The life of Charlotte Brontë

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THE HAWORTH EDITION
ILLUSTRATED

LIFE AND WORKS OF
THE SISTERS BRONTE
WITH PREFACES BY

MRS. HUMPURY WARD

AND AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES
er

CLEMENT K. SHORTER

IN SEVEN VOLUMES
Vowvme VII.
THE LIFE OF
CHARLOTTE BRONTE

THE LIFE OF
CHARLOTTE BRONTE

EW TORE AND LONDON
HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS
1909
H

CONTENTS

moe
Inrmopucrios © uc es oe ee ee evil
A Browrii Cunoxovoor . . ? Cad

CHAPTER I

Description of Keighley and tts Neighbourhood—ffaworth Parson-——
age and Church—Tablets of the Bront# family, . 2... 1

CHAPTER IL

Characteristics of Yorkshiremen—Manufactures of the West Rid-
ing—Descondants of the Puritans—A charncteristle incident—
Former state of the country—Isolated country houses—Two
Yorkshire equires—Rude sports of the people—Rev. William —
Grimshaw, Curate of Haworth—HHis opinion and treatment of
his parishioners—The ‘arvill,’ or funeral feasts—Haworth Ficld- .
Kirk—Chureh riots at Haworth on the sppoiutment of Mr,
Redhead as Perpetua! Curate—Characteristics of the populs-
tion—Arrival of Mr, Bronté at Haworth, . . . . +. . UL

OHAPTER It

‘The Rev. Patrick Bronte—His marriage with Miss Branwell of
Penzance—Social customs in Penzance—The Branwell family
—Letters of Miss Branwell to Mr. Brout0—Marriuge of Mrs,
Bront—Thoraton, the birth-place of Charlotte Brontt—Re-
moval to Haworth=Description of the Parsonage—The people,
of Haworth—The Bronte family at Huworth—Early training,
of the little Brontts—Characteristles of Mr. Bronta—Death of
Mw, Bronit-Stadies of the Bros faclly—Mri Bott's 2o-
count of hischildren. . , 6 2. ee ee a)

EAR \

CONTENTS aii
rae
respondence with Mias Martineau—Letter on Mr. Thackeray's
portralt>.Vialt of the Bishop of Ripon to Haworth Parsonage —
—Mise Bronté's wish to see the unfavourable critiques on her
Ce ears eeyneen of strangers. cd fs couse= Tet:
tor on Mr. Thackeray's lectures... . 2... 008

CHAPTER XXVII

Letters to Mrs, GeakellThe blographer's account of her visit to —
‘Haworth, and reminiscences of conversations with Miss Bronte
—Latters from Misa Bront8 to her frlends—Her engagement to
Me. Nicholls, aod preparations for the marrlagof<The marriage —
ceremony and wedding tour—Her happiness fo the marriage
sate—New symptoms of illness, and their cause—The two
lat lta wean by Mr. Wibole—An alarming change
Herdeth + 088

OHAPTER XXVIII
‘Mourners at the funeral—Conclusion . =... . . . . . . OL

INDEX. 1 OT

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Porrrarr or Mra. Gaskeu. . . . . . Frontispiece
Facsimiuz ov THE TITLE-PAGE OF THE

Finst Evition. . 2. 1 2... pe xual
Haworre Op Cuurcu as THE Bron

Fauiy enewit. . . . . . . - Tofacop. 8
Tue Parsonace aT HawortH . . . ” 48

Facsmm1Le Pace or MS. or ‘THe SEcret’ ” 84

Tae Hfcer ‘Pensionnat,’ Rue v’Isa-
BELLE, BRUSSELS :

CENTRAL AVENUE OF THE GARDEN. ,, 288

‘Tae Forsippen ALLEY. . . . «9 248
Facsrurie oF A LErrer PROM CHARLOTTE

Bronté to Mas. Suita. . 2... 452

Portrait or tHe Rev. Patrick Bronté. ,, 496

Porrratr or tHe Rev. A.B. NicHous. . ,, 642

The following Illustrations are reproduced from photographs
taken by Mr. W. R. Bland, of Duffield, Derby, in con-
junction with Mr. C. Barrow Keene, of Derby :

Distant View or Hawortm . . . . «To facep. 4

Haworra Vintacz, Marin Steger... ,, 30

xvi LIFE OF CHARLOTTE BRONTE

Hovss wHere THE Rev. Patrick Bronte
RESIDED, AT HIGHTOWN, WHEN CURATE

ov HaRTsHEAD-cum-Cutrron . . . . To face p. 38
Ror Heap... .. 2... eee oy 8
Haworts Moor—Tux Bronté Baipgr . ,, 126
Haworrx Moon—Snowine CHAR.orre

Brontivs CHAIR. . 2... sy 886

Hawortu Or Haus. . 2. 1 eee » = 456

INTRODUCTION

By universal acclamation the biographies of Johnson
by Boswell and of Scott by Lockhart are accepted as the
foremost achievements in English literary biography.
Between these books and all other literary biographies
in our language there is a great gulf fixed. Jobnson’s
biographer bad a subject peculiarly imposing. The
king of later eighteenth-century literature, the oracle
of his age, the friend of Burke and of Goldsmith must
of necessity have made a fascinating topic for succeeding
times. In his biographer also he was fortunate. A
literary expert, a friend of years, of boundless zeal
and enthusiasm, and well-nigh limitless indiscretion,
Boswell alone in his era had the qualifications, as he
had also the subject-matter for a perfect biography.
Scarcely less fortunate are we in the ‘Life of Scott.’
The greatest figure in our nineteenth-century litera-
tare—with the possible exception of Byron—Sir Walter
Scott was not only its most successful novelist and one
of ite moet popular poets, but he had surveyed many
fields of learning with amazing skill and industry. He
had been brought into contact with all the notable men
of his age. The biographer of Napoleon Bonaparte, the
historian of Scotland, the editor of Swift and of Dryden
—scarcely one of his ninety volumes but still survives

INTRODUCTION xix

which still sell in countless thousands and in edition
after edition.

Whatever may have been the sorrows ot her lite
Charlotte Brontié was so far fortunate in death in that
her biography was written by the one woman among
her contemporaries who had the most genuine fitness
for the task. The result was to solidify the reputation
of both. Mrs. Gaskell will live not only by a number
of interesting novels but also by this memoir of her
friend. Charlotte Bronté would have lived in any case
by her four powerful stories; but her fame has been
made thrice secure through the ever popular biography
of her from the pen of Mrs. Gaskell, of which we have
here a new edition.

If it be granted that Mrs. Gaskell’s * Life of Charlotte
Bronti:’ is a classic, it may be urged with pertinence
that the rough hand of editor or annotator should never
be placed upon a classic without apology. Justification
may, however, be found, it is hoped, in the addition of
new material unknown to the original author. If an
apology is due it must be rendered first of all to the
memory of Mrs. Gaskell and afterwards to her surviv-
ing friends and relatives. The editor has so far recog-
nised this in that he has aimed at adding no single note
or line that Mrs. (iaskell, were she still alive, would not,
he believes. have cordially approved. He would urge
further that Boswell's ‘Johnson’ was edited within a
few years of its author's death, with the result that no.
edition is now published that lacks the notes of Edmund
Malone.’ Malone added new letters and new facts, and

* Full recognition has never been rendered to Malone's services.

INTRODUCTION xxi
4. Pictures of the Past, By Francis H. Grundy. Griffith & Farran,
1879.
5. Emily Brot. By A. Mary F. Robinson. W. H. Allen é& Co., 1883.
6. The Birthplace of Charlotte Bronté, By William Scruton. Leeds:
Fletcher, 1884
1. An Hour with Charlotte Bronte. By Laura C. Holloway. Funk
& Wagnalls, 1864.

8 The Bronté Family, with special reference to Patrick Branwell
Bron@. By Francis A. Leyland. Hurst & Blackett, 1886.

9, The Life of Charlotte Bronte. By Augustine Birrell, Q.C., M.P.
‘Walter Scott, 1887.

10, The Bront Country: ite Topography, Antiquities, and History.
By J. A. Erskine Stuart, Longmans, Green, & Co., 1888.

M1. The Literary Shrines of Yorkshire. By J. A. Erokine Btunrt.
Longmans, Green, & Co., 1892.

12, The Brontés in Ireland. By William Wright, D.D. Hodder &
‘Stoughton, 1893.

18. The Father of the Brontés, By W. W. Yates. Leeds: F. R, Spark
& Bon, 1807.

14. Brontiana: the Reo. Patrick Bronté, A.B., His Collected Works
and Life. Falited, &c., by J. Horstull Turner. Bingley :
‘T. Harrison & Sons, 1898,

15, The Bronté Homeland, By J. Ramsden. The Roxburghe Prees,
1898.

16, Thornton and the Bronti, By William Scruton, Bradford
‘Jolin Dale, 1898.

17. The Bronté Soviety Publications, Edited by Butler Wood. Brut
fond: M. Field & Sons, 1895-99.

To each of the above works I am indebted for certain
facts incorporated in the notes, and I thank their
authors accordingly. I have also to thank Mr. George
Smith, of Messrs, Smith, Elder, & Co., for kindly plac-
ing at my disposal a number of hitherto unpublished
letters by Miss Bronté addressed either to him or to his
firm. These new letters should alone, I think, give
special interest to this new edition. Certain brief ex-
tracts from my own bovk’ on the Brontés will also

Charlotte Bronte aud her Cirele, by Clement K. Shorter (Hodder
& Stoughton).

INTRODUCTION xxiii,

Gaskell’s biography has already been published," and it
is therefore scarcely necessary to recapitulate. The
letter in which Mr. Bronté definitely requested Mrs.
Gaskell to undertake a biography of hia daughter has,
however, but just been unearthed." It is an interesting
contribution to the bibliography of the subject. Charlotte
Bronté had died on the 8rd of the previous March :—

TO MRS, GASKELL, MANCHESTER.

Haworth, near Keighley : June 16, 1858.

My dear Madam,—Finding that a great many scribblers,
as well as some clever and truthfal writers, have published
articles in newspapers and tracts respecting my dear
daughter Charlotte since her death, and seeing that many
things that have been stated are untrue, but more false
(sic) ; and having reason to think that some may venture
to write her life who will be ill-qualified for the undertaking,
I can see no better plan under the circumstances than to
apply to some established author to write a brief account
of her life and to make somo remarks on her works.
‘You seem to mo to be the best qualified for doing what I
wish should be done. If, therefore, you will be 20 kind as
to publish a long or short account of her life and worke,
just as you may deem expodient and proper, Mr. Nicholls
and I will give you euch information as you may require.

I shonld expect and requost that you would afix your
name, go that the work might obtain a wide cironlati¢n
and be handed down to the latest times. Whatever profits
might arise from the sale would, of course, belong to you.
You are the first to whom I have applied. Mr. Nicholls
approves of the step I have taken, and could my daughter

1 In Charlotte Bronté and her Circle.

* The original is fn the possession of Mr. George Smith, of Mesars.
Smith, Elder, & Co.

INTRODUCTION a

present, but I now know how they are inclined to me—I
know how my writings havo affected their wise and pare

minds. The knowledge is present support and, perhaps,
may be future armour.!

‘Miss Bronté and Mrs. Gaskell first met at the house
of a common friend, Sir James Kay -Shuttleworth, the
Briery, Windermere, on August 10, 1850. The friend.
ship then formed was cemented by an exchange of
visite. Miss Bronté visited Mrs. Gaskell in her Man-
chester home first in 1851, and afterwards in 1853, and
in the autumn of 1853 Mrs. Gaskell stayed at the Par.
sonage at Haworth. Other aspects of their friendship
are pleasantly treated of in the ‘Life.’

To trace the growth, bibliographically, of Mrs. Gas-
kell’s famous book is an easy task. From the moment
that she received Mr. Bronté’s request the author of
‘Mary Barton ’ set to work with enthusiasm. She wrote
letter after letter to evory friond connected with the
Bronté story —to Mr. George Smith, the publisher, to
Mr. Smith Williams, that publisher's literary adviser, to
Ellon Nussey and Mary Taylor, Charlotte Bronté’s old
schoolfellows at Roe Head, to Margaret Wooler, her old
schoolmistress, and to Letitia Wheelwright, the friend
of her Brussels life All the correspondence has been
preserved, and copies of it are in my hands. It relates
with delightful enthusiasm the writer’s experience in
biography-making. er visits to Miss Nussey and Miss
‘Wooler secured to her a number of Miss Bronté’s letters,
She thus acknowledges — on Sept. 6, 1856 — those that
Miss Nussey lent to her :—

"Letter to W. 8. Williams dated November 20, 1849.

INTRODUCTION xxvii

effort to produce a biography in which thoroughness
and accuracy should have a part with good writing and
sympathetio interpretation.

‘At first, indeed, it seemed as if a perfect success
crowned Mrs. Gaskell’s efforts. The book was published
in two volumes, under the title of the ‘ Life of Charlotte
Bronté, in the spring of 1857. It went into a second
edition immediately, the addition of a single foot note
concerning ‘Tabby’ being the only variation between
the two issues. Not only the publio but the intimate
relations and friends appeared to be satisfied. Mr.
Bronté wrote the following letter to Mr. George Smith,
of Smith, Elder, & Co. :—

TO GEORGE SMITH, B&Q., OORNHILI, LONDON.

Haworth, near Keighley: March 80, 1857.
Dear Sir,—I thank you and Mrs. Gaskell for the bio-
graphical books you have sent me. I have read them with
a high degree of melancholy interest, and consider them
amongst the ablest, most interesting, and best works of the
kind. Mrs. Gaskell, though moving in what was to her a
new line—a somewhat critical matter—has done herself
great credit by this biographical work, which I donbt not
will place her higher in literary fame even than she stood
before. Notwithstanding that I have formed my own
opinion, from which the critics cannot shake me, I am cn-
rious to know what they may say. I will thank yon, there-
fore, to send me two or three newspapers containing oriti-
cisms on the biography, and I will remit the price of them

to yon in letter stamps.
I remain, dear Sir, yours respectfully and truly,
P. Bronte.

And to the author of the book he wrote with even
stronger expressions of satisfaction—

INTRODUCTION xxi

tween her and Miss Bronté. A Lady Scott (Mrs. Rob-
inson, of Thorp Green), whose name had been unpleas-
antly associated with Branwell Bronté on the strength
of statements in his sisters’ letters, wrote through her
lawyer demanding an apology. The last scandal is dis-
cussed at length in Miss Mary F. Robinsoa’s ‘Emily
Bronté,’ Mr. Leyland’s ‘ Bronté Family, and in ‘Char
lotte Bronté and Her Circle.’ It need not be further
referred to here, as the modification that its correction
necessitated in the third edition of the ‘ Memoir’ in no
way impaired, but indeed materially improved, the artis-
tic value of the book. A comparison of the third edition
with its predecessors, while it reveals on the one side
omissions amounting to a couple of pages, shows also
the addition of new letters and of much fresh informa-
tion. The present publishers have felt, in any cage, that
having once withdrawn the earlier issues of the book as
containing statements considered to be libellous, they
could not be responsible for a republication of those state-
ments. This edition is, therefore, an exact reproduction
of the third edition, the only changes being the substi-
tution of the name Ellen for the initial ‘E.,’ and of ‘ Miss
Wooler’ for ‘Miss W.,’ changes which, although trifling,
will, it is believed, save the reader some irritation. In
the few cases of necessary verification in which a name
has been added in the text it is placed in brackets. The
notes, which the Editor has endeavoured to make as few
as possible, are so printed that they can be completely
ignored when desired.

Two hitherto unpublished letters of Mr. Bronté’s
fittingly close the correspondence to which Mrs. Gas-
kell’s ‘ Memoir’ gave rise.

INTRODUCTION xxaiii

made declensions very ridiculously wide ; others have used
the surer rifle and come nearer the mark; but all have
proved that there is still space left for improvement, both
in theory and practice. Had I but half Mr. Thackeray's
talents in giving » photograph likeness of human nature I
might have selected and might yet select a choice number
of these practising volunteers, and, whether they liked it
or not, give their portraits to the ourious public. If organ-
lees spirits seo as we soe, and fool as we feel, in
terial clogging world, my daughter Charlotte’
receive additional happiness on scanning the remarks of
her Ancient Favourite. In the last letter I received from
you you mentioned that Mrs. Smith was in delicate health ;
T hope that she is now well. I need scarcely request you
to excuse all fanlts in this hasty scrawl, since a man in
his eighty-fourth year generally lots his age plead his
apology.

I remain, my dear Sir,
Yours very respoctfally and traly,
P. Bronri.

‘I did so long to tell the truth,’ writes Mrs. Gaskell to
a friend on her return from Rome, ‘and I believe now
that I hit as near the truth asany one could. I weighed
every line with my whole power and heart, so that
every line should go to its great purpose of making her
known and valued as one who had gone through such
a terrible life with a brave and faithful heart. One
comfort is that God knows the truth.’

Cuemcnt K. Sorter.
March 19, 1900.

T have to thank Mr. J. J. Sreav, of Heckmondwike,
Yorkshire, and Mr. Butter Woop, of the Free Library,

ae,

xxiv LIFE OF CHARLOTTE BRONTE

Bradford, for valuable suggestions. Iam grateful to Mr.
Roose Inarkw for giving the book an index for the first
time, and thereby saving me from the anathema which
has been passed upon unindexed books. I have, above
all, to express my obligations to the Rev. A.B. Nionozzs,
Charlotte Bronté’s husband, for kind and generous as-
sistance in this as in my previous attempt to throw new
light upon his wife’s career.

A BRONTE CHRONOLOGY

Patrick Bronts bora Slag get ae March 17, 1777
‘Maria Bronié bora. be en yh TOS
Patrick leaves Ireland for Cambridge dee Be enneOe:
Degreeof AB... i Sih oy an segs OOS
Curacy at Wethersfield, Eaer | |. |. ss 1808
Wellington, Salop =... 1 ee 1800
Dewsbury, Yorks 5. , wee 1800
« Hartahead-cum-Clifton . . «ss 1810
Enblishs “Cottage Poems’ (Hallfux). 18d
‘Married to Maria Branwell. 2 December 99, 1818
Firt Child, Maria, born. ae ap ge ah eg AAU
Publishes ‘The Rural Mintel’) |||. 1818
Elizabeth born. Sg Bos WEL ard
Publishes the ‘Cottage in the Wood’) | |). | 1815
Curacy at Thornton. arr eee See 3
Charlotte Bronte born at Thornton | | | | April 31, 1816
Patrick Branwell Bronteborn. sw... BIT
Emily Jane Broot born. Soe ee Tuly 80, 1818
“The Maid of Killarney’ published | |) ] |. 1818
Anne Brooté bora. + Tannery 17, 1890
Removal to Tncumbency of Haworth =| |, February 1890
‘Mrs Bronte died. 1 September 15, 1881
‘Maria and Elizabeth Broat8 at Cowan Bridge
Charlotte and Emily “
Leave Cowan Bridge .
‘Maria Bronte died
Elizabeth Bronte died. open
Charlotte Bronts at Bchool, Roe Head. | | January 1881
Leaves Roe Head School |. + 1888
First Visit to Ellen Nussey at The Rydings | | September 1889
Returns to Roe Head as governess. 5 =. =. July 20, 1885
Branwell visita Loudon. 1885,

Emily spends three months at Roe Head, when Anne takes her
place and she returns home =. |. 1885

Faceimile of the Title page of the First Edition
THE LIFE

CHARLOTTE BRONTR,

JANB EYRR” “SHIRLEY,” “ VILLETTE” 60

w
BE. C. GASKELL,
awunce oo “man santos,” “nurs,” 66

mm TWO VOLUMES
vol. L

LONDON:
SMITH, ELDER & CO, 65, CORNHILL.

1857.
(Tha right of Translation ls reserved.)

LIFE

oF

CHARLOTTE BRONTE

CHAPTER I

Tax Leods and Skipton roilway rans along a deep valley
of the Aire; a slow and sluggish stream, compared with
the neighbouring river of Wharfe. Keighley station is on
this line of railway, about a quarter of a mile from the
town of the same name. The number of inhabitants and
the importance of Keighley have been very greatly in-
creased during the last twenty yoars, owing to the rapidly
extended market for worsted manufactures, » branch of
industry that mainly employs the factory population of
this part of Yorkshire, which has Bradford for its contre
and metropolis.

Keighley’ is in process of transformation from a popu-
lous old-fashioned village into a still more populous and

'The population of Keighley was 18,878 in 1941, 21,859 in 1861,
‘and 90,810 in 1891. Keighley is now borough and is growing very
rapidly. The old narrow streets have disappeared to a far greater e1
tent than at the time when Birs. Guskell visited the town, Keighl
‘at present boasts many wide and handsome th
several extensive machine works and two pul A large
educational institute has grown out of the old Mechanics’ Institute,
from which the Brontes were accustomed to borrow book.

i ‘about a quarter of a mile from the town,’ the inter-
space being now covered with houses,

HAWORTH PARSONAGE AND CHURCH 5

road is at the side, the path goes round the corner into the
little plot of ground. Undernesth the windows is s narrow
flower-border, carefully tended in days of yore, although
only the most hardy plants could be made to grow there.
Within the stone wall, which keeps out the surrounding
churehyard, are bushes of elder and lilac; the rest of the
gronnd is occupied bys square grass- plot and a gravel
walk. The house is of grey stone, two stories high, heay-
ily roofed with flags, in order to resist the winds that might
strip off a lighter covering. It appears to have been built
about a hundred years ago, and to consiat of four rooms on
each story ; the two windows on the right (as the visitor
stands with his back to the church, ready to enter in at the
front door) belonging to Mr. Bronté’s study, the two on the
left to the family sitting-room. Everything about the place
tells of the most dainty order, the most exquisite cleanli-
ness. The doorsteps are spotless; the small old-fashioned
window-panes glitter like looking-glass. Inside and outside
of that house cleanliness goes up into its essence, purity.*
The church lies, as I mentioned, above most of the
houses in the village ; and the graveyard risos above the
church, and is terribly full of upright tombstones. The
cbapel or church claims greater antiquity than any other in

this in the external aspect of the present edifice, unloss it

"An entirely different aspect is afforded to-day. ‘Troos have been
planted, much money has been spent in careful garden!
lurge dining-room, extending from back to front, has been
side of the house nearest the rond. There was n gateway, now brickod
up, but traceable at the end of the garden, from which the churchyard
could be entered, but this gateway was only opened for the carrying
out of the dead. It was opened for Mra. Bronte, Miss Branwell,
Patrick, Emily, Charlotte, and their father successively,

The incumbency of Haworth, after Mr. Brontt's death In 1861,
passed to the Rev. John Wade, who occupied the parsonage until
1896, when he resigned and was succeeded by the Rev. ‘T. W. Storey,
‘who up to that time lad been senior curate of the Bradford Parish
Church,

TABLETS OF THE BRONTE FAMILY +

old enough nor modern enongh to compel notice. The
pews are of black oak, with high divisions ; and the names
of those to whom they belong are painted in white letters
on the doors. There aro neither brasees, nor altar-tombs,
nor monuments, but there is a mural tablet ' on the right-
hand side of the Communion table, bearing the following
inscription :—
mane
LUE THE REMAINS OF
MARIA BRONTE, WIFE
ov THE:
‘REV. P. BRONTE, 4.B., MINISTER OF HAWORTH.
ER souL
DEPARTED TO THE SAVIOUR, SEPT, 10TH, 1621,
MH THE 9TH YEAR OF HER AOE.
* Be ye also ready: for in such an hour as ye think not the Son of
Man cometh.'—Mattnew xxiv. 44.

ble, but they did not answer the incumbent's challenge that they
should first raise money and then make a counter-proposal. Articles
and letters of protest appeared in the Londoo Standard (Uhroughout
April 1879) and in the Leeds Mercury (April 3, April 80, June 20, 1878);
‘and @ public meeting was held at Haworth, at which a resolution
enndemning the proposed destruction of the church was carried by
large majority. The advocates of demolition triumphed, however.
‘The Consistory Court for the Diocese of Ripon, with which the ult
mate decision lay, decided for rebuilding, and what might bave been
today a pathetic memorial of a remarkable family was doomed to de:
struction, It would have becn easy to find a fresh site for a new
church, and to retain the old one, as has been done at Shaftesbury
and in many other English towns, but the church in which Mr. Bronta
preached and his daughters worshipped for so many years has been
entirely destroyed. Tho tower—the only genuinely ol portion of
the structure—was preserved. The closing services at Haworth Old
Church took place on September 14, 1879, and the new church was
consecrated on February 22, 1881.

‘Phe mural tablet here referred to was probably broken up at the
time of the destruction of the old church. Sundry pew doors, lamp
brackets, and other mementos of the old church, after having been
long in the possession of a dealer, were disposed of by auction at
Sotheby's sale rooms fn London on July 2, 1898.

TABLETS OF THE BRONTE FAMILY S

‘At the upper part of this tablet ample spaco is allowed
between the lines of the inscription; when the first me-
morials were written down, the survivors their fond af-
fection, thought little of the margin and verge they were
leaving for those who were still living. But as one dead
member of the household follows another fast to the grave
the lines are pressed together, and the lettera become small
‘and cramped. After the record of Anne’s death there is
room for no other.

But one more of that generation—the last of that nursery
of six little motherless children—was yet to follow, before
the survivor, the childless and widowed father, found his
rest. On another tablet, below the first, the following rec-
ord has been added to that mournful |i

ADJOINING LIK TIE REMAINS OF
CHARLOTTE, WIFE
oF THE
REY, ARTHUR BELL NICHOLLS, A.B.,
AND DAUGHTER OF THE REV. P. BRONTE, A.
SHE DIRD MARCH S1eT, 1965, INT
YEAR OF HER AGE,’

INCUMBENT,
wre

"In the month of April 1858 « neat mural tablet was erected within
the Communion railing of the Church at Haworth, to the memory of
the deceased members of the Brontt family. The tablet is of white
Carrara marble on » ground of dove-coloured marble, with a cornice
surmounted by an ornamental pediment of chaste design. Between
the brackets which support the tablet ls inscribed the sacred mono-
gram 1.1.8 in Old English letters,

‘This tablet, which corrects the error in the former tablet ns to the
age of Anne Bronte, bears the following inscription in Roman letters,
the initials, however, being in Old English

‘In Mewony oF
‘Maria, wife of the Rev. P. Bront®, A.B., Minister of Haworth,
She died Sept. 15th, 1821, in the 89th year of her age.
* Also of Maria, their daughter, who died May Gth, 1825, in the 12h
year of her age.

CHAPTER II

For a right understanding of the life of my dear friend,
Charlotte Bronté, it appears to me more necessary in her
case than in most others that the reader should be made
acquainted with the peculiar forms of population aud so-
ciety amidst which hor earliest years wore passed, and from
which both her own and her sister’é first impressions of
human life must have been received. I shall endeavour,
therefore, before proceeding further with my work, to pre-
sent some idea of the character of the people of Haworth
and the surrounding districts.

Even an inhabitant of the neighbouring county of Lan-
caster 1s struck by tho peculiar forco of character which
the Yorkshiremen display.’ This makes them interesting
asa race; while, at the same time, as individuals the re-
markable degree of self-sufficiency they possess gives them
an air of independence rather apt to repel a stranger. I
use this expression ‘sclf-sufficioncy’ in the largest sense.
Conscious of the strong sagacity and the dogged power of
will which seem almost the birthright of the natives of the
West Riding, oach man relies upon himself, and seeks no
help at the hands of his neighbour. From rarely requiring
the assistance of others, he comes to doubt the power of
bestowing it; from the general success of his offorts, he
grows to depend upon them, and to over-esteem his own

*+Bome of the West Ridingern nre very angry,’ Mise Nussey wrote
to Mra, Gnokell a few months after the frat edition of the * Memoir’
‘was publiubed, ‘and declare they aro half a century in civilisation
before some of the Lancashire folk, and that this neighbourhood fs a
Paradise compared with some districts not fur from Muuchcster.”

DESCENDANTS OF THE PURITANS 13

and oxtensive knowledge on subjects of both homo and for-
eign politics existing at the prosent day in tho villages ly-
ing west and east of the mountainous ridgo that separates
Yorkshire and Lancaster, the inhabitants of which are of
the same race and possess tho samo quality of character.

The descendants of many who served ander Cromwell at
Dunbar live on the same lands as their ancestors occupied
then ; and perhaps thero is no part of England where the
traditional and fond recollections of the Commonwealth
have lingered #0 long as in that inhabited by the woollen
manufacturing population of tho West Riding, who had
the restrictions taken off their trado by the Protector's
admirable commercial policy. I havo it on good authority
that, not thirty years ago, the plirase ‘in Oliver’s days’
was in common use to denote a timo of unusnal prosperity.
The class of Christian names prevalent in a district is one
indication of the direction in which its tide of hero-worship
sets. Cérave enthusiasts in politics or religion perceive not
the ludicrous side of those which they give to their chil-
dren ; and some are to be found, still in their infancy, not
a dozen miles from Haworth, that will havo to go through
lite as Lamartine, Kossuth, and Dembinsky. And go there
is a testimony to what I have said, of the traditional feel-
ing of the district, and in fact that the Old ‘Testament
names in general use among the Puritans are yet the prev-
alent appellations in most Yorkshire families of middle or
humble rank, whatever their religious persuasion may be.
There are numerous records, too, that show the kindly
way in which tho ejected ministers were received by the
gentry, as well as by the poorer part of the i
during the persecuting days of Charles II. These little
facta all testify to the old hereditary spirit of indepen-
dence, realy ever to resist authority which was conceived
to be unjustly exercised, that distinguishes the peuple of
the West Riding to the present day.

The parish of Halifax touches that of Bradford. in which
the chapelry of Haworth is included ; and the nature uf the

RS

DESCENDANTS OF THE PURITANS au

“From Penigent to Pendle Hill,
‘From Linton to Long. Addingham
‘And all that Craven coasts did ull,” do—

‘one of the places that sent forth its fighting men to the
famous old battle of Flodden Field, and a village not many
miles from Haworth.

‘We were driving along the street, when one of those
ne’er-do-weel lads who seem to have a kind of magnetic
power for misfortunes, having jumped into the stream that
rans through the place, just where all the broken glass and
dottles are thrown, staggered naked amd nearly covered
with blood into a cottage before us. Besides receiving an-
other bad cut in the arm, he had completely laid open the
artery, and was in a fair way of bleeding to death—which,
one of his relations comforted him by saying, would be
likely to ‘save a deal o’ trouble.’

When my husband had checked the effusion of blood with
astrap that one of the bystanders unbuckled from his leg,
he asked if a surgeon had been sent for.

© Yoi,’ was tho answor ; ‘bat we dinua think he'll come’

«Why not ?

*« He’s owd, yo socn, and asthmatic, and it’s up-hill.’

‘My husband, taking a boy for his guide, drove as fast as
he could to the surgeon’s honse, which was about three-
quarters of 8 mile off, and mot the aunt of the wounded lad
leaving it.

“Is he coming inquired my husband.

“Well, he didna’ say he wouldna’ come.’

‘Bat tell him the lad may bleed to death.’

‘I did’

«And what did he say ?

«Why, only “ D—n him ; what do I car

It ended, however, in his sonding ono of song, who,
though not brought up to ‘the surgering trade,’ was able to
do what was necessary in the way of bandages and plasters.
The excuse made for the surgeon was that ‘he was near

2

HAWORTH CIARACTERISTICS 35

women, single or donble, traversed the way to Bradford
Church. The inn and church appeared to bo in nataral
connection, and, as tho labours of the Temperance Society
had then to begin, the interests of sobriety were not al-
ways consulted. On remounting their steeds they com-
menced with a race, and not unfrequently an inebriate or
unskilful horseman or woman was put hors de combat. A
race also was frequent at tho end of theso wedding expe-
ditions, from the bridge to tho toll-bar at Haworth. The
racecourse you will know to be anything but lovel.

Into the midst of this lawless yet not unkindly popula-
tion Mr. Bronté bronght his wife and six little children, in _
February 1820. There are those yet alive who remember
seven heavily laden carta lumbering slowly up the long
stone streot, bearing the ‘new parson’s’ housohold goods
to hie fature abode.

One wonders how the bleak aspect of her new home—
the low oblong stone parsonage, high up, yet with a atill
higher background of eweeping moors—atruck on the
gentle, delicate wife, whose health even then was failing.

18) THE HECKMONDWIKE ‘LECTURE’ 1a.

their wild manners and insubordinate ways. And the girls
talked of the little world around them, as if it were the
only world that was; and had their opinions and their
parties, and their flerce discussions like their elders—pos-
sibly their betters. And among them, beloved and re-
speoted by all, laughed at occasionally by a few, but always
to her face, lived, for a year and a half, the plain, short-
sighted, oddly dressed, studious little girl they called
Charlotte Bronta,

185 PROSPECT OF SEPARATION 141

sad —at the thoughts of leaving home; bat duty—
necessity—these are stern mistresses, who will not be dis-
obeyed. Did I not once say you ought to be thankfal for
your independence? I felt what I said at the time, and I
Tepeat it now with double earnestness; if anything would
cheer me, it is the idea of being so near you. Surely you
and Polly will come and see me ; it would be wrong in me
to doubt it; you wore never unkind yet. Emily and I
leave home on tho 27th of this month ; tho idea of being
together consoles us both somewhat, and, trath, since I
must enter a situation, “my lines have fallen in pleasant
places.” I both love and respect Miss Wooler.’

"Mary Taylor.

THE HEGRE PRXSOSTAT, UR DAREELE, BROSSERS—CENTHAL AVESCE OF THE OARDEX.

TRE NAIKD 'PRNSLOWSAT,” BUR D'IEABELLE, BAUERLA—THE FORMODEX ALLEY,

1813 AT HOME AT HAWORTH 257

sho fall back into the old honsehold ways; with more of
household independence than she could ever have had dur-
ing her aunt’s lifetime. Winter though it was, the sisters
took their accustomed walks on the snow-covered moors; -
or went often down the long road to Keighley, for such
books as had been added to the library there during their
long absence from England.

1846 THE FAILURE OF THE ‘POEMS’ 315

Once more, in September, she writos, ‘ As the work has
received no farther notice from any periodical, I presume
the demand for it has not greatly increased.”

In the biographical notice of hor sisters she thus speaks of
the failure of the modest hopes vested in this publication :-—

“The book was printed ; it is scarcely known, and all of
it that merits to bo known are the poems of Ellis Boll.

“The fixed conviction I held, and hold, of the worth of
these poems has not, indood, received the confirmation of
much favourable criticism ; but I must retain it notwith-
standing,’

Warwick. The original autographs are framed and In the possession
of the Bronte Muscum at Haworth.

1846 THE CLOSE OF 1846 329

I suspect, on the contrary, that there are not unfrequently
substantial reasons underneath for customs that appear to
us absurd ; and if I were ever again to find myself amongst
strangers I should be solicitous to examine before I con-
demned. Indiscriminating irony and fault-finding are
just sumphishness, and that is all. Anne is now much
better, but papa has been for near « fortnight far from well
with the influenza; he has at times a most distressing
cough, and his spirits are much depressed.”

So ended the year 1846,

394 LIFE OF CHARLOTTE BRONTE

quietly there all the time that the burial service was being
read. When he came home he lay down at Emily’s chamber
door, and howled pitifully for many days. Anne Brontd
drooped and sickened more rapidly from that time; and
so ended the year 1848.

FACSIMILE OF A LETTER FROM CHARLOTTE BRONTE TO
MRS, SMITH

Pn gk fis

aa): ee Oe
tren ke attache ne pm WRK
Yo wel eg angel ada

ae ee Mes
fe ee Zale y

ey a gray om

&

_

1883 LETTER TO ELLEN 585.

weather is changed ; the return of the south-west wind suits
me; bat I hope you have no cause to regret the departure
of your favourite east wind. ... I read in a French book
lately a sentence to this effect, that “marriage might be
defined as the state of twofold selfishness.” Let the single
therefore take comfort. Thank you for Mary G.’s letter.
She does seem most happy; and I cannot tell you how
much more real, lasting, and better warranted her bappi-
ness seoms than ever Amelia’s did. I think a0 much of it
in in herself, and her own serene, pure, trusting, religions
nature. Amelia's always gives me the idea of a vacillating,
unsteady rapture, entirely dependent on circumstances
with all their fluctuations. If Mary lives to be a mother,
you will then see a greater difference.

“I wish you, dear Ellen, all hoalth and enjoyment in
your visit; and, ax far as one can judge at present, there
seems a fair prospect of the wish being realised.—Yours
sincerely, C. Bronte.’

1963 VISIT TO LONDON 601

T hope to seo you if all be well. Should there be any objection to this
day, you will kindly let me know. My father is thus far passing the
winter 20 well that I can look forward to leaving home for a little
while with a comparatively easy mind ; he seems also pleased that I
should have a little change. I should leave Leeds at twenty-five
minutes past ten in the morning, and, if I understand Bradshaw
rightly, should arrive in Euston Square at fifteen minutes past four in
the afternoon.

* It grieved me to see that the Times has shown its teeth at Hemond
with a courteously malignant grin which seems to say that It never
forgets a gradge.

“I want to know what Mr. Smith thinks about Villette coming out
so nearly at the same time with Mrs, Gaskell’s new work Rudi, Iam
afraid he will not regard the coincidence as auspicious ; but I hope
s00n to be able to hear bis verbal opinion.

“Trasting that all in “Gloucester Terrace” bave spent a merry
Christmas, and wishing to each and every one, by anticipation, a hap-
Py pew year.”

CHAPTER XXVII

Avren her visit to Manchester she had to return to @ re-
opening of the painful circumstances of the previous win-
ter, aa the time drow near for Mr. Nicholle’s departure
trom Haworth. A testimonial of respect from the parish-
ioners' was presented, at a public meeting, to one who had
faithfally served them for eight years: and he left the
place, and she saw no chance of hearing a word about him
in the fature, unless it was some second-hand scrap of in-
telligence, dropped out accidentally by one of the neigh-
bouring clergymen.

Early in June I roceived the following letter from Miss
Bronté:—

‘Haworth : June 1, 1853,

«June is come, and now I want to know if you can come
on Thuraday, the 9th inst.

“Evor since I was at Manchester I have been anticipating

Not that I attompt to justify myself in asking
as I told yon, here in
this house. Papa too takes great interest in the matter. I
only pray that the weather may be fine, and that a cold, by
which Iam now stupefied, may be gone before the 9th, 20
that I may have no let and hindrance in taking yon on to
the moore—the eole, but, with one who loves nature as you
do, not despicable, resource.

“When you take leave of the domestic cirole and turn

"A gold watch, which is atill in the possession of Mr. Nicholle,
‘The following {nscription ts engraved upon it: * Presented to the Rev.
A.B. Nicholls, B.A., by the teachers, scholars, and congregation of
St. Michael's, Haworth Yorkshire, May 25, 1958."

A th: Acholl

185 HER LAST LLLNESS 651

had bad, lingering sor throst and cold, which hung
about her and made her thin and weak.

«Did I tell you that our poor little Flosay is dead ? She
drooped for a single day, and died quietly in the night
without pain. ‘The loss even of a dog was very saddening ;
yet, perhaps, no dog ever had a happier life or an easier
death.’

On Christmas Day sho and her husband walked to the
poor old woman whose calf she had been eet to sock in
former and less happy days, carrying with them a great
spice cake to make glad her heart. On Christmas Day
many s humble meal in Haworth was made more plontifal
by her gifts.
~ Early in the new year (1855) Mr. and Mrs. Nicholls went
to visit Sir James Kay-Shuttleworth at Gawthorpe. ‘They
only remained two or three days, but it so fell out that she
increased her lingering cold by a long walk over damp
ground in thin shoes.

Soon after her return she was attacked by new sensations
of perpetual nausea and ever recurring faintness. After
this state of things had lasted for some time she yielded to
Mr. Nicholls’s wish that a doctor should be sent for. He
came, and assigned a natural causo for hor miserable indie-
position ; @ little patience and all would go right. Sho,
who was cver paticut in illness, tried hard to bear up and
bear on. But the dreadful sicknoss increased and in-
creased, till the very sight of food occasioned nausea. ‘A
wren would have starved on what she ate during those Inst
six weeks,’ says one. Tabby’s health had enddenly and ut-
terly given way, and she diod in this time of distross and
anxiety respecting the last daughter of the house she had
served so long. Martha tenderly waited on her mistress,
and from time to time tried to cheer her with the thought of
the baby that was coming. ‘I dare say I shall be glad some
time,’ she would say; ‘but I am so
Then she took to her bed, too weak to sit up. From that

1885 HER LAST ILLNESS 653

I do not think she ever wrote a line again.' Long day
and longer nighte went by ; still the same relentless nausea
and faintness, and still borne on in patient trast. Abont
the third week in March there was a chango; a low, wan-
dering deliriam came on ; and in it she begged constantly
for food and even for stimulants, Sho ewallowed eagerly
now ; but it was too late. Wakening for an instant from
this stupor of intelligence, she saw her husband’s woo-
worn face, and caught the sound of some murmured words
of prayer that God would spare her. ‘Ohl’ she whispered
forth, ‘I am not going to die, am I? He will not separate
us, we have been so happy.”

Early on Saturday morning, March 31, the solemn toll-
ing of Haworth church bell spoke forth the fact of her
death to the villagers who had known her from a child,
and whose hearts shivered within them us thoy thought of
the two sitting desolate and alone in the old grey house.

1 This letter to Miss Nussey would seem to have been written a Iit-
He later. It is not dated, but it is printed later in the privately
Issued volume of letters to which reference has been made elso-
where -—

“My dear Ellen,—Thank you very much for Mrs, Hewitt’s sensible,
clearJetter. ‘Thank her too. In much her case was wonderfully like
mine, but I am reduced to greater weakness ; the skeleton emaciation
fs the same. I cannot talk. Even to my dear, patient, constant
Arthur I can say but few words at once.

‘Thee last two days I have been somewhat better, and have taken
some beef-tes, a spoonful of wine and water, a mouthful of light pud-
ding at different times,

“Dear Ellen, I realise full well what you have gove through and
will have to go through with poor Meroy. Oh, may you continue to
be supported and not sink! Bickness here has been terribly rife,
Kindest regards to Mr. and Mrs. Clapham, your mother, Mercy.
Write when you ean.—Yours,

“C. B. Nrcnouts.”

1885 MOURNERS AT HER FUNERAL 655

families in the parish was bidden to the fnneral ; and it be-
came an act of self-denial in many a poor household to give
up to another the privilege of paying their last homage to
her ; and those who wore excluded from the formal train
of mourners thronged the churchyard and church, to soe
carried forth and laid beside her own people, her whom,
not many months ago, they had looked at as a pale white
bride, entering on » new life with trembling happy hope.

Among those humble friends who passionately grieved
over the dead was a village girl that had been betrayed
‘some little time before, but who had found a holy sister in
Charlotte. Sho had sheltered her with her help, her coun-
sel, her strengthening words; had ministered to her necds
in her time of trial. Bitter, bitter was the grief of this
poor young woman, when she heard that her friend was
sick unto death, and deep is her mourning until this day.
A blind girl, living some four miles trom Haworth, loved
Mrs. Nicholls eo dearly that, with many cries and entreaties,
implored those about her to lead her along the roads,
and over the moor paths, that she might hear the last sol-
emn words, ‘Earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dnst to dust;
in sure and certain hope of the resurrection to eternal life,
through our Lord Jesus Christ.’

Such were the mourners over Charlotte Bronté’s grave.

I have little more to say. If my readers find that I have
not said enough, I have said too much. I cannot measure
or judge of such a character as hers. I cannot map out
vices, and virtues, and debatable land. One who know her
long and well—the ‘ Mary’ of this Lite—writes thus of her

‘as ours, and that when trouble does come you may receive due ald
from Heaven, is the sincere wish and ardent prayer of
“Yours very respectfully and truly,
“P, Browrit,

‘To
“George Smith, Eeq.,
“@5 Cornhill, London.’

INDEX 659

Bronté, Charlotte—cont.

‘and G. B. Lewes, $41 n, 350-55,
309-64

her visits to London, 235, 258,
371-80, 488-41, 468-72, 626-
st Behn wo

‘at the opera, 378, 316,

and the ‘ Quarterly Revie
6, 428

visits Soarborough, 411-28, 586
$8

Visite Bdtoburgb, 471

‘Visite a phrenologist, 640 ff

on Mr. Smith's * phreno-
Jogical estimate,’ 643 nf, 581—
tn

and Thackeray's portrait, 614-18

Visited by Mrs. Gaskell, 496-09,
627, 630-86

her engagement with Mr. Nich.
olls, 602 0, 637, 643

her marriage, 645

ber illness and death, 651 ff

mural tablet to, 9-10

her appearance, 103 ff, 190 f

her character, $48, 608,

her father, 00 ‘Rev. Patrick

305-

her sisters, see Anne Bronté,
Bally Broo, Elizabeth
Brooté, Marie Bronté

ber brother, see Patrick Bran-
well Bronté

her works
ovenile writings, 85-98, 05
an literary attempts, 153,

Pooma, 98, 13, 208 9, 487

303.4 938, 64m 682, 634

Neuthorship of, 845’, 868
72, 388 wn

Yeoeption, 321, $38 &, 38

Bronté, Oharlotte—cont,
hor works :—
“Jane Kyre'—cont,
‘\dodication, 249
eoprint, 263, 886, 454
Na Amerios, 370) 674
Yeception, '340 ff, 359-60,
461, 489
wart Bridge controversy,
64, 346, 381
Nand the ‘ Quarterly Review,”
298 ff, 438
Ye France, 486
und Miss Martineau, 608 ff
jrockleburst,” $46
len Buros,” 73, 633
heater,’ 408, 474
“The Professor,’ 184, 820-21
seeking a publisher, 383,
38486, 253, 518-16 0
“Bhirley,’ 100, 108, 268 n,
396-06, 633
{ts comporition, 494-27, 693
the ourates of, 434, 461
authorship of, 438, 447-48
Charlotte on, 467, 592
reprint of, 679-80, 688, 697
Rev. A. B. Nicholis o
general reception of, 431 ff,
436 f, 439, 489
“Caroline Helstone,’ 102 1,
103
‘*Villoti,’ 677, 689, 598
its inception, 814-15, 561,
007 n, 502
{in manuscript, 696 n, 597
pablcation 608 nat
ta reception, 607 ff, 61
Me. George Smith and, 593,
604-605, 619-30 n
‘M “Pao! Bmanvel,’ 582,
619-90, 688
confession incident in, 271—
2

and Miss Martineae, 620
“Bronté (Charlotte) and her Circle.

108 w, 368 w, 271 9, 888 w, 475 n,
609

INDEX

Bronté, Rev. Patrick—cowt,
‘and Charlotte's portrait, 474-75

and Charlotte’ 604,
281, 646. Bee also Nicholls,

Rev,

snd Baily, 889
and the Rev, A. B, Nicholls, 63
ay 188 n, 608-604, 641, 080
a , 989, 668, 691
thd Mies Weoley 170"
and M. Hoger, 264-56
bie gun, 68
takes Charlotte and Emily to
Brussels, 225
and ' Villette,’ 607 =
hia LUlneases, 66, 187, 400, 436,
453, 464, 588, 645
his eyesight, 276-277, 816, 821,
825, 626-27 n
and Mrs. Gaskell, 498, 626
and Mr. George’ Smith, 607 »,
626 n, 654-56 n
‘ia character, 53-56
bia exclasiveness, 47-60
Mea, Gaskell siew of, 62 =,
his will, 38»
soural tablet
Bronté, Mra, Patri
het birth, 10%
ber descent, 41
her love letiera, 43-44, 451
‘her books, 127
her marriage, 89, 45
ther death, 66, 61
her life at Haworth, 48, 51
her portrait, 41 n
her monument, 7, 9
Bronté, Patrick Branwell
birth, 8m, 10 n, 46
tlsm, 47
8-59, 88, 86-88
and the Royal Academy of Arts,
189, 171, 188, $14»
‘at Luddenden Foot, 08 n, $18
in Miss Branwell’s will, 288
and Anne, 287, 869 .
0d Mise Branvwell, 128 n, 120,
and Charlotte, 125 9, 288-88,
290

108

661

Bronté, Patrick Branwell—ont,
Gharlotie's letters to, 106, 107
‘and Emily, 287, 806
and his father, 207
and hie sisters’
3850

and the Robinsons, 296, 484-85 n

hhis drawings and paintings,
638

his letter to Wordsworth, 153-
85

his writings, 98 m, 154-66, 190

his character, 187, 188-90

his appearance, 129, 190

his idleness and bad babits, 276,
286, 287, 290, 294, 21
804, 803, 806, 807, $11, 827,
831, 868-59, 880, 283 ff

bis death, 882-86

mural tablet to, 8, 9 =

his knowledge’ of London, 140,
188

‘an railway clerk, 202, 218, 214
vm, 281
‘8 ttor, 208 m, 214 0
Brooke, Mrs., 201, 308 ff
Brookroyd, 108 n, 807, 889, 478 ff,
878 ff, O44
Brougham, Lord, biographical note
on, 136'n
Broughton-in-Furness, 202 »
Brown, John, 447 n
Brown, Martha, 53 1, 56», 214 9,
307, 420, 499, 447, 464, '470-71,;

novels, 835,

606-607

Brown, Samuel, 489

Browne, Dr. the phrenologist, $40 ff

Brac, 108 », 918, 216-28, 238

5

Bryce, Rev, David, 188, 198 »

Balwer, Sir Rdward Lytton (after
‘wards first Lord Lytton), $64,
584

Burlington, 188, 186,201,218, 268,

INDEX

Founell, Miss (Mra, Morgan), 43 1,
460

Fennell, Rev. John, 43 ff, 48 »

Fecrand, Mrs, Busficld, 488

Frelding, Henry, 077 m, 638-24
‘hie “Tor Jones," 860
Jonathan Wild,’ 677-78 =
Filey, 686-88
* Florence Sack ville.’ 668-68 »
Flossy, the dog, 663, 681
Fonblanque, A. W., 438, 487
Dr., 390-91 n, 404, 411, 623,
625, 881, 627 =
Forgade Ragtne, 486-27
Forster, John, 520 n, 679
Fox, George, 164 »
Fox Howe, Westmoreland, 504, 512
‘Fraser's Magazine,’ 341 n, 861-53 n,
518
* Free Lance,’ 662 9
Froude, J. A., 447

Gunna, Nasor, 58-64 n, 7 9
Gares, Sarah, 67
Gaskell, Mra., 490 », 622 0
on’ Rev. Cures Wilton, 66 ff,
3830
and Sir Wemyss Reld, 78 »
‘ou Branwell Bronts, 904
Charlowe Broats ‘on, 483,
Moat
meeta Charlotte Bronts, 480 ff
visits Charlotte Broutd, 496-99,
426, 680-86
letters from Oharlotte Bromté,
485-87, 606, 647-60, 604-606,
616, 628-29, 644
visited by Obarlotte Bromtd,
586-89, 620-98, 640, 643
on Charlotte Bronts, 392
605 ff, 631 ff
‘on Emily Bronts, 089-38
‘on Rev. Patrick Bronté, 681, 688
on Rev. A. B, Nicholls, 603 ff,
625, 643, 647 w
fand Charlotte Bronta’s letters to
Miss Nossey, 103 9
and Miss Nossoy, 108», 128
fon Mary Taylor, 108 n
oa Miss Wooler, 108

and Miss Letitia Weelwright,
Pry a

‘Life
Brom,’
“Cranford,
‘Mary Bartoo,’ 604
‘Moorland Oottage,’ 480»
“Ruth,” 601, 604-806
Gaskell, Mise Jutta, 560, 558, 628
Gaskell, Miss Marianne, 560, 563,
638 ff
Gaskell, Miss Meta, 548, 558, 698
Gaskell, Rev. W., 12 1, 588-54
Gawthorpe Hall, 457
‘Germ, The,’ 800
Glasoar, 87 0
‘Glangow Ruaminer,” 348 0
Glenelg, Lord, 885, 687
Goethe, 484
Goethe, Lewes’ ‘Lite’ of, 861."
Goldemaith, Oliver, 128 , 184, 664 1,
654
Gomersal, 97 n, 108 n, 119, 190, 175,
199-200
Gore, Mra, 477
Grant, Rev. Mr., 468 n, 646
Greenwood, John, 299 n, 474
Grey, Earl,’ 108, i8f
Grimshaw, Rev. W.,

990, 40
(Talbot!

Halifax’ Guardian,
Halen, Arbon 488
Hardaker, Blizabeth, 168
J. and A., thelr ‘Guesses at
naeath 43
larrogate, 184
Harvshoad, 88, 118, 180
Hatheraage, 178 n, 398
Hauseé, iio, 968°»
Haworth, 8, 185, 387, 85, $80

48,

churob and’ oburebyard,
30

INDEX 665
359-64, Maurice, Rev. F. D., 880
494-06, 566 Melrose, 471, 488
his ‘Ranthorpe,' 361 1, 355,| Melville, Rev., 560
308 Merrell, én
his ‘Rose, Blanche, and Violet,’|‘ Methodlat Magusine,’ 137
351 n, 368 ‘Mill, Jobo Stoart, 653-83"

Leyland, Francis A., his ‘Bronté
Family,’ 128 », 908
Lille, 231
‘Literary Gazette, The,’ 310, 840,
343, 642, 607 w
Liverpool, i82
Liversedge, 111, 113
Lockhart, 4. G., 185
London Bridge Wharf, 258
London, see Charlotte Bronté in
London :
the Chapter Coffee House, 285,
258, 871, 378 n, 978
St Panl's' Cathedral, 120, 286,
878
Trafalgar Square, 648
Louis-Philippe, King, 865
‘Lomood School,” 65
“Lucy Bnowe,’ see Charlotte Bronté
—* Villette”
Loddenden Foot, 22, 203, 218
Luddite Riota, 110
Lytton, Lord, see Sir E. L. Bulwer

Macavtar, Lord, his ‘Essays.’ 600,

Gis
his ‘ History of Rngland,’ 409

McClory, Alice, 86 n

McCrowdio, Miss, 686.0

Macready, W., 030 0

Manchester, 13», 202, 246 n, 817 f,

325, 688, 620, 625, 644

Mannera, Lord John, 488

Marie, Mlle., 934

Marab, Mra, 342 1, 634

Martineau, Harriet, 894, 440-41, 447,
48%, 498, 408, 606, 608-18,
546-48, 550-51, 658 m, 058,
559 n, 665 n, B78 n, 698, 699
1, 607 n, 620 n

her ' Deorbrook,’ 440, 571
Martineau, Rev. James, 661
‘Mary Barton,’ cee Mrs. Gaskell, ber
works
Marzials, Mme., 993 9

Miller, Maria, see Mre. Roberton
Milnes, Monckton, 681-82, 685
Milton, John, 134

firabean,’ $70

Gaskell, her works
‘Morgen, Rev, William, 48 1, 46
“Morning Chronicle,” 464
Morrison, Mr. Alfred, 301
Mibi, Mile,,

‘Mulock, Miss Dinah ML, see Mra. Oraik

Narocaom, 268-69
‘National Gallery, 878, 877»

by, Thomas Cantley, 354, 356 n,
68m, 869 m, 874 n, 489m, 50S mn,
504-608 », STL a

Newman, F. W., 447, 481
Nowman, Father (aflarwards Cardi-
nal) 481

Newton, Rev. John, 23
Nicholls, Rev. Arthur Bell, 818, 418,
463 x, 471, 584 1, 638
and Mrs. Gaskell, 667-68 w, 602
ff, 025, 663, 647
and’ Rev. Patrick Brouta, 83 7,
188 n, 603-604, 641 f, 650
bla engagement ‘with Charlotte
Bronté, 602-804, 687, 641
marriage with Charlotte Bronvé,
45
his study at Haworth Parsonage,
48, O44
In Treland, 604 », 647
and ‘Bhirley,’ 447
on Bully Broms's portralt,
189.5
and ‘The Professor,” 830
and ‘Jane Eyre,’ 447
Nicholls, Bev. — 33

INDEX

Righy, Miss, ove Lady Eastlake
Ringrose, Miss, 383
Ripon, Bishop of, 616
Ritchie, Mrs, Richmond, 643 =
‘Rivista Britannica,’ 564 =
Roberson, Hammond, 118-17, 165
Robiuson, Rev. Edmond, 218, 296, 889
ovine, Wiliam, o Leeds,
bingo, 135.8
Rochdale, 21
‘Rochester,’ 485, 474
Roe Head, 98, 109, 117, 195, 140,
149, 151
Rogers, Sarouel, 635, 587
Rollin, 188
"Rone, Blanche, and Violet see G.
wes
“Rose Douglas,’ see Mra. Whitehead
Rousseau, J. J., 51
Rowe, Mre. Blisabeth, 128
Rae d'faabelle (‘ Rue Fossette'), 325,
‘227, 929, 246, 259, 278
Rue Royale, 227
Roskin, John, 490, 618, 520 n, 526 f,
53, 627
his “King of the Golden River,’
491
Modern Painters,’ 481
his ‘Seven Lampe of Architeot-
‘ure,’ 481
his Stones of Venice 516, 523 n,
526 n, 653
‘Russell, Lord Jobn, 879
“Bath,” see Mra. Gaskell, ber works
Rydings, The, 108 », 136

Sr. Coats, Lap Hanaitr, 619, 620 n
St Gadule, 296, 229
84, James” Palace, 182
‘St. John’s College, Cambriige, 37
‘St Paul's Cathedral, 181, 925, 378
Sand, 361, 863, 494, 496
Bear ‘218, 411 f, 586
‘Beatcherd,” Miss, 73.
‘Boboo! for Fathers, The,? 581
Scoresby, Dr., 98
Scott, Alexander J., 460
Scott, Rev. Jumes, 119
Scott, Sir Walter, 127, 194, 998 1, 860,
400
bis *Kenilworth,’ 128

667

Shakespeare, 134

Sheridan, B.B., 107

Shattleworth, Lady, 455-56, 468-64,
480-81, 687 », 613

Shuttleworth, Bir James Kay, 450, 468
84, 468 m, 480-81, 509 6, B18 1,
586, 587 n, 613, 680-61

‘Bhilgy,’ ves Charlotte Broatd, ber

Sidgwick, Joho, of Stonegappe, 177-
0

Sidgwick, Mra, 198 1, 263
Sinton, Charen 88
Smith, Elders Go., 803 n, 821 n, 835,
341, 970-71, 375, 480, 521
Charlotte Bronta's letters to, 885—
38, 342-45, 369-63 0
Smith, Mr. Alick, 653 n, 600 1, 600m
Smith, Mr, George, 989
ahd Anne Broté, 873, 386 1,
493
and Baily Bronté, 886 n, 498
and ‘Jane Eyre,’ 889-40, 388 n
‘and ‘Bhirley,’ 897 », 679-80
and * Vilew,’ 69-96, 597, 601,
605, 608
and Miss Martineno, 867 » ff
‘sends books to Charlotte Bronté,
B70 w, $81 m, 446-47, 404»,
459, 478 n, 627 9
meets Charlotte Bronté, 372 ff
and Charlotte Brouts's visite to
London, 878 ff, 485 n, 438 ff,
+ 469, 486
and Charlotte Brouts's visit to a
phrenologist, 640 ff
and Thackeray, 643 0
and ‘The Professor,’ 885 #, 615—
168
Charlotte Bront's opinion of,
STI n
‘and Charlotte Brooté's marriage,
S44 n
(Charlotte Bronté’s letters to,808m,
870m, 881 1», $86 2, 390-91 n,
398 1, 480-81, 434-87, 443-
44 1m, 454-85 n, 457-63, 463-
64 m, 478 n, 476 n, 489-90 n,
501-808 , "504-506 n, B1—
16, 819-90 n, 699-83 n, 624
7 m, 089-40 n, 549-48 n, 546—

INDEX

‘Thackeray, W. M.—eomt.
his ‘Paris Sketch Book,’ 676 n,
78.5
his 458
hia ‘ Vanity Fair,’ $49 1, 381 5,

*Thornfield,” 103 =, 394
Thoroton, $8 n, 46
‘Thornton Old Bell Charch, 46
Thorp Green, 214
Tiger, the dog, 276
Rev, Mr., 37
“Times, The,’ 810, 439, 461, 565 »,
891, 090m, 601'n
Titmarsh, M.A, see W. M. Thacke-

ray
‘Trench, Archbishop, 323

‘Turner, J. Horsfall, 102 =

‘Two Families, The,’ see Mra. White-

‘Usczz Tou's Canty,’ see Mrs, Beecher

Btowe
Upperwood House, Rendon, 208
am

*Vamrre Fam eee W. M. Thackeray

Victoria, Queen, 277, 488, 634

“Villette,” eee Charlotte Bronté, her
works’

Voltaire’s ‘Honriade,’ 381 0

Ware, Rev. Joho, 5 1, 6

Walton, Miss Agnes,'198 n, 200 »,
20a

‘Watts's ‘Improvement of the Mind,’
1618

Weatherfleld, Essex, 38

Weightman, "Rev. William, 162»,
106-98, 199-200 n, 203 », 203,
351 n

Wellington, Salop, 38 n

Wellington, New Zealand, 108 n, 576.»

Wellington, Duke of, 88, 87, 89-91,
108, 183, 268 ff, 469, 476, 510 n,
511, 890, 614

Wenlock, Lady, 087

Weeley, John, $8, 127

Westaninster Abbey, 181

669

Westminster, Marquis of, 535-37
‘Westminster Review,’ $41 n, 552
Wheelwright, Dr., 946 , 279, 653
Wheelwright, Lesitia, 280 »,'233 »,
‘SAG-AT w, 436 f, 449, 471, 481
639, 653
ee
te, Heory Kirke, 37»
Whitefeld, Rev. George, 28
Whitehead, Mra. —
her Rose Douglas,’ 519 n, 580
and ‘The Two Fanilies, 580
‘Whites of Rawdon, 206 n' ff, 213-
14m, 217, 261, 2863
Wilberforce, * Memoir’ of, 160
Will O° the Wisp,’ sce Puseyites
Williams, W. 8,476 n, 490 w, 601 n,
515-16 n, 525-26 n, 578 nf,
594, 620»
discovery of Charlotte Bronté,
40m
sends books to Charlotte Bronté,
499-500, 580-81
and ‘The Professor,’ 381 0
Charlotte Bronté’s letters to,
41-43 n, 848, 349 x, 358-55,
368-64, 38485 n, 388-80 »,
393 n,'395-97 , 401-403 6,
416 n, 428-29, 487 w, 448-45,
456-57 n, 472-73, 480 n, 499-
B01, 545-46, 558-87, 604—
66 n, 579-82, 588-89, 696-07,
618-19
Wilton, Rev. Carus, 66 ff, 81 », 382.9
Wilson, John (‘Christopher North),
88

Windermere, 481, 484
Wise, Thomas J., 102
Wiseman, Cardinal, 601 n, 524 n,
585 ff
Wordsworth, William, 124, 134, 168,
154, 160, 190, 801
his ‘Prelude,’ 487, 499
Wooler, Catherine, 98, 234
Wooler, Eliza, 166 n, 208 »
Wooler, Mre., 166.0
Wooler, Margaret, 97, 404, 451
hher school, 101, 103, 110, 120,
140, 164, 217, 319-30
Charlotte ‘Bronté’s letters to,
808-804, 365-66, 881-88, 613-

670 LIFE OF CHARLOTTE BRONTE

18, 686-88, 691-92, 613-14, | Ws he ‘Bronté’s I os
oe ret Gah 818-14 | Wrigh in Ireland;

Onarlts’ Broa and, 188 »,|‘Wotbering Hi ta,’ veo Emily
Mate With sor A, ry ea ae

‘and Anne Brout8, 17

nd Charlotte Brows redding, ‘Yous, 214 n, 414-15
Yorkshireman, Character of, 11

vist Haworth 689 Young Men's Magasine,' 85

THE END