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Life at Mansfield

A Visual Reminiscence

GALE LARGEY

— Contributors —

irmody, Sharor

i Newhart, Christie

alder,

Scott

Sheffer, Mary Mc

Inroy

•eene,

Richard

Sweder, James

-eerily

Lynn

Swinsick, Phyllis

Owen

MftNIWiiD university 1
•*■"•«•«. pa iew3-;i^

Dedication

This book is dedicated to Hartley Dean and Tom Halloran
as a token of appreciation for their years of loyalty to
"Dear 01' Mansfield."

Acknowledgments

The following people have provided special assistance in the crea-
tion of this book:

Les Achey
Audrey Baynes
John Baynes
Stephen Bencetic
George Beyer
James Carlson
Ron Costello
Vivian Dean
Dale Dunmore
Leona Dunmore
Clarice Evans
Les Evans
Yvette Finkele
Arlyne Garrity
Jay Gertzman
Ann Good
William Goode
Walter Grimes
John Heaps
Helen Hill

Diane Largey Johnson
Mitzi Johnson
Eugene Jones
Rod Kelchner

Ann Klinger

Kathleen Largey

Linda Main

A. T. J. Matthews

Dennis Miller

Olive Miller

Larry Nesbit

Barb Nichols

Milford Paris

Arlie Parks

Winfred Keeney Phornton

Yolande Flowers Rathbun

Mary Mclnroy Sheffer

Trudy Sherman

Vincent Smichowski

Harold Strait

Richard Talbot

Mary Ann Taynton

Solomon Tesman

Jolene Paris Tomlinson

Robert Unger

Myron Webster

Lois Wilson

Edwin Zdzinski

I thank them and the many others who have supported the com-
pletion of this project.

Preface

This book is the fifth in a series of socio-historical portraits of life in Tioga County. Earlier portraits
were done of Roseville (1973), Liberty (1974), Morris Township (1976), and Wellsboro (1980). This
book, like the previous ones, is part of an effort by Mansfield University to be of service to the region —
that is, to provide an appreciative understanding of its heritage.

The book offers a glimpse of life at Mansfield over the past 125 years. It is based upon bits and
pieces of information gathered from school catalogs, newspapers, yearbooks, departmental publications
minutes of board meetings, diaries, recollections, and interviews with about twenty alumni.

During the initial stage of the project, six students assisted in the data collection. They were: Sharon
Carmody, Lynn Greenly, Scott Colder, Christie Jo Newhart, Richard Greene, and James Sweder. During
the preparation of the manuscript, Phyllis Owen Swinsick ('30) patiently reviewed drafts, and offered a
lot of sensible help. Her "spunky" spirit certainly made the work more enjoyable. She represents the best
tradition of Mansfield graduates.

While writing the book, I "lived" in Mansfield's past. I felt its ups and downs, wondering if the crises
could have been avoided. But, of course, hindsight is easier than foresight. It is easier to be critical than
constructive. In any case, it soon became apparent to me that Mansfield's true strength and char-
acter is related to the simple fact that much has been learned over 125 years; and, indeed, Mansfield has
lived by its motto: "Character is the essential; scholarship is the enrichment; service is the end of all
worthy endeavors."

Though the book traces developments in life at Mansfield, it is not truly a history of the institution.
I will leave that task to a more able-minded hisorian. Instead, it is a humanistic sociological story based
upon the interesting events and personalities, the changing rules of the institution, and the beliefs and
myths which have promoted community spirit.

As you browse through the book, I encourage you to probe the photographs. Many of them were
selected because they include more than initially meets the eye. Here's a teaser: find the "Bare Leg."
I'm sure you'll know it when you discover it. Moreover, in the process of looking, you'll note many items
of interest.

Much of the text consists of articles selected from the school newspapers and other publications. Some
of them have slips in grammar and writing, but they do describe a significant event or they provide an in-
teresting insight. Except for rather extreme errors, I have deliberately avoided editing the articles. I have
done so with the hope of preserving authenticity.

Thank you for your interest in the book. Enjoy your reading. Hopefully, it will enhance your appre-
ciation of Mansfield.

Gale Largey

References

In addition to past issues of school catalogs, the Normal Quarterly, the
Semaphore, the Spectator, the Flashlight, Cadence, the Mansfieldian,

the Carontowan, departmental publications, and minutes of Board
meetings, the following sources were referred to:

Anonymous

1897 History of Tioga County, Pennsylvania. Harrisburg: R. C.

Brown & Company

Elliott, Simon B.

1893 History of the Mansfield Normal School. Mansfield: Van-

Keuren & Coles Printers.

Jupenlaz, Fred (ed.)

1957 Mansfield: Centennial Issue. Mansfield: The Advertiser.

Retan, George

1957 History of Mansfield Borough, 1857-1957. Mansfield:

Council of Mansfield Borough.

Sexton, John (General Historian)

1883 History of Tioga County, Pennsylvania 1804-1883. New

York: John L. Munsell & Company.

Stone, William

1918 The Tale of a Plain Man. Philadelphia: John C. Winston

Company.

Overview

MANSFIELD CLASSICAL SEMINARY (1857-1862). In 1854, a group lead by Col. Joseph Hoard proposed the organization
of Mansfield Classical Seminary . . . Three years later, the school opened, but at the start of the second term it was destroyed
by fire . . . Plagued with economic difficulties, the school re-opened in August of 1859 . . . after a three-year struggle to re-
cover, leaders had to turn to the state for support . . . the school became

MANSFIELD STATE NORMAL SCHOOL (1862-1927). Despite state support, Mansfield continued to face severe financial
difficulties, but through the remarkable leadership of Professor Allen, it gained public recognition for excellence ... in turn,
the school underwent a steady, progressive expansion. During the 1870's, the original North Hall was constructed; during the
80's, the original Alumni Hall and a gym were added; and, during the 90's, North Hall underwent renovation and expansion.
Meanwhile, Mansfield became noted for its programs in education, music, and art ... In 1898, a Mansfield graduate, William
Stone was elected the Governor of Pennsylvania. In the early 1900's, under the leadership of Dr. Andrew Smith, the school ex-
panded its Conservatory Course of Music, focusing particularly on the training of church organist. Programs were also started
in agriculture and business, but eventually they were phased out ... In 1910, the school strengthened its program in teacher-
training after the state adopted a policy of supporting four year courses in the Normal Schools. Then, in 1914, Dr. Straughn
assumed leadership of the institution. He fostered growth through the development of programs in domestic science (home
economics) and manual training. Moreover, he initiated specialization in teacher education. He soon became recognized as an
outstanding leader in the Pennsylvania system of higher education and his reputation enhanced Mansfield's reputation ... By
1927, Mansfield Normal attained collegiate status and became the first state teachers college in Pennsylvania . . .

MANSFIELD STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE (1927-1960). Enrollment slipped during the Great Depression; however, by the
late 30's, the Mansfield campus assumed a forward-looking appearance with the construction of three new buildings — a home
economics/music center, an educational center, and a new gym . . . During the 40's, World War II brought further changes
to the school. With the shortage of male students, intercollegiate sports were temporarily suspended. But, at the same time, fe-
male students gained an opportunity to be more active leaders at Mansfield. Meanwhile, the school broadened its role in edu-
cation when student cadet nursing programs were established with Robert Packer Hospital (Sayre) and Hahnemann Hos-
pital School of Nursing (Scranton) . . . During the post-war years, with the influx of ex-GFs, there was a sharp rise in
enrollment and the traditional teacher-training programs regained popularity. Yet, throughout the 50's, the school steadily
became a multi-purpose institution. In 1960, the institution was renamed

MANSFIELD STATE COLLEGE (1960-1983). During the 60's, Mansfield underwent a dramatic change. The enrollment tripled
from about 1000 to nearly 3000 students; and, by 1970, the institution developed a new identity as a liberal arts institution.
There were many new faculty, new programs, new buildings, and a greater variety of students. In the early 70's, optimistic ad-
ministrators projected that within a decade the institution would grow to about 5000 students but, instead enrollment declined
to about 2500 students ... it then became necessary to retrench faculty from programs that had been expanded only a few
years earlier. Meanwhile, new programs in business administration, computer science, and criminal justice administration be-
came quite popular . . . Despite the problems of the 70's, Mansfield continued to mature as an institution of higher education,
and in 1983 it became

MANSFIELD UNIVERSITY (1983- ). In the fall of 1983, the enrollment reached 2900, the highest since 1975. Under the

newly-appointed, interim-president Rod Kelchner, a strategic planning committee was formed to plan for the future.

1857: Mansfield Classical Seminary

I Ulanslrield K^laisicai S^t

cminart

Kspenina Aanuaru 7} 1857

TERMS AND VACATIONS

Winter Term commences

Jan. 7th, 1857

closes April 8th, 1857

Spring Term commences

April 16th, 1857

closes July 16th, 1857

BOARD OF INSTRUCTORS

Rev. J. R. Jaques, A. B.,

Acting Principal and Prof, of

Math, and Ancient Languages

Rev. T. B. Barker,

Teachers' Department

Mr. H. L. Jaques,

Preceptress and Teacher of

French and German

Miss Ellen Seaver, Assistant

Miss Eleanora Ryman

Teacher of
Ornamental Branches

EXPENSES

Com. Eng. Bran.

(Pr T. of 13 weeks, $1.50

Higher 5.50
Ancient and Modern

Languages 6.50

Drawing and Painting

Music and use of Piano 10.00

Melodeon 8.00
Board, including fuel,

washing and furniture

per week 2.00

Incidentals, (per term) 25

Room Heat, (per week) 12%
Note: Students are required to
arrange their Tuition strictly in
advance.

LOCATION

The Mansfield Classical Sem-
inary is located at Mansfield,
Tioga Co., Pa., upon the line of
the Tioga Rail-Road. No sec-
tion of the State surpasses this
in beauty of scenery, healthful-
ness of climate, and morality of
the community.

BUILDINGS, & c,

The main Edifice is of Brick,
172 feet long, including wings,
all four stories high, suitably
furnished for Boarding, Lodg-
ing, Study, and Recitation. We
have accommodations for board-
ing over 150 Students. The
Principal and Teachers reside
in the Building, and board at
the same table with the Stu-
dents.

Board can be obtained in pri-
vate families at reasonable
rates. Those wishing to board
themselves can obtain rooms in
the village. Students are ad-
mitted at any time during the
Term, but it is desirable that
they should enter during the
first week. Each room for Stu-
dents is furnished with a Bed,
Bedstead, Chairs, Table, Wash-
stand, Stove and Woodbox.
Sheets, Bed-covering and other
articles that may be required
are to be provided by Students.

TRUSTEES

J. S. Hoard, A. Bixby, D. L.
Sherwood, J. B. Clark, P. M.
Clark, P. S. Ripley, L. Beach,
jr., Wm. Manning, J. Hubbell,
R. Videan, jr., G. R. Wilson,
B. M. Bailey, S. B. Elliott, Wm.
Hollands, E. Burley.

VISITORS APPOINTED BY
THE E. G. CONFERENCE,
OF THE M. E. CHURCH

Revs. H. N. Seaver, S. W. Al-
den, W. C. Matteson, C. M.
Gardner, H. Hickok, Porter Mc-
Kinstry, David Nutten, A. Par-
cell, L. L. Rogers, C. Wheeler,
H. Wisner, C. C. Summers, Esq.
D. F. Brown, Esq. Ira P. Ben-
nett, Esq. Hon. E. Dyer, Hon.
Jas. H. Miles.

1857-1870

During the spring of 1854, Mansfield was an unincorpor-
ated hamlet of about 275 people. There were two stores, two
small hotels, two churches, two sawmills, a woolen mill, and
a tannery. Life was generally peaceful, but the tides of change
were in the making. Politically, most of the people were sup-
porting the abolition of slavery and they wanted to curb the
"evil effects" of alcohol. Regarding the economy, they talked
about a local boom with the opening of mines in the Bloss-
burg coal region, and the expansion of lumbering operations
throughout the area. Concerning education, a growing num-
ber felt that public education should be extended to all
citizens.

It was within such a context that Colonel Joseph Hoard
began to promote the idea of establishing the Mansfield Classi-
cal Seminary, and Dr. Joseph Morris agreed to provide some
land upon which to build a seminary. Soon, Rev. H. N. Seaver,
Alvin Gaylord, and others joined them in the endeavor, and
they sought the support of the East Genesee Conference of the
Methodist Episcopal Conference. As proposed, the institution
was to be a stock concern, with shares sold at $50.00 each.
It was agreed that the principal of the school was to be a
member of the church. But, the seminary was not to be a
church or sectarian school.

By August of 1854, a committee from Mansfield solicited
$5,000 and they expected the Conference to pay for the bal-
ance of the. costs. But then they faced their first major prob-
lem. A group from the nearby community of Wellsboro
appealed to the Conference to have the institution established
there instead of in Mansfield. After much debate about the
matter it was finally decided to locate the school in Mansfield.
As described in the Tioga Eagle (November 30, 1854) :

"... The good people of Mansfield had quite a jollification
over the decision to locate the seminary in their community.
Guns were fired, bells rung, and the stove "Mowed" in cele-
bration of the unprecedented victory over the cohorts of
Wellsboro and vicinity."

On December 1, 1854, a charter was procured for the
Mansfield Classical Seminary. When it was incorporated,
some Board members protested against the use of the term

"classical" because as later recalled by Simon Elliott (1905) :

"There was not a classical scholar among them. They had no
more use for the classics then they had for a two-year old
robin's nest. They had no faith in an aristocracy of education."

Nonetheless, the attorney who handled the incorporation in-
sisted on calling Mansfield a "classical" seminary.

The first Board meeting was held February 15, 1855, at
which time plans were adopted for the construction of a four-
story brick building, with a front one hundred feet long and
two wings each running back seventy-eight feet. At the meet-
ing, J. S. Hoard, D. L. Sherwood and Amos Bixby were selected
to supervise the construction. It is noteworthy that this selec-
tion was meant to underscore that the seminary was non-
sectarian. Mr. Hoard was a Methodist; Mr. Sherwood, a Bap-
tist; and Mr. Bixby, a Universalist.

Construction commenced during the spring of 1856, and
the institution steadily took shape. But, due to unforeseen
costs, the trustees had to borrow more funds, and thus go
further into debt. In the meantime, however, the trustees
appointed Reverend J. R. Jacques as the principal and fac-
ulty members were recruited in anticipation of the school's
opening.

Rev. Jacques, a Methodist minister, came to Mansfield
during the summer and was very active in organizing for
the opening of the school. Simon B. Elliott (1905:19) later
described Jacques as follows:

"He was a scholarly man, in a restricted sense of that word
— full of the textbooks and the methods of the schools . . .
Unfortunately he was a little pompous in his manner as sug-
gested by his habit of putting his right hand on his left
breast, under his vest, something very much like an actor
poses on stage. He spoke more in scholastic terms than in
common ones. Once he came before the trustees and requested
that the walk leading from the street to the school building
should be 'bifurcated'. Of the whole board of trustees there
were but two who understood what he wanted. They ex-
plained to the others who then voted to have the walk
'forked'."

The Mansfield Classical Seminary formally opened
January 7, 1857, with 105 students. The second term began
April 16th with 45 additional students, and the school seemed
to be well on its way to success. But then, yet another set-
back. On the morning of April 22nd, a fire destroyed much
of the building. Though uncertain, the fire is believed to have

been due to a defect in the chimney. Fortunately no one was
injured in the fire.

On the morning after the fire, the people of Mansfield
gathered at the Methodist church to decide about the future
of the institution. Their decision was clear. They decided that
despite the setback they would not give up their dream. They
pledged to rebuild the seminary.

COL. JOSEPH HOARD

By September 1857, much of the first floor was rebuilt.
But, due to a national financial panic, two of the insurance
companies did not make payment to the Trustees. As a re-
sult, the Trustees could not pay the contractors, and the con-
tractor ceased to work. The outlook became gloomy.

From the fall of 1857 to the summer of 1858, nothing
more was done at the seminary except to secure the walls
from collapse. Then once again, the optimists persevered.
They organized a community picnic to save the school.

In the History of the Mansfield Normal School (1893),
Elliott noted that actually very little money was raised at the
picnic because many contributions were in labor, board, grain,
provisions, serving, lumber, cattle, and a wide range of in-kind
contributions. Yet despite the lack of cash the Building Com-
mittee resumed its work. A sense of the commitment and
determination of the committee is evidenced in Mr. Elliot's
personal account in the autumn of 1858:

"Mr. Holland looked after making the brick and attended to
such other matters as came to his attention. Mr. Clark took
charge of the finances. How many turns and trades the
Treasurer made Heaven only knows. Without money to do
with, most men would have given up in despair, but he was
just fitted for the work. Honestly and patiently he toiled,
leaving his farm in the care of his family, and the work went
slowly on. Only fifty cents in cash was paid out that summer
and fall for labor, and that was to a chap who came along
and represented that he was a bricklayer. Actually he was not,
and so he was discharged by nine o'clock, and received just
fifty cents."

"All other labor and all materials, except lime and nails,
were paid for in property of some sort, or turns made whereby
subscribers could pay as they had promised. In order to raise
money for lime and nails the lady friends would hold picnics
on the "Island" every few weeks and the proceeds were appro-
priated for that purpose. No one ever complained about furn-
ishing the porvisions, and they were supplied generously. The
other member of the building committee, who was himself a
bricklayer, took some young men with him who never had
experience of much moment — and some none — as brick-
layers, and went to work on the walls. One of those young
men was Capt. A. M. Pitts. Capt. Homer Ripley, now Regis-
ter and Recorder of this county, was one, and Hon. Chas.
Faulkner, of Kansas, another. With so little help and so large a
building one could hardly see at a week's end that anything
had been accomplished. But the walls grew, and by the time
cold weather had set in the remainder of the first, all of the
second, and a goodly portion of the third story were completed.
As 1 look back 3/ years upon that and the next summer's
work, 1 can scarcely realize that three men could have been
found who would undertake such a hopeless task. In an ordin-
ary business view it was folly — more, it was madness. No
money in hand, and but little promsicd; no credit; $8,000 in-
debtedness, and at least from $3,000 to $4,000 more need-
ed than had been subscribed to complete the building, to say
nothing about paying debts. But the scene is vividly before
my eyes. Daily we toiled that and the next year and the walls
climbed slowly upward. Although we could not soon reach
the top most point of the structure, we could always look up

there and sec Faith and Hope on the summit of the completed
work."

By the fall of 1858 the walls were once again secure and
work was suspended until the following spring.

In August 1859, Rev. James Landreth, a Methodist mini-
ster, was chosen to succeed Professor Jacques. He was known
as a feisty individual who lacked tact, but he was respected
as a good teacher and a good organizer. Under his leader-
ship the school re-opened in November with few furnishings
and only the north wing of South Hall completed.

CAPT. HOMER RIPLEY

Troubled times continued to plague the institution dur-
ing the early 1860's. In July 1860, Professor Landreth, feel-
ing very frustrated, resigned as principal and a committee was
assigned to select a replacement. The committee recruited
Professor Edwin Wildman, but then on the day of his meeting
with the Board of Trustees, a member of the selection com-
mittee, Rev. Holt, decided that he, not Professor Wildman

ought to be the principal. And so to Professor Wildman's sur-
prise, he was given a subordinate position. Meanwhile, finan-
cial crises continued and attempts were made to sell the
school at a sheriff's sale.

By 1862, the internal problems of the school were com-
pounded by the external problems of the society. When the
school had started, there were about 6,000 adult males in
Tioga County, and the school hoped to attract some of them,
but during the Civil War, about 2,000 of them enlisted to
fight. Thus, one might better understand the implications of
an advertisement for the Seminary which periodically ap-
peared in the local newspapers at the time. The advertise-
ment read:

"The success of the seminary during these times when the
country's need demands the services of every able-bodied
young man has been beyond the expectations of the most
sanguine of its friends ..."

Interestingly too, the advertisement concluded:

"... all kinds of produce will be taken in payment for
tuition and board at market prices."

Despite the best efforts of the administration, the Sem-
inary continued to be advertised for sale by the sheriff.
In fact, in June 1862, it was actually sold, but the President,
Mr. Cochran, got the sale set aside on technical grounds.

Floundering with failures, on July 2, 1862, the Board of
Trustees decided to make application to the state to have the
seminary declared the State Normal School of the Fifth Dis-
trict. In an effort to impress the examiners, two young women,
Miss F. A. Bixby and Miss Mary Pitts raised funds so that
the unfinished cupola could be finished because they did not
want it to serve as a symbol of the dire financial situation of
the school. Before the fall term the cupola was fully com-
pleted.

By the fall term of 1862, Mansfield seemed the be back
on the road toward recovery. The faculty was expanded from
four to seven members, and course offerings were increased
to include seven foreign languages: Greek, Latin, French,
German, Spanish, Italian, and Hebrew. Nearly 200 students
enrolled, some of whom had to board in town. At the time,
students who were the children of clergymen were granted
half price for tuition. Students who came "from a distance"
had their rooms furnished, but those from "within a few
miles" were required to bring their own furnishings, except
bedstead, table, chairs, washstand, and stove. All students
were expected to bring their own towels, wash-bowl, pitcher,
and mirror.

SHERIFF'S SALE

By virtue of sundry writs oi Levari Facius, Fiori Facius, and
Venditioni Exponas, issued out of the Court of Common
Pleas of Tioga county, Pa., to me directed, will be exposed
to public sale in the Court House in Wellsboro, on Monday
the 25th day of August 1862, at 1 o'clock in the afternoon
the following described property, to wit:

— A lot of land in Mansfield, to wit: beginning at a post
the north west corner hereof and the south east corner of
land of J. P. Morris; thence along the east side of the
Academy street, south 12 degrees, east 359 feet to a post;
thence along land of J. S. Hoard and others, north 78
degrees, east 719 feet to a post; thence along said Morris
land north 21 1/2 degrees, east 364 feet; thence along said
Morris land south 78 degrees, west 659 feet to the place of
beginning — containing between five and six acres, be the
same more or less and described in the plot of the village
of Mansfield as the Seminary lot, all improved, with a brick
Seminary building and some other out buildings thereon. To
be sold as the property of the Mansfield Classical Seminary.

Wellsboro, August 5, 1862

H. STOWELL, JR., Sheriff

Prof. Wildman, Principal

1862: SOUTH HALL

In becoming a Normal School the prospects for mans-
field brightened. Indeed, life at Mansfield once again reflected
an air of great expectation. As described in the Elmira Press
September, 1862) :

"Mansfield is the central object of the popular hope — the
pet institution of the county, the subject upon which
all discords harmonize. No matter how much you differ
with the people in religion, politics, or their private pur-
suits, if you venture a guess against the prosperity of this
institution, you strike a chord that vibrates on the public
breast, and you are at once put upon your defense . . . well
may the people of Mansfield and Tioga County be proud of
their pet institution."

Similarly, the Wellsboro Agitator (December 1862)
noted:

"The citizens of Tioga County and particularly the people of
Mansfield have reason to congratulate themselves upon the
acceptance of the State of their Seminary as one of the State
Normal Schools. The advantages to the educational interests
of the county arising out of this action by the state are so
numerous that we cannot enter upon them . . . Thus success
comes as a just tribute to the energy, self-sacrifice, and untir-
ing zeal of the people of Mansfield . . . The institution now
enters upon a new career of usefulness ..."

Mansfield was the third Normal School in the State follow-
ing the earlier designations of schools at Millersville (then
Millersburg) and Edinboro. It was intended to serve the edu-
cational needs of Bradford, Lycoming, Sullivan, Susquehanna,
Tioga, and Wyoming counties. It was designed to meet the
teacher-training needs of the Commonwealth in accordance
with the Public School Act of 1859.

Reverend Professor Edwin Wildman was the Principal
of the Seminary when it became a Normal School, but in
March he was replaced by Reverend Professor William D.
Taylor. In view of the turmoil at the school during Reverend
Wildman's administration, some people might humorously re-
call 1862 as a change from "a wild man to a normal man."
However, while humor may help the memory, it betrays the
reality. Describing Principal Wildman, Simon B. Elliott
(Mansfield Quarterly, April 1905), recalled:

"In some respects Professor Wildman was made the scapegoat
for others whose schemes were neither commendable, nor just.
Yet there is no doubt that his heart was always with the
school. He was tactful, quiet in manner, a good teacher, and
of rare executive and administrative ability."

Reverend Taylor served as principal when the school
officially opened as a State Normal School in the fall of 1863.

A Methodist minister, he is remembered as "an earnest,
zealous man, whose heart was always in the right place"
(Elliott, 1895). Yet in his administration, despite state
support, the school continued to experience financial difficul-
ties until January 20th of 1864 when the Honorable John
Magee loaned the institution $6,500 to pay the mortgage.

Magee, one of the wealthiest individuals in the region,
was involved with the construction of the Corning-Blossburg
railroad and the opening of the Fallbrook coal field near
Blossburg. He was born of poor Irish immigrants and he had
received very little formal education. Yet, he had a high r&-
gard for the value of education. It should be noted that after
the school had paid about one-half of the loan, Magee in-
formed administrators that it was unnecessary to pay the bal-
ance. At the time, he was terminally ill and it seems that he
felt a special sentiment for Mansfield since it afforded the less
fortunate an opportunity for education. As noted by his biog-
rapher (Howe, 1973:43) :

"Magee had a strong sympathy with those who, like himself,
•were obliged to struggle with privations and to surmount ob-
stacles in the commencement of their careers."

In July 1864, Rev. W. D. Taylor was replaced by Pro-
fessor Fordyce A. Allen. Under Allen's administration, the
school began to prosper. The buildings were fully furnished,
the grounds were graded, and trees were planted. A Model
School for teacher-training was established and the Music
Department became prominent. In 1866, eleven men and three
women received diplomas at the first annual Normal School
Commencement.

By most accounts, the success of the school during the
1860's is attributed to the remarkable leadership of Professor
Allen. In every sense, he met the challenges. As noted by
Elliott (1905):

"The deplorable conditions of things was never a terror to
Professor Allen, and, in fact, rather suited him. He could
bring order out of chaos and make success a part and parcel
of himself, which he did, literally building himself into the
institution. Though not a college graduate, he was an edu-
cated man in the true and full sense of the word, a remarkably
good teacher and with discernment to select good teachers
under him and to see that they did their work well."
"He inspired teachers and students with the same zeal that he
possessed, and lifted the school up to the plane and horizon it
has since maintained."

In honor of Professor Allen, many years later the insti-
tution renamed one of its buildings Allen Hall. It remains so
today.

1866-68: DL jCife of a Student at WantfietJ State fjonnat

One night in haying time I went down to Wellsboro
in a hay wagon to hear Professor F. A. Allen, the principal
of the Mansfield State Normal School, lecture on the benefits
of an education. I went just because it gave me an excuse for
going somewhere. I had heard people advocate the ben-
efits of an education, and they did not interest me, but I had
never heard Professor Allen lecture. From the first, he held
my attention and interest. He closed by saying that want of
money should not prevent anyone from obtaining an educa-
tion. He said one could be had at the Normal School, and if
there was any young man or woman there who wanted an
education and had no money, they could come to his room
at the hotel the next morning and he would show them how-
to get it without money. I was much impressed with what the
professor said.

The next morning I got up early and walked to Wells-
boro and called upon Professor Allen. I was the only caller.
I told him I wanted to know how I could go through Normal
School without money. He asked me a number of questions.
The result was that when the Normal School opened in
September I was one of the students.

During the first year I swept the halls and attended to
the fires in the building for my board and tuition. The second
year, finding my duties interfered too much with my studies,
the professor took a note for board and tuition. I graduated
in June, 1868, but what a time I had.

I would not have stayed there a week if it had not been
for Alice Landis, a girl at the Wellsboro Academy I had learn-
ed to like. She was of superior mind and a splendid scholar.
I had great admiration and respect for her. She wrote me
such letters of encouragement that I would have been
ashamed to quit and have her say, "I was afraid you
were a quitter. Well, there is no use of your trying any-
more. Go back to the farm and forget ft." And so I hung on
and worked. At first my work did not seem to do a bit of
good. I could not or did not acquire the lessons, but I got a
letter from Alice every day and I kept at it. After a while I
found that to acquire anything I had to empty my mind and

thoughts of everything else; that one could not fill a pitcher
that was already full; that to fill it with milk you must first
pour the water out; and so I gradually began to learn how
to learn. I got over the idea of "What's the use of knowing
Latin when no one in the world speaks it?" I grew to realize
that the studies were to discipline the mind, as a drill discip-
lines the soldier.

I became quite a good student, thanks to Alice Landis.
We were not in love ; neither of us expected to marry the
other, but she was a natural missionary and she saw in me a
first-class heathen. At one point, I joined a philosophy class
taught by Professor Allen. In it, were 20 other young men and
women, among them Leonard Austin. There were not books
enough to supply each student the first day, Professor Allen
distributed what he had and told us to borrow from each other.
We were to meet the next day to recite. "Wells' Natural
Philosophy" was the text-book used. The professor began
at the head of the class and asked questions. He asked Austin:
"What is natural physics?" Austin arose and blandly said,
"Professor, I had no book, but I think I can answer that ques-
tion." "Very well," said the professor, "What is natural
physics?" "Salts, pills and castor oil," said Austin with evi-
dent confidence that he had answered the question correctly.
After the laughter had quieted and Austin saw his mistake,
he asked to be excused from further attendance on the class
that day.

I found many congenial spirits among the students at
Mansfield: A. D. Wright, Ben Van Dusen, George Doane,
Harry Jones, Jim McKay, Francis Wright, Lizzie Hill, Fannie
Climenson, Sue Crandall, Ezra B. Young and many others.
I formed a very strong friendship for Jim McKay. He was a
farmer's son from Delaware County. We roomed together
and slept in the same bed. Our bedrooms were all on the third
floor and the study and recitation rooms were on the first and
second floors. The chapel was on the second floor. The kitchen,
dining-room and store rooms were on the first floor. There
was only one building then. This was divided by a partition,
the girls occupying the east half and the boys the west half
of the study and sleeping rooms. Our sleeping rooms opened

into a large central room called the morgue. We had to pass
through this room to get to our sleeping rooms. There was
only one door into it from the landing at the head of the stairs.
Our board was cheap in price, quantity and quality.

At each table in the dining room, a boy would be
seated with a girl to teach him manners. Professor Allen
allotted the seats. There were about ten persons at each table,
and we were a very happy family. Many friendships formed
in the dining-room grew into courtships and subsequently
ripened into marriage. The teachers, Professors Allen, Streit,
Verrill, Jones, Miss Conard, Miss Biggs, and the preceptress,
Mrs. Petercilia, were all very efficient and kind. Mrs. Peter-
cilia was a widow. She had taken a degree at a homeopathic
college of medicine and was our doctor as well as our teacher
in some branches. She was a short, quick, snappy woman,
and looked as if it pained her when she smiled. She was
strong on decorum and propriety, and a good chaperon from
a parental view, but unpopular with the girls. She had no
humor and always wore little corkscrew curls on each side of
her head and admitted the age of thirty. She could not have
been more than fifty. Probably much nearer that than thirty.

There were about two hundred students, half of whom
were girls. Mansfield was a healthy place, but there were
always some students sick. At one time, Jim McKay and I ate
too many buckwheat cakes, our principal bread-food, and too
much dried applesauce, our principal dessert, and we devel-
oped an itchy trouble. From home experience we thought we
recognized it, so we didn't consult Dr. Petercilia. We were both
allopathists and doubted that homeopathy had any remedy for
our complaint. Besides, we had full faith in an ointment which
our mothers made out of brimstone, turpentine, red precipi-
tate, rosin, lard and other things not palatable or fragrant.
I never knew the pharmacy name for it, but it was called at
home and in the neighborhood where it was popular "Itch
Ointment." It was rubbed pretty fully over the skin, in a hot
room, and would surely rout the itch and other members of
the family. It was all right when two only slept in a room
and both had it, but if only one had it he had to have a room
alone. We both wrote home to our mothers for some of this
ointment. We soon got over our scratches and forgot all about
the ointment.

At Christmas time Jim's mother sent him a box of
a number of good things to eat. There were a roast turkey,

two roast chickens, mince pies, pies of several kinds, bread,
butter, cake and several kinds of jelly in little cups and jars
with brown paper tied around their tops. Anyway, Mrs.
Petercilia announced one morning at chapel that Mr. Angle
was on the road to recovery from typhoid fever, but was very
weak; that if any students had any little delicacies from home
for him, they would be acceptable. After chapel was over Jim
fished out of the box two or three jars of jelly and we took
them up to Angle. Mrs. Petercilia opened the door of his
room to our quiet knock. There lay poor Angle on his back
with a face as white as a sheet. He could just recognize us
by a look. Jim handed Mrs. Petercilia the jars. She tore off
the paper cover of one and put some of the contents on the
end of a case-knife. Angle opened his mouth and she gave
it to him. Soon his face showed great distress and disgust.
Mrs. Petercilia seized the jar and said, "What is that?" Jim
looked at the jar, when he too showed great surprise, exclaim-
ing, "By thunder, that is my itch ointment!" She reported us
to the faculty, but we being guilty of no evil intent, and Angle
surviving the incident, we were only cautioned to be very
careful in the future; but for some time after that when Mrs.
Petercilia saw us her nose turned up just a trifle.

Dried apple dessert came every night at dinner about six
o'clock. A teacher or some trusted monitor of the faculty sat
at the head of the table. We could say nothing, but if looks
would have soured apple-sauce, there would have been a
break in the vinegar market. It was talked about in our
rooms. Something had to be done. It was not Professor Al-
len's fault; the trustees furnished the food. They had bought
up all of the dried apples in the vicinity and they had to feed
them to somebody. The third floor was reached by a long,
wide stairway, starting just at Professor Verrill's door, and
he was in charge of the boys, who were responsible to him for
their conduct. There was an outside rail to the stairs. When
he heard a racket on the third floor he would slip his feet into
a pair of carpet slippers and step softly up-stairs in his night-
shirt without any light, guiding his steps by his hand on the
stair-rail. He could be among us before we knew it, and some
thought it was not fair and that we should have some notice
of his approach. Besides, he was not liked very much. He had
red hair and was too popular on the other side of the build-
ing, and he and the applesauce were our principal grounds
of grievance.

It was Jim McKay's fertile mind that relieved the

1866: PROFESSOR ALLEN
AND THE FIRST GRADUATION CLASS

difficulty. He and several other daring spirits went down
into the kitchen after midnight. They found a tin clothes boil-
er two-thirds full of the applesauce. They quietly brought it
up-stairs and smeared the stair-rail with it, leaving the tin
boiler on the stairs about two-thirds of the way up. Then
they went up to the third floor and started a noisy row. Out
came Verrill and started on his mission of investigation. He
got up as far as the tin boiler when he fell over it and rolled
and tumbled with it to the foot of the stairs. Hearing the
noise, we ran down to light the lamp and help him. He was
a pretty sight. His red hair, which was thought so pretty by
the other side of the house, and his whiskers were full of
applesauce, as was his nightshirt. He had fallen on the boiler
and flattened it. He was not hurt much, but he was mad, and
went into his room and slammed the door. Outside of his
room the verdict of satisfaction was unanimous. Verrill was
a proud, haughty high-stepper, and we knew there would be
a prompt investigation. We held a whispered consultation in
which secrecy and "never tell" were pledged. Fortunately,
no one but the criminals knew who were in it.

Next morning at chapel after the girls had been dismissed,
the courtmartial began. Prof. Allen in a grave, sad voice, ad-
dressed us and said the outrage to Prof. Verrill was one that
could not be overlooked. The perpetrator must be punshed.
He hated to lose Prof. Verrill, for he was a good teacher. He
appealed to our patriotism, our manhood and everything else
that he thought would influence us, but there was no response.
He then asked that all who did not have a hand in the affair
rise. We all stood up. He then asked that any one who knew
anything about it rise. No one got up. We had been through
this fire drill before. He then turned to Professor Verrill, who
sat there, his hair and eyes snapping with anger. He jumped
up and said, "Professor Allen has appealed to your patriotism
and manhood, I will appeal to your cupidity." He took a ten
dollar bill out of his pocket and said, "I will name a person
who had a hand in this outrage." After a pause Roll Moore
slowly got up. There were six pairs of eyes that looked dag-
gers at him. He was the one who smeared the applesauce on
the stair-rail. He said, "Professor, my mother is a poor wom-
an. She works hard to send me to school. I have never earned
anything to help her. Ten dollars would be of great help to
her. I know who had a hand in this outrage." "Name him,"
said Verrill. Moore stepped up to the platform and Professor
Verrill gave him the money. "Name him," cried Verrill.
"Well," says Moore, "from all accounts. Professor, I think that
you had a hand in it." We were hastily dismissed.

For several days there were frequent sessions of faculty.
Then one morning Prof. Allen said nothing would come by pub-
licity. It would probably embarrass Professor Verrill more to
have the story get out than to have the parties punished, and
said that if we would promise to say nothing about it, the mat-
ter would be dropped. We all readily promised by a unani-
mous vote. Roll Moore kept the money. Verrill never asked
him to return it. There was nothing yellow about Verrill. He
just had red hair with all its accompaniments. He was a good
teacher — a very good mathematician.

PROFESSOR CHARLES VERRILL

When spring came and the nights were warm Professor
Verrill would move his bed up to the third story and put it in
front of the open door leading into the morgue. The boys
could not get under it and could not get over it without waken-
ing him. There was a large black cat that Professor Verrill
fed and protected, and because of this she probably needed
more protection. Jim McKay got four large walnuts and dug
out the meat and shell inside through holes in the tops, and
with strings fastened them on the cat's feet and smuggled her
into our bedroom. There were no carpets on the morgue floor,
stairs or halls. About midnight he let her go. As usual, she
went straight to Professor Verrill. Her feet with the dry shells

on the hard wood floors made as much noise as a running
horse. She sprang on Professor Verrill and he, not knowing
what it was, yelled out in fright. She sprang on to the floor
on the other side through the open door and went thumping
down the stairs. The noise wakened all the boys, who started
in pursuit of her, Verrill and Jim leading the search. They
chased the noise down the stairs, across the hall, down the
lower stairs and through the halls. She was black and it was
dark. They could not see her, but the noise and clatter were
great. After much chasing they caught her, got a light and
found the walnuts on her feet. The whole school was aroused.
The girls were peeping down the stairs from their side, and it
was some time before the house was quiet There was much
quiet inquiry, but only Jim and I knew and we did not tell.
The cat never could be coaxed into our room again. She would
always look at her feet and raise her hair when she saw Jim.

In 1867, George Rexford came to the school. He
had lost a leg in the army, amputated. far above the knee. He
hobbled around on one crutch, and on the bare floors he made
a good deal of noise that was especially annoying to a nervous
man like Verrill. Rexford was a good, natural, fun-loving soul
and it amused him to see Verrill annoyed at him. Verrill had
married during the vacation. His wife was consumptive, and
her father was rich. One day Rexford lost his balance going
down the stairs and stumbled and rolled, landing on his back
in front of Verrill's room. Verrill rushed out and seeing Rex-
ford there said, "Rexford, what on earth do you want?" Rex-
ford grinned and said, "I want to marry a rich man's daughter
with a bad cough." Unfortunately Verrill's wife lived only a
year or two after their marriage. Verrill never got any of her
father's wealth, never expected nor asked for any of it.

At commencement in June, 1868, I was one of the
students selected to deliver an address. I chose Thaddeus
Stevens for my subject. I admired him for the great service
that he had rendered the country in his support of Lincoln in
Congress. I do not remember much about the address, but I
do remember that I was criticised and ridiculed by the local
Democratic newspapers. Probably justly. My public utter-
ances were very crude affairs in those days."

Editor's Note: The student, William Stone, became
the Governor of Pennsylvania in 1898. The account
is an excerpt from Stone's autobiography, The Tale
of A Plain Man. (Philadelphia: Winston Co., 1918)

On February 16, 1869, Professor Allen resigned and Pro-
fessor J. T. Streit was appointed to succeed him. But, due to
illness, Professor Streit never assumed the role of principal.
Instead, Professor C. H. Verrill became principal. Elliott
(1905) recalled:

"Professor Verrill was a thorough and ardent teacher. Few
ever surpassed him in the classroom. Somewhat impulsive, but
with a generous heart, an earnest purpose, unflinching integ-
rity, a warm friend of the school. I came to forget his im-
petuous nature and look upon him with a warm and lasting
regard."

During this period of time the entire school was located
in South Hall. It was a custom to hold chapel exercises both
in the morning and the evening at which time a wide range
of topics were discussed. Many of the students were experi-
enced teachers who had come to improve their skills and thus
they were older than the typical students of today. The courses
strongly emphasized mathematics; however, as indicated in
the 1869 catalog: "Ladies may be permitted to substitute for
mathematics courses for an equivalent amount of language
courses."

The school year consisted of forty-two weeks. Upon com-
pletion of their program, students were required to pass an
examination on the entire course at one time. Commence-
ments were originally held in the school chapel, but when the
classes grew larger they were held either in the Methodist
Church or at Smythe Park. For the first few years each mem-
ber of the graduating class was required to write and deliver
an original essay or oration, but when the classes grew larger
the presentations were reserved for speakers selected by the
faculty.

During the 1870's the school continued its steady growth
as Mansfield gained the reputation of being quite strict. In
1870, local prohibitionists successfully enacted a law prohibit-
ing the sale of intoxicating beverages within two miles of the
Normal School. Then, in 1873, the Pennsylvania Act 271 was
passed, stipulating: "The keeping of billiard rooms, bowling
saloons, and tenpin alleys within two miles of the state Normal
School at Mansfield is prohibited." (The act was not formally
repealed until November 9, 1959.)

In the school catalogs of the 1870's, parents were re-
quested not to send children who had "bad habits." At the
same time, too, they were assured that "Every care would be
taken to remove temptations to wrong doing." Visitations
were restricted to recreation hours because it was felt that
they would interfere with studying.

PENNSYLVANIA ACT 271
(Passed March 12, 1873)

"The keeping of billiard rooms,
bowling saloons, and tenpin alleys
within two miles of the State Nor-
mal School at Mansfield in the
county of Tioga is strictly pro-
hibited."

In 1871, graduates formed the Alumni Association.
The stated purpose of the organization was "to encourage and
foster the spirit of friendship among graduates." Two years
later, in 1873, Rev. Jason Fradenburg, Ph. D., was appointed
Principal. Dr. Fradenburg was known as a very kind individ-
ual, greatly respected for his wide range of knowledge. As
later described by J. C. Doane (1905), "In his dealings with
refractory students, Professor Fradenburg so tempered justice
with mercy that offenders often became his most devoted
friends." Under Dr. Fradenburg's leadership, the original
North Hall was built and enrollment expanded.

In September 1875, Professor Charles Verrill was elected
principal for a second time. Then, two years later, Allen re-
turned to assume leadership until his untimely death on Feb-
ruary 11, 1880. During the remainder of that year, Professor
Joseph Doane served as principal.

1870's: RULES

PROFESSOR JASON FRADENBURG

1. Students boarding in the building are requested to pro-
vide themselves with slippers.

2. The hours regularly assigned to study are to be faith-
fully devoted to the preparation of the exercises re-
quired.

3. All students are requested to attend the morning and
evening Chapel exercises; the evening Chapel exercises,
however, are voluntary on the part of those who do not
board in the Normal Building.

4. The study hours during the years are as follows: A. M.,
■ 8 to 12; P.M., 1% to 4y2, and from Evening Chapel

(7 o'clock) till 9%. The retiring hour is 9% in the
evening.

5. The Superintendent will visit each room, at least once a
week, and if damaged, it may be repaired, or, if un-
necessarily dirty, it may be cleansed at the expense of
the occupant.

6. No water, dirt, or other material may be thrown from
the windows.

7. Students are not allowed to visit one another's rooms
during the regular hours of study, and no change of
rooms must take place without permission from the
Principal.

8. Each student of Music on the Piano or Melodeon will
have regular hours assigned for practice, during which
time no spectator must be present to interrupt the exer-
cises or divert the attention.

9. All students who are tardy, unnecessarily, at meals,
must forfeit them; all must conduct themselves at table
in a becoming and orderly manner, and no one must
leave before the rest without good reason and permission
from the lady sitting at the head of the table. Any stu-
dent sick or indisposed, and requiring attention, must
have himself reported to the Matron, and he will be
waited upon in his room.

10. It is expected that the ladies and gentlemen of the Insti-
stitution will treat one another with politeness, but they
will not be allowed to assemble in the Chapel, Recitation
Rooms or Halls, during Recreation hours, for conversa-
tion, except at stated times when permission is given to
assemble in the Chapel. At the close of evening lectures
or Society meetingSj all will repair immediately to their
respective rooms. Neither sex will be expected to tres-
pass upon that portion of the building assigned to the
other.

11. Students will not visit the dining room, at any other
time than meal time, the wash room, kitchen or the
music rooms without permission.

12. Loud talking, whistling, scuffling, etc., in the building
are prohibited. Pupils violating this rule will forfeit
their rooms.

13. The use of tobacco, in any form, is strictly prohibited
in the building.

Source: MSNS Catalogs, 1870-79

1874: DEDICATION OF NORTH HALL

President Ulysses S. Grant Sends Congratulations

The dedication of North Hall awakened much
interest, not only in Mansfield, but throughout the
entire county and adjoining counties, which were
well represented in the large throng that winded its
way to the Normal. The Mansfield Comet Band and
the Orphan Band went to the train and escorted the
visitors up town. At the corner of Main and Wells-
boro streets the two bands consolidated, and marched
to the Normal grounds to the tune of "Red, White
and Blue," followed by a procession of visitors and
citizens.

The new building is a most imposing structure,
and in its prominence is truly an ornament to the
village and a credit to the energy and perserver-
ence of the trustees.

Prof. V. R. Pratt then read a letter at the dedi-
cation from President Ulysses Grant, who regrets
he could not attend. Afterward, the assemblage ad-
journed to the dining hall of the new building,
where the tables were arranged for dinner, and
presented a most pleasing and tempting sight. Flow-
ers, pyramids of cake, chicken pie, and hosts of
other good things graced the tables, and gave evi-
dence of the energy and excellent taste of the ladies
who had the superintendence of those matters. —
Hundreds after hundreds of the hungry multitude
were fed, and the untiring refreshment committee
still had something left.

The school opened last Wednesday under the
most encouraging circumstances and with the bright-
est prospects for a prosperous and glorious future."

Source: Wellsboro Agitator

September 11, 1874

1880'SI Reasons to Mend WantfielJ State Tjormal

ATTRACTIONS OF OUR TOWN

It is conceded by all who are acquainted with Mansfield,
that it is one of the most moral and cultured towns in Penn-
sylvania. The citizens are noted for their sobriety, intelligence
and enterprise.

There is not a town in the State where the young are less
exposed to the influences of vice and immorality than here.

By a special act of the Legislature no intoxicating liquors
can be sold or billiard tables kept within a radius of two miles
of this institution.

The healthfulness of the place is excellent, and the scen-
ery and beauty of surroundings unsurpassed.

These are desirable features and will be a great induce-
ment for parents to send their children to Mansfield State
Normal School, where their moral and intellectual wants will
be equally well cared for.

Here is located the Soldiers' Orphan School, and also
Prof. F. M. Allen's Commercial College, which has recently
been opened and gives great promise of success and usefulness.

IMPROVEMENTS

Over $3000 has been expended upon improvements
furniture, library and apparatus, and as much more will be
expended the coming year.

It is the design of the Trustees to make the State Normal
School a first-class institution in every particular, and they
will spare no pains in their efforts to keep the school fully up
to the high standing and reputation which it has hitherto
maintained.

GOVERNMENT

The government of the School is based upon the prin-
ciple, "Do right because it is right."

Special efforts are made to secure obedience to regula-
tions by the cultivation among our pupils of a high sense of
honor.

The positive regulations adopted are based upon the fol-
lowing principles:

1st. No student should be allowed to trespass upon the
rights and privileges of another.

2d. Privileges that all cannot enjoy, should be granted
to none.

If pupils are not doing well, either through indolence,
negligence, or otherwise, their parents or guardians will be
informed of it.

The Kind of Students We Accept

It is the determination to make this Institution a place
where Students are taught correct moral principles, and where
thoroughness and steady progress are prominent features.
Therefore we desire Students only who come to us with the
following definite purposes:

1st. To make school duties their chief business.

2d. To give their whole time and energy, during study
hours, to school work.

3d. To cultivate a teachable spirit and cheerfully ac-
quiesce in all the regulations and requirements of the school.

The Kind of Students We Do Not Accept

1st. Those who come here to spend their money and idle
away their time.

2d. Those who have "fast" habits and who come here
simply because they cannot bear the restraints of home.

3d. Those who are unwilling to practice the self denial
necessary for their own improvement, and for the general
good of the school.

General Remarks

If those desiring to enter the school are not prepared to
make any sacrifices, to make study the first and only aim while
here, to work diligently and faithfully, to be honest in all
things, they should go anywhere but to a Normal School.

The Normal School is intended to be a self governing
institution. The persons to whom it offers decided advan-
tages, must of necessity be those who will understand what
is requisite, in order that the largest return may be received
by them for their outlay of time and money. If any, through
inadvertency, give evidence that they have mistaken the school
in this respect, there will be no hesitancy in granting them a
perpetual furlough.

Parents and guardians are earnestly reminded that under
the most favorable circumstances, students who board out of
the building cannot make as satisfactory progress as those who
are under the immediate supervision of the school authorities.

Source: The Normal Catalog, 1880-81

1880-1889

Left to right, seated — Dr. Dennison Thomas, Professor
Winfield Scott Hulslander and Professor Joseph Ewing.
Standing — Professor William Cramer and Professor
William Thoburn.

Under the leadership of Dr. Dennison Thomas, Mansfield
underwent rapid expansion during the 1880's. Described as
"a thorough scholar, a good financer, and a builder of excep-
tional executive ability," Thomas was determined to improve
the school's standing as an academic institution, and thus to
attract more students. He succeeded: in 1880, there were 30
graduates; ten years later, in 1890, there were 97 graduates.

Coinciding with the enrollment increase, a major con-
struction program was undertaken to provide appropriate ac-
commodations. In 1883 construction started on Alumni Hall
and two years later it was completed. It included an auditor-
ium and numerous classrooms. The auditorium was the set-
ting for a wide variety of lectures and cultural events. The
classrooms provided space for the Training School that was
expanded to accommodate more students. In the early 1880's,
the School consisted of students 8 to 14 years old crowded
into five grades. But in 1886, the age range was changed
to include students 6 to 16 years old, and it was divided into
eleven grades.

Most of the students who attended Mansfield during the
80's were from the local area and they were interested in be-
coming teachers in the Common Schools of Pennsylvania. At
the time, if a student expressed an intention to teach in the
Common Schools upon graduation, the student received 60
cents /week while attending school. Upon graduating, the
student received an additional $50.00 grant if he or she signed
a contract to teach for two full years in a Common School.
Besides teacher training, at this time there was also a growth
of enrollment in the expanded Music Department, the newly
formed Art Department, and the college preparatory program.

Throughout the 1880's, the school attempted to raise its
standards for admission. Advertisements made it quite explicit
that prospective students were not wanted "if they were un-
willing to practice the self-denial necessary for their own im-
provement and for the general good of the school." Parents
and guardians were assured that if their child attended the
Normal School at Mansfield, they would be living in a virtuous
atmosphere. Moreover, hinting that many other schools were
located amidst urban decadence, the school advertisements ex-
tolled the virtues of Mansfield. As pointed out in one adver-
tisement: "There is not a town in the state where the young
are less exposed to the influences of vice and immorality. It

is conceded by all who are acquainted with
Mansfield that it is one of the most moral and
cultured towns in Pennsylvania. The citizens
are noted for their sobriety, intelligence, and
enterprise."

"Precision" and "discipline" were the key
words describing academic and social life. For
example, careful penmanship was strongly em-
phasized, and all students were required to
study drawing at last 40 minutes/day for 28
weeks in order to acquire what the school then
defined as a "necessary" skill. Music students
were "strictly prohibited" from practicing either
vocal or instrumental music other than that
classified within the grade of their program of
study. And, it was stressed that "pupils are not
permitted to visit music rooms or to receive visits
during the specified practice hours."

In 1880, a Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion (YMCA) was organized and six years later,
a YWCA. At this time, the associations domin-
ated much of the social life of students. Com-
mencement Week was the major event of the
year. The week usually opened on Sunday
when an invited minister preached a special
sermon to all the graduates. On Monday, the
Junior Class presented a program. Tuesday,
which was called Class Day, usually entailed
listening to a series of addresses: the class his-
tory, class poem, prophecy, and so forth. In the
evening, entertainment was provided by the Lit-
erary Societies. On Wednesday, the Alumni
Association conducted a program. And then,
on Thursday, graduation exercises were held.
Usually, the exercises lasted about four hours.
The gentlemen were dressed in dark clothing
while the ladies were attired in white. Each
"lady student" also wore a bouquet of red roses.
Essays were read by ten to fifteen selected
students.

Coinciding with the construction of a gym-
nasium, in 1895, a Military Company was organ-
ized for the males, and later one was organized
for the females. Both companies were very
active. Their frequent drills seemed to rein-
force the atmosphere of discipline and sobriety
which characterized the campus during the 80's.

AMANDA'S DIARY

1883

Jan. 2 — Finds me at Mansfield
going to school. Nora Raker, Claire
Brown and myself went down to
the art gallery and got our pictures
taken. It is very cold.

Jan. 23 — I received four notes
from Harvey in Philosophy class.
I think he is just OK.

Jan. 27 — There was a sociable
in the Literary room tonight. I
had a fine time.

Jan. 30 — Very bad going. I
got my papers in grammar got
88%. Very bad marking. I am
awful hungry for Friday night to
come. There was a Temperance
Lecture. I went with Mattie
Doane.

Feb. 6 — Another of Mrs. War-
ren's children is dead. This makes
three that have died out of a fam-
ily of six.

Feb. 14 — Very nice today. Just
too nice to stay in that old chapel
prison. I got a comic valentine
from name unknown.

Feb. 17 — Tonight is the night
of all nights. The U. K. S. held an
entertainment. Johnnie Fuller took
Claire and she is as happy as a
flower that sips the morning dew.

Feb. 18 — I received a note from
asking me to go to an enter-
tainment. I refused because he is
so homely. That is wicked but it is
true. Poor boy. It pleases me some
to think of the mittens worn by the
Normal boys in general.

Mar. 14 — 1 am just as mad as
myself can be at Nora for letting
Frank kiss her on the stairs. I
think it's mean for I want her to
go with Wiley.

Mar. 1 8 — Nora and I did a big
washing the first we ever did. We
had 63 pieces to wash.

Mar. 20 — More new students
came today. Among them Miss
Shaff is the most countrified child.

Mar. 21 — More new students.
They look as if they came off the
same piece. I got $3 from home.
We are expecting another girl from
Potter Country. Are anxiously
awaiting to see what kind of a look-
ing thing she is.

Mar. 23 — Miss Woodruff
changed our seats in chapel. I sit
alone by the window. Went to the
train to meet Miss Hendrix who is
to board here. She is awful prissie.

Mar. 27 — Mr. B. of Normalite
has gone crazy.

Apr. 7 — Tonight Miss H got
some maple syrup and we sugared
off. There is a lot of measles and
now some mumps. Had a lecture
today by Prof. Thomas — subject
girls and boys sitting together in
Society.

Apr. 1 1 — Very warm today.
Everyone had a summer hat on. I
went walking with Frankie up by
the "Rose Terrace".

Apr. 27 — Mr. Alex Nelson
came here to board. He is awful
cute.

May 13 — Alex Nelson brought
us a pineapple tonight and we ate
it until our mouths swelled up.

May 17 — Anna Dunsmore and
Mr. Espry taught today. We draw
from a pile of cards and the one
that is drawn has to teach for 10
min. and he draws for the next
teacher.

May 18 — Things very pleasant
until 11:20 this AM when I went
over to the Model School and my
name was called. I got up nearly
frightened to death and taught.
Miss Sperry said she did not think
I did know so much. I guess I will
go out teaching for a living. I got
marked 90%.

May 31 — Tonite seniors are all
through. All passed — a class of
35.

June 1 1 — We played croquet
this afternoon. Leonard passed me
a note asking me to go on an ex-
cursion to Babbs Creek. I guess I
will go.

June 12 — We started to Babb's
Creek at 9:30 in two special cars.
It is 28 miles. We had a splendid
time. I wore my "crushed straw-
berry" hat and it was a hit.

June 17 — Owen and I went
walking down past the mill.

June 18 — I skipped algebra ex-
am today and played croquet. I got
a new fan. Very pretty.

June 28 — Any person reading
my diary can tell I have a new
bottle of green ink also a new stub
pen all the style now.

(End of term)

1884

Aug. 30 — School commences at
Mansfield today. It rained awfully.

Sept. 13 — Tonight I had a
quite a chat with Ellwood Clark.
He is just from New York City and
I think he is just too exclusive for
nothing. O I am perfectly gone but
I don't believe it will last long as
such passion never does last very
long.

Sept. 14 — I saw Ellwood again
tonight up at the croquet ground
and I am gone completely I have

surely got an attack of the grand
passion this time sure but the sad
part is "he is not gone". It is just
my confounded luck.

Sept 21 — My birthday. I am
17 years old. Also 2nd day of the
Mansfield Fair. Pa brought over his
oxen. We had a boss time. Came
across Ellwood about 3 o'clock.
Frank treated us to grapes, Ellwood
to peanuts and chocolate drops. "O
I tell you".

Sept. 22 — Last day of the Fair.
Ellwood and I had a boss time.
Mansfield came out ahead in the
ball game and they got $40 and a
silver ball.

Oct. 2 — I sent a letter to Nora
this morning for .02 — the first
one I ever sent for that as the law
went into effect today.

Oct. 5 — Luella Howe was up
to school today. Had "taffy on a
knitting needle" in Latin class.

Oct. 12 — Examinations today.
Ellwood gave me a V cent piece
for a pocket piece. "O I tell you."

Oct. 14 — This morning Ell-
wood gave me a pearl-handled
pocket knife. I got my Algebra
paper 98% Arith 70% Didactics
100% Spelling 100% LATIN
67%.

Oct. 15 — Mr. J., Ellwood's
uncle, died of delirium tremens. He
said to his wife before he was taken
sick "Goodbye, Emily, I am going
to start for Hell and will get there
Saturday" and now he is dead.

Oct. 25 — Went through the
clothes-pin factory.

Nov. 19 — Went to the Metho-
dist Church with Ellwood. I felt
like I was pie when I went in. I
never went to church with a boy
before.

Dec. 20 — Tonight Ellwood and
I went to the Boro school enter-

1880's: A MANSFIELD ROMANCE. Amanda Voorhees
and Ellwood Clark.

tainment. Nora and Foster Bush
went along. I am awfully mashed
on Foster. Gone, gonner, gonnest.
If he was about 12 inches taller I
would not or could not say that
my heart was my own. I don't like
Ellwood one bit.

Dec. 21 — It snowed and snow-
ed and everyone is having a ride but
Nora and me. Ah! Me! My sons
will be furnished with a horse and
cutter and be made to take girls
riding and don't you forget it.

Dec. 22 — Today school ad-
journs. Tonight there was a perfect

jam down at the depot. I went
sleigh riding with Ellwood — we
went almost to Covington over to
Mainesburg and so around home.

Dec. 2 3 — Ellwood gave me a
lovely Christmas card. There are
8 girls and 6 boys left at school.

Dec. 24 — Pa came after me at
4 o'clock. We got home at 8:30.

(Unfortunately if Amanda kept
a diary after this one, it has since
been lost. But love conquered all
and Amanda and Ellwood were
married on July 3, 1887 in Pine
City, N. Y.)

"""MFfAtfu

Construction of Alumni Hall

1886: STUDENT EXAMINATION IN ALUMNI HALL

1888: New Gymnasium

It included a large drill hall for teaching students military discipline.

1888: Mansfield's First Band

looU S! C*xpan&ion of rr/uiic ^Department
(new three-year course)

A three year's course will be necessary to obtain
a diploma in the Department of Instrumental Music
at this school.

1. No diploma will be granted unless the pupil
is able to execute with taste and expression at least
two pieces of the works of some standard author, as
taught during the course.

2. The pupil must be able to read at sight a
piece of music of moderate difficulty.

3. The pupil must also pass a satisfactory ex-
amination in the Theory of Music and the Study of
Harmony.

The following studies have been selected to con-
stitute a three years' course:

Lebert & Stark
Richardson or Bertini's

Theoretical and Practical Piano Schools
Plaidy's Five Finger Exercise
Czerny's Etudies re la Velocite, book 1, 2, 3
Loeschhorn Studies, bood 1, 2, 3
Cramer's Fifty Select Studies
Clement's Gradus ad Parnassum
S. Bach's Inventions
Kuhlan's dementis Sonatinas
Mozart's and Haydn's Sonatas
Mendelssohn's Songs Without Words
Mendelssohn's Capricciosas
R. Schumann's Novellettes
Weber's Compositions
Beethoven's Sonatas; also pieces by
F. Shubert, A. Rubenstein, J. Raff,

M. Mosakowski, A. Jansen, A. Joseffy,

F. Liszt

A SCHOLARSHIP IN MUSIC

Will be founded in the coming year, for which
all persons, studiously inclined, and possessing talent
and love for this art, may compete.

Each applicant will be required to pass:

1st. A satisfactory examination in the rudi-
ments.

2d. In the Theory of Music.

3d. In reading at sight a piece of music, select-
ed by the Examining Committee, and

4th. To play a piece of his or her own selection
either from note or memory.

To pass a satisfactory examination in No. 4, the
following important points will be taken into con-
sideration, viz:

a. Position

b. Execution

c. Expression

The Examining Committee will consist of:
W. S. Hulslander

Prof. Wm. Cramer, Director of Music
Miss Libbie S. Shepard

All applicants will please appear at the Music
Room of the State Normal School, August 29, 1883,
between the hours of 2 and 5 p.m.

Applicants who pass a satisfactory examina-
tion, as required by the term of scholarship, will be
entitled to free tuition in music in this Institution for
one year.

Pupils are not permitted to practice either vocal
or instrumental music which is beyond their grade
of prociency.

Free advantages to all students to entertain-
ments in vocal or instrumental music.

A Certificate of Proficiency is given after a
satisfactory examination upon certain special studies
— Piano, Organ, Singing, or Theory of Music.

For further particulars, address Prof. Wm.
Cramer.

1889: South Hall Remodeled

In 1889 the building was enlarged and
remodeled. The third and fourth floors
were used as dormitories, the young ladies
occupying the right or south side and the
opposite sex the opposite side. An effec-
tive partition separated the two halls. An
additional set of rooms, next to the roof
and lighted by skylights, were used when
the school was crowded, but simply as
sleeping rooms.

On the first floor, beginning at the
reader's left, the tower room was a library,
the first two windows in the main part
mark the Normal Literary Society room
and the second two, a class room, later
used by the Athenaean Society. In the rear
of these two rooms, was the dining room,
which seated 120 students.

On the second floor, the Principal's office
and apartments took up the front of the
south wing, and professors' rooms the front
of the north wing. The central part was
all given up to the chapel. This was utilized
as an assembly and study room.

In the large cupola, hung the bell. It
was rung every morning, noon, and night,
and at every recitation period through the
day. It may be interesting to know that
the rising bell struck at 5 a.m.

Each room contained a small box
stove, fuel for which the students found
at the common wood pile and transferred
to the place where it would do the most
good.

SOUTH HALL CLASSROOM

REMODELED SOUTH HALL

1890-1899

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Prosperity continued during the 1890's. In 1891, plans
were announced for the complete reconstruction and expan-
sion of the Ladies Building (North Hall). At the time, North
Hall was 150 feet in length and four stories in height. The
plans called for it to become 270 feet in length by 700 feet
wide, and five stories high. The building was to be heated
by steam, and an elevator installed in the central portion of
the building.

The new North Hall included an elegant dining room,
finished in oak, large enough to serve five hundred students.
In addition, there was space for a kitchen, a bakery, a recep-
tion room, dormitories for the ladies, an infirmary, and suites
of rooms for the Art Department and the Normal School of
Music.

In 1895, a natural beautification program was launched
and a large number of trees were planted on the hill behind
the school and throughout the campus. By the late 1890's, all
of the buildings on the campus had electricity.

Meanwhile, in 1892, Dr. Thomas was succeeded by Dr.
S. H. Albro. As noted by Harvey J. VanNorman (1905):

"With the advent of Dr. Albro as principal, there was in-
augurated an era of high ideals . . . Loved and respected alike
by teachers and students, he impressed everyone with the fact
that he was a past-master in the art of instruction and discip-
line. He was a fascinating speaker, his lectures never contained
a dull statement, packed as they were with thought, expressed
in clear simple diction, and enlivened by quiet humor."

Under Dr. Albro's leadership, the number of faculty ex-
panded from 13 to 18 members, and the enrollment steadily
increased as a growing number of students from outside Tioga
County began to attend Mansfield. In fact, by 1897, about
one-half of the students came from outside the county. At
the time, it was said that the expenses at Mansfield were
lower than at any other school of its type in the Common-
wealth.

On the academic side, Dr. Albro initiated changes that
reflected his training in Psychology. Beginning with his ad-
ministration, the college catalogs advised prospective stu-
dents:

"In this school, the student receives his knowledge of subject
matter in his daily study and recitations; he acquires an ele-
mentary knowledge of the laws of mental action by the study
of Psychology."

In 1893, the school established separate departments of
Pedagogy, Language, Mathematics, Physical Science, History
and Civil Government, Physiology, Hygiene and Physical Cul-
ture, and the Arts Department. At the time, about 75-80 per-
cent of the students were enrolled in the two-year teacher-
training program; however, advanced (3-5 years) programs
in Music, Art, and Science began to attract more students. In
addition, Mansfield strengthened its College Preparatory pro-
gram. Students who successfully completed the program were
admitted without examination to Cornell University, Lafay-
ette College, Bucknell University, and Pennsylvania State.
With examination, students were accepted at Dickinson, Mich-
igan, Pitt, Wellesley, West Point, Wilson, Yale, and other
well-known schools.

Throughout the 90's, Mansfield grew as a center for the
fine arts. During this time, two major literary societies were
organized: the Athenian, for ladies only; and, the Philathean,
for gentlemen only. In 1892, the Normal School Monthly
started publication, succeeded in 1897 by the Normal School
Quarterly.

During the 90's the Music Department continued to gain
widespread acclaim. In 1893, the music director, Hamlin
Cogswell, hired two nationally-known musicians to teach in
the program. Mr. Julius Ormay, of the Paris Conservatory and
a pupil of the great composer, Moretz Moszkowski was put in
charge of piano instruction. Mr. Maxmillian Lichtenstein, a
pupil of Joachim, taught violin. At the time, Joachim was ac-
claimed as "the greatest living violinist." Unfortunately, the
two musicians only stayed at Mansfield for one year, and the
goal of further developing a conservatory was delayed for a
few years.

In the meantime, Mansfield began to move into other
areas of education. In 1897, the Model School opened a kin-
dergarten for 4 and 5 year olds. In 1898, an agricultural pro-
gram was inaugurated, a new science laboratory was set up in
North Hall, and the Museum was re-established. In 1899, the
school developed a Department of Business.

Throughout the 1890's, the school reflected a broadening
of interests in athletics, music, art, and politics. In 1891, Mans-
field organized a football team, and one year later, the first
night football game in America was played at Smythe Park
between Mansfield Normal and Wyoming Seminary. After a
scoreless first half, the game was called amidst much con-
troversy, but it still remains a Football First in the Archives
of the Professional Football Hall of Fame.

Indicative of political interest in 1897, students sent a
special gold medal to Admiral Dewey to express their appre-
ciation of his international efforts. Then, in 1898, there was
a peak of excitement when William Stone was elected the
Governor of Pennsylvania. He had graduated from Mansfield
Normal in 1868.

1890's: STUDENTS ASSUME A NEW LOOK

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Uwa^^^

Elmer French (1885)

Joseph Clanden (1895)

1891: First Mansfield Football Team

Mansfield was also the first team to hold a spring football practice and the first one to hold a night football game. 29

Mansfield State Normal School Faculty

The principal, Dr. Albro, is seated second from the right.

1893: MANSFIELD BASEBALL TEAM

1890s: The New Sport of Basketball

The required apparatus is an association foot-ball and
two baskets attached at either end of the field, ten feet from
the ground. The game may be played in the gymnasium or
out of doors, with five, seven, or nine on a side, preferably
seven.

The players are arranged along the field, each man hav-
ing his individual opponent, who is expected to be always near
to prevent the ball from reaching its destination, and to re-
turn it, if possible, to his own side. Thus, if A and B are op-
posing each other on the portion of the field nearest A's goal,
B must be constantly on the watch, lest A dodge back and re-
ceive the ball unmolested.

The ball cannot be struck with the first, kicked or car-
ried in any direction. It must be kept in play, only five sec-
onds being allowed the holder in which to find one of his
men, ready to receive it.

The object of the game is to work the ball, which starts
from the centre, down to the goal, when the goal thrower
deposits it in the basket.

Striking, holding, pushing, shouldering, tripping, or
knocking the ball from another's hands are counted fouls and
give one count, or a free throw for goal, to the opposing side.

As soon as the ball has left your hands you can run to
the assistance of the one holding the ball, and he in turn can
place himself in a position to catch again, which little by-play
should, of course, be intercepted by the other side.

It is not, however, to the advantage of your side to get
too far from your original place, lest the ball get into the
hands of the other side and your opponent, unguarded, get
the ball. Remember, there are at least six others working for
your side, and you are not needed in all parts of the field at
once. If you stay at home, keep your eyes on the ball and be
ready when it comes your way, you will be doing your share.

A goal made from the centre space counts three points,
from between the centre and end two points.

Source: The Normal Quarterly, Fall, 1897

1890's: Gymnastics

At the regular Commencement exercises, there
was the annual exhibition of the gymnastics depart-
ment. The young ladies appeared on Monday and
the young gentlemen on Tuesday. The work on both
days was given to music, the school orchestra ren-
dering most satisfactory service.

The following was the order:

1. Introductions — Free standing. Aim: To
prepare for work.

2. Arch-Flexions — Section A, at bar; Section
B, free standing exercise. Aim: To stretch muscles
which tend to prevent raising of chest at inhalation.

3. Heaving Movements — Horizontal ladder,
ropes. Aim: To cultivate contractility of inspiratory
muscles, to elevate the chest.

4. Balance Movements. Free standing exer-
cises. Aim: To correct general posture and cultivate
good equilibrium in ordinary positions.

5. Shoulder-Blade Movements — Of expan-
sion, free standing (running) ; of localization, at stall
bars and benches. Aim: To overcome "stooping
shoulders," to cultivate mobility of shoulder joint.

6. Abdominal Exercises. From kneeling posi-
tion at benches and stall bars. Aim: To improve
digestion.

7. Lateral Trunk Movements — At horizontal
bar, at stall bars. Aim: To develop waist muscles.

8. Heaving Movements — Vertical ladder,
horizontal ladder.

9. Jumping and Vaulting — Vaulting, bars,
face up; bars, with rope (men) ; box, face down, sit
over, hand spring, hand spring lengthwise (men) ;
leap frog (men) ; tiger jump (men). Jumping, run-
ning high jump, springing from one foot, free stand-
ing jumping. Aim: To develop speed, courage, pres-
ence of mind.

10. Respiratory Exercises — Free standing.
Aim: To prepare for rest, to produce normal res-
piration.

Source: The Normal Quarterly, Fall, 1897

o» '*

Delphic Room

During the 90's the Delphics and Clionian fraternities became
quite popular at Mansfield.

t«*v

North Hall

An expansion was started in the mid-1890's, but not completed
until about 1908. Note that some of the architectural features
in the above drawing were never incorporated in the building.

NORTH HALL DINING ROOM. As described in The Normal Quarterly (January, 1898): "Three times each day, at 7:00
a.m., 12:15 p.m. and 6:00 p.m., the spacious dining hall is filled with students and teachers, and at such times, a picture is pre-
sented full of animation and interest. Finished in oak, the dining room is architecturally of the Ionic order, the gilded capital
blending harmoniously with the rich tints of the walls. One hundred and twelve incandescent lights furnish brilliant illumina-
tion. The school is justly proud of the room and confiddently asserts that its equal is not to be found in any other educational
institution of the State.

1890's: Expansion of the Arts

At the head of our art department stands a
woman of keen artistic understanding, Mrs. Harriet
Jenkins of Philadelphia. Mrs. Jenkins has been a
pupil of the School of Industrial Art; of the Spring
Garden Institute; and for six years has studied at
the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts, three of the
most noted art institutions of the East. In 1887 Mrs.
Jenkins studied at the Imperial Museum of Amster-
dam, Holland. Five years of faithful, ever laborious
work she has spent in the galleries and art schools of
Paris and of other art centres on the Continent. In
'89 Mrs. Jenkins received her highest honor: she was
admitted to the Paris Salon, an honor eagerly sought
by artists the world over, and one which places them
in the first rank of artists.

Mrs. Jenkins enjoys an international reputation,
for her work has been accepted not only in the Paris
Salon, but in all the leading galleries of America.
In the exhibit sent by Philadelphia to the Colum-
bian Exposition, Mrs. Jenkins' work was conspicuous.
The picture exhibited at the Paris Salon now hangs
in the dining room of the Sherman House, Chicago.
Many others of her paintings are owned and now
hang in private houses in Chicago.

Whatever the medium of her execution — be
it paint, pencil, or crayon — skill lies in Mrs. Jen-
kins' eye and hand and brain. Her aim is the attain-
ment of the realistic in art, truth always. Because
of this firm principle, she does not allow her pupils
to copy, but insists rather on reproduction from na-
ture and objects. Manual training, ambidextrous ex-
ecution Mrs. Jenkins regards as the true founda-
tion of an art education.

Source:

The Normal Quarterly, Number 2, 1898

1898: Electrification of Mansfield

The new system of lighting has proven highly
satisfactory. The electric plant was put in by a stock
company, organized last summer. Four members of
this company are also officers of the school. Many
places of business and private dwellings in the town
are also using the lights, although this method of
lighting has not yet been adopted for the streets.

The power-house is a one-story brick structure
adjoining the Toy factory. The dynamo is run by
the one hundred horse-power engine of the factory
and is a double machine, one-half supplying the
electricity for the 1,000 lights of the Normal build-
ings and grounds, the other half the lights for the
town.

The wires are stretched along Main street to the
Allen hotel, then up Sullivan street by the M. E.
Church, along the Mainesburg road to the north en-
trance to the school grounds, thence to the north end
of the ladies' building.

Thus far the current is transmitted at the high
pressure of 2,300 volts. In the basement of North
Hall it is transformed into a comparatively harmless
current of 112 volts.

The main wires, called risers, are brought up
from the basement in the central or tower portion of
the building.

Along the ceiling of each corridor are con-
ducted branch wires which again subdivide to send
a pair of wires to each room. These wires are in-
closed in grooved mouldings and thoroughly pro-
tected. Thus on looking down one of these corridors,
the main moulding with its numerous cross branches
divides the ceiling into a series of squares or rec-
tangles, resembling the plan of one of those cities
which spring up so suddenly on paper with the
streets all blocked out waiting anxiously for the
houses to appear.

There are two drop-lights with flat, fluted, por-
celain shades in each student's room, while a gilt
chandelier with two lamps and etched glass globes,
adorns each teacher's room.

The halls and corridors are all thoroughly light-
ed. How much this means only those know who
have striven to accomplish this result with oil-lamps.
This is especially true of the square tower corridors,

where there are twenty lights on each of the six
floors, making one hundred and twenty lights in all.
These corridors are now a place of beauty by night
as well as by day.

The dining-room is illuminated by one hundred
and twelve lights. Fifty-eight of these are placed
along the oak cornice of the room, and fifty-four
around the nine Ionic pillars. The former are furn-
ished with the flat, corrugated, porcelain shade; the
latter, by means of rich gilt bands, are arranged in
clusters of six just below the capital of the pillars,
and fitted with etched glass globes. Our dining-room,
beautiful before, is now rivaled by few and excelled
by no other school dining-hall in the land.

In Alumni Hall the lights are arranged in clus-
ters of six beneath a large, flat, porcelain shade.
Three of these clusters are fastened to each of the
six wooden arches supporting the vaulted roof. In
addition there are foot and side lights for the stage.

The lights in the chapel like those in Alumni
Hall are in clusters of six attached to the ceiling.

Two arc lights of twelve hundred candle power
were first placed in the gymnasium, but did not prove
satisfactory. Five large circles of incandescents, each
containing twenty lights, were substituted.

The illumination of the grounds is not yet com-
pleted. It will consist of a line of incandescents about
twelve feet from the ground, following the terraces.
It will be observed that no arc-lights are used. It is
believed that the incandescents give a more diffused
and serviceable light at less expense.

The lights in the corridors of north and south
halls, along the "covered walk" and on the grounds,
are all controlled from a switch box near the Ste-
ward's office in north hall. The contract calls for an
all-night service. Sixteen candle-power incondes-
cents are used.

The school has long needed the introduction of
this method of lighting only to put it on an equality
with any Normal School in the State in the matter of
complete equipment and modern improvements.

The school is to be congratulated on a Board of
Trustees ready to follow a liberal and progressive
policy.

Source: The Normal Quarterly, June 1898

1898: Mansfield Graduate Elected Governor of Pennsylvania

• -

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GOV. WILLIAM STONE and his staff at Gettysburg.

1898: GRADUATION CLASS

... . ■ . • . ■ - . - - ■ . ■ . - - . ■ . ■ . - . ■ . - - ■

Mansfield State
Normal School

Special
attention
Given to an

% Intellectual

\ ano
practical
draining
for
fteacbers

SIX COURSES OP STUDY

Thorough training in Psychology and Pedagogy.

Model Scli oof of over two hundred and fifty pupils.

Three able and experienced critic teachers.

.1 large class in Kindergarten worlc.

Strong corps of teachers in all departments.

New laboratories fitted a/> this year for work in
Physics, Chemistry and Botany.

New Department, this year, of Agriculture and
Nature Study. Special attention given to Field Work.

The best advantages for preparation for college:
students admitted on certificate from this school to
the best colleges.

Superior advantages for special instruction in Elo-
cution.

Music Department, well equipped with instructors
in Piano, Voice and Violin.

The very best opportunity for the study of Art,
Drawing, Painting in oil and water colors.

Beautiful grounds, magnificent buildings, electric
lights. Large grounds for athletics. Elevator in
Ladies' Hall. Hospital with attendant nurse.

Fine tliimnasium .u-itli complete outfit of apparatus
for Swedish Gymnastics with special teacher.

Special Conn tor Ceacbers will begin /Iftav i.

For Catalogue giving full information in regard to
requirements for admission, courses for graduation,
expenses, etc., apply to

HLBRO, Ph.D., Principal.

1899:
A New Regulation on Dancing

In the matter of amusement, the ruling under
the new administration is as follows:

At public functions representing the school, no
dancing of any kind whatever is permitted, the time
being devoted to conversation, intellectual diver-
sions, music, etc.

In the half-hour recreation periods, given sev-
eral evenings of the week after tea, when pupils of
both sexes are allowed the freedom of the gymna-
sium, under the chaperonage of members of the Fac-
ulty, nothing in the nature of a "round dance" is per-
mitted, but what is known as the "square dance" is
allowed.

This stand is taken (without raising the ques-
tion of the right or wrong of dancing, or passing
judgment upon those who dance) for the following
reasons:

1. Dancing is a debatable matter upon which
equally good people disagree.

2. The Principal of the school must stand in
the place of parents, many of whom object.

3. In the light of the above facts, he feels that
he should respect the wishes of the anxious ones,
and let the young people decide a debatable question
like this when they have passed from school life into
society.

4. The simple "square dance" is permitted be-
cause the rational objections urged against dancing
do not apply to the "square dance" any more than
they do to every form of innocent game in which
movement of the body forms a part.

Source: The Normal Quarterly

October 1899

1900-1909

ALUMNI HALL

In 1899, Dr. Albro retired and he was succeeded by Dr.
Andrew Smith, the former Vice-principal of West Chester
Normal. He was thirty-seven, newly married, and well-
versed in teacher training. Like his predecessor, he had a
special interest in psychology.

In his first action, Dr. Smith prohibited dancing of
any kind at public functions. Another of his initial ac-
tions was to change the type of notebooks being used to the
kind used at Harvard. The new ones were bound with red
leather in which sheets of paper could be fastened and re-
moved at will. Also, at his direction, it was agreed that Tues-
days from 4:30 to 6:00 p.m. would be the designated time
when the ladies of the faculty would be available to enter-
tain visitors and friends from town.

Under Dr. Smith's leadership, the institution continued
to flourish. Between 1900 and 1909, enrollment increased
steadily, and three additional faculty members were em-
ployed. In college catalogs, parents were urged "not to look
upon Mansfield as a reformatory and not to send to the school
vicious or immoral persons . . . (because) a teacher must be
a person of unsullied character and have a strongly formed
habit of self-control."

Teacher education remained the dominant program
throughout the decade, helped by a statewide effort to in-
crease the number of teachers and to upgrade the quality of
teacher education in Pennsylvania. Beginning in September
1901, students were given free tuition if they signed an agree-
ment to teach two full annual terms in the common schools
upon completion of their education. At the same time,
the courses of study were made more difficult. The revised
program added Solid Geometry, Plane Trigonometry, and

Surveying as required courses. In addition, all students were
required to take regular lessons twice a week in gymnastics
unless excused on account of an "organic disease." Students
were advised that "gymnastic work is primarily for the weak,
not for those already strong."

To meet the growing demand for educators, Mansfield
also began to offer advanced courses in education to enable
students to attain Bachelor and/or Masters Degrees in Peda-
gogies. It was felt that teachers of the twentieth century
would be better qualified if they had training in music and
expression, so the school also further developed its special
programs in the arts.

In 1902, a three-year Conservatory Course of Music was
developed with hopes of meeting the emergent demand for
music instructors and church organists. By 1906, the school
boasted:

"The Normal Conservatory is recognized as one of the best
equipped music schools in the country. It is constantly grow-
ing in reputation and in numbers. The Organ Department
is larger than ever before. The large number of organs being
built in churches throughout the country creates a demand
for competent organists."

Besides learning basic music, it was also felt that pros-
pective teachers should learn the art of expressing them-
selves. So, during this time period, additional courses were
offered in elocution, and a Department of Expression was
organized. By 1908, the department had become so successful
that students who completed the program at Mansfield were
able to enter the highly-regarded Emerson College of Oratory
as advanced students.

Also at this time programs in Agriculture and Business
were started. They began with great expectation, but neither
program attracted many students, so they were eventually
phased out.

Despite the restriction on dancing, Dr. Smith fostered a

great deal of school spirit. He and his wife frequently enter-
tained students with Sunday evening sing-alongs, and they
faithfully attended art exhibits, plays, and musical pro-
grams. When there was an apparent waning interest in
athletic events among students, it was not uncommon for Dr.
Smith to issue notices informing students that it was their
"duty" to support their teams — especially since most of the
teams were "winners" throughout the decade.

Indicative of his interest in students, in 1902, Dr. Smith
planned a senior trip to Washington. He not only guided the
tour of Washington, but he arranged for his students to per-
sonally visit with President Theodore Roosevelt. Also, it is
noteworthy that Dr. Smith's wife was very active in student
affairs. Among other things, she rewrote the words of the
Alma Mater and composed numerous poems in praise of the
school.

Throughout the decade, Mansfield enjoyed the political
support derived from William Stone's gubernatorial election.
At the time, three Mansfield graduates were in the House of
Representatives (PA), and the President Judges of both Tioga
and Bradford counties were Mansfield graduates.

The major construction project at the time entailed
the completion of North Hall. That project was completed in
1908, about fourteen years after it had commenced. About
the same time, Alumni Hall underwent some renovation. The
floor of the auditorium was raised and the straight chairs in
the auditorium were replaced with opera chairs. In South
Hall shower baths were installed.

Social life continued to center upon the activities of the
societies. Interestingly, at the time, the female — as well as
the male — societies were referred to as fraternities. Mock
weddings were one of the frequent festive events of the Cleon-
ian and Delphic fraternities that stirred excitement among
students. In addition, Halloween and Thanksgiving were
generally celebrated with much excitement, and in 1905, May
Day was started. It's pomp and pageantry became an annual
tradition at Mansfield which lasted for many years.

K5M

'BUSINESS
\ DEPARTMENT

BUSINESS PROGRAM

To meet this growing demand the Normal School
authorities have organized this department, and in
it they offer the following courses:

A Commercial Course

Elementary Commercial Course — Subjects re-
quired are Bookkeeping, Business Correspondence,
Drill in Rapid Computation and Invoice Writing,
the Elements of Commercial Law. To receive a cer-
tificate of competence in this course the applicant
must show himself proficient also in the following
branches: Spelling, Penmanship, Arithmetic, Eng-
lish Composition, American History, and Civics.

Those who complete this Elementary Course,
which will fit them for conducting an ordinary busi-
ness in a systematic and approved manner, but who
may wish to fit themselves for thorough office work,
are offered the following

Advanced Commercial Course — This course
adds to the subjects of the Elementary Course, a
thorough training in a Business Practice Depart-
ment, a systematic course in Commercial Law, and
Banking.

A Stenographic Course

This course is designed for such as may wish to
fit themselves for office work, but who may not wish
to become bookkeepers. It includes Stenography,
Typewriting, and Business Correspondence. In order
to secure the certificate of competence in this depart-
ment, all candidates must show themselves proficient
in the above named English Branches.

Source: Normal Quarterly

January 1900

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1901: THE WINDMILL ATOP NORMAL HILL

THE WINDMILL

(Air — "Tramp, Tramp, Tramp")

With a kindly smiling grace
Shining o'er his placid face,
With his arms outspread to guard our sacred walls,
Stands the Watchman on the hill,
Stands the faithful old Windmill, —
Listen while his voice in creaking accent calls,
Chorus:

Drink, oh drink, ye thirsty children,
Drink the draught that will endure,
Drink from Wisdom's hallowed spring,
Of its wondrous power I sing,
While I pump for you the mountain water pure.
All the knowledge of the age,
Song of bard and note of sage,
May be yours in never failing rich supply;
All the latest crystal thought
To our reservoir is brought,
Drink, for Wisdom's spring is never, never dry.

— Lizzie Smith (wife of Principal Smith)

DR. AND MRS. SMITH ENTERTAIN

On March twelfth, the presidents of the var-
ious organizations of the school were delightfully en-
tertained at dinner by Dr. and Mrs. Smith, who re-
ceived in their usual pleasing manner. The party
entered the Normal dining hall at six o'clock where,
amid palms and flowers, they were seated at a table
laid for twelve in the west alcove of the room. The
table was exquisitely decorated, the center piece be-
ing red carnations while over the snowy cover were
arranged red carnations and smilax. At each plate
was a card bearing the Normal colors and the follow-
ing acrostic, written by Mrs. Smith:

Normal, gladly now we pledge thee,
Over these, thy colors fair,
Reverent and sincere affections —
Mansfield — name beyond compare!
Alma Mater, we, thy children,
Loving loyalty declare.

With each course that was served came some
delightful surprise in the form of decoration or en-
tertainment. The enjoyable after-dinner chat over
the cups which followed the sumptuous repast came
to a close by a brief toast from Dr. Smith, to which
the guests responded by reciting the acrostic on the
dinner card. Withdrawing to the pleasant apart-
ment of the host and hostess, who described in a
simple but charming manner, curios and photographs
collected in their travels, the time passed rapidly,
and it was with reluctance that the guests withdrew
from this highly enjoyed, memorable occasion.

Source: Normal Quarterly-
April 1902

1902: Senior Trip to Washington

Principal Smith with the students at Mt. Vernon.

S. A. Johnson
Mrs. G. C. Robertson

Mrs. C. F. Palmer

R. A. Husted
H. J. Vannorman

Mrs. Mary Jenks
Emily L. Thomas

1901: THE FACULTY

J. H. Long
I. M. Gayman
Andrew Thomas Smith
C. F. Palmer

H. T. Colestock
Mrs. H. T. Jenkins
Edith Lownsbery
Laura M. Shaw

Amos P. Reese
Eliza Boyce
G. C. Robertson Alice Hobart

Minnie M. Beard

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1902: Mutiny at Mansfield

(Reports in the Philadelphia Inquirer)

SCENE OF STRIKE
(January 15)

Great excitement was caused in
the boys' building at Mansfield
State Normal School to-day, when
forty-two students commenced
tearing up carpets, taking down
pictures, etc., preparing them-
selves to leave on the early train.
Some of the students refused to
go to classes and the determined
look on the faces of the boys
showed that for once the faculty
and trustees were dealing with
men.

Monday, January 6, four stu-
dents, two boys and two girls, for
a slight violation of the rules of
the school, were virtually expelled.
After the two boys left the two
girls were reinstated. The rest of
the young men considered this un-
fair. After the report was verified
concerning the girls, the boys com-
menced to collect in groups, dis-
cussing probabilities. Soon the
sentiment was voiced that unless
the two boys be reinstated on the
same conditions as the girls they
would sever their connections with
the school. The Y. M. C. A. room
was made headquarters and a
meeting was held, at which stand-
ing room was at a premium.

A petition was drawn up to the
effect that the signers would leave
school. Forty-two young men,
among them the very best in
school, made a resolution to abide
by the petition. This was pre-
sented to Dr. Andrew Thomas
Smith by a committte of three.
He, after careful consideration,
explained the results that would
follow such an action, namely, that
by withdrawing under such condi-
tions they would be expelling
themselves. As this result was un-
looked for by many of the boys,
the old petition was declared void,
and a new one to the same effect

was drawn up. But, instead of a
decrease, an increase of one was
added to the petition. The peti-
tion was then presented and the
boys declared expelled.

The members of the faculty and
the trustees endeavored to per-
suade the boys not to adhere to
the petition; but none yielded.
Next the faculty telephoned to the
homes of three boys and parents
were asked to compel their minor
sons to have their names canceled.
But to no avail. Then a meeting of
the boys was called at 7 p.m. in
which the pastor of the First Pres-
byterian Church talked to the as-
sembly. In his talk he said: "Be
sure you are right, then go ahead."
After the meeting he went with
three of the members to the prin-
cipal to plead the boys' cause, but
as yet no settlement has been
effected.

STRIKE SETTLED
(January 16)

The controversy between the
students and the faculty at the
Mansfield State Normal School has
been settled amicably. Dr. Smith
made a concession to the boys,
who in turn granted one or two
little requests that he made.

All of the students have re-
sumed work and the school may
not lose more than one or two
students. There seem to be no
hard feelings harbored by any of
the students against Dr. Smith and
the members of the basketball
teams reported for practice last
night.

STUDENTS REMAIN
EXPELLED
(January 22)

. . . The suspended students
were not taken back, nor was any
time fixed for their reinstatement.

LOCAL EDITORIAL

(January 22)

The Mansfield Normal mutineers became
docile on hearing from their fathers. Of late
there has been considerable commotion in the
Normal circles over the recent mutiny of the
students, and a one-half sided account of the
boyish scare has been forwarded to the Phila-
delphia Inquirer, as was noticed in a previous
issue of that paper. Also the sender of the
article was kind enough to donate to the pub-
lic a picture of the principal, Dr. Andrew
Thomas Smith, whose manly expression plain-
ly shows that he knows exactly what he is
about, and does not need to have his moves
dictated to him by a mob of boys. When
there comes a time that a Normal school is to
be run by a lot of impulsive youths, then it is
high time that such a Normal school should
shut down and go out of business. That is
precisely the stand that Dr. Smith took in
defense of his school. He is wholly justified
in his actions towards the boys in the late
difficulty. The facts of the case are these:
Two couples were caught seriously disobeying
the school regulations. Accordingly, they were
suspended indefinitely, but the girls were
afterward reinstated for this reason: Dr.
Smith realized that should he send these two
thoughtless girls home it would not only blight
their lives, but also be the means of their
ruination, viewed from a social standpoint.
With the boys, everyone knows, it is different.
To them it is a lesson; to the girls it would
have been a move toward their eventual down-
fall. Soon what kind of a school would we
have here in Mansfield? Dr. Smith's course
is justifiable. His actions are heartily en-
dorsed by the community at large.

Galeton Dispatch

January 22, 1902

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CLIONIAN FRATERNITY

ATHENIAN LITERARY SOCIETY

c. 1905: MODEL SCHOOL

c. 1905: KITCHEN HELP

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1900's: The Normal Spirit

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ALMA MATER

(Air — "Annie Lisle")

Far above Tioga's waters

With their silver sheen,
Stands our noble Alma Mater

On her shaded green.

Chorus —

Lift the chorus, sing her praises

Over hill and dale,
Hail to thee, our Alma Mater

Normal, hail, all hail!
By the purple hills encompassed —

Guardians of her fame —
Mansfield standeth crowned with honor,

Hail, her stainless, name!
Blest by love of all her children,

Nothing can she lack;
See her colors proudly waving,

Hail — the red and black!

Lizzie Smith

THE MANSFIELD NORMAL

God preserve our Alma Mater,

Mansfield Normal, evermore;
Look Thou on her with Thy favor —

Keep her safely, we implore;
Crown her still with strength and honor,

Renew her youth from year to year;
By Thy grace which never faileth

Let her prosper without fear.
May her foster children ever

Loyal be to "black and red";
May her noble sons and daughters

Added luster 'round her shed,
God preserve our Alma Mater,

Mansfield dear forever more;
In the sunshine of Thy favor

Guard her, keep her, we implore.

S. A. J.

SPIRIT

Normal spirit is something good to possess. It stimulates
one to action. It helps to win a victory on the athletic field.
It helps to swallow a defeat, if necessary, in an athletic con-
test. It keeps one awake when otherwise he is drowsy. It
makes friends true and lasting. It keeps an individual off the
grass when he is tempted to take a short cut across the campus.
It challenges his truer and nobler self when he is tempted to
cheat in class or in examination. It does, many other things;
but above all, it makes one love the Institution.

Genuine power is gained only through service. Do you
realize that an individual can take with him from the Normal
School no more than he has given to it, unless, perchance, he
be a thief?

Source : Normal Quarterly

April 1905

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c. 1900: SNAKE DANCE PRECEDING FOOTBALL GAME

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PLAYING CROQUET

WORKING IN THE LAB

STUDYING IN THE LIBRARY

SURVEYING CLASS

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c. 1905: FRED AND ART GMEINER AT DORMITORY ROOM

1905: DRAMATIS PERSONAE CAST. Roy Rose, Herbert E. Fowler, Joe C. Doane, G. Walter Wilcox, Leonard Green, Ralph
B. Gardner, Arthur Horton, Albert A. Johnson, Matthew E. Haggerty, Herbert R. Grant, Ralph C. Wells, Verne F. Garrison,
John Curren, Coila Harding, Mary C. Head, Edith A. French.

ly\jy. ZJhe f-^omp and [-'aaecintry of /P/ay oDa

The afternoon of May 29,
1905 saw the inauguration of
the May Party.

By five o'clock that Monday
afternoon, the campus in front
of North Hall was covered with
a goodly number of students
and friends from the town,
when, to the sounds of a march
played by the school orchestra,
the Seniors entered in their
"Senior Procession," passing
down the front walk from the
front entrance of the Hall,
turning to the left when half
way down the campus, turning
again to the left, and marching
to seats provided for them be-
fore the terraces north of Alum-
ni Hall. It was a memorable
sight — the young ladies all in
white, the gentlemen in black,
marching between long ropes of
laurel, carried by the members
of the Class.

After the seniors were seat-
ed, Miss Johnson sang an ap-
propriate May song — "Come
Out." Whereupon two pages
bearing a crown and sceptre ad-
vanced to Miss Christine Pol-
lock of the Senior Class, an-
nounced to her her election as
"Queen of the May," conducted
her to the throne that had been
previously erected and draped
in green on one of the terraces,
and duly crowned her as our
first May Queen. A pretty
queen she made. Expectation
had been rife as to the name
of the favored Senior; but the
election had been in secret con-
clave; and the secret had been
well kept.

The Estudiantina Club then
sang "May Time," after which
a group of young ladies from
the Middle Class, dressed, of
course, in white, performed the
ever popular May Pole Dance.

After the dance about the

May Pole, the audience joined
the Estudiantina Club in sing-
ing to the air "Blue Bells" a
song written for the occasion
by Mrs. E. D. T. Cogswell, the
words of which are as follows:

May Day

We welcome thee with gladness,
fair daughter of the Spring!

With flowers and birds and sun-
shine to thee our homage
bring.

Now all we Lads and Lasses,
sing we a joyful lay

As thy chariot passes — 'tis
Nature's holiday.

Chorus —

0 May! Spring's fair one,

Flower crowned May,
We greet thee gladly

Here this festal day.
0 May! Spring's loved one,

List to our song,
We welcome thee, Sweet May

And wish thee long.

In honor of the Seniors, here

on our shaded green
We meet with dance and

singing to crown our Fair

May Queen.
Our Alma Mater hails thee,

thou lovely smiling May!
Thou bringest with thee beauty;

list to our roundelay.

Chorus —

Afterward, a spectacular
dance was given in a Scarf Drill
by 16 members of the Middle
Class, after which all united in
singing "Alma Mater."

We predict that ere many
years May Day will become a
thoroughly established event in
our Normal calendar.

Source:

The Quarterly, July 1905

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1905: MAY COURT

1900's:

VIEW FROM DOWNTOWN

NORTH HALL STEPS

RECONSTRUCTION OF SOUTH WING (North Hall)

LOOKING NORTH FROM NORTH HALL

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Jy/ie I \or mat Ljirl

Source: The Normal Quarterly

Winter, 1907-1908

ALUMNI HALL

1908: NORMAL SCHOOL HALLOWEEN PARTY

A MOCK WEDDING

DOWNTOWN MANSFIELD

A CLIO-DELPHIC PICNIC

A FACULTY PARTY

c. 1908: BOATING AT OAKWOOD

H. M. S. PINAFORE PLAY

1909: TIOGA COUNTY STUDENTS

1910: New Four Year Course

At a meeting of the Normal School Principals
and the Superintendent of Public Instruction, held
in Harrisburg, April 20 and 21, 1910, a new course
of study was adopted for the schools covering four
years of prescribed study.

Details of the course will be given in the school
catalogs, but a few items of especial interest can be
presented here.

The course is arranged on the basis of the "unit
system" as prescribed by the Carnegie Foundation
and as employed by nearly all the universities, col-
leges and secondary schools of note throughout the
country.

In it is required more work in Pedagogy than
the present course offers, and rather more of alter-
ation than of addition in the academic branches.

Graduates of approved high schools of the first
grade may be admitted to the work of the third year
without examination by the faculty.

Graduates of approved high schools of the sec-
ond grade may be admitted to the work of the sec-
ond year without examination by the faculty.

Graduates of approved high schools of the third
grade may be admitted to the work of the first year
without examination by the faculty.

Persons who enter thus upon certificate from a
high school must present their certificate properly
signed and giving their grades in each of the sub-
jects enumerated. They will be conditioned in any
subjects of the Normal School course which they
have not satisfactorily completed in the high school.

All other persons will be admitted, as new, upon
examination; but to become regular members of the
first year class, they must show a fair knowledge of
Arithmetic, Reading, Orthography, Penmanship,
United States History, Geography, Grammar, Physi-
ology, Civics and the Elements of Algebra to Quad-

ratics — all subjects that are now prescribed by law
to be taught in every public school of the state.

For graduation, persons must be in attendance
at least two years, excepting that graduates of four
year courses in colleges approved by the College and
University Council may be graduated after a resi-
dence of only one year.

A point that is likely to be overlooked by most
persons is this: Graduates of first class high schools
can complete this Four Year Course in the same time
that is now usually required by them (two years),
and they can do it more easily than now because
now they are required to pass examinations in the
subjects of the first two years and to do it in one year.

Another point, equally important, is this: Per-
sons who have no high school advantages at their
homes, but who are dependent upon the district
school for their elementary education, can usually
complete the new course in the same time that is re-
quired of them for the present course. At the present
time there are too many subjects in the junior year
for such persons to finish in one year of study; con-
sequently most of them must take two years for it.
Under the new course, if they use well their oppor-
tunities in the home school, they can still be gradu-
ated from the Normal School in four years.

The adoption of this Four Year Course places
the Normal Schools of Pennsylvania abreast of the
best in the country, and it accordingly wins recogni-
tion for our graduates from the other states.

Persons who wish to practice medicine or den-
tistry in the future will be given that right in such
states as New York and New Jersey upon the basis
of this four year preliminary course, and they will
not be so licensed upon completion of a preliminary
course of only three years.

Source: The Quarterly, Spring 1910

1910-1919

In April 1910, a new course of study was adopted for
Pennsylvania Normal Schools. Among the changes, one re-
quired new students in the education program to undergo
testing to demonstrate their proficiencies in physiology, read-
ing, orthography, penmanship, history, and the elements of
algebra to quadratics. In October, the music program was
further upgraded with the installation of a new three-manual
Austin pipe organ in Alumni Hall. In the prelude of the
formal opening of the organ, Professor Shepherd, the school's
organ instructor, played "Praise God From Whom All Bless-
ings Flow." According to news accounts, every seat in the
auditorium was filled and many people were standing. The
music so stirred the standing room only audience that they
burst into a chorus that is remembered as one of the most
exhilarant experience in the history of Mansfield.

By September of 1911, an increased enrollment necessi-
tated the elimination of all single rooms; and there was ex-
pectation of even greater enrollment with the establishment
of the Manual Training, and the Domestic Science (later
Home Economics) Departments.

In 1912, Mansfield celebrated its fiftieth anniversary as
a State Normal School. The celebration was highlighted by
five days (June 16-20) of festivities. Stores and homes hung
red and black banners. In observance of the occasion,
the students had a memorial tablet carved and placed in
Alumni Hall. It read, "Character, Scholarship, Culture, Serv-
ice." — the school motto.

Dr. Smith left the principalship in 1913 and was suc-
ceeded by Dr. William Ringgold Straughn, formerly Super-
intendent of Schools in DuBois, Pennsylvania. Straughn's
vision of Mansfield's future was shaped by his training in
ethics and sociology. In one of his first actions, he formally
abolished fraternities on the grounds that they inhibited
rather than facilitated the cohesion of the school. He felt
that some students had become overly involved in fraternity
affairs. In turn, he supported other student organizations,
particularly the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA).
Rather quickly, the YMCA became the dominant student
group on campus and within four years, the school provided
a special house for the members.

Dr. Straughn strived to reaffirm Mansfield's image as a
strict Christian setting where the use of alcohol was absolutely
prohibited. In the 1914 catalog, four years prior to prohibi-
tion, prospective students were informed that "There are no
saloons, public bowling alleys, or billiard rooms within ten
miles."

In the meantime, along with his support of the YMCA,
Dr. Straughn also reemphasized the importance of religion.
Attendance at a Sunday morning church service and the 6:00
Sunday Evening Vesper services was required of all students
unless they were given a special excuse by Dr. Straughn. An
excuse was issued only if a student's parents requested one
on grounds of religious belief.

Perhaps as a reflection of his sociological sense, Dr.
Straughn made a special effort to foster student identification
with the institution. To promote involvement and commitment,
he encouraged the creation of a Student Government Associa-
tion; and, he also initiated the publication of the first school
newspaper The Spotlight. Most of the articles in the news-
paper highlighted the accomplishments of the athletic teams,
the plays, and departmental activities. Then, in 1918, for the
first time, the school published a school yearbook, The Caron-
towan. Interestingly, the title of the publication means "The
Little Town on the Hill" — a title consistent with Straughn's
effort to foster the student's sense of being part of a com-
munity.

On the academic side, Straughn took steps to upgrade
the training of teachers. In the first year of his administration,
the separate town and country grade schools of the Mansfield
area were consolidated and the students were bused by horse
and wagon to the newly-built, twelve room Model School (now
Belknap Hall). As a result, the enrollment in the Model
School nearly doubled from about 200 to 350 students. Also,
along with the expansion of the Model School, Straughn de-
veloped specialized training for rural school teachers. In
1915, a highly-publicized series of lectures were given by
several prominent Superintendents of schools, and rural school
experts on the unique problems of Rural Schools. Then, in
a Model Rural Practice School was established to train teach-
ers about the specialized needs of rural school students.

Meanwhile, the growth of enrollment in the music pro-
gram necessitated the purchase of a building about fifty yards
northwest of North Hall which was used as the Music Prac-
tice Hall.

The steady growth in enrollment was accompanied by an
increasing diversity in the student body. By 1919, about two-

MODEL SCHOOL. Seated at the middle table (left to right),
Phyllis Owen Swinsick and Matilda Jupenlaz McClelland.

thirds of the students were from outside Tioga County; and,
although the school remained all-white, there was a broader
diversity of religious and ethnic backgrounds. In fact, at the
time, there was a special train which brought students from
the Scranton and Wilkes-Barre area.

Throughout the decade, the school stressed self-sufficiency.
In the kindergarten, the Montessori Method was adopted on
the grounds that it fostered independent learning; and, in the
Normal School, the importance of self-sufficiency was a com-
mon theme in lectures and in vesper services.

The outbreak of World War I reinforced the ethos of
self-sufficiency. In 1917, school administrators set out a plan
under which the school produced its own food supply; and, a
140 acre farm was purchased. Within a year, the farm pro-
vided most of the potatoes, beets, carrots, beans, onions, cab-
bage, and other staples; the school raised its own
poultry, sheep, and cattle; and, a well was drilled and a
reservoir was constructed on top of Normal Hill so that the
water could flow to the buildings through gravity — thereby
reducing the need for an outside energy source.

In 1917, the school added a hospital with a permanent
apartment for a regular nurse. It was expected that a new
hospital would enable the school to provide better medical
care. The following year, the school's effort to "take care of
its own" was successfully demonstrated during a severe epi-
demic of Spanish influenza. As described in the 1918 catalog:

"Nearly )00 cases were reported and attended. Ten nurses
and two medical doctors made their home in the dormitories,
and all cases were isolated in the hospitals and rooms. Every
resource of the school was placed at the disposal of the medical
attendants, classes suspended, and the best of care given.
Several severe cases of pneumonia developed, but no lives were
lost. After a week classes were resumed, and all students ex-
cept a very few, were back at their studies."

Throughout the decade, the success of the athletic teams
served to reinforce the spirit of the student body. In 1912,
a track team was organized and by 1917 and again in 1919,
the teams won first place at the Annual University of Penn-
sylvania Relay Carnival — widely recognized as "the biggest
annual athletic event in the world." Likewise, the football,
basketball, and baseball teams were "winners." The 1915
football team claimed the Championship of all New York and
Pennsylvania Normal Schools, and the 1919 Basketball Team
was undefeated.

1900's: AWAITING THE TRAIN.

Due to the large crowds at the basketball games, in
1919, the east side of the Gymnasium was extended 20 feet
to make room for seven tiers of seats to accommodate 700
spectators. Also, due to an increased interest in tennis, sev-
eral new tennis courts were constructed.

Unfortunately, Orson Wilcox, one of the most outstand-
ing athletes of the decade never had the opportunity to realize
his dream of professional status. While serving in France dur-
ing World War I, he was stabbed to death by some Parisian
thugs.

Unlike some other schools, Mansfield's enrollment did not
decline during World War I because Mansfield offered train-
ing not afforded in most other schools. In 1917, it was the only
Normal School that organized a Military Company, and one
year later, the federal government established a unit of the
Students Army Training Corps (SATC) at Mansfield. The
Corps consisted of about 200 male students who were directed
by an officer of the U. S. Infantry.

In short, despite hard times and a war, Mansfield con-
tinued to prosper throughout the decade.

1910: NEW AUSTIN ORGAN INSTALLED IN
ALUMNI HALL

1911: THE PHILOSOPHY OF
DOMESTIC SCIENCE

Some one has said that the
mission of the ideal woman is
to make the whole world home-
like; but before this ideal state
of affairs can be realized, the
institutions which we call
homes must be made homelike.
When is such a place "home-
like"? Is it when, upon enter-
ing, one is met by a maid in
dainty cap and apron, who ush-
ers you into a reception room
where shades are drawn to ex-
actly the right place to give the
correct and subdued light —
and to keep things from fad-
ing; where the polished floor is
covered with exquisite rugs, the
mantel loaded with bric-a-brac,
the hearth neatly swept and its
andirons carefully burnished;
where dainty gilt chairs are ar-
ranged with utmost precision
— in a word, where things look
as if they were not intended to
be used even though they are
costly?

Is this the place in which
mother and father can rest
after their day's labors and en-
joy their books and papers;
where boys and girls would
rather bring their friends than
to meet them upon the streets
or in cheap places of amuse-
ment?

Yes, home is where parental
love and devotion may express
themselves unhampered. This
will carry with it the idea of
enough of this world's goodj to
make pecuniary concern un-
necessary. But the best homes
will add to these very important
factors, a breadth of intelli-
gence and culture on the part
of the home makers and skill

in the arts of home making
such as can use to advantage
the material abundance with
which they may be surrounded.

It is for the accomplishment
of these ends that Domestic
Science is finding its way into
the schools. With no thought
of subtracting anything from
the broadest culture that the
schools can give, or of putting
cooking and sewing in the place
of wisdom and womanliness, it
is noted that a woman's efficien-
cy is greatly increased (no mat-
ter how much or what else she
may know) by making her able
to perform these requisites of
the home, and enabling her to
see in them enough to call forth
her largest wisdom in their en-
thusiastic mastery.

To meet this growing de-
mand of the times, the depart-
ment of Domestic Science has
been established here. In addi-
tion to the "simple" matters of
cooking and serving, (each of
which really contains great pos-
sibilities) this department will
deal with the chemistry of
tools, the construction of suit-
able menus, food value of the
various edible products, etc.,
with textiles, suitability and rel-
ative values of various dress
materials, with personal adorn-
ment considered from the eco-
nomic and the artistic points of
view, with house decoration,
furnishing and care, and with
the many other problems that
enter into the acts of "complete
living".

Source:

The Normal Quarterly

November 1911

MANUAL TRAINING DEPARTMENT

1912: SMILES? Photographers encouraged the sober, serious look.

lvJ-Z' fl'lansfield (^eleoratei S^emi-centennial in f<\ed and (/Slack

Black a n fc 1R e 6

BLACK hangs the cloud of ignorance.
And black is sorrow's somber pall,
Black scowls the frown of discontent,
In darkest shade the vicious crawl.
From out this dismal, noisome gloom
There comes a wail of sin and woe,--
"Your brothers perish in the dark,
A better way they fain would know."

SK 1VE, Give," a thousand voices cry—
^•^ "Oh, ye to whom life has been kind,=
Give us your sight to guide our steps.
The halting footsteps of the blind.
Give knowledge with its piercing ray,
The poor befriend, the vile uplift,
Give sympathy for those who mourn, --
Give us yourself—a priceless gift."

BH, never since the birth of time
Has evil been o'ercome by right
Without the heart-blood's utter gift,
Without the sacrificial might ;
Despised, rejected, worse than lost
Are gifts without the giver's heart,
The poor, the dull, the vicious spurn
The help that is from life apart.

CJi HALL pleasure-lovers lightly cry,

*** " These sights offend, these sounds annoy,

And turn, self-satisfied, to grasp

With dainty hand, life's tinseled toy?

Shall brooding student coldly claim

" My life is mine, my very own,

My right it is to stand aloof,

To cultivate myself alone?"

7^ EVELOP seIf--'Tis God's command, ~
**' And in the task no labor shirk,

That thou may'st come at length to prove

How noble is God's highest work.

Rejoice in light, but know, O Man,

Though broad and strong and brave and wise,

Thy life must still be incomplete

Without the glow of sacrifice.

/^ H, glorious red of sacrifice!

'■* Oh, mighty power so strangely blest, —
The Master's plan for fullest life,
A joy unknown to selfish breast;
Across the world-cloud's blackness cast,
Thy hue doth gleam in color bright ;
Sometime the darkness shall be past
Through power of sacrificial might.

Eli.iabctb Ocifren Smith.

School Motto

i aracter

is the essential

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ANNIVERSARY SONG

1912: SEMI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION

Air

"FAIR HARVARD"

HISTORICAL ADDRESS

(Excerpts)

"We are here to celebrate this
marvelous school . . . 1 have labored
fifty-eight years for this important
and magnificant institution, and 1
am proud of its success."

". . . always recall the purposes
of its founders. Strive to make
education universal; that the rich
and the poor; the child of him who
has power and place, and of him
who treads the lowly paths of life,
shall receive alike the blessings of
education at Mansfield . . . Invite
equally and alike, without distinc-
tion of sex, or color, or race, or
creed, or party, the children of all
who may desire to participate of
the opportunities here offered. That
is the highest purpose for which
Mansfield may be praised."

SIMON B. ELLIOTT

He was one of the founders
and most ardent supporters
of Mansfield for many years.
In 1912 he gave the Histori-
cal Address.

Fair Mansfield, we now to thy Jubilee throng,

And, with blessings, surrender thee o'er,

By these festival rites, from the age that is past,

To the age that is waiting before.

Oh, relic and type of thy founders' desire

That has long kept their memory warm,

Oh, fruit of their toiling and star of their hope,

Bright rising through calm and through storm!

To thy halls we were led in the bloom of our

youth,
From the home of our earlier years,
When our fathers had warned and our mothers

had prayed,
And had blessed us through fast falling tears;
Thou then wert our parent, the nurse of our soul,
We were nurtured and moulded by thee,
Till, frighted and treasure of knowledge and hope,
We were launched upon Destiny's sea.

Now, as pilgrims, we come to re-visit thy shrine,

On the morn of thy glad Jubilee,

And, with kindlings of spirit at memory's flame,

Pledge anew our allegiance to thee.

Here the good and the great in the years that are

gone,
Consecrated to labor and care,
Poured the oil of their love on the fire of their

zeal,
That thy name might be honored and fair.

Farwell! Be thy destinies honored and bright,

While thy children thy motto defend,

And, through "Character, Scholarship, Culture,"

prepare
For "Service," man's worthiest end;
Nor let Wisdom out-worm, moor thy bark to its

side
As the current of Progress glides by —
Be the Bearer of Light and the Herald of Love
While the red and the black wave high.

Adapted from "Fair Harvard" for
Mansfield Semi-Centennial, 1912

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The fraternity was disbanded by Dr. Straughn in 1914 but it continued to meet on a regular basis long afterward. Left to
right — first row — Robert Dix, Clarence Mott, William "Slim" Lloyd, Olan Mittan, Harold Strait, Hormer Dudley. Second row
— Tracy Laurenson, William "Buddy" Norman, Sheldon "Jack" Frost, Paul Allison, Burr Deivey, Charles Dickinson, Went-
worth (Babe) Vedder. Third row — Virgil Dudley, Harold Adams, Myron Baxter, Rayburn Smith, Earl Hobbs, Dewey Miller.
Fourth row — Fred Hardy, Leonard Reibe, Sanford Vedder, Professor George B. Strait, Clark James, Everett Stephens.

1910-19: MANSFIELD FAIR

MUSIC STUDIO

NEW MODEL SCHOOL

CLIONIAN - DELPHIC GATHERING

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STUDENT WORKERS

CAMPUS DRILL

CLASSROOM LECTURE

DORMITORY LIVING

TENNIS TOURNAMENT

COMMENCEMENT

1914: Dr. William Ringgold Straughn Appointed Principal

DR. STRAUGHN

PROFILE

Dr. Straughn was born April 23, 1882, in Mar-
della Springs, Wicomico County, Maryland, son of
Reverend John Lee Straughn, a Methodist Minister.

He received his early education in the public
schools of Maryland and Delaware, later entering
Baltimore City College, from which he was gradu-
ated with honors in 1902. From City College he en-
tered Johns Hopkins University, from which insti-
tution he was graduated in 1905. While taking his
post-graduate work at Johns Hopkins he taught in
the public schools of Baltimore, and in Baltimore
City College, later going to Millersville (Pa.) State
Normal School as head of the department of English
and Pedagogy. There he remained for six years —
the last two years as assistant to the Principal. In
1908 he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
from Kansas City University.

While at Millersville he was elected City Super-
intendent of Schools in DuBois, Pa., remaining about
two and a half years, until elected Principal of Mans-
field Normal.

He was a member of the American Political Sci-
ence Association, of the Johns Hopkins Club, and of
a number of literary organizations.

For several years he was a reporter on Balti-
more daily newspapers, and also an occasional writer
for magazines, both of poetry and prose. His first
book was "Home Authors — Pennsylvania."

Dr. Straughn lectured at Teachers' Institutes,
High School Commencements, and on special occa-
sions. On literary and educational questions he was
within his realm and held a unique place. Among
the leading educators of the State he stood as a po-
tent factor. By his prudence Mansfield Normal under
his leadership made marvelous strides and took her
place on the pinnacle with similar institutions.

Dr. Straughn was a profound, broad and keen
thinker, and a man of liberal thought. His affable
manner, his generous desire to aid the humblest stu-
dent was at all times in evidence.

Source: The Carontawan, 1918

GONDOLIERS

1915-1916: RELAY TEAM. Left to right — Irvin Frances, Kim Marvin, Emory Rockwell (coach), Grant Carpenter, and
T. Foley.

1916-1917: Announcements

DANCES — Only the old dances are permitted. A committee from
the faculty is always in charge. On each Wednesday evening, imme-
diately after supper, the younger ladies may dance in the lower corri-
dor of North Hall. Victrola music is used. On Friday evenings, from
6:30 to 7:15, all of the students who care to dance are permitted to use
the gymnasium — one of the largest in the state. A new, hardwood
floor has recently been constructed. Piano music is furnished by the
students and members of the faculty. All of the dances are very in-
formal, and because of the care taken, and exercise and pleasure de-
rived, cannot be objected to by even the most pronounced opponents
of dancing. Only one formal dance is given a year. This is to familiarize
students with social customs.

LITERARY — Four Literary Societies have taken the place of the
exclusive fraternities. They are open to boys and girls. Members of
the faculty attend the meetings and act as directing critics. The Normal
Spotlight (purely a student publication) appears every two weeks.

DINING ROOM — Students are carefully assigned to places by the
preceptress. At the week end students are permitted to visit at other
tables. In this way there is a freedom in the dining room that adds to
the pleasure and profits of school life.

HEALTH — We take every precaution to insure the health and
safety of the students. The water and the milk are pure (frequently
tested). The water at present is from mountain streams and private
springs, and in a few months we expect to have our own private supply
from several artesian wells (now being driven), thus affording the most
complete assurance of protection to health. The school owns a herd of
cattle, but also purchases a large supply from a local dairyman, who is
well-known for sanitary precautions adopted by him.

RELIGIOUS SERVICES — Attendance on Sunday mornings is com-
pulsory, at the church of the choice of the student, unless excused for
religious reasons. A short Vesper service, lasting a half hour on Sun-
day evening, is conducted by the Principal or a member of the faculty.

RESTRICTED ACTIVITY — There are no saloons, public bowling
alleys or billiard rooms within ten miles of this Normal School.

MOTION PICTURES — The Normal School is in possession of two
high grade motion picture machines. One is a Pathescope (French
made) which uses non-inflammable films; the other is a No. 6B Powers,
of the latest type, which uses the so-called standardized films. The pur-
pose of the school in installing these machines is to present, from time
to time, the students and others interested with wholesome, elevating
pictures — the kind that are educative as well as entertaining. To this
end, films will be displayed which are adaptations of recognized works
of drama, fiction and comedy.

Model 3074

FOR THE NORMAL FIGURE
Made of fancy material, trimmed
with lace. Has low bust and long
skirt, 9 ' 7 -inch front clasp and 4
supporters. WHITE. Sizes 19-2S
Price $1.50. This is one of the
newest Kabo models and is very
popular at the price.

Advertisement which appeared in
The Spotlight (May 1917)

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MANSFIELD, HAIL!

▼rttteo to 1917.

Vigoroso.

Will George Butler, Mus. Doc
Class of 1897

Hitw 1 1

1. Old Mans- field, high up - on the

2. The world is bet - tcr for the

3. We nev - er can for -get the

4. The vis - ion that we caught ba

-T-

east - em hill, DeartMans- field.hai! to thee!
bea - con light Which thou hast shed a- broad,
days we've spent With - in thy hal-low'd walls,
-neath thy spell Has o - pened up th: way

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Thy loy - al sens and daughters
Strong hearts are stronger for the
We'll learn sometime what all your
To op - por- tun - i - ty and

with a will Sa - lute in rrel - o - dy.
test - ing fight That leads men up to God.
les - sons meant When lar - ger du - ty calls,
serv - ing well Up - on the KingJshigh-way.

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We bring
In all
For ev -
We love

a lau - rel wreath of praise, And pledge our love thro' a
the va - ried walks of life. In peace- fu I paths and stre
'ry law and rule of thine- Is made to fit our life
the mem - 'ry of thy ways.Strong lads and lass - ies fai

the days;
of strife,
de - sign,
as fays;

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Our Al - ma Ma - ter, dear, all hail to thee! Old Mans- field, hail to thee!

We find thy sons and daughters true to thee, Old Mans- field, hail to thee!

We'll con • se- crate our lives to Truth and thee, Old Mans- field, hail to thee!

Our Al - ma Ma -ter, dear, all hail to thee, Old Mans- field, hail to theel

mBtft^HtH^Ftfrt^pri

Copyrighi 1917 by Will George Butlet

f^V

Old Pennsylvania of Mine!

Maestoso t tvirUaso.

Words and Mnsic by Will George Butleb, Mna. Doo.

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1 Old Penn - syl - van - i -

2. With - iu the shade of

3. I love thy for - est -

4. The great red down, 0

5. We thought it but a

6. In Flan-decs' fields, in

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a of mine, I
rort Duquesne, In
cov -ered hills Whe
men of toil! Tim
na-tion's birth, But
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love the thrift that seeks these stores Wrought by the sons of ma - ny shores, Who
Val - ley For - ge's win -tier's snows, Through Get-tys-burg's deep bit - ter throes The
so thy In - de - pen-dtnee Bell Pro- claims the tid ings ''God moves well, "And

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Copies of this song for school or community singing can be had at 25 cents a dozen,
or §2.00 a hundred, if cash accompanies order. Address:

MANSFIELD STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, Mansfield, Pennsylvania.

DR. WILL GEORGE BUTLER. For many years he was Mansfield's
most publicly acclaimed professor. A composer and musician, he
wrote the Alma Mater, "Mansfield Hail" and numerous other musical
compositions including "Old Pennsylvania of Mine" and "Long Live
America". In 1931 he presented President Herbert Hoover with a copy
of "Long Live America" after the hymn was officially selected by the
George Washington Bicentennial Commission.

PHILOSOPHY

WILL GEORGE BUTLER

DELIVER a message of Love in every-
thing that you do. The world may be slow
to recognize, but it will surely get the
message.

If you will love largely enough and
be kind, some day, when you are not here,
people will caress the inanimate objects
you have touched and meditate deep and
long.

He that loves most, lives most, for
love is the ruling passion of Immortality.

The tree of Love bears the fruit of
Kindness. One is the cause, the other, the
effect. Neither can exist alone.

The love we radiate will live after us.
May the hate we have scattered abroad be
interred with our bones.

The KIND of love that produces help-
fulness is active love, and there IS no other
kind.

If you will love intensely enough the
world may hate and crucify you, but a
Passion for humanity on Calvary is trium-
phant and will draw all men unto it. Love
suffers long, is kind and learns to kiss the

Will George Butler
Source: The Spotlight, March 1917

1917: THE SPOTLIGHT STAFF. Left to right, first row — Marjorie Reed, contributing editor; B. B. Powell, editor;
Elaine Manley, contributing editor. Middle row — Donald B. Rockwell, associate editor; Myron B. Deily, associate edi-
tor; Prof. Rupert, faculty adviser; Harold Strait, business manager. Top row — Maurice Woodrow, Rev. Dimmick, contribut-
ing editor; Harry Taylor, assistant business manager; Joseph Clarke, contributing editor.

-> •:♦><♦>>:♦:••:♦:•.>»:•';•»>:>»:< >»x>»x ;»x>»>>»> •:♦>:•»:••:♦>•:♦> •»:••»:••:♦> •:<> •»> •:♦> •:♦> .»> •»> .»> <♦> :♦> »> .»> .»>•:♦> .»> .*;.»> :♦

1918: JUL, 2>ea„,

ZJne Senior L^ta.55 f-^reiident oDeliveri Ualedictoru ^Atddi

reiS

EXCERPT FROM ADDRESS

"... People in general, and especially the generations that
are to follow, will judge us not so much by the wealth we
amass as by the service we render to our country and to the
world. The bases will not be for what we do for ourselves
but what we do for humanity.

. . . Too soon our memories of Mansfield and the associations
formed here may become but dreams of the distant past.
Perhaps in that afterglow of life, when the past is more
vivid than the present, memories of Mansfield will return
to us more clearly ..."

He was described in the Carontawan
(1918) as follows:

"Our Worthy President! Look at him! That
patrician brow! Those deep-set eyes! That aristo-
cratic nose. And forgive him these, he can't help it.
He is an all-round man; athletics, Lit work,
studies and social duties all claim a part of his time.
He's dignified, efficient and responsible. We're proud
of our president."

After leaving Mansfield, Mr. Dean went to France and
served in World War I. Then he joined the Postal Service.
Throughout his life he lived the words of his valedictory ad-
dress, and he always spoke fondly of Mansfield.

In 1980, upon his death, Mr. Dean expressed his lasting
commitment to Mansfield. He left over $380,000 to the
school. The interest on the endowment is used to provide
scholarships for needy students.

:♦:
I

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1917-1920: jClfe at WansfJd

1917

September 11 — Arrived in Mansfield by Erie
Flyer. Thence to a supper of spuds. Home was
never like this!

September 25 — Military Corn Soup for din-
ner — one could occasionally find a kernel.

September 28 — Dr. Straughn's Sociology
class defines love.

November 15 — Girls have knitting craze;
carry it to chapel, but are gently and firmly
barred by Dr. Straughn.

November 30 — Dance after supper, during
which Ray and Laura had a falling out. She has
demanded her picture.

December 2 — Dr. Swift of Anti-Saloon
League spoke at Vespers. Gertrude Smiles is thrill-
ed thru and thru.

1918

January 14 — Chief attraction — the Pond.
Even faculty were there with skates on.

February 8 — Dr. Straughn dismisses girls
from chapel to give some paternal advice to boys.

March 6 — Hartley Dean calls a class meet-
ing to decide the "kind and cut" (quoting Hart-
ley) of the girls' class day dresses.

March 8 — Dr. Straughn's calm announce-
ment "No more Sunday visiting until further
notice."

March 13 — Dr. Straughn tells boys to wear
their flannel shirts again at the first Gym Social
in Spring Term.

September 16 — A telegram! M. S. N. S.
will have an S. A. T. C.

September 17 and 18 ■ — ■ Maleless classes. All
boys working (?) at the Fair.

September 24 — More new men. Tables made
larger. Megaphones in common use to talk with
the hostess.

October 5-6-7 — In-flu the "flu". - Nuff sed!

October 8-9-10 — "Flu," "Flu," "Flu."

October 11-12-13-14-15 — Flu still fluing.

October 31 — "The Masquerade Ball."

November 11 — Confirmation of German's
rumored surrender!! Unbounded excitement!!
Greatest in the annals of the Normal. Alternate
dancing and parading. Pseudo cremation of the
ex-kaiser. Score one for Peace!!!

November 18 — the latest attraction —
Army Shoes.

December 4 — "The Birth of a Nation."
Better late than never. Mansfield always gets
there give her time.

December 7 — First in the annals of the
school — A "Military Ball", from 7 p.m. until
11:45 p.m. Evryone had a fine time and 11:45

came too soon.

1919

January 1 5 — Absence of fried potatoes for
breakfast. Yea for Steward Brooks.

February 12 — The "Y" house is opened.
Twenty minute calls made by the girls (properly
chaperoned) lest they go astray.

February 18 — An extended "suffrage meet-
ing" in the Library. Weighty question under dis-
cussion.

March 12 — Boy's night at the "gym".
Foote and Kernan give a thrilling exhibition of
"shimmy dancing."

April 24 — Track team left for Philadelphia.
Sent off with cheers from the students on the
Arcade.

April 26 — The dancers frolic for an hour
and a half in honor of our Relay Victory at
Philadelphia.

September 12 — Gym social. Everyone out
for the first dance. How nice the Gym looks
with new seats.

September 14 — First Sunday. Girls experi-
ence first attack of "homesickness". Dr. Straughn
speaks in Vespers.

September 20 — Tennis courts are filled and
"bench tennis" very popular.

September 23 — No more sitting in back
seats during chapel exercises. We get our cell
numbers.

October 8 — Everyone is happy or at least
could be. Cider 5* a glass at Love's.

October 12 — Boys "strike" for better eats.
Great confusion as they left dining room.

October 14 — The "sentenced" is pro-
nounced, "strikers" are social-privileged." No
more Sunday visiting until after Nov. 7.

November 1 — Mansfield plays at Strouds-
burg. With the beginning of the coal strike, we
have "lightless" suppers, too.

November 25 — Dr. Straughn gives the boys
a little advice on how to get their lights out at ten.

November 29 — Dance again, even a "Jazz
Band" at the Gym.

1920

January 27 — Boys overstep the half-hour
privilege at 9:30 p.m. As a result they now study
until 9:45.

February 8 — Boys anxiously awaited the
arrival of the new nurse. Dr. Straughn very wise-
ly selected a very motherly woman.

February 26 — Boys do not eat too much,
or rather too long at your Sunday dinner parties,
for social privileges may be deprived.

May 3 — Dr. Straughn announces that Mans-
field is to be one of the four places in the State
to have an Ambulance Corps. Cram! Cram!
Cram! Cram! Exams.

May 6 — Too many Love sets are at the
Tennis Courts. Some are deprived of social priv-
ileges.

Source: Excerpts from "Chronicles"
that appeared in
Carontawans, 1918-1920

DRILL AND DISCIPLINE

1920: The New Normal School Course

The new course of study as adopted and approved by the
Department of Instruction on March 23, 1920 is perhaps the
most advanced and far reaching educational program ever
attempted in Pennsylvania. It has been carefully planned,
criticized and revised through months of labor, and has the
approval of the leading educators of the day. It places the
training of teachers on the same broad basis as the training
required for any of the great professions, dignifies and exalts
the Normal Schools, which, beginning with next September go
on a collegiate basis of two years, and the graduates here-
after automatically, by the requirements for admission, are
four year high school graduates, and, by the requirements for
graduation, also will be received in the Junior year at college.
In other words the New Course is two years of college work,
with all the advantages which come to a young man or young
woman who also holds a life diploma to teach in any grade
from the kindergarten up to and including the high school.

Fifteen units of high school work are required for ad-
mission. A Secondary Department will be maintained to give
students who lack required entrance units an opportunity to
make up these separately or in connection with the Normal
Course, if the program will permit. Students living in towns
that maintain four-year high schools must obtain their required
units at home, (except under very special conditions), but the
Secondary Department will be of benefit to those who have no
high school opportunities at home, or who have only three-

year high schools, in which case they can board at the Normal
with all the advantages it offers, at as small expense as in a
neighboring town. A student may complete the required fif-
teen units in the Secondary Department in whatever time his
ability will permit, and is not kept back by pupils of slower
growth. The tuition is free to all who are seventeen years old.

After students have been in attendance in the Regular
Normal Course a semester, they will elect the group, as Kin-
dergarten-Primary, Intermediate Grades, Grammar and High
School, or Rural, as major, with broad opportunities for elec-
tives in all college subjects. However, graduation from one
group does not limit the teaching to that group, but the di-
ploma is good for any grade of teaching from Kindergarten
up to and including High School.

The special departments, as Music and Drawing Super-
visors', Home Economics, continue and will require three
years' attendance. State certificates, without further exam-
inations, will be granted. The special Kindergarten course
now maintained will be combined with Group I of the Normal
as Kindergarten-Primary (two years), with life diploma.

Extension and Correspondence courses will later be avail-
able under the new plan.

Source: The Normal Quarterly, May 1920

1920-1929

A STRAIGHT PATH TO A HIGHER LIFE

Is Offered Through the Courses at

Regular Normal — Group I, II, and IV for grade teaching, two
years in length. College credit of two years allowed. Group
III, preparing for teaching in Junior and Senior High Schools,
three years in length. College credit of two to three years,
depending upon electives taken.

Music Supervisors' — Prepares for the teaching and the super-
vision of music in the grades and high schools. Three year
course. Best positions in the state opened to graduates of this
course.

Home Economics — Prepares for teaching and supervision in
the grades and high schools. Three year course. One of the
best courses that a young lady can take. The students manage
their own cottage under teacher supervision.

WILLIAM R. STRAUGHN, Ph. D., Principal

In 1920, a new era of expansion began when the Com-
monwealth purchased the school from the stockholders, and
the State Department of Education announced further changes
in the Normal School teacher training curriculum. Under
the new standards, only high school graduates could be ad-
mitted, and the two-year Normal course became recognized
as two years of regular college work. A year later in 1921,
the State Legislature made music a required subject in ele-
mentary schools and the demand for music teachers increased
sharply. Mansfield, along with West Chester and Indiana,
were made the official training centers for Public School Music
Supervisors, and eventually, Mansfield became the first state
teachers college in Pennsylvania to grant a degree in music
education.

To meet the new demands in education, Dr. Straughn
shifted the school's programs. By 1922, he phased out the
special programs in art, elocution, business, and college pre-
paratory; and he upgraded the teacher education, music, and
home economics programs. In teacher education, four curric-
ula were made available: Kindergarten-Primary, Intermediate
Grades 4-6; Grammar/Junior High School, 7-12; and, Rural
School Teaching. In the music program, the conservatory
course remained, but it became overshadowed by a new pro-
gram in Public School Music Supervision. In home economics,
the program was reorganized not only to meet the need for
home economics teachers, but to meet the expectations of the
"new woman" — that is, the woman who had just gained the
right to vote, who was intelligent, and who wanted to be the
ideal homemaker. In fact, one college brochure describing
home economics highlighted a quote attributed to Mrs. Calvin
Coolidge: "I look for a revival of the homey household arts.
Such a revival may not bring about the peace of nations, but
I firmly believe it will aid in bringing peace within our homes,
and this will be more far-reaching than we realize."

During the 20's, prospective students were told that
"there is but little sickness in Mansfield." The area was com-
monly described as "The Garden of the Six Nations" — allud-
ing to the Indian tribes that once lived in the region. Also,
with the growing popularity of the automobile and the newly
constructed Route 6, the brochures emphasized that "Mans-
field is favorably situated in relation to Pennsylvania's im-
proved roads . . . The Susquehanna Trail (Route 15) and
the Roosevelt Highway (Route 6) cross at Mansfield."

During this time, the enrollment expanded to about one
thousand students, and the school had some trouble accommo-
dating the growth. As a result, admission standards became
more selective, the free tuition policy was eliminated, an in-
creasing number of students were housed off-campus, the
school year was reduced from 40 to 36 weeks, the summer
school program was greatly expanded, and a branch of Mans-
field was established at Muncy.

Indicative of the pressure for housing, in 1927, prospec-
tive students were advised that all rooms had to be converted
to doubles. In fact, some of them were informed that they
might have to temporarily share a bed.

By the mid-20's, Dr. Straughn had become a prominent
advocate of raising the State Normal Schools to a collegiate
status. In 1926, the State Council of Education passed a reso-
lution authorizing Mansfield to offer Bachelor of Science de-
grees in elementary education, secondary education, music,
and home economics. However, due to a legislative error,
Mansfield officially remained a Normal School until May 1'3,
1927. On that day, Mansfield Normal became the first state
teachers college in Pennsylvania. Principal Straughn became
President Straughn.

Meanwhile, the school constructed a new house for the
President, a new YMCA building, a heating plant, a new
junior high school, and plans were prepared for the con-
struction of a new auditorium to replace the one in old Alumni
Hall.

Despite the newly attained collegiate status of the insti-
tution, students were referred to as "boys and girls" rather
than "ladies and gentlemen" or "males and females." The
terminology reflected the continuing paternalistic perspective
of the administration. In Dr. Straughn's view, student life was
to be closely supervised and it was to be based on the theme
that Mansfield provided "A Straight Path to a Higher Life."

Students were regularly lectured about proper etiquette.
Although church attendance became "advised" instead of "re-
quired," Straughn emphasized traditional religious values.
Students were told that their dress should be "simple," and
that "elaborate day and evening dresses should not be worn."
As a general rule, lights were supposed to be out at ten o'clock
in order that students received the proper rest. To maintain
the beauty and orderly appearance of the campus, Dr.
Straughn informed students that he would personally enforce
punishment of those who walked on the grass.

The students of the 20's were mostly females. In fact,
usually there were about three or four females for every male

student. The imbalance was obviously favorable for the male
who wanted a date, but it often meant that many females had
to organize their own activities. Thus, it is not surprising that
most of the new organizations of the 20's were for females:
Girls Athletic Club, Girls Hiking Club, Girls Outdoor Club,
Domicilian Club, Girls Dramatic Club, The Downtown Wom-
en's Council, and the Girls Glee Club. Most of the school rules
relating to curfews and smoking were more restrictive for the
females than for the males. However, it is also noteworthy
that while "the boys" were required to pay a deposit fee for
damages of ten dollars (§10.00), "the girls" only had to pay
five dollars ($5.00).

In sports, the competition became keener and the teams
did not do as well as in former years; however, the 1926 and
1929 basketball team did claim the state championship. Ten-
nis lost some of its popularity as more students turned to
swimming, hiking, and other outdoor activities. Musical pro-
grams, operas, plays, and carnivals were quite popular, and,
the main social event of the year became the Senior Prom. In
1921, the school newspaper was renamed The Semaphore, and
then in 1926, The Flashlight.

In general, the Roaring Twenties were reflected in life
at Mansfield. But, just as the- Stock Market Crash of '29 was
a setback in progress for the society in general, so too it
slowed growth at Mansfield.

MANSFIELD GRADUATES
AGAIN LEAD

In Wilkes-Barre Examinations All
Win High Positions.

Last June when examinations were given in
Wilkes-Barre for selection of candidates to fill city
teaching positions, there were representatives from
five Normal Schools, including Mansfield. The posi-
tions were awarded according to the ratings and all
Mansfield graduates passed with highest averages
and were awarded the positions. This same thing
has occurred many other times and we are proud
of the Alumni and the School that has such an en-
viable record.

Source: The Semaphore

November 27, 1920

INTERIOR OF YMCA

Y. M. C. A.

"Erected in 1920 in the rear of
the gymnasium, "The Y" is to be
devoted exclusively to the religious
and recreational activities of the
boys. They have their own building,
which contains reading room, rest
room, and a large auditorium. The
interior is as cozy as it is beautiful.
A large fire-place is in one end of
the building. Pennants, athletic
trophies and pictures of school or-
ganizations create an atmosphere of
activity and loyalty. A large porch,
ten feet wide, runs almost the entire
length of the building. The struc-
ture cost $10,000. Bowling alleys
will soon be added. This building is
under the supervision of a director.
It is felt that the use of this, as plan-
ned, will be a powerful uplift
among all boys, as it is in no way
sectarian. So far as we know, this is
the only building of its kind at any
of the schools, and is strictly in line
with the purposes of this school to
remain at the front in developing
young men."

Source:

The Normal Quarterly

August 1920

EXTERIOR OF YMCA

1920: A NEW
HOUSE WAS
CONSTRUCTED FOR
THE PRINCIPAL

100

/ / lanifield the ^J\eudt

one

The Thirteen Normal Schools are passing thru a reconstruction. We are proud that Mansfield has caught the
spirit, answered the challenge. Today, at the close of the first year of reconstruction, it stands out as setting a high-
water mark among the Normal Schools in Pennsylvania.

The idea behind the program of reconstruction is to make the teacher-training colleges of the State more effi-
ciently meet the responsibility of fitting teachers to instruct our youth and mold public opinion. To do this properly,
each School must reach out to the people with an interest more than purely local. The School must have a vision
State-wide in its conception, with an ambition unlimited in the purpose of service to humanity and society in general.
Such a program, efficient in the State, could not fail to be felt nationally, it would help solve the problems of adjust-
ment to effects of the World War.

Mansfield has admirably answered the challenge. We need only recall a few instances for proof that our Normal
stands upon a high plane of accomplishments and indeed deserves the title of "Keystone".

In November of this year, Mansfield, aided by the efforts of the Y. M. C. A., secured and made successful, the
First Annual Student Conference of State Normal School Young Men's Christian Associations. By making this a suc-
cess, has been instituted a program State-wide in its influence. Its aim to help the Schools train and develop young
men for Christian leadership, is big enough to make it everlasting important and desirable to continue.

Our Normal is the first in the State to provide its Y. M. C. A. with a building and our local Association is proof
of our advanced position in this respect.

Mansfield has been one of the three selected to maintain a Special Course in Music and its supervision for public
schools. Our Conservatory of Music has become State-wide in reputation thru "Old Pennsylvania of Mine", written by
our Supervisor, Dr. Butler. We rejoice with pride in this progressive position.

Our Y. M. C. A. has caught the spirit of Community Service and thru the splendid help of Dr. Straughn and the
co-operation of the School, their Gospel Team of young men was permitted the chance to reach the public in twenty-
two community programs. Their aim is to encourage young people to be strong in "Playing the Game and Winning in
Life," answering the call of an age which is demanding of them "For Man's sake to be Godly and for God's sake be
Manly." This is a new program for any Normal School and has opened a big field for the right kind of Service as well
as one of the best means for development of Christian leadership. The Y. W. C. A. has also sent out a Gospel Team of
young ladies and their program is large for next year.

May 14, 1921, the High Schools of this District were brought together by our Normal for the first time in a Field
Meet. Interest in this was large and the meet will be an annual institution from now on. This gives an incentive to
proper development and training of young men and young ladies in clean and wholesome athletics which contribute
toward success in later life.

Mansfield State Normal School is "there", she has "delivered the goods" of a big contract. To her belongs the high
position she has won with merit. To her also comes the responsibility of maintaining this position and setting the pace
for the whole teacher training force of Pennsylvania. She can do it. She will do it as long as her aims are high and
energy boundless. This year passes on to the next the torch held high. May it ever "Light the Way to Better Teaching."

—GEORGE E. HUNT
Source: The Semaphore, June 1920

101

1920's: HOME ECONOMICS PROGRAM EXPANDS.

102

1930's: MUSIC SUPERVISOR'S PROGRAM EXPANDS.
Students became known as "soupies".

CLASS OF 1923

103

1920's DORM ROOM

1926: STATE CHAMPIONSHIP TEAM

L-i

1920's: ROAD CONSTRUCTION. With more cars and improved roads, it became easier to travel to Mansfield. Commuting,
going home on weekends, and visiting by friends and family became more commonplace.

104

1920's: THE POOL. In order to swim in the pool an individual had to pass a special physical examination. Male and female
students usually swam at different times.

105

106

NORTH HALL RECEPTION ROOM

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108

1926: THE MANSFIELD STATE NORMAL BAND. Professor John Myers is the director.

1927: Mansfield Becomes Teachers College

Tuesday, October 25, 1927, was a memorable date in
the history of Mansfield State Normal School. At 11 o'clock
on that day Mr. Henry Klonower, representing the State De-
partment of Public Instruction, presented to the school through
Dr. William R. Straughn, a decree which gave the school full
power to give four year courses. With this came the power
to grant the Bachelor of Science degree.

109

Mansfield Students of the "Roaring Twenties"

MUSIC

J10&ii'aF'M»

©bAmAtic

Illustrations by "Tibby" (Stephen Budash '28)

111

1920's: FROM MANSFIELD TO
THE MAJOR LEAGUES

MIKE "Gazook" GAZELLA. Playing
with the New York Yankees, he shared
the limelight with such stars as Babe
Ruth and Lou Gehrig.

JOE SHAUTE. In 1904, he became
the first major league pitcher to win
twenty games. At the time, he pitched
for the Cleveland Indians.

112

RULES FOR THE SOPHOMORE HOP

After the dance Saturday night it was felt that
some new rules should be formed, so the self-
appointed committee for Bigger and Better Dances
got busy and this is the result of their labors:

1. Must not neck while dancing. (There is a time
for everything) .

2. Girls should touch lightly partners' elbow.
(And no love pats).

3. Must dance at least 13 V2 inches apart.

4. Dance with head and body erect, so that there
will be no friction.

5. Fellow must not stick out hips so girls can ride
them.

6. Should take slow stately steps regardless of the
music.

7. Dresses should be at least six inches below the
knees. (Short dresses will not be tolerated).

8. Must not crowd the faculty corner.

9. Conversation while dancing must pertain to
school, weather and true stories.

10. No moonlight dances as they are suggestive of
most anything in the minds of SOME people.

Source: Flashlight, February 27, 1928

RULE: NO WALKING ON THE GRASS

With the approach of spring comes danger to
the college campus. With the melting of winter
snows and the downfall of spring rains the campus
becomes soft and muddy. The greatest care must at
this time be taken to insure a beautiful lawn later in
the spring when students will appreciate it the most.

If thoughtless individuals go rambling across
the lawns, sliding down the terraces and cutting the
sod up in general, they are due for a much deserved
punishment. Dr. Straughn will deal personally with
any offenders. He realizes the value of a beautiful
campus and the necessity of unlimited care of it
at this time of the year. He wants every student to
feel some responsibility in gaining this end, a beau-
tiful campus. Later in the spring many visitors will
be coming to M. S. T. C and no student would be
proud of lawns made unsightly by terraces that were
cut up and lawns zig-zagged by a network of paths.

Come on, everybody, let's co-operate with Dr.

Straughn and help to keep the best looking college

campus in the state. It's part of your duty - don't fail.

Source: Flashlight, March 19, 1928

1920: Rule Bending

Cigarette smoking was forbidden to women, so
in the afternoon when classes were over, there was
an exodus to the cemetery on Pickle Hill. Students
smoked nervously behind the monuments and yet
felt secure in the knowledge that a graveyard was a
most unlikely place to look for transgressors. It was
a bit difficult to be decorous, choking and coughing
and scrunched down behind a tombstone.

The main objective in those days at Mansfield
was getting away from the campus on weekends, to
go to Elmira to to parties and dances not subject to
early curfew and chaperones. It was a matter of ac-
quiring a friend and co-conspirator in Mansfield and
to whose house one could sign out for two days. Com-
munity students were always geographically popular
as . . . well, popular.

Dancing in those days was a close encounter of
the Twenties kind — campy, cozy, and cohesive. It
involved the male clutching his partner to his manly
chest while skylarking around the dance floor cheek
to cheek. Invariably after a gym dance some of the
girls were invited into the dean's office for a lecture
on correct and ladylike deportment. And it was a
matter of extreme bitterness that the females were
always held solely responsible for the "improper"
shenanigans. Imitations of the dean delivering her
saintly sermons were a part of all dorm entertain-
ments. And, of course, when tar paper, to dim the
daylight was tacked over the gym windows for the
Frosh Frolic (at 4 p.m.) the decoration committee
received a memorable exhortation on "propriety"
and "seemly behavior."

In the late Twenties the MSC water tower hill
was a forest of trees and bushes, a veritable lovers'
nest, and officially off limits, but a scene of consider-
able illicit necking (a dowdy word that). To lolly-
gag in the shadow of a hemlock was shockingly sin-
ful and invited harsh penalties. Even so, the "shad-
ows" were often reserved by resourceful Romeos.

The MSC girls loved tennis and they were mad
at the current fashions, so they staged a fashion re-
bellion which brought forth a stern admonition and
a warning that calves were in and knees were out.
Tennis being what it is the beleaguered dean found it
difficult to enforce her idea of decorum in the midst
of a full-speed rally.

And students certainly did protest in those days,
and criticized professors and staged a rally now and
then. One lady teacher with a penchant for the
young men in her class gave all A's to the goldbrick-
ing males and C's and D's to the females. The re-
action was vocal, loud, hostile, and definitely unlady-
like and soon heard by the dean of instruction. After
investigation he negotiated a mutual concession deal
between the teacher and the indignant girls with
ERA in their hearts and term grades on their minds.
There is strength in union and a collective, indecor-
ous tantrum won that round.

Source: Phyllis Owen Swinsick,

"The Good Old Days at Mansfield
Offer Moments of Hilarity"
Wellsboro Gazette, November 24,
1982

113

Frosh Rules For Girls

Mansfield, Pa.
September 10, 1929
Dear Mother,

We arrived safely at Mans-
field about 4:30. I met several
nice girls, and I hope I like
school. Everything seems so
large and I'm afraid I'll get in-
to the wrong room.

When unpacked I missed my
ivory comb. I believe it's on my
dresser; also my white pumps
at the foot of my bed and I
must have my bathrobe, as it's
so cold up here in the hills. To-
night for dinner we had boiled
potatoes and roast beef and
gravy. Nobody ate much. I
was hungry, but didn't eat. If
you have time, send me a choc-
olate cake and some sandwich-
es and a few pickles, too; any-
thing will taste good.

I must go to a meeting for
the freshmen, will write later.

Love,
Mary

The purpose of initiating the Fresh-
men is to help them become better ac-
quainted with upperclassmen and
rules of M. S. T. C. Remember, girls,
we were all frosh at one time, so be
a sport! All rules last for a period of
one week unless otherwise stated.

Begins September 16, continues to
September 22:

1. Know school songs and cheers
by the end of the first week.

2. Know Social Regulations in a
general way by October 1st. Examin-
ation will be given by Tribunal.

3. Don't cut chapel, classes, or
friends.

4. Freshmen girls shall announce
arrival of callers on social evenings
— as appointed by Tribunal.

5. Freshmen may not wear athletic
letters or numerals earned in any
other school or college except Mans-
field.

6. Deference must be shown to fac-
ulty and upper classmen.

(a) Open doors for faculty and up-
perclassmen.

(b) Rise when spoken to by faculty
and upperclassmen.

7. Freshmen may not use the up-
holstered furniture until after Thanks-
giving.

8. All freshmen must stay in M. S.
T. C. the second week-end unless giv-
en special permission by Tribunal.

9. Freshmen must greet all persons
they meet on campus.

10. All freshmen must attend all
college athletic events, all class meet-
ings and pep meetings.

11. By October 1st all freshmen

must pay class dues, $1.00, and stu-
dent government dues, 50e.

12. All frosh girls must wear two
green head bands touching the top of
the eye-brow. After September 20th,
these bands must be transferred from
the head to the arm, until October 1.

13. Wear lisle stockings for a per-
iod of two weeks, beginning Septem-
ber 16.

Note — Lisle stockings will be nec-
essary for gymnasium work.

14. No cosmetics or jewelry of any
kind may be worn for a period of one
week, beginning September 16.

15. No dates to be accepted by
Frosh unless granted permission by a
member of the Tribunal. If the Trib-
unal sees fit such date must be accom-
panied by a chaperone.

16. A green crepe made of crepe
paper must be hung in the middle of
the door of each frosh's room. Names
must be placed above these crepes.

17. All frosh must sit in their des-
ignated section at chapel.

18. Frosh girls must not converse
with frosh fellows.

19. Frosh girls must surrender ten-
nis courts after their first set, to the
uperclassmen, during first month of
school.

20. Roll call will be taken at all
times when freshmen are assembled
by Tribunal.

21. If at any time the members of
Tribunal are in need of assistance,
frosh must do so joyfully.

22. Tribunal will give permission to
any upperclassmen to punish any dis-
respectful frosh when reported.

Source : The Flashlight

September 13, 1929

114

STUDYING IN THE LIBRARY

115

116

STRAUGHN AUDITORIUM

1930-1939

STRAUGHN AUDITORIUM

The Great Depression stymied the growth of the col-
lege. After having an enrollment of over one thousand
students during the 1920's, there was a steady enrollment
decline. In the fall of 1930, there were 746 students enrolled;
by 1935, the figure slipped to 600, and by 1939 to about 570
students. Still, throughout this period, Mansfield remained
one of the largest of the fourteen state colleges, usually fourth
in enrollment behind Indiana, West Chester, and Slippery
Rock.

Despite a decrease in enrollment, Mansfield developed in
other respects: several new buildings were constructed, aca-
demic standards became more vigorous, and the school as-
sumed a more collegiate-like atmosphere.

The decade began in the fall of 1930 with the dedication
of Straughn Auditorium, a beautiful building named in honor
of the college president. The fact that the building was named
after Straughn reflected his tremendous influence and respect
among both faculty and students. At the same time, while the
construction of Straughn Audiorium represented the beginning
of a new era, the closing up of the North Hall "Well"
symbolized the end of a former era. For almost fifty years,
students could stand in the heart of North Hall and look up-
ward with awe, often hearing the sounds of music at the very
top of the building. During the annual Christmas celebration
students on each floor gathered at the well to sing in unison.
But, in the interest of safety, the state requested that the well
be sealed off on each floor.

In 1931 it was expected that students would spend four
years preparing to be teachers. As a consequence, a wide
range of other changes took place. Course offerings were ex-
panded, library holdings increased, and social life began to
reflect the differences between the two-year and the four-year
student.

The students of the 30's remained mostly females who
were interested in becoming teachers. For example, in 1932,

117

about 75% of the students were females. There were no
blacks, and no foreign students. There were only seventeen
students from New York state, and one each from New Jersey,
North Carolina, and Massachusetts. With regard to religious
preference, most of the students were Protestants. For ex-
ample, among the music students in 1932, there were twelve
Methodists, four Presbyterians, three Lutherans, two Baptists,
and one each of the Church of Christ, United Brethren, Evan-
gelical, and Episcopalian faiths. At the time, there were no
Jews and four Catholics.

Interestingly, during this time the Irish influence which
had begun in the 20's became more pronounced as students
shared in special interest in the Irish music, and literature.
Also, it is noteworthy that debating became quite popular.
In fact, in 1931 Mansfield State Teachers College formally
established debate teams and engaged in debates with Clarion,
Bloomsburg, Elmira, and Kalamazoo Teachers College. The
topics were as follows: resolved, that the present chain store
tendency is detrimental to the American people; resolved,
that state medicine should be adopted; and, resolved, that the
European indictment of American culture is justified.

In 1933 the school began to restrict enrollment to 200
freshmen and admission standards were upgraded. Fresh-
men were expected to be in the upper half of their high school
class, and before being accepted, each one had to have a per-
sonal interview to demonstrate that he was "free from any
physical or mental defect." Indicative of the "bright new
Mansfield student" of the 30's is the fact that over 10% of
students in the freshman class of 1933 had been either the
valedictorian or salutatorian of their high school class.

Due to the increasing cost of providing activities for stu-
dents, in 1933 the school began to impose a student activity
fee. The fees were used to support a wide range of new
activities. During this time, the popularity of the YMCA
and YWCA began to wane in favor of a host of newly organ-
ized Greek fraternities and sororities among which were
Kappa Delta Pi, Phi Sigma Pi, Phi Mu Alpha, Pi Gamma Mu,
Landa Mu, and Omicron Gamma Pi. At the same time
the initiation/hazing of freshmen became quite popular;
student government assumed a more direct role in student
affairs; Homecoming Day was instituted (1936); and, the
tennis, wrestling, and football teams gained prominence. In
1935, and again in 1937, the wrestling teams were undefeated ;
and in 1938, the football team was undefeated. In fact, the
1938 football squad is considered one of the best in the col-
lege's history insofar as only two points were scored against
the team.

Amidst the many changes among the students, there
were also transitions in the leadership of the institution. In
1936, after twenty-four years of service. Dr. Straughn died at
the age of fifty-four. His friend, Dr. Arthur Belknap, then
served as acting president, until the appointment of Dr.
Joseph F. Noonan about a year later.

Dr. Noonan was the first Catholic to become president
of the college and his selection by the Board met with some
religious prejudice. Nonetheless, Noonan quickly proved his
administrative skill in reshaping the institution so that it would
be less paternalistic and more "student-centered." He initi-
ated a re-organization of the Student Government Association
so that it would have more influence, and he urged student
groups to become affiliated at the national level. He also in-
stituted an advisory system under which each faculty member
was assigned responsibility for 12 to 15 students. To broaden
the intellectual experience at Mansfield, Noonan invited a
wide range of lecturers to visit the campus.

During Noonan's administration, a major construction
program was undertaken to upgrade the facilities. Three
buildings were completed: an arts building, to house the
music and home economics departments, art and health class-
rooms, and the home management apartment; a new gym-
nasium; and a new elementary training school building (later
named Retan Center).

The site of the construction of the Arts Building be-
came somewhat controversial because it greatly changed the
visual appearance of the campus from downtown. Many
townspeople wanted the lawns preserved so that North Hall
would remain more dominant in its appearance. Moreover,
many of them felt that it detracted from the beauty of
Straughn Auditorium. Nonetheless, the administration was
unable to find another suitable site.

At the same time, with the construction of the new gym,
the old one became the Student Center. And, with the new
Education Center, the former Model School Building (Belk-
nap Hall) was converted into college classrooms and offices.

It is noteworthy that throughout the 30's, the state col-
leges often charged that the state was "starving" them in
order to feed the state-related schools such as Penn State. As
a result, many people were surprised that Mansfield received

118

the large appropriation for construction. It is difficult to as-
sign credit for Mansfield's success in gaining support from
Governor Earle's administration, but certainly some of it must
be given to Mary Mclnroy (later Mary Mclnroy Shaffer). A
Mansfield graduate, she had become quite active in Demo-
cratic politics during Governor Earle's administration. Her
service as chairperson of the college Board of Trustees during
this period was probably a helpful factor in the college's suc-
cess in obtaining state support. But in 1938, with the election
of a Republican governor, both she and President Noonan
were removed for political reasons.

On August 1, 1938, Dr. Lester Ade, former State Super-
intendent of Public Instruction, succeeded Dr. Noonan as
president of the college. That same year, the state began to
require four years of training in order for one to receive a
teaching certificate, thereby setting the stage for further
changes at Mansfield during the 40's.

GLIMPSE OF NORTH HALL WELL. Imagine looking up-
ward five stories with students from each floor gathered at
the well and singing.

THE WELL. According to a legend, at one time, a lovely
music student sitting on the rail of the well on the upper-
most floor of North Hall. Inspired, she began singing the Alma
Mater with such beauty that all of the girls living there im-
mediately stopped what they were doing and went to listen
to her in awe. In their presence the young lady sang with even
greater enchantment. But soon she reached a point of such
emotion that she slipped and fell into the well. Of course,
upon seeing her fall, the students screamed with horror, but
the young lady did not. Instead, as she fell, she continued to
sing the Alma Mater. In fact, for the few moments, it could be
heard above the screams. It is said that the young lady was
the most beautiful woman ever to appear on the Mansfield
campus and that her spirit still seeks the hearts of Mansfield
music students. It is also said that if one looks closely at the
floor of the well one can find the imprint of her body. It
moves in the rhythm of the Alma Mater.

119

120

SCIENCE BUILDING

^^?.

V-L-t-t ■?

l^«*i

STRAUGHN HALL (Back View).

Editorial :
DRESS CONSCIOUSNESS AT MANSFIELD

Watch people as they go about the campus. Is
that a more becoming coiffure? Is that a more care-
fully gowned girl? Is that scheme of contrasting
colors better than that girl has usually worn? Every
girl is trying to sell her personality, especially, future
teachers. Girls should wrap their personalities at-
tractively.

Source: Flashlight, February 27, 1932

1933: THE ROSS MULTIPLE PIANO. It was patented by
Prof. R. Wilson Ross of the music department. Its purpose
was to enable a music teacher to instruct five or more students
at one time with the "equal efficiency of the usual private
lesson."

122

CAFETERIA BREAKFAST
A NEW FEATURE

A formal breakfast at a fixed hour
became a thing of the past at the
Mansfield State Teachers College this
week, when the institution's new caf-
eteria plan became effective. Students
now enjoy individual service from
7:00 to 9:00 each morning, a real
convenience for those who have no
early classes.

There is a possibility that the ser-
vice may be extended later to include
luncheon.

Source: The Flashlight

September 17, 1934

MONOPOLY STARTED AT
MANSFIELD

Monopoly, the game which is
sweeping the country today, was be-
ing played in Mansfield more than 20
years ago, according to Dr. William
E. Straughn, president of the college,
who gave the details, which follow:

In the fall of 1914, Dr. Scott W.
Nearing, then instructor in economics
at the Wharton School of Finance,
Philadelphia, devised a game which
he named Real Estate. This he used
in his classes to demonstrate the work-
ings of great corporations and com-
panies. During the Christmas holi-
days, several of Dr. Nearing's students
introduced the game in Mansfield,
where it became quite popular. Some
outfits have been preserved to date.

When Monopoly first made its
appearance last spring, Dr. Straughn
and other Mansfield people recognized
it immediately as Real Estate under
another name. Excepting minor vari-
ations, the two games are identical.

Source: Flashlight

February, 1936

1936: "MY MARYLAND" OPERA.

123

TABLE TENNIS

CLASS IN HOUSECLEANING. Miss May Matson, Home
Economics Instructor, is supervising.

MISS LU HARTMAN, Professor of Home Economics

124

HOME ECONOMICS COTTAGE

J W BH^BI

MMH

W *

■i —

126

Arcade

127

16t'9"M

128

MRS. GRACE STEADMAN, Professor of Music.

RECOLLECTIONS: POLITICS AND THE BOARD

Mary Mclnroy Sheffer ('21)

I was appointed as a trustee of the Mansfield State Teach-
ers College by Gov. Earle (elected in 1934) and David L. Law-
rence, Democrat state chairman. My mentor, Emma Guffey
Miller, Democrat National Committeewoman and sister of
U. S. Senator Joseph F. Guffey, requested that my appoint-
ment be made with the understanding of the other board mem-
bers that I be named chairman of the board.

I had requested, and Gov. Earle nominated, one holdover
from the old board, Mrs. Mary V. Darrin. Her appointment
had been made originally by Gov. Pinchot. She was the sister
of the late E. A. Van Valkenburg, well known Philadelphia
newspaper publisher and editor and one of former Pres. Theo-
dore Roosevelt's closest friends. Both Miss Marion Stone, an-
other member, and Mrs. Darrin were my very dear friends.

One of my first unexpected observations in presiding at
board meetings was that Dr. Straughn was accustomed to out-
lining and really conducting the business of the meetings. The
fact that I had my agenda set up seemed to irritate Dr.
Straughn. In retrospect, I can understand and sympathize
with his position.

Dr. Straughn passed away on August 21, 1936. At his
funeral I had a very upsetting experience when I heard some-
one say loud enough for me to hear, "Wouldn't you think she'd
have the good taste to stay at home?" This was simply an
example of some of the encounters I would be experiencing as
a board member.

I soon learned that any decision concerning the college
was expected to have the approval of four townsmen of Mans-
field: Percy Coles, pharmacist; Edwin Coles, editor of the
weekly Mansfield Advertiser; A. H. Vosburg, local banker
and owner of the town's only ice cream parlor; and, Herbert
Peterson, local merchant and Chamber of Commerce presi-
dent. These gentlemen were leading Republicans in town, and
our board, with one exception, was made up of Democrats!

The Board's immediate concern was to find a new presi-
dent for the college. We expected to conduct a search, but
we had learned that the State Superintendent of Public In-
struction, Dr. Lester K. Ade, already had someone in mind
whom he expected us to elect to the position of president.

Dr. Ade's preemptory attitude did not "set well" with

me as chairman of the board. He was persistent and began
calling the men board members individually to Harrisburg
for conferences and to see favor. This further annoyed me,
especially since I had learned that his proposed nominee, a
former school official in a distant part of the state, had already
been requested to relinquish his position there.

The "cat and mouse" game grew in intensity. At each
of our board meetings, one of the gentlemen members would
quote Dr. Ade and speak in defense of his candidate. In the
meantime, Mrs. Darrin, Miss Stone and I stood firm and con-
tinued to seek a desirable candidate of our own selecting, not
one dictated to us.

Having learned of a very fine school superintendent in
Mahonoy City, Schuylkill County. Miss Stone and I went there
to observe Dr. Joseph F. Noonan. We were delighted with
what we saw and heard, and then we contacted the president
of the local school board. He stated that he didn't know how
the board would get along without Dr. Noonan, but that he
would not stand in his way were we to select him.

Since I was employed in Harrisburg I was commuting to
Mansfield practically every weekend for Saturday morning
board meetings. One of the gentlemen would get up to nom-
inate Dr. Ade's candidate or speak in opposition to anyone
else being nominated, and I would rap my gavel and an-
nounce the meeting in recess. Our campaign grew hotter,
especially since we hadn't consulted the gentlemen in town
about what their wishes were.

Finally on March 13, 1937 the gentlemen, quite worn out.
ceased their opposition, and Dr. Noonan, after a favorably
received personal appearance before the board, was elected.

Dr. Ade wasn't giving up easily and continued agitation
against our selection, but the appointment was finally made
effective May 1st.

Dr. Noonan assumed office immediately and began a de-
tailed reorganization of all branches of the school's admini-
stration and activities. One of his first expressed views was
that we needed another building to take care of the proposed
increase in official activities. He also called for a greatly in-
creased budget to include erection of the new building. The
board stood solidly behind his recommendations. One of them
was the need for a replacement for a disintegrating water
reservoir. This was done in due time.

As I look back now on what was really only a two-year
(1937-39) association, it seems incredible to me that' Dr.
Noonan and the board accomplished so much.

129

Even before Dr. Noonan was officially appointed, there
was a new problem to be faced. A rumor had been circulated
all over Tioga County that Dr. Noonan was Roman Catholic
and that I was personally interested in turning MSC into a
Catholic school. Further, it was rumored that the Pope would
be dictating the administration of the college. Remember, this
was not many years after the hotly contested presidential cam-
paign between Herbert Hoover and Alfred E. Smith for the
U. S. presidency.

On Dr. Noonan's arrival on campus, crosses in various
parts of the country were burned, reputedly by anti-Catholic
Ku Klux Klan members. I was referred to as "that girl" who
would be introducing religious controversy into school affairs.
Many folks, whom I considered friends, no longer spoke to me.
Neither did the townsfolk. My father was bombarded by
phone calls and even personal attacks by former friends. To
add to the controversy was the fact that our Democrat county
committee chairman, Joseph T. King, prominent Lawrence-
ville businessman, was of the Catholic faith.

Some of the attacks on me were so vicious that my father
would not allow me to drive alone at night. I always had to
be home at an appointed hour since he feared someone might
"run me off the road."

Somehow I lived through the controversy, and eventually
it died down. Dr. Noonan's accomplishments and his com-
plete dedication to the welfare of the college became more
and more apparent.

But ... !

A new controversy developed. Dr. Noonan's recommen-
dation for the new Home Economics building on the north-
west corner of the campus was approved by the board as was
the budget, including costs. The project was ready for de-
velopment. But it seemed we had omitted one of the un-
written laws. We hadn't consulted the town's businessmen
about where we would locate the building.

The corner selected was locally and vocally opposed. It
developed that the townspeople objected because the view
of North Hall from the main street would be obstructed.

On the day that I turned the first shovel full of soil for
the foundation of the building, there were only four people
to witness the occasion: Miss Stone, Mrs. Darrin, Dr. Noonan
and Herbert Peterson, Chamber of Commerce president.

Later in Straughn Hall there was an official dedication
ceremony. I had asked Gov. Earle to officiate at the dedica-
tion. There was a hue and cry that the "Governor will never

come here!" But we went on with our plans. I was to speak
and introduce the Governor. To local amazement, Gov. Earle
arrived by plane. He landed in Williamsport and drove in
just in time for the program. The auditorium was filled with
many folks who were convinced he would not attend. I am
forever grateful to him.

I truly enjoyed every moment of my time as a member
of the board. I recall that whenever our board meetings pre-
ceded the college's luncheon hour, the trustees were invited
to stay for lunch. One of my "pride and joy" duties included
entering the dining room in North Hall, accompanied by Dr.
Noonan and others, to the head table while the students, al-
ready at their tables, stood and turned toward us. I could not
help but remember how I had stood at attention during my
undergraduate days when Dr. Straughn and his entourage
entered the dining room.

In the fall of 1938, Arthur James was elected governor
and the Republican Party returned to state power. Our board
met with Dr. Noonan and after summarizing our brief but
very busy tenure, it was agreed that on the day after the in-
auguration in January 1939 each board member would volun-
tarily write and send a letter of resignation. This was a usual
procedure since college trustees were subject to political
patronage.

Imagine our surprise the second day after the inaugura-
tion when each of us received a certified letter notifying us
that under provisions of the law we had been removed from
the board! We did not need a 3? postage stamp and letter
of resignation as we had planned.

We had never inquired if Dr. Noonan had political views.
I assumed because of his very successful administration of
college affairs that he would be retained. Soon, however, he
was dismissed. In turn, he was elected president of the East
Stroudsburg STC. He remained there until he resigned to
enter business in Philadelphia.

I am one of twenty-one first cousins in the Mclnroy fam-
ily on my father's side. Seventeen of us graduated from Mans-
field.

I've always felt indebted to MSTC for the teacher train-
ing I received there and the friendships I made that continue
to this day. I had many activities and duties in the State De-
partment of Labor and Industry and in branches of the Demo-
crat Party, but I hold my responsibilities at Mansfield in un-
surpassed regard. Mansfield has a proud heritage and, in my
opinion, has always lived up to it!

130

I ft

DR. JOSEPH F. NOONAN
President, 1937-39

1938: GROUND BREAKING (Arts
Building). Miss Mary Mclnroy, Chair-
man of the Board of Trustees is stand-
ing with the shovel.

1940: NEW GYMNASIUM.

1939: DEDICATION OF
BUILDING. Gov. Earle is
ground.

THE ARTS
in the fore-

1940: ARTS (Home Economics
and Music) BUILDING.

1940: NEW EDUCATION CENTER.

INITIATION

WRESTLING

MADRIGRAL SINGERS

132

MODEL SCHOOL

Front row — Bonner, Zavacky, Brannan, Cecere, Dowd, Sito, Cheplick, Sloan, Lentini, Carter. Second row — Terry, Feldman,
Manley, Scanlon, Yurcic, Smith, Lock, Jones, Silvi, Cunningham, Sheesley, Benson. Third row — Mahon, assistant manager;
Butsavage, trainer; McGinley, Kisiliewski, Marcikonis, Hazelwood, assistant coach; Brion, Dwyer, Taylor, Casselbury, Coach
Martin, graduate manager VanNorman.

133

*c*o£"r st

1939: MAP OF GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS

134

DR. LESTER ADE
President, 1940-41

1940-1949

DR. WILLIS PRATT
President, 1941-43

The 40's were turbulent times for Mansfield as the war
brought many changes: there were three different presidents;
the enrollment fluctuated dramatically; cooperative nursing
programs were instituted, and, the sex and age composition
of the student body changed. At the beginning of the decade
the student body consisted of mostly females, during the war
it became almost exclusively females, but then during the post-
war period, with an influx of ex-GI's, it became mostly males.

The 40's started with great expectations. The campus
had a forward-looking appearance with the new buildings
constructed in the late 30's and most people felt that the in-
stitution was well-prepared to experience an era of expansion.
In the fall of 1940, the new president. Lester Ade, established
an Educational Museum in the former Model School to en-
hance the image of Mansfield as the center for educational
resources in the region. In addition, during his administration,
a Psycho-Educational Clinic was created to serve the needs of
school children in the region who were experiencing difficul-
ties in adjusting to educational and social situations.

In October of 1941, Dr. Ade was succeeded by Dr. Willis
Pratt — a 35 year-old native of Pittsburgh who had been the
superintendent of schools in Erie County. Quickly, Dr. Pratt
sought to redefine the college's role in what he termed "the
struggle to maintain the democracy." As a consequence, he
organized a wide range of war-related activities. For example,
a special Red Cross Nursing Home course was organized; a
national defense book campaign was held; and Student Cadet
Nursing programs were established in cooperation with Rob-
ert Packer Hospital (Sayre) and the Hahnemann Hospital
School of Nursing (Scranton). At the same time, too, as a
war emergency measure, in 1942, the school announced a
special three-year program to enable students to attain the
bachelor degree. Under the plan, for the first time, students
attended school for three straight years without a summer
break. In January 1943, as a further effort to meet the war-
time demands for training, Mansfield began to admit high
school seniors who had completed all but the last half-year

135

of the standard secondary course. To facilitate educational
opportunities for full-time workers, the college offered a va-
riety of courses on Saturdays.

In June of 1943, the trend of two-year presidents con-
tinued when Dr. Pratt accepted a commission in the Military
Government Division of the United States Army, and Mr.
James Morgan became the president. Unlike his predeces-
sors, Mr. Morgan was thoroughly familiar with Mansfield.
He had come to Mansfield in 1921 as Dean of Instruction and
he had gained a great deal of respect and popularity. As ad-
vice to students, he often referred to a philosophical quote
attributed to William James: "The great use of life is to spend
it for something that outlasts it."

Among students, President Morgan was affectionately re-
ferred to as "The Prexy." Morgan fostered student pride in
the efforts of the institution to meet national needs, and he
took special steps to honor the fifteen Mansfield students who
died in the war.

During the war, due to an uncertain male enrollment and
the rationing of gas and tires, it was necessary to curtail the
male intercollegiate sports program. Though disheartening
for the few remaining male students, the action did have a
positive side insofar as it afforded a unique opportunity for
female students to use the sports facilities to develop their
talents through an intramural program. It is noteworthy too
that during the war, females assumed many leadership roles
in the institution which had previously been held by male
students. For example, in 1940, for the first time, a female
(Margaret Thomas) became editor of the Flashlight.

In 1946, with the return of male students, intercollegiate
sports enjoyed a spectacular revival. In fact, both the un-
defeated 1946 football team and the 1947 team won the
state championship. With the influx of GI's, enrollment soared
and the school faced a shortage of housing. To accommo-
date students, Alumni Hall was used for temporary housing.
At the same time, as the traditional teacher training pro-
grams regained popularity and enrollment climbed, the school
eliminated a program under which about 100 Penn State
freshmen attended Mansfield before going on to University
Park.

By 1949, the campus began to once again settle back to
the atmosphere of the "pre-war era." The green skivvies and
military jackets became less apparent. The "bull sessions"
reverted from war stories to dating, new cars, and "what I'll
do when I graduate." It was a period of settling.

1940's: SHUFFLEBOARD

1940's: BOXING

136

1940's: RECOMMENDED WARDROBES

Female Students

The dormitory, the classroom, and the village
of Mansfield naturally govern the appropriate type
of dress. Since youthful simplicity characterizes the
wardrobe of the well-bred student, sports clothes and
tailored frocks are first on the list which follows:

1. Three wool skirts

2. Six sweaters or blouses

3. Two cotton dresses

4. Two simple silk or wool dresses

5. One evening gown

6. One heavy coat

7. One sports jacket

8. One pair of sport shoes

9. One pair of evening slippers
10. One pair of dress slippers

-'3 ^ *^PJ» -»•

7»J i i ^

Male Students

It is suggested that a standard of personal
grooming and appropriateness be set up and main-
tained dictating the type of informal and formal
clothing to be selected.

1. Slacks and sweaters or jackets

2. One dark suit or one mixed color suit

3. One light topcoat

4. One heavy topcoat

5. One pair of sport shoes

6. One pair of dress shoes

Source: MSTC Catalog, 1940-41

137

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1942-1946: Anne Gordon Goes To
Mansfield State Teachers College

Anne Gordon was a high school senior when she ate a
special salad prepared by Jane Martin, a Mansfield home-
making student. It was so good that Anne became interested
in going to Mansfield to learn homemaking. In turn, she
attended a conference for homemakers at Mansfield at
which she was informed, "Homemaking isn't just cooking
and sewing: it is everything which makes for more effec-
tive and happy personal and family living."

Anne next met with Miss Wittemeyer, her high school
guidance instructor. Miss Wittemeyer was quite enthusias-
tic in supporting Anne's interest in Mansfield. She praised
the program.

Miss Wittemeyer told Anne: "Today, in professions
and industries, women are placed on pretty much the same
level as men. This means that the work of women in the
home has been revised, that attitudes have changed, and
that new demands must be met if one is to attain worthy
home membership. This is where homemaking education
may be most practically applied. Therefore Anne, on com-
pleting the homemaking education courses at Mansfield you

should be one of the new skilled workers who will help
make these necessary changes."

Anne entered Mansfield and on Homecoming Day she
met Jane Martin. As the girls entered North Hall, Jane
asked Anne: "And how do you like Mansfield and home-
making?"

"Simply swell Jane — even better than you told me it
would be," answered Anne. "Not only is there fascinating
study and experiment, there's loads of fun — never a dull
moment."

"Well, the next three years are going to be even more
exciting," predicted Jane. "Next year, besides continuing
your study of foods and clothing, you'll have the course in
consumer education and that unforgettable course in ap-
plied design, in which you study the history of costume and
make those adorable marionettes illustrating the dress of

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138

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various periods. Remember the Queen Elizabeth on my bed
at home? She was my project."

After commencement, Anne lay on a hammock discus-
sing her future with her aunt. The aunt asked : "Anne, what
are you going to do with that degree?"

'- »-i. '

'<*\r>l

Anne smiled. "Well Auntie, with that degree, I could
do a lot of things. Want to know what?"

Susan Gordon nodded.

"Well, I could enter any one of a number of commer-
cial or industrial fields. I could become a dietitian, a stylist,
an interior decorator, a master saleswoman; and, finan-
cially, I probably could do better following one of these
aspects of homemaking than following some others."

"Or, I can teach, work with young people — whom I
love — continue to grow in my profession, and contribute
something to the community."

"Or," interposed Susan Gordon, "marry some nice
young man, be a homemaker for yourself rather than for
somebody else, and forget all these ideas of being a career
woman."

Anne laughed. "Not so fast, Auntie. Just 'some' nice
young man won't do. It's got to be a particular nice young
man; and right now he has all he can manage if he is to
complete his medical course next year."

"No, I'm not ready to marry yet anyway, Aunt Sue,"
continued the girl. "First I want to teach — to pass on some
of the skills I have learned and the ways of life I have
mastered, and to play an active part in the life of my com-
munity and my country."

Source: Abbreviated account from a brochure entitled
Anne Gordon, Homemaker which was used to advertise the
Homemaking Department during the early 1940's. Anne
was a mythical student who represented the ideals of the
department.

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139

1943: MR. JAMES MORGAN, President

140

'WAR YEARS" BAND (all female)

141

1943: MANSFIELD GRADUATE IS

CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE
PENNSYLVANIA SUPREME COURT

CHIEF JUSTICE GEORGE MAXEY
He graduated from Mansfield in 1896.

GEORGE W. MAXEY was born in Forest
City, Susquehanna County, on February 14,
1878, son of Benjamin and Margaret Evans
Maxey. He attended the public schools of
his native town. He was graduated from
the State Normal School at Mansfield in 1S96,
from the College Department of the Uni-
versity of Michigan in 1902, and the Law
Department of the University of Pennsyl-
vania in 1906. He was admitted to the Bar
and immediately began the practice of law at
Scranton. He was elected district attorney
in 1913 and was re-elected in 1917. In 1919
he was elected judge of the Court of Com-
mon Pleas of Lackawanna County for a ten-
year term and was re-elected in 1 929 as the
candidate of both the Republican and Demo-
cratic narties. He was elected justice of the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, November
4, 1930, for the full term of twenty-one
years, term to begin on January 5. 1931, but
due to the resignation of Chief Justice von
Moschzisker, effective November 24, 1930,
and the consequent promotion of the senior
Justice Robert S. Frazer, to the office of
Chief Justice, there impended a six weeks'
vacancy on the Supreme Court. Thereupon,
the then justice-elect, was commissioned as a
justice of the Supreme Court f-ir six weeks,
by Governor John S. Fisher. He entered
upon his six weeks' appointive .erm on No-
vember 24, 1930, and his full elective term
on January 4, 1931. He became Chief Jus-
tice on January 4, 1943. His term expires
on the first Monday of January, 1952. He
married Miss Lillian Danvers, of Scranton,
in 1916. They have three children, Mary, now
Mrs. George J. Schautz, Jr., Dorothy, now
Mrs. Lesley McCreath, Jr., and Lillian Lou-
ise. The honorary degree of Doctor of Laws
has been conferred uoon him by the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania, Temple University, and
The Citadel, the Military College of South
Carolina. He resides in Scranton.

1945: HUGH JENNINGS, FORMER MANSFIELD

STUDENT IS ELECTED TO THE

BASEBALL HALL OF FAME

"Baseball buffs recognize the name immedi-
ately, but those who do not will recognize that his
record speaks for itself. Hughie was an 18-year
major league veteran who attended Mansfield in
1886 . . . He then went on to play shortstop for
Baltimore of the National League in his prime."

Jennings' real fame came after his playing days
as a manager for the Detroit Tigers. He still owns a
major league record by winning American League
pennants in his first three years as a manager.

While Jennings was managing his last years
with the Tigers, two names were dominating the
Normal School's athletic teams. They were Joseph
Shaute and Michael Gazella. Both were outstanding
collegiate football and basketball players, but it
would be on the baseball field that they would play
professionally.

Source: Stan Heaps, "Early Sports
at Mansfield State Normal School,"
pages 75-93. In From Buckskin to
Baseball, edited by Paul O'Rourke.
Wellsboro : Tioga County Historical
Society, 1978.

142

1946: UNDEFEATED CHAMPIONS (Victory Squad)

Front row — R. Martin, P. Volante. Second row — R. Kodish, W. Wood, G. McEneny, R. Leskinski, N. Faduska, J. Azain, R.
Magalski, F. Marra, J. Dunbar, A. Amendola, D. Cheplick, J. Bobkowski, R. Grant. Third row — Dr. Nosal, L. Scudder, J.
Walsh, L. Overdorf, R. Kirshner, R. Bowman, P. Pazahanick, J. Katusz, T. Novak, P. Cunningham, S. Malle, C. Kovaleski, J.
O'Donnel, J. Harrington, Mr. Van Norman. Fourth row — Mr. Pearcy, Mr. Casey, Mr. Decker, T. Randon, B. Johnson, C. Wa-
silewski, F. Raykovitz, T. Dombroski, E. Wilson, A. Sundberg, V. Magdelinskas, F. Juzinak, L. McGinley, R. English.

143

144

BIG BAND ERA

1947-48: Smoking and Skirt Length

THEY JUST FOUND A GIRL WITH THE RIGHT-LEN<5TH

SKIRT. "

STUDENTS OPINION ABOUT NEW STYLE SKIRTS

"I think that the new style is perfect. Although I do not wear long
dresses, I definitely believe that the style is here to stay. It makes a
woman look more feminine than the ordinary short dresses."

— Beverly Evans, Corning, N. Y.

"Women are not going to accept the longer lengths because they
dress to please the men and the men are definitely not in favor of the
changed styles. I don't intend to conform to the idea. I definitely be-
lieve that they will be on their way out within the next year."

— Donna Jean Fox, Susquehanna, Pa.

"I think they look silly. I am definitely against it. I feel that a
dress is like a sentence, it should be long enough to cover the subject."

— Stanley Evans, Olyphant, Pa.

"I am definitely against the long skirts. Some Madame Fifi from
Paris gets a crazy notion of lowering the skirts and our giddy stylists
follow her with the monkey see, monkey does attitude."

— Francis Stracka, Peckville, Pa.

Source: The Flashlight, October 1947

FEMALE SMOKERS ORGANIZE CLUB IN NORTH HALL

One of the most informal and necessary (to some stu-
dents) organizations on the college campus is the "600 Club."
This group is made up of all those who indulge in the habit,
be it bad or good as you may think, of smoking. The room
set aside for this congregation of girls is situated on the beau-
tiful and picturesque sixth floor of North Hall. From the win-
dows of this large and spacious room one may see the breath-
taking view of the town and surrounding countryside, if you
can see it through the blue, dense smoke always being emitted
from its doors and cracks.

Miss Patricia Rohrery is the ringleader of the group being
honored by the members as holder of the office of president.
Her henchmen are Miss Patricia Wells, who keeps track of
all the latest gossip which flows freely from the walls, "Bub-
bles" Dader, who rakes in all the "dough," and those girls
from the respective classes who try in vain to keep in line all

their members, Jean Ford, Senior; Lyn Fehr, Junior; Elaine
Davis, Sophomore; and Audrey Gombert, Freshman.

In room "600" anything can happen and it usually does.
The chorus girls — Mary McCawley, alias Minnie the Mooch-
er, Mary Jane McNett, Pat Rohrery, Elaine Davis, Lyn Fehr,
and Lou Lehner — liven up the girls' lonely hours by present-
ing their nightly skits and floor show. Those who are inter-
ested may play cards, gossip, put up their hair (or let it down),
and last, but not least, study and smoke.

All kidding aside, the girls appreciate some place where
they can go for a cigarette and relax when the burdens of
work and classes seem too much to bear. The girls care for
their own room and they certainly do a fine job of it. More
power to you, girls.

Source: The Flashlight, December 1948

145

146

1948: MAY COURT

PHI MU ALPHA MUSIC FRATERNITY

147

1949: MOUNTIE BAND. Professor Bertram Francis, director.

148

1949: GRADUATION PROCESSION

149

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Editorial: ETIQUETTE AT MANSFIELD

One obvious effect of the war on the college student of today
has been an increase in the maturity of his attitude and behavior.
It is no longer considered smart to carry a flask on the hip, to play
practical jokes, or to act in as ill-mannered a fashion as possible.

However, there is still a noticable lack of common courtesy
among these young men and women, these persons to whom the
world of the immediate future will look for leadership. For ex-
ample, here at Mansfield we may observe a lack of proper respect
for supervisors and also a dearth of common consideration for
other members of the faculty. Thoughtless delays in keeping ap-
pointments and carelessness in carrying out assignments may mean
loss of valuable time and even extra work on the part of instruc-
tors. Even such common courtesies as standing when elders enter a
room or talking in a friendly manner with members of the faculty
are often denounced by our unthinking students as "apple-polish-
ing". This is unfortunate evidence that such persons are still im-
mature.

The situation which often develops during the showing of
movies in Straughn Hall is another case in point. Often the show
cannot really be enjoyed by everyone because certain individuals
laugh raucously at very witty remarks from the screen, while others
strain their ears to catch the dialogue. Even this practice is not
quite as disturbing as the loud and would-be clever remarks made
during the more serious scenes.

A stranger entering the college dining room would be at quite
a loss to know just what the rules of procedure really are. People
barge in front of him in line; slices of bread fly under his nose as he
sits at the table; and at last he realizes what is missing — ■ etiquette.

Then there is the everlasting rivalry between the sexes. The
girls think that the boys are extremely rude because they do not
"dress up" for dates and because they do not perform all the every-
day courtesies, but when a boy docs hold a door open, "Miss Prim"
often passes through without so much as a "thank-you" and gives
him a disdainful look as if he were a paid doorman.

These discourteous practices are not habitual with the majority
of the students here at Mansfield, but it is the conspicuous minority
who make the bad impressions.

Wouldn't it be a wise idea for all of us to concer.trate on
thoughtfulness, and to try a bit harder to observe the rules of good
manners? — Doris Perschau

Source: Flashlight, February 15, 1950

1950-1959

The early 1950's were a period of relative calm. There
was a sense of passive contentment with no hurry for change,
just a desire for steady progress at Mansfield. With fewer
and fewer veterans, the institution once again became more
akin to an extended high school than an extended army bar-
racks. In fact, by the fall of 1950, there were only about 150
veterans on campus.

Students of the early 50's were moderate in prayer and
politics. They worried a bit about atheism and communism
but they shunned radicalism. Editorials in the Flashlight ad-
dressed such matters as "getting along with others," "eti-
quette," "the importance of air raid drills," "curbing cheat-
ing," and "school spirit." Assemblies were attended but not
a source of much excitement. The once-popular YMCA and
YWCA groups lost their appeal and were replacd by an active
but less zealous Student Christian Association.

During this time, the athletic teams did not fare too well,
in part because several star athletes were drafted for the
Korean War. But, there was a special moment of school pride
when Pete Dokas was selected to play for the North in the
1950 Blue-Gray Football Classic in Alabama.

"Clean-cut" was the proper look and "straight" the proper
manner. Students were generally content to follow the rules
and they dutifully participated in such activities as "Courtesy
Week." "Religion-in-Life Week," and the May Day celebra-
tion. The Freshman Initiation program continued to be viewed
as a way of promoting school spirit, but the hazing activities
became less "rough." In fact, in 1954, the initiation involved
not only the traditional campus clean-up, but also a com-
munity clean-up. Throughout the borough freshmen washed
windows, raked lawns, and cleaned awnings.

Thomas Halloran, the Student Council president in 1955,
typified the ideal student of the 50's. With dogged determin-
ation, he organized a campaign to refurbish and transform the
old "Y" Hut into a Student Union where students and faculty
would have a place to relax and share their good times at
Mansfield. His effort was a striking success that quickly earn-
ed him the appreciation of students. In fact, in 1950 he was
one of three persons to whom the yearbook was dedicated.

151

Meanwhile, the campus itself began to change. In 1950,
the era of modernization started with the demolition of "Old
South" — the oldest building on campus. As the wrecking
crews smashed the structure a note of nostalgia filled the air.
Somehow it hurt to see the graceful old hall destroyed and
replaced by "New South" — by contrast, a stark and simple
structure that seemed to hint at the direction of the future.

About the same time too, a new science building was con-
structed and North Hall underwent renovation: in 1950, the
kitchen was modernized; and, in 1953, the ten ornamental
cupolas were removed.

In May 1957, Mansfield celebrated its centennial. Shortly
after, Dr. Lewis Rathgeber assumed the presidency and a ma-
jor expansion program was initiated. Only 35 years old, Rath-
geber had the distinction of being one of the youngest college
presidents in the country. Yet what he lacked in experience,
he balanced with his bubbling determination to uplift Mans-
field. He set the tone in his first convocation with students
when he told them: "The college will develop an atmosphere
in which the intellectual processes will be so stimulated that
Mansfield will produce graduates second to none in the
nation."

When Rathgeber became president, Mansfield was often
described as the last among the fourteen state colleges, and
very quickly he sought to remedy the situation. He courted
the Democratic political powers of Pennsylvania in the inter-
est of the institution, while at the same time he consciously
reshaped it. Steadily, Mansfield moved toward becoming a
multi-purpose institution.

Stressing the need to generate what he termed "an in-
tellectual renaissance at Mansfield," Rathgeber pressed for the
expansion of the library, the creation of more liberal arts
courses, and an expansion of international education pro-
grams. He hired more faculty members, especially persons
with doctorates. And, in his attempt to enliven the institu-
tion, he invited a wide range of notable Americans to speak
at Mansfield including Eleanor Roosevelt, Governor David
Lawrence, syndicated columnist Victor Reisel, and the histor-
ian Henry Commager.

From the perspective of some people, Rathgeber was too
bold and he wanted too much change too quickly. However,
among students he was generally popular. He advocated
greater student freedom yet he also stressed the need for stu-
dents to assume more responsibility for the enforcement of
rules. He consistently involved himself directly with students
and seldom missed a student function.

In the summer of 1959, "Old Alumni" was razed and re-
placed by "New Alumni" — a new library and administration
building. And, by the fall of 1959, only two years after Rath-
geber's arrival there was not a single structure on the cam-
pus which had not undergone renovation, repainting, or major
repair.

In November 1959, President Rathgeber announced that
the Departments of Elementary and Secondary Education
would be dissolved and replaced by the Departments of Edu-
cation, Health and Physical Education, Science and Mathe-
matics, Humanities, and Social Sciences. He felt that such a
change would enable Mansfield to take maximum advantage
of the eventual transformation of Pennsylvania State Teachers
Colleges into multipurpose institutions. In other words, Rath-
geber wanted to prepare the institution for its change from
Mansfield State Teachers College to Mansfield State College.

Editorial: KOREA OR COLLEGE?

To many of us September, 1950, meant a new era in our
lives, looking ahead to a great career — a college education.
To countless others this month held an entirely different fu-
ture. For many of the youths of our country it meant induc-
tion and mobilization in the armed forces. Thousands of boys
who planned for college will never get that opportunity and
thousands more may never return.

I am of the opinion that the men who remain in the col-
leges and universities throughout the nation have assumed the
notion that they don't rightfully deserve the opportunity
of an education while others have had to make a sacrifice.

This is the wrong attitude. We can't all make a direct
contribution to this present conflict — that is quite definite,
but there is one thing we can do as potential teachers.

While military personnel and the leaders of civilian de-
fense are spending billions of dollars in preparation of war,
let us devote our time and effort in preparation of peace.
We have an urgent need for highly trained men in all profes-
sions, especially educators who believe that democratic ideals
and principles begin in the school and the home. This is our
duty as well as a professional service.

In this way we will be reassuring our people at home
and those abroad that young America is growing in strength
and that its teachers will be responsible for the promotion of
democracy for this generation and for those who will follow.

— Ray Kepner

Source: Flashlight, October 1950

152

A
S
S
E

M
B
L
Y

153

STUDENTS STUDYING IN OLD ALUMNI HALL. Though the building had been condemned, it was temporarily used for
housing during the post-war college boom.

154

Editorial: CHOWLINE CHARGER

One of the most vicious species of campus pests, which
multiplies rapidly and is very difficult to exterminate, is the
Chowline Charger. Like most beasts of prey, the Charger
has a ravenous appetite which must be satisfied only at the
expense of innocent bystanders.

The female of the species is usually more subtle and dis-
arming while chowline charging, but is as odious as the male.
A female of a harmless species may defend herself against a
Female Charger by staring at the latter coldly and fixedly un-
til shame forces it to retreat. An innocent male, unfortunately
often fails to fend off a Female Charger's attack, mistaking
the beast for a Young Lady until the damage is done.

The best defense against a Chowline Charger is a dem-
onstration of bravery and outraged scorn. Victims must
work together to defend and eventually rid our campus of
this common disgrace. — Frances Hendricks

Source: Flashlight, February 1951

KNICKERBOCKER QUARTET. Standing, left to right —
Gerry Darrow, Blaine Ballard, Harley Rex. Seated — Ben
Evans. In 1953 they appeared on the popular Arthur Godfrey
TV Show (CBS). It was a talent competition and they won
second place.

155

1951-52: NEW SCIENCE BUILDING. South Hall
(men's dormitory) was also constructed at this time.

PLAYING CANASTA. It was the most popular
card game of the early '50's.

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"MR. MSC" OF THE SCIENCE LAB

STUDY TIME

156

OMICRON GAMMA PI SORORITY

157

DINING HALL. Bob Zukowski, standing.

159

THE WALK TO NORTH HALL

160

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Ij/Jt— lyJJl Student Council [-^resident ZJom ^htalioran oLeadd ♦

oUrive for I lew Student Isfnion — J4e S^ucceedd!

TOM HALLORAN. As Student Council president, he
worked tirelessly to have the old "Y" Hut reconstructed
into a Student Union Center. Through his happy-go-lucky,
yet persistent manner, he gained the support of students,
alumni and friends; and, after months of hard work his
dream was realized.

At the end of his senior year, when he stepped down
as the Council president, Halloran wrote a letter to fellow
students thanking them for their support. In it, he des-
cribed his stay at Mansfield as "rich and rewarding." He

i
*

161

noted that there are no limits to the heights of attain-
ment if one can mobilize the whole-hearted support 01
those one is serving.

Mr. Halloran's lile has reflected the best of his learn-
ing at Mansfield. He has not only become a successful1
businessman, but also a consistently loyal supporter of
the school. It is appropriate that this book is dedicated
to him in recognition of his numerous contributions to
Mansfield.

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1954:

Letter to the Flashlight
Concerning Initiation

Dear Sir,

What is the modern generation
coming to? The outlook is good.
The members of the Freshman class
of Mansfield State Teachers Col-
lege received their initiation Fri-
day. Under the watchful eyes of
the Sophomores they engaged in a
constructive program. Households
throughout the boro received a gen-
eral cleaning up. Windows were
washed; even the girls climbed lad-
ders to reach the second floor win-
dows. Lawns were raked; roof gut-
ters cleaned of debris; porches
scrubbed; awnings taken down for
the winter. To put a fine finishing
touch to this unusual activity they
joined in group singing. A group
of boys did their stint working on
a digging chore on the campus.
Their spirit and morale were fine.

Several freshmen were questioned
as to their preference for the old
ways of hazing or the new trend;
the majority preferred the new. To
these fine young people of the new
class, and the sophomores who in-
augurated this new idea, the towns-
people wish to voice their appre-
ciation.

Don't look now, youngsters, but
your maturity is showing.

Sincerely yours,

Mrs. Edward Holmberg

Source : Flashlight

October 19, 1954

162

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Cartoons that appeared in the FLASHLIGHT
during the '50's. Ford Button, one of the car-
toonists, has become nationally recognized. His
cartoons have appeared in numerous magazines
and other publications.

STUDENT TEACHING

BEFORE

DURING &

NAW, I WAS
REACHIN' FOB A

second bottle
of Milk at th£

DlNeJFe? TR6LE it I

163

1955: Rules

— Mansfield is proud of its tradition as the "friendliest cam-
pus" so you are expected to speak to everyone you meet.

— Students ill in the infirmary are not permitted to have visi-
tors. Each student will supply his own hot water bottle.

— All students are required to attend assemblies which are
held every Tuesday at 2:00 p.m. in Straughn Hall.

— Study hours are 7:30 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. Monday through
Thursday. No student may make noise that would disturb
others. Radios must be turned down so that they cannot
be heard outside the room.

— Students under 21 are not permitted to have automobiles,
and automobiles may not be washed or serviced on campus
parking lots.

— There shall be as many cuts allowed as a course carries
semester hours of credit for special situations.

— A minimum of three systematic evaluations of student
achievement shall be made during each semster. Wherever
possible more than one type of test, including the subjective
test, should be used by the instructor.

— All library books, unless otherwise indicated, are charged
out for 2 weeks.

— Each student may send twelve pieces of plain laundry each
week to a commercial laundry selected by the college.

— In case of a fire in North Hall: turn on lights, put on shoes
and coat, close windows, raise shades, and secure bath
towel.

— Bath clogs may not be worn to and from bathrooms during
study hours or night quiet hours. Radios may not be played
after midnight.

— Card playing is not permitted in student rooms during study
or night quiet hours.

— Students living in Mansfield in homes other than their own
are expected to follow the same rules as students living on
campus.

— Male students must wear coats and ties to dinner Sunday
through Thursday.

-Men's rooms will be inspected during afternoon hours. It is
expected that beds will be made before noon each day, that
pillows will not be used as cushions, that cigarette butts will
not be stamped on floors, and that students will provide
their own ash trays.

-Women's rooms are inspected and graded weekly. Room
ratings are incorporated into the personnel record of each
student. Students are expected to:

1. Make beds immediately after breakfast.

2. Shake their dust mops and dust cloths on the third
floor bridge or out of the hall windows over second
floor bridge.

-A woman student who wishes to entertain her father in her
room may do so on Sunday afternoons from 2:00 - 5:00 p.m.
after registering this intention in the Dean of Women's
Office.

-After a campus dance for which a special late permission
has been granted to the females, sophomores, juniors, and
seniors may have automobile riding permission out of town
by signing on a special registration sheet in the office of the
Dean of Women. They may ride within a 15 mile radius, but
may not visit places where beer, wine, or alcoholic bever-
ages are served. Freshmen may ride ONLY in town.

-Because of the danger of accidents, permission of parents
must be granted before female students may ride in
automobiles.

-Women students are not permitted to be in parked cars on
the campus after 7:30 in the evening.

-Female students must be in dormitory by 10:00 p.m. on
Sundays through Thursdays, and by 11:00 p.m. on Friday
and Saturday — unless a student receives special per-
mission.

-No student is permitted to walk alone from the bus terminal
after 10:00 p.m.

-Card playing and cleaning of rooms on Sunday is not
permitted.

Source: The Password, 1953-1954

164

PROFILE

Dr. Rathgeber assumed the
presidency at age 35, thus mak-
ing him one of the youngest col-
lege presidents in the country. A
native of Lock Haven, Pa., he was
a historian, as well as an educa-
tor. He received a Ph. D. from
the University of Pittsburgh.

He was well-attuned to the
politics of Pennsylvania, and he
maintained close contacts with
the Democratic Party — a fact
which undoubtedly helped Mans-
field's growth.

Dr. Rathgeber, a bachelor,
lived with his mother in the pres-
ident's house. At one point dur-
ing his administration, there was
a controversy because allegedly
state funds were used to construct
a house for his dog. But, the mat-
ter was effectively resolved when
the house was used as a center-
piece for a Board of Trustees din-
ner. Later, however, he left the
school amidst another contro-
versy.

Despite problems, Dr. Rath-
geber was essentially an energetic
optimist. He always enjoyed
wearing a rose in his lapel.

1957: DR. LEWIS RATHGEBER

165

1959: ALUMNI ENCOURAGED TO REMEMBER
MANSFIELD . . . FORMS MADE AVAILABLE

Bequests

Persons desiring to make provision for a memor-
ial or a gift to continue some specified type of edu-
cation work, or who wish to establish and maintain
scholarships, may do so, feeling assured that their
wishes, as outlined in the deed of gift or will, shall
be carried into effect as provided by law. Such a
simple statement as follows will be sufficient in a
will:

Form of Will (Real Property)

I give and devise to the Mansfield Teachers Col-
lege, Mansfield, Pennsylvania the following real
estate (here give the description of th Real Estate).
This devise is to be administered by the Board of
Trustees of the State Teachers College at Mansfield,
Pennsylvania, under the Laws of the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania.

Form of Will (Money Bequest)

I give and bequest to the State Teachers College,

Mansfield, Pennsylvania, the sum of

dollars, to be paid by my executors

months after my decease, to the Board of Trustees
of the State Teachers College, Mansfield, Pennsyl-
vania, to be administered unuder the Laws of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

1959: MRS. ELEANOR ROOSEVELT
SPEAKS AT MANSFIELD

166

SPOTLIGHT ON POLITICS. Seated (left to right): Con-
gressman Green, President Rathgeber, Congressman Bush,
Committeeman Sick, and Committeeman Urell. Standing (left
to right) : James Idle and Samuel Livingston.

LyDy. ff/odernization at I tl lanifield . . . the Jower (Jj>cll ^Jolls
for the tail time . . . ^Ariumni ^rfalt r\azed and f\.entacea

CLOCK TOWER OF OLD ALUMNI HALL

RAZING OF OLD ALUMNI HALL

I '1

i| IS

n 11

NEW ALUMNI HALL

167

1960: DEDICATION OF ALUMNI HALL. Gov. Lawrence addressed the audience.

168

"Clearly the future of higher education in
America belongs to public institutions. Already
they provide education to a majority of stu-
dents; within another generation they will, it
is safe to prophesy, provide education for fully
three-fourths of all students. They cannot
leave to private institutions the responsibility of
bold experimentation. To do so would be to
contribute to the development of class educa-
tion in America — and a class education with
divisions along intolerable public and private
lines."

Prof. Henry Steele Commager,
a noted American historian, at
Mansfield State College
May 20, 1960

1960-1969

MSC

FALL ENROLLMENT

Year

Students

1958

786

1959

857

1960

.... 988

1961

1146

1962

1202

1963

1350

1964

1642

1965

1836

1966

2160

1967

. 2572

1968

2754

1969

3000 (Est}

During the 60's, Mansfield became part of the national
trend of growth in higher education. It grew by leaps
and bounds. Within ten years, the enrollment nearly tripled
from about 1000 to 3000 students. The number of faculty
doubled, and the acreage owned by the institution also
doubled. Many new buildings were constructed including six
dorms, a field house, a gym, a music education center, a dining
hall, an infirmary, a new "Hut", and a student union building.
Moreover, amidst the growth, there emerged a new type of
student — one less passive about socio-political issues, one
more insistent about individual rights. Compared to the 50's,
the 60's were very different.

In a sense, the change at Mansfield began January 8,
1960 when MSTC became MSC. The action officially changed
Mansfield from a teacher-training institution to a multi-pur-
pose liberal arts college. Though President Rathgeber had
been preparing Mansfield for the transition, the announce-
ment seemed to accelerate the transformation.

To reshape the institution's image, Rathberger took some
very visible steps. He continued to keep the school in the
public spotlight by inviting notable public figures to speak
on campus. They included Governor David Lawrence, U. N.
Ambassador James Wadsworth, and Vincent Price. At the
same time he initiated a Fine Arts Festival and he foster-
ed the school's involvement with the regional Science Fair.
In September 1961, Mansfield gained national attention when
TIME magazine reported the school's involvement with the
College Center of the Finger Lakes. The Center was a co-
operative effort of Mansfield along with Alfred University,
Elmira College, Corning Community College, and Hobart and
William Smith Colleges. Sponsored by the Corning Glass
Works, the Center sought to recruit more scientists into the
region by cultivating opportunities for scientific learning and
cultural appreciation.

With the transition from MSTC to MSC, the academic
programs at Mansfield also underwent a transformation. A
new general education curriculum was established which re-
quired students to complete two years of liberal arts courses
before pursuing professional studies. And, at the same time,
the school began to develop bachelor degree programs in the
arts and sciences.

In 1968, following the election of Republican Governor
William Scranton, President Rathgeber resigned. In turn,
Mr. Costello served as acting president for five months until

169

the governor appointed Dr. Fred Bryan. At fifty-five, the new
president was a bit more reserved than Rathgeber, but he
quickly gained admiration and respect for his genuine com-
mitment. Under his leadership, the rapid growth continued
rather smoothly. In fact, in 1965 the Middle States Accredita-
tion team made a special note of the high degree of faculty
morale generated by the Bryan administration.

Interestingly, during this time, prior to the completion
of the new dorms, students living within thirty miles were
asked to commute. In addition, to accommodate the increas-
ing enrollment, Mansfield instituted a special admission pro-
gram under which 100 students could start their freshman
year in the summer, but then they had to wait until the spring
semester to continue — that is, after the December gradu-
ates left.

In February 1968, Bryan resigned to become a professor
of education at the University of Pittsburgh. Two months
later, he was succeeded by Dr. Lawrence Park, a former vice-
president for academic affairs at the State University of New
York at Geneseo. Park came to Mansfield with great expecta-
tions of attracting more students to the Liberal Arts program.

Politically most of the MSC students of the 60's tended to
be Republican. In the 1960 Presidential Election, they favored
Nixon by a 2 to 1 margin over Kennedy. In the 1964 election,
the incumbent Democratic President Johnson was preferred,
but in 1968 the students again expressed a clear preference
for Nixon instead of Humphrey.

Throughout the 60's there was a variety of protests. In
the early fall of 1962, some of the women students of North
Hall staged a protest demonstration after the administration
curtailed the sale of concessions in the dorm. At one point,
signs demanding recognition of student rights were posted on
bulletin boards and hung in the windows of North Hall. In
addition, window shades were pulled down to symbolize what
the students termed "the political darkness of the dormitory."

During the spring of 1963, there was further turmoil
amidst allegations of administrative mismanagement. As a
result, the governor appointed a special investigatory commit-
tee to assess the situation. After months of controversy, Dr.
Rathgeber resigned.

By the mid-60's, the Vietnam War had become a major
political issue on many campuses around the country. At
MSC, students were initially very supportive of government

policies. In fact, in November of 1965, there was a "Rally for
Unification" on the Vietnam issue and various speakers urged
students to support American involvement. But, as support
dwindled nationally, so too it dwindled at Mansfield. In 1967,
Dick Gregory and in 1968, Dr. Benjamin Spock, both out-
spoken critics of the war, spoke on campus. And, in May 1968,
MSC gained public attention when the New York Times re-
ported that it was the only state college or university in
Pennsylvania in which both the president of the student gov-
ernment (Michael Fullwood) and the editor of the campus
newspaper (Keith Smith) were opposed to the war. On May
1969, Muhammad Ali addressed students on the need to re-
sist the war. And then, on October 15, 1969 Mansfield became
involved in the nationwide Peace Moratorium Day. The
events at Mansfield included a funeral march, a ringing of
church bells, and a "Do Your Own Thing" session in Manser
Hall. As described in the Flashlight, "The purpose of the day
was to educate people about the Vietnam War." Students
were told, "You can no longer sit back. It is time to take part
in the action by joining many thousands of your peers."

On the lighter side, there continued to be an interest in
sports. During the 60's, Mansfield became widely recognized
as a "Basketball Powerhouse." The 1960-61 team finished its
regular season 18-0, one of two undefeated college teams in
the nation ; and, the 1963-64 team advanced to National Cham-
pionship Playoffs in Kansas City. In the play-off, the team won
the first two games, but then it was eliminated by Pan Ameri-
can, the defending national champions. Despite the loss,
nearly 2000 people greeted and cheered the team members
upon their return to Mansfield.

Throughout the 60's, sororities and fraternities became
more popular. The organization of new fraternities was en-
couraged because they provided an opportunity for student
social life, and they also helped to alleviate the temporary
housing shortage.

By the late 60's there was much talk about lowering the
voting and the drinking age. It was widely argued that stu-
dents who could be drafted should be treated like adults. At
Mansfield, as elsewhere, there was a clear trend away from
paternalism. The dress code was eliminated, dorm rules were
liberalized, and the absence policy became less restrictive.
Consistent with the trend, in 1968, atheist Madeline O'Hare
addressed students about the need to recognize the rights of
atheists; and in 1969, the liberal Supreme Court Justice Wil-
liam Douglas spoke on campus of the need to recognize in-
dividual freedom. Amidst the demand for recognition of free-
doms, the students and the school entered the 70's.

170

Or as Marie Antoinette would say
.Mansfield."

"No more bread lines at

I960: PRESIDENT RATHGEBER AND GOVERNOR LAW-
RENCE SLICE CAKE. This Flashlight (October 10, 1960)
cartoon illustrated a belief that Mansfield got its "fair share"
of state support during the Lawrence Administration.

1960: PROPOSED CAMPANILE. Dr. Stephen Bencetic
proposed the construction of a campanile to preserve the clock
and the bell of Old Alumni Hall, but his proposal was deemed
too expensive.

171

Joe Alteri and his partner dance
during the student-faculty reception.

In 1960, the Student Council formed a
"Morals Committee." It became the sub-
ject of much discussion.

172

Students linger under the "Kissing Tree"
upholding the tradition of many years.

This happy couple is apparently sharing a pleasant
time on the traditional stone bench. Located on front
campus, the bench has always been traditionally re-
served for engaged or married couples. It was donated
to the college in 1915 by the Delphic Fraternity.

MAY DAY — MAY 6, 1961 — Queen Patricia Rex.

173

1962-1963: TURMOIL AT MANSFIELD STATE COLLEGE

December 5th:

FEMALE STUDENT COUNSELORS
PROTEST DISCRIMINATION

They complain that the administration requires them to work
more than their male counterparts, yet they receive the same
pay. Miss Florence Ludy, Assistant Dean of Women agrees with
students demand for immediate change. Dean Priscilla Morton
disagrees. She says it is not timely.

December 8th:

FRATERNITY CLAIMS MSC ADMINISTRATION
VIOLATES THEIR CIVIL RIGHTS

The Phi Sigma Epsilon Fraternity is asking area legislators for
aid in their dispute with the MSC administration regarding cam-
pus privileges.

January 10th: MISS LUDY WILL NOT RESIGN

Students are protesting the threatened dismissal of Miss Ludy.
Students say if she goes they will not comply with dormitory
regulations .... Miss Ludy decided to stay after offering
resignation.

March 16th:

MISS LUDY LEAVES CAMPUS AMIDST
CONTROVERSY

She claims she was harassed by other administrators and that
President Rathgeber's mother struck her with a rolled-up news-
paper. Students want Miss Ludy back.

March 27th:

RATHGEBER INVITES MSC GIRLS TO
DISCUSS "GRIEVANCES"

He issues "open-door" invitation to all female students to resolve
differences.

March 28th: MSC OFFICIALS CLAIM MISS LUDY WAS
"IRRESPONSIBLE"

She is described as a "troublemaker".

March 28th: RATHGEBER HAS NO PLANS TO RESIGN
He denies report.

March 28th:

STATE APPOINTS 3-MAN COMMITTEE TO
INVESTIGATE MSC UNREST

Rathgeber charges "partisan politics." He says the investiga-
tion is a "political conspiracy." He notes that there is a newly-
elected Republican governor. He points to five years of solid
growth and increased prestige at MSC under his leadership.

March 28th:

LT. GOVERNOR SHAFFER MEETS WITH
NORTHERN TIER LEGISLATORS ABOUT MSC

Representative Warren Spencer reports that "the only solution
to restoring the morale of the student body is to get rid of
Rathgeber."

March 30th: GOVERNOR SCRANTON DENIES THE

INVESTIGATION IS DUE TO PARTISAN POLITICS

Governor's office claims that there has been a "mass of corre-
spondence" from students alleging that the MSC administration
is undemocratic and repressive.

March 30th:

STUDENTS CIRCULATE PETITION
SUPPORTING RATHGEBER

Four MSC students gathered nearly 400 signatures on a petition
in support of President Rathgeber.

March 31st: RULES? RIGHTS? PHILOSOPHY OF MSC

FACULTY VARIES ON HANDLING STUDENTS

Some professors see need for greater order. Others, a need for
more freedom.

March 31st: MSC STUDENT PAPER GOES UNDERGROUND

A clandestine student newspaper, "The Primer" is operating
underground. In an article entitled "The Students," there is an
illustration of a classroom with two vegetables, preceded with
the following message: "See all the MSC students. See them
all dress alike. Hear them all think alike. Think what they're
told to think. Think . . . Think . . . Think. Someday they
will teach others to think. Won't that be a riot?"

April 2nd: MSC STUDENT COUNCIL PLANS "PEACEFUL
DEMONSTRATION" FOR BETTER CAMPUS
FACILITIES

North Hall is described as "antiquated." Students complain
about foul quality of water, and Rathgeber agrees there is a
problem. But, he says the water problem is "an act of God" —
the spring rains.

April 5th: MSC STUDENTS CALL OFF DEMONSTRATION
AS FACT-FINDERS COMPLETE PROBE

April 21st: MISS LUDY RETURNS TO SPEAK AT

MANSFIELD'S PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

Her topic — "Thy Love I Share."

June 8th: PROBERS FIND "FEAR AND TENSION" AT MSC

In a 15-page report, the investigation team comcluded that Rath-
geber was absent from campus excessively, that there was over-
charging for books, that there was an unnecessarily high turn-
over of faculty, and that the administration acted arbitrarily.
But they also concluded that "Rathgeber had the good of the
college at heart."

August 9th:

RATHGEBER SUBMITS RESIGNATION,
EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER 4th

September 10th: GOVERNOR SCRANTON SELECTS COSTELLO
TO SERVE AS ACTING PRESIDENT
Tom Costello, Dean of Students, is appointed acting-president.

Source: Selected issues of the
Klmira Star-Gazette,
December-September 1962-63

1964: Dr. Bryan Assumes Presidency

—"It is a great priiilcge to be the
President of Mansfield . . . We
are justly proud . . . We are in-
tensely interested in working to
the future . . . our goal is to
have an undergraduate program
which is of such quality that we
will be worthy of the graduate
status we are seeking."

Dr. Bryan

PRESIDENT BRYAN AND HOMECOMING QUEEN (1966)
JUDY REINHART CHEER THE MOUNTIES.

175

w t

»v*SF'e

1964: THE CHAMPIONSHIP TEAM

Row 1 — Bud Hulser, Tom Wallon, Terry Crouthamel, Jim Turner. Row 2 — Jim Kinsler, Joe Russell, John Machulsky, Paul
Manikowski, Lee Felsburg. Row 3 — John McNaney, Bob Brisiel, Bob Wolf, Ron Markert. Row 4 — Trainer Melvin Dry, Dr.
Bryan, Coach Bill Clark, Marion Decker, Assistant Coach Gordon Preston.

176

1964: Mansfield Advances to National Playoffs

A Word of Thanks from Coach Clark

When a team is fortunate
enough to extend an already -
impressive history of past bas-
ketball successes, perhaps the
joy of victory on the court
should be enough. Yet, the
memories treasured by the
1963-64 Mansfield Mounties
are highlighted by a sense of
gratitude for the loyalty and
enthusiasm of the blend of col-
lege and community which
terms itself Mansfield.

The season can be chronicled by the spontaneous bursts
of pride in achievement which make up so prominent a part
of that intangible called "Spirit". As squad members we shall
always recall with a warm feeling: the standing roar of ap-
proval as the century mark was reached in the season opener

— the Mountaineer, the bell, the siren leading a bedlam of
noise in the Bloomsburg tie-breaker — the "pilgrimage of the
500" to defend the honor of "Dogpatch" — the initiation of
the new scoreboard so thoughtfully provided by the Student
Council — the three bus loads of MSC students at Erie — the
cheerleaders who "got there somehow" at Beaver Falls — the
unscheduled holiday after the Westminster game — home-
coming to fire engines and a mob scene on Main Street —
an 18-foot telegram at Kansas City — radio in the Hut and
impromptu parades — telegraphed flowers from North Hall

— an airmailed Flashlight extra — the pep band 1200 miles
from home — return to Corning and pandemonium — Mans-
field and 2000 people who "didn't know we had finally lost"

— the "Key to the City" — elementary school cheerleaders
and "We Love You, Mounties" — the fire-station platform
and lumps in throats — the kitchen staff and a beautiful cake.

BILL CLARK, Basketball Coach

177

1964: "MAKING OUT" RULE

The Dorm Councils have made a new
ruling concerning dating behavior on cam-
pus. We are sure that most students will
agree that it is a welcome "code." We re-
capitulate the rule for those students still
unfamiliar with it.

"No necking or petting in public places on
campus. T/yis includes the North Hall well,
South Hall lounge, the arcade, the Mansfiehlian
Room, and the benches scattered about the
campus.

If the students didn't initiate action
against public promiscuity the Administra-
tion would have been forced to. However,
for couples who want to exchange endear-
ments and embraces, the Mansfleldian
Room is available. It is out of the public's
eye, is comfortable, and has a television set.
Rules should be drawn up limiting the
hours that any "private student area" can
be used as a "hide-a-way". Also, a general
code of behavior should be applicable to
such an area.

Perhaps the dorm councils, in cooper-
ation with the deans, would consider this
a liberal view. But surely there would be
no complaints from the students.

No one is trying to stop "making out"
on the campus. The entire problem is that
some rather selfish people just don't want
to wait until they are alone and in private
before commencing with love making.

This is our campus, our college. Let's
express ourselves in a mature fashion, both
in our social contacts and in our protests.
We will be better people for it.

Source:

Flashlight

May 11, 1964

178

1965: WISC Student &Ju Rallies -Against "Mot Protests"..

L4nification r^allu is ^J^reta

A crowd gathered in South Hall
Parking lot early last Wednesday
night and members of the Mans-
field State College Band played
the national anthem. Some of the
people in the crowd sang along
while others stood at strict atten-
tion.

Student Council President, Jay
Angel, walked to the microphone
and announced the opening of the
Mansfield State College Rally for
Unification on the Vietnam issue.
He stated that the rally was not
organized to support or condemn
government policy, but "to let the
students of Mansfield State College
go on record as being against the
burning of draft cards and the do-
nation of blood to the Viet Cong."

He offered the microphone to
anyone in the audience who desired
to state his views on the issue ■ — -
pro or con.

A Student Speaks

The first to take advantage of
the offer was James Munketterick.
He mounted the stand, lit a match
and proceeded to burn a small white
piece of paper that looked like a
draft card. Then he jerked the
flame away and asked his listeners,
"Would you dare do an idiot thing
like this?"

He went on to quote Barry
Goldwater, saying that "such acts
border on treason." "All that anti-
Vietnam war demonstrators offer
us," continued Munkitterick, "is a
rejection of the right of the Viet-

namese people to be free." He also
noted the bad effect their riots have
had on the image of the American
college students. "Are they mod-
ern-day Nathan Hales or Benedict
Arnolds? I know," he averred. He
concluded by pointing out to stu-
dents and faculty members present
"... our one path in this issue
is unity with the government."

The Speakers Continue

Dr. George Bluhm, chairman of
the Social Science Department and
local commander of the American
Legion, then rose to speak. Com-
menting on the makeshift speakers
platform, he quipped, "Old soldiers
never die, they just fall off tables."
He noted that since 1608, no gen-
eration of Americans has had to
fight to defend the dignity of the
American people and their love for
freedom.

Another student, Dan Nichols,
took the microphone. He opened
his presentation with the reading of
a letter from a friend, a twenty-
year-old corporal stationed near Qui
Nhon. After vivid description of
the conditions in the war, the letter
closed with this phrase: "We're go-
ing to win this war or I will die
trying." Nichols called on the rally
participants to be willing to sacri-
fice for the war effort and received
oral support.

Jay Angel then returned to the
platform to read a statement from
President Fred E. Bryan. It ex-
pressed his disappointment at not

SIGNING PETITION

being able to attend the rally and
his sincere support of the rally. It
called on each to determine "...
how to best support society."

A Thousand Blank Spaces

The band again played the Star-
Spangled Banner and two minutes
of silence were observed in com-
memoration of the efforts of per-
sons connected with the war. As the
crowd was about to be dismissed,
Professor Peter Hill of the Social
Studies Department asked to speak.
He noted that he disagrees with the
government policy on Vietnam and
challenged the Student Council to
sponsor a forum to give selected
persons an opportunity to speak on

their viewpoints, both pro and con.
Jay asked the crowd for their opin-
ion, and received strong approval.
He then indicated that the council
would set up such a forum in the
near future.

The crowd then pressed forward
to the wall of South Hall where a
large poster was mounted. A
thousand blank spaces were wait-
ing for them to sign their names.
The top of the poster read, "We
are opposed to: the burning of
draft cards and the donating of
blood to the Viet Cong."

Source: Flashlight

November 15, 1965

179

1960's: FAMILIAR
SCENE

During the 60's there
was continuous con-
struction on the cam-
pus: new dorms, new
dining hall, new gym-
nasium, new student
union, new infirmary
building . . .

180

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STUDENT COUNCIL (1966). Seated: M. O'Donnell, S. Young, T. McGuffey, J. Haverstick, S. Johnson, J. Angel, M. Palumbo,
Dean Costello, J. Thomas, L. Alderfer, P. Dantini. Standing: L. Hess, D. Knaus, A. Olm.

181

1966: Middle States Report

According to a report made by
the Middle States Education Com-
mittee:

"Mansfield State College, in recent
years, has weathered severe problems
that had brought it to the brink of
chaos through serious unrest and in-
stability that affected students, facul-
ty, administration and trustees. Of
great consequence to the college and
to the educational community gener-
ally is the report that can properly be
made that Mansfield College now
seems to have many of these problems
behind it. A sincerely dedicated presi-
dent and a loyal group of colleagues
have brought about changes in internal
and external relations/yips which give
promise of a more hopeful and con-
structive future. The president's
achievements in the space of two years
have been outstanding in raising stu-
dent and faculty morale, in winning
the loyalty of facility and staff, and in
elevating the hopes and aspirations of
the entire college community. It was in
this changed and improved atmosphere
that this visitation took place and the
report prepared."

The preceding paragraphs were
included in the preface to the 48
page evaluation report presented
to the Commission on Institutions of
Higher Education of the Middle
States Association of Colleges and
secondary Schools in October, 1965.

A central concern expressed by
the team related to the liberal arts
program at Mansfield, which seems

to be given secondary consideration
in a number of respects. It is rec-
ommended that a separate admini-
strative structure be established in
liberal arts equal to the structure
in teacher education. The liberal
arts office should be concerned with
all liberal arts degree programs,
faculty and students and also for
all liberal arts departments serving
the education programs.

Long - term planning in pro-
grams, faculty, staff, and instruc-
tional equipment to support the ac-
ademic programs has been insuffi-
cient to meet the projection of en-
rollment and plans for the physical
development of the campus. It is
strongly urged that a plan, with em-
phasis on academic planning and
development, be prepared to sup-
port the plans for these future pro-
jections.

Faculty morale, although great-
ly improved during the past two
years, shows evidences of needing to
be strengthened. Reference by some
students to frequent faculty ab-
sences from class indicates the need
for constant attention to building
faculty morale and to encouraging
faculty involvement in the life of
Mansfield. Participation in an in-
stitution's growth and a concern for
its advancement go hand in hand
with strengthened morale.

Source : Flashlight

January 12, 1966

1966: GRADUATE
PROGRAM LAUNCHED

Saturday, January 8, 1966,
the Mansfield State College
Board of Trustees at a meeting
took steps to launch the col-
lege's new graduate studies in
music and elementary educa-
tion and to increase the size
and effectiveness of the liberal
arts program.

Dr. Fred E. Bryan's recom-
mendations, that the position
of Dean of Academic Affairs
be established and that the du-
ties of the Office of Admissions
and the Placement Office be
separated, were passed.

The Dean of Academic Af-
fairs responsibilities will be to
coordinate the activities of the
liberal arts, graduate studies,
and teacher education curricu-
lums.

The changes were made to
comply with recommendations
of the Middle States evaluating
team which visited the campus
in October of 1965.

In asking for the reorgani-
zation, Dr. Bryan told board
members that it would "more
nearly reflect our multi-purpose
status and help maintain our
high quality program of teach-
er education."

Source : Flashlight

January 12, 1966

182

1966: BUS STOP. Left to right — Don Smith, Jinny Breech, Gene Grey, Joe Kulasa, Diane Largey, Scott Young, Ron Hart-
man, and Janis Troutman. Joe Kulasa (now Tony Craig) became a popular actor on the soap opera, The Edge of Night.

183

MSC ALUMNUS DEEDS
LAND TO COLLEGE

A 200-aci'e tract of land
atop Armenia Mountains,
with an elevation of 1,929
feet, has been deeded by Dr.
and Mrs. Clifford E. Scout-
en, of Sylvania, to Mansfield
State College Student Serv-
ices.

The mountain tract, en-
hanced by three large ponds,
is just 14 miles east of the
state college and with the
exception of a four - mile
stretch of mountain road, is
easily accessible by a two-
lane macadam highway (Rt.
6).

Dr. Scouten, a native of
that Bradford County area,
was graduated from Mans-
field State in 1915. He later
studied at St. Lawrence and
the University of Toronto.
He was a dedicated teacher
and .began his 30-year ca-
reer in the profession in a
one-room school in Sylvania.

Source:

Mansfieldian, Fall 1967

1967-68: THE ANTHROPOLOGY CLUB. Under the leadership of
Professor Avery Sheaffer, the club engaged in numerous excavation
projects throughout the region.

Editorial: FINANCIAL LAG

State college students of Pennsylvania may not be getting their
full share of state aid.

In 1966 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was subsidizing every
state college student by $802.59, but the same year the amount for sub-
sidized students at the University of Pittsburgh was $1712 each, at
Temple University, $1213 and at Pennsylvania State University, $1384.

The aid to state college students has lagged for some time behind
that provided to Penn State students. Aid to Temple University stu-
dents began to surpass that of state college students in 1965 and became
even more apparent in 1966. The University of Pittsburgh students who
received only about half as much state aid as state college students in
1955 received twice as much aid in 1966. Lincoln University, a private
college, receives more money for students' aid than do the state col-
leges. The private medical schools received four times as much aid per
student as state college students.

Pennsylvania is the only state in the United States that gives money
to private colleges, and in 1966 private colleges received $82 million
while the state colleges received $35 million.

Source: Flashlight May 3, 1967

Editorial: GROWING PAINS

Is Mansfield State growing too
fast?

Already the dorms are packed to
capacity with three, four and even five
persons to a room. The cafeteria situ-
ation is even worse. Classrooms are
in demand, as are instructors. Yet
next year the enrollment will go up
even more.

It was announced at the trustees
meeting Saturday that applications
will no longer be accepted by the ad-
missions office. Only 120 will be ad-
mitted. This adoption is to be praised.

Source: Flashlight

January 10, 1968

184

BOARD OF TRUSTEES: President Fred E. Bryan, Paul Conner, Richard Marshall, Fred Jupenlaz, Robert E. Farr, Donald P.
Gill, Milford Paris, A. F. Snyder. (Absent: Margaret McMillen, and Jo Hays).

185

CASUAL CAFETERIA
ATTIRE OFFICIAL

It's official, the cafeteria
dress policy has been relaxed.
Final action was taken on the
matter at the dining room com-
mittee meeting last Thursday
evening.

Under the new policy wom-
en will be admitted to the caf-
eteria dressed in slacks, shorts,
cut-offs and sweatshirts. Men
are allowed to wear jeans,
sweatshirts and cut-offs. The
only requirement for this garb
is that it be clean and neat.

The committee, chaired by
Jon Phillips, has been working
on the revision since early
September. The first step taken
included a questionnaire issued
at the first special dinner of
the year. At that time over
80 percent of the ballots favor-
ed a change.

The only exception to the
casual rule is Sunday dinner
and a few of the special din-
ners. For Sunday dinners, only
classroom or dress attire will
be permitted. Some of the din-
ners, Christmas for example,
will require dress.

The new stand makes
Mansfield's policy among the
most liberal in the state col-
leges.

Source:
Flashlight

November 8, 1967

186

1968: Dr. Lawrence Park Assumes Presidency

PARK INAUGURATION. In April 1969, President Park was admin-
istered the oath of office. The ceremony was followed by an inaugural
ball and much pomp and pageantry. Compared to his immediate pred-
ecessors, he appeared to be more politically detached. He raised horses.

187

MSC PROFESSOR PICKETS NEW STUDENT UNION

"I feel that this is an identity
crisis of the school . . . they are
taking away the tradition of the
campus." Strong words? Yes.
Sentiments? Stronger yet. Pro-
fessor Sanford Chilcote of the
MSC English Department is very
adamant concerning the construc-
tion of the new student union
center which is being built direct-
ly in front of North Hall, the
former location of the Mountie
steps. On last Wednesday, Thurs-
day, and Friday Chilcote took it
upon himself to let the admini-
stration know his strong feelings.

When asked why he decided
to picket, he had a quick reply.
"This (the area) is an object of
symbolism, they are desecrating
the people, the past."

Chilcote has hopes of seeing
stronger protests. He hopes stu-
dents will organize and "... sit
in the trees, and refuse to move.
If the past has no value . . .

they've missed something." Chil-
cote feels that there are many
other places for the building. He
spoke of the state's eminent do-
main, he feels they could have
moved the building downtown. He
said that the present location def-
initely shows a "lack of taste."

Apparently Professor Chilcote
does not think it is too late. He
said, "Nobody is doing anything.
If it's in your dreams you have to
do something. I always have
hopes. This is as bad as Harvard
tearing up the commune, or Con-
gress tearing up the White House.
It is very analagous."

"The past is reflected here.
This section is symbolic of the
campus, the people who built it
did it to last — it is being dese-
crated."

Source:
Flashlight

March 26, 1969

188

1969: Ali Speaks to Capacity Crowd

Cassius Clay, undefeated heavy-
weight champion of the world, re-
cently spoke to a full house of
Mansfield students, faculty, admin-
istration, and friends. He did not,
however, speak as Cassius Clay, the
fighter, but as Muhammad Ali the
minister of the Black Muslims.

The Black Muslims, embracing
the idea of complete separation of
Blacks and Whites, have three basic
aims: "justice, freedom, and equal-
ity for 30 million so called Ameri-
can Negroes." They feel that the
only way there can possibly be
peace is to separate. Ali cited sev-
eral examples: in South Africa the
whites and blacks have separated;
Europe is making extradition laws
to ship the colored people back to
Africa.

It is the nature of these two
groups to remain opposite, and
when people are opposite, they are
automatically opposed. Ali said that
it's time to quit this forced hypo-
critical integration, because it will
never succeed.

Ali stated that it must be a
peaceful separation because if there
was ever a violent revolution the
Negro would be annihilated. The
whites, with their superior weapons
and large mass of people would ut-
terly destroy the Negro race in
America. His last statement was
that violence was the worst thing
the Negro could resort to.

Source:

Flashlight

May 14, 1969

1969: GRAPE BOYCOTT —

STUDENTS PICKET LOCAL

STORE IN SUPPORT OF

GRAPEPICKERS

1 ufl

Ijfl

^jjf

189

GREEKS. During the 60's, seven new fraternities and sororities were organized.

190

1969: Moritorium Day at Mansfield, October 15th —
Students seek U. S. Withdrawal from Viet Nam

The Vietnam Peace Moratorium
Committee has organized events to
take place. We suggest that any-
one who is concerned enough about
our dying GI's take an active part
in these events:

Agenda

9:00 — All day the passing of leaf-
lets and signing of petitions on
campus and in town.

11:00-1:00 — Petition signing in
cafeteria.

1:00 — Funeral march to Straughn
Auditorium, upon reaching
Straughn there will be a Me-
morial Service.

3:00 — The town church bells may
be rung in unison.

5:00-6:30 — Petition signing in
cafeteria.

7 :00 — Manser Hall Lounge — "Do
Your Own Thing" microphone
open to everyone.

There will be a motorcade to Wells-
boro immediately following
the services at Straughn Audi-
torium. This is not an officially
sponsored activity; however,
all interested parties are wel-
come to participate.

It is only by becoming a unified
body that we can truly

Source:

Flashlight

October 15,

PEACE SIGN

ARMBAND OF CONCERN

1969

THE "FUNERAL" MARCH

191

192

1970-1984

During the 70's, President Park was unsuccessful
in his attempt to move the school forward. In 1970,
he unveiled a "Master Plan" projecting that by 1980
MSC would grow to about 5,800 students. Then in accord-
ance with the "Plan," Park broadened the administrative
structure and he expanded academic programs, such as his-
tory, english, and foreign languages. He believed that the
new programs would be especially attractive to a growing
number of community college students who would be trans-
ferring to MSC. In fact, he expected that by 1980 MSC would
move to a point where 60^ of the students would be juniors
and seniors. Interestingly, despite the anticipated growth,
Park contended that "it is not Mansfield's intention to seek
university status."

70's: ENROLLMENT

DECLINE

80's: TURNABOUT

Date

Enrollment

1971-72

3400

(Est)

1972-73

_„. 3275

(Est)

1973-74

3148

1974-75

2829

1975-76

..._ 3015

1976-77 ____-

_ 2859

1977-78

2652

1978-79

.. . 2533

1979-80

2402

1980-81

2327

2460

1981-82

1982-83

2539

1983-84

2800

(Est)

Unfortunately, the "Plan" for the 70's was never realized.
By 1972, Park described the initial projections as "unrealistic"
and "excessive," suggesting instead that "Mansfield may peak
at about 4,000 students." He contended that because of its
geographic location and a relative decline in state support
for higher education, MSC could not attain the goals of the
Master Plan. Five years later, in 1977, when Park left MSC
the enrollment had slipped to about 2700 students, and there
were newspaper reports suggesting that Mansfield might be
closed by 1982 due to a declining enrollment.

Between 1977 and 1979, Dr. Donald Darnton, former
Vice-President of Academic Affairs, served as the Acting
President. He viewed his role as being a temporary "consoli-
dator." As he put it: "I don't expect to move the college in
any particular direction; that's a permanent sort of thing."
But, enrollment continued to decline and the budgetary crisis
intensified.

In 1979, after reviewing over 120 applicants for the posi-
tion, the presidential search committee recommended the ap-
pointment of Dr. Janet Travis, a philosopher and former pro-
vost at the University of Northern Kentucky. In turn, upon
being appointed by Governor Thornburgh she became the first
female president of a Pennsylvania state college.

Dr. Travis' first action was the elimination of 25 faculty
members — mostly from the english, foreign languages, and
history departments. She justified her action on the grounds
that it was necessary in order to balance the budget and to
provide resources for new programs.

193

During the four years (1979-83) under Travis, the col-
lege underwent many changes. She shifted program em-
phases and she instituted an elaborate advising system for
students with the hope of curbing attrition. With the help of
a greatly improved admissions office, enrollment did increase
during the Travis administration, but few faculty members
gave her much credit. In fact, on two separate occasions, fac-
ulty members gave her very negative evaluations on her per-
formance. Moreover, following a report from the Middle
States Accreditation team indicating that faculty governance
at MSC had deteriorated under Travis, the Board of Trustees,
the union, and students openly sought her resignation. In
July 1983, she was transferred to the Pennsylvania Depart-
ment of Education, and Rod Kelchner was appointed interim-
president.

Despite the difficulties of successive administrations dur-
ing the 70's, there continued to be many highlights:
the criminal justice, business administration, and infor-
mation processing programs grew and became the school's
major growth programs; moreover, programs became estab-
lished in art, broadcasting, technical theatre, community psy-
chology, regional planning, travel and tourism, medical tech-
nology, music therapy, pre-engineering, public relations, social
work, and special education. Throughout the 70's the continu-
ing education program was a bright spot of growth.

On the extra-curricular level there were also many high-
lights: the Mountie Bands became nationally recognized for
their excellence; the Mansfield Summer Festival Theatre be-
came quite popular in the region; the 1973 Concert Choir re-
ceived the Rome International Choral Festival Gold Medal;
the 1979 Mountie baseball team won third place in the Na-
tional College World Series; the women's volleyball teams
advanced to the national playoffs in 1978, 1980, and 1981;
the 1975 basketball team won the Pennsylvania State College
Championship; and, the forensic teams were consistent win-
ners — ranked 10th in the nation in 1976. In addition, many
individuals gained recognition for outstanding achievement in
their fields.

Throughout the 70's, faculty members demonstrated high
levels of achievement. An increasing number completed term-
inal degrees in their fields and the number of professional
papers, publications, concerts and other presentations given
by faculty members steadily increased.

In 1972, the MSC faculty, along with the faculty mem-
ber of other state colleges, organized a union. From the per-

spective of some administrators, the unionization contributed
to the financial difficulties of the institution because of in-
creased faculty salaries and benefits. However, from the per-
spective of most faculty members, the unionization was a
necessary and effective means of protecting faculty rights dur-
ing a period of turmoil. In any case, coinciding with unioni-
zation, the college attracted better trained professionals, and
there was less turnover of faculty. As of 1982, about 80% of
the MSC faculty belonged to the union.

The students of the 70's reflected societal trends toward
recognition of individual expression. For many years, fresh-
men initiation had served as a means of molding each fresh-
man into a "Mountie." It was a way of promoting the "we-
feeling" — that is, a loyalty and commitment to Mansfield.
But during the 70's, the initiation rituals became passe' as
the so-called "me generation" of students insisted on individ-
ualism and the right to be free and different. Students of the
70's resisted requirements to attend MSC community events
such as assemblies and commencement ceremonies. They de-
manded and gained greater freedom with regard to drinking,
using drugs, and sexual activity. They challenged and
changed rules relating to study hours, attending class, grad-
ing, and so forth. The pass-fail system was established; the
student's right to challenge a grade became easier; and,
stricter rules were adopted relating to the disclosure of in-
formation about students. Both in and out of the classroom
the expressions "I think" and "I feel" became more common-
place, and the traditional authority of the teacher weakened.

Amidst the foregoing changes, there were coinciding
shifts in the academic majors and the sex ratio of the students.
In 1970, when home economics and education were still the
major programs at MSC, about 65% of the students were
females. But, by 1983, with the growth of the new programs
in business, criminal justice, and information processing, the
percentage of incoming students who were female dropped to
about 50 percent. In the meantime, however, the cultural and
ethnic diversity of the students broadened. For example, the
number of black students increased from about fifteen to a
hundred between 1970 and 1983; and, the number of foreign
students expanded from only a few to thirty-eight in 1983.

In short, the past thirteen years have been intense and
challenging times for MSC. Nonetheless, the period has added
to the true character of the institution. Indeed, as MSC be-
comes Mansfield University, it reflects the maturity of an in-
stitution that has been seasoned with both triumph and
tragedy.

194

1970 (Spring): STUDENT RALLY AND A DAY OF CONCERN. TALK OF STRIKE!
PRESIDENT PARK IS APPLAUDED FOR HIS CONDUCT

On Wednesday, May 6 at 10 p.m. there
was a meeting or rally at which the students
were to strike, or to back the faculty's deci-
sion to have a teach-in tomorrow. Rick Celsi,
speaking for those students who wanted to
strike, explained that the strike was to be
against the government's policy in South East
Asia, not against anything at the school.
The students were exhorted to "know what's
going on in the whole world, instead of just
your own little world, show opposition to
the SE Asian policy, find out about Cambodia,
and the Kent State University's tragedy."

President Park then presented the
faculty resolution and stated that he and the
Faculty Advisory Council were "here to find
out what the students want" so they could
finalize their decision.

Brian Zeigler followed, stating that in a
voice poll taken by Student Council, it was
evident that "the majority of students are
against further involvement in SE Asia," and
that the Council would endorse the action of
President Park. (Copies of the" faculty's reso-
lution will be sent to other State College
Presidents, Student Government leaders, Con-
gressmen and President Nixon himself.)

At this point, an irate young lady stood
up and shouted that the President "was run-
ning a college and not a fan club." To the
young lady, one of the students replied:
"You should be responsible for just a little
more than what is in your life now."

Dr. Finley backed up the President ex-
plaining the faculty's view — he wanted to
know how the students felt so that faculty
could further decide upon what to do.

Various arguments then ensued as to
what the strike was for (it's not opposed to
the faculty resolution and teach-in, but rather
a reinforcement of it) ; what moral commit-
ments were (if morally committed, take it
upon yourself to become educated) ; and
whether there are or are not enough volun-
teer troops to go into Cambodia (one young
man said there were, another said there
weren't).

Another young lady then took the micro-
phone and gave an impassioned appeal — we
didn't help East Germany, Poland, Bulgaria
and Czechoslovakia when they asked, and
look what has happened to them, if we don't
stop them there (SE Asia) where will we?
The islands in the Pacific? She was simul-
taneously cheered and booed as she left the
stage.

The students then called for a vote —
strike or no strike, and President Park again
strode to the podium, stating that the issues
need to be discussed so the faculty knew
what action to take. A question was then
raised as to whether the faculty could be pre-
pared on Thursday and Friday. Dr. Friedman
answered that by saying that the faculty
would like to better prepare, but would be
able to go ahead if necessary.

Another student then stated : "We have
to know what's going on before we can
strike," and a girl stood up and asked —
"People are stirred up right now about Kent
and Cambodia, but three-quarters of us do
not know why . . . we won't care next week
as much as we care now?

For the next half hour, a vote was at-
tempted but then halted for some further
question and three proposals were stated:

1. Move the strike from Wednesday to
Thursday and Friday.

2. Have Thursday, Friday and Wednes-
day as teach-ins or strikes.

just

3. Adopt the faculty's decision
Wednesday.

When a strike advocate claimed that "The
faculty says we should strike, we're behind
them," Mr. Murphy, a professor stormed to
the stage and vehemently stated that "the
resolution was for a teach-in not a strike."
He said that the faculty would appreciate it
if students would "hold off until faculty were
better prepared to serve the purpose of a
teach-in."

Finally President Park took the micro-
phone and said that he thought there had
been about enough bickering. The faculty
had come to determine student feeling and
then discuss it among themselves, and nothing
was being accomplished. There were mur-
murs of "let President Park conduct the
vote," and hearing them he asked if he might.
There was loud cheering as he took over. He
read the three proposals, called for a hand
count in each, and then thanked the students
— the faculty resolution was supported by
the majority of students present.

Later that night, after the faculty discus-
sion was over, President Park announced over
the radio that, on recommendation of Student
Council, the faculty had decided not to pen-
alize students who didn't attend classes Thurs-
day and Friday to go to teach-ins.

Source:

Flashlight
May 12, 1970

195

1971-72: A CONCERNED MANSFIELD FACULTY IS UNIONIZED BUT WILL NOT STRIKE!

DR. EDWIN ZDZINSKI

He served as the first
President of the Union.

Mansfield State College teachers
signed their first collective bargain-
ing contract and are now officially
unionized. The agreement is sealed
between the Association of Pennsyl-
vania State College and University
Faculties, Pennsylvania Association
for Higher Education and the Com-
monwealth of Pennsylvania.

The new contract came into effect
on September 5th of this year (1972)
and it will not have to be renewed un-
til August 31, 1974.

Negotiations between the repre-
sentatives of the faculty from fourteen
state colleges and the state's negoti-
ating team began back in November
of 1971 and the contract was not final-
ized until the end of June 1972.

N. E. A. and P. S. E. A. provided
professional negotiators to act only as
mediators to diplomatically help iron
out disputes. There were no admin-
istration negotiators nor legal arbi-
trators.

It was the first negotiating for
both sides and no real precedent had
been set. Naturally, both the Facul-
ties and the Commonwealth, wanted
to be careful to create a good model
contract for others to follow.

Each side had certain priority
items that they wanted and fought
hard for. This slowed the talks down
because there had to be some give and
take.

Our faculty wanted more of a say
in "local negotiations" such as, re-
served faculty parking spaces and the
drawing up of the school calendar.

The Commonwealth used a phrase,
"management prerogative" to skirt
these issues.

Concerning the calendar issue,
many Mansfield faculty members are
complaining because they have a
shorter length of time to cover the
subject material with their classes and
finish grading papers and exams. But,
many students prefer the new calen-
dar because it gives a longer vacation,
and a chance for a winter job.

Ninety percent of the faculty are
pleased with the new contract because
the negotiations got them more ob-
jectives in their favor.

What does the new teacher con-
tract do for the students? It demands
that the professor must be in his office
for five hours per week therefore cre-
ating more contact hours for commun-
ication between students and pro-
fessors.

imum. For the first time, the students
have the legal right and duty to eval-
uate professors.

Source:

Flashlight

November 2, 1972

196

CONCERT CHOIR

Under the direction of
David J. Dick, the Concert
Choir toured extensively in
Pennsylvania, New York,
Maryland, and Washington,
D. C. In 1973, the Choir won
the first prize gold medal in
the Rome International
Choral Festival's collegiate
division, performing in St.
Peter's Basilica and Paris'
Notre Dame Cathedral dur-
ing the same trip. In 1975,
the Choir sang at the Na-
tional Cathedral of Wash-
ington, D. C. and at the state
capitol building in Harris-
burg (picture).

CONCERT CHOIR. Sopranos: K. Bayton, C. Bernardi, S. Eberhart, C. Guise, K. Hollenshead, L. Jacobs, J. Miller, E. Pineno,
K. Savage, M. Strong, R. Sutton, P. Toth. Altos: N. Bailev, J. Costa, D. Daneker, G. Eisenhardt, K. Fye, R. Leathers, P. Pfleeg-
or, E. Sheesley, C. Snyder, J. Valentine, C. Wadsworth, L. Walker, S. Willing. Tenors: D. Barron, D. Benn, W. Cutter, S. John-
son, H. Palmeter, L. Payne, J. Rodgers, H. Stack, J. Smith, G. Tucker, G. Worden. Basses: J. Andrulis, D. Cross, D. Greenough,
D. Hardock, M. Hartman, R. Justice, E. Sheer, J. Miller, J. Procopio, G. Sipes, S. Smith, B. Story.

197

During the 70's, the
student perspective of
Mansfield was reshaped
amidst trends toward
recognition of more
individual freedom.

198

1970's: Mountie Marching Band - The BEST!! !

"I have been broadcasting university and professional football
for about twelve years and this is unequivocally the finest band
1 have ever seen or heard."

CBS-TV Sports Broadcaster
September 24, 1972

RICHARD TALBOT. Under his leader-
ship, the Mountie Band performed at
four professional football games and
twice they toured England.

199

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1974: Streaking Craze

ATTIRE RANGES
FROM SHEETS TO SNEAKERS

by Linda Hollingshead

Everyone applauds as they go by; they are in full view
of all, yet they remain anonymous. Streaking, the fad of the
year, has hit MSC.

The typical Mansfield streaker is an inebriated male stu-
dent between 18 and 22, yet there are a few females. Streak-
ing attire ranges from sheets to sneakers to "nothing at all."
Hats, however, are usually worn.

Streakers usually confine themselves to campus, but a
few brave ones have run around parking lots and down Route
15. Most prefer to run at night.

The question most people ask themselves is, "Why do
streakers do it?" Many streakers claim they did it on a bet,
while others mentioned "something to do," "for publicity pur-
poses," "for excitement," "release of inner frustrations," and
"because I was drunk."

What are the aesthetic rewards of streaking? Almost
all streakers said that they felt "great" while running; some
mentioned being cold but exhilarated. They also said they
felt good afterwards. No streaker mentioned feeling embar-
rassment or regret. Some said their elation was due to the
money collected from their bets.

Source: Flashlight

March 21, 1974

201

NORTH HALL "SCHOLARS'

Throughout the 70's
North Hall was a "hot"
topic of debate. Its
demolition was sched-
uled to follow the con-
struction of the Cedar
Crest Dormitory
(1976), but due to a
series of moratoriums
it remains standing.
Though vacant, the
faces on its exterior
walls seem to keep it
"occupied."

202

1974: JOE MULLEN'S ATTEMPT
TO FLY

(Only he knows if he really did)

203

1974:

MANSFIELD FOUNDATION
INCORPORATED

1974: SMASHING TIME

J. PAUL McMILLEN ('69). While he was
director of the foundation it grew rapidly
and provided support for many activities
including the Mansfield Festival Theatre
and the Mountie Band.

During the 70's, smashing cars was a popular way to raise funds. In
1974 (above), the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) held a
smashing, offering two hits for a quarter. The CEC promoted aware-
ness of and service to the mentally retarded children of the region,
helped with the Special Olympics. Moreover, they engaged in many
other worthwhile projects relating to exceptional children.

204

1970's: Black Awareness

JULIAN BOND
Politician

ALEX HALEY
Author of "Roots"

DICK GREGORY

Comedian - Activist

Throughout the 70's many prominant professional blacks, including Julian Bond, Alex Haley and Dick Gregory lectured at Mans-
leld. Black Awarenes Week became an annual spring event on the campus.

1970's: OUTSTANDING FORENSIC TEAMS

In 1976, the Forensic Team was ranked tenth in the nation.
Left to right — John Williams, Michael Lieboff (coach) and
Keith Semmel.

1970's: EXCELLENCE IN THE LIBRARY

Despite the budgetery constraints in the 70's, the library staff
gained recognition for their high degree in professionalism.

205

206

CEDARCREST MANOR. Completed in 1976, it was the only major construction that took place during the 70's.

1975: MSC WINS STATE CHAMPIONSHIP

207

1970's: NEW PROGRAMS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE, BUSINESS, INFORMATION PROCESSING, FISH CULTURE,

MUSIC THERAPY, AND MANY OTHER AREAS

PROFESSOR EIDENIER demonstrates skills in music
therapy.

PROFESSOR SLABEY discussing computer with Barbara
Medina.

208

PROFESSOR BUSS (pointing) teaching fish culture.

Charles Heinly, criminal justice student intern,
Dr. Edward Ryan, criminal justice faculty in-
tern supervisor, and Governor Thornburgh.

WAS HE MSC's
GREAT IMPOSTER?

"Professor" McCrossen

In the October 30 issue of the Tunk-
hannock newspaper New Age, a former
professor at Mansfield State College sug-
gested that MSC should be "phased out
permanently" along with a number of
other state colleges. In a long letter to the
editor, which was also sent to Governor
Shapp, Auditor General Casey and the
local representative and Senator, he term-
ed President Park as "incompetent", the
caliber of the professors "incredibly poor"
and the constituency of the student body
as being "appallingly low".

He claims that during summer school
all a student needs to do is sign up for the
class and submit a blank piece of paper by
mail for his final exam to receive an "A"
grade.

Although very perturbing at first
glance, when the letter is taken in its prop-
er perspective, the entire thing contains
elements of humor.

In a discussion with President Park it
was learned that V. A. McCrossen, the
author of the letter, is a historical figure of
some importance to MSC. He was chair-
man in the languages department between
the winter of '69 and the winter of '71, at
which time he was asked to leave "for
cause."

While at Mansfield, a high-ranking
administrative authority alleged that Mc-
Crossen commuted to Boston College and
taught there. This was unknown to the ad-
ministration and faculty at that time. It
was also alleged that during this time per-

iod, McCrossen lived out of his office, and
at one time a cleaning lady found him
sleeping in a broom closet.

Park contends that McCrossen had
forged letters of recommendation for his
position at MSC and that he had also done
the same thing at Wilkes College, where
he was also asked to leave.

According to Park, McCrossen left
here and went to Waynesburg and "the
next thing I knew, he was in the federal
penitentiary on a forgery charge."

While serving an 18 month term at
the Lewisburg federal penitentiary, Mc-
Crossen applied for and was one of the 12
finalists for the presidency of Makato State
College in Minnesota, at which time it was
learned that he was serving a term in
prison.

McCrossen is not completely fraudu-
lent, however. He did serve 25 years at
Boston College as a Professor of Language,
and was a graduate of Dickinson College
with straight A's except for one B grade,
which Park alleged McCrossen changed to
an "A." McCrossen also received a Ph. D
in German.

A number of faculty were questioned
concerning McCrossen. The dominant re-
sponse on the part of the faculty was some-
what alien to a weak smile. It does hurt
to get the wool pulled over your eyes.

Source:

Flashlight

October 6,

1975

209

MANSFIELD STATE COLLEGE
FACING POSSIBLE SHUTDOWN

Mansfield — Slumping enrollments and increasing costs
may force Mansfield State College to close its doors within
the next five years, the state legislature was warned last
Monday in Harrisburg.

Testifying before the House Appropriations Committee,
Arthur B. Sinkler, chairman of the Board of State College and
University Directors, said Mansfield and California State Col-
leges are suffering from decreasing enrollments as fewer stu-
dents go on to college from high school.

Mr. Sinkler urged the legislature to add $12,000,000 to
the education budget, which was submitted to the legislature
last month by Governor Milton J. Shapp.

Without the additional funds, Mr. Sinkler said, tuition
fees at Mansfield State College and the 13 other state-owned
institutions will be forced to rise to $850 a year.

Mansfield State College is located in a part of the state
absolutely unserved by any other institution, according to the
college's president, Dr. Lawrence Park.

"Even if the enrollment dropped to 2,000 I would still
consider it (the college) a success," Dr. Park said.

Source: Williamsport Grit

March 17, 1977

DR. DARNTON BECOMES ACTING PRESIDENT

Dr. Darnton served as the Acting President for two
years while a search was conducted for a new presi-
dent. He attempted to maintain stability by encour-
aging faculty to retrain. He created a bit of contro-
versy among alumni when he changed the conception
of the "Mountie" from what he felt was a hill-billy
image to one that was more representative of the
region. Al Smith, electrician foreman at MSC served
as the model for the "New Mountie."

210

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211

1979: The erection of the sculpture "Unity" in front of
Alumni Hall.

1979: "Can Stacking" in the dormitory.

212

1979: Dr. Janet Travis Assumes Presidency

— First Female To Become A Pennsylvania State College President

1979-1983: During her stormy presidency, the change in her personal appearance paralleled change at Mansfield.

213

1979: Retrenchment of Faculty

— Twenty-Five Positions Eliminated

SPECIES

PROFESSOR G. ROBERTSON DILG, a retrenched historian

214

Students Protest Retrenchment

(but in vain)

"Funeral" Is Held For "Dead" Faculty Members . .
Each Is Eulogized

215

1979: Mounties Advance to College World Series

— Third Best In The Nation

■

<-.-

Under Dr. Heaps (far right), MSC became a "baseball powerhouse" with thirteen straight winning seasons and a host of con-
ference championships and regional titles. Between 1970 and 1983, seventeen Mansfield players signed professional contracts.

217

During the 1980's, the ROTC (Re-
serve Officer Training) program ex-
panded. One of the most popular
training exercises involved rapell-
ing off Laurel Dormitory.

1981-1983: NUCLEAR ARMS BECOMES
ISSUE AMONG STUDENTS

-Films and discussions highlight anti-nuclear programs at
Mansfield . . . 1000 students, faculty members, and area
residents signed petition calling for "a national U. S. -
Soviet halt to the nuclear arms race" . . . volunteers dis-
tributed anti-nuke information and sold bumper stickers
and lapel pins.

Pdncl Discussion:

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Suicide or Jiurw/al?

Should the Hi Jfop

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201

D0WLIN6.K0ERMG,
MARY ANN NE5TON,
TE5MAN.

DR. JOHN DOWLING. An MSC professor of physics. Dr.
Dowling organized numerous potential programs to educate
the public about the consequences of using nuclear arms. He
is a nationally-known reviewer of films about weaponry.

219

TONY CRAIG (Joe Kulasa, '68).

For six years he starred in the ABC-
TV Soap Opera "The Edge of
Night." In 1982 he appeared in the
hit film "Tootsie".

CYNTHIA SMITH BARRY ('78).
An actress, she stars in her own one-
woman show about "The Mad
Woman of Stratford."

MICHAEL HOWLAND ('74). In
1979-80, he was an Iranian hostage
for 444 days. When released, Mans-
field gave him a warm homecoming
in Straughn Auditorium.

EDWARD YOB, M. D. ('70). He
is a White House physician who at-
tends to President Ronald Reagan.

TOM BROOKENS. Former Mountie
infielder, he now plays for the De-
troit Tigers.

MARVIN SCHLENKER ('50). He
is currently the director of the pop-
ular ABC-TV show "Nightline."

220

HON. ROBERT KEMP ('49). Presi-
dent Judge, Court of Common Pleas,
Tioga County (PA).

ILA LUGG WILEY ('25; '28, BS).
Prominent educator and political
leader; Chairman of the Mansfield
University Board of Trustees.

MARCELLA MAY HYDE ('56).

Noted educator; very active in the

Alumni Association and the Mans-
field Foundation.

KENNETH LEE ('48). Attorney.
Speaker of the House of Represen-
tatives (PA), 1967-68 and 1973-74;
Majority Leader, 1963-64; Minority
Leader, 1965-66.

JAMES S. COLES ('34). Chairman
of the Executive Committee, Re-
search Corporation; Mansfield
Foundation board member.

JAMES WHITE ('49). President
Perma Oil Corporation; Mansfield
Foundation board member.

221

1983: Mansfield Moving Forward

DR. LARRY NEBB1T carrying the mace to the ceremony marking the
transformation of Mansfield State College into Mansfield University.

222

1983: Mansfield Becomes University

Enrollment Climbing . . . Rod Kelchner Assumes Presidency . . . Hopeful Future

REPRESENTATIVE FRED NOYE '68. He has been one of
Mansfield's staunchest supporters. He is the Minority Leader
in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.

PRESIDENT KELCHNER. He was appointed Acting-Presi-
dent on July 1, 1983 with the strong support of faculty, alum-
ni, and the Board of Trustees.

223

MANSFIELD UNIVERSITY LOOKING SOUTH

MANSFIELD UNIVERSITY LOOKING NORTH

6833 -

Wert

Bookbinding I

Granule PA
JAN- JUNE 2001

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