon.  William  Dudley,  1407. 
Franklin,     Benjamin,     A.     compared     to, 

1548;  1561. 
Fraser,  Nicolas  Shaw,  1338. 
Frear,  Associate  Justice  of  Hawaii,  1x30. 
French,  Representativb  Burton  E.,  1406. 
Friedland,  Sofja  Levovna,  1245;  1^4 7- 
Fboeb,  Estelle  Husted,  1 3 13. 
Fuller,  Beulah  E.,  1432. 
Fuller,  Margaret,  12 16. 
Fulton,  Senator  Charles  W.,  140$. 
FuNCK,  Emma  Maddox,  1385. 

Gaffney,  Fannie  Humphreys,  xi8i. 

Gage,  Frances  Dana,  1122;  1207. 

Gage,  Matilda  Joslyn,  death,  xxi8;  1210; 
X2i6;  1592. 

Gallinger,  Senator  Jacob  H.,  2404. 

Gannett,  Charlotte,  1430. 

Gannett,  Lewis  S.,  1349. 

Gannett,  Rev.  and  Mrs.  W.  C,  see  A.  off 
to  Europe,  1x32;  11 56;  work  for  Roch. 
Univers.  fund,  1224;  visit  old  Anthony 
homestead,  1293;  1340;  A.'s  birthday 
celebr.  in  heme  of,  1347;  she  spends  last 
Christmas  with,  1380;  sends  last  message 
to,  1423. 

Gannett,  Mary  T.  Lewis,  1222;  1230; 
1338;  1 341;  what  marriage  owes  to  A., 
1348;  tribute  after  A.'s  death,  1427;  has 
charge  at  house,  1430;  pres.  Memorial 
Cbm.,  1469;  1509;  tribute  to  Mary  A., 
15x3;  X515;  witnesses  letter  of  bequest, 
15x6. 

Gannett,  Rev.  W.  C,  sermon  on  Gladstone, 
1119;  A.'s  opinion  of  sermons,  1x30; 
bom  a  Unitarian  1215;  grandmother's 
Bible  reading,  1272;  1350;  1432;  prayer 
at  A.'s  funeral,  1433;  urges  Mary  A.  to 
give  scholarship,  1496;  funeral  services 
for  her,  1511;  and  last  word\  15 14. 


INDEX. 


1617 


Garrbtt,  Mary  E.,  orders  medallion  of  A., 
1254;  A.  visits,  1378;  interest  and  assist- 
ance in  Natl.  SufF.  Conv.,  1383;  her 
guests,  A/s  illness  in  her  home,  1384; 
social  entertainments,  1398;  assists  in 
raising  great  fund  for  suffrage,  1399- 
1401;  kindness  to  A.,  1402;  A.'s  apprecia- 
tion, 1420;  receives  A.'s  bequest  for 
fund,  X465. 

Garrison,  Frank  P.,  1120. 

Garrison,  Wh.  Lloyd,  Sr.,  X122;  11 38; 
1283;  A.  compared  to,  141 4,  1436;  1437; 
1544;  1545;  1577;  1589. 

Garrison,  Wh.  Lloyd,  Jr.,  Pillsbury  fu- 
neral oration,  1119;  sonnet  on  A.'s  birth- 
day, II 79;  A.  visits,  121 7;  on  Hist.  Worn. 
Suff.,  1282;  address  A.'s  last  birthday 
celebr.,  1413;  1432;  funeral  oration,  X434; 
Mrs.  Garrison,  12 17;  1270;  1338. 

Gibbons,  Cardinal  James,  1388. 

GiLMAN,  Charlotte  Perkins,  1292;  131 2; 
150X. 

Gladstone,  William  £.,  1561;  A.  compared 
to,  1578. 

Gleason,  William  and  Kate,  1382. 

Glynes,  Ella  M.  Deitz,  1450. 

Goldstein,  Vida,  1247;  visits  A.,  1258; 
Australia's  indebtedness  to  A.,  1460. 

GoMPERS,  Samuel  M.,  X154. 

Gordon,  Anna^  1432. 

Gordon,  Jbak,  1288. 

Gordon,  Kate  M.,  1237;  1288. 

Grady,  St.  Senator  Thomas  F.,  1446. 

Grand,  Sarah,  1141. 

Grannis,  Elizabeth  B.,  13 12;  1448. 

Grant,  President  Ulysses  S.,  A.  compared 
to,  1578;  Mrs.  Grant,  11 15. 

Greeley,  Horace,  1575. 

Green,  Dr.  Cordelia  A.,  1276. 

"Greenwood  Grace,'*  1206. 

Greenleat,  Col.  and  Mrs.  H.  S.,  1342. 

Greenlbap,  Mrs.  Jean  Brooks,  A.'s  work 
for  social  service,  1348;  tribute  to  the 
two  sisters,  1382;  at  presentation  mem. 
window,  X471;  letters  to  Mary  A.,  1501, 
1506;  eulogy  at  funeral,  1512. 

Grenpell,  Helen  Loring,  1307. 

Grew,  Mary,  1435. 

Gripping,  Charlotte  Wilbur,  1342. 

Griggs,  Prop.  Edward  Howard,  1258. 

Griggs,  Emily  Clark,  1144. 

Grim  KB,  Angelina  and  Sarah,  1216;  1283; 
1435;  U78. 

Gripenberg,  Baroness  Alexandra,  X136; 
A.'s  influence  in  Finland,  1280;  on  her 
death,  1449;  tribute  at  Copenhagen,  1461. 

Gross,  Emily,  entertains  A.,  1120;  goes  to 
Europe,  11 32;  X145;  11 80;  generosity  to 
A.,  1230;  on  Pacific  Coast,  1366;  1373. 


Hale,  Edward  Everett,  A.  compared  to, 
1599. 

Haley,  Margaret  A.,  urges  A.  to  go  to 
Natl.  Educatl.  Assn.,  1 290-1 292;  her  con- 
test there,  1290;  on  results  of  A.'s  work, 
1380;  1478. 

Hallowell,  Anna  Davis,  121 7. 

Hallowell,  Mary  F.,  1230;  1341. 

Hamilton,  Rev.  C.  E,  1146. 

Hanapord,  Rev.  Phebe  A.,  1264. 

Hancock,  Charles,  1140. 

Harper,  Ida  Husted,  on  writing  present 
volume,  VI;  depL  Cause  of  Woman,  N. 
Y.  Sun,  1 123,  1268;  account  of  Intl. 
Council  of  Women  in  London,  1137- 
X144;  X145;  X147;  interviews  A.  on 
Queen  Victoria,  11 56;  prepares  Congressl. 
Report  pamphlet,  11 58;  on  A.'s  resigning 
presidency  Natl.  Assn.,  11 62;  her  great 
work,  etc.,  11 64;  1165;  effect  of  resigna- 
tion, 1175;  1210;  story  of  writing  Hist. 
Worn.  Suff.,  12 11;  memorial,  etc.,  1213; 
1243;  praise  of  Natl.  Suff.  Convs.,  ofikers 
and  delegates,  1246;  1248;  1249;  1250; 
articles  on  Mrs.  Stanton,  1 266-1 269; 
1273;  1275;  128 1 ;  1283;  destroying  the 
old  documents,  1296;  making  new  index 
for  Biog.,  1296;  leaving  Anthony  home, 
X297;  on  A.'s  domestic  life,  1298;  ac- 
count of  Intl.  Council  of  Women  in  Ber- 
lin, 1312-1325;  of  forming  Intl.  Worn. 
Suff.  Alliance,  1325,  1326;  A.'s  failing 
health,  1354;  interview  with  President 
Roosevelt,  i37S~i378;  writing  in  A.'s  last 
hours,  X417;  at  Copenhagen,  1460;  articles 
after  death  of  A.,  1 481-1487;  1498. 

Harper,  Wxnnipred,  See  Cooley. 

Harper,  President  W.  R.,  1258. 

Hausbr,  Elizabeth  J.,  1221. 

Hayes,  Prop.  John  Russell,  x6io. 

Hblmuth,  Mrs.  William  Tod,  1150. 

Henderson,  Speaker  David  B.,  1114. 

Henderson,  Mrs.  John  B.,  presents  portrait 
of  A.,  1 1 89;  incorp.  suff.  fund,  X191;  en- 
tertains delegates,  1248;  1307. 

Henry,  Alice,  141  i. 

Henry,  Patrxcic,  1269. 

Hbyburn,  Senator  W.  B.,  1405. 

Heyl,  Frau  Hbdwig,  13 17. 

Higgins,  Governor  op  New  York^  1344. 

HiRscH,  Rabbi  Emil  G.,  1120. 

HiRscHLER,  Diana,  1182. 

Hoar,  Senator  George  F.,  1561. 

HoppMAN,  Ottilie,  1312;  13 14. 

Holland,  Miss,  1330. 

HoLLisTER,  Mrs.  George  C,  1222. 

Hollister,  Lillian  M.,  1x79;  1x82. 

Holmgren,  Ann  M.,  1461. 


i6i8 


INDEX. 


HooKSR,  Isabella  Bbbcrss,  addresses  NatL 
Suff.  Conv.,  1 114;  A.  visits,  iia6;  goes 
with  A.  before  Manic.  Own.  League, 
1231;  1408. 

HOSMBK,  HaHKIXT,    X478. 

Howard,  Clinton  N.,  1453. 

Howard,  Emma  Shaftxr,  X132;  entertains 
A.,  1368. 

Howard,  Florence  N.,  13x1;  1430. 

Howard,  Mrs.  W.  L.,  13x1;  1427* 

Howe,  Julia  Ward,  X2 16;  1245;  1391;  1397; 
1384;  speaks  at  Balta  conv.,  X387;  at  re- 
ception, 139^;  X478;  1546;  X551;  1562; 
1563;  1 571;  Z573;  1585;  as  Abolitionist, 
159a. 

Howe,  Rev.  Marie  Jennby,  1380. 

Howell,  Mary  Seymoub,  1408. 

HowLAND,  Emily,  A.  visits,  XIX9;  goes  to 
Europe,  1x32;  X219;  1270;  1338;  sub- 
scribes  to  suffrage  fund,  140X. 

HowLAND,  Isabel,  15x5. 

HoYT,  Dr.  H.  W.,  X432. 

Huidobro,  Carolina  Holman,  1247. 

HuLTiN,  Rev.  Ida  C,  1x82;  1294. 

Hunt,  Mary  H.,  1241. 

Hunt,  Justice  Ward,  at  A.'s  trial,  1524. 

HussEY,  Cornelia  C,  1271. 

Hutchinson,  John,  1x78;  1208;  1245. 

Hutton,  May  Arkwright,  1366. 

Hylands,  Mrs.,  1331. 

Ingmirx  and  Thompson,  1466. 

Ivans,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  Mills,  1410. 
Mr.  Ivans,  speech  at  A.'8  birthday  ban- 
quet, 14x2;  after  her  death,  X53z*  Mrs. 
Ivans,  125 5;  X40X. 

Jacobs,  Dr.  Aletta  H.,  1449. 

James,  Helen  Mosher,  X125;  A.*s  illness  at 

home  of,  1249;  takes  A.  to  Atlantic  City, 

X250;  1252. 
Janes,  Emily,  1280. 
Jefferson,  Joseph,  1252. 
Jeffrey,     Mrs.     R.    Jerome,     1432;     <437; 

1471. 
Jennings,"  Janet,  1x74;  1454. 
Jbune,  Lady,  1x45. 

Joan  of  Arc,  A.  compared  to,  1223;  1599* 
Johnson,  Adblaide,  1x95;  14x3. 
Jones,   Rev.  Jenkyn  Lloyd,   1120;  tributes 

to  A.  before  and  after  death,  1599. 
Jones,  Richard  Lloyd,  1243. 
jonbs,  rosalib  e.,  x605. 
Jordan,  President  David  Starr,  1206. 
Jordan,  Professor  Mary  A.,  1388;  1391. 
Joy,  Mrs.  Charles  F.,  1371. 

Kates,  Ethel  J.,  X433* 
Kauffman,   Prbs.   Bd.  Trustees   Corcoran 
Gallery,  1x88. 


KxxFFBR,  Rbprbsentative  Warren,  X407. 

Kbith,  Mary  McHenry,  X47x. 

Keith,  William,  1369. 

Kbllby,  Florbhcb,  a.  urges  Gov.  to  ap- 
point, 1344;  letter  to  A.,  1361;  1366; 
1478. 

Kbllby,  Hon.  William  D.,  1344;  1361. 

Kelly,  Dr.  Howard  A.,  1253. 

Kennon,  Ida,  1430. 

Kbnt,  Rev.  Alexander,  tribute  to  A.,  1561. 

Kimball,  Mrs.  David  P.,  1400;  1401. 

KlRSCHNER,       BURGERMBXSTBR       OF       BeRLIN, 

1322. 
KOBHLBR,     CaPT.     LeWXS     AND     MrS.     MaUDX 

Anthony,  1337;  1369- 
Kramers,  Martina,  1326. 
Krog,  Gina,  1 46 1. 

Lane,  Mayor  Harry,  1363. 

Lane,  Senator  Jambs  H.,  1214. 

Langb,  Hblxnb,  X281;  X309. 

Langerbaus,    Dr.,    Magistrate  of  Berlin, 

1322. 
Lapham,    Sbmantha    Vail,    entertains    A., 

XX25,  1255,  131  x;  death,  1342. 
Lautbrbach,  Mrs.  Edward,  1255. 
Lawless,  Laura,  1432. 
Lawrbncb,  Margaret  Stanton,    1453. 
Lewis,  Mrs.  Enoch,  1252. 
Lincoln,  Abraham,  A.  compared  to,   1267, 

1520;  1274;  1539,  1578;  1585;  1589. 
Linn,  Edith  Willis,  1603. 
LivBBMORB,    Mary    A.,    12x6;    1391;    1478; 

1546;  1551;  1562;  1563;  1573. 
LoCKWOOD,  Mary  S.,  1248. 
Lobs,  Private  Secretary  to  the  Presidbnt 

Wm.,  Jr.,  1375;  1378. 
LooMis,  Elizabeth  J.,  1507. 
Love,  Alfred  H.,  1450. 
LovELL,  Mary  F.,  1241. 
Lyons,  Mary,  1227. 
Lyttlbton,  Hon.  Mrs  Arthur,  1x38. 
Maine,  Henry  C,  1360. 
Mann,  Rev.  Newton  M.,  1257;  1451. 
Mansfibld,  Richard,  1580. 
Markham,  Edwin,  14x1. 
Marsh,  May,  1433. 
Martinbau,  Harriet,  12x6. 
Marti  NEAU,  Jambs,  12x8. 
Mary,  Queen,  1332;  X45X. 
Mason,  Gilbert  T.,  1260. 
Mason,  Hugh,  M.  P.,   1331;  Miss  Mason, 

1331- 
Mason,   U.    S.    Consxtl  Gbn*l  to  BESLiit, 

1317. 
May,  Samuel,  Jr.,  11x9. 
McArthur,  Rev.  R.  S.,  1x56. 
McCuLLOCH,     Catharine     Waugh,      ibbi; 

X516. 
McFarland,  Hon.  Henry  B.  F.,  1408. 


INDEX. 


1619 


McKiNLBT,  PmBsnnNT  William,  in  Chicago, 
1 1 20;  1 1 30;  A.  urges  to  appoint  women 
comssrs.  Paris  Expos.,  xiS9*  xx6o;  re- 
ceives suff.  delegates  and  takes  A.  to  call 
on  Mrs.  McKinley,  X169;  death,  1240; 
A.*s  memory  of,  1273* 

McKiKLBY,  Mas.  WxLLiAX,  A.  calls  on,  re- 
ceives flowers,  1169;  writes  A.  about 
Biog.  and  sends  slippers,  1272;  writes 
again,  1273. 

McKiNNBY,  Jane  Amy,  1257. 

McLaexn,  Da.  Agnxs,  1x46;  1332. 

McLaben,  PaisciLLA  BaiGHT,  A.  visits  in 
'99,  X146;  x2o6;  1245;  on  Hist.  Worn. 
Suff.,  X280;  A.'s  last  visit  to,  X332. 

McLean,  Pebsident  John  K.,  1451. 

McLean,  John  R.,  1473;  Mrs.  McLean, 
1 115. 

Medill,  Joseph,  1484. 

Medley,  Db.  Jennie,  1378. 

Mench,  Ella,  1401. 

Mebexck,  Cabolxne  E.,  shares  ovation  with 
A.,  X289;  X408. 

Methuen,  Tessxe  C,  1334- 

Mill,  John  Stuabt,  1414. 

MiLLAB,  Helen  M.,  1466;  1502. 

Millbb,  Anne  Fxtzhugh,  1375;  X401;  X453« 

Millbb,  Elizabeth  Smith,  1x48;  at  Au- 
burn, X270;  A.  visits,  137s;  subscribes  to 
suffrage  fund,  1401;  14^2;  1453. 

Milleb,  Floekncb  Fenwick,  a.  visits,  1x45; 
1245;  greetings  to  A.,  1247;  1280;  enter- 
tains A.,  1331. 

Mills,  C.  D.  B.,  A.  visits,  ixxi;  assists  at 
funeral,  12x6. 

Mills,  Habbiet  May,  1338;  15x5;  letter  on 
Anthony  home,  X517. 

Mitchell,  Pbopessob  Mabia,  12x6;  1391; 
1478. 

MONDELL,  RbPBZSBNTATIVB  F.  W.,  X407- 

MoNOD,  Sabah,  XX  36. 

MoNTEPxoBE,  Countess  or,  xi45. 

Montgomeby,  Helen  Babbbtt,  A«  favors 
election  to  Sch.  Bd.,  1x50;  1222;  1224; 
pleased  at  A.'s  success,  1226;  1348;  trib- 
ute after  A.'s  death,  1427;  organizes  com. 
for  memorial,  1467,  1468;  eulogy  at  Mary 
A.'s  funeral,  15x2. 

MooBE,  Da.  Edwabd  Mott,  1221;  A.  con- 
sults as  to  health,  1228;  death,  1251. 

MooBE,  Eva  Pbbby,  1389,  1392. 

MooBE,  Rebecca,  1146. 

MoBBis,  Enid,  1432. 

MoBBisoN,  Fbank,  1x55. 

Mosheb,  Abthub  a.,  1255. 

MosHEB,  Florence  and  Mabxah,  1430. 

MoSHEB,  Wendell  P.,  1432. 

Mott,  James,  1296. 

Mott,  Lucretia,  sentiment  for  marriage, 
1 261;    tells    of    Female    Reform    Society, 


1491;  mere  mention,  1138,  xi8i,  1187, 
1216,  12x7,  1265,  X270,  1296,  1298,  1435, 
1478,  1583,  1585.  See  First  Woman's 
Rights  Convention. 

MouLSON,  Debobah,  1252. 

Myebs,  Db.  Annice  Jeffrey,  1366. 

Mybbs,  Hon.  Jbpfebson,  1363. 

Nabeb,  Johanna,  1326. 
Napoleon,  A.  compared  to,  XS47« 
Nathan,  Mas.  Fbedebxck,  x40x. 
Nation,  Cabbie,  1231. 
Nelson,  Julia  B.,  x6oo. 
Newton,  Elbbbt,  1432. 
Nichols,  Clabina  Howabd,  ixaa. 
Nichols,  Mae  B.,  1466. 
Nightingale,  Florence,  x2i6. 
NozALXDA,     Archbishop    of    Philippines, 
J376;  X378. 

NUTTALL,  Mb.  AND  MbS.  HaBBY,  133 If  ^'S. 

Nuttall,  1334. 

Obermann,  Mb.,  1235. 
O'CoNNOB,  Evelyn,  x432- 

OSBOBNE,  DOBOTHY,    X349. 

OsBOBNE,  Eliza  Weight,  care  of  A.,  12x9; 
A.  spends  Mrs.  Stanton's  birthday  with, 
1270;  A.  visits,  1338;  X413. 

Palmer,  Bertha  Honobx,  1x59;  xao6. 
Palmeb,  Senatob  T.  W.,  115$. 
Pabk,  Maud  Wood,  1389;  1393. 
Pabker,  Rev.  Theodore,  1436;  1585. 
Parkhurst,  Rev.  Charles  H.,  1x51. 
Patterson,  Senator  Thomas  M.,  1405. 
Payne,  Representative  Sereno  £.,  1406. 
Pbabody,  Elizabeth,  1391;  1478. 
Prirce,  Alice  Wheeler,  x3I3> 
Pericles,  A.  compared  to,  X48X. 
Penepakkeb,  FbXulein,  1329. 
Pbttengill,   Abby   Louise,    entertains    and 

gives  money  to  A.,    1260;  A.   guest   of, 

X293;  gift  to  A.,  1373. 
Phelps,  Elizabeth  B.,  14x3. 
Phillips,    Wendell,    A.'s    admiration    for, 

XX31;  A.  compared  to,   xs39i   i54i;  mere 

mention,   X122;    X138;    1x67;    1283;    1436; 

1437;  iS7S;  1589. 
Phillips,  Mas.  Wynpobd,  1x38. 
Pillsbuby,     Pabkeb,     death,     1x19;     xxao; 

1x31;  1283;  X436. 
Platt,  Senator  Thomas  C,  1404- 
PoRTER,  Rev.  C,  W.,  1218. 

POSADONSKY,  CoUNT  VON,   I32O. 

Post,  Helen  Wilmans,  1354- 

pRiESTMAN,     Margaret     (Tanner),    Mary, 

Anna,   A.    visits  in   '99,    114s;    in    X904f 

1332;  1334. 
Purvis,  Harriet  and  Aucb,  1132. 
Purvis,  Robert,  X119. 


l620 


INDEX. 


Ramabai,  Pundita,  1 1 83. 

Raynsford,  Hklen,  1430. 

Rkbdbr,  Rbpbesbntativs  W.  a.,  1407. 

Rbbves,  Hon.  W.  P.,  11 38. 

Reichenbacu,  Frank,  1150. 

Remsen,  Prbsidbnt  Ira,  1388;  1398. 

Ressb,  Countess  db,  1413* 

Rbees,  Dr.  Rush,  installed  pres.  Roch. 
university,  1228;  on  A.*s  birthday,  1349; 
tribute  after  death,  1427;  1432. 

Richards,  Emily  S.,  1185. 

Richardson,  Thomas,  1288. 

Rickxr,  Dr.  Marcena  Sherman,  1288;  A-'s 
confidence  in,  141 5;  contributes  services, 
1466;  I 50s* 

Roberts,  Brigham  H.,  A.  on  election  to 
Congress,  11 50;  anti-suffragist,  11 52; 
hater  of  worn,  suff.,  1202. 

Robinson,  Captain  John,  1132;  1375. 

Roosevelt,  Alice,  1307. 

Roosevelt,  President  Theodore,  A.'s  Biog. 
presented,  1123;  Mrs.  Stanton  writes  to, 
1273;  A.'s  strong  letter,  1274;  no  answer, 
1275;  A.'s  remark  to,  1307;  A.  urges  to 
recognize  women  as  he  does  negro  men, 
1345;  if  welcomed  only  as  husband  and 
father,  1352;  A.'s  interview  with,  points 
discussed,  woman  suff.  only  great  reform 
ignored  by  him,  1 375-' 378;  on  third 
term,  1376;  Miss  Shaw  on  his  attitude 
towards  working  women,  1387,  1388;  letter 
on  A.'s  birthday,  her  rebuke,  1407;  A. 
compared  to,  1578,  1599.  Mrs.  Roosevelt, 
"73. 

Ross,    Ernestine    L.,    1122;    1201;    1207; 

Z2l6. 

Rosenberg,  Pauline  H.,  1448. 

RosEWATER,  Edward,  1207. 

Rothschild,   Lady,  garden  party  for   Intl. 

Council  of  Wom.,  1x40;  luncheon  for  A., 

1x45;  1280. 
Rothschild,  Mrs.  Leopold  db,  X140. 
RuppBRT,  Cora  Britton,  1346. 

Sage,  Mrs.  Russell,  letter  to  A.,  1350;  sub- 
scribes to  suff.  fund,  1401;  letter  on  A.'s 
birthday,  1408;  1478. 

Salmon,  Propessor  Lucy  M.,  1388;  1390. 

Samain,  Helen  F.,  1511. 

Sanpord,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  J.  E.,  1290;  1496. 

Sanpord,  Mary  Thayer,  15x1;  151 5. 

Sargent,  Ellen  C.^  A.  writes  on  death  of 
daughter,  1203;  Pleasures  of  Old  Age, 
X305;  entertains  A.,  1368;  on  A.'s  death, 
I4SI- 

Savonarola,  A.  compared  to,  X439>  ^SS'* 

Saxon,  General  and  Mrs.  Rupus,  xi94* 

SCHXRMACHBR,  KatHE,    1 326. 

ScHRXXNXR,  Olive,  1182. 


Seaman,  Major  Louis  Livingston,  1238. 

Selden,  Judge  Henry  R.,  1524. 

Severance,  Caroline  M.,  1207;  1369;  1370. 

Seward,  William  H.,  1338. 

SswALL,  May  Wright,  in  Omaha,  1x20; 
II 22;  at  Intl.  Council  of  Women  in  Lon- 
don,  XX36;  1x45;  entertains  A.,  X154; 
delegate  Paris  Expos.,  11 60;  on  A.'s  8oth 
birthday,  xx8i;  1215;  1230;  1245;  1313; 
at  Intl  Council  in  Berlin,  X3Z7»  13x8;  at 
Municipal  banquet,  1322;  1448. 

Shaproth,  Virginia  Morrison,  1x84. 

Shanks,  Margaret  A.,  1466. 

Sharpless,  Dr.  Anna  P.,  1401. 

Shaw,  Rev.  Anna  Howard,  in  Omaha,  1x20; 
1125;  II 30;  1x56;  A.*s  "right  bower,** 
1x66;  declines  presidency  Natl.  Assn., 
1 1 71;  1 1 79;  tribute  A.'s  8oth  birthday, 
1187;  1x91;  xax6;  A.  visits  at  Wianno, 
X217;  welcome  visitor  at  Anthony  home, 
12x9;  1231;  on  St.  regulated  vice,  1237; 
1244;  greets  foreign  guests  to  conv.» 
1245;  thanks  them  for  A.,  1247;  speaks 
at  Lily  Dale,  1259,  1292,  1372;  her  form 
of  marriage  ceremony,  1260;  number  of 
marriages,  1261;  at  Auburn,  1270;  1275; 
celebrates  own  birthday  with  A.,  1285; 
X294;  entertains  Natl.  Bd.,  1295;  elected 
pres.  NatL  Assn.,  1308;  13x3;  preaches 
in  Berlin  church,  13x8;  chmn.  Intl.  Coun> 
cil  Com.,  1324;  visiting  in  Europe,  1329- 
1335;  1338;  1344;  in  Florida,  1353;  A. 
visits,  1357;  en  route  to  Ore.,  1361;  at 
dedication  of  statue,  1365;  re-elected  pres. 
of  Assn.,  X366;  speaks  in  San  Fr.,  Los 
Angeles,  Venice,  1368-1371;  1374;  «* 
Bryn  Mawr,  1378;  at  Natl.  Conv.  in 
Balto.,  lovmg  note  to  A.,  1385;  1386; 
president's  address,  1387;  second  note  to 
A.,  1396;  at  reception,  1398;  1400;  on 
A.'8  last  birthday  evening,  1403;  X407; 
X408;  A.  speaks  to  of  Washtn.  monu- 
ment, 1409;  message  from  N.  Y.  birthday 
celebr.,  14x1;  at  luncheon,  1413;  A. 
wants  sister  to  care  for,  14x7;  goes  to 
A.  in  last  hours,  her  account  of  them, 
X417-X424;  A.  directs  as  to  her  property, 
1 41 8;  recalls  their  campaigns,  1419; 
places  suff.  work  in  her  care,  1421;  gives 
last  pressure  of  her  hand,  1423;  143^; 
oration  at  funeral,  1439;  last  words  at 
grave,  1444;  message  to  workers  from 
A.'s  study,  X445;  tribute  to  A.  at  Copen- 
hagen, X461;  legatee  and  executor  A.'s 
Will,  X463-X466;  speaks  in  favor  of  Roch- 
ester memorial  to  A.,  1468;  1478;  letters 
to  Mary  A.,  1497,  1499;  tender  care  reed, 
from  her,  1502,  1504;  starts  for  Ore., 
1503;  X504;  X506;  last  visit  to  Mary  A., 
1508;  eulogy  at  funeral,  1513;  prayer  at 


INDEX. 


162I 


grave,  15x4;  executor  and  legatee,  151 5, 
1516;  1539;  1549. 

Shaw,  Pauline  Acassiz,  contrib.  to  Hist. 
Worn.  SufF.,  1276;  1400;  to  suff.  fund, 
1401;  on  memorial  conv.,  X47X* 

Shaw,  Dr.  Stamlsy,  1327. 

Shkloon,  Ellen,  Z194. 

Shbrican,  Carolxnb,  X194. 

Sherwood,  Dr.  Mary,  1384. 

Shuart,  Surrogate  W.  Dean,  1466. 

Sibley,  Rufus  A.,  1496. 

Skidmore,  Marian,  1293. 

Smith,  Hon.  George  Herbert,  1432;  i499> 

Smith,  Gbrrit,  14x2;  1436. 

Smith,  Dr.  Julia  Holmes,  it 79. 

Smith,  Lewia  C,  1341*  1360. 

Smith,  Representative  William  Alden, 
1406. 

Smoot,  Senator  Reed,  1352. 

Somerset,  Lady  Henry,  1138;  114^;  im- 
pression of  A.,  1 44 1. 

Solomon,  Hannah  J.,  1204. 

South  worth,  Louisa,  1337. 

Spencer,  Rev.  Anna  Garlin,  1216;  1242. 

Sperry,  Mary  S.,  1368;  1369. 

Spopford,  Ainsworth  R.,  1282;  1283. 

Spofford,  Jane  H.,  X120. 

Spring,  Rebecca  H.,  1370. 

Sproul,  J.  D.,  X367. 

Squier,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lucien,  1254. 

Stabl,  Madame  de,  1436;  15^0. 

Stanford,  Mrs.  Leland,  A.  writes  on  re- 
stricting number  of  women  in  university, 
XI 33;  urges  to  keep  control  of  property, 
1206;  love  for  A.,  death,   1353;  1478. 

Stanton,  Elizabeth  Cady,  A.  takes  her  ad- 
dresses to  Washtn.,  iixi;  protests  against 
treatment  cf  Hawaiian  women,  1125;  at 
World's  Anti-Slav.  Conv.,  11 38;  life  used 
in  struggle  for  ballot,  1161;  A.  wants 
name  to  stand  by  hers,  X172;  friendship 
bet.  her  and  A.,  1186;  8oth  birthday, 
1 181;  A.'s  scrap  books  of,  1219;  1220; 
on  Church  and  Woman,  1232,  1255;  Edu- 
cated Suffrage,  last  address,  11 12,  1245; 
1246;  says  A.  stays  back  with  children, 
X255;  A.  visits  for  last  time,  1256;  her 
death,  A.'s  reminiscences,  funeral,  her 
characteristics,  tributes  of  the  press,  ef- 
fect of  her  great  work,  1262-1270;  reason 
for  criticism  of  church,  1267;  influence  of 
A.  on  life,  1267;  never  grew  old,  1268; 
interest  in  Vol.  IV  of  History,  1269;  peer 
of  country's  greatest  men,  1269;  87th 
birthday,  1270;  letters  to  Pres.  and  Mrs. 
Roosevelt,  1273;  influence  in  Finland,  1280; 
biog.  of,  1 281;  no  merit  in  simply  occupy- 
ing ground,  1289;  memorial  meeting,  1295; 
1286;  her  old  letters,  1297;  addresses, 
1305;   tribute  of  Garrison,    1436;   daugh- 


ter's remembrance  at  time  of  A.'s  funeral, 
1453;  A.  compared  to  1436,  1486,  1572, 
^573!  Reminiscences,  1273,  1382;  mere 
mention,  1122;  1123;  1148;  1187;  1193; 
1198;  X20i;  1210;  1216;  X273;  1283; 
X285;  1298;  1318;  X325;  1350;  1364; 
1382;  1386;  1391;  1417;  1454;  1478; 
1534;  1540;  1551;  1559;  1562;  1563; 
15 71;  1583;  1585;  1592.  See  First  Wom- 
an's Rights  Conv. 

Stanton,  Helen,  1338. 

Stanton,  Theodore,  1281;  1338. 

Stead,  William  T.,  1280. 

Stebbins,  Martha  J.  H.,  1501. 

Steinthal,  Alfred  M.  P.,  133X. 

Sterling,  Antoinette,  1141. 

Sternberg,  Surgeon  Gen'l,  1121. 

Stevens,  Lillian  M.  N.,  1448. 

Stevenson,  Mrs.  Cornelius,  1400. 

Stevenson,  Flora,  1280;  1332. 

Stevenson,  Dr.  Sarah  Hackett,  1132. 

Stollb,  Antonie,  1247. 

Stone,  Mrs.  Lucinda  H.,  1196. 

Stone,  Lucy,  simple  mention,  1122;  xi8z; 
1x87;     X20i;     X207;     X2i6;     1391;     1435; 

1437;  1454;  1478;  1546;  issi;  1559; 

1547;    1563;    ^57S' 
Stone,  Hon.  William  F.,  1386. 
Stowb,  Harriet  Beecher,  1478;  1585. 
Stritt,    Maris,    1138;    1281;    invites   A.    to 

Berlin,   1309;  welcomes  her,   131 5;   1318; 

entertains  A.,  1329. 
Strong,  President  Augustus  H.,  1426. 
Sunderland,  Byron,  1244. 
Sutherland,  Judge  Arthur  E.,  1350. 
Sutherland,  Duchess  of,  1x40;  11 42. 
Suttner,  Baroness  Bertha  von,  1545* 
Sweet,  Emma  B.,  1374;  1515. 
Swift,   Mary  Wood,    1249;    13x2;   at   Intl. 

Council,    13x8;    at    Natl.    Council,    1356; 

entertains  A.,  1369;  1448. 

Taft,  Secretary  of  War,  William  H.,  ac- 
cepts invitation  to  speak  on  A.'s  birthday, 
X404;  on  woman  suff.  in  Philippines, 
1376,  1378. 

Talmage,  Rev.  T.  DeWitt,  1244. 

Taylor,  Rev.  W.  R.,  1240. 

Tennby,  Dr.  Rachel  S.,  1206. 

Terrell,  Mary  Church,  1x25;  1452. 

Thayer,  J.  M.,  poem  to  Mary  A.,  X5I4. 

Thomann,  Gallus,  1235. 

Thomas,  Charlotte  J.,  1x19. 

Thomas,  Cora  de  la  Matyr,  1185. 

Thomas,  Rev.  H.  W.,  1120. 

Thomas,  Dr.  Henry  M.,  1384. 

Thomas,  President  M.  Carey,  presentation 
medallion  of  A.  to  Bryn  Mawr,  1253;  en- 
tertains A.,  Z254,  X378;  takes  charge  of 
College  Women's  Evening  at  Natl.   Suff. 


1 622 


INDEX. 


Conv.,  1383,  1384,  1388;  her  own  address, 
i393>  1398;  A/s  pleasure,  X399;  assists 
in  raising  great  suffrage  iund,  139$^-!  401; 
A.'s  appreciation  of,  Z420;  receives  A/s 
bequest  for  fund,  1465;  1478. 

Thomasson,  Mas.  John  P.,  1331;  1334. 

Thompson,  Ellbn  Powell,  1183. 

ThUESBY,   ElilCA,    II44- 
TOMKINS,    EUFINA    C,    z6oi. 

Tower,     Ambassador     and     Mas.     Charlb* 

MAGNB,    131 7. 

Teacby,  Edwzn,  I3SI. 
TuLLOCH,  Miranda,  1248. 

Unwxn,  Fzshbe,  1334. 

Unwin,  Jane  Coboen,  1x45;  1334. 

Upton,  Harriet  Taylor,  1179;  1193;  visits 
A.,  1220;  entertains  Natl.  Suff.  Bd.,  1337; 
interview  with  President  Roosevelt,  i375> 
Z400;  at  A/s  funeral,  1432;  consecration 
of  suffragists  to  A/s  work,  1444;  xsi^ 

UsHEE,  Lblza,  Z253. 

Vail,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gboegx,  1254* 

Van  Meter,  Rev.  Dr.  John  B.,  1386. 

Van  Schaick,  Rev.  John,  1403. 

Victoria,  Queen,  receives  Inti.  Council  of 
Women,  11 43;  A.  presents  Biography, 
X144;  A.'s  interview  on,  1x56;  has  not 
favored  movements  for  good  of  women, 
1 1 57;  A.  compared  to,  1156,  1472,  1555; 
i3>9. 

Vidart,  Camille,  1330;  1449- 

Villard,  Fanny  Garrison,  1206;  subacribes 
to  suff.  fund,  1401;  14x3;  on  Memorial 
Fund  Com.,  1471. 

Vincent,  Db.  Gbobob  E.,  1294. 

Wain  WEIGHT,  Marie,  X132. 

Wales,    Pbincb   and    Peincess    op,    1140; 

1 142. 
Ward,  Genevieve,  1141. 
Wabd,  Mrs.  Humphrey,  1141. 
Ward,  Lydia  Avery  Coonley,  poem  on  A/s 

birthday,    1185;     1x95;    entertains    Natl. 


Suff.  Bd.,  1221;  A.  visits  in  N.  C,  1356; 
birthday  of  mother,  1374;  1400;  sub- 
scribes to  suff.  fund,  140X. 

Warpield,  Governor  Edwin,  1386;  1398. 

Warren,  Senatob  Feancis  £.,  1191. 

Waeren,  Helen  M.,  1x84. 

Warren,  Mercy  Otis,  1478;  1549. 

Warwick,  Countess  of,  1145. 

Washington,  Booker  T.,  1257;  1289. 

Washington,  Geobge,  A.'s  farewell  address 
compared  to,  11 73;  1269. 

Watson,  Elizabeth  Lowe,  1604. 

Watson,  Repbesentativb  James  E.,  1406. 

Welch,  Db.  William  H.,  1385. 

Wells,  Emmelxne  B.,  1582. 

Wells,  Kate  Gannett,  1x56. 

Wentzel-Heckmann,  Fbau,  13x8. 

White,  Hon.  Andbew  D.,  1282. 

White,  Abmbnia  S.,  1120. 

White,  Miss  H.  M.,  1280. 

White,  Nettie  Lovisa,  131 3. 

Whitman,  Walt,  1585. 

Whzttieb,  John  G.,  1436;  xS34;  xs8s. 

WiLBOUB,  Mas.  Chablotte  B.,  1255;  14x1. 

WiLDEB,  Samuel,  1224;  1251. 

Wile,  Flobence  Whitman,  1604. 

Wile,  Feed  W.,  1327. 

WiLLABD,  Feances  E.,  A.  visits,  death,  mem. 
of  Natl.  Suff.  Assn.,  xxx2;  1x83;  1478; 
1546;  1562;  1563;  1590. 

WZLLABD,  MaBY  B.,   I317. 

William    II,    Empebor    of    Germany,    A. 

hopes    will    honor    countrywomen,    1319; 

recognition  of  Intl.  Council,  1320. 
Williams,  Charles  M.,  1227. 
Willis,  Sarah  h,,  1223;  1230;  i34'« 
Wills,  Charlotte,  1369;  i37i* 
WiLMABTH,  Mas.  Henbt  M.,  1400;  X4OX. 
Wilson,  Helen  Mae,  1x13. 

WOLLSTONECBAPT,   MaBY,    Z283;    Z397;    X600. 

Woods,  Mell  C,  1178. 

WOOLLEY,   PBESIDENT  MaBY  E.,   1 388;    I39O. 

Weight,  Mabtha  C,  1270. 

Yates,  Josephine  Sixx>ne,  1282;  1448. 


NAMES  OF  PLACES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

See  also  Newspapers,  Organizations. 


Alabama,  Tuskegee,  1289. 

Calipobnia,    gifts   to   A.,    1202;    invites  to 

visit,  1366;  Berkeley,  1368;   Chico,   1366; 

Los    Angeles,    1369)    1371;    1426;    1467 1 

Oakland,  1368;  San  Francisco,  1368,  1369; 

San    Jose,    1369;    Santa    Barbara,    1369; 

Venice,  1370;  Mt  Shasta,  1366,  1372. 
CoxjOBado,  XI 13;  gift  to  A.,  1x84;  invites  to 

jubilee,  1295;  A.  urges  women  to  action. 


1202;  Denver,  1202;  reports  of  woman 
suff.,  Z203;  Z493;  1530. 

Connecticut,  Hartford,  1x25. 

Dakota,  Huron,  1438. 

Distkict  op  Columbia,  Washington,  Spring 
heralded  by  A.'s  red  shawl,  XI13;  xxx4; 
A.'s  fondness  for,  xx66;  celebr.  A.'s  80th 
birthday,  X178-X189;  gifts  to  A.,  X183, 
Z408;  Intl.  Suff.  Com.  formed,  1244;  A.'s 


INDEX. 


1623 


last  conv.  there,  1306;  guest  at  White 
House,  1307;  celebr.  of  her  birthdays, 
1402,  i486;  her  last  appearance  there, 
1409,  i486;  love  of  monument,  1409; 
tributes,  1561. 

Florida,  A.  visits,  St  Augustine,  1353; 
Daytona,  Ormond,  Sea  Breeze,  1354; 
Orange  City,  Lake  St.  Helen,  i355- 

Idaho,  gifts  to  A.,  11 78;  1493;  i530* 

Illinois,  1113;  Chicago,  A.  hears  McKin- 
ley,  1 1  so;  receptions,  1232,  1361;  univer- 
sity women  appeal  to  her,  1258;  13^3; 
women's  debt  to  her,  1380. 

Indiana,  Indianapolis,  A.  visits,  11 54; 
writes  to  Classical  School,  1197. 

Indian  Tsrritory,  Cherokee,  1467. 

Iowa,  Boone,  136s;  Council  Bluffs,  11  so, 
136s;  Decorah,  1257. 

Kansas,  1149;  disloyalty  to  women,  iso6; 
1 231;  services  to  of  Col.  D.  R.  A.,  1340; 
Anthony  brothers  go  to,  1488;  Ft  Scott, 
1 2 18;  Leavenworth,  funeral  Merritt  A., 
1 21 7;  A.'s  last  visit  to  Col.  D.  R.  A., 
1337;  funeral,  1339;  A.  on  prohibition 
law,  1355;  her  last  visit  to,  137s;  flags 
half-mast,  I4s6;  Paola,  1120;  Topeka, 
1426. 

Louisiana,  New  Orleans,  greetings  to  A., 
1288,  1289. 

Mains,  1290;  Hampden  Comers,  1120;  Port- 
land, 1 1 19. 

Maryland,  Baltimore,  A.'s  illness,  her  last 
appearance  at  a  suff.  conv.,  College  Wom- 
en's Evening,  1385-1399. 

Massachusetts,  attitude  towards  woman 
suff.,  X549;  Adams,  A.  visits,  1119;  1489; 
honor  to  have  produced  A.,  1550;  Berk- 
shire Hills,  1293;  A.  child  of,  1548; 
should  be  her  last  resting  place,  1550; 
Boston,  1 1 30;  A.  in  Faneuil  Hall,  121 6; 
Brookline,  121 7;  Bunker  Hill,  11 82,  1409; 
Cheshire,  11 19;  Dorchester,  121 6;  Grey- 
lock  Mountain,  1293,  1548,  1550;  West 
Medford,  121 7;  Wianno,  121 7;  Williams- 
town,  1293. 

Michigan,  A.  in  suff.  campaign,  1x28;  De- 
troit, XI 54;  Grand  Rapids,  1127. 

Minnesota,  Minneapolis,  1232. 

Mississippi,  A.'s  hope  for  South,  1203. 

Missouri,  St  Joseph,  1x20. 

Montana,  11T3. 

NsBRASKA,  Omaha,  A.  speaks,  xi2x;  1362. 

New  Hampshire,  woman  suff.  campaign, 
X284,  1285;  Concord,  X119,  11 20. 

New  Jersey,  Asbury  Park,  1459;  Atlantic 
City,  1234;  A.  visits,  1250;  fire,  1251; 
Oranges,  1254;  Tenafly,   1255. 

New  York,  A.  canvasses  State  for  woman 
suff.,  1x67;  her  love  for,  1255;  Mrs.  Stan- 
ton's and  her  great  work  in,  1268;  Legis- 

Ant.  Ill— 33 


lature  on  A.'s  death,  1446;  cities  and  vil- 
lages on,  X454;  Auburn,  12x9;  A.'s  sweet 
recollections  of,  1270;  speaks  there,  1338; 
Batten  ville,  12 17,  i3S7f  X488;  Benson- 
hurst,  1 123,  1256;  Brooklyn,  X459;  Buf- 
falo, 1240;  Center  Grove,  XI19;  Chau- 
tauqua, 1 13 1,  129s;  Dunkirk,  11 50;  East- 
on,  X489;  Ft  Edward,  1489;  Geneva,  A. 
speaks,  X126;  11 48;  1375;  Greenwich, 
1357;  Lily  Dale,  1259,  1292,  1372;  New 
York  City,  A.  goes  for  Mrs.  Stanton's 
speeches,  iiii;  visits  in  '99*  1125;  leaves 
for  Europe,  11 32;  returns,  1x46;  natl. 
suff.  bazar,  1228;  visits  Mrs.  S.,  1255; 
for  last  time,  1256;  goes  to  funeral,  1264; 
mem.  meeting,  1295;  leaves  for  Europe, 
'04,  131 1 ;  returns,  1335;  13^3;  X3S7; 
celebr.  last  birthday,  14x0;  mem.  meet- 
ings, 1459;  Nunda,  1338;  Oswego,  1243. — 
Rochester,  Corinthian  Hall,  burned,  1x22, 
X542;  A.  speaks  to  many  societies,  xxi7» 
X13X,  1 148,  X215,  X271,  1343*  (see  Conven- 
tions); leaves  for  Europe  in  '99,  1132; 
returns,  X146;  (see  Roch.  University); 
banquet  for  A.,  1251;  cordial  greetings, 
X255;  83d  birthday,  congrat  of  press, 
X285;  home  life,  1298;  leaves  for  Europe 
in  '04,  13x1;  greetings  on  return,  133^! 
85th  birthday,  compliments  of  press,  1346; 
of  eminent  people,  1348;  ovation  at  St 
Suff.  Conv.,  1373;  celebr.  last  birthday, 
X382;  arrives  for  last  time,  1415;  tributes 
of  press  nfter  death,  1424;  of  leading 
citizens,  1426;  flags  at  half-mast,  1426; 
great  outpouring  of  people,  1430,  X443; 
resolutions,  1446,  1454;  generosity  of 
friends,  1466;  tree  planted,  school  named 
for  her,  1467;  great  memorial  planned, 
X467;  window  dedicated,  1471;  see  edi- 
torial comment,  151 9-1524. — Mary  A. 
teacher  in,  1489;  First  Wom.  Rights 
Conv.,  X490;  tributes  to  Mary  A.,  1509- 
15x5. — Seneca  Falls,  mi,  X138,  X182; 
A.'s  message  to,  1382;  Sherwood,  X119; 
Syracuse,  iiii,  1216,  1506,  1561;  Wyom- 
ing, 1 221,  1374. 

North  Carolina,  Tryon,  1356. 

Ohio,  women  soon  will  vote,  11 98;  1207; 
Cleveland,  1337;  Toledo,  1469;  Warren, 
1337. 

Oklahoma,  1492;  i493* 

Oregon,  invites  Natl.  Suff.  Conv.  1363; 
(see  Campaigns);  Portland,  1360;  A.  goes 
to  suff.  conv.,  1362;  ovation  from  press 
and  people,  1 363-1 366;  at  Exposition, 
1364;  Mt  Hood,  her  admiration  of,  1363; 
memorial  meeting,  1503;  The  Dalles,  1362. 

Pennsylvania,  Butler,  11 56;  Hamilton, 
1252;  Mt  Airy,  1295,  1357,  1378;  Phila- 
delphia,   A.    visits,    X125;    illness    there. 


1624 


INDEX. 


1249;  finds  Bite  of  old  boarding  schoolp 
1252;  banquet,  1295;  visit  in  '54,  1396; 
1352;  1354;  schools  and  school  board, 
1394;  Female  Reform  Soc.,  1491;  155^; 
Stroudsburg,  X148. 
Rbodb  Islamd,  Bristol  Ferry,  1241;  New- 
port,, 124a;  Providence,  2185;  A.  visits 
and  speaks,  1242. 


South    G^bolxna,   basis    of   representation, 

112S;  Columbia,  1356. 
Utah,  1x13;  XX51;  gift  to  A.,   1x78;   X185; 

A.  writes  to  women,  1202;  1493;  1530. 
WxscoNSiN,  Milwaukee,  X334,  IJ35. 
Wyomxng,  XI 13;  gift  to  A.,  XI 84;  petitions 

for   x6th  Amendment,  1236;   X493;   xs3o; 

Chejrenne,  1362. 


OTHER  COUNTRIES. 


BbITXSH      COLUlfBIA,      1357;     CANADA,      I II 4; 

xx3a;  1149;   "458;   X460. 
AnxcA,  Biskra,  1517. 

AUSTKAX.XA,  II37>  I3II;  Z315;  1385;  I4II; 

X458;  indebtedness  to  A.,  14 16;  1597. 
AusTSXA,  13 1 5. 

BULOAKIA,   I3XS. 

Cbxha,  X137. 

Dbnmakk,  Copenhagen,  X295;  mem.  meeting 
for  A.,  X460. 

Fiiruiifn,  XX 14;  women's  debt  to  A.,  1280; 
on  A.'s  death,  1449;  A.  inspiration  to, 
1461;  woman  su£F.,  X597* 

Feanck,  X3X5;  Cherbourg,  1313;  Paris, 
women  comssrs.  at  Expos.,  1x59;  1281; 
mem.  meeting  for  A.,  1459. 

GsaMAHY,  XX 14;  X247;  X28x;  ability  of 
women,  X316;  A.  did  not  criticize,  X327; 
ideas  of  woman's  place,  1530;  Berlin,  A. 
urged  to  go  to,  1280,  13x0;  arrives,  13x5; 
(see  Intl.  Council,  Intl.  SufiF.  Alliance); 
ovation,  X395;  1492;  Bremerhaven,  X313; 
Dresden,  Heidelberg,  Nuremburg,  Stras- 
burg,  Stuttgart,  A.  visits,  1329. 

GaxAT  Britain,  1x14;  women  in  office,  xi47> 
X247,  13x6;  messages  on  A.'s  death,  X448t 
X4S0,  X460;  Munic.  Suff.  for  women, 
1333;  prospects  for  Parliamentary,  1597: 
Basingstoke,  1x33,  1x46;  Bolton,  1331; 
Bristol,  1x45,  X332;  Cassiobury  Park, 
1x36;  Edinburgh,  1x46,  X332,  1334; 
Esher,  1333;  Gunnersbury  Park,  XX40; 
Isle  of  Wight,  XX45;  London,  A.  arrives 
in  '99,  1 133;  (see  Intl.  Council  of  Wom- 
en, XX35);  Westminster  Abbey,  114X; 
Windsor  Castle,  1x42;  A.'s  visit  In  1904, 
X330;  Manchester  and  neighboring  towns. 


1331;    Midhurst,    1334;    Millfield,    1333: 

Plymouth,  1313;  Reigate,  1x45;  Richmond 

Hill,  XX46. 
GmxBCx,  Athens,  1481. 
Hawaii,    1115;    injustice   to   women,    1x27, 

X130;  petitions  against,  1154*  1233;  against 

State  reg.  vice,  1237;  ^^741  1376;  1378- 
Hungary,  1460. 
Ireland,  A.  on  home  rule  for,  1x57;  1458; 

Dublin,  X280. 
Italy,  13x5;  Mt.  Vesuvius,  1496. 
Nsthsrlands,    II 14;   on    A.'s   death,    1449, 

1460. 
Nsw    Zealand,    1137;    13x1;    13x5;    1458; 

1597. 
Norway,   XX14;  1247;  women's  debt  to  A., 

X461;  woman  suff.,  1597. 
Palestine,  1137. 
Persia,  X137. 
Philippines,    The,    injustice     to    women, 

1 127;      petitions     against,      1x54,      1233; 

against  State  reg.  vice,  1237;  1274;  1376; 

1378. 
Russia,  1247. 
Sweden,     11x4;     1247;    A.'s    influence    on 

women,    1462;  prospect  for  woman  suff., 

1597. 
South  America.    1137;    1316;   1385;   ChSi, 

1247. 
Switzerland,  messages  on  A.'s  death,  X448; 

Celigny,    1449;   (Seneva,    1330,   1449;   Ve- 

▼«y»  13*9. 
West  Indies,  1244;  Cuba,  X115;  injustice  to 
women,     1127;     petitions    against,     X154, 
X233;    Havana,    1x12;    Porto   Rico,    X127, 
ii54»   1233. 


INDEX  TO  SUBJECTS. 


AoDRBSsn,  Miss  Anthony's,  her  voice,  X138; 
ii6s;  1188;  ijai;  1363;  1367;  1370; 
139s;  X403;  effect  on  andiences,  1x21, 
X138,  X333,  13541  lack  of  confidence, 
J 126,  1127,  X129,  1242,  133a;  clarity  and 
directness,  2436;  terseness  and  logic, 
xsao,  xsax,  ism;  strong  in  debate,  1523, 
X558,  1588;  wonderful  power,  X583;  dan- 
gerous in  debate,  1596;  strong  style,  1599; 
as  presiding  o£Scer,  1x13,  1588. — On 
Spaxxish-Am.  War,  xxax;  at  Geneva,  N. 
Y.,  1126;  duty  of  Congress  to  women  of 
our  new  possessions,  1127;  in  Grand  Rap- 
ids, 1x29;  woman's  vote  necessary  for  en- 
forcing laws,  X13X;  at  'Intl.  Council  in 
London,  XX36,  XX37;  need  of  woman's 
vote  for  good  govt,  1x48;  Polygamy, 
xx5x;  before  Fed.  of  Labor,  11 54;  before 
Penn.  teachers,  X156;  to  Masons'  and 
Bricklayers'  Intl.  Union,  ix6x;  on  x6th 
Amend.,  X167;  on  resigning  natL  presi- 
dency, XX  70-1 1 73;  at  8oth  birthday  celebr., 
XX 87;  at  Wyoming,  N.  Y.,  1221;  on  influ- 
ence and  responsibility  of  mothers,  1232; 
at  Uxxiversalist  conv.  on  voteless  churches 
and  organizations,  1239;  to  women  stu- 
dents Pembroke  Hall,  1242;  in  Phila., 
X396;  in  Berlin,  X32X,  1325;  in  the  Amer. 
church,  13x8;  on  admitting  reporters  to 
Intl.  Suff.  meeting,  X32S;  in  England, 
X33X,  X332,  X333;  on  Divorce,  1356;  on 
presenting  gift,  X36X;  in  Portland,  Ore., 
X363-X366;  at  dedication  Chico  park, 
X367;  in  Calif.,  X368-X371;  at  Balto.  conv., 
X395;  last  address  to  Suff.  Conv.,  X397; 
last  words  in  public,  X407,  X408. 

Axn>RS8SBS  OF  Othess,  A.'s  loyalty  to  Mrs. 
Stanton's  xxix,  1232,  1245;  Mrs.  Hook- 
er's, XX 14,  1231;  Miss  Shaw's  at  Suff. 
Conv.,  1900,  1x66;  anti-suffragists'  at 
hearing,  xx68;  Mrs.  Catt's  accepting 
presidency,  XX72;  on  A.'s  80th  birthday, 
X181-XX87;  at  Brewers'  Conv.,  X235;  M. 
D.  Conway's  at  Mrs.  Stanton's  funeral, 
X264;  outline  of  delegates'  to  Intl.  Cotincil 
in  Berlin,  13x3;  of  German  women,  X32X; 


of  Magistrates  in  Berlin,  X322;  Mrs. 
Greenleaf,  What  Social  Service  Owes  to 
A.,  X348;  Mrs.  Gannett,  What  Mother- 
hood Owes,  X348;  What  Children  Owe, 
1349;  Judge  Sutherland's,  X350;  Mrs. 
Bidwell's,  X367;  Mayor  Cutler,  of  Roch., 
about  A.,  X374;  Governor  Warfield,  Qara 
Barton,  1386;  Mrs.  Howe,  X387;  Miss 
Shaw's  president's  to  Balto.  conv.,  X387; 
President  WooUejr's,  Prof.  Salmon's, 
1390;  Prof.  Jordan's,  Prof.  Calkins', 
X39x;  Eva  Perry  Moore's,  1392;  Maud 
Wood  Paric's,  President  Thomas',  1393; 
on  A.'s  last  birthday  celebr.  in  Washtn., 
X407,  X408;  in  New  York,  1411;  Wm.  M. 
Ivans',  X4X2;  Wm.  Lloyd  Garrison,  X4X3; 
at  A.'s  ftmeral,  Mr.  Gannett  (prayer), 
X433;  Mr.  Garrison,  X434;  Mrs.  Jeffrey, 
Mrs.  Catt,  1437;  Miss  Shaw,  X439;  Lady 
Aberdeen's  memorial  in  Paris,  X459;  at 
memorial  meeting  in  Copenhagen,  from 
Australia,  Finland,  Norway,  Sweden,  U. 
S.,  etc.,  X460-X462;  at  Mary  A.'s  funeral, 
Mrs.  Greenleaf,  Mrs.  Jeffrey,  Mrs.  Mont- 
gomery, X512;  Mrs.  Gannett,  Miss  Shaw, 
15x3. 

A1CBNDICBNTS,  see  Constitution. 

Anbcdotks,  A.'s  red  shawl,  XXX3;  on  niece's 
singing,  xxxs;  daughter  of  Methuselah, 
X128;  of  A.  while  in  Londoix,  1x42,  XX45; 
her  "right  bower,"  xx66;  anti-suffragists, 
XX  69;  her  lack  of  aelf-consciousness,  xa48, 
X396;  when  asked  to  register  for  voting, 
12  72;  sentiment  for  bicycle  calendar, 
X293;  tk  Sirl  is  as  good  as  a  boy,  X302; 
A.'s  embarrassing  generosity,  1303;  at 
the  Empress'  reception,  1319;  A.  and 
Mrs.  Besant,  1333;  tells  fellow  voyagers 
why  she  wants  to  vote  1335;  A.  and  ex- 
President  Cleveland,  1358;  1482;  1483; 
ministers'  meeting,  X459;  Southern  Wom- 
en's Club,  X459;  A.  and  reporter,  X53S; 
eggs  changed  to  roses,  X537. 

Anthony  Hohb,  place  for  work,  VI;  hos- 
pitality, A.'s  reasons  for,  xxx6;  reception 
St   Fed.   of  Qubs,   xxsx;   visits  of  Miss 


1625 


1626 


INDEX. 


Shaw,  12x9;  the  colored  maid,  1256;  re* 
decoration,  1290;  destroying  old  docu- 
ments in  attic  work  rooms,  1296;  The 
Wayside  Inn,  1299;  shrine  for  women, 
A.'s  housekeeping,  1300;  spirit  of  work, 
1 301;  lessons  taught,  1348;  reception  St 
Suff.  Conv.,  1374;  funeral  of  A.  there, 
1429;  of  Mary  A.,  1511;  Miss  Mills' 
eulogy  of,  closed  forever,  15x7. 

Anti-Supfra^ists,  first  appearance  at  Capi- 
tol, 1x68;  A.'s  comment  on,  1x69;  their 
allies,  xiaS,  1504;  X177;  in  Colorado, 
xao3;  xnconceivabie  things,  14x2;  will  find 
no  comfort  in  editorials  on  A.'s  death, 
1478. 

Associated  Press,  X327;  X340;  1358. 

Basis  op  RiPRSSsiiTATioir,  1127;  1x28; 
1286;  1287;   1341. 

BiootAPHT  OF  Miss  Antbont,  former  vols., 
reasons  for  writing  and  publishing,  A.'s 
pleasure  in,  V;  writing  of  Vol.  Ill,  VI, 
VII;  contests  while  revising,  11 15;  1122; 
presented  to  Gov.  Roosevelt,  11 24;  A.'s 
inscriptions  in,  11 24;  presents  to  Queen 
Victoria,  11 44;  only  one  chapter  for  last 
voL,  1243;  Mrs.  McKinley  reads,  1272; 
making  new  index  for,  1297;  Mrs.  Jacob 
Brighton,  1305;  1379;  1382;  A.'s  inscrip- 
tion to  sister,  1442;  1481. 

Birthdays,  Miss  Anthony's  78th  in  Washtn., 
11x5;  79th,  same,  X125;  use  made  of  it 
by  anti-suffragists,  X169;  great  celebr.  of 
8oth  in  Washtn.,  1x77,  X178;  81st,  1230; 
82d,  greetings  of  foreign  delegates,  1247; 
in  Roch.,  1251;  "at  home"  on  83d,  1285; 
84th  in  Washtn.,  1307;  85th,  celebr. 
everywhere,  in  Roch.,  1345-1351;  86th,  in 
Roch.,  1382;  in  Washtn.,  1402;  in  New 
York,  X410;  appearance  at  last,  1486; — 
of  Mrs.  Stanton  and  Lucretia  Mott,  xx8x; 
Mrs.  Stanton's  87th,  1270;  Miss  Shaw's, 
1285;  Mary  A.'s,  1250,  1290;  A.  cele- 
brates mother's,  1341;  Susan  Look 
Avery's,  1375. 

Bust,  of  Miss  Anthony,  1413*  X469. 

Campaigns,  A.'s  qualities  needed  in,  1486; 
her  work  in,  1x67;  in  Mich.,  1x28;  in 
Calif.,  Ore.,  1235;  in  N.  H.,  1284,  1285; 
in  Ore.,  1363;  A.  gives  her  purse,  1396; 
interest  in,  1416,  X4'2;  money  sent  in  her 
memory,  1467;  sister  goes  at  her  wish, 
1502;  services  there,  opinion  of  defeat, 
1504;  A.  in  S.  Dakota,  1438;  her  many 
campaigns,  X484* 

Childrsn,  on  A.'s  80th  birthday,  1x85;  her 
love  and  sympathy  for  young  people, 
1215;  their  love  for  her,  121 6;  in  Berlin, 
13x6;  need  of  emancipated  mothers, 
1232;  Harvard  graduates',  "race  suicide," 
1284;    children   in    Germany,    1323;   chil- 


dren's addresses  to  A.,  1349;  hand  that 
rocks  the  cradle,  1358,  1599;  children  of 
suffragists,  1374;  of  reformers,  1436;  let- 
ters to  A.,  1379;  Divine  mother,  1380; 
all  women  children  of  A.,  X395»  1456; 
A.'s  work  for  young  women,  their  love 
and  appreciation,  1430;  her  love  of  chil- 
dren, 1427;  at  funeral,  1431-1444;  A.  at- 
tractive to  young  people,  1435;  her  help 
to  them,  1447;  her  work  her  child,  1451; 
sing  carols  for  Mary  A.,  1507;  sing  at 
funeral,  1511;  her  love  for,  15x3. 

Cobducation,  in  the  Govt.,  X130;  in  Stan- 
ford University,  X133;  effort  to  secure  in 
Roch.  University,  1222;  attempt  to  thwart 
in  Chicago  University,  1258;  Mary  A.'s 
stand  for,  1495.     See  Education. 

CoLLiGBS,  see  Universities. 

CoicicisaiONS,  of  women  to  Paris  Expos., 
1x59;  one  asked  for  to  investigate  woman 
suff.,  1377;  need  of  women  on  labor 
comssns.,  1387. 

Comicittrs,  Anthony  Memorial,  1469;  An- 
thony Memorial  Fund,  1470;  Business 
Com.  Natl.  Wom.  Suff.  Assn.,  at  Mrs. 
Catt's,  1123,  1256;  at  A.'s,  1220;  at  Miaa 
Shaw's,  X295;  at  Mrs.  Upton's,  1337; 
1246;  A.'s  love  for,  11 73,  1409,  14 19; 
1361;  X362;  Miss  Shaw's  message  to, 
1445;  of  Congress,  see  Hearings;  of 
Congressl.  Work  and  Conv.  Res.,  As  re- 
port, 1232;  IntL  Suff.,  X244;  Roch.  Uni- 
versity Coeducatl.  Fund,  1222,  1252;  Wom- 
an Suff.  Fund,  1400. 

CoNGRRsa,  ignoring  of  women,  1x58,  X159: 
A.'s  great  work  with,  X164,  XX91,  12x0, 
X233;  Mrs.  Stanton's  work  with,  1262, 
X263;  duty  to  women  of  new  possessions, 
XI 27;  deaf  ears,  11 59;  needs  a  "watching 
committee,"  1x67;  all  hopes  center  there, 
1208;  women  been  importuning  30  yrs., 
X152,  XI 58,  X209;  petitioned  for  x6th 
Amend,  and  suff.  for  women  in  our  new 
possessions,  X130,  1233,  1236;  A.  going 
to  drop  bomb,  1341.     See  Hearings. 

C0NGRE88IOKAL  Reports,  on  Woman  Suf- 
frage, XI 58. 

Constitutiom  op  the  U.  S.,  its  guarantees 
not  observed,  1341;  God  in,  1480,  1593; 
A.'s  knowledge  of,  1520;  14th  and  15th 
Amendments  nullified,  1127;  they  left  the 
way  open  for  injustice,  1286;  vast  num- 
ber of  petitions  for  x6th,  11 58,  1236; 
final  aim,  11 66;  A.'s  argument  for,  1x67; 
urges  it  on  natl.  bodies,  X155,  1171,  1233, 
1236;  women  begging  for  30  yrs.,  1x52, 
1 1 58,  1209;  Wyoming  petitions  for,  1236; 
A.  begs  Pres.  Roosevelt  to  recommend  it, 
1274.  1376. 


INDEX. 


1627 


Conventions,  in  early  days,  1436;  Urge 
number  attended  by  A.,  1x64,  1484;  her 
work  in  those  of  men,  1154,  Z155,  1161, 
1162,  1 171,  1192,  1233-1236.  World's 
Anti-Slavery f  11 38,  1435;  Fi«*  Woman's 
Rights,  50th  anniversary,  xixi,  1x12; 
1138;  X182;  1265;  1268;  X342;  X374; 
1382;  X430;  reminiscences  of,  1490.  Natl. 
Amer.  Woman  Suffrage,  A.  missed  only 
two  XI 64;  favored  Washtn.,  1x65; 
changed  her  mind,  1383;  description  of 
convs.  and  delegates,  1246;  highly  praised, 
1588;  conv.  of  '98,  in  Washtn.,  iiii;  of 
'99,  in  Grand  Rapids,  X127;  of  1900,  in 
Washtn.,  1163;  of  '01,  in  Minneapolis, 
1232;  of  '02,  in  Washtn.,  1244;  of  '03, 
in  New  Orleans,  1288;  of  '04,  in  Washtn., 
1306;  of  *os  in  Portland,  1360;  of  '06, 
in  Baltimore,  1383.  State  Suffrage, 
Conn.,  I  us;  Kas.,  Mo.,  Neb.,  1x20; 
Maine,  11 19;  New  Eng.,  1216;  N.  Y., 
1x50,  1243;  in  Auburn,  1338;  in  Roch- 
ester, 1373;  A.  expects  to  attend  in  1908, 
1382;  in  Syracuse,  1506;  N.  Y.  St. 
Teachers',  11 17;  Universalist,  1239.  See 
Organizations. 

Deaths,  of  Mrs.  Gage,  11 18;  Parker  Pills- 
bury,  Robert  Purvis,  1x19;  Merritt  A., 
121 7;  Rochester  friends,  125 1;  Mrs.  Stan- 
ton, 1262;  Helen  Blackburn,  1269;  Mrs. 
Hussey,  1271;  Col.  D.  R.  A.,  1339;  Mrs. 
Lapham,  1342;  Mrs.  Stanford,  large  num- 
ber mentioned  in  Biog.  1353;  G.  W.  Catt, 
X373;  Miss  Anthony,  1424;  Mary  A., 
1509.     Cremation,  1263,  1303. 

Diaries,  Miss  Anthony's,  quotations  from, 
iixx;  Z116;  XIX9;  1x20;  1122;  1126; 
1129;  1130;  1131;  XX46;  X155;  X156; 
1215;  1229;  1240;  X255;  X256;  X259; 
1272;  1285;  1293;  1306;  1342;  1373* 

Divorce,  none  among  Miss  Shaw's  mar- 
riages,  1 261;  A.'s  view  of,  1356. 

Education  or  Women,  A,'s  great  work  for, 
X22X-I227,  z  390-1 395;  statistics  of,  1393; 
1446;  1455;  1458;  A.'s  desire  for  girls' 
industrial,  1420.     See  Universities. 

Expositions,  Omaha,  11 20;  Columbian, 
1x35;  Paris,  XI 59;  Lewis  and  Clarke, 
1363. 

Flags,  Wyoming  women  present  jewelled 
one  to  A.,  X184,  14^9;  flags  at  half-mast 
for  funeral,  1426,  1430. 

Funds,  A.'s  desire  to  raise  one  for  suff., 
1171;  XI 73;  Standing  Fund  incorporated, 
X191;  1193;  abandoned  because  of  ill 
health,  1275;  taken  up  by  Miss  Garrett 
and    President    Thomas,    1399-1401;    A.'s 


joy,  1400;  leaves  all  her  possessions  to 
it,  1 4 18;  receipt  acknowledged,  1465;  Su- 
san B.  Anthony  Woman  Suffrage,  1470; 
funds  created  by  Mary  A.,  1515;  for 
Opening  Roch.  University  to  Women, 
1222.  1495. 

Hearings  before  Congressl.  Committees, 
Mrs.  Stanton's  speeches,  xiii;  in  '98, 
1 1x4;  A.'s  part  in  securing  reports,  11 58, 
XI 64;  first  was  arranged  by  her,  X164; 
in  1900,  her  strong  plea,  1167;  anti-suf- 
fragists appear,  11 68;  A.'s  last,  "women 
have  waited,"  1308;  Senator  Edmunds  on 
her  argument,  1571;  hearing  of  1906, 
1402. 

History  op  Woman  Sufprage,  1119;  A.'s 
anxiety  about  Vol.  IV,  1192;  determined 
to  have  it,  12 10;  diplomacy,  1211-1213; 
work  begtm,  1213;  1217;  1219;  reading 
the  proof,  friends  invited,  1256;  Mrs. 
Stanton's  interest,  her  death  not  recorded 
in  it,  X269;  A.  writes  Mrs.  McKinley  of, 
1273 ;  long  task  ended,  getting  means  to 
publish,  great  work  of  circulating,  scope 
of  contents,  all  due  to  A.,  her  satisfac- 
tion, difference  in  reception  of  first  vols., 
many  letters  of  praise,  her  own  estimate, 
1275-1282;  1338;  1342;  pages  sent  to 
Pres.  Roosevelt,  1378;  13795  1382;  effect 
of  first  vols.,  in  Norway,  1461;  bequeathed 
to  Natl  Suff.  Assn.,  1279,  1463;  1481. 

Immortality,  1284;  A.'s  hope  for,  1218; 
James  Martineau  on,  X2i8;  1250;  Mrs. 
Stanton's  idea  of,  1256,  1263;  A.'s  con- 
ception of,  1333,  I4i9f  142a,  1561. 

Intemperance,  1167.    See  Liquor  Dealers. 

Interviews  with  Miss  Anthony,  on  women 
school  teachers,  1x17;  on  habits  of  men, 
1 1 24;  in  London,  on  workingwomen,  1x39; 
on  reception  by  Queen  Victoria,  X143;  on 
women  in  office  in  Gr.  Brit,  and  U.  S., 
X147;  on  school  boards,  11 50;  in  Indpls. 
Sentinel,  1154;  on  personality  of  Queen 
Victoria,  failure  in  service  to  women, 
XI 56;  on  home  rule,  1157;  on  progress  of 
women,  11 63;  on  Mrs.  Nation's  methods, 
1231;  on  inferiority  of  wives,  1253;  on 
"segregation"  of  women  students,  women 
must  fight  to  hold  ground,  1258;  on  Mrs. 
Stanton's  death,  1262;  at  return  from 
New  Orleans,  1290;  on  clubs,  working 
and  college  women,  need  of  responsibility, 
etc.,  1 351;  on  ex-Pres.  Cleveland's  ideas, 
1357;  ^362. 

Labor,  spirit  of  work  in  Anthony  home, 
VI,  X301;  wage  earning  women's  need 
of  ballot,  1 139;  without  it  they  are  a  dead 


1 628 


INDEX. 


weight,  1162;  must  accept  lower  wages, 
1 291;  necessary  for  equality  of  rights, 
1292;  trade  unions  never  get  justice  with* 
out  it,  1 3  71;  helplessness  of  disfranchised, 
13  70,  1387;  A.  has  dignified  labor,  1x82; 
taught  women  joy  of,  1184,  1348*  1213; 
her  belief  in  work,  1219,  1244,  1249,  i34i> 
135 1 ;  1482;  her  work  will  go  on  forever, 
1302;  in  another  world,  I333>  I437*  Z45i> 
wanted  industr.  schools  for  girls,  14^; 
pioneer  for  equal  wages,  1291,  1578; 
need  of  women  on  labor  commssns.,  1387; 
res.  on  A.'s  death,  1454,  1455.  See  Or- 
ganizations. 
Lkttkiis,  Miss  Anthony's  on  cake  making, 
11x8;  to  Union  Signal^  xii8;  signs  1,000, 
1x22;  on  Stanford  Unversity,  X133;  on 
Polygamy,  1153;  women  commrs.  Paris  Ex- 
pos., XI 59,  1x60;  about  Mrs.  Avery,  xx8o; 
1^.  x,xoo  on  8oth  birthday,  XX78;  begins 
task  of  answering,  1x92;  on  Life  Member- 
ships  and  Standing  Fund,  1193,  x2xo;  to 
the  slighted,  1x94;  the  poets,  XX95;  on  wom- 
en in  office,  1x96;  to  young  people,  1x96; 
must  not  work  for  reward,  1x97;  to  club 
women,  XX97;  literary  women.  Ethical 
Culture  Society,  XX98;  temperance  women, 
D.  A.  R.,  XX  99;  on  peace  and  arbitration, 
ZX99;  to  suffragists,  to  business  women, 
X2oo;  to  homekeepers,  X20x;  to  Calif., 
Utah  and  Colorado  women,  X202;  South- 
ern women,  1203;  to  bereaved  mothers, 
1204;  on  public  schools,  X204;  liberal  and 
orthodox  churchwomen,  1205;  to  an  anti- 
suffragist,  x2os;  on  men  of  Kansas,  x2o6; 
to  Mrs.  Stanford  on  keeping  control  of 
property,  1206;  jesting  letters,  1208;  to 
Mrs.  Chandler  on  Congressl.  action,  X209; 
pleasure  in  writing  to  friends,  1209;  to 
members  of  Congress,  12x0;  to  presiden- 
tial con  vs.,  X2X4;  vast  nixmber  written, 
Z233-X236;  to  Brewers'  Conv.,  X234; 
X237;  on  visit  to  Bristol  Ferry  and  Provi- 
dence, X24X,  1242;  X244;  all  speak  of  my 
past,  X248;  thoughtfulness  for  others, 
X249;  on  growing  old,  X250;  on  fire  in 
Atlantic  City,  1250 ;  1254;  on  Mrs.  Stan- 
ton's death,  X264;  to  Mrs.  McKinley, 
X272;  to  President  Roosevelt,  X274;  to 
meeting  of  negroes  on  disfranchisement, 
X286;  on  teachers  at  Natl.  Educatl.  Conv., 
1 29 1,  X292;  for  bicycle  calendar,  X293;  to 
Dr.  Vincent  on  suff.  symposium,  1294; 
from  Edinburgh  and  places  in  England, 
1332;  to  Lady  Aberdeen,  X34X;  done  mak- 
ing speeches,  X343;  to  Governor  of  N.  Y. 
asking  to  appoint  Mrs.  Kelley,  X344;  on 
licensing  saloons,  1344;  to  woman  indiffer- 
ent about  suff.,  1345;  to  President  Roose- 


velt asking  to  speak  of  women  as  of  negro 
men,  134s;  on  her  health,  i354«  1360;  to 
nephew  D.  R.  on  clean  politics,  X355;  i°i' 
mense  correspondence,  X379;  on  Spiritual- 
ism, X38x;  to  small  suff.  society,  X382. 

LsTTERS  OF  Othbss,  Bcztha  H.  Palmer, 
XX  59;  Mrs.  Harper's  on  Intl.  Council  in 
London,  XX37-XX44;  from  Europe  and 
U.  S.  on  Hist.  Wom.  Suff.,  X279-X282; 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gannett  from  Anthony 
homestead,  X293;  from  Mrs.  Sargent  on 
Pleasures  of  Old  Age,  from  Mrs.  Bright 
on  Solitude  of  Self,  X305;  from  officers 
German  Council  of  Women,  X3X0;  Mrs. 
Harper's  on  voyage  of  delegates  to  Intl. 
Council,  13x2,  on  Council  in  Berlin, 
1315-13^5;  to  A.  from  hostesses,  X334; 
Mayor  Cutler  on  A.'s  birthday,  X350;  Mrs. 
Russell  Sage,  1350;  Florence  Kelley, 
Z36X;  Mary  A.  on  death  of  brother,  X372; 
to  Pres.  Roosevelt  on  appointing  worn, 
suff.  comssn.,  X377;  Miss  Shaw  to  A., 
1385.  1396;  Marie  Jenney  Howe,  A.  as 
Divine  Mother,  X380;  Miss  Haley,  woman's 
civic  work  due  to  A.,  X380;  inspiration  of 
her  life,  X382;  Miss  Garrett  to  A.,  X384; 
on  A.*s  last  birthday,  Vice-President  Fair- 
banks, Secretary  Taft,  Senators  Depew, 
Piatt,  Gallinger,  X404;  Beveridge,  Patter- 
son, Heybum,  Fulton,  X405;  Represent. 
Payne,  Smith,  Watson,  Kahn,  Cushman, 
X406;  French,  etc.,  X407;  President  Roose- 
velt, X407;  on  effect  of  A.'s  death,  X442; 
Mrs.  Upton's  after  funeral,  X444;  Miss 
Shaw  to  Natl.  Board,  1445;  after  A.'8 
death,  X447;  Mrs.  Garrett  Fawcett,  Mme. 
Chaponniire-Chaix,  X448;  Dr.  Jacobs,  Bar- 
oness von  Beschwitz,  Baroness  Gripen- 
berg,  1449;  Mrs.  Dietz  Glynes,  Alfred  H. 
Love,  P.  H.  Coney,  1450;  Prof,  and 
Mrs.  Bascom,  Revs.  J.  K.  McLean,  N.  M. 
Mann,  Mrs.  Sargent,  X45x;  the  Revs.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Eastman,  Mrs.  Terrell,  Mrs. 
Cook,  X4S2;  C.  N.  Howard,  Mary  Lowe 
Dickinson,  M.  Stanton  Lawrence,  Charles 
E.  Fitch,  X4S3;  Janet  Jennings,  1454; 
Mary  A.'s  on  George  Jr.  Republic,  X494; 
on  admission  of  women  to  Roch.  Uni- 
versity, 1495 ;  Miss  Shaw's  to  Mary  A., 
X497,  X499;  Lucy  A.'s,  X498;  George  H. 
Smith's,  X499;  Mrs.  Oilman's,  Mrs.  Steb- 
bins',  Mrs.  Greenleafs,  1501;  Mrs.  Mil- 
lar's, 1502;  Mrs.  Catt's,  X507;  Mary  A.'s 
to  Lucy,  1507;  to  NatL  Suff.  Conv.,  1508; 
in  regard  to  Will,  X5x6. 

LiBBAKY  OF  Congress,  Susan  B.  Anthony 
Collection,  2282. 

Liquor  Dralbrs,  1x32,  against  woman  suff., 
XI 67,    1x99;     Brewers'    Assn.,    1234;     in 


INDEX. 


1629 


Calif,  and  Ore*,  lass;  attitude  toward 
woman  suff.,  1235;  1294;  A/a  view  of 
business,  1344,  I355* 

Magazines,  Collier's,  1266,  1484;  Independ* 
ent,  (N.  Y.),  1267,  1483;  Ladies'  Home 
Journal,  1357;  North  American  Review, 
X265,  X485;  Pearson's  Magazine,  2266, 
1298;  Pilgrim,  1243;  Review  of  Reviews, 
1267,  1485;  Young  Women's  Journal, 
1582.  London,  Englishwoman's  Review, 
1269;  Review  of  Reviews,  2280. 

Marriage,  what  A.  missed,  11 90;  her  ma- 
ternal instinct,  1215;  A.  on  mother's  in- 
fluence, X232;  her  articles  on,  1240;  in- 
tellectual inferiority  of  wives,  1253;  of 
A.'s  secretary,  "woman's  rights"  wed- 
ding, 1260;  of  college  graduates,  wom- 
en's changing  ideals,  1284;  A's  refusal  of, 
X298;  fortunate  for  women,  1304;  A.  has 
given  nobility  to,  2349;  women  object  to 
being  regarded  solely  as  wives  and  moth- 
ers, 2352;  considered  in  other  capacities, 
2480;  unmarried  woman  a  target,  2481, 
1559;  A.'8  idea  of,  2483*  X559;  status  of 
wives,  2483;  2549;  2593;  2597.  Sec  Chil- 
dren. 

McClurb  Syndxcatb,  2156;  2240. 

MEDALL20NS  of  Miss  Authouy,  2253,  1254. 

Memorial  Meetings,  2459,  1460. 

Memoria2^,  Woman's  Bldg.  in  Roch.,  14^7- 
2469;  S.  B.  A.  Fund  of  Natl.  Suff.  Assn., 
1470;  window  in  Roch.  church,  2472; 
brother  D.  R.'s  bequest  for,  2420,  2468; 
A.'s  idea  of,  2420. 

Monuments,  A.  places  over  grandparents' 
graves,  2357;  Bunker  Hill  and  Washing- 
ton, 2409;  A.'8  idea  of,  2420;  2439. 

Negroes,  A.'s  freindship  for,  2249,  2288; 
on  lynching,  2241;  letter  to  Cooper  Union 
meeting,  2286;  address  at  Tuskegee,  2289, 
1590;  on  colored  children,  2356;  asks 
same  consideration  for  all  women  as  for 
negro  men,  2345;  tributes  of  colored 
women,  2283,  2188,  2437,  2452;  at  her 
funeral,  2431,  2443,  2444;  memorial  win- 
dow, 2471;  Mary  A.'s  friendship  for, 
1490,  2506,  2522. 

Newspapers,  Da2L7  and  Weekly,  Ala- 
bama, Birmingham,  Age-Herald,  1592; 
Ledger,  1592;  News,  2125;  Mobile,  Item, 
2590;  Tuskegee,  Student,  2590. — Cali- 
fornia, Chico,  Record,  2367;  Los  Angeles, 
Express,  2589;  Herald,  2370;  News,  2589; 
Times,  2369,  2473,  2588;  Oakland,  En- 
quirer,  2587;  Sacramento,  Bee,  2368;  San 
Francisco,  Call,  2369,  2587;  Chronicle, 
i473f  1586. — Colorado,  Denver,  News, 
2580;  Republican,  1579;  Times,  2340.— 
Connecticut,  Ansonia,  Sentinel,  1552, 
Meriden,    Journal,     2552;     New    Havexi, 


Leader,  2552.— District  ov  Columbia, 
Washington,  Post,  2269,  1271,  2185,  1245* 
I473t  1560;  Evening  Star,  1222,  11 71; 
227s,  2248,  2559. — Florida,  Jackson- 
ville, Times-Union,  1592.— Georgia,  At- 
lanta, Constitution,  2592;  Journal,  1591; 
Augusta,  Chronicle,  2593;  Savannah, 
News,  1592. — Illinois,  Bloomington,  Pan- 
tagraph,  2570;  Chicago,  American,  2568; 
Chronicle,  2473,  2568;  Daily  News, 
1327,  2568;  Inter  Ocean,  2340;  Post, 
2567;  Record-Herald,  2567;  Tribune,  1484, 
2567;  Peoria,  Star,  2570;  Quincy, 
Herald,  2570;  Springfield,  St€Ue  Reg- 
ister, 2569. — IND2ANA,  Evansville,  Cou- 
rier, 2565;  Indianapolis,  News,  2564; 
Sentinel,  2154;  Star,  2564;  Sun,  2565. — 
Iowa,  Burlington,  Hawkey e,  2573;  Des 
Moines,  Register  and  Leader,  2573;  Du- 
buque, Times,  2574;  Sioux  City,  Journal, 
1574;  Tribune,  2574. — ^Kansas,  Emporia, 
Cattette,  2578;  Lawrence,  Journal,  2578; 
Leavenworth,  Times,  2340,  2355. — ^Ken- 
tucky, Louisville,  Herald,  2596. — Louisi- 
ana, New  Orleans,  Item,  2590;  Picayune, 
1288,  1289;  Times-Democrat,  1590. — 
Maryland,  Baltimore,  American,  1385, 
1398,  2556;  Herald,  2557;  News,  2385, 
1557;  Sun,  238s,  2389,  2558;  Telegram, 
1385,  2557.  —  Massachusetts,  Boston, 
Budget  and  Beacon,  2545;  Herald,  2473, 
1474*  >543t  1544;  Journal  of  Education, 
1546;  Times,  2547;  Transcript,  2546; 
Traveler,  2547;  Lawrence,  Tribune,  2550; 
Lowell,  Courier,  2549;  New  Bedford, 
Standard,  2549;  Springfield,  Republican, 
iaS3»  1548;  Worcester,  Telegram,  iS$o. — 
M2CH2GAN,  Detroit,  Times,  2565;  Grand 
Rapids,  Press,  1566. — M2Nnesota,  Duluth, 
News-Tribune,  2573;  Minneapolis, /oMmo/, 
2238,  1572;  St.  Paul,  Dispatch,  2572; 
Pioneer  Press,  2572. — Mississippi,  Vkks- 
burg,  American,  2  590.— Missouri,  Kansas 
City,  Journal,  2575;  Star,  1576;  St.  Jo- 
seph, Press,  1576;  St  Louis,  Chronicle, 
»575J  Globe-Democrat,  2358,  2575. — ^Mon- 
tana, Anaconda,  Standard,  2583;  Butte, 
Miner,  2583;  Helena,  Record,  2583. — Ne- 
braska, Lincoln,  Commoner,  2577;  State 
Journal,  1577;  Omaha,  Bee,  2207;  World 
Herald,  1362. — New  Hampshire,  Con- 
cord, Patriot,  1 551;  Portsmouth,  Times, 
2550. — New  Jersey,  Camden,  Courier, 
1552. — ^New  York,  Albany,  Argus,  1539; 
Auburn,  Advertiser,  1542;  Citisen,  2540; 
Brooklyn,  Citizen,  1535;  DaUy  Eagle, 
2473,  1474,  1533;  Standard  Union,  1535; 
Times,  2474,  2534;  Buffalo,  Commercial, 
2538;  Courier,  2538;  News,  2537;  Times, 
X474>    1538;     Elmira,    Advertiser,    2541; 


1630 


INDEX. 


Gazette,  1541;  Erie  Co.,  Independent, 
1542;  Johnstown,  Democrat,  1541;  Le 
Roy,  News,  1542; — New  York  City,  Com- 
mercial, 1528;  Daily  News,  1527;  Evening 
Journal,  1529,  1536;  Evening  Post, 
>397i  1526;  Evening  Telegram,  1351; 
German  Herald,  1529;  Globe,  1529;  /f«r- 
fl/d,  1124,  1352;  Mail,  1529;  Prew,  13S1; 
Smm,  1 123,  1 168,  XI 75,  1268,  127X,  1308, 
15251  Z535;  Laffan  Bureau,  1327;  Stoats- 
Zeitung,  1530;  Times,  1527;  Transcript, 
1528;  Tn&ttfie,  1 1 74,  1525;  World,  1126, 
xi39i  1151*  X410,  1531;  Searchlight,  Z531; 
Worker,  153 1;  Poughkeepsie,  News,  1542; 
Rochester,  Democrat  an</  Chronicle,  1117, 
1 131,  122s,  1239,  1286,  1336,  1347,  1424, 
Z446,  1468,  151  o,  1519;  Evening  Times, 
1347,  1424,  1 4^5,  1509,  1524;  Herald, 
1424,  1521;  North  Star,  1150;  Post-Ex- 
press, 1 146,  1285,  1343,  1346,  1424,  1425. 
1430,  1 5 10,  Z524;  Union  and  Advertiser, 
>347f  i373»  i424»  1501,  1523; — Rome,  Sen- 
tinel, 1542;  Syracuse,  Herald,  1540;  Troy, 
Press,  1540;  Times,  1540;  Utica,  PrMj, 
1 541;  Wyoming,  Reporter,  1221. — North 
Carolina,  Charlotte,  iV^etv^,  i593;  Rakigh, 
News-Observer,  1594. — Ohio,  Cincinnati, 
Commercial-Tribune,  1561;  Po.ff*,  1561; 
Cleveland,  Leader,  Z190;  News,  1563; 
Columbus,  Journal,  1562;  Pojf,  1562; 
Springfield,  5ttn,  1563;  Toledo,  B/oife, 
1563. — Oregon,  Pendleton,  East  Ore- 
gonian,  1585;  Portland,  Evening  Tele- 
gram, 1503,  1585;  Journal,  1363,  1584; 
Oregonian,  1363,  1365,  1584. — Pennsyl- 
vania, Chester,  Republican,  1554;  Phila- 
delphia  Inquirer,  1552;  Pr«j,  1x38,  i353f 
1473,  1553;  Public  Ledger,  1295;  Record, 
X553;  Telegraph,  1553;  Pittsburg,  Poj#, 
>554;  P»'«J,  1554;  Scranton,  Tribune, 
1555;  Wilkesbarre,  Record,  iS55;  York, 
Dispatch,  1555. — Rhode  Island,  Provi- 
dence, Tribune,  1551. — South  Carolina, 
Greenville,  A^ew*,  1593. — ^Tennessee,  Chat- 
tanooga, News,  Z596;  Memphis,  Scimitar, 
XI 24;  Nashville,  Banner,  1596. — Utah, 
Logan  City,  Journal,  1581;  Salt  Lake, 
Goodwin's  Weekly,  1581;  Herald,  1580; 
JVwfj,  1581;  Telegram,  1581. — ^Virginia, 
Danville,  B«tf,  Z594;  Lynchburg,  News, 
1594;  Roanoke,  Times,  1595;  World, 
iS95« — ^Washington,  Olympia,  Recorder, 
1586;  Seattle,  Jlfaii  and  Herald,  is8S-— 
West  Virginia,  Parkersburg,  Dispatch- 
News,  1595;  Wheeling,  Register,  1596. — 
Wisconsin,  Milwaukee,  Sentinel,  15 71. 

Weekly  Papers.  Anti-Slavery  Stand- 
ard, Liberator,  1283.  Religious  Papers, 
1596-1599.      Temperance    Papers,    x6oo; 


Union  Signal,  1118.  Women's  Papers, 
Revolution,  X119,  1146,  1x64,  x3ox,  12839 
141 3.  SuSrsige  Newsletter,  1600.  Woman's 
Journal,  1x20,  1283,  1306,  1352,  Z547> 
Woman's  Tribune,  1180,  1283,  1583. 
Ballot  Box  and  Citisen,  Lily,  Una,  X283. 

Other  Countries,  Canada,  Montreal, 
Daily  Herald,  1243. — Great  Britain,  Lon- 
don, Daily  Chronicle,  11 43;  Daily  News, 
X139;  Times,  11 42;  Methodist  Times, 
1 139;  Sunday  Times,  1137,  >i39- — Ger- 
many, Berlin,  Die  Frau,  1281;  Frauen- 
bewegung,  1281. — Australia,  Melbourne, 
Woman's  Sphere,  1258.  See  Associated 
Press,  Magazines,  McClure's  Syndicate. 
Organizations,  International.  For  list  of 
organizations  sending  resolutions  on  Miss 
Anthony's  death,  see  page  1458. 

Bricklayers'  and  Masons'  IntL  Union, 
1x61,  X234. 

Council  of  Women,  1x26;  11 30;  dele- 
gates go  to  London  meeting,  X132;  account 
of  congress,  X135;  A.'s  report  of,  1x66; 
made  patron,  xi8x;  1245;  1246;  1295; 
1309;  addresses  at  Berlin,  1313;  great 
meeting  in  Berlin,  131 5  et  seq.;  A.'s  re- 
port of,  1338;  1448;  in  memory  of  A., 
1459. 

Woman    Suffrage    Alliance,    first   steps 
toward,  1246;  1295;  organized,  1324;  1432; 
mem.  meeting  for  A.  in  Copenhagen,  1460. 
Organizations,  National. 

American  Anti-Slavery,  X119;  X138; 
1x67;  124X.  American  Medical  Assn., 
X238.  American  Purity  Alliance,  1388. 
American  Volunteers,  1385.  Anti-Polyg- 
amy League,  1x52;  Anti-Suffrage  Associa- 
tion, X478.  Australian  Women's  Polit. 
Assn.,  X460. 

Brewers'  Association  of  U.  S.,  1234. 
Building  Trades  Council,  1234. 

Christian  Endeavor  Society,  1239.  Chris- 
tian League  for  Social  Purity,  1448.  Col- 
lege Women's  Equal  Suffrage  League, 
1389;  1393*  College  Equal  Suffrage 
League,  1389.  Collegiate  Alumnae,  1389. 
Colored  Women's  Association,  1282;  1437; 
1448.  Congress  of  Mothers,  1x79;  1248. 
Consumers'  League,  1361.  Council  of  Jew- 
ish Women,  1120;  1204;  1448.  CouiKils 
of  Women,  XI14.  Council  of  Germany, 
X138;  invites  A.  to  Berlin,  1310;  1312: 
1314;  welcomes  A.,  1315;  great  work,  13x6 
et  seq.;  1329;  X449*  Council  of  Switzer- 
land, 1330;  X448.  Council  of  United 
States,  1 125;  A.  upholds  its  principles, 
1 1 53;  greetings  on  her  8oth  birthday, 
IX 8x;  1205;  X248;  X289;  action  on  Divorce, 
1356;  1369;  X448;  memorial  for  A.,  1469. 


INDEX. 


163I 


Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution, 
112$;  1191;  A.'8  message  to,  1199;  ovation 
to  A.»  1248. 

Educational  Association,  A.'s  letters  to, 
1290.     Epworth  League,  1239. 

Federation  of  Commercial  Schools,  1234. 
Federation  of  Labor,  A.  addresses,  11 54; 
1233.  Federation  of  Teachers,  1239;  1290; 
Finnish  Women's  Association,  1449;  1461. 

General  Federation  of  Women's  Qubs, 
1389;  ovation  to  A.,  1580.  George  Wash- 
ington Memorial  Association,  11 22. 
Grange,  1234. 

King's  Daughters  and  Sons,  11 14,  1448, 
1453. 

Ladies  of  the  Maccabees,  1388,  1448. 
Liberal  Club  (London),  1140.  Liberal 
Federation   (Great  Britain),   1333. 

Red  Cross  Association,  X173;  1245; 
1308;  1490. 

Susan  B.  Anthony  Memorial  Associa- 
tion, 1468. 

Universal  Peace  Union,  11x4;   1450. 

Women's  Christian  Temperance  Union, 
1215;  1388,  1 431;  X448.  Women's  Repub- 
lican Association,  12 15.  Union  of  Wom- 
en's Suffrage  Societies  in  Great  Britain, 
1133;  1138;  1330;  1331;  Z448.  Woman 
Suffrage  Association,  The  Netherlands, 
1449. 

Woman  Suffrage,  National  Aicssxcan 
Association  of  thb  U.  S.,  VI;  celebr. 
50th  anniversary  First  Woman's  Rights 
Conv.,  iiii;  conference  in  Roch.,  1117; 
A.  signs  x,ooo  letters  for,  11 22;  urges 
rights  of  women  in  our  new  possessions, 
1 130;  1 1 54;  A.  resigns  presidency,  1163; 
its  organization,  A.'s  contributions  to, 
1 1 64,  1236;  celebr.  her  8oth  birthday, 
1 1 78;  life  memberships,  1193,  1210;  memo- 
rials to  presidential  convs.,  12 13;  bazar  in 
New  York,  1228;  against  St  regulated 
vice,  1237;  conference  in  Buffalo,  1240; 
second  change  of  presidents,  1308;  on 
Oklahoma  Statehood  Bill,  1341;  income, 
etc.,  1400;  great  fund  for,  1401;  A.  puts 
work  in  Miss  Shaw's  care,  1421,  1423;  her 
message  to  officers  from  A.'s  study,  1445; 
1462;  A.'s  legacy  to,  1463,  1464;  memorial 
fund,  1470;  wonderful  growth,  1475; 
Mary  A.'s  last  message  to,  1508;  her  be- 
quest, 1 516.  See  Hearings,  Committees, 
Conventions. 
Organizations,  State,  Brewers' Associations, 
Calif.,  Ore.,  1235.  Council  Jewish  Wom- 
en, Md.,  1388.  Federations  of  Labor,  Ga.» 
Minn.,  1235.  Federations  of  Women's 
Clubs,  Md..  1388;  N.  Y.,  1150,  1197.  G. 
A.  R.  Dept.  Kansas,  121 7,  1450.  George 
Junior  Republk,  N.  Y.,   1494.    Municipal 


Ownership  League,  N.  Y.,  1231.  Teach- 
ers' Asociations,  N.  Y.,  11 17;  Washtn., 
1236.  W.  C.  T.  U.,  Md.,  1388.  Woman 
Suff.,  Calif.,  1369;  Conn.,  1125;  D.  C, 
1183,  1312;  Iowa,  Kas.,  Mo.,  Neb.,  1120; 
Ills.,  1337;  Md.,  1383,  1385;  N.  Y.,  1433: 
makes  A.'s  nurses  life  members  Natl 
Assn.,  X466;  X491;  1506;  1508;  Mary  A.'s 
bequest  to,  1515.  See  Conventions.  Wom- 
an's St.  Temperance  Society,  N.  Y.,  X122. 
Organizations,  Local,  American  Women  in 
London,  Society  of,  ii4Xt  lASo.  Artists, 
Society  of,  Roch.,  1360.  Commercial  Club, 
Omaha,  1362.  Council  of  Women,  Bre- 
men, Germany,  13 14.  Council  of  Women, 
Roch.,  1x22,  1342,  X343.  1427.  1431.  1456. 
D.  A.  R.,  Roch.,  Ill 7,  1346,  1456.  Educa- 
tional and  Industrial  Union,  Roch.,  1122, 
1222,  1 43 1, 145 7>  14^7'  Ethical  Culture,  So- 
cieties for,  London,  1330;  Phila.,  1353! 
New  York,  11 98;  Roch.,  1x17,  1222.  Fe- 
male Moral  Reform  Society,  Phila.,  X49i» 
Council  of  Jewish  Women,  Chicago,  1337; 
Roch.,  1456.  Laundry  Workers'  Assn., 
Los  Angeles,  1371.  Loyal  Legion  of 
Women,  Washtn.,  1245.  Mothers'  Club, 
Roch.,  1343.  Principals'  and  Teachers' 
Assn.,  Roch.,  1455.  Prohibition  Union  of 
Christian  Men,  Roch.,  1453;  Shakers  of 
Ml  Lebanon,  1408. 

Suffrage  Clubs,  Equal  Suff.  Leagues, 
Los  Angeles,  1370;  New  York,  1295;  San 
Francisco,  1369;  Interurban  Political 
Equality  Council,  Greater  New  York, 
1410,  1459.  Suff.  Clubs,  Baltimore,  1398; 
Orange,  (N.  J.),  1254;  New  York  and 
B'lyn,  1 3 12;  Seneca  Falls,  1382;  Suff.  So- 
cieties, Phila,  1295.  Edinburg,  Scotland, 
1332, 1334.  Political  Equality  Clubs,  Boone, 
Council  Bluffs,  la.,  1362;  Rochester,  1x22 
XX 24,  1222,  I2S5,  1306,  1346,  I347»  1382, 
X430,  1431,  1456,  I49»t  15".  ^S^S-  Susan 
B.  Anthony  Clubs,  Rochester,  1437,  1471; 
San  Francisco,  1368,  1369.  Susan  B.  An- 
thony League,  Roch.,  1382,  1430. 

Woman's  Clubs,  of  London,  X141;  Ly- 
ceum, 133X.  Women's  Union  (Club),  of 
Cieneva,  Switz.,  1330,  I449*  Chicago, 
1232,  1361;  Los  Angeles,  1369;  Omaha, 
X362;  Orange  City,  (Fla.),  1355;  Orange, 
(N.  J.)  1254;  Portland,  (Ore.)  1366; 
Roch.,  II 17.  Colored  Women's,  Washtn., 
X125.  Arundel,  Balto.,  1398;  Busy  Bees, 
Roch.,  1437;  New  Century,  Phila.,  1125, 
X252,  1295;  Per  Gradus,  Detroit,  1x55; 
Press  Club,  S.  Calif.,  1371;  Sorosis,  14x1; 
Twentieth  Century,  Balto.,  1388. 

Teachers'  Federation,  Chicago,  1380. 
Typographical  Union,  Roch.,  1454*  Uni- 
versity   of    Rochester    Organizations    of 


1632 


INDEX. 


Women,  1346,  1431.  M3a,  USS.  ^S"* 
W.  C.  T.  U.,  Chicago,  1459;  Omaha,  1362; 
Roch.,  131 1 ;  1431;  1490;  151 1.  Women's 
Local  Gov't  Society,  London,  1x47.  Wom- 
en's Medical  Society,  Roch.,  1431;  2511. 
Woman's  Relief  Corps,  Chicago,  1130. 
Young  People's  Loyal  Legion,  Roch.,  xx3x. 
Young  Women's  Christian  Ass'n.,  Roch., 
X117.  » 

PioNssRs  OF  Woman  SuFFaAcx,  evening 
with,  IX 13;  same,  1245;  work  will  go  on, 
1x36;  way  to  show  appreciation  of,  1x96; 
personal  appearance,  1207;  names  of, 
121 6;  should  be  enshrined,  xa66;  1289; 
women  indebted  to  for  education,  etc., 
Z391-1395;  unselfishness  of,  X393;  condi- 
tions they  faced,  X483»  1485;  glorious 
memories,  1413;  early  trials,  1435. 

PoBifS,  sonnet  to  A.  by  Garrison,  1x79; 
poem  by  Mrs.  Coonley  Ward,  1185;  birth- 
day effusions,  1x95;  131  x;  on  presenting 
chair,  X346;  of  Edwin  Markham  to  A., 
14x1;  to  Mary  A.,  15x4;  on  A.'s  death, 
x6oo. 

Political  Parties,  memorials  to  polit.  conv., 
their  treatment  of  women,  1214;  A.  urges 
women  not  to  enter  polit.  organizations, 
shows  treachery  of  all  to  women's  inter- 
ests, 121 4;  same,  1325;  higher  qualities 
lacking  in  because  of  women's  exclusion, 
1266;  social  and  religious  questions  not 
considered  for  same  reason,  1294. 

Polygamy,  A.'s  attitude  towards,  1x51- 
II 53;  Dr.  Parkhurst  on,  1151;  1202; 
i35«. 

Portraits,  of  Miss  Anthony,  Miss  Eddy's, 
X185,  1241;  in  Corcoran  Gallery,  1289; 
her  photo»  in  public  schools,  1349;  Wm. 
Keith's,  1369;  of  Douglass,  1242. 

Receptions,  at  Intl.  Council  in  London, 
X140-X145;  in  Phila.,  X295;  in  Bremen, 
13 14;  in  Berlin,  13x6-1322;  London, 
1330;  Manchester,  1331;  at  Lewis  and 
Clark  Expos.,  1364;  in  Calif.,  X36&-X37X; 
in  Baltimore,  1398.     See  Birthdays. 

RpsoLTTTioNS,  on  Miss  Anthony's  death,  N. 
Y.  Legislature,  Roch.  Bd.  of  Education, 
1446;  Grand  Jury  Monroe  Co.,  1447;  of 
many  bodies,  1454-1459. 

Statues,  Frederick  Douglass',  1149;  Paulina 
Wright  Davis,  1242;  dedication  of  Saca- 
jawea,  1364;  A.'s  idea  of  statue  to  wom- 
an, 1470;  hers  in  Rochester,  1532;  cast 
of  A.'8  and  Mrs.  Stanton's  clasped  hands, 
MS3. 

Suffrage,  Woman,  Progress  of,  1x14; 
1127;  XX36;  1x75;  X180;  X189;  1248; 
X266;  1308;  1324-1326;  1347;  1364; 
136s;  1386;  1389;  1394;  1410;  1413; 
1414;     1439;    1443;    1473;     1474;     1476; 


1526;    1528;     1537;     1542;     1548;    1549; 

issi;  1553;  1557;  1559;  1564;  1565; 
1566;  1571;  1575;  1579;  1582;  1587; 

X591;  1595;  1597;  1598.  Partly  a  con- 
sensus of  editorial  opinion  at  time  of 
Miss  Anthony's  death. 
Suffrage,  Woman,  Effect  of  Movement 
FOR,  on  legal,  educatl.,  industrial  and  so- 
cial conditions,  VII;  X164;  1x65;  1166; 
1258;  1265;  1268;  1285;  1304;  1367; 
1380;  1386;  1390-1395;  X405;  1438; 
1442;  X4sx;  1458;  1469;  1479;  1484; 
1522;     1525;     1526;     1528;     1529;     1530; 

1534;  x53s;  1536;  1539;  1540;  1543; 

1547;  1550;  1551;  X552;  1553;  1554; 
1556;  1562;  1566;  1568;  1572;  1579; 
1583;  X584;  1586;  1587;  X588;  1589; 
1591;  1592;  Z596.  Partly  a  consensus  of 
editorial  opinion  at  time  of  Miss  An- 
thony's death. 
Suffrage,  Woman,  educatl.  qualif.  for, 
XIX2,  X145;  A.  always  shows  women  the 
need  of,  11 17;  absolute  right,  xxx8;  duty 
of  all  to  work  for  it,  1x29;  more  petitions 
for  than  for  any  other  measure,  1x58, 
X233,  X236;  women's  great  powers  ab- 
sorbed in  getting  it,  X137,  xi6i,  1206; 
necessary  for  development  of  the  race, 
X137;  would  help  wage-earners  and  give 
power  to  home,  1x62;  11 63;  if  denied  to 
men,  xi68;  young  people  coming  into 
work,  1 1 96;  all  women  will  come  to  be- 
lieve in  it,  1x98;  reasons  for  this,  1x99- 
X203;  outrage  to  keep  women  begging, 
1209;  weapon  of  civilization,  1231;  needed 
to  purify  the  race,  1232;  Intl.  Committee 
church,  1267;  reason  why  it  does  not 
formed,  1245,  1246;  changed  attitude  of 
stand  as  unit  for  suff.,  1205;  complete 
ignoring  of  by  Pres.  Roosevelt,  1275, 
X378;  A.  shows  its  necessity  for  teachers, 
1291;  women's  opinions  not  counted, 
X294;  official  recognition  in  Berlin,  1322; 
adopted  by  Intl.  Council  of  Women,  largest 
movement  ever  made,  intense  interest* 
X324;  Intl.  Alliance  formed,  1325;  A.  on 
women's  indifference,  1345;  they  need  it  as 
much  as  negro  men,  1345;  future  will 
wonder  at  fight  for,  1351;  identical  with 
economics,  1361;  President  urged  to  ap- 
point investigating  comssn.,  1377;  women 
college  presidents  and  professors  ask  for» 
1389;  backwardness  of  opposition,  1390; 
noted  advocates,  1391;  duty  of  college 
women,  1392;  they  will  soon  demand  sufF., 
working  women  and  mothers  will  demand, 
1394;  inevitable,  1394;  great  fund  for, 
1399;  self-evident  right,  14x2;  compensa- 
tions of  advocates,  14x3,  14 14;  given  to 
Indians,  1492,  1493;  devotion  of  Mary  A. 


INDEX. 


1633 


to,  IS  16;  editors  afraid  to  endorse,  1474; 
approve  all  other  gains  bat  doubt  this, 
1476;  absence  of  logic  in  discussing, 
X477;  women  must  be  converted,  X477f 
X478;  class  of  women  in  favor,  1478; 
more  important  than  all  else,  X479*  See 
Amendments,  Committees,  Funds,  Labor 
and  other  allied  subjects  under  proper 
heads;  also  Anthony,  Susan  B. 

TxACHKRS,  Miss  Anthony  criticizes  for  lack 
of  spirit,  XX 17;  scores  those  of  past  and 
present,  demands  equal  pay  and  suff.  for 
them  and  urges  them  to  be  true  to  in- 
terests of  women,  1291,  1292;  res.  on  her 
death,  1455;  she  was  a  Great  Teacher, 
X53X,  X546;  work  of  Mary  A.,  X489,  1490, 
1 5 13;  pioneer  in  demand  for  equal  pay, 
X489. 

UNiTAaiAif  CHuacH,  Unitasianism,  xais; 
view  of  immortality,  121B;  tenets  of  the 
faith,  X4a5;  1432;  1433;  x*^*  <xx  A.'s 
death,  X456;  reminiscences  of  Mary  A., 
X490;  X499;  editorial  in  Unity,  X599. 

(Jmivbrsitibs,  Coluusbs,  etc.,  Bryn  Mawr, 
medallion  of  A.  presented,  1253;  A.  visits, 
1378;  X383;  X384;  College  Women's  even- 
ing arranged  by  president,  1388;  X389; 
X400;  X401.  Chicago,  1258;  X495.  Cor- 
nell, X282;  1350.  Harvard,  1279;  1284. 
Johns  Hopkins,   1384;   1385;   1388;    X398. 


Michigan,  1279.  Mt  Holyoke,  1388. 
Oberlin,  X435-  Pacific  Theolog.  Seminary, 
1451.  Pembroke  Hall,  (Brown),  X242. 
Raddiffe,  X389.  Rochester,  xxao;  open- 
ing to  women,  1221-1229;  122S1  1230; 
X242;  1348;  X349;  pres.  on  A.'s  death, 
X427;  X432;  res.  of  societies,  1455;  me- 
morial bldg.,  1467,  X468;  Mary  A.'s  schol- 
arship, X494-X496.  Rochester  Theological 
Seminary,  X427.  Smith,  1388.  Tuskegee 
Institute,  1289.  Vassar,  1388.  Washing- 
ton College  of  Law,  XX89.  Wellealey, 
X388.  Williams,  145  x.  Woman's  College 
of  Baltimore,  1386,  X388.     Yale,  1279. 

Women  of  German  Universities,  X3X7; 
Collegiate  Alumnae,  College  Equal  Suff. 
League,  1389;  College  Women's  Evening 
NatL  Suff.  Conv.,  x  383-1396;  proportion 
of  women  in,  X393;  college  women  na- 
tion's strength,  X395.  See  Coeducation, 
Education. 
Wab,  Civil,  xxi8;  xisx;  12x6;  12x7;  1303; 
1386;  X459;  X479;  1490;  X54a;  1556;  X590. 
Spanish-American,  xxax,  XX3X,  X199;  Revo- 
lution, XX  99. 

Wills,  of  Miss  Anthony,  1463;  of  Mary  A., 
X515;  friends  urged  to  remember  suff.  in, 
1508. 

WoaKXNGwoMEN,  scc  Labor. 


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