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PORTRAIT   OF   HENRY   WOTTON 
(From  the  original  at  Eton  College,  by  an  unknown  painter.) 


rHE  LTF.E  AND  LETTERS 


OF 


SIR  HENRY  WOTTON 

BY 

LOGAN   PEARSALL   SMITH 


IN  TWO  VOLUMES 
VOL.  II 


OXFORD 

AT  THE  CLARENDON  PRESS 

1907 


J)  R 
SBI 

♦I 

HENRY  FROWDE,  M.A.  1/   2. 

PUBLISHER  TO  THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   OXFORD 

LONDON,  EDINBURGH 

NEW  YORK  AND  TORONTO 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

VOLUME    II 


PAGE 

Sir  Henry  Wotton's  Letters,    1612-39       ....  1 

Appendix  I.    Chronological  List  of  Prose  Works,  Poems, 
and  Letters  of  Sir  Henry  Wotton  : 

A.  Collected  Works  and  Letters       .         .         .        412 

B.  Separate  Prose  Works  .         .         .         .         .413 

C.  Poems 415 

D.  Letters  and  Dispatches  .         .         .         .417 
Appendix   II.     'The    State    of    Christendom,'    Date    and 

Authorship 455 

Appendix  III.     Notes   on   Sir    Henry   Wotton's   Friends, 

Correspondents  and  Associates 460 

Appendix  IV: 

A.  List    of    Italian    Authors,    Selected    and 

Censured  by  Sir  Henry  Wotton        .         .       484 

B.  Character      of      Kobert,      Late     Earl     of 

Salisbury 487 

C.  Table  Talk 489 

Glossary 501 

Index 505 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS 


Henry  Wotton,  from  the  original  portrait  by  an  unknown 

painter  at  Eton  College Frontispiece 

Facsimile  of  a  Letter  of  Wotton,  dated  Venice  the 
U  of  January,  1622,  from  the  original  in  the  Library 
of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford.         .         .        To  face  p.  224 

Fra  Paolo  Sarpi,  from  the  portrait  by  an  unknown  painter 

in  the  Bodleian  Library  ....        To  face  p.  370 


LETTERS 

200.    To  Sir  Thomas  Edmondks. 

Stow*  MS.  172,  f.  224,  holograph.     Wotton's  embassy  to  Turin. 

(Amiens),  this  28th  of  our  March,  1612. 
My  Lord, 

Although  since  my  return  home  from  Venice  by  that  place 
where  you  are,  and  where  you  used  me  so  nobly,  I  have  lived  in 
much  silence  towards  you  and  all  others,  passing  my  time  more 
in  mine  own  private  study  than  in  the  Court,  which  is  the  market 
of  noise  and  novelties ;  yet  being  now  put  abroad  again  by  his 
Majesty  into  some  action,  I  am  bound  to  give  your  Lordship 
a  reckoning  of  myself  and  of  my  employment,  both  out  of  the 
general  duty  of  such  correspondence  as  ought  to  run  between 
the  servants  of  one  good  master,  and  likewise  by  mine  own  personal 
and  particular  obligations  towards  yourself.  It  may  please  your 
Lordship,  therefore,  to  understand  from  me,  that  I  arrived  yester- 
night as  far  as  Amiens  \  on  my  way  towards  the  Court  of  Savoy  ; 
whither  I  am  bearing  his  Majesty's  commandments,  who  is  desirous 
to  satisfy  that  Duke  about  the  subject  of  the  two  late  embassies,  in 
the  first  propounding  a  reciprocal,2  in  the  second  a  single  match. 
It  is  likewise  his  Majesty's  care  not  to  remain  in  obligation  for 
certain  rarities  that  were  sent  him,  and  therefore  he  hath 
returned  by  me  unto  the  said  Duke  a  very  rich  and  royal  present, 
consisting  of  ten  ambling  horses,  sumptuously  caparisoned  in 
several  kinds,  and  a  jewelled  sword.3  And  to  conduct  the  horses 
he  hath  sent  Sir  Peter  Saltanstone,  one  of  the  four  queries 4,  whom 

1  Wotton  wrote  to  Donne  from  Amiens,  but  the  letter  has  not  been  preserved. 
.  i,  p.  301.) 

-  The  first  embassy  from  Savoy  was  that  of  Count  Cartignana,  early  in  1611, 
who  proposed  the  double  match  ;  the  second,  the  return  of  Count  Cartignana 
in  the  autumn,  with  proposals  for  the  marriage  of  the  Princess  Elizabeth  and 
the  Prince  of  Piedmont.     {Gardiner,  ii,  p.  140.) 

:;  Chamberlain  describes  these  horses  as  'ten  light  ambling  geldings,  with 
I  variety  of  saddles  and  rich  furniture'.  They  were  sent  away  on  Man-b  10 
in  the  charge  of  Sir  Peter  Saltonstall,  but  met  Wotton  at  Lyons.  The  sword, 
Chamberlain  wrote,  was  a  rich  one,  '  with  the  hilt,  pommel,  handle,  and  chape 
of  gold,  set  full  of  fair  diamonds,  to  the  value  of  sixteen  thousand  pounds, 
certain  selected  sworn  jewellers  have  so  valued  it.'  {C,  A  T.  .las.  7,  i,  p.  1880 
The  night  before  Wotton  went  away,  an  attempt  was  made  to  steal  this  tword, 
but  the  thieves  made  a  mistake,  and  took  from  his  room  the  ambassador's  own 
sword  by  mistake.    (P>id.,  p.  168.)  s  » Queries,'  old  form  equerries.    (X.E.1>.) 

WOTTON.    II  ]{ 


2  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

the  King  doth  well  esteem,  and  five  of  his  grooms  with  their  coats, 
which  company  is  gone  before  me  for  commodity  sake,  but  is  to 
stay  at  Lions  till  my  arrival.  I  shall  have  with  me,  for  gentlemen 
of  quality,  Sir  Robert  Eiche l.  whom  I  find  here  full  of  worthy 
remembrance  of  your  Lordship,  Mr.  Francis  Haward2,  son  to  my 
Lord  William,  and  Sir  William  Candishe3,  son  and  heir  to 
Sir  Charles  his  father,  and  by  his  mother  heir  to  the  Barony  of 
Ogle,  a  young  gentleman  very  nobly  bred,  and  of  singular  expecta- 
tion ;  some  other  gentlemen  there  are  of  meaner  note,  whom 
I  shall  not  need  to  describe  unto  your  Lordship.  Our  whole  troop 
together,  when  we  shall  pass  the  mountains,  will  be  about  fifty 
horse.  Now,  for  the  substance  of  mine  errand,  your  Lordship  may 
(if  it  please  you)  assure  the  Duke  of  Savoy's  Minister  there,  that 
if  his  master  shall  not,  with  those  embassies  wherewith  he  hath 
so  much  honoured  his  Majesty,  gain  an  ally  (whereof  all  the 
impediment  shall  depend  upon  some  circumstances  on  his  side, 
and  on  no  disestimation  of  the  offer  on  ours),  yet  en  tout  cas  he 
hath  gained  a  perpetual  friend  towards  him  and  his  in  all  just 
occasion,  as  I  have  very  large  and  particular  commission  to  assure 
him.  This  is  that  accompt  which  I  found  myself  tied  to  give  your 
Lordship  of  my  present  employment.     It  shall  be  a  new  obligation, 

1  Sir  Kobert  Rich  (1587-1658),  second  Earl  of  Warwick  in  1619,  Lord  High 
Admiral  1643.  (D.  K.  B.)  Gussoni,  the  Venetian  ambassador  at  Turin,  calls  him 
•  il  Barone  Rizzo ',  and  says  he  was  reported  to  have  an  income  of  60,000  ducats 
a  year  (£15,000).  About  two  weeks  after  Wotton's  arrival,  Rich  suddenly  left 
Turin  and  returned  to  England.  His  departure  was  variously  explained  ;  some 
said  the  King  wished  to  send  him  as  a  colonel  of  infantry  to  help  the  King  of 
Denmark ;  others  reported  that  Wotton  was  displeased  with  him  because  he 
kept  frequenting  Catholic  churches ;  while  the  more  malicious  believed  that 
the  ambassador  was  jealous  of  the  great  honours  paid  him — as  great,  if  not 
greater,  than  those  paid  to  Wotton  himself.  When  about  to  depart,  he  found 
that  his  trunks  had  been  forced  open,  and  a  large  sum  of  money  stolen.  The 
malicious  again  accused  Wotton  of  having  had  this  done  to  prevent  Rich's  return 
to  England.  (Ven.  Arch.,  Gussoni,  June  3,  1612,  calendared  Cal.  S.  P.  Ven.,  xii, 
p.  368.) 

2  Francis  Howard,  afterwards  Sir  Francis  Howard  of  Corby  Castle,  a  royalist 
colonel  in  the  Civil  Wars.  Chamberlain  on  March  11  gives  the  names  of 
Wotton's  companions  '  of  note '  as  follows  :  '  a  son  of  the  Lord  William  Howard, 
two  sons  of  Sir  Charles  Cavendish,  one  Yorke  ;  and  Sir  Robert  Rich  tarries  for 
him  in  France.'     (C.  &  T.  Jas.  I,  i,  p.  138.) 

3  William  Cavendish  (1592-1676),  afterwards  the  first  Duke  of  Newcastle 
(1665).  This  journey  is  mentioned  by  the  Duchess  of  Newcastle,  in  her  life 
of  her  husband.  '  When  he  was  grown  to  the  age  of  fifteen  or  sixteen,  he  was 
made  Knight  of  the  Bath  .  .  .  ;  and  soon  after  he  went  to  travel  with  Sir  Henry 
Wotton,  who  was  sent  as  ambassador  extraordinary  to  the  Duke  of  Savoy 
which  Duke  made  very  much  of  my  Lord,  and  when  he  would  be  free  in 
feasting,  placed  him  next  to  himself.  Before  my  Lord  did  return  with  the 
ambassador  into  England,  the  said  Duke  proffered  my  Lord,  that  if  he  would 
stay  with  him,  he  would  not  only  confer  upon  him  the  best  title  of  honour  he 
could,  but  also  give  him  an  honourable  command  in  war,  although  my  Lord 
Was  but  young,  for  the  Duke  had  then  some  designs  of  war.  But  the  ambassador, 
who  had  taken  the  care  of  my  Lord,  would  not  leave  him  behind  without  his 
parents'  consent.'     {Lives  of  the.  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Newcastle,  1872,  pp.  3,  4.) 


TO   SIR  THOMAS    EDMONDES  3 

if  I  may  receive  your  letters  at  Lions,  and  in  them  any  such 
advertisement  as  you  may  think  to  concern  our  master's  ends,  as 
likewise  any  such  news  as  your  Lordship  may  have  received  from 
England  very  freshly,  especially  touching  the  sickness  of  my 
Lord  Treasurer,  whom  I  left  in  cheerful  opinion  of  himself.1  Unto 
my  Lady  your  wife  I  must  remember  my  very  humble  service ;  of 
whose  courteous  usage  of  me,  and  generally  of  her  noble  fashion, 
I  have  been  a  professor  in  many  places,  which  is  all  the  payment 
f  van  yield  her. 

Lastly,  I  recommend  unto  your  Lordship's  kindness  this  gentle- 
man, Mr.  Philip  Worledge2,  who  having  thought  to  pass  with  me 
into  Italy,  hath  changed  that  resolution  into  a  better,  meaning  for 
a  year  or  such  a  matter,  to  perfect  his  French  tongue  in  this 
kingdom,  and  afterwards  to  spend  some  two  or  three  years  in 
Italy.  He  is  in  himself  of  noble  blend,  and  of  good  disposition 
and  merit,  and  very  nearest  kin  to  my  Lady  my  sister ;  which 
respects  bind  me  to  wish  his  well  doing. 

And  so  committing  your  Lordship  and  your  whole  family  to  God's 
merciful  love,  I  rest, 

Your  Lordship's  faithful  poor  friend  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 


201.    To  the  Earl  of  Pembroke. 

Askm.  MS.  1729,  f.  116,  holograph.     Wotton  sends  a  copy  of  his  dispatch 
to  William  Herbert,  third  Earl  of  Pembroke  (1580-1630). 

From  Luniburge,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Mont  Senes,  this  9th  of  May,  1612. 
Style  of  the  place. 
My  Lord, 

I  have  sent  herewith  unto  your  Lordship  the  copy  of  (my 
letter)  from  this  place  to  my  L(ord  of  Salisbury,  to)uching  our 
journey  hitherto  and  the  (eve)nts  thereof,  which  I  have  done  in 
two  respects:    first,  for  that  your  Lordship  was  one  of  those  six 

1  The  Earl  of  Salisbury  was  now  in  his  last  illness.  Rallying  from  a  severe 
attack  at  the  end  of  December,  1611,  he  began  to  apply  himself  to  business 
in  March,  but  his  illness  returned  in  April,  and  on  May  24  he  died  at 
Marlborough  on  his  way  from  Bath.  (Gardiner,  ii,  pp.  141,  142.)  During 
Salisbury's  illness,  and  after  his  death,  Wotton  was  talked  of  for  a  while  as 
his  most  probable  successor  in  the  important  office  of  Secretary  of  State.  On 
March  11  Chamberlain,  writing  to  Carleton  about  Salisbury's  illness,  said  that 
those  who  knew  Salisbury's  mind  best  believed  that  Wotton  would  succeed  him, 
'  to  whom,'  he  adds,  ;  in  that  regard  I  lent  a  charity  that  may  chance  stand  in 
some  need.'     (C.  &  T.  Jas.  I,  i,  137.  wrongly  dated  1611.) 

2  Probably  Woolrich.  Lady  Wotton's  aunt,  Anne  Wharton,  daughter  of 
Thomas,  second  Lord  Wharton,  married  William  Woolrich,  Esq. 

15    2 


LETTERS   OF    WOTTON 


•h  ;    next. 


whom  his  Majesty  called  into  council  about  my  dispatch 
for  mine  own  particular  obligations  towards  yourself,  which  make 
me  single  your  Lordship  from  the  rest,  and  bind  me  to  honour  you, 
not  in  communi,  but  in  individno.  When  I  have  more  matter,  youi 
Lordship  shall  have  more  trouble  ;  and  yet,  perhaps,  this  is  more 
than  I  shall  know  how  to  excuse  or  to  redeem  with  the  next.  Our 
dear  Saviour  in  the  meanwhile,  and  ever,  bless  you. 

(Your)  Lordship's  faithfully  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

My  Lord,  I  have  taken  a  presumption  (which  I  hope  youi 
Lordship  will  pardon)  to  pass  under  your  cover  a  few  lines  to  mj 
honest  friend. 

202.    To  the  Eael  of  Salisbury. 

Ashm.  MS.  1729,  f.  115,  transcript  unsigned,  extract.    No  date,  but  the 
dispatch  referred  to  in  the  previous  letter.     Wotton's  journey  to  Turin. 

(Luniburge,  May  9,  1612,  N.S.) 

Right  Honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

.  .  .  From  Boulogne  (where  I  wrote  my  last)  through  Picardie, 
Champagny,  and  a  piece  of  the  Duchy  of  Burgundie,  I  arrived  at  Lyons 
on  Wednesday  morning  of  the  Easter  week ;  and  before  dinner  Sir 
Peter  Salton stone  came  likewise  thither  with  his  company  by  the  way 
of  Orleans.  Our  meeting  thus  together  in  the  place  which  we  had 
determined  with  the  difference  of  so  few  hours,  we  esteemed  a  good 
presagement  of  the  rest.  In  mine  own  passage  I  had  here  and 
there  some  honour  done  me  by  the  mayors  and  eschevins,  the 
governors  of  the  principal  towns  being  all  at  the  Court  by  occasion 
of  the  late  jollities.1  .  .  . 

From  Boulogne  to  Lyons  I  spent  just  three  weeks,  staying  in  no 
place  longer  than  was  meet  for  some  care  of  our  horses,  save  only  at 
Troyes,  where  I  rested  a  day  and  a  half  upon  a  little  indisposition 
(which)  William  Candish  had  contracted,  first  by  the  extre(me 
of  cold)  and  wind,  and  then  of  heats,  being  loath  to  leave  (behind) 
so  sweet  an  ornament  of  my  journey,  and  a  gentleman  himself  of  so 
excellent  nature  and  institution.  At  Lyons  we  were  forced  to  rest 
five  days,  partly  for  the  refreshing  of  our  own  equipage,  before  we 
should  climb  the  hills ;  but  chiefly  upon  an  unfortunate  accident 
happened  to  one  of  the  best  horses  of  the  King's  present,  who  had 
casually  trod  upon  the  sharp  end  of  a  pruner's  sickle,  such  as  they 
use  in  the  vineyards,  which  ran  some  two  inches  into  his  foot.     Our 

1  The  rejoicings  at  the  conclusion  of  the  treaty  for  reciprocal  marriages 
between  France  and  Spain. 


TO   THE   EARL   OF   SALISBURY  5 

itay  was  to  see  whether  he  could  be  recovered  without  shedding  the 
hoof ;  whereof,  when  there  appeared  small  hope,  Sir  Peter  Saltonstone 
resolved  to  leave  him  behind,  and  to  supply  his  room  with  a  very  fair 
ambler  of  his  own,  being  in  truth  as  careful  and  zealous  a  servant  as 
I  think  his  Majesty  could  have  chosen  ;  whereof  he  hath  given  good 
proof,  having  (except  that  casualty  which  could  not  be  prevented  by 
any  discretion)  conducted  the  rest  hitherto  so  as  they  are  in  fairer 
condition  than  when  they  came  forth,  and  are  everywhere  admired 
for  delicate  beasts. 

From  Lyons  to  Chambery  we  took  the  longer  way,  by  a  day's 
journey,  to  avoid  the  mountain  de  la  Gibillotta.  Our  reception  there 
was  full  of  circumstances  of  great  respect.  The  Marquis  de  Lanz 
met  us  some  three  or  four  miles  out  of  the  town,  with  about  three- 
score (horse,)  amongst  his  train  some  gentlemen  of  good  t(itle. 
He)  brought  me  to  his  castle  through  the  principal  (street),  where 
he  had  placed  all  along  the  ladies  in  windows,  and  in  the  chief  view 
his  own  Valentino,  (as  he  called  her),  of  whom  he  did  me  the  honour 
to  ask  my  opinion.  In  his  castle  he  lodged  all  the  gentlemen  of  my 
company,  and  disposed  the  rest  in  good  houses.  And  the  next  day 
after  dinner  he  conducted  me  in  a  coach  two  leagues  on  my  way  to 
Mormillian ;  the  same  horse  that  met  us  attending  us  out  of  the 
town.  At  this  fort  we  first  alighted,  though  seated  very  high  on 
a  rock,  where  Mons.  de  Lodes,  captain  of  the  place,  after  a  salutation 
of  all  the  small  and  great  artillery,  told  me  he  had  order  from  the 
Duke  to  show  me  more  than  had  been  opened  even  to  cardinals. 
And  so,  leading  us  about  (though  in  truth  with  concealment  (of  the) 
magazines,  which  perhaps  were  not  so  plentifully  provid(ed,  he 
en)ded  with  a  very  delicate  banquet  and  music  in  a  g(reat)  fur- 
nished room,  which  he  called  La  Camera  di  Sua  Alt(ezza).  After 
this,  I  was  brought  down  to  my  lodging  in  the  town  by  the  Marquis, 
and  there  feasted  that  night,  and  a  guard  of  muskets  and  harque- 
busiers  appointed  all  night  before  my  chamber,  with  sentinels  on 
the  stairs— nearer  pomp  than  necessity;  and  so,  having  the  next 
day  after  breakfast  accompanied  me  on  foot  some  quarter  of  a  mile 
which  could  not  well  be  riddeu,  we  then  parted. 

These  circumstances  (which  I  have  been  curious  to  set  down)  were 
much  magnified  by  the  greatness  of  the  Marquis,  his  birth  and 
present  authority,  and  somewhat  likewise  by  the  very  propriety  of 
his  nature.  By  birth  he  is  the  Duke's  sister's  son,1  and  his  brother 
is  the  Marquis  d'Este,  a  grandee  of  Spain.  His  title  and  present 
qualifications  are  these  :  Marc/tcse  di  Late,  capo  di  tutta  la  nobilitd 

1  Pilippo  d'Este,  March ese  di  Lans,  was  a  son  of  Maria,  natural  daughtol  of 
Kninianutlf  Filiberto,  Duke  of  Savoy. 


I,  anc 
I  am 
3  best 


6  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

Piemontese  et  Savoiarda,  Generate  della  Cavalleria  di  Sit  a  Altezza,  el  suo 
Vice-Buca  et  Governafore  Generate  nelli  stati  di  Savoia.  His  nature 
seemeth  strangely  composed,  for  though  he  be  so  popular,  that  in 
the  street  he  will  put  off  his  hat  to  the  meanest  artisans,  and  even  to 
beggars  (as  we  twice  noted),  yet  all  men  agree  that  he  is  otherwis 
not  very  cheap  of  his  person.  And  he  spared  not  himself  to  let  fal 
in  good  handsome  (terms  thus)  much  to  me,  that  he  had  never  met 
nor  gone  with  any  (ambassador)  out  of  the  town,  but  had  indeec 
received  charge  (from  the  D)uke  to  exceed  any  former  example 
Thus  his  Majesty  seeth  that,  for  his  sake,  his  humblest  anc 
unworthiest  servant  hath  had  an  honest  entrance  into  this  country 
upon  which  notwithstanding  (though  the  whole  fashion  hath  appearec 
very  real)  I  dare  conclude  nothing,  till  my  second  audience  with  th( 
Duke  himself.  For  being  sent  to  a  Prince  (who  is  Lerdo  nada  ]),  anc 
informed  already  (as  I  must  presume)  of  what  he  shall  expect, 
bound  to  leave  a  certain  latitude  of  believing  that  he  will  set  the 
value  that  may  be  upon  his  own  business  in  the  noise  of  the  world. 
Of  which  I  shall  inform  his  Majesty  better,  when  I  shall  arrive 
where  I  desire.  In  the  meantime  I  have  been  tedious  to  your  Lord- 
ship, and  in  truth  (to  myself,)  in  running  over  this  historical  part 
of  our  passa(ge  wi)th  nothing  but  visible  matter,  or  little  more. 
(In  my)  next  I  shall  endeavour,  according  to  my  poor  capacity,  to 
give  his  Majesty  an  accompt  of  the  more  substantial  part  of  my 
employment,  ever  praying  Almighty  God  to  bless  his  royal  person 
and  estates. 

Your  Lordship's  always  bound  to  honour  and  serve  you. 

203.    To  the  Earl  of  Pembroke. 

Ashm.  MS.  1729,  f.  114,  holograph.    Albertus  Morton  returning 
to  England. 

From  Turino,  this  28th  of  May,  1612. 
Style  of  the  place. 

Right  Honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

This  bearer  A(lbertus  Mort)on2  will,  by  your  favour,  ac(quaint 

1  So  in  the  MS.,  but  the  original  is  lost,  and  'no'  may  have  been  omitted 
in  the  transcript.  i  Lerda  nada'  means  in  Spanish  'a  dull  nothing',  which  is 
the  last  phrase  that  Wotton  would  have  applied  to  Charles  Emmanuel. 

2  On  June  11  Chamberlain  wrote  that  Albertus  Morton  had  newly  returned 
from  Turin.  (C.  &  T.  Jas.  I,  i,  p.  172.)  And  in  a  letter  of  June  17  he  adds  that 
Morton  *  had  a  thousand  crowns  given  him  by  the  Duke  at  his  coming  away  ; 
and  during  four  or  five  days  that  he  stayed  here,  he  spake  four  times  with  the 
Queen,  and  carried  a  jewel  from  her  to  his  uncle,  who  is  willed  to  make  all  the 
haste  he  can  homeward,  whereas  it  was  once  resolved  he  should  have  taken 
the  new  Emperor  in  his  way,  and  instructions  were  drawn  for  this  purpose, 
to  have  gone  and  congratulated  his  election'.     (Ibid.,  p.  177.) 


TO   THE    EARL   OF   PEMBROKE  7 

your  Lordship)  with  what  commissions  (I  have  charged  him.)  I  most 
humbly  beseech  (you  to  receive)  him  into  your  grace,  (for)  you 
(have  an)  undisseizable  right  in  him  two  ways,  first,  as  he  is  my 
nephew,  next,  as  he  is  an  honest  man. 

And  so  with  a  languishing  look  homewards,  even  among  these 
Infinite  honours  and  entertainments,  I  humbly  kiss  your  Lordship's 
hands,  and  commit  you  to  God's  blessed  love. 

(Your)  Lordship's  faithful  (serv)ant, 

(He)nry  Wotton. 

204.    To  Adam  Newton. 

Hurl.  MS.  7002,  f.  129,  holograph.  Wotton  writes  to  Prince  Henry's  secre- 
tary, Adam  Newton,  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  a  letter  from  the 
Prince.  This  note  is  undated,  but  endorsed  'Aug.  1612',  and  was 
probably  written  shortly  after  Wotton's  return  to  England  on 
July  27,  O.S. 

London,  this  Thursday,  towards  night  (August  1612). 

Sib, 

I  received  by  my  nephew  such  lines  from  his  Highness  as  have 
bound  me  for  ever,  not  only  to  his  own  grace  that  gave  them  life,  but 
even  to  that  hand  which  helped  him  ;  therefore,  besides  my  other 
obligations  to  yourself,  let  me  give  you  particular  thanks  for  this 
last,  and  promise  you  the  service  of  an  honest  man,  which  is  most 
indubitably 

This 

Henry  Wotton. 


205.    To  Sir  Julius  Caesar. 

hmad.  MS.  165,  f.  1(J0,  holograph.     No  date;  endorsed  '16  Sept.   1612'. 

Wotton  writes  to  the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  about  the  payments 

for  his  embassy  to  Turin. 

(Sept.  16,  1612) 
Eight  Honourable, 

I  humbly  present  unto  your  Honour  here  inclosed  my  accompts 
of  this  last  employment,  beseeching  of  you  two  favours.  The  one, 
that  my  diet  money  may  run  at  least  till  the  end  of  August,  although 
my  return  to  the  King  was,  as  I  remember,  on  the  9th  or  10th  of 
that  month :  for  so  the  late  Lord  Treasurer  at  my  coming  from 
Venice  gave  me  in  the  entire  month  ;  and  I  think  the  case  be  so 
familiar  in  others  that  I  shall  not  need  to  urge  mine  own  example. 
The  other  favour  that  I  beg  of  your  Honour  is  that  I  may  receive  my 
demands  out  of  that  sum  which  Signor  Filippo  Burlainachi  is  to  pay 
the  King  by  order  out  of  France  :  that  so  the  said  Burlainachi  (upon 


8  LETTERS    OF    WOTTON 

whose  credit  I  have  lived  abroad,  and  to  whom  I  owe  upon  the  poini 
of  1,000  pounds)  may  be  the  sooner  satisfied,  as  in  truth  his  honest 
kindnesses  require.  All  this  is  matter  of  favour  and  grace,  wherein 
I  am  much  emboldened  by  the  many  assurances  of  your  Honour's 
love  towards  me.  The  rest  of  my  reckonings  I  have  set  down— not 
at  large,  as  perhaps  some  do  in  the  like  case,  but  upon  the  truth  of 
my  conscience,  wherein  I  will  justify  that  both  it  hath  been  spent, 
and  hath  been  spent  necessarily ;  as  I  am  sure  will  appear  to  those 
that  shall  examine  the  way  I  have  gone  outwards,  and  in  return, 
and  the  impediments  I  have  had  on  the  way,  besides  the  extraordinary 
charge  that  the  very  quality  of  my  errand  required,  which  in  truth 
was  to  be  helped  with  show;  wherewith  princes  are  often  fed.  There- 
fore in  that  part  I  call  upon  your  Honour,  not  as  a  friend,  but  as 
a  judge. 

I  am  hindered  myself  at  the  present  from  waiting  upon  your 
Honour  personally,  and  therefore  I  have  been  bold  to  trouble  you 
with  these  lines  by  Mr.  Pey,  through  whose  hands  all  my  former 
accompts  and  pecuniary  businesses  have  passed  at  home.  I  will 
end  with  all  hearty  thanks  to  your  Honour,  for  your  great  good- 
nesses towards  me,  and  with  assurance  of  all  faithfulness  on  my  part, 
in  whatsoever  you  shall  command  me. 

Your  Honour's,  to  serve  you,  alia  reale, 

Henry  Wotton. 

206.     To  the  Viscount  Rochester. 

S.  P.  Dom.  Jas.  /,  lxxi,  no.  33,  holograph.     Wotton  asks  that  Sir  George 
Carew's  pension  may  be  conferred  on  him. 

(Nov.  14.  1(312,  O.S.) 

Right  Honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

In  this  City  of  Westminster  (where  I  have  a  poor  lodging) 
Sir  George  Carie,  Master  of  the  Wards,  died  the  last  night : 1  which 
hath  occasioned  me  to  take  this  presumption  of  writing  unto  your 
Lordship,  whose  noble  favour  I  humbly  beg  in  procuring  from  the 
King  the  continuance  of  that  annual  pension  of  200  pounds  unto  me, 
which  the  said  Sir  George  Carie  enjoyed  during  his  life. 

We  were  both  at  one  time  in  several  places  his  Majesty's  servants 
abroad ;  and  albeit  the  condition  of  Italie  (as  then  seeming  to  threaten 
some  great  and  good  alteration)  drew  on  my  time  there  to  double 
the  length  of  his  in  Fraunce,  yet  at  my  return  home  we  had  the  same 
pensions  allotted  us,  through  the  late  Lord  Treasurer's  representation 

1  Sir  George  Carew,  English  ambassador  in  France  1605-9,  died  on  Friday, 
Nov.  18.  (N.  P.  Dom.  Jas.  J,  lxxi,  n<>.  38.)  The  date  of  this  letter  is  therefore 
Nov.  14. 


TO   THE  VISCOUNT  ROCHESTER  9 

of  our  cases  to  our  good  master;  perhaps  with  some  disequity,  if  it 
may  become  me  to  charge  a  man  at  rest  so  far,  to  whom  otherwise 
for  his  professions  I  was  much  beholden.  Now  (my  Lord)  although 
I  know  that  the  bounties  of  kings  are  the  motions  of  their  own 
3,  and  do  not  ordinarily  pass  (to  use  the  law  phrase)  by  way  of 
Morue  from  one  fellow-servant  to  a  survivor;  yet  I  hope  that  his 
ty  (to  whom  my  devotion  began  before  my  subjection)  may  be 
pleased,  by  your  Lordship's  favourable  means,  to  extend  unto  me 
this  effect  of  his  mere  grace. 

And  to  your  Lordship  (by  whose  mediation  I  shall  gain  it)  I  can 
promise  no  more  than  a  perpetual  acknowledgement  of  you  for  my 
patron,  whom  I  beseech,  howsoever,  to  pardon  this  unseasonable 
boldness  in  a  time  of  so  public  grief.1  And  so  committing  your 
prosperity  to  God  I  humbly  rest, 

Your  Lordship's  to  do  you  faithful  service, 

Henry  Wotton. 

207.    To  Mark  Welser2. 
lieliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  400.    Wotton  defends  himself  against  Schoppius. 

Londino,  Nonis  Decembribus  Iulianis, 
Anno  unici  Mediatoris  nostri,  cioiocxii. 

Marco  Velsero,  Duumviro  Augustae  Vindeliciae,  Henricus 

wottonius  s.o. 
Privatim  antehac  ad  tealiquoties  scripsi ;  nunc  causa  est  utpublice 
quoque  id  faciam  :  haec,  qualis  sit,  quaeso  audias.     Prostabat  Franco- 
fur  ti  superioribus  Nundinis  opus  quoddam,  si  molem  spectes  (quod 
fere  sit)  non  sane  de  infimis,  cum  hac  inscriptione  ; 

Gasparis  Scioppli  Ecclesiasticus,  authoritati  Serenissimi  Domini 

Iacobi  Regis  oppositus. 

In  quo,  cum  argumento  magnam  partem  novo,  turn  exemplo 

nemini  adhuc  usitato,  et  caetera  quae  eandem  modestiam 

sapiunt. 

lluius  operis  consutor,  cum  farraginem  reruns  undecunque  emendi- 

caret,  videtur  nescio  quo  modo  incidere  in  iocosam  Legati  defini- 

tionem,  quam  iam  ante  octennium  istac  transiens  apud  amicum  virum 

1  The  death  of  Prince  Henry,  on  Nov.  6,  1612. 

2  Marc  Welser  or  Velserius  (1558-1614),  a  wealthy  and  learned  patrician 
of  Augsburg,  and  one  of  the  consuls  of  that  city.  Although  a  Catholic,  and 
;>  patron  of  the  Jesuits,  he  was  a  friend  of  Casaubon,  who  said  of  him,  4I1  est 
honnete  homme,  et  ne  maintiendra  les  jesuites  centre  un  homnie  docte.' 
(I'aftison,  p.  400.)  The  above  letter  was  published,  as  on  Dec.  17,  1612, 
Chamberlain  wrote  :  '  Sir  Harry  Wotton  hath  printed  a  sheet  of  paper  for  an 
apology  in  the  matter  objected  to  him  by  Schioppius,  and  dedicated  it  to  Welser 
of  Augusta.  I  have  been  promised  a  sight  of  it  once  or  twice,  but  cannot  yet 
light  upon  it.'  (S*.  P.  horn.,  lxxi,  no.  65.)  This  was  reprinted  in  the  first 
editiou  of  the  Udiquiae,  and  a  translation  added  in  the  third  edition.  A^  far 
a^  1  know,  no  copy  of  the  original  publication  has  been  preserved. 


10  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


Christophorum  Fleckamerum '  forte  posueram  in  Albo  Amicorum 
more  Teutonico  his  ipsis  verbis ;  '  Legatus  est  vir  bonus,  peregre 
missus  ad  mentiendum  Reipublicae  eaussa.'2  Definitio  adeo  fortasse 
catholica,  ut  complecti  possit  etiam  Legatos  a  latere.  Quid  hie, 
obsecro,  facit  Scioppius?  Reserat  familiaritatis  scrinia,  resuscitat, 
post  tot  annos,  obsoletos  sales,  iam  ipsa  vetustate  ab  inquietudine 
redemptos  ;  ornat  me,  pro  humanitate  sua,  clementissima  interpreta- 
tione,  tanquam  id  non  solum  serio  sed  et  iactanter  scripsissem  ; 
neque  hoc  contentus,  conatur  quoque  intemeratum  optimi  Regis 
nomen  per  iocos  meos  in  invidiam  trahere,  quasi  Domini  praestare 
tenerentur  etiam  servorum  lusus  ;  postremo  ad  honestandam  petu- 
lantiam  suam  locum  unum  atque  alterum  ex  Esaia  et  Solomone 
lepide  intermiscet,3  ut  nihil  est  tutum  a  profanis  ingeniis.  Haec  in 
me  fateor  cecidisse  miro  seculo.  Quis  enim  putarat  nasciturum 
hominem  impatientem  brevis  ioci  super  Legatorum  licentia  qui 
tantum  politica  agitant,  ubi  indies  videmus  ipsam  Sacrosanctae 
Theologiae  severitatem  a  quibusdam  aequivocationum,  mentalium 
reservationum,  et  piarum  fraudum  magistris  tain  foede  constupratam  ? 
neque  hoc  obiter,  aut  iocose,  ant  in  Albis  Amicorum,  ubi  vana 
veraque  pari  securitate  tarn  scribi  quam  depingi  solent,  sed  ex  pro- 
fesso,  et  de  suggestu,  et  cum  privilegio  et  authoritate  Superiorum. 
Verum  Scioppius  est  qui  sui*rexit.  Et  quid  expectet  me  responsurum  ? 
Sane  memini  familiam  meam  cum  Venetiis  essem  anathemate  per- 
cussam  in  Paraenesi  Baroniana.4  Memini  turn  etiam  a  Gomitulo 
Iesuita  Perusino,5  et  ab  Antonio  Possevino0  eiusdem  farinae 
quaedam  in  me  iacta  ;  quae  quanquam  ab  exulceratis  animis  effluerent 
utcunque  tacitus  ferebam,  quippe  hi  erant  viri  non  indignae  existi- 
mationis  saltern  apud  suos,  et  ipsorum  authorum  qualiscunque 
claritudo  leniebat  iniuriam.  Sed  cum  famelicus  transfuga  et  Romanae 
curiae  lutulentus  circulator  scriptitat  solum  ut  prandere  possit ;  cum 
semicoctus  grammaticaster,  et  nulla  antehac  solidiore  disciplina 
tinctus,  ecclesiastica  tractat ;    cum  vespillonis  et  castrensis  scorti 7 

1  Probably  Flechammer,  and  a  relative  of  the  Flechaminer  of  Augsburg, 
mentioned  in  Wotton's  letter  No.  338. 

2  There  are  several  references,  in  contemporary  literature,  to  this  famous 
definition  of  an  ambassador,  e.  g.  the  phrase  'liegers  that  lie  out'  in  Ben  Jonson's 
Staple  of  News,  i.  2  ;  Ruggle's  Ignoramus  (ed.  Hawkins,  p.  32),  and  Massinger's 
Renegado,  i.  1.  3  Ante,  i,  pp.  126,  127. 

4  Paraenesis  ad  Bemp.  Venetam,  1606,  p.  49.  '  Anglicano  conventu  qui  apud  vos 
est.' 

5  Con/utatione  del  Libro  de'  Sette  Teologi  contra  V  interdetto  Apostolico,  composta  dal 
Revd0  P.  Paolo  Comitolo  Perugino  (Bologna,  1607).  On  Dec.  13,  1606,  Wotton 
showed  this  book  to  the  Doge,  declaring  that  it  was  really  by  Possevin.  (Cat.  S.  P. 
Few.,  x,  p.  442.) 

6  Possevino,  ante,  i,  p.  345. 

7  'Lege  vulgata  de  vita  et  parent ibus  Sck>p})ii,  p.  127  '  (note  in  margin).  This  book 
was  published  at  Leyden,  1609. 


TO   MARK    WELSEK  11 

ipuma  ineverenter  in  regem  debacchatur,  cuius  eximia  in  divinis 
bumanisque  sapientia  et  constans  iusti  tenor  cuicunque  vel  privato 
ranerationem  conciliaret ;  cum  homo  Germanus  exuta  patria  probitate 
tt  modestia  nihil  aliud  per  totum  opus  quam  eversionem  regum 
regnorumque  spirat ;  cum  denique  idem  os  quod  Iesuiticam  socie- 
tatem  '  '  parricidalem  cohortem  '  vocaverat,  nunc  postquam  culinas 
Komae  olere  coepit,  eandem  'Praetoriam2  Castrorum  Dei  cohortem' 
rocat,  quis  iniquae  tain  patiens  urbis  (quae  istud  animal  pabulatur) 
tain  ferreus  ut  teneat  se  ? 8  Igitur,  semota  omni  festivitate,  te  serio, 
te  ex  animo  (ornatissime  Velsere)  in  hac  epistola  convenio:  orans, 
obtestansque  per  commune  humanjtatis  vinculum,  per  eiusdem 
Baptismi,  eiusdem  symboli  conscientiam,  ipse  velis  (pro  authoritate 
qua  to  scio  valere  apud  tuos)  istos  Scioppios  compescere  ;  ut  eiectis 
e  coetu  Christiano  similibus  hominum  propudiis,  caussarumque  sane 
vel  optimarum  dehonestamentis,  sua  bonis  viris  existimatio,  sua 
principibus  dignitas  maneat :  non  vexentur  nundinae  prostitutis  para- 
sitorum  calamis ;  non  typi  (nobile  Germanorum  inventum)  adeo 
misere  torqueantur  ;  sequatur  denique  quantum  infirmitas  nostra  ferat, 
ilia  regnorum  ecclesiarumque  requies,  quam  nobis  commendavit 
supremus  pacis  praeceptor  simul  et  exemplum.  Quod  si  impudentem 
illam  dicacitatem  (quam  ab  infami  ortu  fxaXa  ava\6yu><s  traxit)  non 
deponere  poterit  sine  magno  ventriculi  incommodo ;  saltern  dignus 
est  certe  cui  curtetur  esca  ob  execrandam  argutiam,  qua  sibi  videtur 
vel  ipsis  Tridentinis  patribus  oculatior.  Illi  Traditiones  et  Scripturam 
Sacram  pari  tantum  pietatis  affectu  et  reverentia  suscipiendas 4  primi 
omnium  (quod  ego  sciam)  decrevere.  At  iste  novus  ecclesiasticus  non 
in  Albo  Amicorum,  sed  pulcherrimi  syntagmatis  sui 5  p.  485,  maio- 
rem  traditi  quam  scripti  verbi  Divini  authoritatem  blasphemo  et 
pudendo  ore  pronunciat.  Possem  sexcentas  id  genus  Scioppietates 
proferre,  sed  hoc  esset  ruspari  sterquilinium.  Yale  igitur  (vir  nobi- 
lissime)  atque  iterum  salve. 

208.    To  Sir  Arthur  Throckmorton. 

h  li<i  ,  1st  ed.,  p.  473,  no  date.  Dated  '  Feb.  1613  '  in  3rd  ed.,  p.  278.   Wotton 
invites  Sir  Arthur  Throckmorton  and  his  family  to  London  for  the 

marriage  of  the  Princess  Elizabeth, 

(London),  Feb.,  1613. 
Sir, 

One  reason  of  my  writing  now  unto  you,  is  because  it  seemeth 
a  great  while  unto  me  since  I  did  so.     Another,  to  give  you  many 

1  'Ibidem,  p.  132'  (note  in  margin). 

,J  l  Ecclesiasticus  Scioppii,  i>.  871 '  (note  in  margin). 

::  Juvenal,  Sat.  i.  31. 

4  '8.  April,  Scss.  4'  (note  in  margin  . 

•"'  G.  Soioppii  Syntagmata  it  thtiht  Adorationii  d  Uonom. 


12  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


thanks  (which  upon  the  casting  up  of  my  reckonings,  I  find  I  have 
not  yet  done)  for  that  gelding  wherewith  you  so  much  honoured 
me,  which,  in  truth,  either  for  goodness  or  beauty,  runneth  for  one 
of  the  very  best  about  this  place ;  and  I  have  had  a  great  deal  of 
love  made  unto  me  for  him  by  no  small  ones.  After  this,  I  must 
plainly  tell  you,  that  I  mean  to  persuade  you,  I  am  sorry  I  cannot 
say  to  invite  you  (for  my  mind  would  bear  that  word  better  than 
my  fortune),  to  bestow  yourself  and  your  whole  family  upon  us  this 
Shrovetide,  if  it  be  but  for  three  days,  at  the  conjunction  of  the 
lliames  and  the  Rhene,1  as  our  ravished  spirits  begin  to  call  it. 
The  occasion  is  rare,  the  expense  of  time  but  little,  of  money 
inconsiderable:  you  shall  see  divers  princes,  a  great  confluence  of 
strangers,  sundry  entertainments  to  shorten  your  patience  and  to 
reward  your  travel ;  finally,  nothing  spared,  even  in  a  necessitous 
time.  I  will  add  unto  these  arguments,  that  out  of  your  own  store 
at  home,  you  may  much  increase  the  beauty  of  this  assembly ;  and 
your  daughters  shall  not  need  to  provide  any  great  splendour  of 
clothing,  because  they  can  supply  that  with  a  better  contribution, 
as  hath  been  well  authenticated  even  by  the  King's  own  testimony  of 
them.  For  though  I  am  no  longer  an  ambassador,  yet  am  I  not  so 
bankrupt  of  intelligence,  but  that  I  have  heard  of  those  rural  passages. 

Now  let  me,  therefore,  with  this  hobbling  pen,  again  and  again 
pray  you  to  resolve  upon  your  coming,  if  not  with  all  the  fair  train, 
yet  yourself  and  my  Lady,  and  my  nephew  and  his  wife,  or  at  the 
least  of  leasts,  the  masculine. 

We  begin  to  lay  off  our  mourning  habits,  and  the  Court  will 
shortly,  I  think,  be  as  merry  as  if  it  were  not  sick.  The  King  will 
be  here  to-morrow :  the  Friday  following  he  goeth  to  Windsor,  with 
the  Count  Palatine,  about  the  ceremony  of  his  instalment.  In  the 
meantime,  there  is  expected  the  Count  Henry  of  Nassaw  '-,  to  be  at 
the  said  solemnity,  as  the  representant  of  his  brother.  Yester- 
night the  Count  Palatine  invited  all  the  Council  to  a  solemn  supper, 
which  was  well  ordered :  he  is  a  gentleman  of  very  sweet  hope,  and 
hath  rather  gained  upon  us,  than  lost  anything  after  the  first 
impression.  And  so,  sir,  having  ended  my  paper,  I  will  end  my 
letter  with  my  hearty  prayers  for  the  prosperity  of  yourself  and 
yours,  ever  resting, 

Your  faithful  poor  friend  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

1  On  Feb.  14  the  Princess  Elizabeth  was  married  to  Frederick  V,  Elector 
Palatine,  or  the  Count  Palatine  of  the  Rhine,  as  he  was  called.  The  Marriage  of 
the  Thames  and  the  Rhine  was  the  title  of  the  masque  devised  by  Sir  Francis  Bacon 
for  the  Inner  Temple  and  Gray's  Inn. 

-  Frederick  Henry,  afterwards  Prince  of  Orange,  1025-47. 


TO   SIR  EDMUND    BACON  13 


209.    To  Sib  Edmund  Bacon. 

to  />.,  p.  153,  undated.    Dated  *  1612-13  '  in  Reliquiat .  3rd  ed.,  p.  401 
(for  exact  date  see  note  1).     News  of  the  Court  and  London. 

<Feb.  23,  1613,  O.S.) 

Sir, 

I  must  now  acknowledge  it  true  which  our  navigators  tell  us,  that 
fchere  he  indeed  certain  variations  of  the  compass:  for  I  think  there 
was  never  point  of  a  needle  better  touched  than  you  have  touched  me, 
having  ever  since  I  parted  from  you  been  looking  towards  you,  and 
yet  still  by  something  or  another,  I  am  put  out  of  my  course. 
I  will  therefore  hereafter  not  promise  you  any  more  to  come  unto 
you,  but  I  will  promise  myself  it ;  because,  indeed,  I  have  no  other 
means  to  be  at  peace  with  myself:  for  I  must  lay  this  heavy  note 
upon  your  conversation,  that  I  am  the  unquieter  for  it  a  good 
while  after. 

This  is  the  first  part  of  what  I  meant  to  say.  After  which  I  would 
fain  tell  you,  that  I  send  this  footman  expressly  unto  you  to  redeem 
some  part  of  my  fault,  for  not  answering  your  late  kind  letter  by 
the  messenger  that  brought  it :  but  the  truth  is,  I  had  some  special 
occasion  to  send  to  Berry :  and  therefore  I  will  set  no  more  upon 
your  account,  than  his  steps  from  thence  to  Eedgrave,  where 
perhaps  you  now  are.  See  what  a  real  courtier  I  am,  and  whether 
I  be  likely  to  prosper.  Well,  howsoever,  let  me  entertain  you 
a  little  by  this  opportunity,  with  some  of  our  discourses.  The 
King  departed  yesterday J  from  hence  towards  you ;  having  as  yet, 
notwithstanding  much  voice,  and  some  wagering  on  the  other  side, 
determined  nothing  of  the  vacant  places.2  Whereupon  the  Court 
is  now  divided  into  two  opinions ;  the  one,  that  all  is  reserved  for 
the  greater  honour  of  the  marriage ;  the  other,  that  nothing  will 
be  done  till  a  Parliament,  or  (to  speak  more  precisely)  till  after 
a  Parliament:  which  latter  conceit,  though  it  be  spread  without 
either  author  or  ground,  yet  as  many  things  else  of  no  more  validity, 
it  hath  gotten  faith  enough  on  a  sudden.  I  will  leave  this  to  the 
judicial  astrologers  of  the  Court,  and  tell  you  a  tale  about  a  subject 
somewhat  nearer  my  capacity. 

On  Sunday  last  at  night,  and  no  longer,  some  sixteen  apprentices 
(of  what  sort  you  shall  guess  by  the  rest  of  the  story)  having  secretly 
learnt  a  new  play  without  book,  intituled  The  Hog  hath  lost  his 
Pearl*  took   up  the  White-Fryers  for  their   theatre :   and   having 

1  Feb.  22  {Nichols,  ii,  p.  601).     The  date  of  this  letter  is  therefore  Feb.  8& 

2  The  places  of  Lord  Treasurer  and  Secretary,  vacant  owing  to  the  death  of 
Salisbury. 

3  By  Robert  Tailor.     See  D.  X.  B.,  and  Fleny's  Chronicle  History,  p.  251. 


14  LETTERS    OF   WOTTON 

invited  thither  (as  it  should  seem)  rather  their  mistresses  than  thei 
masters  ;  who  were  all  to  enter  per  bullettini  for  a  note  of  distinction 
from  ordinary  comedians.  Towards  the  end  of  the  play  the  sheriffs 
(who  by  chance  had  heard  of  it)  came  in  (as  they  say)  and  carried 
some  six  or  seven  of  them  to  perform  the  last  act  at  Bridewel ;  the 
rest  are  fled.  Now  it  is  strange  to  hear  how  sharp-witted  the  City 
is,  for  they  will  needs  have  Sir  John  Swinerton  \  the  Lord  Mayor,  be 
meant  by  the  Hog,  and  the  late  Lord  Treasurer  by  the  Pearl.  And 
now  let  me  bid  you  good  night,  from  my  chamber  in  King  Street, 
this  Tuesday,  at  eleven  of  the  night. 

Your  faithfullest  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Francesco 2  hath  made  a  proof  of  that  green  which  you  sent  me  ; 
against  which  he  taketh  this  exception,  that  being  tried  upon  glass 
(which  he  esteemeth  the  best  of  trials)  it  is  not  translucent ;  arguing 
(as  he  saith)  too  much  density  of  the  matter,  and  consequently,  less 
quickness  and  spirit  than  in  colours  of  more  tenuity. 

210.    To  Sir  Dudley  Carleton. 

&  P.  Bom.  Ja*.  I,  lxxii,  no.  43,  holograph.     Wotton  in  retirement. 
From  King  St.,  this  25  of  Feb.,  1612<3>. 
My  very  good  Lord, 

When  this  gentleman,  your  Secretary3,  shall  arrive  there,  you 
have  then  with  you  a  living  gazzctta  of  this  Court ;  where  he  hath 
been  retained  so  long  that  he  can  now  bring  your  Lordship  an 
accompt  both  of  our  griefs  and  our  jollities4;  which,  indeed,  have 
so  contempered  each  other,  that  we  have  been  extreme  in  neither. 
For  myself,  if  he  chance  to  speak  of  me  (as  in  the  catalogue  of  your 
affectionate,  though  unprofitable,  friends  I  may  justly  claim  a  room), 
then  I  hope  he  will  tell  your  Lordship  that  I  am  here  in  Westminster 
with  a  few  books  about  me,  more  attending  the  study  of  truth  than 
of  humour,  contented,  I  thank  God,  with  mine  own  poor  thoughts, 
and  vichiae  nesciu$  urbis 5 ;  unto  which  course,  if  nature  had  not 
inclined  me,  I  think  fortune  would  have  done  it,  having  lost  this 
fatal  year  two  great  patrons/  But  let  me  cease  these  lamentations  ; 
for  though  there  be  no  place  so  proper  to  discharge  them  into  as  the 
bosom  of  a  virtuous  friend,  yet  I  am  loath  to  appear  unto  your 

1  Sir  John  Swinnerton,  knighted  1603,  Lord  Mayor  1612.     (Nichols,  i,  p.  113.) 

2  Sir  Francis  Bacon  (?). 

3  Isaac  Wake,  who  succeeded  Wotton  as  ambassador  at  Venice  in  1624. 

4  The  death  of  Prince  Henry,  and  the  marriage  of  the  Princess  Elizabeth. 

5  Claudian,  Carm.  Min.  xx.  9. 

6  Prince  Henry  and  Lord  Salisbury. 


TO  SIB    DUDLEY   CARLETON  15 

Lordship  so  vain  as  to  remember  mine  own  particular  in  the  midst 
of  such  public  losses.  Quid  superest?  In  truth,  my  Lord,  only  this, 
that  we  learn  hereafter  to  plant  ourselves  better  than  upon  the  grace 
or  breath  of  men.  And  so  giving  your  Lordship  many  thanks,  and 
ever  resting  much  beholden  unto  you  for  the  care  it  pleased  you 
to  take  about  those  pictures,  which  I  have  received  by  your  means 
in  very  good  condition,  I  commit  you  and  your  whole  family  to 
God's  continual  blessing. 

Your  Lordship's  faithful  poor  friend  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

To  my  good  Lady  your  Wife. 

Good  Madame,  Receive  in  this  little  room  my  hearty  remembrance 
of  your  kindnesses,  and  my  continuing  desire  to  serve  you. 

Henry  Wotton. 

211.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

iflftere  to  13.,  p.  114  ;  Tieliq.,  3rd  edM  p.  403.  '  Cambridge,  Sunday,  at  night,' 
for  date  see  note  2  on  p.  16.  News  from  Venice  of  war  between  the 
Turks  and  the  Emperor. 

(Cambridge,  March  21,  1613,  O.S.) 

Sir, 

To  divert  you  from  thinking  on  my  faults,  I  will  entertain  you 
with  some  news  out  of  a  letter  which  I  have  here  received  from 
Venice,  of  much  consequence  divers  ways. 

The  Bishop  of  Bamberge1,  a  practical  Almayn  prelate  (of  which 
kind  there  be  enough  of  that  coat,  though  not  in  that  country),  was 
treating  in  Rome  a  league  against  the  Protestant  princes  of  Germany, 
with  whom  his  Majesty  (you  know)  was  first  by  articles,  and  is  now 
by  alliance  more  nearly  confederate : 2  his  commission  he  had  from 
the  Emperor,  sotto  parole  tacite  as  they  call  it.  Now,  while  this 
matter  was  there  moulding,  a  Chiaus  arrives  at  the  Emperor's  Court, 
with  a  letter  from  the  Turk,  importing  a  denunciation  of  war, 
grounded  upon  a  heap  of  complaints  easily  found  out  between 
princes  that  do  not  intend  to  agree.  And  accordingly  the  Turk 
is  departed  in  person  from  Constantinople  into  Hungarie,  with  great 
forces  (as  my  friend  writeth),  on  a  morning  quando  nevicava  a  furia 
(by  which  appeareth  the  sharpness  of  the  humour),  having  made 
a  levy  before  his  going  of  5,000  youths  out  of  the  Seragli ;  a  thing 
never  seen  before.     He  hath  left  behind  him  Nasuf  Bassa  as  president 

1  Joann.  Gottfried  von  Aschhausen,  Bishop  of  Bamberg  from  1609  to  1622. 
'2  Wotton  refers  to  the  treaty  of  alliance  between  James  I  and  the  Protestant 
Union  (March  28,  1612)  and  the  marriage  of  the  Princess  Elizabeth. 


16  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

of  his  affairs,  who  told  the  Baiolo  of  Venice ',  there  resident,  that  his 
master  was  but  gone  to  hunt,  and  seemeth  to  have  held  the  same 
language  with  the  other  ambassadors  :  whether  out  of  mere  wanton- 
ness of  conceit,  or  as  esteeming  a  war  with  Christians  but  a  sport, 
in  respect  of  that  which  he  had  newly  concluded  with  the  Persian, 
I  know  not.  Howsoever,  this  is  likely  to  quash  the  Bishop's  business, 
and  I  fear  it  will  fall  heavy  upon  Germany;  which,  first  in  itself 
was  never  more  disunited,  and  besides,  the  Emperor  in  small  good- 
will with  those  that  should  help  him.  It  will  likewise  in  my 
conjecture  hasten  the  departure  of  the  Count  Palatine,  or  at  least 
(if  it  so  please  him)  it  may  well  serve  his  turn  for  that  purpose. 

This  is  all  that  I  have  for  your  entertainment.  To-morrow 
morning  I  depart  hence  towards  London 2,  whence  I  determine  to 
write  by  every  carrier  to  you,  till  I  bring  myself. 

In  your  last,  you  mentioned  a  certain  courtier  that  seemeth  to 
have  spoken  somewhat  harshly  of  me.  I  have  a  guess  at  the  man ; 
and  though  for  him  to  speak  of  such  as  I  am,  in  any  kind  whatsoever, 
was  a  favour,  yet  I  wonder  how  I  am  fallen  out  of  his  estimation, 
for  it  is  not  long  since  he  offered  me  a  fair  match  within  his  own 
tribe,  and  much  addition  to  her  fortune  out  of  his  private  bounty. 
When  we  meet,  all  the  world  to  nothing  we  shall  laugh  ;  and  in 
truth,  sir,  this  world  is  worthy  of  nothing  else.  In  the  meantime, 
and  ever,  our  sweet  Saviour  keep  us  in  his  love. 

Your  poor  faithful  friend  and  servant, 

H.  Wottox. 

212.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  5  ;  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  405.     The  Accession  Day  festivities  ; 
Court  and  foreign  news. 

(London),  March  the  last,  1613. 
Sir, 

I  returned  from  Cambridge  to  London  some  two  hours  after  the 

King.     The  next  day  was  celebrated  with  twenty  tilters,  wherein 

there  entered   four  fraternities :    the  Earls   Pembrock s  and   Mon- 

gommery 4 ;    my  Lord  Walden  B,  Thomas fi  and  Henry  Hawards " ; 

1  Christofero  Valier. 

2  Wotton  arrived  in  London  the  day  before  the  tilting  described  in  the  next 
letter.  The  tilting  was  on  Wednesday,  24th,  the  King's  Accession  Day.  (Nichols, 
ii,  p.  609.)    The  date  of  this  letter  is 'therefore  March  21. 

3  William  Herbert  (1580-1630),  third  Earl  of  Pembroke  (ante,  ii,  p.  3). 

4  Philip  Herbert  (1584-1650),  first  Earl  of  Montgomery,  fourth'  Earl  of 
Pembroke.     (N.^E.  J.) 

5  Theophilus  Howard  (1584-1640),  second  Baron  Howard  de  Walden,  second 
Earl  of  Suffolk  1626.     {Ibid.) 

6  Sir  Thomas  Howard,  second  brother  of  above,  created  Lord  Howard  of 
Charlton  1622,  and  Earl  of  Berkshire  1626. 

7  Henry  Howard,  third  brother. 


TO  SIB    EDMUND   BACON  17 

the  two  Kiches1,  und  the  two  Alexanders2,  as  tlioy  are  railed  (though 
falsely,  like  many  things  else  in  Court).  The  rest  were  Lenox  , 
Arundel4,  Rutland5,  Dorcet",  Shandowes7,  North",  Hey',  Dingwel '", 
Clifford  ",  Sir  Thomas  Sommerset l-,  and  Sir  John  Harrington  l\  The 
day  fell  out  wet  to  the  disgrace  of  many  fine  plumes.  Some 
caparisons  seen  before  adventured  to  appear  again  on  the  stage 
with  a  little  disguisement,  even  on  the  back  of  one  of  the  most 
curious.  So  frugal  are  the  times,  or  so  indigent.  The  two  Kiches 
only  made  a  speech  to  the  King  ;  the  rest  were  contented  with  bare 
S€,  whereof  some  were  so  dark,  that  their  meaning  is  not  yet 
understood,  unless  perchance  that  were  their  meaning,  not  to  be 
understood.  The  two  best,  to  my  fancy,  were  those  of  the  two 
Kails  brothers  :  the  first  a  small  exceeding  white  pearl,  and  the 
words.  Solo  candore  raleo.  The  other  a  sun  casting  a  glance  on  the 
side  of  a  pillar,  and  the  beams  reflecting,  with  this  motto,  Splcndcntc 
refulgct.  In  which  devices  there  seemed  an  agreement ;  the  elder 
brother,  to  allude  to  his  own  nature,  and  the  younger  to  his  fortune. 
The  day  was  signalized  with  no  extraordinary  accident,  save  only 
between  Sir  Thomas  Haward  and  Sir  Thomas  Sommerset,  who 
with  a  counter-buff  had  almost  set  himself  out  of  the  saddle,  and 
made  the  other's  horse  sink  under  him ;  but  they  both  came  fairly 
off  without  any  further  disgrace.  Of  the  merits  of  the  rest  I  will 
say  nothing,  my  pen  being  very  unfit  to  speak  of  lances. 

To  this  solemnity,  of  the  public  ambassadors,  only  the  Arch- 
dukes' was  invited,  for  the  healing  of  the  distaste  he  had  taken 
for  the  preference  of  the  Venetian  at  the  marriage.14  But  I  doubt 
the  plaster  be  too  narrow  for  the  sore  ;  which  he  seemed  not  much 

1  Sir  Robert  Rich  {ante,  i,  p.  2),  and  his  brother,  Sir  Henry  Rich  (1590-1649;, 
first  Earl  of  Holland  in  1624.     (D.  X.B.) 

-  Sir  Robert  Alexander,  knighted  1603,  and  his  brother  Sir  Sigismund 
Alexander.     {Nichols,  i,  pp.  189,  210.) 

3  Ludovick  Stuart,  second  Duke  of  Lennox  (1574-1624).     (D.  X  B.) 

I  Thomas  Howard  (1586-1646),  second  Earl  of  Arundel  and  Surrey.    (Ibid.) 

5  Francis  Manners  (1578-1632),  sixth  Earl  of  Rutland.  (Ibid.)  It  has 
r.««  ntly  been  discovered  that  the  Earl  of  Rutland's  impresa  for  this  occasion 
was  designed  by  Shakespeare,  and  painted  by  Burbage.  (See  Mr.  Sidney  Lee 
in  Times,  Dec.  27,  1905.) 

G  Richard  Sackville  (1590-1624),  third  Earl  of  Dorset.     (D.  N.  B.) 
7  Grey  Brydges  (1579?-1621),  fifth  Baron  Chandos.     (Ibid.) 
s   Dudley  North  (1681-1666),  third  Baron  North.     (Ibid.) 
■  James  Lord  Hay  (d.  1636),  Earl  of  Carlisle  1622.    (Ibid.) 
10  Sir  Robert  Preston,  Lord  Dingwall. 

1 1  enry  Lord  Clifford  (1591-1643%  fifth  Earl  of  Cumberland  in  1641.    (Ibid.  | 
Thomas   Somerset,   third   son    of  Edward,   fourth   Earl   of  Worcester, 
knighted   1605,  created  Viscount  Somerset  1626.     (Nichols,  i,  p.  478 n.) 
Sir  John  Harington  (1592    1614),  second  Baron  Harington  of  Exton. 

II  Their  was  a  quarrel  for  precedence  between  tlie  Venetian  and  the  Arch- 
dukes' ambassador;  the  Venetian  was  invited  to  the  wedding  feast  of  tli- 
Plinccss  Elizabeth,  and  the  Archdukes'  ambassador  for  the  tourney  on  the 
following  day. 


IB  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

discontented  that  men  should  note  in  his  whole  countenance  tha 
day.  Towards  the  evening  a  challenge  passed  between  Archy 1  am  I 
a  famous  knight,  called  Sir  Thomas  Parsons,  the  one  a  tool  ■ 
election,  and  the  other  by  necessity,  which  was  accordingly  per 
formed  some  two  or  three  days  after  at  tilt,  tourney,  and  on  foot 
both  completely  armed,  and  solemnly  brought  in  before  thei 1 
Majesties,  and  almost  as  many  other  meaner  eyes  as  were  at  tin 
former;  which  bred  much  sport  for  the  present,  and  afterwards 
upon  cooler  consideration,  much  censure  and  discourse,  as  tin 
manner  is. 

The  departure  of  the  Count  Palatine  and  my  Lady  Elizabeth  I 
put  off  from  the  Thursday  in  the   Easter-week    till  the  Tuesda) 
following,  which  day  I  think  will  hold.     The  commissioners  tha- 
accompany   her    have    the    titles    of   ambassadors,    to    give    then 
precedency  before  Sir  Ralph  Winwood  at  the  Hague,  and  likewise 
in  any  encounters  with  Almaigne  princes.     Sir  Edward  Cecil2  goetl 
as  treasurer,   to  keep  up  that   office  in  the  name ;    though  it  b* 
otherwise  perhaps  from  a   general,   rather  a  fall   than    an  ascent 
Before  this  journey  there  is  a  conceit  that  the'  Duke  of  Lenox  wiL 
be  naturalized  a  peer  of  our  Parliament,  and  my  Lord  of  Rochestei 
be  created  Earl  of  Devonshire.    The  foreign  matter  is  little  increased 
since  my  last  unto  you  from  Cambridge.     The  Savoy  ambassadoi 
not    yet    arrived.      The    Turks'    designs    hitherto    unknown,    am 
marching  slowly,  according  to  the  nature  of  huge  armies :!,  in  whit 
suspense  the  Venetians  have  augmented  their  guard  in  the  Guli 
enough  to  confirm  unto  the  world  that  states  must  be  conserve< 
even  with  ridiculous  fears.      This  is  all  that  the  week  yieldetl 
My  Lord  and  Lady  have  received  those  letters  and  loving  salutatioi 
which  my  footman  brought.     And  so  with  mine  own  hearty  praye 
to  God  for  you,  and  for  that  most  good  niece,  I  commit  you  both 
His  blessing  and  love. 

Your  faithfullest  of  unprofitable  friends, 

Henry  Wotton. 

I  pray,  Sir,  remember  me  very  particularly  to  my  cousin  Nicholas 
your  worthy  brother  ;  for  whose  health  our  good  God  be  thanked. 

Sir   James   Cromer5   is   this   week   dead   of  an   apostem   in  hi 
stomach,  and  in  him  the  name ;  unless  his  Lady  (as  she  seemeth 

1  Archy  Armstrong  (d.  1672),  the  King's  jester.     (D.  X.  B.) 

2  Sir  Edward  Cecil  (1572-1638),  son  of  first  Earl  of  Exeter,  created  Viscount 
Wimbledon  1626.     {D.  N.  B.) 

18  This  expedition  turned  out  to  be  merely  a  hunting  expedition  toward* 
Alrianople. 
*  Afterwards  Sir  Nicholas  Bacon,  Bart.,  of  Gillingbam. 
5  Sir  James  Cromer,  of  Kent,  knighted  May  11,  160o.     {Metcalfe,  p.  141. 


TO   SIB    EDMUND   BACON  ID 

o  have  intention)  shall  revive  it  wilh  matching  one  ot  her  lour 
laughters  with  a  Cromer  of  obscure  fortune,  which  they  .say  is 
latent   in  your  while. 

213.    To  Sin  Edmund  Bacon. 

>o  J>.,  p.  16U  :  Ji'eliq.,  Did  ed.,  p.  40*.    Arrest  of  Sir  Thomas  Overbury. 

From  my  chamber,  this  Thursday, 
St.  I  reorge  his  Eve, 
(April  22,)  1618. 

Sik, 

The  last  week,  by  reason  of  my  being  in  Kent,  was  a  week  of 
silence  ;  and  this  I  think  will  appear  unto  you  a  week  of  wonder. 

The  Court  was  full  of  discourse  and  expectation  that  the  King, 
being  now  disencumbered  of  the  care  of  his  daughter,  would 
towards  this  Feast  of  St.  George  fill  up  either  all,  or  some  at  least 
of  those  places  that  had  lain  vacant  so  long,  and  had  been  in  this 
time  of  their  emptiness  a  subject  of  notorious  opposition  between 
our  great  Viscount '  and  the  house  of  Suffolk.  Thus,  I  say,  ran  the 
opinion ;  when  yesterday,  about  six  of  the  clock  at  evening, 
Sir  Thomas  Overbury  was  from  the  council  chamber  conveyed  by 
a  clerk  of  the  Council  and  two  of  the  guard  to  the  Tower,  and  there 
by  warrant  consigned  to  the  lieutenant  as  close  prisoner ;  which 
both  by  the  suddenness,  like  a  stroke  of  thunder,  and  more  by  the 
quality  and  relation  of  the  person,  breeding  in  the  beholders 
(whereof  by  chance  I  was  one)  very  much  amazement,  and  being 
likely  in  some  proportion  to  breed  the  like  in  the  hearers,  I  will 
adventure,  for  the  satisfying  of  your  thoughts  about  it,  to  set  down 
the  forerunning  and  leading  causes  of  this  accident,  as  far  as  in  so 
short  a  time  I  have  been  able  to  wade  in  so  deep  a  water.  It  is 
conceived  that  the  King  hath  a  good  while  been  much  distasted 
with  the  said  gentleman,  even  in  his  own  nature,  for  too  stiff 
a  carriage  of  his  fortune ;  besides  that  scandalous  offence  of  the 
Queen  at  Greenwich,2  which  was  never  but  a  palliated  cure.  Upon 
which  considerations,  his  Majesty  resolving  to  sever  him  from 
my  Lord  of  Kochester,  and  to  do  it  not  disgracefully  or  violently, 
but  in  some  honourable  fashion,  he  commanded  not  long  since  the 
Archbishop,  by  way  of  familiar  discourse,  to  propound  unto  him 
the  ambassage  of  France,  or  of  the  Archdukes'  Court ;  whereof  the 
one  was  shortly  to  be  changed,  and  the  other  at  the  present  vacant. 
In  which  proposition  it  seemeth,  though  shadowed  under  the  Arch- 

1  Rochester. 

1  The  Queen  imagined  that  she  had  heard  Overbury  laugh  at  her  disrespect* 
fully  while  walking  with  Rochester  under  her  windows  at  Greenwich  Palace. 

o.  N.B.,  \ii.  \>.  :;:'.». 

0  2 


20  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

bishop's  goodwill,  that  the  King  was  also  contented  some  little 
light  should  be  given  him  of  hia  Majesty's  inclination  unto  it, 
grounded  upon  his  merit.  At  this  the  fish  did  not  bite  ;  whereupon 
the  King  took  a  rounder  way,  commanding  my  Lord  Chancellor1 
and  the  Earl  of  Pembrock  to  propound  jointly  the  same  unto  him 
(which  the  Archbishop  had  before  moved)  as  immediately  from  the 
King ;  and  to  sweeten  it  the  more,  he  had  (as  I  hear)  an  offer  made 
him  of  assurance,  before  his  going,  of  the  place  of  Treasurer  of  the 
Chamber,  which  he  expecteth  after  the  death  of  the  Lord  Stanhop 2 ; 
whom  belike  the  King  would  have  drawn  to  some  reasonable 
composition.  Notwithstanding  all  which  motives  and  impulsives, 
Sir  Thomas  Overbury  refused  to  be  sent  abroad,  with  such  terms  as 
were  by  the  Council  interpreted  pregnant  of  contempt  in  a  case 
where  the  King  had  opened  his  will ;  which  refusal  of  his  I  should, 
for  my  part,  esteem  an  eternal  disgrace  to  our  occupation,  if  withal 
I  did  not  consider  how  hard  it  is  to  pull  one  from  the  bosom  of 
a  favourite.  Thus  you  see  the  point  upon  which  one  hath  been 
committed,  standing  in  the  second  degree  of  power  in  the  Court,  and 
conceiving  (as  himself  told  me  but  two  hours  before)  never  better 
than  at  that  present  of  his  own  fortunes  and  ends.  Now  in  this 
whole  matter  there  is  one  main  and  principal  doubt,  which  doth 
travail  all  understandings  ;  that  is,  whether  this  were  done  without 
the  participation  of  my  Lord  of  Eochester?  A  point  necessarily 
enfolding  two  different  consequences ;  for  if  it  were  done  withoi 
his  knowledge,  we  must  expect  of  himself  either  a  decadence  01 
a  ruin  ;  if  not,  we  must  then  expect  a  reparation  by  some  other 
great  public  satisfaction,  whereof  the  world  may  take  as  mucl 
notice.  These  clouds  a  few  days  will  clear ;  in  the  meanwhile 
I  dare  pronounce  of  Sir  Thomas  Overbury,  that  he  shall  returj 
no  more  to  this  stage,  unless  Courts  be  governed  every  year  by 
a  new  philosophy  ;  for  our  old  principles  will  not  bear  it. 

I  have  showed  my  Lord  and  Lady  sister  your  letter  of  the  18th  o 
April,  who  return  unto  you  their  affectionate  remembrances,  an< 
I  many  thanks  for  it.  The  King  hath  altered  his  journey 
Thetford,  and  determineth  to  entertain  himself  till  the  progres 
nearer  London.  The  Queen  beginneth  her  journey  upon  Saturday 
towards  Bathe.  Neither  the  Marquess  di  Villa3  (who  cometh  froi 
Savoy)  nor  Don  Pedro  di  Sarmiento 4  (who  shall  reside  here  in  the 

1  Lord  Ellesmere. 

2  John  Stanhope  (1545  ?-1621),  Baron  Stanhope  of  Harrington  1606, Treasure! 
of  the  Chamber  1596-1616.     (D.  K.  B.) 

3  Marquis  di  Villa  (ante,  i,  p.  131). 

*  Don  Diego  Sarmiento  de  Acuna,  the  famous  Spanish  ambassador,  Count  of 
Gondomar,  which  title  was  given  him  in  1617. 


TO  SIB    EDMUND    BACON  21 

room  of  the  present  Spanish  ambassador  *)  are  yet  either  arrived,  or 

near  our  coast,  though  both  on  the  way.  So  as  I  can  yet  but  cast 
towards  you  a  longing,  and  in  truth  an  envious  look,  from  this  place 
of  such  servility  in  the  getting,  and  such  uncertainty  in  the  holding 
of  fortunes,  where  methinks  we  are  all  overclouded  with  that  sleep 
of  Jacob,  when  he  saw  some  ascending,  and  some  descending,  but 
that  those  were  angels,  and  these  are  men  ;  for  in  both,  what  is  it 
but  a  dream?  And  so,  Sir,  wishing  this  paper  in  your  hands,  to 
whom  I  dare  communicate  the  freest  of  my  thoughts.  I  commit  you 
!(.  God's  continual  love  and  blessings. 

Your  faithful  poor  friend  and  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

I  pray,  Sir,  let  me  in  some  corner  of  every  letter  tell  my  sweet 
niece  that  I  love  her  extremely,  as  God  judge  me. 

214.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

AM,  MS.  34727,  f.  23,  holograph;  printed  Letters  to  #.,  p.  10:  Reliq., 
3rd  ed.,  p.  411.  Court,  news;  Overbury  in  prison;  departure  of  the 
Elector  and  Electress  Palatine. 

London,  this  Thursday  the  29th  of 
April,  1613. 
Sir, 

I  have  newly  received  your  last  of  the  25th  of  April,  and 
acquainted  my  Lord  with  the  postscript  thereof  touching  your 
father's  sickness,  of  which  he  had  heard  somewhat  before  by 
Sir  R.  Drurie 2,  who  at  the  same  time  told  him  the  like  of  my  Lady, 
your  mother.  But  we  hope  now  that  the  one  was  never  true,  and 
that  the  other  (which  you  confirm)  will  be  light  and  sufferable,  even 
at  heavy  years. 

The  long-expected  ambassador  from  Savoy  arrived  yesternight  at 
Dover  ;  so  as  now  I  begin  by  the  virtue  of  a  greedy  desire  to  antici- 
pate beforehand,  and  to  devour  already,  some  part  of  that  content- 
ment which  I  shall  shortly  more  really  enjoy  in  your  sight  and 
conversation. 

Sir  Thomas  Overbury  is  still  in  the  Tower,  and  the  King  hath 
since  his  imprisonment  been  twice  here,  and  is  twice  departed, 
without  any  alteration  in  that  matter,  or  in  other  greater. 

My  Lord  of  Rochester,  partly  by  some  relapse  into  his  late 
infirmity,  and  partly  (as  it  is  interpreted)  through  the  grief  of  his 

1  Don  Alonzo  de  Velasco. 

1  Sir  Robert  Dniry  (1577  ?-lG15),  the  patron  anil  friend  of  Donne.  He  married 
Anne  Bacon,  sir  Edmund  Bacon's  sister. 


22  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

mind,  is  also  this  second  time  not  gone  with  the  King.  Some  argil 
upon  it,  that  disassiduity  in  a  favourite  is  a  degree  of  declination  ; 
but  of  this  there  is  no  appearance,  only  I  have  set  it  down  to  show 
you  the  hasty  logic  of  courtiers. 

The  Queen  is  on  her  journey  towards  Bathe. 

My  Lady  Elizabeth  and  the  Count  Palatine,  having  lain  long  in 
our  poor  province  of  Kent  languishing  for  a  wind  (which,  she  sees. 
though  it  be  but  a  vapour,  princes  cannot  command),  at  length,  on 
Sunday  last  towards  evening,  did  put  to  sea,  some  eight  days  aftei 
a  book  had  been  printed  and  published  in  London  of  her  entertain- 
ment at  Heidelberge 1  ;  so  nimble  an  age  it  is.  And  because  I  cannot 
end  in  a  better  jest,  I  will  bid  you  farewell  for  this  week,  committing 
you  and  that  most  beloved  niece  to  God's  dearest  blessings. 
Your  own  in  faithfullest  love, 

Henry  Wottox. 

215.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Lplters  to  P,.,  p.  125 ;  Reliq.,  3rd  ed..  p.  411.     News  from  London  ; 
various  imprisonments. 

Friday,  May  7.  <1G13>. 

Sir, 

Your  friend,  Sir  Bobert  Killegrew,  hath  been  committed  to  the 
Fleet,  for  conferring  with  a  close  prisoner 2  in  a  strange  language 
which  were  (as  I  hear)  the  two  circumstances  that  did  aggravate 
error. 

Of  his  case  whose  love  drew  him  into  it,  I  can  yet  make  no  judj 
ment ;  the  humour  seemeth  to  be  sharp,  and  there  is  wisdom  enough 
in  those  that  have  the  handling  of  the  patient  to  manage  the  matter, 
so  that  at  length  his  banishment  from  the  Court  may  be  granted  as 
a  point  of  grace.  The  nature  of  his  alteration  was  (as  you  rightly 
judge  it)  in  the  first  access  somewhat  apoplectical,  but  yet  mingled 
in  my  opinion  with  divers  properties  of  a  lethargy  ;  whereof  we  shall 
discourse  more  particularly  when  we  meet  ;  which  I  now  long  for, 
besides  other  respects,  that  we  may  lay  aside  these  metaphors. 

This  very  morning  shall  be  heard  at  the  Star  Chamber  the  case  of 
Sir  Peter  Buck 3,  an  inhabitant  at  Bochester,  an  officer  (as  I  take  it) 
of  the  navy,  who  hath  lain  some  good  while  in  prison,  for  having 

1  A  Monument  of  Remembrance  erected  in  Albion,  in  honour  of  the  hopeful  mariage, 
magnificent  Departure  from  Brytayne,  and  honourable  receaving  in  Germanie,  at  H<  idel- 
bergh,  of  the  two  most  noble  Prynces,  Ffredericl;  Elizabeth,  &c.  Entered  at  the 
Stationers'  Registry,  March  30^  1613,  by  Henrv  Bell.     (Arber,  iii,  p.  236  b.) 

2  Sir  Robert  Killigrew,  1579-1633.  (D.  X.  B*)  He  had  been  to  see  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh,  and  Overbnrv  spoke  to  him  as  he  passed  his  window.  (Nichols,  ii, 
p.  641  n.) 

3  Sir  Peter  Buck,  knighted  July  4,  1604.     (Metcalfe,  p.  153.) 


TO   si  I!    EDMUND    BACON  23 

written  fco  n  friend  of  his  nt  Dover  a  letter  containing  this  news, 
•  t lint  some  of  the  Lords  had  kneeled  down  to  the  King  for  a  tolera- 
tion in  religion  ; '  besides  some  particular  aspersion  in  the  said  letter 
of  my  Lord  Privy  Seal1,  whom  likewise  of  late  a  preacher  or  two 
have  disquieted  ;  whereby  he  hath  been  moved,  besides  his  own 
nature  and  (as  some  think  also)  besides  his  wisdom,  to  call  these 
things  into  public  discourse,  quae  spreta  exolescunt*,  if  ancient  grave 
sentences  do  not  deceive  us. 

Iffy  Lady  of  Shrewsbury,  my  Lord  Gray,  and  the  Lady  Arabella, ' 
remain  still  close  prisoners  since  their  last  restraint,  which  I  signified 
unto  you  in  a  little  ticket.  Sir  William  Wade4  was  yesternight  put 
from  the  lieutenancy  of  the  Tower. 

I  set  down  these  accidents  barely,  as  you  see,  without  their  causes, 
which  in  truth  is  a  double  fault,  writing  both  to  a  friend  and  to 
a  philosopher  ;  but  my  lodging  is  so  near  the  Star  Chamber  that  my 
pens  shake  in  my  hand.  I  hope  therefore  the  ambassador  of  Savoy 
(who  hath  already  had  two  audiences)  will  quickly  be  gone,  that  I  may 
fly  to  you  and  ease  my  heart.  By  the  next  carrier  I  shall  tell  you 
all  his  business.  In  the  meanwhile,  and  ever,  our  dear  Saviour 
Mess  you. 

Your  faithful  poor  friend  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

This  Friday  morning,  May  7,  in  such  haste,  that  I  must  leave  my 
dear  niece  unanswered,  till  I  can  better  assemble  my  spirits  and  call 
the  aid  of  the  Muses. 

216.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Litters  to  B.,  p.  IB  ;  Beliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  412.     Killigrew  released  ; 
news  of  the  Court. 

The  14  of  May,  1613. 
Sir, 

Your  kinsman  and  friend,  Sir  Robert  Killegrew,  was  in  the  Fleet 
from  Wednesday  of  the  last  week  till  the  Sunday  following,  and  no 
longer ;  which  I  reckon  but  an   ephemeral    fit,   in   respect  of  his 

1  The  Karl  of  Northampton. 

1  Spreta  exolescunt*     (Tac.,  Ann.  iv.  34.) 

3  The  Countess  of  Shrewsbury  was  imprisoned  in  the  Tower  for  aiding  her 
niece,  Lady  Arabella  Stuart,  in  her  attempt  to  escape  abroad  in  Kill.  The 
Lady  Arabella  remained  in  the  Tower  till  her  death  in  1614.  {Gardiner,  ii. 
p.  119.)  Lord  Grey  of  Wilton  had  been  imprisoned  in  1606  with  Sir  Waltol 
Ralegh,  for  taking  part  in  Watson's  plot  against  James  I.  He  died  in  the 
Tower  in   L614. 

4  Sir  William  Waad  was  removed  through  the  influence  of  the  Rochesters,  in 
order  to  facilitate  the  murder  of  Overbury.  His  successor,  Sir  Geivase  Helwyf , 
was  implicated  in  the  plot,  and  was  tried  and  executed  in  1615.  ( D  X.  7?..  xxv, 
P.  876.; 


24  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


infirmity  who  was  the  cause  of  it;  which  to  my  judgement  dotl 
every  clay  appear  more  and  more  hectical.1  Yesterday  his  fathei 
petitioned  the  King  (as  he  came  from  the  chapel)  that  his  son  mighi 
have  a  physician  and  a  servant  allowed  him,  as  being  much  damagec 
in  his  health  by  close  imprisonment ;  which  for  my  part  I  believe 
for  the  diseases  of  fortune  have  a  kind  of  transfusion  into  the  body, 
and  strong  working  spirits,  wanting  their  usual  objects,  revert  upon 
themselves,  because  the  nature  of  the  mind  being  ever  in  motion 
must  either  do  or  suffer. 

I  take  pleasure  (speaking  to  a  philosopher)  to  reduce  (as  near  as 
I  can)  the  irregularities  of  Court  to  constant  principles.  Now  tc 
return  to  the  matter,  the  King  hath  granted  the  physician,  but 
denied  the  servant ;  by  which  you  may  guess  at  the  issue.  For  when 
graces  are  managed  so  narrowly  by  a  King,  otherwise  of  so  gracious 
nature,  it  doth  in  my  opinion  very  clearly  demonstrate  the  asperity  of 
the  offence.  Sir  Gervis  Elvis  (before  one  of  the  pensioners)  is  now 
sworn  lieutenant  of  the  Tower,  by  the  mediation  of  the  house  of 
Suffolk,  notwithstanding  that  my  Lord  of  Rochester  was  the  corn- 
mender  of  Sir  John  Keyes 2  to  that  charge  :  which  the  said  Keyes 
had  for  a  good  while  (and  this  maketh  the  case  the  more  strange) 
always  supplied  even  by  patent,  in  the  absence  of  Sir  William  Wade. 
Upon  which  circumstances  (though  they  seem  to  bend  another  way) 
the  logicians  of  the  Court  do  make  this  conclusion,  that  his  Majesty, 
satisfying  the  Suffolcians  with  petty  things,  intendeth  to  repair  the 
Viscount  Rochester  in  the  main  and  gross.  And  therefore  all  me 
contemplate  Sir  Henry  Nevil 3  for  the  future  secretary,  some  sayin 
that  it  is  but  deferred  till  the  return  of  the  Queen,  that  she  may 
allowed  a  hand  in  his  introduction,  which  likewise  will  quiet  th 
voices  on  the  other  side  ;  though  surely  that  point  be  little  necessar 
for  yet  did  I  never  in  the  country,  and  much  less  in  the  Court,  s 
anything  done  of  this  kind  that  was  not  afterwards  approved  by 
those  that  had  most  opposed  it.  Such  vicissitudes  there  are  here 
below,  as  well  as  of  the  rest,  even  of  judgement  and  affection. 
I  would  say  more,  but  I  am  suddenly  surprised  by  the  secretary  o 
the  Savoy  ambassador,4  who  I  think  will  depart  about  the  end  of  tli 


: 


1  Sir  Thomas  Overbury  is  referred  to.     •  Hectical '  is  used  in  its  earlier  sen 
of  'chronic',  'permanent.' 

-  Sir  John  Keys,  of  Yorkshire,  knighted  May  27,  1607.     ^Xichols,  ii,  p.  131.) 

3  Sir  Henry  Neville  (1564?-1615)  had  been  ambassador  to  France  in  1599, 
and  was  at  this  time  the  most  popular  candidate  for  the  post  of  secretary, 
which  was  still  vacant.  Sir  Ralph  Win  wood,  however,  was  appointed.  Neville 
died  in  1615.     (D.  N.  B.) 

4  Chamberlain  wrote  to  Carleton  on  May  13,  1613  :  *  Here  is  the  Marquis  de 
Villa,  come  ambassador  from  the  Duke  of  Savoy ;  they  say  he  is  a  gallant 
gentleman,  and  is  well  received.  .  .  .  He  makes  no  great  dainty  of  himself,  but 
goes  with  his  troupe  to  the  ordinary  plays,  to  the  Exchange,  to  the  pawn,  anc 


TO  SIB    EDMUND    BACON 

Whitsun  holidays,  for  which  I  languish.  With  his  business  lean 
icquaint  you  nothing  till  the  next  week,  by  reason  of  this  surprisal  : 
and.  besides,  it  hath  disturbed  my  muses  so,  I  must  remain  still  in 

to  my  sweet  niece  for  that  poetical  postscript  that  dropped  out 
of  her  pen.  I  do  weekly  receive  your  letters,  which  in  truth  are 
more  comfort  than  I  could  hope  to  purchase  by  mine ;  so  as  whereas 
before  I  had  determined  to  continue  this  my  troubling  of  you  but 
till  I  should  see  you  next,  I  have  now  made  a  resolution  to  plant 
a  staple  .  and  whensoever  we  shall  be  separated,  to  venture  my  whole 

stock  in  traffic  with  you,  finding  the  return  so  gainful  unto  me. 
And  so  committing  you  to  God's  dearest  blessings,  I  ever  rest, 
Your  faithfullest  poor  friend  and  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

217.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

letters  to  B.,  p.  17;  Beliq.,  3rd  eel.,  p.  415.     The  Savoy  ambassador ;  the 
outbreak  of  war  between  the  Dukes  of  Savoy  and  Mantua. 

May  21,  1613. 

I  have  not  yet  presented  to  my  Lord  that  box  which  came  with 
your  letter  of  this  week,  for  he  removed  on  Wednesday  with  the 
King  and  household  to  Greenwich,  and  I  still  remain  here  to  show 
you  that  the  Court  doth,  like  a  loadstone,  draw  only  those  that  are 
intra  orbem  virtutis  suae :  I  mean,  within  the  compass  and  circle  of 
profit. 

The  Savoy  ambassador  seemeth  in  his  second  audience  to  have 
discharged  all  his  commission  ;  or  otherwise  he  wanteth  authority 
to  proceed  further  than  to  a  general  overture,  till  the  arrival  of  the 
I  avalier  Battista  Gabaleoni,  who  is  hourly  expected,  and  is  here  to 
remain  as  resident  for  the  said  Duke. 

With  him  likewise  come  certain  other  gentlemen  of  title,  who 
should  from  the  beginning  have  dignified  the  ambassador's  train  ; 
but  the  cause  of  this  straggling  was  a  sudden  attempt  which  the 
Duke,  immediately  after  the  ambassador's  departure  (who  appointed 
those  gentlemen  to  follow  him),  made  upon  the  Marquisate  of  Mon- 
ferrato,  where  he  surprised  three  towns  with  the  petard  ;  the  first 
time  (as  one  writeth  from  Venice)  that  ever  that  pestilent  invention 
had  been  put  in  practice  beyond  the  Alps. 

-hafFers  and  bargains  at  every  shop.  He  will  leave  Gabellione  behind  him  for 
a  lieger.  All  this  business  we  may  thank  Signor  Fabritio  for,  who  hath  no 
other  means  to  uphold  himself,  nor  entertain  the  King's  and  the  Queen's  ear, 
but  with  these  priests  and  devices  that  have  and  will  cost  the  King  many  a  fair 
penny.'     (S.  P.  Dow.  Jos.  J,  lxxii,  No.  129.) 

1   •  Staple/  a  public  market  where  merchandise  is  regularly  exchanged. 


26  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

The  cause  of  this  attempt  was,  for  that  the  Cardinal  Gonzaga  (now 
Duke  of  Mantua *)  had  yielded  to  send  home  the  Dowager  Infanta 2  to  j 
the  Duke  of  Savoy  her  father,  but  would  retain  her  only  child,  . 
a  daughter  of  two  years,  in  whose  right  the  said  Duke  of  Savoy  j 
pretendeth  colourably  enough  to  the  foresaid  whole  marquisate,  and  j 
clearly  to  all  the  movables  left  by  the  late  Duke  of  Mantua  her 
father,  who  died  intestate.  Into  which  point  of  law  there  entered 
besides  some  jealous}?  of  state,  being  unfit  for  respects  that  would 
have  fallen  easily  into  the  apprehension  of  duller  princes  than  the 
Italian,  to  leave  a  child  out  of  the  custody  of  her  mother  in  his,  that 
was  to  gain  by  the  death  of  it.  Yet  am  I  of  opinion,  who  have  a  little 
contemplated  the  Duke  of  Savoy's  complexion,  that  nothing  moved 
him  more  in  this  business  than  the  threatenings  of  the  French  Queen,  • 
who  had  before  commanded  Didiguires3  to  fall  into  the  said  Duke's 
estates  by  way  of  diversion,  if  he  should  meddle  with  the  least  village 
in  the  Monferrato ;  which  feminine  menacement  did  no  doubt  incite 
him  to  do  it  out  of  the  impatience  of  scorn ;  and  withal,  he  built 
silently  upon  a  ground,  which  could  not  well  fail  him,  that  the  King 
of  Spain  would  never  suffer  the  French  soldiers  to  taste  any  more  of  the 
grapes  and  melons  of  Lombardie,  because  V appetit  went  en  mangeant4, 
which  the  issue  of  the  businesses  hath  proved  true  ;  for  the  Governor 
of  Milan5,  having  raised  a  tumultuary  army  of  horse  and  foot,  die 
with  it  only  keep  things  in  stay  from  further  progress  on  both  sides 
till  the  agreement  was  made  between  the  Duke  of  Mantua  himself  in 
person  and  the  Prince  of  Piedmont,  within  the  town  of  Milan.  Th( 
accord  is  advertised  the  King  from  Venice  and  Paris.  The  conditions 
will  be  better  known  at  the  arrival  of  Gabaleoni ;  and  then  likewise 
we  shall  see  the  bottom  of  this  errand,  which  hath  been  hitherto 
nothing  but  a  general  proposition  of  a  match  between  the  same  lad} 
that  was  formerly  offered 6,  and  our  Prince  now  living :  which  the 
ambassador  hath  touched  so  tenderly,  as  if  he  meant 7  to  manage  his 
master's  credit.  Upon  the  whole  matter,  I  cannot  conceive  (though 
he  seemeth  to  let  fall  some  phrases  of  haste)  that  he  will  be  gone  yet 
this  fortnight  or  three  weeks,  till  when  I  languish.  And  so  let  me 
end  all  my  letters,  ever  resting, 

Your  faithfullest  poor  friend  and  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

1  Ferdinando  Gonzaga,  born  1587,  cardinal  1605,  Duke  of  Mantua  1012-26. 

2  Margarita,  widow  of  Francesco  Gonzaga,  Prince  of  Mantua. 
?-  Francois,  Due  de  Lesdiguieres,  1543-1626. 

4  Rabelais,  Gargantva,  v. 

5  The  Constable  of  Castile. 
■  The  Infanta  Maria  (ante,  i,  p.  121).  7  <  Went '  in  Letfers  to  B. 


TO  SIK    EDMUND    BACON  27 


218.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

to  /?..  p.  72,  wrongly  dated  at  the  end  'This  18  of  April,  1633'  ; 
/.Y//7/..  3rd  od.,  p.  417.  An  accident  to  Albertus  Morton ;  the  arrest  of 
Sir  Robert  Mansell. 

From  St.  Martin's  by  the  Fields, 
May  tlie  27(1618). 

I  <lo  as  unwillingly  put  my  pen  to  tell  you,  as  I  am  sure  you 
will  bo  to  hoar,  what  hath  befallen  my  nephew  Albertus1  this  week. 
He  was  going  on  Friday  last  towards  evening  in  a  coach  alone,  whose 
driver  alighting  (I  know  not  upon  what  occasion)  hard  by  Charing 
Cross,  the  horses  (being  young)  took  some  affrightment,  and  running 
away  so  furiously,  that  one  of  them  tore  all  his  belly  open  upon  the 
corner  of  a  beer  cart ;  my  nephew  (who  in  this  meanwhile  adventured 
to  leap  out)  seemeth  to  have  hung  on  one  of  the  pins  of  the  boot, 
from  whence  struggling  to  get  loose,  he  broke  the  waist-band  of  his 
hose  behind,  and  so  fell  with  the  greater  violence  on  the  ground, 
hurting  only  the  hindermost  part  of  his  head,  by  what  possibility  we 
cannot  conceive,  unless  the  motion  of  the  coach  did  turn  him  round 
in  the  fall.  The  force  of  the  concussion  took  from  him  for  some 
hour  or  thereabouts,  the  use  of  his  voice  and  sense,  which  are  now 
well  restored ;  only  there  yet  remaineth  in  his  left  arm  a  kind  of 
paralytical  stupefaction,  and  his  right  eyelid  is  all  black  with  some 
knock  that  he  took  in  the  agitation  of  the  coach,  which  peradventure 
may  have  been  the  motive  to  make  him  leap  out.  But  these  external 
evils  do  not  so  much  trouble  us  as  an  inward  pungent  and  pulsatory 
ache  within  the  skull,  somewhat  lower  than  the  place  of  his  hurt ; 
which  hath  continued  more  or  less  since  his  fall,  notwithstanding 
twice  letting  blood,  and  some  nights  of  good  rest,  and  shaving  of  his 
head  for  the  better  transpiration  :  which  we  doubt  the  more  because 
it  cometh  s'nic  ratione,  his  hurt  being  only  in  the  fleshy  part,  and  very 
slight,  without  fracture  of  the  skull,  without  inflammation,  without 
any  fever,  and  all  the  principal  faculties,  as  memory,  discourse, 
imagination,  untainted.  The  King  hath  in  this  time  much  consolated 
us  both  with  sending  unto  him,  and  with  expressing  publicly 
a  gracious  feeling  of  his  case  ;  but  we  must  fetch  our  true  comforts 
from  Him.  who  is  Lord  of  the  whole  ;  and  so  I  leave  it. 

Since  my  last  unto  you  I  am  sure  3-011  hear  how  Sir  Kobert  Mans- 

1  Albertus  Morton.  On  June  10,  1613,  Chamberlain  wrote  to  Carleton  :  'The 
ambassador  of  Savoy  spends  his  time  merrily,  and  is  much  with  the  King.  .  .  . 
Sicnor  Fabritio  is  never  from  him  ;  indeed,  it  is  all  the  work  he  hath  to  do. 
Young  Fabritio  was  almost  killed  a  fortnight  since  by  the  running  away  of 
a  coach.'     (C.  <fc  T.  Jos.  I,  i,  p.  '2A:\. 


28  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


field  J  hath  been  twice  or  thrice  convented 2  before  the  Lords,  and 
committed  to  the  Marshalsie ;  partly  for  having  consulted  with 
Mr.  Whitlock,  the  lawyer,  about  the  validity  of  a  commission  drawn 
for  a  research  into  the  office  of  the  Admiralty,  whereof  himself  is  an 
accomptant ;  and  partly  for  denying  to  reveal  the  name  of  the  said 
lawyer,  his  friend,  who  before  had  been  committed  to  the  Fleet  for 
another  case  much  of  the  same  nature.  The  point  touched  a  limb  of 
the  King's  prerogative  and  immediate  authority.  Sir  Robert  Mans- 
field's answers  (by  report)  had  as  much  of  the  philosopher  or  of  the 
hermit,  as  of  the  soldier  or  courtier  ;  professing  openly  his  little  care 
of  this  world,  or  of  his  own  fortunes  in  it,  and  divers  other  phrases 
of  that  complexion.  Sir  Thomas  Overbury  is  still  where  he  was, 
and  as  he  was,  without  any  alteration,  the  Viscount  Rochester  yet 
no  way  sinking  in  the  point  of  favour  ;  which  are  two  strange  con- 
sistents. 

Sir  R.  Drury  runneth  at  the  ring,  corbeteth3  his  horse  before 
the  King's  window,  haunteth  my  Lord  of  Rochester's  chamber, 
even  when  himself  is  not  there,  and  in  secret  divideth  his  obser- 
vances between  him  and  the  house  of  Suffolk :  and  all  this  (they 
say)  to  be  ambassador  at  Bruxels.  So  as  super  tota  materia,  I  see 
appetites  are  not  all  of  a  kind  ;  some  go  to  the  Tower  for  the 
avoiding  of  that  which  another  doth  languish  to  obtain.4  I  will  end 
with  my  paper,  and  by  the  next  carrier  either  tell  you  precisely  when 
I  shall  see  you,  or  prevent  the  telling  of  it.  And  so  our  sweet 
Saviour  bless  you  and  my  dear  niece. 

Henry  Wotton. 

219.     To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  157;  ReJiq.,  3rd  ed..  p.  419,  undated;  written  apparently 
a  week  after  the  above  letter  of  May  27,  certainly  before  June  13,  when 
Mansell  was  released.     News  from  London  ;  Irish  affairs,  &c. 

(London,  June  3?,  1613.) 
Sir, 

By  the  next  carrier  (for  yet  I  must  say  so  again)  you  shall  hear 
when  this  ambassador  will  be  gone.  The  meanwhile  let  me  entertain 
you  with  the  enclosed  paper,  which  the  Duke  of  Savoy  hath  pub- 
lished in  his  own  defence,  joining  together  the  sword  and  reason.5 

1  Sir  Robert  Mansell  (1578-1666),  Treasurer  of  the  Navy.  For  his  arrest  see 
Gardiner,  ii,  pp.  187-191.  2  '  Convented,'  i.  e.  summoned.     Obs.    (2f.  E.  D.  ) 

3  'Corbeteth,'  old  form  of  curveteth.     (Ibid.) 

4  This  refers  to  Overbury's  refusal  of  the  embassy  to  Brussels. 

5  '  We  have  had  the  Duke  of  Savoy's  declaration  here  above  this  fortnight, 
and  it  is  putting  into  English,  and  they  were  sold  ordinarily  for  two  pence.' 
Chamberlain  to  Carleton,  June  10.  1618.     (G  &  T.  Jas.  I,  i,  p.  243.) 


TO  SIB    EDMUND    BACON  29 

sir  Robert  Mansfeld  is  still  in  restraint.  Sir  Thomas  Overbury 
nut  only  out  of  liberty  (as  he  was)  but  almost  now  out  of  discourse. 

We  have  lately  started  at  a  dispatch  from  Ireland,  importing 
a  variance  there  about  the  choice  of  a  Speaker  in  the  summoned 
Parliament,1  which  came  to  so  sharp  a  point,  that  the  Deputy  was 
fain  to  fetch  wisdom  from  hence.  Sure  it  is  that  the  humours  of 
that  kingdom  are  very  hovering,  and  much  awaked  with  an  appre- 
hension taken  that  we  mean  to  fetter  them  with  laws  of  their  own 
making  ;  which  in  truth  were  an  ingenious  strain  of  state.  My  Lord 
and  Lady  are  stolen  down  into  Kent  for  a  few  days  to  take  in  some 
fresh  air.  They  go  not  this  next  progress,  if  my  brother  can  get 
leave  of  the  King  to  see  his  grandchildren,  where  he  intends  to 
spend  some  fortnight,  and  the  rest  of  the  time  between  Boughton  and 
Canterbury. 

A  match  treated  and  managed  to  a  fair  probability  between  my 
Lord  Cook's  -  heir  and  the  second  daughter  of  Sir  Arthur  Throck- 
morton is  suddenly  broken  ;  the  said  Lord  Cook  having  underhand 
entertained  discourse  about  the  daughter  of  the  late  Sir  Thomas 
Bartlet :;,  who  in  defect  of  her  brother  shall  be  heir  of  that  name. 

I  have  nothing  more  to  say  ;  and  therefore  God  keep  you  and  my 
sweet  niece  in  His  continual  love. 

Your  poor  uncle,  faithful  friend,  and  willing  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Albertus  (God  be  thanked)  groweth  better  and  better,  and  in  the 
midst  of  his  own  pains  hath  remembered  those  in  Suffolk,  whom  we 
both  so  much  honour. 

220.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Add.  MS.  34727,  f.  25,  in  part :  the  whole  letter  printed  Letters  to  B.,  p.  21  : 
lieliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  421.  The  trial  of  Whitelocke  and  Mansell ;  journey 
of  the  Electress. 

The  18th  of  June,  1613. 
Sir, 

In  my  last  I  told  you  that  the  ambassador  of  Savoy  was  to  meet 
the  Queen  at  Windsor ;  which  pains  she  hath  spared  him  by  her 
own  coming  yesternight  to  Greenwich,  where  I  think  she  will  settle 
herself  a  day  or  two  before  she  admit  him.  Now,  seeing  the  time  of 
the  Commencement  at  Cambridge  so  near  as  it  is,  and  being  able  to 
determine  of  this  ambassador's  departure  within  that  space,  I  have 
resolved  to  take  those  philosophical  exercises  in  my  way  to  you  ; 

1  The  protest  of  the  Irish  Catholics  against  the  election  of  Sir  John  Da  vies  as 
Speaker  on  May  18.     (Gardiner,  ii,  p.  289.) 

1  Sir  Edward  Coke,  commonly  called  Lord  Coke  or  Cooke  (1552-1684).  His 
eldest  son  married  a  sister  of  Lord  Berkeley.     (G  &  T.  Jas.  I,  i,  p.  859.) 

3  Sir  Thomas  Bartlet,  knighted  July  28,  lo08.     (Nichols,  i,  p.  219.) 


30  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

hoping  in  the  meantime  to  see  Albertus  admitted  by  oath  to  a  clerk- 
ship of  the  Council,  or  at  least  to  the  next  vacancy,  for  he  is  now 
strong  enough  again  to  swear.1 

Sir  Robert  Mansfield  and  Mr.  Whitlock  were  on  Saturday  last 
called  to  a  very  honourable  hearing  in  the  Queen's  Presence  Chamber 
at  Whitehall,  before  the  Lords  of  the  Council,  with  intervention  of 
my  Lord  Cook,  the  Lord  Chief  Baron  of  the  Exchequer 2,  and  Master 
of  the  Rolls 3;  the  Lord  Chief  Justice 4  being  kept  at  home  with  some 
infirmity.  There  the  attorney  and  solicitor  first  undertook  Mr.  Whit- 
lock, and  the  recorder  (as  the  King's  sergeant)  Sir  Robert  Mansfield  ; 
charging  the  one  as  a  counsellor,  the  other  as  a  questioner,  in 
matters  of  the  King's  prerogative  and  sovereignty,  upon  occasion  of 
a  commission  intended  for  a  research  into  the  administration  of  the 
Admiralty:  against  which  the  said  Sir  Robert  Mansfeld  (being 
himself  so  principal  an  officer  therein)  had  sought  some  provision  of 
advice  ;  and  this  was  the  sum  of  the  charge,  which  was  diversely 
amplified .  Whitlock,  in  his  answer,  spake  more  confusedly  than  was 
expected  from  a  lawyer,  and  the  knight  more  temperately  than  wras 
expected  from  a  soldier.  There  was  likewise  some  difference  noted, 
not  only  in  the  manner,  but  in  the  substance  between  them  ;  for 
Whitlock  ended  his  speech  with  an  absolute  confession  of  his  own 
offence,  and  with  a  promise  of  employing  himself  hereafter  in  defence 
of  the  King's  prerogative.  Sir  Robert  Mansfeld,  on  the  other  sid< 
laboured  to  distinguish  between  the  error  of  his  acts,  and  the  integrity 
of  his  zeal  and  affection  towards  the  King  his  master  ;  protesting  he 
should  hold  it  the  greatest  glory  under  heaven  to  die  at  his  feet,  am 
that  no  man  living  should  go  before  him,  if  there  were  occasion  to 
advance  his  dominions,  with  some  other  such  martial  strains,  whicl 
became  him  well.  The  conclusion  of  his  speech  had  somewhat  o 
the  courtier,  beseeching  the  Lords,  if  the  restraint  he  had  endure< 
were  not  in  their  judgement  a  sufficient  punishment  c£  his  error,  tha 
then  they  would  continue  it  as  long  as  it  should  please  them,  anc 
add  unto  it  any  other  affliction  of  pain  or  shame  whatsoever,  pro 
vided  that  afterwards  he  might  be  restored  again  unto  his  Majesty' 
favour,  and  their  good  opinions.  To  tell  you  what  they  all  severally 
said  that  day,  were  to  rob  from  the  liberty  of  our  discourse  when  w 
shall  meet.  In  this  they  generally  agreed,  both  counsellors  anc 
judges,  to  represent  the  humiliation 5  of  both  the  prisoners  unto  the 
King  in  lieu  of  innocency,  and  to  intercede  for  ins  gracious  pardon 

1  Albertus  Morton  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Council  in  1614.  (Co/.  8.  P.Dom. 
1611-18,  p.  263.) 

2  Sir  Julius  Caesar.  3  Sir  Edward  Phelips  (1560  ?-16U). 

4  Sir  Thomas  Fleming,  who  died  on  Aug.  7,  1613.     (Gardiner,  ii,  p.  207.) 

5  The  rest  of  the  letter  from  this  word  is  preserved  in  MS. 


TO  SIR  EDMUND    BAOON  31 

which  was  dune  ;  and  accordingly  the  next  day1  they  were  enlarged 
upon  a  submission  under  writing.  This  is  the  end  of  that  business, 
at  which  were  present  as  many  as  the  room  could  contain,  and  men 
of  tin;  best  quality,  whom  the  King  was  desirous  to  satisfy  not  only 
about  the  point  in  hand,  but  in  some  other  things  that  were  occa- 
sionally awaked  ;  which  I  likewise  reserve  to  our  private  freedom. 

The  King's  officers  are  returned  from  my  Lady  Elizabeth,  whom 
they  left  at  Goltzheime  the  last  of  May,  where  his  Majesty's  expense 
did  rease.     This  place  was  chosen  for  her  consignment  instead  of 
Harh.  rath,  suspected  of  contagion.     She  was  at  Andernach  feasted 
by  the  Elector  of  Cullen2 ;  at  Confluence,  or  Cobolentz  (as  they  call 
it),   by  the  other   of  Trier";   and  at  Mentz  by  the   third   of  those 
iastic  potentates  4,  very  royally  and  kindly,  and  (which  was  less 
ted)  very  handsomely.     The  Count  Maurice  and  his  brother, 
with  troops  of  horse  and  a  guard  of  foot,  accompanied  her  to  Cullen, 
and  entered  themselves  into  that  city  with  her  (I  need  not  tell  you 
that  though  themselves  were  within,  the  horse  and  most  of  the  foot 
without  the  walls) ;  which  is  here  (by  the  wiser  sort  of  inter- 
preters) thought  as  hazardous  an  act  as  either  of  them  both  had  done 
in  the  heat  of  war,  and  indeed  no  way  justifiable  in  foro  mpicntiav. 
And  therefore  such  adventurers  as  these  must  appeal  ad  forum  Vruvi- 
dentine,  where  we  are  all  covered  by  His  vigilant  mercy  and  love,  to 
which  1  commit  you  and  my  sweet  niece  in  my  hearty  prayers. 
Your  faithful  poor  friend,  uncle,  and  servant, 

He.nky  Wotton, 

Sir,  I  send  you  a  sprig  of  some  flowers,  which  I  have  newly 
received  out  of  Piedmont,  hi  winter  and  summer  the  same  ;  and 
therein  an  excellent  type  of  a  friend. 

1  am  bold  likewise  to  keep  myself  in  the  memory  of  my  niece,  till 
I  see  her.  with  a  poor  pair  of  gloves  of  the  newest  fashion. 
Inventor*  Henkico  Wottono, 

Sculptore  Crocio  '. 

221.    To  Sin  Edmund  Bacon. 

m    Letters  to  B.,  p.  27  ;  lieliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  424.     Departure  of  the  tSavoy 
ambassador  ;  Wottons  projected  journey  to  Cambridge  and  Redgrave. 

Friday,  the  25th  of  June,  lblo. 

I  told  you  in  my  last  that  I  would  take  the  Commencement  at 

Juno  13,  1613.     (Gardiner,  ii,  p.  191.) 

Prince  Ferdinand  of  Bavaria,  Elector  of  Cologne  (ante,  i,  p.  286). 
;  Lothary,  Elector  1599-1623.  *  John  Suicard  of  Cronberg,  1604-26. 

5  Mr.  Green  suggests  that  this  means  Wotton  was  the  designer)  'fmwntore,' of 
the  gloves,  ami  •  Crocio'  (perhaps  Crook)  the  maker. 


32  LETTERS   OF   WOTTOX 

Cambridge  in  my  way  towards  you,  where  I  shall  be,  God  willing, 
to-morrow  sevennight.  This  I  now  repeat,  to  save  the  telling  of  it 
again  by  the  next  carrier,  foreseeing  that  I  shall  then  be  impatient  of 
so  much  delay  as  a  line  of  mine  own  effusion,  which  even  now  doth 
torture  me,  while  I  contemplate  some  of  those  green  banks  (that  you 
mention),  where  when  I  have  you  by  me  (to  express  my  contentment 
in  the  Italian  phrase)  non  scrivero  al  Papa  fratello.  The  ambassador 
of  Savoy  departed  yesterday  \  making  much  haste  homewards,  or  at 
least  much  show  of  it,  where  he  is  likely  to  come  timely  enough  to 
the  warming  of  his  hands  at  that  fire  which  his  master  hath  kindled 
whose  nature  in  truth  doth  participate  much  of  the  flint  as  well  as 
his  State.  But  is  not  all  this  out  of  my  way  ?  Sir,  believe  it,  my 
spirits  do  boil,  and  I  can  hold  my  pen  no  longer  than  till  I  have 
wished  all  God's  blessings  to  be  with  you,  and  with  that  best  niece  of 
the  world. 

Your  poor  uncle  and  faithful  servant, 

Henry  Wottox. 

Albertus  was  yesterday  with  me  at  the  Court.  And  though  there 
be  great  disproportion  in  the  space,  yet  I  dare  conclude  that  as  much 
strength  as  did  carry  him  to  Greenwich  will  bear  him  to  Redgrave. 

222.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  29  ;  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  425.     The  burning  of  the 
Globe  Theatre. 

July  2,  1613. 

Sir, 

Whereas  I  wrote  unto  you,  that  I  would  be  at  Cambridge  as  o 
Saturday  next,  I  am  now  cast  off  again  till  the  King's  return  t 
London,  which  will  be  about  the  middle  of  the  week  following.  Th 
delay  grows  from  a  desire  of  seeing  Albertus  his  business  settle 
before  we  come  unto  you,  where  we  mean  to  forget  all  the  work 
besides.     Of  this  we  shall  bring  you  the  account. 

Now,  to  let  matters  of  state  sleep,  I  will  entertain  you  at  th 
present  with  what  hath  happened  this  week  at  the  Bank's  side.  Th 
King's  players  had  a  new  play,  called  All  is  trite,  representing  som 
principal  pieces  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII,  which  was  set  forth  wit 
many  extraordinary  circumstances  of  pom})  and  majesty,  even  to  th 
matting  of  the  stage  ;  the  Knights  of  the  Order  with  their  Georges 
and  garters,  the  Guards  with  their  embroidered  coats,  and  the  like : 

1  Chamberlain  wrote  to  Winwood  (July  8,  1613):  'The  Marquis  do  Villa, 
ambassador  of  Savoy,  went  henee  some  fortnight  since  ...  he  stayed  at  least 
three  weeks  to  present  certain  toys  of  crystal  to  the  Queen.'  (Winwood  Mem.. 
iii,  p.  469.) 


TO   SIR   EDMUND   BACON  33 

sufficient  in  truth  within  a  while  to  make  greatness  very  familiar,  if 
not  ridiculous.  Now,  King  Henry  making  a  masque  at  the  Cardinal 
Wolsey's  house,  and  certain  chambers1  being  shot  off  at  his  entry, 
some  of  the  paper,  or  other  stuff,  wherewith  one  of  them  was  stopped, 
did  light  on  the  thatch,  where  being  thought  at  first  but  an  idle 
smoke,  and  their  eyes  more  attentive  to  the  show,  it  kindled  in- 
wardly, and  ran  round  like  a  train,  consuming  within  less  than  an 
hour  the  whole  house  to  the  very  grounds.2 

This  was  the  fatal  period  of  that  virtuous  fabric,  wherein  yet 
nothing  did  perish  but  wood  and  straw,  and  a  few  forsaken  cloaks ; 
only  one  man  had  his  breeches  set  on  fire,  that  would  perhaps  have 
broiled  him,  if  he  had  not  by  the  benefit  of  a  provident  wit  put  it  out 
with  bottle  ale.  The  rest  when  we  meet ;  till  when,  I  protest  every 
minute  is  the  siege  of  Troy.  God's  dear  blessings  till  then  and  ever 
be  with  you. 

Your  poor  uncle  and  faithful  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

I  hnve  this  week  received  your  last  of  the  27th  of  June,  wherein  I 
see  my  steps  lovingly  calculated,  and  in  truth  too  much  expectation 
of  so  unworthy  a  guest. 

223.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  135,  no  date  ;  dated  in  Reliquiae,  3rd  ed.,  p.  427. 
Rochester  created  Earl  of  Somerset,  &c. 

(London,  Nov.  5,  1613.) 

Now  I  begin  ;  but  why  not  before  ?  That  question  shall  be 
answered  by  the  next  carrier,  or  by  a  special  messenger  the  next  week, 
at  which  time  you  shall  have  an  account  of  all  that  hath  passed,  and 
some  prognostication  also  upon  the  future  ;  for  my  pen  is  grown  bold 
and  eager  with  rest,  as  dogs  that  are  tied  up. 

At  the  present  all  my  care  is  to  let  you  know  that  I  have  received 
your  last,  with  the  enclosed  ;  which  although  I  well  understand  my- 
self, yet  I  have  not  had  time  since  the  deciphering  to  acquaint  the 
party  with  it.  which  shall  be  done  as  soon  as  I  have  sealed  this,  and 
sent  it  to  the  carrier's. 

I  thought  now  to  have  said  no  more  ;  but  lest  it  lose  the  grace  of 
freshness,  I  pray  let  me  tell  you,  that  yesterday  morning  the  Viscount 
Rochester  was  very  solemnly  in  the  banqueting-hall,  in  the  sight  of 
many  great  ones  and  small  ones,  created  Earl  of  Somerset ;  and  in 

1  '  Chambers,'  name  given  in  16th-17th  century  to  pieces  of  ordnance.  (N.E.D.S 

2  The  famous  Globe  Theatre  was  burnt  on  June  29.  It  is  generally  supposed 
tluit  an  adaptation  of  Shakespeare's  Henry  VIII  was  being  acted.  {Nichols,  i, 
]>.  165;  Wimoood  Mem.,  iii.  p.  469.) 

WOTTON.      II  D 


I 


34  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

the  afternoon,  for  a  farther  honouring  and  signalizing  of  the  day,  m 
Lord  Cook  (brought  in  by  the  said  Earl)  was  sworn  a  Privy  Councillor, 
to  counterpoise  the  difference  of  the  profit  between  the  Common  Pleas 
and  the  King's  Bench.1 

I  will  turn  over  the  leaf  though  I  die  for  it,  to  remember  the 
heartiest  love  of  my  soul  to  that  good  niece,  to  that  sweet  niece,  to 
whom  I  have  much  to  say  by  the  next  opportunity.  Our  dear  Saviour 
keep  you  both  in  His  continual  love. 

Your  faithfullest  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 
Touching  the  project  of  our  house,  believe  it,  sir,  I  boil  in  it,  and 
am  ready  to  begin  again,  that  I  may  tell  you  how  busy  I  have  been 
in  the  matter ;  but  let  this  also  be  put  over  till  the  following  week, 
which  is  likely  to  fall  heavy  upon  you. 

Written  on  the  day  of  our  great  preservation,  for  which  our  God 
be  ever  glorified. 

224.  To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 
Letters  to  B.,p.  109;  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  428.  dated  '  Tuesday,  the  16th  of 
November  '.  Tuesday  fell  on  Nov.  16  in  1613,  and  it  is  otherwise  plain 
from  the  context  that  the  letter  was  written  in  that  year.  Wotton 
writes  to  Bacon  of  some  family  business  he  had  been  negotiating  with 
his  brother  and  Bacon's  father-in-law,  Lord  Wotton  ;  also  of  his  own 
employment  at  Court. 

(Royston,)  on  Tuesday,  the  16th 
of  November,  (1613). 
Sir, 

An  express  messenger  will  ease  us  both  of  the  trouble  of 
cipher,  but  I  was  in  pain  whether  I  should  send  another,  or  be  tha 
messenger  myself,  being  now  as  near  you  as  Boyston,2  and  scant  abl 
to  obtain  pardon  of  mine  own  severity  for  not  passing  farther ;  ye 
this  may  be  said  for  me,  that  the  present  occasion  required  littl 
noise ;  and  besides,  I  am  newly  engaged  into  some  business,  wherec 
I  will  give  you  a  particular  account,  when  I  shall  first  have  discharge 
that  part  which  belongeth  to  yourself. 

My  Lord  my  brother,  having  been  acquainted  with  the  matte 
enclosed  in  your  last  to  me,  dispatched  the  very  next  day  Mr.  Pe 
down  to  Boughton,  for  such  writings  as  had  passed  at  your  marriage 
which  having  consulted  with  his  lawyers,  he  found  those  things  t 
stand  in  several  natures,  according  to  the  annexed  schedule. 

For  the  point  of  your  coming  up,  he  referreth  that  to  your  own 

1  Sir  Edward  Coke,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  1606.  was  now 
by  Bacon's  advice,  and  against  his  own  will,  appointed  to  the  Chief  Justiceship 
of  the  King's  Bench,  a  more  honourable,  but  less  lucrative  position.     {Gardiner, 


i 


pp.  207,  208.) 
■  The  King  was  at  Royston  on  this  date.     (Nichols,  ii,  p.  704.) 


TO  SIR  EDMUND  BACON  85 

li.art.  and  I  have  only  charge  from  him  to  tell  yon.  that  without  any 
sin -h    occasion  as  this,   which   seemeth   to  imply  your  affectionate 
respect  of  his  daughter,  your  own  person  and  conversation  shall  be 
most  welcome  and  dear  unto  him. 

As  for  my  Lady,  through  whose  knowledge,  and  myself,  through 
Hrhose  hands,  you  have  passed  this  point  of  confidence,  if  you  could 
behold  us,  and  compare  us  with  my  Lord,  you  should  see,  though  no 
difference  in  the  reality,  yet  some  in  the  fashion.  For  to  him  you 
must  allow  the  sober  forms  of  his  age  and  place,  but  we  on  the  other 
side  are  mad  with  gladness  at  the  hope  we  have  now  taken  by  this 
occasion  of  enjoying  both  you  and  my  niece  this  winter  at  London  ; 
and  we  are  contented  to  profess  it  as  profusely  as  it  is  possible  for  a 
better  pen  to  set  it  down.  Nay,  for  my  part  (who  in  this  case  am  1 
somewhat  single),  I  flatter  myself  yet  farther,  that  the  term  (whereof 
iM»t  much  now  remaineth)  will  accelerate  your  coming;  which  if  you 
resolve,  I  pray  then  let  me  only  by  this  bearer  know  it,  that  I  may 
provide  you  some  fit  lodgings  at  a  good  distance  from  White-Hall,  for 
the  preservation  of  blessed  liberty,  and  avoidance  of  the  cumber  of 
kindness,  which  in  troth  (as  we  have  privately  discoursed)  is  no  small 
one.     Now  touching  myself. 

It  may  please  you,  Sir,  to  understand  that  the  King,  when  he  was 
left  at  Hampton,  called  me  to  him,  and  there  acquainted  me  with  a 
general  purpose  that  he  had  to  put  me  again  into  some  use.  Since 
which  time,  the  French  ambassador2  (and  very  lately)  having  at  an 
audience  of  good  length  besought  his  Majesty  (I  know  not  whether 
voluntarily,  or  set  on  by  some  of  our  own)  to  disencumber  himself  of 
frequent  accesses,  by  the  choice  of  some  confident  servant,  to  whom 
the  said  ambassador  might  address  himself,  in  such  occurrences  as 
did  not  require  the  King's  immediate  ear,  it  pleased  him  to  nominate 
me  for  that  charge,  with  more  gracious  commendation  than  it  can 
beseem  me  to  repeat,  though  I  write  to  a  friend  in  whose  breast  I 
dare  depose  even  my  vanities.  But  lest  you  should  mistake,  as  some 
others  have  been  apt  to  do  here,  in  the  present  constitution  of  the 
Court  (which  is  very  umbrageous)  the  King's  end  in  this  application 
of  me,  I  must  tell  you,  that  it  is  only  for  the  better  preparing  of  my 
insufficiency  and  weakness  for  the  succeeding  of  Sir  Thomas  Edmunds 
in  France  ;  towards  which  his  Majesty  hath  thought  meet  first  to 
endue  me  with  some  knowledge  of  the  French  businesses,  which  are 
in  motu.     And  I  think  my  going  thither  will  be  about  Easter. :i 

1   •  Am,'  •  have'  in  Letters  to  B. 
nuel  Spifaine  des  Bisseux. 

3  On  Nov.  24  Biondi  wrote  to  Carleton  that  Wotton  was  appointed  ambassador 
to  Paris,  but  would  not  go  till  April.  Biondi  expected  to  go  with  him.  (S.  P.  Dow. 
Jas.  T,  lxxv.  no.  25.) 

D    2 


36  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


Thus  you  see,  Sir,  both  my  next  remove,  .and  the  exercise  of  my 
thoughts  till  then  ;  wherewith  there  is  joined  this  comfort,  besides  the 
redemption  from  expense  and  debt  at  home  (which  are  the  gulfs  that 
would  swallow  me),  that  his  Majesty  hath  promised  to  do  something 
for  me  before  I  go. 

I  should  now,  according  to  the  promise  of  my  last,  tell  you  many 
things  wherewith  my  pen  is  swollen ;  but  I  will  beg  leave  to  defer 
them  till  the  next  opportunity  after  my  coming  to  London,  and  they 
shall  all  give  place  now  to  this  one  question,  whether  there  be 
anything  in  this  intended  journey  that  you  will  command  ?  Which 
having  said,  I  will  end  ;  ever  resting 

Your  faithfullest  poor  friend  and  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

225.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  32  ;  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  431.    The  «  Undertakers' '  or  '  Addled' 
Parliament  of  1614. 

June  8,  1614. 

Sir, 

It  is  both  morally  and  naturally  true,  that  I  have  never  been  in 
perfect  health  and  cheerfulness  since  we  parted  ;  but  I  have  enter- 
tained my  mind,  when  my  body  would  give  me  leave,  with  the 
contemplation  of  the  strangest  thing  that  ever  I  beheld,  commonly 
called  in  our  language  (as  I  take  it)  a  Parliament1,  which  hath  pr< 
duced  nothing  but  inexplicable  riddles,  in  the  place  of  laws.  F 
first,  it  is  aborted  before  it  was  born,  and  nullified  after  it  h 
a  being  ;  insomuch  as  the  Count  Palatine  (whose  naturalization  w 
the  only  thing  that  passed  in  both  Houses)  is  now  again  an  alie 
And  whereas  all  other  Parliaments  have  had  some  one  eminem 
quality  that  hath  created  a  denomination ;  some  being  called  in  o 
records  mad  Parliaments,  some  merciless,  and  the  like,  this,  I  think 
from  two  properties  almost  insociable  2  or  seldom  meeting,  may  be 
termed  the  Parliament  of  greatest  diligence,  and  of  least  resolution 
that  ever  was,  or  ever  will  be.  For  our  committees  were  as  well 
attended  commonly,  as  full  houses  (as)  in  former  sessions,  and  yet  we 
did  nothing,  neither  in  the  forenoon  nor  after  ;  whereof  I  can  yield  yo 
no  reason  but  this  one,  that  our  diversions  were  more  than  our  mai 
purposes ;  and  some  of  so  sensible  nature,  as  took  up  all  our  reason, 
and  all  our  passion,  in  the  pursuit  of  them.  Now,  Sir,  what  hath 
followed  since  the  dissolution  of  this  civil  body,  let  me  rather  tell  you, 
than  lead  you  back  into  any  particularities  of  that  which  is  passed. 

It  pleased  his  Majesty,  the  very  next  morning,  to  call  to  examina- 

1  Wotton  was  member  for  Appleby  in  this  Parliament  (ante,  i,  p.  132). 
a  '  Insociable,'  i.  e.  incompatible.    Obs.    (N.  E.  D.) 


: 


TO   SIR  EDMUND  BACON  37 

t  ion  l>efore  the  Lords  of  his  Council,  divers  members  of  the  House 
<>t  (  \ >mmons,  for  some  speeches  better  becoming  a  Senate  of  Venice, 
where  the  treaters  are  perpetual  princes,  than  where  those  that  speak 
so  irreverently  are  so  soon  to  return  (which  they  should  remember) 
fco  the  natural  capacity  of  subjects.  Of  these  examinants,  four  are 
oommitted  close  prisoners  to  the  Tower:  (1)  Sir  Walter  Chute1; 
{2\  John  Hoskins?;  (3)  one  Wentworth  !,  a  lawyer;  and  (4)  Mr. 
Christopher  Nevil 4,  second  son  to  my  Lord  of  Apergavenie. 

The  first  made  great  shift  to  come  thither ;  for  having  taken  in 
our  House  some  disgrace  in  the  matter  of  the  Undertakers 6  (of  whom 
he  would  fain  have  been  thought  one)  to  get  the  opinion  of  a  bold 
man,  after  he  had  lost  that  of  a  wise  ;  he  fell  one  morning  into 
a  declamation  against  the  times,  so  insipid,  and  so  unseasonable,  as 
if  he  had  been  put  but  out  of  his  place  for  it  of  carver  (into  which 
one  of  my  Lord  Admiral's  nephews  is  sworn)  I  should  not  much  have 
pitied  him,  though  he  be  my  countryman.  The  second  is  in  for  more 
wit,  and  for  licentiousness  baptized  freedom.  For  I  have  noted  in  our 
House,  that  a  false  or  faint  patriot  did  cover  himself  with  the  shadow 
of  equal  moderation,  and  on  the  other  side,  irreverent  discourse  was 
called  honest  liberty  ;  so  as  upon  the  whole  matter,  '  no  excesses  want 
precious  names.'  You  shall  have  it  in  Pliny's  language,  which  I  like 
better  than  mine  own  translation  ;  nullis  vitiis  desunt  pretiosa  nominal 

The  third  is  a  silly  and  simple  creature,  God  himself  knows  ;  and 
though  his  father  was  by  Queen  Elizabeth  at  the  time  of  a  Parliament 
likewise  put  into  the  place  where  the  son  now  is,  yet  hath  he  rather 
inherited  his  fortune  than  his  understanding.  His  fault  was,  the 
application  of  certain  texts  in  Ezekiel  and  Daniel  to  the  matter  of 
impositions ;  and  saying  that  the  French  King  was  killed  like  a  calf, 
with  such-like  poor  stuff :  against  which  the  French  ambassador 
(having  gotten  knowledge  of  it)  hath  formed  a  complaint,  with  some 
danger  of  his  wisdom. 

The  last  is  a  young  gentleman,  fresh  from  the  school,  who  having 

1  Sir  Walter  Chute,  of  Kent,  knighted  1603. 

-  John  Hoskins  (1566-1638)  had  been  a  contemporary  ofWotton's  at  Oxford, 

and  they  were  apparently  intimate  friends.     (See  the  poem  Sir  Henry   Wotton 

rjeant  Hoskins  riding  on  the  way,   J.  Hannah,  p.  6.)      He   was   something 

•>l  ;,  | t.  and  a  friend  of  Ben  Jonson,  Donne.  Selden,  and  Camden.     (2>.  N.  B.) 

3  Thomas  Wentworth.  These  speeches  were  made  on  June  3,  after  the 
King  had  sent  a  message  to  the  Commons,  stating  that  unless  they  proceeded 
forthwith  to  treat  of  supply,  he  should  dissolve  Parliament.  The  speakers  were 
examined  before  the  Council,  and  arrested  on  June  8,  while  the  King  '  was 
sitting  in  a  neighbouring  room,  amusing  himself  by  looking  through  an  opening 
in  the  hangings,  in  order  to  see  his  orders  carried  out'.     (Gardiner,  ii,  p.  249.) 

4  (Sir)  Christopher  Neville,  of  Newton  St.  Looe,  Somersetshire. 

5  The  '  Undertakers ',  who  undertook  to  procure  a  majority  favourable  to  the 

rnment.     [Gardiner,  ii.  p  229.) 

6  Nat.  Hist,  xxxvii.  12. 


38  LETTERS  OF  WOTTON 

gathered  together  divers  Latin  sentences  against  kings,  bound  them 
up  in  a  long  speech,  and  interlarded  them  with  certain  Ciceronian 
exclamations,  as  0  Tempora,  0  Mores!1 

Thus  I  have  a  little  run  over  these  accidents  unto  you,  enough  only 
to  break  out  of  that  silence,  which  I  will  not  call  a  symptom  of  my 
sickness,  but  a  sickness  itself.  Howsoever,  I  will  keep  it  from  being 
hectical,  and  hereafter  give  you  a  better  account  of  mine  own  observa- 
tions. This  week  I  have  seen  from  a  most  dear  niece  a  letter,  that 
hath  much  comforted  one  uncle,  and  a  postscript  the  other.2  Long 
may  that  hand  move,  which  is  so  full  of  kindness.  As  for  my  par- 
ticular, take  heed  of  such  invitations,  if  you  either  love  or  pity  your- 
selves, for  I  think  there  wras  never  needle  touched  with  a  loadstone 
that  did  more  incline  to  the  north,  than  I  do  to  Redgrave.  In  the 
meantime,  we  are  all  here  well ;  and  so  our  Lord  Jesus  preserve  you 
there. 

Your  faithfullest  poor  friend  and  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Sir,  I  pray  remember  my  hearty  affection  to  my  cousin  Nicolas 
Bacon,  and  all  joy  to  the  new  conjoined. 

I  shall  propound  unto  you  the  next  week  a  very  possible  problem, 
unto  which,  if  you  can  devise  how  to  attain,  non  scriveremo  al  I'apa, 
fratello. 

226.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  38  ;  Reliq..  3rd  ed.,  p.  434.  Death  of  the  Earl  of  Northampton 
arrest  of  Leonel  Sharp  ;  trial  of  Hoskins,  &c. 

London,  June  16,  1614. 
Sir, 

The  Earl  of  Northampton  3  having,  after  a  lingering  fever,  spen 
more  spirits  than  a  younger  body  could  well  have  borne,  by  tin 
incision  of  a  wennish  tumour  grown  on  his  thigh,  yesternigh 
between  eleven  and  twelve  of  the  clock  departed  out  of  this  world 
where,  as  he  had  proved  much  variety  and  vicissitude  of  fortune  ii 
the  course  of  this  life,  so  peradventure  he  hath  prevented  anothei 
change  thereof  by  the  opportunity  of  his  end.  For  there  went  a  genera 
voice  through  the  Court  on  Sunday  last,  upon  the  commitment  o 
Dr.  Sharp 4  and  Sir  Charles  Cornwallis 5  to  the  Tower,  that  he  wa 

1  For  Chamberlain's  account  of  these  speeches  see  C.  A  T.  Jns.  I,  i,  p.  321. 

2  Sir  Francis  Bacon  ? 

3  Lord  Henry  Howard,  Earl  of  Northampton,  made  Lord  Privy  Seal  in  160£ 
died  June  15,  1614.     (D.  N.  B.) 

4  Leonel  Sharp  (1559-1631),  Chaplain  to  Prince  Henry.  He  was  released  fron 
the  Tower  on  Juue  15,  1615.  Sharp  became  afterwards  the  Vicar  of  Boctoi 
Malherb,  Wotton's  birthplace.     (Ibid.) 

5  Sir    Charles    Cornwallis,    died    1629,    was   ambassador    to   Spain    1605-9. 


TO  SIR  EDMUND  BACON  80 

lomewhai  implicated  in  that  business;  whereof  I  will  give  you 
I  little  account  at  the  present,  as  far  as  I  have  been  hitherto  able  to 
penetrate.  John  Hoskins  (of  whose  imprisonment  I  wrote  unto 
you  by  the  last  carrier)  having  at  a  re- examination  been  questioned, 
whether  he  well  understood  the  consequence  of  that  Sicilian  Vesper,1 
whereunto  he  had  made  some  desperate  allusion  in  the  House  of 
rliament,  made  answer  (and  I  think  very  truly)  that  he  had  no 
more  than  a  general  information  thereof,  being  but  little  conversant 
in  those  histories  that  lay  out  of  the  way  of  his  profession.  Where- 
upon, being  pressed  to  discover  whence  he  then  had  received  this 
information,  since  it  lay  not  within  his  own  reading,  he  confessed  to 
have  had  it  from  Dr.  Sharp,  who  had  infused  these  things  into 
him,  and  had  solicited  him  to  impress  them  in  the  Parliament ; 
and  further,  that  Hoskins  hereupon  demanding  what  protection  he 
might  hope  for,  if  afterwards  he  were  called  into  question,  the  said 
Doctor  should  nominate  unto  him,  besides  others  (whose  names 
I  will  spare),  that  Earl,2  who  hath  now  made  an  end  of  all 
his  reckonings ;  assuring  him  of  his  assistance  by  the  means  of 
Sir  Charles  Cornwallis,  with  whom  the  Doctor  was  conjoined  in  this 
practice.  Thus  came  Sir  Charles  into  discovery  ;  who  being  after- 
ward confronted  with  the  Doctor  himself,  though  he  could  not  (as 
they  say)  justify  his  own  person,  yet  did  he  clear  my  Lord  of 
Northampton  from  any  manner  of  understanding  with  him  therein 
upon  his  salvation  ;  which  yet  is  not  enough  (as  I  perceive  among 
the  people)  to  sweep  the  dust  from  his  grave.  Thus  you  see.  Sir,  the 
natural  end  of  a  great  man,  and  the  accidental  ruin  of  others  :  which 
I  had  rather  you  should  see  in  a  letter,  than  as  I  did  on  Sunday  at 
Greenwich,  where  it  grieved  my  soul  to  behold  a  grave  and  learned 
divine,  and  a  gentleman  of  good  hopes  and  merits,  carried  away  in 
the  face  of  the  whole  Court,  with  most  dejected  countenances,  and 
such  a  greediness  at  all  windows  to  gaze  at  unfortunate  spectacles. 

The  Earl  of  Northampton  hath  made  three  of  his  servants  his 
executors,  with  a  veiy  vast  power,  as  I  hear  ;  and  for  overseers  of  his 
will,  my  Lord  of  Suffolk3, my  Lord  of  Worcester 4,  and  my  Lord  William 

treasurer  of  the  Household  to  Prince  Henry  in  1610.     Cornwallis  also  remained 
in  the  Tower.     (D.  N.  B.) 
1  Hoskins   had   attacked  the  King's  Scottish  favourites,  and  suggested  the 
possibility  of  an  imitation  of  the  Sicilian  Vespers.     (Gardiner,  ii,  p.  246.) 

.  cording  to  the  belief  of  contemporaries  Hoskins  was  set  on  by  persons  of 
Mgh  station,  and  every  indication  points  to  Northampton  as  the  person  who 
wa>  suspected  to  have  been  at  the  bottom  of  the  plot.  There  is  every  reason  t«» 
rappose  that  the  charge  was  true.  An  understanding  between  the  King  and 
t!i>  House  of  Commons  would  not  have  suited  Northampton.'  {Ibid.,  pp. 
246,  247. 

Lord  Thomas  Howard  (1561-1626),  first  Karl  of  Suffolk.     (D.  X.  B.) 
1  Edward  Somerset  (15.~>:J- 1628;.  fourth  Karl  of  Worcester.     (Ibid.) 


40  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

Haward  \  To  the  Earl  of  Arundel  he  left  all  his  land  (which 
will  amount  to  some  £3,000  of  yearly  revenue),  besides  three  or  foui 
hundred  to  Mr.  Henry  Haward,  whereof  he  had  before  assured  him 
at  the  time  of  his  marriage ;  but  neither  of  them  to  enjoy  a  penny 
thereof  as  yet  this  eight  year  ;  all  which  time  he  intendeth  the  fruits 
of  his  estate  shall  be  collected  and  distributed  in  legacies  and  pious 
uses  according  to  his  will,  which  hath  not  yet  been  seen,  but  thus 
much  as  I  have  told  you  was  understood  before  his  expiration.  To 
my  Lord  of  Suffolk  he  hath  left  his  house,  but  hath  disposed  of  all 
the  movables  and  furniture  from  him.  And  it  is  conceived  that  he 
died  in  some  distasteful  impression,  which  he  had  taken  against  him 
upon  the  voices  that  ran  of  my  Lord  of  Suffolck's  likelihood  to  be 
Lord  Treasurer,  which  place  will  now  assuredly  fall  upon  him ;  and 
the  world  doth  contemplate  my  Lord  of  Rochester  for  Lord  Privy 
Seal  and  Lord  Warden  of  the  Five  Ports.  As  for  the  Lord  Chamber- 
lainship,  it  is  somewhat  more  questionable  between  my  Lord  of 
Pembroke,  the  Duke  of  Lenox,  and  my  Lord  Knowls a.  A  few  days 
will  determine  these  ambitions.  In  the  meantime  I  commit  you, 
who  have  better  objects,  to  the  contemplation  of  them,  and  to  the 
mercy  of  our  loving  God  in  all  your  ways. 

Your  faithfullest  poor  friend  and  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Sir,  I  have  (I  know  not  how)  mislaid  the  Character A  which  I  lef 
you,  therefore  I  pray  send  me  in  your  very  next  a  copy.  Therefor* 
I  have  deferred  the  matter  which  I  am  to  propound  unto  you  till  the 
next  week,  because  I  must  send  you  some  ore  of  lead,  and  iroi 
withal,  which  I  have  not  yet  gotten. 

Is  there  no  room  left  for  the  remembrance  of  that  dear  niece' 
God  forbid.  And  I  pray.  Sir,  tell  her  besides  that  a  certain  unch 
here  (whom  yet  I  will  not  suffer  to  love  her  better  than  myself)  doth 
greedily  expect  some  news  from  her. 

227.    To  Sik  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  137.     Dated  '  on  Midsummer  Morning ' ;  the  year  1614  added 
in  Belig.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  437.     Rumours  of  Court  appointments. 

On  Midsummer  Morning  (June  24,  1614,  0.  S.>. 
Sir, 

Like  ft  woman  great  with   child,  I  have  threatened  you  almost 

every  week  with  a  proposition  of  profit  ;  in  which  kind  of  breedings 

1  Lord  William  Howard  (1563-1640)  of  Na  worth  Castle.     (D.  X.  B.) 

2  William  Knollys  (1547-1632),  Lord  Knollys  1603,  Earl  of  Banburv  1<>26. 
{Ibid.) 

3  Perhaps  Wotton's  Character  of  Salisbury.     -See  Appendix  IV. 


TO   SIR   EDMUND   BACON  41 

(bethinks  I  am  of  hard  birth,  but  I  hope  to  be  brought  to  bed  by  the 
next  carrier.  This  week  hath  yet  yielded  in  the  public  .'small  effects 
to  entertain  you  withal  ;  only,  some  change  of  opinion  about  the 
tut  me  great  officers,  which  are  now  thus  discoursed. 

The  Earl  of  Suffolk  is  still  beheld  as  a  Lord  Treasurer,  and  that 
conjecture  hath  never  fainted  since  the  very  first  rising  of  it.  But 
it  is  thought  that  the  dignity  of  Privy  Seal  shall  lie  vacant,  as  it 
did  in  the  Cecilian  times,  and  that  the  execution  thereof,  with  the 
title  of  Lord  Chamberlain,  shall  be  laid  on  my  Lord  of  Sommerset.1 
For  if  my  Lord  of  Suffolk  should  remove  from  the  King's  privacy 
to  a  place  of  much  distraction  and  cumber,  without  leaving  a  friend 
in  his  room,  he  might  peradventure  take  cold  at  his  back,  which 
is  a  dangerous  thing  in  a  Court,  as  Ruygomez  de  Silva  was  wont 
to  say,  that  great  artisan  of  humours.  Of  the  office  of  Five  Ports, 
I  dare  yet  pronounce  nothing.  My  Lord  my  brother  will  none 
of  it  (as  I  heard  him  seriously  say)  though  it  were  offered  him, 
for  reasons  which  he  reserveth  in  his  own  breast ;  yet  the  late 
Northampton  did  either  so  much  esteem  it,  or  thought  himself 
to  receive  so  much  estimation  from  it,  as  he  hath  willed  his  body 
to  be  laid  in  the  castle  of  Dover. 

Chute,  Hoskins,  Sharp,  and  Sir  Charles  Cornwallis  are  still  in  the 
Tower,  and  I  like  not  the  complexion  of  the  place.  Out  of  France, 
we  have  the  death  of  Dr.  Carrier 2,  whose  great  imaginations  abroad 
have  had  but  a  short  period.  And  so,  Sir,  commending  you,  and 
that  dearest  niece,  to  God's  continual  blessings  and  love,  I  rest, 

Your  own  in  faithfullest  affection, 

Henry  Wotton. 

228.     To  James  I. 

S.  1'.  Holland,  holograph,  extract.     Wotton's  arrival  at  the  Hague. 

From  the  Haghe,  this  18th  of  August,  1614. 

May  it  please  your  Majesty, 

Although  your  Majesty  may  peradventure  have  expected  from 
me  some  dispatch  before  now,  yet  I  am  not  afraid  of  any  mistrust 
in  your  royal  heart,  either  of  my  zeal  or  of  my  diligence,  whereof 
I  shall  ever  be  able  to  give  your  Majesty  a  better  reckoning  than 
<»f  my  judgement.     I  landed  at  Roterdam  the  first  of  this  month, 

1  Suffolk  was  appointed  Lord  Treasurer  on  July  10  ;  Somerset  was  made  Lord 
Chamberlain.  The  offices  of  Lord  Privy  Seal  and  of  Warden  of  the  Cinque 
Ports  were  kept  vacant  for  a  time.     {Gardiner,  ii,  p.  260.) 

1  Benjamin  Carier,  D.D.,  a  native  of  Kent,  who  was  presented  by  the  Wotton 
family  to  the  living  of  Paddlesworth  in  Kent.  He  was  Chaplain  to  James  I, 
but  became  a  Catholic,  and  died  in  Paris  in  KJ14.     (Z>.  N.  B.) 


42  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


towards  evening,  after  I  had  lain  two  nights  on  the  sea  ;  and  th 
next  day  I  was  met  by  the  Count  Maurice T,  accompanied  with  hi 
brother  the  Count  Henry,  and  divers  other  commanders,  some  tw 
miles  from  the  Haghe,  where  he  took  me  into  his  own  coach,  an 
so  brought  me  through  the  fairest  of  the  town,  to  a  house  whici 
the  States  had  very  royally  furnished,  and  had  appointed  their  ow. 
officers  to  attend  and  defray  me,  which  I  accepted  for  some  few  day^ 
At  this  house  (where  Mr.  Secretary2  before  had  lain),  four  of  th 
Lords,  as  they  are  here  styled,  serving  for  Gelderland,  Holland 
Zeeland,  and  Utrecht,  were  appointed  to  receive  me  in  the  name  o 
the  whole  body ;  which  they  did  with  much  reverent  remembranc 
of  your  Majesty,  and  profession  of  their  great  obligations  towards  you 
sacred  person  and  crowns. 

The  Count  Maurice  had  likewise  before  inquired  very  tenderh 
of  your  Majesty's,  the  Queen's,  and  the  Prince  his  health  ;  and  then 
was  in  truth  in  the  reception  of  your  unworthy  servant  no  circum 
stance  wanting  of  all  due  respect  towards  your  royal  name.  .  . 
I  humbly  expect  to  understand  from  your  Majesty  your  farther  wil 
in  this  intricate  business,  which  I  hope  the  Archdukes  ?  will  give  II 
leisure  to  handle  soberly.  For  if,  after  knowledge  that  your  Majest) 
and  the  French  King  do  sincerely  concur  in  procuring  by  some  equa. 
measure  the  quiet  of  these  Provinces  (wherein  both  the  crowns  have 
such  interest),  the  said  Archdukes  shall  disturb  our  treaty  with  anj 
hostile  act;  then  we  must  conclude  that  he  4  is  weary  of  his  own  ease, 
and  hath  some  unrevealed  ends  of  the  Pope's  hatching,  which  a  few 
days  will  discover.  And  so  with  my  continual  prayers  to  the  God  oJ 
peace  and  armies  to  bless  your  Majesty  in  all  times  with  His  vigilani 
love,  I  humbly  rest, 

Your  Majesty's  faithful  and  long  devoted  servant, 

Ottavio  Ball* i. 

1  Count  Maurice  of  Nassau,  afterwards  Prince  of  Orange,  the  famous  general, 
who  had  carried  to  a  successful  issue  the  great  war  for  Dutch  independence. 
Wotton  assured  Count  Maurice  that  there  was  no  Prince  in  whom  James  I 
reposed  more  confidence  ;  and  as  a  proof  of  this  had  ordered  the  ambassador  to 
carry  on  no  negotiations  with  the  States  without  first  consulting  with  him  ; 
'  although  your  Majesty  might  be  somewhat  jealous  of  his  heroical  spirits  in 
a  business  of  peace,  but  that  you  knew  no  man  had  less  reason  to  desire  war 
than  he,  that  so  well  understood  the  miseries,  and  had  been  satiated  with  the 
glories  of  it.  He  smiled  at  my  compliment,'  Wotton  adds,  •  and  after  acknow- 
ledging how  much  be  was  bound  to  your  Majesty  for  your  affiance  in  him,  he 
professed  that  both  the  States  and  himself  desired  an  honourable  end  of  this 
matter  in  hand.'     (S.  P.  Holland,  Aug.  18.) 

2  Sir  Ralph  Winwood,  English  agent  at  the  Hague  1603-14. 

3  The  Archduke  Albert  (brother  of  the  Emperor  Rudolf  and  his  wife 
Isabella,  daughter  of  Philip  II,  whom  he  married  in  1598,  were  Governors  of 
the  Netherlands,  and  were  commonly  called  '  the  Archdukes'. 

4  The  Archduke  Albert. 


TO   THE   EARL  OF   SOMERSET  43 


229.    To  the  Earl  of  Somerset1. 

i  I'.  Holland,  holograph.  Date  erased,  but  sent  with  above  dispatch. 
Wotton  writes  to  say  that  he  is  sending  his  dispatch  to  the  King 
through  Somerset's  hands,  and  mentions  that  he  has  been  blamed  by 
the  Dutch  for  delaying  their  military  preparations. 

From  the  Haghe,  (Aug.  18,  1G14,  0.  S.>. 

Ki'.ii  i  Honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 
I  have  given  his  Majesty  an  accompt,  partly  by  my  pen,  and  partly 
by  this  gentleman2,  of  the  present  business  as  it  standeth  this  18th  of 
August :  which  I  note  precisely,  because  it  is  of  an  intricate  and  variable 
nature,  much  depending  upon  accidents.  The  Archduke  Albertus 
seenieth,  or  would  fain  seem,  exceeding  eager  to  do  we  know  not  what. 
And  the  States  here  have  very  handsomely  bestowed  the  blame  of  their 
backwardness  upon  my  intercession  with  them3.  The  truth  is 
indeed,  my  Lord,  I  have  done  my  best  to  keep  them  as  far  as  may 
\ye  from  one  another,  because  chances  peradventure  might  kindle 
them  sooner  than  either  their  wills  or  their  wisdoms.  What  will 
become  of  it  I  dare  not  yet  pronounce.  And  I  shall  not  need  to  tell 
your  Lordship  what  hath  been  done  hitherto,  for  both  my  papers 
to  the  King,  and  the  honest  bearer  of  them,  hath  no  other  way  to 
pass  them  (than)  through  your  noble  hands,  both  by  my  direction 
ui<  I  by  my  devotion.    And  so  I  humbly  rest, 

Your  good  Lordship's  to  do  you  faithful  service, 

Henry  Wotton. 

1  Somerset,  though  destined  to  fall  in  the  following  year,  was  now  at  the 
highest  point  of  his  influence.  'Though  he  had  not  the  official  title  of 
secretary,  he  was  treated  as  a  confidential  adviser  far  more  than  Win  wood, 
through  whom  the  correspondence  with  the  ambassadors  ostensibly  passed.' 
(Gardiner,  ii,  p.  317.) 

1  Osbert  Mountford,  who  was  drowned  in  December  of  this  year  while  carry- 
ing dispatches  from  Wotton  to  England  (see  Appendix  III).  Mountford's 
lint  of  Wot  ton's  negotiations  up  to  Aug.  18  is  among  the  S.  P.  Holland. 

J  Reports  had  already  reached  the  Hague  of  the  great  military  preparations 
in  Brussels,  and  were  beginning  to  cause  considerable  alarm.  The  States  sent 
H  letter  to  the  Archduke  asking  his  intentions,  and  received  an  answer  'so 
civilly  and  so  peaceably  penned  ',  Wotton  wrote,  'as  there  is  nothing  that  doth 
make  it  more  suspected  here  than  the  sweetness  and  calmness  of  the  style.' 
Wotton  himself  sent  Francesco  Biondi  (who  was  at  the  Hague  in  his  service)  to 
Brussels  to  report  on  the  Spanish  preparations,  and  to  beg  the  Archduke  to 
await  the  result  of  Wotton's  intercession.  Biondi  saw  the  Archduke  and 
Spinola  and  Verrecyken  ;  they  were  '  all  protesting  (and  so  often  that  it  was 
enough  to  breed  some  doubt),'  Wotton  wrote,  '  a  very  religious  intent  to  observe 
the  truce,  but  yet  still  hastening  to  the  field.'  (S.  P.  Holland,  Aug.  18.)  Wotton 
informed  Barnevcldt  of  this,  but  no  one  at  the  Hague  seems  to  have  realized 
the  swiftness  of  the  Spanish  preparations. 


44  LETTERS  OF   WOTTON 

230.    To  Sir  Thomas  Edmondes. 


Stowe  MS.  175,  f.  18,  holograph.  Partly  printed  in  Birch's  Negotiation.' 
p.  378.  Wotton  writes  to  Edmondes  (who  had  just  returned  to  hi 
embassy  at  Paris)  of  the  negotiations  at  the  Hague. 

From  the  Haghe,  this  18th  of  August,  1614. 
My  Lord, 

I  was,  the  morning  of  your  departure,  at  your  house  in  St 
Bartholomew's  to  have  kissed  your  hands,  and  missing  you  at  tha 
time,  I  was  returning  towards  you  immediately  after  dinner  to  menc 
my  fortune,  when  a  sudden  voice  of  the  King  of  Denmark's  arrival 
carried  me  from  your  Lordship  with  the  rest  of  the  torrent,  to  th* 
Queen's  house,  where  I  was  lost  all  that  afternoon  among  certair 
wits,  that  were  glad  of  new  matter  to  talk  on,  especially  when 
kings  fall  into  their  hands.  Since  my  coming  hither,  which  was 
on  the  2nd  of  August  in  our  style,  I  have  not  written  so  much  ae 
once  to  his  Majesty  ;  for  I  saw  nothing  until  this  very  day,  upon 
which  might  be  grounded  any  material  dispatch,  notwithstanding 
that  I  had  had  four  public  audiences  and  three  committees  (as  I 
may  term  them),  wherein  some  of  the  States  were  deputed  to  treat 
with  me  apart,  besides  sundry  private  conferences  with  his  Ex- 
cellency 2  and  Monsieur  Barneveld,  the  oracle  of  the  place.  I  impute 
the  length  of  their  deliberations,  not  so  much  now  to  the  nature 
of  their  government  (though  I  am  well  acquainted  with  the  lentitude 
of  common  counsels),  as  to  the  very  distraction  of  the  business  itself, 
breeding  in  them  apparently  enough  a  loathness  to  retire,  and  a 
doubtfulness  to  proceed.  They  have  now  finally  put  the  whole 
matter  touching  the  sequestration  of  Juliers  into  Monsieur  du 
Maurier's 3  hands  and  mine,  as  the  representants  of  our  masters ; 
which  will  appear  unto  you  by  their  decree,  which  I  send  herewith 
to  Mr.  Trumbal 4,  desiring  him,  when  he  hath  perused  it,  to  transport 
the  same  or  the  copy  to  your  Lordship,  in  the  company  of  these  hasty 
ragged  lines,  which  may  well  show  you  how  we  are  straitened 
with  time,  fearing  to  be  surprised  by  some  hostile  act  of  the  Arch- 
dukes, which  would  traverse   our  treaty.      Your   ancient   creature 

1  On  July  21.  2  Count  Maurice  of  Nassau. 

■  Aubery  du  Maurier,  resident  French  ambassador  at  the  Hague.  '  A  Protes- 
tant of  moderate  opinions,  of  a  sincere  but  rather  obsequious  character,  pains- 
taking, diligent,  and  honest.'  (Motley,  Barn.,  i,  p.  415.)  At  his  arrival  Wotton 
had  a  friendly  disagreement  about  precedence  ;  and  as  neither  would  yield,  they 
arranged  that  the  Dutch  representatives  should  visit  them  in  separate  rooms. 
(Relation  of  Mountford,  S.  P.  Holland.)  Du  Maurier's  son,  Loiiis  Aubery  du 
Maurier,  published  an  account  of  his  father's  negotiations  in  his  Mcmoires  pour 
sewir  a  I'Histoire  de  HoUande,  1688. 

4  William  Trumbull,  who  served  under  Sir  Thomas  Edmondes  from  1597  in 
the  Council  Chamber,  and  in  1605  was  appointed  English  agent  at  Brussels. 
;N.  Sainsbury,  Original  Papers  concerning  Rubens,  p.  10  n.) 


TO    SIR   THOMAS    KDMONDKS  45 

Mr.  Trumbal  (a  very  intelligent  instrument,  as  appeareth  )>y  his 
letters,  mid  right  honest,  by  all  reports)  hath  done  many  good 
offices  to  mollify  the  said  Archdukes,  who  seem,  or  at  least  would 
seem,  very  eager  to  do  we  know  not  what.  And  the  States  here 
ry  civilly  to  my  charge  that  I  have  kept  them  from  marching 
towards  their  frontiers  ;  which  they  now  begin  to  fortify  with  a  few 
removes  of  certain  companies  from  the  more  inland  garrisons.  The 
hope  is  (and  we  may  hope  it  very  justly)  that  the  expectation  of 
Monsieur  de  Refuge1  at  Bruxelles  will  on  the  Archdukes'  side 
suspend  all  action  ;  the  two  Kings  concurring  so  sincerely  and  so 
professedly  to  procure  his  consentment.  The  said  ambassador  shall 
find  at  his  coming  hither  the  matter  well  masticated,  or  rather 
indeed  well  digested  already,  whereof  your  Lordship  shall  have  from 
me  a  more  particular  accompt  as  we  go  forwards.  In  the  meantime, 
I  must  tell  you  that  none  of  those  ways  propounded  in  my  written 
instructions2  (wherewith  your  Lordship  is  well  acquainted)  can  take 
place,  for  in  the  management  of  them,  there  fell  out  insuperable 
difficulties  not  considered  in  the  beginning.  But  it  pleased  the  King 
to  commit  unto  me  verbally  some  private  remembrances  which 
I  hope  will  determine  this  business.3  We  have  a  voice,  believed 
in  Amsterdam  and  almost  here,  that  the  Emperor  is  dead.  If  it  be 
true,  it  is  likely  to  breed  great  matters.  And  for  my  part  I  do  not  see 
how  his  mandate,  lately  executed  on  the  poor  town  of  Aix,4  after  his 
decease  can  be  of  validity.  I  have  scant  room  left  to  remember  my 
humble  service  to  your  Lordship  and  your  worthy  Lady,  and  to 
desire  your  pardon  for  this  trouble  which  I  have  given  you.  God 
-  your  whole  family,  and  send  us  peaceful  days, 

Your  Lordship's  faithfully  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

1  De  Reffuge  was  the  special  French  ambassador,  sent,  like  Wotton,  to  settle 
the  difficulties  about  Juliers.  He  did  not  arrive  at  the  Hague  till  Sept.  13, 
though  he  pretended  to  be  travelling  in  great  haste,  and  to  have  killed  two 
coach -horses  in  his  hurry.  This  delay  made  Wotton  suspect  that  the  French 
were  not  in  earnest  in  their  desire  to  avoid  a  rupture. 

-  Wot  ton's  instructions  for  this  embassy  have  not  been  preserved. 

3  In  Iiis  fourth  audience  with  the  States-General  Wotton  proposed  that 
Juliers  should  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Kings  of  France  and  England. 
Although  not  formally  instructed  to  propose  this,  he  knew  it  would  be  approved 
<>f,  as  ho  had  had  '  a  little  breeding  in  the  School  of  Philosophy,  where  I  have 
learned  that  the  actions  of  Princes  are  directed  by  their  ends'.  (S.  P.  Holland. 
Aug.  IS,  1GU.) 

4  During  the  troubles  at  the  end  of  the  reign  of  the  Emperor  Rudolf,  the 
Protestants  of  Aix-la-Chapelle  took  up  arms,  expelled  the  Jesuits,  and  re-estab- 
lishfd  themselves  in  the  magistracy.  On  Feb.  20,  1614,  the  Emperor  Matthias 
revived  the  ban  of  the  Empire  against  them,  and  entrusted  its  execution  to  the 
Archduke  Albert  and  the  Elector  of  Cologne.     Matthias  did  not  die  till  1619. 


46  LETTERS   OF    WOTTON 

231.  To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph,  extract.     The  advance  of  the  Dutch  army. 

From  the  Haghe,  this  Thursday  morning, 
the   25th   of  August,   1614.      Style 
of  England. 
Sir, 

I  direct  the  present  unto  your  Honour  through  Sir  Johr 
Throckmorton's1  hands  at  Vlussing,  only  to  acquaint  his  Majestj 
that  the  Count  Maurice  is  this  very  morning  departed  hence  witl 
the  Count  William 2,  the  Count  Henry,  and  all  the  captains  of  horst 
and  foot,  towards  the  frontiers,  where  the  rendezvous  is  appointee 
at  Schenck's  Sconse 3  on  Sunday  next.  If  they  arrive  in  time  the} 
are  likely  enough  to  prevent  Spinola's  taking  of  Wesel,  Ries,  anc 
Emerick ;  which  if  he  do,  we  doubt  they  will  speak  big  language  ir 
the  treaty.  I  have  kept  them  asunder  as  far  and  as  long  as  may  be 
and  they  have  very  handsomely  bestowed  upon  me  the  blame  o 
their  backwardness.4  The  doubt  now  is,  that  coming  near  together 
some  chance  may  kindle  them,  though  perhaps  neither  of  the  sides 
have  much  will  unto  it.  I  shall  dispatch  unto  his  Majesty  withir. 
these  two  days  an  express  messenger,  with  more  particular  judgemenl 
upon  the  whole  matter,  which  I  now  begin  to  think  that  I  under- 
stand. 

232.  To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

8.  P.  Holland,  holograph,  extract.     Wotton  defends  himself  against  tl 
charge  that  he  was  to  blame  for  the  delay  which  allowed  Spinola 
take  Wesel. 

From  the  Haghe,  the  9th  of  September, 
1614.    Stilo  veteri. 

...  I  am  very  sensible  here  (as  I  have  just  cause)  of  the  voices  ol 
some  people  that  would  impute  the  loss  of  Wesel 5,  and  the  back- 

1  Sir  John  Throckmorton,  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Flushing,  one  of  the 
cautionary  towns  still  in  the  possession  of  James  I. 

2  William  Louis  of  Nassau,  Stadtholder  of  Friesland,  died  1620.  Wotton 
called  him  '  our  Nestor '.     (S.  P.  HoUand,  Dec.  29,  1614.) 

3  Schenken's  Hans,  or  Schenk's  Sconce,  a  fort  built  by  the  freebooter,  Martin 
Schenk,  a  few  miles  above  Nimeguen,  where  the  Waal  divides  from  the  main 
stream  of  the  Rhine. 

4  On  August  20  Sir  John  Throckmorton  wrote  from  Flushing,  'I  protest  to 
God  that  such  is  the  outcry  of  these  people  generally  against  our  minister  for 
his  temporizing  in  these  affairs  that  so  nearly  concern  them,  as  that  I  wish 
I  were  not  at  all  to  hear  them,  seeing  that  I  know  not  what  to  answer  unto 
them.  But  I  am  sore  afraid  that  I  shall  both  see  and  hear  worse  things  than 
all  these  ere  it  be  long.'  (S.  P.  HoUand.)  For  Wotton's  defence  of  his  action 
see  below,  pp.  69-73. 

5  Wesel  was  captured  by  Spinola  on  Sept.  7,  1614.     (Motley,  Bam.,  i,  p.  345.) 


TO   SIR   RALPH    WINWOO])  47 

Wtrdness  of  the  States,  to  his  Majesty,  or  at  least  (when  they  would 
Bpeok  more  civilly)  to  his  instruments,  and  in  particular  to  myself1 ; 
which  ridiculous  conception  will  be  easily  dispelled,  when  it  shall  be 
more  publicly  known  (as  it  is  fit  it  should)  that  the  King  my  master 
did.  within  the  compass  of  fifteen  days  (namely,  from  the  14th  of 
August  till  the  29th  of  the  same),  voluntarily  enter  into  two  royal 
•  ments  of  himself  in  favour  of  his  friends  and  the  cause, 
besides  an  expostulation  with  the  Archdukes  for  their  unsound  pro- 
ceeding. And  all  this,  while  the  Protestant  United  Princes  (who  are 
nearest  both  the  danger  and  the  utility)  have  looked  on,  and  while 
the  French  King  and  Queen  (who  are  interested  as  much  as  his 
Majesty  in  these  affairs)  have  been  very  coldly  and  neutrally  disposed, 
us  appeareth  by  the  steps  of  their  minister.  As  for  myself,  I  may 
affirm  with  most  indubitable  truth,  and  I  can  directly  prove  it  where 
ir  shall  be  questioned,  that  my  intercessions  did  not  detain  the 
Count  Maurice  from  the  frontiers  one  hour  longer  than  the  States 
themselves  were  secretly  willing  and  thought  fit  that  he  should  be 
stayed  ;  which  I  speak  with  good  warrant  from  a  mouth  of  authority, 
though  I  must  confess  that  I  studied  (till  the  point  of  necessity)  to 
keep  the  armies  as  far  asunder  as  might  be 2,  lest  otherwise  some 
chance  might  kindle  them  sooner  than  either  their  own  wills,  or 
their  wisdoms,  as  I  have  written  in  my  former  letters.  I  have 
through  your  Honour's  hands  discoursed  these  things  unto  his 
Majesty,  more  out  of  zeal  to  his  inviolable  name,  than  any  care  of 
myself;  for  surely  the  condition  of  public  servants  were  most 
miserable,  if  they  were  bound  to  be  troubled  with  vulgar  voices,  and 
to  gather  up  all  the  rumour  and  breath  that  is  so  easily  spent. 

233.    To  Sir  Thomas  Edmondes. 

St  owe  MS.  175,  f.  46,  dictated,  extract.     The  arrival  of  De  Reffuge ; 
movements  of  the  Dutch  and  Spanish  armies. 

From  the  Haghe,  on  the  10th  of 
September,  1614. 
My  very  good  Lord, 

I  have  received  your  Lordship's  letters  by  the  French  captain, 
dated  the  3  of  this  month,  for  which  I  do  heartily  thank  you,  as 

1  On  Sept.  17  the  Rev.  Thomas  Lorkin  wrote,  '  Sir  Henry  Wotton  is  much 
complained  of  by  the  States,  as  having  been  the  chief  cause  of  the  loss  of  Wesel ; 
he  entertaining  them  so  long  with  delays,  that  they  came  two  days  short  of 
the  relief.     But  how  justly  they  censure  him  I  know  not.'     (0.  <t*  T.  Jos.  I,  i, 

2  On  Aug.  22  Count  Maurice  wrote  to  William  Louis  of  Nassau,  that  the  States 
would  assemble  on  the  25th  to  deliberate  about  the  marching  of  Spinola's  army. 
If  he  proceeded  toward  the  Rhine,  the  Dutch  army  would  be  sent  thither  ;  but 


48  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

likewise  for  your  intention  of  writing  sooner,  had  you  not  been  ml 
impressed  by  the  ambassador  of  the  States  there,  who  seemeth  no 
well  acquainted  with  my  commission.  It  is  true  indeed  that  th 
King  hath  deputed  me  (after  the  quieting  or  relaxation  of  thes 
affairs  here)  to  meet  his  Majesty  of  Denmark's  ambassador  at  th 
Court  of  Brunswick,1  and  there  jointly  to  treat  (as  I  do  here  wit] 
the  French)  an  agreement  between  that  Duke  and  the  town  ;  so  a 
your  Lordship  seeth  how  pacifical  I  am  in  this  journey.  But  tha 
German  business  must  sleep  a  while. 

Monsieur  de  Reffuge  at  last  arrived  here  on  the  13th  of  the  present 
From  the  Archdukes  he  hath  brought  little  more  than  generalities 
and  a  kind  of  reference,  for  the  knowledge  of  their  particular  will 
unto  the  Marquis  Spinola,  who  hath  been  now  three  or  four  day: 
treating  a  cessation  of  action  for  some  limited  time,  at  the  vehemen 
suit  of  the  provincials,  who  suffer  extremely,  while  the  two  general 
agree  well  enough  (for  aught  I  see),  and  while  the  two  Pretendants 
Newburg  on  the  one  side  and  Brandenbourg  on  the  other,  lend  botl 
countenance,  and  as  much  help  as  they  can  to  their  own  ruins 
which  is  a  pretty  contemplation. 

Monsieur  de  Reffuge  hath  this  morning  his  first  audience.     Afte: 
which  we  have  determined  to  make  a  joint  dispatch  unto  the  torn 
Princes,   and  to  the  two  generals,  for  the  understanding   of  theii 
inclinations  about  the  place  of  our  treaty,  whereof  you  shall  hai 
knowledge   by   my   next.     I    was  glad  to  understand   that  whic 
de  Reffuge  had  let  fall  to  your  Lordship,  in  his  conference  with  yc 
before  his  coming  from  Paris,  namely,  '  that  he  thought  the  instanc 
and  menacings  of  the  two  Crowns  would  do  little  good  with  tl 
Spaniards,  unless  they  were  likely  to  be  followed  with  the  effects 
Which,  I  can  assure  your  Lordship,  shall  not  be  wanting,  unless  thej 
fail  on  the  French  side  ;  for  the  King  our  master  hath  within  tht 
compass  of  15  days  (namely  in  his  dispatches  unto  me  of  the  14tl 
and  26th  of  August)  voluntarily  entered  into  two  real  engagement? 
of  himself  in  favour  of  his  friends  and  the  cause  ;    which  made  mf 
yesterday,  at  my  first  visitation  of  this  new  ambassador,  hold  with 
him  this  language,  '  that  I  was  a  person  of  small  discourse  and  less 

Count  Maurice  thought  they  ought  to  arrive  there  first.  He  adds,  '  L'Ambassa 
deur  d'Angleterre  insiste  forte  que  Messieurs  les  Estats  ne  facent  point  marchei 
leurs  troupes,  a  quoi  je  vois  qu'ilz  ont  quelque  inclination,  puisque  le  dit 
Ambassadeur  a  opinion  qu'il  accomodera  l'affaire.'  (Groen  van  Prinsterer; 
Archives  .  .  .  de  la  Maison  cV Orange-Nassau,  2nd  ser.,  ii,  1858,  p.  446.) 

1  The  Duke  of  Brunswick,  Friedrich  Ulrich,  had  inherited  from  his  fathei 
(whom  he  succeeded  in  1613)  a  long-standing  quarrel  with  the  town  of  Bruns- 
wick, which  he  besieged  in  July,  1615.  By  mediation  of  the  Emperor  and  other 
powers  the  quarrel  was  settled  in  Dec,  1615.  (0.  von  Heinemann,  Geschichte  von 
Braunschiveig  und  Hannover,  iii,  p.  34.)  Wotton  was  kept  too  busy  at  the  Hague 
to  find  time  to  perform  this  part  of  his  mission. 


TO  SIR  THOMAS   EDMONDES  ij 

en  Qiony,  but  I  did  humbly  offer  him  mine  own  service;  and  I  was 
ome  to  assure  him  that  I  had  charge  from  the  King  my  master  to 
>in  with  him  in  a  fraternal  consultation  upon  the  present  affairs, 
nd  in  any  resolution  whatsoever,  either  of  peace  or  war  according 
»  the  occasion.' 

This  moved  him  to  tell  me  at  length  the  passages  of  his  journey. 

nd  how  he  was  used  by  the  Archdukes.     But  I  could  mark  no 

er  heat  in  his  discoursing  than  he  had  showed  in  his  marching  ; 

ml  I  am  of  your  Lordship's  opinion  that  France  is  too  distracted 

t  home  (whereof  the  Spaniards  are  not  ignorant)  to  help  us  greatly 

:234.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

.  /'.  Holland,  dictated,  extract,  postscript  and  signature  holograph.  The 
King  of  Spain's  title  ;  Biondi  sent  with  Du  Maurier  to  arrange  for 
a  treaty. 

From  the  Haghe,  this  18th  of  September, 
1614.     Stilo  veteri. 
Sir, 

I  protest  unto  you  that  I  am  both  ashamed  and  tired  with 
renting  these  menudencias  unto  his  Majesty,  but  withal  I  coll- 
ider that  his  honour  (whereof  I  am  bound  to  be  tender)  may  suffer 
1  the  smallest  tilings,  and  therefore  I  have  thought  it  fit  for  me  to 
'iider  him  an  accompt  of  my  carriage  even  in  the  most  contemptible 
ircumstances.  I  must  protest  withal  that  I  was  glad  to  see 
Jons,  de  Reffuge  so  prompt  and  forward  as  I  yet  find  him,  and 
have  no  fear  in  the  present  business  lAit  to  leave  him  behind  me. 
Was  glad  also  to  see  him  join  so  well  with  Mons.  du  Maurier,  who 
i  a  gentleman  of  singular  piety  and  clear  intentions. 
The  copies  of  our  credential  letters  '  sent  by  the  said  Mons.  d  u 
[aurier  and  Francesco  Biondi,  are  sent  herewithal,  wherein  was 
ii>  nicety2  observed,  that  to  the  two  generals  we  used  Monsieur  and 
Excellence,  and  to  the  two  princes  Monsc'tgncur  and  Altesse.  And 
iere  fell  out  afterwards  between  De  Reffuge  and  me,  when  we  came 
i  seal  the  letters  with  both  our  seals  (as  we  did  upon  distinct  labels), 
nd  to  see  them  superscribed,  a  scruple  that  yielded  some  sport, 
or  upon  the  letter  to  Spinola,  when  we  came  to  nominate  his  titles 
nd  charges  which  he  held  from  the  King  of  Spaine,  Reffuge  willed 
is  secretary  to  write  '  de  sa  Majeste  Catholique  ',  which  I  would  not 
iffer ;  although  between  jest  and  earnest,  I  told  him  that  if  these 
rovinces  now  in  question  were  suffered  to  fall  into  Spanish  hands, 

1  These  copies  are  in  the  Record  Office.     (S.  P.  Gei:  States,  vol.  xiii.) 
N  icesitie  '  in  MS. 

Wot  ion.  ii  K 


50  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

that  King  within  a  while  would  prove  *  Catholic '  enough,  that  i 
1  universal ',  as  the  word  importeth  :  after  which,  with  a  very  littl 
ado,  he  yielded  to  have  Spinola  described  i  Lieutenant- General  cle 
Armies  de  sa  Majeste  d'Espagne '.  And  this  was  the  end  of  our  tirs 
meetings.  Mons.  Maurier  and  Francesco  Biondi  (who  will  do  thi 
turn,  or  a  greater,  with  requisite  discretion)  departed  two  days  sine 
towards  the  camps.1  We  expect  them  not  any  time  possibly  in  les 
than  five  days  more  ;  and  Mons.  Barneveld  hath  newly  sent  me  wore 
that  he  thinketh,  till  their  arrival,  the  cessation  will  not  be  con 
eluded.  The  rest  I  will  signify  after  my  audience,  in  a  letter  t« 
his  Majesty  ;  whom  for  the  present  I  humbly  commit,  with  all  his,  t< 
God's  continual  blessing,  ever  resting 

Your  Honour's  to  do  you  faithful  service, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Right  Honourable,  the  time  is  now  >  come  that  I  must  beseecl 
you  to  prepare  his  Majesty  and  yourself  to  a  patience  of  bein; 
troubled  both  with  frequent  and  long  letters,  as  we  grow  deeper  int< 
the  bowels  of  this  perplexed  business. 

235.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Holland,  holograph.    Wotton  and  De  Reft'uge  about 
to  leave  the  Hague. 

From  the  Haghe,  this  Tuesday  the  20tl 
of  September,  1614.     Stilo  veteri. 
Right  Honourable, 

I  signified  unto  your  Honour  the  departure  of  Mons.  du  Mauri 
towards  the  armies  by  Captain  Minn 2,  and  his  infirmity  on  the  ws 
by  Sir  David  Murray 3 ;  whereupon  Mons.  de  Reffuge  and  myself  ha^ 
resolved,  after  our  audiences  here  this  morning,  to  pass  towards  tl 
armies.      The  rest  his  Majesty  shall  receive  from  Utrecht  (whert 
God  willing,  I  will  be  to-morrow  at  night)  by  your  Honour's  carefu 
servant  William  Diston 4 :  resting  in  the  meantime  and  ever, 
Your  Honour's  to  serve  you  cheerfully, 

Henry  Wotton. 

The  bearer  is  a  servant  to  Sir  Thomas  Gates,  and  I  hope  hat! 
learned  some  diligence  from  his  master. 

1  The  object  of  their  journey  was  to  arrange  with  Count  Maurice,  Spinoh 
and  the  two  Possessionary  Princes,  a  place  and  date  for  the  negotiation  of 
treaty  which  should  settle  the  whole  Juliers-Cleves  controversy. 

2  Perhaps  (Sir)  Henry  Mynne,  Paymaster  of  Gentlemen  Pensioners  in  lt>li 
(Col.  S.  P.  Dom.,  1611-18,  p.  387.) 

3  Sir  David  Murray  (1567-1629).     (D.  N.  B.) 

*  William  Diston;  see  Cal.  S.  P.  Dom.,  1611-18,  p.  484,  'Warrant  for  paj 
inent  of  £10  to  William  Diston  for  carrying  letters  to  Brussels,'  Sept.  14,  1617. 


TO  JAMES   I  51 


236.     To  James  I. 

91  /'.  Ger.  States,  holograph,  extract.  Wotton's  journey  to  Rees;  Xanten 
the  probable  place  of  the  treaty;  motives  and  desires  of  the  various 
parties  concerned. 

Written  at  Rees.  Sent  from  Wesel 
on  Michelmas  day,  1614.  Stylo 
veteri. 

...  At  Utrecht  we  found  Mons.  du  Maurier  much  weakened 
with  some  relics  of  that  infirmity  which  had  surprised  him  on  the 
way  :  and  there  we  left  him,  with  intention  to  follow  us  when  his 
igth  would  bear  it.  But  as  yet  we  hear  no  more  of  him. 
At  Arnehm  l  I  found  the  Countess  of  Nassaw2,  her  Majesty's  niece, 
in  grief  for  the  late  loss  of  a  little  daughter ;  her  husband  being 
absent  at  the  army  with  double  charge  at  the  present  of  Lieutenant- 
General  and  Marshal,  by  reason  of  some  infirmity  of  the  Count 
William3,  the  wisest  and  indubitably  the  realest  gentleman  of 
his  whole  house,  who  is,  for  his  better  recovery,  retired  to 
Uroningen. 

At  Kees  we  arrived  on  Saturday  the  24th,  about  four  of  the  clock 
in  the  afternoon,  and  were  met  about  a  mile  out  of  the  town  by  the 
Marquis  of  Brandenburg  and  the  Count  Maurice,  who,  after  a  few 
compliments,  put  Mons.  de  Reffuge  and  me  into  their  coach,  and 
hatillon  with  us,  the  commander  of  the  French. 
The  young  Prince  of  Brandenburg  4  is  a  gentleman  of  very  forward 
mderstanding  for  his  years,  and  of  good  breeding  for  his  nation  ; 
md  hath  gotten  in  the  States  army,  partly  by  his  countenance 
which  is  full  of  sweetness)  and  partly  for  the  cause's  sake,  a  great 
leal  of  good  opinion.   .  .   . 

Touching  the  place  of  our  treaty  (for  I  have  tired  your  Majesty 
00  much  about  the  persons)  I  think  it  will  be  Santen,  which  the 
Marquis  Spinola  took  on  the  other  side  of  the  Rhene,  if  he  may 
>e  moved  (which  he  cannot  deny,  neither  in  reason  nor  courtesy)  to 
withdraw  his  garrison  out  of  it  for  the  time,  and  to  restore  the  town, 
ill  the  issue  of  the  treaty,  to  a  neutral  nature  ;  which  place  hath 
>een  judged  the  fittest,  being  between  the  two  armies,  and  of 
oiiin lodious  receipt. 
Touching  the  matter,   or   subject   of  the  treaty,  I   cannot  more 

1  Arnlieim. 

-  Hedwig,  wife  of  Ernest  Casimir,  Count  of  Nassau-Dietz.  She  was  a 
laughter  of  the  Duchess  of  Brunswick,  sister  of  Anne  of  Denmark. 

8  Count  William  Louis  of  Nassau  (ante,  ii,  p.  46). 

1  Markgraf  Ernest  of  Brandenburg,  brother  of  John  Sigismund,  Elector  of 
iiaiulenburg. 

E  2 


52  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 


note; 


distinctly  represent  it  unto  your  Majesty  than  by  some  short 
upon  certain  new  articles,  which  have  been  propounded  on  the  on< 
side  and  the  other,  which  I  have  now  addressed  to  Mr.  Secretary 
being  the  ground  whereon  we  must  build.  And  your  Majesty  wil 
see  by  them  that  the  difficulty  doth  lie  rather  in  the  humours  thai 
in  the  things.  Therefore  it  is  lastly  fit  for  me  to  speak  of  thos< 
affections  that  have  an  influence  into  it,  as  I  find  them  either  visibb 
or  by  conjecture.  The  States  can  hardly  hide,  with  artificial  sup 
pression,  their  desire  of  quietness.  And  on  the  other  side  we  ar< 
well  informed  of  the  imperfections  of  the  Spanish  army,  and  o 
Neuburg's  wants,  by  intercepted  letters,  which  he  wrote  to  th« 
Bishop  of  Wormes l,  complaining  that  the  clergy  had  failed  him  ii 
the  moneys  that  were  promised.  Whereupon  doth  arise  this  doubt 
that  both  parties,  deeming  each  other  easy  to  yield  unto  an  accord 
may  peradventure  retard  that  which  they  seek  by  pressing  the  greatei 
conditions.  Brandenburge  hath  about  him  (as  I  have  said)  a  verv 
various  council,  full  of  suspicion  and  lentitude,  according  to  tin 
Almagne  natures,  and  more  now  than  ordinarily  for  two  respects 
first,  because  he  is  (as  they  call  him)  but  Mandattwius  Patrts,  anc 
therefore  must  proceed  himself  with  the  more  awe  ;  secondly 
because  his  own  resolutions  being  not  absolute,  and  his  agt 
deceivable,  this  doth  make  his  advisers  (as  we  find  them)  th< 
more  apprehensive,  standing  in  a  kind  of  obnoxiousness  to  t 
event. 

For  the  Count  Maurice  (to  consider  him  in  individuo)  no  m 
doubts  his  desire  of  war,  both  for  benefit  and  for  respect.  Reffu 
being  the  instrument  of  a  kingdom  distracted  in  the  temporali 
divided  in  religions,  and  under  a  child  contracted  with  a  late  ene 
of  jealous  power,'-  hath  reason  to  wish  peace,  unless  it  be  to  engagt 
your  Majesty  and  then  to  look  on — which  I  must  confess,  to  mint 
own  understanding,  is  the  slipperiest  point  of  my  charge.  Lastly,  the 
Provincials  groan  under  the  burden  of  two  armies  that  take  towns  at 
ease,  and  feed  upon  the  soil  that  belongeth  to  neither  of  them  both, 
while  the  pretending  Princes  lend  authority  to  their  own  ruins. 
which  causeth  in  all  corners  poverty  and  clamour.  And  if  none  oi 
these  considerations  will  help  us,  I  hope  the  winter  will  do  it. 

Thus  have  I  discoursed  unto  your  Majesty  a  few  of  mine  own  free 
thoughts  about  the  inward  part  of  the  business — I  mean,  the  passions 
that  lead  it ;  which  lines  your  royal  hand  receiveth  by  an  honest  and 
learned  gentleman,  who  in  a  little  person  containeth  a  great  deal  of 
zeal  towards  your  Majesty  and  courage  to  serve  you. 


1  Wilhelm  von  Efterm.  Bishop  of  Worms  1604-16. 

2  Louis  XIII,  who  married  Anne  of  Austria  in  1616. 


To   JAMES    I  53 

And  so.  with  my  continual  prayers  to  thpfio.l  <>!  jxace  and  armies 
or  I  lis  vigilant  love  over  your  sacred  person  and  estates,  I  humbly 
•est, 

Your  Majesty's  faithful  poor  vassal, 

Ottavio  Baldi. 
Mi    Weekes.1 

237.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

R  P.  Oer.  States,  dictated,  extract.     Spinola's  army  ;  a  visit  from  Spinola 
and  the  Duke  of  Neuburg;  the  meeting  of  the  envoys  at  Xanten. 

From  Santen,  the  xth  of  October,  1614. 
Style  of  England. 

...  To  Wesel  I  came  the  morning  after  Mons.  de  Reffuge  ;  for  I  had 

bund  some  inconveniences  in  arriving  jointly  with  him  before  at 

Rees,  and  less  dignity  in  it.     I  was  accompanied  with  divers  gentle- 

nen  of  command  and  quality  of  his  Majesty's  subjects 2  in  the  States' 

service,  who  on  this  occasion  had  a  full  sight  of  the  Spanish  or 

Imperial  army  (baptize  it  how  you  please)  at  the  fairest  distent n  and 

*how,  whereof  I  shall  speak  more  anon.     The  next  day  after  my 

irrival,    Mons.    du   Maurier    came    likewise    thither,  with   slighter 

eception,  and  lodged  that  night  in  a  tent  there ;  as  De  Reffuge  had 

Bone  the  night  of  his  arrival,  and  as  was  offered  to  me,  but  refused, 

>ecause  I  thought  it  more  congruous  to  mine  own  ends  to  lodge  in 

;he  town  of  Wesel,  especially  his  Majesty's  agent,  Mr.  Dickenson4, 

jeing  then  in  my  company  (who  was  come  unto  me  at  the  very 

point  of  my  departure  at  Rees),  and  could  not  be  well  accommodated 

vithout  separation  from  me  in  the  Spanish  leaguer.     In  Wesel  they 

md  prepared  for  Mons.  de  Reffuge  and  myself  distinct  partitions  in 

he  same  house,  which,  though  very  inconvenient,  I  let  pass  without 

exception,  imagining  that  therein  they  had  contemplated  their  own 

>ase  in  the  visitations  of  us.     Here  they  found  a  shift  to  hold  us 

*rom  Thursday  night  till  the  Monday  following.  .  .  . 

I  must  not  omit  to  tell  your  Honour  a  pleasant  passage  between 

1  Probably  the  Mr.  Weekes  mentioned  in  NicMs  (iii,  p.  537)  as  secretary  to 
Lord  Willoughby  de  Eresby,  commander  of  the  English  forces  in  Denmark. 

8  One  of  these  gentlemen  was  Sir  Edward  Herbert  (afterwards  Lord  Herbert 
4  <  Iherbury).  '  It  happened  about  this  time  that  Sir  Henry  Wotton  mediated 
i  peace  by  the  King's  command,  who  coming  for  that  purpose  to  Wezel, 
[  took  occasion  to  go  along  with  him  into  Spinola's  army.'  (Lord  Herbert, 
>.  151.) 

3  «  Distent,'  obs.  for  distension.     (N.  E.  D.) 

*  John    Dickenson,  Agent  of  James   I   at   Diisseldorf  to   the  Possessionary 

Princes,  Neuburg  and  Brandenburg.      On  Sept.  29  Wotton  wrote  that  ho  had 

ent  to  Diisseldorf  for  Dickenson,  '  who  through  his  long  experience  in  these 

•ountrios  (where  men's  minds  are  not  very  transparent)  will  be  of  great  use  to 

S.  P.  Hollawl.) 


54  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

the  Duke  of  Newbourg,  the  Marquis  Spinola,  myself  and  Mr.  Dickenson 
at  Wesel.  They  came  the  night  before  our  departure,  very  late,  to 
visit  us ;  where,  after  some  discoursings  interchangeably  a  la  rolee 
upon  the  whole  subject  now  in  hand,  the  Marquis  acquainted  us  (as 
it  were  aliud  agens)  that  the  Archdukes  had  sent  thither  their 
deputies  to  concur  in  this  treaty ;  whereat  myself  interjecting  that 
I  thought  the  said  Archdukes  might  spare  that  charge,  because  the 
two  Kings,  the  Princes  of  the  Union,  and  the  States,  would  be  as 
well  sufficient  to  mediate  the  present  accord,  as  they  had  been  to  put 
the  two  Princes  into  the  first  possession1,  he  replied  that  the  face 
of  the  business  was  now  much  altered,  and  so  much  that  himself 
and  the  Count  Maurice  were  Possessioners  of  the  whole  ;  '  for  the 
two  Princes,'  said  he,  'tengono  niente,'  which  I  think  he  repeated 
some  twenty  times,  laying  his  arms  very  familiarly  over  the  shoulders 
of  Neubourg,  and  both  of  them  for  a  good  space  equally  laughing, 
though  in  my  opinion  not  upon  equal  cause.  And  we  for  the  present 
time  bare  them  company  in  the  humour,  reserving  our  thoughts  to 
ourselves  ;  which  were  these,  that  perhaps  the  Duke  may  be  laughed 
in  that  fashion  out  of  a  province  or  two,  and  contribute  his  own 
mirth  to  the  matter. 

From  Wesel  we  brought  the  answer  of  Neubourg  to  Brandenbourg\< 
postulata,  whereunto  the  deputies  of  Brandenbourge  have  here  since 
replied  with  interposition  of  some  little  new  matter,  which  movec 
Neubourg's  commissioners  to  fetch  more  counsel  and  authority  froir 
the  Duke  at  Wesel,  while  likewise  the  Brandenbourgeans  did  stej 
to  the  Prince  at  Rees,  and  one  or  two  of  the  States  to  Coun 
Maurice.2  Between  which  answers,  and  replies,  and  rejoinders,  a 
alUes,  and  venues,  and  complimental  intervisitations,  and  preparato: 
conferences,  we  have  miserably  spent  the  days  of  this  week  ;  yet 


i, 


1  The  treaty  of  Dortmund,  by  which  the  Condominium  was  established 
1609. 

2  Wotton  himself  visited  Count  Maurice  in  his  camp,  as  the  Dutch  commande 
sent  his  general  of  artillery  to  Xanten  to  invite  the  English  and  Frenci 
ambassadors  and  the  Dutch  representatives  '  to  good  cheer  with  him  in  his  ten 
on  Sunday,  and  to  the  view  of  his  incomparable  army  (as  I  must  boldly  tern 
it)  \  Wotton  wrote  that  he  had  therefore  seen  both  armies,  and  conversed  witl 
both  the  generals.  (S.  P.  Ger.  States,  Oct.  10.)  Eichard  Seymer  (one  e 
Wotton's  suite)  wrote  to  his  brother,  Robert  Seymer,  on  Oct.  14,  'Upon  Sunda. 
last,  being  the  9th  of  this  October,  the  two  ambassadors  of  France  and  Englan- 
were  entertained  by  solemn  invitation  of  Count  Maurice  at  his  army  near  Rees 
whither  being  come,  to  entertain  the  time  until  dinner,  his  Excellency  gave  th 
ambassadors  a  view  of  his  whole  army,  drawn  forth  express  for  that  purpose- 
an  army  sans  pareil  for  their  number,  excelling  Spinola's  in  all  that  can  com 
mend  an  army,  in  so  much  that  I  have  forgot  that  I  ever  saw  Spinola's,  or  a 
least  would  exile  his  tottered  regiments  from  my  memory.  I  am  sure  (if  fore 
could  gain  liberty)  they  would  soon  be  frighted  from  these  confines.  Man; 
a  volley  of  shot  was  spent  in  honour  of  the  ambassadors.  Dinner  being  ended 
we  returned  to  Zanten,  where  we  expect  either  a  conclusion  of  war  or  peace 
{Add.  MS.  29,974,  f.  35.) 


TO  SIR   RALPH    WINWOOD  55 

[without  thus  much  fruit,   that  we  have  now  found  the  principal 

1' differences,  which  we  reckon  some  advancement  towards  our  purpose. 
But  before   I  speak  of  the  subject  itself,    I  will   entertain  his 

jj  Majesty  with  a  little  discourse  touching  the  body  of  our  assembly. 
We  are  a  full  Grand  Jury,  precisely  twenty-four,  two  for   his 

I 'Majesty,  two  for  the  French  King,  seven  for  the  States,  representing 

I the  Seven  United  Provinces,  three  for  Brandenbourg,  as  many  for 

rNeubourg,  two  for  the  Count  Palatine  Elector,  two  for  the  Archdukes, 

|  and  three  for  the  Elector  of  Coloigne.  .  .  . 

Tims  after  some  little  debatement  about  the  persons  and  qualifier- 
tions,  we  are  met  together  with  one  intent  (according  to  the  outward 
appearance)  in  this  town  :  but  to  bring  us  here  all  together  in  the 
same  room,  in  the  qualities  that  we  bear,  there  is  no  possible  means 
devisable  by  the  conceit  of  man,  considering  the  sundry  disputes 
concerning  preseance  which  distract  this  body.  For  neither  will 
IBrandenbourg  give  place  to  Neubourg,  being  the  heir  apparent  of  an 
^Electoral  House,  nor  Neubourg  to  him,  being  (since  the  death  of  his 
father)  an  absolute  Prince.1  The  States  likewise  will  by  no  means 
.give  way  to  the  Archdukes  ;  and  Monsieur  Schombergh  2  hath  also 
^acquainted  me  (to  my  no  small  wonder)   that   they  disputed   the 

.precedency  with  the  Elector  his  master,  or,  to  speak  more  properly, 
with  the  Duke  of  Deux  Ponts 3,  his  master's  representant  at  the  time 
of  the  baptism  of  my  Lady  Elizabeth's  child  ;  which  doth  make  the 

<said  Schombergh  now  abstain  from  all  intermeetings  of  the  State 
deputies  here,  save  at  their  own  lodgings,  lest  he  should  call  this 
point  again  into  question,  which  cannot  be  touched  without  much 
indignity.    • 

Among  which  puntiglios    the   French    ambassadors   and   myself 

-  have  likewise  our  share  ;  for  this  very  day,  being  visited  at  my 
lodging  by  them,  and  discoursing  how  and  where  we  and  the  States 
might  meet  at  several  times  with  those  of  Brandenbourg  and  Neu- 
bourg, his  Majesty's  agent  and  myself  were  contented  it  should  be  in 
the  forenoon  with  the  French,  and  in  the  afternoon  at  my  chamber  ; 
which  was  by  De  Reffuge  (as  I  must  be  bold  to  say)  very  presump- 
tuously refused  ;  affirming-  that  the  private  assemblies  at  the  time  of 

1  Owing  to  the  recent  death  of  his  father,  Wolfgang  William  was  now  Duke 
of  Neuburg. 

2  Hans  Meinhard  von  Schonberg  (1582-1616),  marshal  of  the  Palatinate.  Ho 
hold  an  important  position  at  the  Court  of  the  Elector  Frederick  V,  whoso 
education  he  had  superintended,  and  whose  marriage  with  the  Princess  Elizabeth 
ho  had  arranged.  (D.  N.  B. ,  p.  424.)  He  was  now  serving  as  a  colonel  under  Count 
Maurice,  but  the  Princess  Elizabeth  was  anxious  for  his  presence  at  Heidelberg, 

Wotton  had  instructions  from  James  I  to  urge  him  to  return.     (Everett- 
Green,  Ptincesses  of  England,  v,  p.  267.) 

hn  II,  Duke  of  Zweibriicken  (1584-1686  . 


56 


LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


the  treating  of  the  truce  were  all  at  the  chamber  of  Jeannin l — and 
this  even  in  the  presence  of  Mr.  Dickenson,  who  told  him  he  had 
been  misinformed.  And  for  my  part  I  desired  him  in  fair  terms,  not 
to  build  so  much  upon  a  mere  permissive  precedence,  but  to  use  it 
moderately,  and  to  take  it  (as  scholars  do  oftentimes  in  their  disputa- 
tions) pro  dato,  sed  non  concesso.  And  thus  we  parted  without  any 
more  passion. 

238.    To  Sir  Thomas  Edmondes. 

Stows  MS.  175,  f.  71,  dictated.     Negotiations  at  Xanten. 

From  Santen,  this  11th  of  October,  1614. 
Style  of  England. 

My  Lokd, 

By  Captain  Blunte,  going  from  hence  to  Bruxelles,  I  send  this 
unto  your  Lordship,  through  the  honest  hands  of  Mr.  Trombal,  to 
tell  you  how  we  stand. 

Santen,  by  the  courtesy  of  the  Marquis  (who  hath  withdrawn  his 
garrison  out  of  it,  though  with  assurance  of  restitution  in  default  of 
agreement),  is  the  seat  of  our  treaty — a  place  more  famous  for  the 
ancient  Roman  name  of  Castra  Vetera  than  for  any  modern  commodity 
that  I  see  in  it. 

In  propositions,  replies,  rejoinders,  allees  and  venues  (to  the  Prin 
of  each  side,  who  are  equally  distant),  complimental  intervisitatio 
and  preparatory  conferences,  we  have  miserably  spent  one  week. 

The  main  difficulties  are  to  find  an  even  partition  of  the  litigio 
Provinces  for  the  one  Prince  and  the  other  provisionally,  for  we 
no  farther.     Juilliers,  Berg,  and  Ravenspurg  against  Cleves,  Marc 
and  Ravensteyn,  are  found  unequal  in  the  balance :  because  on  th 
part  of  Juilliers  there  are  more  fortified  places,  and  more  houses  foi 
the  habitation  of  the  Princes.2 

This  is  the  principal  knot  of  the  whole  business.  The  seconc 
difficulty  is  whether  the  partage  shall  be  absolute  or  alternative3 

1  Pierre  Jeannin,  one  of  the  French  commissioners  for  negotiating  the  true* 
with  Spain. 

2  Many  difficulties  naturally  arose  in  making  this  division,  and  it  was  evei 
seriously  brought  forward  that  there  were  more  fish  in  the  rivers  of  th« 
territories  of  Juliers,  and  its  inhabitants  were  more  obsequious,  and  therefore 
pleasanter  to  rule.  But  as  Wotton  remarked,  '  in  treaties  of  this  kind  (whicl 
are  incapable  of  exact  equality)  we  must  resort  to  the  Italian  proverb  that  ch 
ruol  bevere,  bisogna  inghiottire  qualche  mosca '  (S.  P.  Get:  States,  Oct.  21),  and  finally 
after  '  much  agitation  of  brains  ',  a  division  was  agreed  on. 

3  The  party  of  Brandenburg,  who  had  the  better  claim  for  all  the  territories 
wished  for  alternative  possession,  as  they  feared  that  absolute  possession  woul» 
end  by  being  permanent,  and  that  they  would  only  obtain  half  the  inheritance 
— the  whole  of  which  they  claimed  by  right.     Neuburg.  on  the  other  hand 


TO   SIB    THOMAS    EDMONDES  57 

which  two  points  evacuated,  the  rest  is  very  reconcilable.  And  to 
you  i  Lordship  hath  all  (as  God  help  me)  that  I  can  tell  yon.  Where- 
with 1  commit  you  to  God's  blessed  favour. 

Your  Lordship's  to  do  you  faithful  service, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Bly  humble  service  to  your  Lordship's  virtuous  lady  and  all  yours. 


239.    To  Sir  Thomas  Edmondes. 

S/mn  MS.  175,  f.  87,  dictated.     Negotiations  at  Xanten;  arrival  of 
Count  Hohenzollern.     The  affairs  of  Brunswick. 

From  Santen,  the  25  of  October, 
1614.    Stilo  veteri. 

My  vbby  good  Lord, 

I  give  your  Lordship  kind  thanks  for  your  letter  of  the 
18th  of  October,  which  hath  found  us  still  at  Santen,  where  we  have 
almost  spent  an  entire  month.  But  wTe  are  now  come  so  far  that  we 
shall  conclude  within  two  or  three  days,  ou  fakt,  on  failli. 

The  personal  residence,  which  did  most  exercise  our  brains,  is 
accorded  ;  namely,  that  Cleves,  Marck,  Kavenstein,  and  Kavensburg 
be  on  the  one  side,  and  the  two  Dukedoms  of  Juliers  and  Berg  on  the 
other,  whereof  the  choice  to  be  put  to  lot ;  but  the  lots  not  to  be 
drawn  until  a  full  agreement  upon  the  rest,  about  which  we  are  now 
in  travail,  and  find  more  difficulty  in  the  humours  than  in  the 
tilings,  especially  for  the  accommodating  of  the  Barony  of  Monjoy, 
given  heretofore  by  the  Elector  of  Brandenbourg,  and  confirmed  by 
his  son,  to  Colonel  Ketler,  one  of  his  deputies  here  at  the  present  ; 
against  which  Nieuberg  doth  very  mainly  exclaim,  saying  that  no 
piece  of  the  inheritance  is  alienable  by  either  of  the  parties.  And 
although  Brandenbourg  do  offer  to  defalk1  as  much  from  his  own 
part,  if  he  shall  light  on  the  contrary  side,  yet  is  Nieuburg  not 
contented  therewith  ;  having  indeed  conceived  much  passion  against 
the  said  Ketler,  whom  he  pretendeth  to  have  been  the  principal 
instrument  that  did  traverse  his  match  with  the  Prince  of  Branden- 
hourg's  sister. 

I  The  aforesaid  Monjoy  doth  lie  on  the  part  of  Juliers  :  and  on  the 
rt  of  Cleves,  Colonel  Schomberg  hath  gotten  Hussen  into  his 
nds,  by  way  of  caution  for  good  sums  disbursed  by  him  in  the 
>V1 


hed   for  permanent  possession,  and   alleged   the  expense  and   trouble   of 
vinur   troops   and   changing   territories   every   six   months.      It   was   finally 
decided  that  the  possession  should  be  absolute. 
1  '  Defalk,'  i.e.  defalcate.     (N.  E.  D.) 


58  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

service  of  Brandenbourg  ;  so  as  these  two  colonels,  when  it  shall 
come  to  the  drawing  of  the  lots,  will  solicit  the  heavens  with  contrary 
prayers. 

Between  these  things  the  Grave  of  Hohensolern1  is  arrived  in 
quality  of  ambassador  from  the  Emperor  at  Spinola  his  camp  ;  and 
about  the  same  time,  as  it  were  by  way  of  counterpoise,  the  Grave 
of  Solms 2  and  Mons.  von  Biivinchousen  s  are  come  hither  in  the 
name  of  the  whole  Union,  but  without  any  purpose  to  interrupt  us 
with  any  new  propositions.  This  is  the  state  of  our  affairs  at  the 
present,  wherein  I  deal  more  frankly  with  your  Lordship  than 
you  do  with  me ;  for  you  say  nothing  unto  me  of  your  own  main 
business.4 

I  was  destined  to  Brounswick,  and  the  King  wished  me  to  send 
my  credential  letters  thither  beforehand,  as  I  did  by  my  secretary  ; 
by  whose  late  return  I  understand  that  my  own  going  is  suspended, 
and  the  differences  between  that  Duke  and  the  town  in  likelihood  of 
an  end,  through  a  notable  advantage  offered  the  said  Duke  by  the 
dissension  of  the  plebeity,  who  have  taken  the  Duke's  part  and 
imprisoned  their  superiors,  especially  a  turbulent  syndic  by  name 
Roerland,  who  was  the  incendiary  of  that  business. 

This  is  all  wherewith  I  can  entertain  your  Lordship  at  the  present, 
wishing  you  more  ease,  and  better  cheer  for  less  money  than  we 
have  here. 

Your  Lordship's  very  affectionate  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

I  pray,  my  Lord,  remember  my  humble  service  unto  your  worthy 
lady.     Tobie  Mathew,  as  I  hear,  is  at  Wesel. 

1  Count  Hohenzellern,  or  Zollern,  had  been  sent  by  the  Emperor  Matthias  to 
prevent  the  signature  of  the  treaty,  except  with  the  full  concurrence  of  the 
Imperial  Government.  He  also  renewed  the  old  proposition  that  the  Emperor 
should  hold  the  provinces  in  sequestration  until  the  right  of  inheritance  should 
have  been  settled.  (Motley,  Bam.,  i,  p.  350.)  On  Oct.  30  Sir  John  Throckmorton 
wrote  to  Viscount  Lisle,  '  Sir  Henry  Wotton  hath  carried  himself  very  worthily, 
in  an  answer  which  he  made  to  the  Count  of  Hohensolern,  the  Emperor's 
ambassador,  who,  seeing  that  he  was  not  visited  by  an  ambassador,  sent  him 
word  that  he  was  arrived  at  Weesell.  Sir  Henry  Wotton  by  the  same  party 
answered,  that  he  had  nought  to  say  to  him,  until  he  received  order  from  the 
King  his  master;  that  he  was  there  to  agree  and  compose,  by  amicable  means, 
the  difference  in  the  business  between  the  two  Princes,  and  that  they  had  done 
it,  if  his  legation  did  not  hinder  it ;  which  that  he  might  preserve  he  would 
truss  up  baggage  and  retreat  to  make  report  unto  his  master.'  {Sydney  Pp.,  ii, 
p.  333.) 

2  Count  Albert  Solms,  an  officer  of  the  Court  of  the  Count  Palatine. 

3  Benjamin  Buwinckhausen  de  Walmerode,  councillor  of  the  Duke  of 
Wurtemberg. 

4  The  proposed  marriage  of  Prince  Charles  to  Christina,  the  daughter  of 
Henry  IV,  about  which  Edmondes  was  then  negotiating.  {Gardiner,  ii, 
p.  314.) 


TO   SIR   RALPH   WINWOOD  59 

240.  To  Sib  Ralph  Winwood. 

>'.  /'.  Oer.  States,  dictated,  extract.  In  this  dispatch  Wotton  repeated  the 
account  of  the  negotiations  given  in  the  above  letter  to  Edmondes. 
He  then  adds  that  he  is  sending  his  apology  for  the  loss  of  Wesel. 

Santen,  the  28th  of  October,  1014. 
Stilo  veteri. 

...  I  have  suspended  the  sending  of  my  secretary  for  two  or 
tin*  <>  days  more,  within  which  term  I  think  we  shall  see  the  shore. 
And  by  him,  besides  the  accompt  of  these  things  here,  his  Majesty 
shall  receive  my  apology  touching  the  town  of  Wesel ;  of  which,  as 
oft (ii  as  I  think,  it  reduceth  still  to  my  memory  a  custom  in  practice 
(as  I  hear)  even  at  this  day  with  some  nations,  who  upon  every 
public  calamity  do  sacrifice  a  man  ;  which  seemeth  to  hold  much 
analogy  with  my  case,  for  I  have  now  furnished  the  altar.  But 
your  Honour  shall  see  that  I  will  present  unto  his  Majesty  better 
incense — I  mean  the  truth.     Till  when  I  humbly  rest 

Your  Honour's  faithfully  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

241.  To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Ger.  States,  dictated,  extract.    The  treaty  signed  ;  prospects 
of  ratification. 

From  Santen,  this  18th  of  November,  1618. 

.  .  .  Concerning  the  present  of  our  affairs  here,  they  stand, 
I  must  confess,  somewhat  strangely ;  for  though  both  the  Princes 
have  signed  and  sealed  the  articles 1  (which  I  sent  unto  his  Majesty 
by  my  servant  Cutberd  Milborne),  yet  we  dare  pronounce  nothing 
of  the  issue.  Only  we  are  now  sure,  either  to  make  a  quiet  end  for 
these  provinces,  or  an  honourable  for  our  masters,  and  a  blameless 
for  ourselves  ;  because  no  mediators  can  go  farther  than  first  to 
project  an  equitable  form  of  agreement,  and  then  to  induce  the 
parties  to  accept  it.  This  is  done ;  the  execution  dependeth  rather 
on  the  generals  than  on  the  Princes ;  wherein,  for  as  much  as 
belongeth  to  the  States,  we  find  no  backwardness,  but  the  deputies 
of  the  Archduke  do  interject  some  scrupulous  delays,  which  hath 
made  the  French  ambassadors  and  myself  resolve  this  very  morning 
to  write  jointly  to  Neubourg,  and  severally  to  the  Marquis,  letters  of 

1  Wotton  wrote  on  Nov.  2,  O.S.,  late  at  night,  that  the  treaty  had  been 
concluded.  The  treaty  of  Xanten,  signed  by  '  Henri  Wotton',  is  printed  in 
Dumontj  v,  pt.  ii,  p.  259. 


60  LETTERS   OF   WOTTOX 

round  language  to  retrench  all  farther  procrastination.  I  reserve 
my  secretary  to  bring  the  event,  and  all  the  circumstances  from 
my  last.  .  .  . 

I  must  crave  pardon  before  I  end  (feeling  at  the  present  a  little 
critical  spirit)  to  set  down  unto  his  Majesty  an  observation  of  mine 
own  about  our  treaty.  I  note  the  deputies  of  the  States  and  the 
French  ambassadors  (especially  Reffuge)  to  be  exceeding  eager  for 
a  quiet  end  ;  and  both  for  the  same  reason,  or  not  much  different ; 
the  States,  for  that  if  a  rupture  should  ensue  upon  these  distractions, 
they  were  likely,  in  common  opinion,  to  bear  a  great  part  of  the 
blame,  as  having  given  the  first  occasion  by  the  seizure  of  Juliers. 
The  French,  for  having  stayed  so  long  before  and  after  the  taking 
of  Wesel,  from  assisting  with  their  mediation,  while  De  Reffuge 
lingered,  that  by  the  loss  of  a  month  and  more  (which  would  have 
done  us  more  good  than  two  months  now)  we  are  cast  into  the 
winter,  and  thereby  the  Marquis  Spinola  made  the  more  secure  in 
his  delays  and  suspensions ;  because  he  may  think  to  make  his  com- 
position as  well  at  the  beginning  of  the  next  spring  as  now  ;  and  in 
the  meantime  feed  his  army  upon  these  provinces,  and  hearken  after 
the  changes  of  the  world,  and  the  advantages  of  occasion,  which  are 
the  true  fountains  of  military  counsel.  This  is  the  secret  difficulty 
of  our  treaty  to  my  understanding ;  wherein  his  Majesty  (whereof 
I  am  inwardly  glad)  hath  no  part,  having  sent  me  over  so  timely. 
And  when  the  French  shall  excuse  their  own  fault  in  it,  or  th( 
States  theirs,  in  expecting  them  so  long,  then  let  me  be  sacrificed 
which  yet  I  beseech  his  Majesty  to  receive,  not  as  proceeding  froi 
any  passion  in  me,  or  from  any  despair  of  a  good  conclusion.  Bui 
it  was  my  duty  to  unfold  this  point,  because  in  all  event  it  mm 
serve  for  a  great  argument  (if  it  be  well  handled)  to  draw  the  French 
into  the  quarrel,  whose  lentitude  did  difficult !  the  accord.  And  s( 
with  my  prayers  to  God  for  his  Majesty's  happiness,  I  rest 

Your  Honour's,  to  do  you  very  affectionate  service, 

Henry  Wotton. 

.  .  .  For  conclusion  let  me  give  his  Majesty  more  and  more  prob- 
ability of  a  speedy  and  good  end  of  this  treaty,  whereof  I  have 
received  some  new  arguments  from  the  camp  at  Wesel,  since  the 
subscribing  of  my  letter.  And  although  Mons.  de  Reffuge  did  write 
some  ten  days  since  into  Fraunce  that  all  would  be  accommo- 
dated within  eight  days,  yet  I  dare  not,  even  at  this  hour,  pronounce 
either  the  time  or  the  certainty.  So  as  I  am  the  better  politique, 
and  he  the  better  Christian,  because  he  hath  more  faith. 

1  <  Difficult,'  i.  e.  make  difficult.     Obs.     (N.  E.  D.) 


TO  THE   MARQUIS   SP1NOLA  61 

242.  To  the  Marquis  Spinola. 

Egerton  Papets,  Camden  Society,  1840,  p.  466.  Wotton's  English  dmfl 
for  his  '  letter  of  round  language '  to  Spinola.  The  letter  actually  sent 
was  no  doubt  in  Italian. 

Santen,  ^l  of  November,  1614. 

Excellent  and  Illustrious  Sir, 

Your  Excellency  knoweth  all  that  hath  passed  since  the  time 

we  have  continued  here  at  your  request,  and  therefore  (it  is)  un- 

isary  to  trouble  you  with  the  repetition  of  the  circumstances. 

You  know  likewise  that  this  present  business  is  already  brought 

tto  such  terms,  that  there  remaineth  no  mean  between  peace  and  war. 

Yet   for  all  this,  we  see  that  hourly  there  are  new  petty  scruples 

most  strangely  interposed,  either  to  delay,  or  absolutely  to  disannul 

that  which  hath  been  formally  sealed  and  accorded  on  both  sides. 

Whereupon,  seeing  that  eveiy  minister  (although  joined  with  others) 

ought  to  have  a  particular  reflection  upon  the  honour  of  him  by  whom 

i  he  is  commanded,  I  have  thought  it  my  duty  to  put  your  Excellency 

in  remembrance,  with  all  due  respect,  that  if  it  be  your  intent  to 

hold  the  places  taken,  peradventure  it  had  been  better  to  have  done 

it,  without  abusing  the    dignity  of  the  King  my  master  and  his 

crowns,  with  entertaining  discourses  here,  and  so  many  promises 

made  and  reiterated  to  his  royal  person.     Therefore  I  pray  your 

Excellency   to  deliberate,    not   only   with   magnanimity,   but   with 

your  wisdom  and  reality,   how  much   dependeth  of  that  which  is 

yet  to  be  resolved  ;  wherewith  I  heartily  rest, 

Your  Excellency's  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

243.  To  Sut  Ralph  Win  wood. 

8.  P.  Ger.  States,  dictated,  extract.    The  envoys  about  to  leave  Xanten  ; 
the  terms  of  the  treaty  not  carried  out. 

(Xanten,  Nov.  21,  1614,  0.  S.) 
Eight  Honourable, 

This  is  Monday,  the  21st  of  November  in  our  style,  on  which 

day  after   dinner,   the  French   ambassadors,    those   of  the   Union, 

the  deputies  of  the  States  General,  and  his  Majesty's  servants,  do 

depart  from  Santen   (where  we  have   been  precisely  seven  weeks) 

to  Roes,  having,  for  the  honour  of  our  masters  and  discharge  of  our 

own  duties  and  consciences,  done  as  much  as  I  think  could  be  done  (all 

circumstances  considered)  by  any  mediators  of  the  world.     For  first, 

the  articles  of  agreement  (formerly  sent  unto  his  Majesty)  have  been 

signed  and  sealed  by  the  Duke  of  Neubourg  and  Prince  of  Branden- 


62  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

bourg  on  the  20th  and  22nd  of  this  month,  stilo  novo  ;  next,  th( 
signatures  and  accords  of  the  said  Princes  have  been  reciprocally 
accepted  by  and  from  each  other,  though  not  without  some  precedent 
opposition,  even  after  the  signing.  And  lastly  the  said  articles  were 
in  every  point  approved  and  confirmed  on  the  23rd  of  the  same 
month  by  the  States  of  these  provinces  of  Cleves  and  Juliers,  etc., 
comprehending  the  gentry  and  capital  towns.  Notwithstanding  all 
which,  one  single  point  (and  no  more  in  appearance)  hath  dissolved 
our  assembly,  and  hitherto  hindered  the  execution.1 

244.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Holland,  holograph,  extract.    Wotton  writes  from  the  Hague  (where 
he  arrived  on  Dec.  1,  O.S.)  asking  leave  to  return  to  England. 

From  the  Haghe,  this  f7  of  December,  1614. 

.  .  .  Touching  myself,  if  the  King  our  gracious  master  shall  de- 
termine the  continuance  of  me  in  his  service  here2  (wherein,  or 
howsoever  it  shall  please  him  otherwise  to  dispose  of  me  I  will  obey 
him  cheerfully),  yet  I  beseech  your  Honour  that  by  your  intercession, 
I  may  come  home  for  some  little  time,  when  the  League  of  the  Union 

1  The  rest  of  this  dispatch  is  so  torn  as  to  be  illegible.  The  single  point, 
however,  which  hindered  the  execution  of  the  treaty  was  this — Count  Maurice 
understood  the  terms  about  the  Dutch  and  Spanish  withdrawing  their  troops 
and  agreeing  not  to  invade  the  disputed  territories,  as  valid  only  in  reference 
the  treaty  of  Xanten,  and  lasting  only  while  that  treaty  lasted.  Spinola  main 
tained  that  the  promise  was  absolute,  the  parties  should  bind  themselves  neve 
to  send  troops  into  the  Juliers- Cleves  domains.  This  would  have  bound  th 
States,  but  not  the  German  Catholic  Princes,  who  were  not  a  party  to  th 
promise,  and  Count  Maurice  could  not  agree  to  it.  Moreover,  just  as  th 
ambassadors  were  leaving  Xanten,  a  courier  arrived  from  Spain,  bringing  n 
a  ratification,  but  a  prohibition  of  the  treaty.  The  articles  were  not  to 
executed,  and  above  all  Wesel  was  not  to  be  restored  without  the  concurren 
of  Philip.  This  rendered  the  treaty  utterly  futile.  How  this  failure  wa 
regarded  in  England  is  shown  by  a  letter  of  Chamberlain's  to  Carleton 
Dec.  16  :  '  Their  proceedings  in  the  late  treaty  in  the  Low  Countries  hath  bee 
so  cautelous,  that  we  know  not  where  to  lay  the  fault  that  no  better  effects  ha 
followed.  Neither,  as  it  seems,  do  the  actors  or  ambassadors  themselves  we 
understand  how  the  case  stands ;  at  leastwise,  they  cannot  hitherto  make 
others  understand  it  clearly ;  so  that  our  old  friend  there  hath  imputation 
enough  ;  but  how  he  deserves  them,  God  knows ;  yet  he  is  generally  though 
not  to  be  for  that  turn,  the  rather  for  that  it  seems  he  is  not  sufficient! 
furnished  with  French,  but  negotiates  altogether  in  Italian.'  (C.  &  T.  Jas. 
i,  p.  353.) 

2  As  resident  ambassador.  Sir  Dudley  Carleton,  who  wished  to  leave  Venice, 
was  anxious  to  obtain  this  post,  and  in  a  letter  of  Dec.  22  Chamberlain,  after 
discussing  his  chances,  adds,  l  but  the  worst  I  gather  is,  that  Sir  Harry  Wotton 
would  build  his  tabernacle  where  he  is,  and  labours  to  put  off  his  extraordinary- 
ship  for  the  ordinary  place  ;  for  so  he  hath  given  out  to  divers  captains,  which 
I  am  sure  they  are  nothing  willing  to  hear  ;  neither  do  I  hope  shall  he  prevail, 
especially  having  given  no  better  taste,  either  there  or  here.'  (C.  &  T.  Jas.  I,  i, 
p.  355.)  On  Jan.  5,  1615,  he  wrote  that  Wotton  wished  to  remain  in  Holland, 
and  on  Jan.  6,  that  the  English  at  the  Hague  would  prefer  Carleton  there, 
rather  than  Wotton,  '  who  is  not  affable,  always  busy,  but  dispatching  little.' 
{Col.  S.  P.  Dom.,  1611-18,  p.  270.) 


TO  SIR  RALPH   WINWOOD 

shall  be  concluded,  and  so  return  again  in  other  quality.     Wherein 
I  humbly  beg  speedy  knowledge  of  his  Majesty's  good  pleasure  that 
I   may  settle   mine   own   thoughts  and  provisions.     And  so,   Sir. 
commending  the  care  of  me  to  your  noble  friendship,  I  ever  rest, 
Your  Honour's  to  serve  you  with  all  affection, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Sir,  it  was  a  wonder  unto  me  to  understand,  that  his  Majesty 
complained  of  infrequent  dispatches  from  me,  till  newly  I  heard 
that  three  or  four  of  my  messengers  were  at  Vlussing  together, 
having  overtaken  one  another,  while  the  former  were  there  every 
day  nattered  by  the  hope  of  a  wind. 

245.    To  Sib  Ralph  Winwood. 

Sf.  P.  Holland,  holograph,  extract.    A  League  concluded  between  the 
States  General  and  the  Union  of  Protestant  Princes. 

From  the  Haghe,  this  13th  of  December, 
1614.    Stilo  veteri. 

Right  Honourable, 

We  have  concluded  the  League  between  the  Princes  of  the 
Union  and  the  States  General 1  this  morning,  perhaps  sooner  than 
businesses  of  such  extent  are  usually  determined.  I  conceive  three 
causes  that  did  all  concur  to  the  hastening  of  it.  1.  His  Majesty's 
mediation.  '2.  The  precedent  preparation  of  the  matter  by  the 
Count  Palatine.     3.  The  quality  of  the  time. 

I  accompanied  the  two  ambassadors  •  at  this  final  audience,  and 
spake  first  to  this  effect:  that  since  the  said  ambassadors  were 
come  to  signalize,  or  rather  (as  I  might  well  term  it)  to  sanctify 
this  day  with  a  just  and  Christian  combination  between  their  Princes 
and  the  States,  I  thought  it  my  duty  to  accompany  them  publicly 
in  (his  act,  and  thereby  to  declare  the  sincere  conjunction  that 
Was  between  our  masters  and  ourselves  ;  assuring  the  States  that, 
as  his  Majesty  my  gracious  Lord  had  been  the  first  and  only 
mediator  of  this  alliance,  out  of  his  love  to  both  parties,  and  out 
of  his  judgement  of  their  good,  so  he  would  receive  extreme 
contentment  to  understand  the  conclusion  of  it.  Nay,  I  told  them 
that  I  would  pass  a  little  farther  and  say,  that  not  only  good  kings 
(who  are  the  images  and  representations  of  God's  visible  Majesty 
on  earth),   but  even  angels  themselves  (as   we  may  well  believe) 

1  On  March  28,  1612,  the  Princes  of  the  Protestant  Union  had  entered  into  an 
alliance  with  James  I,  and  now,  by  his  mediation,  they  formed  a  league  with 
Mates  General  for  mutual  succour.     {Gardiner,  ii,  pp.  140,  141,  162,  163.) 
-  Counts  Solnis  and  13 uwinckhausen  (ante,  ii,  p.  58). 


64  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

do  rejoice  when  they  see  good  combinations  built,  not  only  upoi 
respects  of  policy  and  utility,  but  of  conscience  and  zeal,  as  I  knew 
was  the  scope  of  this  League.  And  so  I  ended  with  my  best  wishes 
unto  it.  .  .  . 

To  me  Mons.  Barneveld  made  answer  with  exceeding  reverence 
of  his  Majesty's  royal  person  and  name,  affirming  twice  or  thrice 
and  very  seriously  (if  I  do  yet  understand  his  face)  that  his  Majesty's 
mediation  had  been  the  principal  motive  of  this  League,  with  many 
other  words  touching  their  affiance  in  his  royal  concurrence  and 
resolutions,  as  the  nature  of  the  time  did  require. 

246.    To  Sin  Ralph  Winwood. 

8.  P.  Holland,  holograph,  extract.     Wotton's  secretary  drowned 
while  crossing  to  England. 

Frorii  the  Haghe,  the  23rd  of  December, 
16U.    Stilo  veteri. 

Right  Honourable, 

In  what  perplexity  I  write  the  present  you  will  easily  conceive, 
when  you  have  read  the  enclosed  from  my  nephew,  Captain  Robert 
Morton  \  which  came  unto  me  but  yesternight,  touching  the  untimely 
and  disastrous  loss  of  my  secretary 2  in  his  passage  ;  wherein  what  is 
there  more  to  be  said  by  either  philosopher  or  Christian,  than  that 
which  our  blessed  Saviour  hath  not  only  prescribed  us,  in  the  form  o 
our  daily  prayer,  but  hath  likewise  exemplified  it  Himself,  and  as  i 
were  sealed  it  in  the  patience  of  His  own  end :    Voluntas  tua  fia 
Domine,  both  in  heaven  and  in  earth,  and  in  the  deep?  .  .  . 

I  am  little  curious  of  what  was  shipwracked  with  him  that  eon 
cerned  myself.     Transeat  hoc  quod  inter  fugacia  bona,  as  he  sayeth 
Only  this  doth  trouble  me,  that  mine  own  defence  and  discharge  from 
that  foul  ridiculous  bruit  about  Wesel,  which  I  had  reserved  til 
his  coming,  hath  run  the  fortune  of  the  rest.     But  therein  I  shall 
satisfy  his  Majesty,  by  his  favour,  at  a  little  more  ease  of  mind  and 
body  than  I  find  myself  at  the  present.    In  the  meanwhile  I  am  sure 
Mr.  Dickenson  will  bear  me  witness  that  I  have  cleared  that  report, 
both  at  Wesel  itself  before  the  magistrates,  and  at  Zanten  befo 
the  States  of  the  Provinces ;  not  in  truth  for  any  respect  of  myself 
(who  am  contented  with  mine  own  conscience),  but  in  regard  only 
of  that  qualification  which  I  bear ;  although  withal  I  must  say  that 
even  the  best  and  wisest  of  kings  should  be  surely  very  unhappy 

1  Sir  Robert  Morton,  brother  of  Sir  Albertus  Morton,  and  a  captain  in  the 
service  of  the  Dutch. 

2  Osbert  Mountford.  On  Dec.  22  Chamberlain  wrote,  '  It  is  doubted  that  his 
(Wotton's)  secretary,  Mountford,  the  doctor  of  physic's  son,  is  cast  away  coming 
from  Flushing/     (C.  tfc  T.  Jas.  I,  i,  p.  355.) 


[It! 


TO   SIR   RALPH   WINWOOD  65 

n  their  condition,  if  their  honours  were  subject  to  blemishment  upon 
v.  r\  imputation  maliciously  or  fondly  bestowed  upon  their  instru- 
ii. nts.  And  so,  Sir,  for  the  present  I  commit  your  safety  to  the  God 
if  Heaven,  resting, 

Your  Honour's  to  love  and  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 


247.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

\  I\  Holland,  dictated,  extract.  No  date.  Sent  with  John  Dickenson  on 
Dec.  27.  The  hindrances  in  the  execution  of  the  treaty  of  Xanten  due 
to  Spain  ;  Nicholas  de  Rebbe  ;  delay  in  Wotton's  dispatches. 

(The  Hague,  Dec.  27,  1614,  O.S.) 

.  .  .  Touching  that  corrupt  piece  of  intelligence  wherewith 
he  Mancecidor1  did  abuse  the  Archdukes'  ambassador,  and  he  his 
Majesty.  I  must  only  say  this,  that  it  is  vetus  ludns  for  men  to  beautify 
heir  own  misdealings  ;  and  I  have  observed  in  the  course  of  my 
ife  this  maxim  (which  every  day  doth  confirm  unto  me),  that  the 
-vorst  causes  are  ever  the  best  defended.  This  is  as  much  as  I  find 
lecessary  to  be  said  in  answer  of  your  aforesaid  letter,  for  the  matter 
>f  command  in  it.  Your  own  private  discourse  wherewith  you 
onclude  seemeth  upon  the  whole  matter  very  probable,  and  I  do 
retily  believe  that  the  Archdukes 2  and  the  Marquis  for  his  particular, 
ind  much  more  Newbourge,  will  be  glad  to  execute  the  treaty, 
>ut  I  think  that  the  King  of  Spain  (by  whose  nerves  they  move) 
vill  never  be  brought  unto  it,  without,  at  the  least,  the  countenance 
>f  a  war  both  by  sea  and  land ;  for  it  is  a  feast  for  him  (in  my 
>pinion)  to  fight  in  and  for  neutral  provinces,  while  his  own  are  at 
est. 

As  for  the  Emperor's  ambassador 3,  who  doth  tempest  (as  we  hear) 
n  Bruxelles  at  much  ease  against  the  whole  treaty,  with  protesta- 
ions  of  nullity  (as  protestations  are  cheap  in  Germanie),  the  truth 
s  we  laugh  at  it.  And  if  his  master  continue  to  dispense  his 
nvestitures  and  his  bands  so  frankly  and  so  familiarly  as  he  hath 

1  Don  Juan  de  Mancicidor,  secretary  to  the  Archduke  Albert. 

2  According  to  Cardinal  Bentivoglio,  the  Papal  Nuncio  at  Brussels,  whose 

ne  is  one  of  the  principal  authorities  for  the  history  of  these  negotiations, 
he  Archduke  Albert  was  (as  Wotton  believed)  anxious  to  carry  out  the  treaty 
>f  Xanten.  He  wrote  to  the  King  of  Spain  reminding  him  of  the  advantages  they 
iad  already  achieved  at  Aix-la-Chapelle  and  Mulheim,  and  warning  him  against 
ittempting  too  much.  '  Fortune  is  variable,'  he  added  ;  '  she  is  gone  when  we 
8M(  think  on't,  and  hugs  herself  when  she  makes  the  greatest  of  mortals  the 
greatest  of  laughing-stocks.'  (A  Relation,  &c,  by  Cardinal  Bentivoglio,  translated 
•y  the  Earl  of  Monmouth,  1654,  p.  149.) 
8  The  Count  of  Hohenzollern. 

WOTTON.    II  F 


66  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

done  of  late,  I  will  read  his  fortune  that  they  will  shortly  run  at  th 
value  of  my  Paulus  Quintus  his  excommunications. 

I  have  been  here  extremely  cumbered  with  a  certain  fellow  whor 
you  commended  unto  me  for  his  passage.  What  his  Majesty  ca 
distil  out  of  him  I  know  not,  but  I  will  be  bold  to  tell  you  m 
opinion  of  him.  He  is  by  name  Doctor  Nicholas  de  Rebbe  \  b 
profession  theologue,  by  misfortune  a  politician,  and  by  natui 
a  fool,  equally  destitute  of  both  those  parts  which  should  compos 
a  man  of  use,  taciturnity,  and  discretion.  Yet  I  have  cherished  in  hii 
his  devotions  towards  his  Majesty,  which  he  will  express  himse 
at  his  return  from  Utrecht  (whither  he  went  yesterday)  in  persoi 
having  been  either  advised  or  commanded  by  a  late  letter  froi 
Monsieur  de  Mayern2  (as  he  telleth  me)  to  come  to  the  King  fc 
some  important  piece  of  service  ;  and  thereupon  he  would  have  move 
me  to  some  disbursements,  which  at  first  I  civilly  refused  withoi 
farther  order  from  your  Honour,  because  I  would  fain  have  draw 
him  to  pass  his  advertisements  through  my  hands,  and  so  ha\ 
saved  the  King  both  from  the  trouble  and  the  charge  of  his  person 
but  seeing  him  eager  upon  it,  and  imagining  that  there  may  I 
aliquid  sapidum  in  fungo,  I  have  promised  to  let  him  want  no  goo 
means  for  his  conveyance.  Lastly,  touching  myself;  I  am  bot 
sorry  and  ashamed  that  my  messengers,  who  found  the  winds  f 
contrary  to  them  in  Vlushinge,  had  not  the  wit  to  pass  throug 
Flanders,  whereby  his  Majesty  was  moved  to  so  just  impatience.  A 
ways  I  am  sure,  that  for  every  dispatch  that  the  French  ambassadc 
made,  I  made  four ;  and  I  protest  on  my  troth  (whereof  I  have  man 
witnesses),  that  all  the  while  I  was  at  Santen  I  had,  between  visi 
ing  and  being  visited,  no  one  hour  of  rest,  insomuch  as  all  m 
dispatches  were  noctis  opera,  and  born  of  tired  spirits.  This  I  hoj 
will  serve  for  my  excuse  towards  my  gracious  master,  who  w«< 
never  before  offended  with  my  indiligence,3  although  I  am  guilt 
otherwise  of  too  much  imperfection. 

And  so  I  humbly  rest, 

Your  Honour's  very  really  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton, 


1  Two  letters  from  this  Nicolas  de  Eebbe  are  in  the  Record  Office.  In  tl 
first,  which  is  to  Winwood  (dated  July  ?,  1614),  he  asks  for  a  passport,  and  sa; 
that  he  wishes  to  be  described  as  '  Nicolas  de  Rebbe,  Gentleman  of  Flander 
Historiographer  of  Modern  Times '.  The  other  letter  is  to  James  I  (dated  1614  S 
in  which  he  begs  for  payment  of  the  pension  granted  him  eighteen  montl 
before,  '  as  from  his  experimental  knowledge  of  the  science  of  the  greate 
Cabinet  in  Europe  he  can  much  aid  the  King  in  reducing  his  enemies.'  (Gr 
S.P.  Dom.j  1611-18,  pp.  250,  264.) 

2  Sir  Theodore  Turquet  de  Mayerne  (1573-1655),  physician  to  Que* 
Anne.     (B.  N.  B.)  3  l  Indiligence,'  want  of  diligence.     Obs.     (N.  E.  D.) 


TO   SIR   RALPH   WINWOOD  67 

248.  To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

>'.  P.  Yen.,  holograph.    Note  sent  with  John  Dickenson. 

From  the  Haghe  in  Holland,  this 
27  of  December,  1614. 
Right  Honourable, 
This  bearer l  is  a  full  dispatch  of  himself,  in  whose  conversa- 
ion  and  erudition  we  have  all  taken  singular  contentment.     And 
I  must  give  you  many  thanks  (besides  other  favours)  for  that  letter 
»vhich  joined  him  with  me,  without  whom  I  had  been  very  naked. 
Thus  much  I  have  likewise  professed  to  the  King.     And  so  I  humbly 

Your  Honour's  really  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

249.  To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Holland,  dictated,  postscript  to  letter  of  this  date.    The 
drowning  of  Osbert  Mountford. 

From  the  Haghe,  this  29th  of  December, 
1614.    Stilo  veteri. 

I  have  now  more  particular  advertisement  than  before  of  the 
•mfortunate  perishing  of  my  secretary,  who  was  not  cast  away  upon 
;>ny  bank  or  flat,  but  in  a  sudden  gust,  by  swagging  of  corn  (as  it 
vas  thought)  to  the  lee  side,  wherewith  the  ship  was  ballasted, 
ogether  with  want  of  mariners  to  help  in  such  an  extremity ;  in 
vhich  point  Flemings  are  commonly  spareful  of  money,  and  prodigal 
)f  life.     But  the  will  of  the  Highest  be  done  in  all. 

250.  To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

•".  /'.  Holland,  dictated,  extract.    Wotton's  apology  about  the  loss  of  Wesel ; 

Dr.  Sticke ;  the  German  Protestant  Princes  threatened  by  the  Catholic 

League. 

From  the  Haghe,  this  12  of  January, 

1614<5>.    Stilo  veteri. 

...  I  hope  ere  this  time  you  have  received  divers  letters  from 
le,  written  since  the  departure  of  Mons.  de  Reffuge,  rather  in  truth 
or  entertainment  of  my  duty  than  for  matter  of  substance  ;  for  we 
re  here  merely  passive,  and  tied  to  attend  (quod  miscrrimum  est)  the 
ving  of  Spain's  humours.  .   .   . 

His  Majesty  receiveth  from  me  at  this  present  a  little  commentary 
pon  a  letter  which  the  Duke  of  Neuburg  sent  him,  whereof  he  sent 

1  John  Dickenson  (ante,  ii,  p.  53). 
F  2 


68  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

likewise  the  copy  unto  me.  And  I  have  also  opened  my  bowels  unt 
my  great  and  gracious  master  about  the  matter  of  Wesel,  wherei 
I  shall  never  have  true  rest  in  my  spirit  till  the  King  dissoil *  m< 
I  do  not  mean  by  his  grace,  but  by  his  justice,  which  is  his  eminer 
property. 

Sir,  I  want  your  favour  in  the  protection  of  my  (office),  but  I  am  nc 
so  unthrifty  to  beg  it  in  this  occasion,  because  I  thank  God  I  nee 
it  not. 

With  this  dispatch  there  cometh  the  Chevalier  Sticke  2,  amba.c 
sador  of  Brandenbourg,  of  whom  I  had  a  wrong  impression  give: 
me  ;  for  by  discourse  I  find  him  to  be  a  very  moderate  person,  an 
full  of  good  intentions,  and  one  upon  whose  judgement  and  integrit 
that  Electoral  House  doth  much  rely  ;  who  professeth  great  obliga 
tion  and  reverence  towards  his  Majesty,  and  did  use  his  servants  ver 
nobly.  Thus  much  I  was  bound  to  say  in  discharge  of  the  trutl 
and  mine  own  thankfulness. 

Out  of  Germany  we  are  battered  with  continual  voices  of  design 
upon  them,3  which  discover  themselves  more  and  more  ;  for  our  las 
news  runneth  that  the  Imperial  and  Popish  Electors  have  demande< 
a  garrison  in  Frankfort  to  contain  that  town  in  obedience,  which  ii 
re(spect)  of  the  Count  Palatine  doth  much  concern  his  Ma(jesty) 
who,  as  I  have  before  written,  is  a  principal  there,  (though)  he  be  ai 
accessory  here.  And  this  is  the  hazardest  point  that  I  see  in  but 
present  state  of  things. 

251.    To  James  I. 

S.  P.  Holland,  holograph.     Letter  sent  with  Wotton's  apology  for  the  1< 
of  Wesel,  undated,  but  sent  with  previous  dispatch  of  Jan.  12. 

(The  Hague,  Jan.  12,  1615. 
Sacked  Majesty, 

I  offer  at  this  time  unto  your  Majesty,  with  an  humble  and  ti 
heart,  my  discharge  from  that  damnable  report  which  was  bestow 
on  me  touching  the  town  of  Wesel,  wherein  I  am  so  tender  of  you: 
Majesty's  opinion  (which  I  have  long  sought  to  gain  in  some  degre< 
with  my  poor  travails)  that  the  clearness  of  mine  own  conscience  cai 
give  me  no  rest. 

1  {  Dissoil,'  i.  e.  assoil ;  not  in  N.  E.  D. 

2  Dr.  Sticke,  •  a  little  old  doctor,'  Wotton  described  him  in  his  dispatch  o 
Dec.  29,  1614,  who  was  going  to  England  to  thank  James  I  for  arranging  th< 
League  between  the  Union  and  the  States. 

3  On  Dec.  13,  1614,  Wotton  wrote  that  if  the  King  of  Spain  could  have  peact 
with  James,  and  a  truce  with  the  States,  he  could  'swallow  up  the  Germar 
Protestants  in  a  week '.  He  also  reported  Count  Maurice's  belief  that  tht 
Spaniards  meant  to  attack  the  Germans,  '  of  which  country,  though  descendet 
thence  himself,  I  have  never  heard  any  man  speak  more  slightingly,  being  witl 
him  an  ordinary  and  divulged  conceit  that  those  Princes  have  too  much  to  make 
feasts  and  diets,  and  too  little  to  make  war.'     (S.  P.  Holland.) 


TO  JAMES   I  69 

I  am  not  the  first  whom  idle  or  malicious  or  casual  rumour  hath 
njured.  And  I  consider  it  as  a  point  rather  of  glory  than  disgrace, 
rince  therein  those  mean  and  unworthy  vassals,  whom  Princes 
>mploy  in  their  foreign  services,  do  represent  in  some  sort  their 
uasters'  fortunes,  as  they  do  in  the  rest  their  wills.  For  your 
Majesty  well  remembereth  the  saying  of  a  great  monarch,  Regium  est 
(hi  bene  feccris  male  audire.1  With  thus  much  I  have  been  bold  to 
rouble  your  Majesty,  as  a  little  preface  to  my  defence,  that  cometh 
vith. 

Touching  the  public,  I  received  in  the  time  of  my  late  sickness 
he  copy  of  the  Duke  of  Neuburg's  letter  unto  your  Majesty,  upon 
vhich  I  have  made  a  little  commentary  for  your  more  particular 
nformation.  And  I  have  now  also,  through  Mr.  Secretary's  hands, 
riven  your  Majesty  an  accompt  of  those  formularies  which  your 
visdom  conceived  proper  for  the  accommodating  of  this  great 
msiness2.  Wishing  your  Majesty  the  fruit  of  your  own  excellent 
onceptions  and  intents,  and  many  peaceful  and  happy  years  added 
o  this,  wherein  we  are  lately  entered, 

Your  Majesty's  most  faithful  poor  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

252.    To  James  I. 

ICC.  MS.  318,  f.  12,  transcript.  Printed  in  Archaeol,  vol.  xl.  Wotton's 
long-promised  explanation  about  the  loss  of  Wesel  has  not  been  pre- 
served among  the  State  papers ;  there  is,  however,  an  unsigned  tran- 
script in  the  library  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  which  is  here  printed. 
It  is  undated,  but  was  evidently  sent  with  the  above  letters  of  Jan.  12. 

(The  Hague,  Jan.  12,  1614-5,  O.S.) 

May  it  please  your  Sacred  Majesty, 

Among  the  papers  that  we  lost  in  the  fatal  passage  of  my 
ecretary,  there  was  a  letter  unto  your  Majesty,  which  if  I  do  not 
evive,  my  heart  will  break,  as  vessels  that  are  stopped  from  vent 
-hen  something  boileth  in  them.  The  person  whom  it  concerned 
t'as  myself ;  the  subject  was  the  town  of  Wesell ;  the  essential  ques- 

1  BaoiKiKov,  e<pij,  iariv  cu  iroiovvra  ko.kws  olkovuv.  (Plutarch,  Reg.  et  Imp. 
iwphthegmata  Alexandri,  32.  Cf.  Pub.  Syrus,  'Regium  est  ubi  bene  feceris  male 
idire.'j 

1  The  'great  business  '  was  the  withdrawal  of  the  Dutch  and  Spanish  troops 
om  the  Juliers-Cleves  territories,  in  order  that  the  terms  of  the  Treaty  of 
anten  might  be  carried  out.  Count  Maurice  and  Spinola  having  disagreed 
>out  the  meaning  of  the  engagement  not  to  return,  neither  was  willing  to 
love.  The  first  proposal  was  that  the  engagement  not  to  re-enter  the  disputed 
rritories  should  be  made  by  Count  Maurice  on  one  side  and  Spinola  on  the 
her.  As,  however,  Spinola  might  be  removed,  and  his  successor  would  not  be 
mud  by  his  promise,  the  States  refused  to  accept  this  proposal. 


70  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

tion  is,  by  whose  default  it  was  lost  ?  Wherein  if  I  do  not  satis 
your  Majesty,  I  desire  never  more  to  behold  the  face  of  so  just  a  Kin 
nor  of  any  honest  man.  But  before  the  rest,  it  shall  be  fit  to  repe 
these  words,  which  I  received  in  a  letter  from  Mr.  Secretary  1  I 
your  gracious  commandment. 

'Now'  (sayeth  he),  'from  his  Majesty  I  am  to  acquaint  you  wit 
a  report  which  your  last  letters  en  passant  do  touch,  but  which  to  hi 
hath  been  confidently  delivered,  that  is,  the  States  had  with  as  muc 
vigilancy  and  expedition  prevented  the  surprise  of  Wesell,  as  aft 
they  did  of  Reez  and  Emerick,  had  not  you,  with  much  assuranc 
often  engaged  yourself  that  the  Marquis  Spinola  would  not  attem 
upon  that  town ;  which  bruit,  though,  his  Majesty  cannot  easi 
believe,'  &c. 

First,  I  was  bound  unto  your  Majesty  for  this  particular  advertis 
ment,  for  though  I  had  heard  before  of  some  such  voice  bestow* 
upon  me,  yet  I  could  gather  it  to  no  head.     Next,  I  yield  your  Majesi 
most  humble  thanks  for  the  reservation  of  your  belief,  which  I  recer 
as  an  argument  of  your  favour  towards  me,  though  it  be  a  piece 
your  own  usual  and  natural  equity.     As  for  the  matter  itself,  I  co , 
ceive  one  special  comfort  in  it,  that  they  who  told  your  Majesty  ho 
Wesell  was  lost  by  my  securing  of  the  States,  would   perchan< 
likewise  have  said  that  I  sold  the  town  to  the  Archdukes,  if  n 
honesty  had  been  as  questionable  as  my  discretion.     But  these  ar 
the  like  aspersions  are  the  proper  badges  of  public  servants,  especial 
in  democratical  regiments 2 ;  whereof  both  reason  and  examples  mig] 
easily  be  given,   if  it  did  not  more  concern  me  at  the  present 
rectify  my  poor  estimation  with  your  Majesty,  than  to  search  tl 
nature  of  the  place.     Therefore,  for  mine  own  discharge,  I  do  he: 
humbly  protest  unto  your  Majesty,  before  the  Author  of  all  trut 
that  I  never  engaged  myself  either  to  the  States  in  general,  or  to  ai 
single  man,  dead  or  alive,  either  by  probability  or  conjecture,  or 
the  least  imaginable  terms,  that  the  Marquis  Spinola  would   n 
attempt  upon  the  town  of  Wesell.     So  far  was  I  from  often  assurii 
them   thereof,   as  some  Vorstian  spirit3  hath   traduced   me.      F> 
I  beseech  your  Majesty  to  give  me  leave  to  ask  a  few  questions 
mine  own  case.     How  could  I  give  them  any  such  assurance, 
whence  should  I  take  it  ?     Did  I  bring  any  such  commission  fro 
your  Majesty  ?     Did  I  find  any  at  the  Haghe  ?     Did  Spinola  mal 
me  his  secretary,  or  the  Archduke  his  confessor  ?     Had  I  practist 
the  world  with  such  simplicity  to  trust  Italians  or  Spaniards 

1  Sir  Ralph  Winvvood.  2  'Regiments/  i.e.  governments.     (N.  E.  D.) 

3  i.  e.  some  follower   of  Conrad    Vorstius,   the  well-meaning  Arminian 

Leyden,  whom  James  I  denounced  and  persecuted  as  a  '  blasphemious  monster 


TO  JAMES   I  71 

t  point  of  their  advantage  ?     Have  I  purchased  before  so  little  credit 
in  the  cause  of  the  Keligion  ?    Have  I  been  bound  to  your  Majesty  so 
for  your  confidence  (wherein  I  joy  more  than  in  your  benefits), 
hould  I  now  betray  it  ?     Did  I  send  any  letter?     Did  I  receive 
my  message  that  might  concern  the  main  service,  wherewith  they 
not  here  particularly  acquainted?    And  is  this  a  State  to  be 
d  or  stirred  so  lightly  by  private  conceits  ?     God  let  me  not  live, 
if  I  be  not  confounded,  more  with  wonder  than  with  other  passion, 
he  monstrous  birth  of  this  senseless  report. 
True  it  is  indeed  that,  at  my  second  audience !,  I  wished  them  by 
>f  discourse,  ten  days  before  there  was  any  doubt  of  Wesel,  and 
twenty  before  it  was  taken,  not  to  collect  their  troops  till   more 
evident  necessity  ;  pressing  them  rather  to  a  resolution  about  Juliers 
which  was  focus  febris),  and  doubting  that  if  the  Marquis  should 
besiege  that  place,  or  seek  to  block  it  up,  and  they  oppose  him  with 
a  formed   army,  it  might  hazard  rupture,   which  was  against  the 
general  scope  of  mine  errand  ;  and  Monsieur  Barneveld  himself  (who 
tendereth 2  the  present  quiet)  did  advise  me,  the  evening  before  my 
said  audience,  to  use  some  such  speech  as  I  did  unto  them.     Some 
week  after  this,  or  thereabouts  (for  I  do  not  precisely  remember 
the  day,  nor  thought  I  should  ever  need  to  record  it),  Monsieur  Barne- 
veld. Sir  Joachim  of  Zeland 3,  and  one  Licklama  of  Friseland,  were 
deputed  to  confer  at  our  houses  with  Monsieur  du  Maurier  and  myself. 
At  which  they  asked  our  opinions  more  respectively  than  necessarily, 
whether  we  thought  it  fit  for  them  to  march  ;  the  rumours  being  then 
much  increased  by  a  bridge4  of  boats  that  was  built  at   Bergh5, 
whereby  it  was  concluded  that  the  Marquis  intended  to  pass  the 
Khene.     Did  we  resist  it  ?     I  remit  that  to  themselves.     Did  they 
ask  us  perhaps  too  late?     We  are  not  soldiers  by  profession,  but 
thus  much  (I)  will  be  bold  to  pronounce,  that  Wesel  might  always 
have  been  saved  in  one  day  from  any  of  the  nearer  garrisons  of 
Arnhem,  Zutphen,  Newmegen,  or  Skincksconce,  as  well  with   an 
handful  of  the  States'  men  as  with  an  army  (if  the  question  had  been 
only  to  save  towns  and  not  to  take  towns) ;  or  otherwise  the  Marquis 
might  have  broken  the  truce,  to  which  point  they  put  him  in  divers 
other  places.   Was  there  then  no  colour  of  raising  this  voice?   I  have 
searched    my   papers   and   myself,   and   I  find  only  a  letter  from 
Mr.  Trumbal,   your  Majesty's   agent,  unto  me,  in  answer  of  one 
which   I   wrote   with   knowledge  and   approbation   of  the   States ; 
wherein  he  speaketh  of  suspense  or  intermission  of  some  four  or 

1  On  Aug.  18.  2  'Tendereth,'  i.  e.  hath  care  of,  arch. 

3  Albert  Joachim  of  Ter-goes.     (Cat.  S.P.  Col.  East  Indies,  1518-1616,  p.  370.) 

4  ;  Biedge  '  in  MS.  ■  Rheinberg. 


72  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

live  days,  which  he  had  with  much  ado  obtained  of  the  Archdukt 
Albertus  in  a  private  audience  ;  which,  whether  it  were  performed  01 
no  (as  the  Count  Maurice  by  precise  computation  denieth),  is  now 
a  needless  inquiry.  Mr.  Dickenson  can  inform  your  Majesty  how 
far  I  pressed  the  Marquis  and  Monsieur  Pechius1  the  Archdukes 
representant  therein.  And  sure  I  am,  howsoever,  that  Mr.  Trumbal] 
did  relate  hither  what  he  had  done  with  such  caution  as  did  noi 
stay  them  in  their  proceedings  here  the  running  of  an  hour-glass. 
There  remaineth,  therefore,  only  the  question  how  the  town  wras  lost, 
which  might  easily  have  been  saved,  as  appeareth  by  the  promises. 
Wherein  not  to  keep  your  Majesty  long  from  the  solution  of  this: 
mystery  (for  so  I  might  call  it,  the  matter  being  indeed  wrapped  in 
a  few  clouds  of  state),  what  is  there  more  to  be  said  than  peccatum 
tuum  in  te  Israel  ?  The  town  of  Wesell,  notwithstanding  their  long 
engagement  to  the  Duchy  of  CI  eves,  seeking,  under  pretence  of 
impartiality  between  the  two  Princes,  to  maintain  itself  in  the  nature 
of  a  free  and  imperial  town,  or  as  near  as  it  might  be  ;  much 
animated  with  their  new  fortifications,  and  little  considering  the 
difference  between  the  burghers  and  soldiers;  not  distrusting  their 
enemies,  and  perhaps  jealous  of  their  friends,  lastly,  willing  enough 
to  be  helped  without,  but  not  within,  did  not  only  seek  no  help  from 
whence  they  might  best  have  had  it,  but  likewise  refused  the  assist- 
ance of  the  Colonel  Schombergh,  who  offered  very  nobly  and  timel 
to  levy  and  to  maintain  a  regiment  one  month  upon  his  own  char§ 
for  their  defence,  in  no  other  quality  than  as  a  gentleman  of  th( 
own  entertainment.2 

These  were  the  circumstances,  and  this  was  the  truth  of  tl 
action,  on  my  conscience  to  God  and  my  faith  to  your  Majesty. 
Wherewith  I  did  charge  both  the  town  itself  at  my  being  there,  and 
the  States  of  the  Provinces,  when  they  came  unto  us  about  their 
immunities  at  Zanten,  where  I  acquainted  them  with  your  Majesty's 
royal  declaration  of  yourself  in  their  behalf,  though  a  little  too  late 
by  the  fatality  of  their  own  folly,  which  I  likewise  have  made  known 
in  all  towns  and  to  all  persons  where  I  have  passed  ;  and  though 
I  am  ashamed  to  seek  witness  for  the  discharge  of  so  vile  an  imputa- 
tion, and  to  borrow  credit  with  your  Majesty  extra  me  ipsum,  yet  for 
the  better*  proof  of  my  sincerity  (which  wras  all  the  inheritance  that 
my  good  father  left  me)  I  most  humbly  beseech  your  Majesty  to 
inform  yourself  of  the  ambassador  of  Brandenbourg3,  now  coming 

1  Peter  Pecquius,  Chancellor  of  Brabant. 

2  The  town  of  Wesel  had  also  refused  to  receive  a  Dutch  garrison  which  the 
States  had  been  most  anxious  to  place  there.  The  presence  of  this  garrison  would 
have  saved  them.     (Motley,  Barn.,  i,  p.  345.) 

3  Dr.  Sticke,  see  ante,  ii,  p.  68 


TO  JAMES  I  73 

to  your  Court,  who  hath  understood  from  Monsieur  Barneveld's  own 
mouth  the  truth  of  this  affair. 

I  am  now  confident,  notwithstanding  my  disasters,  to  have  per« 
formed  all  my  duties  to  your  Majesty  ;  and  I  was  infinitely  comforted 
that  Mr.  Secretary,  when  by  your  commandment  he  acquainted  me 
with  this  report,  did  with  the  same  pen  assure  me  that  your  Majesty 
bad  undertaken  my  cause  at  home  in  that  poor  expectative1  which 
I  held  by  your  former  goodness.  It  was  a  double  favour  in  your 
Majesty  both  to  do  it.  and  to  do  it  towards  one  that  stood  in  such 
obloquy,  by  which  you  have  bound  eternally  unto  you,  besides  my 
other  natural  and  long  devoted  duties, 

Your  most  humble  and  loyal  servant. 


253.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

>'.  P.  Holland,  dictated,  extract.  No  date,  wrongly  endorsed  'about  Apr. 
1615',  but  written  before  Jan.  20  (see  note  2).  The  sending  of  com- 
missioners to  settle  trade  disputes ;  Wotton's  illness. 

<The  Hague,  Jan.  -,  1615). 

.  .  .  Touching  those  commissioners 2  which  his  Majesty  intendeth 
to  send  hither,  I  will  conjoin  with  them  my  best  endeavours,  I  hope 
with  good  success,  because  the  time  doth  well  favour  it.  But, 
on  the  other  side,  I  must  humbly  deliver  my  conceit  that  I 
think  this  open  interposition  of  matter  of  complaint  and  difference 
between  us  and  the  States,  at  this  point  of  time,  when  we  should 
most  agree  or  most  seem  to  agree,  will  do  some  hurt  to  the 
general  matter,  by  adding  encouragement  to  the  other  side  upon  our 
distractions.  .  .  . 

And  this  is  all  wherewith  I  will  now  trouble  his  Majesty,  being 
myself  at  the  present  under  the  hands  of  the  physician  and  surgeon, 
upon  an  extreme  torment  much  like  the  sciatica,  contracted  (I  know 
not  how)  from  cold,  and  sudden  changes  of  the  air,  and  crudities 

1  The  reversion  of  the  half  of  a  Six  Clerk's  place  (see  ante,  i,  p.  117). 

2  Clement  Edmondes,  Clerk  of  the  Council  (nominated  by  Wotton),  Robert 
Middleton,  and  Maurice  Abbot  (nominated  by  the  East  India  Company)  were 
appointed  on  Dec.  29,  1614,  commissioners  to  negotiate  with  the  States  General 
about  certain  disputed  questions  of  trade,  and  especially  the  commerce  to  the 
Spice  Islands,  which  the  Dutch  merchants  wished  to  keep  in  their  own  hands, 
to  the  exclusion  of  the  English  East  India  Company.  Grotius,  with  other 
commissioners  from  the  States,  had  vainly  attempted  to  arrange  a  settlement  in 
England  in  the  spring  of  1613,  and  this  English  commission  (which  arrived  at 
the  Hague  on  Jan.  20)  was  destined  to  be  equally  unsuccessful.  (See  Gardiner, 
ii,  p.  313.)  The  commission  for  these  negotiations  is  printed  in  Rymer's  Foedera, 
Hague  edition,  1714.  vii,  part  2,  p.  205 ;  see  also  Cal.  S.  P.  Col,  1513-1616, 
pp.  348,  369. 


74  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


of  the  wine,  and  neglect  of  the  beginning,  till  it  doth  now  so  much 
afflict  me  that  I  do  even  dictate  this  with  pain.1  And  so,  Sir,  I  wish 
you  more  ease,  and  much  happiness. 

Your  Honour's  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton 


254.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 


S.  P.  Holland,  holograph,  extract.    The  negotiations  about  trade,  and 
the  withdrawal  of  troops  from  the  Juliers-Cleves  territories. 

On  Shrove  Tuesday,  stilo  veteri 
(Feb.  21,  1614-5,  O.S.). 
Right  Honourable, 

For   the   better   discharge   of  our  joint   commission   we   have 
thought  fit  to  distinguish  our  labours. 

My  associates  (of  whom  his  Majesty  hath  in  truth  made  an  excellent 
choice  for  men  very  zealous  of  his  honour,  and  of  their  own  duties) 
have  formed  the  answers  and  replies  hitherto  in  writing,  ex  visceribus 
causae,  which  is  the  part  of  pain  and  judgement ;  and  I  have  assumed 
the  other  part  of  representing  unto  his  Majesty  an  accompt  of  their 
travails,  though  they  have  among  themselves  an  abler  pen. 

Now,  touching  mine  own  peculiar  charge  here.     It  is  the  eighth 
day  since  I  propounded  unto  the  States  that  expedient  which  hi 
Majesty  had  in  his  wisdom  framed  for  the  settling  of  our  presei 
suspensions 2 ;    in  the  representation  whereof  there  was  no  circm 
stance  omitted  that  his  Majesty's  letters  of  the  24th  of  Januai 
did  enjoin  his  humble  vassal. 

Monsieur  Barneveld,  in  the  name  of  the  rest,  and  of  the  Princ 
Maurice  (who  hath  been  present  yet  at  all  my  audiences),  after  man; 
thanks  for  his  Majesty's  continual  care  of  the  public,  and  of  thei 
in  particular,  made  answer  that  it  should  be  put  into  deliberation, 
and  such  respect  had  of  it  as  became  their  reverence  and  obligations 
towards  his  Majesty,  and  the  gravity  of  the  subject  now  in  hand. 
And  so  he  ended  his  speech  with  some  few  preparatives  of  patience, 
as  his  manner  is.    And  accordingly  some  three  days  after,  Sir  Joachim 

1  In  a  letter  to  Sir  John  Throckmorton,  Wotton  says  that  the  cold  weather  at 
Xanten  had  caused  his  illness      (S.  P.  Holland,  Jan.  15.) 

2  The  Dutch  having  refused  to  agree  to  a  promise  to  withdraw  from  the  dis- 
puted territories,  made  in  Spinola's  name,  the  Archdukes  proposed  an  engagement 
to  be  made  in  their  own  name  on  the  one  side,  and  that  of  the  States  on  the 
other,  not  to  re-enter  the  pi'ovinces,  '  soubs  quelque  nom  ou  pretcxte  que  ce  soit.'' 
James  I  wrote  on  Jan.  24  to  Wotton,  telling  him  to  urge  the  States  to  accept  this 
formulary.  He  added  that  the  formulary  was  not  to  be  understood  to  mean 
that  the  States  could  not  help  their  German  allies,  and  offered  to  bind  himself, 
and  attempt  to  bind  the  French  King,  to  come  to  their  aid  if  the  treaty  were 
violated.     (S,  P.  Holland.) 


TO   SIR   RALPH   WINWOOD  75 

of  Xeland  and  Coenders  of  Gronigen  were  by  public  deputation  sent 
to  my  house,  to  tell  me  that  the  deputies  of  the  States  General 
had  found  it  necessary  to  communicate  my  proposition  with  the 
Provinces,  whence  several  deputies  were  expected  here  the  week 
following,  for  other  occasions  ;  and  therefore  they  prayed  me  not 
to  attribute  the  delay  of  four  or  five  days  more  or  less  to  any  want 
of  respect  towards  his  Majesty,  sithence  a  point  of  such  weight  could 
not  bo  well  concluded  without  the  general  assent.  This  was  all  the 
subject  of  their  visitation.  The  Count  Maurice  himself  hath  likewise 
been  with  me  at  mine  own  lodging,  and  I  have  been  with  Barneveld 
;it  his,  and  there  hath  passed  between  us  large  discourse,  sometimes 
very  calm  and  fair,  and  sometimes  not  without  a  little  passion,  or  at  least 
vehemence  ;  both  of  them  agreeing  in  the  very  same  objection  (which 
his  Majesty  toucheth  in  his  foresaid  dispatch),  namely,  that  the 
formulary  which  the  Archdukes  had  sent  his  Majesty,  and  which 
I  now  represented  unto  them,  was  crambe  bis  cocta,  wherein  nothing 
had  been  changed  but  the  persons.  I  told  them  (as  I  had  done 
before  to  the  whole  body)  that  his  Majesty  had  very  well  considered 
this  point,  and  would  never  have  consented  to  propound  it  again 
(having  been  once  refused)  without  very  due  correctives  against 
the  malignity  thereof,  which  made  it  (as  he  conceived)  before  so 
indigestible.  I  find  them  upon  the  whole  matter  much  distracted 
between  a  willingness  to  satisfy  his  Majesty,  and  a  fear  to  be  deceived 
by  the  Spaniard. 

255.    To  Nicholas  Pey. 

C.C.C.  MS.  318,  f.  10  (printed,  Archaeol.,  xl),  dictated,  signature  and  post- 
script holograph.  Wotton's  explanation  about  the  loss  of  Wesel 
accepted  by  the  King. 

Haghe,  this  20th  of  March,  1614<5>. 
Sir, 

I  am  so  tired  with  public  dispatches  that  I  must  take  the  liberty 
to  ease  both  you  and  myself  with  a  better  hand.  This  is  only 
indeed  to  thank  you  for  such  letters  as  I  have  heretofore  received 
from  you,  which  were  full  of  love  and  good  advertisement.  I 
was  tender  to  answer  them  while  I  stood  under  black  reports ;  but 
you  may  now  receive  my  letters  without  any  fear  of  contagion, 
for  I  am  purged  of  my  leprosy,  having  my  assoilment  from  the  King 
himself. 

So  you  see  how  the  world  is  changed  with  me,  that  whereas 
heretofore,  in  some  man's  favourable  voice,  I  was  perchance  allowed 
the  pretence  of  a  little  merit,  I  am  now  fain  to  brag  of  innocency. 
Well,  Sir,  I  will  neither  trouble  you  nor  myself  any  more  with  these 


76  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

discourses.  The  substantial  point  is  to  have  money  ;  for  without 
that  bladder  we  cannot  swim.  I  pray  solicit  my  Lord  Treasurer  I 
for  me  according  to  those  notes  that  you  shall  receive  from  this 
gentleman.  And  so,  Sir,  reckoning  myself  for  many  kindnesses  much 
beholden  unto  you,  I  rest, 

Yours  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 


. 


I  take  it  unkindly  that  you,  who  were  wont  to  make  many  starts 
over  unto  these  Provinces,  have  stayed  that  humour  since  my  being 
here.  Well,  God  send  us  anywhere  cheerfully  together.  You  will 
easily  pardon  me  that  I  now  write  no  more  unto  you,  for  I  hear 
you  officers  of  the  Green  Cloth  are  angry  and  rebuked.2 

256.     To  Sir  Ralph  Wtnwood. 

&  P.  Holland,  dictated,  extract.     The  negotiations  about  trade. 

From  the  Haghe,  this  20th  of  March, 
1614<5>.    Stiloveteri. 

...  I  reserve  still  in  my  breast  his  Majesty's  commission,  received 
from  you,  touching  the  fishings  on  the  north  side  of  England  and 
Scotland  3 ;  it  is  indeed,  as  you  wrote,  a  tender  and  dainty  piece,  and 
therefore,  though  Monsieur  Barneveld  hath  been  with  me  once  or 
twice,  and  I  sundry  times  with  him,  yet  I  have  hitherto  forborne 
to  touch  it,  first  because  you  gave  me  the  freedom  of  taking  my 
time,  because  there  was  not  periculum  in  mora ;  next,  for  that  I  was 
willing  first  to  see  what  language  we  should  have  from  them  con- 
cerning the  commerce  of  the  Moluccos 4  and  the  Groenland  business 5, 

1  Lord  Thomas  Howard,  Earl  of  Suffolk,  Lord  Treasurer  1614-18. 

2  This  probably  refers  to  a  quarrel  (which  was  the  talk  of  London  at  the 
time)  between  Sir  Arthur  Ingram,  Cofferer  of  the  King's  Household,  and  the 
officers  of  the  Green  Cloth,  who  had  refused  him  his  '  diets '.  (C.  &  T.  Jas.  I, 
i,  p.  359  ;  D.  N.  B.,  xxix,  p.  12.) 

3  The  herring-fishing  on  the  north  coasts  of  England  and  Scotland  had  been 
almost  completely  neglected,  until  it  was  discovered  by  the  Dutch,  who  were 
now  sending  fleets  every  year  to  fish  in  English  waters.  In  1607  James  I  issued 
a  proclamation  forbidding  foreigners  to  fish  off  the  English  coasts  without 
a  licence.  This  proclamation  was  disregarded  by  the  Dutch,  and  Wotton  and 
the  other  commissioners  were  now  trying  to  get  the  rights  of  the  English  Crown 
acknowledged.     (Gardiner,  iii,  pp.  172,  173.) 

4  i.  e.  the  trade  to  the  East  Indies,  another  disputed  point  of  great  importance. 
The  English  claimed  free  trade  to  the  Moluccas  and  the  East ;  but  as  the  Dutch 
had  conquered  this  Eastern  trade  from  the  Portuguese,  they  refused  to  allow 
the  English  to  share  in  it  on  equal  terms,  unless  England  agreed  to  join  with 
them  in  maintaining  an  aggressive  warfare  against  the  Portuguese  and  Spaniards 
beyond  the  Cape.     {Ibid.,  ii,  p.  313.) 

5  The  whale  fishery  in  the  northern  seas,  to  which  the  English  claimed  an 
exclusive  right.  The  Dutch  would  not  acknowledge  this  right ;  and  on  this 
point,  as  on   the  others,   no  agreement  could  be  reached.     The  negotiations, 


TO   SIR   RALPH   WINWOOD  77 

from  whence  I  might  very  fitly  glance  upon  that  other  (as  I  mean 
to  take  occasion  within  three  or  four  days),  and  then  your  Honour 
shall  hear  from  me  how  the  point  is  tasted. 


257.    To  James  I. 

L-.liq..  1st  ed.,  p.  396,  no  date.  Dated  '  1615  '  in  3rd  ed.,  p.  280.  Wotton 
sends  an  account  of  his  negotiations  with  Clement  Edmondes  and  the 
two  other  commissioners,  who  returned  to  England  about  May  6,  which 
is,  therefore,  the  approximate  date  of  this  letter.  Wotton  repeats  the 
substance  of  this  letter  in  another  without  address  or  date  (C.C.C.  MS. 
318;  printed,  Archaeol.,  xl). 

(The  Hague,  May  6,  ?  1615,  O.S.) 

May  it  please  your  Sacred  Majesty, 
I  beseech  your  Majesty  to  pardon  me  a  little  short  repetition, 
how  I  have  spent  my  time  since  my   departure  from  your  royal 
sight,  because  I  glory  in  your  goodness. 

I  have  been  employed  by  your  favour  in  four  several  treaties,  differ- 
ing in  the  matter,  in  the  instruments,  and  in  the  affections. 

The  first  was  for  the  sequestration  of  Juliers,  wherein  I  was  joined 
with  the  French. 

The  second  for  the  provisional  possession  of  the  two  pretendents  ; 
wherein  (contrary  to  the  complaint  of  the  Gospel)  the  labourers 
were  more  than  the  harvest. 

The  third  was  for  a  defensive  league  between  the  United  Provinces 
and  the  United  Princes ;  who,  though  they  be  separate  bodies  of 
state,  do  now  by  your  only  mediation  make  one  body  of  strength. 

The  fourth  was  for  the  composing  of  some  differences  between 
your  own  and  this  people,  in  the  matter  of  commerce;  which 
hath  exceeded  the  other  three,  both  in  length  and  difficulty,  for 
two  reasons  as  I  conceive  it. 

First,  through  the  sensibleness  of  the  subject,  which  is  private 
utility.  Next,  because  it  had  a  secret  commixture  of  public  respects, 
and  those  of  no  light  consequence ;  for  surely,  it  importeth  more 
to  let  the  King  of  Spaine  dispense  alone  the  commodities  of  the  East, 
than  for  either  of  us  to  want  them. 

Now  of  the  three  former  treaties,  I  have  given  your  Majesty 
an  accompt  in  divers  dispatches,  according  to  my  poor  apprehensions. 
As  for  this  last,  that  they  have  eased  my  weakness  in  the  conduct 
thereof  (I  mean  my  good  associates,  by  whose  light  and  leadings 
I  have  walked)  will  ease  me  likewise,  by  your  gracious  leave,  in 

therefore,  came  to  nothing,  and  the  commissioners  returned  to   England  in 
April.     {Gardiner,  ii,  pp.  313,  314.) 


78  LETTERS    OF   WOTTON 


• 


the  relation.  By  them  it  may  please  your  Majesty  to  understand 
in  what  fair  terms  we  have  left  it,  somewhat  resembling  to  my 
fancy  those  women  of  Nombre  de  Dios1,  who  (they  say)  are  never 
brought  to  bed  in  the  place  where  they  conceive,  but  bring  forth 
their  children  in  a  better  air.  And  so  I  hope  that  our  travails  and 
unformed  conceptions  will  take  life  in  your  own  kingdom,  which 
will  be  more  honour  to  their  birth.2  For  our  parts,  I  dare  affirm 
of  these  your  commissioners,  that  now  return  unto  the  comfort  of 
your  gracious  aspect,  that  they  have  discharged  their  duties  and  their 
consciences  with  all  faithful  care  of  your  Majesty's  commandments. 
I  am  confident  likewise  that  they  will  give  me  their  honest  testimony; 
and  we  are  bound  jointly  to  profess  unto  your  Majesty  (from  whom 
we  receive  our  estimation)  the  respects  and  kindnesses  that  have  been 
here  done  us,  as  your  vassals. 

And  so  with  my  continual  prayers  to  God  for  your  blessed  being, 
I  here  remain,  till  your  Majesty  shall  vouchsafe  me  again  the  grace 
of  your  eyes, 

Your  Majesty's  long  devoted  poor  servant, 

H.  Wotton. 


258.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

8.  P.  Holland,  dictated,  extract.     The  negotiations  about  the 
formularies.     A  duel. 

From  the  Haghe,  this  ^  of  May,  1615. 
Right  Honourable, 

This  worthy  gentleman  in  his  return  this  way  after  a  painfu 
but  (I  hope)  a  fruitful  journey,  hath  found  me  here  not  yet  altogethe: 
free  of  a  fever  that  I  had  newly  taken,  which  maketh  me  now  th 
more   unfit   to   entertain   your   Honour  with   any  long   discou 
besides  my  late   dispatches,    since  when  the  face  of  our  business 
is   nothing   changed.3     I   must  be  bold  to  call  it,  as  astronomers 
do    some    stars,   trepidans   negotium.     Sometimes   it    appeareth   in 
constant  posture,    sometimes  it  shakes  extremely ;   and  the  Coun 
Maurice  hath  lately  told  me,  with  much  vehemency,  that  he  wi 
give  me  his  head,  if  ever  the  Treaty  of  Xanten  be  executed  on  th 
Archdukes'  part.    I  know  it  was  but  a  passionate  phrase,  and  yet  I  am 


in 

■ 


1  Nombre  de  Dios,  Panama. 

2  In  November,  1618,  commissioners  came  from  the  States  to  London  for  the 
purpose  of  settling  these  disputed  points.  A  treaty  was  finally  agreed  upon  and 
signed  June  2,  1619.     (Gardiner,  iii,  p.  179.) 

3  The  States  having  refused  to  accept  a  promise  from  the  Archdukes  only, 
James  I  had  proposed  on  April  27  that  the  promise  should  be  made  to  the 
Kings  of  England  and  France, 
above  dispatch  was  written  before  the  answer  had  arrived 


TO   SIR  RALPH   WINWOOD  79 

bound  in  duty  to  set  it  down,  of  which  matters  I  shall  be  able  to  say 
more  within  a  few  days,  for  we  grow  now  towards  the  pressing 
season  of  action,  so  as  we  hope  to  know  quickly  what  hath  been 
done  in  Italy,1  and  what  will  be  done  here,  which  though  they 
be  distant  places,  are  very  connexed  affairs.  .  .  . 

Sir  Walter  Kawley's  son 2  being  come  over  hither  to  fight  with 
one  Jaye  of  his  own  shire  upon  a  quarrel  (which  they  determined 
to  end  at  Utrecht),  myself  informed  thereof  (though  to  cover  their 
intent  they  did  at  Leyden  eat  together),  I  have  by  the  Count  Maurice 
his  authority  caused  the  said  Rawley  to  be  brought  hither  by 
Quartermaster  Gouldinge,  who  was  employed  in  it :  which  I  think 
will  rather  defer  than  prevent  this  evil,  for  the  difference  between 
them  is  irreconcilable,  Jaye  having  some  four  or  five  months  since 
been  dangerously  hurt  by  the  other  in  a  private  chamber,  and 
Rawley  being  so  far  from  avoiding  the  challenge,  that  (as  it  is  thought) 
he  hath  only  gotten  leave  to  travel  for  this  purpose.  But  I  will 
trouble  you,  Sir,  no  longer  with  these  private  advertisements  ;  there- 
fore committing  you  to  God's  blessed  favour  I  rest, 

Your  Honour's  faithfully  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

259.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Holland,  holograph.    Wotton  recommends  Franceso  Biondi 
to  Winwood. 

From  the  Haghe,  this  first  of  June,  1615. 
Style  of  the  place. 
Right  Honourable, 

I  will  take  the  boldness  to  recommend  humbly  unto  your  favour 
this  Italian  gentleman,  by  name  Francesco  Biondi,  who  hath  been 
long  devoted  unto  his  Majesty,  and  to  the  service  of  our  State  and 
Church,  and  was,  in  the  time  of  the  variance  between  the  Pope 
and  the  Signory  of  Venice,  sent  unto  the  King,  by  the  best  persons 
of  that  place,  with  some  good  propositions.3  In  which  business 
he  carried  himself  with  such  discretion  and  zeal,  as  I  had  command- 

1  The  Duke  of  Savoy  was  still  at  war  with  Spain,  and  had  sent  Count 
Scarnafissi  to  beg  assistance  from  the  Dutch.  On  May  4  Wotton  wrote  that 
the  States  had  not  made  an  answer  yet  to  this  request,  i  but  I  think  it  will  be 
much  like  that  of  the  virgins  in  the  parable,  who  would  lend  none  of  their  oil, 
because  their  own  lamps  would  need  it.'  (S.  P.  Holland.)  Wotton  was  instructed 
to  urge  the  States  to  help  Savoy ;  and,  partly  to  please  James  I,  Count  John  of 
Nassau  was  sent  with  a  small  body  of  well-disciplined  Dutch  troops.  (Motley, 
Barn.,  ii,  p.  37.) 

8  Walter  Raleigh,  born  1593,  killed  at  St.  Thome  1618.  Ben  Jonson,  who 
accompanied  him  abroad  in  1613,  described  him  as  '  knavishly  inclined '. 
(D.  N.  B.,  xlvii,  p.  204.) 

3  Ante,  i,  pp.  93,  447. 


80  LETTERS    OF   WOTTON 


ment  to  allow  him  a  yearly  provision  there  of  one  hundred  pounds, 
which  afterwards  his  Majesty,  very  graciously  and  willingly,  and 
I  may  in  truth  say,  not  undeservedly,  did  confirm  unto  him  by 
patent  for  his  life.  This  is  all  his  fortune,  for  his  conscience  hath 
separated  him  from  his  other  friends  and  means.  He  accompanied 
me  hither  (by  his  Majesty's  good  leave)  with  no  intention  at  first 
of  so  long  stay,  which  hath  been  drawn  on  with  continual  hope 
of  mine  own  speedier  return,  till  now  his  particular  occasions  recall 
him  before  me.  I  have  here  in  the  meantime  (as  your  Honour 
knoweth  by  my  former  dispatches)  made  some  public  use  of  his 
abilities  in  employing  of  him  to  Bruxells,  and  other  occasions 
that  have  concerned  the  Duke  of  Savoy. 

I  will  now  deliver  him  unto  your  honourable  hands.  He  is 
the  King's,  he  is  a  stranger,  he  is  of  sound  religion,  and  can  give 
a  good  accompt  of  it.  He  is  of  as  clear  and  trusty  conversation 
as  the  world  can  yield.  Lastly,  he  hath  been  well  seasoned  with 
learning,  and  trained  in  public  affairs  from  his  first  years  of 
practice  and  judgement.  By  all  which  attributes  he  may  in  some 
sort  challenge  your  support  and  favour,  but  by  nothing  more  than 
by  your  own  humanity ;  to  which  likewise  (though  with  less  merit) 
commending  myself,  I  ever  rest 

Your  Honour's  to  do  you  faithful  service, 

Henry  Wotton 

Sir,  I  have  nothing  to  say  unto  your  Honour  touching  the  public 
till  some  new  matter  from  the  Kings  or  from  the  Archdukes. 

260.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Holland,  dictated.  Postscript  and  signature,  holograph.  Sent  I 
Richard  Seyrner  (ante,  ii,  p.  54).  Wotton  asks  that  a  promised  suppl 
ment  to  his  allowance  might  be  paid  him. 

From  the  Haghe,  this  7th  of  June,  1615. 
Right  Honourable, 

I  was  heartily  glad  by  Mr.  Dowriche  *  to  receive  so  full  an  as- 
surance under  your  own  hand  of  your  affection  towards  me,  which 
doth  embolden  me  at  the  present  to  make  unto  you  a  very  serious 
request.  It  is  that  you  will  be  pleased  to  authenticate  with  your 
approbation  the  enclosed  demand  of  20s.  per  diem  above  my  entertain- 
ment expressed  in  his  Majesty's  Privy  Seal,  which  was  promised  me, 
both  by  yourself  and  by  my  Lord  Chamberlain,  at  the  time  of  my 
dispatch,  upon  the  urging  of  other  men's  examples,  and  mine  own,  who 
had  five  pounds  a  day  during  my  employment  to  Savoye  in  the  same 
1  John  Douriche,  Appendix  IIT. 


TO   SIR   RALPH   WINWOOD  81 

quality  us  I  am  now  here  ;    and  it  cannot  stand  with  the  equity 
of  his  Majesty's  grace  to  make  me  inferior  to  myself. 

I  ho]>e  likewise  at  my  return  to  obtain  some  reasonable  proportion 
far  espial  money,  as  I  have  had  in  my  former  journeys.  But  this  other 
I  now  demand,  because  the  year  is  out  since  the  date  of  my  Privy 
Seal.  And  though  the  present  time  be  not  very  abundant  at  home, 
yet  I  beseech  you,  Sir,  let  not  that  respect  hinder  your  present 
charitableness  towards  me,  for  I  desire  only  your  approbation  of 
my  demand,  as  an  address  to  my  Lord  Treasurer,  which  both  you 
have  power  to  do  by  your  place,  and  justice  in  yourself;  and  for 
the  receipt  I  must  have  patience,  till  the  exchequer  be  fuller. 
It  is  but  .£365  in  all,  for  as  painful  and  as  chargeable  a  year  as 
I  think  was  ever  spent,  except  yours  of  the  truce.1 

Now,  if  there  did  need  arguments,  I  would  say,  as  I  may  rightly, 
that  my  other  extraordinary  charge  at  Santen  was  set  down  by 
me  far  under  foot,2  in  consideration  of  this  supplement,  which 
I  now  demand.  I  could  urge  more  reasons,  but  I  had  rather 
acknowledge  it  from  his  Majesty's  mere  bounty,  and  from  your 
own  friendly  regard  of  me.  And  so,  Sir,  I  commit  you  to  God's 
blessed  protection  and  love. 

Your  Honour's  faithfully  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Sir,  I  beseech  you  in  this  case  to  compassionate  a  poor  man  whose 
fort  unes  shall  wait  upon  you. 


261.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

/  tters  to  B.,  p.  44.     Sir  Edmund  Bacon  in  London.    Wotton's  dislike 
of  his  mission  at  the  Hague. 

(The  Hague,)  the  7  of  June.    Style  of 
the  place,  1615. 
Bib, 

I  hear  a  little  voice  that  you  are  come  to  London,  which  to 

the  voice  of  a  nightingale ;    for  since  I  cannot  enjoy  your 

>resence,  I  make  myself  happy  with  your  nearness ;  and  yet  now, 

uethinks,    I  have  a  kind  of  rebellion  against  it,  that  we  should 

>e  separated  with  such  a  contemptible  distance.     For  how  much 

love  you,  mine  own  heart  doth  know  ;    and  God  knoweth  my 

♦  •art.     But  let  me  fall  into  a  passion:  for  what  sin,  in  the  name 

1  In  1607  Win  wood  had  been  sent  to  the  Hague  with  Sir  Richard  Spenser  to 
present  England  in  the  negotiations  for  a  truce  between  the  Dutch  and 
pain. 

*  '  Foot,'  i.  e.  tho  sum  or  total  of  an  account.     Obs.     (N.  E.  D.) 

WOI  ION.     II  G 


82  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

of  Christ,  was  I  sent  hither  among  soldiers,  being  by  my  profession 
academical,  and  by  my  charge  pacifical  ?  I  am  within  a  day  or  two 
to  send  Cuthberd x  my  servant  home,  by  whom  I  shall  tell  you  divers 
things.  In  the  meanwhile,  I  have  adventured  these  few  lines, 
to  break  the  ice  of  silence  ;  for  in  truth,  it  is  a  cold  fault.  Our  sweet 
Saviour  bless  you. 

Servidore, 
Arrigo  Wottoni. 
My  hot  love  to  the  best  niece  of  the  world. 


262.     To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Holland,  holograph.     The  omission  of  the  Kings'  names 
from  the  formularies. 


From  the  Haghe,  this  19  of  June,  1615. 
Right  Honourable, 

By  the  opportunity  of  this  worthy  gentleman's  passage  into 
England,   I  hold  it  my  duty  to  acquaint  his  Majesty  that  as  yet 
there   is   no   order   come   (as  far   as   I   can  understand)  to    Mons. 
du  Maurier  to  join  with  me  about  the  omission  of  the  regal  names 
in  the  promise.2     But  they  are  here  advertised  that  he  shall  have 
commandment  to  that  purpose,  and  if  it  arrive,  then  I  am  sure  that 
the  States  must  yield  thereunto,  or  stand  alone.     In  the  meanwhile 
their  General  Assembly  approacheth,  which  must  be  our  critical 
day.     This  week  we  look  for  our  best  heads  here  again,  who  ha^ 
been  a  while  in  dispersion,  and  at  pleasure  abroad.    His  Excellency 
as  you  may  know  by  the  short  leave  of  this  bearer,  expecteth  alan 
but  in  other  opinions  the  year  is  too  forward  for  to  dream  of  a  league 
Only  I  am  afraid  that  if  the  towns  shall  remain  in  the  hands  of  eac 
side  one  winter  more,  the  very  sweetness  and  length  of  possessic 
will  increase  the  appetite.     This  is  all  that  I  have  to  say  at  th< 
present.       When    Mons.    Barneveld    shall    return,    who    (as    yoi 

1  Cuthbert  Milbourne. 

2  The  Archdukes  had  proposed  to  add  the  Emperor's  name  to  those  of  th 
Kings  of  England  and  France.  The  States  refusing  this,  the  Archdukes  thei 
said  they  would  waive  the  mention  of  the  Emperor's  name,  if  the  States  woul« 
agree  to  omit  the  names  of  the  Kings.  James  agreed  to  this,  and  on  May  1 
Winwood  wrote  to  Wotton  to  press  it  on  the  States.  Wotton  had  to  carry  ou 
his  orders,  although  he  had  previously  protested  against  the  conduct  of  th 
Archdukes  in  trying  to  coerce  the  Dutch  by  means  of  the  English  King.  '  Noa 
although  I  have  been  here  before,'  he  wrote  on  April  19,  '  little  beholden  t 
some  public  voices,  yet  in  the  conscience  of  equity  I  must  be  bold  to  say  fc 
these  people  where  I  serve,  that  having  yielded  (as  they  have  done)  to  th 
altering  of  their  former  promise,  the  Archdukes  shall  want  moderation  an 
perhaps  integrity,  if  they  press  them  any  further  by  his  Majesty's  means 
(S.  P.  Holland.)  What  made  the  matter  more  humiliating  for  James  I  was  th 
fact  that  he  had  been  deceived  into  believing  that  Louis  XIII  would  agree  t 
the  omission  of  his  name. 


TO   SIR   RALPH    WINWOOD  83 

know)  animate th  this  place,  my  matter  will  increase,  and  my  judge- 
ment upon  the  future.  Till  when  I  leave  you,  Sir,  in  God's  blessed 
love. 

Your  Honour's  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

263.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

8.  P.  Holland,  holograph,  extract.     Sent  by  Albertus  Morton.     No  news 
yet  from  France. 

From  the  Haghe,  1°  July,  1615. 
Stilo  veteri. 
Right  Honourable, 

This  morning  at  ten  of  the  clock  Monsieur  du  Maurier  came 
to  my  house,  and  passed  with  me  some  words  of  this  kind  :  that 
a  good  while  had  run  since  he  was  last  with  me,  out  of  continual 
expectation  of  some  new  commandment  from  Fraunce  about  the 
public  business;  which  not  yet  arriving,  he  could  no  longer  well 
abstain  from  visiting  of  me.  This  was  the  compliment,  at  which 
in  truth  I  was  more  amazed  than  I  hope  he  could  spy  in  my  face. 
For  at  my  last  being  with  him,  he  had  promised  to  come  immediately 
unto  me,  as  soon  as  he  should  receive  charge  about  the  omission 
of  his  master's  name  in  the  promise  ;  which,  by  his  now  coming, 
I  had  well  hoped  to  have  been  very  seasonably  sent  him,  especially 
having  both  by  your  own  last  letters,  and  divers  times  from  Bruxelles, 
been  advertised  that  the  French  King  had  yielded  that  point :  which 
finding  now  otherwise,  doth  much  trouble  my  imagination  to  con- 
jecture either  the  imj>ediment  or  the  reason.  True  it  is  (and  upon 
this  I  will  venture  more  than  ambassadors  are  wont  to  do  upon 
the  affirmations  of  ambassadors)  that  Mons.  du  Maurier  hath,  till 
this  very  day,  received  no  farther  from  his  King,  than  only  to 
sound  the  Count  Maurice  and  Mons.  Barneveld  how  far  they  would 
like  of  such  a  proposition. 

264.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  1\  Holland,  dictated.     Wotton's  departure  from  the  Hague. 

(Calais?,)  this  25th  of  August, 
1615.     St.  vet. 
Right  Honourable, 

I  departed  from  the  Haghe x  on  our  Bartholomew  day,  very  early 
in  the  morning.    The  Prince  Maurice,  with  his  brother  the  Count 

1  On  Aug.  3  Wotton  was  recalled,  and  Winwood  wrote  to  him  telling  him 
what  to  say  to  the  Dutch  authorities.     He  was  of  course  to  put  all  the  blame  for 

G  2 


84  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

Henry  and  others,  accompanying  me  as  far  as  the  bridge  of  Riswicke, 
where  he  first  received  me.  I  bring  from  him  and  from  the  States 
many  great  professions  towards  his  Majesty,  and  I  am  bound  (foi 
mine  own  particular)  upon  the  whole  matter  and  manner  to  believe 
them.  Of  this  I  shall  rencbr  the  King  an  accompt  at  mine  own 
arrival,  who  finding  at  Rotterdam  the  wind  very  contrary  against 
us,  both  for  the  issuing  out  of  the  Mose,  and  for  the  passage  tc 
Zeeland,  have  taken  the  other  way  by  Antwerp  to  Cales,  therein 
somewhat  favouring  myself,  who  am  an  ill  seaman,  though  I  have 
much  haunted  that  element. 

Now,  before  mine  own  coming,  I  have  thought  fit  to  adventure 
these  lines  by  this  post,  who  perchance  may  prevent  me.  They 
are  only  to  tell  his  Majesty  that  at  the  compliments  of  my  departure 
with  Mons.  du  Maurier,  he  touched  very  earnestly  a  piece  oi 
news  which  had  been  sent  him  (as  it  seemed  by  express  order} 
from  Paris  ;  namely,  that  a  certain  gentleman  of  title  had  beer 
dispatched  from  the  Prince  of  Conde1  to  his  Majesty,  for  the  im 
ploring  of  his  assistance  in  these  broken  times  there ;  which  he 
said  he  assured  himself  his  Majesty  would  not  embrace,  both 
in  his  wisdom  and  in  his  justice,  being  a  direct  opposition  tc 
sovereignty,  though  otherwise  coloured  with  beautiful  pretexts.  ] 
answered  that  I  had  heard  nothing  of  it,  and  was  now  more  bus} 
to  collect  the  accompts  of  mine  own  time  spent  here. 

But  well  I  knew  that  there  was  no  Prince  nor  private  man  unde 
heaven,  of  a  juster  heart  than  the  King  my  master,  as  had  clearb 
appeared  unto  the  world  in  his  whole  proceedings  ;  and  so  I  lef 
it.  The  rest  I  bring  with  me ;  and  in  the  meanwhile  I  humbb 
commit  your  Honour  to  God's  blessed  love, 

Your  Honour's  affectionately  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 


the  failure  of  the  negotiations  on  them,  reproaching  them  for  their  conduct,  whe. 
the  King  had  made  so  many  efforts  to  find  media  between  the  States  and  th 
Archdukes,  and  when  he  had  brought  the  Archdukes  to  listen  to  reason,  th 
States,  although  they  did  not  actually  refuse,  yet  delayed  the  acceptance,  whic 
seemed  the  stranger,  as  the  King  had  engaged  himself  to  the  Archdukes  the 
they  would  be  contented  with  the  omission  of  the  Kings'  names.  That  the 
believed  that  this  omission  would  be  to  their  disadvantage,  showed  the  Kin 
that  either  his  counsels  were  distrusted,  or  that  he  held  a  very  poor  interest  i 
their  favour.  The  King  blamed  them  that  the  countries  reciprocally  possesae 
in  Cleves  and  Juliers  were  not  restored  to  their  proper  owners,  and  declare 
that  for  his  part  he  was  resolved  not  to  intermeddle  further  in  the  busines: 
Wotton  was  to  tell  all  this  plainly  to  Barneveldt,  but  in  the  assembly  he  was  t 
4  speak  more  mildly  and  sweetly,  as  your  own  discretion  shall  best  advise  yoi 
for  I  design  you  should  come  off  with  a  good  relish  \  (S.  P.  Holland,  Aug.  3, 1615. 
1  The  Prince  of  Conde,  Henri  II  de  Bourbon  (1588-1646),  was  now  in  revo 
against  the  Queen  Regent,  Marie  de'  Medici,  owing  to  his  opposition  to  tl 
Spanish  marriage. 


TO   SIR   RALPH    WINWOOD  85 

265.  To  Sir  Ralph  Winwoop. 

K  /'.  Holland,  holograph,  undated,  but  endorsed  '  Sept.  1615 *,  and  written 
after  Wotton's  return  from  the  Hague,  and  before  his  access  to  the 
King  on  Sept.  10.     He  forwards  a  letter  from  the  States  to  James  I. 

(Sept.,  1615.) 
Right  Honourable, 

If  I  had  not  received  your  favourable  letter  by  my  nephew 
this  night,  I  had  been  with  you  to-morrow ;  but  I  will  now  take 
the  ease  which  you  give  me,  and  attend  the  King  on  Sunday  at 
Waynsteade,  unless  I  be  otherwise  advertised  from  you. 

In  the  meanwhile  I  beseech  you,  Sir,  to  acquaint  his  Majesty  with 
my  arrival  here,  and  to  present  unto  his  royal  hands  the  enclosed 
letter  from  the  States,1  which  they  hope  will  give  him  some 
satisfaction,  for  they  have  in  it  set  down  all  the  reasons  of  their 
own  jealousy,  and  of  the  tenderness  of  their  proceedings.  And 
I  have  thought  fit  to  send  it  before  the  King  shall  command  mine 
own  access,  that  his  Majesty  may  be  the  better  prepared  to  move 
any  doubts  upon  the  whole  matter,  wherein  I  presume  that  I  shall 
be  able  to  yield  him  some  contentment.     And  so  I  rest 

Your  Honour's  faithfully, 

Henry  Wotton. 

266.  To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph,  undated.  Wotton  writes  to  ask  that  Winwood  would 
pass  his  accounts  for  his  Dutch  embassy.  As  the  warrant  to  pay  him 
was  issued  in  Oct.,  1615,  this  letter  was  probably  written  at  about 
that  time. 

From  my  Lodging  in  King  St.,  this 
Tuesday  night,  (Oct.  ?  1615). 
Right  Honourable, 

Notwithstanding  a  little  febrous  indisposition  which  I  have 
felt  within  these  three  or  four  days,  I  had  attended  you  at  Royston, 
but  that  I  stood  expecting  when  the  new  Venetian  ambassador2 
should  have  access  to  the  King,  which  himself  likewise  expecteth, 
having  therein  used  Sir  Lewis  Leukonar 3.  If  his  audience  be  speedy, 
I  will  accompany  him  thither  as  a  point  of  due  respect.  If  not, 
I  shall  wait  on  you  there  before  him.  In  the  meantime  I  have  sent 
this  my  servant  humbly  to  beseech  your  Honour  to  give  expedition 
there  unto  my  Privy  Seals,  and  to  honour  me  with  your  attestation 

1  Now  in  the  Record  Office.     (S.  P.  Holland,  Aug.  31,  1615.) 

2  Gregorio  Barbarigo,  Venetian  ambassador  in  England  (in  succession  to 
Antonio  Foscarini)  1615-16. 

'Sir  Lewis  Lewknor,  Master  of  Ceremonies. 


86  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

about  the  20s.  per  diem  which  was  promised  me,  and  which  I  may 
very  justly  demand  both  by  mine  own  and  by  others'  example.1 
And  I  beseech  you,  Sir,  both  in  your  wisdom  and  in  your  love 
towards  me,  to  handle  it  so  favourably  that  his  Majesty  may  not 
conceive  it  to  be  a  suit. 

I  will  study  some  ways  to  return  you  an  accompt  of  your  kin( 
nesses,  and  I  will  ever  rest 

Your  obliged  poor  friend  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

267.    To  James  I. 

Beliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  447,  undated,  but  written  after  Wotton's  return  from  t\ 
Hague  (see  note  2),  and  perhaps  in  the  autumn  of  1615.  Wotton  beg 
the  King  to  have  his  grant  for  a  moiety  of  a  Six  Clerk's  place  confirmee 

<1615?> 

To  his  Sacred  Majesty, 

I  do  humbly  resume  the  ancient  manner,  which  was  adire 
Caesarem  per  libellum :  with  confidence  in  the  cause,  and  in  your 
Majesty's  gracious  equity,  though  not  in  mine  own  merit. 

During  my  late  employment,  Sir  E.  P.,  then  Master  of  the  Eolls, 
died  2.     By  his  death  Sir  Julius  Caesar  claimed  not  only  the  suc- 
cession of  that  place,  but  the  gift  of  all  the  clerkships  of  the  Chancer} 
that  should  fall  void  in  his  own  time. 

Of  these  clerkships  your  Majesty  had  formerly  granted  two  r( 
versions  ;  the  one  to  the  late  Lord  Bruce,  for  which  Mr.  Bom 
secretary  to  my  Lord  Chancellor,  had  contracted  with  him ;  tl 
second  to  me.  The  said  Bond  got  his  grant,  through  the  favour 
of  his  master,  to  be  confirmed  by  Sir  Julius  Caesar  before  his 
entrance  into  the  Eolls  ;  but  through  my  absence  in  your  Majesty's 
service,  and  want  of  pressing  it  in  the  due  season,  my  grant  remained 
unconfirmed,  though  your  Majesty  was  pleased  to  write  your  gracious 
letter  in  my  behalf.  Which  maketh  me  much  bewail  mine  own 
case,  that  my  deserts  were  so  poor,  as  your  royal  mediation  was 
of  less  value  for  me,  than  my  Lord  Chancellor's  for  his  servant. 
The  premisses  considered,  my  humble  suit  unto  your  Majesty  is 
this,    that    Sir    Julius   Caesar   may   be   drawn    by   your    supreme 

1  In  Oct.,  1615,  a  warrant  was  issued  to  pay  Sir  Henry  Wotton  such  sums  a- 
his  entertainment  of  20s.  per  day  from  June  1,  1614,  to  Sept.  10,  1615,  should 
amount  to.  (Docquet  Books,  vi.)  On  Dec.  15,  1615,  he  was  paid  £4  a  day  til  1 
Sept.  10,  being  the  day  of  his  access  to  his  Majesty;  £80  for  transportation 
£160  for  extraordinary  expenses.     (Issues  Ex.,  p.  182.) 

2  Sir  Edward  Phelips,  Master  of  the  Rolls,  died  Sept.  11,  1614.  (G  rf-  T. 
Jas.  I,  i,  p.  349.)  Wotton's  l  late  employment '  must  therefore  have  been  hu 
special  embassy  to  the  Hague. 


TO  JAMES   I  87 

authority  to  confirm  unto  me  my  reversion  of  the  second  clerkship, 
whereof  I  have  a  patent  under  your  great  seal.     Wherein  I  have 
just  confidence  in  your  Majesty's  grace,   since  your  very  laws  do 
restore  them  that  have  been  any  ways  prejudiced  in  servitio  regis. 
Your  Majesty's  long  devoted  poor  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

268.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Yen.,  holograph.     Wotton's  crossing  from  Dover. 

(Dunkirk,  March  26,  1616,  O.S.) 

T7k;ht  Honourable, 
After  we  had  been  beaten  back  from  sea  to  Dover,  and  there 
imprisoned  three  days  with  mists  and  contrary  winds,  we  arrived 
this  Easter  Tuesday  at  night  in  the  Roman  style1  all  well  in 
Donkercke,  where  I  find  four  companies  remaining  of  the  late 
Spanish  supply  that  came  by  sea,  the  rest  diversely  garrisoned  in 
the  country,  and  all  new  clothed  (as  there  was  good  cause)  by  order 
from  Bruxelles.  Mr.  Nevil2,  who  took  the  title  of  Westmerland, 
and  was  wont  to  hover  in  this  place,  is  now  at  Iper.3 

There  is  some  curiosity  here  among  the  Spaniards  (as  I  understand) 
in  inquiring  after  the  progress  of  Virginia  and  the  Bermudes ;  and  they 
have  gotten  a  little  vent  already  of  Sir  Walter  Rawleigh's  project.4 
'  This  accompt  I  thought  fit  to  give  you  of  mine  own  landing,  and  these 
other  menmlencias,  till  I  can  charge  my  paper  with  some  heavier  stuff. 

I  have  understood,  since  my  departure  from  London,  that  my  stay 

there  was  somewhat  uncharitably  represented  unto  the  King,  as 

he  were  a  miserable  man  that  should  lack  an  adversary  in  a  Court. 

But  I  rely  in  this  and  the  rest  upon  your  favourable  protection  of 

me.     And  I  can  say  this  for  myself,  that  after  I  had  moneys,  and 

the  Queen's  leave  and  letters,  I  lost  not  the  running  of  an  hour-glass. 

And  so,  Sir,  I  commit  you  and  ourselves  to  the  providence  and  love 

of  our  good  God. 

Your  Honour's, 

Henry  Wotton. 

I  have  sent  a  cipher,  according  to  your  Honours  direction,  to 
Mr.  Moore,  which  my  solicitor  will  deliver  him. 

1  Easter  Sunday  fell  on  April  3,  N.S.,  in  1616.  The  date  of  this  letter  is 
therefore  April  5,  N.S.,  or  March  26,  O.S. 

2  Edmund  Neville  (1560?-1630?),  the  conspirator.  He  claimed  the  Earldom 
of  Westmorland  after  the  death  of  Charles,  the  sixth  Earl,  in  1601,  but  his 
petition  was  not  heard,  though  he  may  have  been  the  next  heir.  (D.N.  B.,  xl, 
p.  247.)  s  Ypres. 

4  The  expedition  to  Guiana,  on  which  Raleigh  started  in  the  following  year 
June  12,  1617\     To  'get'  or  '  take  vent'  is  a  phrase  of  Wotton's,  meaning  to 
get  news  of. 


88  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

269.    To  James  I. 
S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph.     Wotton's  visit  to  the  Court  of  the  Elector  Palatin* 

Written  in  a  village  called  Grave, 
four  miles  from  Heidelbergh, 
this  23  of  April,  1616. 

Sacred  Majesty, 

For  those  things  which  I  have  treated  with  the  Count  Palatine,1 
they  will  best  appear  unto  your  Majesty  out  of  the  papers  that  come 
herewith,  and  shall  be  from  time  to  time  more  particularly  discoursed, 
as  I  pass  or  rest  in  those  places  where  they  are  to  take  their  effect. 
In  the  meanwhile  I  am  much  comforted  that  I  carry  with  me  good 
matter  to  exercise  that  honest  and  humble  zeal  which  I  owe  your 
Majesty  and  the  public  cause.  Touching  your  particular  service, 
first,  your  Majesty  doth  now  likewise  receive,  among  the  other 
papers,  a  relation  of  mine  endeavours  in  Colonia  for  the  discovery 
of  the  author  of  that  execrable  libel  intituled  Corona  Begia 2. 

Next,  having  in  this  Court,  for  your  Majesty's  sake,  been  as  kindly 
and  as  confidently  used,  both  in  conversation  with  the  Elector  and 
with  your  royal  daughter,  and  withal  their  counsellors  and  principal 
servants,  as  I  think  any  hath  been  before  me,  it  is  my  duty  to  give 
your  Majesty  an  accompt  of  the  place,  which  I  will  discharge  accord- 
ing to  my  capacity,  in  all  humble  freedom.     First,  it  is  a  Court 
great  sobriety,  and  of  very  regular  provision  and  attendance.     Tl 
Prince  himself  had  now,  for  his  own  entertainment,  not  above  thre 
or  four  titular  men  of  any  proportion  with  his  years  ;  but  some  wei 
for  a  while  retired  (as  they  told  us)  to  enjoy  the  pleasure  of  tl 
season  at  their  own  possessions.     I  do  not  find  the  Count  Palatine 
in  the  judgement  of  my  eye,  much  grown  since  your  Majesty  sa^ 
him,  either  in  height  or  breadth,  though  there  be  a  common  opinioi 
of  the  first.    Par  boutades  he  is  merry,  but  for  the  most  part  cogitative 
or  (as  they  here  call  it)  malincolique.3    [His  chiefest  object  is  money, 
and  one  principal  delight  architecture.4]      My  Lady,  your  gracious 
daughter,   retaineth  still  her  former  virginal  verdure  in  her   com- 
plexion and  features,  though  she  be  now  the  mother  of  one  of  the 
sweetest  children 5  that  I  think  the  world  can  yield. 

[Between  this  Prince  and  my  Lady  there  do  pass  in  outward  view 

1  The  plan  for  a  League  between  the  Protestant  Princes  and  Savoy,  and 
a  closer  friendship  with  Venice.  On  April  19  the  Elector  Palatine  wrote  to 
James  I  acknowledging  the  letters  brought  him  by  Wotton,  and  expressing  his 
approval  of  the  ambassador's  propositions,  about  which  he  said  he  would  consult 
the  Princes  of  the  Union.     (S.  P.  Ger.  States.)  2  See  next  dispatch. 

3  'Malincolique,'  old  form  of  obs.  melancholic.     (N.  E.  D.) 

4  The  words  in  brackets  have  been  blotted  out  in  the  MS. 

5  Prince  Henry  Frederick,  born  Jan.  2, 
grew  up,  but  was  unfortunately  drowned  in  1629. 


TO  JAMES    I  89 

father  kind  than  amorous  demonstrations,  according  to  the  solemn- 
of  the  Court.  For  I  understand  otherwise,  from  the  nearest 
interpreter's  intelligence  (which  is  her  Highness'  own  self),  that  his 
nature  is  not  of  itself  fro  ward  and  impliable.1]  The  domestic  differ- 
ences which,  in  the  beginning  and  some  good  while  after,  grew 
by  the  emulation  of  servants,  seem  now  to  be  as  well  settled  as 
they  can  be  in  a  Court,  and  by  no  means  more  than  by  the  severing 
of  the  nations  at  their  ordinary  diet ;  the  English  and  Scottish  eating 
together  and  the  Allemans  apart.  Only  of  late  there  fell  out  (as 
I  have  been  here  informed)  in  their  invitement  to  the  Court  of 
Wirtenberg,  much  disputation  about  the  placing  of  her  Highness, 
tor  that,  according  to  the  severity  of  the  German  form,  both  princes 
and  others  do  sit  in  public  feasts  above  their  wives.  But  having 
understood  that  the  Count  Palatine  did,  at  that  assembly  likewise, 
as  always  at  home,  yield  my  Lady  your  royal  daughter  the  best 
place,  and  yet  rather  by  way  of  convenience  for  that  time  only,  than 
as  an  example  that  should  stand,  I  found  myself  bound  in  my  own 
zeal,  besides  my  Lady's  commandment,  provisionally  to  sound  the 
Count  Palatine  about  that  point ;  telling  him  byway  of  collaudation2 
that  I  intended  to  advertise  your  Majesty  what  respect  he  had 
deferred  3  to  your  royal  name,  by  maintaining  your  daughter's  dignity, 
as  well  in  the  Court  of  Wirtenberg,  as  in  his  own  palace  within  our 
sights,  which  I  assured  myself  your  Majesty  would  take,  though 
it  were  a  point  otherwise  of  right,  as  proceeding  from  his  kindness. 

Hereupon  he  was  somewhat  troubled,  but  resuming  his  spirits  and 
that  resolution  which  he  seemeth  to  have  taken  from  others'  im- 
pressions, he  fell  plainly  to  tell  me  that  though  indeed  he  had  done 
it  at  Wirtenberg,  yet  he  could  do  It  no  more  ;  that  it  was  against 
the  custom  of  the  whole  country  ;  that  all  the  Electors  and  Princes 
found  it  strange  ;  that  it  would  turn  to  his  own  diminution,  which 
he  hoped  your  Majesty  would  not  desire  ;  that  Kings'  daughters  had 
been  matched  before  in  his  race,  and  with  other  German  princes, 
but  still  placed  under  their  husbands  in  public  feasts ;  that  in  the 
German  ground  he  did  compete  with  the  Kings  of  Denmark  and 
Sweden  ;  and  some  other  things  of  this  kind.4  I  replied,  that  as 
I   conceived  your  Majesty  would  have  been  glad  of  the  contrary 

1  The  sentence  in  brackets  has  been  blotted  out  in  the  MS. 

2  'Collaudation,'  i.  e.  commendation.     Obs.  or  arch.     (N.E.D.) 

3  '  Deferred,'  i.  e.  rendered.     Obs.     {N.E.D.) 

4  James  had  extorted  from  the  Elector  Palatine,  just  before  he  left  England, 
a  promise  that  Elizabeth,  as  the  daughter  of  a  King,  should  be  given  precedence 
over  all  German  princes  and  princesses  This  claim  was  not  justified  by 
precedent,  but  James  kept  insisting  on  it,  and  the  question  kept  continually 
cropping  up  in  a  vexatious  manner.  It  was  finally  settled,  though  in  an 
unsatisfactory  way,  by  the  retirement  of  Frederick's  mother  from  the  Court,  and 

~ "lizabeth  refusing  to  pay  visits  to  other  Courts. 


by  Elizab 


90  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


: 


resolution,  so  I  feared  you  would  be  too  sensible  of  this  ;  that  it 
had  been  better  to  have  denied  my  Lady  her  place  in  the  beginning, 
than  to  retrench  it,  when  she  had  kept  the  possession  both  in  his 
own  palace  and  abroad ;  that  I  thought  he  could  no  way  prejudice 
himself  by  honouring  his  wife ;  that  he  might  assure  himself  tha 
your  Majesty  did  desire  his  increase  and  not  his  diminution,  havin 
of  your  good  wishes  so  dear  a  pledge  about  him  ;  that  my  Lady 
was  not  to  be  considered  only  as  the  daughter  of  a  King,  like  the 
daughters  of  Fraunce,  but  did  carry  in  her  person  the  possibility  of  suc- 
cession to  three  crowns ;  that  she  had  now  brought  him  a  delicate 
child,  and  was  likely  to  bring  him  more,  and  therefore  did  merit  the 
kinder  respect.  These  motives  and  others  I  laid  before  him  in  the 
fairest  manner;  but  in  conclusion,  seeing  him  for  the  present  otherwise 
resolved,  I  besought  him  to  represent  his  reasons  unto  your  Majesty 
by  Colonel  Schonbergh  \  who,  for  this  and  other  causes,  was  deter- 
mined to  pass  speedily  into  your  Court ;  which  he  said  he  would  do. 
And  being  now  fallen  upon  the  mention  of  that  Colonel,  I  must, 
both  by  my  own  most  assured  information  here  from  others,  and 
by  her  Highness*  particular  and  serious  commandment,  give  your 
Majesty  this  accompt  of  him.  That  he  is  the  only  sincere  and 
resolute  friend  that  she  hath  found  since  her  being  here ;  that 
without  his  continual  vigilance  and  power  with  the  Prince,  she 
had  been  much  prejudiced  both  in  her  dignity  and  the  rest ;  nol 
so  much  by  the  Prince  his  own  motions,  as  by  the  infusions 
of  others,  and  particularly  (as  I  conceive)  of  the  old  Electress  2 
that  your  Majesty,  as  her  most  dear  and  loving  father,  is  tied  fo 
her  sake  to  acknowledge  it  unto  him  ;  that  she  will  express  by 
him  so  much  in  her  own  letters,  and  he  will  bring  your  Majesty 
sufficient  testimony  of  his  own  actions  in  writing  :  that  whereas 
he  hath  written  a  letter  unto  your  Majesty  unadvisedly  upon  a 
mistaking  (with  which  by  your  commandment  I  have  acquainted 
my  Lady),  she  humbly  beseecheth  your  Majesty  to  attribute  it  to 
his  error,  and  not  to  any  want  of  zeal  in  your  service,  whereof 
she  had  made  so  singular  proofs.  This  I  must  repeat  again  un 
your  Majesty,  that  I  write  by  her  special  direction.  In  conclusion, 
she  humbly  beseecheth  your  Majesty  in  your  gracious  wisdom,  s 
to  handle  him  at  his  arrival  in  your  presence,  that  he  may  be 
contented,  for  the  settling  of  her  affairs,  to  abide  some  longer  time 
in  this  Court,  though  by  divers  provocations  and  offence,  of  the 
greatest  part  for  her  sake,  he  hath  been  moved  and  in  himself 
resolved  to  be  gone.     There  is  another  likewise,  by  name  Monffi 


1  See  ante,  ii,  p.  55. 

2  Louisa  Juliana,  widow  of  Frederick  IV,  and  daughter  of  William  of  Oranse. 


TO   JAMES   I  91 

Plessen  '.  who  hath  been  very  ready  in  all  good  offices  towards 
your  Majesty  and  yours,  whereof  her  Highness  beggeth  that  you 
will  be  pleased  in  your  goodness  to  take  notice.  And  thus  stand 
the  affairs  of  this  Court  at  the  present,  as  far  as  in  particular  concern 
your  royal  service  ;  which  I  have  delivered  with  the  same  liberty 
that  I  conceive  to  become  your  humble  and  zealous  vassal. 

Touching  your  Majesty's  respect  towards  your  royal  daughter,  in 
giving  her  the  choice  of  one  of  those  whom  you  shall  be  pleased 
to  nominate  for  her  conversation,  she  receiveth  it  as  an  argument  of 
your  tender  affection,  and  beseech eth  your  Majesty  that  she  may 
be  furnished  with  one  of  no  lesser  quality  than  the  former  2,  nor 
much  different  in  age  ;  because  otherwise  she  will  be  unfit  to 
accompany  her  in  her  disports 3  abroad,  and  perhaps  likewise  be 
the  less  plausible  at  home.  She  also  rendereth  your  Majesty  most 
humble  thanks  for  your  gracious  care  in  providing  a  secretary  for 
her.  whom  she  expecteth  at  your  good  pleasure.4 

And  so  having  discharged  my  duties  in  this  place,  I  end  with 
my  continual  prayers  to  Heaven  for  the  glory  and  safety  of  your 
sacred  person  and  crowns,  humbly  resting, 

Your  Majesty's  long  devoted  and  faithful  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

270.    To  James  I? 

8.  P.  Yen.,  transcript,  unsigned,  no  date  ;  sent  with  above  dispatch. 
Wotton's  attempt  to  discover  the  author  of  the  Corona  Regia. 

(April  23,  1616.) 

A  Relation  of  the  Cause  of  my  Stay  Four  Days  in  Colonia. 

At  Antwerp,  where  Mr.  Trumbal5  met  me,  besides  other  in- 
formations of  the  common  affairs  of  those  provinces,  wherein  we 
had  both  travailed,  I  received  from  him  an  address  to  one  Bilderbeck 
in  Colonia,  who  is  a  man  of  confidence  with  the  Count  Palatin  and 

1  Volrad  de  Plessen,  one  of  the  councillors  of  the  Elector  Palatine.  On  April 
22,  1616,  De  Plessen  wrote  to  Winwood  to  say  that  Wotton  had  departed  that 
morning  ;  his  visit  having  been  very  acceptable  to  the  Elector  and  his  wife, 
partly  on  account  of  Wotton's  '  bonnes  et  louables  qualites,'  and  partly  for  the  good 
news  he  brought  of  the  King's  health.  (S.  P.  Ger.  States.)  In  1619  Frederick  sent 
De  Plessen  on  a  mission  to  James  I.     (Gardiner,  iii,  p.  292.) 

2  Mrs.  Dudley,  Elizabeth's  favourite  Lady  of  Honour,  married  Sch5nberg,  and 
died  in  1615.  Lady  Harrington,  the  former  guardian  of  the  Princess,  was  sent 
at  the  end  of  this  year  to  replace  her.  (Mrs.  Everett-Green,  Lives  of  the  Princesses 
of  England,  v,  pp.  276,  295.) 

5  '  Disports,'  i.  e.  recreations,  arch.     (N.  E.  D.) 

4  Albertus  Morton,  Wotton's  nephew,  was  sent  by  James  I  as  agent  to  the 
Princes  of  the  Protestant  Union,  with  orders  to  reside  principally  at  Heidelberg 
and  act  as  secretary  to  the  Princess.  He  remained  at  Heidelberg  till  1IH9. 
(Ibid.,  p.  295.) 

■  John  Trumbull,  ante,  ii,  p.  44. 


92  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


: 


the  States,  and  seemeth  to  be  an  instrument  of  good  abilities.  From 
him  I  was  to  inquire  after  a  certain  printer  lately  fugitive  from 
Louvane,  and  now  inhabitant  in  that  town,  by  name  Christophorus 
Flavius.  The  scope  was  to  draw  from  him  who  had  been  the 
author  of  that  base  lying  pamphlet  intituled  Corotia  Begia.1  Th 
difficulty  was,  how  in  so  short  a  time,  being  but  a  passenger,  I  migh 
work  this  insinuation.  About  it  were  spent  four  days,  in  which 
time  the  said  Bilderbeck  and  myself  resolved  to  address  Frederick 
Gurckfeld  my  secretary,  by  nation  an  High  Alleman  (as  the  said 
printer  is  likewise),  and  thereby  to  gain  some  confidence  with  a  tale 
unto  him  to  this  substance.  '  That  Monsieur  Barcklay 2,  at  his 
departure  from  London,  had  consigned  unto  the  trust  of  my  said 
secretary  '  (who  was  to  pretend  much  inwardness  with  him)  '  certain 
satirical  observations  of  his  own  touching  the  Court  and  Church 
of  England,  which  he  was  desirous  to  publish  in  the  same  character, 
and  by  the  same  printer  who  had  heretofore  printed  the  works  of 
Puteanus  in  Lovane '  (this  was  Flavius),  '  whom  missing  there,  and 
understanding  from  Puteanus  of  his  being  in  Colonia,  he  was 
come  thither  with  those  papers  to  discharge  the  trust  of  his 
friend.' 

This  message  was  so  contrived  with  mention  both  of  Barcklay 
and  Puteanus,  the  two  suspected  persons,  that  Flavius,  upon  the 
naming  of  them,  might  be  drawn  to  bewray  something  unto  m 
secretary,  if  not  in  his  speech,  yet  at  least  in  his  face.  But  h 
was  so  far  from  unlocking  of  himself,  that  he  fell  to  a  very  seriou 
dehortation  of  my  said  secretary  from  meddling  in  any  such  matte 
which  for  his  own  part,  he  had  ever  abhorred.  True  it  was  inde 
that  he  had  been  slandered  to  have  been  the  printer  of  a  late  boo 
against  the  King  of  Great  Britannie  ;  but  most  falsely  (said  he),  as  ma; 
appear  by  the  very  character,  which  is  French,  and  by  the  fi 
dispersers   thereof   in   Lovane   and   Bruxelles,  which   were   certai 

1  Is.  Casauboni  Corona  Begia  .  .  .  in  lucent  edita,  1615,  pro  officina  Io.  Bill  Londini. 
Written  in  the  form  of  a  panegyric  of  James  I,  and  ironically  ascribed  to 
Casaubon,  the  Corona  Begia  was  an  infamous  attack  on  the  King,  and  one  of  the 
most  outrageous  books  ever  written.  It  caused  great  scandal  and  merriment 
throughout  Europe,  and  James  I  was  most  anxious  to  discover  the  author,  who 
was  Scioppius,  although  this  was  not  known  at  the  time.  Suspicion  fell  on 
Erycius  Puteanus,  then  Professor  at  Louvain,  and  as  Wotton  failed  (as  described 
above)  in  finding  out  anything  from  Flavius,  the  King  sent  Sir  John  Bennet  as 
special  envoy  to  the  Archdukes,  to  demand  the  punishment  of  Puteanus  and 
Flavius.  When  Bennet  was  met  by  delays  and  evasions,  he  was  finally 
instructed,  in  case  of  further  delays,  to  announce  the  recall  of  the  English  agent, 
Trumbull,  and  the  rupture  of  friendly  relations  between  England  and  the 
Netherlands.  (Motley,  Barn.,  ii,  p.  88.)  The  Archduke  Albert  succeeded,  how- 
ever, in  convincing  James  I  that  Puteanus  was  not  the  author.  When  Wotton 
returned  from  Venice  in  1623  he  passed  through  Cologne,  and  made  a  plan  for 
kidnapping  Flavius,  and  bringing  him  to  England.    See  dispatch  of  Nov.  5,  1623.) 

2  John  Barclay  (1582-1621),  author  of  Argenis.     (D.  N.  B.) 


TO  JAMES   I?  98 

Frenchmen  that  sold  wafers,  and  carried  some  of  the  copies  up 
and  down  in  boxes  on  their  backs.  That  none  could  be  the  author 
of  that  book  but  he  that  had  composed  the  Euphormionem  \  by 
congruity  of  the  style.  As  for  Puteanus,  he  was  too  discreet  and 
too  modest  to  put  his  hand  to  such  things.  That  for  his  own  person, 
lie  was  not  retired  to  Colonia  for  fear  of  that  calumniation,  having 
stayed  long  in  Lovane  after  the  complaint  was  made  against  him  ; 
but  he  was  come  to  Colonia,  where  there  was  more  employment 
of  the  press  than  in  Brabant.  By  this  we  may  see  how  this  rascal's 
confessor  had  sealed  and  seared  his  conscience.  For  that  Flavius 
was  the  printer  of  the  book,  we  have  the  testimony  of  Heniy  Tailor, 
Englishman,  who  did  assist  him  to  compose  the  letters. 

Now  touching  the  author  ;  Mr.  Trumbal  thinketh  Puteanus  to  have 
done  it  with  the  help  of  the  English  Jesuits  at  Lovane.  But  for  my 
part,  I  do  almost  assure  myself  that  it  was  Barckley,  by  collection  upon 
these  circumstances  following.  First  he  sold  his  pension  in  England 
at  a  very  small  rate,  somewhat  like  a  desperate  man.  Then  he  goes 
immediately  to  Kome,  and  there,  before  he  had  been  at  any  inn, 
speaketh  with  the  Spanish  ambassador  and  the  Cardinal  Bellarmine. 
By  the  Cardinal  he  was  the  next  day  brought  to  the  Pope,  and  hath 
a  lodging  on  the  back  side  of  Belvedere,  which  is  the  Pope's  palace, 
and  an  annual  pension  of  a  hundred  and  fifty  pound  sterling,  or  there- 
abouts. These  particulars  I  have  from  one  who  was  in  Kome  at 
his  arrival,  knew  him  and  observed  him  well,  and  got  good  informa- 
tion of  those  passages.  Now  upon  the  whole  matter  ;  in  a  conjectural 
subject  I  must  confess  I  cannot  conceive  (who  am  well  acquainted 
with  the  fashion  of  Kome)  how  he  could  be  so  suddenly  reconciled 
to  the  Pope,  or  how  he  should  dare  to  put  himself  into  his  hand 
without  some  work  against  the  King  of  Great  Britannie,  to  counter- 
poise that  which  his  father 2  and  himself  had  written  before  in  defence 
of  the  temporal  authority. 

271.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  1'.  Yen.,  holograph.     Wotton's  journey  to  Heidelberg  and  route  to  Turin. 

Written  in  a  village  called  Grave, 

...K,; 


four  miles  from  Heidelbergh, 
this  23  of  April,  1616. 
tGHT  Honourable, 

What  I  have  treated  with  the  Count  Palatine,  and  how  well 
it  hath  been  tasted  by  him,  will  appear  unto  your  Honour  out  of  the 


1  Euphormionis  Lusinini  Satyi'icon  (1610),  by  John  Barclay. 

-  William  Barclay  (1546  or  7-1608) ;  his  most  important  work,  Dc  Regno  et  Regaii 
Potestate,  was  published  1600. 


94  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


>ergh 


enclosed  to  the  King.  In  Colonia  I  stayed  four  days,  in  Heidelberg] 
six.  In  the  rest  of  the  journey,  we  made  as  much  haste  as  our 
horses  would  suffer  in  sandy  ways  and  hot  weather,  besides  some 
infirmity  in  ourselves,  through  which  I  have  left  one  of  my  principal 
servants  behind  me  sick  of  a  dangerous  fever,  the  want  of  whom, 
because  he  was  a  practised  man,  hath  much  incommodated  me. 
When  I  arrive  at  Basilea,  which  will  be  within  these  four  days, 
I  intend  to  dispatch  my  secretary  and  my  luggage  to  Venice  by  the 
nearest  line,  that  I  may  march  myself  the  lighter  over  the  Alps 
through  the  Swissers  and  the  Valesiens.  We  have  met  with  a  voice 
on  the  way,  that  Piemont  is  in  new  motion.1  If  I  find  it  so 
when  I  approach  nearer,  I  shall  somewhat  doubt  what  course  to 
take.  All  the  news  which  I  know  of  Germanie  is  that  Clesel  2,  the 
negotious  8  Bishop  of  Vienna,  is  at  last  cardinalated,  and  likely  to 
prove  another  Madrutz 4,  if  the  Emperor  give  him  leave  to  practise 
the  Roman  Court.  But  of  these  things  hereafter  ;  I  will  now  end 
with  my  prayers  to  God  for  your  health  and  happiness. 

Your  Honour's  to  do  you  faithful  service, 

Henry  Wotton. 
I  humbly  beseech  you,   Sir,   to  acquaint  my  nephew  Albertus5 
before  his  coming,  with  my  letter  to  the  King,  which  will  give  him 
some  taste  of  the  Palatine  Court.     I  must  likewise  remember  your 
Honour  of  your  promise  to  this  poor  man,  who  hath  taken  goc 
pains  with  me. 

272.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  dictated.     Wotton's  journey  over  the  Alps,  and  arrival  at  Turii 

From  Turino,  this  22th  of  May,  1616.     St.  v. 
Right  Honourable, 

You  see  by  the  enclosed  to  his  Majesty  how  opportunely  I  cam< 
hither,  and  by  these  I  would  fain  tell  you  how  painfully,  but  we 
can  scant  express  it.  Sure  I  am  that  never  journey  was  more 
lengthened  nor  more  incommodated  by  accident.  For  till  I  came 
to  Bassill,  I  knew  not  that  Beam  and  Friburg  were  infected,  which 
put  me  to  a  circuit  of  two  or  three  days ;  and  passing  forward  alia 
buona,  at  last  we  understand  that  the  plague  was  dispersed  through 
the  whole  Valesia,  through  which  we  had  designed  to  pass  over 

1  Although  the  war  between  Savoy  and  Spain  about  Montferrat  was  ostensibly 
settled  by  the  treaty  of  Asti  in  1615,  the  Spaniards,  mortified  at  being  compelled 
to  treat  with  the  Duke  of  Savoy  as  an  equal,  openly  violated  the  terms  of  the 
treaty,  and  refused  to  disarm  their  troops  in  the  Milanese.  (Gardiner,  iii,  p.  49.) 
Actual  hostilities  did  not,  however,  break  out  until  September  in  this  year. 

2  Melchior  Klesel,  Cardinal  1615,  died  1630. 

3  '  Negotious,'  i.  e.  busy,  arch.         4  Ludvig  Madrutz,  Cardinal  1561,  died  1600. 
5  Albertus  Morton,  appointed  secretary  to  the  Electress  Palatine. 


TO   SIR  RALPH   WINWOOD  95 

the  Mount  St.  Bernardo  Majore.  This  was  una  gran  sbrigliata,  and 
much  more,  when  we  understood  that  Geneva  itself  and  the  villages 
about  it  were  also  infected,  which  hindered  us  to  pass  the  nearest 
way  to  Chambery,  and  forced  us  to  put  ourselves  and  horses  at 
hazard  over  the  Leman  lake,  and  so  to  traverse  Savoy,  by  such  rocks 
and  precipices  as  I  think  Hannibal  did  hardly  exceed  it  when  he 
made  his  way  (as  poets  tell  us)  with  fire  and  vinegar. 

Now,  for  public  matter,  I  shall  little  need  to  write  anything  to 
your  Honour  from  hence.  First,  because  in  the  enclosed  to  his 
Majesty  I  have  delivered  all  that  I  can  yet  say.1  Next,  because 
his  Majesty  is  here  served  by  his  ordinary  agent2  with  great 
sufficiency.  The  contemplation  of  whose  pains  and  expenses  doth, 
I  protest  in  very  conscience,  make  me  pass  farther  than  his  own 
modesty  in  wishing  that,  by  your  favourable  means  (upon  which  we 
all  depend),  he  may  have  some  increase  of  his  entertainment,  or  at 
least  some  ayuda  de  costa 3,  as  they  term  it. 

It  were  after  this  uncharitable  to  forget  myself,  and  therefore 
I  humbly  beseech  you.  Sir,  to  be  still  my  noble  friend.  And  so  God 
keep  you  in  His  gracious  love. 

Your  Honour's  very  faithfully, 

Henry  Wotton. 

I  humbly  beseech  your  Honour  to  acquaint  my  lord  my  brother 
with  this  letter,  having  at  the  present  no  time  to  write  to  any  of  my 
friends,  which  shall  be  redeemed  at  Venice. 

273.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Vai.,  dictated.    Wotton's  arrival  in  Venice.    Affairs  of  Venice. 

Dated  in  Venice,  the  7th  of  June. 
St.  vet.  1616. 
Right  Honourable, 

This  is  only  to  give  you  knowledge  that  I  arrived  here  on  the 
last  of  May  in  our  style.     Of  the  impediments  on  the  way  through 

1  For  Wotton's  negotiations  at  Turin  see  ante,  i,  p.  146. 

a  (Sir)  Isaac  Wake,  secretary  to  Sir  Dudley  Carleton  at  Venice,  1610-15 
(ante,  i,  p.  501).  In  1615  he  was  appointed  to  succeed  Albertus  Morton  (on 
Morton's  recommendation)  as  English  agent  at  Turin,  where  he  remained  with 
occasional  absences  till  he  took  Wotton's  place  as  ambassador  at  Venice.  Like 
all  James  I's  envoys,  he  found  it  most  difficult  to  get  any  money  from  the 
Exchequer  ;  an  extract  or  two  from  his  dispatches  in  the  Record  Office  will 
picture  for  us  the  plight  of  these  unfortunate  diplomatists.  On  Dec.  12,  1617, 
h<  writes  that  he  can  maintain  himself  no  longer,  adding,  'besides  what  his 
Majesty's  service  will  suffer  therein,  it  will  be  some  dishonour  to  have  a  public 
minister  starve  in  a  foreign  country.'  March  6,  1618,  'I  am  now  enforced  to 
s<.ll  t  lie  poor  stuff  that  was  in  my  house  to  buy  bread.'  June  15,  1618,  '  It  is  now 
sixteen  months  since  I  have  received  one  penny  out  of  the  Exchequer.  ...  I  have 
Lived  many  months  upon  my  own  poor  stock,  and  having  sold  and  pawned  all  that 
little  which  I  had,  I  do  not  know  how  to  subsist  any  longer.'     (S.  P.  Savoy.) 

8  Ayuda  de  costa,  a  Spanish  phrase,  meaning  a  gratification  in  addition  to  salary. 


96  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

businesses  and  other  accidents,  I  gave  his  Majesty  an  accompt  from 
Heidelbergh  and  Turino.1  Here  I  find  by  sundry  private  congratula- 
tions that  I  am  not  unwelcome,  though  I  have  yet  had  no  public 
reception.2  For  the  house  which  Sir  Dudly  Carleton  left  me  was 
not  fit  for  me  in  many  respects,  and  therefore  I  have  spent  these 
few  days  in  preparing  and  furnishing  of  another ;  which  done, 
I  must  signify,  according  to  the  custom  of  the  place,  that  I  will  be 
in  some  of  their  little  islands  at  a  certain  hour,  and  there  they  will 
come  to  receive  me.  The  affairs  of  Istria 3  stand  yet  in  termini  crudi, 
and  the  issue  invisible,  so  as  the  season  seemeth  very  proper  to 
propound  the  matter  which  I  bring  with  me  touching  those  outward 
collegations.  For  believe  it,  Sir,  it  is  a  time  to  knit  knots.  In  my 
next  and  so  forward  weekly,  his  Majesty  shall  receive  a  better 
reckoning  of  this  part  of  the  world.  Here  I  have  received  your 
letter  of  the  9th  of  April,  sent  me  in  the  packet  of  the  State  by  their 
residents  with  the  Swissers ;  by  which  country  I  had  no  possible 
passage,  through  the  contagion  dispersed  in  sundry  of  the  Helvetian 
and  Valesien  villages,  which  put  us  to  the  most  troublesome  and 
perilous  travel  that  ever  I  had  before,  though  this  be  the  eleventh 
time  that  I  have  passed  the  Alps.4  But  touching  the  business 
of  your  said  letter,  I  hope  you  have,  before  the  receipt  of  this, 
perceived  by  my  dispatch  from  Turino,  that  there  the  Duke,  myself, 
and  the  Venetian  ambassador,  among  other  serious  discourses,  spen 
no  small  time  about  the  matter  of  the  Grisons,  which,  though  i 
be  a  most  contemptible  and  venial  State,  yet  are  they  surely  at  th 
present  one  of  the  greatest  vexations  of  this  Commonwealth.5  An 
so,  Sir,  till  my  next  I  leave  you  in  God's  blessed  love. 

Your  Honour's  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

1  On  April  12,  1617,  a  warrant  was  issued  to  pay  Wotton  £740  for  transport 
of  '  self,  company,  and  horses '  to  Venice  by  way  of  Heidelberg  and  Turin. 
{Issues  Ex.,  p.  197.) 

2  Wotton's  public  reception  was  on  June  27.     {Ante,  i,  p.  147.) 

3  The  Uscock  war,  1615-17.     {Ante,  i,  p.  148.) 

4  Wotton's  first  crossing  the  Alps  was  late  in  the  year  1591  {ante,  i,  p.  18)  ;  his 
second  in  1593,  when  he  went  to  Geneva  (i,  p.  22)  ;  his  third  early  in  1601,  after 
the  fall  of  Essex  (i,  p.  36) ;  his  fourth  and  fifth,  when  he  went  in  the  summer  of 
1601  to  Scotland,  returning  in  the  spring  of  1602  (i,  pp.  40,  43).  The  sixth  cross- 
ing was  in  1603,  when  he  travelled  to  Germany  (i,  p.  44) ;  the  seventh  in  1604, 
when  he  went  to  Venice  (i,  p.  49)  ;  the  eighth,  his  return  in  1611  (i,  p.  116) ;  the 
ninth  and  tenth,  his  journey  to  Turin  and  back  in  1612)  i,  pp.  120,  123). 

5  Owing  to  Spanish  and  French  bribery,  the  Grison  Republics  had  broken  their 
league  with  Venice  in  161 2,  and  closed  their  passes  to  the  Venetian  troops.  The  Re- 
public was  very  anxious  to  renew  their  alliance,  and  in  1619  Wotton  wrote  that 
some  'very  well  affected  persons'  had  proposed  to  him  that  by  the  mediation  of 
James  I  steps  might  be  taken  '  to  glue  them  '  together  again, '  both  for  the  temper- 
ing of  Spain,  and  keeping  this  State  in  heart,  which  otherwise,  unless  the  Grison 
passage  be  kept  open  (and  nothing  but  the  former  league  can  do  it),  will  be  suffo- 
cated for  lack  of  a  vent.'     {Eton  Coll.  MS.,  April  26,  1619,  Rox.  Club,  pp.  120,  121.) 


r. 

i 


TO   SIR  RALPH    WINWOOD  97 


274.    To  Sir  Ralph  Win  wood. 

8.  1\  Ven.,  holograph.     Wotton's  illness  ;  an  Italian  bishop 
imprisoned ;  Lord  Dingwall. 

Venice,  this  8th  of  July,  1616,  stil.  novo. 
Eight  Honourable, 

I  must  crave  pardon  to  pass  over  this  week  likewise  with  few 

words,  having  newly  buried  one  of  my  company,  and  four  or  five 

of  the  rest  being  sick  at  the  present,  besides  myself,  who  have  been 

since  my  last,  till  this  very  day,  for  the  most  part  in  my  bed,  and 

am  much  weakened  with  sweats,  which  are  cheap  in  this  air ;  yet 

unong  these  domestic  distractions  I  cannot  but  advertise  his  Majesty 

}f  a  piece  of  news  that  I  have  from  Rome.     The  Bishop  of  Civita 

tfova  of  the  province  of  Calabria,  having  in  the  expedition  of  a  suit 

eceived  ill  satisfaction  from  the  Pope,  and  lamenting  at  his  own 

louse  that  he  would  go  serve  the  King  of  England,  from  whom 

;ie  hoped  for  more  favour,  was  by  some  of  his  servants  traduced 

or  these  words,  and  is  cast  into  the  prison  of  the  Inquisition.      You 

>iee  how  proditorious  l  and  spiteful  that  filthy  Court  is. 

Here   they   have  appointed   to   treat   with   my  Lord   Dingwall 2 

.  senator  of  the  best  reputation  and  of  good  affections.     In  my  next 

lis  Majesty  shall  have  a  large  accompt  of  these  things.     And  so,  Sir, 

jod  give  you  the  health  that  we  wish  ourselves. 

Your  Honour's  faithfully, 

Henry  Wotton. 


275.     To  James  I. 

.  V.  Ven.,  holograph.  Wotton's  illness;  Dr.  Malta's  plan  for  a  council 
of  Greek  bishops.  Sarpi's  History  of  the  Council  of  Trent.  De  Dominis 
going  to  England. 

Venice,  the  30th  of  July,  1616. 
Style  of  England. 
May  it  please  your  most  sacred  Majesty, 

As  I  am  confident  in  your  Majesty's  pardon,  though  you  have 
itherto  received  nothing  but  the  story  of  our  infirmities,  so  it  is 
ow  time  to  yield  so  gracious  a  master  some  fruit  of  our  breathing 
•ad  being,  and  of  the  health  that  God  hath  restored  us  ;  having  in 

1  '  Proditorious,'  i.  e.  treacherous,  arch. 

3  Sir  Richard  Preston,  a  favourite  of  James  I,  created  Baron  Dingwall,  and 
ft  i  wards  Earl  of  Esmond,  with  remainder  to  Lord  Feilding,  his  intended  son- 
daw.  Lord  Dingwall  had  come  to  Venice  to  offer  his  services  in  the  Uscock 
ar.  On  June  29  Wotton  presented  him  to  the  Doge.  (E»p.  Prin.)  The  terms 
Fered  him  were  not  satisfactory,  and  were  not  accepted. 

WOTTOK.    II  H 


98  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

the  meantime,  like  the  fishermen  of  these  lagune,  only  prepared  our 
nets  and  our  hooks  to  catch  somewhat  hereafter ;  so  as  I  hope  your 
Majesty  shall  not  want  intelligence,  either  from  this  place  of  my 
residence,  or  from  Rome  itself,  where  I  have  planted  some  good 
correspondence,  being  in  truth  the  centre  of  all  practice.  Now 
it  falleth  out  at  this  beginning  that  I  must  represent  unto  your 
Majesty  a  strange  proposition,  which  Dr.  Marta x  hath  put  into  my 
hand,  who,  upon  the  first  noise  of  my  arrival  at  Turino,  sent  a  letter 
thither  to  invite  me,  if  I  should  come  by  Padoa,  to  lie  at  his  house ; 
which  I  was  willing  to  attribute  rather  to  his  courtesy  than  vanity, 
though  it  seemed  unto  me  the  very  direct  way  to  make  himsell 
unable  to  do  your  Majesty  any  service  hereafter;  for  surely  your 
Majesty  can  draw  little  use  from  open  devotion  in  this  country. 

When  I  was  here  arrived,  in  the  midst  of  mine  own  indisposition, 
and  of  my  company  (who  were  almost  all  decumbents 2),  he  came 
hither  with  much  eagerness  to  speak  with  me  about  some  important 
purpose,  as  he  let  me  know.     I  admitted  him,  though  at  that  timt 
by  distemper  tied  to  my  bed,  when  among  other  things  he  tolc 
me  that  he  was  desirous  to  bring  unto  me  two  worthy  personages 
one   Zacharias   Bernadoviz,    elected    Bishop   of   Leopoli3,    and   ont 
Francesco,  Conte  of  Mnisek,  Captain  of  Sanoka,  whose  sister  wi 
married  to  the  Emperor  of  Moscovia ;   with   which  men  he  hac 
treated,  and  now  well  digested,  a  business  of  marvellous  consequem 
and  utility  for  your  Majesty  in  particular,  and  in  general  for 
other   Christian   princes.      This   was   a   council   of  Greek   bish 
(whereof  more  than  a  hundred  had  already  subscribed  their  nam 
to  be  assembled  I  know  not  where.     But  at  that  assembly  was  to 
concluded  the  devolution  of  the  Pope's  authority  to  the  Patriar 
of  Constantinople ;    there  was  likewise  to  be  examined  the  who! 
Canon  Law  and  the  Councils  of  Florence  and  Trente,  where  th 
suffrages  were  not  free,  and  lastly  the  new  doctrine  of  deposin: 
of  kings,  &c.      My  answer  unto  him  was  to  this  substance,   'tha 
I  found  myself  at  the  present  unfit  to  think  of  so  great  matters  ;  an< 
besides  many  eyes  being  upon  me  here,  and  many  commentarie 
built  in   men's  fancies  upon  my  return,  because  I  had  been  her 
before   in   time   of   difference   between   this   State   and    the   Pop* 
I  desired  him  to  pardon  me  if  I  did  not  speak  with  those  persons 
and   the  rather   for   that  a  little  rumour  was,  I   know   not  hov 
whispered  in  the  town  that  Dr.  Marta  was  come  to  confer  som 
great  thing  with  me '     Hereupon,  being  a  little  troubled,  he  fell  t 


1  Dr.  Marta,  see  Appendix  IV. 

Decumbents,'  i.  e.  lying  in  bed  through  illness.     Obs.     (N.  E.  D.) 


Lemburg  in  Galicia,  the  seat  of  a  Greco-Russian  bishopric. 


TO  JAMES   I  99 

t«  11  me,  sometimes  that  those  men  would  then  repair  unto  your 
Majesty,  sometimes  that  he  would  go  himself,  and  sometimes  that 
they  would  join  in  the  journey.  Wherein  observing  him  to  tumble 
up  and  down  with  inconstancy  of  judgement,  I  yielded  for  the 
present  so  far  as  to  think  it  fitter  to  be  handled  in  your  own  royal 
presence  than  with  me.  But  yet  I  wished  him  first  to  consult  with 
your  wisdom  by  letter,  what  it  would  best  please  you  to  have  done  in 
Vnd  in  the  meanwhile  I  intended,  as  I  have  done,  to  take  the 
opinions  of  Maestro  Paulo  and  Fulgentio,  both  of  the  man  and 
of  the  matter.  Touching  the  Doctor  himself,  they  say  that  besides 
the  ordinary  vanity  of  almost  all  Neapolitans,  he  hath  his  own 
natural  and  peculiar  part  thereof;  that  he  is  full  of  penury  and 
projects,  whereof  the  scope  is  rather  gain  than  zeal ;  that  he  hath 
been  seldom  at  any  time  contented  with  his  present  condition ;  that 
he  is  a  man  indeed  both  of  experience  and  capacity,  and  applicable 
enough  to  some  good  uses,  but  small  foundation  to  be  made  upon 
his  promises,  and  least  of  all  upon  this  which  lie  hath  now  projected, 
which  they  esteem  a  very  vast  and  idle  conception,  both  for  the 
impossibility  of  collecting  those  Greek  bishops  into  any  one  place, 
and  of  any  fruit  that  can  come  of  it,  being  a  body  of  straggling, 
j  beggarly  and  most  ignorant  men,  and  altogether  unfit  to  handle 
i  propositions  even  of  common  knowledge,  besides  their  addiction  and 
i  contumacy  in  their  own  superstitions,  as  much  as  the  most  corrupted 
part  of  the  Latin  Church.  Which  things  considered,  they  conclude 
that  this  proposition  of  the  Doctor  is  a  veiy  chimera  of  his  own 
hatching,  and  that  the  names  of  the  bishops  which,  he  sayeth,  have 
subscribed,  are  forged  in  his  brains. 

Thus  I  have  delivered  plainly  unto  your  Majesty  their  opinions,  and 
withal  I  here  send  the  Doctor's  letter  and  the  list  of  his  Greeks  ;  to 
which  nation,  if  your  Majesty  shall  but  once  open  your  arm  of  protec- 
tion, I  must  crave  the  liberty  to  think  that  all  the  colleges  and  hospitals 
of  your  kingdoms  will  not  hold  them.  The  Doctor  seemeth  extremely 
desirous  of  an  answer,  and  pretendeth  that  he  hath  sweat  in  this 
business  these  two  years,  whereof  he  hath  likewise  given  you  some 
former  accompt  by  your  agent  at  Turino.  I  hope  by  mine  own  poor 
invention,  or  by  the  advice  of  your  Majesty's  confidence,  to  employ 
him  in  some  things  of  more  use  and  possibility.  In  the  meanwhile 
I  do  continue  unto  him  your  Majesty's  bounty,  and  I  have  by  your 
appointment  given  him  good  liberty  to  transport  what  he  shall  think 
fit,  out  of  any  of  his  own  former  writings,  to  a  work  that  he  hath 
now  in  hand  ;  which  licence  he  seemeth  to  have  required  from  your 
Majesty  by  Sir  Dudley  Carleton,  and  he  promiseth  some  notable 
thing  shortly.     This  is  all  that  I  have  to  say  about  the  present 

H  2 


100  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 


subject.     And  so,  with  my  humble  prayers  committing  your  sacred 
person  to  God's  continual  protection  and  love,  I  rest, 

Your  Majesty's  most  faithful  and  long  devoted  poor  servant, 

Ottavio  Baldi. 

The  book  of  Maestro  Paolo  touching  the  Council  of.Tre: 
is  newly  finished.  It  containeth  many  rare  things  never  di« 
covered  before,  and  surely  will  be  of  much  benefit  to  the  Christie 
Church,  if  it  may  be  published  both  in  Italian  and  Latin.  Where- 
unto  the  author,  upon  your  Majesty's  persuasion,  doth  well  incline  ; 
but  I  have  not  yet  received  his  full  resolution,  which  perad venture 
doth  somewhat  depend  upon  the  resolution  which  he  will  take  about 
his  own  person.1 

The  Archbishop  of  Spalatro2  is  resolved  to  endure  no  longer 
the  idolatrous  fooleries  of  this  Church,  but  will  within  a  week  or 
such  a  matter  begin  his  journey  towards  your  Majesty ;  of  whose 
favour  I  have  given  him  fresh  assurance,  and  I  think  his  departure 
will  breed  much  noise,  being  a  person  of  such  quality,  and  of  singular 
gravity  and  knowledge. 

276.    To  Sib  Ralph  Winavood. 
S.  P.  Ven.t  dictated.     Signature  and  postscript  in  Wotton's  hand.     James  I 
to  be  cautioned  about  speaking  of  Sarpi  and  Fulgenzio  on  account 
of  the  Pope's  spies. 

From  Venice,  this  30  of  July,  st.  vet.,  1616. 
Right  Honourable, 

This  enclosed 3  to  the  King  (whether  charged  with   light 

1  As  I  have  stated  elsewhere  (ante,  i,  p.  150),  I  believe  that  Paolo  Sarpi  entei 
tained  at  this  time  some  thoughts  of  following  (with  Fulgenzio  in  his  cor 
pany)  his  friend  De  Dominis  to  England.  On  Jan.  23,  1617,  O.S.,  Winwoc 
wrote  to  Wotton :  '  In  some  of  your  letters  written  some  months  since,  you  hav< 
moved  that  his  Majesty  would  be  pleased  with  his  own  hand  to  write  you  kno^ 
to  whom  ;  which  his  Majesty  is  well  content  to  do,  and  had  done  before  this 
time,  but  that  he  thought  it  convenient  thereof  to  confer  with  the  Archbishop 
of  Spallatra.  Now  his  Majesty  having  divers  and  sundry  times  had  conference 
with  him,  hath  taken  this  resolution,  not  to  write  until  he  shall  understand 
how  those  parties  stand  resolved,  either  to  continue  there  where  now  they  live, 
or  to  repair  into  England  ;  wherein  his  Majesty's  pleasure  is  that  you  carry 
yourself  with  that  moderation,  that  neither  by  your  encouragement  they  be 
invited,  nor  allured  by  your  persuasions  to  undertake  that  voyage,  nor  yet 
disheartened,  if  out  of  their  own  free  motion,  for  the  discharge  of  their 
consciences,  they  shall  resolve  to  retire  themselves  under  the  safeguard  of  his 
Majesty's  protection.  For  whensoever  they  shall  come,  his  Majesty  will  be 
pleased  to  see  them  furnished  with  that  complete  provision  which  may  give 
them  cause  of  satisfaction,  and  make  them  acknowledge  themselves  perpetually 
beholding  both  to  his  goodness  and  God's  providence.'  {S.  P.  Ven.)  Wotton's 
letters  to  which  this  is  an  answer  have  not  been  preserved,  but  I  do  not  see  to 
whom  Winwood  can  be  referring  except  Sarpi  and  Fulgenzio.  'The  party'  in 
the  Venetian  correspondence  generally  means  Sarpi,  '  those  parties '  Sarpi  and 
Fulgenzio. 

2  Antonio   de   Dominis,  Archbishop  of  Spalatro,   or  Spalato,  in   Dalmatia. 
(See  Gardiner,  ii,  p.  283,  and  D.  N.  JB.) 

3  The  previous  dispatch. 


TO   SIR   RALPH    WTXWOOD  101 

Weighty  matter)  doth  need  your  explication  in  transitu  by  the  cipher 
Which  is  in  Mr.  Moore's  hand.  I  beseech  your  Honour  (as  I  am 
moved  by  those  whom  it  concerneth)  to  deal  with  his  Majesty  in  the 
deepest  degree  of  secrecy  that  may  be  about  these  persons.  For  it  is 
certain  that  every  time  that  the  King  doth  name  them  inter plures,  it 
is  taken  up  and  sent,  I  know  not  by  what  vents  and  conducts l,  to 
Rome,  and  afterwards  doth  reflect  hither.  This  is  most  true,  even 
in  the  smallest  and  inconsiderablest  things ;  and  it  is  easy  to  be 
believed,  when,  according  to  a  precise  and  curious  piece  of  advertise- 
ment which  I  have  from  Rome,  there  are  deputed  50,000  crowns 
yearly  out  of  the  Apostolic  Chamber,  as  they  call  it,  for  spies  at  the 
tables  of  princes ;  besides  the  particular  intelligence  of  Jesuits  and 
their  lay  adherents,  for  which  the  Pope  payeth  nothing.  This  your 
Honour  receiveth  by  a  son 2  of  Sir  Julius  Caesar,  to  whom  I  have 
committed  it,  rather  than  to  the  ordinary  conveyance,  because  it 
seemed  unto  me  a  packet  of  some  moment.  And  so  wishing  his 
Majesty  and  all  his  the  more  happily  health,  by  the  sense  of  our  own 
infirmities,  I  humbly  rest, 

Your  Honour's, 
Henry  Wotton. 

I  humbly  beseech  you,  Sir,  to  grace  this  young  traveller  with  his 
Majesty,  which  you  know  how  to  do  in  the  best  manner. 

277.    To  Sir  Dudley  Carleton. 
S.  P.  Yen.     Postscript  to  letter  of  Sept.  2.     Wotton's  house  in  Venice. 

From  Venice,  this  2  of  September, 
1016,  st.  n. 
My  Lord, 

I  have  given  that  party  upon  your  accompt  already  300  ducats, 
and  will  give  him  the  remainder  within  three  or  four  days,  as 
you  shall  then  better  perceive  by  his  acquittance.  He  is  indeed 
a  person,  as  you  advised  me,  to  be  kept  at  hard  diet,  and  in  my 
opinion  one  of  the  vainest  men  of  the  world.3 

I  refused  (or  rather  my  secretary  before  my  arrival)  your  house  in 
Canal  Regio,  not  so  much  for  the  greatness  of  the  rent  (which  the 
landlord  would  unconscionably  have  increased),  as  for  the  farness 
from  the  piazze,  wherein,  when  I  was  lodged  on  the  other  side  by 
St.  Hieronimo,  I  found  in  truth  much  inconvenience.  I  am  now 
singularly   fitted,  having   concluded   with    Signor   Gussoni  for  his 

1  •  Conducts,'  old  form  of  conduits.     (.V.  E.  B.) 

2  (Sir)    Charles     Caesar    (1590-1642),     Judge     and    Master     of    Chancery. 
D.  N.  B.) 

3  Probably  Dr.  Marta. 


102  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

house  on  the  Canal  Grande  *,  which  is  one  of  the  fairest  in  Venice. 
and  withal  for  his  villa  at  Noventa2,  which  I  had  before.  I  pay 
460  ducats  for  both  ;  the  villa  finely  furnished,  and  the  castaldo  paid 
by  him.  There  your  Lordship  may  imagine  me  towards  the  end  of 
this  month,  pressing  of  my  grapes. 

278.    To  Sir  Dudley  Carleton. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  dictated.     Wotton's  illness ;  the  affairs  of  Venice  ; 
the  Duke  of  Savoy  arming. 

From  Venice,  this  9  of  September, 
1616,  st.  n. 
My  very  good  Lord, 

Although  I  am  glad  always  of  your  writings,  yet  I  must  confe 
I  should  have  been  much  ashamed  to  receive  by  this  last  ordinary 
so  friendly  an  alarm,  if  I  had  not  prevented  your  Lordship  with  two 
of  mine  ;  for  it  was  my  duty  to  begin,  even  in  the  severest  court  of 
punctualists,  besides  that  our  love  and  fellowship  are  not  bound  to 
those  fantastical  laws.  I  do  give  your  Lordship  many  thanks  both 
for  the  vessel  and  the  ballast,  having  indeed  not  seen  before  any 
report  of  that  great  trial 8,  save  in  pieces.  By  your  letter  I  see  that 
as  in  our  reciprocal  interchanges  of  places,  and  in  the  beginning  of 
our  journeys  (for  I  was  repulsed  from  sea  as  I  heard  you  were),  so 
we  conform  together  likewise  too  much  in  infirmities  of  body.  Fo 
I  have  myself,  since  my  coming,  been  twice  a  decumbent,  and  almos 
all  my  family  been  sick  of  single  and  double  tertians,  or  some  sue 
thing;  whereof  I  have  lost  two,  an  old  faithful  servant,  and  a  physician 
whom  I  took  with  me  rather  for  conversation  than  counsel.  Fo 
your  Lordship  knoweth  that  there  is  otherwise  here  both  sicknes 
and  physic  enough.  Those  that  are  gone  are  with  God,  and  we  th 
remain  are  at  His  gracious  pleasure,  running  our  course  honestly 
which  will  be  our  reward,  and  is  our  present  comfort  among  thes 
tricks  of  State  that  we  every  day  contemplate. 

Some  little  ease  it  is  to  see  that  politic  bodies  have  their  diseases  and 
distempers  as  well  as  natural.  For  in  truth,  my  Lord,  both  this  State 
where  I  now  am  and  all  Italy  is  at  the  present  very  sick.  We  are 
afraid  here  that  the  Duke  of  Savoy  will  make  his  peace,  and  we  are  as 

1  There  were  at  this  date  two  Gussoni  palaces  on  the  Grand  Canal,  the  Cavaili 
Palace  (now  Palazzo  Franchetti)  at  St.  Vitale,  and  the  present  Grimani  della 
Vida  Palace,  above  the  Rialto,  opposite  St.  Stae.  This  latter  was  Wotton's 
residence,  as  Asselinau  (a  French  doctor  in  Venice)  writes  on  June  3,  1616, 
that  Wotton's  secretary  has  taken  a  palace  on  the  Grand  Canal  opposite  St.  Stae, 
and  adjoining  the  Traghetto  della  Maddalena.  (S.  P.  Ven.)  The  Grimani  (formerly 
Gussoni)  Palace  is  near  this  traghetto,  and  must  be  the  one  Wotton  occupied. 

2  Noventa,  on  the  Canal  of  the  Brenta,  a  few  miles  from  Padua. 

3  The  trial  of  the  Earl  of  Somerset  for  the  murder  of  Overbury,  May  25,  1616. 


TO   SIR  DUDLEY   CARLETON  103 

much  afraid  that  he  will  make  war,  and  so  trouble  the  whole.  There 
goeth  therefore  a  great  deal  of  skill  to  keep  him  with  money  and  other 
comforts  in  a  mediocrity.  But  he  is  gone  so  forward  already,  that 
I  do  not  see  how  he  can  well  be  drawn  back  or  stayed.  For  sure  it 
is  that  on  the  twenty-sixth  of  the  last  month,  he  did  at  Turino 
marborare  (as  they  call  it)  the  general  standard,  mustered  his  army 
to  the  number  of  18,000  foot  and  2,500  horse,  dispersed  8,000 
of  them  nnd  500  horse  in  garrisons,  took  with  him  the  remainder  in 
the  field,  and  did  publicly  protest  that  he  would  either  iiscirc  di  viia 
o  di  quest  i  travagli  di  Spacfnuoli}  His  army  likewise  increaseth  every 
day  with  the  French,  to  the  wonder  of  the  world  how  he  can  feed 
them.  Between  which  things  it  were  long  to  tell  your  Lordship 
how  basely,  how  spitefully,  how  scornfully,  and  (as  some  add)  how 
heretically  he  hath  received  the  Pope's  extraordinary  Nuncio,  Arch- 
bishop of  Bologna  and  Cardinal  in  proximo,  potentia,  being  offended 
(as  I  collect  by  his  ambassador  here)  with  two  things  :  first,  that 
the  Pope  had  let  him  run  on  to  such  expense,  even  to  the  point  of 
drawing  the  sword2;  next,  that  he  finally  sent  to  compose  these 
differences  a  person  of  so  abstracted  a  spirit  from  worldly  matters 
that  he  was  ignorant  of  your  treaty  of  Asti.3  Here  we  take  in 
Friuli  towns  apace 4,  under  the  shadow  of  that  Duke,  which  is  one  of 
i  the  opportunest  diversions  that  I  think  hath  ever  happened.  The 
particulars  I  will  send  you  the  next  week  of  the  whole  face  of  our 
camp  how  it  standeth.  We  have  now  the  certainty  of  the  young 
Cardinal  of  Mantua 5  his  marriage  to  the  Princess  of  Bozzolo,  a  crafty 

1  The  Spaniards  refused  to  carry  out  the  terms  of  the  treaty  of  Asti.  '  The 
Marquis  of  Inojosa,  by  whom  the  treaty  had  been  signed,  was  recalled,  and 
Pedro  de  Toledo,  a  hot-headed  youth,  was  appointed  to  succeed  him.  The  new 
governor  had  no  sooner  arrived  at  Milan,  than  he  openly  violated  the  agreement 
to  which  he  was  bound  by  the  acts  of  his  predecessor.  Although  a  mutual  dis- 
armament had  been  expressly  stipulated,  Spanish  troops  were,  on  various 
pretexts,  kept  on  foot  in  the  Milanese,  and  the  Duke's  demands  for  the  execution 
of  the  treaty  were  met  with  haughty  insolence.'  (Gardiner,  iii,  p.  49.)  On 
Sept.  14  war  broke  out  again,  and  the  Spaniards  invaded  Piedmont.  (Romaniv, 
vii,  p.  107.) 

2  In  his  dispatch  of  Dec.  9  Wotton  said  that  the  Pope,  Paul  V,  was  glad  enough 
to  see  Venice  and  Savoy  in  trouble.  He  '  hath  been  contented  silently  to  laugh 
at  their  expenses  and  troubles,  having  not  spent  so  much  as  a  sprinkle  of  holy 
water  upon  the  business  till  they  were  ready  to  fight ;  and  then  employed  an 
odious  instrument  in  it  only  per  manier  cV  acquit,  as  tbey  term  it'.  (S.  P.  Vm.) 
The  Pope's  envoy  was  Alessandro  Ludovisio,  Archbishop  of  Bologna,  Cardinal 
in  1610,  and  Pope  (Gregory  XV),  1021-3.  His  reception  at  Turin  moved  even 
the  sober  Isaac  Wake  to  wit,  who  wrote  to  Carleton  Sept.  £|y  'his  entertain- 
ment proved  as  lean  as  himself  is  fat.'     (S.  P.  Savoy.) 

3  Sir  Dudley  Carleton  had  been  largely  instrumental  in  negotiating  the  treaty 
of  Asti  in  the  previous  year,  spending  several  months  at  Turin  for  that  purpose. 

4  On  Aug.  19  Wotton  sent  news  to  Winwood  of  the  recapture  of  Pontebba  in 
Friuli  from  the  Austrians,  on  St.  Rocco's  day,  '  upon  which  here  doth  run  the 
more  jolly  discourse,  by  happening  upon  the  day  of  that  Saint,  which  this  State 
hath  canonized  long  since,  but  the  Pope  not  yet.'     (S.  P.  Ven.) 

5  Vincenzo  Gonzaga  (1594-1027),  Cardinal  in  1015,  married  in  1017  Isabella 


: 


104  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

widow,  or  I  am  deceived,  of  the  house  of  Gonzaga,  who  hath  thre 
sons  living  by  her  former  husband,  and  doth  herself  (to  use  th 
phrase  in  Don  Quixote)  border  upon  forty  years  ;  a  pretty  and  logical 
match,  if  a  man  mark  it.  Which  accident,  though  little  considerable 
in  itself,  is  likely  to  breed  much  change  in  the  public.  For  hi 
brother  the  Duke  (whose  proper  infirmities  make  him  apprehensive 
conceiveth  it  to  be  done  in  contemplation  of  the  succession,  which  is 
likely  to  facilitate  his  reconcilement  with  Savoy,  or  to  accelerate  his 
own  marriage  by  the  direction  of  Spain  somewhere  else.  And  so 
I  kiss  your  Lordship's  hands,  with  my  ever  remembered  service  to 
my  honoured  lady  your  wife. 

Your  Lordship's  in  all  faithful  love  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 
My  Lord,  I  shall  by  the  next  ordinary  send  your  Lordship  the 
acquittance  of  the  man  you  know.1 

279.     To  James  I. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph.    Wotton  sends  the  King  maps  of 

Piedmont  and  Friuli. 

Venice,  this  ^  of  October,  161fi. 
Most  Gracious  Sovereign, 

I  have  offered  unto  your  Majesty's  excellent  wisdom  by  Mr. 
Secretary  Winwoode,  in  an  express  dispatch  2,  divers  things  to  my 
conceit  of  great  consequence,  wherein  I  humbly  expect  your  gooc 
pleasure.  There  remaineth  no  more  now  but  to  present  unto  you 
Majesty  two  maps  which  I  send,  that,  upon  occasion  of  any  new 
matter  in  this  broken  time,  your  Majesty  may  entertain  yourself 
with  some  view  of  the  places.  The  one  is  of  Piedmont  and  the 
confining  provinces,  which  was  drawn  (as  they  tell  me)  upon  the 
last  j^ear's  motions,  describing  and  distinguishing  the  towns  o 
several  princes  that  lie  there  more  confused  than  I  think  upoi 
any  other  part  of  the  globe  of  the  earth.  The  other  is  a  description 
of  those  parts  of  Friuli  which  are  now  in  action,  where  the  Venetians 

Gonzaga,  daughter  of  Ferdinando,  Duke  of  Bozzolo.     He  succeeded  his  brother 
Ferdinand  as  Duke  of  Mantua  in  1626. 

1  On  Oct.  12,  1616,  «  D.  M. '   (as  Dr.  Marta  signed  himself)  wrote   to  thank 
Carleton  for  money  paid  him.     (S.  P.  Ven.) 

8  This  express  dispatch  was  delayed  on  the  journey,  and  Winwood  wrote  to 
Wotton,  '  you  that  are  vieux  roturier  so  well  experienced  by  so  long  practice, 
cannot  but  know  that  the  safest  and  speediest  conveyance  for  letters  is  by  the 
ordinary.  Gentlemen  that  travel  for  pleasure,  take  leisure  in  their  journ. 
and  oftentimes  make  so  slow  haste  in  the  delivery  of  the  letters  which,  for  their 
credit  and  better  countenance,  they  bring  from  ambassadors,  that  they  will  lie 
in  the  town  some  days  after  their  arrival  before  they  deliver  them  ;  and  so 
perhaps  hath  that  gentleman  to  whom  you  recommended  the  charge  of  these 
letters,  for  as  yet  I  have  no  news  of  him.'  (S.  P.  Ven.,  Oct.  24,  O.S.)  The 
dispatch  is  not  preserved  in  the  Record  Office,  and  probably  never  arrived. 


TO  JAMES   I  105 

take  almost  every  week  upon  the  Austrian  ground  some  fort  or 
town  :  which,  though  they  l»<i  not  things  of  great  consideration, 
yci  it  is  worthy  of  wonder,  even  among  sober  marvellers,  that  such 
I  swelling  imperial  house  cannot  keep  their  own  against  a  single 
gowned  State,  so  long  unacquainted  with  arms,  and  environed  on 
all  sides  with  distasted  minces,  both  spiritual  and  temporal.  Of 
these  things  I  have  discoursed  unto  your  Majesty  in  my  foresaid 
letter  to  Mr.  Secretary  very  largely,  both  the  causes  and  the  remedies. 
And  so  I  rest,  with  continual  prayers  to  our  blessed  God  for  His 
protection  of  your  royal  person  and  estates. 

Your  Majesty's  poor  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

280.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

>'.  P.  TV;/.,  holograph.  Undated,  sent  with  letter  to  James  I  of  Oct.  11  by 
•Mr.  Godfrey,  a  Kentish  merchant':  Gregorio  de*  Monti;  model  of 
B  Venetian  dredging  machine. 

(Venice,  Oct.  11,  1616,  N.S.) 
Privata. 

Right  Honourable, 

In  my  demands  for  my  transportation  and  other  extraordinaries 
(which  will  be  presented  to  your  favourable  hand  by  Mr.  Nicolas 
Pey,  one  of  the  clerks  of  his  Majesty's  kitchen,  who  is  my  attorney), 
the  last  sum  concerneth  Gregorio  de'  Monti,  to  whom  I  have  continued 
the  same  allowance,  wherein  I  found  him  invested  by  Sir  Dudley 
Carleton,  of  thirty  ducats  per  mensem  ;  which  amounteth  to  less 
by  some  forty  pounds  yearly  than  is  allowed  Signor  Maggio,  who 
hath  an  entertainment  from  the  French  King  for  the  same  services 
here  under  his  ambassadors.  And  I  am  bound  to  say  in  truth  that 
he  hath  merited  it,  and  more,  from  his  Majesty,  not  only  for  ten 
years'  service  under  Sir  Dudley  and  me,  and  for  those  months  when 
he  supplied  the  place  alone  during  Sir  Dudley  Carleton's  absence 
in  Savoye,  but  likewise  for  some  hazards  that  he  hath  run  here, 
besides  the  spoiling  of  his  fortune  for  ever  in  all  other  places 
of  Italie  by  this  dependence.  In  which  considerations  I  have 
thought  fit  to  beseech  his  Majesty  to  sign  a  few  lines  for  his  better 
protection  to  the  effect  of  the  enclosed,  which  will  give  him  security 
and  courage  in  his  service. 

I   sent  before,   by   young   M.   Cesar,  the   model   of  that  engine 
which  will  cleanse  our  river  of  the  softer  matter  \  and  I  have  now 

1  Probably  for  use  in  the  salt  marshes  in  Sutton  and  Gedney,  Lincolnshire, 

uiining  11,400  acres,  which  on  Aug.  23,  1615,  were  granted  to  Wotton  and 

Edward  Dymock.     {Col.  S.  P.  Dom..  1633-4,  p.  8.)      Many  allusions  are  to  be 

found  in  Ben  Jonson  and  other  dramatists  to  these  projects  for  draining  the 

Lincolnshire  fens. 


106  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

directed  my  solicitor  unto  your  Honour,  with  a  draught  of  another 
new  invention  for  the  same  end,  and  likewise  with  the  shape  of 
that  instrument,  both  in  picture  and  in  paper,  wherewith  the} 
void  the  harder  clay  and  gravel. 

With  my  solicitor,  the  merchant,  Mr.  Blunt,  will  likewise  repaii 
unto  you,  with  all  due  information  for  the  business.  And  so  I  leavt 
it  to  your  wisdom. 

I  reckon  myself  to  be  much  interested  in  your  Honour's  health, 
therefore  I  have  sent  you  by  this  bearer  two  pounds  of  our  best 
Theriaca l,  and  three  pieces  of  such  an  earth,  found  about  Mondovi, 
as  the  world  yieldeth  nothing  of  more  precious  use  in  malign  or 
pestilent  fevers,  being  taken  to  the  weight  of  a  drachm  in  sorrel 
or  borage-water ;  which  I  commend  unto  you  upon  great  ex- 
periences. If  your  Honour,  or  my  Lady  your  wife 2,  take  delight 
in  rare  flowers  and  plants,  I  will  furnish  you  excellently  with 
seeds  and  roots  and  slips.  And  I  have  procured  out  of  Toscanie 
some  olives  for  you,  which  shall  be  sent  by  the  first  opportunity. 
You  see,  Sir,  what  my  fortune  is  by  these  easy  presents. 

I  have  written  to  my  solicitor  to  send  me  one  hither  whose  hand 
I  shall  use  in  copying  of  some  things ;  whom,  if  it  shall  please  you 
to  dispatch  with  a  packet  in  answer  of  those  points  that  I  have  now 
handled,  your  Honour  shall  do  me  a  special  favour.  And  he  shall 
be  brought  to  receive  your  pleasure  by  my  said  solicitor.  An< 
so,  having  worn  out  my  pens  and  my  matter,  both  public  an( 
private,  I  commit  your  Honour  again  to  God's  dear  love. 

Your  Honour's, 
Henry  Wotton. 

My  letter  that  cometh  herewith  to  the  King  containeth  onb 
two  maps ;  the  one  of  Friuli,  the  other  of  Piedmont,  which  an 
the  stages  of  our  present  stirs,  whereunto  his  Majesty  may  recui 
upon  any  new  matter,  to  view  the  places. 

281.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Yen.,  holograph.     News  from  Rome  ;  the  proposed  alliance 
between  Venice  and  the  Protestant  Union. 

The  first  of  November  <1616>, 
in  this  place. 

Let  me  acquaint  your  Honour  with  the  newest  things  that 
I  have  by  secret  intelligence  from  Rome.  That  which  the  French 
Queen    cannot   do  with  this  Pope   no  creature   under  heaven    can 

1  Triaca. 

2  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Nicholas  Bell  of  Totnes,  and  step-daughter  of 
Sir  Thomas  Bodley. 


TO   SIB    RALPH   WIN  WOOD  107 

do;  insomuch  as  one  writeth  unto  me  pleasantly  that  he  thinks 
he  will  canonize  her  while  she  is  living.  Certain  it  is  that  when 
the  news  of  the  Prince  of  Conde '  his  imprisonment  was  delivered 
unto  him  by  the  French  ambassador  at  Frascati,  a  place  of  his 
Retirement,  he  fell  down  on  his  knee,  and  with  tears  in  his  eyes  cried 
'  urn  laudamus.  He  hath  lately  also  used  the  ambassador 
of  this  State  with  extreme  kindness  in  outward  forms  at  his 
audiences,  which  is  here  interpreted  a  piece  of  art.  For  in  this 
place  we  hold  Popes  inseparable  from  Spayne  ;  especially  tender 
and  avaricious  Popes  as  the  present.  Some  told  him  of  late  (as 
it  was  indeed  commonly  voiced  in  Rome)  that  the  Duke  of  Savoye 
had  lost  St.  Germano 2  by  the  falsehood  of  an  Englishman  ;  at  which 
there  was  made  much  sport  in  that  Court,  and  some  of  our  fugitives 
did  extremely  droop  at  it ;  but  it  is  as  true  as  the  rest  of  their 
catechism.  Since  Tirone's  death  3,  his  widow  hath  set  up  the  King 
of  Spayne's  arms  over  her  door,  which  were  not  there  in  all  her 
husband's  time:  an  argument  that  the  pension  is  continued  unto 
her.  There  are  lately  arrived  in  Rome  thirteen  English  youths, 
all  received  into  the  College  very  privately,  whereas  heretofore  in 
Parsons's  time  (who  made  a  glory  of  everything)  they  were  wont 
to  be  presented  to  the  Pope  and  solemnly  blessed.  These  are 
'the  latest  rhapsodies  that  I  have.  And  so,  humbly  committing 
your  Honour  to  God's  blessed  favour,  I  rest  ever, 

Your  Honour's  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Sir,  touching  the  Princes  of  the  Union,  I  beseech  you  to  acquaint 
his  Majesty  that  if  we  seek  to  bind  them  with  this  Republic  either 
in    league    or    strait    correspondence 4   (which    many  times   is   as 

1  The  Prince  of  Conde  (ante,  ii,  p.  84)  was  arrested  on  Sept.  1, 1616,  on  account 
of  his  intrigues  against  Concini. 

2  On  Oct.  19  Wake  wrote  of  the  fall  of  S.  Germano,  which  surrendered, 
although  it  was  well  provisioned,  and  the  Duke  of  Savoy  was  only  six  miles 
away.     (S.  P.  Savoy.) 

3  The  Earl  of  Tyrone,  that  'famous  rogue',  as  Wotton  called  him,  died  at 
1  Rome  in  July,  1616.     *  It  was  thereupon/  Wotton  wrote,  '  the  common  discourse 

in  Roome  that  the  King  would  much  rejoice  at  it ;  of  which,  being  asked  here 
my  opinion,  I  said,  "  as  much  as  they  do  at  the  death  of  a  fly  in  Apulia," 
according  to  our  Italian  proverb.'     (S.  P.  Ven.,  July  27,  1616.) 

4  On  Aug.  1  Wotton  had  urged  on  the  Venetians  the  plan  of  a  league  with  the 
Protestant  powers,  telling  them  that  James  I,  as  the  head  of  the  Union,  had 
already  treated  with  the  Dutch,  and  intended  to  ask  Venice  to  join  with  them. 
He  now  offered  to  travel  himself  to  Germany  to  negotiate,  on  the  part  of  Venice, 
about  this  league,  adding  that  his  journey  would  not  cost  the  Republic  much, 
as  he  was  willing  to  travel  by  post.  The  Republic  thanked  him  for  his  offer, 
but  said  that  they  had  already  sent  an  ambassador,  Vincenzo  Gussoni,  for  this 
purpose.  (Esp.  Prin.,  Aug.  1,  1616.)  On  Sept.  14  the  war  between  Spain  and 
Savoy  broke  out  again,  and  at  the  end  of  October  Wotton  had  two  audiences 
■boat  the  affairs  of  Savoy.  He  was  requested  to  inform  James  of  the  great 
preparations  of  the  Spaniards,  and  the  danger  of  Savoy,  and  to  beg  his  help  for 


108  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

valuable  to  all  purposes  as  a  league),  they  must  by  his  Maj( 
be  somewhat  mollified,  and  brought  from  their  national  austerities 
For  hitherto  (as  far  as  I  conceive)  they  have  not  corresponded  in 
any  due  sort  to  the  demonstrations  of  this  State  towards  them  ; 
not  so  much  as  in  answering  their  letters,  nor  at  the  Count  Palatine's 
Court  in  admitting  Vincenzo  Gussoni,  the  Venetian  ambassador,  to 
his  table,  which  ceremonious  circumstances  without  a  good  mediator 
may  hinder  the  substantial. 

282.     To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph,  extract.     No  date  (for  date  see  note).    The  illness 
of  the  Pope  ;  the  imprisonment  of  Henry  Bertie. 

(Venice,  Jan.,  1617?) 
Right  Honourable, 

Since  the  writing  of  the  enclosed,  we  have  news  by  an  extra- 
ordinary courier  that  the  Pope  this  other  morning,  rising  from 
his  devotions,  fell  into  a  sudden  failing  of  his  feet  and  spirits, 
with  some  distraction  of  fancy,  which  bred  an  opinion  in  that  Court 
that  it  grew  from  the  cumber  of  his  mind  about  the  present  affairs, 
although  naturally  not  much  troubled  with  thoughts. 

I  am  more  sorry  for  an  advertisement  brought  me  by  a  French 
gentleman  and  a  merchant  this  very  day,  that  Mr.  Henry  Bartie  I 
brother  to  my  Lord  Willoughby,  having  viewed  the  Levant,  an( 
returning  homewards  with  the  Raguzean  ambassador  by  land,  whei 
he  had  safely  transported  himself  with  a  very  fine  Turkish  hoi 
(which  he  had  bought  in  Sophia)  cross  the  gulf  from  Ancona 
Ragusa,  was  there  apprehended  by  the  Inquisition  ;    some  say  fc 
the  love  of  his  said  horse,  to  which  the  Governor  had  taken  mud 
liking  ;  others  by  the  secret  accusation  of  a  servant  which  he  had  of  thi 
religion.     Howsoever,  I  am  grieved  with  this  accident,  and  the  mort 
for  being  unable  to  help  him,  through  mine  own  small  credit  with 
the  Inquisitors,  with  whom  perchance  my  intercession  might  rather 
do  him  harm.     Yet  I  will  not  fail  to  use  the  best  oblique  means 
I  can ;  and  my  hope  is  that  the  merchants  there  (who  much  storm 
against  it,  as  a  thing  likely  to  disturb  commercement),  will  bring 
him  out.     I  beseech  your  Honour  to  cause  my  Lord  his  brother 
to  be  acquainted  with  it. 

that  Prince.  '  Lastly,'  Wotton  wrote,  'they  besought  your  Majesty  to  consider 
in  your  wise  heart,  how  vast  and  boundless  the  Spanish  designs  were,  and 
what  reflection  these  present  motions  might  have  upon  other  States  and 
Princes.'     (S.  P.  Ven.,  Nov.  1  ;  Esp.  Piin.,  Oct.  26,  29.) 

1  Henry  Bertie,  brother  of  Robert,  twelfth  Lord  Willoughby  de  Eresby.  He 
was  a  cousin  of  the  Earl  of  Oxford.  Wotton  again  mentions  Bertie's  imprison- 
ment on  Jan.  26,  1617  ;  this  dispatch  must  have  been  written  shortly  before 
that  date. 


I 


TO   SIR  RALPH   WINWOOD  109 

283.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

8,  V.  I'm.,  holograph,  extract.    The  dangerous  state  of  the  Duke  of 
►Savoy's  affairs  ;  Scioppius  ;  Henry  Bertie  ;  De  Doininis. 

From  Venice,  the  i#  of  January,  1617. 

...  Of  the  motions  in  Piedmont,  I  am  desirous  to  tell  his  Majesty 
with  humble  freedom  my  poor  opinion.  I  see  that  the  other  Princes 
are  content  to  look  on,  as  if  they  were  beholding  the  fencers,  or  some 
such  entertainment  in  the  old  Roman  theatres ;  resolving  most 
assuredly  not  to  discover  their  affections,  unless  the  King  of  Spayne 
shall  receive  some  notable  blow.  For  that  perchance  may  dissolve  the 
common  fear,  which  is  yet  stronger  than  the  common  interest.  At 
which  general  stillness,  and  insensibility  of  the  Duke's  case,  I  cannot 
but  much  wonder;  his  subsistence  being  in  all  confession  most 
important,  and  his  ruin  very  probable  or  (to  speak  a  little  more 
warily)  very  possible.  For  unless  he  shall  be  assisted  more  than 
hitherto  by  the  inward  Princes  with  conjunction  of  arms,  I  am 
of  opinion  that  the  silent  support  of  moneys  sent  him  from  hence 
(which  is  likely  to  last  no  longer  than  the  cause)  will  but  serve  the 
turn  to  help  him  to  overthrow  himself  with  his  own  vigour.1  I  wish 
I  may  err  in  this  conceit.  .  .  . 

My  friend  Scioppius  is  come  to  Milan  and  is  so  castiglionated, 
that  he  hath  written  a  treatise  in  Spanish  de  Admirandis  Hispamae, 
which  I  send  his  Majesty  herewith. 

Between  him  and  Puteanus  there  passeth  ordinary  correspondence 
of  letters,  and  the  said  Puteanus  hath  written  unto  him  (whereof 

1  The  affairs  of  the  Duke  of  Savoy  seemed  almost  in  a  desperate  condition 
during  the  winter  of  1616-17.  In  his  audience  of  Dec.  7,  1616,  a  resolution  of 
the  Senate  was  read  to  Wotton,  strongly  urging  James  I  to  assist  the  Duke,  as 
his  condition  was  desperate,  and  there  was  no  hope  of  peace.     (Ven.  Arch.  Delib. 

..  Dec  2  ;  Esp.  Prin.,  Dec.  7.)  On  Jan.  1  Wotton  sent  the  report  of  a  rumour 
to  the  effect  that  the  Pope  was  forming  a  league  of  Italian  Princes  for  the 
common  defence  ;  such  a  sudden  change  in  the  Papal  policy  was,  he  said,  hard 
to  believe, '  therefore  we  stand  with  elevated  ears,  hearkening  what  will  become 
of  it.'  (S.  P.  Ven.)  l  This  is  pretty  boiling  stuff,'  he  wrote  on  Jan.  1,  '  wherein 
I  hope  the  Almighty  hath  some  great  intendment  to  teach  this  wise  nation 
a  higher  wisdom  than  they  had  before,  to  purge  them  of  error,  and  to  melt 
them  anew  in  the  furnace  of  war.'  (Ibid.)  On  Jan  26  he  wrote  that  the  Pope 
had  drawn  back.  In  February  the  report  was  that  Venice  would  make  peace  on 
its  own  terms  and  abandon  Savoy  ;  '  I  am  bound  to  believe,'  Wotton  added, 
*  that  this  grave  and  wise  State  (seldom  varying  from  their  own  substantial 
principles)  will  not  make  any  scruples  about  the  means  of  their  quietness,  if 

y  may  be  satisfied  in  the  subject.'     Trouble  was  therefore  likely  to  arise 

j "between  Savoy  and  Venice,  'unless  charity  be  grown  as  well  a  political  as 

gical  virtue.'     (Ibid.,  Feb.  — ,  Feb.  10,  1617.)     But  at  the  end  of  Lent, 

1  in  this  week  when  confessors  are  more  busy  than  ambassadors.'  Wotton  was 

summoned  to  the  Colleyio  to  hear  the   it-port  contradicted  that  Venice  would 

uuik.    a   separate  peace.     (Ibid.,  March  24  ;  Esp.  Prin.,  March  22.)      In  April, 

i.  a  conference  was  agreed  upon,  and  peace  was  finally  concluded  in 

ieptember. 


110  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


.k«. 


:: 


he  is  nothing  dainty)  that  one  was  hurt  in  Lovan  by  being  mistake 
for  him.  Sure  Puteanus  did  feign  it  to  keep  him  from  thence, 
because  two  parasites  cannot  well  live  together.  Howsoever,  this 
rascal,  by  aggravating  his  own  fears,  becomes  of  some  value  among 
men  of  none,  and  gets  dinners  and  suppers  by  it.  He  hath  writte 
to  the  Pope  for  a  pension  of  700  crowns,  and  that  he  may  live  i: 
Rome  securely  ;  whither  I  could  wish  him  to  return,  for  the  ac- 
complishing of  that  note  in  Tacitus  long  since  of  that  place :  quo 
omnia  (saith  he)  flagitiosa  et  pudenda  confluunt.1 

Of  Mr.  Henry  Bartie's  imprisonment  by  the  Inquisition  at  Ancona 
I  have  advertised  before  ;  and  am  afraid  he  will  perish  in  it.  I  am 
warned  from  Rome  to  keep  all  my  friends  thence,  for  the  Pope 
is  extremely  nettled  with  the  Archbishop  of  Spalatroe's  defection, 
of  whom  I  must  needs  say  somewhat  for  his  Majesty's  entertainment. 
They  know  not  how  to  blemish  the  matter  seriously,  and  therefore 
I  think  they  study  how  to  make  it  ridiculous.  If  my  memory 
do  not  fail  me  it  is  Quintilian's  rule,  Quod  non  potes  refutare  elude.2 
To  which  purpose  they  have  cast  out  a  voice  (spread  farther  than 
a  man  would  imagine)  that  the  King  intendeth  to  make  him  a  Pope, 
and  to  erect  about  him  a  College  of  Cardinals,  with  such  other  stuff 
of  this  kind  ;  which  by  a  habit  of  hearing  little  truth,  they  are 
made  apt  to  believe.     And  this  is  all  that  I  can  say  to  it. 

284.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

»S'.  P.  Ven.,  holograph,  extract.     Lord  Oxford  and  Henry  Bertie. 

From  Venice,  this  3d  of  February 
(1617),  st.  n. 

.  .  .  My  Lord  of  Oxford 3,  having  at  Florence  heard  of  the  irnprisoi 
ment  of  Mr.  Henry  Barte,  his  near  kinsman,  by  the  Inquisition  at 
Ancona,  went  the  next  day  in  post  to  Rome,  after  he  had  first 
procured  the  Great  Duke's  palace  there  for  his  own  security,  and 
letters  of  favour  which  were  to  follow  him.  Since  which  time 
Mr.  Barte  was  removed  (perchance  upon  his  intercession)  to  Rome. 
I  pray  God  it  may  be  as  profitable  for  his  friend,  and  as  safe  for 
himself,  as  it  is  nobly  done.     For  my  part,  the  best  service  that 

1  Wotton  is  quoting  the  famous  account  in  Tacitus  of  the  spread  of  Christianity  : 
'  Repressaque  in  praesens  exitiabilis  superstitio  rursus  erumpebat,  non  modo 
per  Iudaeam,  originem  eius  mali,  sed  per  urbem  etiam,  quo  cuncta  undique 
atrocia  aut  pudenda  confluunt  celebranturque.'     (Ann.  xv.  44.) 

2  Quint,  vi.  4  '  Neque  enim  refutanda  tantum,  quae  e  contrario  dicuntur,  sed 
contemnenda,  elevanda,  ridenda  sunt.' 

3  Henry  de  Vere,  eighteenth  Earl  of  Oxford  (1593-1625).  He  was  travelling 
abroad,  chiefly  in  Italy,  from  1613  to  1618.  He  went  to  serve  in  the  war  in  the 
Low  Countries,  and  died  at  the  Hague  in  1625.     (D.  X.  B.) 


TO   SIR  RALPH   WINWOOD  111 

I  could  do  him  was  to  do  nothing.  For  though  I  could  heartily  \\  i-sh 
him  tree  from  those  tyrants  of  consciences,  yet  I  should  in  good 
faith  be  much  ashamed  that  I  were  able  to  help  him.  Now,  having 
never  yet  by  any  intelligence  understood  the  particular  cause  of  his 
restraint,  I  will  set  down  what  I  conjecture  upon  certain  bare 
circumstances.  Mr.  Porie ',  secretary  to  the  ambassador  at  Con- 
stantinople, took  pains  to  translate  the  King's  book  against  the 
Cardinal  Peron,2  out  of  French  into  Italian,  upon  request  of  the 
Venetian  ambassador  there,  who  had  taken  much  pleasure  at  certain 
passages  thereof,  which  had  been  told  him.  About  this  time,  when 
the  translation  was  finished,  Mr.  Barte  was  in  the  Levant,  whence  he 
came  over  land  with  the  Raguzean  ambassador ;  whereupon  I  am 
fallen  into  a  conceit  that  Mr.  Porie  did  send  the  said  book  by  him 
in  Italian,  and  that  Mr.  Barte's  man  (who  was  a  papist)  did  bewray 
it  in  Ancona.  To  this  conjecture  I  am  led  by  finding  in  all' 
Mr.  Porie's  letters  written  hither  about  that  time,  a  very  eager  desire 
to  know  whether  Mr.  Barte  were  safely  arrived  in  Venice  ;  which 
yet  perchance  may  have  proceeded  from  his  particular  affection.  If 
my  fancy  should  be  true  his  case  is  the  very  same  as  Mr.  Mole's,  and 
then  I  fear  it  will  go  hard  with  him.3 

285.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Veu.,  extract.     Reception  of  Count  John  Ernestus  of  Nassau  ; 
Dutch  and  English  troops  at  Venice. 

Venice,  this  14th  of  April,  1617, 
stil.  n. 
Right  Honourable, 

The  Count  John  Ernestus  of  Nassaw4  arrived  well  here   on 
Saturday  last,  and  Sir  John  Vere5,  his  Lieutenant-General,  some  two 

1  John  Tory  1570  V-1035),  traveller,  geographer,  aiid  letter-writer,  who  was  in 
Turkey  from  1613  to  1616  as  secretary  to  the  English  ambassador,  Sir  Paul  Pindar. 

2  Didaratiuii  clu  .  .  .  Hoy  Jacques  .  .  .  pour  le  droit  des  Eois  et  independance  de  lews 
Couronnci,  cotdre  la  harangue  d'  Villustrissime  Cardinal  du  Perron,  &c,  Londres,  1615. 

3  On  Feb.  24  Wotton  wrote,  '  from  Rome  my  Lord  of  Oxford  is  returned  to 
Florence,  and  riding  post,  took  a  fall  on  the  way,  which  did  much  endanger  his 
Itg,  whereof  he  is  yet  a  little  lame.  His  kinsman  Mr.  Henry  Barte  he  could 
not  deliver,  but  hath  left  things  in  some  good  hope,  having  wrought  some  of  the 
English  College  to  favour  him,  and  so  came  away  himself;  for  his  own  abode 
there  was  both  unfruitful  and  unsafe.'     (S.  P.  Ven.) 

*  Count  John  Ernestus  of  Nassau  (who  had  served  under  the  Duke  of  Savoy 
in  1615)  came  to  Venice  in  April,  1617,  in  command  of  3,000  Dutch  troops  to  help 
e  in  the  Uscock  war.  He  died  in  Sept.  1617.  Wotton  praised  him 
highly  to  the  Doge,  '  If  I  had  to  select  a  Prince  of  the  house  of  Nassau,  he  is 
1  should  choose.  I  have  had  occasion  to  know  him  familiarly  ;  he  is 
brave,  good,  not  rash  like  some,  but  prudent  and  discreet.'  (Esp.  Prin.,  Dec  7, 
1616.) 

4  Sir  John  Vere,  natural  son  of  Sir  Horace  Vere's  elder  brother,  John  Vere  of 
Kirby  Hall.  He  was  serjeant-major  in  Sir  Horace  Vere's  regiment,  and  was 
knighted  in  1607.     (Markham,  The  Fighting  Veres,  pp.  384,  422.)     He  came  to 


112  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

days  after  him,  and  withal  came  news  (as  if  they  had  fitted  their 
own  steps  to  the  wind)  that  seven  of  their  ships  were  anchored  at 
the  Cape  of  Istria.  .  .  .  How  glad  they  are  of  him,  they  have  beer 
willing  to  bewray  by  his  entertainment  in  their  towns,  where 
I  will  set  down  a  little  taste  from  his  own  description,  who  told  me 
that  at  Brescia  (and  proportionably  in   the   rest),  besides  infinii 
coaches  sent  out  to  meet  him,  volleys  of  shot,  drums  beating  anc 
trumpets  sounding,  he  was  afterwards  brought  by  the  Rectors  to  hi* 
lodging,  through  ten  well-furnished  chambers,  and  in  every  one  of 
them  different  music. 

Here  (being  the  seat  of  the  State)  his  reception  was  more  temperate, 
as  to  a  general  of  a  brave  house,  but  withal,  as  an  entertained 
personage. 

286.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph,  extract.     The  Duke  of  Ossuna's  fleet  in  the  Adriatic. 
The  assassination  of  Concini ;  Lord  Oxford  at  Venice  ;  Henry  Bertie. 

(Venice,  May  5,  1617,  N.S.> 
Right  Honourable, 

I  have  written  before  that  the  fleet  of  the  Viceroy  of  Naples1 

was  entered  this  Gulf;   that  his  ships  were   first  seen  under  the 

Island  of  Curzuolo,  that  afterwards  two  of  them  had  some  encounter 

in  the  mouth  of  the  harbour  of  Lesina,  with  a  galcazza  and  thr< 

Venice  with  Count  John  of  Nassau  in  command  of  six  hundred  English  troops 
On  Oct.  2  Wotton  recommended  Vere  for  promotion  after  the  death  of  Coun 
John.  '  He  is  of  the  house  of  Vere,  a  near  cousin  of  the  Earl  of  Oxford  ;  an 
when  I  name  the  house  of  Vere,  1  mean  one  of  the  most  famous  of  families, 
which  has  produced  some  of  the  most  heroic  spirits  which  have  ever  made  thei: 
worth  known  in  the  Christian  world.  He  has  been  for  twenty  years  a  captain 
and  has  fought  in  all  the  great  battles.  If  this  captain  draws  back  from  an 
occasion  of  fighting,  may  I  be  hanged'  (vorrei  essere  impiccaio).  (Ibid.)  Th 
desired  promotion  was  not,  however,  given  to  Vere. 

A  letter  from  Sir  John  Vere  to  Sir  Dudley  Carleton,  dated  Sept.  17,  1617 
and  written  in  a  scrawling  boyish  hand,  gives  a  little  glimpse  of  the  gallant  but 
ungrammatical  soldier,  and  his  view  of  affairs.  '  The  stat  here  labers  harde  for 
a  Peace,  I  hope  they  will  goe  better  about  that  biesnes  than  Warres  ;  for 
bergening  (bargaining)  they  are  harde  nouf  for  any  man.  They  do  consume 
a  greatdell  of  money  to  lietell  effect,  and  if  it  do  continu  they  are  lykly  to  have 
a  falle,  and  it  is  not  ondeserved,  for  ther  wicikedness  is  obomnable.  I  omble 
crave  your  LPs  pardon  for  my  faults  and  for  my  ill  writinge  .  .  .  Jho.  Vere.' 
(S.  P.  Ven.) 

1  The  Duke  of  Ossuna,  Viceroy  of  Sicily,  was  appointed  Viceroy  of  Naples, 
where  he  arrived  in  July,  1616,  and  began  preparing  a  fleet  to  threaten  Venice. 
Wotton  first  mentioned  this  fleet  in  a  dispatch  of  Feb.  24,  1617  ;  it  was  then 
being  prepared  under  the  well-worn  old  pretext  of  an  attack  on  the  Turks, 
'  which  yet  it  shall  not  be  very  absurd,'  he  wrote,  '  for  the  nearer  Christians  to 
suspect.  And  in  those  apprehensions  this  State  is  commonly  not  the  dullest.' 
During  this  trouble  with  Ossuna,  Wotton,  as  usual,  did  all  he  could  to  urge  on 
the  Venetians  to  hostile  measures.  'They  should  not,1  he  told  the  Colleyio,  'allow 
people  to  say  of  the  Venetian  Senate  what  was  formerly  said  of  the  Athenian, 
that  it  was  the  most  wise  Senate  in  the  world,  but  while  the  Athenians  were 
deliberating  the  Lacedaemonians  were  acting.'     (Esp.  Prin.,  Dec.  13,  1617.) 


TO   SIR   RALPH   WTNWOOD  113 

ordinary  galleys  of  this  State  ;  since  which  time  they  have  been 
ranging  and  retiring,  sometimes  by  the  places  belonging  to  the 
Venetians,  sometimes  under  the  promontory  of  Sabioncello,  which 
the  Raguzeans  command.  And  we  yet  know  not  what  will  be  the 
issue,  nor  how  we  shall  baptize  this  action  ;  the  civilest  sort  call  it 
an  '  intrusion  ',  the  most  part  an  *  invasion  \  If  it  prove  ill,  it  must 
be  excused  by  the  standard  of  the  Duke  of  Ossuna  ;  if  it  prosper, 
the  King  his  master  may  chance  lend  it  his  name.  Certain  it 
is  that  they  be  here  most  sensible  of  the  affront,  especially  falling  out 
at  this  time  of  the  year,  when  the  Republic,  by  a  long  foolish 
custom,  is  to  marry  the  sea ;  for  it  soundeth  as  if  the  Viceroy  had 
sent  to  forbid  the  banns.  .  .  . 

Now  while  we  stand  in  expectation  what  the  conference  in  Spain 
will  breed ;  in  much  trouble  at  the  daily  increase  in  charges,  in  disdain 
of  this  affront  by  sea,  in  shame  of  the  little  success  of  the  Grisons 
business,  in  dislike  of  the  present,  and  in  doubt  of  the  future,  we  are 
surprised  with  a  courier  from  France,  bringing  hither  in  six  days 
advertisement  of  the  death  of  the  Marquis  d'Ancre,1  killed  by  the 
King's  commandment;  which  hath  extremely  eased  our  hearts.  For 
upon  it  we  make  these  consequences:  France  will  be  quiet;  the  Duke 
of  Savoy  will  want 2  no  help  from  thence ;  the  Spaniards  will  be 
mortified,  or  at  least  mollified  ;  the  passage  of  the  Grisons  will  be 
open.  Et  quid  non  ?  Of  which  things  a  few  days  are  likely  to  give 
some  true  judgement.  .  .  .  Here,  besides  the  captains  and 
soldiers,  are  more  gentlemen  of  our  nation  at  the  present  than  have 
^ver  been  seen  before  in  this  place.    The  chief  is  my  Lord  of  Oxford,8 

1  Concini,  the  favourite  of  Marie  de'  Medici,  killed  by  Luynes  and  Vitry,  at 
he  command  of  the  young  King  Louis  XIII.  '  His  death,'  Wotton  wrote  on 
Tune  9,  '  was  universally  liked,  the  form  universally  discommended,  though  by 
i  nation  that  doth  wink  at  such  kind  of  resolutions,  even  in  private  persons/ 

,  S.  P.  Ven.) 

2  '  Want,'  i.  e.  lack. 

8  On  April  27  Wotton  presented  the  Earl  of  Oxford  to  the  Doge.  ' 1  have  no 
•usiness  to  transact  with  your  Serenity,'  he  said,  *  every  other  occasion  to  come 
nd  pay  my  respects  is  welcome.  I  have  brought  hither  to  the  Palace  a  Lord 
f  high  rank,  one  of  the  greatest  noblemen  of  our  country.  He  is  the  Earl  of 
>xfurd.  the  heir  of  his  house,  and  he  bears  the  title  of  Grand  Chamberlain, 
.  liii-li  for  a  long  time  has  been  hereditary  in  his  family.  In  other  ages  his 
ncestors  have  rendered  great  services,  and  to-day  the  general  of  the  forces  in 
lie  Low  Countries  is  of  the  same  family,  as  well  as  a  colonel  under  Count  Ernest 
f  Nassau.  This  Lord  has  spent  some  time  at  Florence,  to  learn  the  language, 
nd  practise  equestrian  exercises  ;  and  now,  in  this  time  of  noise,  he  has  come 
i  till-  city,  wishing  to  visit  the  army,  and  also  to  take  his  sword  in  hand  for 
ice  of  your  Excellencies.  Your  Serenity  will  oblige  me,  if  he  may  be 
llowed  to  enter  and  kiss  your  hands,  and  then  may  visit  the  beauties  of  Venice, 
)  see  which,  beyond  their  universal  fame,  which  is  an  incentive  to  every  one, 
has  an  especial  motive  in  the  example  of  his  father,  who  in  former  times 
ime  to  Italy,  and  when  he  arrived  in  Venice,  took  no  trouble  to  see  the  rest  of 
ie  country,  but  stopped  here,  and  even  built  himself  a  house.'  (Esp.  Prin., 
pril  27,  1617.) 


114  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

come  newly  from  the  Court  of  Tuscany  ;  a  gentleman  who  hath 
added  much  abroad  both  to  his  stature  and  judgement,  and  kept  his 
religion  very  sound,  which,  with  his  other  civil  abilities,  make  me 
hope  that  he  will  prove  a  brave  instrument  for  the  honour  and 
service  of  his  country.  His  kinsman,  Mr.  Barte,  is  at  Rome,  free 
from  the  Inquisition,  and  hath  scope  to  walk  about,  but  is  still 
restrained  from  departure.  In  Padua  is  lately  dead  old  Mr.  Willugh- 
bie1,  an  infectious  Papist,  of  a  still  and  dangerous  temper,  in  that 
place  where  our  gentlemen  make  commonly  some  abode.  He  hath 
left  his  movables  to  the  seminaries  at  Rome,  Rhems,  and  Doway, 
his  body  to  the  Theatini,  with  one  hundred  of  these  lire  for  as  many 
masses  to  be  sung  for  his  soul.  And  is  not  this  a  conscionable 
religion,  where  a  man  may  go  to  heaven  so  cheaply  ?  With  which 
question  I  will  end;  committing  your  Honour  to  God's  continual 
love,  and  resting, 

Your  humble  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Written  the  morning  after  the  solemnity  of  the  Ascension, 2  which 
hath  this  year  been  celebrated  here  with  a  very  poor  show  of  gondolc, 
by  reason  of  a  decree  in  Senate  against  the  courtesans,  that  none  of 
them  shall  be  rowed  con  due  remi ;  a  decree  made  at  the  suit  of  all 
the  gentlewomen,  who  before  were  indistinguishable  abroad  from 
those  baggages.3 

287.    To  the  Lords  op  the  Privy  Council. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph.     Duplicate  in  possession  of  Mrs.  Alfred  Morrison 
Fonthill,   privately    printed    in    Collection   of  Autograph  Letters,   4j 
formed  by  Alfred  Morrison,  vol.  vi,  pp.  435-6.     Wotton  sends  to  Englai 
Tommaso  Cerronio,  Praepositus  of  the  Jesuit  College  at  Milan. 

From  Venice,  this  30th  of  May,  1617. 
Style  of  the  place. 

I  do  address  this  dispatch  to  your  Lordships  for  two  respects  ; 
first,  for  the  height  and  importance  of  the  subject  thereof,  which 
doth  give  it  a  more  bold  access  unto  your  wisdoms,  than  it  could 
otherwise  receive  from  any  ability  of  the  writer. 

Next,  for  that  in  a  business  of  such  a  nature,  as  neither  greater 

1  Richard  Willoughby,  who  was  Councillor  and  Elector  for  the  English  nation 
at  the  University  of  Padua,  1592-3.  (Andrich,  p.  43.)  He  entertained  Coryat 
at  Padua  in  1608.     {Crudities,  p.  156.) 

2  May  4,  1617,  N.S. 

3  In  another  dispatch  of  this  date  Wotton  explains  that  the  courtesan^ 
refused  to  attend  this  solemnity  (the  marriage  of  the  Doge  to  the  sea)  ir 
gondolas  rowed  with  one  oar.     'So  proud  are  those  baggages,'  he  adds. 


TO  THE   LORDS   OF   THE    PRIVY   COUNCIL     115 

nor  stranger  (all  considered)  hath  ever  befallen  any  public  minister. 
It  shall  be  an  ease,  and,  as  I  may  term  it,  a  quicta  est,  unto  my  own 
conscience,  to  give  up  an  accompt  of  my  proceedings  into  the 
trustiest  hands,  even  before  the  event  can  appear  unto  his 
Majesty. 

Your  Lordships  may  therefore  be  pleased  to  understand  that,  by 
the  means  of  the  Caponi,  a  principal  Florentine  family  trading  in 
this  bourse,  I  received  the  first  letter  of  the  three  from  Milan  (whereof 
I  now  send  the  very  originals,  with  their  several  endorsements), 
fourteen  days  after  the  date  thereof,  importing,  as  your  Lordships 
see,  no  less  in  the  very  front,  than  the  certain  death  of  the  King 
and  subversion  of  the  whole  State  ;  and  requiring  from  me  some 
gentleman  of  trust  and  secrecy,  with  competent  provision,  to  conduct 
the  discoverer  (under  the  name  of  Stanislaus,  a  Polonian  knight1) 
unto  his  Majesty;  which  said  knight  was,  by  his  own  direction,  to  be 
found  with  the  Pater  Pracpositus  Sancti  Fidelis  Iesuitarum  at  Milan ; 
apud  quern  hospitor  (saith  he);  which  I  repeat  the  more  curiously, 
being  indeed  the  most  staggering  circumstance  of  the  whole  letter. 
For  though  that  society  be  the  very  true  shop  where  such  practices 
are  forged,  and  consequently  the  ablest  to  open  their  proper  wares, 
yet  they  are  commonly  sure  enough  of  their  own  guests  and  disciples. 
But  finding  it  unfit  for  me  in  such  a  case  to  dispute  umbrages  with 
myself,  I  dispatched  thither  by  post  my  secretary,  Richard  Seamer 2 
(being  little  known  out  of  Venice),  with  the  first  of  my  three  letters, 
whose  copies  are  adjoined  ;  providing  him  both  of  present  moneys, 
and  of  credit  for  one  hundred  pounds  in  Milan  or  Basil,  and  as  much 
in  Antwerp  or  more,  if  he  should  need  ;  and  I  added  to  attend  him 
a  German  courier,  of  language  and  experience  in  the  ways;  the 
rather  that  by  his  company  my  secretary  might  somewhat  shadow  5 
his  own  nation. 

My  said  secretary,  repairing  to  the  assigned  place,  finds  the 
Polonian  knight  converted  into  the  Pater  Praepositns  himself  of 
St.  Fidelis  there ;  who  had  couched  the  foresaid  letter,  and  did  now 
assume  the  whole  business;  showing  my  secretary,  for  his  better 

-uranee,  the  seal  which  he  had  set  upon  the  said  letter,  which  was 
nothing  but  a  bare  circle  and  a  centre,  without  any  arms  or  other 
figure.  What  passed  between  them  at  two  or  three  meetings  (which 
was  little  other  than  dilatory  discourse),  my  said  secretary  will  relate 

1  On  April  17,  1617,  Isaac  Bargrave  wrote  to  the  Earl  of  Suffolk  that  Wotton 
had  received  'a  grave  serious  letter' from  one  Stanislaus,  a  Polish  knight, 
ui \in- information  about  a  plot  of  immanent  danger  to  the  King's  life,  and 
threatening  the  ruin  of  the  whole  land.  {Hist.  MSS.  Com.,  Montague  House  MS., 
p.  198.) 

-  Richard  Seymer,  see  Appendix  III.  3  '  Shadow,'  i.  e.  conceal. 

I  2 


116  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

out  of  his  own  memorials,  when  he  shall  arrive  with  your  Lordships. 
Always  upon  the  transformation  of  the  person,  and  because  there 
was  time  enough  interjected,  he  did  resolve  (though  with  cold 
opinion  of  the  matter)  to  return  thence  in  post  to  me  for  new  counsel ; 
as  having  no  instruction  to  treat  with  a  Jesuit,  and  less  with  one  of 
their  principals,  but  only  with  a  Polonian  knight.  He  brought  with 
him,  from  this  man  (if  such  sportful  notes  may  be  imported  into  so 
weighty  matter),  the  measure  of  his  body  for  a  suit  of  apparel,  which 
he  ordered  to  be  made  in  Milan,  after  the  French  fashion,  prescribing 
some  light  stuff  di  colore  fratesco.  I  cannot  deny  unto  your  Lord- 
ships but  that,  after  conference  with  my  secretary,  I  was  much 
distracted  at  the  dismasking  of  the  person;  whereupon  I  immediately 
sent  to  a  close  and  confident  correspondent,  which  I  have  in  Rome, 
to  inform  me  speedily  (for  thence  it  was  to  be  fetched)  of  the  name, 
of  the  quality,  and  of  the  merits  and  humours  of  the  foresaid  Pater 
Praepositus ;  intending  in  the  meanwhile  to  sound  by  writing  what 
farther  life  or  truth  there  might  be  in  the  business. 

While  I  stood  in  this  suspension,  I  was  prevented  by  the  second 
letter  from  Milan,  sent  by  an  express  messenger  (a  Polonian  youth 
who  had  order,  so  pressingly  did  he  proceed,  to  take  a  note  from  me 
of  the  receipt.  Hereupon  I  resolved  to  write  my  second  letter 
(endorsed  'the  second  to  Milan');1  which,  both  for  expedition  and 
congruity,  I  sent  likewise  by  another  express  courier,  and  not  by 
the  former  which  I  had  employed  with  my  secretary,  because 
I  would  not  deal  by  known  faces.  This  courier  had  a  sudden 
re-dispatch,  and  brought  me  back  a  few  resolute  words  (as  they 
stand  in  appearance),  endorsed  among  my  papers  '  the  third  from 
Milan '.  Now,  my  most  honoured  Lords,  the  very  day  before  the 
last  courier's  return,  I  received  likewise  an  answer  from  my  friend 
at  Rome,  to  the  purpose  before-mentioned,  which  in  truth  did  bring 
me  some  amazement.  I  will,  therefore,  word  by  word,  translate  his 
intelligence  out  of  the  Italian. 

'  The  Superior  of  the  Jesuits  of  the  St.  Fidele  at  Milan  is  not 
called  a  rector,  but  a  Praepositus;  for  they  call  rectors  such  as  ar< 
superiors  of  their  seminaries  and  houses  of  probation  or  novitiates 
but  those  who  govern  their  houses  of  profession  (as  that  is  o 
St.  Fidele)  are  called  Praepositi ;  whereof  there  are  not  commonly 
above  one  or  two,  at  the  most,  in  a  province.  The  said  Praepositus 
at  Milan  is  by  name  called  il  Padre  Tomaso  Cerronio,  by  birth 
a  Milanois;  a  man  of  good  literature,  having  heretofore  professed 

1  The  letters  of  the  Jesuit  Father,  and  copies  of  Wotton's  answers,  are  now  in 
the  Kecord  Office.  (S.  P.  Ven.,  vol.  xxii.)  They  are  all  in  Latin,  and  Wotton's 
are  signed  '  Ottavius  Baldus '. 


>1 

: 


TO   THE   LORDS   OF  THE   PRIVY  COUNCIL    117 

philosophy  in  Milan.1  About  a  year  since  he  was  here  at  Rome,  in 
the  Roman  College  confessor  of  the  students,  which  charge  is  not 
given  but  to  persons  of  the  best  accompt;  and  in  time  past  the 
Cardinal  Bellarmino  had  the  same  place.  He  was  afterwards  sent 
rector  to  Genoa,  and  thence  removed  to  St.  Fidele  in  Milan.'  This 
was  my  friend's  information  from  Rome ;  and  I  must  say  again 
I  was  much  confounded  with  comparing  his  merits  and  the  charges 
he  hath  borne,  and  doth  bear,  with  the  present  employment  and  use 
of  his  person,  which  he  offereth  so  voluntarily,  being  a  great  leap 
from  a  confessor  to  a  discoverer;  wherein  yet  the  very  same  con- 
sideration, which  doth  make  it  most  improbable  (namely,  the  person's 
quality),  did  withal  bind  me  most  to  believe  it.  Such  a  riddling 
business  it  is;  for  though  I  am  far  (I  thank  God)  from  flattering 
myself  in  the  estimation  of  my  own  judgement,  yet  why  should  he 
rate  my  simplicity  so  low  (being  unknown  to  him)  as  to  think 
I  would  believe  a  man  of  his  robe  and  place,  unless  he  knew  his  own 
meaning  to  deserve  it  ?  And  on  the  other  side,  what  pleasure  could 
he  take  in  playing  with  so  high  matters  ?  And  what  glory  or  benefit 
can  he  build  on  my  deception?  For  to  make  me  spend  a  few 
miserable  crowns  in  such  a  case,  or  to  disquiet  a  post  or  two,  were, 
I  must  profess  unto  your  Lordships,  in  my  opinion  a  very  lean  and 
barren  piece  of  malice. 

These  things  considered,  and  withal,  that  it  is  the  part  of  no 
vassal  (as  I  am)  in  any  case  that  may  concern  the  dear  life  of  his 
sovereign,  and  the  safety  of  his  country,  to  provide  for  the  reputation 
of  his  own  belief,  I  have,  according  to  the  foresaid  third  letter 
from  Milan,  sent  my  forenamed  secretary  to  be  at  Basil  within  the 
assigned  day — namely,  the  last  of  this  month — with  due  provision 
and  instruction  to  conduct  the  said  person,  if  he  shall  appear,  down 
the  Rhine,  and  to  let  him  order  his  own  ways,  if  he  shall  suggest  in 
his  discourse  and  fashion  no  notable  occasion  of  distrust ;  otherwise 
to  carry  him,  either  ignorantly — being  unskilful,  as  I  suppose,  of  the 
way-  or  at  the  worst  forcibly  to  the  Palatine  Court,  thence  to  be 
conveyed  to  his  Majesty  by  the  power  and  direction  of  that  Prince 
(whom  I  shall  in  the  meantime  prepare  with  some  general  notice 
thereof),  which  was  Baldwyn's 2  case.    Now,  because  it  might  well  fall 

1  In  the  Fonthill  duplicate  is  added  here,  'To  my  secretary  he  denied  his 
right  name,  and  said  he  would  be  called  on  the  way  Barnabino.'  Isaac  Wake 
describes  him  as  'Tomaso  Cerronio,  by  birth  a  Genovese  ;  a  man  of  active  spirit, 
and  esteemed  in  these  parts  to  have  very  singular  intellectual  parts,  and  very 
pernicious  moral.'     (S.  1'.  Savoy,  Turin,  Nov.  7,  1G17.) 

2  Win.  Baldwin  (1563-1632),  a  Jesuit ;  he  was  ^accused  of  being  accessary 
to  the  Gunpowder  Plot,  but  being  out  of  England,  James  I  was  for  some  time 
unable  to  capture  him.  Finally  he  was  caught  near  the  territory  of  the  Elector 
Palatine,  by  the  orders  of  that  Prince,  and  sent  to  England,  guarded  by  twelve 


118  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

out  that  my  said  secretary  should  need  some  help  on  the  way,  I  have 
adjoined  unto  him  Mr.  Arthur  Terringham1  in  the  present  employ- 
ment, who  was  otherwise  within  a  while  returning  homewards ; 
a  sworn  servant  to  his  Majesty,  and  a  gentleman  of  known  discretion 
unto  your  Lordships.  They  have  instructions  (the  business  pro- 
ceeding) to  acquaint  your  Lordships  with  their  observations  on  the 
way,  and  to  bring  the  person  unto  you  at  their  arrival  ;  for,  though 
the  party  be  likely  to  speak  only  in  his  Majesty's  ear,  yet  peradventure 
your  Lordships  may,  upon  the  general  notice  of  some  machination 
against  the  King  and  the  land,  conceive  some  things  fit  to  be 
provisionally  done  before  it  can  come  to  his  royal  knowledge. 

This  is  the  accompt  from  step  to  step  of  the  present  business, 
which  I  beseech  your  Lordships  to  represent  unto  his  Majesty  as  it 
shall  seem  best  unto  your  wisdoms. 

I  will  end  likewise  by  humbly  beseeching  your  Lordships  not  to 
value  me  by  my  services,  but  by  my  prayers  for  the  common,  and 
your  particular,  prosperities. 

Your  good  Lordships,  in  all  humble 

devotion  and  service, 

Henry  Wotton.2 

288.     To   

Reliquiae,  1st  ed.,  p.  436,  3rd  ed.,  p.  345.  Unsigned,  without  date  or  address ; 
sent  to  one  of  the  Privy  Council  with  the  above  dispatch  about  Cerronio. 
Wotton  sends  his  correspondent  some  products  of  Venice. 

(Venice,  May  30,  1617.) 
Eight  Honourable, 

Master  Nicholas  Pey  (through  whose  hands  all  my  businesses 

did  pass,  both  in  my  former  employments   here,    and    now)   hatl 

betrayed   your  Honour  unto  me  in  some  things    that   you   would 

desire  out  of  this  country,  which  if  he  had  not  done  he  had  betrayed 

me.     For  I  have  long  wished  nothing  more  than  some  occasion  to 

serve  you  ;  and  though  this  be  a  kind  of  intrusion,  to  insert  myself 

in  this  manner  into  your  desires,  yet  I  hope  it  will  please  you  to 

soldiers,  and  bound  with  a  chain  'twice  as  long  as  would  have  been  required  to 
secure  an  African  lion'.  Nothing  was  proved  against  him,  but  he  was  kept  in 
the  Tower  till  1618,  when  he  was  released  at  the  intercession  of  Gondomar. 
(D.  N.  B.) 

1  Arthur  Terringham,  see  Appendix  III. 

2  The  above  dispatch,  sent  not  as  usual  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  or  the  King, 
but  to  the  whole  Council,  caused  great  wonder  in  England.  'The  world  is 
much  confused,'  Sir  Dudley  Carleton  wrote  to  Chamberlain  from  the  Hague  on 
July  17,  '  in  conjecture  at  Fabritio's  late  dispatches,  which  strangers  write 
hither  out  of  his  letters  to  his  friends,  are  matters  of  the  greatest  moment  that 
ever  legatus  peregre  missus,  &c,  sent  to  his  Prince.'  (C.  A  T.  Jas.  I,  ii,  p.  15,  see  also 
p.  22.)  Albertus  Morton,  hearing  of  the  affair  from  Wotton,  hurried  to  Scotland 
from  Heidelberg  to  see  the  King  about  it.     (Ibid.,  p.  14.) 


TO   119 

excuse  it,  because  I  do  it  not  only  with  willingness,  but  in  truth  with 
pleasure :  for  it  falleth  out  that  I  have  a  little  skill,  or  at  least  an 
interest  of  affection  in  the  things  that  you  wish  from  hence,  and 
therefore  even  mine  own  nature  doth  lead  me  to  serve  you,  besides 
my  duty.  I  have  begun  with  a  very  poor  present  of  strings  for 
your  music,  whereof  I  will  provide  hereafter  better  store,  and,  if  it 
be  possible,  of  better  quality.  By  the  first  ship  your  Honour  shall 
receive  some  lutes  of  Sconvelt  and  Mango,1  and  withal  a  chest  of 
glasses  of  mine  own  choosing  at  Murano,  wherein  I  do  somewhat 
pretend,  and  those  artificers  are  well  acquainted  with  me.  Thus 
much  in  private ;  for  the  public  I  have  made  by  this  bearer 2 
a  dispatch  unto  the  whole  body  of  his  Majesty's  most  honourable 
Council,  wherein  your  worthy  person  is  comprehended;  and  there- 
fore I  hope  that  writing  twice  to  your  Honour  now  at  once,  it  may 
serve  (by  your  favour)  for  some  redemption  of  my  former  silence. 
The  subject  of  my  dispatch  is  as  high  as  ever  befell  any  foreign 
minister,  wherein,  though  mine  own  conscience  (I  thank  God)  doth 
set  me  at  rest,  yet  I  shall  be  glad  of  your  honourable  approbation  if 
it  will  please  you  to  afford  it  me  ;  and  so  I  humbly  commit  your 
Honour  to  God's  blessed  love,  remaining, 

At  your  commandments. 

289.     To  Sib  Ralph  Winwood. 

K  P.  Ven.,  dictated,  extract.  No  date  ;  written  after  Wotton's  audience  of 
June  10,  1617.  The  Earl  of  Oxford  wishes  to  raise  troops  for  the 
Venetian  service. 

(Venice,  June,  1617.) 

.  .  .  My  Lord  of  Oxford  intend eth  to  employ  the  intercession  of 
his  friends  at  home,  that  he  may  have  leave  to  contract  with  them 
here,  and  to  transport  unto  them  some  voluntary  troops,3  wherein 
(as  I  conceive  it),  the  King  shall  but  leave  his  subjects  in  their 
natural  liberty,  and  yet  much  oblige  this  State  unto  him,  without 
any  charge  of  his  own,  or  so  much  as  any  direct  engagement  of 
himself  in  the  cause.  My  Lord  himself  is  grown  a  goodly  gentle- 
man, of  great  ability  for  his  years,  both  of  body  and  judgement, 

1  Mango,  an  Indian  tree  (Fennell). 

-  The  bearer  was  Daniel  de  Montafilan,  of  French  birth,  but  educated  in 
England.     (Wotton  to  Winwood,  May  30,  1617,  S.  P.  Ven.) 

3  The  Earl  of  Oxford  planned  with  Sir  Edward  Herbert  (Lord  Herbert  of 
Cherbury)  to  raise  two  regiments  in  England  for  the  Venetian  service.  {Lord 
Herbert,  p.  183.)  But  Herbert  was  sent  ambassador  to  Paris,  and  Lord  Oxford's 
offers  were  not  accepted.  On  July  5th  Chamberlain  wrote  to  Carleton,  '  the 
Earl  of  Oxford  hath  written  from  Venice  for  leave  to  raise  men  here  for  that 
State.  How  he  shall  speed  I  know  not  yet  ;  but  no  doubt  the  Lord  Dingwall 
will  cross  it  all  he  can  with  the  King,  for  the  discontent  he  took  in  that 
business.'     (C.  &  T.  Jas.  1,  ii,  p.  17.) 


120  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

and  hath  already  taken  a  way  to  make  both  his  affection  and  his 
resolution  well  known  to  them  here,  by  going  in  a  very  noble 
manner,  both  himself  and  his  followers,  to  the  siege  of  Gradisca, 
as  the  public  voice  leadeth  him.  And  of  this  I  shall  need  to  say 
no  more,  because  he  proposeth  to  write  himself  unto  your  Honour, 
upon  whose  friendship  he  maketh  much  foundation,  as  he  telleth 
me.  And  in  truth,  Sir,  you  run  everywhere  at  the  rate  of  a  goo< 
friend. 

290.    To  Sir  Ralph  Winwood. 

S.  P.  Ven.f  dictated,  extract.     The  journey  of  the  Praepositus,  and  Wotton's 
speculations  about  him.     The  dangerous  situation  of  Venice. 

Dated  the  14th  of  July,  1617,  stil.  n. 

Right  Honourable, 

Upon  the  knowledge  that  I  have  received  (though  somewhat 
slowly)  from  Basile  and  Heidelberg,  of  the  party's  passage  toward 
England  in  their  company  whom  I  appointed  to  conduct  him,  I  am 
diversely  distracted  in  mine  own  conceit  touching  the  event.  Some- 
times I  am  ready  to  think  that,  upon  the  discovery  of  I  know  not 
what  foreign  or  inward  practice,  he  will  build  a  suit  for  the  freedom 
of  religion.  Sometimes  I  conceive  that  he  may  have  a  secret 
purpose,  and  perhaps  commission,  to  try  if  he  can  revoke  the  Arch 
bishop  of  Spalato  (whose  desertion  the  Jesuits  take  much  to  the 
heart) ;  for  the  working  whereof,  if  that  were  his  scope,  it  were 
necessary  by  some  device  to  procure  first  his  own  security — an 
what  more  plausible  than  matter  of  discovery  ?  Another  whil 
I  am,  methinks,  in  all  reason  bound  to  imagine,  that  either  some 
notable  discontentment  (of  which  there  is  no  apparent  cause  in  his 
fortune,  being  come  to  a  great  degree  in  his  own  ways)  or  some 
inward  feeling  of  the  Truth,  hath  carried  him  out  of  this  country 
of  which  he  seemeth  to  have  given  me  some  light  in  his  last  from 
Milan,  the  day  before  his  departure,  whereof  I  sent  the  original  by 
the  ordinary  post  unto  the  Lords,  as  I  have  done  the  rest  by  a  specia 
messenger,  doubting  of  your  being  in  London.  And  yet  this  las 
conceit  is  crossed  by  a  letter  from  my  secretary,  who  informeth  me 
from  Heidelberg  that  he  did  stiffly  persevere  in  his  own  religion 
unless  perhaps  he  would  not  open  himself  to  them  till  the  end  of  his 
journey.  These  things  I  must  leave  to  his  Majesty's  wisdom,  to 
whose  presence  he  tendeth,  and  is  not  likely  till  then  to  show  the 
bottom.  For  though  his  natural  judgement  be  (as  I  hear)  not  very 
deep,  yet  perhaps  his  own  counsels  may  be  low  enough  in  him.  For 
myself,  and  those  that  I  have  employed,  I  hope,  by  your  favourable 


f 


TO   SIR  RALPH    WINWOOD  121 

presenting  of  my  zeal  and  their  pains,  we  shall  merit  his  Majesty's 
approbation. 

Now,  touching  the  present  affairs  of  these  parts,  the  more  I  con- 
sider them,  the  more  in  truth  I  wonder  to  see  this  sober  country 
grown  at  least  wild,  if  not  mad,  with  passion,  and  a  Republic,  that 
both  by  their  form  of  government,  by  the  lasciviousness  of  their 
youth,  by  the  wariness  of  their  aged  men,  by  their  long  custom 
of  ease,  and  distaste  of  arms,  and  consequently  by  their  ignorance  in 
the  management  thereof,1  lastly  by  the  impossibility,  or  at  least  great 
difficulty,  of  receiving  help  (the  avenues  being  stopped)  should,  I  say, 
by  all  these  reasons  abhor  war,  is  notwithstanding  I  know  not  how 
engaged,  by  all  appearance,  in  an  endless  quarrel  or  shameful  con- 
clusion. Wherein  if  the  merit  of  the  cause  (being  against  a  nest  of 
thieves)  do  not  procure  them  help  from  heaven  beyond  the  discourse 
of  man,  I  know  not  what  will  become  of  them.2 

291.     To  Sir  Thomas  Lake. 

Eton  MS.,  holograph.  The  first  of  sixty-five  dispatches  and  letters  of 
Sir  Henry  Wotton's,  written  in  the  years  1617-20,  and  preserved  at 
Eton  College,  with  a  number  of  other  documents  concerning  Wotton's 
negotiations  during  these  years.  In  1850  all  these  letters  and  docu- 
ments were  printed  by  the  Roxburghe  Club.  In  this  letter  Wotton 
begins  his  official  correspondence  with  the  new  secretary,  Sir  Thomas 
Lake. 

Venice,  this  fa  of  August,  1617. 
Right  Honourable, 

The  enclosed  is  the  answer  unto  his  Majesty's  letter  of  the  4th 
of  July  from  Falkeland. 

1  *  I  have  noted  by  long  observation,'  Wotton  wrote  on  Dec.  27,  1610,  '  that 
no  prince  in  the  world  can  proceed  with  more  caution  than  this  State  in  the 
management  of  the  public  issues,  but  I  have  noted  withal  that  no  prince  of  the 
world  is  more  deceived.'     (S.  P.  Ven.) 

2  "Wotton  took  a  gloomy  view  at  this  time  of  the  state  of  affairs  in  Italy.  The 
Efocock  war  was  not  ended  ;  the  Duke  of  Ossuna  kept  threatening  Venice  with 
his  fleet ;  the  treasures  of  the  Republic  were  becoming  exhausted,  and  in  Savoy 
tin-  uege  <>f  Vercelli  would  soon  end  in  the  surrender  of  that  fortress;  the 
Ifonch  and  the  Orisons  were  bribed  by  Spain  not  to  help  Savoy,  and  finally 
there  was  the  danger  that  Savoy  would  come  to  terms  with  Spain  and  abandon 
Venice.  Vercelli  fell  on  July  26,  but  the  Duke  of  Savoy  did  not  desert  Venice, 
and  as  Philip  III,  or  rather  his  favourite  Lerma,  was  extremely  anxious  for 
peace,  negotiations  were  begun,  which  resulted  in  the  treaty  of  Madrid 
(Sept.  26,  1617),  by  which  the  Savoy  and  Uscock  wars  were  practically  ended  on 
terms  favourable  to  Savoy  and  Venice,  although  the  actual  terms  of  peace 
between  the  Republic  and  the  Archduke  Ferdinand  were  not  settled   until 

lary,  1618. 

3  On  Jan.  3,  1(510,  Sir  Thomas  Lake,  a  confidant  of  the  Howards,  and  a 
pensioner  of  Spain,  was  appointed  secretary  to  balance  Winwood,  who  was 
a  bitter  enemy  of  Spain.  (Gardiner,  ii,  p.  369.)  For  Lake's  attempt  to  discredit 
Wotton  with  the  Venetians,  see  ante,  i,  p.  158.  Lake  was  soon  involved  in  the 
fall  of  the  Howards,  and  in  the  disgrace  of  his  daughter,  Lady  Roos,  and  in 


122  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

How  much  I  think  myself  obliged  unto  you  for  those  friendly 
lines,  which  your  own  pen  did  bestow  upon  me  from  so  remote 
a  place,  I  cannot  show  with  serving  you,  and  therefore  I  will  show 
it  hereafter  with  troubling  you. 

You  have  torn  off  the  mask  of  silence  from  my  face,  and  given 
my  papers  a  confident  access  unto  you.  And  the  next  week  I  wil] 
begin.  This  is  only  to  render  you  most  humble  thanks  for  your  said 
letter,  and  to  pass  the  enclosed  l  unto  his  Majesty  through  your  favour- 
able hand  ;  wherein  is  as  much  as  I  can  discourse  of  the  presenl 
time  ;  and  so,  Sir,  committing  you  to  God's  blessed  love,  I  rest, 

Your  Honour's  to  be  commanded, 

Henry  Wotton. 

292.    To  James  I. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph,  extract.    The  Jesuit  Praepositus. 

From  Venice,  this  8th  of  September,  1617. 
Style  of  the  place. 

.  .  .  Your  Majesty  hath  now  with  you  not  only  a  Jesuit,  but 
a  Preposito,2  of  a  professed   College  of  Jesuits  in*  one  of  the  most 

Feb.  1619,  he  was  forced  to  resign  his  secretaryship.  In  October  of  this  year 
Win  wood  died.  '  I  have  lost  a  friend,'  Wotton  wrote  to  Lake,  '  whereof  a  single 
loss  is  much  unto  me,  that  have  but  few.'  (S.  P.  Ven.,  Dec.  fV)  For  three 
months  the  seals  remained  in  Buckingham's  hands,  and  James  tried  to  act  as 
his  own  secretary,  making  over  the  foreign  correspondence  to  Lake.  Bui 
James  and  Buckingham  soon  got  tired  of  this,  and  on  Jan.  8,  1618,  Sir  Roberl 
Naunton  was  appointed  secretary.  (Gardiner,  iii,  p.  101.)  There  was  some  talk, 
however,  after  Winwood's  death,  of  Wotton  being  appointed  his  successor 
(C.  &  T.  Jas.  I,  ii,  p.  45.)  Sir  Thomas  Wentworth  (Strafford)  wrote  to  Wotton 
on  Nov.  8  thanking  him  for  some  books  Wotton  had  sent  him,  and  expressing 
his  hopes  that  Wotton,  'whose  deserts  are  by  all  men  best  approved,'  might  be 
recalled  to  succeed  Winwood.     {Strafford  Pp.,  i,  p.  8.) 

1  A  long  dispatch  to  the  King,  describing  Wotton's  audience  of  Aiig.  5.  The 
Venetians  before  this  had  asked  James  I  to  make  an  open  declaration  in  their 
favour  against  Spain,  which  he  naturally  refused  to  do,  as  the  Venetians  them- 
selves were  not  formally  at  war  with  that  power.  Wotton,  however,  was 
instructed  to  declare  again  the  friendship  of  the  English  King  for  the  Republic, 
and  to  say  that  James  had  ordered  his  ambassador  in  Spain  to  remonstrate  with 
Philip  III  for  his  conduct  towards  Savoy  and  Venice,  and  to  exhort  him  to 
peace.  The  Doge  in  reply  begged  the  ambassador  to  give  James,  '  their  high 
and  constant  friend  and  patron,  giustissime,  realissime  et  abundantissime  gruzie. 
And  if,  Wotton  adds,  '  there  had  been  more  superlatives  in  the  language,  your 
Majesty  had  surely  had  them  all.'  In  this  audience  Wotton  was  informed  of 
the  peace  negotiations,  and  the  determination  of  the  Venetians  not  to  abandoi 
Savoy.     (Rox.  Club,  pp.  2-6,  Esp.  Prin.,  Aug.  5,  1617.) 

2  The  Praepositus  was  successfully  conducted  to  England  by  Richard  Seymer 
and  Arthur  Terringham  ;  but  when  he  arrived  there  the  King  was  in  Scotland, 
and  he  at  first  refused  to  reveal  his  secret  to  any  one  else.  On  July  16  Winwood 
wrote  to  Wotton  that  he  was  living  at  Lambeth,  engaged  in  studying  Calvin's 
Institution.  On  Aug.  14  he  wrote,  '  I  know  not  well  what  to  say  of  that 
Italian  gentleman  who  accompanied  your  secretary  Mr.  Seymer  into  England. 
He  beginneth  to  lose  all  patience,  having  so  long  attended  here,  notwith- 
standing that  he  is  honourably  treated,  and  entertained  with  all  kindness  and 
courtesy.'  He  was  then  sent  to  Cambridge,  and  then  to  Oxford,  to  pass  the 
time,  while  Arthur  Terringham  rode  to  Scotland  to  consult  the  King  about  him. 


ur 


TO   JAMES    I  123 

famous  cities  of  Europe,  conveyed  into  your  kingdom  by  my 
direction,  who  am  otherwise  no  ordinary  transporter  of  such  kind 
of  merchandise.  I  wish  the  fruit  may  be  as  great  as  the  noise,  and 
that  being  the  weakest  myself  of  your  creatures,  I  may  by  this  and 
other  endeavours  be  worthy,  if  not  of  your  Majesty's  grace,  yet  at 
least  of  some  part  of  the  Pope's  displeasure.  In  the  meanwhile, 
whatsoever  the  event  shall  be,  and  what  interpretation  soever  shall 
follow  it,  I  am  always  sure  of  this  comfort,  that  those  who  shall 
condemn  my  judgement  will  absolve  my  conscience.  And  so  with 
my  continual  prayers  committing  your  dear  and  sacred  person  to 
God's  high  preserving  hand,  I  ever  rest, 

Your  Majesty's  most  faithful  and 

long  devoted  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

293.    To  Sir  Dudley  Carleton.1 

S.  P.  Veit.,  holograph,  postscript.     Relationship  between 
Wotton  and  Carleton. 

From  Venice,  this  29th  of  September,  1617. 
My   Lord, 

I   cannot   omit  a  private  thing  that  is   now  under  my  pen, 

fallen  into  my  memory.     I  have  been  told  by  good  searchers  of 

lie  was  at  last  induced  to  write  what  he  had  to  say  in  a  letter  to  Buckingham, 
but  it  turned  out  to  be  so  '  senseless  and  sleeveless  a  tale '  that  all  were 
astonished  at  a  man  of  his  learning  travelling  so  far  to  tell  it.  He  was  found  to 
be  a  man  of  by  no  means  a  respectable  life,  and  the  English  authorities,  who 
regarded  him  more  as  a  fool  than  as  a  wilful  deceiver,  were  glad  to  get  rid 
of  him  by  giving  him  £100  and  sending  him  out  of  the  country.  (Winwood  to 
Wotton,  S.  P.  Ven.,  July  16,  Aug.  14,  Sept.  19.)  Winwood  commended  Wotton's 
action,  and  praised  his  zeal ;  such  affairs  were  not  to  be  judged  by  their  results, 
and  any  one  would  have  been  deceived  by  a  man  of  such  importance  and 
position.  (Sept.  19.)  To  this  Wotton  replied,  '  I  am  singularly  comforted  by 
your  assurance  that  his  Majesty  doth  graciously  conceive  of  my  poor  endeavours, 
whereof  now  the  greatest  fruit  is  this,  that  we  know  what  kind  of  men  are  the 
presidents  over  those  societies.'  (Oct.  26.)  Chamberlain  and  Carleton  naturally 
took  a  more  hostile  view  of  the  affair.  On  Aug.  9  Chamberlain  wrote  to  Carleton 
that  Winwood  had  told  him  he  did  not  believe  there  was  any  information 
of  importance  to  be  got  from  Cerronio.  '  So  that  I  doubt,'  he  adds,  '  this  legatus 
poegre  missus  will  make  good  his  mentiendi  causa.'  On  Oct.  11  he  wrote  that 
the  tales  Cerronio  told  were  not  'worth  the  whistling,  being  certain  strange 
chimeras  and  far-fetched  imaginations  of  plots  and  dangers  not  worth  the 
knowing,  much  less  the  relating.  Whereupon  it  was  thought  good  to  dispatch 
him  away,  the  rather  for  that  he  grew  scandalously  debauched.  .  .  .  And  here 
is  the  end  of  that  play,  to  tbe  small  honour  of  the  author '.  (C.  &.  T.  Jas.  I,  ii, 
pp.  27,  37,  38.)  At  his  leaving  England  Cerronio's  £100  in  gold  were  taken  from 
him  (under  the  law  forbidding  the  export  of  gold),  and  the  authorities  did 
not  know  where  to  send  it  to  him.  {Ibid.,  p.  38.)  On  Oct.  28,  1617,  Seymer 
Vms  paid  £275  for  the  expense  of  bringing  him  to  England.  (Issues  Ex.,  p.  208.) 
Cerronio  evidently  returned  to  Italy,  for  on  March  15, 1619.  Wotton  wrote  from 
Venice,  '  Of  Corronio  I  have  heard  nothing  since  his  transitory  visitation  of  me 
heir  ;  but  I  conjecture  him  to  be  either  retired,  or  confined  into  Polonia,  about 
Which  I  will  better  inform  myself.'     (Rox,  Club,  p.  111.) 

1  On  Oct.  12  (before  receiving  this  letter)  Carleton  wrote  to  Chamberlain. 


124  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

pedigrees  that  your  Lordship  and  I  are  very  near  kinsmen  by  the 
Gaynsfords.1  Though  the  title  of  friend  be  the  highest  that  even 
our  Saviour  did  ever  give,  yet  let  me  not  lose  this  other  hold  of  you. 
Therefore  I  pray  your  Lordship  to  give  me  some  little  instruction 
of  your  interest  in  the  foresaid  name,  and  in  the  meanwhile  t( 
remember  my  humble  service  to  your  honoured  Lady. 

294.    To  Sir  Thomas  Lake. 

Eton  MS.,  holograph,  Box.  Club,  p.  9.     Postscript  to  dispatch  of 
this  date.     Italian  converts  ;  Scioppius. 

Venice,  this  10th  of  November,  1617. 
Style  of  the  place. 

It  may  please  you,  Sir,  to  acquaint  his  Majesty  that  I  have 
been  here  very  closely  dealt  withal  in  the  behalf  of  an  Italian 
bishop,  and  of  another  person  of  great  learning  (as  yet  both 
unnominated),  who  as  they  say,  di  puro  zelo  and  di  certa  scienza, 
are  resolved  to  leave  this  Church,  and  would  retire  into  his  Majesty's 
protection.  I  will  add  to  this  for  entertainment  that  my  friend 
Schioppius2  (guarded  always  with  a  brace  of  bravi)  hath  lately,  as 
I  hear,  written  and  intendeth  to  print  at  Eome  a  Centuria  Censurarum, 
but  about  what  subject  I  yet  know  not. 

295.     To  Sir  Dudley  Carleton. 

S.  P.  Ven.y  holograph,  extract.     Rumour  of  James  Fs  leniency  to  Catholics. 

Nov.  if  <1617). 

.  .  .  Sir  John  Vere  is  gone  to  take  his  leave  at  the  camp.     M; 
Lord  of  Oxford  (is)  in  a  little  course  of  physic  at  Padova,  against 
kind  of  vertiginousness  that  doth  at  some  times  assail  him,  and  S( 
hath  done  for  long  time,  but  the  fits  are  slight. 

I  will  end  with  telling  your  Lordship  that  all  the  Gazeltanti  here 
of  this  week  have,  in  their  idle  leaves,  scattered  a  report  that  the 
King  hath  lately  much  enlarged  the  liberties  of  the  Papists  in 
England,  with  I  know  not  what  hope  of  farther  grants  unto  them. 
Whereupon  I  did  privately  (because  the  matter  is  tender)  confer 

'  Fabritio's  correspondence  and  mine  is  at  present  at  a  stand,  for  he  puts  me 
still  in  expectation  of  his  next,  and,  in  answer,  I  have  referred  him  to  my  last  ; 
which  I  mean  shall  be  my  last  to  him,  without  greater  occasion  be  offered.' 
(C.  &  T.  Jas.  I,  ii,  p.  39.) 

1  Sir  Henry  Wotton's  maternal  grandmother,  Catherine  Finch,  was  the 
daughter  of  Sir  John  Gainsford.  Her  brother,  Erasmus  Gainsford,  married 
Jane  Carleton,  Sir  Dudley  Carleton's  aunt.     (Surrey  Arch.  Collections,  iii,  p.  60.) 

2  On  Aug.  25  Wotton  wrote  that  Scioppius  had  recently  gone  to  Rome  from 
Milan.  '  We  shall  shortly  hear,'  he  adds,  '  somewhat  more  of  his  venerable 
person.'     (S.  P.  Ven.) 


TO   SIR   DUDLEY   CARLETON  125 

with  two  of  them  from  what  ground  they  had  it.  They  both  agree 
that  it  is  come  in  letters  from  Flanders,  and  written  hither  gagliar* 
wamente.  1  have  not  yet  had  time  to  trace  the  originals,  but  in 
the  meantime  I  mark  by  it  with  how  many  arts  the  King  is 
besieged.  Sometimes  they  preach  against  his  persecutions,  some- 
times they  vaunt  of  his  lenities ;  being  enough  to  put  me  in  mind 
of  th.it  which  I  have  read  in  a  Schoolman  that  Diabolus  solus  suadet 
foniraria. 

296.    To  Sir  Thomas  Lakk. 

>'.  /'.  \'<  n.,  dictated,  extract.   No  date,  endorsed  '1  Jan.,  1617'  (i.  e.  1618). 
A  fire  in  Wotton's  house  ;  Mole  in  the  Inquisition. 

(Venice,  Jan.  1,  1618.) 
Right  Honourable. 

I  have  expressly  dispatched  this  young  gentleman  for  some 
causes  that  I  shall  set  down,  when  I  have  first  acquainted  his  Majesty 
with  an  unhappy  accident  fallen  here  upon  my  habitation  by  mis- 
chance of  fire  ;  which  being  kindled  first  (we  know  not  how)  in 
a  ground  room  under  my  kitchen  (where  certain  boards  and  other  old 
dry  materials  were  locked  up  by  the  landlord)  and  increasing  while 
we  were  all  asleep,  took  such  fury  before  we  could  get  fit  things  or 
help  to  quench  it,  that  it  hath  consumed  all  the  roofs  and  whole 
timber  works  in  the  best  part  of  my  house  ;  the  neighbours  and  such 
assistance  as  came  (though  late)  to  help  us,  more  labouring  on  each 
side  to  keep  the  fire  from  ranging  farther,  than  to  save  any  part  of 
that  which  was  actually  in  peril.  In  the  course  of  which  unfortunate 
story,  nothing  befell  us  of  more  confusion  than  this,  that  the  key  of 
the  street  door  below,  having  been  left  upon  a  table  in  the  kitchen 
next  his  own  chamber  that  made  my  provisions  (who  commonly  went 
first  abroad)  was  swallowed  in  the  flames,  which  rising  with  very 
violent  eruption  from  the  close  room  before  named,  took  first  hold  of 
the  kitchen  rafters  ;  by  which  mishap  we  could  neither  get  out  our 
selves  to  the  channel,  nor  let  in  others,  till  by  main  force  we  had 
broken  the  bars  of  the  gate.  Whereupon  some  that  saw  not  our  per- 
plexity, have  formed  a  malicious  voice  that  we  would  not  open  the 
door  in  time,  for  fear  our  stuff  should  be  stolen  ;  whereas  in  truth 
the  missing  of  the  key  did  put  the  whole  in  hazard,  while  we  were 
forced  to  neglect  the  fire  and  set  all  our  hands  to  the  gate.  The 
particular  circumstances  I  leave  to  the  relation  of  this  bearer.1 

1  In  his  audience  of  Feb.  10  Wotton  related  to  the  Doge  the  story  of  this  fire. 
•  I  have,  however,'  he  concluded,  '  this  consolation  in  my  loss,  that  it  all 
happened  by  no  fault  of  my  own,  and  that  the  harm  was  not  contagious,  as 
it  did  not  reach  to  the  neighbouring  houses,  nor  further  than  to  three  rooms 


126  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

The  loss  which  I  have  sustained  myself  falls  heavy  upon  so  poor 
a  man,  but  it  is  eased  with  this  comfort,  that  I  serve  a  gracious  and 
compassionate  master.  As  for  the  rest,  in  this  and  all  other  accidents, 
His  supreme  will  be  done,  whom  earth,  and  air,  and  seas,  and  flames 
must  obey  ;  of  whose  indulgent  mercy  we  want  no  arguments,  even 
in  the  midst  of  this  mishap,  as  that  it  fell  not  out  in  the  depths  of 
the  night,  which  had  been  with  more  horror,  but  some  hour  before 
morning  ;  likewise  that  there  was  no  breath  of  wind  to  diffuse  it,  and 
lastly  that  no  hurt  hath  befallen  any  man's  person,  save  to  a  boy,  that 
had  only  his  head  broken  with  a  piece  of  the  ruins. 

Now,  Sir,  lest  his  Majesty  should  think  me  wholly  distracted  by 
mine  own  damages  from  all  other  duty,  I  will  pass  through  your 
hands  to  his  pious  consideration  two  motions  worthy  of  your  own 
charitable  remembrance.  The  one  about  a  place  of  sepulture  '  here, 
the  other  touching  a  gentleman  who  hath  been  long  nothing  else  but 
a  living  sepulture  himself:  I  mean  poor  Mr.  Mole.  .  .  . 

Touching  Mr.  Mole,  I  protest  before  God,  that  it  wounds  my  heart  to 
think  of  him.  The  poor  gentleman  hath  lain  long  in  the  dungeon  of  the 
Eoman  Inquisitors.  He  hath  constantly  maintained  his  faith  against 
all  kind  of  trials  by  argument,  by  promises,  by  threatenings.  He  hath 
(as  I  am  particularly  informed)  often  desired  public  death,  and  they 
have  hitherto  denied  him  the  glory  of  it ;  having  set  their  last  hope 
upon  a  certain  French  abbot,  whom  they  hold  to  have  a  great  powei 
of  conversion.  I  take  it  that  Baldwyn  the  Jesuit2  is  yet  in  the  Towei 
and  I  remember  I  heard  his  Majesty  once  let  fall  out  of  his  royal  an< 
Christian  heart,  that  he  would  be  content  to  deliver  him  for  Mr.  Mol< 
in  compassion  of  his  miseries,  though  the  cases  be  very  unequ; 
This  was  long  since,  when  Zuniga 3  the  Spanish  ambassador  did 
some  priests. 

Now,  if  Baldwyn  be  living,  and  that  it  shall  please  the  King  to  let 
me  work  upon  that  exchange,  I  will  hope  to  handle  it  so  by  oblique 

in  my  own  house.  And  then  Christian  philosophy  teaches  us  that  all  the  four 
elements  are  governed  by  the  will  of  heaven,  and  therefore  we  must  acquiesce 
in  its  decrees.'     (Esp.  Prin.,  Feb.  10,  1618.) 

1  Wotton  wrote  that  he  thought  the  time  had  now  come  when  the  Venetians 
should  be  asked  to  give  the  English  Protestants  a  burial  place  of  their  own, 
with  the  right  of  Protestant  burial — a  privilege  they  had  granted  even  to  the 
Jews.  Formerly,  when  Protestantism  was  new  and  strange  to  the  Venetians, 
this  request  would  have  excited  alarm,  but  they  were  more  familiar  with  it 
now  ;  and  just  at  the  present  there  were  a  great  many  Englishmen  in  Venice, 
drawn  thither  by  the  war,  '  for  whom,  being  Christian  and  mortal  creatures,' 
it  was  right  that  some  place  should  be  given  them  in  which  they  could  be 
buried. 

■  Baldwin,  ante,  ii,  p.  117. 

3£Pedro  de  Zuiiiga^was  resident  Spanish  ambassador  in  England  after  the 
accession  of  James  I. '  In  July,  1612,  he  came  to  England  on  a  special  embassy 
to  propose  a  marriage  between  Philip  III  and  the  Princess  Elizabeth. 
{Gardiner,  ii,  p.  151.) 


TO   SIR  THOMAS   LAKE  127 

■leans,  without  appearing  therein  myself,  that  <li<>  J»-siiils  themselves 
shall  be  made  the  suitors  unto  the  Pope  for  it,  which  is  the  only 
Imaginable  way  to  do  this  pious  deed  cum  decorc  publico.  If  Baldwyn 
be  not  living,  there  may  be  some  other  exchange  of  priests  made,  as 
valuable  by  the  number,  though  not  in  the  quality.  For  the  form 
of  doing  it  I  conceive  small  difficulty,  because  the  one  may  be  con- 
sign- •(!  to  some  ambassador  in  London,  and  the  other  in  Rome, 
which,  though  I  have  often  taken  into  my  thoughts,  yet  did  it  never 
nppoar  so  seasonable  as  now,  my  Lord  Rosse l  (who  was  the  occasion 
of  his  first  captivity)  being  settled  there  ;  to  whom  by  a  third  person 
(whom  I  will  prepare)  the  business  may  be  presented  as  his  glory, 
and  by  him  to  the  Jesuits  as  their  benefit.  Neither  do  I  see  in  truth 
what  better  use  may  be  now  made  of  him  ;  and  so  I  leave  it  to  his 
Majesty's  most  indubitable  goodness. 


297.    To  Sir  Thomas  Lake. 

8.  P.  Vt>n.,  holograph,  extract.    The  stoiy  of  Leonardo  Mocenigo. 

Venice,  this  2nd  of  February,  1617(8). 
Style  of  the  place. 
Right  Honourable, 

I  shall  herein  represent  unto  his  Majesty  an  image  of  this 
Government  in  a  strange  example  which  this  week  hath  produced, 
wherein  we  have  seen  a  gentleman  of  singular  merit  and  integrity, 
absolutely  ruined  by  the  greatest  honour  which  his  country,  under 
the  princedom,  could  lay  upon  him. 

This  man  is  by  name  Leonardo  Mocenigo,2  whom  in  my  dispatch 
by  John  Georges 3 1  called  (as  I  might  well  do)  the  Cato  of  this  State  ; 
of  age  above  threescore  years,  in  dignity  already  one  of  the  Pro- 
curatori  di  St.  Marco,  which  is  the  seminary  of  their  dukes.  Other- 
wise of  small  means,  because  that  was  never  his  study.  Standing 
thus,  he  was  chosen  against  his  own  desire  Capitano  Generate  del 
Mare,  which,  as  I  have  formerly  written,  is  a  kind  of  dictatorship  in 
that  element,  never  given  but  in  very  urgent  times,  and  to  per- 
sonages of  eminent  trust,  who  commonly  afterwards  prove  dukes  ; 
as  the  present 4  did,  that  bare  the  same  charge  in  the  time  of  the 

1  Lord  Roos  (ante,  i,  p.  429).  In  1616  he  was  sent  on  a  special  embassy  to 
Spain,  and  on  his  return  in  1617  he  quarrelled  with  his  wife  (Sir  Thomas  Lake's 
daughter),  and  being  finally  driven  to  desperation,  he  fled  to  Rome  and  declared 
himself  a  convert.  He  died  shortly  afterwards  at  Naples,  and  it  was  rumoured 
that  he  had  been  poisoned.     (Gardiner,  iii,  pp.  190,  192.) 

8  Author  of  '  Philosophicus  Peripateticus,  a  Leonardo  Mocenico  patritio  Veneto 
publicae  discussioni  propositus,  Romae  1615*.     (Cigngna.  iv,  p.  502.) 

3  John  Georges,  see  Appendix  III. 

4  Giovanni  Bembo,  who  died  on  March  16,  1618. 


128  LETTERS   OF    WOTTON 

Pope's  Interdict.  Notwithstanding  which  reputation  at  the  present, 
and  hope  in  the  future,  he  made  as  much  suit  to  he  rid  of  it  as  others 
would  have  done  to  have  it,  and  three  several  days  (as  the  custom  is) 
did  propound  his  excuses  ;  which  having  not  been  accepted,  he  took 
this  resolution,  rather  to  undergo  the  public  censure  and  penalty  of 
the  law,  than  to  assume  this  charge.  Whereupon  he  hath  been  first 
amerced  one  thousand  crowns,  secondly,  excluded  for  the  term  of  two 
years  from  all  secret  councils,  thirdly,  banished  for  the  same  time  from 
any  residence  save  only  dipassaggio  within  the  compass  of  theQuarnero, 
which  is  on  the  farther  side  of  Istria,  and  the  river  of  Menzo,  towards 
the  confines  of  Lombardy  ;  and  lastly,  having  petitioned  that  by  way 
of  grace  his  relegation  might  be  converted  into  the  territory  of  Padova, 
where  his  brother  hath  a  villa,  wherein  he  might  entertain  himself, 
that  also  hath  been  denied  him  ;  nothing  remaining  for  him  to  walk 
in,  but  the  cheerful  garden  of  his  own  conscience. 

The  outward  reason  that  he  alleged  to  free  himself  from  the  foresaid 
charge  was  that  his  constitution  did  not  comport  with  the  sea  ;  but  the 
inward  motive  of  his  refusal  by  narrow  searchers  is  found  to  be  this,  that 
having  while  he  was  Inquisitor  of  State  (which  is  here  a  terrible  office 
proceeding  by  secret  process)  offended  divers  with  his  conscientious 
carriage,  and  in  particular  one  of  the  Badovari !  (who  was  sometime 
ambassador  in  France,  now  by  his  means  in  banishment)  and  one  of 
the  Calbi  (who  died  in  imprisonment),  and  knowing  these  irrecon- 
cilable families,  with  all  their  alliances  (which  spread  far  in  this  body) 
to  watch  continually  over  him,  and  to  have  contributed  their  balls 
even  to  the  dignifying  of  him  with  this  slippery  employment,  he 
thought  it  impossible  in  so  jealous  a  time  as  the  present,2  and  upoi 
so  unstable  an  element  as  the  sea,  especially  with  his  own  inexperience 
in  that  service,  so  to  carry  himself,  but  that  his  enemies  at  hom< 
would  not  find  some  way  to  cut  his  throat.     This  is  the  story,  an< 
these  were  the  inducements  of  this  poor  gentleman's  case,  whicl 
I  cannot  but  much  bewail  for  two  respects.     First,  because  he  was 
a  great  instrument  in  the  time  of  the  variance  with  Rome  to  maintain 
the  public  cause,  and  to  banish  the  Jesuits,  who  will  now  triumph 
at  his  disgrace.     Secondly,  because  I  foresee,  or  at  least,  I  much  fear 
by  the  working  of  the  present  humours,  that  this  State  will  more  and 

1  Angelo  Badoer  was  the  Venetian  ambassador  in  France  in  1603. 

2  The  fleet  of  the  Duke  of  Ossuna  was  still  cruising  about  in  the  Adriatic 
Gulf,  and  although  peace  had  been  agreed  upon  by  the  treaty  of  Madrid,  the 
Spaniards  showed  great  reluctance  in  carrying  out  the  terms  of  the  treaty. 
On  Jan.  3  Wotton  wrote  that  it  was  reported  that  the  negotiations  which  were 
being  carried  on  for  this  purpose  had  been  broken  off,  and  that  a  renewal  of  war 
was  likely  to  ensue.  l  If  upon  it,'  he  added  (referring  to  the  fire  in  his  house), 
'  shall  ensue  an  eruption  of  flames  while  Italy  was  in  a  kind  of  slumber,  it  will 
hold  some  resemblance  with  mine  own  case,  and  I  shall  be  a  poor  model  of  the 
public  evils.'     (S.  P.  Ven.) 


TO   SIR   THOMAS    LAKE  129 

[bore  tall  buck  to  a  stricter  correspondence  with  the  Pope  :  the  good 
patriots  being  by  this  man's  fall  much  disjointed.  This  last  con- 
^deration  hath  made  me  the  longer  in  setting  down  his  misfortune. 

298.    To  Sir  Thomas  Laki  . 

Eton  MS.,  holograph,  extract,  Ttox.  Club,  p.  16.     Captain  Henry  Bell ; 
Wotton's  desire  to  return  home. 

Venice,  this  4th  of  May,  1G18. 

.  .  .  This  bearer,  Captain  Henry  Bell l,  was  recommended  to  the 
St.it--  by  his  Majesty's  letters,  and  to  me  by  yours.  He  hath  here 
i m  leased  rather  his  observation  than  his  fortune.  I  leave  the  report 
of  my  endeavours  for  him  to  himself.  Surely  he  is  a  man  of  great 
skill  and  experience  in  the  military  way.  and  of  a  right  honest  compo- 
sition in  the  civil ;  but  such  is  the  iniquity  of  fortune,  that  such 
a  state  as  this  will  make  a  Wassenhoven  *  a  Colonel  (who  was  before 
but  a  tuner  of  virginals)  and  refuse  the  offers  of  an  able  man.  I  have 
here  made  with  him  domestical  acquaintance,  and  found  his  temper 
so  fair  and  discreet  that  I  am  bound,  Sir,  to  revert  these  commenda- 
tions that  you  sent  by  him  hither  unto  yourself,  whose  love  may 
more  avail  him. 

He  bringeth  a  letter  from  me  to  the  King,  wherein  I  have  taken 
the  boldness  to  beseech  his  Majesty  to  grant  me  leave  to  return  to- 
wards this  next  winter  ; 3  by  which  time  I  hope  this  country  will  be 
at  ease,  and  action  cease,  which  is  the  subject  of  pens.  I  shall  then 
ihave  been  nine  years  his  Majesty's  servant  in  this  place,  if  I  reckon 
from  my  beginning,  and  three,  if  I  reckon  from  my  last  commission  ; 
so  as  in  respect  of  the  time  it  is  no  irregular  request.  I  humbly 
beseech  you,  Sir,  that  your  favourable  mediation  may  make  it  every 
way  good.  I  have  in  truth  here  this  last  time  been,  though  not 
often  in  the  state  of  decumbent,  yet  seldom  in  cheerful  health,  through 
distillations  from  my  head  into  my  breast,  to  which  I  am  naturally 
subject,  and  have  found  it  now  more  increased  by  this  vaporous  air 
than  before  ;  perchance  because  I  have  less  vigour  to  resist  it. 
Besides,  though  my  fortune  be  of  so  small  compass  that  I  can  allege 

ptain  Bell,  see  Appendix  III. 

-  Giovan  Seghens  de  Yeghem,  Lord  of  Wassenhoven.  There  is  a  copy  of  his 
ominission  in  the  S.  P.  Ven.  (May  28, 1616).  In  a  letter  of  May  4,  1617,  Wotton 
lescribed  him  as  •  a  very  contemptible  person,  even  when  he  is  sober '.  He 
aentions  his  death  in  a  letter  of  Nov.  17,  1617.     {Ibid.) 

'  There  was  some  talk  of  Court  preferment  for  Wotton  at  home.  Thomas 
jorkin  in  a  newsletter  to  Sir  Thomas  Puckering  (Dec.  15,  1618)  writes : 
Sir  Henry  Wotton,  some  say,  shall  be  called  home  this  spring,  and  perhaps 
ucceed  Sir  Henry  Carey  in  the  Comptrollership  of  the  King's  house,  who  ia 
ike  to  make  way  for  him,  by  his  remove  to  the  Mastership  of  the  Ward-.* 
C.  &  T.  Jas.  I,  ii,  p.  112,  see  also  p.  119.) 

WOTTON.    II  |{ 


130  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

not  many  private  occasions,  yet  there  be  some  of  my  friends  who  do 
wish  me  at  home.  And,  peradventure,  I  may  light  upon  a  widow 
that  will  take  pity  of  me.1  In  conclusion,  I  shall  be  much  bound  to 
your  Honour  for  your  intercession  with  the  King  in  my  behalf.  And 
so  I  rest, 

With  honest  desire  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

299.    To  the  Makquis  of  Buckingham. 

Beliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  485.  Unsigned,  no  address,  dated  1618  ;  plainly  to 
Buckingham,  and  no  doubt  written  at  the  same  time  as  the  above 
letter  to  Lake.     A  leave  of  absence  from  Venice  requested, 

(Venice,  May4?>  1618. 

My  most  honoured  Lord  and  Patron, 

My  humble  suit  unto  your  Lordship  is  this  : 

It  is  his  Majesty's  usual  grace  to  yield  his  foreign  servants  the 
comfort  of  his  gracious  sight  once  in  three  years,  as  this  Republic  doth 
likewise  recall  their  ministers,  which  term  by  my  privy  seal  will  end 
on  the  first  day  of  February  next. 

I  do  therefore  humbly  beg  that  by  your  Lordship's  intercession  I 
may  have  leave  to  return  home  for  a  month  or  six  weeks,  concurring 
two  urgent  occasions. 

The  one,  for  the  pursuit  of  a  business  depending  on  a  patent  long 
since  granted  to  Sir  Edward  Dymock  and  me,2  whereunto  I  ai 
summoned  by  his  Majesty's  attorney,  as  will  appear  unto  yoi 
Lordship  by  the  copy  of  the  said  attorney's  letter  (coming  herewitl 
written  to  my  brother  Sir  James  Wotton,  my  feoffee  in  trust,  whereii 
my  presence  is  necessary,  by  reason  of  some  differences  betweei 
the  said  Sir  Edward  Dymock  and  me.  And  this  is  a  case  whereii 
we  are  to  maintain  his  Majesty's  title,  as  hath  been  endeavoured  witl 
our  own  moneys  hitherto  unfruitfully  spent. 

The  other,  for  the  re-ordering  of  my  exchanges,  which  have  been 
much  incommodated  by  the  failing  of  Signor  Burlamachie's  credit 
here  (though  it  stand  well  in  other  places)  by  a  trick  that  was 
played  him. 

While  I  shall  be  at  home  I  will  challenge  nothing  from  his 
Majesty's  exchequer,  though  perchance  I  shall  bring  some  observa- 
tions not  altogether  unprofitable  as  a  public  instrument.  I  will  like- 
wise neither  trouble  his  Majesty  as  the  fountain,  nor  your  Lordship 
as  the  means,  with  any  private  suit  in  the  way  of  mine  own  fortune. 

1  Marrying  a  rich  widow  was  a  recognized  method  for  courtiers  and  politicians 
to  repair  their  fortunes  (see  Ben  Jonson,  Epigram  xix,  &c). 

p.  105. 


TO  TflE   MARQUIS  OF   BUCKINGHAM  18] 

For  by  his  royal  goodness  and  by  your  favourable  mediation  T  am 
.iliv.uly  abundantly  satisfied  in  some  expectatives l  (as  marks  of  his 
grace  and  of  your  patronage)  which  have  not  only  exceeded  my 
merits,  but  even  quieted  mine  appetites.  Only  thus  much  I  humbly 
pave,  that  by  his  Majesty's  toleration  of  my  weaknesses  I  may  still 
retain  this  charge,  and  live  upon  his  service,  without  farther  burden 
unto  him,  because  I  see  no  man  hasty  at  home  to  die  for  my  benefit. 

300.    To  Sir  Thomas  Lake. 

Eton  MS.,  dictated,  Rox.  Club,  p.  18.    The  Plot  of  1618. 

From  Venice,  this  25th  of  May,  1618. 
Right  Honourable, 

I  gave  you  in  my  last  some  light  of  a  French  conspiracy  dis- 
covered here  against  this  State,  in  due  time,  though  not  long  before 
the  day  appointed  for  the  execution  thereof.  I  must  require  eight 
Btys  more  to  make  the  King  a  perfect  accompt  of  it,  for  it  hath  not 
yet  been  fully  communicated  even  with  the  Senate  itself,  the 
process  having  only  passed  through  the  Council  of  Ten  and  the  three 
Inquisitors  of  State,  which  are  here  our  black  magistrates.  It  is  the 
foulest  and  fearfullest  thing  that  hath  come  to  light  since  the 
foundation  of  the  city.  Hitherto  only  two  and  twenty  have  been 
strangled  in  prison,2  whereof  the  first  two  were  hanged  all  day  upon 
St.  Mark's  Place,  at  public  view,  between  the  two  fatal  pillars.  The 
bodies  of  the  rest  have  been  drowned  by  the  hangman  in  the  Candle 
degli  Orfani,  one  of  their  deepest  channels,  in  the  silence  of  the  night. 
Eight  more,  as  we  hear,  have  been  hanged  out  upon  the  walls  of 
Marano  in  Friuli ;  and  two  are  executed  by  the  General  Barbarigo  at 
sea  in  his  own  vessel,  upon  special  order  from  the  Council  of  Ten.  All 
these  were  French,  without  mixture  of  other  nation.  Many  other 
that  fled  upon  the  first  noise  (whereof  some  left  their  clothes  behind 
them)  are  apprehended  in  Brescia,  Bergamo,  Verona,  and  other 
towns  of  this  State  lying  towards  Lombardie,  which  are  likely  to  run 
the  same  fortune  ;  and  all  this  hath  been  done  in  the  vacancy  of  the 
princedom.  By  the  next  post  I  will  hope  to  deliver  the  whole  order 
of  the  plot,  the  extent  of  their  malice,  the  counsellors  and  the  com- 
forters, with  all  other  remarkable  circumstances. 

The  reversion  to  a  moiety  of  a  Six  Clerk's  place,  granted  in  1611,  and  perhaps 
be  reversion  to  the  Mastership  of  the  Rolls  formally  promised  in  1620  (ante,  i, 

•;T). 
'  The  number  of  executions  was  greatly  exaggerated  in  public  report  ; 
^egnault  and  the  two  Bouleaux  were  strangled  in  Venice,  Jacques  Pierre 
iiwl  his  secretary  Rossetti  were  hanged  at  sea  ;  there  were  two  other  executions 
it  Venice  later  in  the  year,  but  beyond  this  (if  the  secret  papers  of  the  Council 
4  tlu>  Ten  are  to  be  trusted)  the  victims  of  the  plot  did  not  amount  to  more 
han  eight  or  at  the  utmost  twelve.     (Romanin,  vii,  p.  141.) 

K  2 


132  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

1  shall  not  need  now  to  touch  other  things,  for  this,  and  the  Duke's 
introduction  (which  will  be  on  Sunday  with  great  royalty)  is 
enough  for  the  present  to  distract  us.  Therefore  wishing  his  Majesty 
all  blessings  at  home,  I  humbly  rest, 

At  your  Honour's  command, 

Henry  Wotton. 

301.  To  the  Marquis  of  Buckingham  (?). 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  45.  No  address  ;  probably  to  Buckingham.  Printed  in  the 
Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  253.  'An  Epistle  dedicatory  of  the  following 
Discourse.' 

Venice,  this  25  of  May,  1618. 

Eight  Honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

Having  here  lately  seen  the  deaths  of  two  and  the  elections  of 
two  other  Dukes  within  the  compass  of  six  weeks,  I  have  been  bold 
to  entertain  your  Lordship  with  a  little  story  of  these  changes  and 
competitions,  though  with  small  presumption  that  you  can  take  any 
pleasure  in  my  simple  report  thereof,  unless  it  win  some  favour  by 
the  freshness  or  the  freedom.  For  the  rest,  the  whole  town  is  here 
at  the  present  in  horror  and  confusion,  upon  the  discovering  of  a  foul 
and  fearful  conspiracy  of  the  French  against  this  State,  whereof  no 
less  than  thirty  have  already  suffered  very  condign  punishment, 
between  men  strangled  in  prison,  drowned  in  the  silence  of  tl 
night,  and  hanged  in  public  view  ;  and  yet  the  bottom  is  invisible. 

If  God's  mercy  had  not  prevented  it,  I  think  I  might  for  mine  ot 
particular  have  spared  my  late  supplication  to  the  King  about 
return  home  towards  next  winter:  for  I  cannot  hope  that  in  tl 
common  massacre  public  ministers  would  have  been  distinguish^ 
from  other  men  ;  nay,  rather  we  might  perchance  have  had  tl 
honour  to  have  our  houses  thought  worthiest  the  rifling.  I  sh; 
give  your  Lordship  a  better  account  of  this  in  my  next,  having  now 
troubled  you  beyond  excuse  with  my  poor  papers.  Our  blessed  God 
keep  your  Lordship  in  His  love. 

Your  Lordship's  with  all  true  devotion, 

Henry  Wotton. 

302.  To  the  Marquis  of  Buckingham  (?). 

Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  175  ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  154,  really  254.  '  The  Election  of  the  new 
Duke  of  Venice,  after  the  death  of  Giovanni  Bembo.'  No  date,  but 
sent  with  above  letter. 

Venice,  May  25,  1618,  N.S. 

On  Friday,  being  the  16th  of  March,  in  this  year  1618,  about  an 
hour  before  sun-setting,  Giovanni  Bembo,  the  ninety-first  Duke  ol 


TO  THE   MARQUIS  OF   BUCKINGHAM  (?)        183 

Venice,1  ended  his  days  in  the  75th  year  of  his  age:2  his  disease  was 
a  fever,  occasioned  by  some  obstruction  in  his  reins,  that  stopped  tin- 
course  of  his  water.  Whether  the  physicians  did  hasten  his  end,  by 
taking  from  him  more  blood  than  his  years  could  spare,  is  now  too 
late  a  question.  His  name  is  one  of  the  ancientest  among  them. 
II  i^  father  was  a  gentleman  almost  of  the  lowest  poverty,  till  ho 
matched  with  a  wealthy  citizen's  daughter,  who  afterwards  proved 
me  heir  of  her  father,  leaving  issue  male  this  Duke  Giovanni  and 
Philippo  his  brother.  Philippo  (who  only  was  married,  being  not 
the  custom  of  Venice  for  more  brothers  than  one  to  take  wife)  died 
some  few  months  before  the  Duke,  in  greater  reputation  than  degree, 
for  their  laws  do  suppress  the  brothers  of  their  Dukes.  The  Duke 
himself  did  arise  by  employments  at  sea  ;  his  first  action  of  note  was 
in  the  battle  of  Lepanto,  where,  besides  some  wounds  that  he  received 
for  his  own  share,  the  success  of  that  great  day,  in  such  trepidation 
of  the  State,  made  every  man  meritorious.  He  was  lastly  (to  omit 
his  middle  steps)  while  the  republic  stood  under  excommunication 
by  this  Pope  (the  King  of  Spain  likewise  then  arming)  made  General 
of  their  maritime  forces.  This  is  the  solemnest  title  they  can  confer 
under  the  princedom,  being  indeed  a  kind  of  dictatorship,  to  which 
they  have  no  charge  equivalent  on  the  land,  having  been  content  (as 
it  seems)  in  honour  of  their  situation  to  give  the  prerogative  of  trust 
to  that  element.  To  the  princedom  he  was  chosen,  being  none  of 
the  competitors  then  in  voice ;  who  unable  to  make  themselves,  and 
unwilling  to  make  their  concurrents  (as  the  fashion  is),  agreed  in  a 
third.  He  held  the  place  two  years,  three  months,  and  twelve  days, 
with  general  good  liking,  though  indeed  his  praises  were  rather 
moral  than  intellectual,  as  more  consisting  in  goodness  of  disposition 
han  any  other  eminent  ability.  For  he  was  neither  eloquent,  pro- 
ound,  nor  learned,  only  notable  in  his  splendour  and  economical 
nagnificence  beyond  ordinary  example,  and  perchance  in  another 
lature  beyond  permission  ;  for  these  popularities  among  them  are 
omewhat  hazardous.  To  ambassadors  he  gave  small  satisfaction, 
save  with  his  eyes,  which  were  very  gracious  and  kind.  In  his 
ountenance  otherwise  there  was  an  invincible  weakness,  always 
►lushing  while  he  spake,  and  glad  when  he  had  done.    Whereby  his 

1  Bembo  was  the  ninety-second  Doge  of  Venice,  according  to  the  usual  reckoning. 

2  On  March  18  Wotton  expressed  in  the  Collegio  his  condolences  on  the  death 
l  15.  mbo,  'a  Prince  of  great  power  and  goodness,  and  the  best  of  patriots,  for 
uch  was  his  worthy  character.     But  as  human  fragility  carries  within  itself 

"in  birth  this  necessary  misfortune,  so  the  form  of  this  Serene  Government 
i  seated  in  a  lasting  place,  not  subject  to  the  changes  and  misbaps  of  the  life 
f  any  single  man.  I  pray  that  heaven  may  ever  preserve  it  from  the  plots 
f  its  i  nemies,  and  cause  it  to  prosper  to  the  highest  degree  of  which  its  merits 
lake  it  worthy.'     (Esp.  Prin.,  March  18,  1G18.) 


134  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

answers  were  the  more  scant  and  meagre.  But  this  did  imitate 
wisdom,  for  a  duke  of  Venice  that  opens  himself  much  will  be 
chidden.  To  conclude,  he  was  in  his  civil  course  a  good  patriot,  and 
in  his  natural  a  good  man.  They  that  are  willing  to  censure  him 
further  think  his  whole  composition  fitter  for  the  quality  of  the 
State  than  the  times.  Now  being  thus  passed  away,  the  first  public 
care  was  to  order  his  funeral,  till  when,  the  custom  doth  not  suffer 
that  a  new  can  be  chosen.  This  was  done  the  Thursday  following 
with  all  due  solemnity,  and  in  the  meantime  was  made  five  Correctors 
and  three  Inquisitors.  The  Correctors  are  to  consider  what  laws  be 
fit  to  be  added  or  amended  touching  the  future  election,  or  in  the 
form  of  the  Duke's  oath,  which  they  gently  call  his  promise.1  The 
Inquisitors  are  upon  complaint  (and  not  otherwise)  against  the 
deceased  Prince,  especially  in  matter  of  extortion,  to  inquire  of  the 
truth,  and  accordingly  to  punish  his  heirs.  Which  office  doth  con- 
tinue in  authority  the  term  of  a  year.  The  Correctors  at  this  time 
presented  four  new  laws. 

1 .  That  the  brothers  and  children  of  the  Prince  shall  take  place  in 
public  processions,  after  the  principal  magistrates,  namely,  next  to 
the  censors. 

2.  That  immediately  after  the  choice  of  any  new  duke  in  the  next 
Grand  Council  shall  be  openly  rehearsed  all  former  decrees  against 
defrauders  of  the   public  chests.     This   they  call   in  their  diale( 
inlaccamento  di  casse,  as  unpardonable  here  as  treason. 

The  other  two  merit  no  memory,  being  only  about  little  increas 
of  provision  for  the  Duke's  attendants,  and  some  enlargement  of  til 
for  the  Correctors'  office,  which  heretofore  did  determine  as  soon 
the  election  began. 

These  new  orders  thus  made  and  approved  by  the  Grand  Counci 
(from   whence   all   authority   floweth),  they  proceeded   on  FricUj 
morning  to  the  election. 

About  which  time  were  discovered  four  competitors,  Antoni 
Priuli,  Giaconimo  Giustiniano,  Augustino  Nani,  and  Nicolo  Donato. 
The  three  first  all  procuration  di  St.  Marco  ;  who  are  in  number  nine, 
in  degree  the  second  personages  of  the  State,  and  commonly  the 
seminary  of  their  princes  ;  though  not  of  necessity,  as  well  appeared 
by  the  fourth  concurrent,  who  was  yet  no  more  than  a  senator  of  th( 
Wide  Sleeve 3,  a  vesture  of  eminent  gravity  and  place  in  then 
councils.      Of  these   Priuli   and   Giustiniano,    having   before   beei 

1  La  Promissione  Ducale.     Note  in  margin. 

2  March  23. 

3  A  maniche  large,  worn  by  savii,  councillors,  ambassadors,  and  cavaliers 
(Romanin,  vii,  p.  236.) 


TO  THE   MARQUIS  OF  BUCKINGHAM  (?)         135 

chosen  commissioners  in  the  business  of  the  Uscocchi,1  were  l>y  t 
new  warning  and  penalty  in  the  Senate  on  Friday  before  (the  Prince 
pen  languishing)  commanded  to  be  gone.  But  this  did  not  prejudice 
■heir  hopes,  for  I  have  noted  one  singular  property  in  the  composi- 
tion of  this  State,  that  no  man's  fortunes,  without  other  demerits, 
are  hindered  by  their  absence. 

Now  it  shall  be  fit  to  set  down  with  what  foundations,  and  with 
what  oppositions,  they  entered  the  list. 

Priuli  had  passed  through  all  the  principal  charges  of  the  State  in 
the  civil  way,  and  had  lastly  in  the  military  been  Generalissimo 
(till  sickness  sent  him  home)  in  the  Austrian  action.  His  own 
family  numerous,  his  alliance  strong,  himself  a  man  of  moderate 
nature,  of  pleasant  and  popular  conversation,  rather  free  than  sour 
and  reserved,  of  good  extemporal  judgement  and  discourse  for  the 
satisfying  of  public  ministers,  which  is  the  Duke's  proper  part. 
Lastly,  threescore  and  ten  years  old  (for  that  must  not  be  forgotten 
among  his  helps).  But  he  suffered  two  objections,  though  both 
rather  within  his  fortune  than  his  nature.  The  one  that  he  was  the 
father  of  a  cardinal 2,  which  might  distract  his  affection  between  the 
State  and  the  Church.  The  other  that  he  was  poor  and  somewhat 
behind  hand.  Of  which  objection  on  the  other  side  his  favourers 
made  up  part  of  his  merit,  as  having  indebted  himself  in  the  public 
service. 

Giustiniano  3  was  a  gentleman  that  had  likewise  passed  through 
the  best  places  at  home,  of  excellent  gravity  and  judgement,  and  of 
most  unquestionable  integrity  ;  not  violent,  not  avaricious,  singularly 
beloved  of  the  people,  to  whose  satisfaction  in  a  time  of  this  nature 
it  was  perhaps  meet  to  yield  somewhat.  He  was  besides  one  year 
older  than  Priuli ;  but  his  old  age  did  not  help  him  so  much,  as  he 
was  hindered  by  the  antiquity  of  his  name.  For  the  princedom  having 
been  for  the  two  last  successions  in  the  old  families,4  it  was  likely 
the  new  would  now  strive  to  bring  it  back  again  among  their  own 
blood. 

1  Commissioners  to  carry  out  the  terms  of  the  treaty  of  peace  with  the 
Archduke  Ferdinand. 

1  Cardinal  Mateo  Priuli.  'He  works  out  his  own  fortunes  bravely,'  Wotton 
wrote  of  Antonio  Priuli  on  Jan.  26,  1617,  *  being  a  man  of  most  cheerful 
humours,  and  most  bountiful  and  popular  nature.1     (S.  P.  Ven.) 

3  Giacomo  Giustinian,  Proweditore  of  the  Venetian  galleys,  1604.  {Cat.  S.  P.l'at., 
x.  p.  144.) 

!  In  1 4">0  a  conspiracy  was  formed  by  sixteen  of  the  '  new '  families  to  keep  out 
any  members  of  the  twenty-four  'old'  families  {ante,  i,  p.  434)  from  the  princedom. 
This  conspiracy  was  successful  until  1612,  when  Memmo  was  elected,  the  first 
of  the  case  vecchie  who  was  Doge  since  Michael  Morosini  in  1382.  The  sixteen  new 
families  were  Barbarigo,  Doria,  Foscari,  Grimani,  Gritti,  Lando,  Loitodan, 
Malipiero,  Marcel lo,  Mocenigo,  Moro,  Priuli,  Trevisan,  Tron,  Vendramin,  Wilier, 
(Romanin,  iv,  p.  420  n.) 


136  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

Nani l  had  carried  himself  meritoriously  in  foreign  employments, 
particularly  against  this  Pope  in  the  time  of  the  interdict,  which 
held  up  his  credit  among  the  good  patriots.  And  having  been  near 
the  supreme  place  at  the  last  election,  he  re-entered  now  with  th< 
more  hope.  Besides  being  by  nature  stiff  and  sensitive,  his  cunning 
friends  did  mould  that  to  his  advantage,  the  time  seeming  to  need 
such  a  man.  But  two  wild  rumours  did  much  oppress  him.  The  one 
with  the  better  sort,  that  he  had  purchased  by  close  gifts  certain  of 
the  poor  gentlemen's  favours  ;  the  other  with  the  people,  that  he  had 
of  late  been  author  of  some  hard  decrees  ;  his  age  besides  was  but 
63  years,  and  his  complexion  durable. 

Donato2  (surnamed  Testolina,  for  the  littleness  of  his  head)  had 
been  long  time  conversant  in  the  gravest  consultations,  was  reputed 
one  of  the  wealthiest  gentlemen  of  the  whole  city,  of  good  natural 
capacity,  and  above  the  rest  adorned  with  erudition.  Besides,  he 
had  the  commendation  of  fourscore  years,  and  of  a  weak  body.  But  it 
was  thought  somewhat  presumptuous  that  he  should  contend  with 
persons  of  higher  rank  :  whereupon  some  conceived  his  end,  only  to 
gain  a  friend  by  his  voices  and  to  make  himself  Procurator  in  the 
room  of  him  that  should  be  Prince. 

With  these  hopes  and  with  these  objections  they  entered  the  field, 
after  they  had  laboured  their  friends  one  whole  week,  namely,  from 
the  Friday  night  of  the  Duke's  death  to  the  Friday  morning  following, 
and  perhaps  a  good  while  before :  within  which  time,  at  the  place  oi 
their  broglio 3  (as  they  term  it)  where  the  concurrents  sue  for  voices 
Nani,  the  youngest  of  the  four,  was  noted  by  some  vacant  searching 
wits  to  tread  softly,  to  walk  stoopingly,  and  to  raise  himself  froi 
benches  where  he  sat,  with  laborious  and  painful  gesture,  as  argu- 
ments of  no  lasting  man.  Such  a  counterfeiting  thing  sometimes 
is  ambition.     To  come  now  to  the  election. 

The  election  of  the  Duke  of  Venice  is  one  of  the  most  intricate 
and  curious  forms  in  the  world,  consisting  of  ten  several  precedent 
ballotations.  Whereupon  occurreth  a  pretty  question,  what  need  there 
was  of  such  a  deal  of  solicitude  in  choosing  a  Prince  of  such  limited 
authority  ?  And  it  is  the  stranger,  for  having  been  long  in  use,  the 
ancient  forms  being  commonly  the  most  simple.  To  which  doubt 
this  answer  may  serve  the  turn,  that  it  was  (as  the  tradition  runneth) 
a  monk's  invention  of  the  Benedictine  order.    And  in  truth  the  whole 

1  Agostino  Nani,  ambassador  to  Savoy  1587,  to  Spain  1595,  to  Constantinople 
1600,  to  Rome  1605,  to  France  1612,  Procnratore  di  S.  Marco  1612.  (Cigogna,  v, 
pp.  241,  394.) 

2  Nicolo  Donato,  Doge  xciii. 

3  The  broglio  was  the  side  of  the  Piazzetta,  under  the  Doge's  palace,  where 
only  the  nobles  were  allowed  to  walk,  and  where  canvassing  was  carried  on. 


TO   THE   MARQUIS   OF   BUCKINGHAM  (?)        137 

mysterious  frame  therein  doth  much  savour  of  the  cloister.  For  first 
a  boy  must  be  snatched  up  below,  and  this  child  must  draw  iii< 
balls,  and  not  themselves,  as  in  all  other  elections  ;  then  is  it  strangely 
intermingled,  half  with  chance,  and  half  with  choice,  so  as  fortune, 
as  well  as  judgement  or  affection,  hath  her  part  in  it,  and  perhaps 
the  greater.  One  point  (as  now  and  then  happeneth,  even  in  the 
most  curious  webs  of  this  nature)  seemeth  somewhat  unequal. 
Namely,  that  the  forty-one  (who  are  the  last  immediate  electors  of  the 
Duke)  must  be  all  of  several  families,  and  of  them  twenty-five  at 
least  concur  to  his  nomination.  For  hereby  the  old  names  (which 
are  but  twenty-four)  cannot  make  a  Duke  without  help  from  some  one 
of  the  new.  And  that  is  not  easily  gotten  through  emulation 
between  them,  as  strong  perhaps  as  any  public  respect.  So  as  the 
two  last  Dukes,  Memo  and  Bembo,  both  of  the  ancient  blood,  may 
upon  the  whole  matter  be  accounted  irregularitives l  of  fortune,  who 
ha tli  likewise  her  anomala. 

Now  to  set  down  the  variations  of  chance  in  eveiy  step  of  these 
scrutinies  were  tedious.  Sure  it  is  that  at  the  enclosing  of  the  forty-one 
(for  those  must  be  shut  up  like  our  jurors  of  inquest,  but  that  they 
are  better  fed)  Donato  had  fifteen  sure  balls,  Nani  twelve,  Giustiniano 
ten,  and  Priuli  but  four.  So  as  no  one  of  them  had  voices  enough  to 
exclude  the  other  three  from  making  a  Duke  ;  for  to  this  privative 
power  are  required  seventeen  balls  at  least.  Nor  any  two  of  them, 
except  Donato  and  Nani,  had  reciprocally  an  inclusive  power  to 
advance  each  other  by  joining  ;  for  though  Donato  might  have  made 
Giustiniano,  yet  he  could  not  be  made  by  him,  because  their  united 
strength  was  but  precisely  twenty-five,  which  number  indeed  would 
have  served  the  turn,  but  that  one  of  them  on  Donato's  part  (himself 
being  of  the  number)  must  be  abated.  For  contrary  to  the  form  of 
election  in  the  Empire,  no  man  here  can  bestow  his  ball  upon  his 
own  person.  So  as  upon  the  matter  doth  arise  a  kind  of  riddle,  that 
Donato  was  the  weaker  by  his  presence. 

Thus  they  stood  in  their  several  strengths  when  they  were  shut  up, 
with  a  guard  about  the  palace,  where  during  this  election  all  inferior 
tribunals  cease  ;  only  the  College  of  the  Preconsultors  (as  they  term 
it)  is  daily  open  for  the  hearing  of  ambassadors,  the  Senate  like- 
wise and  the  High  Council  of  Ten  in  their  ordinary  vigour.  They 
remained  close  twelve  full  days,  in  which  time  divers  false  voices 
were  vented.  But  none  of  the  competitors  arriving  to  a  sufficient 
number  of  balls,  they  fell  (as  the  fashion  is)  to  ballot  some  others 
that  did  not  concur.   Among  whom  nothing  was  so  memorable  as  the 

1  '  Irregularitives,'  not  in  N.  E.  D. 


138  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

ballotation  of  Lorenzo  Viniero,1  who  having  in  the  late  fight  at  sea 
with  the  Neapolitan  fleet2  preserved  his  honour,  when  the  rest  were 
nearer  shame,  had  now  eighteen  balls  for  the  supreme  place  of  his 
country,  though  otherwise  as  yet  of  but  small  rank  himself.  At  last 
these  forty-one  electors,  tired  with  trials,  Nani  unable  to  make  himself, 
not  inclining  to  Giustiniano,  as  being  of  an  old  house,  with  Priuli 
privately  distasted,  and  generally  wishing  him  best,  that  was  un- 
likeliest  to  live  long,  on  Thursday  morning,  being  the  5th  of  April, 
declared  unto  his  friends  that  he  would  join  with  Donato,  which  the 
rest  understanding,  they  owed  though  not  to  him,  yet  to  themselves 
more  good  will,  than  not  to  favour  that  which  they  could  not  hinder. 
And  so  Niccolo  Donato  was  made  Duke,  with  thirty-nine  balls,  his 
own  exempted  (as  I  have  said)  by  law,  and  some  one  of  the  rest 
shrinking,  I  know  not  how,  per  capriccio  perhaps  rather  than  despite. 
This  is  the  sixth  man  under  the  degree  of  a  procurator  that  hath  been 
made  Duke  since  the  foundation  of  the  city,  which  makes  Nani  the 
more  odious  among  his  own  colleagues  for  advancing  an  inferior 
order,  which  perchance  hereafter  upon  the  example  may  grow  more 
familiar.  He  was  published  with  slight  applause  and  with  more 
approbation  (as  it  seems)  of  the  stars  than  of  men.3  For  it  is  vulgarly 
reported  from  his  own  mouth,  and  here  strongly  believed,  that  an 
astrologer  some  years  since  in  Padoua,  having  cast  his  nativity,  told 
him  he  should  die  in  carcere  nobili,  which  they  now  apply  to  so 
restrained  a  princedom,  helping  it  with  conceit,  as  commonly  thos 
kind  of  predictions  do  need. 

The  Election  of  the  fblloiving  Duke  after  the  death  of  Niccolo  Donato. 

On  Tuesday,  the  8th  of  May,  Niccolo  Donato  died,  about  two  hour; 
of  the  night,  as  near  as  the  moment  could  be  known,  which  his 
nephews  and  servants  did  conceal,  and  is  never  hastily  published  frj 
the  State.  His  disease  was  an  apoplexy,  wherewith  being  surprised 
after  a  gentle  fit  or  two  of  an  ague,  he  had  no  leisure  or  no  mind  to 
alter  a  former  will,  made  while  he  was  but  a  senator,  so  miserably, 
as  if  he  had  meant  to  be  frugal  even  after  his  death :  for  therein  he 
left  but  twenty-five  ducats  to  all  his  servants,  and  only  twenty  to 
the  nuns  of  Santa  Chiara  at  Murano,  where  he  disposed  his  body  to  be 
laid.     The  short  time  of  his  princedom  (having  been  but  a  month 

1  Lorenzo  Venier  1552-1625,  Procuratore  di  S.  Marco,  May  30,  1018.  (Cigogna.  iv, 
p.  441.) 

2  An  indecisive  and  inglorious  engagement,  near  the  port  of  Spalato.  on 
July  13,  1617,  in  which  Lorenzo  Venier  distinguished  himself.  (Vittorio  Siri, 
Memorie  Recondite,  1677,  iv,  pp.  152-4.) 

3  The  election  of  Donato  was  unpopular,  and  when  he  was  carried  about  the 
Piazza  in  the  usual  way  after  his  election  the  populace  cheered  the  names  of  hi^ 
competitors,  and  refused  to  pick  up  the  money  he  threw  to  them. 


TO  THE  MARQUIS  OF  BUCKINGHAM  (?)        189 

and  two  days)  did  yield  little  matter  of  observation.  One  thing  was 
potable,  that  entering  with  small  applause  of  the  common  men,  he 
suddenly  got  their  favours  upon  a  false  conceit.  For  a  decree  taring 
passed  in  his  predecessor's  time  about  the  reformation  of  bakers  (who 
made  scant  loaves),  and  being  conceived  to  be  his  deed,  the  plebeyity ! 
(whose  supreme  object  is  bread)  cried  in  all  corners,  viva  DomtUk 
In  his  nature  there  was  a  strange  conjunction  of  two  things  rarely 
seen  together,  love  of  learning  and  love  of  money.  And  this  is  all 
that  can  be  said  of  him. 

Now  being  gone,  the  following  election  was  likely  to  be  short,  the 
same  concurrence  appearing  as  before,  and  the  affections  having  been 
so  newly  sounded  and  prepared.  Therefore  (not  to  extend  discourse) 
the  Duke's  funeral  rites  being  performed  the  Monday  after  his  death, 
the  Thursday  morning  following  Antonio  Priuli  was  made  Duke 
with  all  balls.  For  Giustiniano  having  but  eight  voices  among  the 
last  one  and  forty  electors,  and  Nani  (by  strange  and  almost  pro- 
digious fortune)  none,  the  foresaid  eight  friends  of  Giustiniano, 
unprofitable  for  him  whom  they  loved  best,  did  immediately  concur 
with  Priuli's  thirty-three  voices.  And  so  a  solemn  ambassage  is 
preparing  out  of  the  body  of  the  Senate  to  determine  his  commission 
in  Friuli,  and  to  recall  him  to  the  supreme  honour  of  his  country, 
when  at  the  very  same  time,  or  little  difference,  one  of  the  two 
Austrian  commissioners  on  the  other  side  is  dead  in  the  midst  of  the 
treaty.    So  various  are  human  fortunes  and  conditions. 

303.     To  Sir  Thomas  Lake. 

Eton  MS.,  dictated,  Rox.  Club,  p.  20.     The  new  Doge;  the  Spanish  Plot; 
Ferdinand  King  of  Hungary,  &c. 

From  Venice,  this  1th  of  June,  101b. 
Right  Honourable, 

This  week  hath  been  spent  in  the  pompous  introducement  of 
our  new  duke,  Antonio  Priuli ;  matter  of  little  edification.  Of  his 
election  I  have  given  an  accompt  before.  On  Tuesday  morning, 
when  he  was  borne  in  a(n)  open  litter  upon  men's  shoulders,  and 
showed  (as  the  ma(nner)  is)  to  the  people,  he  is  said  to  have  thrown 
away  among  them  in  gold  and  silver  4,000  crowns,  being  by  nature 
no  admirer  of  money,  and  in  truth  a  wonderful  beloved  man.  The 
next  day  lie  fell  sick  of  the  gout,  which  at  times  doth  take  him  ;  so 
as  yet  he  hath  not  been  congratulated  withal  by  the  public  ministers. 
But  I  have  performed  that  office  with  him  in  his  bed  by  my  secretary  ; 
for  no  ambassadors  can  here  personally  visit  the  Prince  in  private, 

1  ■  Plebeyity,'  obs.  for  plebs.     {N.  E.  D.) 


140  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

without  mor(e)  jealousy  than  the  estimation  of  a  compliment  will 
amo(unt)  unto.  In  his  oration  to  the  people  he  was  as  short  (as) 
he  was  large  in  his  munificence  ;  concluding  with  a  very  remarkable 
exhortation  of  them,  to  a  vigilant  zeal  towards  their  country,  '  by 
which,'  said  he,  'we  shall  frustrate  the  insidious  malice  of  our 
adversaries' — a  manifest  allusion  to  the  late  conspiracy.  He  (is) 
likely  to  live  long  enough  (though  seventy  year  old)  to  receive  the 
honour  of  a  congratulatory  letter  from  his  Majesty,  as  is  of  course  ; 
and  therefore  (I  pray)  you,  Sir,  to  hasten  it  hither,  for  though  he 
h(ave)  a  cardinal  to  his  son,  and  thereby  falleth  within  (the)  rank 
of  those  here  which  we  call  PapaMni,  in  counter-division  to  the 
Patrioti,  yet  he  is  a  wise,  moderate  man,  and  doth  both  well  under- 
stand and  celebrate  his  Majesty's  merits. 

Of  the  French  complot  (for  which  so  many  have  suffered  death) 
I  can  yet  send  no  full  report ;  for  to  this  day  the  Council  of  Ten  and 
the  Inquisitors  of  State  (which  are  our  black  magistrates)  have  with- 
held the  process  from  the  Senate  ;  with  which  body  when  it  shall  be 
communicated,  we  shall  catch  a  clearer  knowledge  of  all  circum- 
stances. For  the  rest,  we  continue  in  the  same  fluctuation  of  dis- 
course, Vercelli  not  yet  rendered,  Ossuna  not  slacking  his  provisions, 
and  these  discovered  practices  arguing  bad  affections.  Ferdinando 
hath  now  made  himself  King  of  Hungary  by  denying  nothing,1  and 
will  assuredly  by  the  same  means  be  King  of  the  Eomans.  For  the 
voice  that  hath  run  of  the  Duke  of  Bavaria  (not  a  little  helped  by  the 
Count  Palatine's  visiting  of  him)  sounds  like  a  dream.  And  although 
by  one  of  your  letters  unto  me,  you  seem  to  have  been  informed  of 
some  difficulties  that  may  lie  in  his  way,  I  must  crave  pardon  to 
think  otherwise  ;  for  I  have  been  bred  some  years  in  Germany,  and 
I  am  too  well  acquainted  with  the  Almaine  princes,  to  believe  that 
they  will  venture  a  civil  war  upon  the  matter.  Therefore  here  we 
contemplate  him  already  as  Emperor  in  semine ;  and  his  resident 
having  within  these  two  days  pressed  the  State  to  re-establish  their 
commission  in  Friuli  (which,  by  the  death  of  one  of  the  other  side, 
and  revocation  of  one  of  theirs  to  the  princedom,  hath  been  disturbed) 
the  instance,  as  you  may  imagine,  was  grateful.  I  cannot  end  with- 
out relating  one  of  the  noblest  things,  newly  done  by  this  State,  that 
I  have  ever  before  seen  among  them — and  yet  subject,  as  all  things 
are,  to  diversity  of  interpretations.  The  thing  is  this :  as  they  made 
Antonio  Priuli  duke  in  his  absence,  so  into  his  place  of  Procuratore 
(thereby  vacant)  they  have  chosen  Lorenzo  Veniero,  likewise  absent, 
who  in  the  fight  with  the  Ossunian  fleet,  as  we  call  it,  did  behave 

1  Ferdinand,  Duke  of  Styria  1590,  King  of  Bohemia  1617,  of  Hungary  1618, 
elected  Emperor  in  succession  to  Matthias,  Aug.  18,  1619. 


TO   STR   THOMAS    LAKE  1  11 

himself  as  bravely  as  the  rest  infamously;  so  as  the  State,  in  his 
advancement,  hath  plain  enough  affected  the  disgrace  of  hit  com- 
panions. And  this  maketh  the  matter  the  (more)  notable,  because 
h<-  had  thirty-one  balls  above  any  concurrent,  and  two  hundred  more 
than  some  of  otherwise  great  (esti)mation,  notwithstanding  the 
silent  opposition  against  him  of  those  families  who  had  of  their 
friends  in  (the)  foresaid  fight.  But  this  only  doth  overcharge  hi(m) 
with  envy,  that  he  hath  borne  it  from  a  competi(tor)  of  the  house  of 
Balbi,  who  hath  more  than  twenty  scars  remaining  on  his  body  from 
wounds  received  (at)  the  battle  of  Lepanto— so  as  in  this  there  was 
a  conflict  betwixt  greatness  and  freshness  of  merit. 

From  Rome  they  write  me  that  my  Lord  Rosse  doth  live  so  close, 
shifting  often  his  lodgings,  as  it  seemeth  that  none  of  my  correspon- 
dents can  particularly  say  to  have  seen  him  of  late.  And  so,  Sir,  for 
this  week  I  commit  you  to  God's  love.     Resting  ever, 

At  your  Honour's  command, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Posts(cript). — I  have  newly  received  from  Dr.  Marta  such  assur- 
ance of  some  good  services,  which  he  intendeth,  as  hath  made  me 
resolve  to  comfort  him  with  moneys ;  of  both  which  I  will  give  his 
Majesty  an  accompt  by  the  next  post ;  I  mean  both  of  his  use  and 
his  satisfaction. 


304.    To  Sir  Dudley  Carleton. 

S.  P.  Ve)L,  dictated.     No  date,  endorsed  by  Carleton  '  June  1618 '.    The 
Venetian  elections,  the  Spanish  Plot,  &c. 

(Venice,  June  1618.) 
My  very  good  Lord, 

I  have  this  week  received  your  Lordship's  on  the  eighth  of  May, 
which  hath  brought  me  the  ill  news  of  your  late  sickness ;  wherein 
I  have  not  altogether  unsympathized  with  you,  having  myself  been, 
though  I  thank  God  not  a  decumbent,  yet  often  times  troubled  with 
my  familiar  evil  of  distillations  from  my  head,  which  I  have  more 
found  in  this  vaporous  air,  since  my  last  coming  hither  than  before, 
as  being  less  able  to  resist  it  than  when  I  had  more  youth.  This 
hath  made  me  (to  show  your  Lordship  how  confraternal  we  are  in  all 
our  motions)  supplicate  his  Majesty  for  my  return  towards  next 
winter  ;  before  which  time  I  hope  our  noise  here  (the  unhappy 
subject  of  ambassadors'  pens)  will  cease.  Now  since  my  last  unto 
your  Lordship  what  have  we  done  ?  We  have  buried  two  Dukes,  and 
chosen  two  other  :  we  have  seen  fortune  stronger  than  reason  ;  for  the 


142  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

Procurator  Nani  (who  in  the  whole  mass  had  provided  most  voices) 
had  among  the  last  forty-one  not  so  much  as  one.  We  have  seen  of 
the  four  commissioners  in  Friuli  one  of  the  Venetian  recalled  to 
a  princedom,  and  at  the  same  time  one  of  the  other  side  called  to 
heaven. 

We  have  seen  Lorenzo  Viniero,  in  hate  of  the  Spaniards,  against 
whom  he  fought  well,  preferred  before  concurrents  of  greater  place 
and  age  to  the  vacant  procuratorship  of  the  now  Duke,  and  Nicolo 
Contarini ■  made  commissioner  in  the  said  Duke's  room  before  the 
Procurator  Nani :  we  have  seen  our  Cato,  Leonardo  Mocenigo,  banished 
for  refusing  the  generalship  at  sea,  and  this  week  restored  again  by 
the  benefit  of  a  bando,  which  he  bought  from  the  community  of  Salo. 
We  have  dismissed  one  Chaus,  that  hovered  here  a  good  while 
wrangling  for  money,  and  yesternight  received  another,  I  know  not 
yet  upon  what  errand,  but  your  Lordship  knows  well  what  unwel- 
come guests  they  are  hither.  Lastly  we  have  seen  some  spectacles  of 
horror  between  these  fatal  pillars,  by  justice  done  upon  those  French 
conspirators,  whereof  no  doubt  the  noise  hath  already  filled  every 
corner  of  Europe.  Some  thirty  (according  to  my  list)  have  already 
ended  their  lives,  some  drowned  at  sea,  some  strangled  in  prison, 
and  then  buried  in  the  Canal  degli  Orfani  by  night.  Three  hanged  by 
the  heels  in  public  view,  but  likewise  first  strangled  ;  which  secret 
justice  upon  a  foreign  nation  will  force  the  State  to  give  some 
public  accompt  of  it,  when  the  process  shall  be  finished,  which  yet 
dependeth  at  the  Tribunal  of  Ten,  our  black  magistrates,  and  it  hath 
hung  so  long  since  the  first  discovery,  that  some  begin  to  doubt 
(I  mean  of  these  malicious  commentors)  that  we  are  loth  to  search 
too  deep.  Strange  it  is  that  hitherto  there  is  no  open  appearance  of 
either  outward  or  inward  intelligence,  nor  no  nation  but  merely 
French  intermingled  in  it.  Yet  we  hold  it  in  public  voice  to  have 
been  forged  at  Naples,  which  impression  the  Spanish  ambassador  here 
hath  thought  fit  to  allay  with  some  speech  in  College :  I  shall  give 
your  Lordship  before  your  leaving  of  the  Hage  (which  I  heartily  wish 
may  be  with  your  full  contentment)  some  clearer  knowledge  of  these 
things.  And  for  the  present  I  leave  you  in  God's  blessed  love,  ever 
resting  your  Lordship's  faithful  poor  friend  and  brother,  as  I  must 
needs  call  you  after  so  many  conformities  in  our  fortunes. 

Henry  Wotton. 

Among  these  jealousies  cast  upon  the  French,  he  that  served 
your  Lordship  has  tasted  his  part,  having  been  two  or  three  days 

1  Nicolo  Contarini,  Doge  xcvii,  1630-1. 


TO   SIR   DUDLEY   CARLETON  143 

restrained  by  the  magistrate  Sopra  la  Biastrmn ' :  but  freed  again, 
though  with  bando  to  be  gone  within  eight  days. 


305.    To  James  I. 

Eton  MS.,  holograph,  Rox.  Club,  p.  26.     Letter  sent  with  Isaac  Bargrave. 

From  Venice,  the  4th  of  July,  1618. 
May  it  please  your  most  sacred  Majesty, 

The  bearer  hereof  is  Mr.  Isaac  Burgrave 2,  my  late  chaplain  in 
this  place  ;  of  whose  discretion  and  zeal  having  taken  good  experience 
abroad,  I  have  now  been  bold  to  address  him  unto  your  Majesty,  by 
your  favourable  admittance,  with  a  business  not  unworthy  (as  I  may 
confidently  say)  both  of  your  goodness  and  of  your  greatness  ;  appear- 
ing in  ipso  semine  of  singular  consequence  to  the  Christian  world,  as 
some  well-affected  persons  here  do  esteem  it.  The  subject  itself, 
the  motives  and  the  fruit  will  be  presented  unto  your  Majesty  in 
a  few  notes  that  come  herewith.  And  so  leaving  it  to  your  high 
wisdom,  I  ever  humbly  rest, 

Your  Majesty's  faithful  poor  vassal, 

Henry  Wotton. 

306.    To  Sir  Robert  Naunton. 

Eton  MS.,  holograph,  extract,  Rox.  Club,  p.  28.  Wotton  writes  to  Naunton 
(appointed  Secretary,  Jan.  8,  1618,  in  place  of  Winwood)  of  Leete's 
imprisonment,  of  Sir  Henry  Peyton,  and  of  a  plan  for  robbing  the  posts 
at  Augsburg. 

From  Venice,  this  5th  of  July,  1618. 
Right  Honourable, 

I  have  newly  received,  by  one  Mr.  Keire,  a  Scottish  gentleman, 
j'our  letters  written  by  his  Majesty's  direction  more  than  two  months 
sithence  in  behalf  of  Sir  Henry  Peyton 3.  Whereunto,  before  I  make 
my  humble  answer,  it  shall  be  fit  to  acquaint  his  Majesty  with  divers 
things,  both  touching  the  state  of  this  country,  and  some  other  inter- 
venient  matter  ;  wherein  I  will  begin  first  of  all  with  a  late  accident, 
which  did  keep  me  some  days  even  from  congratulating  with  this 
new  Duke;  albeit  that  office  had  been  performed,  not  only  by  all 
other  public  ministers  here  resident,  but  likewise  by  one  extraordinary 
ambassador,  expressly  sent  to  that  purpose  from  the  Duke  of  Urbine. 

1  The  Quattro  Esecutori  alia  Bcstemmia,  whose  duty  it  was  to  keep  a  watch  on 
suspected    foreigners,    gambling-houses,    and    the    sale    of  prohibited    books. 
■in,  vii,  p.  235.) 
-  Isaac  Bargrave,  see  Appendix  III. 
s  Sir  Henry  Peyton,  see  below,  p.  14G  n. 


144  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

And  therefore  you  may  imagine  that  the  cause  of  my  forbearance 
was  very  sensible  ;  whereof  this  is  the  story. 

I  sent  my  steward 1  to  invite  my  Lord  of  Oxforde  and  my  Lord 
Graye  to  dine  the  next  day  with  me  ;  who,  returning  somewhat  lat 
home  in  my  Lord  of  Oxford's  gondola,  was,  not  far  from  the  arsem 
stayed  by  a  ruffianlike  fellow,  that  calls  himself  per  buffoneria  tin 
Conte  Piero,  and  was  at  that  time  captain  of  the  watch,  thougl 
otherwise  by  profession  a  shipwright,  and  therein  of  so  singular  us 
to  the  State,  that  they  are  now  and  then  contented  to  wink  at  hi 
mad  humours.  This  man,  accompanied  with  a  suitable  train,  takes 
my  steward  then  alone  and  unarmed  (after  information  fairly  given 
him  whose  he  was,  and  whither  he  was  going)  out  of  my  Lord's 
gondola ;  carries  him  to  the  arsenal ;  handles  the  matter  so  that  he 
is  kept  all  night  in  a  filthy  room,  under  guard  as  a  prisoner ;  returns 
to  him  again  in  the  morning ;  and  then,  besides  other  contemptuous 
usage,  tells  him  in  very  distinct  language,  '  that  if  he  had  not  the 
night  before  said  he  did  belong  to  the  ambassador  of  the  King  of 
England,  he  would  have  let  him  go,'  which  words  he  repeated  three 
several  times,  even  after  warning  to  take  heed  what  he  said. 

This  being  of  itself  intolerable,  was  made  much  worse  by  coincidence 
with  a  time  wherein  a  foreign  conspiracy  having  been  so  newly  detected, 
and  the  process  thereof  as  yet  unfinished,  my  man's  retention,  and 
the  ensuing  words  of  such  pregnant  consequence  began  to  breed  some 
voice  that  our  nation  had  a  hand  in  those  foul  businesses,  and  thei 
could  not  want  here  fomentors  of  this  conceit ;  some  for  hate  of  oui 
religion,  some  for  diversion  from  others,  and  some  even  upon  spoi 
ful  malice.     All  which  having  considered,  after  the  dismission  of 
my  servant  by  wiser  folks  than  those  that  took  him,  I  made  mj 
complaint  to  the  High  Council  of  Ten  ;  who  immediately  gave  sucl 
order  that  the  fellow  was  snatched  up  in  the  open  place  of  St.  Mark's 
and  thence  carried  to  close  prison.     After  this  I  demanded  sentence 
against  him  proportionable  to  his  offence,  both  for  violating  the 
immunity  of  my  family,  and  especially  for  his  opprobrious  words  where- 
by the  King's  honour  was  touched,  and  scandal  put  upon  our  nation. 
The  Council  of  Ten  considering  my  complaint  to  enfold  respect  of 
State,  and  their  tribunal  to  be  rather  judicatory,  did  remit  the  matter  to 
the  Senate,  which  made  me  recur  by  my  secretary  to  the  Duke  for 
a  speedy  and  congruous  sentence ;  protesting  that  notwithstanding 
my  master's  affection,  and  mine  own  particular  zeal  to  this  State, 

1  Will  Leete,  steward  (see  Appendix  III),  arrested  on  this  occasion,  wrote  to 
Isaac  Bargrave  an  account  of  his  adventure,  which  is  among  the  Eton  College 
MSS.  (Box.  Club,  p.  37.)  He  says  that  Lord  Oxford  sent  him  his  '  gundelo '  to 
bring  him  to  supper,  and  that  he  was  arrested  on  his  way  thither. 


TO  SIR  ROBERT   NAUNTON  1  r, 

I  could  appear  no  more  in  the  seat  of  ambassadors  (which  La  at  the 
right  hand  of  the  Duke)  after  such  an  indignity  and  violation,  without 
><>me  public  judgement  to  satisfy  the  world.1  To  be  short:  after  th<- 
hearing  of  my  servant's  report,  the  fellow  was  condemned  to  perpetual 
imprisonment,  scnza  luce,  never  to  be  freed  without  my  assent  and 

-ire,  and  then  to  make  a  confession  of  his  fault,  and  submission  of 
himself  at  my  house.  Hereupon  I  did  instantly  deliver  him,  as  not 
delighting  in  his  misery,  though  justly  incensed  with  his  error.  For 
in  truth  an  error  it  was,  having  mistaken  his  commission,  which 
(as  I  afterwards  heard)  was  to  stop  the  servants  of  some  other  public 
person,  if  they  should  fall  within  his  walk.  Thus  all  parties  are 
isfied  ;  the  State,  to  whom  I  have  restored  an  useful  man  ;  the  repre- 
tatives  of  other  Princes,  who  were  scandalized  with  the  example  ; 
our  nation  likewise,  that  might  have  come  into  some  obloquy;  and 
lastly  the  fellow  himself  is  perchance  not  the  least  contented.2  It 
remaineth  that  his  Majesty,  by  your  opportune  remembrance,  will  be 
pleased  to  take  notice  hereof  to  the  Venetian  ambassador,  for  the 
respect  which,  upon  this  occasion,  hath  been  here  showed  towards 
his  sacred  name. 

I  have  now  visited  the  Prince,3  who  ^used  me  with  singular  kind* 

1  On  June  10  Wotton  sent  Gregorio  de'  Monti  to  the  Collegio  with  a  letter  to 
the  Doge  Priuli,  signed  '  Arrigo  Wottoni'  giving  an  account  of  Leete's  arrest. 
<  »n  June  18  de'  Monti,  with  Leete,  appeared  in  the  Collegio  with  a  letter  from 
Wotton  demanding  a  suitable  punishment  for  the  offender.  '  Concludo,'  the 
letter  ends,  '  col  supplicar  la  Serenita  Vostra  di  non  meraviglarsi  ch'  io  non 
_  l><  -rsonalmente  a  riverirla,  come  fd  di  cuore,  perche  come  privato  non 
so ;  e  se  dopo  una  tale  violazione  della  Maesta  del  mio  Re,  e  delle  immunita 
della  mia  casa,  senza  congruo  riparo,  io  debbo  farlo  come  Ambasciadore,  lo 
rimi  tto  alia  gravissima  prudenza  della  Serenita  Vostra.  Della  Serenita  Vostra 
devotissimo  servidore,  Arrigo  Wottoni.'     (Esp.  Prin.filza,  June  18,  1618.) 

-   1.  ete  writes  July  9,  1618  :  '  I  may  tell  you,  whether  for  affection  to  me,  or 

for  the  cause  itself,  aggravated  much  by  the  troublesomeness  of  the  time,  I  never 

knew  him  (Wotton)  carry  business  so  stoutly  and  so  valiantly,  in  all  my  days  ; 

which    hath   gained   him  a  great  deal  of  respect  of  all  parts,  as  well  of  the 

Italians  as  of  his  own.     This  benefit  I  receive  by  it,  in  recompense  of  my 

retention,  to  have  seen  the  Prince  and  Senate,  with  their  principal  courts  and 

pagar  nientej  Eton  MS.     (Rox.  Club,  p.  38.)     It  was  the  College,  not 

the  Senate,  that  Leete  saw.     Wotton  afterwards  told  the  Doge  good-naturedly, 

hat  the  accident  had  been  caused,  'not  by  want  of  good  will,  but  of  good  wine.' 

Wn.,  June  26.) 

J  Wotton  congratulated  the  new  Doge  on  his  election  in  the  audience  of 

'unc  26.     He  feared,  he  said,  that  all  the  figures  of  speech  had  been  used  up 

ul  dt.-flowered  (sverginati)  by  the  other  ambassadors,  but  still  he  would  try  to 

thing.    He  praised  the  prudence  of  the  Venetian  government  as  superior 

o  that  of  others,  and  even  to  that  of  the  Roman  Republic,  where  abscntium  ratio 

inn  habetur.     'But  here  the  contrary  was  the  custom.     For  the  services  of  his 

>erenity,  though  absent,  have  been  remembered,  the  merits  of  his  valour,  the 

lObility  of  his  soul,  which  he  had  shown  by  sparing  neither  his  life  nor  his 

•urso  on  all  occasions.'     He  enlarged  on  Priuli's  praises  with  great  fullness,  and 

aid  that  his  elevation  was  universally  pleasing  to  men  of  all  conditions.     He 

•  ished  him  long  life  and  long  enjoyment  of  this  supreme  rank  with  peace  and 

niet,  adding  that  the  surrender  of  Vercelli  (which  the  Spaniards,  according  to 

ins  of  the  treaty,  had  at  last  given  up  to  the  Duke  of  Savoy,  after  long 

WOTTON.    II  L 


146  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

ness,  whereof  he  hath  the  true  art,  and  did  his  Majesty  much  right  in 
calling  him  the  most  intelligent  prince  on  the  earth,  and  la  can 
anchora  di  qiiesta  MeimUica  nelle  occasioni  turbulente.  Of  our  nation 
he  spake  honourably,  '  though  from  some  others,'  said  he,  '  we  have 
received  small  satisfaction.'  Whether  he  meant  the  French  or  the 
Flemish,  I  dare  not  affirm.  Of  the  late  practices  his  discourse  was 
very  tender ;  giving  me  only  thus  much  light,  that  they  were  well 
informed  of  the  fountain,  and  willinger  that  I  should  rather  conceive 
it  to  come  from  the  Spanish  side  (though  the  French  were  the 
instruments)  than  he  say  so.  This  wras  all  that  I  then  drew  from 
him.  .  .  . 

Now  touching  his  Majesty's  directions  in  behalf  of  Sir  Henry 
Peyton  l,  so  effectually  set  down  by  your  pen. 

I  must  first  profess  that  he  is  my  particular  friend,  and  therefore, 
besides  my  duty  even  in  private  respect,  I  shall  be  glad  to  press  his 
advantage ;  but  having  sent  me  a  form  of  his  commission  and  con- 
tract,  I  find  it  so  deficient,  that  I  wonder  in  good  faith  so  judicious 
a  gentleman  could  love  himself  so  little.  I  hold  that  opinion  of 
bargains  with  States  that  Aristotle  doth  of  laws ;  of  which,  as  you 
well  know,  those  in  his  judgement  are  the  best  that  leave  least  to 
the  judge.2  And  surely  those  contracts  are  likewise  the  wisest  which 
leave  least  to  favour ;  which  I  fear  this  worthy  knight  will  find 
here ;   especially  coming   when   the  coffers   peradventure   begin 

delays)  might  bo  esteemed  as  a  sure  argument  of  future  repose.     (Esp.  Prir 
June  26,  1618.) 

1  Sir  Henry  Peyton,  son  of  Thomas  Peyton  of  Bury  St.  Edmunds.  Knightt 
1606,  governor  of  Brill  in  1613.  He  married  a  daughter  of  the  Protectc 
Somerset.  (D.N.B.)  He  was  a  favourite  officer  of  Sir  Horace  Vere,  anc 
was  engaged  by  the  Venetian  ambassador  in  England  instead  of  Sir  Held 
Mainwaring,  who  had  been  first  chosen  to  command  the  troops  engaged  fo 
the  Venetian  service.  (Corbett,  pp.  62,  86.)  The  terms  of  his  engagement  ar 
printed  by  Duffus  Hardy.  He  was  to  have  the  title  of  major,  and  for  pa) 
for  himself,  and  his  company  of  200  men,  1,350  Venetian  ducats  a  month  ; 
the  two  other  companies  of  150  men  each  were  to  be  paid  980  ducats.  (Duffus 
Hardy,  pp.  84,  85.)  The  seven  English  ships  arrived  in  the  Adriatic  in  July,  1618. 
A  letter  from  Peyton,  dated  Curzola,  May  17,  1619,  is  in  the  S.  P.  Ven.}  as  well 
as  a  number  of  other  letters  written  in  the  years  1619  and  1620.  Another  of  his 
letters  is  at  Eton.  (Box.  Club,  p.  95.)  On  Aug.  20,  1618,  Wotton  recommended 
Peyton  to  the  Doge,  describing  him  as  a  person  of  importance  in  England,  married 
to  a  lady  of  perhaps  the  gieatest  English  family  after  the  Koyal  family.  He 
was  much  beloved  by  the  King,  the  ambassador  said,  and  had  come  to  serve 
Venice  with  seven  ships,  in  which  there  were  500  men,  including  sixty  of 
'  noble  '  (i.  e.  gentlemen's)  families.  On  Dec.  18  Wotton  presented  Peyton  to 
the  Doge.  (Esp.  Prin.)  As  Wotton  anticipated,  Peyton  was  dissatisfied  with  his 
pay,  and  petitioned  for  compensation  for  his  losses  owing  to  the  rate  of  exchange. 
(Ibid.,  Sept.  22.)  In  the  meantime  some  of  his  soldiers,  finding  their  pay  was 
less  than  that  of  the  Englishmen  in  Sir  John  Vere's  regiment,  mutinied,  and  were 
severely  punished  by  the  Venetian  general.  (See  below,  pp.  152-4.)  Sir  Henry 
Peyton  remained  in  the  Venetian  service  till  his  death  on  Oct.  13,  1623.  He 
'  seems  to  be  more  lamented ',  Branthwaite  wrote,  '  after  his  death,  than  well 
rewarded  for  his  service  while  he  lived,  for  he  hath  left  a  great  many  debts, 
and  little  to  pay  them.'     (S.  P.  Fen.,  Oct.  20.)  2  Be  Arte  Rhet.  i.  7. 


TO  SIR   ROBERT   NAUNTON  117 

sound.  Not  to  trouble  you  with  all  particulars,  there  is  in  his 
contract  one  unfortunate  word  * di  moncta  corrente\  which  will  irre- 
mediably prejudice  him  at  least  8  per  100  in  his  receipts.  This 
I  speak  by  way  of  provision,  that  no  want  be  imputed  to  me,  if  he 
mi^s  his  contentment,  which  others  have  not  altogether  had,  even 
when  they  might  challenge  it.  And  of  mine  own  endeavours  for 
hi  in  when  he  arriveth  (of  which  we  wonder  not  yet  to  have  heard) 
I  will  render  the  King,  as  you  require,  a  particular  accompt. 

There  doth  remain  for  the  last  part  of  this  dispatch  a  business  or 
t  wo  of  secret  and  important  quality  ;  which  have  made  me  commit 
it  to  an  honest  merchant,  and  to  impose  haste  upon  him.     For  the 
first,   it   may  please   his   Majesty  to   understand    that   there   is  in 
Augusta  one  Philip  Hainhoffer,  a  Vatricius  of  that  small  community. 
This  man  holds  correspondence  with  divers  Princes,  and  doth  much 
desire  to  have  some  relation  towards  the  King.     In  plainer  language, 
a  pension  of  about  one  hundred  pounds  yearly,  promising  to  entertain 
his  Majesty  with  many  curious  things.     I  have  not  with  him  any 
acquaintance  by  sight,  but  I  find  him  by  his  letters  and  by  report 
jy  to  be  moulded  as  we  list ;  whereupon  I  have  lately  conceived 
a  notable  use  of  him  for  the  King's  service.     Augusta  (his  natural 
t)  is  the  place  where  all  the  letters  and  packets  do  weekly  concen- 
trate, and  there  they  be  first  severed  in  the  common  valigia,  and 
thence  distributed  to  and  fro  into  sundry  parts.     Now  the  thing  that 
I  would  wish  done  is  the  intercepting  of  the  Jesuits'  packets,  and 
.  particularly  those  that  pass  ultra  citraque  between  the  English  priests 
in  England  and  Rome,  and  the  intermediate  places  of  Rhemes,  Doway, 
St.  Omers,  and  other.     This  can  be  done  nowhere  so  featly  as  in 
Augusta ;  nor  by  none  so  easily  as  himself,  who  commands  there  the 
|  master  of  the  posts,  and  by  his  correspondence  from  divers  parts, 
j  haunts  him  weekly.     So  that  he  hath  great  opportunity  to  do  this 
I  thing  ;  and  may  transport  them  continually  to  his  Majesty  through 
your  hands  under  a  new  cover.     If  therefore  it  may  please  the  King 
I  to  give  me  authority  to  handle  this  business  with  him,  and  to  promise 
him  his  gracious  favour  upon  such  a  piece  of  meritorious  curiosity, 
I  will  tentatively  propound  it  unto  him  in  my  return  homewards 
hat  way  ; *  and  be  provided  in  the  meanwhile,  by  a  friend  I  have  in 
Kome,  to  instruct  him  under  which  seals  and  names  those  intelli- 
gences pass,  and  with  some  other  circumstances  belonging  to  this 
natter,  wherewith  I  was   well  acquainted  in  my  first  ambassage, 
\  hen  the  Jesuits  were  here,  and  held  their  weekly  intercourse  with 

1  Wotton  received  the  necessary  instructions,  and  wrote  to  Naunton  (Aug.  21. 
018).  'Touching  Philip  Hainhoffer,  I  make  no  doubt,  in  iny  passage  by 
tagusta,  to  settle  the  matter  well  in  his  hands,  and  to  fit  him  with  all  due 
attractions  and  preparatives.'     (Kox.  Club,  p.  54.) 

l2 


148  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

Rome.  Captain  Henry  Bell  (who  is  ere  this  time  arrived  in  England) 
was  solicited  by  this  man  in  his  late  passage  by  Augusta  to  represent 
his  devotion  to  the  King  ;  from  whom  (if  it  please  you)  you  may  take 
some  farther  description  than  I  can  give  of  him,  without  any  mention 
of  this  project,  which  I  humbly  commit  to  your  closest  cabinet— since 
the  life  of  it  is  the  secrecy. 

The  other  business  is  of  greater  consequence,  and  worthy  of  the 
King's  wise  and  Christian  care ;  which  I  have  now  committed  to 
Mr.  Isaac  Bargrave,  my  late  chaplain,  with  whom  I  spent  much  con- 
ference about  it  here.  He  hath  order  from  me  to  repair  unto  you, 
and  I  hope  well,  by  your  favour,  to  be  introduced  to  his  Majesty, 
when  the  matter  shall  first  have  passed  the  file  of  your  own  judge- 
ment. Now,  a  wrord  touching  myself,  and  so  I  will  humbly  take 
my  leave. 

I  besought  his  Majesty  by  the  forenamed  Captain  Bell  to  grant 
mine  own  return  unto  his  comfortable  sight  towards  next  winter. 
Since  when  I  have  considered  that  the  summer  spends  apace ;  and, 
besides,  I  would  fain  see  a  full  end  of  our  noise,  which  being  not 
likely  to  be  before  the  cold  weather,  I  shall  be  cast  into  a  very 
incommodious  passage.  Therefore,  Sir,  I  humbly  beseech  you  that, 
by  your  favourable  intercession,  I  may  return  towards  the  beginning 
of  next  March  ;  and  in  the  meantime  be  furnished  with  his  Majesty's 
letters  of  revocation,  and  with  his  farther  commands  about  tin 
propositions  now  made. 

And  in  all  this,  or  anything  else  that  may  help  my  poor  fortune, 
I  do  heartily  beg  your  love,  as  I  do  unenviously  wish  your  prosperity, 
having  been  long  acquainted  with  your  worthiness. 

Your  Honour's,  with  true  devotion, 

Henry  Wotton. 


307.    To  Isaac  Baegeave. 

Eton  MS.,  dictated ;  signature  and  postscript  holograph,  Box.  Club,  p.  61, 
addressed  '  To  Mr.  Isaac  Bargrave,  my  late  chaplain  and  ever  loving 
friend '.  Undated,  but  plainly  the  '  business  '  referred  to  in  above 
dispatch  of  July  5.    The  proposed  Protestant  Seminaries. 

(Venice,  July  5,  1(518.) 

Information  touching  the  Project  of  Orthodox al 
Seminaries  to  be  erected  in  fit  places. 

This  project,  his  Majesty  will  remember  to  have  been  at  the  time 
of  my  first  ambassage  conceived  here  by  some  well-affected  persons, 
and  afterwards  among  other  things,  represented   unto  him  by  an 


TO   ISAAC   BARORAVK  149 

express  messenger,  namely  Sig.  Francesco  Biondi ',  esteeming  it 
glorious  for  the  King,  in  the  present  and  future  ages,  to  be  the  author 
of  this  work,  and  promover  thereof  with  other  religious  Princes  and 
States. 

The  final  scope  was  to  institute  many  well-chosen  spirits  for  the 
instruction  and  conversion  of  others,  to  which  end  they  were  after- 
wards to  be  diversely  distributed,  especially  in  the  Italian  provinces, 
thereby  (through  God's  blessing)  to  give  the  Pope  in  time  as  much 
business  at  home,  as  Gregory  XIII  hath  done  to  other  Princes  with 
his  emissaries.  And  because  it  were  ignominious  that  the  instruments 
of  darkness  should  be  more  diligent  than  those  of  truth,  it  was  hoped 
that  not  only  zeal,  but  even  shame  itself,  would  advance  this  good 
intent.2  Towards  which,  no  place  was  conceived  fitter  for  a  be- 
ginning, than  to  plant  a  seminary  in  some  of  the  reformed  Churches 
confining  with  Italy,  particularly  in  the  community  of  the  Grisons. 

This  part  was  preferred  before  other  in  two  respects  :  first,  for  the 
advantage  of  vicinity  ;  next,  for  that  they  all  for  the  most  part  speak 
Italian,  in  which  language  it  was  necessary  that  they  should  be 
nourished,  who  were  afterwards  to  practise  that  nation. 

Among  the  first  approvers  and  debaters  of  this  project  was  the 
Cavalier  Hercole  de  Sal  ice,  as  then  ambassador  from  the  Grisons  to 
this  Republic,  a  gentleman  of  singular  piety  and  experience. 

From  this  Cavalier  I  was  (as  you  know)  advertised  the  last  summer 
by  two  special  messengers,  of  a  purpose  renewed  by  himself  and  some 
other  good  men,  to  propound  at  the  next  general  assembly  of  the 
Rhaetian  communities,  the  erecting  of  a  college  or  seminary  in  Sunda, 
the  principal  seat  of  the  Valtolina,  bordering  the  Dukedom  of  Milan. 
And  after  the  said  assembly,  he  sent  me  another  messenger,  with 
information  that  the  said  decree  had  passed,  though  somewhat  different 
from  the  first  conception  ;  for  of  six  classes  it  was  appointed  that  four 
should  be  of  the  Reformed  Religion,  and  two  of  the  Roman.  '  To 
•which  '  (said  he)  4  we  were  forced  to  yield  for  some  satisfaction  of 
•the  contrary  side,  who  began  to  suspect  the  issue,  contenting  ourselves 
with  the  greater  part,  and  that  the  President  should  always  be  of 
the  Reformed  Church.' 

Hereupon  I  made  an  objection,  that  the  commixture  of  opposite 
religions  would  both  hinder  the  final  scope  (because  the  worse  would 

1  Ante,  i,  pp.  94,  447. 

2  In  another  letter  about  these  seminaries  (Jan.  18,  1619,  N.S.)  Wotton  wrote 
that  he  couid  find,  in  his  'own  poor  discourse',  only  one  objection  to  the  plan. 
•  It  will  be,  and  may  well  be  said,  that  the  truth  hath  been  always  accompanied 
with  a  kind  of  natural  simplicity  and  security,  which  will  so  disadvantage  us, 
that  we  shall  not  find  out  such  plenty  of  proper  instruments,  as  the  author  of 
ill  untruth  doth  mould  in  his  own  colleges.'  But  the  objection  ought  rather, 
lie  thought,  '  to  awake  our  spirits,  than  allay  our  hopes.'     {Box.  Club,  p.  100.) 


150  LETTERS    OF   WOTTON 

serve  for  spies  over  the  better)  find  likewise  it  would  cool  the  charities 
of  the  Princes  and  States,  who  had  no  reason  to  contribute  to  such 
a  medley. 

I  sent  therefore  the  party  back  with  two  cautions  :    the  one 
provide  by  some  means  that  the  college  might  be  entire.     Second! 
that  we  might  be  sure  of  the  missions  (which  is  the  point  that  mus 
excite  Princes)  lest  it  should  resolve  into  private  use. 

The  party  returned  back,  and  the  business  so  remained  in  silence, 
till  the  receipt  of  a  letter  annexed  hereunto,  bearing  date  the  fx°f 
June,1  which  I  received  from  the  forenamed  Cavaliere  de  Salice  in 
answer  of  my  opposition,  whereby  will  appear  that  the  business  is  now 
in  good  state,  and  capable  of  further  advancement. 

In  the  said  letter,  you  find  required  my  poor  advice  whether  I  think 
it   expedient  (as   they   incline)  to   depute  their   Gymnasiardia,   ac- 
companied with  some  ecclesiastical  persons  of  quality,  to  inform  the 
King  my  master  of  their  intents.     In  which  journey  they  might 
likewise  deal  with  the  Count  Palatine  and  other  Princes.     Where- 
unto  I  have  answered  I  have  thought  it  my  duty  about  that  point, 
to  consult  by  an  express  messenger  with  his  Majesty's  wisdom  and 
goodness.2     For  though  it  may  be  carried  so,  as  if  it  were  only  to 
move  a  charitable  collection  for  those  reformed  Churches  (concealing 
the  main  scope),  yet  I  apprehend  some  doubt  that  such  an  open 
deputation  of  persons  may  perchance  raise  more  noise  than  at  fin 
was  fit.     Besides  I  conceive  that  it  will  pass  with  less  rumour,  an 
greater  honour  for  his  Majesty,  if  it  shall  please  him  to  let  me  handl 
this  business  (about  which  I  have  bestowed  some  study)  in  his  roya 
name  with  the  German  Princes  of  the  Union  in  my  way  as  I  retun 
homewards,  and  to  let  me  signify  so  much  in  the  meanwhile  to 
the  Grisons,  that  so  is  his  pleasure,  for  the  prevention  of  their  pains 

1  Now  among  the  Eton  MS.    (Printed,  with  translation,  in  Rox.  Club,  pp.  22-G. 

2  The  King's  answer  was  that,  for  the  Gymnasiarcha  to  come  to  Englanc 
would  '  raise  more  noise  than  were  fit ',  and  that  Wotton  himself  should  consul 
the  German  Princes  about  the  plan  on  his  way  homeward,  James  promising 
the  meantime  to  prepare  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  and  'some  other  goc 
bishops  for  giving  furtherance  to  such  collections  as  shall  be  made  for  the  setting 
forward  of  that  good  work  '.  (Eton  MS.,  Eox.  Club,  pp.  35,  36.)  Naunton  wrot 
to  Wotton  on  Aug.  5  to  say  that  the  King  fervently  embraced  this  project 
of  Protestant  seminaries  ;  and  thereupon  the  ambassador  sent  his  secretary 
Richard  Seymer  to  visit  his  correspondents  among  the  Grisons.  '  For  if  Salust 
(as  we  read)  did  transport  himself  into  Africa  for  tbe  better  description  of  some 
places  whereof  he  was  to  speak  in  the  Jugurthine  war,  I  thought  it  my  duty, 
being  fixed  here  myself,  to  take  at  least  by  one  of  mine  (whose  judgement  I  dare 
trust)  a  sight  of  that  seat  which  may  perchance  hereafter  breed  a  better  story, 
especially  my  gracious  master  requiring  so  fervently  all  zeal  and  care  from  me 
in  this  business.'  (Nov.  19,  N.S.,  1618,  Eton  MS.,'  Rox.  Club,  p.  75.)  Seymer 
reported  that  the  conditions  were  favourable  to  tbe  project,  and  on  his  return 
home  in  1619  Wotton  laid  the  proposal  before  the  Protestant  Princes  of  the 
Union.     (See  below,  p.  179.) 


TO   ISAAC   BARGRAVi:  151 

In  which  case  I  must  be  furnished  from  the  King  with  a  general,  or 

with  particular  letters  of  credit,  to  the  said  Princes  and  States  united. 

This  business  I  have  committed  to  your  representation,  both  because 

by  often  conference  with  you  here  about  it,  you  are  already  well 

seasoned  therein,  and  for  that  the  experience  which  I  have  taken 

of  your  zeal  and  judgement,  doth  make  me  confident,  that  you  will 

carry  it  effectually.     And  so  wishing  it  may  prove  that  mustard  seed 

wherein  the  birds  of  heaven  did  afterwards  build  their  nest,  I  ever  rest. 

Your  affectionate  poor  friend, 

Henry  Wotton. 
Sir, 

I  pray  you  to  represent  this  business  as  only  an  essay  and 

groundwork  laid,  which  must  be  seconded  and  prosecuted  in  other 

places.     And  although  at  first  it  appear  but  slight,  yet  let  us  remember 

how  ourselves  have  been  troubled  with  those  contemptible  beginnings 

at  Rhemes.     Who  dreamed  of  a  fourth  monarchy  when  those  two 

outcast  babes  did  suck  the  wolf  ? l 

308.    To  Sir  Robert  Naunton. 

Eton  MS.,  dictated,  extract,  Box.  Club,  p.  42.    The  Spanish  Conspiracy ;  first 
news  of  the  mutiny  in  the  Venetian  fleet. 

26  July,  1618. 
Right  Honourable, 

If  before  Friday  next  (which  is  the  day  of  our  ordinary  dispatches) 
this  State  shall  publish  no  declaration  touching  the  French  con- 
spiracy, which  hath  been  these  two  months  weekly  expected,  I  will 
then  deliver  unto  his  Majesty  mine  own  private  discourse  about  it 
with  all  humble  freedom.  Whereof  I  have  hitherto  suspended  the 
full  accompt  (though  I  advertised  the  thing  itself  long  since)  for  fear 
of  wronging  in  so  close  a  business,  either  the  nation  that  is  under 
obloquy,  or  the  Government.2 

1  A  pun  on  Remus  and  Rhemes  (Rheims),  whither  the  Jesuit  Seminary 
founded  at  Douai  in  1568  was  removed   in  1578. 

2  The  Frenchmen  in  Venice  kept  demanding  that  their  national  character 
should  be  cleared  in  regard  to  the  plot,  and  Wotton  wrote  that  the  whole 
process  ought  to  be  published  for  'the  satisfaction  of  the  ill-speaking  world'. 
[Rox.  CItib,  p.  134.)  At  last  Wotton  himself  asked  that  an  account  of  the  plot 
should  be  sent  to  the  King  of  England;  James  I  had  sent  the  news  of  his 
Powder  Plot  to  Venice,  showing  thereby  his  confidence  in  the  Republic, 
and  his  affection  for  it.  Why  should  not  the  Republic  do  the  same  to  the  King 
in  similar  circumstances?  But  the  Doge  replied  that  'Venice  was  governed 
in  a  different  manner  from  other  States,  some  things  could  be  revealed,  but 
it  w.is  important  to  keep  others  secret  ;  they  carried  on  their  trials  according 
to  the  rules  of  the  councils,  and  the  proper  laws  of  the  Republic.  The  crime  is 
proved  ;  the  plot  was  against  this  and  certain  other  cities  of  our  dominion  ;  the 
criminals  have  been  identified,  and  have  themselves  confessed  their  guilt.' 
(Esp.  P)in.,  Aug.  20,  1618.)  On  Aug.  21  Wotton  wrote  to  James  I  about  the 
plot  'I  am  well  assured  that  no  public  minister  resident  upon  this  lake  doth 


152  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

Let  me  now  only  acquaint  his  Majesty,  with  more  certainty  than 
in  my  last,  that  Sir  Henry  Peyton  is,  with  seven  English  ships,  arrived 
in  the  Gulf,  and  hath  lost  many  men  on  the  way  by  sickness,  so  as 
his  troops  are  weak :  and  I  think  it  were  a  good  piece  of  counsel  to 
compose  the  remainder  of  the  English  which  came  out  of  Holland, 
and  these  new  ones  into  one  body,  if  both  sides  could  agree  upon  the 
matter.  At  his  first  arrival,  if  we  be  rightly  intelligenced,  he  hath 
seen  a  severe  example  ;  for  part  of  the  foresaid  Hollanders,  having 
found  in  the  territory  of  the  Raguseans,  where  they  went  on  shore, 
a  tenable  head  of  land,  and  being  full  of  discontentment,  did  fortify 
themselves  against  the  General ;  till  by  fair  persuasions  he  drew  them 
into  his  power  again,  and  so  hanged  half  a  dozen  of  the  principal 
mutineers. 

309.     To  Sir  Robert  Naunton. 

Eton  MS.,  dictated,  Booc.  Club,  p.  41. *   Further  news  of  the  English  mutiny. 

From  Venice,  this  26th  of  July,  1618. 
Right  Honourable, 

Under  this  date  I  write  two  letters  unto  you  ;  whereof  the 
present  is  the  latter,  and  is  written  to  correct  the  former.  For 
whereas  in  the  same  I  advertised  that  an  execution  had  been  done 
upon  certain  mutinous  persons  of  the  Holland  troops,  that  had 
fortified  themselves  against  the  General  on  the  shore  of  Dalmatn 
(which  I  took  from  the  first  voice)  there  is  now  (though  I  am  soi 
to  express  it)  fresher  advice  come  from  the  armata  that  thos( 
mutineers  were  English,  and  of  the  late  arrived  under  Sir  Hem- 
Peyton's  conduct,  to  the  number  of  some  150,  who  demanded  th( 
same  pay  that  the  foresaid  Hollanders  had,  and  made  that  the  subject 
of  their  division.  To  which  the  General  made  answer,  that  he  wouh 
stand  to  the  contract  concluded  between  the  ambassador  of  tin 
State  and  their  conductor  in  England,  and  therefore  wished  them  to 
be  quiet ;  which  they  refusing,  he  landed  200  Albanesi  to  reduce 
them  by  force,  against  whom  the  English  turned  their  pikes  and 

know  more  of  it  than  myself;  and  yet  mine  own  light  is  so  confused  that  I  have 
hitherto  forborne  to  give  your  Majesty  more  than  a  general  notice  thereof. 
{Box.  Club,  p.  53.)  His  account  was  finally  sent  off  in  October  to  Sir  Robert 
Naunton  {ibid.  p.  84),  and  although  he  sent  a  duplicate  to  Sir  Thomas  Lake 
(owing  to  the  jealousy  of  these  two  secretaries  he  had  to  send  copies  of  his 
dispatches  to  each)  both  these  reports  seem  to  be  lost. 

1  The  transcripts  of  Wotton's  dispatches  and  papers  at  Eton,  printed  by  the 
Roxburghe  Club,  are  not  always  (it  is  perhaps  worth  noting)  printed  in  their 
correct  chronological  order.  This  letter  is  printed  before  the  above  letter, 
though  written  later  on  the  same  day  ;  the  project  for  the  Protestant  seminaries, 
belonging  to  the  letters  of  July  5,  is  placed  among  the  September  dispatches 
(p.  61),  and  a  dispatch  undated,  but  belonging  to  July,  1618,  is  printed  after 
a  letter  of  June  7,  1619  (p.  132).  So  also  letter  on  p.  55  belongs  before  letter 
on  p.  49,  and  the  dispatch  on  p.  113  belongs  to  the  year  1618,  not  1619,  where 
it  is  placed. 


To   ST1J    ROBERT   NAUNTON  153 

tli.-ir  shot,  which  the  General  perceiving,  h<>  laid  the  pyowfl  61  two  of 

his  galleys  against  them,  and  so  they  yielded.  Barharigo  upon  this 
forming  their  process,  did  hang  eight  of  them,  who  are  said  to  be 
captains,  lieutenants,  and  corporals,  and  that  three  of  these  did 
ilii  m  the  Roman  faith.  Their  names  I  yet  know  not,  which  shall 
}>o  advertised  in  my  next.  God  send  the  success  fairer  than  tho 
beginning.1 

To  this  I  must  add  that  by  the  letters  of  Milan  arrived  at  this 
moment,  is  intimated  a  secret  conjunction  between  Fraunce  and  Savoy 
against  the  Genovese,  which,  if  it  proceed,  will  inflame  this  whole 
country.  These  be  resolutions  proper  for  the  canicular  days,  which 
are  newly  begun  with  us.  And  so,  Sir,  wishing  us  the  continuance 
of  blessed  peace  at  home,  I  humbly  rest, 

At  your  commandments, 

Henry  Wotton. 

310.    To  Antonio  Priuli,  Doge  of  Venice. 

Fsp.  Vrin.fiJza,  July  30,  holograph.  No  date,  but  presented  on  July  30,  and 
probably  written  a  day  or  two  before.  Wotton  writes  to  the  Doge  to 
complain  of  the  severe  punishment  of  the  English  mutineers. 

Di  Padova  (July  29  (?),  1618). 
Serenissimo  Prencipe, 

Se  qualch'  indisposizione  eh'  al  presente  patisco  non  nr  havesse 
levato  le  forze,  Io  sarei  venuto  in  persona  alia  Serenita  Vostra  sopra 

1  A  full  account  of  this  mutiny,  written  by  Mr.  Southake,  the  English 
chaplain  who  came  from  England  with  Sir  Henry  Peyton,  is  among  the 
Eton  MS.,  and  is  printed  in  the  volume  of  the  Koxburghe  Club  (pp.  78-81.)  On 
July  9  (N.S.)  the  seven  English  ships  arrived  at  Cortsela  on  the  Dalmatian 
boast,  where  they  found  the  Venetian  general,  Piero  Barbarigo.  On  July  14 
the  company  of  150  men,  commanded  by  Capt.  Billingsley,  went  on  shore, 
where  they  met  some  of  the  Englishmen  of  Sir  John  Vere's  company,  then  in  the 
service  of  Venice  with  the  Holland  troops  {ante,  ii,  p.  112  n).  Hearing  these  men 
boast  that  their  pay  was  higher  than  that  of  the  new  arrivals,  Capt.  Billingsley's 
men  mutinied,  and  refused  to  return  to  their  ship  unless  their  pay  was  made 
equal  to  that  of  the  others.  First  Capt.  Billingsley,  and  then  Sir  Henry  Peyton, 
tried  to  quell  the  mutiny,  but  without  success.  Finally,  however,  their  own 
officers,  Lieut.  Harwell  and  Ancient  Herbert,  induced  them  to  lay  down  their 
arms.  Barbarigo  did  not,  however,  allow  the  men  to  return  to  their  ship,  but 
distributed  them  in  batches  of  ten  among  his  own  galleys,  and  arrested  the 
officers,  putting  them  in  chains  in  his  own  vessel.  The  next  morning  the 
officers  were  examined,  with  a  Dutch  pirate,  who  could  speak  only  about 
twenty  words  of  English,  for  interpreter,  and  were  condemned  to  be  hanged 
the  morning  following.  By  some  good  fortune  Ancient  Herbert  was  saved 
and  banished  from  the  fleet,  but  the  others,  Lieut.  Harwell,  Sergeant  French, 
•  Captain '  Stroude,  Corporals  Fuller  and  Watchorne,  Percival  Lumley,  Mar- 
inaduke  Morgan,  and  John  Clotworthy,  were  all  tied  to  a  crossbar,  and  hanged 
together,  '  during  which  execution,'  says  Southake, '  the  general  very  inhumanly 
lay  upon  his  pavilion,  laughing  at  that  cruel  spectacle.'  When  some  of  them 
begged  to  see  the  chaplain  '  for  comfort  and  resolution  before  death ',  Barbarigo 
not  only  denied  their  request,  but  'with  scornful  gesture  putting  out  his 
tongue'  asked  if  they  would  like  to  have  'their  preacher  hanged  with  them 
for  company? ' 


154  LETTERS   OF   WOTTOX 

la  notizia  di  quel  sinistra  accidente  occorso  alii  nostrali  nell'  Armata 
sua.  Et  sarei  venuto  per  due  fini.  Primo,  per  esprimere  quel  gran 
dispiacere  che  ho  sentito  ch'  un  Rappresentante  della  Serenita  Yosti 
fosse  in  qualsivoglia  modo  offeso  da  alcun  Inglese,  nazione  al  resto 
tanto  divota  al  servizio  di  lei.  Poi,  per  lamentarmi  anchora  (pero 
con  ogni  debito  rispetto)  dell'  attrocita  estrema  usata  dall'  Eccellen- 
tissimo  Signor  Pierro  Barbarigo  contra  li  sudditi  d'  un  Re  cosi  bene- 
merito  della  Serenissima  Republica  nelle  presenti  e  nelle  passate 
occasioni,  dove  che  un  caso  simile,  di  fresca  memoria,  commesso 
eziandio  alia  vista  della  citta  capitale,  et  continuato  piu  tempo,  et 
da  piu  persone,  sia  pur  passato  con  magior  clemenza.1  Non  voglio 
dire  che  ci  sia  stata  qualche  passione  particulare  contra  la  Nazione 
nostra,  se  ben  trattata  certo  infin  de  lor  prima  giunta  nel  Golfo  inhu- 
manissimamente  in  tutte  le  circonstanze.  Ma  ben  mi  fo  credere  che, 
se  al  detto  signor  Generale  Barberigo  fosse  compiaciuto  di  non 
stimare  cosi  vile  il  sangue  Inglese,  ma  di  convertire  il  supremo  sup- 
plicio  almeno  in  quello  delle  Galere,  haverebbe  forse  fatto  cosa  et  di 
piu  servizio  alia  Serenissima  Republica  e  di  manco  gusto  e  giubelo  agli 
adversarii  d'  essa.  Io  mi  reservo  di  parlarne  piu  alia  Serenita  Vostra 
quando  Dio  vorra.  Quel  ch'  e  fatto  e  delle  cose  irrevocabili  registrate 
nel  libro  di  Fato. 

Resta  pur  hora  che  io  supplichi  la  Serenita  Vostra  di  tanto  piu 
favorire  quelli  che  ne  rimangono,   e  di  scancellare  1'  immoderate 
rigore  d'un  suo  Ministro  con  la  benignita  propria,  ascoltando  grazi< 
samente  le  domande  che  le  saranno  rappresentate  dal  mio  Segretaric 
Gregorio  de'  Monti,  a  nome  del  Signor  Colonello  Peyton2  et  delli  altri. 

Delia  Serenita  Vostra 
divotissimo  servidore 

Arkigo  Wottoni. 

1  A  mutiny  in  the  Dutch  fleet  in  March  of  this  year,  instigated  by  a  depen 
dent  of  Bedmar.     (Bomanin,  vii,  p.  128.) 

2  Sir  Henry  Peyton's  requests  were  that  the  English  soldiers  might  be  allowed 
to  buy  food  from  the  land  with  their  own  money  ;  that  the  sick  should  be  sent 
on  shore,  and  that  the  'nobles'  (i.  e.  men  of  gentlemen's  families),  of  whom 
there  were  sixty,  might  be  shown  special  favour,  as  they  were  worth  twenty 
times  more  than  the  base-born.  In  reply  to  Wotton's  letter  the  Doge  said  '  My 
Lord  ambassador  knows  what  it  is  to  govern  armies  and  fleets,  and  how  great 
is  the  cai*e  and  responsibility  of  the  commanders  to  prevent  the  seditions  an 
scandals  which  may  disorganize  them.  We  know  o\ir  captain-general  is  of  sue 
great  prudence  and  goodness,  and  that  he  would  not  have  acted  without  great 
consideration,  and  for  a  just  cause,  not  from  any  private  passion  against  the 
English  nation.'  (Esp.  Prin.,  July  30,  1618.)  Wotton  afterwards  wrote  that 
Sir  Henry  Peyton  was  being  well  treated  by  Barbarigo,  and  that  the  Venetians 
had  given  him  a  salary  of  200  ducats  a  month  (about  £50)  with  which  he  was 
completely  satisfied.       Box.  Club,  p.  7G.) 


TO   SIR   ROBERT    NArXTON  158 

311.    To  Sin  Robert  Naunton. 

Eton  MS.,  dictated,  Box.  Club,  p.  55.  Undated,  but  written  after  Saturday, 
Aug.  12,  and  before  Thursday  the  17th,  on  which  day  Wotton  wrote 
'M.  Southack,  the  Preacher.,  .departed  hence  this  week  homewards'. 
(Ibid,  p.  49.)     The  execution  of  the  English  mutineers. 

(Venice,  Aug.  — ,  1618.) 
Right  Honourable, 

As  I  was  ready  by  the  last  courier  to  have  given  his  Majesty, 
with  mine  own  pen,  a  particular  accompt  of  the  unhappy  ends  of 
eight  of  his  subjects,  which  was  executed  in  the  Venetian  Armata, 
this  bearer,  Mr.  Southake,  who  came  with  Sir  Henry  Peyton  as 
preacher  to  those  troops  by  my  Lord  of  Canterburie's  good  approba- 
tion, and  was  present  at  this  black  disaster,  did  acquaint  me  with 
his  intent  of  speedy  return  home.  I  have  therefore  committed 
unto  him  this  whole  report,  being  the  person  from  whom  myself 
here  took  best  information  thereof.  It  is  surely  in  all  circumstances 
a  most  inhuman  piece  of  justice,  and  worthy,  in  my  poor  opinion, 
to  be  there  expostulated  with  the  Venetian  ambassador  at  the 
council-table,  if  the  King  be  absent ;  especially  the  point  of  the 
General's  looking  on,  and  feeding  his  eyes  with  the  blood  of  our 
men,  which  would  scant  have  become  any  of  Caligula's  generals. 
But  having  spent  his  youth  most  infamously  in  the  highest  degree, 
and  being  by  nature  weak  and  base,  he  seeketh  to  redeem  himself 
from  contempt  by  these  austerities ;  standing  not  by  any  virtue  of 
his  own,  but  by  his  father's  merit,  who  died  in  the  battle  of  Lepanto, 
being  then  a  commander  of  note.  This  is  the  character  of  his 
manners  and  of  his  fortune;  to  which  I  must  add,  that  there  is 
not  a  more  superstitious  man  in  the  whole  State.  So  as  we  may 
not  unreasonably  suspect  him  in  this  action,  under  the  countenance 
of  justice,  to  have  spent  some  of  his  spite  against  our  Religion.1 

1  The  Venetian  General  showed  his  opinion  of  Protestantism  when  he  came 
to  inspect  the  English  ships.  'Who  is  that?'  he  asked,  seeing  Southake,  and 
when  a  common  soldier  replied  that  he  was  the  preacher  for  the  whole  English 
iment,  '  what  a  pope  have  we  to  do  with  preachers?'  he  said,  furiously,  and 
ordered  him  to  be  thrown  overboard,  adding,  however,  to  the  scribe  who  was 
writing  the  names  of  the  soldiers  :  '  It  makes  no  matter  ;  write  his  name,  he 
shall  serve  St.  Mark.'  '  To  whom  I  replied,'  Southake  says,  ■  that  I  was  an 
English  preacher,  and  subject  to  a  religious  King,  defender  of  the  ancient 
Catholic  and  Apostolic  Faith,  and  that  for  my  part,  I  would  never  serve 
St.  Mark,  Peter,  nor  Paul,  but  only  my  God  and  my  King,  the  King  of  England, 
neither  would  I  take  one  penny  allowance  of  that  State.'  (Rox.  Club,  p.  78.)  In 
spite  of  the  spirit  he  showed  on  this  occasion,  Southake  left  the  fleet  and 
n  tinned  to  England,  for  which,  Wotton  wrote,  he  was  much  blamed,  as  his 
presence  was  never  more  needed.  (Box.  Club,  p.  44.)  On  his  arrival  in  England 
with  his  own  and  Wotton's  account  of  the  execution,  the  Venetian  ambassador 
th'iv  invited  him  to  dinner,  and  tried  to  bribe  him  to  silence.  Oth.  i- 
apparently  were  bribed,  and  Southake  found  it  most  difficult  to  bring  hi- 
story to  the  notice  of  the  English  government.     (Ibid.,  p.  81.) 


156  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

I  shall  here  urge  the  immane 1  proceeding  upon  the  subjects  of  so 
well  deserving  a  King,  in  that  sort  as  becometh  my  duty  and  my 
natural  compassion.  But  unless  it  be  sensibly  prosecuted  at  home, 
my  words  will  be  written  in  the  air.  And  so,  leaving  it  first  to  your 
examination,  and  then  to  your  better  delivery  thereof  to  his  Majesty 
and  to  the  Lord,  I  humbly  rest, 

At  your  Honour's  commandment, 

Henry  Wotton. 


312.    To  Sir  Robert  Naunton. 

Eton  MS.,  dictated,  extract,  Rox.  Club,  p.  55.     Affairs  in  Italy,  the 
imprisonment  of  Cardinal  Klesel,  &c. 

Venice,  this  21th  of  August,  1618. 
Style  of  England. 

.  .  .  The  new  Governor  of  Milan 2  continues  still  in  fair  humour, 
and  I  think  the  wars  of  Genova  will  prove  but  a  fit  of  jealousy. 
Of  Ossuna  we  still  stand  in  doubt.  I  have  much  to  add  unto  that 
which  I  wrote  before,  about  the  Cardinal  Klesel 3 ;  which  hath  bred, 
to  our  no  small  recreation  here,  a  kind  of  schism  between  the  Italian 
and  Spanish  cardinals,  and  between  the  Pope's  own  creatures  and 
the  elder  Piirpurati.  But  my  present  disability  of  spirit  and 
remainder  of  weakness  will  not  permit  me  to  entertain  his  Majesty 
with  these  things  till  the  next  week.  Howsoever,  I  cannot  end 
without  rendering  you  very  hearty  and  humble  thanks  for  those 
traces  of  favour  and  love,  which  appear  in  your  lines  unto  me,  and 
whereof  before  my  secretary,  Richard  Seymour,  brought  me  a  very 
sensible  assurance.  I  protest,  sir,  before  God,  you  do  me  right, 
I  mean  not  in  esteeming  me,  but  in  loving  me ;  for  there  was  none 
that  did  more  sincerely  rejoice  in  your  promotion,  having  been  tied 
unto  you,  not  only  by  long  acquaintance,  but  by  a  kind  of  consocia- 
tion in  our  contemplative  course,  wherein  I  must  confess  is  the 
highest  pleasure,  that  I  conceive  in  this  world.     And  so,  wishing 

1  '  Immane,'  arch,  for  monstrous,  savage.     {N.  E.  D.) 

2  The  Duke  of  Feria,  who  succeeded  Don  Pietro  di  Toledo.  His  mother  was 
an  Englishwoman,  the  famous  Duchess  of  Feria  (Jane  Dormer,  1538-1012), 
daughter  of  Sir  William  Dormer.  {D.N.B.)  Wotton  told  the  Doge  that  he 
could  promise  for  the  good  inclinations  of  the  Duke  of  Feria,  '  at  least  for  half 
of  him,  for  he  is  half  English.'     {Esp.  Prin.,  Aug.  20,  1618.) 

3  Cardinal  Klesel  {ante,  ii,  p.  94),  minister  and  favourite  of  the  Emperor 
Matthias,  who  was  in  favour  of  dealing  mildly  with  the  rebellious  Protestants 
of  Bohemia.  The  Archduke  Ferdinand  had  him  seized  and  imprisoned  in  the 
Tyrol,  and  forced  Matthias  to  go  to  war  with  the  Bohemians.  On  Aug.  17  the 
news  had  reached  Venice,  and  Wotton  wrote  that  the  '  whole  city  was  full 
of  marvel  and  discourse  about  it '.     {Rox.  Club,  p.  50.) 


TO   SIR   ROBERT   NAUNTON  157 

you  long  and  constant  health,  because  at  the  preoeni    I    can   m  b 
it  very  feelingly,  I  rest, 

At  your  Honour's  commandment, 

Henuy  WoTTOK. 


313.    To  Sin  Dudley  Cakleton. 

S.  /'.  Ven  .  dictated.     An  expedition  to  Vicenza  ;  news  in  Venice,  the 
Bohemian  revolution,  the  English  mutiny,  fte. 

From  Padua  ft  of  October,  1618. 
If?  very  ciooD  Lord, 

I  have  lately  received  from  your  Lordship  a  large  and  friendly 

report  of  those  affairs.     Your  said  letter  I  found  in  Padova  at  my 

return  from  Vicenza,1  whither,  it  shall  be  some  entertainment  to 

tell  you  what  occasion  drew  me.     The  Conte  Paolo  Porta  (a  family 

as  you  know  dependent  on  the  crown  of  France)  being  this  year 

prince  there  of  the  Olympian  Academy,  and  withal  concurring  his 

marriage  with  a  fair  damsel  of  the  house  of  Tieni,  took  a  fancy  to 

solemnize  this  concurrence  with  some  representation  on  that  famous 

theatre,  built  by  Palladio,  alV  antica,  which  I  suppose  your  Lordship 

hath  seen.     To  this  he  invited  the  French  ambassador,  who  accepted 

the  invitation,  and  before  his  going  would  needs  capitulate  with  the 

Signory  for  precedence  before  the  rectors  of  that  place ;  which  if  he 

had  gone  without  demanding,  it  had  been  yielded  him  per  cortcsiu, 

as  hath  been  before  to  like  representants,  and  as  I  hear  even  to 

himself,  passing  that  way  at  other  times.     But  now  de  rigorc,  it  was 

denied  him  ;  the  State  alleging  (though  with  what  reason  I  do  not 

yet  see)  that  the  rectors  of  their  towns  are  not  rappresentanti  (for 

then  the  representant  of  the  better  must  have  had  the  better  place) 

but  U  Principe  stesso.     Howsoever  it  was  signified  that  he  might  go, 

and  order  should  be  taken  for  the  avoidance  of  any  affront  to  his 

1  On  Sept.  20,  Will  Leete  wrote  to  Isaac  Bargrave  :  '  To-morrow  his  Lordship 
is  going  to  Noventa  with  the  Duke  of  Holstayne  (who  remains  in  the  house 
continually)  and  also  my  Lord  Gray,  and  my  cousin  Gouldesburroughe.  There 
we  are  likely  to  spend  ten  or  twelve  days  in  bowling  and  baloon  (at  which  we 
(■rofess  ourselves  masters),  and  so  from  thence  to  Vicenza  to  see  the  theatre 
illuminated  upon  the  occasion  of  a  play  (whether  comedy  or  tragedy  I  know 
not)  in  honour  of  a  certain  marriage,  where  I  heartily  wish  you ;  from  thence 
we  return  to  Padoua,  and  it  is  not  the  least  of  our  business  to  make  choice  of 
excellent  wines  for  our  provisions,  and  so  to  send  them  to  Venice.'  (Rox.  Club, 
p.  66.)  The  Duke  Joachim  Ernest  of  Holstein  (1595-1671)  was  son  of  John 
Duke  of  Sonderburg,  and  grandson  of  Christian  III  of  Denmark,  and  cousin 
therefore  of  the  Queen  of  England.  He  came  to  Venice  wishing  to  serve  in  the 
Venetian  army,  but  his  offer  was  not  accepted.  He  lived  for  nearly  i  year 
in  Wotton's  house,  and  travelled  with  him  to  Germany.  On  Jan.  21,  1619, 
Wotton  presented  him  to  the  Doge.  The  Lord  Gray  mentioned  above  must 
tare  been  Andrew  Gray,  seventh  Lord  Gray,  who  succeeded  to  the  title  in  1612 
me  a  popish  recusant,  and  died  in  1668.     (b.  N.B.) 


158  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

person  ;  about  which  sending  to  be  more  clearly  informed,  he  had 
answer,  that  he  should  sit  among  the  ladies  on  the  right  hand  of  the 
rectors,  in  the  principal  view  before  the  stage.  Upon  this  he  went, 
and  being  there  neither  received  nor  visited  by  the  rectors,  and 
besides  understanding  that  though  he  should  sit  somewhat  on  the 
right  hand  of  them,  yet  it  was  in  pie  piano,  a  great  way  under  them, 
he  took  all  this  together  so  distastefully,  that  he  was  resolved  to  be 
gone  without  hearing  his  own  praises  from  the  mouth  of  Hercules 
(the  patron  of  the  academy)  in  the  prologue,  had  not  the  sposa, 
accompanied  with  divers  other  choice  pieces,  made  it  their  suit  to 
stay  him.  Who  could  deny  such  creatures  (whom  even  kings  obey) 
the  remission  of  a  ceremony  or  two  ?  So  he  stayed,  and  in  truth, 
it  was  a  sight  of  much  contentment.  The  subject  was  the  tragedy 
of  Toresmondo,  composed  by  Torquato  Tasso,1  full  of  royal  personages 
of  both  sexes,  and  all  represented  with  several  attendants,  in  so 
majestical  form,  as  made  us  think,  that  there  is  a  wisdom  even  in 
the  well-ordering  of  follies. 

We  have  been  troubled  of  late  at  Venice  with  other  ceremonious 
contentions,  about  the  first  visitation  between  the  regal  repre- 
sentants  and  the  extraordinary  ambassadors  of  Tuscany2  and 
Mantova  ;  who  demanding  also  that  point  of  right,  which  perhaps 
they  had  had  otherwise  of  courtesy,  did  return  to  their  masters 
without  being  visited,  or  visiting  any  save  the  Nuncio,  with  whom 
they  did  not  stick  who  should  begin.  A  thing  ill  taken,  not  only 
by  myself  (who  consider  the  Pope  very  abstractly),  but  even  by  the 
French  ambassador,  who  well  urged  that  in  point  of  honour  there 
was  no  more  due  to  him  than  to  his  own  master,  though  in  point  of 
reverence,  when  that  should  be  the  question,  he  knew  his  duty. 

I  have  thus  entertained  your  Lordship  with  these  strifes  about 
ceremonies,  as  if  our  substances  were  at  an  end.  The  truth  is  the 
motions  in  Bohemia  give  us  leave  to  be  wanton,  about  which 
although  modus  non  placet,  I  mean  the  throwing  of  councillors 
out  of  windows,  and  other  circumstances  of  popular  sollevation, 
yet  considering  upon  what  just  causes,  and  pernicious  discoveries 
it  began,  I  am  sorry  the  remedies  were  so  violent,  that  were  so 
necessary.3 

We  have  here  peace  in  Friuli,  and  the  armata  is  in  all  points  so 
royally  furnished,  that  we  need  fear  nothing  in  that  Gulf,  unless  the 
General  be  as  cowardly  as  he  is  cruel,  things  commonly  consociated. 
I  speak  this  with  just  sensibility  upon  the  inhuman  execution  of 

1  Torrismondo,  printed  at  Bergamo  1587.  a  Albizzi,  ante,  i,  p.  52  n. 

3  The  famous  'Defenestration'  at  Prague  on  May  23,  1618,  when  Martinitz  and 
Slavata  and  Fabricius  were  thrown  out  of  the  window,  and  the  Thirty  Years' 
War  be  "ran. 


TO    SIR  DUDLEY   CARLETON  159 

light  of  Sir  Henry  Peyton's  men,  without  distinction  of  gentry 
or  baseness,  even  in  his  own  galley,  himself  looking  on.  Wherein, 
to  make  the  best  use  of  black  chances,  was  wonderfully  remarkable 
how  the  divine  justice,  in  a  casual  picking  out  of  the  foresaid 
number,  from  a  150  tumultuary  men,  did  direct  the  man  employed 
about  this  choice  to  such,  whereof  the  greatest  number  should  have 
been  hanged  at  home,  and  the  rest  were  by  all  information  the 
principal  instruments  of  that  disorder.  This  I  do  not  allege  to 
excuse  the  General,  who  as  I  have  said  did  little  consider  the 
qualities  of  the  men.  Since  this  fact  and  my  round  complaint  in 
it,  which  I  hope  will  be  seconded  at  home,  he  hath  been  very  kind 
to  the  remainder,  of  whom  perchance  there  may  be  some  use,  for 
we  hear  that  the  Duke  of  Ossuna  resolves  to  return  into  the  port  of 
Brindisi.  If  he  do  so  rebus  sic  stantibus,  he  shall  by  my  consent  be 
called  no  more  il  matto,  but  il  bravo  Vicere.  For,  believe  me,  my 
Lord,  it  is  the  powerfullest  armada  that  hath  ever  yet  been  seen 
within  the  Straits  of  Gibraltar.  The  Pope  secretly  comforteth  the 
Viceroy  in  that  business,  and  here  we  vex  him  with  the  execution  of 
friars,  and  processing  of  fugitive  bishops,1  whereof  I  shall  give  your 
Lordship  better  knowledge  in  my  next.  And  for  the  present,  with 
many  thanks  for  your  kind  letters,  I  wish  you  all  happiness. 
Remaining, 

Your  Lordship's  with  faithful  affection  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

314.    To  Sir  Robert  Naunton. 

Eton  MS.,  holograph,  Box.  Club,  p.  72.     Wotton's  return  home, 

9th  of  October,  1618. 

Style  of  England. 
Sir, 

I  take  presumption,  upon  the  assured  promise  of  your  love,  to 
write  unto  you  herein  a  few  private  lines  about  myself;  whereof  the 
scope  is  this,  to  beseech  you  that,  as  you  have  obtained  leave  for  my 
return  home  the  next  spring,  to  the  comfortable  sight  of  my  gracious 
master,  so  you  will  be  pleased  likewise  to  deal  with  his  Majesty 
in  my  behalf,  that  none  may  be  appointed  to  succeed  me  here  till 
my  arrival ;    because,  when  I  have  settled   some  of  my  peculiar 

1  Fra  Honorio,  executed  for  clipping  money,  and  the  Bishop  of  Lesina,  who 
(•Barrelled  with  the  Venetian  authorities  and  fled  to  Zara.  The  Republie 
ordered  the  Governor  of  Zara  to  arrest  him  and  send  him  to  Venice.  'What 
will  follow  upon  these  proceedings,'  Wotton  wrote  on  Oct.  29,  ■  I  cannot  affirm, 
but  I  incline  to  believe  that  the  Pope  will  revenge  himself  rather  by  secret 
animating  the  Viceroy  of  Naples  in  the  maritime  action,  than  by  his  own 
spiritual  sword,  of  which  the  edge  is  extremely  dulled.'     {Rox.  Club,  p.  76.) 


160  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

occasions,  I  shall  rather  wish  to  come  hither  back  again,  than  to 
be  onerous  to  his  Majesty  at  home  ;  for  without  his  bounty  I  cannot 
live.  In  the  meanwhile,  my  Italian  secretary,  Gregorio  de'  Monti 
(who  supplied  the  place  all  the  while  that  Sir  Dudley  Carleton  was 
at  Turino,  and  afterwards  till  my  coming),  will  discharge  it  with 
fidelity  and  discretion  ;  being  a  person  of  much  sufficiency,  and  of 
twelve  years'  approvement  in  the  King's  service.  This  is  my  most 
humble  and  hearty  request  unto  you,  about  which  I  have  by  letter 
prayed  Mr.  Bargrave  to  intercede  with  you  for  me.  But  having  not 
heard  from  him,  I  thought  fit  provisionally  to  move  it  by  mine  own 
pen  ;  having  with  no  man  else  living  communicated  these  thoughts, 
about  which  I  shall  languish  to  receive  a  line  or  two  from  you. 
And  so,  again, 

Sir,  I  am  yours, 

Henry  Wotton. 

315.    To  Sir  Robert  Naunton. 

Eton  MS.,  dictated,  extract,  Kox.  Club,  p.  91.     Wotton's  reflections  on 
the  comet  of  1618. 

From  Venice,  this  27  of  November. 
Style  of  England,  1618. 
Right  Honourable, 

I  must  crave  pardon  to  be  short  this  week,  having  taken  a  very 
troublesome  cold  with  the  observation  of  a  new  comet  *,  appearing  in 
this  horizon  somewhat  after  midnight,  amongst  the  famous  con- 
stellations nearest  Arcturus,  but  with  some  little  variety  of  motion. 
It  is  far  greater  than  the  last  in  1607,  but  almost  both  in  the  very 
same  place.  When  it  first  began,  by  reason  of  the  untimely  hour 
of  the  apparition,  is  uncertain  ;  but  it  was  first  noted  by  one  of 
mine,  the  27th  of  November 2,  coming  that  night  from  Padova ;  at 
which  time  the  blaze  was  so  great,  and  of  such  extension,  as  could 
not  be  obscured  by  the  moon,  nor  a  good  while  after  the  light  of 
the  day.  This,  concurring  in  a  time  of  such  motion  in  Bohemia, 
distraction  of  opinion  in  the  Low  Provinces,  divisions  in  the  Court 
of  Fraunce,  and  no  firm  estate  yet  of  Italie,  will  perchance  breed  here 
the  more  discourse,  though  a  country  in  general  not  much  inclined 
to  presagement,  but  rather  every  man  busy  about  himself.8     Only 

1  The  famous  comet  of  1618,  which  some  thought  to  presage  the  death  of  the 
Queen  of  England,  some  to  be  a  warning  against  the  Spanish  match,  while 
others  believed  it  to  be  connected  with  the  fall  of  Barneveldt.  2  i.e.  N.S. 

3  Paolo  Sarpi  says  in  one  of  his  letters  that  there  was  not  much  superstition 
in  Venice,  because  there  no  one  attained  greatness  but  by  the  ordinary  and 
customary  steps,  and  could  have  no  ground  for  entertaining  hopes  above  or 
beyond  his  condition.  But  in  Rome,  where  sudden  transitions  from  the  lowest 
to  the  highest  rank  were  common,  divination  was  held  in  great  credit.  (Lettire, 
i,  p.  270.) 


TO   SIR   ROBERT  NAUXTOX  161 

the  Pope  is  likely  to  be  much  troubled  at  it,  having  in  the  whole 
time,  both  of  his  regiment,  and  private  life,  been  tormented  by 
astrologers,  and  such  kind  of  people,  no  less  than  the  poets  feign  of 
some  that  were  agitated  by  Furies.  ...  I  will  now,  Sir,  trouble  you  no 
further  at  the  present,  being  here  otherwise  little  alteration  of  State, 
and  intending  within  short  time  to  send  home  one  of  mine  own  with 
all  that  shall  concern  our  main  business l  which  you  know,  or  mine 
own  employment  homewards  ;  being  in  the  meantime,  upon  receipt 
of  those  precious  though  short  lines  which  came  yesterday  from  you 
to  my  hands,  bound  to  render  his  Majesty  most  humble  thanks  for 
reserving  this  charge  unsupplied  till  my  return,  and  leaving  it  so 
graciously  to  mine  own  thoughts  ;  which  doth  extremely  comfort  me, 
because  I  hope  the  world  will  construe  it  as  a  silent  approbation — 
though  I  cannot  say  of  any  merit — yet  at  least  of  my  zeal.  And  so, 
Sir,  for  your  own  friendly  mediation  therein,  and  affectionate  care 
otherwise  of  me,  I  rest  ever  bound  unto  you,  and  remain, 

At  your  command, 

Henry  Wotton. 


316.    To  Lord  Zouche. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph,  no  address,  but  plainly  to  Lord  Zouche.     Wotton's 
life  since  his  student  days ;  news  of  Italy ;  Sir  Hemy  Mainwaring. 

Venice,  this  3rd  of  February,  1619. 
Style  of  the  place.2 

Right  Honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

I  am  very  glad  of  this  opportunity,  that  by  the  hand  of  a 
gentleman 3  who  doth  so  entirely  honour  you,  both  in  his  continual 
speech  and  in  his  soul,  I  may  revive  also  with  your  Lordship  mine 
own  long  devotion,  even  since  the  time  that  I  did  first  contemplate 
your  noble  virtues,  when  I  was  a  poor  student  at  Altorph  ;  which 
were  my  happiest  days.  For  what  have  (I)  since  observed  in  my 
employments  but  a  few  maxims  of  State  too  high  for  my  capacity, 
and  too  subtle  for  my  nature,  which  was  cast  in  a  plainer  mould  ? 
Is  then  at  least  my  fortune  mended  ?  Alas,  my  dear  Lord,  let  me 
not  think  of  that.  For  when  I  consider  how  all  those  of  my  rank 
have  been   dignified   and   benefited   at   home,    while   I   have   been 

1  The  '  Orthodoxal'  seminaries. 

2  Really  style  of  Rome,  as  on  February  3.  1619.  according  to  the  Venetian 
calendar  (i.  e.  1620)  Wotton  was  in  England. 

3  Sir  Henry  Mainwaring,  see  Appendix  III.     He  had  come  to  Venice  to  offer 
his  services  to  the  Republic. 

WOTTON.    II  Bf 


162  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

gathering  of  cockles  upon  this  lake,  I  am  in  good  faith  impatient, 
more  of  the  shame,  than  of  the  sense  of  want.  Yet  this  is  my 
comfort,  that  my  gracious  Master  (as  it  hath  pleased  him  to  let  me 
know)  doth  love  me.  And  for  the  rest,  philosophy  shall  be  my 
reward,  which,  though  it  cannot  keep  me  from  need,  yet  it  wil 
teach  me  not  to  envy  those  that  abound. 

It  was  not  my  meaning  when  I  took  this  leaf  to  make  myself  th( 
subject  of  my  letter  unto  your  Lordship,  though  the  remembrance  of 
your  ancient  favours  hath,  I  know  not  how,  made  my  pen  s< 
familiar. 

For  the  public  affairs,  we  stand  here  yet  very  ambiguously.  Th< 
land  was  long  since  quiet,  but  the  sea,  as  the  more  movabh 
element,  is  still  in  agitation  ;  and  we  are  artificially  kept  at  excessive 
charge  by  a  mad  Viceroy  and  a  winking  Pope,  while  the  King  o 
Spayne,  in  the  meanwhile,  standeth  at  the  benefit  of  time  and  fortune 
ready  to  authorize  or  disavow  the  event  according  to  the  success 
which  I  take  to  be  the  sum  of  our  case.  But  these  things  will  b( 
more  particularly  delivered  to  your  Lordship  by  this  '  redeemec 
Neptune ',  as  I  have  baptized  him :  for  they  here  think  him  mod 
than  a  man  that  knows  so  much  more  than  themselves.  And  ii 
truth,  if  any  place  had  been  vacant  worthy  of  his  sufficiency,  then 
wanted  no  desire  to  hold  him,  as  they  have  expressed  by  offers  t 
himself,  and  declared  in  their  letters  by  him  to  their  ambassadoi 
and  most  of  all  in  the  confident  communication  of  their  affairs  an< 
desires  with  him,  which  likewise  include  some  hope  of  their  having 
him  again,  as  your  Lordship  will  perceive  by  the  subject  of  nr 
dispatch  to  the  King,  which  he  carrieth. 

I  must  add  hereunto  for  mine  own  part  that  I  have  been  gh 
of  this  occasion  which  hath  given  me  a  better  taste  of  him,  and 
his  fair  and  clear  dispositions,  than  I  could  take  at  a  transitory  viei 
when  I  passed  my  last  duty  with  your  Lordship  in  Canterburie ;  and 
I  am  likewise  almost  not  sorry  that  I  have  yet  not  seen  a  letter 
which  he  tells  me  your  Lordship  wrote  by  him  unto  me.  For  it 
would  have  made  me  the  more  ashamed  to  have  done  him  so  little 
service  here,  that  had  brought  me  such  a  favour,  though  I  am  other- 
wise not  poor  of  your  Lordship's  gracious  lines,  whereof  I  preserve 
to  this  hour  a  great  roll,  and  especially  one,  which  I  long  for  some 
hour  to  show  your  Lordship,  because  I  know  in  your  nobleness  you 
cannot  deny  it,  though  in  my  meanness  I  could  never  deserve  it. 
And  here  I  will  end  your  Lordship's  trouble  with  my  prayers  to 
our  loving  God  for  your  happiness.     Ever  remaining, 

Your  Lordship's  with  an  honest  heart  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 


TO  JAMES    I  UH 

317.    To  Jamfs  I. 

>'.  P.  Ven.,  dictated,  printed,  Gardiner,  Letteiv,  pp.  48-51.  The  Re- 
public's thanks  for  James  I's  offer  to  send  ships  to  the  coast  of  Spain. 
Proposals  for  a  nearer  connexion  between  Venice  and  the  German 
Princes ;  Wotton  chosen  as  ambassador  to  the  Emperor. 

From  Venice,  this  5th  of  March  1618(9). 
Style  of  England. 
Most  gracious  Sovereign, 

I  have  good  occasion  to  address  the  present  unto  your  Majesty's 
own  royal  hands.  It  may  therefore  please  your  Majesty  to  under- 
stand that  I  was  yesterday  called  here  to  the  palace,  where,  by  order 
of  the  Senate,  was  read  unto  me  (as  their  fashion  is,  when  they  will 
speak  determinately)  such  a  serious  fervent  acknowledgement  of 
their  obligations  to  your  Majesty,  as  I  have  never  before  heard  any- 
thing couched  in  so  sensible  and  so  abundant  terms,  grounded  upon 
advice  from  their  own  ambassador,  that  your  Majesty  had  at  his 
instance  (as  I  conceive  them  to  take  it)  resolved  to  send  out  some 
sufficient  number  of  your  own  ships,  as  likewise  other  vessels 
belonging  to  the  merchants  of  your  kingdom,  towards  the  coast  of 
Spaine  to  invigilate  for  the  common  safety  over  the  preparations  and 
designs  of  that  King,  who  will  thereby,  as  they  well  imagine,  be  so 
injealoused,  as  may,  peradventure,  keep  him  from  molesting  these 
nearer  seas,  which  consequently  will  redound  (say  they)  not  only  to 
the  quiet  of  Italie,  but  likewise  to  much  advantage  of  the  German 
affairs  ;  as  meaning  that  without  some  such  distraction  of  the 
Spanish  power,  an  attempt  perchance  might  be  made  to  transport 
soldiers  by  the  Gulf  to  Treiste  in  succour  of  the  house  of  Austria 
against  the  Bohemians,  whom  the  United  Princes  do  favour.  And 
therefore  for  the  foresaid  resolution  in  your  Majesty,  implying  directly 
or  obliquely  the  good  of  so  many  of  your  friends,  they  held  them- 
selves eternally  obliged,  desiring  me  likewise  in  terms  of  more  than 
ordinary  vehemency  to  concur  with  their  ambassador  in  representing 
to  your  Majesty  how  tenderly  and  how  sensibly  they  take  this  great 
argument  of  your  love  and  of  your  care  toward  their  estate,  and 
what  a  deep  impression  it  hath  made  in  the  hearts  of  them  all. 
This  was  the  substance  ;  but  I  must  humbly  confess  unto  your 
Majesty  mine  own  weakness  in  the  delivery  thereof. 

Now  having  newly  received  an  express  command  from  your 
Majesty  to  intercede  with  this  State  in  your  name,  about  the 
breeding  of  a  nearer  correspondency  between  them  and  the  German 
Princes1  by  reciprocal  instruments  on  each  side,  and  observing  by 

1  In  Nov.  1618,  Wotton,  by  permission  of  the  Venetian  government,  was 
allowed  to  visit  Antonio  Foscarini.  who  had  been  ambassador  in  England  from 

M  2 


164  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

what  they  said  yesterday  unto  me,  what  a  feeling  they  had  taken  of 
your  Majesty's  late  kindness,  it  moved  me  this  very  morning  to 
return  upon  mine  own  demand  again  to  the  palace,  where,  after 
I  had  discharged  your  Majesty's  counsel  and  desire,  I  concluded, 
that  nothing  in  mine  opinion  could  ever  happen  more  seasonably, 
for  having  but  the  day  before  professed  unto  me  how  royal  and  how 
true  a  friend  they  found  in  your  Majesty  in  this  time  of  their  doubts, 
there  was  now  a  fair  opportunity  offered  unto  them  to  show  likewise 
on  their  parts  how  much  they  respected  your  Majesty's  propositions, 
and  the  friendship  of  your  confederates. 

The  Duke  in  his  answer,  after  he  had  again  very  solemnly 
protested  their  obligations  to  your  Majesty,  and  their  general  inclina- 
tion to  that  which  I  had  propounded  in  your  name,  fell  to  ask  me 
what  warrant  I  had  of  the  like  desire  in  those  Princes.  I  replied 
with  beseeching  him  to  consider  that  this  motion  came  not  only 
from  your  Majesty  as  you  were  King  of  Greate  Britaine,  or  particular 
friend  to  this  State  (which  were  individual  considerations),  but 
rather  as  you  stood  in  a  community  of  affection  toward  them  with 
others,  and  as  you  were  head  of  the  said  German  Union,  so  as  your 
Majesty  in  that  qualification  could  not  be  supposed  to  have  made 
a  proposition  of  this  kind,  without  a  well-informed  foreknowledge 
how  the  whole  body  did  incline,  which  you  had  good  opportunity  to 
understand  by  a  late  ambassador  sent  unto  your  Court,  namety,  the 
Baron  of  Danahe ■  from  the  Elector  Palatine,  your  son-in-law, 
director  of  the  foresaid  Union.  Hereupon  the  Duke  told  me  that  it 
should  be  put  into  speedy  consultation,  and  such  care  be  had  of  it, 
as  is  due  to  all  your  Majesty's  wise  and  Christian  motions.  Now 
touching  this  matter,  to  speak  with  humble  freedom  mine  own  poor 
conceit,  I  find  by  the  Count  Palatine's  letters  unto  me  a  good 
disposition  there,  and  the  like  here,  by  sundry  answers  from  the 

1611  to  1615,  and  now,  after  a  period  of  disgrace,  was  enjoying  a  brief  period  of 
public  favour,  which  ended  with  his  imprisonment  and  death  in  1622.  Wotton 
visited  Foscarini  in  his  own  house,  who  told  him  that  Venice  was  very  favour- 
ably inclined  to  enter  into  nearer  relations  with  the  Protestant  Princes. 
Wotton  sent  this  news  to  the  Count  Palatine  by  his  friend  and  former  guest, 
the  Duke  of  Holstein,  who  was  then  travelling  to  Germany.  (Rox.  Club, 
pp.  100-2. )  The  Duke  of  Holstein  soon  returned  to  Venice  with  a  letter  from 
Frederick  to  Wotton,  dated  Nov.  24,  1618,  in  which  he  expressed  his  strong 
desire  to  forward  this  plan,  but  begged  the  negotiations  might  be  kept  secret. 
(Ibid.,  p.  90.)  In  Wotton's  audience  of  Jan.  25,  1619,  N.S.,  a  resolution  of  the 
Senate  was  read  to  him,  expressing  '  all  reciprocal  propension  '  on  the  part  of 
the  Venetian  government  to  enter  into  more  friendly  relations  with  the  German 
Protestants.  Wotton,  as  he  states,  brought  up  the  subject  in  a  special  audience 
of  March  15,  and  again  on  April  20  and  April  23.  The  object  was  not,  he  said, 
a  formal  union  or  league,  but  the  reciprocal  sending  of  ministers  to  treat  of 
their  mutual  affairs.     (Esp.  Prin.) 

1  Baron  Christopher  von  Dohna,  who  arrived  in  England  in  January,  1619.  on 
a  special  mission  from  the  Elector  Palatine.     (Gardiner,  iii,  p.  285.) 


TO  JAMES   I  165 

Senate ;  but  I  doubt  it  will  stick  upon  who  shall  begin  ;  both  parties 
would  be  wooed  for  reputation's  sake,  and  the  German  Princes,  as 
being  many,  seem  to  expect  the  first  offer  from  a  single  Common- 
wealth. On  the  other  side  they  would  perchance  be  glad  of  such 
a  civil  excuse  (if  the  Pope  or  the  King  of  Spain  should  be  angry  or 
jealous  at  this  foreign  amity)  to  be  able  to  say  that  they  were  not 
the  seekers.  Between  which  ceremonious  respects  the  substantial 
are  drowned,  both  public  and  spiritual,  I  mean,  as  I  know  your 
Majesty  doth  as  well,  the  advancement  of  conscience  as  of  state. 
Only  now  my  hope  is  that  your  Majesty's  intercession  will  impart 
a  priority,  and  so  cease  *  that  scruple  ;  which  I  will  here  attend  and 
pursue  in  the  best  manner  I  can. 

I  must  end  with  mine  own  most  humble  and  hearty  thanks 
unto  your  Majesty  about  myself,  that  it  hath  pleased  you  (for  so 
Mr.  Secretary  Naunton  hath  given  me  knowledge)  to  design  me  to 
treat  in  your  royal  name  between  the  Emperor  and  the  Bohemians  ; 2 
wherein  besides  my  zeal  to  your  Majesty  and  to  your  own  glory, 
I  have  likewise  a  zeal  to  the  cause,  which  I  hope  will  be  some  veil 
to  mine  other  infirmities.  I  do  therefore  with  all  submission  expect 
the  honour  of  your  Majesty's  commandments  and  instructions,  both 
in  this,  and  the  rest  of  your  good  pleasure,  according  to  the  long 
devoted  faith  and  duty  of 

Your  Majesty's  humble  poor  vassal, 

Henry  Wotton. 

318.    To  Sir  Robert  Nauntox. 

Tanner  MS.  74,  f.  198,  holograph,  extract.     Wotton  hears  of 
Doncaster's  appointment. 

The  ftth  of  March  1618<9>. 

Right  Honourable, 

I  am  in  Padua  ;  hither  retired  for  a  few  days  to  take  some 
change  of  air,  having  been  troubled  with  a  little  straitness  of  respira- 
tion. 

Here  I  have  this  day  received  your  letter  bearing  date  the  16th  of 
February,  which  revoked  his  Majesty's  first  pleasure  about  mine 
employment  in  the  Bohemian  cause.  And  it  came  in  one  respect 
very  seasonably,  as  I  was  ready,  upon  your  first  provisional  directions, 
to  send  an  express  person  about  those  matters  to  Prage  ;  which 
I  had  a  while  suspended  upon  a  voice  that  ran  very  strongly  with 

1  '  Cease,'  i.  e.  to  put  a  stop  to.    Obs.  in  this  use.     {N.  E.  D.) 

2  In  September,  1618,  the  Spanish  government  asked  James  I  to  mediate  in  the 
Bohemian  revolution.  James  agreed  to  do  so,  and  early  in  1619  decided  to  send 
Wotton,  but  this  appointment  was  almost  immediately  cancelled  in  favour  of 
Doncaster.     {Gardiner,  iii,  pp.  279,  289.) 


166  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

us  of  the  Emperor's  death  or  of  his  approachment  unto  it,  which 
in  some  sort  doth  yet  continue.1  Only  in  the  meantime  I  have  made 
some  preparations  for  my  journey  of  more  charge  than  ordinary  ;  but 
therein  my  Master's  goodness  will  heal  me  when  I  come  home, 
I  hope,  amongst  some  of  them  that  his  royal  hand  shall  touch. 

For  the  rest,  never  was  there  a  better  charge  ;  for  the  public 
service  will  be  discharged  with  more  judgement  and  dignity  by 
so  unexceptionable  a  personage  (as  in  truth  you  justly  call  my  Lord 
of  Doncaster),  and  on  the  other  side  I  am  fitter  for  business  of  more 
simplicity. 

319.    To  Sir  Robert  Naunton. 

Eton  MS.,  holograph,  Rox.  Club,  p  112.  Without  address,  but  almost  certainly 
to  Naunton.  Sir  Thomas  Lake  was  forced  to  resign  his  office  as  Secretary 
in  February,  1619.  Naunton  appears  to  havj  tried  to  get  Wotton 
appointed  as  Lake's  successor,  and  to  have  written  explaining  why  lie 
had  failed.  Wotton  sends  him  thanks.  The  post  was  given  to  Sir 
George  Calvert. 

From  Padova,  the  l\  of  March,  1619. 
Sir, 

That  you  meant  me,  at  such  a  distance  from  your  sight  in  place, 
and  from  your  memory  in  merit,  so  great  an  honour,  was  a  nobler 
piece  of  love  than  I  shall  ever  be  able  to  acknowledge  with  due 
thankfulness.  And  yet  it  is  more,  both  in  itself,  and  in  mine  own 
feeling  of  it,  that  you  are  pleased  in  your  last  unto  me,  to  express 
some  solicitousness  about  the  satisfying  of  me  why  I  missed  it. 
For  both  which  I  humbly  beseech  you  to  receive  the  private  pro- 
fession of  myself  to  be. 

Ever  yours, 

Henry  Wotton 


320.    To  Sir  Rosert  Naunton. 

Eton  MS.,  holograph,  Box.  Club,  p.  115.     The  death  of 
Queen  Anne  of  Denmark. 

(April  12,  1619.) 
Right  Honourable, 

Being  returned  hither  from  Padova,  where  I  took  some  physic  for 
a  kind  of  sciatical  defluxion,  I  find  here  your  letter  of  the  4th 
of  March,  touching  the  Queen's  death  ; 2  which,  according  to  your 

1  The  Emperor  Matthias  died  March  20,  1619,  N.S.,  the  day  before  the  above 
was  written. 

2  March  2,  1619.  In  August  a  warrant  was  issued  to  pay  Wotton  £150  for 
the  'provision  of  black  for  the  funeral  of  the  late  Queen  Anne,  by  order  from 
Secretary  Calvert '.     (Docquet  Book,  vi.) 


TO   SIR   ROBERT  NAUNTON  167 

directions,  shall  be  signified  to  the  State  within  three  or  four  days, 
when  I  have  in  the  meantime  put  myself  and  my  family  into 
mourning  weeds,  and  altered  likewise  the  furniture  of  my  house 
for  public  congruity  ;  because  I  expect  that  the  Senate  will  depute 
some  principal  personages  (as  is  their  form  in  such  cases)  to  condole 
with  me. 

And  this  is  all  that  I  shall  need  to  say  at  the  present,  being 
to  write  largely  by  a  gentleman  who  will  prevent  the  courier 
of  this  12th  of  April,  1619.  * 

Your  Honour's— qiud  plura  ? 

Henry  Wottox. 

Sir,  if  by  chance  a  voice  of  the  Pope's  death  should  be  flown  unto 
you— which  even  here  had  gotten  suddenly  some  credit— let  me 
assure  you  by  my  private  intelligence  that  at  the  date  hereof  it 
was  false  ;  though  the  reason  of  that  hasty  dispersion  will  be  worthy 
of  his  Majesty's  hearing— which  I  shall  deliver  in  the  rest  that  is 
intended. 


321.    To  Sir  George  Calvert.2 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph.     Wotton's  congratulation  with  Calvert,  on  his 
appointment  to  the  secretaryship  in  succession  to  Sir  Thomas  Lake. 

Venice,  the  25  of  April,  1619. 
Right  Honourable, 

My  congratulation  with  you  (which  I  have  deferred  till  the 
dispatch  of  this  gentleman)  will  I  hope  appear  like  some  rivers  which 
run  slowly,  though  their  channels  be  full.  For  I  can  very  truly 
say  that  the  news  of  your  advancement  did  fill  my  heart  with 
gladness,  not  in  good  faith  out  of  any  reflection  upon  myself 
(though  I  am  the  stronger  by  the  strength  of  my  friend),  but  from 
that  simple  and  just  delight  which  every  honest  mind  should 
take  in  the  lustre  and  fortunes  of  virtuous  men ;  whereunto  our 
long  acquaintance  hath  added  likewise  a  peculiar  and  private  con- 
tentment ;  for  the  other  was  rather  public.  Let  therefore  Sir, 
these  poor  lines  discharge  this  duty,  and  receive  them  not  only 
from  my  hand,  but  from  the  best  affections  of  my  heart,  that  do 
move  it.     I  am  preparing  as  you  know   homewards,    and    I  shall 

1  In  the  margin  is  written  'I  hear  of  no  such  gentleman  yet'. 

2  The  new  secretary.  '  An  industrious,  modest  man,  who  might  be  trusted, 
like  Naunton,  to  do  his  work  silently  and  well,  and  who,  in  former  times,  had 
been  one  of  Salisbury's  secretaries.'  (Gardiner,  iii,  p.  194.)  He  became  a  Roman 
Catholic,  and  in  1625  resigned  his  office.  Shortly  afterwards  he  was  created 
Lord  Baltimore.  His  successor  as  secretary  was  Wotton's  nephew.  Sir  Albei  tus 
Morton.     {Ibid.,  v,  pp.  309,  310.) 


168  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

come  the  more  willingly,  that  you  may  see  the  truth  of  these 
professions  even  in  mine  eyes.  Till  when,  our  dear  Saviour  bless 
you. 

Your  long  devoted  poor  friend  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Sir,  this  gentleman,  Mr.  John  Dowrich1,  nephew  to  my  Lord 
Carie,  hath  desired  me  to  recommend  him  unto  your  favour,  which 
I  am  bold  to  do,  being  well  acquainted  with  his  worthy  abilities  and 
honest  nature. 

32.2.    To  Sib  Robert  Nauntox. 

Eton  MS.,  holograph,  extract,  Box.  Club,  p.  117.  The  Pope  and  the 
imperial  election.  A  report  from  Rome  about  the  conversion  of  a 
Cambridge  professor. 

From  Venice,  this  26  of  April,  1619. 

.  .  .  Before  I  pass  to  a  new  section,  I  will  a  little  resume  the 
consideration  of  Germany,  whose  troubles  we  here  contemplate 
at  our  ease  for  the  present. 

The  main  question  is  whether  a  new  Emperor2  will  be  made  by 
the  sword,  or  by  election  ;  in  which  business,  because  the  Pope  is 
considerable,  it  shall  be  my  duty  to  tell  his  Majesty  how  he  standeth 
affected,  for  I  reckon  Rome  part  of  my  charge.  In  the  postscript 
of  my  last,  I  told  you  of  a  voice  which  had  here  suddenly  gotten 
some  credit  that  the  Pope  was  dead,  which  grew  thus.  Upon  Friday 
was  fortnight,  as  he  was  newly  set  down  at  dinner,  came  to  him  the 
news  of  the  Emperor's  death  ;  whereupon  he  rose  from  the  table, 
retired  himself  to  his  close  chamber,  spent  that  afternoon  in  deep 
silence,  and  often  laid  his  hand  cross  his  forehead  over  his  eyes, 
which  seems  to  have  bred  that  false  dispersion,  as  if  he  had  been 
touched  with  some  apoplectical  fit.  Now,  if  it  be  asked  whence 
might  spring  so  profound  a  feeling  in  him  upon  the  news,  I  am 
provided  by  my  intelligencers  to  satisfy  that  point,  that  it  came 
from  a  distraction  in  his  affections  ;  on  the  one  side  being  ill-conceited 
of  Ferdinando,  and  all  the  cardinals  worse  than  himself,  for  the 
business  of  Clesel 3 ;  and  yet  on  the  other  side  extremely  doubting 
that  the  Empire  may  pass  from  the  House  of  Austria.  For  he  useth 
often  to  say,  that  the  See  of  Rome  was  never  better  than  since 
the  Empire  was  lodged  in  that  blood,  and  can  hardly  endure  to 
hear  of  Bavaria  for  Ludovicus  the  last  Bavarian  Emperor's  sake.4 

1  John  Dowrishe,  see  Appendix  III. 

2  To  succeed  Matthias. 

3  The  imprisonment  of  Cardinal  Klesel  (ante,  ii,  p.  156). 

4  Louis  V,  1282-1347. 


TO   SIR   ROBERT   NAUNTON  169 

If  it  be  true,  which  is  freshly  written  unto  me  from  Nurreinberg, 
that  Saxonie  inclineth  to  the  Bohemians,  it  may  perchance  spoil 
the  Pope's  digestion  of  another  dinner.  Here  we  wish  well  to 
any  but  the  Austrians,  and  though  we  hear  that  the  King  of  Spayne 
hath  for  this  year  dismissed  his  African  plots,  yet  is  not  the  State 
without  reasonable  jealousy  that  he  may  attempt  the  sending  of 
aids  by  this  Gulf.  .  .  . 

Lastly  I  must  give  the  King  knowledge  of  some  private  things 
which  I  have  by  close  and  fresh  intelligence  from  Rome  ;  whence 
one  doth  write  unto  me  that  which  followeth  in  cipher,  translated 
from  the  Italian  ad  verbum. 

1  Baldwin  !  hath  made  great  instance  to  the  Pope  to  assign  an 
honourable  provision  for  an  Englishman  made  Catholic.  This  is 
a  very  learned  person,  as  they  say,  especial 2  in  studies  of  humanity, 
Greek  and  Latin.  He  abideth  in  the  University  of  Cambridge, 
and  is  called  (if  I  do  not  fail  in  memory)  Dunio  ".  He  hath  published 
somewhat  upon  Demosthenes,  and  they  make  much  reckoning  of 
his  quality  ;  but  he  refuseth  to  come  to  Rome  without  some  certain 
assignation.  The  Pope  hath  answered  the  foresaid  Baldwin,  "let  him 
come,  let  him  come,  and  he  shall  be  well  used."  But  he  is  not  yet, 
for  aught  we  hear,  on  the  way.  Here  we  expect  from  England 
a  book,  composed  by  the  King,  upon  the  Lord's  Prayer,  dedicated 
to  his  favourite.  The  Pope  hath  given  orders  to  the  Jesuits  that 
it  be  immediately  sent  hither :  and  because  the  Cardinal  Bellarmin 
hath  printed  one  to  the  same  purpose,  the  Pope  told  him  that  he 
had  in  his  spiritual  works,  as  he  heard,  a  noble  concurrent,  namely 
the  King  of  Great  Britannie.  Whereunto  Bellarmini  replied  "that 
the  soil  indeed  was  good,  but  the  seed  ill  that  had  been  sown  in 
it.  Yet  who  knows,"  said  he,  "but  that  as  the  tears  of  Santa 
Monica  did  gain  St.  Augustine  to  the  Church,  so  the  tears  of 
the  King's  mother  may  one  day  bring  her  son  under  the  obedience 
of  your  Holiness  ?  "  ' 

Thus  much  I  have  verbally  translated  from  my  correspondent's 
letter,  wherein  two  things  are  strange  unto  me.  First,  that  they 
should  have  at  Rome  news  of  the  King's  Meditations4,  and  of  his 
purpose  in  the  dedication  thereof,  before  it  was  known,  perchance 
unless  to  very  few  at  home,  and  to  none  of  us  here  ;  though  we 

1  William  Baldwin  (ante,  ii,  p.  117),  released  from  the  Tower  in  1618,  went  to 
Rome,  where  he  was  received  with  great  favour.  Wotton  wrote  to  Naunton  on 
Feb.  22,  1619,  <  Baldwine  is  in  so  great  opinion  both  with  Pope  and  cardinals, 
that  he  wanteth  but  10,000  crowns  to  be  a  cardinal  himself;  for  the  market 
goes  no  lower  at  this  time.'     (Rox.  Club,  p.  110.) 

2  '  Especial,'  i.  e.  pre-eminent.     Obs.     (N.E.D.) 

8  'Surely  he  meaneth  Mr.  Downes,'  note  of  Wotton's  in  margin. 

4  A  Meditation  upon  the  Lord's  Prayer,  written  by  the  King's  Majestie,  &c,  1619. 


170  LETTERS    OF   WOTTON 

have  since  received  some  copies  of  that  sweet  labour.  Which  point 
I  thought  myself  bound  in  duty  to  note,  because,  though  it  be 
not  material  in  this  particular,  yet  the  searching  of  such  divulgations 
may  perchance  trench  deeper  than  doth  yet  appear.  Secondly,  I 
much  wonder  to  retrace  in  the  cipher  the  name  of  Dunio,  which 
by  the  local  description  and  other  circumstances  must  needs  be 
the  Greek  Professor,  Mr.  Downes 1  ;  a  man  of  my  knowledge  con- 
tented with  a  little,  and  of  age  unfit  to  change  countries,  and  un- 
suspected in  his  religion.  But  he  is  poor,  and  it  may  be  they  have 
been  working  to  gain  him,  because  he  had  his  hand  in  the  reformed 
translation^  the  Bible.  Howsoever,  for  my  part,  I  should  be  sorry 
by  my  private  intelligence  to  cast  any  blemish  upon  him  ;  but 
having  discharged  my  part,  I  leave  the  inquiry  to  his  Majesty's 
wisdom.  And  so  commit  you,  Sir,  to  God's  dear  and  blessed 
love,  ever  remaining  truly, 

At  your  devotion, 

Henry  Wotton. 

323.    To  Sib  Robeet  Naunton. 

Eton  MS.,  holograph,  Box.  Club,  p.  123.     The  requested  loan  of  ships. 
A  pamphlet  against  De  Dominis. 

From  Venice,  the  2d  of  May,  1619. 
Style  of  the  place. 
Right  Honourable, 

I  have,  before  my  departure,  out  of  your  last,  by  my  secretary. 
acquainted  this  State  with  those  reasons  which  made  his  Majest 
find  it  both  inconvenient  and  unnecessary  to    lend    them   any  o 
his  own  vessels  :    inconvenient  in   point   of  honour  ;   unnecessary, 
for  that   our  gracious   Master   had    received   new    assurances   fro: 
the  King  of  Spayne  that  his  intents  lay  not  this  way,2  besides  thos 

1  Andrew  Downes  (1549  ?-lG28),  Regius  Professor  of  Greek  at  Cambridge 
was  one  of  the  translators  of  the  Apocrypha  for  the  '  Authorized  Version  \  In 
1621  he  published  his  Praelectiones  in  Philippicam  de  Pace  Demosthenis.     (D.  N.  B.) 

2  In  the  resolution  of  the  Senate  read  to  Wotton  on  Jan.  25,  1619,  N.S.,  the 
Venetian  government  not  only  expressed  their  desire  for  closer  relations  with 
the  German  Protestant  Princes  (ante,  ii,  p.  164),  but  also  requested  James  I  to  lend 
them  four  ships  from  his  navy  to  help  in  their  defence.  They  stated  that  the 
intentions  of  Spain  toward  Venice  were  growing  more  and  more  questionable, 
and  hinted  the  same  of  the  Pope.  Great  fleets,  they  said,  were  preparing  at 
Naples  and  in  Spain  for  the  purpose,  it  was  believed,  of  attacking  Venice,  the 
Spaniards  were  beginning  to  question  the  dominion  claimed  by  Venice  over  the 
Adriatic  Gulf,  and  had  demanded  a  passage  across  it  to  Trieste,  for  troops  to  be 
sent  to  aid  the  Archduke  Ferdinand  in  the  Bohemian  troubles.  Venice,  there- 
fore, asked  James  I  for  the  loan  of  these  ships  for  purposes  of  self-defence,  and 
to  prevent  the  passage  of  the  troops  across  the  Adriatic  Gulf.  (Esp.  Prin., 
Wotton's  dispatch,  Jan.  22,  O.S.,  Box.  Club,  pp.  103-7.)  James  was  not  unwilling 
to  grant  their  request,  but  owing  to  his  vigorous  action  the  Spanish  designs 
against  Venice  (if  they  had  entertained  such  designs)  were  given  up.     Wotton 


TO   SIB    ROBERT   NAUNTON  171 

ships  which  were  in  preparation  with  us  to  be  sent  out ;  from  whose 
hovering  in  the  Spanish  seas  this  Republic  would  obliquely  receive 
no  ->mall  benefit,  as  themselves  did  confess  unto  me,  when  they 
Inquired  me  with  such  vehemency  to  represent  (as  I  have  formerly 
done)  their  infinite  thanks  unto  the  King  for  that  purpose. 

I  had  answer  that  the  Republic  was  not  only  content  with  the 
foresaid  reasons,  but  posso  ben  dire  (says  the  Duke)  content  i~ 
especially  having  understood  from  their  own  ambassador  withal, 
as  from  myself,  the  continued  profession  of  his  Majesty's  dear 
love  towards  them.  And  he  added  that  upon  the  Spanish  promises 
made  to  so  great  a  King,  and  so  much  their  friend,  they  would 
ground  some  better  hopes  than  they  had  done  hitherto  ;  though 
there  was  still  an  apparent  contrariety  between  the  speeches  and 
the  effects,  or  at  least  between  the  master  and  his  ministers,  the 
Duke  of  Ossuna  leaving  nothing  undone  that  may  any  way  tend 
to  their  molestation.  And  here  he  took  occasion  largely  to  discourse 
unto  me,  with  desire  that  his  Majesty  at  my  arrival  might  be 
particularly  informed  thereof,  that  all  the  capitulations  accorded 
both  in  the  French  Court,  and  in  Friuli,  had  likewise  on  their  parts 
been  duly  executed,  and  no  one  thing  to  this  hour  had  been  done 
as  it  should  be,  either  on  the  Imperial  or  Spanish  side.  I  reserve 
these  particulars  till  mine  own  coming  ;  or  at  least  I  shall  insert 
them  in  a  compendious  report  (which  I  am  framing)  of  the  most 
considerable  points  in  matter  of  State  and  religion  within  the 
compass  of  Italie,  as  I  now  leave  it ;  whereinto  will  enter  the 
discourses  that  are  made  upon  the  publication  here  of  their  defensive 
league  with  Savoye  ; l  a  thing  generally  condemned.  I  mean  not  the 
league  itself,  but  the  publication.  This  is  all  that  I  need  say  at 
the  present,  having  my  head  homewards.  Only  let  me  entertain 
his  Majesty  with  a  leaf  or  two  touching  the  Archbishop  of  Spalato, 
newly  published  here  by  a  foolish  friar,  among  a  catalogue  of 
'  Heretics '  as  he  calleth  them.  Whereof  I  had  knowledge  before- 
hand, and  did  acquaint  therewith  some  well-affected  persons2; 
but  finding  it  to  contain  the  praises  of  his  former  life    and  only 

told  the  Doge  on  April  30  that  the  King  of  Spain,  '  swearing  by  his  Crowns  and 
his  Faith,' had  assured  James  I  that  the  fleet  then  preparing  was  not  designed  to 
attack  Venice.     (E$p.  Prin.) 

1  This  league  was  signed  March  14,  1619.  (Ronianin,  vii,  p.  245.)  Wotton  was 
informed  of  it  on  April  23,  1019.  He  assured  the  Doge  that  James  I  would  be 
delighted,  'and  all  men  who  loved  the  good.  The  angels  themselves  are 
delighted  to  see  union  among  men.'  But  the  league,  Wotton  said,  should  be 
larger,  and  he  urged  again  his  plan  of  closer  relations,  and  the  reciprocal 
sending  of  ministers,  between  Venice  and  the  Protestant  Princes.  (Esp.  Prin., 
April  23.) 

Ii'bably  Sarpi  and  Fulgenzio,  to  whom  the  phrase  "  well-affected  persons' 
in  Wotton's  letters  generally  refers. 


172  LETTERS    OF   WOTTON 

the  dispraise  of  his  present  belief,  I  was  not  only  willing  but  glad 
to  let  it  pass ;  and  perchance  the  author  for  the  first  part  may  be 
whipped  by  the  Pope.  Now,  let  me  commit  you,  Sir,  to  God's 
blessed  love,  who  ever  keep  you. 

At  your  commands, 

Henry  Wotton. 

324.    To  Sir  Robert  Naunton. 

Eton  MS.,  dictated,  Box.  Club,  p.  124.    Wotton  about  to  depart 
from  Venice. 

From  Venice,  this  10th  of  May. 
Style  of  the  place,  1619. 
Right  Honourable, 

This  is  only  to  signify  unto  his  Majesty  that  by  God's  favour, 
within  two  or  three  days  after  the  date  thereof,  we  shall  depart 
from  hence  ; l  so  as  my  next  will  be  from  Augusta,  where  there  is,  as 
you  know,  a  feat  to  be  done,  for  which  the  party  is  well  prepared. 
I  leave  here  (as  Sir  Dudley  Carleton  did  during  the  whole  time  of 
his  negotiation  in  Piedmont)  Gregorio  de'  Monti,  to  supply  the  service 
by  continual  advertisements  ;  upon  which  point  I  gave  a  touch,  at 
my  leave-taking  to  the  Prince,  desiring  him  to  esteem  it  as  an 
argument  of  clear  and  disumbrageous 2  friendship,  that  we  serve 
ourselves  even  of  his  own  subjects  ;  for  Gregorio  is  a  natural 
Venetian,  though  now  many  years  as  it  were  Englished,  with 
singular  approvement  both  of  his  fidelity,  diligence,  and  discretion. 
Whereof  he  hath  likewise  a  testimony  from  his  Majesty,  under  his 
royal  hand,  sent  him  in  the  time  of  Sir  Ralphe  Winwoode,  for  his 
better  encouragement,  after  my  predecessor  and  myself  had  repre- 
sented his  good  deservings. 

Now  to  return  to  myself.  I  carry  in  my  breast,  besides  that 
honest  business3  which  you  know,  some  important  commissions 
from  this  State 4  which  have  a  silent  reflection  (though  not  meant  by 

1  For  Wotton's  farewell  audience  on  May  5  see  ante,  i,  p.  163.  On  May  3  the 
Senate  voted  the  customary  sums  of  1,000  scudi  for  a  gold  chain  for  the 
ambassador,  and  200  scudi  for  his  secretary.     {Delib.  Senato.) 

2  '  Disumbrageous,'  not  in  N.E.D. 

3  The  •  feat  to  be  done '  at  Augusta,  the  '  honest  business ',  about  which 
Wotton  writes  with  such  zest,  was,  of  course,  arranging  with  Hainhoffer  to  rob 
the  posts,  ante,  ii,  p.  147. 

4  Wotton  was  empowered  by  the  Venetian  government  to  suggest  to  the 
German  Protestant  Princes  closer  terms  of  friendship  between  them  and 
Venice.  The  'main  end'  was  the  Protestant  seminaries.  On  Jan.  22  he  wrote 
to  James  I,  'It  seemeth  probable,  nay,  almost  I  may  say  necessary,  that  this 
State  must  be  depend  upon  a  strong  party  abroad  ;  and  so  by  degrees,  with 
your  Majesty's  cherishment,  and  with  the  co-operation  of  other  princes  and 
their  instruments,  they  may  perchance  be  led  into  a  better  light  than  they  yet 
mean  themselves.'     (Rox.  Club,  p.  106.) 


TO   SIR   ROBERT    NAUNTON  173 

them)  upon  our  main  end.  These  I  shall  particularize  in  my  letter 
from  Augusta  ;  and  will  end  the  present  with  mine  humble  thanks 
to  Almighty  God  for  the  happy  news,  which  we  have  had  this  week, 
of  his  Majesty's  escape  from  a  painful  infirmity.  The  same  good 
God  yield  him  long  unto  us  and  to  the  Christian  world. 
And  so  I  rest, 

At  your  Honours  commandment, 

Henry  Wotton. 

325.    To  Sir  Robert  Naunton. 

Eton  MS.,  holograph,  Box.  Club,  p.  130.  Wotton  left  Venice  on  May  16 
for  Padua,  and  after  visiting  Munich,  arrived  at  Augsburg  about  June  1, 
whence  he  wrote  the  following  letter  to  Naunton. 

Augusta,  the  4th  of  June  1619,  stil.  novo. 
Sir, 

Being  by  the  next  post  to  write  at  large  unto  his  Majesty,  let 

me  only  by  this  acquaint  you  that  I  have  been  these  four  or  five 

days  in  Augusta,  where  I  took  language1  that  the  Princes  of  the 

Union  and  representants  of  the  cities  were  to  assemble  at  Heilbrunn 

about  the  10th  of  this  month  ;  which  opportunity  seemeth  to  have 

dropped  out  of  heaven  upon  me.     For  hereby  I  shall  both  shorten 

my  journey  and  discharge  my  errand  to  the  whole  body,  and  receive 

a  more  absolute  answer ;  which  otherwise,  if  I  had  treated  with 

them  in  severalty,  would  have  been  relative  to  their  next  meeting. 

About  this  I  have  provisionally  from  hence  dispatched  my  secretary 

to  the  Elector  Palatine,  with  order  likewise  to  provide  me  some 

commodity  at  Heilbrun,  where  I  hope  to  be  on  Monday  next 2  at 

night.     God  bless  our  good  King  and  his  good  intents. 

Your  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

By  this  place  is  passed  five  days  since,  in  post,  the  ambassador 
Donato3,  which  diligence  should  argue  innocence.  God  send  him 
a  cheerful  arrival  at  home,  whereof  I  forecast  some  doubt ;  for  the 
Savoy  ambassadors,  with  whom  I  spake  before  my  departure,  make 
the  business  very  foul. 

1  '  Language,'  i.  e.  talk,  report.     Obs.     {N.  E.  J>. 

3  June  10,  N.S. 

3  Antonio  Donato,  nephew  of  the  Doge  Niccolb  Donato.  Antonio  Donato  was 
ambassador  at  Turin  in  1616  and  1617,  and  the  moneys  paid  by  Venice  to 
Charles  Emmanuel  to  aid  in  the  war  against  Spain  passed  through  his  hands. 
In  1618  he  went  as  ambassador  to  England,  but  being  accused  of  embezzlement 
while  at  Turin  he  was  now  returning  home  to  be  tried.  Being  convicted,  he 
escaped  from  Venice  in  disguise  and  fled  to  England. 


174  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


326.     To  James  I. 


Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  486.  '  A  Report  of  my  negotiation  in  Germany,  and  of 
some  particularities  occurring  in  my  journey.'  Unsigned,  dated  1619, 
and  written  before  Wotton's  return  to  England  at  the  end  of  July, 
perhaps  in  June,  after  the  meeting  of  the  Union  at  Heilbronn. 

(June?  1619.) 

TO    MY    MOST    GRACIOUS    SOVEREIGN    AND    MASTER, 

I  came  to  Munichen,  the  Court  of  Bavaria,  in  the  evening1 
before  the  Feast  of  Corpus  Christi,  and  in  my  company  the  Duke 
Joachimus  Ernestus  of  Holstein,  who  since  the  ceasing  of  arms  in 
Friuli  had  lived  with  me  at  Venice  ;  which  I  mention  as  a  duty, 
having  been  recommended  unto  me,  and  to  that  State,  by  your 
Majesty's  special  letters,  and  in  truth  likewise  by  his  own  worthy 
dispositions.  Here  we  thought  only  to  have  stolen  a  sight,  in  some 
private  window,  of  the  procession  the  next  day,  where  we  were  told 
the  Princes  and  whole  Court  would  be  ;  but  in  the  morning  we 
were  prevented  by  the  Duke  Maximilian  2,  who,  having  gotten  know- 
ledge of  our  qualities,  sent  a  Baron  of  his  Bedchamber  with  coaches 
to  conduct  us  to  the  Court ;  which  gracious  surprisal  we  could  not 
civilly  resist.  At  the  Court  we  were  placed,  by  the  Duke's  own 
appointment,  in  a  gallery  ;  where  [when]  we  saw  a  more  solemn  and 
sober  procession  than  I  had  beheld  even  at  Rome,  under  the  Pope's 
eyes  ;  as  perhaps  all  superstition  is  loosest  at  the  fountain.  In  this 
procession,  a  little  after  the  Duke  and  his  brother  Albertus.  went 
two  young  sons  of  one  of  them  that  were  thrown  out  of  the  window 
at  Prage,  who  since  then  have  been  fostered  in  Bavaria ;  and  from 
hence  we  took  our  first  judgement  of  the  affections  of  that  Court. 
I  cannot  omit  that  at  this  solemnity  were  two  Jesuits,  who  otherwise 
in  Italy  do  studiously  decline  the  familiarity  of  such  public  appear- 
ances, for  preservation  of  respect.  At  which,  when  I  did  express 
some  wonder,  I  was  told  between  jest  and  earnest  that  indeed  the 
greater  Fathers  were  more  reserved  of  their  presence,  but  these  were 
only  like  ushers  over  the  seminary  boys,  to  keep  them  in  awe  at 
this  show. 

This  done,  the  Duke  of  Holstein  and  myself  were  led  and  lodged 
in  several  quarters  of  the  Palace ;  and  before  dinner  the  Duke 
Maximilian  (though  tired  with  walking)  sent  singly  for  me,  and 
passed  with  me  more  than  an  hour  in  private  and  free  discourse  ; 
falling  into  it  with  as  serious  protestation  as  mine  ears  ever  heard, 
that  though  he  was  bred  in  the  Roman  Faith,  yet  no  Prince  living 
did  more  honour  and  reverence  the  great  virtues  and  eminent  wisdom 

1  May  29,  N.S.  2  Maximilian  I,  Duke  of  Bavaria  1596-1623. 


1 


TO   JAMES  I  175 

of  the  King  my  master,  to  whom  he  had  th<    honour  bo  be  allied, 

}x>th  by  marriage  and  by  his  own  descent ;  and  therefore  should 
have  thought  it  a  disgrace  for  him  to  let  me  go  that  way  without 
offering  me,  after  I  had  passed  the  Alpes,  a  little  commodity  <>i 
inpoee  in  that  poor  house,  as  he  was  pleased  to  term  it ;  being  other- 
prise  one  of  the  most  capable,  magnificent,  and  regular  fabrics  of 
Christendom,  and  all  of  his  own  device  and  erection  in  five  years.1 
He  told  me  besides  how  sensible  he  was  of  the  honour  which  the 
Count  Palatine  had  done  him  with  a  personal  surprisal,2  and  how 
ashamed  that  the  times  had  not  yet  permitted  him  to  revenge  that 
favour,  which  he  had  vowed  to  do  with  the  first  opportunity ;  and 
the  rather  that  he  might  invite  your  Majesty's  most  virtuous 
daughter  (who  hath  filled  these  countries  with  her  excellent  fame) 
to  come  and  take  possession  in  Bavaria  of  her  woods  and  fields,  and  to 
kill  all  there  that  had  either  wings  or  feet.  This  was  the  complimental 
part  of  his  speech.  In  the  rest,  he  bewailed  the  present  appearance 
of  unquietness  in  the  Empire  ;  he  lamented  likewise  the  situation  of 
his  own  State,  which  made  it  hard  for  him  to  preserve  himself 
neutral,  though  he  had  studied  it.  He  spake  of  Ferdinando's  person 
kindly,  of  his  fortune  doubtfully  :  of  the  Bohemians  with  a  cool 
temper,  rather  censuring  the  form  of  their  proceeding  than  the 
cause  ;  of  himself  with  singular  moderation,  and  without  the  least 
discovery  of  any  ambitious  affections,  though  we  found  his  courtiers 
warm  enough  in  their  hopes. 

After  dinner  he  sent  for  the  Duke  of  Holstein,  and  then  came 
himself  with  his  whole  train  to  visit  me  on  that  side  where  I  was 
placed  (an  honour  done  seldom  before,  as  I  heard,  to  any  ambassador), 
where  he  spent  with  me  about  half  an  hour,  with  new  affirmations 
of  his  reverent  respect  towards  your  Majesty ;  as  likewise  the 
morning  following,  when,  with  much  ado,  we  got  leave  to  be  gone. 
Which  noble  language  he  afterwards  (as  not  contented  with  a  verbal 
profession)  did  prosecute  in  a  letter  that  I  received  from  him  on  the 
way,  which  I  reserve  to  be  shown  your  Majesty. 

This  was  my  entertainment  in  the  Bavarian  Court  by  a  Prince 
(I  am  bound  to  say)  every  way  good,  but  in  that  wherein  he  should 
be  best ;  of  noble  manner  in  his  hospitality,  of  sharp  conceit,  of 
great  erudition,  and  both  orderly  and  lovingly  served.  Which 
circumstances  I  have  thought  it  my  part  to  set  down  the  more  par- 
ticularly, for  that  I  am  certainly  informed  of  much  jealousy  both 
taken  and  expressed  by  the  Pope  at  the  Count  Palatine's  reception 

1  The  Alte  Resideiiz,  dating  from  1601  to  1616. 

-  The  Elector  Palatine  visited  Maximilian  at  Munich  in  February,  1618,  to 
urge  him  to  become  a  candidate  for  the  imperial  throne.  (Wolf,  Geschichtt 
Muxiynilians  I,  1811,  iv,  p.  121.) 


176  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

in  that  Court ;  and  more,  for  a  book  written  by  his  Chancellor,  and 
published  by  the  Duke's  direct  command  (prefixed  in  the  front 
thereof)  in  defence  of  Ludovicus,  the  Bavarian  excommunicated 
Emperor ;  which  things  considered,  make  his  kindness  to  your 
Majesty's  servant,  and  professions  towards  your  royal  person,  more 
notable.     Now  to  proceed. 

At  Augusta  I  took  language1  that  the  Princes  and  States  of  the 
Union  had  deferred  their  assembly  ten  days  :  which  gave  me  oppor- 
tunity to  find  them  together  at  Heilbrun,  wThom  I  should  have 
missed  at  their  own  homes.  And  for  due  respect  I  gave  the  Count 
Palatine  notice  of  my  intent  to  be  there  by  a  gentleman  expressly 
sent.  Of  what  I  did  in  Augusta  for  your  Majesty's  service  I  bring 
with  me  the  accompt.  Being  arrived  at  Heilbrun  the  day  after  the 
first  sitting  of  the  Princes,  I  repaired  immediately  to  the  Count 
Palatine,  as  Director,  not  only  of  the  Union,  but  likewise  of  me  (for 
so  I  told  him  was  your  Majesty's  will) ;  who,  after  he  had  spoken 
with  his  associates,  did  order  the  form  of  my  proceeding  in  this 
manner  ;  with  himself,  I  was  to  treat  in  individuo,  both  for  respect 
of  privacy,  being  your  Majesty's  son-in-law,  and  of  dignity,  being 
then  Pro  visor  of  the  Empire,  as  his  right  style  is,  and  not  Vicar. 
To  the  four  Princes  I  went  jointly,  they  agreeing  upon  a  room  where 
they  would  assemble,  and  sending  for  me  their  coaches  and  courtiers  ; 
namely,  the  Marquess  of  Anspach  2  (who  hath  the  precedency,  as  an 
Electoral  branch),  the  Duke  of  Wirtemberg 3,  the  Marquess  of  Baden 4, 
and  the  Prince  Christianus  of  Anhalt5,  respondent  for  his  own 
House.  The  Landgrave  Maurice  of  Hassia6  was  not  there,  but 
voiced  to  be  sick.  The  Marquess  of  Brandenburg 7  was  out  of  th 
Empire  in  Prussia,  and  his  son  in  the  Low  Provinces.  The  repre 
sentants  of  the  three  united  cities,  Nurenburg,  Strasburg,  and  Ul: 
(which  direct  the  meaner  towns)  were  to  come  all  jointly  (as  the 
did)  to  my  lodging.  The  Count  Palatine  met  me  at  the  stair  head 
and  did  render  me  the  visitation  where  I  lay,  in  person.  The  Princes 
came  all  jointly  down  into  the  very  street  to  take  me  from  my  coach, 
and  in  like  manner  brought  me  down  again  unto  it,  and  did  after- 
wards visit  me  altogether  ;  the  Marquess  of  Anspach  then  presenting 
unto  me  their  answer  in  writing,  with  all  due  commemoration  of 
their  obligations  to  your  Majesty.     The  representants  of  the  cities 

1  Ante,  ii,  p.  173,  n.  1. 

2  General  of  the  forces  of  the  Union  in  1620.     (Gardiner,  iii,  p.  368.  > 

3  Johann  Friedrich  (1608-28). 

4  Georg  Friedrich,  Markgrave  of  Baden-Durlach  1604-22. 

5  Christian,  Prince  of  Anhalt  1568-1630. 

6  Maurice,  Landgrave  of  Hesse-Cassel  1572-1632. 

7  George  William,  Elector  of  Brandenburg  1619-40. 


TO  JAMES   I  177 

did  present  their  answer  verbally  at  my  lodging  by  the  Syndic  of 
Strasburg,  with  no  less  zeal  and  devotion  than  the  Princes  had  done. 
And  this  was  the  formal  part,  full  of  all  just  respect  that  could  be 
expressed  in  that  place.  Now  touching  the  real  part :  when  I  had 
conferred  with  the  Count  Palatine  your  Majesty's  scope  in  the  main 
business,1  I  found  him  in  truth  for  himself  exceeding  forward  ;  but 
for  the  other  Princes  and  towns  he  objected  two  difficulties :  the  one 
was  the  present  distractions  of  Germany,  which  made  the  proposition 
ue what  unseasonable;  the  other  was  the  differences  between 
our  Church  and  those  of  the  Augustine  confession  ;  which,  though 
but  few,  yet  perchance  might  a  little  hinder  their  concurrence  with 
us  in  this  excellent  work,  especially  the  Lutheran  Princes,  being 
likely  to  do  nothing  without  counsel  of  their  ministers,  and  they 
being  the  passionatest  men  amongst  them.  These  two  objections  con- 
•red.  it  was  thought  fit  by  the  Count  Palatine  (into  whose  hands 
I  had  delivered  myself),  after  deliberation  with  his  own  counsellors, 
that  I  should  at  this  time  only  dispose  the  other  princes  and  repre- 
sentants  of  cities  in  your  Majesty's  name,  towards  a  concurrence, 
with  apt  lenitives  and  probabilities ;  and  that  I  should  endeavour, 
by  your  Majesty's  Christian  persuasion,  to  remove  all  asperity  that 
might  impeach  it,  leaving  a  more  particular  prosecution  thereof  till 
the  noise  of  the  Empire  were  settled  ;  in  which,  meanwhile,  many 
things  might  be  further  thought  on  to  advance  this  purpose,  and  be 
conferred  afterwards  by  letters. 

Hereupon  I  framed  my  speech  to  the  Princes  in  the  manner 
following  : 

I  told  them  that  I  brought  thither  two  sorts  of  commissions,  the 
one  from  the  Duke  and  Senate  of  Venice,  sub  fide  tacita,  which 
I  presented  in  writing,  containing  a  profession  of  much  goodwill 
from  that  State  towards  them,  and  a  clear  inclination  to  a  straiter 
correspondence  with  them  ;  in  contemplation  of  whom,  the  Kepublic 
had  resolved  not  to  permit  the  transport  of  any  succours  cross  their 
Gulf  into  Austria,  for  the  further  troubling  of  Germany.  This  was 
the  substance  of  that  I  brought  under  silent  confidence,  without  any 
other  credit  than  mine  own  honesty  might  bear ;  which  had  been 
delivered  unto  me  by  order  of  Senate,  whom  I  acquainted  thus  far, 
that  I  would  take  homewards  the  way  of  Germany.  Wherein 
I  craved  from  the  Princes  and  the  rest  some  taste  of  their  inclina- 
tions, that  these  fair  offers  might  be  farther  prosecuted  by  your 
Majesty's  mediation,  whom  I  knew  much  to  desire  the  further 
strengthening  of  this  body  with  good  amities. 

1  Wot  ton's  instructions  for  dealing  as  extraordinary  ambassador  with   the 
an  Princes  are  printed  by  Gardiner.      ^Letters,  pp.  46-8.) 

wo  1 1  ox.   ii  N 


178  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

My  other  commission  was  (as  I  said)  from  mine  own  royal  master, 
from  whom  I  brought  letters  of  his  confidence  unto  them ;  after 
presentation  whereof,  and  all  other  due  premises,  I  told  them, 
that  your  Majesty,  having  long  and  deeply  considered  the  cor- 
ruptions that  have  grown  in  your  own  kingdoms,  and  in  the  States 
of  your  confederates  and  friends,  by  the  secret  practices  of  Jesuits, 
did  finally  observe  but  one  only  cause  of  this  creeping  mischief, 
and  but  one  only  remedy  ;  which  you  had  thought  meet  to  com- 
municate with  them  by  an  express  though  a  covered  legation,  under 
the  colour  of  my  return  homewards.  The  cause  of  the  said  evils 
was,  that  we  had  left  the  Pope  at  too  much  ease  in  his  own 
provinces ;  the  remedy  would  be,  to  cut  him  out  so  much  work 
at  home,  as  should  force  him  to  gather  his  thoughts  about  himself, 
and  in  conclusion  to  revoke  his  emissaries  for  the  maintaining  of 
Italy.     To  do  this,  there  were  but  four  means : — 

1.  By  the  advantage  of  arms  in  time  of  action. 

2.  By  open  preaching. 

o.  By  dispersion  of  books. 
4.  By  secret  semination. 

For  the  first,  it  was  true,  that  the  late  necessity  and  calling 
French  (among  whom  there  were  many  of  our  Religion)  into 
Piedmont,  and  the  Dutch,  Flemish,  and  English  into  Friuli,  had 
done  some  good  by  freedom  of  conversation,  all  Inquisition  ceasing 
such  times.    But. this  violent  way  must  be  left  to  further  occasion. 

For  the  second,  although  there  had  been  for  one  whole  Lent  publ 
preaching  against  the  Roman  doctrine  in  Venice ; l  yet  that  liber 
and  the  Pope's  excommunication  did  cease  together,  and  must 
abide  till  new  opportunity. 

For  the  third,  I  acquainted  them  how  greedy  the  Italians  wer 
of  our  treatises  in  matter  of  controversy,  and  of  divers  ways  that 
had  been  used  both  to  excite,  and  to  satisfy  that  curiosity,  both 
by  the  works  of  the  Archbishop  of  Spalato,  since  his  retirement 
into  your  Majesty's  protection  ;  and  of  a  discourse  that  was  ready 
to  come  abroad,  wherein  should  be  discovered  by  a  great  intelligent 
man,  even  of  their  own  breeding,  all  the  practices  of  the  Council 
of  Trent,2  out  of  the  original  registers  and  secret  papers  ;  wherein' 
your  Majesty  had  a  hand,  for  the  benefit  of  the  Christian  world. 

For  the  fourth  and  last  way,  of  secret  semination,  wherein  wt 
had  been  hitherto  wholly  deficient  and  asleep:  this,  I  said.  was 
the  particular  scope  of  my  present  charge. 

1  Fra  Fulgenzio's  sermons  (ante,  i,  pp.  98,  447-9). 

"  Paolo  Sarpi's  History  of  the  Council  of  Trent,  first  published  in  London  h 
Italian  in  1619. 


TO   JAMES   I  179 

In  this  your  Majesty  did  exhort  them  by  all  fervent  persuasion 
to  join  with  you  their  counsels  and  cares,  their  diligence  and  powers, 
according  to  such  ways  as  should  be  hereafter  propounded  either 
by  your  Majesty  to  them,  or  conceived  amongst  themselves.  Where- 
unto  your  Majesty  had  been  stirred,  first  by  the  zeal  of  God's  glory ; 
next,  by  a  religious  shame  and  indignation,  to  see  superstition  more 
active  than  the  Truth  ;  thirdly,  by  the  instance  of  divers  well-affected 
persons,  both  within  the  body  of  Italy,  and  in  the  confines  thereof. 
And  lastly,  by  the  opportunity  which  the  present  time  itself  did 
yield  unto  it ;  which  I  did  particularly  remonstrate  '  unto  them  ; 
but  being  matter  of  secrecy,  I  will  keep  it  in  my  pen  till  I  arrive 
with  your  Majesty. 

After  which,  I  concluded  with  your  Majesty's  most  loving  and 
Christian  persuasions  unto  them  (which  they  could  not  refuse, 
coming  from  such  a  friend)  to  lay  aside  our  own  small  differences, 
to  suppress  the  heat  of  passionate  divines  by  civil  authority,  and 
to  join  together  against  the  common  adversary  of  our  Churches  and 
States.  - 

And  because  the  free  passage  into  Italy  was  a  point  much  im- 
porting the  present  purpose,  as  likewise  in  other  respects  very 
considerable,  your  Majesty  did  intreat  them  to  spend  their  earnest 
intercession  by  a  common  letter  to  the  Cantons  of  Zurick  and  Bern, 
that  they  would  endeavour  by  all  means  possible  (as  being  in- 
comparably the  fittest  mediators)  to  re-establish  the  League  between 
the  Venetians  and  the  Grisons,  to  which  both  parties  were  well 
inclining ;  but  there  wanted  a  third  to  break  the  business,  and  to 
remove  the  scruple  of  who  shall  begin,  which  had  hitherto  hindered 
the  effect. 

This  was  my  poor  exposition  of  your  commands :  whereof  I 
thought  it  my  duty  to  render  your  Majesty  this  preambulatory 
accompt,  for  your  ease  at  mine  arrival,  and  for  mine  own  discharge  : 
bringing  with  me  the  letters  and  answers  of  the  Princes,  as  I  hope, 
to  your  Majesty's  full  contentment."' 

1  *  Remonstrate,'  i.  e.  demonstrate.    Obs.    {N.  E.  1).) 

-  Wotton  had  himself  suggested  to  James  I  that  lie  should  urge  the  German 
Princes  in  the  King's  name  to  stop  the  bitter  controversies  between  the  Lutherans 
and  Calvinists,  and  '  to  unite  them,  if  not  in  opinions,  yet  at  least  in  a  charit- 
able consent  against  the  practices  of  the  Roman  Church,  which  work  most  upon 
andal  of  our  distractions'.     (Feb.  8,  1619.     Box.  Club,  p.  108.) 

3  The  answer  of  the  Princes  of  the  Union  (the  Elector  Palatine,  the  Margrave* 
Of  Ansbach  and  Baden,  the  Duke  of  Wiirternberg,  the  Prince  of  Anhalt)  to 
*ir  Henry  Wotton,  dated  Heilbronn,  Juno  -|$,  1619,  is  printed  in  Gardiner, 
Letters,  p.  112.  The  Princes  sent  their  thanks  to  the  Republic  of  Venice,  through 
Wotton,  for  its  friendly  professions,  and  its  intention  to  prevent  the  Spanish 
troops  from  crossing  the  Adriatic.  They  also  expressed  a  cautious  but  polite 
willingness  to  co-operate  with  James,  in  his  efforts  to  effectuate  an  alliance 

N  2 


180  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

I  will  conclude  with  my  most  humble  thanks   unto  your  royal 
goodness,  for  this  employment  above  all  other  ;  and  with  my  prayers 
to  God,  that  the  weakness  of  the  instrument  may  not  prejudic 
the  excellent  intention  of  the  master  and  director. 


327.    To  the  Makquis  of  Buckingham. 

Hart.  MS.  1581,  f.  212,  Beliq.,  2nd  ed.,  p.  472,  3rd  ed.,  p.  282.  Wotton 
writes  of  his  interview  with  the  Venetian  ambassador,  Girolamo 
Lando. 

The  25  of  January,  1619(20). 

My  most  noble  Lord, 

I  will  be  bold,  by  this  opportunity,  to  give  his  Majesty,  through 
your  Lordship's  hands,  an  accompt  of  a  command  which  I  had  from 
him  at  Theobald's,  about  sounding  how  the  Venetian  ambassador 
stood  satisfied  with  the  late  determination  touching  his  predecessor 
Donato  \ 

I  did  visit  the  said  ambassador  immediately  at  my  return  from 
the  King,  and  saluted  him,  as  by  express  commandment ;  interjecting 
some  words  of  mine  own  gladness,  that  he  had  received  contentment 
in  this  tender  point,  which  would  signalize  his  beginnings.  This 
I  said,  because  in  truth  I  had  found  him  always  before  the  more  ' 
passionate  in  it,  by  some  reflection  upon  himself.  His  answer 
(after  due  thanks  for  his  Majesty's  gracious  remembrance  of  hi] 
from  abroad)  was  that  for  his  own  part,  he  was  contentisshno,  an< 
had  represented  things  home  in  the  best  manner.  He  hopec 
likewise  it  would  be  well  tasted  there  also,  though  with  some  doubt, 
because  the  State,  out  of  their  own  devotion  towards  his  Majesty, 
might  form  a  confidence  of  expecting  more. 

I  replied  that  the  King  upon  the  matter  (if  we  consider  disgrace) 
had  done  more  than  themselves:  for  he  was  but  once  banishec 
at  Venice,  and  twice  here  ;  viz.  once  from  the  verge  of  the  Court, 
and  secondly  from  London  ;  which  was  as  much  as  could  be  done 
with  preservation  of  national  immunities,  and  more  than  would  have 
been  done  at  the  suit  of  any  other  ambassador  here  resident,  or 
perhaps  of  any  of  their  own  hereafter,  if  the  like  case  shall  occur. 

between  Venice  and  the  Orisons,  and  in  the  plan  for  the  Protestant  propaganda 
in  Italy.  '  For  such  solemn  trilling,'  says  Professor  Gardiner,  'the  Princes  of 
the  Union  had  no  time  to  spare.  They  were  agitated  by  the  news  which  reached 
them  from  various  quarters.  Silesia  and  Moravia  had  thrown  in  their  lot  with 
the  Bohemian  Directors,  and  whilst  Mansfeld  was  keeping  Bucquoi  in  check, 
Thurn,  at  the  head  of  a  second  army,  was  thundering  at  the  gates  of  Vienna.' 
{Gardiner,  iii,  pp.  301,  302.) 

1  Antonio  Donato  {ante,  ii,  p.  173).  He  attempted  to  get  Buckingham  and  the 
Earl  of  Arundel  to  intercede  in  his  favour,  but  was  banished  from  the  Court  and 
filially  from  London.     sAdd.  MS.  20760,  p.  11.) 


TO   THE   MARQUIS    OF   BUCKINGHAM  181 

For  (as  I  told  him)  it  was  the  King's  express  will,  that  his  particular 
respect  to  the  Republic,  and  to  him  in  this  business,  should  not 
be  drawn  into  examples.  With  this  point  he  was  not  a  little 
pleased  for  his  own  glory,  and  said  that  indeed  Mr.  Secretary 
Nanton  had  told  him  so.  This  was  the  sum  of  what  passed  between 
us,  omitting  impertinencies.  Let  me  end  (my  dear  Lord)  as  I  am 
bound,  in  all  the  use  either  of  my  pen  or  of  my  voice,  with  an 
humble  and  hearty  acknowledgement  of  my  great  obligations  towards 
your  Lordship,  which  will  make  me  restless,  and  in  good  faith 
unhappy,  till  I  can  some  way  show  myself, 

Your  Lordship's  most  thankful  and  faithful  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 


328.    To  Doctor  Samuel  Collins1. 

Kings  College  MS.,  Letters  III,  f.  28,  holograph.     Wotton  asks  of  the  Provost 

of  King's  College,  Cambridge,  leave  of  absence  for  Thomas  Rowe,  Fellow 

of  King's  College. 

From  my  Lodging  in  Westminster, 

this  13th  of  April,  1620. 

Sir, 
Without  any  familiar  acquaintance  with  you  heretofore,  or  any 
ability  of  serving  you  hereafter,  I  take  boldness  from  mine  own 
good  meaning  to  beseech  you  to  grant  unto  Mr.  Thomas  Rowe 2 
license  for  travelling  abroad  for  some  time  in  my  company,  without 
prejudice  of  his  place  in  the  meanwhile  at  home  ;  for  which  favour 
towards  him  I  shall  be  greatly  obliged  unto  you,  being  a  gentleman 
to  whose  name  I  am  much  beholden,  and  towards  whose  person 
I  have  much  affection. 

I  was  ready  about  this  purpose  to  procure  unto  you  letters  from 
greater  personages  ;  but  indeed,  Sir,  besides  the  suit  itself,  it  shall 
be  a  second  obligation  if  it  shall  please  you  to  spare  me  that  labour, 
and  to  value  my  poor  lines  above  the  merit  of  the  writer,  who  will 

remain, 

Desirous  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

1  Dr.  Collins,  see  Appendix  III. 

2  Thomas  Rowe,  or  Roe,  Fellow  of  King's  College,  M.  A.  1619,  cousinof  Sir  Thomas 
Roe.  He  travelled  into  Germany,  Italy,  and  Sicily,  spent  some  time  at  Venice 
and  Rome  ;  upon  his  return  he  took  Holy  Orders  ;  was  Senior  Fellow  of  King's 

•College  in  1633,  if  not  before,  Vice-Provost  1635,  became  Chaplain  to  Laud,  and 
in  1639  was  presented  to  the  College  living  of  Fordingbridge  in  Hants,  but  died 
before  his  institution.  (King's  College  MS.  Catalogue,  1610.)  The  King's  College 
chronicler  adds  in  a  note,  which  seems  to  betray  some  feeling,  that  Thomas 
Rowe  bequeathed  £200  to  the  College  to  be  employed  in  making  fires  in  the 
hall,  but  his  brother  and  executor  '  never  had  the  conscience  to  pay  the  same  to 
the  College '. 


182  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

329.    To  James  I. 

Eton  MS.,  dictated,  Box.  Club,  p.  198,  Eeliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  365,  3rd  ed.,  p.  283. 
Wotton's  journey  as  far  as  Augsburg. 

From  Augusta,  the  y%  of  August,  1620. 

May  it  please  your  most  sacred  Majesty, 

From  this  place  I  determined  to  make  my  first  dispatch  untc 
your  Majesty,  hoping  in  such  cities  and  Courts  whereunto  I  hac 
address  on  the  way,  to  take  up  somewhat  that  should  be  considerable, 
and  till  then  unwilling  to  entertain  your  solicitous  mind  with  im- 
material things. 

I  have  hitherto  been  with  five  several  princes  and  communities, 
the  Duke  of  Loraigne,  the  Archduke  Leopoldus,  the  town  of 
Strasburg,  the  Duke  of  Wirtemberg,  and  the  town  of  Ulme,  in  the 
same  order  as  I  have  set  them  down  ;  amongst  whom  I  spent  in  all 
twelve  days,  and  the  rest  of  the  time  in  incessant  journeys,  whereof 
I  shall  now  render  your  Majesty  a  free  accompt  in  the  substance, 
retrenching  impertinencies. 

Unto  the  Duke  of  Loraigne1  I  had  no  credential  address  from 
your  royal  hand ;  and  yet  to  pass  silently  like  a  stream  through  his 
land,  by  a  prince  of  so  near  conjunction  in  blood  with  you,2  and  so 
interested  in  the  scope  of  mine  errand,  as  a  member  of  the  Empire, 
had  been  some  incongruity.  Therefore  excusing  (as  I  might  justly) 
the  want  of  letters  with  my  purpose  to  have  taken  another  way,  till 
I  heard  that  the  French  King  had  cleared  the  confines  of  Loraigm 
by  drawing  such  forces  as  lay  hovering  there,  with  some  hazard  ol 
passengers,  over  the  river  of  Marne  towards  Normandie :  I  say  aftei 
this  excuse,  I  told  him  I  was  sure  your  Majesty  would  be  singularb 
pleased  to  understand  by  me  of  his  health  ;  and  that  I  had  1 
transitu  conferred  with  him  your  Christian  ends,  wherein  you  conk 
not  but  expect  at  his  hands  a  concurrence  both  of  counsel  and 
affection.  This  I  said,  to  draw  civilly  from  him  as  much  as  I  could, 
being  a  prince  cumbered  (as  I  found  him)  with  the  German  troubles 
on  the  one  side,  and  the  French  on  the  other  ;  and  therefore  bound 
to  study  the  passages  of  both  :  especially  having  a  State  which 
perhaps  is  harder  for  him  to  keep  neutral  than  himself.  In  the  rest 
of  my-  discourse,  I  possessed  him  with  two  main  heads  of  mine 
instructions.  First,  with  your  Majesty's  innocency  in  the  Bohemian 
business  at  the  beginning  :  next,  with  your  impartiality  therein, 
even  until  this  hour,  both  which  did  render  you  in  this  cause,  the 

1  Henri  II,  Duke  of  Lorraine  (1608-24). 

2  Mary  of  Guise,  Mary  Queen  of  Scots'  mother,  was  a  granddaughter  of 
Ren6  II,  Duke  of  Lorraine. 


TO  JAMES    I  188 

fittest  mediator  of  the  world.  And  so  I  shut  up  all  with  this,  that 
God  had  given  your  Majesty  two  eminent  blessings  ;  the  one,  peace 
at  home,  the  other  (which  was  surely  the  greater  and  the  rarer) 
a  soul  desirous  of  the  like  abroad  ;  which  you  found  yourself  tied,  in 
the  conscience  of  a  Christian  King,  to  prosecute  by  all  possible  means. 
And  therefore,  though  you  had  before  in  the  beginning  of  the 
Bohemian  motions,  spent  your  good  meaning  by  a  solemn  ambassage 
to  the  Emperor,  in  the  person  of  a  dear  and  zealous  servant  of  great 
quality  ; 1  even  before  any  other  king  had  entered  into  it,  which, 
through  the  crudity  of  the  matter  as  then,  took  not  the  wished 
effect ;  yet  now  hoping  that  time  itself  and  the  experience  of 
vexation  had  mollified  the  affections,  and  better  digested  the 
difficulties,  you  had  not  refused  by  several  ambassages  to  both  sides, 
and  to  all  the  intervenient  Princes  and  States,  to  attempt  again  this 
high  and  Christian  work.  Thus  much,  though  in  effect  extracted 
from  your  Majesty's  own  directions,  I  have  here  once  rehearsed,  to 
save  the  repetition  thereof  in  my  following  audiences  at  other  places. 
The  Duke's  answer  was  more  tender  than  free,  lamenting  much 
the  present  condition  of  things,  commending  as  much  your  Majesty's 
good  mind,  proclaiming  his  own,  remitting  the  whole  to  those  great 
and  wise  Kings  that  had  it  in  hand,  and  concluding  (with  a  voice, 
me  thought,  lower  than  before,  as  if  he  had  doubted  to  be  overheard, 
though  in  his  private  chamber)  that  the  Princes  of  the  Union  would 
tell  me  what  his  affections  were  in  the  cause.  For  which  I  gave 
him  thanks,  commending  in  all  events  to  his  continual  memory, 
that  your  Majesty's  daughter,  my  gracious  Lady,  and  her  descendants 
were  of  the  blood  of  Loraigne.  '  Yea,'  said  he,  'and  the  Elector  likewise.' 
This  was  all  that  passed  from  him  of  any  moment.  After  which 
he  brought  me  to  Monsieur  de  Vaudemont  *  whose  principal  business 
(as  I  hear)  at  the  present,  is  to  work  the  Duke's  assent,  and  the 
Pope's  dispensation,  for  a  marriage  between  his  own  son  and  his 
brother's  daughter ; 3  a  thing  much  affected  by  that  people,  and,  no 
doubt,  fomented  by  France,  to  keep  so  important  a  province  from 
strangers.  In  the  meanwhile  De  Vaudemont's  son,  for  improvement 
of  his  merit  and  fame,  is  bestowed  in  the  command  of  those  troops 
which  were  suffered  to  pass  the  Khine  at  Brissac  upon  Whitsun 
Monday  last.  Before  I  leave  Loraigne,  I  cannot  but  advertise  your 
Majesty  that  at  Pfaltezburg,  a  town  in  the  confines  of  that  province 
towards   Elsatia   (inhabited  and  built  by  many  good  men  of  the 

1  Lord  Doncaster  (ante,  ii,  p.  165  n.). 

-  Count  Francis  de  Vaudemont,  brother  of  the  Duke  of  Lorraine. 
::  The   Duke's   daughter   Nicole,  was  married  to  the  son   of  the   Count  de 
Vaudemont  in  1621 .       Kavold.  Histoire  du  Pays  de  Lorraine,  p.  972.) 


184  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

Religion)  the  Ministers  came  unto  me.  bewailing  the  case  of  the 
inhabitants,  who  for  some  thirty  years  had  possessed  that  place 
quietly,  till  of  late  by  instigation  of  the  Jesuits  at  Nancie,  the  Duke 
had  given  them  warning  to  be  gone  within  the  term  of  two  years, 
whereof  some  good  part  was  expired.1  Their  request  unto  me  was, 
that  by  your  Majesty's  gracious  mediation,  they  might  be  received 
into  a  place  within  the  Palatine's  jurisdiction,  near  their  present 
seat,  which  they  offer  to  enlarge,  and  fortify  at  their  own  charge, 
upon  the  grant  of  reasonable  immunities ;  which  I  have  assumed  to 
treat  by  letter  with  your  Majesty's  son-in-law,  needing  no  other 
commission  from  your  Majesty  in  things  of  this  nature,  than  your 
owrn  goodness. 

The  Archduke  Leopold 2  I  was  forced  to  seek  three  days  journey 
from  his  ordinary  seat ;  where,  being  at  his  private  sports  of  the 
field,  and  no  fit  things  about  him,  he  desired  me  to  return  back  half 
a  days  journey  to  Mulzhaim,  the  notorious  nest  of  Jesuits,3  com- 
manding the  Governors  of  his  towns  in  the  meantime,  to  use  me 
with  all  due  respect ;  among  whom  he  made  choice  of  an  Italian,  by 
name  Ascanio  Albertini  (a  man  of  singular  confidence  with  him,  and 
surely  of  very  fair  conditions)  to  sound  me,  though  in  a  merry 
fashion,  and  half  laughing  (as  there  was  good  cause)  how  I  would 
taste  it,  if  he  should  receive  me  in  the  Jesuits'  College  :  for  at 
Mulzhaim  those  were  his  hosts,  being  destitute  of  other  habitation. 
I  answered  him,  as  merrily  as  it  was  propounded,  that  I  knew  the 
Jesuits  had  everywhere  the  best  rooms,  more  splendent  than  true, 
fitter  to  lodge  princes  than  monks  ;  and  that  their  habitations  were 
always  better  than  themselves.  Moreover,  that  for  mine  own  p* 
though  I  was  not  much  afraid  of  their  infection,  and  that  Saint 
Paul  did  not  refuse  to  be  carried  in  a  ship  which  was  consecrated  t< 
false  gods,  yet  because  on  our  side  they  were  generally,  and  n< 
doubt  justly  reputed  the  true  cause  of  all  the  troubles  of  the 
Christian  world,  I  doubted  it  would  be  a  scandalous  reception ;  and 
that  besides,  those  artificers  would  go  near  to  make  it  appear,  on  my 
part,  a  kind  of  silent  approbation  of  their  order  and  course.  This 
wTas  mine  answer,  which  being  faithfully  transported  by  the  Italian. 
the  Archduke  made  choice  of  another  mean  house  in  the  town, 
where  he  received  me  truly  in  a  noble  sweet  fashion  :  to  whom 
having  presented  your  Majesty's  letters  and  love,  he  disposed  himself 
writh  sharp  attention  to  hear  me.     To  him,  besides  that  which  I  had 

1  The  Duke  of  Lorraine  was  a  bigoted  Catholic,  and  ordered  all  the  Protestants 
to  leave  his  territories.     (Ravold,  Histoire,  p.  968.) 

2  Brother  of  the  Emperor  Ferdinand,  and  Bishop  of  Strasburg  1607-25. 

3  The  Jesuit  College  of  Molsheim.     (Ward,  p.  104  n.) 


TO  JAMES   1  is;, 

laid  to  the  Duke  of  Loraigne,  I  added  two  things.  The  first,  that 
not  only  your  Majesty  was  clear  of  all  foreknowledge,  or  counsel,  in 
the  business  of  Bohemia  ;  but  likewise  your  son-in-law  himself  of 
any  precedent  practice  therein  till  it  was  laid  upon  him,  as  you 
knew  by  his  own  high  affirmations,  and  most  infallible  testimonies. 
The  second,  that  though  your  Majesty  to  this  hour  did  continue  as 
equal  between  both  parties,  as  the  equinoctial  between  the  poles,  yet 
about  the  time  of  my  departure  you  were  much  moved,  and  the 
whole  land  likewise,  with  a  voice,  I  know  not  how  spread  abroad, 
that  there  was  great  preparations  to  invade  the  Nether  Palatinate ; l 
which  if  it  did  fall  out,  your  Majesty  should  have  just  reason  to 
think  your  moderation  unthankfully  requited  ;  the  said  Palatinate 
being  the  patrimonial  lands  of  your  own  descendants,  and  no  way 
connected  with  the  Bohemian  business.  Whereupon  I  persuaded 
him  fairly,  in  your  Majesty's  name,  being  a  personage  of  such 
authority  in  the  present  actions,  to  keep  them  from  any  such 
precipitous  and  impertinent  rupture  as  might  preclude  all  mediation 
of  accord.  And  because  your  Majesty  had  now  (which  was  a  second 
argument  of  your  equity)  sent  several  ambassadors  to  the  fountains, 
for  your  better  information  in  the  merit  of  the  cause,  by  your  own 
instruments.  I  besought  him  to  illuminate  me  (who  was  the  weakest 
of  your  creatures)  as  far  as  he  should  think  fit,  and  to  assist  me  with 
his  best  advice  towards  this  good  end,  whereunto,  besides  the  dear 
commandment  of  the  King,  my  master,  I  would  refer  mine  own 
plain  and  honest  zeal. 

His  answer  to  all  the  points  (which  he  had  very  orderly  laid  up) 
was  this.  Of  your  Majesty's  own  clearness  he  professed  much 
surance  ;  of  your  son-in-law  as  much  doubt,  charging  him  both 
1th  close  practice  with  the  Bohemians  at  the  time  of  the  Emperor's 
action  at  Franckefurt,  and  more  foully  with  a  new  practice,  either 
himself  or  by  others,  to  introduce  the  Turke  into  Hungarie. 
Of  any  design  upon  the  Lower  Palatinate,  he  utterly  disavowed  all 
lowledge  on  his  part ;  yet  would  not  deny  but  the  Marquis  Spinola 
light  perchance  have  some  such  aim  ;  and  if  things  went  on  as  they 
do.  men  would  no  doubt  assail  their  enemies  wheresoever  they  shall 
find  them.  In  such  ambiguous  clouds  as  these  he  wrapped  this 
point. 

Of  the  Emperor's  inclination  to  an  agreement,  he  bade  me  be  very 
assured  ;    but  never  without  restitution  of  the  usurped  Kingdom, 

1  In  August  Spinola,  at  the  head  of  a  Spanish  army,  marched  along  the 
Bhine  as  if  to  invade  Bohemia,  and  then,  turning  suddenly,  he  invaded  the 
Palatinate,  and  when  Weston  and  Conway  arrived  at  Mentz,  on  Aug.  19,  they 
found  the  place  full  of  Spanish  troops.     ^Gardiner,  iii,  p.  368.) 


186  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

which  was  not  a  loss  of  easy  concoction,  especially  being  taken  from 
him  by  the  Count  Palatine  his  vassal,  as  he  often  called  him ;  and 
once  added,  that  he  thought  he  would  not  deny  it  himself.  Of  the 
merit  of  the  cause  he  said  he  had  sent  divers  of  his  papers  and  records 
to  the  Emperor,  where  I  should  find  them. 

Lastly,  he  acknowledged  himself  much  bound  unto  your  Majesty 
for  the  honour  you  had  done  him  to  take  such  knowledge  of  his 
person,  and  was  contented  to  bestow  some  thanks  upon  me  for  mine 
honest  inclination,  which  he  would  present,  before  mine  arrival,  at 
Vienna.  I  had  almost  omitted  a  point  touched  by  him,  that  he  had 
knowledge  of  some  English  levies  coming  towards  the  Palatinate :  | 
about  which  I  cleared  him,  with  confessing  that  your  Majesty's 
people,  and  some  principals  of  your  nobility,  had  taken  alarm  upon 
the  voice  of  an  invasion  there,  and  meant  voluntarily  to  sacrifice 
themselves  in  that  action,  but  without  any  concurrence  of  your 
Majesty  thereunto,  either  by  money  or  command.  To  which  he 
replied  that  truly  so  he  had  heard,  and  made  no  question  of  your 
royal  integrity.  In  the  afternoon  of  this  day  he  took  me  abroad 
with  him  in  his  coach,  to  show  me  some  of  his  nearer  towns  and 
fortifications,  and  there  descended  into  many  familiarities,  and, 
amongst  other,  to  show  us  how  to  make  frogs  leap  at  their  own 
skins ;  a  strange  purchase 2,  methought,  at  a  time  when  kingdoms 
are  in  question  ;  but  it  may  be  it  was  an  art  to  cover  his  weightier 
meditations. 

Amongst  other  discourse  there  was  some  mention  of  your  Majesty's 
treaty  with  Spain  in  point  of  alliance,  which  I  told  him  was  a  con- 
cluded business  ;  for  that  warrant  I  had  from  your  own  royal  mouth 
in  your  gallery  at  Theobald's,  having  let  fall  none  of  your  syllables. 
Whereupon  he  said  that  he  did  not  despair  upon  so  good  an  occasion 
to  salute  your  Majesty  in  your  own  Court.  The  morning  following 
he  sent  unto  me  Signor  Ascanio,  with  express  desire  that,  since 
your  Majesty's  intentions  were  so  clear,  I  would  as  frankly  acquaint 
him  whether  in  mine  instructions  I  had  any  particular  form  of 
accord  to  project  unto  the  Emperor :  which  himself  likewise  at  my 
second  audience  did  somewhat  importunately  press,  excusing  his 
curiosity  with  a  good  meaning,  to  prepare  the  Emperor  in  the  best 
manner  he  could  to  accept  it.  My  answer  was,  that  your  Majesty 
thought  it  first  necessary  on  both  sides  to  dispose  the  affections,  and 
then,  by  reciprocal  intelligence  between  your  servants  from  Vienna 
and  Prage,  to  collect  some  measure  of  agreement ;   for,  otherwise. 

1  The  English  troops,  Tinder  the  command  of  Sir  Horace  Vere,  embarked  from 
England  on  July  22,  1620.       Gardiner,  iii,  p.  365." 
-  '  Purchase,'  occupation.    Obs.      Century  Diet.) 


TO   JAMES    I  is; 

il  we  should  find  both  parties  fixed  in  extreme  resolutions,  it  were 
a  folly  to  spend  any  farther  the  honour  of  our  master.  Here  again 
he  told  me  that  I  should  find  the  Emperor  persuasible  enough,  if 
his  reputation  may  be  saved  ;  and  for  his  own  part  he  thought  that 
the  Count  Palatine,  being  the  inferior,  might  yield  without  pre- 
judice of  his.  To  terms  of  this  height  he  revolved,  and  of  this 
complexion  are  his  letters  to  your  Majesty  '  that  I  send  herewith, 
of  which  I  must  needs  say  that  in  some  part,  olent  Patrem  Henricum  ; 
so  they  call  a  Jesuit  of  inward  credit  with  him.  Always  true  it  is 
that  they  were  couched  in  the  College ;  for  his  secretaries  were 
absent,  as  the  Italian  told  me,  at  his  ordinary  place  of  residence. 
At  my  leave-taking  he  spake  with  much  reverence  of  your  Majesty, 
with  much  praise  of  your  Christian  mind,  and  with  much  thankful- 
ness of  the  honour  you  had  done  him.  He  is  a  Prince  of  good 
stature,  of  fair  complexion,  inclining  to  fullness ;  his  face  the  very 
best,  as  they  tell  me,  of  the  House  of  Austria,  and  better  indeed 
than  his  fashion.  No  curiosity  in  his  clothing,  no  affectation  in 
his  discourse  ;  extreme  affable,  both  to  strangers  and  amongst  his 
own  :  patient  of  labour,  and  delighting  in  motion.  In  stimma,  little 
of  a  bishop,  save  the  bishopric  and  a  long  coat.  With  which  short 
character  of  his  person  I  have  taken  the  boldness  to  end,  being  (as 
I  conceive  it)  the  duty  of  servants  to  represent  unto  their  masters 
the  images  of  those  with  whom  they  treat,  and  as  well  their  natural 
as  artificial  impressions. 

Of  Strasburg  and  Ulme  I  may  speak  conjunctively,  being  of  one 
nature ;  both  free,  and  both  jealous  of  their  freedom,  which  makes 
them  fortify  apace.  Towards  me  likewise  they  joined  in  one  point 
of  good  respect,  namely,  in  not  suffering  me  to  come  to  their  Senate 
House,  but  in  treating  with  me  where  I  was  lodged  by  deputed 
persons,  out  of  the  reverence  (as  they  professed)  due  to  your  Majesty, 
who  had  done  them  so  much  honour  with  your  letters,  and  with 
communication  of  your  ends  by  your  humble  servant.  They  both 
highly  commended  your  Majesty's  Christian  intentions,  and  professed 
themselves  hitherto  in  the  same  neutrality  ;  but  because  it  were 
uncivil  for  them  to  contribute  their  counsels,  where  such  kings  did 
employ  their  wisdom  and  authority,  they  would  only  contribute 
their  prayers,  with  the  like  temperate  conceits  as  these  appearing 
likewise  in  their  letters,  which  I  send  by  this  bearer.c 


'  A  letter  from  the  Archduke  Leopold  to  James  I,  dated  Molsheim,  Aug.  1, 
1G20.  and  referring  to  the  visit  of  the  •  Illustris  Viri  Henrici  Wottonii ',  is  at 
Eton.     (Rox.  Club,  p.  191. 

-  The  letter  from  the  city  of  Strasburg.  dated  July  2(1,  and  from  the  city  <>f 
Dim,  dated  Aug.  1,  1<»20,  are  at  Eton.     {Rox.  Club,  pp'.  192.  198.] 


188  LETTERS   OF   WOTTOX 

Into  the  Duke  of  Wirtemberg's '  Court  I  was  received  veiy  nobly 
and  kindly,  feasted  at  his  table  with  the  Princess  and  other  great 
ladies,  and  most  part  of  the  day  led  by  himself  to  view  his  gardens, 
buildings,  and  other  delights. 

The  material  points  collected  here,  I  must  divide  partly  into  my 
discourse  with  himself,  and  partly  into  such  knowledge  as  he  com- 
manded Monsieur  Buvinckhausen'2  to  give  me,  which  cometh  in 
a  paper  apart,  being  very  material. 

In  his  own  speech  he  made  great  profession  towards  your  Majesty, 
wherein  no  prince  of  the  Empire  should  exceed  him  ;  and  as  much 
towards  the  King  of  Bohemia,  as  he  ever  called  your  son-in-law  ; 
of  whose  clearness  from  all  precedent  practice,  when  I  fell  to  speak, 
he  told  me  that  in  that  point  he  would  ease  me  ;  for  himself  visiting 
the  Elector  a  little  after  he  was  chosen,  he  found  him  extremely 
perplexed,  even  to  effusion  of  tears,  between  these  two  considerations, 
that  if  he  accepted  the  offer,  the  world  would  falsely  conceive  it 
to  have  sprung  from  his  own  ambition  ;  if  he  refused  it,  that  people 
was  likely  to  fall  into  desperate  counsels,  with  danger  of  calling 
more  than  Christian  help.  In  the  rest  of  his  discourse  I  was  glad 
to  hear  him  often  vow  that  he  would  defend  the  Palatinate  with 
all  his  power,  being  tied  thereunto,  not  only  by  the  bond  of  con- 
federacy, but  likewise  by  reason  of  state,  not  to  suffer  a  stranger  to 
neighbour  him. 

I  have  now  ended  for  the  present  your  Majesty's  trouble.  There 
remain  of  my  commission  the  Duke  of  Bavaria  and  the  Emperor. 
The  Duke  of  Bavaria  I  shall  find  actually  in  arms  about  Lintz  in 
the  upper  Austria,  and  the  Emperor  at  Vienna.  From  both  places 
I  will  make  several  dispatches  to  your  Majesty,  and  afterwards 
weekly,  or  more  frequently,  as  the  occasion  shall  rise.  Let  this  in 
the  meantime  end  in  my  humble  thanks  to  Almighty  God  for  the 
repose  of  your  own  estates,  and  in  my  hearty  prayers  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  your  dear  and  sacred  person. 

Your  Majesty's  most  faithful  and 

long  devoted  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

1  Johann  Friedrich  {ante,  ii,  p.  176;. 

2  Benjamin  Buvinckhausen  de  Walmerode  (ante,  ii,  p.  58)  had  been  in  England 
in  February,  1620,  as  ambassador  from  the  Princes  of  the  Union  to  demand 
help  for  the  defence  of  the  Palatinate.     (Gardiner,  iii,  p.  330.) 


TO   SIR   GEORGE   CALVERT  189 

330.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  F.  Ger.  Emp.,  holograph.     The  death  of  Lord  Wharton's  son. 

From  Augusta,  the  ^  of  August,  1620. 
Right  Honourable, 

Although  I  have  written  that  to  some  others  which  I  have  here 

set  down,  yet  it  is  due  to  none  more  properly  than  to  yourself,  who 

arc  a  lover  of  that  name  whereof  we  have  lost  the  tenderest  branch, 

little  Mr.  Wharton \ 

His  disease  was  a  febrous  dysentry,  which  in  three  days  exhausted 
his  feeble  constitution.  He  ended  his  travails  at  a  town  called 
Blochinghen,  some  three  leagues  on  this  side  the  Court  of  Wirten- 
berg,  whence  I  caused  him  to  be  transported  in  a  coach  with 
attendants  about  it  to  Ulme,  and  there  obtained  the  burying  of 
him  (though  with  some  difficulty)  within  their  town,  contrary  to 
their  custom  (as  they  told  me)  of  200  years,  and  to  the  example  even 
of  an  ambassador  from  the  Emperor,  who,  dying  there,  was  interred 
in  the  common  cemetery  extra  pomoeria. 

Thus  hath  he  changed  his  sweet  hopes  into  a  better  assurance, 
and  being  the  youngest  of  our  company,  he  hath  made  us  see  that 
the  Lord  of  the  whole  is  not  tied  to  the  order  of  nature  ;  therefore 
His  high  and  indisputable  will  be  done.  Our  apology  to  his 
friends  that  committed  the  care  of  him  unto  us  (I  mean  both 
Mr.  Braynthwaite 2  and  myself)  must  be  that  wherewith  we  should 
be  glad  to  satisfy  others,  as  well  as  our  own  consciences,  that  nothing 
was  omitted  which  the  weakness  of  human  reason  could  suggest. 
And  this  much  I  may  have  written  to  others,  but  to  you,  Sir,  I  do 
besides  owe  a  strange  and  (to  my  fancy)  a  remarkable  story  of  him. 
In  Strasbourg,  some  eight  days  before  his  end  (then  as  cheerful  as 
he  was  in  the  days  of  his  life),  one  desired  him,  after  the  German 
custom,  to  leave  some  sentence  in  his  book  ;  which  receiving  and 
leaning  upon  his  left  arm  with  a  pen  in  his  hand,  as  meditating 
What  he  should  write,  some  of  our  gentlemen  to  ease  his  meditation, 
began  to  offer  him  certain  sentences  ;  among  whom  Mr.  Thomas  Roe, 
as  most  proper  for  him,  would  have  had  him  write,  Xobilitas  sola  est 
atque  vnica  virtus?  and  others  somewhat  else.  •  'No?  (said  he),  'my 
word  shall  be  this,'  and  immediately  wrote,  Nascentes  mormur,* 
which  Mr.  Braynthwayt  notes  that  he  never  knew  him  write  before  ; 

1  Son  of  Philip,  third  Lord  Wharton,  and  brother  of  Margaret,  second  wife  of 
Edward  Lord  Wotton. 

'  Michael  Branthwaite,  tutor  to  young  Wharton,  and  a  relative  of  Sir  George 
Calvert,  see  Appendix  III. 

3  Juvenal,  Sat.  viii.  20. 

1  -Nascentes  morimur,  iinisque  ab  origine  pendet.'     iMauil.  Aatron.  iv.  16.) 


190  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

proceeding  then  from  a  kind  of  prophetical  spirit,  in  a  soul  that  was 
to  leave  this  evil  world  before  he  knew  it.  I  beseech  your  Honour 
to  dispense  this  sad  relation  among  his  friends,  with  your  own 
discretion,  because  it  shall  perchance  be  unfit  for  all  of  them  to 
know  it  as  soon  as  some  of  them ;  which  is  the  reason  that  I  have 
kept  Mr.  Braynthwaite  from  returning  immediately  home,  whom 
I  intend  to  send  with  a  dispatch  from  Lintz  on  the  Danube,  where  I 
shall  meet  with  the  Duke  of  Bavaria  ;  having  in  the  meantime,  under 
this  date,  given  through  the  hands  of  Mr.  Secretary  Nantoun,  an 
accompt  of  what  I  have  hitherto  negotiated  with  five  Princes  and 
communities ;  whereof  in  good  faith  I  had  now  sent  your  Honour 
the  copy,  if  I  had  leisure  to  transcribe  it.  But  he  who  is  yours  shall 
bring  it  with  him,  and  all  that  may  happen  in  the  meanwhile. 
God  keep  you,  Sir,  in  his  blessed  love. 

Your  Honours  in  long  and  honest  devotion, 

Henry  Wotton. 

331.    To  James  I. 

Eton  MS.,  dictated,  Rox.  Club,  p.  223.    Wotton  and  the  French 
ambassadors  in  Vienna  send  a  proposition  to  Prague. 

Vienna,  7th  of  September,  1620. 
Style  of  England. 
May  it  please  your  most  sacred  Majesty, 

When  I  had  ended  the  letter,1  wherein  this  cometh  to  your 

1  This  dispatch  of  Sept.  7,  O.S.,  is  partly  printed  in  Keliq.,  3rd  ed.,  pp.  498-508, 
and  completely  Box.  Club,  pp.  213-23.  A  brief  summary  of  this  lengthy  docu- 
ment must  suffice  here.  Wotton  states  that  Aug.  22,  O.S.,  he  arrived  at  Kloster 
Neuburg,  just  outside  Vienna,  where  he  remained  four  days,  while  suitable 
accommodations  were  being  provided  for  him  in  Vienna.  On  the  23rd  he  had 
his  first  audience  with  the  Emperor  Ferdinand  II,  to  whom  he  submitted  in 
writing  four  requests  :  first,  that  the  Emperor  would  inform  him  of  '  his 
inclination  towards  a  sincere  treaty  upon  the  present  motions  \  Second,  that 
Wotton  should  be  supplied  with  '  all  fundamental  arguments  in  the  merit  of 
the  cause ',  which  should  then  be  forwarded  to  James  I.  Third,  that  if  the 
Emperor  agreed  to  treat,  a  truce,  or  cessation  of  arms,  should  be  arranged  for 
this  purpose.  Fourth,  that  there  should  be  liberty  of  communication  for  the 
couriers  of  the  English  ambassadors  between  Vienna  and  Prague.  To  these 
requests  Wotton  added  strong  protestations  '  with  high  and  holy  affirmations '  of 
the  impartiality  of  James  I  in  the  cause,  and  his  complete  lack  of  connivance 
in,  or  foreknowledge  of,  the  election  of  his  son-in-law  to  the  Bohemian  throne. 

On  Aug.  26,  O.S.,  Wotton  entered  Vienna,  where  he  was  received  with  great 
honour  and  ceremony,  and  lodged,  with  '  rich  furniture ',  in  the  house  of  the 
Baron  di  Gabriana,  near  the  Court.  The  Baron  von  Harach,  a  gentleman  of 
the  Emperors  Bedchamber,  and  the  son-in-law  of  the  Emperor's  favourite 
councillor,  von  Eggenberg,  was  appointed  to  wait  on  him.  On  the  29th 
Wotton  visited  von  Eggenberg,  and  received  the  answer  to  his  four  requests. 
For  the  first  the  Emperor  declared  he  was  willing  to  leave  the  question  either 
to  a  meeting  of  the  Electoral  Collegepor  to  four  '  interpositors ',  one  of  whom 
should  be  the  Elector  Palatine  himself.  Tho  truce  was  refused  ;  freedom  for 
the  ambassadors'  couriers  was  granted,  and  the  Grand  Chancellor  of  Bohemia, 
with  two  Aulic  Councillors,  was  sent  to  expound  to  Wotton  the  legal  aspects 
of  the  case. 


TO  JAMES  I  191 

Majesty,  the  French  ambassadors,  Duke  d'Augolesme,  Monsieur 
de  Bethunes,  and  Monsieur  de  Preaux  came  to  visit  me.1  At  this 
conference  we  jointly  agreed  upon  a  dispatch  to  Prage,  addressed 
to  your  Majesty's  extraordinary  ambassadors  in  case  of  their  being 
there,  or  otherwise  to  Sir  Francis  Nethersole  your  agent2  (because 
the  French  have  none  in  Bohemia  at  the  present,  that  doth  bear 
any  qualification),  but  sent  by  a  gentleman  of  mine,  and  another 
of  theirs,  to  signify  our  conjunction,  and  by  us,  the  conjunction 
of  our  masters  in  the  same  good  end,  which  we  openly  profess  here 
to  others,  and  with  much  fraternity  between  ourselves. 

The  whole  intent,  your  Majesty  will  see  in  the  enclosed  copy 
of  my  letter a  to  your  own  servants,  which  I  humbly  submit  unto 
your  high  wisdom.  For  of  ourselves  we  can  but  hearken  what 
is  fit  to  propound.  It  is  not  our  parts  to  judge  what  our  Sovereign 
Master  will  alter,  or  the  Emperor  and  the  Bohemians  accept.  This 
only  I  dare  affirm  (with  your  Majesty's  pardon  of  my  presumption) 
that  by  the  next  dispatch  which  I  shall  send  your  Majesty  im- 
mediately after  the  return  of  those  which  the  French  ambassador 
and  myself  have  now  sent  to  Bohemia,  I  will  probably  represent 
unto  your  wisdom  what  time  and  charge  and  importunity  may  be 
further  spent  upon  this  business ;  which,  when  your  Majesty  shall 
be  pleased  to  consider  in  the  enclosed  what  hath  been  written  to 
your  instruments  on  that  side,  will  not  be  hard  to  assume.  For 
there  is  in  truth  but  one  main  knot  in  the  whole  business,  namely, 
the  point  of  succession  ;  which,  if  your  servants  from  Prage  shall 
signify  to  be  insuperable  there,  or  we  find  it  so  here,  your  Majesty 
may  dispose  of  us  at  your  pleasure  ;    for  we  shall  be,  in  the  places 

1  Extraordinary  ambassadors  sent  by  Louis  XIII  on  a  mission  like  that  of 
Wutton's  (and  equally  hopeless),  to  prevent  the  outbreak  of  war.  When 
"Wotton  arrived  in  Vienna  all  the  three  French  ambassadors  visited  him 
ther,  and  thereupon  arose  a  nice  diplomatic  point.  The  visits  being  paid 
in  company,  should  Wotton  return  them  (as  he  thought  right)  in  one  visit  to 
all  the  ambassadors  at  once,  or  should  he  go  (as  they  expected)  to  the  lodgings 
of  each  of  the  three?  The  difficulty  was  settled  by  the  French  ambassadors 
proving  that  precedent  was  on  their  side,  and  by  their  promising  Wotton  that 
if  more  English  envoys  arrived,  the  French  would  pay  them  separate  visits. 
.  Club,  pp.  215-16,  see  also  Wicque/ort,  p.  240.) 

-  Sir  Francis  Nethersole  (1587-1659),  secretary  to  the  Queen  of  Bohemia,  and 
for  James  I  at  Prague.     (£.  N.  B.,  xi,  p.  229.) 

■  This  letter  to  Conway  and  Weston  or  (if  they  had  not  yet  arrived  at  Prague; 
to  Sir  Francis  Nethersole,  is  printed  in  the  Reliquiae,  3rd  ed.,  p.  509.  The 
ambassadors  proposed  that  the  question  in  dispute  should  be  remitted  to  a  diet 
of  German  Princes  at  Regensburg,  with  the  intervention  of  foreign  ambassadors, 
and  they  suggested  that  the  Elector  Palatine  should  give  up  the  kingdom  of 
Bohemia,  which  the  Emperor  Ferdinand  should  enjoy  for  life,  the  Bohemians 
being  left  free  after  his  death,  to  choose  the  Elector  Palatine  or  his  heir,  to 
succeed  him.  They  did  not  insist  on  this  plan,  however,  leaving  it,  Wotton 
wrote,  '  as  a  bear's  whelp,  which  may  be  licked  into  better  form.'  The  bearers 
of  this  letter  were  Walter  Waller  for  Wotton,  and  De  Segome  ^or  Sigonie  For 
the  French  ambassadors. 


192  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

where  we  are,  inutiles  sera.  This  is,  therefore,  the  point  that  we 
search  in  our  conjoined  message  to  Prage,  of  which  I  have  no 
more  to  say  unto  your  Majesty  at  the  present. 

It  may  please  your  Majesty  now,  for  an  end  of  your  trouble 
by  this  courier,  to  be  informed  that  this  very  morning,  the  Emperor 
hath  sent  one  of  his  secretaries  unto  me  with  the  enclosed  paper, 
endorsed  '  Extractus  ex  litteris  Oratoris  Caesarei '  &c,  which  he  seems 
desirous  to  communicate  with  all  Christian  Princes  — to  what  end, 
your  Majesty's  wisdom  will  better  judge  than  I  can  suggest.  Only 
methought,  by  the  delivery  there  was  as  much  desire  in  the  Emperor 
to  let  your  Majesty  and  the  other  Princes  know  that  the  King  of 
Spain  is  engaged  in  his  defence,  as  to  express  the  reason.  And 
so  again  with  my  prayers  to  Almighty  God  for  your  Majesty's  long 
and  peaceful  days,  I  rest, 

Your  Majesty's  long  devoted  servant 

and  obliged  vassal, 

Henry  Wotton. 

332.    To  Sik  Geoege  Calvekt. 

S.  P.  Ger.  Emp.t  transcript.     Wotton  writes  to  Calvert  about  his  dispatch  to 
the  King. 

From  Vienna,  this  vii  of  Sept.  1620. 
Right  Honourable, 

My  dispatch  now  to  the  King  doth   contain   the   manner   of 

my  reception  here,  my  proposition  to  the  Emperor,  with  his  answer 

thereunto,    my    conference    with    the    Baron    of   Eckenberg l,    his 

favourite,  about  the  said  answer,  and  with  his  deputies  about  the 

merit  of  the  cause  ;  matter  of  intelligence  ;  and  discourse,  a  protestation 

from  Spain  of  that  King's  conscientious  ends  in  the  assisting  of  the 

Emperor ;  lastly,   my  professed  conjunction  here  with  the   French 

ambassadors,  and  our  joint  dispatch  to  Prage.     These  are  the  naked 

bones,  whereof  I  shall  not  need  to  set  down  the  poor  clothing  and 

ligaments.      I  know  all  will  pass  through   your   Honour's   hands 

to  the  King  because  you  are  the  lieger  secretary. 

I    wrote   to   your   Honour  from  Augusta  of  the  death  of  little 

Mr.  Wharton.    His  governor,  Mr.  Bray  nth  way  te,  I  retain  for  my  next 

dispatch  ;  by  whom,  being  one  of  your  own,  I  shall  have  new  occasion 

to  profess  that  I  am  likewise, 

Your  Honour's  unfeignedly, 

Henry  Wotton. 

1  Hans  Ulrich,  Baron  von  Eggenberg  and  Prince  (1568-1684  . 


TO    STB    ROBERT    NAUNTOX  193 

333.  To  Sir  Robert  Naunton. 

Eton  MS.,  holograph,  extract,  Jiox.  Club,  p.  233.     The  advance  of  the 
Imperial  Army  on  Prague. 

Vienna,  the  27th  of  September,  1620. 
Stilo  veteri. 

. .  .  We  wonder  and  languish  for  the  return  of  our  gentlemen  from 
Prage,  who  by  the  French  and  myself  were  jointly  dispatched  thither 
this  veiy  day  three  weeks.  What  passage  my  letters  find  homewards 
I  cannot  conjecture,  for  since  my  b^ing  here  I  have  received 
no  one  line  from  any  friend  beyond  Augusta.  The  present  I  hazard 
by  the  foot-post  of  Nurreinberge,  with  address  to  the  Calandrini 
there,  correspondents  (of)  Signor  Burlamachi.  The  Emperor's 
army  in  Bohemia  have  lately  taken  a  few  inconsiderable  places, 
whereof  the  last  was  Pitzca ;  since  when  some  say  they  bend 
towards  Pilzen  by  advice  of  the  Duke  of  Bavaria,  because,  if 
they  can  gain  it,  the  passage  will  be  open  from  his  provinces.  Others 
say  the  intent  is  to  march  more  directly  towards  the  capital  town, 
and  to  provoke  a  battle  ;  as  if  between  Pitzca  and  Prage  there 
lay  Salisburie  Plain,  or  some  bowling  alley  !  The  God  both  of  armies 
and  of  peace  resolve  all  to  His  own  glory,  to  whose  love  I  humbly 
commit  you,  Sir,  and  myself  to  the  continuance  of  yours,  as 

Your  willing  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

334.  To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ger.  Em}).,  holograph.    The  death  of  Dampierre ; 
Michael  Branthwaite. 

Vienna,  ^  of  October,  1620. 
Right  Honourable, 
I  send  you  a  draft  of  Tampier's  l  death,  like  one  of  the  Low- 
Country  pieces,  myself  the  designer,  though  no  Golzius 2  nor  Jacques 
de  Gein,  and  Mr.  Braynthwayte,  your  kinsman,  the  sculptor ;  with 
whose  hand  and  judgement  and  fidelity  and  erudition  I  am  so 
much  in  love,  that  I  will  not  suffer  him  (as  I  had  once  determined 
by  sending  him  back  with  a  dispatch)  to  lose  the  fruit  of  foreign 
observation  and  language.  Therefore  I  resolve  now  to  transport 
him  over  the  Alpse,  when  the  King  shall  free  us  from  hence,  and 
t<>   participate  with  him   my   studies   and   intelligences.      Mistake 

1  Heinrich,  Count  von  Dampierre  (1580-1620).  killed  in  an  attempt  to  take 
Pressburg,  Oct.  8,  1620.  Wotton's  account  of  Dampierre's  death  was  printed  in 
the  Reliquiae,  1st  ed.,  p.  467,  3rd  ed.,  p.  293. 

2  Golzius,  Belgian  painter  (1526-1583). 

WOTTON.    II  O 


194  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

me  not,  Sir,  as  if  I  valued  either  my  fortune  or  discretion  at 
a  rate  to  be  serviceable  to  one  of  yours,  for  though  that  respect 
doth  bind  me,  yet  it  cannot  mend  my  weakness.  Understand 
me  therefore  I  beseech  you  rightly  that  my  ambition  is,  by  such 
occasions  whereof  his  own  capacity  will  take  hold,  within  the  com- 
pass of  my  employment,  to  prepare  him  a  little  for  your  service  at 
home.  And  so  let  this  end  in  your  love,  myself  ever  remaining, 
Your  willing  servant  of  long  devotion, 

Henry  Wotton. 


335.    To  Sir  Robert  Naunton(?). 

Eton  MS.,  holograph,  extract,  Fox.  Club,  p.  236.  No  address,  but  probably 
to  Naunton,  as  the  letters  to  him  are  preserved  at  Eton,  those  to  Calvert 
being  in  the  Record  Office.  The  arrival  of  Walter  Waller  and  De 
Sigonie  at  Prague  ;  the  advance  on  Prague  of  the  Imperial  army. 

Vienna,  *\  of  October,  1620. 
Right  Honourable, 

At  last  we  understand  from  Prage  the  safe,  though  late,  arrival 
there  of  those  gentlemen  whom  the  French  ambassadors  and  myself 
did  jointly  dispatch  thither  full  five  weeks  since ;  who,  when  they 
had  passed  the  Emperor's  army  (which  they  thought  the  worst)  were 
at  Tabor  arrested  some  days,  their  letters  there  taken  from  thei 
and  sent  before  themselves  to  the  Court,  which  coming  to  Sir  Fr. 
Nethersole's  hands,   he  hath  forborne  to  negotiate  upon  them  til] 
the   coming   of  his   Majesty's  ambassadors,  especially  standing   ii 
daily  expectation  of  their  arrival.     This  was  the  cause  of  the  delay 
but  now  we  quickly  hope  to  receive  knowledge  from  thence  whethei 
the   'Crowned   Elector'  (for  I  think  that   title  I   may  safely  giv< 
him  *)  will  treat  or  no  ;  nay,  whether  he  may  treat  without  precedent 
permission  both  of  the  Bohemian  States,  and  of  their  confederates 
and  likewise  whether  anything  be  well  tasted  in  that  form  of  accorc 
which  we  represented  from  hence,  whereof  particular  accompt  was 

1  As  James  I  never  acknowledged  the  right  of  the  Elector  Palatine  to  the  throne 
of  Bohemia,  or  allowed  him  the  title  of  King,  the  ambassadors  of  the  English 
King  were  much  embarrassed  to  know  how  to  name  or  address  him.  They 
generally  got  out  of  the  difficulty  by  calling  him  '  His  Majesty's  son-in-law ',  but 
this  would  not  serve  when  they  addressed  letters  to  him,  or  his  wife,  as  Wotton 
did  at  this  time.  Wotton's  letters  have  not  been  preserved,  but  on  Oct.  14,  0.  S., 
Walter  Balcanquhall,  then  English  chaplain  at  Prague,  wrote,  '  Both  the  King 
and  Queen  seem  to  be  much  offended  with  Sir  Henry  Wotton,  not  only  because 
of  this  which  he  adviseth  them  to,  but  likewise  because  the  inscription  of  his 
private  letters  to  them  give  them  but  the  title  of  Prince  and  Princess  Palatine  ; 
and  his  letter  to  the  Queen  he  beginneth  thus,  "  May  it  please  your  Majesty  (but 
with  a  solemn  protestation  that  I  give  you  this  title  not  as  an  ambassador).'" 
(S.  P.  Ger.  States,  Oct.  14.) 


TO  SIB     ROBERT   tfAUNTON  (?)  195 

-iv.n  his  Majesty  by  Henry  Balam.  by  whom  I  sent  the  copy  of  my 
letter  that  went  to  Prage  \  .  .  . 

We  say  here  that  the  Imperial  army  is  at  the  present  some  eight 
or  ten  Dutch  miles  from  Prage,  and  the  Elector  personally  in  the 
field  ;  but  those  things  you  have  from  better  commentaries.  If  it  be 
as  wet  weather  there  as  it  hath  been  lately  here,  they  will  swim 
shortly  in  their  trenches ;  and  then  perhaps  we  shall  obtain  the 
remitting  of  this  great  business  to  Regensbourg,  or  some  other 
well-chosen  seat,  there  to  be  handled  by  the  ambassadors  of  German 
princes  and  of  foreign  kings. 

336.     To  . 

BeJiq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  515,  no  address  or  signature,  dated  Octob.,  1620 ;  probably 
Oct.  31,  0.  S.,  as  on  Nov..  1st,  0.  S.,  Wotton  sent  the  same  news  to 
Naunton.  The  return  of  De  Sigonie  from  Prague  ;  rumours  of  a  great 
hnttle. 

Octob.  <31?>  1620  <0.  S.) 

Amico  Veteri  s.  p. 

Accepi  quas  ad  me  Wormatia  dederas  Octobris  10,  quibus  effusius 
respondebo  per  unum  ex  meis  quern  isthac  in  Angliam  destinavi 
intra  triduum. 

Iamdiu  scis  legatos  Gallicos  et  me  simul  singulos  nobiles 
utriusque  nationis  cum  totidem  famulis  in  Bohemiam  ablegasse, 
ad  explorandam  Coronati  Electoris  mentem  super  eadem  fere  con- 
cord iae  formula,  quam  ipsemet  mihi  Stutgardae  inieceras,  quamque 
commemorati  legati,  credo,  etiam  hauserant  ex  eodem  fonte.  Ex 
nostris  nobilibus  Gallus,  nomine  Sigonius,  solus  rediit:  is  Anglum 
in  oppidulo  Austriae  superioris  (quod  Freystadt  vocant)  reliquit  sub 
potestate  morbi.  Duo  famuli  Pragae  periere  ex  febre  Hungarica, 
quae  perexiguo  intervallo  distat  a  peste :  literae  intactae  pervenerunt, 
per  quas  incipio  coniectare  quam  operosa  res  sit  circa  quam  sudamus. 

1  See  ante,  ii,  p.  191  n.  3.  The  proposed  settlement  was  by  no  means  '  well  tasted' 
at  Prague,  Balcanquhall  (in  the  letter  cited  above)  said  it  was  thought  ridiculous 
there  ;  and  on  Sept.  20,  O.S.,  the  King  of  Bohemia  (who  still  hoped  for  victory  in 
arms)  replied  that  Wotton  seemed  ignorant  of  the  real  state  of  affairs,  which 
had  changed  since  Spinola's  invasion  of  the  Palatinate.  The  plan  of  remitting 
Ehe  dispute  to  a  diet  was  'medicine  after  death',  and  moreover  Bohemia  was 
out  of  the  jurisdiction  of  the  diet  and  the  Empire.  (S.  P.  Ger.  States,  Sept.  20.) 
The  two  English  ambassadors,  Conway  and  Weston,  arrived  at  Prague  on  Oct.  9 
after  a  long  delay  at  Dresden,  where  the  Elector  of  Saxony  had  kept  them 
waiting.  On  Oct.  18  they  wrote  to  Wotton  (Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  512)  that 
although  the  King  of  England's  '  son-in-law  '  was  willing  to  enter  into  a  treaty, 
if  a  truce  could  be  obtained,  yet  he  was  absolutely  unwilling  to  give  up 
Bohemia.  They,  therefore,  suggested  that  the  Emperor  should  allow  him  to 
keep  the  kingdom,  accepting  a  yearly  sum,  to  be  fixed  by  arbitrators,  in 
compensation  for  his  claims.  Such  a  proposal  would,  of  course,  have  been 
utterly  unacceptable  to  the  Emperor,  then  on  the  eve  of  his  great  victory. 

O  2 


196  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

Nemo  te  melius  novit  quantulum  legati  valeant  in  turbatis  tem- 
poribus.  Igitur  recte  videris  exuto  civili  munere  militari  subiisse. 
Utcunque,  bene  speramus  ;  et  de  eventu,  qualiscunque  demum  merit, 
te  faciam  brevi  certiorem.  Interim  hoc  scias  velim  natos  hie 
rumores  per  omnium  ora  de  magna  Bohemorum  strage,  super  Sigonii 
Galli  reditu,  tanquam  ipse  id  attulisset :  quod  profecto  in  hac  aula 
est  familiaris  ludus.  Somniant  quae  volunt ;  et  cuicunque  ex  castris 
advenienti  aliquid  affingunt ;  praecipue  paulo  ante  Mercurii  aut 
Sabbati  diem,  quo  hinc  cursores  in  omnes  oras  avolant  ;  quia  falsa 
impressio  interdum  causa  est  magnorum  motuum. 


337.    To  Sir  Robert  Naunton. 

Eton  MS.,  holograph,  Box.  Club,  p.  246.  In  this  letter  (written  ten  days 
after  the  battle  of  the  Weissenberg,  or  White  Mountain)  Wotton  writes 
of  his  negotiations,  and  the  arrival  at  Vienna  of  rumours  of  the  fall  of 
Prague. 

Vienna,  this  ,%  of  November,  1620. 
Right  Honourable, 

I  have  this  week  received  your  letter  of  the  30th  of  September,1 
and  therein  the  duplicate  of  a  former  of  the  23rd  of  the  same 
month,  which  seems  to  have  failed  on  the  way,  and  maketh  me 
likewise  doubt  the  fortunes  of  some  of  mine  that  have  been  weekly 
written.2 

I  had  audience  with  the  Emperor  but  one  day  before  the  receipt 
of  these  from  you,  touching  our  joint  dispatch  to  Prage,  and  th< 
return  that  we  have  had  from  thence,  among  which  things  I  sprinkle< 
some  complaint  about  the  invasion  of  the  Palatinate,  intending  t< 
sound  whether  it  were  either  done  by  his  appointment,  or  continue< 
by  his  approbation  ;  but  your  said  letters  giving  me  larger  authority, 
I  have  demanded  audience  again,  which  I  shall  have  to-morrow.  In 
the  meanwhile  I  have  been  at  two  consultations  with  the  French 
ambassadors,  the  first  in  mine  own  lodging,  the  other  in  the 
Duke's,  where  they  came  together  ;  and  at  a  single  debatement  myself 
with  the  Spanish  ambassador,  between  whom  and  them  I  am  the 
medium.     For  upon  the  punctuality  which   I   signified  by  Balam 

1  This  duplicate  of  Naunton's  letter  to  Wotton  is  printed  in  the  Reliquiae, 
3rd  ed.,  p.  508.  Naunton  says  that  the  King  has  ordered  him  to  say  that  he 
is  thoroughly  satisfied  with  the  ambassador's  '  good  endeavours  *  with  the 
Emperor,  and  that  he  was  to  deal  with  him  in  such  a  manner  as  should  proven 
him  from  publishing  too  hastily  the  bann  against  the  Palatinate. 

2  On  Oct.  25,  O.S.,  Wotton  wrote  to  Naunton  of  the  return  of  the  three  French 
ambassadors,  who  had  gone  to  Pressburg  to  try  to  induce  Bethlen  Gabor,  the 
Prince  of  Transylvania,  and  elected  King  of  Hungary  (then  in  arms  against  the 
Emperor),  to  enter  into  negotiations  for  peace.     (Rox.  Club,  p.  239.) 


TO   SIR  ROBERT  NAUNTON  V.)7 

they  never  intervisit.1  Of  all  which,  as  likewise  of  the  answer  that 
I  shall  draw  from  the  Emperor,  his  Majesty  shall  have  knowledge 
by  an  express  messenger. 

I  am  conceiving  an  address  to  the  Duke  of  Bavaria,  according  to 
MS  Majesty's  direction.  In  my  last  I  wrote  that  Vacia  (alias 
Waetsen),  lying  on  a  branch  of  the  Danubie  which  maketh  an  island 
between  Gran  and  Buda,  was  taken  by  the  Turk,  which,  besides 
other  commodities,  doth  give  him  (as  they  say)  a  passage  to  the 
mineral  towns,  the  most  attractive  object  of  that  kingdom.  This 
1  must  now  confirm,  and  withal  news  is  come  from  Constantinople, 
by  express  letters  from  Caesare  Gallo,  the  Emperor's  ambassador 
there,  of  '  greater  preparations  in  the  Levant  than  have  been  since 
the  days  of  Soliman,  in  voice  against  Polonia,  but  in  likelihood '  (as 
he  intimateth)  '  against  Hungaria,  and  so  forward.'  All  which  I  am 
apt  to  believe,  though  many  things  here  be  composed  at  pleasure. 
For  if  this  were  artificial,  it  must  only  be  cast  abroad  to  strike  some 
doubt  into  Bethlem  Gabor,  who  lies  nearer  the  truth  than  the 
Emperor  himself,  and  perchance  hath  as  good  commentaries  in  those 
parts. 

Now,  while  we  stood  thus  in  a  posture  of  affairs  (as  both  the 
French  ambassadors  and  myself  did  conceive)  very  favourable 
towards  our  common  scope,  we  are  surprised  with  the  noise  of  the 
taking  of  Prage,  defeats  of  regiments,  deaths  of  colonels,  seizure  of 
the  castle,  retirements  of  the  Princess  and  Elector  towards  Silesia, 
and  the  like,  which  hath  been  sent  hither  by  Slabada  and  Meshanski 2 
from  Passawe,  where  they  lie  like  lieger-intelligencers  for  the 
Emperor,  holding  practice  by  letter  with  some  of  their  inward  party 
in  Bohemia.  This  fight  (upon  which  the  rest  should  ensue)  is  said 
to  have  been  on  the  eighth  of  the  present  month,  stilo  novo,  since 
when  are  run  ten  days.  And  yet  to  this  hour  no  gentleman  or 
courier  hath  been  expressly  dispatched  to  the  Emperor  from  thence, 
which  is  commonly  done  upon  slighter  jollities.  So  as  what  I  should 
think  I  less  know  than  what  I  wish.     Some  part  of  it  I  am  tempted 

1  In  his  dispatch  of  Sept.  7  Wotton  explains  the  cause  of  this  quarrel.  When 
the  French  ambassadors  arrived,  the  Conde  d'Ogniate,  the  Spanish  ambassador, 
sent  his  secretary  in  the  morning  after  their  first  audience  to  ask  if  he  might 
call  that  afternoon.  They  begged  to  be  excused,  as  they  were  busy  writing 
their  dispatches.  The  excuse  was  accepted,  but  because  they  did  not  send  of 
their  own  accord  to  say  when  they  would  be  at  leisure,  the  Spaniard  was 
insulted,  and  never  called  at  all.  Though  the  Spaniards  and  French  lived 
near  <  ach  other  for  seven  weeks  they  could  not  communicate,  until  Wotton 
•arrived  to  act  as  intermediary.  (Rox.  Club,  p.  215.)  The  Duke  mentioned  above 
is  the  Due  d'Angouleme. 

1  '  Both  defenestrated  at  Prague,  and  their  messenger,  a  kind  of  notary, 
likewise  banished.'  Note  of  Wotton's  in  margin.  The  names  of  the  men 
'defenestrated '  at  Prague  (May  23,  1618)  are  generally  given  as  Martinitz  and 
ita,  with  Fabricius  their  secretary. 


198  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

to  believe  by  the  generalness  of  the  rumour ;  and,  besides,  because 
from  Snath  in  Moravia  a  letter  of  the  12th  of  this  month  doth  say 
that  noise  was  arrived  there  of  an  encounter  between  the  armies, 
with  loss  of  some  principals  on  each  side.  But  I  am  willing  to 
persuade -myself  that  it  will  prove  a  thing  multiplied  and  magnified 
beyond  the  truth,  alia  solita.  And  so,  till  I  can  speak  out  of  better 
tablets,  I  will  not  farther  disquiet  either  his  Majesty's  thoughts  or 
mine  own.  My  express  dispatch  shall  bring  both  the  certain  of  this 
and  the  hope  or  desperation  of  the  rest. 

And  so  I  remain, 

Your  Honour's  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

I  have  kept  this  letter  from  sealing  till  the  very  point  of  the 
ordinary  courier's  departure,  and  yet  no  express  messenger  is  come 
to  the  Emperor  from  Bohemia. 

338.    To  Sir  Robert  Naunton  (?). 

S.   P.   Ger.   Emp.t   holograph.     Almost  certainly  to  Naunton,  as  Wotton 
mentions  his  previous  letter  to  him  of  Nov.  ^.     The  address  '  My  Lord 
and  the  use  of  '  your  Lordship '  are  probably  slips  of  the  pen.     No  certain 
news  in  Vienna  of  the  battle  at  Prague. 


Vienna,  the  £#  of  November,  1620. 
My  Loed, 


This  is  extra  ordinem  by  the  fast  post  of  Nuremberg,  having  four 
days  since  written  to  your  Lordship  by  the  courier  of  Augusta, 
with  recommendation  of  my  letter  to  Signor  Gio.  Giorgi 
Flechammer1  there,  a  courteous  merchant  well  known  unto  you 
The  end  of  the  present  is  but  to  tell  you  that,  though  this  be  the 
fifteenth  day  since  the  date  of  that  victory  in  Bohemia,  which  hath 
filled  all  this  Court  and  town  with  jollity,  yet  to  this  hour  hath  the 
Emperor  received  no  confirmation  thereof,  by  any  direct  address  of 
either  gentleman  or  courier,  which  commonly  fly  hither  upon  slighter 
occasions,  and  might  now  be  more  justly  expected,  after  such 
a  mortality  of  colonels  on  both  sides  as  is  voiced,  if  it  were  but  to 
beg  vacant  places,  or  at  least  some  confiscable 2  possessions.  To  which 
I  must  add  that  the  Emperor,  some  three  weeks  since,  upon  hearing 
that  his  army  drew  towards  the  capital  town,  sent  a  gentleman 
thither  of  his  own  chamber  purposely  that  he  might  have  fresh 
advertisement  upon  any  notable  accident ;   which  gentleman  doth 

1  A  relative  no  doubt  of  the  John  Christopher  Fleckamer  or  Flechammer  of 
Augsburg,  in  whose  album  Wotton,  in  1604,  wrote  his  famous  definition  of  an 
ambassador  (ante,  ii,  p.  10). 

2  '  Confiscable,'  liable  to  confiscation.     First  instance  in  N.  E.  D.,  1730. 


TO    SIR   ROBERT  NAUNTON  (?)  191) 

not  yet  compear1,  though  the  way,  upon  their  own  suppositions,  l>o 
laid  open  by  conquest,  and  the  journey  not  above  thirty  hour-  by 
a  man  of  reasonable  haste. 

Yet  doth  the  noise  continue  here  by  the  facility  of  the  first 
believers,  who  maintain  their  own  lightness.  I  would  be  loth  to  be 
too  ingenuous 2  in  the  collection  of  circumstances  to  discredit  all  this 
news,  for  fear  that  some  part  of  it  should  be  true  ;  otherwise  I  would 
tell  your  Lordship  again  and  again,  as  I  did  before,  that  the  first 
authors  of  this  report  are  enough  of  themselves  to  discredit  the 
whole.  For  it  came  from  Slabada  and  Messhanski  (as  I  wrote),  two 
of  the  defenestrated  men,  who  lie  at  Passawe  as  lieger-intelligencers, 
fingentes  credetitcsque.3  Be  it  how  it  will,  I  will  be  bold  to  say  that, 
though  it  be  true,  yet,  all  things  considered,  we  shall  have  the 
greater  glory  that  do  not  believe  it. 

I  have  not  yet  mine  answer  from  the  Emperor  upon  the  declara- 
tion of  his  Majesty's  just  and  royal  resolution  to  vindicate  the 
Palatinates  from  all  violent  hands,1  which,  when  I  receive,  your 
Lordship  shall  hear  how  handsomely  it  can  be  excused  or  justified. 

God  send  us  a  cheerful  meeting  in  our  own  quiet  home. 

Your  Lordship's  obedient  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

339.    To  Sir  Robert  Naunton. 

Eton  MS.,  dictated,  extract,  Rox.  Club,  p.  249.     News  at  Vienna 
of  the  fall  of  Prague. 

From  Vienna,  the  |f  of  November,  1620. 
Right  Honourable, 

I  had  indeed  many  times  observed,  since  my  coming  hither, 
that  the  Emperor  was  one  of  the  last  acquainted  with  any  of  his  own 
inconveniences  ;  but  yet  I  thought  his  good  fortunes  had  made  more 
haste  to  his  ears  than  I  now  perceive,  for  Prague  was  twelve  days 
taken  before  he  had  any  certain  knowledge  thereof.  At  last  is  come 
the  Count  de  Bie,  brother-in-law  to  Bucquoij 8,  with  the  whole 
delation.      And   this   very   morning   the   Emperor   is   gone   in   an 

1  •  Compear,'  to  appear.     Obs.     {N.  E.  1>.) 
'Ingenuous,'   frequently   misused    in    seventeenth   century   for   ingenious. 
(V.  E.  D.)  3  '  Fingentibus  credentibusque  \     (Tac.  Hist.  ii.  8.) 

4  James  I,  roused  by  the  invasion  of  the  Palatinate  to  a  momentary  display  of 
vigour  and  indignation,  wrote  to  the  Princes  of  the  Union  (Sept.  29,  0.  S.) 
declaring  that  he  would  defend  the  Palatinate,  the  inheritance  of  his  grand- 
children, while  remaining  neutral  as  far  as  Bohemia  was  concerned.  The  next 
day  he  made  a  public  declaration  before  the  Council  to  this  effect,  qualified, 
however,  by  the  condition  that  if  the  Elector  Palatine  expected  aid,  he  must 
listen  to  the  advice  of  the  English  ambassadors  at  Prague,  and  give  up  his 
claim  to  the  crown  of  Bohemia.     {Gardiner,  iii,  pp.  372,  373.^ 

■  Count  Bucquoi,  commander  of  the  Imperialist  army  in  Bohemia,  defeated 
and  killed  by  the  Hungarians  under  Bethlen  Gabor  July  10,  1621. 


200  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

eucharistical  procession  to  the  cathedral  church,  accompanied  with 
all  the  public  Ministers,  save  the  French  and  Savoy  ambassadors 
and  the  Venetian  agent ;  for  I  may  spare  the  excepting  of  myself. 

Now  for  the  report  of  this  action,  as  it  is  here  delivered,  and  the 
commentaries  that  are  made  upon  it,  both  by  soldiers  and  politiques, 
I  shall  represent  all  that  unto  his  Majesty  by  an  express  dispatch 
suspended  till  the  beginning  of  the  next  week.1 

340.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ger.  Etnp.,  holograph.    The  fall  of  Prague  ;  Wotton  preparing 
for  his  departure  for  Venice. 

From  Vienna,  16th  of  December,  1620. 
Style  of  England. 
Right  Honourable, 

In  the  room  of  Mr.  Braynthwayte,  let  the  bearer  of  this  bring 
you  many  hearty  thanks  for  the  kind  letter  wherewith  it  pleased  you 
to  honour  me.  If  mine  own  lines  of  some  weeks  since  have  not 
failed,  you  know  the  reason  why  I  retain  your  kinsman,  about  whom 
I  have  now  adventured  to  write  unto  my  noble  sister,  with  whose 
grief  I  durst  not  wrestle  in  the  beginning,  for  her  affections  are 
strong,  and  she  loved  that  soul  which  is  in  heaven,  not  only  as 
a  sister,  but  indeed  as  a  mother,  as  she  had  entitled  herself  unto  him 
by  his  education.  I  hope  neither  she  nor  my  Lord  Wharton  will  be 
offended  at  Mr.  Braynthwayte's  stay,  whose  return  would  have  been 
nothing  but  a  visible  motive  of  new  sorrow.  And  more  I  shall  not 
need  to  say  of  this  matter. 

By  my  letter  to  the  King,  your  Honour  will  see  how  controversies 
are  more  easily  decided  by  fortune  than  by  treaty  ;  yet  let  not  the 
Jesuits  make  that  their  text  which  was  only  the  gospel  of  a  poet : 
Yictrix  causa  Deo  placuit*  for  the  all-distinguishing  eye  might  per- 
adventure  be  displeased  with  some  affections  in  the  business  more 
than  with  the  business  itself.  Sir,  I  beseech  you  give  me  leave  to 
utter  my  conceit,  though  without  application  to  persons,  because 
they  are  too  great,  and  by  veneration  redeemed  from  censure. 
Methinks  this  whole  quarrel  hath  been  like  the  disputation  between 
Job  and  his  friends,  whereof  the  divines  note  that  one  side  did  carry 
a  good  cause  ill,  and  the  other  an  ill  cause  well. 

1  Wotton's  reason  for  suspending  this  dispatch  was  the  departure  of 
De  Preaux,  one  of  the  French  ambassadors,  into  Hungary  to  see  Bethlen  Gabor, 
and  find  out  whether  he  intended  to  treat  separately  with  the  Emperor  for 
peace,  or  would  join  with  the  Bohemians  in  a  general  treaty.  If  there  was  to 
be  a  general  treaty  Wotton  would  remain  in  Vienna,  otherwise  he  intended  to 
depart  for  Venice.     (Rox.  Club,  p.  251.) 

2  '  Victrix  causa  deis  placuit,  sed  victa  Catoni.'     (Lucan,  Phars.  i.  128.) 


TO  SIR  GEORGE  CALVERT        201 

I  am  now  preparing  for  Venice,  mine  old  seat,  whence  1  will  be 
bold  to  send  you  news,  and  then  as  a  long  devoted  servant  some 
familiar  domestic  things— Parmesan,  glasses,  olives,  and  such  poor 
tokens  quaefert  noster  agellusS 

In  the  meanwhile  I  beg  the  continuance  of  your  love,  and  the 
particular  favour  to  tell  me,  by  the  return  of  this  bearer,  how  his 
Majesty  hath  accepted  the  present  dispatch,  which  I  know  will  pass 
through  your  friendly  hands  as  all  the  former. 

And  so  I  humbly,  at  your  Honour's  command, 

Henry  Wotton. 


341.    To  James  I. 

8.  I'.  Ger.  Emp.,  dictated,  extract,  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  523.     De  Preaux's 
journey  to  Hungary.     Wotton's  negotiations  with  the  Emperor,  &c. 

Vienna,  i§  of  December,  1620. 

To  his  most  sacred  Majesty, 

Although  I  had  from  your  Majesty  a  power  in  my  instructions 
to  depart  hence  to  my  other  employment,  as  soon  as  this  controversy 
should  be  decided,  either  by  treaty  or  by  fortune,  yet  I  have  stayed 
here  a  month  and  a  half  after  the  battle,  that  I  might  view  the  final 
resolutions,  whereof  I  shall  now  render  your  Majesty  an  accompt, 
which  I  am  bound  to  begin  with  my  humblest  thanks  for  your 
benign  approbation  of  my  poor  endeavours,  as  I  have  understood 
from  both  your  Secretaries,  wherein  I  see  that  your  Majesty  is  still 
pleased,  by  the  excellency  of  your  nature,  and  by  the  indulgency  of 
your  judgement,  to  accept  honest  zeal  for  discretion  in  your  own 
creature.  Serving  therefore  so  good  and  so  gracious  a  master,  I  will 
proceed  cheerfully  to  the  discharge  of  the  rest,  as  the  affairs  stand. 

By  my  last  to  Mr.  Secretary  Naunton,  your  Majesty  understood 
the  cause  of  Mons.  de  Preaux  his  going  into  Hungary.  And  by  this 
you  may  expect  the  fruit  of  his  journey. 

There  arriving  after  news  of  the  defeat  before  Prague,  he  found 
much  alteration  in  their  faces  and  much  altercation  in  their  councils, 
among  which  he  was  once  publicly  admitted,  where  he  understood 
passion  enough,  being  the  common  language  of  nature,  but  nothing 
else  :  for  they  spoke  in  their  own  tongue.  At  last  this  was  the  con- 
clusion, that  a  gentleman  should  be  immediately  dispatched  to  the 
Elector  Palatine  (supposed  at  Preslau 2  in  Silesia)  to  understand 
whether  he  would  join  with  the  Hungarians  in  a  treaty  with  the 
Emperor.    And  in  case  of  either  delay  or  denial,  to  make  a  solemn 

ii.  31.  8  'Nil  nostri,  nisi  me,  ferunt  agelli.'  2  Breslau. 


202  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

protestation  that  they  would  provide  for  themselves.  Of  the  event 
whereof  the  Prince  of  Transylvania  undertook  by  the  15th  of 
this  month,  aut  circiter,  to  give  knowledge  hither.  I  must  profess 
unto  your  Majesty  that  I  did  little  expect  for  my  part  so  much 
formality  from  the  said  Prince  in  hoc  statu  rerum,  as  to  attend 
a  return  from  Silesia,  having  before  (as  hath  been  written)  so  closely 
begun  here  to  practise  his  own  reconcilement.  But  the  truth  is 
(and  well  he  knows  it)  that  he  may  be  heard  when  he  listeth,  by 
reason  of  the  Turk  at  his  back,  under  whose  shadow  he  will  fit l 
himself. 

Now  touching  mine  own  peculiar  duties,  for  with  Bethlem  Gabor 
and  the  Hungarians  I  have  nothing  to  do  in  single  consideration  (as 
your  Majesty's  servant)  till  we  shall  hear  whether  the  Elector,  your 
son-in-law,  and  that  kingdom  will  treat  with  the  Emperor  conjunc- 
tively or  no. 

Before  the  going  of  De  Preaux  I  had  one  only  access  to  the 
Emperor,  and  two  others  while  he  was  away. 

The  first,  after  consultation  here  with  the  French  ambassadors 
about  the  answer  which  we  had  (with  no  small  loss  of  time  and 
advantage)  so  late  received  from  Bohemia,  addressed  unto  me  by 
Sir  Francis  Nethersole  in  French,  as  it  came  to  him  from  the  camp. 

The  other  two,  touching  your  Majesty's  declaration  of  yourself  in 
the  Palatine  cause,  and  intercession  against  the  Emperor's  ban,  as 
they  call  it,  about  which  I  shall  need  to  trouble  your  Majesty  no 
further  than  with  the  perusal  of  such  marginal  notes  as  I  have  added, 
both  to  the  foresaid  French  paper,  and  to  the  Emperor's  two  answers 
in  Latin  which  come  herewith,2  and  contain  all  that  may  concern 
your  latter  directions  in  two  letters  from  Mr.  Secretary  Naunton. 
Yet  I  must  not  omit  that  between  the  second  and  third  of  these 
audiences,  I  was  visited  by  the  Baron  of  Eckenberg  (the  Emperor's 
inwardest  counsellor  and  favourite),  who  spent  an  hour  or  two  at 
1113''  lodging,  with  much  protestation  of  his  Majesty's  respect  towards 
3Tour  Majesty,  of  his  grief  that  things  were  gone  on  to  such  expense 
of  blood  ;  of  his  wishes  that  your  son-in-law  had  rather  taken  your 
Majesty's  counsel  than  the  Duke  of  Bouillon's  ;  of  his  forgiving 
nature,  of  his  desire  to  recover  only  his  own,  and  to  redeem  this 
Imperial  House  from  open  scorn. 

Lastly,  that  the  King  of  Spain  also  had  written  hither  how  glad 

1  'Fit,'  provide  or  supply  with  what  is  fit.    Obs.     (N.  E.  D.) 

2  The  two  answers  of  the  Emperor,  dated  Nov.  28  and  Dec.  4,  N.  S..  are 
printed  in  the  Reliq.  3rd  ed.,  pp.  517-21).  In  the  first  he  explains  why  the 
Palatinate  was  invaded  ;  in  the  second  he  grants,  at  Wotton's  request,  a 
temporary  suspension  of  the  ban  against  the  Elector  Palatine.  It  was  finally 
issued  on  Jam  12,  1621,  0.  S.     (Gardiner,  iv,  176.) 


TO   JAMES   T  203 

he  would  be,  that  your  Majesty  might  have  all  possible  satisfaction. 
This  was  after  the  Emperor  had  been  informed  of  hi^  raocc 
Prage,  whereunto  there  was,  as  to  all  other  fair  discourse  of  tins 
kind,  but  one  only  reply  on  my  part,  that  your  Majesty  might 
justly  promise  yourself  veiy  good  respect  here,  and  good  offices  from 
Spain,  by  the  merit  of  your  own  moderation  in  the  Bohemian  cause, 
and  by  your  Christian  endeavours  for  the  common  quiet,  with  such 
perseverance. 

I  must  not  forget  likewise  to  inform  your  Majesty,  that  myself 
visiting  here  the  Spanish  ambassador  (as  I  have  usually  done  after 
my  audiences  with  the  Emperor)  and  falling  (as  I  thought  might 
well  become  me)  into  wonder  at  Spinola's  intrusions,  enough  to 
inflame  all  Christendom,  which  your  Majesty  (measuring  other 
princes  by  the  equity  of  your  own  heart)  had  no  reason  to  expect : 
he  asked  me,  after  a  little  deliberation,  whether  the  Marquis  of 
Buckingham  were  not  a  gentleman  of  honour  ?  I  need  not  profess 
how  glad  I  was  of  such  occasion  to  do  your  Majesty's  dearest  servant 
and  mine  own  most  noble  patron  all  the  right  that  my  voice  could 
utter,  but  in  truth,  on  the  other  side,  extremely  surprised  with  so 
impertinent  a  question  to  my  discourse,  till  he  eased  me  with  the 
sight  of  a  paper  out  of  his  cabinet.  It  was  the  copy  of  a  letter 
written  by  my  Lord  Marquis  in  your  Majesty's  name  to  the  Spanish 
ambassador  residing  with  you,  wherein  your  Majesty  did  thus  far 
justify  the  Spanish  proceedings,  'as  never  to  have  made  any  promise 
that  they  would  not  assail  the  Palatinate';  whereupon  this  ambassador 
inferred  that  the  said  letter,  written  by  so  noble  a  personage  and  in 
your  Majesty's  name,1  was  a  high  discharge  for  Spain  in  the  points  of 
real  dealing.  I  replied  that  indeed  I  had  never  heard  of  any  direct 
promise  or  denial  made  about  the  matter,  but  that  your  Majesty's 
servants  employed  therein  (whereof  I  was  one  myself  to  the  Arch- 
duke Leopoldus)  did  rather  complain  of  answers  obscure  and 
ambiguous  and  very  different  from  our  plain  English  style.  This 
was  all  that  passed  between  the  Conde  d'Ogniate  and  me,  unto  which 
I  have  a  little  digressed.  .  .  . 

We  have  gotten  knowledge  that  such  a  letter  is  come  to  the 
Emperor  from  the  Duke  of  Saxonie 2  touching  the  Palatine  Elector, 
as  makes  us  conceive  he  will  use  his  mediation  rather  than  ours  ;  so 
as  I  am  preparing  towards  Venice  in  this  hard  season,  where  (as 
your  Majesty's  servant)  I  have  the  honour  to  be  much  expected  and 

1  For  this  humiliating  letter,  extorted  by  Gondomar  from  James  I,  see 
Gardiner,  iii,  p.  376. 

2  John  George  Elector  of  Saxony,  to  whom  the  Hector  Palatine  sent  Ml 
•  inbassy  before  he  left  Breslau  on  Dec.  23.      [Ibid,,  iv.  176.] 


204  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

desired,  as  I  hear  by  their  resident  in  this  place,  especially  the 
Republic  standing  in  no  small  perplexity  and  solicitude  at  the  present 
divers  ways.  There  I  shall  attend  your  Majesty's  farther  directions, 
and  leave  the  French  (as  I  found  them)  upon  this  stage,  till  they  get 
leave  to  depart,  for  which  they  have  dispatched  home  an  express 
courier,  intending  in  the  meantime  to  deal  between  the  Emperor 
and  Bethlem  Gabor. 

342.    To  Francis  Bacon,  Lokd  Verulau. 
Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  411,  3rd  ed.,  p.  298,  unsigned,  no  date,  but  evidently  written 
at  about  the  same  date  as  the  above  letter.     The  Novum  Organum  ; 
Kepler's  Camera  Obscura. 

(Vienna,  Dec.  19  ?  1620,  0.  S.) 

Right  Honourable,  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

I  have  your  Lordship's  letters  dated  the  20th  of  October,'  and 
I  have  withal  by  the  care  of  my  cousin,  Mr.  Thomas  Meawtis 2,  and 
by  your  own  special  favour,  three  copies  of  that  work,  wherewith 
your  Lordship  hath  done  a  great  and  ever-living  benefit  to  all  the 
children  of  nature ;  and  to  nature  herself,  in  her  uttermost  extent 
and  latitude,  who  never  before  had  so  noble  nor  so  true  an 
interpreter,  or  (as  I  am  readier  to  style  your  Lordship)  never  so 
inward  a  secretary  of  her  cabinet.  But  of  your  said  work  (which 
came  but  this  week  to  my  hands)  I  shall  find  occasion  to  speak  more 
hereafter ;  having  yet  read  only  the  first  book  thereof,  and  a  few 
aphorisms  of  the  second.  For  it  is  not  a  banquet  that  men  may 
superficially  taste,  and  put  up  the  rest  in  their  pockets,  but  in 
truth,  a  solid  feast,  which  requireth  due  mastication.  Therefore 
when  I  have  once  myself  pursued  the  whole,  I  determine  to  have  it 
read  piece  by  piece  at  certain  hours  in  my  domestic  college,  as  an 
ancient  author.  For  I  have  learned  thus  much  by  it  already,  that 
we  are  extremely  mistaken  in  the  computation  of  antiquity,  by 
searching  it  backwards,   because  indeed  the  first  times   were   the 

1  Bacon's  letter  to  Wotton,  sending  him  three  copies  of  the  Novum  Organum 
.published  1620)  is  printed  in  the  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  297. 

My  very  good  Cousin, 

Your  letter  which  I  received  from  your  Lordship  upon  your  going  to  sea. 
was  more  than  a  compensation  for  any  former  omission  ;  and  I  shall  be  very 
glad  to  entertain  a  correspondence  with  you  in  both  kinds,  which  you  writ  of : 
for  the  latter  whereof  I  am  now  ready  for  you,  having  sent  you  some  ore  of 
that  mine.  I  thank  you  for  your  favours  to  Mr.  Mewtus,  and  I  pray  continue 
the  same.  So  wishing  you  out  of  that  honourable  exile,  and  placed  in  a  better 
orb,  I  ever  rest, 

Your  Lordship's  affectionate  kinsman,  and  assured  friend, 

Fr.  Verulam  Canc. 
York  House, 
Octob.  20,  1620. 

2  (Sir)  Thomas  Meautys,  third  son  of  Henry  Meautys ;  knighted  1641, 
married  Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  Nathaniel  Bacon.  (Correspondence  of  Jane,  Lady 
Cornicallis,  xxv,  vi.^ 


TO   FRANCIS    BACON,    LORD    VTSRULAM  205 

youngest ;  especially  in  points  of  natural  discovery  and  experience.1 
For  though  I  grant  that  Adam  knew  the  natures  of  all  beasts,  and 
Solomon  of  all  plants,  not  only  more  than  any,  but  more  than  all 
since  their  time  ;  yet  that  was  by  divine  infusion,  and  therefore  they 
did  not  need  any  such  Organum  as  your  Lordship  hath  now  delivered 
to  the  world  ;  nor  we  neither,  if  they  had  left  us  the  memories  of 
their  wisdom. 

But  I  am  gone  further  than  I  meant  in  speaking  of  this  excellent 
labour,  while  the  delight  yet  I  feel,  and  even  the  pride  that  I  take 
in  a  certain  congeniality 2  (as  I  may  term  it)  with  your  Lordship's 
studies,  will  scant  let  me  cease.  And  indeed  I  owe  your  Lordship 
even  by  promise  (which  you  are  pleased  to  remember,  thereby 
doubly  binding  me)  some  trouble  this  way;  I  mean,  by  the  com- 
merce of  philosophical  experiments,  which  surely,  of  all  other,  is  the 
most  ingenuous  traffic.  Therefore,  for  a  beginning,  let  me  tell  your 
Lordship  a  pretty  thing  which  I  saw  coming  down  the  Danuby, 
though  more  remarkable  for  the  application  than  for  the  theory. 
I  lay  a  night  at  Lintz,  the  metropolis  of  the  higher  Austria,  but  then 
in  very  low  estate,  having  been  newly  taken  by  the  Duke  of 
Bavaria,3  who,  blancliente  fortuna,  was  gone  on  to  the  late  effects. 
There  I  found  Keplar,4  a  man  famous  in  the  sciences,  as  your 
Lordship  knows,  to  whom  I  purpose  to  convey  from  hence  one  of 
your  books,  that  he  may  see  we  have  some  of  our  own  that  can 
honour  our  King,  as  well  as  he  hath  done  with  his  Harmonica5.  In 
this  man's  study  I  was  much  taken  with  the  draft  of  a  landscape 
on  a  piece  of  paper,  methought  masterly  done :  whereof  inquiring 
the  author,  he  bewrayed  with  a  smile  it  was  himself;  adding,  he 
had  done  it  non  tanquam  pictor,  sed  tanquam  mathematicus.     This  set 

1  '  Ilia  enim  aetas,  respectu  nostri,  antiqua  et  maior  ;  respectu  mundi  ipsius, 
nova  et  minor  fuit.'     (Nov.  Org.  i.  84.) 

2  'Congeniality'  is  a  word  of  Wotton's  invention,  and  he  uses  it  again  in  the 
Elements  of  Architecture  (Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  53),  the  next  use  of  it  noticed  in  the 
N.  E.  D.  is  in  Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson,  1791. 

3  Maximilian  of  Bavaria  invaded  upper  Austria,  then  in  revolt  against  the 
Emperor,  and  on  July  25  he  was  at  Lintz,  where  the  Austrian  nobles  submitted 
themselves  to  him.  (Gardiner,  iii,  p.  367.)  Wotton  passed  through  Lintz  on  his 
way  from  Augsburg  to  Vienna. 

4  On  Aug.  29,  1620,  Kepler  wrote  to  his  friend  Bemegger :  <  111.  D.  Wotonii 
non  minor  erga  me  humanitas  in  visitando  fuit ;  doluit  praeproperus  eius 
t  ransitus.  Hortatur  ut  in  Angliam  transeam.  Mihi  tamen  haec  altera  mea  patria 
propter  ignominiam  istam,  quam  sustinet,  deserenda  non  est  altro,  nisi  velim 
pgratua  haberi.'  In  another  letter  he  returns  to  the  subject  of  Wotton's 
invitation:  '  Flagrare  vides  incendium  belli  civilis  in  Germania,  vincere  eos, 
a  quorum  stat  partibus  decus  imperii,  corripi  proxima,  grassari  flammam.  An 
igitur  mare  transibo,  quo  me  vocat  Wotonus  ?  Ego  Germanus?  Continentis 
amans,  insulae  angustias  horrens?  Periculorum  eius  praesagus  ?  Uxorculam 
trahens  et  gregem  liberorum?'  (Kepleri  Opera,  Ch.  Frisch,  1870,  vol.  viii, 
pp.  874,  967  ;  cited  by  Rev.  W.  C.  Green,  Antiquary,  March,  1899.) 

5  Kepler's  Harmonica  ;1619)  was  dedicated  to  James  I. 


206  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

me  on  fire.  At  last  he  told  me  how.  He  hath  a  little  black  tent 
(of  what  stuff  is  not  much  importing)  which  he  can  suddenly  set  up 
where  he  will  in  a  field,  and  it  is  convertible  (like  a  windmill)  to  all 
quarters  at  pleasure,  capable  of  not  much  more  than  one  man,  as 
I  conceive,  and  perhaps  at  no  great  ease ;  exactly  close  and  dark, 
save  at  one  hole,  about  an  inch  and  a  half  in  the  diameter,  to  which 
he  applies  a  long  perspective  trunk,  with  a  convex  glass  fitted  to  the 
said  hole,  and  the  concave  taken  out  at  the  other  end,  which 
extendeth  to  about  the  middle  of  this  erected  tent,  through  which 
the  visible  radiations  of  all  the  objects  without  are  intromitted, 
falling  upon  a  paper,  which  is  accommodated  to  receive  them  ;  and  so 
he  traceth  them  with  his  pen  in  their  natural  appearance,  turning 
his  little  tent  round  by  degrees,  till  he  hath  designed  the  whole 
aspect  of  the  field.  This  I  have  described  to  your  Lordship,  because 
I  think  there  might  be  good  use  made  of  it  for  chorography :  for 
otherwise,  to  make  landscapes  by  it  were  illiberal,  though  surely  no 
painter  can  do  them  so  precisely.  Now  from  these  artificial  and 
natural  curiosities,  let  me  a  little  direct  your  Lordship  to  the 
contemplation  of  fortune. 

Here,  by  a  slight  battle  full  of  miserable  errors  (if  I  had  leisure 
to  set  them  down)  all  is  reduced,  or  near  the  point.  In  the  provinces 
there  is  nothing  but  of  fluctuation  and  submission,  the  ordinary 
consequences  of  victory ;  wherein  the  triumphs  of  the  field  do  not 
so  much  vex  my  soul,  as  the  triumphs  of  the  pulpit.  For  what 
noise  will  now  the  Jesuit  disseminate  more  in  every  corner,  than 
victrix  causa  Deo  placuit ;  which  yet  was  but  the  gospel  of  a  poet. 
No,  my  Lord,  when  I  revolve  what  great  things  Zisca  did  in  the 
first  troubles  of  his  country,  that  were  grounded  upon  conscience, 
I  am  tempted  to  believe  the  all-distinguishing  eye  hath  been  more 
displeased  with  some  human  affections  in  this  business  than  with 
the  business  itself. 

I  am  now  preparing  my  departing  toward  my  other  employment ; 
for  in  my  first  instructions  I  had  a  power  to  go  hence  when  this 
controversy  should  be  decided,  either  by  treaty,  or  by  fortune ; 
whereof  now  the  worser  means  have  perverted  the  better. 

Here  I  leave  the  French  ambassadors  upon  the  stage,  as  I  found 
them  ;  being  willing  (quod  solum  superesi)  to  deal  between  the 
Emperor  and  Bethlehem  Gabor,  with  whom  I  have  nothing  to  do,  as 
he  is  now  singled. 

Betwixt  this  and  Italy  I  purpose  to  collect  the  memorablest 
observations  that  I  have  taken  of  this  great  affair,  and  to  present 
a  copy  thereof  unto  your  Lordship's  indulgence,  not  to  your  severe 
judgement. 


TO   FRANCIS   BACON.    LORD    V ERU LAM         207 

The  present  1  cannot  end  (though  I  have  too  muefa  amiped  upon 
your  precious  time)  without  the  return  of  my  humble  thanks  onto 
your  Lordship  for  the  kind  remembrance  of  my  cousin,  Mr.  John 
Meawtis,  in  your  letter  to  me,  and  of  your  recommendation  of  him 
before  ;  being  a  gentleman,  in  truth  of  sweet  conditions  and  strong 
abilities.  I  shall  now  transport  him  over  the  Alpes,  where  we  will 
both  serve  your  Lordship,  and  love  one  another.  And  so  beseeching 
God  to  bless  your  Lordship  with  long  life  and  honour,  I  humbly 
rest, 

Your  Lordship's,  etc. 


343.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  transcript.     Wotton's  arrival  in  Venice. 

From  Venice,  the  &  of  March,  1621. 

Eight  Honourable, 

Of  my  purpose  to  depart  from  Vienna,  and  to  leave  the  Emperor 
to  the  counsels  of  his  own  fortune,  I  gave  his  Majesty  knowledge  by 
my  servant,  James  Varie  \ 

Of  my  departure  itself,  of  such  important  occasion  as  moved  me 
to  go  thence  to  Bavaria,  of  my  reception  and  negotiation  for  three 
days  in  that  Court,  with  all  other  intervenient  matter,  I  wrote  from 
Innspruck  at  large,  but  being  after  a  long,  painful,  hazardous,  and 
chargeable  journey,  arrived  at  last  in  Venice ;  and  finding  here  by 
letters  from  Augusta  some  cause  to  doubt  that  my  foresaid  advertise- 
ments from  Innspruck  may  have  failed  in  the  passage,2  I  intend 
by  the  courier  of  the  next  week  to  iterate  an  accompt  of  the  whole, 
wherein  I  hope  his  Majesty  will  be  pleased  with  my  honest  endea- 
vours. 

In  the  meantime  I  am  not  a  little  cumbered  here  with  the 
furnishing  of  my  house :  such  provisions  as  should  have  come  before 
me  by  sea  being  not  yet  arrived,  till  when  I  must  live  at  the  mercy 
of  Jews. 

I  shall  not  have  my  first  audience  yet  in  eight  days,  but  I  hear 
by  my  scouts  that  the  Senate  hath  newly  resolved  to  defer  all 
deliberations  which  they  had  in  hand,  both  with  Sir  Henry  Paiton 
and  with  Roquelaure,  the  French  colonel,  about  fresh  levies. 

1  James  Vary,  who  remained  in  Wotton's  service  after  his  appointment  to 
the  Provostship  at  Eton,  and  is  mentioned  more  than  once  in  the  letters  of  that 
period. 

1  This  dispatch  from  Innsbruck  is  not  preserved  in  the  Record  Office,  and 
probably  was  lost  on  the  way.  The  information  about  Wotton's  visit  to  Munich 
[!,  p.  175)  is  derived  from  a  letter  of  July  8,  1621.    (S.  P.  Ven.) 


208  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

First,  because  they  find  the  new  Pope1  wholly  averse  from  the 
disquieting  of  Italy :  in  summa,  di  sangue  dolce  Bolognese.  Next, 
because  from  Vienna  is  signified  but  small  likelihood  of  any  agree- 
ment between  the  Emperor  and  the  Hungarians,2  the  continuance 
of  which  division  were  to  this  country,  even  in  the  time  of  Lent, 
almost  a  second  carnival:  so  unchristian  an  art  is  perchance  civil 
wisdom,  if  it  were  well  examined.  But  of  these  things  I  shall  give 
his  Majesty  continual  advertisement  as  time  shall  change  the  prospect 
of  this  theatre  wherein  I  am  placed.  For  the  present,  with  my 
prayers  and  praise  to  Almighty  God  for  our  own  blessed  repose  at 
home  under  our  good  and  gracious  Majesty,  I  cease,  Sir,  to  trouble 
you  any  further, 

Ever  remaining  with  entire  affection  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 


344.    To  Sir  Dudley  Carleton. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph.  Wotton  writes  to  Carleton,  at  the  Hague,  of  his 
arrival  in  Venice,  his  visit  to  Munich,  the  state  of  Italy,  and  of  the  new 
Pope,  Gregory  XV. 

From  Venice,  this  £§  of  March,  1621. 
My  very  good  Lord, 

Having  left  the  Emperor  to  the  counsels  of  his  own  fortune 
(which  he  was  likeliest  to  follow),  I  am,  after  a  long,  painful,  and 
chargeable  journey  by  the  Court  of  Bavaria  and  the  Lazaretto  of 
Verona,  well  arrived  in  this  place  of  my  ordinary  residence,  through 
God's  good  blessing,  In  quo  movemur  et  sumus?  Here  I  have  been 
two  weeks  and  four  days  ;  and  yet  it  is  time  enough  to  give  your  Lord- 
ship knowledge  thereof,  before  the  State  hath  any  from  me,  whom  I 
intend  to  acquaint  to-morrow  morning,  that  on  Monday  next,  some 
two  hours  before  night,  I  shall  arrive  at  their  Island  of  St.  George 4 ; 
where  I  think  the  Cavalliere  Pietro  Contarini 8  will  be  appointed  to 
comply0  with  me,  being  newly  returned  from  Spain.     These  silent 

1  Paul  V  died  Jan.  28,  1621.  He  was  succeeded  by  Gregory  XV  (Alessandrio 
Ludovisio  of  Bologna).  The  new  Pope  was  reported  to  be  friendly  to  Venice 
and  France,  and  an  enemy  to  Spain.  Rome,  Wotton  wrote,  was  suddenly 
1  uncastiglionated ',  adding,  however,  '  These  are  the  discourses  running  here, 
which  I  have  set  down  as  they  flow,  though  with  reservation  of  mine  own 
conceit ;  having  haunted  Italy  too  many  years  to  imagine  that  a  Pope  and 
a  King  of  Spain  can  be  long  in  disjuncture.'    (S.  P.  Ven.,  March  %%,  1621.) 

2  Bethlen  Gabor,  elected  King  of  Hungary,  was  still  in  arms,  and  on  July  10, 
1621,  he  slew  Bucquoi,  the  Imperial  General,  and  forced  his  army  to  retreat. 
But  in  Jan.,  1622,  he  made  peace  with  Ferdinand  and  gave  up  his  claim  to  the 
Grown  of  Hungary.    (Coxe,  ii,  pp.  87,  88.) 

3  '  In  ipso  enim  vivimus  et  movemur  et  sumus.'    (Act.  xvii.  28.) 

4  Wotton' s  formal  arrival  was  on  March  29  (ante,  i,  p.  177). 

5  Pietro  Contarini,  ambassador  to  France,  1619.      Romanin,  vii,  p.  169. N 

6  '  Comply,'  i.  e.  to  use  compliments  or  ceremonies.    Obs.    (K.  E.  D.) 


TO   SIR   DUDLEY  CARLETON  209 

days  have  been  spent  in  the  trimming  of  my  house,  wherein  the 
rooms  of  receipt  are  so  vast  that  I  had  rather  have  rigged  one  of 
the  King's  ships.  My  going  by  the  Bavarian  Court  was  to  sound  the 
ends  of  that  Prince,  whom  I  found  swollen  with  panegyrics,  which 
the  Jesuits  did  shower  upon  him  at  his  return  from  Prague,  though 
under  the  name  of  Urbano  Bavaro  lure  Consulto  \  The  true  author 
was  Father  Kelser,  Rector  of  the  College  there  and  of  the  Dukedom. 

In  some  four  hours  discourse  with  the  Prince  at  several  times,  he 
laboured  to  persuade  me  that  no  ends  or  aims  but  mere  obedience 
to  the  Emperor  had  embarked  him  in  the  Bohemian  action,  to  the 
grief  of  his  soul.  This  was  the  external.  But  believe  me,  my  Lord, 
ixt us  Nihil  sani  In  my  passage  towards  him  I  found  all  the  upper 
Austria  garrisoned  with  his  soldiers ;  and  questionless  he  means  to 
hold  it  in  mergage 2  for  his  expenses,  as  he  hath  done  Donawerde 3. 
For  by  all  reason  he  may  be  as  bold  with  the  Emperor  as  he  hath 
been  with  the  Empire. 

When  I  came  to  Rovere,  between  Trent  and  Verona,  the  Governor 
of  that  place  made  stay  of  me  four  days,  till  he  had  sent  an  express 
courier  to  Inspruck  for  some  discretion:  both  the  authority  of  the 
whole  province  and  the  wit  belike  residing  there. 

In  the  Lazaretto  near  Verona  we  were  aired  twelve  days,  and  at 
our  entrance  found  this  oracle  on  the  wall,  Hie  Locus  ct  sepulehrum 
vivorum,  experientia  Amicorum,  et  dissipatio  honorum. 

In  those  parts  there  was  much  jealousy,  either  of  subjects  or 
neighbours ;  but  here  in  the  capital  city  I  find  their  counsels  so 
calm,  that  they  have  ceased  a  contract  which  they  had  in  hand,  both 
with  Sir  Henry  Peyton  and  Roquelaure,  about  fresh  recrews4.  For 
the  new  Pope  hath  assured  them  that  he  will  keep  storms  out  of 
Italy,  and  hath  already  denied  passage  both  to  the  Neapolitan 
cavalry  and  infantry  through  the  Ecclesiastical  State.  In  which 
humour,  if  he  persevere  without  warping,  I  shall  think  him  a  well- 
seasoned  piece  of  timber.  But  of  these  things  hereafter.  The 
present  was  but  to  give  your  Lordship  an  accompt  of  my  movings 
and  of  my  rest.  Haladetta  sia  iiaella  scttimana,  wherein  after  this 
there  shall  be  silence  between  us.     And  so  I  remain, 

Your  Lordship's  to  serve  you  cheerfully, 

Hknry  Wotton. 

I  must  give  your  Lordship  many  thanks  for  a  large  letter  received 

1  Friedenreich  Urban.  Panegyrkus .  .  .  Maximiliano  Boiorum  duci  e  hello  quo  hnperium 
pacavit . . .  revertenti . . .  dicatus,  Monachii,  1620. 

2  '  Mergage,'  obs.  form  of  mortgage. 

3  Donau worth  put  to  the  ban  of  the  Empire  in  1007  and  occupied  by 
Maximilian. 

11  Recrews,'  i.  e.  recruits.     Obs.    (N.  E.  D.) 

WOTTOH.    II  p 


210  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

here  from  you  by  the  means  of  Daniel  Nuis1,  whose  conveyance  I 
use  in  the  present  postscript.  This  veiy  morning  being,  as  your 
Lordship  knows,  the  Nuncio's  ordinary  day  of  audience,  he  hath 
surprised  the  Prince  and  College  with  the  presentation  of  a  jubilee 
from  his  master.  Some  conceive  it  is  to  win  favour  with  an  indulgent 
beginning.  For  my  part,  I  think  because  all  things  else  are  dear, 
he  means  to  make  sins  good  cheap.2 

345.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 
S.  P.  Ven.,  dictated,  extract,  postscript  holograph.     News  in  Venice  of  the 
death  of  the  King  of  Spain  ;  the  illness  of  the  Pope  ;  Scioppius  gone 
to  Rome. 

Venice,  this  ||  of  a  cold  April,  1621. 
Right  Honourable, 

The  advertisement  of  the  King  of  Spaine's  death3  came  not 
hither  by  any  direct  dispatch,  but  the  ambassador  of  the  Republic 
resident  at  Madrid,  having  gotten  sudden  knowledge  thereof,  would 
have  sent  an  extraordinary  courier,  which  being  denied  him  at  the 
post-office  (for  they  meant  to  conceal  it  some  while,  at  least  from 
us  here)  he  was  fain  to  pass  a  few  lines  under  the  French  packet, 
which  were  severed  at  Bordeaux  and  sent  hither.  Thus  we  came  to 
know  it,  and  though  it  be  written  with  circumstance  of  the  time  (as 
to  have  succeeded  on  the  last  of  March)  with  some  other  particulari- 
ties, enough  to  make  it  credible,  yet  is  the  Spanish  secretary  (lei 
here  by  the  last  ambassador)  so  far  hitherto  from  averment  thereof 
to  the  Duke,  or  any  other  silent  profession  by  change  of  his  habit 
that  he  was  two  days  sithence  at  a  public  comedy  ;  which  piece  of 
will  yet  hardly  retard  any  new  counsels  that  shall  be  formed  upoi 
this  alteration. 

Now,  as  the  past  week  brought  us  the  departure  of  that  King, 
this  has  seconded  the  former,  with  a  matter  perchance  of  the  moi 
consequence  at  the  present  within  our  circle,  namely,  the  dangeroi 
indisposition  of  this  moderate  Pope,  above  his  ordinary  fits,  repre- 
sented in  very  private  letters  as  almost  irrecoverable,  with  which,  I 
hear,  doth   consent   the  intelligence  of  this  State.  .  .  .     This  con- 
tingency, wherein  we  stand  in  fear  of  losing  a  good  Italian  Pope 4. 

1  Daniel  Nys  was  an  agent  employed  by  Wotton,  Sir  Dudley  Carleton,  and  Sir 
Isaac  Wake  to  collect  pictures.  His  most  important  purchase  was  the  Mantua 
Collection  in  1628.  (Original  Papers  relating  to  Rubens,  Noel  Sainsbury,  p.  339,  Cat, 
S.  P.  Dom.,  1635-6,  p.  76.) 

2  In  the  Reliquiae  (1st  ed.,  p.  508,  3rd,  p.  302)  is  printed  what  is  practically 
a  duplicate  of  the  above  letter,  without  date  or  address,  but  probably  written  tc 
the  Marquis  of  Buckingham,  with  whom  Wotton  was  in  regular  correspondence. 

3  Philip  III,  King  of  Spain,  died  March  31,  1621. 

4  Gregory  XV,  elected  Feb.  2,  1621,  was  old  and  in  bad  health  ;  the  quietnese 
of  Italy  depended,  Wotton  wrote,  '  on  the  weak  thread  of  the  Pope's  life. 
(Disp.,  July  27.) 


TO   SIR   GEORGE  CALVERT  211 

doth  suspend  all  judgement  about  the  issue  of  the  Grison  troubles. 
And  our  congratulatory  ambassadors  here,  which  were  making  haste 
with  brave  robes  of  crimson  velvet  at  nine  crowns  the  Venetian 
yard,  will  perchance  stand  harkening  the  whole  next  week.  For  if 
the  See  should  be  vacant,  and  Campori '  succeed  (for  whom  Burghese 
hath  already  renewed,  as  they  write,  una  rdbbiosa  practica),  a  good 
red  chamlet a  from  hence  might  serve  his  turn  .  .  . 

Sir, 

I  cannot  omit  the  advertising  of  his  Majesty  in  this  postscript, 
that  after  others,  the  Governor  of  Milan  hath  sent  Gaspar  Scioppius 
to  Rome,  to  inspire  into  the  Pope  more  zeal  towards  the  Catholic 
cause  of  the  Valtolina,3  as  it  is  baptized  ;  the  employment  of  which 
fellow  puts  me  in  mind  of  his  like  in  Tacitus,  quern  calamitas  temporum 
fecit  partem  JieipuUicae,*  being  in  good  faith  enough  to  authenticate 
my  old  merry  definition  of  an  ambassador. 

346.    To  the  Marquis  of  Buckingham. 

Beliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  409,  3rd  ed.,  p.  303,  dated  May  16,  and  probably  written  in 
this  year.    Wotton  sends  two  boxes  of  presents  to  Buckingham. 

Venice,  this  16th  of  May,  (1621  ?). 

Right  Honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

I  know  your  Lordship  cannot  want  presents  of  the  best  kind 
from  all  countries,  if  you  would  be  but  pleased  to  bewray  your 
desire,  for  your  favour  is  worthy  to  be  studied,  both  because  you  are 
powerful,  and  because  in  the  common  judgement  (of  which  we  hear 
the  sound,  that  are  far  off)  you  employ  your  power  nobly. 

For  my  part,  though  I  am  not  able  to  reach  unto  anything  propor- 
tionable to  your  dignity,  nor  even  of  mine  own  mind,  yet  I  must  not 
suffer  Venice  (where  I  have  served  the  King  so  long)  to  be  wholly 
disgraced.  And  therefore  I  have  taken  the  boldness,  in  a  ship  newly 
departed  from  this  harbour,  to  send  your  Lordship  two  boxes  of  poor 
things,  which,  because  they  need  a  little  explication,  not  so  much  for 
their  value  as  their  use,  I  have  desired  Mr.  Nicholas  Pey,  one  of  the 
clerks  of  his  Majesty's  kitchen,  who  is  my  friend  of  trust  at  home  in 
all  my  occasions,  to  acquaint  your  Lordship  with  a  note  of  them, 
wherein  my  end  is  plain,  only  to  excite  your  Lordship  with  this  little 

1  Pietro  Campori,  Cardinal  1016,  died  1643. 

2  Chamlet  or  camlet,  a  cheap  stuff  of  wool  and  silk. 

3  The  Spaniards  claimed  that  they  were  acting  in  the  interests  of  Catholicism 
in  freeing  the  Valtelline  from  its  Protestant  rulers  ;  the  Venetians  said  that  they 
were  making  a  pretence  of  religion  in  order  to  gain  possession  themselves  of  the 
territory. 

4  Probably  a  reference  to  Tac.  Hist.  i.  70. 19  '  Crescens  Neronis  libertus  (nam  et 
hi  malis  temporibus  partem  se  rei  publicae  faciunt).' 

P  2 


212  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

taste  *,  to  command  me  further  in  whatsoever  may  better  please  you. 
And  so  I  most  humbly  commit  you  to  God's  blessed  love, 

Your  Lordship's  with  all  devotion  to  serve  you, 

H.  Wotton. 


347.    To  Sir  Robert  Naunton. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  dictated,  extract.     The  attempt  to  procure  the  readmission 
of  the  Jesuits  into  Venice. 

Venice,  the  4th  of  June  sty.  novo  1621. 

.  .  .  Here  we  expect  perchance  to-morrow,  or  within  two  or  threi 
days,  the  Pope's  new  Nuncio 2,  the  voice  still  continuing  that  he  is  k 
prime  capite  to  mediate  the  reception  of  the  Jesuits,3  and  it  is  said 
withal,  that  besides  his  master's  commands,  he  means  to  confer  4  unt< 
it  some  zeal  of  his  own.  Whether  Fraunce  will  give  it  any  counten- 
ance (which  hath  likewise  been  strongly  spoken)  I  cannot  yet  affirm, 
but  surely  all  possible  means  is  likely  to  be  employed.  For  the 
canonization  of  Ignatius  5  (long  since  beatified),  being  now  in  hand  al 
Rome,  it  may  peradventure  seem  some  blemish  to  his  saintship  ii 
his  progeny,  which  hath  been  restored  by  art  into  Fraunce,  and  by 
force  into  Bohemia,  should  remain  excluded  from  so  large  a  part  of 
Italie  as  the  extent  of  this  State.  Yet  on  the  other  side  I  will  say 
thus  much,  because  I  was  here  at  their  extrusion  (whereunto  I  did 
contribute  at  least  my  prayers),  that  if  the  knot  then  tied  shall  bt 
loosed,  no  provision  of  human  wit  can  be  fast  in  any  civil  govern- 
ment of  the  world.6  And  so  having  cumbered  his  Majesty  too  mud 
with  my  other  discourses  by  an  express  hand,  I  may  be  the  briefei 
at  the  present,  commending  humbly  herewith  your  honour  to  th( 
love  of  our  gracious  God, 

Your  Honour's  at  all  command, 

Henry  Wotto>. 

1  '  Task '  in  1st  ed.  of  Reliquiae. 
8  The  Bishop  of  Monte  Fia scone. 

3  Gregory  XV  took  advantage  of  the  fact  that  the  Venetians  needed  his  help 
in  the  Valtelline  business  to  demand  the  readmission  of  the  Jesuits.  He  was 
seconded  by  the  special  French  ambassador,  the  Marquis  de  Coeuvres,  who 
arrived  in  September. 

4  '  Confer,'  i.  e.  contribute.     Obs.    (N.  E.  D.) 

5  Ignatius  Loyola,  beatified  1607,  canonized  1622. 

6  In  1657,  during  the  war  of  Candia  with  the  Turks,  the  Venetians  were 
forced  to  readmit  the  Jesuits  in  order  to  get  help  from  the  Pope  Alexander  VII. 
^Rovianin,  vii,  p.  431.) 


TO   SIB    WALTER   ASTON  213 

348.    To  Sib  Ww.ter  Aston1. 

c.c.c.  MS.  318,  f.  25,  holograph,  Archaeol.  xl.  Wotton  writes  to  Aston, 
the  English  ambassador  in  Spain,  to  start  the  customary  corre- 
spondence. 

Venice,  this  ^  of  June,  1621. 

My  Lord  and  ever  honoured  Friend, 

Not  long  before  my  coming  from  Vienna  (where  I  stayed  till  it 
was  fit  to  leave  the  Emperor  to  the  counsels  of  his  own  fortune),  I 
gave  your  Lordship  knowledge  by  the  way  of  Bruxelles  of  my  tending 
Id  this  place,  the  centre  of  all  my  motions,  and  withal  I  sent  you  a 
cipher.2 

Here  I  have  been  almost  four  months,  hoping  still  for  some  com- 
mandment from  you,  which  I  will  now  beg  again.  Besides  our  own 
private  friendship,  we  are  now  consociates  in  the  public  service. 
And  between  the  places  of  our  residence  there  is  as  much  relation  as 
jealousy  can  breed— for  that  is  a  relative  as  well  as  love.  This  I 
bring  as  an  argument  to  ground  a  frequent  intercourse  of  letters 
between  us.  Your  Lordship  shall  have  from  me  news  enough,  the 
very  disease  of  this  city.  At  the  present  (to  begin  with  a  pertinent 
point)  we  stand  in  some  hazard  about  the  confines,  of  an  affront  or  a 
rupture.  Certain  Spanish  troops  would  pass  armed  from  Crema 
towards  the  Milanese  over  part  of  this  dominion,  which  the  Duke  of 
Feria  seems  to  pretend  they  may  do,  by  old  agreements  between  this 
State  and  the  said  Dukedom.  But  here  the  Senate  hath  strongly 
resolved  the  contrary,  and  accordingly  a  camp  is  collected  of  English, 
French,  Flemish  horse  and  foot  about  Martenengo,  as  the  fittest 
place  to  impeach  their  passage,  near  which  the  said  Spaniards  stand 
hovering  what  they  shall  do.  In  the  meanwhile  frequent  couriers 
are  sent  hither,  with  lies  in  their  mouths  and  truth  in  their  packets, 
as  the  fashion  is ;  whereof  the  last  has  filled  all  this  town  with  a 
voice  of  an  encounter,  and  some  slaughter  on  both  sides.  But  a  fresh 
letter  from  Sir  Henry  Peyten,  colonel  of  the  English  (who  is  himself 
there)  doth  correct  this  vain  noise. 

I  think  it  will  beget  more  passion  than  action  between  these 
umbrageous  neighbours,  and  according  to  the  Gospel's  phrase, 
'treasure  up  anger  till  a  fitter  time".' 

1  Sir  Walter  Aston  ^Baron  Aston  of  Forfar  in  1627),  1584-1639,  ambas^a.l-., 
in  Spain,  1620-5,  1635-8.    (D.  N.  B.) 

2  On  Sept.  24,  1621,  Wotton  sent  a  new  cipher  to  Sir  Walter  Aston,  ■  that 
I  may,'  he  wrote,  'hereafter  without  any  tender  or  scrupulous  reservation 
communicate  with  you  some  of  my  fresh  thoughts.  The  former,  which  I  sent 
from  Vienna,  seemeth  to  have  been  swallowed  between  that  place  and 
Bruxelles.'    (G  C.  C.  MS.  317,  f.  29.) 

:i  There  is  no  such  phrase  in  the  Gospels  ;  Wotton  may  have  had  in  memory 
Rom.  ii,  ~>y  '  Treasurest  up  unto  thyself  wrath  against  the  day  of  wrath.' 


214  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


ieve 

loin 


I  would  I  had  paper  enough  left  to  tell  you  how  little  we  believ 
in  the  execution  of  your  treaty  about  the  Vale  Tolina.1  It  is  plain 
that  arts  are  sought  to  linger  the  effect  till  the  Pope's  end.  For  the 
next,  perchance,  may  be  of  another  complexion.  This  is  French,  or  at 
least  a  pure  Italian.  And  so,  my  good  Lord,  I  commit  you  to  God's 
love,  remaining 

Your  ever  faithful  poor  friend  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

349.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ven,,  holograph,  extract.    An  oath  of  obedience  to  the  Pope  imposed 
on  English  medical  students  at  Padua. 

Venice,  the  &  of  July,  1621. 

.  .  .  Divers  of  his  Majesty's  subjects  come  to  study  physic  at 
Padova ;  for  the  most  part  Popish  before  their  coming  out,  or  made  so 
abroad  (for  of  the  good  I  do  not  speak).     Here  they  take  the  degree 
of  doctorship  and  legitimation  for  practice  ;  at  which  formality,  if  it  be 
performed  in  the  College,  where  for  more  reputation  it  is  commonly 
done,  especially  by  all  Papists,  there  is  an  oath  to  be  first  taken 
(which  the  bishop  or  his  vkario  do  indispensably  minister),  wherein 
— to  omit  other  corrupt  clauses — is  in  plain  terms  sworn  indefinite 
obedience  to  the  Pope,  as  his  Majesty  may  see  by  the  adjoined  copy2 
thereof,  which,  though  in  print,  I  could  not  procure  without  som 
difficulty,  being  a  thing  which  the  parties  themselves  are  desirou 
should  be  smothered  as  much  as  may  be.     After  this  degree,  o: 
before,  they  usually  make  a  step  to  Eome.     What  new  characte 
they  bring  thence  I  know  not.     Priests  they  may  be,  and  that  som 
of  them  have  been  and  are,  I  make  little  doubt.     Always  sure  I  a 
that  no  kind  of  men  are  more  wrought  upon  abroad  than  these, 
being  indeed  the  fittest  to  work  afterwards  upon  others  at  home.    For 
through  the  generality  of  their  faculty  all  families,  all  hours,  are  at 
their  command  ;  and  if  they  have  a  dispensation  to  reconcile  in  Jiora 
mortis  (as  their  term  is)  they  can  remove  all  company  from  the  patient, 
and  clear  the  room  in  an  instant.    Nay,  if  himself  have  no  such  power, 
may  not  his  servant  be  a  priest  or  a  Jesuit  ?     And  who  will  shut  ou 
the  doctor's  man,  or  so  much  as  suspect  him  ?     To  this  I  must  ad 
a  note  which  many  have  taken  at  home,  that  one  of  these  Popish 
physicians  shall  gain  more  practice  in  a  month  or  two,  even  among 
Protestants,  than  another  in  a  year.     Quid  ita  ?    Because  those  of 

1  The  second  treaty  of  Madrid,  April  25,  1621  {ante,  i,  p.  179). 

2  There  is  a  copy  of  this  oath,  dated  Id.  Nov.,  1564,  in  the  Burley  Commonplace 
Book,  p.  102. 


t, 

I 


TO   SIB   GEORGE  CALVERT  215 

his  own  complexion  proclaim  his  sufficiency  to  more  ends  than  one, 
and  by  putting  him  in  voice,  put  him  in  use.  This  I  humbly  leave 
to  his  Majesty's  most  wise  and  Christian  care,  having  thought  it  my 
duty  to  represent— as  I  conceive  it— so  dangerous,  so  universal,  so 
opportune,  so  close  and  indiscoverable  a  means  of  corrupting  his 
people.  .  .  .  This  dispatch  is  sent  by  Mr.  Thomas  Lindsaye,  son  to 
Mr.  Barnie  Lindsay1  of  the  King's  chambers,  and  the  true  heir  both 
of  his  father's  metal  and  modesty,  whom  I  commend  to  your  favour 
and  love. 

350.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Vfn.,  holograph,  extract.    The  proposal  of  certain  pirates ; 
the  death  of  Count  Bucquoi,  &c. 

From  Venice,  this  26th  of  July,  1621. 
Style  of  England. 

...  I  must  relate  a  piece  of  noise,  sounding  like  a  dream,  and 
perchance  not  likely  to  resolve  into  more. 

A  cluster  of  pirates  are  said  to  have  offered  unto  this  State  for 
protection,  and  some  permanent  seat,  a  million  of  ducats  in  pure 
donative,  great  sums  at  five  per  hundred,  depositable  in  their 
exchequer,  and  moreover  some  thirty  vessels,  armed  with  three 
hundred  pieces  of  artillery  and  able  men,  at  the  public  service.  At 
first  the  voice  went  that  Samson  (our  renegado)  was  head  of  this 
offer.  Then  we  fell  to  remember  that  the  pirates  at  Tunis  (which  is 
his  nest)  are  not  masters  of  the  money  which  they  take,  nor  of  the 
very  vessels  wherein  they  go,  which  are  commonly  overmanned  by 
Turckes,  so  that  now  we  know  not  where  to  fix  this  huge  oblation. 
Yet  certain  it  is  that  on  Tuesday  last  here  in  Senate  was  resolved, 
after  some  debatement,  to  harken  unto  a  treaty  with  these  men  ;  and 
so  I  must  leave  it,  till  I  can  see  more  ground  of  discourse  or  belief. 

The  strife  for  the  passage  of  soldiers  in  terra  firma  between  the 
Governor  of  Milan  and  this  Republic  is  grown  milder,  and  leaning 
towards  some  reasonable  end.2 

The  business  of  the  Valetolina  standeth  still,  depending  upon  the 
Pope's  vigour,  who,  besides  his  age  and  other  infirmities,  hath  of  late 
been  troubled  with  some  hydropsical  tumour  in  his  legs.  .  .  . 

From  Vienna  we  have  not  only  the  death  of  Bucquoye 3,  but  like- 
wise, not  long  after  that,  the  defeat  of  the  whole  army  in  their  retreat 
from  the  siege  of  Neuhowsen,  with  loss  of  the  artillery,  which  makes 
me  hope  that  my  Lord  Digbie*  will  find  faciJes  aures  ;  and  perchance 

1  Bernard  Lindsay,  ante,  i,  p.  41.  2  Ante,  ii,  p.  218. 

3  Count  Bucquoi,  defeated  and  slain  by  Bethlen  Gabor. 

4  Lord  Digby,  sent  to  demand  the  restitution  of  the  Palatinate,  arrived  in 
Vienna  on  July  4,  1621,  0.  S.     (Kardiner,  iv,  p.  204.) 


216  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

the  Emperor  may  remember  me,  who  was  bold  at  my  departure  to 
wish  him  not  to  follow  the  counsels  of  his  fortune,  whereof  the 
Baron  of  Eckenberg  demanding  my  reason,  I  replied  only  that 
fortune  was  no  good  counsellor. 

351.  To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  dictated,  extract.    The  expected  arrival  of  the 
Marquis  de  Coeuvres. 

From  Venice,  this  7th  of  September, 
1621,  sty.  vet. 

.  .  .  To-morrow  we  expect  here  the  Marquis  de  Coeuvre !,  in  his 
passage  homewards  from  Eome.  Before  his  arrival,  Monsieur  de 
Villiers2,  the  resident,  hath  signified  that  he  cometh  with  express 
character  of  ambassador  extraordinary.  Some  begin  to  whisper  that 
the  business  of  the  Jesuits  (noised  before  him)  is  not  his  scope,  but 
his  veil  to  cover  deeper  instructions  about  sounding  the  inclination 
of  this  Republic,  if  the  King  his  master,  after  the  settling  of  his  own 
realm,  should  pass  the  Alps  in  person,  or  send  over  a  fair  army  to 
rectify  the  Valtolina— so  ingenuous,  or  so  corrupt  is  this  country,  that 
they  even  suppose  the  professed  part  of  all  negotiation  nothing  but  the 
visard  3  of  the  concealed.  About  which  I  shall  yield  better  accompt 
by  the  next  courier.  Our  dear  God  bless  his  Majesty  and  his  estates. 
And  so  I  remain, 

Your  honour's  with  ancient  devotion, 

Henry  Wotton. 

352.  To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

8,  P.  Ven.,  holograph.     The  arrival  of  the  Marquis  de  Coeuvres. 

Venice,  this  21th  September, 
sty.  vet.  1621. 
Right  Honourable, 

The  Marquis  de  Coevre  (as  I  wrote  in  my  former)  arrived 
here  on  Thursday  last  at  night.  On  Saturday,  after  dinner,  he  was 
from  the  Island  di  Spirito  Santo  brought  by  senators  to  a  house 
fitted  for  him.  On  Monday  morning  he  had  open  audience  together 
with  the  lieger,  which  was  low  in  voice,  but  high  in  the  fashion. 
For  he  was  noted  not  once  to  stir  his  hat,  nor  first  posture  or  gesture 
after  his  sitting  till  his  rising ;  no,  not  when  he  ended  his  own  speech. 
His  credential  letters  were  not  read,  as  perchance  containing,  above 
other  formality,  some  light  of  his  errand ;  though  I  do  not  see  how 

1  Francis  Annibal  d'Estrees,  Marquis  de  Coeuvres  (1573-1070  ,  Due  d'Estrees, 
1012. 

2  Courtin  de  Villars.  3  'Visard,'  obs.  form  of  vizor,  i.e.  mask. 


TO  SIB   GEORGE  CALVERT  215 

ihat  should  need  any  such  tender  closeness,  having  been  s<>  noised 
before  him.'  Tuesday,  Wednesday,  and  Thursday  were  partly  holy 
days,  partly  days  of  Grand  Council,  for  accomplishment  of  the  new 
Senate,  which  must  always  be  chosen  before  the  last  of  September ; 
and,  being  the  highest  act  of  the  State,  all  other  cares  give  place 
thereunto.  So  as  he  could  have  no  private  audience  before  this 
Friday,  which  is  the  Nuncio's  ordinary  day,  who  was  heard  before 
him.  They  were  both  of  them  there  not  an  hour  in  all,  which, 
methinks,  is  too  short  a  time  to  endue  us  with  new  opinion  of  those 
Fathers,  whose  process  cannot  be  read  in  the  space  of  one  entire 
month,  though  the  Council  of  Ten  should  do  nothing  else.  Through 
these  delays  of  his  first  audience,  I  can  say  little  more  thereof  yet  in 
substance.  Let  me,  therefore  (as  is  fit),  acquaint  his  Majesty  how 
the  matter  of  ceremony  hath  passed  between  the  said  Marquis  and 
me,  in  a  point  heretofore  of  some  scruple. 

I  did  visit  him  on  Monday  last  after  his  public  audience,  at  an  hour 
appointed.  As  I  landed  at  his  house,  the  Nuncio's  secretary  was 
coming  from  him,  who  had  made  way  for  his  master's  access ;  and 
when  I  departed  homewards  I  saw  the  Nuncio  himself  coming  towards 
him  in  gondola.  Tuesday  and  Wednesday  he  passed  over  without 
revisiting  me,  but  on  Wednesday  night  he  sent  his  secretary  to  desire 
I  would  receive  him  the  next  morning.  I  gave  him  the  disposition 
of  the  day,  but  withal  standing  in  some  doubt  that  he  might  in  the 
meantime  have  visited  the  Nuncio  (for  one  whom  I  had  employed  to 
clear  me  therein  was  not  yet  come  back),  I  told  his  messenger 
that  though  no  man  living  was  more  averse  than  myself  from  petty 
punctualities,  which  were  but  idle  vexations,  yet  it  became  me  to 
hope  that  the  Marquis,  who  had  received  my  visitation  before  the 
Nuncio's,  had  not  rendered  that  kindness  to  him  before  me,  seeing 
the  Pope,  in  point  of  civil  respect,  is  not  considered  but  as  una  testa 
coromta,  and  his  ministers  proportionably.  I  perceived  the  secretary 
instructed  with  a  prompt  reply,  that  the  Marquis  his  master  had 
well  weighed  this  point,  and  therefore  had  by  him  expressly  desired 
to  incommodate 2,  me  the  next  day  before  dinner,  that  he  might  revisit 
the  Nuncio  in  the  afternoon.  This  I  have  thought  it  my  duty  to  set 
down  distinctly,  because  the  very  same  scruple  bred  a  long  strange- 
ness between  Sir  Dudley  Carleton  and  Monsieur  de  Leon :!,  the  last 
French  lieger  here  ;    who   yet  had    less  reason  than  this  Marquis, 

1  His  intention  to  ask  for  the  readmission  of  the  Jesuits,  the  report  of  which, 
Wotton  wrote,  ran  before  him  '  like  a  contagious  wind'.  {8.  P.  Yen.,  May  16, 
1821. 

■' Incommodate,' i.e.  incommode.     Obs.     {N.E.D.) 

'J  De  Leon  Bruslart,  whom,  when  he  arrived  in  Venice  in  Dec,  1611,  Sir 
Dudley  Carleton  visited  before  the  Nuncio.  Bruslart,  however,  in  returning  thes.> 
visits  went  to  see  the  Nuncio  first.     (Disp.  of  Carleton,  Dec.  26,  1611,  8.  P,  Pi*.) 


218  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

coming  immediately  from  the  Pope's  Court,  and  being  here  conjoined 
with  his  minister  in  his  present  ends.  So  as  the  case  is  now  very 
remarkably  regulated.  In  the  rest,  I  found  the  said  Marquis  full  of 
reverent  respects  towards  his  Majesty,  and  of  joy  in  the  good  amity 
that  runneth  between  our  masters,  and  generally,  a  gentleman  surely 
of  very  noble  nature,  of  a  beautiful  personage,  and  winning  counten- 
ance, but  perchance  more  nervous  and  vehement  in  his  resolutions 
than  in  his  negotiations. 

With  my  last  I  sent  a  cipher,  which  I  shall  have  good  occasion  to 
use  the  next  week.    Till  when,  leaving  you,  Sir,  in  God's  love,  I  rest, 

Your  Honour's  with  long  devotion, 

Henry  Wotton. 

353.     To  Sir  Dudley  Carleton. 

8.  P.  Ven.,  holograph.     The  readmission  of  the  Jesuits  refused. 

Venice,  9th  Oct.  sty.  no.  1621. 
My  Lord, 

Thus  much  only  in  general  at  the  present. 
The  Nuncio  here  and  French  ambassadors,  extraordinary  and 
lieger,  in  their  conjoined  intercessions  for  the  caterpillars1  of 
Christendom,  have  had  an  absolute  negative,  whereof  all  three  did 
bewray  much  sensibility  in  their  very  countenances  at  their  issuing 
from  the  College.  And,  moreover,  the  French  being  yesterday  invited 
to  accompany  the  Prince  at  our  great  feast  of  Santa  Giustina 2,  they 
both  refused  it,  which  in  the  ordinary  ambassador  is  thought  some- 
what too  much  humour. 

More  by  the  next  courier,  for  by  that  time  the  Marquis  de  Coevres 
will  be  gone,  and  we  shall  have  seen  his  final  passions. 

Servidore, 

Arrigo  Wottoni. 
I  will  fail  no  week  to  write  your  Lordship,  d  poco  6  assal 

354.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  dictated.     Illness  of  Wotton  and  his  household. 

From  Padova,  this  if  of  October,  1621. 
Eight  Honourable, 

I  must  excuse  the  silence  of  a  week  or  two,  with  the  unhappy 

distractions  of  my  mind.     Six  of  my  family  lie  sick  at  the  present  of 

dangerous  fevers,  which  reign  here  extremely  this  season,  and  yester- 

1  Cf.  Shakespeare,  Rich.  II,  act  ii,  scene  iii,  165  : — 

1  Bushy,  Bagot  and  their  complices 
The  caterpillars  of  the  commonwealth.' 

2  Santa  Giustina,  '  the  Venetian  patroness,  almost  equivalent  to  St.  Mark.' 
(Wotton  to  Calvert,  S.  P.  Ven.,  Oct.  9.) 


TO   SIR   GEORGE   CALVERT  >l<, 

night  I  had  likewise  myself  a  fit,  which  yet  I  hope  by  the  symptoms 
will  resolve  into  a  pure  tertian.  To  these  cares  all  other  must  give 
place,  for  maximum  negotiorum  est  sanitas.  God's  good  angels  be 
about  us,  and  His  love  strengthen  our  hearts. 

Your  Honour's  as  I  am, 

Henry  Wotton. 

355.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Yen.,  holograph,  extract.     Wotton's  illness ;  deaths  of  William  Leete 
and  Gregorio  de'  Monti. 

Venice,  this  £$  November,  1621. 
Right  Honourable, 

I  should  have  taken  pleasure  ere  now  in  answering  those  kind 
lines  which  I  had  last  from  you,  and  in  giving  you  many  most 
hearty  thanks  for  your  long  and  continual  love  (whereof  almost  every 
letter  that  I  receive  from  Mr.  Nicolas  Paye,  my  friend,  doth  bring 
me  new  argument),  if  I  had  not  wanted  strength  to  do  it.  Non  sum 
ambitiosus  in  mails,  but  it  is  no  ordinary  discomfortable  thing  that  I 
shall  tell  you.  I  have  lain  under  physic  at  Padova  almost  a  month, 
and  at  the  same  time  all  my  family,  except  four  persons,  were  either 
there  or  here  in  like  manner  decumbent  of  double  tertians  or  con- 
tinual fevers,  which  have  abounded  this  season,  whereof  we  are 
willinger  to  impute  the  cause  to  the  crudities  of  the  last  year's  wines, 
than  to  our  own  immoderation ;  for  it  hath  fallen  upon  so  many 
Italians,  as  may  excuse  the  English,  whom  otherwise  they  think  an 
overfeeding  nation.  Two  I  have  lost,  one  that  was  my  steward  here- 
tofore, but  at  the  present  a  student  himself  in  that  art  at  Padova, 
which  could  not  help  him.  His  name  was  William  Leete  *,  taken 
away  in  the  strength  of  his  years  by  a  weak  disease  which  some 
fancies  did  exasperate.  The  other  was  poor  Gregorio  de'  Monti ', 
who  under  Sir  Dudley  Carleton  and  me  had  served  his  Majesty  here 
some  fourteen  or  fifteen  years.  Of  whom  I  am  to  speak  more  in  a 
dispatch  wherewith  I  am  now  in  travail.  .  .  . 

Your  Honour's  in  long  devotion. 

Henry  Wotton. 
Mr.  Branthwayte  returned  unto  me  a  sound  man  from  Padova 

1  William  Leete,  see  Appendix  III. 

2  Gregorio  de'  Monti  (see  Appendix  III)  died  on  Nov.  22,  1621.  In  his 
audience  of  Feb.  22  Wotton  pronounced  a  eulogy  on  the  character  and  faithful- 
ness of  his  late  secretary.  He  told  the  Doge  that  he  had  appointed  a  Frenchman 
as  his  successor,  although  a  compatriot  of  his  own  religion  had  offered  himself 
for  the  post.  'I  did  not  accept  this  offer,  not  being  here  to  catechize  the 
conscience  of  any  one,  but  to  perform  the  duties  of  my  post.  It  is  enough  for 
me  that  those  of  my  household  should  have  some  kind  of  religion,  for  one  often 
finds  many  people  who  believe  nothing  at  all.'     (Esp.  Prin.,  Feb.  27,  1622.) 


220  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

yesternight,  whom  I  left  there  a  while  to  recover  strength  after  some 
very  sharp  fits. 

356.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  dictated,  extract.    Wotton's  recovery  ;  he  is  sending  some 
seeds  to  the  King. 

Venice,  this  fT  of  December,  1621. 
Right  Honourable, 

I  have  been  a  fortnight  under  the  counsel  of  two  physicians  for 

some  bad  humours  in  my  stomach,  affecting  by  consent  likewise  my 

head,  which  I  esteem  a  relic  of  my  last  infirmity,  but  at  the  present 

I  am  again,  I  thank  God,  somewhat  jolly.     By  the  last  currierc  came 

your  letter  of  the  4th  of  November  very  opportunely,  when  I  was 

preparing  a  dispatch  for  a  gentleman  bent  homewards,  of  whom  I 

made  stay  upon  my  last  indisposition  of  body.     He  shall  besides 

some  strange  things  (which  I  mean  to  couch  in  cipher)  bring  with 

him  the  most  exquisite  choice  that  can  be  made  of  those  seeds  which 

his  Majesty  desireth  ;  wherein  likewise  I  intend  to  examine  some  of 

our  best  hortolani  of  Chioggia  and  other  places  about  the  manner  of 

their  cultivation,  in  what  mould   they  prove   best,   how  they   are 

ripened  by  accidental  remedies,  as  reflection  T  or  otherwise,  and  how 

they  are  sweetened  by  some  adjunct  to  their  seeds,  as  falleth  out  in 

other  plants  and  fruits.     We  have  here  some  very  curious  men  in 

matter  of  simples,  with  whom  I  am  well  acquainted,  so  as  though  I 

can  pretend  no  ability  in  my  other  endeavours  to  satisfy  his  Majesty's 

judgement,  yet  I  hope  to  content  him  in  this  service  of  his  appetite. 

357.    To  Sir  Walter  Aston. 

C.  a  C.  MS.  318,  f.  81,  holograph,  extract,  Archaeol.  xl.     Wotton's  illness  ; 

news  of  Venice. 

Venice,  the  ^  of  December,  1621. 

My  Lord, 

Xon  sum  ambitiosus  in  malis.  But  it  is  no  ordinary  case  which 
I  must  describe  unto  your  Lordship  for  the  excuse  of  too  many  silent 
weeks. 

I  lay  myself  in  Padova  more  than  a  month,  through  an  ague 
which  took  me  being  abroad.  And  at  the  same  time  all  my  family 
(except  four  persons),  Italians,  Germans,  and  English,  were  either 
there  or  here,  in  like  manner  decumbent.  A  Venetian  gentleman 
also,  who  lieth  in  a  severed  partition  of  my  house,  is  at  the  present 
himself,  wife,  children,  maids,  and  gondoliers  all  under  physic  ;  so  we 

1  Reflection,'  i.  e.  reflected  lights,  as  was  then  not  unusual  in  gardening. 


TO   SIR   WALTER   ASTON  221 

begin  to  suspect  our  habitation,  being  the  most  exposed  to  all  weather 
pi  any  in  Venice,1  and  by  violence  of  the  flashing2  winds  the  waves 
have  pierced  through  and  powdered  our  walls,  and  even  tainted  our 
cisterns.  Thus  we  are  contented  to  rest  our  curiosity  upon  these 
second  causes.  But  God's  indisputable  will  must  be  done,  which  i-, 
the  last  philosophy  both  of  heaven  and  earth.  Two  I  have  lost.  The 
one  with  the  more  grief,  because  beyond  all  expectation  even  of  his 
physicians,  he  was  carried  away  in  the  strength  of  his  youth  by  ■ 
weak  disease,  which  some  fancies  did  exasperate.  The  other  was  a 
Venetian,  who  had  long  served  under  Sir  Dudley  Carleton  and  me 
here,  as  secretary  of  the  language  or  compliments,  a  place  more 
easily  supplied  than  when  substance  is  vacant. 

This  is  the  accompt  of  our  infirmities,  which  have  made  me  so 
worthy  of  your  Lordship's  pardon  that  I  may  challenge  some  part  of 
your  compassion. 

Now  to  proceed  in  our  correspondence,  as  I  will  do  weekly.  For 
while  God  shall  spare  us  upon  this  theatre,  how  can  we  lack  subject 
of  noise  and  discourse  ?  .  .  . 

You  have  heard  that  the  Grisons  have  renounced  the  league  of 
Fraunce.  a  foul  blow  to  the  Treaty  of  Madrid,  and  almost  enough  to 
make  the  French  sober  at  home.  Our  easy  Pope  chideth  at  the 
Spanish  progressions  in  the  Valetolina,3  and  they  go  forward,  being 
now  able  to  walk  (while  they  keep  a  foot  in  the  Lower  Palatinat) 
from  Milan  to  Dunkercke  upon  their  own  inheritances  and  purchases, 
a  connexion  of  terrible  moment  in  my  opinion.4  Your  Lordship's 
letters  to  Sir  John  Aires  I  reserve.  The  King  and  the  merchants 
have  dislodged  him,  and  Sir  Thomas  Roe 5  with  his  lady  are  well  on 
their  way  thitherwards,  between  whom  and  your  Lordship  I  will 
mediate  a  continual  intelligence.  Yesterday  was  here  in  the  open 
Court  of  the  Palace  one  Aluigi  Querini,  a  principal  gentleman, 
apprehended  and  muffled  in  a  cloak  by  order  of  the  Inquisitors  of 

1  I  have  not  been  able  to  identify  Wotton's  residence  during  his  third 
omliassy  at  Venice;  his  description  of  its  situation  makes  it  probable  that 
his  house  was  somewhere  on  the  north-eastern  side  of  Venice,  looking  over  the 
lagoons  towards  the  Alps,  and  exposed  to  the  northern  winds. 

3  *  Flashing,'  i.  e.  dashing.     Obs.    (N.  E.  D.) 

:t  The  Duke  of  Feria  was  now  engaged  in  the  subjugation  of  the  Valtelline. 

Wotton  wrote  (Jan.,  1622)  of  Feria  :  '  We  have  a  fresh  piece  of  advice  that  he  DTO- 

I  h,  by  little  and  little,  after  the  garrisoning,  to  the  disarming  of  them,  which 

is  indeed  to  cut  the  last  knot  of  liberty.   And  so  hath  this  half  Englishman  dono 

more  in  a  little  time  by  practice  than  Charles  V,  or  any  of  his  former  Kings 

though  it  hath  been  a  long  design),  could  do  with  the  sword.'      {8.  P.  Vcn.) 

4  On  Dec.  31  Wotton  wrote  the  above  news  to  Carleton,  adding  '  and  in  the 
midst  of  all  this,  what  doth  our  Pope?  He  fats  his  nephew  as  fast  as  In  .-an. 
and  he  chides  at  these  proceedings,  but  dolcemente,  alia  Bolognese.'      (S.  P.  Vcn.) 

'J  Sir  Thomas  Roe  succeeded  Sir  John  Ay  res  as  ambassador  to  the  Tort'  in 
1621.  He  remained  at  Constantinople  till  162&  A  letter  from  Wotton  to  Koe 
is  printed  below,  p.  247. 


222  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

State  (one  of  our  blackest  magistrates)  for  a  secret  journey  to 
Ferrara,  and  conference  there  with  the  Cardinal  Governor.  On 
Thursday  night  they  chose  Aluigi  Valeresso  to  succeed  Signor 
Girolamo  Lando  in  England.1  Their  late  ambassador  Pesaro  sent 
into  Fraunce,  about  Poictiers  was  assailed  by  certain  straggling  horse- 
men, despoiled,  two  of  his  train  killed,  and  himself  had  a  pistol  twice 
put  to  his  breast,  which  both  times  took  no  fire.  But  let  me  enter- 
tain you  no  longer  with  these  menudencias.  In  my  next  I  shall 
have  occasion  to  awake  our  cipher,  which  I  have  yet  suffered  to  sleep. 
God  bless  us  and  love  us,  in  whose  dear  protection  I  leave  you, 
ever  remaining, 

Your  Lordship's  very  faithful  poor  friend  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 


358.    To  Sir  Dudley  Carleton. 

S.  P.  Veil.,  holograph,  extract.  After  repeating  almost  word  for  word  the 
contents  of  his  letter  of  Dec.  18th  to  Aston,  Wotton  adds  to  Carleton 
the  news  from  Rome  about  the  Spanish  match. 

Venice,  on  the  Vigilia  of  the  new  year ;  of  which  it 
will  be  time  enough  to  wish  your  Lordship  a  pros- 
perous course  by  the  next  courier. 

.  .  .  Your  Lordship  hath  heard  of  the  congregations  in  Kome  about 
our  match  with  Spain  ;2  shall  I  make  you  laugh,  or  at  least  smile? 
Since  those  consults  there,  no  Englishman  of  any  fashion  (if  he  be 
one  of  their  Catholics)  can  come  thither,  but  they  baptize  him  straight 
an  ambassador.  And  they  have  voiced  that  the  Archbishop  of 
Spalatro  went  into  England  but  to  convert,  with  such  other  tricks  ol 
that  place,  which  is  as  abundant  in  art  as  deficient  in  truth. 

This  is  all  wherewith  I  will  now  entertain  your  Lordship,  serving 
but  for  a  re-entry  into  those  troubles  that  you  shall  weekly  receive. 

By  the  copies  of  his  Majesty's  letters  to  the  Emperor  and  King  ot 
Spain  3  I  perceive  how  we  stand  in  the  business  of  the  Palatinates, 
about  which  the  Emperor  intendeth  into  England  the  Grave  oi 
Schwarzenberg 4.     I  pray  God  we  lose  not  as  much  time  now  witl 

1  Lando  was  ambassador  in  England  1618-22,  Valleresso  1622-4. 

2  On  Aug.  11,  1621,  O.  S.,  Gregoiy  XV  appointed  a  congregation  of  foui 
cardinals  for  the  purpose  of  examining  the  articles  of  the  proposed  treaty  foi 
the  marriage  of  the  Prince  of  Wales  and  the  Infanta  Maria.  (Gardiner, 
iv,  p.  351.) 

3  The  letter  to  the  Emperor  is  "printed  in  Cabala  (1654),  ii,  p.  113. 

4  The  Count  of  Schwarzenberg  arrived  in  England  on  April  3,  1622. 
(Gardiner,  iv,  p.  304.) 


TO  SIR  DUDLEY  CARLETON 

their  ambassages  as  we  have  done  before  with  our  own.    And  in  this 
good  wish  I  end,  remaining, 

Your  Lordship's  poor  friend  and  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 


359.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph,  extract.    No  date.    Wotton  sends  a  pasquil 
to  the  King. 

(January  — ,  1622.) 

.  .  .  Only  to  begin  the  new  year  l  merrily  (which  the  Lord  made 
joyful  unto  us)  let  me  <be>  bold  through  your  hands  to  present  unto 
his  Majesty  one  of  the  most  ingenious  pasquils  that  hath  been  born 
in  Rome  a  long  time,  found  in  a  morning  clapped  on  the  door  of  the 
Pope's  chamber,  and  likewise  on  the  gate  of  his  palace.  Upon  which 
there  hath  been  much  rummaging  in  the  studies  of  certain  suspected 
wits,  but  the  author  is  thought  to  be  fled  to  Modena,  by  name 
Alessandro  Torsoni 2,  famous  enough  before  in  the  satirical  vein. 
And  so  I  humbly  rest  your  Honour's, 

Henry  Wotton. 

360.    To  Sir  Walter  Aston. 

C.  C.  C.  MS.  318,  f.  31,  holograph,  extract,  Archaeol.  xl.  Discovery  of  the 
secret  transference  of  the  Palatine  Electorate  to  Maximilian  of 
Bavaria. 

Venice,  the  T%  of  January,  1622. 
My  Lord, 

I  shall  not  need  again  to  tell  your  Lordship  of  a  certain  friar, 
by  name  Hiacintho 3,  intercepted  in  Germanie  by  the  Mansfeldians 
in  his  journey  towards  you,  as  he  was  laden  with  divers  instructions 
from  the  Emperor,  and  letters  to  the  principals  of  your  Court.  By 
which  many  things  are  opportunely  discovered,  and  among  other, 

1  On  Jan.  18  Wotton,  after  more  than  nine  months  without  an  audience,  came 
to  the  Collegio,  to  express  his  wishes  for  a  happy  new  year,  and  for  the  quiet  of 
Venice,  '  although  many  storms  were  raging  abroad.'  He  said  he  had  never 
I  >  <  a  absent  for  such  a  long  period  before,  which  he  regretted,  but  his  illness 
was  the  cause.  He  was  informed  of  the  successes  of  the  Catholic  party  in  the 
Orisons,  and  requested  to  tell  James  I  of  the  need  of  his  help  in  the  present 
troubles.     (Esp.  Prin.,  Jan.  18,  1622.) 

-  Alessandro  Tassoni  (1565-1632),  author  of  La  Secchia  Bapita. 

3  Hyacintho,  a  Capuchin  friar,  was  sent  from  Rome  in  1621  on  a  special 
mission  to  the  Emperor,  to  urge  him  to  fulfil  his  promise  of  transferring  the 
Electorate  from  the  Prince  Palatine  to  Maximilian  of  Bavaria.  The  Emperor 
hesitated  at  first,  but  on  Sept.  12  he  gave  Hyacintho,  in  the  greatest  secrecy,  an 
act  conferring  tlxe  Electorate  on  Maximilian.  Hyacintho  was  to  go  to  Spain, 
and  win,  if  possible,  the  consent  of  the  new  King  to  this  transft m  n M  He  was 
intercepted  on  the  way  and  his  dispatcher  stolen.    {Gardiner,  iv,  pp.  202,  219.) 


224  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

that  the  said  Emperor  hath  actually  conferred  the  investiture  of  the 
Electorship  on  the  Duke  of  Bavaria,  even  without  knowledge  of 
the  King  of  Spayne,  as  we  are  yet  left  to  believe.  All  the  papers  will 
be  printed  at  the  Haghe,  and  copies  thereof  are  already  sent  to  his 
Majesty,  which  will  breed  you  business.  For  my  part  upon  it  I  am 
ready  to  turn  eremite  and  to  abandon  all  rules  of  civil  art.  For 
surely  (my  Lord)  the  electorating  of  that  Duke  is  against  the  very 
alphabet  and  elements  of  State.1 

I  conceive  the  King  of  Spayne  upon  it  in  a  great  dilemma.  If  he 
do  not  maintain  the  Emperor's  resolution,  he  will  perchance  want 
strength  himself  to  maintain  it.  If  he  shall  abet  him  or  abone ' 
him  (as  your  phrase  is  there)  it  will  be  hard  to  make  this  age  believe, 
or  any  since  the  time  that  men  did  eat  acorns,  that  the  said  King 
was  not  of  his  counsel.  .  .  .  And  now  I  leave  your  Lordship  in  God's 
dear  love,  with  the  wishing  of  many  happy  years  unto  you. 

Your  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 


361.    To  Sir  Dudley  Carleton. 

8.  P.  Yen.,  holograph,  extract.     English  nuns  at  Rome. 

Venice,  %\  January,  1621(2). 

...  I  think  I  said  as  much  as  I  can  yet  to  your  Lordship  in  my 
last  of  five  English  gentlewomen 3  arrived  in  Kome  out  of  the  Low 
Provinces.  They  yield  there  much  wonder  at  their  habits,  and  here 
at  their  purpose ;  about  which  one  writes  me  in  a  pleasant  passion, 
al  corpo  del  Mondo  questa  e  gdlante.  Haveremo  un  nuovo  ordine  di 
Giesuitessc.  For  that  seemeth  a  branch  of  their  vows,  that  they  will 
catechize  girls  as  fast  as  the  masculine  Jesuits  do  boys.  Their 
particular  names  I  know  not,  but  I  imagine  my  Lady  Lovel4  to 
be  the  leader,  who,  as  your  Lordship  knows,  hath  been  hatching 
some  such  thing  a  long  time  in  her  elevated  thoughts.  How  much 
better  would  a  Spanish  needle  and  some  sleave 5  silk  become  them  ? 

1  By  making  the  Dukes  of  Bavaria  more  powerful  candidates  for  the  Imperial 
Crown.  •  Will  the  House  of  Austria/  Wotton  wrote,  '  make  him  Elector,  who  is 
as  Catholic  as  themselves,  and  thereby  as  capable  of  the  ecclesiastic  voices, 
besides  a  brother  already  in  that  Septemvirate,  and  all  the  practical  Jesuits  at 
his  command?  '     (S.  P.  Veu.,  Aug.  10,  1621.) 

1  '  Abone,'  to  make  good  ;  from  the  Italian  abbonare  or  abbonnare.     (N.  E.  D.) 

3  Mary  Ward  and  her  companions  (ante,  i,  p.  455),  who  arrived  in  Rome 
at  the  end  of  the  year  1621,  and  was  given  permission  by  Gregory  XV  to 
establish  a  house  for  her  newly-founded  order  in  Rome.  Mary  Ward  removed 
with  her  community  to  Munich  in  1626.     (I).  N.  B.) 

4  Lady  Lovel  {ante,  i,  p.  445). 

5  '  Sleave,'  slayed  or  slea  silk  ;  silk  not  twisted,  for  making  embroidery. 


Jtwurj 


// 


isii.-i-  £j.(-3jw/-S3  n- 

,-fa  mad  oJy  J6*t  otwnd  > 


Centime  Jfr/u^  , 


FACSIMILE   OF   A    LETTER   FROM    HENRY   WOTTON 
DATED   VENICE,    JANUARY   \%    1622 

(From  the  original  in  the  Library  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford  ) 


TO   SIR  DUDLEY  CARLETON  225 

And  so,  being  a  little  distracted  at  the  present,  I  will  commit  your 
Lordship  with  these  few  lines  to  God's  love. 

Remaining  your  Lordship's  most  affectionate  poor  friend  to  serve 
you. 

Henry  Wotton. 


362.    To  Sir  Walter  Aston. 

C.  C.  C.  MS.  318,  f.  27,  holograph.    The  transference  of  the  Electorate  ; 
death  of  Wotton's  nephew. 

Venice,  the  £g  of  January,  1622. 
My  Lord, 

How  like  you  this?  In  the  copy  of  the  Emperor's  letter  to 
your  Don  Balthasar  de  Zuniga  (intercepted  in  the  wallet  of  the 
wandering  Friar  Hyacintho)  is  expressly  affirmed  that  the  said 
Emperor  had  conferred  the  Electorate  upon  the  Duke  of  Bavaria 
by  counsel  of  the  Conde  d'Ognate.1 

Thus  much  only  I  have  obtained  leave  from  my  present  griefs 
to  tell  your  Lordship  ;  my  steward  and  kinsman 2  being  this  very 
day  taken  from  me  by  the  hand  of  God,  after  a  long  infirmity  which 
had  spent  his  strength.  And  so  I  commit  your  Lordship  to  the  mercy 
and  love  of  Heaven. 

Certissimo  servidore, 

Henry  Wotton. 

363.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Yen.,  transcript,  unsigned,  Beliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  535.  *  A  dispatch  by  Ralph 
from  Venice,  1621,'  and  wrongly  dated  Feb.  Jf.  Reports  from  Rome 
about  the  negotiations  for  the  Spanish  match. 

Venice,  Feb.  H,  1621(2). 
Sir, 

I  choose  at  the  present  to  write  thick  and  small,  for  the  closer 

conveyance  of  that  which  followeth,  first  to  your  faithful  hands,  and 

by  them  immediately  unto  our  Sovereign  Lord  the  King. 

1  The  Spanish  ambassador  at  Vienna.  The  majority  of  the  Spanish  Council 
(the  young  King  counted  for  nothing)  were  opposed  to  the  transference  of  the 
Electorate.  But  the  minister  Zuniga  (as  was  discovered  just  before  his  death 
in  Sept.,  1622)  had  been  secretly  encouraging  the  Emperor  to  carry  out  his 
plan.     (Gardiner,  iv,  pp.  330,  377.) 

8  Edward  Deering  ;  on  Feb.  3  Wotton  wrote  to  Calvert  :  *  It  hath  pleased 
Almighty  God  to  contemper  the  jollity  of  this  time  (the  carneval)  in  my  house, 
with  the  late  death  of  my  steward  and  kinsman,  by  name  Edward  Deering, 
who.  after  long  waitings  and  weakenings,  was  on  Thursday  last,  at  night, 
mrprised  with  that  kind  of  convulsion  which  they  call  the  tetanus,  wherewith  he 
languished  speechless,  yet  with  comfortable  signs  of  inward  devotion,  till  the 
next  evening.  Voluntas  tua  fiat  Domine,  which  is  the  last  philosophy,  both  of 
heaven  and  earth.'    (S.  P.  Yen.) 

wottojt.  ii  O 


226  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

The  deputed  Cardinals  of  the  Congregation  or  Committee  in  Rome 
touching  his  Majesty's  matrimonial  treaty  with  Spaine,1  having  re- 
solved negatively,  even  after  six  assemblies,  the  Cardinal  Ludovisio 
and  the  Spanish  ambassador  went  jointly  to  the  Pope,  to  pray  him, 
that  by  no  means  the  negative  resolution  should  be  divulged  as  yet, 
but  suppressed  for  a  time,  because  some  turns  were  to  be  done  by 
the  concealment  thereof.     Hereupon  the  Venetian  ambassador,  by 
name  Reniero  Zen 2  (the  most  diving  man  the  Republic  hath  held 
in  that  Court,   and  of  much  confidence  with  the  Pope  upon   old 
acquaintance),  observing  that  the  foresaid  Congregation  had  voted, 
and   that   their   censures  were   concealed,    comes  to  the   Cardinal 
Ludovisio,  the  Pope's  nephew  before  named,  and  extracts  from  him 
the  whole  matter,  with  the  means  and  reason  of  the  suppression. 
This  I  have  received  from  a  credible,  and  I  would  say,  from  an 
infallible  fountain,  if  it  did  not  become  my  simplicity,  in  a  point 
so  much  concerning  the  eternal  dishonour  of  a  great  King,  to  leave 
always  some  possibility  of  misinformation.     Yet  thus  much  more 
I  must  add,  not  out  of  intelligence,  but  from  sober  discourse,  that 
although  the  present  Pope  hath  been  hitherto  esteemed  more  French 
than  any  of  his  predecessors  a  great  while,  yet  is  not  the  King 
of  Spaine  such  a  bankrupt  in  Rome,  but  that  he  might  easily  have 
procured  an  assent  in  the  fore-named  Congregation,  or  at  least  a 
resolution  sooner,  than  after  five  or  six  meetings  of  the  deputed 
cardinals,  unless  delays  had  been  studied.      Be  it  how  it  will ;  as 
to  his  Majesty  doth  belong  the  sovereignty  of  judgement,  so  to  his 
poor  honest  creatures  abroad,  the  liberty  of  relation,  and  a  franker 
discharge  of  our  zeal  and  duties.     To  which  I  will  subscribe  my 
unworthy  name. 

1  The  negotiations  for  the  Spanish  marriage  treaty  were  now  proceeding  more 
actively  than  ever,  and  in  March,  1622,  Digby  went  to  Spain  to  arrange  the 
terms.  Wotton's  secret  sources  of  information,  both  from  Rome  and  from  the 
Venetians,  enabled  him  to  hint  to  James  I  that  the  Spaniards  were  not  acting 
in  good  faith,  and  had  no  intention  of  allowing  the  marriage  to  take  place.  On 
July  8,  1621,  he  reported  the  rumoured  death-bed  determination  of  Philip  III 
to  marry  the  Infanta  to  the  Emperor's  son  ;  on  March  22,  1622,  he  sent  news 
which  came  '  ex  ipsofonte7,  and  which  he  said  he  was  sorry  that  it  was  his  duty 
to  deliver,  that  the  Pope,  on  hearing  that  the  transference  of  the  Electorate 
was  to  be  kept  secret  until  the  marriage  treaty  was  concluded,  '  fell  into  a 
Bolognian  passion,'  declaring  that  he  had  been  deceived,  as  the  Spanish 
ministers  had  told  him  that  this  treaty  was  never  meant.  On  Sept.  9  he  wrote 
that  he  heard  the  Pope  had  referred  the  conditions  of  the  dispensation  to  the 
King  of  Spain,  to  be  afterwards  approved  and  ratified  at  Rome,  *  which  is,' 
Wotton  said,  '  to  convert  time  into  eternity.'     (S.  P.  Ven.) 

2  Rainieri  Zeno,  ambassador  at  Rome  in  1622,  afterwards  famous  for  his 
attempts  to  reform  the  government  of  Venice.     (Romanin,  vii,  pp.  200-37.) 


TO   SIR   GEORGE  CALVERT  227 


3(14.     To  Sir  Gkorok  Calvkkt. 

S.  P.  Veti.,  dictated.     The  answer  of  the  Senate  to  James  I's  request; 
the  Franco- Venetian  alliance  ;  De  Dominis. 

Venice,  the  f6  of  March,  1621(2). 
Right  Honourable, 

Herewith  come  this  Duke's  letters  unto  his  Majesty  in  exchange 

of  his,1  and  herein  an  accompt  of  the  Senate's  answer  to  me,  besides 

other  private  matter. 

They  tell  me  what  a  feeling  they  have  of  his  Majesty's  present 

troubles,  and  how  much  they  repute  themselves  interested   in  his 

ends.     They  profess  a  singular  well-wishing  towards  his  8ercm 

liencro,  even  from  the  beginning  of  his  motions.     They  pretend  to 

have  prevented  his  Majesty's  desire  of  their  concurrence  with  his 

said  son-in-law  (the  subject  of  his  writing)  three  several  ways.    First, 

in  their  late  contract  with  Count  Mansfeld,  whereof  the  scope  was, 

by  settling  his  future  fortunes,  to  fix  his  present  thoughts  in  the 

place  where  he  is,  who  else  might  perhaps  have  been  diverted  by 

the  arts  and  offers  of  other  Princes.     Secondly,  in  their  colligation 

with  the  States,  and  contribution  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand 

florins  monthly  to  the  charge  of  their  war,  whereby  they  will  be 

the  abler  to  assist  his  Majesty's  said  son-in-law.     Thirdly,  in  a  new 

engagement  of  themselves  to  the  French  King,  and  to  the  Duke 

of  Savoye  in  the  business  of  the  Grisons,  wherein  they  have  promised 

to  concur  with  important  succours,  if  the  said  King  shall  proceed 

di  bum  pkde.     These  three  things  they  tie  together  as  it  were  in 

a  knot  of  common  interest  with  his  Majesty  and  with  his,  either 

directly  or  by  way  of  diversion.2     They  conclude  with  wishes  of  his 

1  Wotton  read  the  King's  letter,  requesting  help  for  the  Palatinate  (ante, 
i,  p.  182),  to  the  Doge  on  March  1.  After  this  audience  Wotton  was  again  ill, 
and  sent  his  secretary  to  inform  the  Doge  of  his  indisposition,  with  a  message 
to  the  effect  that  he  had  lost  ten  ounces  of  blood,  and  was  ready  to  shed  what 
remained  in  the  service  of  the  Republic.  The  Venetian  secretary  then  came  to 
read  the  Senate's  answer.     (Esp.  Prin.,  March  1,  11,  1622.) 

3  The  dispatches  of  Sachetti,  the  Tuscan  resident  at  Venice,  make  it  char 
that  the  Venetians  attached  little  weight  to  these  negotiations  with  James  I, 
who  had  fallen  into  general  disesteem  and  almost  contempt  by  the  way  he  had 
allowed  himself  to  be  hoodwinked  in  regard  to  the  Palatinate.  Sachetti  writes 
that  in  his  audience  of  March  1  Wotton  received  risposte  molto  fredde  t->  his 
request  for  help  for  the  Elector  Palatine,  the  Venetians  being  aware  that  James 
Would  never  help  them,  as  it  was  known  that  he  was  not  willing  to  take  part  in 
tli.  .  oncerns  of  his  friends  when  they  were  likely  to  give  him  any  trouble.  As 
to  the  Elector,  one  of  the  senators  remarked  that  they  were  not  bound  to 
consider  his  interests  more  than  his  father  in-law  had  done,  who  had  allowed 
him  to  be  ruined,  because  he  wanted  to  aid  him  without  danger  to  himself,  and 
When  it  was  too  late.  Wotton,  with  some  alteration  of  countenance,  began  to 
reply,  but  some  other  councillors  cried  '  l>asta}  basta  !'  and  the  Vi«.  Doge  repeated 
tli>  remarks  of  the  outspoken  senator  in  a  more  polite  form.  Arch,  Med.  3007, 
March  5,  1622. 

Q2 


228  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

tranquillity,  and  with  reverent  profession  of  their  own  obligations 
and  love  to  his  royal  person.  This  is  the  extract  of  their  answer 
unto  me,  concluded  in  Senate,  the  week  after  I  had  presented  his 
Majesty's  letters  and  done  the  part  of  a  poor  servant  in  pressing 
his  desires.  Which  said  answer,  though  it  did  seem  unto  me  very 
fairly  and  friendly  couched,  with  conformable  order  given  to  their 
own  ambassador,  yet  because  it  was  in  general  terms,  as  both  his 
Majesty's  letters  and  my  intercession  were,  I  held  it  my  duty  to 
reply  'that  I  did  remain  satisfied  for  the  present,  but  with  this 
hope,  that  when  his  Majesty  should  be  more  particular  in  the  trial 
of  their  friendship,  they  would  be  so  also  in  the  demonstration 
thereof '. 

At  their  engagement  to  the  French  King  in  the  Ehaetian  affairs 
(which  I  have  now  from  their  own  public  voice,  having  before  only 
advertised  the  same  out  of  private  intelligence)  I  find  cause  to 
wonder,  when  I  consider  the  late  exhaustion  of  near  twelve  millions 
in  the  bangling1  war  of  Friuli,  and  subvention  of  Savoye,  without  the 
purchase  of  so  much  as  a  mole-hill  or  any  other  imaginable  fruit, 
save  two  experiences.  The  one  that  abundance  of  counsel,  and 
curious  deliberation,  by  which  they  subsist  in  time  of  peace,  is  as 
great  a  disadvantage  in  time  of  action.  The  other,  that  republics, 
which  administer  their  moneys  by  more  hands  than  monarchies,  are 
by  this  distribution  of  their  trust  the  more  defrauded.  This  is  all, 
for  ought  I  know,  that  they  did  learn  themselves,  or  any  other  that 
looked  on ;  yet  necessity  of  state  seems  again  to  have  involved 
them  in  a  near  hazard  of  new  troubles  at  hand,  which,  if  they  pro- 
ceed, will  without  doubt  farther  and  farther  enfold  them  likewise  in 
the  maintenance  of  foreign  diversions. 

Thus  much  in  discharge  of  his  Majesty's  commands.  I  must  now 
represent  some  secret  things  for  more  caution  under  cipher.  The  last 
week  the  ambassador  of  the  King  of  Spaine  in  Rome  at  a  private 
audience,  desired  from  the  Pope  a  safe  conduct  for  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Spalato2  to  return  to  Rome,  adding  that  the  King 
of  Spaine  would  give  him  the  bishopric  of  Salerno.  The  Pope 
made  him  to  this,  as  he  thought,  meritorious  proposition  an  unex- 
pected answer.  'The  Church  doth  shut  her  bosom  to  none,  but 
willingly  embraceth  the  strayed  sheep,  and  therefore  the  said 
party  should  need  for  his  safeguard  no  such  formality,  and  that 
touching  the  offered  bishopric,  it  was  a  point  of  dangerous  con- 

1  '  Bangling,'  from  the  obs.  verb  bangle,  to  fritter  away,  squander.    (K.  E.  D.) 

2  On  Jan.  16, 1622,  De  Dominis  expressed  to  James  I  his  intention  of  returning 
to  Rome,  where  he  expected  to  be  welcomed  by  the  new  Pope,  Gregory  XV, 
who  had  been  his  friend  in  his  youth.     For  the  history  of  his  life  in  England, 

see  Gardiner,  iv,  pp.  286,  287. 


TO  SIR  GEORGE  CALVERT 

sequence,  and  might  incite  others  to  aim  at  like  promotion  by  the 
same  means,  and  so  breed  divers  apostacies.'  This  was  the 
answer  in  substance  ;  which  yet  as  it  is  thought,  shall  be  concealed, 
and  the  party  be  drawn  to  Rome  under  the  protection  of  the  King 
of  Spaine,  upon  the  Pope's  bare  promise  of  security,  as  if  the  safe 
conduct  were  formally  granted,  which  was  the  case  of  Fulgentio 
the  Franciscan1.  The  above-named  party  has  written  hither 
secretly  to  a  kinsman  or  two,  touching  the  subject  of  his  retire- 
ment, practised  between  him  and  three  others,  namely  the  Conde 
de  Gondomar,  a  certain  quondam  friar  who  lives  with  the  party 
himself,  and  a  musician,  servant  to  Prince  Charles,  and  by  birth 
a  Padua  no.3  In  his  letters  to  one  of  his  foresaid  kinsmen,  he 
saith  that  the  rumour  of  a  safe  conduct  already  sent  him  was  false, 
but  that  himself  was  resolved  to  pass  to  Rome  if  he  shall  see  that 
the  service  of  God  doth  require  it,  whom  he  perceiveth  miraculously 
to  govern  his  actions,  and  therefore  hopeth  for  some  great  fruit 
by  his  means ;  alluding  to  an  imagined  reconcilement  of  the 
Religions — as  if  he  meant  to  ask  the  banns  of  matrimony  between 
yea  and  no !  By  a  letter  to  another  kinsman  it  appeareth  that  he 
had  before  given  order  to  some  one  of  his  to  come  unto  him ;  which 
order  in  a  later  letter  he  revoketh,  saying,  he  hopeth  himself  to 
come  into  Italie  per  gran  ncgotii,  and  that  by  his  return,  he  shall 
recover  500  crowns  per  annum  which  his  nephew  (placed  by  him 
at  Spa  la  to  upon  that  condition)  hath  been  forbidden  to  pay  him, 
whilst  he  is  with  his  Majesty.  He  concludeth  that  Sir  Henry 
Wot  ton  had  given  advertisement  to  his  Majesty  that  he  would 
depart,  ma  non  ha  fatto  il  colpo  clw  si  credeva. 

Of  all  this  it  may  please  his  Majesty  to  rest  very  assured  ;  whom 
I  must  most  humbly  beseech  that  some  course  may  be  taken  to 
seize  all  his  letters  which  he  hath  received  from  abroad,  because 
some  of  the  best   affected  have  perchance  enlarged  themselves 

1  Fulgenzio  Manfredi,  ante,  i,  p.  496. 

2  '  This  piece  is  not  out  of  the  party's  own  letters,  but  from  other  intelligence ' 
(Wotton's  note  in  margin).  Fuller's  story  is  to  the  effect  that  De  Dominis,  vrho 
'delighted  in  jeering',  had  scoffed  at  Gondomar,  who  in  revenge  told  James  I 
that  \w  had  been  deceived  by  De  Dominis,  in  spite  of  his  ability  in  discovering 
witches  and  possessed  persons.  Gondomar  then  arranged  a  plot  to  entice  the 
archbishop  back  to  Rome,  getting  the  King  of  Spain  to  procure  from  Gregory  XV 
a  safe  conduct  and  a  promise  of  pardon  and  preferment  {Church  History,  ed. 
Brewer,  pp.  504-30).  Prof.  Gardiner  believes  this  account  to  be  prejudiced,  and 
regards  it  as  very  doubtful  whether  Gondomar  had  anything  to  do  wit  h  Um  return 
of  De  Dominis  to  Rome  (Gardiner,  iv,  p.  287  n.).  Fuller's  account,  however,  is 
confirmed  by  the  above  'intelligence '  mentioned  by  Wotton  ;  by  a  narrative  of 
De  Dominis'  return,  now  in  the  S.  P.  Ven.  (vol.  xxiv)  ;  and  by  a  letter  from  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  to  Sir  Thomas  K<><-,  in  whieh  Abbot  writes,  'the 
Spanish  ambassador  did  secretly  work  with  him  to  draw  him  away.'  (Roe. 
p.  102.) 


230  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

farther  unto  him  than  would  be  safe  for  them,  if  he  should  return 
with  such  testimonies  in  his  hand.  Besides,  there  is  much  inquiring 
after  the  author  of  the  book  against  the  Council  of  Trent,  which 
the  same  party  can  best  discover,  and  perhaps  may  have  by  him 
some  of  the  original  sheets  that  were  likewise  fit  to  be  seized.  But 
I  am  only  a  relater,  his  Majesty's  wisdom  will  best  know  how  to 
obviate  all  inconveniences.  I  will  conclude  with  a  third  confirmation 
of  what  I  have  formerly  written,  first,  expressly  by  one  of  my 
servants,  and  then  again  under  cipher  by  the  ordinary,  touching  the 
marriage  of  Prince  Charles  with  the  Infanta  Maria,  denied  by 
practice  in  Rome ;  and  these  duties  I  hope  his  Majesty  will  graciously 
accept  from  my  humble  zeal. 

The  present,  with  the  Duke's  letters,  I  send  by  one  Mr.  Hum- 
freys1,  intending  otherwise  a  speedy  return  home  for  his  own 
occasions,  and  the  willinger  to  increase  his  haste  for  the  doing 
of  this  service  ;  of  which  cheap  opportunity,  after  your  frugal  pre- 
monition, I  was  prone  to  take  hold.  Only  I  beseech  you,  Sir,  to 
give  him  thanks,  and  in  any  of  his  own  honest  necessities  at  home 
to  yield  him  your  favourable  countenance.  And  so  the  Lord's 
blessing  be  with  you. 

Your  long  devoted 

Henry  Wotton. 

365.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ven  ,  holograph,  Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  449.     Wotton  thanks  Calvert  for 
getting  his  German  expenses  paid. 

Venice,  this  T%  of  March,  1621<2). 
Sir, 

Besides  the  address  of  my  public  duties  unto  your  hands,  I  have 
long  owed  you  these  private  lines,  full  of  thanks  from  my  heart  for 
your  favour  and  affection  in  all  my  occasions  at  home,  and  particularly 
in  the  point  of  my  privy  seal,  about  my  German  accompts 2 :  wherein 
(as  I  am  abundantly  informed,  both  by  my  nephew,  and  by  Mr. 
Nicolas  Pey,  whom  I  repute  my  best  oracles  in  the  information  of 
mine  own  obligations)  it  pleased  you  to  stand  by  me,  not  only  da  vcro 

1  Philip  Humphreys. 

2  It  was  more  than  ever  difficult  at  this  time  for  ambassadors  to  get  the 
money  paid  which  was  owing  to  them.  In  spite  of  the  economies  of  the  new 
Lord  Treasurer,  Cranfield,  there  was  no  money  in  the  treasury.  In  the  autumn 
of  this  year  a  sum  of  nearly  £3,000  was  owing  to  Sir  Dudley  Carleton  at  the 
Hague.  Wotton,  however,  was  more  fortunate,  as  in  July,  1621,  a  warrant 
was  issued  declaring  his  Majesty's  pleasure  that  Wotton  should  have  the 
benefit  of  £3,000,  '  formerly  intended  to  be  defalked  with  his  entertainment, 
which  now  his  Majesty  is  pleased  to  bestow  upon  him  out  of  his  free  gift  an  1 
princely  bounty.'     (Docquet  Book,  vii.) 


TO  SIR  GEORGE  CALVERT  231 

amico,  but  indeed,  da  vcro  cavaliere ;  from  which,  though  the  benefit 
which  did  remain  in  my  purse,  after  the  casting  up  of  what  was  lost 
by  exchange  ;  by  the  raising  of  moneys  through  the  Empire  in  value  ; 
by  the  proportionable  rising  of  all  commodities  in  price  ;  by  interest 
that  ran  before  the  repayment ;  and  lastly  by  my  extraordinary  charge 
in  the  Bavarian  journey,  was  (as  God  knows)  so  little,  that  I  may 
justly  build  some  hope  of  your  further  charity  in  the  authorizing  of 
such  demands  as  I  now  send.  Yet  on  the  other  side  I  must  confess, 
that  without  your  former  so  friendly  and  so  noble  compassion,  I  had 
received  a  most  irrecoverable  ruin  and  shame,  beyond  all  example ; 
and  my  case  would  have  been  very  strange,  for  I  should  have  been 
undone  by  the  King's  goodness,  upon  assurance  whereof  (though 
almost  forgotten)  I  had  increased  my  train.  Now,  Sir,  this  acknow- 
ledgement of  your  singular  love  I  was  never  more  fit  to  pay  you  than 
at  the  present,  being  intenerated  in  all  my  inward  feelings  and  affec- 
tions by  new  sickness,  which  with  loss  of  much  blood,  even  no  less 
than  twenty  ounces  within  these  fourteen  days,  hath  brought  me  low. 
In  which  time,  if  God  had  called  me  from  the  travails  of  this  earth, 
I  had  left  you  out  of  my  narrow  fortune  some  poor  remembrance  of 
my  thankfulness,  which  I  have  now  (finding  myself  by  God's  pleasure 
in  a  good  way  of  recovery)  transmitted  to  my  abovesaid  friend  Mr. 
Pey.  Before  I  end,  I  must  not  forget  to  ease  your  Honour  of  such 
thanks  as  in  your  letters  you  have  been  pleased  to  bestow  on  me,  in 
respect  of  your  kinsman,  Michael  Branthwaite,  because  his  being  with 
me  I  do  very  rightly  reckon  among  my  bands  to  yourself.  For  in 
good  faith,  his  integrity  and  discretion  doth  sustain  my  house  ; 
besides  his  fellowship  in  certain  studies,  wherein  we  aim  at  no  small 
things,  even  perchance  at  a  new  system  of  the  world  :  at  least,  since 
we  cannot  in  the  practical  and  moral,  I  would  we  could  mend  it  in 
the  speculative  part.  But  lest  these  private  contemplations  (on 
which  I  am  fallen)  transport  me  too  far,  I  will  conclude  as  I  began, 
with  humble  thanks  for  all  your  favours,  and  with  commending  your 
honoured  person  to  the  Author  of  all  blessings.  Remaining  ever 
Your  poor  servant  of  long  devotion, 

Henry  Wotton. 

366.     To  Sir  Dudley  Carleton. 

&  P.  Ven.,  holograph,  extract.    The  arrest  of  Antonio  Foscarini. 

Venice,  this  fs  of  April,  1622. 

...  I  must  tell  your  Lordship  (and  yet  in  a  fit  place)  that  the  Cavalier 
Anthonio  Foscarini,  coming  from  Senate  on  Friday  last,  about  two  or 
three  hours  of  the  night,  was  by  orders  of  the  Inquisitors  of  State 


232  LETTERS    OF   WOTTON 

muffled,  and  so  carried  to  a  bad  lodging.  Such  examples  as  these 
methinks  of  late  spesseggiano,  and  refresh  the  jealousy  of  conversation 
with  strangers.     Of  his  case  I  shall  speak  more  in  a  postscript.  .  . 

Postscript.  The  Cavalier  Foscarini  is  said,  at  his  second  con- 
vention, before  the  Died,  to  have  feigned  some  distraction,  unless 
they  mistook  the  matter,  being  perchance  but  a  small  recess  from 
his  natural  temper.  Before  to-morrow  at  night  I  believe  he  will  be 
sentenced  to  some  ten  years'  imprisonment.  His  fault,  by  the  prob- 
ablest  voices,  seemeth  to  have  been  a  secret  meeting  in  disguised 
habit  with  the  Nuncio  and  the  Emperor's  resident ;  and  so  the  State 
may  presume  more  evil  than  they  can  prove.  He  is  said  likewise 
to  have  led  a  courtesan  to  Monsignor  de  Leon's  2  house  vizarded,  and 
then  calling  himself  Bernardo  Tiepolo  ;  which  change  of  name  doth 
stir  suspicion  ;  for  otherwise  the  fact  itself  se  ne  va  con  V  acqua  santa. 
More  in  my  next. 

367.     To    — . 

S.  P.  Ven.,  transcript.    No  date ;  read  at  Wotton's  audience  of  April  29. 

(April  29  ?,  1622.) 
A  true  report  in  substance  of  the  reasons  that  moved  the  Bight  Honourable 
and  Excellent  Lady,  Countess  of  Arandell  and  Surrie,  to  demand 
access  to  the  Duke  of  Venice  as  he  sat  in  College  ;  ivhich  she  had  the 
22th  of  April,  1622. 

Sir  Henry  Wotton,  ambassador  for  his  Majesty  with  the  Republic, 
supposing  that  the  forenamed  Countess  had  been  at  her  villa  near 
Dolo,  some  ten  miles  from  Venice,  on  the  21st  of  the  said  month  of 
April  sent  Mr.  John  Dyneley 3,  his  secretary,  with  a  letter  of  credence 
directed  unto  her  Ladyship,  with  instructions  importing  three  points. 

First,  that  in  dutiful  respect,  both  public  and  private,  he  had  sent 
him  to  acquaint  her  Ladyship  with  strong  intelligence  brought  him, 
and  much  published  in  the  city,  upon  the  unhappy  case  of  Foscarini, 
that  he  had  suffered  in  part  for  certain  meetings  with  some  public 
ministers  in  the  house  of  the  said  Countess  on  the  Canal  Grande. 

Secondly,  that  as  the  said  ambassador  was  informed  by  credible 
means,  no  longer  than  that  very  morning  (though  the  former  point 
he  had  heard  some  good  while  before)  that  the  State  had  a  purpose 
to  intimate  unto  her  Ladyship  a  determinate  time  of  departure. 

Thirdly,  that  therefore  for  avoiding  the  affront  of  such  an  intima- 
tion, and  likewise  the  hazard  of  some  one  of  her  servants,  his  poor 
advice  was  (under  her  Ladyship's  correction),  that  she  should  do  well 

1  *  Convention,'  the  act  of  summoning  before  a  judge  or  other  person 
authority.     (N.  E.  D.) 

3  De  Leon  Bruslart,  the  French  ambassador. 
8  John  Dynely,  see  Appendix  III. 


TO   233 

to  stay  abroad  in  her  villa,  without  coming  to  Venice  until  the  said 
ambassador  should  send  her  further  information. 

The  ambassador's  said  secretaiy,  not  finding  her  Ladyship  (as  was 
■apposed)  at  her  villa,  found  her  in  coach  near  Fusina,  going  to 
Venice,  where  he  delivered  the  foresaid  letter  and  his  message. 
Whereupon  her  Ladyship  did  answer  the  said  secretary  that  she  stood 
in  no  fear,  but  would  go  on  to  Venice,  where  she  was  pleased  to  land 
at  the  said  ambassador's  house,  between  whom  and  her  Ladyship 
there  passed,  in  the  presence  of  her  attendants,  much  discourse  upon 
her  own  particular  inquiry  of  all  circumstances  in  this  vile  report. 
In  which  discourse  the  said  ambassador  told  her  Ladyship  (out  of 
such  foresaid  credible  intelligence  as  had  been  brought  him)  very 
warmly  this  circumstance  following  : — 

That  the  Pope's  Nuncio  and  the  Emperor's  resident  were  said  to 
have  met  the  late  Cavalier  Foscarini  divers  times  at  her  house,  at 
late  hours  in  the  night ;  that  Foscarini  used  to  come  thither  disguised 
with  a  broad  French  hat,  a  short  cloak,  and  armed  ;  that  her  servant, 
whom  the  said  ambassador  had  intimated  by  his  secretary  to  be  in 
some  unsafety,  was  Signore  Francesco  Vercellini,  as  he  conceived  of 
him,  only  because  he  was  a  subject  unto  the  State  ;  that  the  general 
report  of  these  meetings  had  run  since  Foscarini's  first  arraignment ; 
lastly,  that  when  word  was  brought  to  the  said  ambassador  of  the 
intended  warning  to  be  given  to  her  Ladyship,  he  had  made  haste 
(though  without  all  misconceit  of  himself)  to  let  her  know  it,  both  in 
particular  duty  to  her  noble  person  and  name,  and  likewise  as  his 
Majesty's  servant,  for  that  no  indignity  would  befall  a  lady  of  so 
eminent  degree,  without  some  reflection  upon  the  public. 

Hereupon  her  Ladyship,  after  she  had  declared  the  notorious  false- 
hood of  this  filthy  voice,  whereunto  she  had  never  suggested  so  much 
occasion  as  the  receiving  of  the  least  compliment  from  any  of  these 
voiced  persons,  nor  from  Foscarini  himself,  more  than  that  he  had 
sent  her  word,  at  her  first  coming  to  Padova  about  eighteen  months 
since,  that  he  would  come  to  see  her  at  Venice  ;  which  yet  he  never 
did,  but  by  a  Jew  sent  his  excuse :  I  say  after  this  declaration  her 
Ladyship  was  pleased  to  consult  with  the  said  ambassador  what 
course  she  should  take  to  extinguish  this  report,  so  scandalous  to  her 
own  honour,  to  her  family,  and  to  the  nation. 

The  ambassador  was  willing  to  have  taken  respite,  till  he  might 
particularly  learn  the  occasion  of  this  noise,  and  accordingly  inform 
her  further.  But  her  Ladyship,  well  weighing  that  this  being  so 
generally  reported,  and  out  of  such  intelligence  conceived  (howsoever 
the  said  ambassador  was  satisfied  out  of  his  good  opinion  of  her),  yet 
it  concerned  her  honour  to  give  some  public  satisfaction  of  her  inn.- 


234  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

cency,  and  likewise  to  receive  some  public  reparation  for  so  great 
a  wrong  done  unto  her  by  those  that  were  the  authors,  she  there- 
upon prayed  the  said  ambassador  to  send  immediately  for  the  pro- 
curing of  audience  the  next  day,  which  he  could  not  do,  being  then 
near  four  hours  of  the  night.  But  the  morning  following,  very  early, 
her  Ladyship  did  again  honour  the  said  ambassador's  house,  and  came 
to  tell  him  that  upon  serious  consideration  she  had  resolved  to  defer 
the  justifying  of  herself  and  family  no  longer.  Whereupon  after  a 
little  discourse,  the  said  ambassador  (though  then  ill-disposed,  as  he 
had  long  been)  did  fit  himself  to  wait  upon  her  Ladyship.  The  Duke 
and  the  College  of  his  assistants  (which  are  the  principal  personages 
of  the  State)  received  her  Ladyship  with  all  possible  circumstances 
of  honour  and  respect,  both  in  their  countenances  and  gestures, 
placing  her  immediately  next  himself  on  his  right  hand,  between 
him  and  the  Savii  Grandi,  and  the  ambassador  on  the  other  side, 
who  served  then  only  as  an  interpreter  of  her  noble  resentment, 
which  she  had  contracted  into  two  requests : 

The  first,  that  if  according  to  the  aforesaid  rumour,  her  name  or 
house  had  been  touched  in  the  process  of  the  said  Foscarini,  the 
accuser  might  be  produced.  The  second,  that  because  the  report  was 
grown  public,  she  might  have  a  public  satisfaction.  In  the  delivery 
whereof  the  ambassador  did  declare  it  was  himself x  that  had  signified 
unto  her  Ladyship  that  malicious  rumour  while  she  was  abroad. 
When  the  Duke  had  heard  her  and  the  ambassador  with  much  atten- 
tion, he  fell  into  the  most  passionate  and  vehement  speech,  that  surely 
could  proceed  from  any  man  in  the  world  ;  protesting  that  there  was 
never  any  the  least  suggestion,  thought,  or  imagination  of  any  point 
concerning  her  Ladyship  or  her  family  in  the  unhappy  case  of  Fos- 
carini ;  that  they  then  present  in  the  College  did  repute  themselves 
honoured  with  her  access,  and  the  city  with  her  abode  in  so  noble, 
so  decent,  and  unscandalous  a  manner  amongst  them  ;  that  there 
was  no  nation  in  the  world  with  whom  they  durst  more  confidently 
communicate  the  very  secrets  of  their  Senate  than  with  his  Majesty's 
subjects  of  Great  Britain  ;  that  the  ambassador  (to  whom  he  then 
turned  a  little)  had  long  known  them  and  they  him,  without  any 
complaints  or  jealousies  ;  that  many  abominable  false  reports  were 
unavoidable  in  all  States,  amongst  the  mass  of  people ;  but  if  the 
sower  of  this  could  be  found  out,  it  should  appear  by  exemplary 
punishment  how  much  they  detested  the  wronging  of  such  a  lady, 
with  whose  great  qualities  and  virtuous  demeanour  they  were  well 
acquainted,  and  with  the  true  nobleness  of  the  Earl  her  husband,  to 
whom  the  Duke  desired  to  be  very  kindly  remembered.  Lastly,  he 
1  See  ante,  i,  p.  187. 


TO   235 

grayed  her  to  quiet  her  own  thoughts,  and  to  assure  herself  that  there 
w.is  nothing  but  most  honourable  and  worthy  conceit  of  her  in  this 
lUte. 

With  which  full  and  serious  answer  her  Ladyship  was  so  satisfied, 
Unit  she  thought  fit  not  to  trouble  them  with  any  further  declaration, 
and  so  ended  with  a  fair  compliment,  that  because  she  had  no  other 
paeans  to  serve  them,  she  had  expressed  her  affection  with  living  both 
herself  and  her  children  some  good  time  in  this  nu nous  city,  where 
she  had  received  all  noble  courtesy. 

Henry  Wotton. 


368.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Vol,  holograph.    An  earthquake  in  Venice. 

Venice,  the  day  after  the  feast  of 
the  Ascension,  (May  6)  sty.  no. 
1622. 
Eight  Honourable, 

This  week  hath  yielded  new  motions  both  civil  and  natural. 
The  civil  among  the  Grisons  \  who  are  again  in  tumult,  and  as  it 
should  seem  to  some  purpose  ;  for  this  very  morning  the  Republic 
hath  given  knowledge  thereof  in  College  to  the  French  ambassador 
as  a  material  overture  ;  whereof  I  shall  say  more  in  my  next.  The 
natural  have  been  here :  where  we  were  yesterday  shaken  with  an 
earthquake  about  the  point  of  noon ;  which  was  much  signalized  by 
the  celebrity  of  the  day  and  time,  happening  just  when  the  Duke 
and  Signory  were  returned  from  the  solemn  espousing  of  the  sea :  so 
as,  in  a  poetical  age,  it  would  have  been  thought  that  Neptune  in 
some  anger  had  stirred  these  islands  with  his  trident.  This  was  the 
fourth  that  I  had  felt  in  my  lifetime,  and  surely  in  true  judgement 
of  all  the  most  terrible,  not  for  the  violence,  but  for  the  slow  measure 
and  regularity  of  the  motion,  appearing  like  an  orderly  thing  that 
would  last :  which  God  be  blessed  it  did  not  above  four  or  five  semi- 
breves2.  How  general  it  was  I  cannot  yet  speak  further  than 
M ura no,  where  a  child  or  two  were  hurt  with  the  fall  of  a  marble 
table.  At  Venice  one  only  chimney  was  thrown  down.  And  this  is 
all  the  harm  that  I  yet  hear  about  our  lagitne.  Three  observations 
that  have  been  taken  are  somewhat  notable.  The  first,  that  different 
from  other  earthquakes,  it  was  as  sensible,  or  rather  more,  to  the  eye 
than  to  the  feet.     Secondly,  that  contrary  to  the  rules  of  meteoro- 

the  Duke  of  Feria  refused  to  carry  out  t  lie  terms  of  the  tnaty  of  Madrid, 
the  Orisons  again  invaded  the  Valtelline. 

Semibreve,'  a  whole  note  in  music,  or  the  space  of  time  measured  by  it. 


236  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

logists  it  fell  out  when  there  was  a  pretty  fresh  gale  in  the  air. 
And  the  third  observation  is  that  the  firmest  habitations  did  feel  it 
most.  In  my  house,  the  trencher  plates  and  other  vessels  that  stood 
upright  in  my  buttery  were  all  overturned,  and  one  of  my  gondoliers 
(with  whom  I  was  talking  at  the  time)  was  suddenly  strucken  with  a 
silent  stupidity,  his  feet  going  from  him  :  which  petty  circumstances 
I  do  register,  everything  being  almost  considerable  in  accidents  of 
such  horror.  The  Eternal  Mover  bless  us,  and  cover  us  with  His 
mercy,  and  divert  all  presagements  of  ill. 

Your  Honour's  at  command, 

Henry  Wotton. 

369.     To  John  Williams.1 

Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  424,  3rd  ed.,  p.  304.  Undated  (for  approximate  date,  see 
note  1).  Wotton  congratulates  the  Bishop  of  London  on  his  appoint- 
ment as  Lord  Keeper,  recommends  his  chaplain,  and  sends  news  of  the 
new  uprising  among  the  Grisons. 

(Venice,  May  ?  1622.) 

Eight  Keverend,  and  Eight  Honourable,  my  very  good  Lord, 
Having  not  yet  passed  with  your  good  Lordship  so. much  as  the 
common  duty  of  congratulation 2  (to  whom  I  am  so  obliged,  both  for 
your  love  to  my  dearest  nephew,  and  for  your  gracious  remembrances 
of  mine  own  poor  name),  I  thought  it  even  a  particular  duty  to 
myself  to  acquaint  your  Lordship's  secretary 3,  my  ancient  and  worthy 
friend,  with  the  story  of  mine  own  evils,  that  your  Lordship  may 
know  my  silence  to  have  been,  as  I  may  well  term  it,  a  symptom  of 
my  infirmity. 

I  am  now  strong  again  to  serve  your  Lordship,  and  I  know  that  I 
have  a  friend  of  trust  at  home  (it  is  honest  Nicholas  Pey  that  I 
mean)  who  hath  often  leave,  by  your  favour,  to  wait  upon  you. 
Therefore  I  could  wish,  if  this  place  (where  I  am  grown  almost  a 
free  denizen)  may  yield  anything  for  your  use  or  delight,  that  you 
would  be  pleased,  either  to  acquaint  me  by  my  said  friend  plainly 
(which  shall  be  a  new  obligation)  with  your  commands,  or  at  least  to 
let  him  mark  your  desires.  Now  in  the  meantime,  because  I  know 
that  I  can  do  your  Lordship  no  greater  service  than  to  give  you 

1  In  the  Reliq.,  1st  ed.  (and  also  in  the  2nd),  this  letter  is  given  as  addressed 
'  to  the  Lord  Treasurer  Juxon  ',  which  plainly  is  a  mistake,  as  Juxon  was  at  this 
time  President  of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  and  did  not  become  Lord  Treasurer 
till  1636.  In  the  3rd  edition  of  the  Reliquiae  the  address  is  given  '  To  the  Lord 
Keeper  Williams  (ut  videtur)  162^ '.  The  address  is  no  doubt  correct,  the  date 
some  months  too  early,  as  the  uprising  in  the  Grisons  mentioned  at  the  end  of 
the  letter  was  not  till  about  May. 

2  Williams  was  appointed  Lord  Keeper  in  July,  1621,  after  the  fall  of  Bacon. 

3  (Sir)  William  Boswell.     (Cal.  S.  P.  Dom.,  1619-23,  p.  375.) 


TO  JOHN  WILLIAMS  237 

occasion  of  exercising  your  own  goodness,  I  will  take  the  freedom 
most  humbly  and  heartily  to  recommend  unto  your  charitable  and 
honourable  affections  a  very  worthy  person,  whose  fortune  is  no 
better  at  the  present  than  to  be  my  chaplain  ;  though  we  are,  or  at 
least  ought  all  to  be,  the  better  by  his  virtuous  example,  and  our 
time  the  better  spent  by  his  learned  conversation.  I  shall,  I  think, 
not  need  to  name  him  to  your  Lordship,  and  as  little  to  insist  either 
upon  his  moral  or  intellectual  merit.  Therefore  I  will  so  leave  it, 
and  commit  him  to  your  gracious  memory,  upon  some  good  occasion 
that  God  may  lay  before  you.  And  now  I  would  end,  but  that  I 
conceive  it  a  duty  to  tell  your  Lordship  first  how  we  stand  here  at 
this  date.  For  ambassadors  (in  our  old  Kentish  language)  are  but 
spies  of  the  time. 

We  are  studying  how  we  may  safely  and  cheaply  countenance  the 
new  motions  of  the  Grisons,  with  an  army  on  our  own  borders 
pointing  that  way  ;  which  even  reason  of  State  requireth,  when 
our  neighbours  are  stirring.  And  therefore  yet  the  King  of  Spain 
can  take  no  scandal  at  a  common  wisdom.  If  the  successes  shall  go 
forward  according  to  the  beginnings,  prosperity,  peradventure,  may 
invite  us  further  to  the  feast.  For  my  part,  if  they  would  have 
tasted  my  counsels,  they  had  been  long  since  engaged,  both  within 
and  without  Italy.1  But  I  dig  in  a  rock  of  diamonds.  And  so 
concluding  with  my  hearty  congratulations  for  your  Lordship's  pro- 
motions, both  spiritual  and  civil,  and  with  my  prayers  for  your  long 
enjoyment  of  them,  I  will  unfeignedly  subscribe  myself, 

Your  good  Lordship's  devoted  to  serve  you. 


370.    To  Sir  Dudley  Cableton. 

S.  P.  Ven.}  holograph.    Wotton's  requests  for  help  for  the  Palatinate  ; 
news  from  Constantinople. 

Venice,  Junii  §£,  1622. 
My  very  good  Lord, 

When  I  had  found,  by  a  late  letter  from  the  King  of  Bohemia  as 
then  at  Hagenouve 2,  what  honour  your  Lordship  had  done  me  with 
him.  by  those  thanks  which  his  Majesty  was  therein  pleased  to 
bestow  on  me,  I  was  touched  with  a  conscience  to  repay  them  to  the 
fountain  ;  but  much  more  when  yesterday  I  received  your  last  of  the 

1  Wotton's  advice  was  not  altogether  disinterested.  On  Dec.  28, 1621,  he  wrote 
about  the  Valtelline,  '  any  likelihood  of  trouble  in  these  parts  will  facilitate 
his  Majesty's  ends  with  the  Emperor  and  the  King  of  Spain,  and  therefore  it 
shall  be  my  duty  to  blow  this  coal  \     (S.  P.  Ven.) 

3  Hagenau  in  Alsace,  where  the  Elector  Palatine  joined  Count  Mansftld  and 
his  army. 


238  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

6th  of  June,  and  read  therein  under  your  own  hand  your  valuatioi 
of  my  poor  endeavours 1  with  my  most  royal  and  gracious  mistress 
the  Queen  ;  to  whom  I  am  resolved  not  to  write  till  I  have  don< 
something  that  may  satisfy  myself.  I  had  yesterday  a  new  assault 
upon  this  Duke,  by  occasion  of  presenting  unto  him  a  Scottish  gentle- 
man by  name  Reade 2,  recommended  hither  by  the  King,  before  whost 
introduction  I  took  opportunity  to  revive  the  subject  of  my  lettei 
from  Padova  touching  the  Count  Mansfeldt 3  (whereof  I  sent  you] 
Lordship  thence  the  copy),  and  I  told  the  Duke  that  since  my  return 
I  had  heard  a  voice  cK  io  crederei  volontieri  se  cost  commandasse,  that 
they  had  sent  the  said  Count  a  good  sum,  perhaps  the  better  to  quiel 
his  fancies  and  fix  him  where  he  is,  according  to  the  Senate's  inten 
tion,  as  I  was  bound  to  conceive.  And  if  it  were  not  true,  yet  i 
might  be  as  soon  as  it  should  please  him  ;  for  this  State  did  not  wanl 
means  to  pursue  neither  their  direct  nor  their  oblique  interests,  nor  t< 
support  themselves,  nor  to  oblige  their  friends.  And  for  my  part 
besought  him,  till  somewhat  were  done,  to  expect  little  quietness 
from  me,  who  could  not  but  represent  often  to  mine  own  memory 
how  cheerfully  his  Majesty  did  engage  himself  in  their  cause,  whei 
time  was,  with  hazard  of  his  own  peace.4     This  I  said,  and  mucl 

1  Wotton's  long  dispatch  of  May  £#,  1622,  giving  an  account  of  his '  endeavours' 
is  printed  in  the  Reliquiae,  3rd  and  4th  eds.,  pp.  536-44.     Early  in  April,  when 
he  was  ill  at  Padua,  Filippo   Calandrini,  an  agent  of  the  Elector  Palatine 
brought  him  a  letter  from  the  Elector  to  the  Doge,  begging  for  money  to  kee] 
Mansfeld's  army  together.     '  I  broke  my  course  of  physic,'  Wotton  wrote  to 
Carleton,  'and  flew   hither  with    all   the   spirit   and  strength   that   I   have. 
(S.  P.  Ven.,  April  5.)     On  April  14  he  read  the   Elector's  letter  to  the  Doge 
and  made  a  speech  pointing  out  the  merit  of  the  cause,  and  the  community 
of  their  interests.     On  May  4  he  made  a  more  determined  '  assault ',  declarin: 
that  during  the  fifteen  years  he  had  been  in  Venice  he  had  never  had  a  moi 
vehement  commission.  .  (Esp.  Prin.)     On  this  occasion  he  sent  in  a  copy  of  hi 
speech,  instead  of  relying  on  the  report  of  the  Venetian  secretary.     On  May 
the  answer  of  the  Senate  was  read  to  him.     It  contained  the  same  three  point 
(ante,  ii,  p.  227)  with,  Wotton  said,  'some  new  beautifying' — their  league  wit] 
the  Dutch,  the  money  they  were  already  sending  Mansfeld,  their  negotiation 
about  the  Valtelline.     To  this  they  added,  as  a  fourth  excuse,  the  new  uprising 
among  the  Grisons.     Wotton  replied  that  this  answer  was  but  'naked  bon< 
without  flesh',   'a  generality  of  good  will  and  no  direct  satisfaction.      An< 
whereas  now,  they  did  desire  me  likewise  to  reiterate  to  the  King,  my  master 
their  great  sensibility  of  the  common  interest,  I  told  them  ingenuously,  con  un 
stringer  di  spalle,  that  I  knew  not  well  how  to  do  it,  till  they  gave  me  moi 
subject ;  for  philosophy,  whose  naked  principles  I  had  more  studied  than  ar 
of  language,  had  taught  me,  even  in  one  of  her  most  fundamental  maxims 
that  ex  nihilo  nihil  fit.'     (Esp.  Prin.,  April  14,  May  4,  9,  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  542.) 

2  Lieut.  John  Reade,  recommended  to  the  Venetians  by  a  letter  from  James 
in  case  they  wished  to  make  new  levies  in  England.  Reade  had  come  to  Venic 
in  1618,  and  had  been  promised  a  commission.  He  was  now  given  a  proinis 
of  the  next  captain's  place  that  should  fall  vacant  in  the  Venetian  armi 
{Esp.  Prin.,  June  23  ;  S.  P.  Ven.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  542.) 

8  This  letter  is  now  in  the  Venice  Archives.  (Esp.  Prin.,  May  23  fiha. 
Wotton  said  that  Mansfeld  wished  to  abandon  the  Palatinate  ;  he  hoped  tl 
Venetians  would  send  him  money  to  enable  him  to  stay  there. 

4  During  the  Interdict. 


TO   SIR  DUDLEY   CARLETON  239 

more  ;  which  drew  from  him  a  great  deal  of  good  language,  and 
reassurance  of  some  effects,  when  they  shall  l»«  cased  of  these  nearer 
- :  having  sent  their  foreign  commanders  and  troops  towards  the 
Rhaetian  side,  though  rather  (as  I  am  sure  your  Lordship  will  under- 
stand it)  to  countenance  these  new  motions  than  for  any  actual 
engagement.  Yet  true  it  is  (as  he  told  me  withal)  that  moneys 
have  likewise  been  sent,  and  they  want  not  rhetoric  to  make  it 
appear  that  a  well  fomented  diversion  in  these  parts  will  do  the 
King  of  Bohemia  as  much  good  as  a  contribution.  The  propor- 
tion of  moneys  hitherto  sent  your  Lordship  may  imagine  to  be 
small,  but  I  hear  more  is  resolved  according  to  the  successes  and  as 
the  French  King  shall  stir,  from  whom  they  seem,  by  their  ambas- 
sador to  have  some  fresh  assurance,  that  he  will  not  be  removed  from 
the  first  treaty  of  Madrid,  concluded  by  Bassompierre l,  though 
certain  new  articles  have  been  vulgarly  spread  in  Spanish  of  a  later 
accord  between  the  two  Kings. 

From  Constantinople  we  hear  the  deposition,  imprisonment  and 
death  of  Sultan  Osman,2  the  re-establishment  of  Mustafa,  his  silly 
uncle,  for  lack  of  a  better,  and  in  short  a  total  and  united  revolt ,of 
all  the  Janissaries,  Spachies  and  Cadez,  with  massacre  of  the  principal 
officers  and  eunuchs,  not  sparing  the  Aga  Bash  a,  whose  person  to 
the  Janissaries  was  as  sacred  as  the  Gran  Signor's.  Doubtful  we  are 
what  humours  these  Turkish  commotions  will  stir  in  the  Hungarian 
Diet.  Some  fear  it  may  encourage  the  Emperor,  because  Bethelem 
Gabor  in  hoc  statu  rerum  can  expect  small  help  from  Constantinople, 
wherewith  he  wras  wont  to  keep  him  at  least  in  some  awe.  Others 
hope  (of  which  we  have  here  good  store)  that  the  Hungarians,  who 
little  fear  the  Almaignes  alone,  being  eased  of  doubt  on  their  back 
side,  will  speak  aloft.  No  small  fortune  hath  the  Spanish  King  in 
this  time  of  dangerous  distraction  in  his  kingdom  of  Naples 3  to  be 
free  of  all  fear  from  the  Levant.  And  these  are  our  discourses.  For 
action  is  in  your  parts.4 

From  his  Majesty  hath  been  sent  me  by  an  express  messenger 
the  whole  proceedings  with  Spalato,  to  obviate  ill  reports  which 

1  Francis  Baron  de  Bassompierre  (1576-1646),  French  ambassador  in  Spain. 
(N.  B.  Gen.) 

2  In  1617  the  Sultan  Achmet  died,  leaving  a  brother,  Mustafa,  and  a  son, 
Osman,  a  boy  of  eleven.  Mustafa  succeeded  as  Sultan,  but  proving  to  be  mad, 
lie  was  deposed,  and  the  boy  Osman  made  Sultan.  On  March  20,  1622,  Osman 
Was  strangled  by  the  Janissaries,  and  Mustafa  was  placed  again  on  the  throne, 
but  was  deposed  in  the  next  year. 

3  The  conspiracy  of  Ossuna  to  make  himself  King  of  Naples. 

4  Wotton  sent  the  same  news  to  Calvert  in  a  dispatch  of  this  date,  adding 
'These  are  our  discourses,  for  from  other  places  his  Majesty  must  have  action. 
I  am  Lrgatus  Statarius,  as  the  ancients  spake  of  still  personages  on  their  stages.' 

.  P.  Yen.) 


240  LETTERS  OF  WOTTON 

grow  apace.  But  let  me  ask  a  question  and  say  no  more  ;  who  can 
hinder  Rome  to  lie,  and  to  flatter  themselves  with  their  own  fictions  ? 
The  Lord  of  all  Truth  love  us,  and  maintain  His  own  cause,  to 
whom  committing  your  Lordship,  I  ever  rest 

Your  most  unfeigned  poor  friend  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

371.    To  the  Eakl  op  Arundel  and  Surrey. 

S.  P.  Ven.y  transcript.     Undated,  but  written  after  Wotton's  audience  of 
July  4.    The  presentation  of  Lord  Arundel's  sons  to  the  Doge. 

(July,  1622.) 

Right  Honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

Besides  an  accompt  due  unto  his  Majesty,  how  tenderly  his 
letters  of  thanks  *  in  behalf  of  my  most  honoured  Lady  your  wife  were 
here  received,  I  owe  likewise  therein  a  private  relation  unto  your 
Lordship,  which  hath  been  suspended  some  few  days,  in  hope  of 
discharging  it  by  an  express  messenger,  of  whom  I  have  some 
occasion  to  make  a  little  stay,  and  therefore  can  pardon  your  Lord- 
ship this  trouble,  nor  myself  this  duty,  no  longer. 

I  had  the  honour,  with  my  Lady's  good  liking,  to  present  my  Lord 
Matravers 2  and  Sir  Hen.  Haward  3  to  the  Duke  before  I  sat  down 
myself,  whom  he  received  according  to  our  Venetian  phrase  a  hraccia 
spalancate,  and  placed  them  among  the  Savii  di  terra  ferma.  In 
mine  own  speech,  after  I  had  told  him  how  kindly  his  Majesty  had 
taken  the  right  and  the  honours  that  were  done  upon  an  unworthy 
occasion  to  so  principal  a  Lady  of  his  kingdom,  which  herself  had 
signified  home,  and  with  all  her  own  full  contentment,  even  by 
a  particular  gentleman,  I  then  fell  to  tell  him,  that  your  Lordship, 
upon  whom  these  contentments  did  so  nearly  reflect,  would  fain  have 
flown  in  person  hither  to  thank  him  and  the  Senate  ;  and  that  even 
without  this  occasion  you  had  a  longing  to  see  this  famous  govern- 
ment again,4  whereof  myself  could  witness  that  you  were  never 
weary  of  speaking  well.  But  these  busy  times  not  permitting  your 
absence  from  the  King,  nor  the  dignity  of  your  place,  your  Lordship 
had  therefore  commanded  me  to  present  unto  him  the  nearest  images 
of  yourself.  So  I  said,  and  so  indeed  I  might  say.  For  in  truth, 
my  Lord,   I   never   can   behold    my  Lord   Matravers  without  re- 

1  James  Fs  letter  to  the  Doge  dated  Greenwich,  June  10,  1622  O.S.,  is  printed 
by  Romanin  (vii,  p.  194). 

2  Lord  Maltravers,  eldest  son  of  Thomas  Howard,  second  Earl  of  Arundel  and 
Surrey.     He  died  at  Ghent  in  the  following  year. 

3  Henry  Frederick  Howard,  born  1608,  succeeded  his  father  in  1646 ;   died 
1652. 

4  Lord  Arundel  visited  Venice  in  1612  (Cal.  S.  P.  Ven.}  xii,  p.  452). 


TO  THE  EARL  OF  ARUNDEL  AND  SURREY  241 

membering  Pliny's  conceit  of  one  so  resembling  his  father,  tanquam 
patrem  exseripsisset1.  The  Duke's  answer  was  very  tender,  taking 
new  occasion  to  express  how  much  this  city  had  been  honoured  with 
the  noble  residence  of  your  Lady  here,  and  how  much  they  hold 
themselves  obliged  unto  your  Lord  and  to  her  Ladyship  for  such  an 
argument  of  your  affection  as  the  breeding  of  your  hopeful  children 
sometime  in  this  dominion  ;  towards  whom  withal  he  turned  a 
cheerful  look,  and  told  me  they  had  kindly  visited  him  the  day  before 
in  private,  and  that  he  found  them  well  profited  in  this  language. 
The  rest  of  his  speech  was  spent  in  modest  extenuation  of  those 
poor  demonstrations  (as  he  called  them),  so  due  in  all  justice  and 
humanity  to  the  honour  of  a  Lady,  who  had  carried  herself  so 
worthily  and  so  nobly  among  them,  and  had  been  so  wronged  by 
malicious  voices,  void  of  all  imaginable  ground  ;  in  whose  behalf 
they  could  not  expect  any  such  gracious  acknowledgement  as  I  had 
presented  from  his  Majesty,  having  but  done  that  which  in  all 
respects  was  due.  In  these,  and  the  like  terms,  he  passed  this 
morning.2 

I  will  end  this  duty  with  begging  one  favour,  and  another  right 
from  your  Lordship.  The  first,  that  I  may  lose  nothing  by  my 
weaknesses,  in  your  gracious  estimation3  of  my  plain  and  humble 
zeal  to  serve  you  and  your  noble  name.  The  other,  that  your  Lord- 
ship will  be  pleased  to  allow  me  your  just  defence  with  Mr.  Secretary 
Calvert,  who  in  his  last  expresseth  some  wonder  that  I  had  not 
given  his  Majesty  any  accompt  of  that  which  here  had  passed  touch- 
ing your  Lady,  by  whose  command,  and  in  love  of  truth,  I  had 
set  down  all  the  circumstances  ;  whereof  I  might  well  suppose 
a  copy  to  have  been  sent  home,  for  the  King's  information,  if  it 
should  need.  Although  false  bruits  of  the  highest  personages  are 
so  familiar  here,  that  I  am  often  studying  in  my  poor  philosophy 
whether  the  contempt  or  the  resentment  be  the  better  cure,  yet 
I  speak  not  this  of  my  Lady's  case,  which  surely  did  require  both 
a  brave  complaint  and  a  noble  reparation.     God  cover  your  Lordship, 

1  'Totumque  patrem  mira  similitudine  exscripserat.'    (C.  Plin.  Ep.  v.  16.) 
a  At  the  end  of  this  audience  Wotton  drew  nearer  the  Doge  and  spoke  again 
of  the  King  of  Bohemia.     The  occasion,  he  said,  was  not  a  favourable  one,  but 
it  was  his  commission  never  to  come  to  the  Collegio  without  reminding  the 
Venetians  of  the  King's  cause.     (Esp.  Prin.,  July  4,  1622.) 

3  On  May  12,  1622,  Lord  Arundel  wrote  to  Lord  Doncaster  an  account  of  tho 
eonduct  of  Doncaster's  'dear  friend,  Sir  Henry  Wotton ',  to  Lady  Arundel.  *  For 
Sir  Henry  Wotton's  part,'  he  adds,  <I  will  only  say  this,  that  if  she  had  either 
Men  amazed  with  the  suddenness  and  confidence  of  his  first  adv<  rtis.  ni«  nt.and 
so  have  retired  herself,  as  he  wished,  or  afterwards  let  it  rest,  as  he  advised, 
Per  honour  had  been  destroyed.  But  I  thank  Almighty  God  she  was  guided  by 
a  better  spirit,  which  protects  innocency,  and  turns  tho  wickedest  intentions 
t«>  quite  contrary  effects.'     (C.  A  T.  Jan.  I,  ii,  p.  300-11.) 

WOTTON.    II  Ti 


242  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

and  all  yours  wheresoever  they  are,  with  his  dear  blessings  and  love. 
And  so  I  remain, 

Your  good  Lordship's  poor  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

372.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph,  extract.     Wotton  sends  a  copy  of  letter  written 
by  the  General  of  the  Jesuits. 

Venice,  this  29th  of  July,  1622. 
Style  of  the  place. 

.  .  .  Let  me  present  unto  his  Majesty  a  thing  which  I  have  hac 
long  in  chase.     It  is  the  copy  of  the  letter  which  Mutio  Vitelleschi 
General  of  the  Jesuits,  did  write  unto  this  Duke,  when  the  Marquis  d( 
Coevre  (by  whom  it  was  delivered),  together  with  the  Pope's  Nuncic 
took  here  a  notorious  repulse.2    I  do  now  entertain  his  Majesty  there 
with,  though  it  hath  lost  the  commendation  of  newness  ;  because  t< 
my  poor  judgement  it  appeareth  a  most  exact  and  elaborate  piece 
and  the  very  character  of  the  whole  Society.     Never  were  men  more 
griping  after  lands  and  possessions,  more  imperious  over  consciences 
and  families,  when  they  are  in ;  never  more  creeping,  more  obsequious, 
more  abject,  when  they  are  out.    In  summa,  Iesuita  est  omnis  homo. 
Kead,  Sir,  and  you  shall  see  ;  and  I  will  keep  you  from  reading  it 
no  longer,  having,  I  must  confess,  myself  taken  much  pleasure  in 
the  transcription  thereof.     The  Lord  of  Heaven  and  earth  cover  his 
Majesty  and  his  estates  with  the  overspreading  wings  of  his  love. 
And  so  I  rest, 

Your  Honour's  by  long  devotion, 

Henry  Wotton. 

373.    To  the  Marquis  of  Buckingham. 

Marl.  MS.  1581,  f.  220,  holograph  ;  Relia.,  2nd  ed.,  p.  475,  3rd  ed.,  p.  311 ; 
Cabala  (1654),  i,  p.  193.  Wotton's  reversion  to  the  Rolls  ;  his  nephew 
returning  to  England. 

From  Venice,  this  29th  of  July,  1622. 
Style  of  England. 

My  most  honoured  Lord  and  Patron, 

These  poor  lines  will  be  presented  unto  your  Lordship  by  my 
nephew  (one  of  your  obliged  servants)  and  withal  some  description, 
as  I  have  prayed  him,  of  my  long  infirmities,  which  have  cast  me 

1  Mutio  Vitelleschi  (1563-1645)  became  General  of  the  Jesuits  in  1615. 
8  Ante,  ii,  p.  218.      This  letter,  copied  by  Wotton,  is  in  the  Record  Office. 
(S.  P.  Ven.,  vol.  xxiv.) 


TO  THE  MARQUIS  OF  BUCKINGHAM        243 

behind  in  many  private,  and  often  interrupted  even  my  public  duties  ; 
with  which  yet  I  do  rather  seek  to  excuse  some  other  defect**  <»t "*  1  vi. •. .. 
than  my  silence  towards  your  Lordship.  For  to  importune  your 
Lordship  seldom  with  my  pen  is  a  choice  in  me,  and  not  a  disease, 
having  resolved  to  live,  at  what  distance  soever  from  your  sight,  like 
on<>  who  had  well  studied  before  I  came  hither,  how  secure  they  are 
Whom  you  once  vouchsafe  any  part  of  your  love. 

And,  indeed,  I  am  well  confirmed  therein  by  your  own  gracious 
Biles,1  for  thereby  I  see  that  your  Lordship  had  me  in  your  meditation, 
when  I  scant  remembered  myself.  In  answer  of  which  letter,  after 
some  respite  from  mine  own  evils,  I  have  deputed  my  said  nephew 
to  redeliver  my  fortune  into  your  noble  hands,  and  to  assure  your 
Lordship,  that  as  it  should  be  cheerfully  spent  at  your  command,  if 
it  were  present  and  actual  (from  whose  mediation  I  have  derived  it), 
so  much  more  am  I  bound  to  yield  up  unto  your  Lordship  an  absolute 
disposition  of  my  hopes.  But  if  it  shall  please  you  therein  to  grant 
me  any  part  of  mine  own  humour,  then  I  would  rather  wish  some 
other  satisfaction  than  exchange  of  office  ;  yet  even  in  this  point 
likewise  I  shall  depend  on  your  will,  which  your  Lordship  may 
indeed  challenge  from  me,  not  only  by  all  humble  gratitude  and 
reverence  due  to  your  most  worthy  person,  but  even  by  that  natural 
charity  and  discretion  which  I  owe  myself.  For  what  do  I  more 
therein,  than  only  remit  to  your  own  arbitrament  the  valuation  of 
your  own  goodness?  I  have  likewise  committed  to  my  foresaid 
nephew  some  memorials  touching  your  Lordship's  familiar  service 
(as  I  may  term  it)  in  matter  of  art  and  delight. 

But  though  I  have  laid  these  offices  upon  another,  yet  I  joy  with 
mine  own  pen  to  give  your  Lordship  an  accompt  of  a  gentleman 
worthier  of  your  love,  than  I  was  of  the  honour  to  receive  him  from 
you.  We  are  now,  after  his  well-spent  travels  in  the  towns  of  purer 
language,  married  again  till  a  second  divorce  ;  for  which  I  shall  be 
sorry,  whensoever  it  shall  happen.  For  in  truth,  my  good  Lord,  his 
conversation  is  both  delightful  and  fruitful ;  and  I  dare  pronounce 
that  he  will  return  to  his  friends  as  well  fraught  with  the  best 
observations,  as  any  that  hath  ever  sifted  this  country  ;  which  indeed 

1  On  Jan.  2,  162£  (O.S.),  Buckingham  wrote  to  Wotton  that  he  had  tried  to 
jurrange  an  exchange  of  offices  between  the  Master  of  the  Wards  (Cranfield)  and 
[aster  of  the  Rolls  (Sir  Julius  Caesar).  He  would  then  have  left  it  to 
Wotton's  choice  whether  he  would  take  the  reversion  to  the  Wards  instead 
of  that  to  the  Rolls,  which  had  already  been  granted  him.  As  this  exchange 
had  not  taken  place,  there  was  nothing  for  Wotton  to  do  but  to  stick  t-.  his 
fcrersion  to  the  Rolls.  Buckingham  adds  in  a  postscript,  'I  thank  your  Lord- 
ship for  the  bed  and  pictures  and  other  present  you  sent  me,  and  for 
good  husbandry  in  the  other  pictures  you  bought  for  me.'  (Fortescue  Popart, 
Camden  Soc,  1871,  p.  17.) 

K  2 


244  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

doth  need  sifting,  for  there  is  both  flour  and  bran  in  it.  He  hath 
divided  his  abode  between  Sienna  and  Rome  ;  the  rest  of  his  time 
was  for  the  most  part  spent  in  motion.1  I  think  his  purpose  be  to 
take  the  French  tongue  in  his  way  homewards,  but  I  am  persuading 
with  him  to  make  Bruxelles  his  seat,  both  because  the  French  and 
Spanish  languages  are  familiar  there,  whereof  the  one  will  be,  after 
Italian,  a  sport  unto  him,  so  as  he  may  make  the  other  a  labour,  and 
for  that  the  said  town  is  now  the  scene  of  an  important  treaty,2 
which  I  fear  will  last  till  he  come  thither.  But  far  be  from  me  all 
ominous  conceit.  I  will  end  with  cheerful  thoughts  and  wishes, 
beseeching  the  Almighty  God  to  preserve  your  Lordship  in  health, 
and  to  cure  the  public  diseases.     And  so  I  ever  remain, 

Your  Lordship's  most  devoted  and  obliged  servant, 

Henky  Wotton. 

374.     To  Sir  Dudley  Carleton. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph,  extract.    News  of  Venice  ;  the  Spanish  marriage. 

Venice,  this  19th  of  August,  1622. 
Style  of  the  place. 
My  very  good  Lord, 

Our  Duke  hath  been  newly  by  a  fever  near  his  period,  even  to 
the  point  (as  I  hear)  of  extreme  unction ;  but  having  been  let  blood, 
rather  as  a  necessary  than  a  convenient  remedy  for  his  years,  he  is 
now  said  to  be  in  terms  of  recovery,  and  may  perchance  yet  live  till 
the  people  will  be  sorrier  for  his  death.  This  week  we  have  been 
visited  with  dolphins  of  extraordinary  greatness  from  the  sea, 
playing  in  the  canal  of  Giudeca  :  a  thing  rarely  occurring.  I  hope 
it  doth  portend  a  better  conjunction  between  Fraunce  and  this 
Republic   in  the  maintenance  of  the  Grisons3  than  we  have  yet 

1  I  do  not  know  which  of  Wotton's  nephews  was  the  bearer  of  this  letter.  In 
the  Reliquiae  (2nd  ed.,  p.  489,  3rd,  p.  332)  is  printed  an  undated  letter  from 
Wotton  to  a  certain  Nicholas  Arnauld  at  Siena,  which  may  refer  to  this  nephew : — 

*  Sir,  this  young  gentleman,  my  very  near  kinsman,  having  gotten  enough  of 
Venetian  Italian  to  seek  better  ;  and  being  for  that  end  directed  by  me  to  Siena, 
I  will  take  the  boldness  to  commend  him  to  your  disposing  there,  assuring 
myself  that  you  have  gained  much  friendship  and  power  wheresoever  you  are, 
by  that  impression  which  you  have  left  in  us  here.  And  so,  with  those  thanks 
which  were  long  since  due,  for  your  kind  remembrance  of  me  by  a  letter  from 
Florence,  I  commit  you  to  God's  dear  blessings  and  love,  and  I  ever  rest, 
'  Your  very  affectionate  poor  friend  to  serve  you, 

1  From  Venice.  H.  Wotton.' 

2  The  conference  for  the  pacification  of  the  Palatinate  was  reopened  in  June 
and  brought  to  an  end  in  September.     (Gardiner,  iv,  pp.  321,  345.) 

3  Richelieu  had  not  yet  come  to  power,  and  the  policy  of  France  was  still 
uncertain.  Venice  and  Savoy  were  urging  Louis  XIII  to  keep  to  his  promise 
and  to  force  the  Spaniards  to  restore  the  Valtelline.  It  was  not  till  Feb., 
1623,  that  Louis  XIII  took  any  action,  when  by  leaguing  himself  with  Savoy 
and  Venice,  he  compelled  the  Spaniards  to  hand  over  the  Valtelline  to  the 
Pope. 


TO  SIR  DUDLEY  CARLETON  245 

seen.  And  it  is  indeed  high  timo,  for  Leopold  will  now  havo 
leisure  enough  to  look  this  way.'  A  voice  we  have  had  that  they 
had  taken  his  Fort  of  Santa  Maria,  but  it  wanteth  confirmation, 
Among  other  notes  of  this  week,  let  me  tell  your  Lordship  that  we 
have  seen  one  great  solecism,  a  St.  Rocco's  day  uncelebrated  with 
music,  even  their  peculiar  Saint;  which  in  common  discourse  is 
attributed  either  to  the  avarice  or  the  spite  of  an  apothecary,  on 
whom  that  confraternity  did  lay  the  charge  of  those  rites  this  year 
■gainst  his  will.  This  omission  to  many  ears  may  perchance  sound 
like  a  trifle ;  but  the  Pope's  instruments  work  upon  it,  and  say  it 
is  no  marvel  if  his  authority  be  decayed  here  (as  hath  been  lately 
seen  in  violating  the  Court  of  Inquisition,  and  in  a  round  proceeding 
against  the  Bishop  of  Padova)  when  their  own  saints  (for  Rocco  is 
not  yet  in  the  Roman  Canon)  are  so  slighted.2  The  air  is  full  of  such 
declamations  as  these,  and  perchance  the  apothecary  may  smart  for  it. 
To  speak  of  that  which  more  concerns  us.  We  have  here  at 
the  present  a  sudden  strong  noise  (derived  as  they  say  by  express 
intelligence  from  the  Court  of  Spayne)  that  the  Infanta  Maria 
hath  newly  upon  her  knees  besought  the  King  of  Spain  not  to 
press  her  any  further  about  the  match  of  Prince  Charles. 
And  this  very  week  I  am  advertised  from  home  that  the  am- 
bassador of  the  State  of  Venice  did  confidently  affirm  that 
the  Infanta  Maria  was  otherwise  to  be  disposed:  which  voice 
had  gotten  easy  credit,  but  that  Mr.  Grisley:t  came  in  ipso  articulo 
from  my  Lord  Digbie  with  contrary  tidings.  For  my  part  I  am 
resolved  to  let  others  dispute  first,  whether  it  be  true,  and  then 
whether  it  be  fit.  Always  sure  it  is  that  from  Fraunce  (who  were 
the  last  believers),  by  the  courier  of  this  week  they  write  thereof  as 
a  concluded  thing. 

1  The  Archduke  Leopold,  governor  of  the  Tyrol.  He  'looked  that  way'  to 
some  purpose,  for  he  invaded  the  Grison  territory,  took  their  capital  Coin-,  and 
compelled  them  (Oct.,  1622)  to  give  up  their  claim  on  the  Valtelline,  and  to 
cede  the  Engadine  and  eight  of  the  ten  Droitures  (almost  the  whole  of  one  of 
the  three  Republics)  to  Austria.     (Romanin,  vii,  p.  261.) 

2  The  Bishop  of  Padua  was  arrested  for  making  a  secret  resignation  of  the 
A 1. hey  of  St.  Zen  in  Verona  to  the  Cardinal  Ludovisio.  (S.  P.  Ten.,  Aug.  12,  1688.) 
Tin-  Inquisition  had  been  violated  by  an  order  of  the  Senate  releasing  a  certain 
Abbate  Fulgenzio,  whom  the  Inquisition  had  arrested  and  imprisoned.  'They 
still  ntain  an  image  of  such  a  court,'  Wotton  wrote  of  the  Inquisition  at  Venice, 
1  much  like  the  Senatus  Popidusque  Eomanus  which  the  Pope  suffers  to  sit  in  Rome.' 
(Ibid.,  July  19.)  Under  Paul  V,  Wotton  wrote  of  the  arrest  of  this  Fulgenzio, 
a  lesser  thing  '  caused  excommunication ;  but  those  thunderbolts  seem  out  of 
•  lat. ,  especially  after  the  violent  rapture  of  the  Cardinal  Clesel,  by  the  present 
Emperor,  and  the  imprisonment  of  the  Cardinal  de  Guise  by  the  French  Kim; 
in  the  Bastille.  Examples  passed  over  silently  at  Rome,  but  registered  lu-iv, 
and  laid  up  in  lavender  for  use  at  some  time  or  other.'     (JMdL,  Fel».  _'»,  1C88») 

1  Walsinghani  Gresley,  Lord  Digby's  steward. 


246  LETTERS  OP  WoTToN 


375.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph.      Reported  defeat  of  Mansfeld  ;   news  of  Venice : 
convalescence  of  the  Doge,  &c. ;  Ormuz  captured  by  the  English  East 

India  Company. 

Venice,  Augusti  22°. 
Style  of  England,  1622. 

Eight  Honourable, 

We  have  here,  this  very  day,  taken  a  sudden  alarm  upon 
advertisement  that  the  Count  Mansfeld's  army  is  either  vanished 
or  defeated,  and  himself  in  the  hands  of  Monsieur  de  Nevers,  with 
some  small  remainder;1  which  doth  much  trouble  this  Senate, 
even  before  the  certain  confirmation  thereof,  who  foresee  with  what 
facility  the  Governor  of  Milan,  on  the  one  side,  and  Leopoldo,  on  the 
other,  will  devour  the  Grisons  and  intoyle2  this  State,  upon  the 
ceasing  of  all  diversion  in  Alsatia,  unless  the  French  King  had  more 
leisure  than  his  inward  distractions  will  yield  him  to  look  abroad. 
And  now  perchance  they  will  begin  to  wish  that  they  had  better 
tasted  my  persuasions  in  supporting  those  troops.  We  have  withal 
a  certain  voice  out  of  Lombardie,  able  to  beget  new  doubts,  or  to 
increase  the  former.  It  is  said  that  upon  some  speech,  which  grew 
at  Milan  touching  the  contribution  which  this  Republic  doth  sub- 
minister  secretly  to  the  Rhaetians,  and  professedly  to  the  States,  one  as 
yet  unnamed,  but  as  it  seems  no  shallow  man,  should  tell  the  Duke  of 
Feria  that  the  King  of  Spayne  may,  with  more  ease  and  honour,  make 
war  against  the  Venetians  themselves,  within  their  own  dominion, 
than  against  their  moneys  abroad.  One  thing  I  apprehend  upon 
these  discourses  as  almost  a  visible  consequence,  that  if  troubles 
grow,  we  shall  close  here  with  the  Pope,  that  we  may  have  leave 
to  levy  within  the  Marca  d'Ancona — which  we  repute  the  best 
seminary  of  Italian  soldiers,  and  indeed  the  only  province  whence 
they  can  be  supplied,  except  a  few  straggling  Albanesi,  or  auxiliaries 
by  sea  at  great  charge,  and  as  much  uncertainty. 

Our  Duke  is  now  again  a  convalescent,  and  those  that  had  begun 
some  secret  competition  for  his  place  may,  till  another  plunge,  quiet 
their  thoughts.  Two  things  extend  his  life,  a  merry  heart,  and  an 
issue  in  his  leg.  From  Aleppo  both  our  own  merchants  and  Italians 
have  a  piece  of  news  which  doth  subject  us  to  some  clamour.  It  is 
said  that  seven  English  ships  have  assisted  the  Persians  to  take 

1  This  report  was  false.  Mansfeld  had  invaded  Lorraine,  with  the  purpose  of 
marching  into  France  and  entering  the  French  service,  and  the  Duke  of  Nevers, 
while  pretending  to  negotiate  terms  with  Mansfeld,  collected  a  force  strong 
enough  to  protect  the  road  into  France.  Mansfeld,  thereupon,  entered  the  Dutch 
service  and  marched  to  Breda.     (Gardiner,  iv,  pp.  341,  342.) 

2  '  Intoyle,'  i.  e.  entoil,  to  ensnare.    Arch.     (N.  E.  D.) 


TO   SIR  GEORGE  CALVERT  247 

Ormuz1,  which  was  in  the  power  of  the  Poitingak  lad  I  necessary 
staple  to  intermediate  their  trade  in  the  East  Indies,  which  thereby 
will  no  doubt  be  much  incommodated.  Whereupon  is  grown  in  tliis 
discoursing  place  two  opposite  opinions,  the  one  that  it  will  break, 
the  other,  that  it  will  rather  facilitate,  our  present  treaties  with  the 
King  of  Spay ne. 

In  Rome  is  newly  arrived  an  English  gentlewoman  of  more 
garb  than  the  former  Jesuitesses,  whose  desires  are  at  a  stop. 
Hot  name  I  cannot  yet  tell,  neither  is  it  much  material,  because 
they  change  them  at  pleasure;  but  she  aims  at  a  pension.  By 
this  time  I  suppose  Mr.  Gage2  to  have  been  at  home  under  your 
own  inquiry,  so  as  I  shall  need  to  speak  no  more  out  of  my  private 
intelligence  of  the  Pope's  breve.  Therefore,  Sir,  for  this  week 
I  humbly  commit  you  to  our  loving  God,  remaining, 

At  your  commands, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Postscript.  The  above  written  intelligence  touching  Ormuz  we 
have  with  this  addition,  that  the  castle  did  yet  hold  out,  but  could 
not  long,  for  lack  of  water ;  which  particularity  doth  win  some  credit 
to  the  rest. 


376.    To  Sir  Thomas  Roe3. 

Roe's  Negotiations,  p.  97,  extract.  Wotton's  illness ;  the  affairs  of  Germany  ; 
the  Pope's  new  edict. 

From  Venice,  the  15  of  October,  1622. 
Style  of  the  place. 
My  Lord, 

Your  Lordship  hath  reason  in  one  of  your  letters  to  chide,  and 
in  all  of  them  to  wonder,  at  my  silence ;  and  therefore  I  shall  need 
to  begin  with  some  description  of  mine  own  evils,  that  I  may  bring 
myself  out  of  your  anger  into  your  compassion  ;  though  the  choice 
be  miserable  between  those  two  affections  from  a  friend. 

After  the  fevers  of  the  last  autumn  (which  did  lay  me,  and  almost 
my  whole  family  all  down  together,  whereof  God  took  three  of 
nearest  use  about  me  into  His  eternal  rest)  I  found  within  a  while 

1  Ormuz  was  taken  from  the  Portuguese  by  the  Shah  of  Persia  with  tho 
assistance  of  the  English  East  India  Company.  The  English  pretended  that 
they  had  acted  under  compulsion  from  the  Shah.     (Gardiner,  v,  pp.  237-4 1."* 

a  George  Gage,  sent  to  Rome  to  watch  the  course  of  the  marriage  negotia- 
tions at  Rome.  He  returned  to  England  Aug.  25,  1622  (O.S.),  Ho  announce 
that,  if  the  Pope  was  to  be  satisfied,  new  and  unheard-of  concessions  must  bo 
made.'     i (Ibid.,  iv,  p.  350.) 

3  Sir  Thomas  Roe  t!581?-1644),  ante  ii,  p.  221. 


248  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

my  appetite  (which  had  ever  been  one  of  my  surest  friends)  quite 
overthrown  with  a  strange  kind  of  sweet  humour  distilling  from  my 
head,  which  my  physicians  (though  no  mineral  men)  did  correct  with 
the  spirit  of  vitriol.  Now  whether  this  left  behind  it  a  bad  impres- 
sion, I  know  not ;  but  not  long  after  I  fell  into  such  a  burning  in 
the  stomach,  as  hath  cast  me  behind  in  many  private,  and  often 
interrupted  even  my  public  duties,  having  held  me  from  the  beginning 
of  last  winter  till  very  lately ;  for  which,  besides  frequent  vexation 
of  physic,  I  was  no  less  than  five  times  let  blood.  And  yet  at  last 
I  was  more  eased  with  familiar  than  with  strong  remedies. 

I  wish  heartily,  that  as  my  inward  infirmity  hath  resembled  the 
external  distempers  and  boilings  of  the  Christian  world,  so  they  may 
imitate  me  in  the  manner  of  my  cure,  and  yield  rather  to  gentle 
treaties  than  need  sharper  resolutions.  But  little  can  I  hope  that  it 
will  so  fall  out  in  those  broken  affairs  which  his  Majesty  hath 
hitherto  sought  to  repair  with  so  blessed  a  spirit.  For  let  me 
discourse  unto  your  Lordship  how  wre  stand  at  this  instant.  The 
King  of  Bohemia  and  Elector  Palatin  (let  me  now  give  him  his 
titles,  for  he  hath  nothing  else  but  Franckendal  and  Manheime), 
after  a  very  venturous  passage  in  disguised  form  from  the  Haghe, 
through  Fraunce  into  the  lower  Palatinat,  is  lately  from  thence 
retired  to  Sedan,  after  he  had  with  a  formal  licence  left  the  Count 
Mansfeld,  and  the  brave  young  Duke  of  Brownswig,  to  their  own 
counsels  and  fortunes  ;  who  both  together  have  made  their  way 
through  the  Spanish  provinces,  and  after  a  battle  \  whereof  I  send 
you  herewith  the  truest  description,  some  six  leagues  from  Bruxelles 
with  Don  Gonzales  de  Cordoa  (who  quitted  the  Palatinat  to  pursue 
them)  are  joined  with  the  Prince  of  Orange,  who  hath  employed 
them  together  with  the  garrison  of  Breda,  to  intercept  the  convoys 
of  victual  between  Antwerp  and  Spinola's  leaguer  before  Bergen-up- 
Zome  ;  which  action  doth  now  draw  all  eyes  upon  it,  the  Prince 
being  resolved  to  unset  the  siege,  and  the  Marquis  not  to  rise ;  so  as 
the  glories  of  two  great  chiefs  are  at  the  stake.  .  .  . 

Let  me  after  this,  say  somewhat  of  Italy,  which  is  my  more 
proper  object ;  and  in  truth,  my  Lord,  it  is  a  novelty  of  great  noise 
that  I  shall  relate.  The  Pope  hath  published  an  edict,  the  very 
last  week,  whereby  he  prohibiteth  the  Italian  Princes  to  give 
reception  in  their  towns  and  states  to  any  of  different  religion  from 
the  Roman  ;  and  forbiddeth  Italians  to  inhabit  in  any  country  where 
his  Catholic  doctrine  is  not  professed,  without  exception  even  of  mer- 
chants.    So  as  the  said  edict  (as  we  yet  understand  it)  doth  retrench 

1  The  battle  of  Fleurus,  Aug.  |f,  1622>  where  Mansfeld  and  Christian  of 
Brunswick  defeated  Gonzalo  Fernandez  de  Cordova.     {Gardiner,  iv,  p.  342.) 


TO   SIR   TiloMAS    ROE  249 

civil  commercement 1 ;  what  it  will  work  elsewhere  I  cannot  say; 
but  I  believe  this  State  (at  which  it  most  pointeth)  will  have  the 
honour  to  be  the  first  that  shall  laugh  at  it.  For  my  part,  to  speak 
like  a  plain  Kentish  man,  I  only  fear  that  it  will  not  last;  for 
I  observe  this  Pope  to  have  been  transported  therein  (I  know  not 
yet  by  whose  counsels)  to  a  violent  variation  from  himself;  no 
times  having  been  hitherto  more  easy,  nor,  as  I  may  term  it,  more 
un inquisitive  into  conscience,  than  his  own.  It  is  yet  so  fresh,  that 
I  cannot  acquaint  your  Lordship  with  the  inward  motives  thereof, 
but  in  supcrfick  it  appeareth  a  preamble  to  a  war  of  religion  ;  in 
which  case,  for  my  share,  let  me  only  repeat  the  words  of  our  blessed 
Saviour  himself:  Vende  tunieam,  et  erne  gladium."1  Of  the  Grisons 
I  shall  speak  in  my  next,  for  I  fear  I  have  tired  your  Lordship 
already,  and  my  long  silence  hath  so  cast  me  behind  that  hortns 
t&vescit,  it  will  require  more  weeding  than  at  once  to  plane  the 
alleys.  Weekly  hereafter  your  Lordship  shall  be  troubled  with  my 
poor  discourse,  for  the  times  do  promise  me  abundant  subject.  Yet 
I  cannot  end  the  present  without  an  humble  presentation,  through 
your  Lordship's  hands,  of  my  willing  service  to  your  most  worthy 
lady3,  if  this  western  world  may  yield  anything  for  her  use  or 
delight,  that  the  Levant  doth  miss  ;  to  which  offer  I  am  bound 
by  my  long  devotion  to  her  own  name,  and  by  that  noble  courtesy 
wherewith  she  was  pleased  to  honour  me  the  day  when  your 
Lordship  attended  the  King  to  Paules. 

And  so  committing  you  both,  with  your  whole  family,  to  God's 
dear  protection,  I  will  remain  (as  I  am  confident)  in  your  Lord- 
ship's love, 

And  at  your  commands, 

Henry  Wotton. 

1  '  Commencement '  in  Roe. 

*  *  Sed  nunc,  qui  habet  sacculum,  tollat,  similiter  et  peram  ;  et  qui  non  habet, 
vendat  tunieam  suam,  et  emat  gladium.'  (Luke  xxii.  36.)  Wotton  sent  the  above 
news  in  a  letter  of  this  date  to  Carleton  at  the  Hague.  He  forwarded  at  the 
same  time  a  packet  for  the  Queen  of  Bohemia  with  'a  wild  address'  Ami 
Constantinople — letters  no  doubt  from  Sir  Thomas  Roe — '  which,'  he  wrote, 
'  with  the  continual  remembrance  of  mine  own  humble  zeal,  I  beseech  your 
Lordship  to  present  unto  her  Majesty,  whose  sweet  and  blessed  thoughts  mine 
inward  torment  at  the  indignity  of  her  present  fortune  will  not  yet  suffer  me 
t<>  trouble  with  my  pen.'  (<S.  P.  Ven.,  October  ,V)  The  Queen  of  Bohemia  was 
living  at  the  Hague,  and  Wotton's  letters  to  Carleton  often  contained  messages 
to  her.  On  June  18,  1621,  he  wrote,  'Good  my  Lord,  let  me  humbly  beseech 
you  to  remember  my  vowed  zeal  to  her  Majesty  of  Bohemia,  my  most  gracious 
mistress,  whom  I  only  can  serve  with  my  prayers  in  Heaven  where  our  God 
liveth.'     {Ibid.) 

*  Eleanor,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Cave  of  Stanford.    (Ante,  i,  p.  396  n.) 


250  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

377.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  dictated,  extract.     The  Prince  of  Conde  and  Paolo  Sarpi; 
the  Franco-Venetian  alliance  ;  De  Dominis  in  Rome. 

Venice,  ^  December,  1622. 

.  .  .  The  third  piece  of  this  dispatch  shall  be  an  addition  to  my  last, 
touching  the  Prince  of  Conde  \  He  ended  with  us  in  two  of  the 
contrariest  humours  that  I  think  hath  ever  been  seen  ;  in  a  volun- 
tary and  extemporal  comedy,  whereof  himself  acted  the  part  of  the 
Spaniard  (and  singularly  well),  even  upon  a  public  stage,  but  at  an 
unusual  hour,  indeed  after  a  merry  supper  with  certain  of  these  young 
gentlemen  ;  and  in  a  conference  before  his  departure  with  Maestro 
Paolo,  which  he  had  with  notorious  patience  sought  some  days  before, 
at  his  convent,  but  could  not  obtain  it,  without  public  leave,  and  even 
then  in  the  presence  of  a  Savio  di  terra  ferma,  namely  Angelo  Conta- 
reni,  a  man  known  before  in  Fraunce.  At  this  private  meeting  he 
came  inspired  by  others  rather  than  by  himself  (for  we  have  no 
great  opinion  of  his  morality,  much  less  of  his  divinity),  to  ask 
these  questions : 2  he  demanded  whether  the  said  person  did  remain 
excommunicated  or  no  at  this  present  ? 

It  was  answered  negatively,  for  the  general  accord  at  the  time  of 
the  Interdict  did  include  him.  Whereupon  a  second  question  being 
asked,  how  that  generality  could  serve  the  turn  ?  The  reply  was,  that 
being  admitted  to  the  secrets  of  this  Senate  (as  he  is),  he  was  restrained 
from  answering  to  particularities.  He  was  asked  whether  an  excom- 
munication of  a  Prince  did  dissolve  the  band  of  obedience  in  subjects  ? 
It  was  answered,  that  in  the  canonical  law  a  wife  was  not  freed  from 
obeying  her  husband  by  excommunication  of  her  husband,  and  much 
less  a  subject  from  the  obedience  of  his  Prince.  He  was  asked,  whether 
a  Catholic  Prince  might  serve  himself  of  heretics  ?  It  was  answered,  that 

1  Henri  II  de  Bourbon,  Prince  de  Conde  (1588-1646),  father  of  the  great 
Conde".  'A  Prince,'  Wotton  described  him,  'dyed  by  the  Jesuits  in  grain, 
I  mean,  in  a  deep  and  bloody  tincture.'  (S.  P.  Ven.,  Nov.  10.)  He  had  come  to 
Italy  for  the  purpose  of  making  a  pilgrimage  to  Loretto,  to  give  thanks  for  his 
release  from  the  Bastille,  and  had  sent  before  him  a  silver  model  of  the  Bastille 
to  that  shrine.  He  stopped  in  Venice  on  his  way,  where  Wotton  wrote,  he  went 
about  in  a  plain  soldier's  habit,  spending  the  mornings  at  the  booksellers'  shops, 
the  evenings  at  the  comedy.  His  demand  for  the  title  of  Altezza  (only  accorded 
by  the  Venetians  to  reigning  Princes)  caused  much  discourse  •  among  vacant 
and  censuring  wits  '  (Nov.  18).  For  a  witticism  of  James  I  on  the  subject,  see 
Crumms  FaWn  from  King  James's  Table,  No.  cxv,  first  printed  in  the  Princes  Cabala, 
1715,  and  there  described  as  collected  by  Sir  Thomas  Overbury.  (Works  of 
Overbury,  1656,  p.  274.)  This  particular  '  Crumm ',  however,  could  not  of  course 
have  been  collected  by  Overbury,  who  was  poisoned  in  1613. 

2  Sarpi  wrote  for  the  Doge  an  account  (substantially  the  same  as  Wotton's)  of 
this  conversation,  which  is  still  in  the  Venice  Archives,  and  is  printed  in  the 
1863  edition  of  Sarpi's  letters  (ii,  pp.  439-48).  A  translation  has  been  published 
by  the  Philobiblion  Society.     (N.  D.) 


TO  SIR  GEORGE  CALVERT  25] 

a  Pope  had  employed  Turckes  in  his  service,  and  said  they  were  as  many 
fcngels  sent  from  heaven  for  the  benefii  of  the  Church  al  that  time.1 

He  was  asked  whether  he  wen-  author  of  the  CoHC&Q  'in<l<  ntiim  ? 
It  was  answered,  that  they  know  at  Koine  (whither  lie  was  going) 
who  was  author  of  that  hook;  therein  holding  a  m«  m  l».tween 
confession  and  denial,  and  yet  without  equivocation. 

He  was  asked  somewhat  about  the  Eucharist,  into  which,  being 
unwilling  to  enter,  he  made  a  modest  retreat,  but  yet  said  a  thing 
Worthy  in  truth  of  singular  observation,  that  he  could  not  but 
marvel  how  the  fathers  of  the  Old  Testament,  having  interpreted  all 
the  corporal  ceremonies  and  services  of  God  spiritually,  those  of  the 
New  Testament  should  interpret  the  spiritual  things  corporally, 
even  after  the  coming  of  the  Body,  which  did  cease2  the  shadows. 
Thus  much  I  was  glad  to  present  through  your  secret  hands  unto 
his  Majesty. 

The  last  thing  is  almost  miraculous,  at  least  to  me,  who  have  long 
contemplated  the  nature  of  this  State,  and  observed  in  them  no 
facility  to  move. 

The  French  King,  being  (as  I  take  it)  at  Marseilles,  dispatcheth 
hither  an  extraordinary  courier  with  letters  to  his  ambassador  of  the 
20th  of  November.  The  courier  arrived  here  on  Saturday  last.  The 
ambassador  hath  audience  on  Monday.  On  Tuesday  late  there  was 
called  a  Senate,  which  lasted  till  eight  hours  of  the  night.  On 
Wednesday  the  courier  was  redispatched,  the  foresaid  King  requiring 
answer  before  his  returning  to  Lions.  Their  resolution  is  this,  that 
they  will  concur  in  the  business  of  restoring  the  Grisons  with  12,000 
foot  and  2,000  horse,  and  their  half  share  in  the  munition  and 
artillery.3  This  I  have  from  the  French  themselves,  who  perchance 
speak  with  the  most.3  My  Italian  advertisers  name  8,000,  and  the 
rest  in  proportion.  Always  sure  it  is,  that  the  State  is  resolved  not 
to  change  their  neighbours  from  Grisons  to  Spaniards,  which  to 
them  is  a  wonderful  sensible  point  of  state.  And  this  I  write 
willingly,  because  I  conceive  that  how  much  more  the  King  of 
Spain  shall  be  distracted  in  these  parts,  he  will  be  so  much  the  more 

1  Sarpi's  words  were  that  Julius  II  had  bands  of  Turkish  soldiers  in  his  army 
bl  Romagna  ;  that  Paul  IV  brought  to  his  defence  in  Rome  certain  companies  of 
heretical  Grisons,  and  said  they  were  so  many  angels  sent  by  God  for  bis 
defence.     (Lettere,  ii,  p.  442.) 

8  '  Cease,'  i.  e.  cause  to  cease.    Obs.      (N.  E.  D.) 

:!  The  agreement  between  Venice  and  France  about  the  Grisons  bad  bitherto 
1.  .n  bat  a  general  one,  but  Louis  XIII  now  asked  that  the  Venetians  should 
recall  Count  Mansfeld  into  Italy,  provide  an  army,  and  openly  declare  tl» -m- 
s.  1\.  s  on  the  side  of  the  Grisons.  Venice  cautiously  refused  to  make  an  open 
declaration,  but  offered  to  supply  troops  to  aid  the  French  army.  [8.  R 
Dec.  12,  1C.22.) 
*  '  Speak  with  the  most,'  i.  e.  give  the  highest  figures. 


252  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

easy  and  manageable  unto  his  Majesty  in  any  occasions  that  occur  at 
the  present.  .  .  . 

Postscript.  Now  touching  Spalato,  further  letters  are  come  from 
him  than  those  which  I  "send,  after  his  access  to  the  Pope,  who 
received  him  with  singular  embracement ;  and  he  writes  of  himself 
more  and  more  confidently.1  But  he  addeth  that  these  kindnesses 
and  absolutions,  and  habilitations  to  any  ecclesiastical  dignity,  &  c. 
are  conferred  upon  him  propter  quaedam  quae  intrinsecus  latent — those 
are  his  own  words,  though  the  rest  of  the  letter  be  Italian.  Upon 
which  our  commentaries  here  are  very  various,  for  the  question  is,  at 
what  use  the  Pope  aims  at  of  this  man,  that  should  thus  increase  his 
cherishments  ?  Awhile  there  was  a  conceit  (as  I  say  in  my  letter) 
that  he  came  with  business  from  England  ;  but  that  is  absolutely 
vanished.  The  next  was,  that  by  his  observations  taken  there  of 
persons  and  humours,  he  might  serve  to  direct  well  the  young 
Koman  emissaries.  And  this  opinion  increased  by  his  going  to  the 
English  College  immediately  after  his  having  been  with  the  Pope  ; 
but  that  was  but  to  borrow  a  book  out  of  their  private  library,  pre- 
tending he  had  lost  it  by  the  way,  namely  Befensio  Ecclesiae  Angli- 
canae,  which  was  either  the  Enchiridion  of  Bishop  Jewel,  or  perchance 
some  of  Dr.  Parrie's 2  translations.  A  third  plainer  sort  of  men  there 
are,  that  think  he  shall  only  be  employed  in  writing,  and  that  therein 
both  his  use  and  himself  shall  end.  For  if  they  put  him  not  only  to 
a  general  palinodia,  but  to  a  punctual  refutation  of  his  own  works,  he 
will  sink  under  that  labour.  Lastly,  there  is  a  conjecture  made  (and 
in  this  I  dare  concur  upon  the  wager  of  my  life,  by  circumstances 
nicely  examined)  that  the  scope  of  the  Eoman  Court  is,  by  his  good 
treatment,  and  by  his  former  familiarity  with  Maestro  Paolo  and 
Fulgentio,  to  bring  them  likewise  into  the  net — which,  though  by 
an  admirable  letter3  (which  I  send  herewith)  from  one  of  them 
unto  him  before  he  left  England,  it  will  appear  a  vain  hope.  Yet 
who  can  hinder  their  practical  imaginations  ? 

1  '  Of  the  final  issue  of  this  Prelate  I  hear  wise  and  wary  men  very  doubtful. 
His  beginnings  are  jolly,  as  it  seemeth  by  his  own  description.  But  I  remember 
a  proverb  which  I  learned  at  Lythe  (Leith)  "  That  it  is  young  Yule  at  Yule's 
Eaven".'  (S.  P.  Ven.,  Dec.  i?2.)  'Yule  is  young  on  Yule  even,  and  auld  on 
Saint  Steven/     (Hislop,  The  Proverbs  of  Scotland,  p.  228.) 

3  Henry  Parry,  D.D.,  1561-1616,  Bishop  of  Worcester,  translated  the  Cate- 
chism of  Zach.  Ursonius,  Oxford,  1587,  1589,  1591,  1595,  1601.     (D.  N.  B.) 

3  This  letter,  which  is  of  great  length,  is  now  in  the  S.  P.  Ven.  (vol.  xxiv  \ 
It  is  undated  and  unsigned,  but  the  Italian  is  not  Sarpi's,  and  the  authorship 
may  therefore  be  ascribed  to  Fulgenzio.  De  Dominis  is  warned  in  the  most 
solemn  manner  against  returning  to  Rome,  and  told  how  all  those  who  have  so 
returned  have  finished  their  wretched  lives  there  '  o  col  laccio,  o  col  fuoco.  o  col 
veleno  \ 


TO  JAMES  I  253 

378.    To  James  I. 

S.  /'.  Yen.,  holograph,  lieliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  247  (postscript  omitted),  where 
it  is  wrongly  dated  Dec.  9,  1622.  Wotton  sends  melon  seeds  to  the 
King,  also  the  preface  of  a  history  of  Venice  he  was  planning  to 
write. 

Venice,  the  second  of  December. 
Style  of  England,  1622. 

May  it  please  your  most  sacred  Majesty, 

By  this  right  honest  and  learned  gentleman,  by  name  Adolfus 
ftepplingam  (who  hath  spent  some  time  abroad  in  the  best  observa- 
tions), I  send  your  Majesty  more  melon  seeds  of  all  sorts,  which  have 
been  diligently  chosen,  and  will,  I  hope,  take  better  than  the  former. 

In  my  letter  to  Mr.  Secretary  Calvert,  I  have  discharged  divers 
other  duties,  among  which  some  will  come  very  seasonably  unto 
your  Majesty  about  Christmas  time,  to  increase  your  recreation  ;  for  it 
is  indeed  a  merry  piece  of  service  that  I  have  sent  your  Majesty, 
a  testimony  of  your  conscience  from  Kome.1 

Now,  for  this  letter  I  have  reserved  a  private  and  voluntary  sub- 
ject, which  I  have  taken  the  freedom  most  humbly  to  present  unto 
your  Majesty's  benign  censure.  It  is  the  preface  to  one  of  mine  own 
poor  labours,  comprehending  the  argument  thereof  and  the  motives. 
In  which  as  yet  unfinished  lucubration  (for  so  I  may  justly  call  it, 
having  been  for  the  most  part  born  in  the  night)  I  have  had  occasion 
to  fall  upon  some  mighty  considerations  of  Church  and  State,  while 
I  did  search  the  progress  of  this  Kepublic  among  the  clouds  and 
confusions  of  the  Middle  Age.  Between  which  times  it  was  a  kind  of 
refreshment,  and  yet  withal  but  a  miserable  pleasure,  to  contemplate 
how  the  Empire  grew  lank,  and  the  Popedom  tumourous  proportion- 
ably,  till  superstition,  like  a  wild  and  raging  fire,  could  at  length  be 
contained  neque  suis  terminis  neque  alienis.  These  remarkable  heads 
I  have  now  touched,  to  procure  from  your  Majesty  some  pardon  for 
a  bold  invocation  therein  of  your  royal  name,  being  confident  that 
this  high  theorem  of  state  which  I  handle  (though  myself  but  a  poor 
student  in  meaner  speculations)  may  prove  not  unworthy,  in  the 
subject  itself,  to  receive  some  lustre  from  your  gracious  countenance. 
To  conclude  the  trouble  that  I  have  given  your  Majesty,  instead  of 
some  present  more  valuable  to  inaugurate  the  new  approaching  year, 
I  do  humbly  submit  the  death  or  life  of  this  work  to  your  only  doom. 
And  though  that  ancient  conceit  was  well  commended  when  it  was 
first  born,  Mallem  Augusti  judicium  quam  Anthonii  bmtfickm*  yet 

1  In  a  report  of  the  conversion  of  James  I  to  Roman  Catholicism.    (S.  P.  Ven.t 
Dec.  A-) 

2  '  Crispus  Passienus  solebat   dicere  quorumdam  se   iudicium   malle  quam 


254  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

I  must  crave  leave  to  think  it  somewhat  ignoble,  and,  for  my  part, 
to  assure  your  Majesty  that  I  shall  more  rejoice  in  the  approbation 
of  your  judgement,  than  in  the  fruition  even  of  your  own  benefits. 
And  so  I  most  humbly  commit  your  most  dear  and  royal  person  to 
God's  continual  love,  remaining 

Your  Majesty's  faithful  vassal  and  long  devoted  poor  servant, 

Ottavio  Baldi. 

Postscript.  Your  Majesty  will  be  pleased  to  give  me  leave  to 
hope  that  the  professing  of  mine  own  name  and  country  in  the  front 
of  my  labour  will  not  be  attributed  to  any  vain  estimation  of  myself, 
having  therein  imitated  the  Greeks  and  Arabians,  as  they  did  the 
ancient  Hebrews  before  them. 

379.     To  James  I. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph,  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  249.     Pmefatio  in  Historian* 

Venetam. 

(Venice,  Dec.  12,  1622,  N.  S.) 

Henricus  Wottonius,  Anglo-Cantianus,  postquam  quatuordecim 
fere  annorum  spatium  legationibus  apud  Venetos  exhauseram,  anno 
unici  Mediatoris  supra  millesimum  sexcentesimum  vicesimo  secundo, 
aetatis  meae  quinquagesimo  tertio  iam  labente,1  de  illorum  imperio 
scribere  sum  aggressus  ;  ut  si  non  satis  vigilasse  foris  pro  publico 
munere,  at  saltern  vixisse  videar.  Quippe  levi  profecto  distant  dis- 
crimine  silentes  a  defunctis  ;  nee  multum  interest,  nos  terminet  fatalis 
dies,  an  praestinguat  inertia.2  Igitur  libido  saepius  sopita,  nunc  arden- 
tior  rediit,  revolvendi  Vetera,  novaque  ;  ut  ex  radicibus  eliciam  quo 
Fati  ductu,  queis  maxime  institutis,  quibusque  artibus,  tam  inclyta 
Christiani  orbis  Civitas  tot  saecula  superaverit,  inter  varias  mari 
terraque  tam  cladium  quam  victoriarum  vices,  nee  minora  fortasse 
ipsius  otii  quam  belli  mala.  Huius  felicitatis  progressus  et  fulci- 
menta  retro  quaerenti,  duo  praecipue  (si  recte  aestimo)  fontes  reclu- 
dent :    historia  temporum  et   imperii   forma.      Quae   quam   potero 

beneficium,  quoruindam  beneficium  malle  quam  iudicium,  et  subiciebat  exem- 
pla :  malo,  aiebat,  divi  Augusti  iudicium,  malo  Claudii  beneficium.''  (Seneca,  De  Beneficiis, 
i,  c.  15.  5.) 

1  As  the  Kev.  J.  Hannah  points  out,  Wotton's  above  statement  about  his  age 
must  be  a  mistake,  if  the  accepted  date  of  his  birth  is  the  correct  one.  If 
Wotton  was  born  March  30,  1568,  his  fifty-third  year  would  end  March  30,  1621, 
more  than  twenty  months  before  the  date  of  this  letter  to  the  King.  (J.  Hannah, 
p.  xix  ;  ante,  i,  p.  1.) 

2  Wotton  afterwards  made  use  of  this  phrase  in  his  fragment  on  Henry  VI  : 
■  Inter  honestam  requiem  quam  Etonense  Collegium  vergentibus  iam  annis 
nostris  indulget,  subinde  me  invasit  haec  cogitatio,  haud  multum  distort 
silentes  a  defunctis/  &c.     (Reliq.,  4th  ed.,  p.  108.)     Cf.  Horace,  Od.  iv.  9.  29  : — 

'  Paulum  sepultae  distat  inertiae 
Celata  virtus.' 


TO  JAMES  I 

brevissime  et  quasi  delibatim  expediam,  ut  hoc  qualecunque  conce- 
ptum  opus  delectu  magis  rerum  quam  ubertate  gestiat.  Simul  eiiam 
ne  in  alienae  Reipublicae  arcanis  longius  haerendo  hospitis  verecun- 
diam  violarem. 

Te  vero  sapientissime  Iacobe  Rex  et  Domine  (sub  cuius  indul- 
gentis  iudicii  praesidio  imbecillitas  nostra  civilibus  ministeriis 
incubuit,  quam  quidem  natura  potius  ad  simpliciora  studia  damna- 
verat)  :  Te,  inquam,  Clarissimum  saeculi  Lumen,  in  exordio  praesen- 
tium  curarum  invocare  liceat,  ut  tanti  nominis  velut  adflatu  quodam 
alacrius  incoeptum  peragam.  Sed  quia  non  levia  meditamur,  quod 
Mite  ingressum  ingenui  authores  solent,  id  quoque  profiteor,  me  sine 
obtrectatione,  sine  blanditiis,  sensus  quos  per  omnem  laboris  partem 
res  ipsa  suggeret,  liberrime  prolaturum,  ne  argumenti  dignitatem 
dehonestet  servilis  oratio. 

lam  urbem  Venetain.  &e. 

380.    To  the  Marquis  of  Buckingham  (?). 

Bdiq.f  2nd  ed.,  p.  484  (among  other  letters  to  Buckingham),  3rd  ed.,  p.  250, 
inscribed  ■  A  Letter  Concerning  the  Original  of  Venice  \  No  date  or 
address,  but  printed  after  the  above  Latin  epistle  in  the  3rd  ed.,  and 
perhaps  a  draft  of  the  beginning  of  the  history  of  Venice,  which  Wotton 
apparently  never  finished.  For  lack  of  other  indications  I  place  this 
letter  here. 

(Venice,  Dec.  12,  1622,  N.  S.  ?> 

Right  Honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

I  owe  your  Lordship,  even  by  promise,  some  account  of  my 
foreign  travels,  and  the  observations  which  I  have  taken  touching 
this  city  and  Republic,  are  these. 

The  general  position  of  the  city  of  Venice,  I  find  much  celebrated, 
even  by  the  learnedest  of  the  Arabians  *,  as  being  seated  in  the  very 
middle  point  between  the  equinoctial  and  the  northern  Pole,  at 
45  degrees  precisely,  or  next  hand,  of  latitude.  Yet  their  winters  are 
for  the  most  part  sharper  than  ours,  though  about  six  degrees  less  of 
elevation  ;  perchance  by  vicinity  to  the  chilly  tops  of  the  Alps,  for 
winds  as  well  as  waters  are  tainted  in  their  passage  ;  and  the  conse- 
quence which  men  make  in  common  discourse,  from  the  degree  of 
the  place  to  the  temper  is  indeed  very  deceivable,  without  a  due 
regard  to  other  circumstances. 

The  circuit  thereof,  through  divers  creeks,  is  not  well  determinable, 
but  as  astronomers  use  to  measure  the  stars,  we  may  account  it  a 
city  of  the  first  magnitude,  as  London,  Paris,  Gaunt,  Millain, 
Lisbon,  &c. 

1  '  Averhoes,'  note  in  margin. 


256  LETTERS    OF  WOTTON 

How  they  came  to  be  founded  in  the  midst  of  the  waters  I  could 
never  meet  with  any  clear  memorial.  The  best  and  most  of  their 
authors  ascribe  their  first  beginnings  rather  to  chance  or  necessity, 
than  counsel  ;  which  yet  in  my  opinion  will  amount  to  no  more  than 
a  pretty  conjecture  intenebrated  by  antiquity,  for  thus  they  deliver 
it :  they  say  that  among  the  tumults  of  the  middle  age,  when  nations 
went  about  swarming  like  bees,  Atylas,  that  great  captain  of  the 
Hunnes,  and  scourge  of  the  world  (as  he  was  styled)  lying  along  with 
a  numerous  army  at  the  siege  of  Aquileia,  it  struck  a  mighty  affright- 
ment  and  confusion  into  all  the  nearer  parts.  Whereupon  the  best 
sort  of  the  bordering  people  out  of  divers  towns,  agreed  either 
suddenly,  or  by  little  and  little  (as  fear  will  sometimes  collect,  as 
well  as  distract)  to  convey  themselves  and  their  substance  into  the 
uttermost  bosom  of  the  Adriatick  Gulf,  and  there  possessed  certain 
desolate  islets,  by  tradition  about  seventy  in  number,  which  after- 
wards (necessity  being  the  mother  of  art)  were  tacked  together  with 
bridges,  and  so  the  city  took  a  rude  form,  which  grew  civilized  with 
time,  and  became  a  great  example  what  the  smallest  things  well 
fomented  may  prove. 

They  glory  in  this  their  beginning  two  ways.  First,  that  surely 
their  progenitors  were  not  of  the  meanest  and  basest  quality  (for 
such  having  little  to  lose  had  as  little  cause  to  remove).  Next,  that 
they  were  timely  instructed  with  temperance  and  penury  (the  nurses 
of  moderation).  And  true  it  is,  that  as  all  things  savour  of  their  first 
principles,  so  doth  the  said  Republic  (as  I  shall  afterwards  show) 
even  at  this  day  ;  for  the  rule  will  hold  as  well  in  civil  as  in  natural 
causes. 

Caetera  desunt. 

381.      To    THE   MARQUIS   OF   BUCKINGHAM. 
Harl.  MS.  1581,  f.  222,  holograph,  Reliq.,  2nd  ed.,  p.  478,  3rd  ed.,  p.  314; 
Cabala  (1654)  i,  p.  194.    Mole  in  the  prison  of  the  Inquisition.    Pictures 
sent  from  Venice. 

Venice,  Dec.  &,  1622. 
My  most  honoured  and  my  most  dear  Lord, 

To  give  your  Lordship  occasion  to  exercise  your  noble  nature  is 
withal  one  of  the  best  exercises  of  mine  own  duty ;  and  therefore  I 
am  confident  to  pass  a  very  charitable  motion  through  your 
Lordship's  hands  and  mediation  to  his  Majesty. 

There  hath  long  lain  in  the  prison  of  Inquisition  a  constant 
worthy  gentleman,  namely  Mr.  Mole  ;  in  whom  his  Majesty  hath  not 
only  a  right  as  his  subject,  but  likewise  a  particular  interest  in  the 
cause   of   his  first  imprisonment.     For  having  communicated  his 


TO  THE  MARQUIS  OF  BUCKINGHAM  257 

Majesty's  immortal  work  ]  touching  the  allegiance  due  unto  sovereign 
princes,  with  a  Florentine  of  his  familiar  acquaintance,  this  man 
took  such  impression  at  some  passages,  as  troubling  his  conscience, 
he  took  occasion  at  the  next  shrift,  to  confer  certain  doubts  with  his 
confessor  ;  who  out  of  malicious  curiosity,  inquiring  all  circumstances, 
gave  afterwards  notice  thereof  to  Rome,  whither  the  said  Mole  was 
gone  with  my  Lord  Rosse,  who  in  this  story  is  not  without  blame, 
but  I  will  not  disquiet  his  grave. 

Now  having  lately  heard  that  his  Majesty,  at  the  suit  of  I  know  not 
what  ambassadors  (but  among  them  the  Florentine  is  voiced  for  one), 
was  pleased  to  yield  some  releasement  to  certain  restrained  persons 
of  the  Roman  faith,  I  have  taken  a  conceit  upon  it,  that  in  exchange 
of  his  clemency  therein,  the  Great  Duke  would  be  easily  moved  by 
the  King's  gracious  request,  to  intercede  with  the  Pope  for  Mr.  Mole's 
delivery  :  to  which  purpose,  if  it  shall  please  his  Majesty  to  grant  his 
royal  letters,  I  will  see  the  business  duly  pursued.  And  so  needing 
no  arguments  to  commend  this  proposition  to  his  Majesty's  goodness 
but  his  goodness  itself,  I  leave  it  (as  I  began)  in  your  noble  hand. 

Now  touching  your  Lordship's  familiar  service,  as  I  may  term 
it,  I  have  sent  the  complement  of  your  bargain,  upon  the  best  pro- 
vided and  best  manned  ship  that  hath  been  here  in  long  time, 
called  the  Phoenix.  And  indeed  the  cause  of  their  long  stay  hath 
been  for  some  such  vessel  as  I  might  trust.  About  which,  since  I 
wrote  last  to  your  Lordship,  I  resolved  to  fall  back  to  my  first 
choice  ;  so  as  now  the  one  piece  is  the  work  of  Titian,  wherein  the 
least  figure  (namely  the  child  in  the  Virgin's  lap  playing  with  a  bird) 
is  alone  worth  the  price  of  your  expense  for  all  four,  being  so  round, 
that  I  know  not  whether  I  shall  call  it  a  piece  of  sculpture,  or 
picture,  and  so  lively,  that  a  man  would  be  tempted  to  doubt 
whether  nature  or  art  had  made  it.  The  other  is  of  Palma 2,  and  this 
I  call  the  speaking  piece,  as  your  Lordship  will  say  it  may  well  be 
termed.  For  except  the  damsel  brought  to  David,  whom  a  silent 
modesty  did  best  become,  all  the  other  figures  are  in  discourse  and 
in  action.  They  come  both  distended  in  their  frames,  for  I  durst  not 
hazard  them  in  rolls,  the  youngest  being  twenty-five  years  old,  and 
therefore  no  longer  supple  and  pliant.  With  them  I  have  been  bold  to 
send  a  dish  of  grapes  to  your  noble  sister,  the  Countess  of  Denbigh n, 
presenting  them  first  to  your  Lordship's  view,  that  you  may  be 

1  The  Premonition.     For  Mole's  arrest  see  Appendix  III,  under  Mole. 

8  Palma  Giovane,  1554-1628. 

3  Susanna  Villiers,  wife  of  Sir  William  Fielding,  created  Earl  of  Denbigh  1682, 
Wotton  in  The  Life  and  Death  of  Buckingliam  describes  her  as  i  that  right  ch;n 
of  a  good  lady '.     (Reliq.,  4th  ed.,  p.  237.)     I  have  made  inquiries  about  thi>  pic- 
ture, and  am  informed  that  it  has  been  found  and  identified  at  Newnham  PfeddOX, 

WOTTON    II  8 


258  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

pleased  to  pass  your  censure,  whether  Italians  can  make  fruits  as 
well  as  Flemings,  which  is  the  common  glory  of  their  pencils.  By 
this  gentleman 1  I  have  sent  the  choicest  melon  seeds  of  all  kinds, 
which  his  Majesty  doth  expect,  as  I  had  order  both  from  my  Lord  of 
Holderness,  and  from  Mr.  Secretary  Calvert.  And  although  in  my 
letter  to  his  Majesty  (which  I  hope  by  your  Lordship's  favour,  himself 
shall  have  the  honour  to  deliver,  together  with  the  said  seeds)  I  have 
done  him  right  in  his  due  attributes  ;  yet  let  me  say  of  him  farther, 
as  architects  use  to  speak  of  a  well-chosen  foundation,2  that  your 
Lordship  may  boldly  build  what  fortune  you  please  upon  him,  for 
surely  he  will  bear  it  virtuously.  I  have  committed  to  him  for  the 
last  place  a  private  memorial3  touching  myself,  wherein  I  shall 
humbly  beg  your  Lordship's  intercession  upon  a  necessary  motive. 
And  so,  with  my  heartiest  prayers  to  heaven  for  your  continual 
health  and  happiness,  I  most  humbly  rest, 

Your  Lordship's  ever  obliged,  ever  devoted  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

My  noble  Lord,  it  is  one  of  my  duties  to  tell  your  Lordship  that  I 
have  sent  a  servant  of  mine4  (by  profession  a  painter)  to  make  a 
search  in  the  best  towns  through  Italy,  for  some  principal  pieces, 
which  I  hope  may  produce  somewhat  for  your  Lordship's  contentment 
and  service. 

382.     To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  dictated.     A  difficulty  about  visiting  the  newly  arrived  Dutch 

ambassador. 

Venice,  |f  December,  1622. 
Eight  Honourable, 

Never  was  man  so  vexed  as  I  have  been  with  a  punctuality, 
importing  no  less  hitherto  than  a  civil  schism  between  the  regal 
ambassadors  here  and  the  new  arrived  ambassador  from  the  States,5 

1  Adolphus  Ripplingham,  ante,  ii,  p.  253. 

2  •  If  the  foundation,'  Wotton  wrote  in  the  Elements  of  Architecture. '  happen  to 
dance,  it  will  mar  all  the  mirth  in  the  house.'     (Reliq.,  4th  ed.,  p.  17.) 

3  Wotton  wrote  asking  for  leave  to  return  to  England.     (See  below,  p.  267.) 

4  Daniel  Nys?     {Ante,  ii,  p.  210.) 

5  In  the  autumn  of  1622  Berg  arrived  in  Venice  as  ambassador  from  the 
United  Provinces,  and  claimed  the  title  of  Excellenza,  and  the  right  of  the 
first  visit  from  the  regal  ambassadors.  Wotton  and  the  French  ambassador  (at 
that  moment  the  only  regal  ambassadors  in  Venice)  were  unwilling  to  grant  his 
claim  to  equality  with  themselves.  In  his  audience  of  Dec.  31  Wotton  men 
tioned  his  scruples  to  the  Doge  ;  the  only  Republic,  he  said,  whose  ambassadors 
had  a  right  to  be  called  Excellenza  was  Venice,  the  '  Crowned  Republic '  he 
called  it,  because  of  its  possession  of  the  ancient  kingdom  of  Candia.  (Esp. 
Prin.,  Dec.  31.)  Wotton,  however,  being  friendly  with  the  Dutch,  arranged 
some  kind  of  a  compromise.  What  the  compromise  was  he  does  not  tell,  but 
Sachetti  writes  that  Wotton  decided  after  some  difficulty  to  visit  Berg,  and  give 
him  the  desired  title,  though  the  French  ambassador  refused.  (Arch.  Med.  3009, 
Jan.  7,  April  15,  1523.) 


t 


TO  SIR  GEORGE  CALVERT        259 

who  hath  not  been  yet  visited,  though  lie  had  his  public  audience 
on  Tuesday  was  sevennight.  It  were  long  to  tell  what  forms  I  have 
propounded  to  accommodate  this  point,  what  discoursings,  what  inter- 
messages,  how  I  have  played  the  advocate  for  him,  not  only  with 
the  French  ambassador,  but  even  with  myself.  And  it  had  been 
quickly  done,  if  the  subject  had  been  as  pliant  as  my  affections. 
Howsoever,  at  last  I  have  lighted  upon  an  expedient  to  the  ambas- 
sador's own  good  liking,  which  yet  hath  been  retarded  five  days  by 
our  Duke's  indisposition  ;  so  long  hath  he  kept  his  chamber,  either 
through  infirmity  of  body  (which  in  so  heavy  years  he  may  make  us 
easily  believe),  or  some  inward  distaste,  upon  a  desperate  distraction 
fallen  out  between  him  and  the  Senate,  in  the  cause  of  his  son  the 
Cardinal1,  elected  Bishop  of  Bergamo  by  the  Pope.  The  full  story 
shall  come  by  the  next  ordinary,  for  a  New  Year's  gift,  being  as  strange 
an  accident  as  this  government  hath  yielded  for  many  years.  And 
hoping  in  the  meantime  to  clear  all  clouds,  at  least  between  the 
ambassador  of  the  States  and  myself,  though  I  cannot  promise  for 
the  French,  I  will  then  yield  a  full  accompt  of  my  proceeding,  wherein 
mine  own  conscience  in  the  sight  of  God  doth  warrant  me  that  I  have 
carried  myself  with  all  equanimity  that  the  matter  would  bear. 

From  France,  touching  the  Rhaetian  business,  we  have  yet  no 
reply.  And  so  I  humbly  commit  your  Honour  to  God's  continual 
blessing  and  love.     Remaining  ever, 

At  your  commands, 

Henry  Wotton. 

383.     To  James  I. 

S.  P.  Yen.,  holograph,  extract.     The  death  of  Paolo  Sarpi. 

Venice,  10°  January, 
Sty.  Vet.,  1622  <3>. 

.  .  .  The  last  duty  in  this  paper  is  the  uncheerfullest,  namely,  an 
accompt  of  the  death  of  Maestro  Paulo. 

About  the  beginning  of  Christmas,  in  our  style,  he  was  taken  witli 
a  trembling  and  sudden  succussion,  which  yet  he  passed  over  with 
little  retirement,  till  it  resolved  into  a  slight  fever,  increasing  with 
signs  of  malignity  from  almost  an  insensible  beginning.  At  last  he 
sent  for  a  grave  physician,  whom,  in  the  presence  of  Father  Fulgentio, 
he  besought  to  tell  him  freely  his  judgement.  The  doctor,  as  plainly 
as  he  was  required,  told  him  that  by  all  natural  discourse  (though 
reserving  the  event  to  the  highest  Will)  his  time  was  come.     Here- 

1  Piero  Priuli,  ante,  i,  p.  468.  Doges  of  Venice  and  their  sons  and  Mjphewa 
were  forbidden  by  the  laws  of  the  Republic  to  accept  any  benefices  from  the 
Pope.     (Romanin,  vii,  pp.  205-6.) 

S  2 


260  LETTERS   OF    WOTTON 

upon  he  asked  him  a  second  question,  whether  he  thought  his  disease 
would  be  lingering  or  speedjT.  In  that  likewise  he  dealt  as  plainly, 
that  he  found  him  to  decline  apace.  The  next  day  morning,  which 
was  Saturday  the  11th  of  our  January,1  he  asked  him  again  the 
second  question,  and  then  the  doctor  told  him  that  he  thought  he 
could  not  pass  the  night  following,  which  he  took  as  he  did  his 
former  judgements,  without  any  manner  of  trouble  to  his  mind,  but 
thereupon  fell  with  a  quiet  and  reposed  countenance  to  commit  in 
private  some  memorials  to  the  foresaid  Fulgentio,  his  inwardest 
friend,  which  are  yet  not  known.  And  so  more  and  more  fainting, 
at  the  break  of  morning  on  (the)  12th  day  he  rendered  his  spirit 
to  God :  a  man  consumed  in  his  whole  life  with  meditation  and 
study,  and  in  his  age  with  public  business ;  having  been  the  first, 
I  think,  whom  they  ever  admitted  to  their  secrets  without  a  sena- 
torious  habit,  and  least  of  all  in  a  monastical.  Profound  almost  in 
all  kind  of  knowledge,  but  singularly  versed,  as  his  place  did  require, 
in  the  subtleties  of  the  Canon  Law,  as  the  forge  (for  so  he  often  said) 
of  all  the  Eoman  corruptions.  By  which  inspection  he  was  more 
terrible  to  the  Pope  than  by  his  spirits,  which  were  meek,  and  so  were 
his  counsels.  And  to  parallel  him  briefly  with  two  great  instruments 
of  light,  he  had  surely  much  of  the  Melancthon,  but  little  of  the  Luther. 

His  funeral  was,  by  public  order  and  expense,  very  honourable  for 
his  degree :  his  corpse  was  carried  a  good  circuit  about  the  town,  and 
not  as  vulgar  friars,  about  their  own  convent  only.  Before  all 
went  some  thirty  torches  borne  by  laymen,  between  whom  and  the 
body  were  interposed  four  orders  of  monks,  his  own  and  three  other 
of  nearest  resemblance  in  habit,  two  by  two,  with  their  stole  hanging 
down,  and  their  heads  and  faces  almost  covered  ;  and  about  the  hearse 
were  a  hundred  torches  carried  by  hospital  men  all  in  new  habits. 
Thus  was  laid  into  the  earth  the  ornament  of  all  cloisters.2 

And  so  having  entertained  your  Majesty  with  these  poor  descrip- 
tions, I  ever  rest, 

Your  Majesty's  most  faithful  and  long 

devoted  poor  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

1  Saturday  fell  on  Jan.  11  in  the  old  style,  Jan.  14  in  the  new.  Sarpi  died  on 
Sunday,  Jan.  15,  N.S.     Wotton  is  confused  here  in  his  dates. 

8  Sarpi  was  buried  at  the  foot  of  an  altar  in  the  Servite  Church,  and  the 
Senate  decreed  that  a  monument  should  be  erected  to  his  memory.  Owing, 
however,  to  the  hostility  and  threats  of  the  Pope,  the  monument  was  not 
erected.  Branthwaite  (whom  Wotton  had  left  behind  him  as  English  agent  in 
Vienna)  wrote  on  Dec.  29,  1623,  l  The  most  which  is  spoken  of  here  this  week 
is  the  disgust  the  Pope  hath  taken  at  this  State  that  they  do  not,  according  to 
his  demand,  take  up  the  body  of  Fra  Paolo,  and  throw  it  to  the  dogs,  and  cease 
to  proceed  with  his  monument,  being  a  man  that  died  in  excommunication.' 
(S.  P.  Yen.) 


TO   .IA.MKS    I  261 


•ssi.  To  James  I1. 

i,  sent  wi 
io  Foscai 
(Venice,  Jan.  27th,  1023,  N.  S.) 


N.  /'.  Ven.,  transcript,  unsigned,  no  date,  sent  with  letter  ol  January  \\. 
The  case  of  Antonio  Fofcarini, 


To    HIS    MOST    SACRED    MAJESTY, 

For  that  the  case  of  the  late  Cavalier  Antonio  Foscarini  hath 
been  diversely  misreported,  and  perhaps  not  the  least  even  by  those 
that  were  his  judges,  to  cover  their  own  disgrace,  I  have  thought 
a  little  curiosity  not  ill  spent  in  research  of  the  whole  proceeding, 
that  your  Majesty,  to  whom  he  was  so  well  known,  may  have  a  more 
due  information  of  this  rare  and  unfortunate  example.  There  is 
amongst  the  partitions  of  this  government  a  veiy  awful  magistracy 
under  title  of  inquisitori  di  Sfato,  to  which  are  commonly  deputed 
three  gentlemen  of  the  gravest  and  severest  natures,  who  receive  all 
secret  delations  in  matter  of  practice  against  the  public,  and  then 
refer  the  same,  as  they  shall  judge  the  consequence  thereof,  to  the 
Decemviral  Council,  as  the  supremest  tribunal  in  criminal  inquiries, 
of  which  body  they  are  usually  themselves  likewise  a  part. 

To  these  Inquisitors,  about  the  beginning  of  April  last,  came  two 
fellows  of  mean  condition,  born  about  the  Lago  di  Garda,  but  inhabi- 
tants in  Venice,  by  name  Girolamo  and  Dominico  Vani ;  as  some  say, 
uncle  and  nephew,  certainly  near  of  kin,  which  in  this  report  is  a  heavy 
circumstance,  for  thereby  they  were  the  likelier  to  conspire,  and  con- 
sequently their  united  testimony  (to  be)  of  the  less  validity.  These 
persons  capitulate  with  the  Inquisitors  of  that  time  (whose  names  I 
will  spare)  about  a  reward,  which  is  usual,  for  the  discovery  of  some 
gentlemen  who,  at  undue  times,  and  in  disguised  forms,  did  haunt 
the  houses  of  foreign  ministers,  and  in  particular  of  the  Spanish 
agent,  who  is  the  most  obnoxious  to  public  jealousy ;  and  therefore 
these  accusers  were  likeliest  upon  that  subject  to  gain  a  favourable 
hearing.  In  the  head  of  their  list  they  nominate  Antonio  Foscarini, 
then  an  actual  senator,  and  thereby  upon  pain  of  death  restrained 
from  all  conference  with  public  instruments,  unless  by  special  per- 
mission. To  verify  this  accusation,  besides  their  own  testimonies, 
they  allege  one  Gian  Battista,  who  served  the  foresaid  Spanish  agent, 
and  had  acquainted  them  with  the  accesses  of  such  and  such  gentle- 
nun  unto  him.  But  first  they  wished  that  the  Inquisitors  would 
proceed  against  Foscarini  upon  their  testimonies,  without  examina- 
tion of  the  said  Gian  Battista,  l>ecause  that  would  stir  some  noise, 

1  A  duplicate  of  this  dispatch,  without  date  or  address,  is  printed  in  the  Iicliq., 
1st  cd.,  p.  459,  3rd  ed.,  p.  306,  beginning,  'Sir,  having  not  long  written  unto 
you,  whose  friendship  towards  ine  hath  given  you  a  great  inter, m  in  me,  1  i  ad 
you  a  report  of  the  late  transaction,  even  for  a  little  entertainment,  lest  you 
should  think  me  to  live  without  observation.' 


262  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

and  then  perhaps  those  others,  whom  they  meant  to  delate,  would 
take  fear  and  escape.  Thereupon  Foscarini,  coming  from  the  next 
Senate  at  night  down  the  palace,1  was  by  order  of  the  Inquisitors 
muffled,  and  so  put  in  close  prison,  and  after  usual  examinations,  his 
own  denial  being  not  receivable  against  two  agreeing  witnesses,  he 
was,  by  sentence  of  the  Council  of  Ten,  some  fifteen  days  after  his 
imprisonment,  strangled  in  prison,  and  on  the  21st  of  the  foresaid 
April  according  to  their  accompt,  was  hanged  by  one  leg  on  a  gallows 
in  the  public  Piazza,  from  break  of  day  till  sunset,  with  all  imaginable 
circumstances  of  infamy,  his  very  face  having  been  bruised  with 
dragging  on  the  ground  ;  though  some  did  consider  that  for  a  kind  of 
favour  rather  than  disgrace,  that  he  might  be  the  less  known. 

After  this  the  same  accusers  pursue  their  occupation,  now  animated 
with  success,  and  next  they  name  Marco  Miani,  likewise  a  senator. 
But  one  of  the  Inquisitors,  either  by  nature  more  advised  than  the 
rest,  or  intenerated  with  that  which  was  already  done,  would  by  no 
means  proceed  any  further  without  a  pre-examination  of  the  foresaid 
Gian  Battista,  which  now  might  the  more  conveniently  and  the  more 
silently  be  taken,  because  he  had  left  the  house  of  the  Spanish  agent, 
and  was  married  in  the  town  to  a  goldsmith's  daughter. 

To  make  short,  they  draw  this  man  to  a  private  accompt,  and  he 
doth  not  only  disavow  the  ever  having  seen  any  gentleman  in  the 
Spanish  agent's  house,  either  by  day  or  by  night,  but  likewise  all 
such  interest  as  the  accusers  did  pretend  to  have  in  his  acquaintance, 
having  never  spoken  with  any  of  them,  but  only  some  three  words 
once  by  chance  with  the  elder,  namely  Girolamo,  upon  the  Piazza  di 
S.  Stephano.  Thereupon  the  Inquisitors  confront  him  with  the 
accusers,  and  they  confessing  their  malicious  plot,  had  sentence  to  be 
hanged,  as  afterwards  was  done. 

But  now  the  voice  running  of  this  detection,  the  nephews  of  the 
executed  cavalier,  namely  Nicolo  and  Girolamo  Foscarini,  make  haste 
to  present  a  petition  (in  all  opinion  most  equitable)  to  the  Decern  viral 
Tribunal,  that  the  false  accusers  of  the  said  Marco  Miani  might  be 
re-examined  likewise  about  their  uncle,  between  their  sentence  and 
their  death.  The  Council  of  Ten,  upon  this  petition,  did  assemble 
in  the  morning,  as  had  not  been  seen  perchance  in  a  hundred  years 
before,  and  there  they  put  to  voices  whether  the  nephews  shall  be 
satisfied.  In  the  first  ballotation  the  balls  were  equal  ;  in  the  second 
there  was  one  ball  more  in  the  negative  box,  either  because  the  false 
witnesses,  being  now  condemned  men,  were  disabled  by  course  of 
law  to  give  any  further  testimony,  or  for  that  the  Council  of  Ten 
thought  it  wisdom  to  smother  an  irrevocable  error.  The  petition 
1  April  8,  1622,  N.S. 


TO  JAMES  I  268 

being  denied,  no  possible  way  remained  for  the  nephews  to  clear  the 
defamation  of  their  uncle  (which  in  the  rigour  of  this  State  had  l>«  <  n 
likewise  a  perpetual  stop  to  their  own  fortunes)  but  by  means  of  the 
confessor,  to  whom  the  delinquents  should  disburden  their  souls  before 
their  death  ;  and  by  him,  at  importunate  and  strong  persuasion  of  the 
said  nephews,  the  matter  was  revealed.  Whereupon  did  ensue  the 
annexed  declaration  of  the  Council  of  Ten  *  touching  the  innocency 
of  the  foresaid  Antonio  Foscarini,  eight  months  and  five-and-twenty 
days  after  his  death.  Whether  in  this  case  there  were  any  mixture 
of  private  passion,  or  that  some  light  humours,  to  which  the  party 
was  subject,  together  with  the  taint  of  his  former  imprisonment,  did 
precipitate  the  credulity  of  his  judges,  I  dare  not  dispute  ;  but  surely 
in  312  years  that  the  Council  of  Ten  hath  stood,  there  was  never  cast 
a  greater  blemish  upon  it.  Which  being  the  supremest  piece  of  this 
government,  and  on  the  reputation  of  whose  grave  and  indubitable 
proceedings  the  regiment  of  manners  hath  most  depended,  is  likely 
to  breed  no  good  consequence  upon  the  whole.  Since  the  foresaid 
declaration  the  nephews  have  removed  the  body  of  their  uncle  from 
the  church  of  SS.  Giovanni  et  Paolo,  where  condemned  persons  are 
of  custom  interred,  to  the  monument  of  their  ancestors  in  another 
temple 2,  and  would  have  given  it  public  and  solemn  burial ;  but 
having  been  kept  from  increasing  thereby  the  scandal,  at  the  persua- 
sion rather  of  the  Prince  than  by  authority,  they  now  determine  to 
repair  his  fame  by  an  epitaph  3.  It  is  said  that  he  left  by  will  6,000 
ducats  to  him  that  should  discover  his  innocency.  It  is  likewise  said 
that  at  the  removing  of  his  body  his  heart  was  found  whole.  But 
this,  and  the  like  circumstances,  either  altogether  vain  or  not  much 
considerable,  I  leave  at  large. 

385.    To  the  Earl  of  Holderness4. 

Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  407,  unsigned,  no  date,  3rd  ed.,  p.  317,  with  date  '  162$' 
Written  some  weeks  after  the  dispatch  of  Dec.  12th,  1622,  and  prob- 
ably, therefore,  in  January,  1623.    Wotton  sends  a  rose  plant  to  Lord 

Holderness. 

(Venice,  Jan.,  1623.) 

Right  Honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

In  a  late  letter  from  your  Lordship  by  my  servant  I  have,  besides 
your  own  favours,  the  honour  of  employment  from  the  King,  in 

1  Jan.  16,  1623.  On  the  following  day  this  declaration  was  read  before  all  the 
nobles  of  Venice,  assembled  in  the  Gran  Concilio.     (S.  P.  Yen.,  Jan.  20.) 

-  The  church  of  the  Frari. 

3  '  The  last  of  miserable  remedies,'  Wotton  adds  in  the  account  printed  in  the 
Reliq.  Foscarini's  epitaph  in  S.  Eustachio  (S.  Stag),  near  the  Foscarini  palace, 
is  printed  in  Romanin  (vii,  p.  198). 

4  John  Ramsay  (1580? -1626),  who  protected  James  VI  in  the  Gowrie  Con- 
spiracy by  killing  the  Earl  of  Gowrie  and  his  brother.  Created  Viscount 
Haddington  in  1606,  and  Earl  of  Holderness  1621.     (D.  N.    B.) 


264  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

a  piece  of  his  delight :  which  doth  so  consort  with  the  opportunity 
of  my  charge  here,  that  it  hath  given  me  acquaintance  with  some 
excellent  florists !  (as  they  are  styled),  and  likewise  with  mine  own 
disposition,  who  have  ever  thought  the  greatest  pleasure  to  consist  in 
the  simplest  ornaments  and  elegancies  of  nature,  as  nothing  could 
fall  upon  me  more  happily.  Therefore  your  Lordship  shall  see  how 
I  will  endeavour  to  satisfy  this  command.  I  had  before  order  by 
Mr.  Secretary  Calvert  to  send  his  Majesty  some  of  the  best  melon 
seeds  of  all  kinds  ;  which  I  have  done  some  weeks  since,2  by  other 
occasion  of  an  express  messenger,  and  sent  withal  a  very  particular 
instruction  in  the  culture  of  that  plant.  By  the  present  bearer  I  do 
direct  unto  your  Lordship,  through  the  hands  either  of  my  nephew 
or  Mr.  Nicholas  Pey  (as  either  of  them  shall  be  readiest  at  London), 
for  some  beginning  in  this  kind  of  service,  the  stem  of  a  double 
yellow  rose  of  no  ordinary  nature ;  for  it  flowereth  every  month 
(unless  change  of  the  clime  do  change  the  property)  from  May  till 
almost  Christmas.3  There  hath  gone  such  care  in  the  manner  of 
the  conveyance,  as  if  at  the  receiving,  it  be  presently  put  into  the 
earth,  I  hope  it  will  prosper.  By  the  next  commodity  I  shall  send 
his  Majesty  some  of  the  rarest  seeds. 

Now  for  mine  own  obligations  unto  your  Lordship  (whereof  I  have 
from  some  friends  at  home  very  abundant  knowledge),  what  shall 
I  say?  It  was  in  truth,  my  Lord,  an  argument  of  your  noble 
nature  to  take  my  fortune  into  your  care?  who  never  yet  made  it  any 
great  part  of  mine  own  business.  I  am  a  poor  student  in  philosophy, 
which  hath  redeemed  me  not  only  from  the  envying  of  others,  but 
even  from  much  solicitude  about  myself.  It  is  true  that  my  most 
gracious  master  hath  put  me  into  civil  practice,  and  now  after  long 
service  I  grow  into  a  little  danger  of  wishing  I  were  worth  some- 
what. But  in  this  likewise  I  do  quiet  my  thoughts,  for  I  see  by  your 
Lordship's  so  free  and  so  undeserved  estimation  of  me,  that,  like  the 
cripple  who  had  lain  long  at  the  pool  of  Bethesda,  I  shall  find  some- 
body that  will  throw  me  into  the  water  when  it  moveth.  I  will 
end  with  my  humble  and  hearty  thanks  for  your  favour  and  love. 

386.     To  Sir  Albertus  Mortox. 
C.  C.  C.  MS.  318,  f.  39,  holograph.     Printed  in  Archaeol.  xl.     No  date,  but 
sent  with  above  letter  to  Lord  Holderness.     Message  to  the  Queen  oi 
Bohemia ;  the  plants  for  Lord  Holderness. 

(Venice,  Jan.,  1623,) 
Mi  Alberte, 

Your  commendation  of  this  bearer  unto  me  hath  made  me  the 

1  '  Florist  \  from  the  Italian  fiorista,  was  first  used  as  an  English  word  by 
Wotton.     (N.  E.  D.) 

2  See  ante,  ii,  p.  253.        3  No  such  monthly  yellow  rose  is  now  known  to  florists. 


TO   SIR  ALBERTUS   MORTON  265 

willinger,  in  liis  return,  to  set  upon  him  ■  mark  of  trust  in  thr> 
carriage  of  an  important  dispatch  coincident  with  his  departure,  of 
which  one  piece  doth  nearly  concern  you,  namely  tin  foil  professions 
of  this  Republic  in  the  business  of  our  royal  mistress :  whose  con- 
currence hath  been  solicited  both  by  his  Majesty's  own  letters  (which 
are  the  best  interpreters  of  his  affection)  and  by  his  commands  to  me. 
Let  me  pray  you  in  your  next  to  the  Haghe  to  do  me  the  right  of 
informing  how  glad  I  was  of  this  employment  here.  James 1  hath 
quenched  all  my  wonder  at  your  silence.  Now,  because  I  foresee 
that  hereafter  there  will  grow  more  matter  of  discourse  between  us, 
I  have  thought  fit  to  furnish  you  with  a  larger  cipher,  whereof 
I  must  entreat  you  to  consign  a  fair  copy  to  the  Dean  of  Paules.2 

You  receive  herein  the  copy  of  my  letter  to  the  Earl  of  Holder- 
nesse,  upon  occasion  of  a  new  command  from  the  King.  Let  me 
trouble  you  with  the  presentation  thereof  unto  him,  and  likewise  of 
the  plant,  which  I  send  in  a  little  long  box  inscribed  to  his  Lordship. 
I  have  adventured  also  to  address  another  box  unto  you,  with  inscrip- 
tion to  my  Lady  Fielding,  which  I  pray  retain  silently  till  the 
receipt  of  my  letter,  which  shall  follow  this  within  two  days  by  the 
ordinary  ;  and  therein  I  shall  exercise  the  present  cipher,  which  hath 
made  me  now  send  it  solitarily.  Till  then,  therefore,  no  more.  The 
Lord's  love  be  with  us. 

Thine  own  poor  uncle, 

Henky  Wottoh. 

God's  pity,  I  had  almost  forgotten  to  thank  thee  for  thy  tine 
tokens.  Never  was  man  so  brag  of  anything.  And  now  I  am  in 
pain  what  I  shall  return  for  them.     Orsii,  qualchc  cosa  sara. 

387.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

8,  1\  Vol,  dictated,  extract.     The  new  league  with  France  and  Savoy. 

Venice,  this  23th  of  February, 
Sty.  Vet.,  1622  <3>. 

.  .  .  We  are  newly  here  out  of  our  carnival.  Never  was  there 
in  the  licensing  of  public  masks  a  more  indulgent  decemvirate. 
never  fewer  mischiefs  and  acts  of  private  revenge 8 ;  as  if  restrained 
passions  were  indeed  the  most  dangerous.  Now,  after  these  anniver- 
sary follies  have  had  their  course,  and  perhaps  their  use  likewise,  in 
diverting  men  from  talking  of  greater  matters,  we  begin  to  dis- 
course in  every  corner  of  our  new  League  *  ;  which  having  first  been 

1  James  Vary? 

1  John  Donne,  who  was  made  Dean  of  St.  Paul's  in  Nov.,  1621.     (/>.  N.  B.) 
:;  The  carnival,  Wotton  wrote  (Feb.  3,  1(>22),  was  the   'usual  killing  timr  *. 
(•$.  P.  Vm.) 

4  Negotiation*  had    been   proceeding   for  MOM    time   at  Ariel    between    the 


266  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

signed  by  the  Venetian  ambassador,  at  Paris  hath  been  ratified  by 
a  late  extraordinary  courier  from  hence.  That  shall  be  the  subject  of 
my  next,  for  it  is  now  time  to  judge  of  it.     And  so  I  rest, 

At  your  Honour's  commands, 

Henry  Wotton. 

388.  To  Sir  George  Calvert. 
S.  P.  Ven.,  dictated.    Wotton's  illness  and  recovery. 

Venice,  §j}  March,  1622  <3>. 
Right  Honourable, 

I  send  this  only  to  excuse  the  silence  of  some  weeks,  having 

been  confined  to  my  chamber  with  much  distemper  in  my  stomach 

and  in  my  head,  and  with  extreme  sweatings  in  the  nights,  that  have 

troubled   my  rest   and   weakened  my  body,  which  my  physicians 

attribute  to  certain  fumes  arising  from  that  kind  of  melancholy, 

which  they  call  hypochondriacal,  whereof  either  by  nature,  or  by 

diet,  or  by  age,  or  by  the  very  inclination  of  this  watery  seat,  I  have 

gotten  my  share. 

I  am  now,  I  thank  God,  growing  cheerful  again,  with  a  hope  to 

return  unto  my  ordinary  duties  by  the  next  post.     In  the  meantime 

I  see  no  such  preparations  here  for  the  pursuit  of  our  new  League 

that  is  likely  to  breed  much  employment  for  either  swords  or  pens  ; 

but  of  this  I  shall  discourse  more  at  a  little  better  ease.     Wishing 

your  Honour  that  which  I  want,  and  resting, 

At  your  commands, 

Henry  Wotton. 

389.  To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph.    Wotton  asks  for  a  letter  of  recall. 

Venice,  T*-  April,  1623, 
Right  Honourable, 

I  have  by  my  servant  James  Varie,  in  a  letter  from  my  Lord 

Admiral 1  (whose  intercession  I  had  entreated)  understood  the  King's 

representatives  of  Venice,  Savoy,  and  France,  for  the  formation  of  a  League  to 
compel  the  Spaniards  to  give  up  the  Valtelline.  Wotton  did  not  believe  that 
the  French  were  in  earnest  about  it.  '  The  more  I  contemplate  this  collegation,' 
he  wrote  on  Jan.  27,  '  the  more  I  am  tempted  to  think  that  all  which  they 
meant  to  do  was  by  way  of  noise  ;  having  in  truth  been  carried  from  the  very 
beginning  like  those  which  would,  according  to  a  proverb  of  their  own,  prendre 
cles  lievres  au  son  clu  tabourin.'  On  Feb.  16  he  wrote  that  there  was  more  noise  of 
the  League,  but  it  'was  all  noise'.  (S.  P.  Ven.)  However,  on  Feb.  7,  the  treaty 
was  actually  signed  ;  France  was  to  furnish  an  army  of  from  fifteen  to  eighteen 
thousand  men,  Venice  was  to  add  ten  to  twelve  thousand,  and  Savoy  eight 
thousand,  and  each  two  thousand  cavalry  as  well.  Mansfeld  was  to  be  engaged 
to  make  a  diversion  in  the  north,  to  keep  the  Austrians  occupied.  The 
Spaniards,  alarmed  at  this,  offered  to  place  the  Valtelline  in  the  hands  of  the 
Pope  until  the  differences  about  it  were  amicably  settled,  and  Louis  XIII,  who 
had  no  desire  to  go  to  war,  accepted  this  offer,  and  made  Venice  and  Savoy 
accept  it.     {Romanin,  vii,  pp.  262-3.)  1  The  Marquis  of  Buckingham. 


TO  SIR  GEORGE  CALVERT        267 

good  leave  touching  mine  own  return  home  far  i  whih-  :  which  yet 
his  Majesty  doth  wish  may  be  after  some  resolution  about  the  business 
of  the  Valtolina,  the  steps  whereof  I  can  now  contemplate  (for  we 
are  yet  here  no  farther  than  contemplation)  with  more  cheerful 
health  than  I  have  had  of  late. 

In  the  meantime,  I  humbly  beseech  you,  Sir,  to  procure  me  a 
letter  from  his  Majesty  to  this  Duke,  conveying  his  pleasure  for  my 
n\ '.ration  in  the  usual  form.  And  if  in  the  said  letter  the  King 
■hall  be  likewise  pleased  to  intersert  a  few  lines  to  this  sense,  'that 
his  alliance  with  Spain  shall  not  hinder  his  Majesty  to  maintain  all 
offices  of  former  friendship  and  amity  with  this  Republic  as  well 
as  with  his  nearer  confederates,'  I  think  it  will  in  present  very 
seasonably  comfort  them,  and  may  perhaps  hereafter,  according  to 
the  productions  of  time,  turn  to  some  public  use. 

The  enclosed  transcript  from  a  letter  which  I  have  freshly  received 
from  Rome  will  acquaint  his  Majesty  with  as  much  in  substance  as 
this  week  yieldeth.     And  so  I  humbly  rest. 

At  your  Honour's  commands, 

Henry  Wottox. 

390.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

n.  V.  Ven.y  holograph.    A  private  letter  to  Calvert  about  the  letter  of  recall. 

Venice,  T\  April,  1623. 
Right  Honourable, 

I  will  say  nothing  of  the  subject  of  your  letter  brought  me  by 
James  Varie,  which  is  unsearchable.1  These  private  lines  are  there- 
fore only  intended  for  mine  own  defence,  aiming  at  no  public  duty. 
The  occasion  is  this.  My  said  servant  telleth  me  that  you  were 
unacquainted  with  my  suit  to  the  King  about  mine  own  return 
home.  Sir,  I  know  I  have  with  you  the  credit  of  a  poor  honest  man. 
Let  me  spend  it  all,  and  lose  both  your  faith  and  your  love  for  ever, 
if  I  did  not  give  especial  charge  to  Mr.  Replingam  (who  carried  from 
me  my  desire  to  my  Lord  of  Buckingham)  to  make  his  first  address 
unto  you,  and  besides  those  papers  (which  were  directed  to  yourself)  to 
put  the  copy  of  my  request  to  my  said  Lord  into  your  hand,  and  all 
other  remembrances  that  might  concern  either  the  public  or  my 
particular  ;  which  I  told  him  was  to  be  done  both  out  of  duty  to  your 
place,  and  out  of  my  long  obligation  to  your  friendship.  And  when 
my  servant,  after  you  had  bewrayed  unto  him  that  you  knew  nothing 
of  it,  did  gently  expostulate  the  matter  with  the  said  Replingam, 
his  answer  was,  that  he  had  been  once  or  twice  at  your  chamber, 

1  Calvert  had  probably  written  about  the  journey  of  Charles  and  Buckingham 
to  Spain. 


268  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

but  finding  you  (as  he  might  easily  enough)  busied,  he  thought  after- 
wards you  would  know  it  either  from  the  Marquis  or  from  the  King 
himself,  and  so  seems  to  have  transmitted  what  he  should  have  done  at 
first,  as  now  grown  stale.  This  is  the  simple  truth,  wherein  I  beseech 
you  let  it  be  punishment  enough  for  me  that  by  this  means  I  yet 
want  the  King's  letters  for  my  revocation,  which  upon  the  least 
remembrance  to  yourself  I  could  not  have  lacked  in  due  form.  But 
the  recourse  unto  your  love  is  not  too  late :  whereunto  I  commit 
myself,  and  your  honourable  person  to  God's  dear  blessings, 
Remaining,  your  ever  willing  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

391.     To  Sir  George  Calvert. 
S.  P.  Yen.,  holograph.     The  Pope's  illness,  &c. 

Venice,  }2{  April,  1623. 
Right  Honourable, 

Although  the  Pope's  1  physicians  did  conjecture  upon  the  state 
of  his  body  that  he  could  not  pass  the  last  eclipse,  yet  no  extra- 
ordinary courier  being  arrived  from  Rome  this  week,  we  conclude 
him  still  alive.  But  the  truth  of  his  case  is  known  to  few,  for  his 
nephew2  being  Camarlingo,  no  other  can  enter  into  his  stanzc 
ex  officio,  and  it  is  sure  enough  that  in  such  a  time  none  shall  enter 
ex  gratia  except  sealed  lips.  In  the  meanwhile,  his  brother  Duke  of 
Fiano  is  again  hastened  to  take  possession  of  the  forts  in  Valtolina,8 
(allowed)  even  by  the  Spaniards  themselves,  as  presupposing  that 
the  French  King  will  yield  thereunto,  and  not  much  regarding  the 
other  two  parties  colleagued  ;  whereof  this  Republic  can  yet  by  no 
means  brook  that  depositation.  Quid  refert  an  mulieres  praesint,  out  hi 
qui  praesunt  mulieribus  ooediant  ? 4  said  our  old  master  in  his  Politics, 
censuring  the  Lacedemonian  government.  And  the  Venetians  now 
seem  to  ask  a  question  much  like  it  ;  quid  refert,  whether  the  King 
of  Spayne  do  possess  the  Valtolina  himself,  or  the  Pope,  whom  he 
possesseth  ?     This  is  the  theme  of  our  Senate  at  the  present. 

I  now  send  you  the  Palinodia  of  Antonius  de  Dominis, 5  a  wretched 
thing,  God  knows,  and  written  in  my  opinion  with  as  poor  a  spirit 

1  Gregory  XV.  On  Feb.  16  Wotton  wrote  that  there  was  a  report  of  the 
Pope's  illness,  but  that  he  'was  one  of  those  chi  sempre  muoiono  et  sempre  vivono\ 

2  Cardinal  Ludovico  Ludovisio,  who  administered  the  Papal  government  in 
the  name  of  the  old  and  feeble  Pope. 

3  Gregory  XV  had  accepted  the  offer  of  the  French  that  he  should  take 
possession  of  the  Valtelline,  and  had  sent  several  companies  of  troops  for  this 
purpose,  under  the  command  of  his  brother,  the  Duke  of  Fiano.  (Ranke, 
Popes,  ii,  p.  103.) 

4  Aristotle,  Pol.  ii.  6. 

5  '  M.  A.  de  D.  sui  Reditu*  ex  Anglia  consilium  expo  nit?  printed  at  Rome  in  1623. 
An  English  translation  is  in  the  S.  P.  Ven.  (vol.  xxv),  another  was  printed  at 
Douai,  1623. 


TO  SIB  GEORGE  CALVERT        269 

as  false.  I  humbly  beseech  you,  Sir,  to  remember  the  King's  letters 
Which  I  did  beg  in  my  last.  And  so  without  farther  trouble  by 
this  courier,  I  commit  you  to  God's  dear  love,  remaining, 

At  your  Honour's  commands,  and  your  long  devoted, 

Hinry  Wot i 

392.     To  Sir  Dudley  Carleton. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph,  extract.    The  English  Jesuits;  the  Propaganda; 
the  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Mantua. 

Venice,  this  ^  of  May,  1623. 

...  The  Congregation  de  fide  Propaganda  (whereof  I  have  hereto- 
fore  said  somewhat  unto  your  Lordship)  have  newly  decreed  that  all 
the  alumni  of  Jesuits  in  the  Roman  colleges,  both  English,  Scottish, 
and  the  rest,  shall  hereafter  before  their  emissions  be  examined  and 
approved  by  the  said  Congregation.  Which  counsel  is  said  to  have 
proceeded  from  Santorio,  Archbishop  of  Cosenza1,  reputed  there  a 
great  politique,  but  no  friend  to  those  prowling  Fathers,  whose  glories 
are  somewhat  clipped  by  subjecting  them  to  superior  censure,  who 
before  did  absolutely  dispose  of  their  own  nurselings. 

Here  we  are  preparing  very  royally  for  the  reception  and  entertain- 
ment of  the  Duchess  of  Mantova2,  who  together  with  the  Princess  of 
Guastalla  s,  intendeth  to  visit  this  town  at  the  feast  and  fair  of  the 
Ascension  ;  the  Duke,  her  husband,  having  been  here  some  days 
already  in  private  manner  as  her  harbinger,  who  at  her  arrival  will 
resume  his  state.  They  come  wTith  a  train  of  some  three  hundred, 
and  from  hence  will  pass  by  sea  to  Loreto,  as  it  were  compounding  a 
journey  of  pleasure  and  devotion.  What  inventions  we  shall  have 
to  delight  them  I  will  describe  in  due  time.  And  now  I  rest, 
Your  Lordship's  ever  faithful  poor  friend  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wottox. 

393.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

8,  P.  Ven.,  holograph.     The  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Mantua  in  Veni«. 
the  Valtelline. 

From  Venice,  9th  of  June,  1' 
Style  of  the  place. 
Right  Honourable, 

While  our  Prince  is  received  in  Spayne  with  all  honours  due  to 
so  noble  a  guest,  let  me  entertain  his  Majesty  with  the  fashion  of 

1  Paolo  Santori,  Archbishop  of  Cosenza  1017-24. 

2  Catherine,  daughter  of  Ferdinand  I  of  Tuscany,  manic].  HUT,  F«  nlinand 
Oonzaga,  Duke  of  Mantua. 

s  Vittoria,  daughter  of  Prince  Doria,  and  wife  of  Ferdinand  i"i..nz:iga,  Friinv 
of  Guastalla. 


270  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

this  Republic  in  a  like  though  less  occasion.  We  had  here  ten  days 
the  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Mantova,  Prince  and  Princess  of  Guastalla, 
with  a  train  of  as  many  as  three  great  houses  and  the  foresterie  of 
two  convents  could  harbour,  at  the  public  charge  of  some  1,500  crowns 
a  day  for  their  table.  The  Duke  himself  had  spent  some  while  with 
us  in  private  quality  as  a  mere  gentleman  of  Venice,1  giving  his  ball 
in  grand  council  with  their  usual  habit  on  his  back,  which  was  a 
popular  preparative.  When  he  returned  to  fetch  his  lady,  and 
resumed  his  state,  they  were  met  at  the  confines  with  six  young 
gentleman,  who  yet  had  been  all  Savii  del  Mare,  an  order  or  degree 
in  this  government  which  we  may  term  the  seminary  of  their 
ambassadors ;  and  so  these  were  now  qualified,  going  all  in  well 
garnished  barges  of  the  same  livery,  and  attended  with  as  many 
more  furnished  with  all  kind  of  provisions.  At  their  meeting,  they 
delivered  a  letter  of  credence  from  this  Duke  to  authorize  their 
compliment,  but  therein  no  more  than  the  title  of  Excellenza,  though 
afterwards,  in  the  personal  visits  and  revisits  that  passed  between 
them,  he  had  given  him  the  style  of  Altezza  ;  such  a  difference  they 
make  between  committing  a  small  matter  more  or  less  to  paper  or 
to  the  air.2  At  their  approaching,  they  were  attended  in  one  of  the 
nearer  islands  (having  been  first  well  feasted  at  Chioggia)  with  a 
great  troop  of  the  gravest  senators  to  second  the  former  reception, 
and  to  conduct  them  through  the  whole  length  of  the  Canal  Grande. 
I  may  pass  over  in  cumulo  their  journal 3  entertainments,  as  a  sight 
of  the  public  rarities,  a  solemn  dinner  in  the  Arsenal,  a  banquet  on 
a  gilded  galley  of  command,  a  regata  or  race  of  all  kinds  of  boats, 
with  forty  gentlemen  of  the  freest  spirits  and  ablest  purses,  appointed 
to  adorn  that  show  with  sundry  liveries  and  inventions,  and  lastly  a 

1  The  Duke  of  Mantua,  Sachetti  wrote,  remained  some  time  in  Venice  as 
a  private  gentleman,  without  an  official  reception,  because  he  demanded  that  he 
should  be  met  by  the  gilded  barges  (piatte  dorate)  used  for  the  reception  of 
sovereign  princes.  The  Republic  demurred  to  this,  and  long  negotiations 
ensued,  during  which  the  Duke  went  about  Venice  on  foot  or  in  a  gondola, 
dressed  in  Spanish  costume,  with  a  few  followers,  and  his  buffoon,  '  whose  jests 
were  so  dull  that  they  made  the  listeners  more  inclined  to  weep  than  to  laugh.' 
It  was  finally  arranged  that  the  Duke  should  be  met  by  one  gilded  barge,  and 
that  the  other  barges  should  be  covered  with  brocade.  Sachetti  describes  at 
length  the  reception  of  the  Duke  and  Duchess  at  the  island  of  S.  Spirito,and  all 
the  festivities  of  this  visit,  and  his  dispatches  are  full  of  the  splendour  of 
Venetian  fetes  as  we  see  it  in  Venetian  pictures,  gilded  barges,  liveries  of  crimson 
and  silver,  gondolas  covered  with  velvet  and  flowered  brocade,  and  music  on  the 
waters.     {Arch.  Med.  3009,  May  3,  6,  10,  13,  20,  &c.) 

2  This  difficulty  about  the  title  of  Altezza  was  arranged,  when  the  Doge 
formally  received  the  Duke  of  Mantua,  in  a  curious  and  characteristic  fashion. 
The  Doge  made  a  speech  of  welcome,  to  which  the  Duke  replied  ;  but  both  spoke 
in  such  low  voices  that  no  one  could  hear  them,  and  so  it  was  not  known 
whether  the  Duke  was  addressed  as  Altezza  or  Excellenza.  (Dispatch  of  Sachetti, 
May  27,  Arch.  Med.  3009.) 

3  '  Journal,'  i.  e.  daily.     Arch.     (N.  E.  D.) 


TO  SIR  GEORGE  CALVERT        271 

f.sfu  of  100  ladies,  all  in  new  gowns  as  rich  as  the  season  would  wattm \ 
It  shall  be  more  proper  for  me  to  report  what  disputes  have  fallen  out 
upon  the  present  occasion  ))etween  the  said  Duke  and  the  regal  repre- 
sentants,  comprehending  the  Nuncio,  of  whom  none  did  visit  him.  For 
the  State  sending  unto  him,  the  next  morning  after  his  arrival,  one 
of  their  principal  personages  both  in  merit  and  degree,  namely  the 
Pmciiratorc  Simone  Contareni,  to  give  him  the  welcome  in  his  own 
lodging,  the  Duke  both  received  and  dismissed  him  on  the  left  side  ; 
upon  which  example  we  took  the  alarm  to  provide  for  the  dignity  of 
our  masters,  and  the  Nuncio  did  first  sound  the  water,  informing 
himself  of  the  Duke's  meaning  to  yield  no  ambassador  whatsoever 
the  hand,  which  the  French  took  both  with  distaste  and  wonder, 
having  had  it  in  his  own  Court,  but  myself  with  much  more,  having 
had  it  here  from  the  Duke  Vicenzo,  his  father.  For  the  difference  of 
giving  it  at  home  and  denying  it  abroad  might  perhaps  admit  some 
reasonable  defence.  To  be  short  (for  I  am  tired  amongst  these 
niceties),  we  found  upon  farther  search  that  the  Baron  of  Eckenberg, 
when  he  was  sent  to  Mantova  by  the  Emperor,  to  desire  the  sister ■  of 
this  Duke,  would  by  no  means  during  his  ambassage  there  receive 
the  hand,  though  in  his  own  Court ;  which  the  said  Duke,  being  now 
honoured  with  that  great  alliance,  would  fain  pass  into  example  even 
abroad,  forgetting  the  due  distinction  between  the  representants  of 
princes  in  love,  and  of  princes  in  amity,  or  in  other  terms,  between 
visiting  and  wooing.  But  the  State  hath  revenged  our  cause.  For 
the  Duke  of  Mantova  had  neither  the  hand  of  this  Duke  in  the  palace 
nor  in  his  own  rooms.  And  so  I  will  end  this  short  description  of 
our  jollities  and  controversies. 

Of  the  Rhaetian  business  I  forbear  to  speak,  till  I  may  tell  some 
effects.  All  men  contemplate  what  will  become  of  the  Valtolina, 
and  we  are  yet  indeed  no  farther  than  contemplation.  The  Pope's 
airy  promise,  that  he  will  satisfy  the  two  crowns,  is  thought  here  fit 
food  for  chameleons.  And  yet  whether  the  French  King  will  press 
him  any  farther,  till  the  season  of  action  be  spent  for  this  year,  I 
find  even  his  own  ambassador  very  doubtful.  In  the  meanwhile 
advertisement  is  come  from  Milan  that  the  Duke  of  Feria  hath  order 
to  reserve  Chiavenna  out  of  the  depositation  ;  a  piece  of  such 
importance  as  were  enough,  if  this  point  prove  true,  to  resolve  all 
the  rest  into  a  plain  maschemda.     But  I  will  stay  for  the  noise  ot 

the  next  week. 

At  your  Honour's  command, 

Henry  Wotton. 

1  The  Emperor  Ferdinand  II  married  Eleanor  Gonzaga,  daughter  of  Vincenzo  I, 
Duke  of  Mantua.     Baron  of  Eggenberg,  on/e,  ii,  p.  192. 


272  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

394.     To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph,  extract.     Deaths  of  Gregory  XV  and  the  Prince 

of  Urbino. 

Venice.  £  July,  1623. 
Right  Honourable, 

At  length  the  Pope  is  gone.1  He  died  on  Saturday  last,  some 
two  hours  before  sunset,  of  a  fit  of  the  stone,  of  long  disappetency 2 
and  exhaustion,  of  unrest,  or  in  fewer  words,  of  age  ;  no  discontent- 
ment hastening  his  end,  for  never  man  left  his  house  in  more 
apparent  felicity,  having  within  two  years  and  little  more  drawn 
into  it  by  matches  the  entire  wealth  of  two  rich  names,  Aldobrandini 
and  Gieswaldi,  and  stretched  out  by  lingering  preservatives  his  own 
life,  till  he  saw  the  end  of  the  Cardinal  Montalto,  whereby  the  vice- 
chancellorship  of  Rome  was  open  for  his  spiritual  nephew.  Of  his 
decease  this  Republic  was  not  advertised  till  the  Wednesday  morning 
following,  whereby  the  courier  ran  some  hazard  of  the  strappado,  but 
he  excused  himself  con  mancamento  di  cavalcatura,  the  Cardinal 
Borghesi  having  employed  all  the  post-horses  to  every  quarter  for 
his  own  creatures,  and  in  particular  one  hither  to  the  Cardinal 
Priuli,  the  Duke's  son,  who  is  gone  in  all  haste ;  and  being  desirous 
to  take  with  him  one  of  his  brothers,  that  could  not  be  done  without 
a  special  license  balloted  in  the  Council  of  Ten,  which  I  have  touched 
by  the  way  to  show  the  jealousy  of  this  government.  .  .  . 

At  the  present  a  more  important  accident  of  a  like  nature  doth 
divert  my  pen,  namely  the  death  of  the  young  Prince  of  Urbin 3,  in 
the  nineteenth  year  and  sixth  month  of  his  age  ;  having  left  an  only 
daughter,  and  his  father,  the  Duke,  long  since  past  children ;  where- 
fore that  estate,  except  Monte  Feltre  (which  is  an  imperial  fealty),  is 
likely  (as  Ferrara  did)  to  fall  to  the  Roman  See,  and  so  the  popedom 
will  ad  uno  ad  uno  swallow  the  dukedoms.  Against  which  there  are 
but  two  hopes  remaining ;  the  one,  that  the  Princess  may  perhaps 
be  with  child,  and  so  yield  a  posthumous  heir  to  the  house  of 
Rovere ;  the  other,  that  some  ambitious  Pope  may  reinvest  one  of 
his  nephews  in  that  Dukedom,  and  so  again  disjoin  it  from  the 
Church.  To  which  he  will  find  peradventure  an  easier  consent 
among  all  the  Italian  Princes,  and  especially  with  this  Republic 
(who  think  Popes  too  great  already)  than  among  the  cardinals. 

The  public  grief  for  so  untimely  a  loss  of  this  young  Prince  is 
much  aggravated  by  the  manner  thereof,  having  been  found  dead  of 
an  apoplexy,  in  his  private  chamber,  at  a  late  hour  of  the  morning, 
occasioned  by  some  precedent  disorders,  into  which  he  was  drawn  by 

1  Gregory  XV  died  July  8,  1623. 

2  '  Disappetency/  i.  e.  want  of  appetite,  not  in  N.  E.  D. 

3  Federico  della  Rovere. 


TO  SIR  GEORGE  CALVERT        273 

the  love  of  a  baggage  commediante,  for  whose  sake  he  had  himself 
the  night  before,  till  near  morning,  acted  the  zany  and  other  j.u t  , 
which  the  Prince  of  Conde,  in  his  Italian  progress  did  authenticate 
for  a  princely  virtue.     And  so,  Sir,  I  humbly  rest, 

At  your  commands, 

111  NRY   WoTTON. 

Sir,  I  have  received,  together  with  your  last,  his  Majesty's 
gracious  letter  to  this  State,  which  I  am  sure  will  be  dearly  welcome. 
And  I  need  say  no  more. 

395.    To  Sir  Dudley  Carleton. 

S  /'.  Fen.,  holograph.  The  conclave  for  the  election  of  a  new  Pope.   Wotton's 

return  home. 

Venice,  the  ifth  of  July,  1623. 
My  very  good  Lord, 

It  is  now  ten  days  since  the  cardinals  have  been  enclosed  in  the 

conclave,  with  some  danger  that  the  Church  may  be  headless  a  good 

while,  and  no  small  doubt  that  the  matter  at  last  may  resolve  into 

a  schism,  through  the  extreme  professed  rancour  between  the  two 

great  conclavists,    Borghese  and   Ludovisio,   and  the  difficulty  of 

uniting  by  secret  scrutiny  (according  to  the  late  reformation)  so 

many  voices  as  must  concur  to  make  a  Pope ;   which  must  now 

be  near  forty,  especially  the  concurrents,  or  suggietti  papabili,  being 

more  than  have  ever  before,  or  very  seldom,  (been)  known  ;  in  some 

lists  seventeen,  in  other,  twenty-two.   So  as,  the  business  drawing  into 

length,  and  the  season  as  hot  as  the  affections  perchance,  the  point 

of  maintaining  or  reversing  the  reformatory  bulla  may  divide  the 

whole  College.     This  is  the  wisest  conjecture  that  I  can  take  up 

here  in  discourse.     Certain  it  is  that  Borghese,  at  his  entering  of 

the  conclave,  turning  to  a  prelate  of  his  confidence,  let  fall  this 

farewell:   A  Bio,  Monsignore,  said  he,  a  rivedcrci  al  Xatale.     And 

again    when  he  looked  upon  his  cell,   one  wishing  it  more  airy, 

sc  non   c  buona  (quoth   he)  per  la  state,  sard  buona  per  Vinverno: 

which,  though  they  were  but  pleasant  ejaculations,  yet  peradventure 

they  may  prove  oraculous. 

While  there  is  no  Pope,  and  consequently  no  peace,  the  eccle- 
siastical soldiers  disband  apace  in  the  Valetolina,  and  are  successively 
supplied  by  Spaniards ;  so  as  that  business  will  be  brought  back 
again  as  it  was  before  gratiosissimamente,  the  League  in  the  mean- 
while making  a  ridiculous  noise,  with  Mansfeld  as  their  instrument 
of  diversion,  when  the  principals  stand  still. 

I  have  been  of  late  abroad  to  seek  a  little  fresh  air ;  but  I  found 
no  more  ease  in  it  than  those  that  being  sea-sick,  shift  out  of  the 

WOTTON.    tl  T 


274  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

ship  into  the  cockboat.  So  as  now  I  am  meditating  on  a  stronger 
remedy,  preparing  myself  for  a  short  return  home  ;  whereof  I  have 
given  this  State  warning  already,  and  withal  I  did  present  them 
a  welcome  letter  from  the  King,  wherein  his  Majesty  doth  assure 
them  (against  all  unjust  imaginations,  wherewith  certain  idle 
censurers  of  princes'  actions  do  fill  the  air)  of  the  continuance  of 
his  constant  amity,  never  violated  on  his  part,  and  of  his  care  to 
maintain  the  common  interest  which  runneth  between  his  Majesty 
and  this  Republic,  and  with  the  confederates  of  both,  wheresoever 
he  shall  dispose  of  the  Prince  his  dear  son,  be  it  in  Spayne  or  else- 
where. This  was  the  substance  of  his  royal  letters.1  Before  I  go 
hence  I  shall  acquaint  your  Lordship  farther  with  my  course.  And 
wheresoever  I  shall  be,  there  is 

Your  faithful  poor  friend  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 
My  Lord,  It  would  be  against  a  great  many  of  duties  if  I  should 
leave  these  lagune  (where  I  have  been  towards  those  that  might 
most  command  my  pen  as  silent  as  the  very  fishes)  without  a  few 
lines  unto  her  Majesty ■ :  therefore  they  shall  come  with  the  next 
ordinary,  humbly  now  beseeching  your  Lordship  to  prepare  for  them 
a  gentle  passage  unto  her  most  sweet  and  gracious  hand. 

396.     To  Sir  Dudley  Carleton. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph.     A  mock  election  of  a  Pope  at  Rome  ;  diplomatic 

punctilios. 

Venice,  the  4th  of  August,  stil.  loci,  1623. 
My  very  good  Lord, 
As  yet  Papam  noti  habemus,  save  one  whom  the  palafrenkri  of 
the  cardinals  have  made  among  themselves,  while  their  masters  are 
shut  up  ;  whom  on  St.  James  his  day  they  chose  by  secret  scrutiny, 
according  to  the  reformation  of  Gregory  XV,  and  so  put  him  in 
a  seat,  and  after  they  had  carried  him  into  St.  Peter's  Church 
cantando  Te  Deum,  they  would  have  made  him  sit  (as  the  fashion 
is)  before  the  Sacrament  at  the  high  altar,  but  being  resisted  by 
the  sacristano,  they  carried  him  to  an  hostcria  and  there  made  him 
pay  the  schott 3  for  his  election,  in  imitation  of  the  donative,  which 
the  new  chosen  Popes  use  to  distribute  among  the  cardinals.     For 

1  The  King's  letter  was  dated  May  20,  and  was  presented  to  the  Doge  by 
Wotton  in  his  audience  of  July  19.  The  ambassador  made  a  speech  affirming 
the  friendship  of  James  for  Venice  (Esp.  Prin.,  July  19)  ;  but  the  speech  and 
letter,  Sachetti  wrote,  produced  little  effect  on  the  Venetians,  owing  to  their  poor 
opinion  of  James  I.     (Ante,  i,  p.  181.) 

3  The  Queen  of  Bohemia. 

3  '  Schott,'  i.e.  shot,  scot,  reckoning, 


TO   SIR  DUDLEY  CARLETOX  275 

which  piece  of  mirth,  though  perchance,  they  may  have  sour  sauce1, 
it  may  well  show  us  how  near  derision  those  things  are  at 
hand,  on  which  superstitious  conceits  do  bestow  veneration  afar 
off.  And  this  is  all  wherewith  I  will  entertain  your  Lordship 
this  week.  The  conclusion  of  your  last  hath  left  me  with  wonder, 
wherein  you  say  that  you  had  long  had  no  letters  from  me.  In 
truth,  my  Lord,  I  have  written  weekly,  save  when  I  was  taking 
some  fresh  air  abroad.  That  which  you  add  under  your  own  hand 
of  our  new  Venetian  ambassador  with  you,  I  have  read  not  without 
just  indignation :  reducing  to  my  memory  what  the  Duke  d'Angou- 
lesnie-  both  did  and  said  in  the  like  case  at  Vienna.  He  had 
visited  the  extraordinary  ambassador  of  Parma  (a  bishop  and 
a  contc)  before  the  Conde  d'Ognate,  but  the  ambassador  did  first 
revisit  the  Spaniard,  remitting  so  much  to  the  propinquity  in 
blood  between  the  King  of  Spayne  and  his  master.  Whereupon  the 
Duke,  concealing  his  passion,  appointed  him  an  hour  to  do  him 
the  like  honour,  and  gave  precise  order  to  his  gentlemen,  first  to 
let  him  descend  from  his  coach,  and  then  to  shut  the  gate  against 
him.  And  afterwards  speaking  with  me  of  this  passage,  and  flaming 
like  a  furnace,  he  said  (as  a  man  might  say  of  Signor  Morisini)  that 
his  master  might  have  done  well  to  teach  him  manners  with  a  rod 
before  he  sent  him  abroad.  By  the  next  courier  I  shall  tell  your 
Lordship  by  what  point  I  mean  to  pass  homewards.  And  so 
committing  you  to  God's  blessed  love,  I  ever  rest, 

Your  Lordship's  with  true  affection  to  serve  you. 

Henry  Wotton. 

If  your  new  Captain  of  the  League3  ever  do  any  good,  my 
prognostics  are  naught. 

397.    To  Sin  Dudley  Carletox. 

S  P.  Yen.,  holograph.     The  new  Pope,  Urban  VIII.     Illness  of  the  1' 

Venice,  x\  August,  1828. 
My  very  uood  Lord, 

We  have  at  last  a  new  Pope4,  after  many  scrutinies,  and 
♦  nclosure  of  the  cardinals  almost  three  weeks.  He  hath  assumed  the 
name  of   Urbanus   VIII,  out   of  an  affectionate  remembrance   (as 

1  '  Sour  sauce,'  of.  Fletcher's  Lover's  Progress,  iv,  3  : 

'Must  I  now 
Have  sour  aaaee,  altar  sweet  meats?' 
:  <>n<     .{'the  three  French  ambassadors  at  Vienna  in  HWO  (/<#•'■.  ii,  i>.  I'M  . 
J  Prince  Christian  of  Brunswick. 

1  Urban  VIII,  Maffeo  Barbarini,  elected  Aug.  <>,  died  1044.  Aj  bfl  WM  kM 
candidate  of  the  French  party,  and  opposed  to  Spain,  his  election  made  a  great 
change  in  the  political  condition  of  Italy. 

T  2 


276  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

some  say)  of  much  friendship  that  passed  between  him  and  the 
Cardinal  Fachinetti,  who  was  Urbanus  VII.  By  birth  a  Florentine, 
of  no  great  parentage.  His  own  name  is  Barbarini,  about  which  I 
cannot  omit  a  pleasant  note.  They  have  taken  a  belief  in  Rome  that 
Popes  must  have  an  R  in  their  names  alternatively,  uno  si, 
Valtro  no,  which  having  so  fallen  out  for  a  good  while  \  some  vacant 
wit  did  take  it  up  for  a  rule.  And  it  hath  gotten  such  credit  that 
Borghese,  before  his  entering  into  this  last  conclave,  would  needs 
consult  with  certain  astrologers  (who  as  your  Lordship  knows  abound 
in  that  Court)  whether  some  of  his  uncle's  creatures,  and  in  particular 
Gimnasio 2,  might  spuntare  at  this  time.  Now  Barbarini,  who  hath 
two  R's,  having  preceded  Ludovisio,  who  had  none,  will  mightily 
authorize  that  foolish  conceit  amongst  them,  and  put  Campori  (the 
darling  of  Borghese)  out  of  all  hope  for  the  next  time  likewise. 
Methinks  your  Lordship  should  read  this  with  a  smile,  to  see  them 
choose  Popes  as  we  do  oysters  at  home,  when  the  month  hath  an  R 
in  it.  But  to  return  to  some  more  serious  consideration  of  this  man. 
He  was  long  since  four  years  Nuncio  in  France,  and  got  his  cardinal- 
ship  by  commendation  of  Henry  IV  ;  so  as  the  French  have  an 
interest  in  his  fortune,  as  no  doubt  the  Spaniards  will  have  in  his 
person.  He  was  made  by  the  concurrence  as  well  of  Ludovisio  as 
Borghese,  not  as  the  most  confident  to  both  or  to  either,  but  as  the 
least  distrusted  by  Ludovisio  among  the  Borghesians,  having  been  a 
kind  of  retired  unmeddling  man.  A  good  humanist,  a  great  Canonist, 
and  one  of  the  best  poets  that  since  Nicolaus  V 3  hath  been  in  that 
chair :  so  as  his  times  are  likely  to  be  somewhat  elegant,  and  his 
humours  tractable;  and  yet  one  of  the  most  poetical  spirits  that 
we  have  amongst  these  gentlemen  here  is  the  harshest  man.4  He 
hath  three  nephews  and  two  brothers,  of  whom  he  is  likely  to 
dispose  before  he  think  of  the  Valtolina.  And  therefore  your 
Count  Mansfeldt  may  march  towards  Burgundy  at  leisure.  From 
hence  they  have  deputed  four  to  congratulate  with  him,  two 
Procurator},  Erizzo  and  Barbaro,  and  the  other  two  are  Saranzo  and 
Zen,  already  at  Rome.  But  here  we  are  suddenly  called  to  a  greater 
business.  For  yesternight  the  Duke,  after  some  few  days'  retirement 
upon  his  usual  indispositions,  was  surprised  with  so  sharp  a  catarrh 

1  Since  the  election  of  Paul  IV  (Caraffa)  in  1555.  When,  in  1655,  Fabio 
Chigi  (Alexander  VII)  succeeded  Innocent  X  (Giovanni  Pamphili)  this  series 
of  coincidences,  or  as  Wotton  considered  it  '  oyster '  system  of  electing  Popes, 
came  to  an  end,  after  lasting  exactly  100  years. 

2  Domenico  Ginnasi,  cardinal  1604,  d.  1639. 
■  Nicholas  V,  1417-55. 

4  Wotton  wrote  to  Calvert  in  the  same  words  of  the  new  Pope  in  a  letter 
of  this  date.  An  extract  from  this  letter  is  among  the  MSS.  of  All  Souls  College 
(ccxviii,  f.  95). 


TO   SIR   DUDLEY   CARLETON  277 

as  took  from  him  his  speech  ;  so  as  they  have  given  him  the  extreme 
unction,  and  his  physicians  yield  him  gone.  This  will  hold  me  here 
till  the  election  of  a  new,  and  give  me  occasion  to  entertain  your 
Lordship  a  week  or  two  more  with  the  state  of  our  hmt/lio,  when  the 
candidati  shall  appear.     And  for  the  present  I  rest, 

Your  Lordship's  ever  affectionately  to  serve  you, 

Hi  I ry  Wotton. 

398.    To  Sib  Gkoroe  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph.     Death  of  the  Doge,  Antonio  Priuli. 

Venice,  T7r  August,  1623. 
Right  Honourable, 

I  wrote  in  my  former  of  this  Duke's  infirmity,  and  now  of  his 

death.     He  was  assailed  on  Thursday  night  of  the  last  week  with  a 

violent  catarrh,  taking  from  him  suddenly  his  speech,  and  almost  his 

breath.     And  so  languishing  all  the  next  day  and  night,  on  Saturday 

morning  between  10  and   11  of  the  clock  after  this  reckoning,  he 

finished  five  years  and  three  months  of  his  Princedom,  and  75  years, 

3  months,  and  2  days  of  his  life,  with  as  open  and  as  universal  joy 

of  the  people  as  they  had  expressed  at  his  election  to  the  place.    For 

his  times  were  penurious  and  (as  I  remember  myself  to  have  written 

heretofore  unto  you)  the  common  man  in  this  town  hath  no  other 

marks  of  a  good  prince  but  big  loaves. 

At  first  there  did  appear  eight  competitors,  which  are  now  shrunk 
to  four.  Of  the  course  of  which  broglio  (as  we  here  call  it,  and  as 
by  the  intricateness  thereof  we  well  may)  I  shall  give  his  Majesty 
an  accompt  by  the  next  ordinary,  as  likewise  some  judgement  upon 
the  new  Pope's  beginnings,  and  with  that  I  intend  to  end  your 
trouble  per  unpezso,  and  to  make  haste  to  the  gracious  sight  of  my 
Sovereign,  being  almost  by  this  accident  cast  into  the  winter.1 

God  send  us  a  cheerful  meeting.     And  so  I  rest, 

At  your  Honour's  commands, 

Henry  Wotton. 

399.    To  James  I. 

S.  P.  Yen.,  holograph.     Election  of  the  new  Doge,  Francesco  Contarini. 

On  the  30th  of  August,  1623. 
Stilo  vetere. 
Most  Sacred  Sovereign, 

I  have  formerly  advertised  your  Majesty  of  the  death  of  Antonio 
Priuli,  late  Duke  of  Venice,  intervenient  between  the  delivery  of  your 

1  On  Aug.  25  Wotton  wrote  to  Carleton  :  '  I  languish  for  this  new  Duke,  that 
I  might  be  gone,  and  gain  Kent  before  the  winter.'     (S.  P.  Ven.) 


278  LETTERS   OF    WOTTON 

royal  letters  (which    were   the  last  he  did    publicly  read)  and  my 

leave-taking,  which  did  suspend  my  going  till  the  choice  of  a  new, 

and  hath  paid  my  patience  with  the  contentment  which  I  assure 

myself  your  Majesty  will  take  in  the  conclusion.     For  after  eighteen 

days  spent  without  effect,  sithence  the  forty-one  final  electors  (as  they 

term  them)  were  first  shut  up,  the  counsellors  of  State  and  others, 

which  in  the  meanwhile  do  represent  the  Signory,  being  pressed  with 

necessity  of  the  season  (for  in  this  month  of  September  the  whole 

Senate  and  Council  of  Ten  are  yearly  renewed,  for  which  the  time 

doth  scantily  serve,  even  when  there  is  nothing  else  to  be  done): 

I  say,  moved  with  this  urgent  consideration,  and  seeing  the  voices 

so  divided,  and  the  ambition  or  passion  between  the  concurrents  so 

strong  that  none  would  yield  unto  the  other,  they  resolved  to  intimate 

unto  them  that,  if  before  Saturday  next  at  night  a  Duke  were  not 

chosen,  on  Sunday  they  would  call  a  Grand  Council,  and  by  the 

power  thereof  dissolving  the  authority  of  these  forty-one  who  had 

been  chosen,  they  would  proceed  to  a  new  election.     This  intimation 

and  the  foresaid  necessity  of  the  time  hath  ended  the  business,  not 

by  any  reconcilement  between  the  three  competitors,  Barbaro,  Nani, 

and  Nicolo  Contareni  (whose  friends  remained  constant  to  them,  and 

they  constant  to  their   own   affections),  but  they  have  agreed  in 

a  fourth,  who  would   neither  concur  now  nor  heretofore  at  other 

vacancies  ;  namely,  in  the  person  of  Francesco  Contareni 1,  commonly 

surnamed  Porta  di  Ferro,  a  gentleman   of  singular  integrity,  and 

besides  many  other  public  employments,  particularly  signalized  with 

his  extraordinary  ambassadge  to  Paulus  V  in  time  of  the  Interdict, 

and  not  long  after  with  another  to  your  Majesty,  of  whom  he  hath 

ever  since  spoken  with  much  reverence  and  devotion  ;  so  as  I  shal 

boldly  tell  him  without  commission  that  your  Majesty  will  receive 

great  contentment  at  the  news  of  his  promotion,  which  was  concludec 

yesternight  two  hours  after  sunset.     Of  the  whole  election,  which 

hath  yielded  some  observations  of  moment,  I  shall  bring  your  Majesty 

mine  own  private  commentary  ;  and  I  purpose  to  pass  through  th< 

Grisons  (though  that  way  be  none  of  the  safest),  that  in  transiti 

I  may  likewise  gather  for  your  Majesty's  information  some  bettei 

judgement  upon  those  affairs ;  commending  in  the  meanwhile,  anc 

ever,  to  God's  dearest  love  and  protection  your  sacred  person  an< 

estates,  and  humbly  resting, 

Your  Majesty's  most  faithful  vassal  and  long  devoted  servant. 

Henry  Wotton. 

1  Francesco  Contarini,  Doge  XCV,  elected  Sept.  8,  1623,  and  died  on  Sept.  12 
1624,  special  ambassador  to  England  in  1610  {ante,  i,  p.  106). 


TO  SIR  GEORGE  CALVERT 

400.    To  Sm  George  Calvikt. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph.    Wotton's  leave-taking. 

Venice,  this  23d  of  September,  1623. 
Style  of  the  place. 

Right  Honourable, 
I  am  now  near  the  point  of  my  departure  homewards,  from  my 
third  employment  with  this  Republic,  which  in  what  state  I  leave  it 
and  the  rest  of  Italie  shall  be  represented  unto  his  Majesty  in  a  par- 
ticular discourse.  At  my  last  compliments1  with  the  new  Duke 
Francesco  Contareni,  I  told  him  that  I  durst  anticipatively  assure 
him  of  most  singular  contentment  which  his  Majesty  would  take 
when  he  should  hear  of  his  promotion.  And  he  answered  with 
much  asseveration  and  gravity,  that  having  been  raised  to  the  place 
by  the  mere  goodwill  of  others,  without  any  ground  of  merit  on  his 
own  part,  he  was  thereby  the  more  bound  to  study  now  the  service 
of  his  country,  which  he  thought  to  consist  in  nothing  more  than  in 
the  maintenance  of  all  due  correspondence  with  such  princes  as  were 
their  friends,  and  most  especially  with  his  Majesty,  of  whose  wisdom 
and  splendour  and  royal  integrity,  and  all  virtues  belonging  to  a  good 
and  great  king,  he  had  himself  been  a  particular  witness  when  time 
was,  unto  the  Senate  here,  and  had  ever  retained  a  reverent  impres- 
sion thereof  in  his  own  memory,  since  he  first  returned  from  his 
Court  with  many  marks  of  his  bounty.  This  was  his  speech  as  far 
as  I  could  bear  it  away,  almost  word  for  word,  and  uttered  so  seriously 
that  he  seemed  to  fetch  it  out  of  his  bowels. 

Here  I  leave  till  mine  own  return  again  (for  I  am  confident  in  his 
Majesty's  goodness,  that  till  I  have  some  means  to  live  at  home  he 
will  tolerate  my  weakness  abroad),  here  I  say  I  leave  Mr.  Michael 
Braynthwayte 2  to  supply  the  service  for  his  approved  honesty  and 
discretion,  besides  a  great  deal  more  learning  than  he  will  need 
among  these  senators,  unless  I  mistake  them.  And  I  have  already 
to  the  same  purpose  presented  him  here  to  the  Prince  at  my  leave- 
taking,  with  due  testimony  of  his  good  birth,  and  of  his  well-affected 
mind  to  this  State,  which  is  a  point  that  they  use  to  search  to  the 
quick  in  all  ambassadors  and  agents.  And  having  now  no  more  to 
say  (for  the  Rhetian  business  and  the  League   depending  thereon 

1  On  Sept.  13,  see  ante,  i,  p.  192. 

3  Michael  Branthwaite  remained  as  English  agent  in  Venice  from  0.  t 
to  Dec.  1624  when  Sir  Isaac  Wake  arrived,  and  lii-    li-pat.h.-  and  Utters  for 
this  period  are  in  the  Record  Office.     His  salary  was  thirty  shillings  a  day. 
(R.  0.  Sig.  Man.,  xxi,  p.  62.) 


280  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

which  made  so  full  a  cry  is,  methinks,  at  a  squat '),  I  will  commit 
you,  Sir,  to  God's  blessed  love,  and  ever  rest, 

At  your  commands, 

Henry  Wotton. 

This  new  Duke  begins  bountifully,  having  on  Sunday  next  invited 
all  his  electors  and  the  principal  of  his  own  kindred  to  a  sumptuous 
dinner  in  the  palace,  and  afterwards  to  a  feast  (as  they  here  call  it)  of 
150  ladies  that  will  dance  away  that  day,  and  so  end  in  a  banquet. 


401.    To  Sir  George  Calvert. 

S.  P.  Ven.,  holograph .     Wotton's  arrival  at  Cologne  ;  the  printer  Flavius. 

From  Colen,  this  5th  of  November,  1623. 
Style  of  England. 
Sir, 

After  a  miserable  passage  over  the  Alpes2,  and  no  very  pleasant 
down  the  Ehene,  I  am  come  as  far  as  Colonia  :  whence  I  send  before 
me  this  and  another  servant  with  my  stuff  by  water,  while  myself 
am  forced  to  refresh  my  provision  at  Antwerp,  whither  I  have  some 
address  by  exchange.  For  I  have  found  on  the  way  the  treatment 
in  inns  raised  beyond  all  expectation  and  example  ;  in  the  most 
places  an  Hungarian  ducat 3  for  a  man's  meal,  and  you  are  welcome. 
Now  by  this  opportunity  of  mine  own  messenger  I  have  occasion  to 
represent  unto  his  Majesty  a  little  piece  of  service.  I  have  here  met 
with  Monsieur  Bilderbeck,  agent  for  the  States,  a  well-affected  and 
well-intelligenced  man.  Among  other  discourse  he  fell  with  me  to 
talk  of  Flavius,  who  printed  long  since  that  filthy  false  libel  de 
Corona  Begia :  about  which  I  had  been  heretofore  employed  in  my 
passage  this  way.4  To  retrench  impertinencies,  I  find  thus  much 
clearly  discovered  by  this  Bilderbeck,  and  as  it  should  seem  but 
lately,  that  Puteanus  did  correct  the  print  at  the  first,  setting  by 
certain  marginal  notes  under  his  own  hand,  well  known  to  one  that 
did  manage  the  press.  But  whether  that  be  sufficient  to  conclude  him 
to  have  been  the  author  (as  the  said  Bilderbeck  would  infer)  I  dare 
not  determine,  inclining  rather  (as  I  must  confess)  in  mine  own  poor 
conceit  to  think  that  Puteanus  was  chosen  here  and  there  to  amend 
the  style  with  some  of  his  grammatical  elegancies,  and  that  in  the 
end  there  will  be  found  some  other  author,  who  is  yet  the  son  of 

1  'At  a  squat,'  cf.  Pope,  Moral  Essays,  i,  55,  56  : 

'And  ev'ry  child  hates  .Shylock,  tho'  his  soul 
Still  sits  at  squat,  and  peeps  not  from  his  hole.' 

2  Wotton  left  Venice  on  Oct.  C,  and  crossed  the  Alps  by  the  Spliigen  Pass. 

3  About  Is.  9d. 

4  In  1616  (ante,  ii,  p.  92). 


TO   SIR   GEORGE   CALVERT  281 

darkness.  For  the  detection  whereof  I  have  projected  a  course  wh id. 
Monsieur  Bilderbeck  doth  think  will  sound  the  bottom.  The  fore- 
said Flavius  is  at  this  present  not  far  hence  at  Confluentia1,  where 
the  Rhene  and  Mosella  do  meet.  There  he  exerciseth  his  art  of 
printing  certain  pamphlets  wherewith  the  Jesuits  do  feed  him  ;  but 
he  is  extreme  poor,  and  kept  in  fear.  Hither  he  starteth  divers 
times  to  one  Hyrat,  a  great  stationer,  who  sometimes  was  hk  master. 
Now  the  means  that  I  have  propounded  is  this,  that  his  Majesty 
(if  the  matter  be  any  longer  worthy  of  his  thoughts)  will  be  pleased 
to  send  hither  a  pardon  in  Latin,  under  his  royal  hand  and  seal,  for 
the  said  Flavius,  containing  likewise  some  promise  of  maintenance, 
and  withal  a  commission  to  the  foresaid  Bilderbeck  to  deal  expressly 
with  him  in  his  Majesty's  name,  who  doth  promise  to  pursue  this 
business  very  closely  and  carefully,  and  conceiveth  much  hope  of  the 
effect,  because  the  fellow  doth  live  in  continual  need  and  horror. 

In  all  event,  if  my  Lord  of  Chichester 2  shall  be  re-employed  into 
these  parts,  and  particularly  to  this  town,  I  should  think  it  no  hard 
matter  to  snatch  up  this  Flavius,  and  to  convey  him  against  his  will 
in  a  covered  boat  down  the  Rhene  to  the  confines  of  the  States,  and 
so  into  England,  or  at  least  with  his  own  will,  though  in  that  manner 
which  may  have  some  appearance  of  violence  for  his  excuse.3 

This  is  the  subject  of  my  present  writing,  wherein  having  dis- 
charged my  humble  zeal,  I  must  submit  the  rest  to  his  Majesty's 
higher  judgement. 

In  Basil  the  Senate  there,  at  my  request,  did  instruct  me  out  of 
their  original  memorials  in  all  the  inwardest  passages  of  the  Rhetian 
business  by  their  Chancellor,  and  another  who  had  been  employed 
sundry  times  therein.  About  which  I  have  taken  some  notes, 
which  I  shall  present  in  due  time  to  his  Majesty,  whom  I  hope  to 
find  with  that  health  which  his  devoted  servants  do  continually  beg 
from  heaven.  And  so,  Sir,  with  my  best  wishes  likewise  unto  your- 
self, I  ever  rest, 

At  your  command, 

Henry  Wotton. 

1  Coblentz. 

2  Sir  Arthur  Chichester  (1563-1625),  Lord  Chichester  (1618),  was  sent  to 
tli.  Palatinate  in  1622,  to  take  money  to  the  King  of  Bohemia,  and  to  negotiate 
for  peace.     (T).  N.B.) 

3  '  Of  this  we  have  a  pattern  committed  by  the  House  of  Austria  in  the  person 
of  the  Baron  of  Typenbach,  who  was  violently  carried  from  the  Baths  of  Helvetia 
int..  Tirole.'     Note  of  Wotton's  in  margin. 


282  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


402.    To  the  Duke  of  Buckingham. 

Karl.  MS.  1581,  f.  216,  holograph.  Wotton's  journey  to  Cologne ;  con- 
gratulations to  Buckingham  on  his  new  honours,  and  his  return  from 
Spain. 

(Cologne,)  this  5th  of  November,  1623. 
Style  of  England. 
May  it  please  your  Grace, 

After  a  miserable  passage  over  the  Alpes,  and  no  very  pleasant 
down  the  Rhene,  I  am  come  as  far  as  Colen,  whence  I  send  before 
me  this  my  servant  by  water,  while  myself  am  forced  to  refresh  my 
provision  at  Antwerpe ;  being  exhausted  on  the  way  with  extreme 
prices  of  everything  beyond  all  expectation  or  example,  insomuch  as 
I  am  almost  quite  out  of  hope  to  find  Conscience  any  more,  since 
there  is  none  among  the  very  hills  and  deserts,  whither  I  thought  she 
had  been  retired. 

Now,  by  the  opportunity  of  mine  own  messenger,  I  have  advantage 
to  salute  your  Grace  with  a  few  perambulatory  lines,  and  to  congratu- 
late with  you,  in  the  true  and  bounden  zeal  of  my  heart,  both  for 
your  honours  received  from  home  while  you  were  abroad,1  and  for 
your  return  again  to  the  gracious  and  never -failing  fountain  thereof ; 
humbly  beseeching  your  Grace,  among  the  acclamations  and  joys  of 
your  servants,  to  give  me  leave  to  express  mine,  with  a  poor  present 
in  matter  of  art  which  I  have  gleaned  on  the  way — I  hope  not  alto- 
gether unworthy,  for  the  kind  of  handling2,  of  some  little  corner 
among  your  nobler  delights. 

And  so  I  ever  rest, 
Your  Grace  his  most  faithful  and  most  obliged  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 


403.    To  Lord  Zouche. 

S.  P.  Dom.  James  /.,  cliv,  No.  80,  holograph.     Wotton  on  his  arrival  at  Sand- 
wich writes  to  Lord  Zouche,  at  Dover  Castle,  of  his  journey  from  Italy. 

From  Sandwich,  this  25th  of  November,  1623. 

My  ever  honoured  and  ever  most  dear  Lord, 

Though  I  am  fresh  from  the  sea  and  my  brains  out  of  tune  yet 

because  my  heart  is  sound,  I  will  tender  it  unto  your  Lordship  as 

that  which  you  have  long  possessed.     It  is  in  truth  your  own,  and  all 

the  best  affections  that  it  can  conceive.     Gladder  I  should  have  been 

to  have  done  this  duty  in  person,8  and  withal  to  have  offered  unto 

1  Buckingham  was  created  a  Duke  on  May  18,  1623. 
3  'Handling,'  i.e.  artistic  treatment. 
3  At  Dover  ;  Lord  Zouche  was  Warden  of  the  Cinque  Ports,  and  resided  at 
Dover  Castle. 


TO   LORD   ZOUCHE  vs.", 

your  most  noble  Lady1  the  humble  devotion  of  a  poor  and,  I  think, 
an  eternal  traveller.  But  the  master  of  the  ship  seems  to  have  had 
more  fancy  to  land  me  in  the  harbour  of  his  own  town. 

My  journey  from  Italie  may  be  resolved  into  a  riddle.  For  we 
have  been  long  on  the  way  that  we  might  be  the  sooner  at  home ; 
having  been  forced  to  take  some  very  indirect  lines  for  the  avoiding 
of  freebooters  and  straggling  parties,  and  I  am  overspent  with  it, 
both  in  my  spirits  and  in  my  purse,  having  found  everywhere  the 
price  of  things  raised  beyond  all  expectation  and  example ;  so  I  am 
almost  quite  out  of  hope  to  find  Conscience  any  more,  since  there  is 
none  among  the  very  rocks  and  mountains  whither  I  thought  she 
had  been  retired. 

I  have  seen  no  novelty  on  the  way  fit  to  entertain  your  Lordship 
withal,  save  the  English  Jesuitesses  at  Liege,2  who,  by  St.  Paule's 
leave,  mean  to  have  their  share  in  Church  service,  as  well  as  in 
needlework. 

Fain  I  would  make  your  Lordship  and  myself  merry  if  I  knew 
how ;  but  indeed  the  consideration  of  things  abroad  as  they  stand  is 
nearer  infelicity  than  sport.  God  bless  His  own  cause  and  business 
and  keep  your  Lordship  in  His  particular  love, 

To  whom  I  most  humbly  remain  a  long  devoted  poor  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

My  Lord,  this  bearer  doth  speak  so  much  honour  of  your  name,  as 
I  was  therefore  the  gladder  to  pass  mine  own  duty  through  his 
hands. 

404.    To  the  Duke  of  Buckingham. 

Bart.  MS.  1581,  f.  224,  holograph,  Beliq.,  2nd  ed.,  p.  482,  3rd  ed.,  p.  320; 
Cabala  (1654),  i,  p.  196;  undated,  but  written  after  hearing  that 
Sir  Isaac  Wake  had  been  appointed  ambassador  to  Venice  (see  note, 

P'  284)*  (January,  1624?) 

May  it  please  your  Grace, 

Having  some  days  by  sickness  been  deprived  of  the  comfort  of 
your  sight,  who  did  me  so  much  honour  at  my  last  access,  I  am 
bold  to  make  these  poor  lines  happier  than  myself;  and  withal, 
to  represent  unto  your  Grace  (whose  noble  patronage  is  my  refuge, 
when  I  find  any  occasion  to  bewail  mine  own  fortune)  a  thing  which 
seemeth  strange  unto  me.  I  am  told  (I  know  not  how  truly)  that 
his   Majesty   hath    already   disposed    the    Venetian    ambassage    to 

1  Lord  Zouche's  second  wife,  Sarah,  daughter  of  Sir  James  Harinston  of 
Ex  ton. 

a  Mary  Ward's  order  (ante,  i,  p.  445),  a  subordinate  community  ot  whi.-h  was 
established  at  Liege  in  1617. 


284  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

Sir  Isaake  Wake1,  from  whose  sufficiency  if  I  should  detract,  it 
would  be  but  an  argument  of  my  own  weakness.  But  that  which 
herein  doth  touch  me,  I  am  loth  to  say  in  point  of  reputation, 
surely  much  in  my  livelihood  (as  lawyers  speak)  is,  that  thereby,  after 
seventeen  years  of  foreign  service  in  continual  employment,  either 
ordinary  or  extraordinary,  I  am  left  utterly  destitute  of  all  possibility 
to  subsist  at  home  ;  much  like  those  seal-fishes,  which  sometimes, 
as  they  say,  oversleeping  themselves  in  an  ebbing-water,  feel  nothing 
about  them  but  a  dry  shore  when  they  awake.  Which  comparison 
I  am  fain  to  seek  among  those  creatures,  not  knowing  among  men 
that  have  so  long  served  so  gracious  a  master,  any  one  to  whom 
I  may  resemble  my  unfortunate  bareness. 

Good  my  Lord,  as  your  Grace  hath  vouchsafed  me  some  part  of 
your  love,  so  make  me  worthy  in  this,  of  some  part  of  your  care  and 
compassion.     So  I  humbly  rest, 

Your  Grace  his  for  ever  devoted  and  most  faithful  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

405.    To  Charles,  Prince  of  Wales. 

Elements  of  Architecture,  British  Museum,  C.  45,  c.  6,  holograph  on  fly-leaf. 
Printed  in  edition  of  1904.  No  date,  but  written  on  the  publication  of 
the  book,  which  was  about  the  beginning  of  April  (ante,  i,  p.  199). 

(April?  1624.) 

May  it  please  your  Highness, 

I  fear  I  shall  much  surprise  your  Highness  with  a  pamphlet  of 
this  subject  under  my  poor  name,  which  I  undertook  since  my  return, 
for  some  diversion  of  my  mind  from  my  infirmity,  which  I  was 
troubled  with,  a  miserable  stopping  in  my  breast,  and  defluxion 
from  my  head. 

It  was  printed  sheet  by  sheet,  as  fast  as  it  was  born,  and  it  was 
born  as  soon  as  it  was  conceived ;  so  as  it  must  needs  have  the 
imperfections  and  deformities  of  an  immature  birth,  besides  the 
weakness  of  the  parent.  And  therefore  I  durst  not  allow  it  so 
much  favour,  even  from  myself,  as  to  think  it  worthy  of  any 
dedication  ;  yet  as  I  have  presented  the  first  copy  thereof  to  the 
King,  so  is  the  second  due  to  your  Highness.  And  the  rather, 
because  you  have  taken  a  view  of  foreign  structure,  and  have  made 
yourself,  besides  your  civil  observations,  a  good  judge  of  arts.  But 
that  which  particularly  doth  make  me  bold  to  entertain  you  there- 

1  Sir  Isaac  Wake  (ante,  i,  p.  501).  Chamberlain  mentions  his  appointment 
as  ambassador  to  Venice  in  a  letter  of  Jan.  17,  1624.  (Cal.  S.  P.  Dom.,  1623-5, 
p.  150.)  His  credentials  were  dated  March  31,  1624.  (Cal.  S.  P.  Ven.,  i,  p.  cxlvii.) 
For  his  journey,  see  ante,  i,  p.  48  n.  He  arrived  in  Venice  on  Dec.  16,  1624. 
(S.  P.  Ven.,  Dec.  20.) 


TO  CHARLES,   PRINCE  OF   WALK  880 

with,  is  that  I  have  noted  in  your  gracious  eyes  some  favourable 
Nipeci  towards  me,  whereby  I  stand  in  hope  from  your  Highness 
of  (lie  more  indulgent  censure  of  my  little  pains.     And  so  I  rest, 
Your  Highness  hii  true  devoted  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

406.     To  the  Eakl  of  Mipdlkskx. 

./.  Hannah,  p.  xv,  'The  original  is  in  Mr.  Pickering's  possession;  but  the 
signature  has  been  cut  away  by  the  binder'  (note  by  Hannah).  Wotton 
sends  the  Lord  Treasurer,  the  Earl  of  Middlesex,  a  copy  of  the  Elements 
of  Architecture.1 

(April?  1624.) 
My  Lord, 

I  humbly  present  unto  your  Lordship  this  pamphlet,  printed 
sheet  by  sheet  as  fast  as  it  was  born,  and  born  as  soon  as  it  was 
conceived ;  so  as  it  must  needs  have  the  imperfections  and  deformities 
of  an  immature  birth,  besides  the  weakness  of  the  parent.  And 
therefore  I  could  not  allow  it  so  much  favour,  even  from  myself,  as 
to  think  it  worthy  of  dedication  to  any.  Yet  my  long  devotion 
towards  your  Lordship,  and  your  own  noble  love  of  this  art  which 
I  handle,  do  warrant  me  to  entertain  you  with  a  copy  thereof. 
And  so  I  rest, 

Your  Lordship's  ever  devoted  servant. 

407.    To  Nicolas  Pey. 

Beliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  510,  3rd  ed.,  p.  359.  Undated,  but  written,  Isaak  Walton 
says,  just  before  Wotton's  installation  at  Eton  (Walton's  Life).  I  place 
it  here  on  Walton's  authority,  although  several  of  the  phrases  in  thi- 
letter  occur  in  a  letter  of  July,  1639  (see  below,  p.  409). 

(July,  1624?) 
My  dear  Nic, 

More  than  a  voluntary  motion  doth  now  carry  me  towards 
Suffolk,  especially  that  I  may  confer  by  the  way  with  an  excellent 
physician  at  B.2,  whom  I  brought  myself  from  Venice,  where  (as 
either  I  suppose  or  surmise)  I  first  contracted  my  infirmity  of  the 
spleen,  to  which  the  very  seat  is  generally  inclined,  and  therefore 
their  physicians  (who  commonly  study  the  inclinations  of  places)  are 
the  likeliest  to  understand  the  best  remedies. 

I  hope  to  be  back  by . 

It  wrinkles  my  face  to  tell  you,  that  my  (settlement  at  Eton(?)> 

1  Another  copy  of  this  book,  presented  to  Archbishop  Abbot,  is  preserv.  d  m 
the  library  of  Lambeth  Palace, inscribed,  'To  the  Most  Reverend  Father  h 
the  Archbishop  of  Ganterburie,  etc.,  I  humbly  present  this  poor  pamphlet,  with 
the  author's  long  and  true  devotion.     Henry  Wotton.' 

3  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  where  Dr.  Despotine  {ante,  i,  p.  500:  was  living. 


^86  LETTERS   OF    WOTTON 

will  cost  me  £500.  That  done,  my  thoughts  are  at  rest,  and  over 
my  study  door  you  shall  find  written,  Invidiae  Reme  Hum.  Let  me 
end  in  that  word,  and  ever  rest, 

Your  heartiest  poor  friend, 

H.  Wotton. 

Postscript.  I  forbear  to  write  further,  having  a  world  of  discourse 
to  unload  unto  you,  like  those  that  weed  not  a  garden  till  it  be 
grown  a  wood. 

408.     To  Sir  Albertus  Morton. 

Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  544.     No  address,  but  plainly  to  Morton.    Dated  Tuesday, 
1624,  and  probably  written  about  December  (see  note  3).      Wotton 
forwards  a  letter  to  Buckingham,  and  sends  architectural  plans. 
S.  P.  This  Tuesday  morning  (December  ?>  1624. 

I  send  you  both  the  inclosed,  unclosed,  and  my  seal  withal,  that 
when  you  have  perused  them,  you  may  seal  them ;  for  because  they 
contain  a  recommendation  of  yourself,  it  were  somewhat  incongruous 
to  present  them  open. 

You  had  yesterday  received  them,  but  that  I  suspended  my  hand 
too  long  in  expectation  of  James ! ;  about  whom  we  are  yet  in  much 
doubt  of  some  misadventure  by  his  stay.  You  see  that  in  the  post- 
script to  the  Duke,  I  mention  the  design  of  Caprarola  2,  which  I  have 
left  out  of  his  letter,  that  you  may  not  come  unto  him  with  empty 
hands. 

It  shall  be  fit  for  yourself  to  offer  him  your  service  abroad ; 3 
which  I  have  (as  you  see)  offered  the  Prince  through  Mr.  Thomas 
Carie's 4  hands,  who,  I  hope,  will  let  his  Highness  see  my  letter. 

And  so,  languishing  to  hear  somewhat  from  my  nephew,  with  all 
my  duties  remembered  to  all,  I  rest, 

Your  ever  true  friend, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Upon  the  design  you  must  play  the  mountebank.  And  tell  the 
Duke,  that  the  one  paper  containeth  the  plant  or  ground-lines,  the 

1  James  Vary. 

a  Caprarola,  the  Farnese  villa  between  Viterbo  and  Rome,  built  by  Giacomo 
Barozzio  da  Vignola  (1507-73). 

3  On  Feb.  9,  1625  Morton  was  appointed  Secretary  of  State  in  succession  to 
Sir  George  Calvert.  He  accompanied  Buckingham  to  Paris  in  May,  and  was 
sent  on  a  mission  to  the  Hague  in  June.     (Gardiner,  v,  pp.  310,  330,  335.) 

4  Thomas  Carey,  one  of  the  grooms  of  the  Bedchamber  to  Charles,  Prince  of 
Wales,  and  son  of  Robert  Carey,  created  Lord  Leppington,  1622,  Earl  of 
Monmouth,  1626.  (D.  N.  B.)  On  Nov.  10,  1624,  the  treaty  for  the  marriage 
of  the  Prince  of  Wales  and  Henrietta  Maria  was  signed  :  on  Dec.  4  Chamberlain 
writes  to  Carleton,  '  Tom  Carey  is  sent  to  France,  with  a  love-letter  and  a  jewel 
for  the  bride.'     (Cal  S.  P.  Dom.;  1623-5,  p.  400.) 


TO   SIR  ALBERT!  s    MORTON  i>87 

other,  the  reared  work,  in  perspective  with  all  the  dimensions  so 
exactly,  as  if  it  please  him,  he  may  easily  have  a  model  made  thereof 
in  pasteboard. 

If  Mr.  Thomas  Cary  should  by  chance  have  been  sent  away  again 
into  France,  then  deliver,  with  my  humble  service,  the  letter  to  my 
Lord  of  Lepington  his  father,  and  beseech  him  to  show  it  to  the 
Prince. 

409.    To  the  Duke  of  Buckingham. 

Hurl.  MS.  1581,  f.  212,  holograph,  Reliq.,  2nd  ed.,  p.  487,  3rd  cd.,  p.  331  ; 
Cabala  (1654),  i,  p.  197.  Undated.  (For  conjectural  date  see  note  1.) 
Wotton  thanks  Buckingham  for  some  preferment,  possibly  the  Provost- 
ship  of  Eton. 

(Dec.  1624  ?l> 
My  most  noble  Lord, 

When  like  that  impotent  man  in  the  Gospel,  I  had  lain  long  by 

the  pool's  side,  while  many  were  healed,  and  none  would  throw  me 

in,  it  pleased  your  Lordship  first  of  all  to  pity  my  infirmities,  and 

to  put  me  into  some  hope  of  subsisting  hereafter.     Therefore  I  must 

humbly  and  justly  acknowledge  all  my  ability,  and  reputation  from 

your  favour.     You  have  given  me  encouragement,  you  have  valued 

my  poor  endeavours  with  the  King,  you  have  redeemed  me  from 

ridiculousness,  who  had  served  so  long  without  any  mark  of  favour. 

By  which  arguments  being  already  and  ever  bound   to  yours,  till 

either  life  or  honesty  shall  leave  me,  I  am  the  bolder  to  beseech 

your  Lordship  to  perfect  your  own  work,  and  to  draw  his  Majesty 

to  some  settling  of  those  things  that  depend  between  Sir  Julius 

Cesar-  and  me,  in  that  reasonable   form  which  I  humbly  present 

unto   your   Lordship   by  this   my  nephew,   likewise   your   obliged 

servant,    being  myself,    by   a  late    indisposition,    confined   to    my 

chamber,  but  in  all  estates  such  as  I  am. 

Your  Lordship's, 

Henry  Wottox. 

1  The  date  of  this  letter  is  difficult ;  it  is  addressed  •  To.  . .  my  singular  good 
Lord,  the  Earl  of  Buckingham,  Lord  High  Admiral  of  England',  and  as 
Buckingham  was  created  an  Earl  on  Jan.  5,  1617,  and  a  Marquis  on  Jan.  1, 
1618,  it  would  appear  by  the  address  to  belong  to  the  year  1617.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  last  sentence  seems  toshow  that  it  was  written  in  England,  and  probably 
London,  and  Wotton  was  in  Italy  all  of  the  year  1617.  On  the  whole  I  am 
inclined  to  believe  that  this  is  the  letter  mentioned  in  the  above  letter  to 
Albertus  Morton,  and  that  the  address  is  a  slip  of  the  pen. 

3  In  regard  to  Wot  ton's  former  reversion  to  the  Mastership  of  the  Kolls. 


288  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


410.    To  Nicolas  Pey. 


Beliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  506,  2nd  ed.,  p,  462.  No  date.  Dated  '  1626  '  in  3rd  ed., 
p.  321,  which  is  a  mistake,  as  the  letter  was  written  shortly  after  the 
death  of  Sir  Albertus  Morton  (see  note  4).  Wotton  at  Oxford  and 
Redgrave ;  death  of  Morton. 

(Redgrave,  September  ?  1625.) 

My  dear  Nic.  Pey, 

This  is  the  account  of  me  since  you  saw  me  last. 

My  going  to  Oxford  was  not  merely  for  shift  of  air,  otherwise 
I  should  approve  your  counsel  to  prefer  Boughton  before  any  other 
part  whatsoever ;  that  air  best  agreeing  with  me,  and  being  a  kind 
of  resolving  me  into  my  own  beginnings,  for  there  was  I  born. 

But  I  have  a  little  ambitious  vanity  stirring  in  me,  to  print 
a  thing  of  my  composition  there :  which  would  else  in  London  run 
through  too  much  noise  beforehand,  by  reason  of  the  licences  that 
must  be  gotten,  and  an  eternal  trick  in  those  city  stationers,  to 
rumour  what  they  have  under  press.1 

From  Oxford  I  was  rapt  by  my  nephew,  Sir  Edmund  Bacon, 
to  Redgrave,  and  by  himself,  and  by  my  sweet  niece,  detained  ever 
since :  so  I  say,  for  believe  me,  there  is  in  their  conversations,  and 
in  the  freedom  of  their  entertainment,  a  kind  of  delightful  violence. 

In  our  way  hither  we  blanched2  Pauls  Perry3,  though  within 
three  miles  of  it,  which  we  are  not  tender  to  confess  (being  indeed 
our  manifest  excuse) ;  for  thereby  it  appears,  the  pains  of  the  way 
did  not  keep  us  thence. 

In  truth,  we  thought  it  (coming  immediately  from  an  infected 
place)  an  hazardous  incivility  to  put  ourselves  upon  them  ;  for  if  any 
sinister  accident  had  fallen  out  about  the  same  time  (for  coincidents 
are  not  always  causes)  we  should  have  rued  it  for  ever. 

Here,  when  I  had  been  almost  a  fortnight  in  the  midst  of  much 
contentment,  I  received  knowledge  of  Sir  Albertus  Morton 4  his 
departure  out  of  this  world,  who  was  dearer  unto  me  than  mine  own 
being  in  it.  What  a  wound  it  is  to  my  heart,  you  will  easily 
believe  :  but  His  undisputable  will  must  be  done,  and  unrepiningly 
received  by  His  own  creatures,  who  is  the  Lord  of  all  nature,  and  of 
all  fortune,  when  He  taketh  now  one,  and  then  another,  till  the 

1  Wotton  did  not  publish  anything  in  this  year. 

2  'Blanched,' i.e.  passed  without  notice.     Obs.     (N.E.D.) 

3  Paulerspury  in  Northamptonshire,  the  seat  of  Sir  Arthur  Throckmorton, 
belonging,  after  his  death,  to  Mary,  Lady  Wotton,  his  daughter.  (Cat.  S.  P.  Dom., 
1638-9,  p.  627.) 

*  Sir  Albertus  Morton  died  on  Sept.  6,  1625.  {Gardiner,  vi,  p.  9,  see  ante,  i, 
p.  209.) 


TO  NICOLAS  PEY  M9 

expected  day  wherein  it  shall  please  Him  to  dissolve  the  whole,  and 
to  wrap  up  even  the  heaven  itself  as  a  scroll  of  parchment. 

This  is  the  last  philosophy  that  we  must  study  upon  the  earth. 
Let  us  now,  that  yet  remain,  while  our  glasses  shall  run  by  the 
dropping  away  of  friends,  reinforce  our  love  to  one  another,  which 
of  all  virtues,  both  spiritual  and  moral,  hath  the  highest  privilege, 
because  death  itself  shall  not  end  it.  And  good  Nic.  exercise  that 
love  towards  me,  in  letting  me  know,  &c. 

Your  ever  poor  friend, 

H.  Wotton. 

411.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  47,  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  439.    The  death  of  Lady  Bacon. 

From  Westminster,  this  16.  April,  162*,. 

Sir, 
Among  those  that  have  deep  interest  in  whatsoever  can  befall 
you,  I  am  the  freshest  witness  of  your  unexpressible  affections  to  my 
most  dear  niece '  ;  whom  God  hath  taken  from  us  into  His  eternal 
light  and  rest,  where  we  must  leave  her,  till  we  come  unto  her.  I 
should  think  myself  unworthy  for  ever  of  that  love  she  bare  me,  if  in 
this  case  I  were  fit  to  comfort  you.  But  it  is  that  only  God  who  can 
reconsolate 2  us  both  ;  who,  when  he  hath  called  now  one,  and  then 
another  of  His  own  creatures  unto  Himself,  will  unclasp  the  final  book 
of  His  decrees,  and  dissolve  the  whole ;  for  which  I  hope  He  will 
rather  teach  us  to  thirst  and  languish,  than  to  repine  at  particular 
dissolutions.  I  had  in  a  peculiar  affliction  of  mine  own  (all  within  the 
compass  of  little  time)  much  consolation  from  you,  which  cannot  but 
be  now  present  with  yourself;  for  I  am  well  acquainted  with  the 
strength  of  your  Christian  mind. 

Therefore,  being  kindly  invited  by  the  good  Master  of  the  Kolls 3  to 
write  by  his  express  messenger  unto  you,  let  me  (without  further  dis- 
course of  our  griefs)  only  join  in  this  with  him,  to  wish  your 
company  divided  between  him  and  me. 

We  will  contemplate  together  when  we  meet  our  future  blessed- 
ness, and  our  present  uncertainties,  and  I  am  afraid  we  shall  find  too 
much  argument  to  drown  our  private  feelings  in  the  public  solicitude. 
God's  love,  wherein  is  all  joy,  be  with  us. 

Your  ever  true  and  hearty  servant. 
Henry  Wotton. 

1  Philippa,  daughter  of  Edward,  Lord  Wotton. 

■  'Reconsolate,'  i.e.  reconsole.  The  above  is  the  only  instance  given  in  th. 

J  Sir  Julius  Caesar. 


WOTTON.     XX 


290  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

412.    To  the  Duke  of  Buckingham. 

Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  549.  Inscribed,'  '  The  copy  of  my  letter  to  the  Duke 
about  the  same  examination.'  Wotton  sends  Buckingham  the  account 
(dated  May,  1626)  of  his  inquiries  in  regard  to  an  alleged  poisoning 
plot, 

(Eton  College,  May,  1626.) 

I  send  unto  your  Grace  by  this  bearer,  Mr.  Michael  Branthwait. 
the  examination  of  the  Lord  of  Oldebare's  daughter l,  touching  the 
roll  of  names  said  to  be  found  in  Westminster  of  great  personages, 
which  were  to  be  poisoned  here  while  you  were  in  Spain.2  In  the 
delivery  whereof,  I  have  been  careful,  as  an  examiner  and  relator,  to 
set  down  nothing  but  her  bare  and  free  report,  which  is  the  historical 
part.  The  critical  now  remaineth  ;  for  after  the  examination  of 
circumstances  there  is  a  liberty  of  judgement. 

I  have  seen  many  defamatory  and  libellous  things  of  this  nature, 
abroad  and  at  home,  though  for  the  most  part  always  without  truth, 
yet  oftentimes  contrived  with  some  credibility.  But  this  appeareth 
in  the  whole  contexture  utterly  void  of  both,  even  though  we  had 
never  known  your  Grace  ;  nay,  I  will  say  more,  though  we  had 
known  you  to  be  as  bad  and  as  black  as  this  author  would  paint  )Tou. 
For  first,  the  main  ground  upon  which  he  would  raise  this  defama- 
tion, is  the  foresaid  roll  of  names,  found,  forsooth,  not  in  a  cabinet, 
but  in  a  dirty  street.  Now,  when  we  come  to  hunt  it  home,  the 
authentical  instruments  that  should  give  it  credit  are  a  carman  and 
a  footman  ;  till  at  last  it  came  to  Mr.  Alexander  Heatley,  a  gentleman 
indeed  (as  I  have  conceived  of  him)  of  sound  abilities.  Then  what 
does  he  with  it  ?  Marry,  he  thought  it  so  frivolous,  that  albeit  it 
had  passed  to  him  through  the  hands  of  a  noble  gentlewoman  of  his 
own  country,  yet  he  would  not  once  trouble  the  late  Duke  of 
Richmond 3,  his  master,  so  much  as  with  a  sight  of  it,  though  his  said 
master  was  one  of  the  enrolled.  Then,  it  comes  back  again,  and  the 
gentlewoman  conveyeth  it  by  another  hand  to  the  late  Marquess 
of  Hamilton4.  What  doth  he  with  it?  It  sleeps  in  his  pocket. 
There,  we  are  not  only  at  a  fault 5,  in  the  hunter's  term  ;  but  at  a 

1  Anne  Lyon,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Lyon  of  Auldbar,  Master  of  Glamis. 
{Peerage  of  Scotland,  Douglas,  ed.  Wood,  ii,  p.  564  ;  D.N.  B.,  xxxiv,  p.  351.) 

2  In  1626  a  Scottish  physician  and  poet,  George  Eglisham,  published  a  pamphlet 
called  Prodromiis  Vindictae,  in  which  he  accused  Buckingham  of  having  poisoned 
James  I,  and  said  that  he  had  the  intention  of  poisoning  many  others.  He 
mentioned  as  evidence  a  list  of  names  which  had  been  in  the  possession  of 
Anne  Lyon.  As  Anne  Lyon  lived  at  Windsor,  Wotton  was  instructed  to  make 
inquiries  about  the  matter.     (D.N.  B.,  xvii,  p.  166.) 

3  Ludovick  Stuart  (1574-1624),  second  Duke  of  Lennox,  created  Duke  of 
Richmond  1623. 

*  James,  second  Marquis  Hamilton  (ante,  i,  p.  487). 

5  '  Fault,'  a  break  in  the  line  of  scent,  a  check  caused  by  failure  of  scent. 
(N.E.D.) 


TO  THE  DUKK   01    BUCKINGHAM  291 

rest1,  as  if  we  were  but  playing  at  tennis.  I  am  sorry  to  charge  the 
memory  of  that  worthy  gentleman,  to  whom  I  was  much  bound  for  his 
favour,  so  far  as  this  doctor  hath  laden  him,  that,  if  he  thought  it  more 
important  than  Mr.  Heatley  did,  either  by  want  of  charity  he  would 
smother  so  horrible  a  practice  against  the  lives  of  at  least  a  dozen  of 
his  colleagues  in  privy  council,  or  for  want  of  courage  not  prosecute 
liis  own  cause  ;  especially,  your  Grace  (whose  power  this  pamphleteer 
doth  allege  for  the  impediment  of  all  prosecution),  being  then  (as 
appeareth  by  the  examination)  in  Spain. 

Much  more  might  be  said  upon  the  matter  :  but  I  value,  not  only 
your  Grace's,  but  mine  own  time,  at  a  greater  price.  Yet  I  have 
committed  a  remembrance  or  two  to  this  bearer,  for  whose  sincerity 
I  am  bound  to  answer,  because  I  did  choose  him  for  a  witness  in  the 
examination.  One  scruple  only  I  had  in  point  of  formality,  whether 
I  should  address  this  accompt  or  no  to  the  council  table,  whence  I 
received  the  commission.  But  considering  that  it  came  unto  me, 
though  by  order  from  thence,  yet  under  the  King's  trust,  I  have 
directed  it  to  your  hands,  whom  it  most  concerneth. 

I  had  waited  with  it  on  your  Grace  in  person,  but  that,  in  truth, 
some  straitness  by  distillations  in  my  breast  makes  me  resolve  to 
enter  anew  into  a  little  course  of  physic.  And  so  having  discharged 
this  duty  according  to  my  conscience  and  capacity,  I  humbly  leave 
your  Grace  in  God's  blessed  love,  remaining, 

Your  Grace's  ever  devoted  and  professed  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

413.    To  the  Duke  of  Buckingham. 
IMiq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  545.    Report  mentioned  in  above  letter. 

May,  1626. 

The  Copy  of  my  Keport  after  the  Examination  of  the 
Lord  of  Oldebare's  Daughter. 

According  to  his  Majesty's  good  pleasure,  signified  unto  me  by  an 
order  from  his  council  table,  under  the  19th  of  May,  and  delivered 
by  an  express  messenger  on  Monday  morning,  the  22nd  of  the  said 
month,  at  his  Majesty's  College  of  Eton,  that  I  should  examine  the 
Lord  of  Oldebare's  daughter,  now  resident  in  the  town  of  Windsor,  in 
the  circumstances  of  a  business  which  his  Majesty  had  committed  to 
my  trust ;  videlicet,  concerning  a  certain  roll  of  names  mentioned  in 
a  late  malicious  defamatory  pamphlet,  which  one  George  Eglisham 
had  scattered  in  print ;  pretending  therein  that  it  was  a  roll  of  divers 

1  '  Rest/  in  court-tennis  a  quick  and  continued  returning  <>f  the  ball  from  one 
player  to  another.     (Century  hi 

U  2 


292  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

great  personages  which  were  to  be  poisoned  by  the  now  Duke  of 
Buckingham,  and  among  those  great  ones,  the  said  George  Eglisham 
himself  for  one  ;  which  said  roll  (as  the  said  Eglisham  affirmeth)  the 
foresaid  daughter  of  the  Lord  Oldebare  had  brought  to  the  late 
Lord  Marquess  of  Hamilton,  her  cousin,  who  was  one  of  the  enrolled 
to  be  poisoned ;  grounding  this  defamation  upon  the  testimony  of 
that  roll,  brought  by  the  said  gentlewoman  to  the  foresaid  Marquess : 
I  say,  according  to  his  Majesty's  command  herein,  I  repaired,  when  I 
had  first  inquired  out  her  lodging,  the  next  day  after  the  receipt 
thereof,  to  the  said  Lord  of  Oldebare's  daughter,  by  name  Anne  Lion 
(though  not  nominated  by  the  foresaid  Eglisham,  but  under  her 
father's  title),  at  her  lodging  in  Windsor,  where  I  found  her  accom- 
panied with  her  younger  sister,  and  a  gentlewoman  of  her  attendance, 
who  were  all  three  in  the  room  while  I  spake  with  her.  And  I 
brought  in  with  me  Mr.  Michael  Bran th wait,  heretofore  his  Majesty's 
agent  in  Venice,  as  a  gentleman  of  approved  confidence  and  sincerity. 
At  my  access  unto  her,  because  I  was  a  stranger,  and  the  business 
somewhat  harsh  and  umbrageous,  I  laboured  to  take  from  her  all 
manner  of  shadow  touching  herself ;  which  in  truth  I  found  very 
needless.  For  after  I  had  showed  her  my  commission,  and  the  places 
in  Eglisham's  book  wherein  she  was  traduced  for  a  witness  of  this 
foul  defamation,  she  was  so  far  from  disguising  or  reserving  any 
circumstance,  that  she  prevented  all  my  inquisitiveness  in  some 
questions  which  I  had  prepared,  making  a  clear,  a  free,  and  a  noble 
report  of  all  that  had  passed,  which  she  did  dictate  unto  me,  as  I 
wrote  in  her  window,  in  her  own  words,  without  any  enforcement 
or  interruption,  as  followeth  : 

'  At  his  Majesty's  being  in  Spain,  a  carman  of  one  Smith,  a  wood- 
monger  in  Westminster,  found  a  paper,  as  he  said,  and  gave  it  to  my 
mother's  footman  to  read,  whose  name  was  Thomas  Allet,  who 
brought  it  immediately  to  me.  It  was  half  a  sheet  of  paper  laid 
double  by  the  length,  and  in  it  was  written  in  a  scribbled  hand,  the 
names  of  a  number  (above  a  dozen)  of  the  Privy  Council ;  some  words 
had  been  written  more,  which  were  scraped  out.  The  names  were 
not  writ  in  order  as  they  were  of  quality.  In  it,  next  to  the 
Marquess  of  Hamilton,  was  writ,  "  Dr.  Eglisham  to  embalm  him." 
No  mention  of  poisoning,  or  any  such  thing,  but  very  names.  I,  not 
knowing  what  it  might  import  more,  the  Marquess  of  Hamilton 
not  being  at  that  instant  in  Whitehall,  sent  for  James  Steward, 
servant  to  the  Duke  of  Richmond,  and  desired  him  to  show  his  Lord 
that  paper,  wherein  was  his  name.  He  said  he  would  not  present  it 
himself,  but  would  give  it  to  Alexander  Heatley,  his  secretary.  So  he 
took  the  paper  from  me ;  and  within  a  day  or  two  after  he  brought  it 


TO    THE   DUKK   OF    \\V(  KIXciH AM 

Lack  to  me,  and  said,  the  secretary  thought  it  not  necessary  to  trouble 
his  Lord  withal,  for  as  he  did  conceive,  some  that  had  a  cause  to  be 
heard  before  the  Privy  Council,  or  in  the  Star  Chamber,  had  written 
these  names  to  help  his  own  memory,  to  reckon  who  would  be  with 
him  or  against  him.  Immediately  then  I  sent  the  said  Allet  to 
David  Strachen,  servant  to  the  Marquess  of  Hamilton,  and  bade  him 
give  that  to  his  lord  from  me  immediately  ;  which  he  said  he  did, 
and  that  his  lord  read  it,  and  put  it  in  his  pocket.' 

These  are  the  very  express  and  formal  words,  which  this  noble 
gentlewoman,  with  a  very  frank  and  ingenious l  spirit,  as  I  am  bound 
to  testify  of  her,  did  dictate  to  me,  in  the  presence  of  the  above- 
named.  Whereby  may  appear  to  any  reasonable  creature,  what  a 
silly  piece  of  malice  this  was,  when  Mr.  Alexander  Heatley,  a  gentle- 
man of  sober  judgement,  to  whom  the  roll  was  first  sent,  though 
that  be  concealed  by  Eglisham,  did  think  it  too  frivolous  to  be  so 
much  as  showed  to  his  master,  howsoever  named  therein.  At  this 
first  conference,  as  I  was  ready  to  depart,  my  Lord  of  Oldebare's 
daughter  desired  of  me  a  view  of  the  book,  out  of  which  I  had  read 
her  some  passages,  wherein  her  name  was  traduced  ;  which  could  in 
no  equity  be  denied.  So  I  left  it  with  her  till  the  next  day,  praying 
that  I  might  then  have  her  full  judgement  of  it ;  when  repairing 
again  unto  her,  she  told  me  as  freely  as  the  rest,  in  the  hearing  of 
the  same  company  as  before,  except  her  gentlewoman,  that  Eglisham 
had  gone  upon  veiy  slight  grounds  in  so  great  a  matter.2 

414.     To  the  Queen  of  Bohemia. 

Iitliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  494,  in  part,  the  whole  letter  3rd  ed.,  p.  551.  Although 
the  printer  of  the  third  edition  must  have  had  the  MS.  of  this  letter  to 
print  from,  I  give  the  (as  far  as  it  goes)  text  of  the  first  edition  (except 
certain  words  that  were  omitted)  as  the  earlier  transcript  seems  more 
correct.  The  letter  is  endorsed  '  The  copy  of  my  letter  to  the  Queen  of 
Bohemia  \  It  is  undated,  but  was  written  during  the  Parliament  of 
1626  (Feb.  6  to  June  14),  and  after  all  the  charges  of  impeachment 
against  Buckingham  had  been  presented  to  the  House  of  Lords  on 
May  10.  Wotton  writes  of  Buckingham's  impeachment,  and  offers 
consolation  to  the  Queen,  who  was  now  living  with  her  husband  in 
exile  and  straitened  circumstances  at  the  Hague. 

(May?  1626.) 

Most  resplendent  Queen,  even  in  the  darkness  of  fortim  . 
I  most  humbly  salute  your  Majesty  again,  after  the   longest 
silence  that  I  have  ever  held  with  you,  since  I  first  took  into  mine 

1  '  Ingenious/  often  used  at  this  time  by  confusion  for  '  ingenuous  \    (N.  E.L.) 
-  Proceedings  were  instituted  against  Eglisham,  who  fled  to  Brussels.     The 
place  and  date  of  his  death  are  unknown. 


^94  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

heart  an  image  of  your  excellent  virtues.  My  thoughts  indeed,  from 
the  exercise  of  outward  duties,  have  been  confined  within  myself, 
and  deeply  wounded  with  mine  own  private  griefs  and  losses '  ;  which 
I  was  afraid,  if  I  had  written  sooner  unto  your  Majesty,  before  time 
had  dried  them  up,  would  have  freshly  bled  again.  And  now,  with 
what  shall  I  entertain  your  sweet  spirits  ?  It  becomes  not  my 
weakness  to  speak  of  deep  and  weighty  counsels,  nor  my  privateness 
of  great  personages.  Yet  because  I  know  your  Majesty  cannot  but 
expect  that  I  should  say  somewhat  of  the  Duke  of  Buckingham, 
whom  all  contemplate,  I  will  begin  there,  and  end  in  such  comfort* 
as  I  can  suggest  to  your  present  estate,  which  shall  be  ever  the 
subject  both  of  my  letters  and  of  my  prayers.  But  before  I  deliver 
my  conceit  of  the  said  Duke.  I  must  use  a  little  preface.  I  am  two 
ways  tied  unto  him  ;  first,  for  his  singular  love  towards  my  never 
forgotten  Albertus ;  therein  likewise  concurring  with  your  Majesty's 
inestimable  affection.2  Next,  for  mine  own  particular,  I  hold  by  his 
mediation  this  poor  place,  as  indeed  I  may  well  call  it,  for  the  benefit 
though  not  for  the  contentment.  But  if  it  were  worth  millions,  or 
worlds,  I  protest  unto  your  Majesty  (to  whom  I  owe  the  bottom  of 
mine  heart)  I  would  not  speak  otherwise  of  him,  than  I  conceive.  I 
will  therefore  spend  my  opinion  (which  is  all  my  freehold)  without 
fear  of  Parliaments  or  hopes  of  Court. 

And  truly  (my  most  gracious  and  royal  mistress)  I  cannot  weigh 
his  case  without  much  wonder,  being  one  of  the  strangest  (all  con- 
sidered) that  I  ever  yet  took  into  my  fancy.  Not  that  the  Commons 3 
now  should  sift  and  winnow  the  actions  even  of  the  highest  of  the 
nobility ;  not  that  an  obscure  physician 4  then  among  them  (where 
that  profession  is  very  rarely)  should  give  the  first  onset  on  so 
eminent  a  personage  :  not  that  such  a  popular  pursuit  once  begun 
by  one,  and  seconded  by  a  few  other,  should  quickly  kindle  a  great 
party.  These  are  in  their  nature  no  marvels  nor  novelties.  Neither 
can  I  greatly  muse,  that  in  a  young  gentleman,  during  the  space  of 
thirteen  years  of  such  prosperity  and  power,  the  height  of  his  place 
exposing  him  to  much  observation  and  curiosity,  the  Lower  House 
likewise  opening  the  way  to  all  kind  of  complaints  (as  they  did), 
and  examining  nothing  upon  oath  (as  they  never  do),  there  should 

1  The  deaths  of  Lady  Bacon  and  Sir  Albertus  Morton. 

-  Sir  Albertus  Morton  was  Secretary  to  the  Queen  of  Bohemia  from  1616  to 
1618.     (Ante,  i,  p.  145  ;  ii,  p.  94.), 

3  'Commons.'  omitted  Belig.,  1st  ed. 

*  Samuel  Turner,  M.D.,  member  for  Shaftesbury.  (C.  A  T.  Charles  I,  i,  p.  280  n.) 
On  March  11  Dr.  Turner,  'a  man  otherwise  of  no  note,  told  the  House  that  the 
cause  of  all  their  grievances  was  M  that  great  man.  the  Duke  of  Buckingham  ". 
{Gardiner,  vi,  p.  76.) 

r>  '  Lower  House/  omitted  Belkj.,  1st  ed. 


To  THE  QUEEN   01    BOHEMIA  296 

be  matter  enough  gleaned  to  make  up  thirteen  objections,  and  none 
of  heinous  degree.  Therefore  I  can  pass  all  this  over  with  easy 
belief.  For  where  there  are  such  boltings  to  the  quick,  there  mil 
needs  be  some  bran  everywhere.  But  there  is  a  consideration  which 
doth  much  confound  my  judgement.  First,  for  the  matter  itself: 
that  this  very  nobleman,  who  at  the  Parliament  of  1623  was  so 
universally  applauded,  and  celebrated  in  every  corner,  as  a  great 
instrument  of  the  public  good  (insomuch  as  for  my  part  I  conceived 
him  then  to  be  that  which  few  or  none  had  been  in  all  ages  before, 
no  less  favourite,  I  mean,  to  the  people,  than  to  the  King)  should  be 
now  pursued  with  these  dislikes,  when  for  the  most  part  the  very 
same  objectors  were  in  the  foresaid  Parliament,  and  the  veiy  same 
objections  (except  one  or  two)  might  as  well  then  have  been  alleged : 
this  is,1  I  must  confess,  to  my  understanding  a  labyrinth.  Again, 
when  (from  the  matter  turning  to  the  person)  I  view  the  fairness  and 
equality  of  his  temper  and  carnage,  I  can  in  truth  descry  in  his  own 
nature  no  original  excitement  of  such  distaste,  which  commonly 
ariseth,  not  so  much  from  high  fortune,  as  from  high  looks.  For  I 
most  ingeniously  avow  unto  your  Majesty,  that  among  all  the 
favourites  which  mine  eyes  have  beheld  in  divers  courts  and  times, 
I  never  saw  before  a  strong  heart,  and  eminent  condition,  so  clearly 
void  of  all  pride  and  swelling  arrogancy,  either  in  his  face  or  in  his 
fashion. 

These  are  partly  the  reasons  that  make  me  wonder  how  such 
offence  should  grow  like  a  mushroom  in  a  night.  But  there  is  one 
thing  above  all  other  that  hath  strucken  deepest  into  my  mind,  and 
made  me  see  how  the  greatest  men  have  this  unfortunate  adjunct  in 
their  felicity,  to  be  sometimes  obnoxious  to  the  foulest  and  falsest 
reports  ;  whereof  in  the  person  of  this  very  Duke  himself,  I  shall  lay 
a  monstrous  example  before  your  Majesty,  out  of  mine  own  particular 
knowledge  and  employment. 

It  pleased  my  sovereign  now  being,  to  direct  unto  me  hither  a 
commission  to  examine  my  Lord  of  Oldebare's  daughter,  by  name 
Mistress  Anne  Lion  (I  think  sometimes  not  unknown  unto  your 
Majesty),  then  resident  at  Windsor,  about  an  abominable  pamphlet 
published  and  printed  towards  the  time  of  the  last  Parliament,  in 
divers  languages,  by  one  Doctor  Eglisham,  a  Scottish  physician,  who 
therein  chargeth  the  Duke  of  Buckingham  with  such  trifles  as  these : 
the  death  of  the  Marquess  Hamilton,  his  near  friend  and  ally  ;  the 
death  of  our  late  King,  of  ever  blessed  memory,  his  most  dear  master  ; 
the  intended  deaths  of  divers  councillors  of  estate,  his  associates : 

1  In  the  first  edition  of  the  Reliquiae  the  letter  ends  here  with  ;<  note,  *Th. 
rest  is  lost.'     The  remainder  is  from  the  third  edition. 


296  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

painting,  in  effect,  a  nature  far  beyond  that  of  Richard  the  Third,  when 
he  was  Duke  of  Glocester.  And  for  a  witness  hereof  he  traduceth  the 
foresaid  gentlewoman,  or  rather  as  the  main  ground  of  his  whole 
book  ;  which  occasioned  her  examination,  at  the  Duke's  pursuit  against 
himself ;  whereof  I  send  your  Majesty  a  copy  herewith,  as  I  took  it 
from  her  own  free  delivery.  Wherein  you  shall  see  a  bare  note  of  a 
few  councillors'  names,  found  at  first,  not  in  the  Duke's  cabinet,  but 
in  the  very  kennel  of  King-street  by  a  carman,  servant  to  a  wood- 
monger  :  secondly,  by  him  brought  to  a  footman  ;  by  which  honour- 
able degrees  it  came  to  the  gentlewoman  all  dirty.  And  at  last,  it  is 
turned  by  this  doctor  into  (a)  bill  of  personages  to  be  poisoned,  out  of 
a  very  charitable  interpretation  then  reigning  in  him.  I  am  doubtful 
what  passion  it  will  most  stir  in  your  Majesty,  when  you  read  the 
circumstances,  whether  mere  laughter  at  such  a  ridiculous  slander, 
or  a  noble  indignation  at  so  desperate  impudency.  And  so  not  to 
stay  any  longer  upon  this  cobweb,  I  will  end  with  such  comforts  as 
I  propound  to  myself  in  contemplation  of  your  present  being. 

The  first  shall  be  a  general  impression  which  we  have  taken  of 
his  Majesty's  nature.  And  it  is  this,  that  he  is  not  only  (to  consider 
him  absolutely  in  his  own  composition)  of  singular  virtue  and  piety, 
and  resolution  in  good  ;  but  likewise  (to  consider  him  relatively)  he 
is  an  excellent  husband,  brother,  and  friend.  I  call  favourites  the 
friends  of  kings,  as  your  Majesty  (who  is  so  well  versed  in  the  best 
of  books)  knows  I  may  do  with  very  good  warrant:  for  was  not 
Hushai  the  Archite  so  styled  to  David,  and  after  him  Zahud  to 
Solomon?  Nay,  had  not  the  highest  of  all  examples,  in  the  time 
of  His  human  lowness,  both  among  the  living  a  beloved  that  lay  on 
His  bosom,  and  another  also  whom  He  calls  His  friend,  even  when 
He  called  him  from  the  dead  ?  Thus  much  I  could  not  abstain  to 
let  fall  from  my  pen,  by  the  way,  against  all  murmurers  at  any 
singularity  of  affection,  which  abound  both  in  states  and  families. 
But  of  these  three  relations,  I  will  now  only  contemplate  that  which 
respecteth  your  Majesty ;  which  indeed  is  as  clear  and  visible  as  the 
rest.  For  surely  all  the  parliaments  that  our  most  gracious  Sovereign 
hath  hitherto  assembled,  and  all  the  actions  that  he  hath  undertaken 
abroad,  either  of  himself  or  by  combinations,  and  his  private 
counsels  at  home,  have  principally  levelled  at  your  support  and 
restorement ;  as  the  deliberations  likewise  that  went  before,  in  the 
latter  time  of  your  most  blessed  father.  So  as  your  Majesty,  in 
the  justness  of  your  cause,  and  in  the  sweetness  of  your  nature, 
doth  stand  firmly  invested  in  both  the  titles  of  as  beloved  a  sister 
as  you  were  a  daughter.  And  I  am  confident  that  our  living  and 
loving  God,  who  did  accept  the  zeal  of  your  royal  brother,  and  bless 


TO   THE   QUEEN    OF    BOHEMIA  207 

his  own  and  the  public  devotions  at  home,  with  almost  a  miraculous 
conversion  of  the  infirmity  which  raged,  into  health,  and  of  the 
sterility  which  was  feared,  into  plenty,  will  likewise  find  His  own 
good  time  to  favour  our  pursuits  abroad. 

Your  Majesty's  second  comfort,  is  the  universal  Jove  of  all  good 
minds.  To  which  I  may  justly  add,  a  particular  zeal  in  him  who 
is  nearest  his  Majesty,  to  foment  his  best  desires  towards  you  ;  which 
he  hath  expressed  sundry  times  within  my  hearing. 

The  last  and  inwardest  consolation  that  I  can  represent  unto 
your  Majesty,  is  yourself,  your  own  soul,  your  own  virtues,  your 
own  Christian  constancy  and  magnanimity:  whereby  your  Majesty 
hath  exalted  the  glory  of  your  sex,  conquered  your  affections,  and 
trampled  upon  your  adversities.  To  conclude,  you  have  showed  the 
world,  that  though  you  were  born  within  the  chance,  yet  without 
the  power  of  fortune.1 

And  so  having  sought  to  redeem  so  long  a  silence,  I  fear,  with  too 
long  a  trouble,  I  will  promise  your  Majesty  to  commit  no  more  of 
the  former  fault,  and  humbly  beg  your  pardon  for  the  other ;  ever 
and  ever  remaining, 

Your  Majesty's  poor  servant, 

with  all  humble  and  hearty  devotion, 

Henry  Wottox. 


415.    To  Sir  Robert  Bruce  Cotton2. 

Cotton  MS,  Jul.  C.  Ill,  f.  410,  holograph,  no  date,  dated  1626?  in 
catalogue  of  Cotton  MS. 

<1626  ?> 
Sir, 

If  it  may  please  you  to  lend  me  for  a  day  your  Scottish  treatise, 
you  shall  command  me  and  anything  that  I  have  worth  your 
desiring. 

Your  very  willing  friend, 

Henry  Wottox. 


1  •  A  Princess  resplendent  in  darkness,  and  whose  virtues  were  born  within 
the  chance,  but  without  the  power  of  Fortune.'  (Life  and  Death  of  Buckingham . 
4th  ed.,  p.  222.)  'Quae  mihi  semper  visa  est  sola  sui  sexus  omnibus 
malis  maior,  et  ipsa  obscuritate  illustrior,  et  quidem  intra  Fortunae  sortem,  sed 
f.rtra  imperium  posita.'  (Plausus  et  Vota.  ibid.,  p.  129.)  The  portrait  of  the  Queen  of 
Bohemia,  bequeathed  by  Wotton  to  Prince  Charles,  and  now  at  Hampton  Court 
.  i,  p.  217),  is  inscribed  Inter  Fortunae  Sortem,  Extra  Imperium. 

-  sir  Robert  Bruce  Cotton  (1571-1631),  the  famous  antiquary,  whose  library 
was  a  great  resort  of  the  learned  men  of  the  time,  and  from  which  they  often 
borrowed  books. 


298  LETTERS   OF  WOTTOX 


416.    To  Charles  I. 

Rdiq.j  1st  ed.,  p.  359,  3rd  ed.,  p.  243.  'A  character  of  Ferdinando  di 
Medici,  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany,  dedicated  to  the  King.'  Undated, 
probably  written  not  long  after  Wotton's  appointment  to  Eton,  but 
subsequent  to  the  death  of  James  T.  For  lack  of  any  other  indication* 
I  place  it  here. 

(1626?) 

Being  desirous,  albeit  I  dare  promise  little  fruit  or  pleasure  to 
others  by  any  use  of  my  pen,  yet  at  least  to  record  unto  myself 
some  such  observations  as  I  picked  up  abroad  in  the  time  of  my 
former  travels  and  employments,  I  stand  obliged  in  grateful  memory, 
to  say  somewhat  of  a  prince  long  since  at  rest,  namely,  Ferdinando. 
Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany,  which  was  the  ancient  Hetruria ;  whose 
Palace  of  Piti  at  Florence  [when]  I  came  often  to  review,  and  still 
methought  with  fresh  admiration  ;  being  incomparably  (as  far  as 
I  can  yet  speak  by  experience,  or  report)  for  solid  architecture,  the 
most  magnificent  and  regular  pile  within  the  Christian  world.1  It 
pleased  him  by  means  of  the  Cavalier  Vinta 2,  his  principal  secretary 
of  estate,  to  take  some  notice  of  my  person,  though  no  intruder  by 
nature,  and  (God  knows)  of  little  ability. 

The  said  Duke  Ferdinando  was  reputed  a  wise  and  wary  Prince  ; 
and  it  was  a  solid  wisdom  rather  than  a  formal.  He  had  been  long 
a  Cardinal,  and  at  two  or  three  conclaves  (as  they  call  them)  or 
elections  of  Popes ;  so  as  he  came  to  the  Dukedom  well  seasoned 
before  with  practice,  and  well  broken  to  affairs,  and  with  such  an 
impression  of  his  first  tincture  (as  falleth  out  naturally  in  all  things 
else)  that  he  always  maintained  a  great  interest  in  the  Roman 
Court ;  as  indeed  was  necessary  for  a  near  and  jealous  confiner. 
He  was  in  his  civil  regiment  of  a  fine  composition  between  frugality 
and  magnificence ;  a  great  cherisher  of  manual  arts,  especially  such 
as  tended  to  splendour  and  ornament,  as  picture,  sculpture,  cutting 
of  crystals,  ambers,  and  all  of  the  softer  gems  ;  inlaying  of  marbles, 
limning  of  birds,  beasts,  and  vegetables,  embossing,  and  the  like.  In 
all  which  he  drew  to  him  from  all  parts  the  most  exquisite  artificers 
with  a  settled  pension,  and  placed  them  in  several  compartments  of 
his  palace,  where  he  would  come  oftentimes  to  see  them  work  for 
his  own  delight ;  and  so  he  did  furnish  his  cabinets  with  rarities 
at  an  easy  rate,  being,  in  truth,  one  of  the  greatest  economists  of  his 
age.  And  as  he  had  much  at  first  of  the  Deacon,  and  more  of  the 
Prince,  so  he  did  now  and  then  not  disdain  to  have  a  little  of  the 


1  See  ante,  i,  p.  21  n. 

2  '  Vietta'  in  Reliq.  Belisario  Vinta  {ibkl.,  p.  40). 


To  CHARLES  T  2OT 

Merchant :  'twas  as  well  as  fighting  with  his  galleys.  After  the 
death  of  the  Duke  Francesco  his  brother,  it  was  a  while  somewhat 
an  ambiguous  deliberative,  whether  he  should  divest  the  cardinal- 
ship,  or  rule  with  a  double  greatness,  ecclesiastical  and  civil.  But 
the  hope  of  posterity  overbalanced  the  scale  ;  and  so  he  took  to  wife 
the  daughter  of  Loraigne l,  as  it  were  to  interest  himself  now  in  the 
borders  of  France,  whereas  his  name  before  had  spread  itself  in 
the  body. 

He  was  by  nature  more  reserved  than  popular,  and  had  virtues 
fitter  to  beget  estimation  than  love ;  yet  he  would  duly  in  his  coach 
take  almost  every  day  a  review  of  the  city,  and  receive  petitions 
willingly.  Besides,  I  have  been  showed  a  strange  device  of  state, 
namely,  an  outward  hole,  like  a  trunk2,  in  a  wall  of  one  of  his 
galleries,  the  bottom  whereof  was  under  lock  and  key,  into  which 
any  one  might  let  forth  any  secret  intelligence,  and  convey  it  closely 
to  the  ears  of  the  Prince:  enough  to  disquiet  all  the  days  of  his 
life.  He  was  served  by  able  instruments  of  state,  and  diligently 
attended  in  Court ;  but  rather  by  choice  than  number,  and  with 
more  neatness  than  noise.  He  had  a  close  and  intrinsical  favourite, 
by  birth  a  stranger,  being  born  in  Piedmont,  but  by  his  favour  made 
Archbishop  of  Pisa :!,  a  notable  screen  between  him  and  his  subjects  : 
upon  whom  the  Duke  would  handsomely  bestow  all  manner  of 
complaint,  and  he  as  willingly  bear  it.  He  was  unquestionably 
the  powerfullest  of  all  the  Italian  Dukes:  and  being  centred  in  the 
very  navel  of  Italy,  thereby  the  furthest  from  invasion  on  all  sides, 
and  the  most  participant  of  the  common  interest,  which,  I  believe, 
among  other  causes,  hath  much  preserved  that  State  in  busy  times ; 
yet  surely  a  little  overawed  or  overlooked  by  the  King  of  Spain, 
who  holdeth  in  actual  possession  Pont  Hercule,  Telemene,  and 
Piombino,  which  we  may  perchance  not  improperly  call  the  fetters 
of  Hetruria.  Of  stature  he  was  somewhat  above  the  mean,  a  gross 
body,  not  apt  to  motion,  and  as  quiet  a  countenance.  His  moneys 
were  the  purest  and  least  corrupted  within  the  Italian  bounds,  and 
his  markets  the  best  ordered  for  prices  of  comestible  ware  ;  where, 
in  all  his  towns,  a  man  might  have  sent  out  a  child  for  any  flesh, 
or  fish,  at  a  rated  price  every  morning.  To  which  temper  more 
septentrional  unlimber  nations  have  not  yet  bent  themselves.  On 
the  other  side,  there  was  nothing  brought  into  Florence  from  the 
field,  to  the  least  sale,  but  by  a  long  insensible  servitude  paid 
somewhat.     This  was  the  civil  and  natural  habit  of  that  Prince: 

1  Ferdinand!  married  in  1589  Christine  of  Lorraine,  grand-daughter  of  Lath,  rim 
'If'  Medici,  and  cousin  of  James  I. 

-  'Trunk,'  obs.  name  for  speaking-rul>r.  n  Del  Pozzo  (an'> .  I,  ]■■  HI 


300  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

and  more  might  be  said,  if  I  were  not  pounded *  within  an  epistle. 
This  Duke,  while  I  was  a  private  traveller  in  Florence,  and  went 
sometime  by  chance  (sure  I  am,  without  any  design)  to  his  Court, 
was  pleased,  out  of  some  gracious  conceit  which  he  took  of  my 
fidelity  (for  nothing  else  could  move  it)  to  employ  me  into  Scotland 
with  a  casket  of  antidotes,  or  preservatives  (wherein  he  did  excel  all 
the  princes  of  the  world),  and  with  a  dispatch  of  high  and  secret 
importance,  which  he  had  intercepted  touching  some  practice  upon 
the  succession  to  this  crown.  So  as  I  am  much  obliged  to  his 
memory  (though  it  was  a  painful  journey)  for  that  honour,  and 
other  favours  and  beneficences  ;  and  especially  because  I  came 
thereby  first  into  the  notice  of  the  King  your  father,  of  ever  blessed 
memory,  when  your  Majesty  was  but  a  blooming  rose,  which  after- 
wards drew  on  my  employment  to  the  Republic  of  Venice. 

417.    To  Charles  I. 

Beliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  382  ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  323.  The  text  of  the  1st  edition  is  incom- 
plete, and  I  therefore  j>rint  that  of  the  3rd  ed.  This  letter  is  dated 
1627  in  the  3rd  edition,  and  was  apparently  written  about  April  (see 
note  2).     Wotton's  intention  to  take  orders. 

(April?)  1627. 
May  it  please  your  Majesty, 

The  gracious  aspect  which  I  have  ever  observed  in  your  Majesty 
towards  me,  doth  bind  me  (though  there  were  no  other  reason)  next 
under  God,  to  approve  all  my  actions  to  your  judgement.  Let  me 
therefore  most  humbly  make  known  unto  your  Majesty,  that  it  hath 
pleased  the  fountain  of  all  good  thoughts  to  dispose  my  mind,  by  His 
secret  providence,  to  enter  into  the  sacred  orders  of  His  Church 2 : 
having  confirmed  in  me  (for  which  His  high  Name  be  ever  blessed) 
the  reverence  and  love  of  His  truth,  by  a  large  experience  of  the 
abuses  thereof  in  the  very  seat  and  sink  of  all  corruption,  Rome 
itself ;  to  which  my  wandering  curiosity  carried  me  no  less  than  four 
times  in  my  younger  years,   where  I  fixed  my  studies  most  upon 

1  '  Pounded,'  i.  e.  impounded,  confined. 

'-'  On  April  7, 1627,  Joseph  Mead  wrote  to  Sir  Martin  Stuteville,  that  he  learned 
from  a  letter  of  Mr.  B.  (William  Boswell?)  'that  Sir  Henry  Wotton  Will  be 
shortly  in  holy  orders,  having  for  that  purpose  leave  of  the  King ;  which 
because  heretofore  he  hath  been  so  oft  and  so  long  a  public  person,  he  was  in 
duty  to  ask'.  {C.  &  T.  Charles  I,  i,  p.  214.)  On  May  11  an  anonymous  corre- 
spondent writes  to  Mead,  '  Sir  Harry  Wotton,  now  a  clergyman,  is  like  to  be 
Dean  of  Canterbury,  if  not  Bishop  of  Exeter,  if  he  can  bring  off  my  Lord  Wotton 
to  match  his  daughter  and  only  child  with  Lord  Denbigh's  son.'  (Ibid.,  p.  224,  see 
also  p.  267.)  This,  however,  is  plainly  the  vaguest  and  most  inaccurate  gossip  ; 
Sir  Henry  was  not  yet  in  orders  ;  Edward  Lord  Wotton  died  in  1626,  his 
successor  Thomas  had  five  daughters.  Lord  Feilding  married  Anne,  daughter  of 
the  Earl  of  Portland. 


TO  CHARLES  1  301 

the  historical  part,  in  the  politic  management  of  religion,  which 
I  found  plainly  converted  from  a  rule  of  conscience,  to  an  instrument 
of  State,  and  from  the  mistress  of  all  sciences,  into  a  very  handmaid 
of  ambition.  Neither  do  I  repent  me  of  bending  my  observation 
that  way.  For  though  the  truth  perhaps  may  more  compendiously 
appear  in  online  doctrinae  ;  yet  never  more  fully,  than  when  we 
search  the  original  veins  thereof,  the  increase,  the  depravations,  and 
decays,  in  online  temporum. 

This  is  the  point  wherein  I  have  travelled  most,  and  wherein 
I  will  spend  the  remainder  of  my  days  ;  hoping  that  the  all-sufficient 
God  will  in  the  strength  of  His  mercy  enable  my  weakness,  either 
by  my  voice  or  pen,  to  celebrate  His  glory.  Now  though  I  was  thus 
far  confident  in  myself  (with  all  humility  be  it  spoken)  that  neither 
my  life,  nor  my  poor  erudition,  would  yield  much  scandal  to  others, 
and  likewise  might  well  have  presumed,  that  this  resolution  could 
no  ways  offend  your  Majesty's  religious  heart,  but  might  rather  be 
secure  in  your  favour  and  encouragement ;  yet  having  been  employed 
so  many  years  abroad  in  civil  use,  I  thought  it  undutiful  to  change 
my  calling,  without  the  foreknowledge  and  approbation  of  my  dear 
sovereign.  This  is  the  humble  message  of  these  few  lines  unto  your 
Majesty. 

The  Almighty,  who  hath  endued  your  Majesty  with  excellent 
virtues,  and  so  early  taught  you  the  rare  consort  between  greatness 
and  goodness,  long  protect  your  royal  person  and  estates  under  His 
singular  love. 

Your  Majesty's  most  faithful  and  devoted  vassal, 

H.  Wotton. 


418.    To  Charles  I. 

Jieliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  422,  3rd  ed.,  p.  329.   Wotton's  recommendation  of  William 
Bedell  for  the  Provostship  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin  (for  date  see  note  1). 

(May?)  1627. 

May  it  please  your  most  gracious  Majesty, 

Having  been  informed  that  certain  persons  have,  by  the  good 
wishes  of  the  Archbishop  of  Armach  \  been  directed  hither  with 

1  James  Ussher  (1581-1656).  On  the  death  of  Sir  William  Temple,  Provost  of 
Trinity  College,  in  Jan.  1627,  Ussher  recommended  Bedell  to  the  Fellows  as 
Temple's  successor.  On  March  15  Bedell  wrote  that  Ussher  had  asked  him  if 
he  would  accept  the  position,  adding  on  May  8  that  the  Fellows  had  petitioned 
the  King  to  nominate  him.  {Two  Biog.,  pp.  266,  270.)  This  letter  (dated 
J 1627 '  in  the  Reliquiae)  was  probably  written  early  in  May,  after  Wotton 
had  heard  of  the  Fellows'  petition.  Bedell's  son,  William  Bedell,  in  his  life 
of  his  father  says  that  Charles  I  '  was  graciously  pleased,  upon  the  testimony 
of  sir  Henry  Wotton,  toassentto  the  Fellows'  petition'.    {Ttro  Bio<j..  p,  _l. 


30.2  LETTERS    OF   WOTTON 

a  most  humble  petition  unto  your  Majesty,  that  you  will  be  pleased 
to  make  Mr.  Wil.  Bedel  (now  resident  upon  a  small  benefice  in 
Suffolk l)  Governor  of  your  College  at  Dublin,  for  the  good  of  that 
society  ;  and  myself  being  required  to  render  unto  your  Majesty 
some  testimony  of  the  said  William  Bedel  (who  was  long  my 
chaplain  at  Venice  in  the  time  of  my  first  employment),  I  am  bound 
in  all  conscience  and  truth  (as  far  as  your  Majesty  will  vouchsafe  to 
accept  my  poor  judgement)  to  affirm  of  him,  that  I  think  hardly 
a  fitter  man  for  that  charge  could  have  been  propounded  unto  your 
Majesty  in  your  whole  kingdom,  for  singular  erudition  and  piety, 
conformity  to  the  rites  of  your  Church,  and  zeal  to  advance  the  cause 
of  God  ;  wherein  his  travails  abroad  were  not  obscure  in  the  time  of 
the  excommunication  of  the  Venetians.  For  it  may  please  your 
Majesty  to  know  that  this  is  the  man  whom  Padre  Paulo  took,  I  may 
say,  into  his  very  soul  ;  with  whom  he  did  communicate  the 
inwardest  thoughts  of  his  heart ;  from  whom  he  professed  to  have 
received  more  knowledge  in  all  divinity,  both  scholastical  and 
positive,  than  from  any  that  he  had  ever  practised  in  his  days  ; 
of  which  all  the  passages  were  well  known  unto  the  King  your 
father  of  most  blessed  memory.  And  so,  with  your  Majesty's  good 
favour,  I  will  end  this  needless  office  ;  for  the  general  fame  both  of 
his  learning,  and  life,  and  Christian  temper,  and  those  religious 
labours  which  himself  hath  dedicated  unto  your  Majesty,  do  better 
describe  him. 

Your  Majesty's  most  humble,  and  faithful  vassal, 

H.  Wotton. 

419.    To  John  Dynely. 

Beliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  325.  '  To  my  dear  Dynely.'  The  first  of  sixteen  letters 
to  John  Dynely  (see  Appendix  III)  all  printed  in  the  third  edition  of 
the  Reliquiae.    A  foreigner  at  Eton  ;  delay  in  Wotton's  ordination. 

From  the  College,  this  10th  of  July,  1627. 

S.  P.      'Os  rj^LCFTa. 

Pauca  meo  Gallo,  sed  quae  legat  ipsa  Licoris.'1 
It  were  an  injury  to  use  a  cipher  by  a  friend  so  warmly  and  so 
justly  commended  hither  by  you,  nay  almost,  to  write  a  letter  ;  but 
that  I  am  tender  to  trouble  him  and  lade  him  with  our  privacies. 

Of  himself,  first  let  me  say  thus  much,  that  I  think  surely  he  is 
the  fittest  stranger  that  could  have  been  chosen  to  overcome,  among 

1  Homingsheath,  now  called  Horringer. 

2  Virg.,  Ec.  x,  2. 


TO  JOHN    DYNBLY  800 

our  academics,  the  envy  of  a  stranger.  For  he  hath  a  fair  carriage 
and  very  discreet  temper,  and  by  the  prompt  use  of  our  language  is 
almost  naturalized  already.  And  I  cast  no  doubt  of  the  inward 
furniture,  per  quel  gusto  saporito  that  we  have  taken  in  a  short 
conversation  with  him  :  wherein,  you  that  procured  us  the  benefit 
of  his  company,  must  answer  for  the  poorness  of  his  entertain- 
ment. 

Now,  for  myself,  I  have  not  yet  entered  into  the  iirst  order  of  the 
Church,  by  a  strange  accident,  upon  which  there  lies  likewise  some 
civil  note.  The  Bishop  of  Lincolne  (sometimes  Lord  Keeper)  is  the 
prelate  from  whom  I  resolved  to  take  it ;  not  for  any  personal 
respect,  but  because  he  is  our  diocesan,  and  visitor  at  this  College, 
and  to  whom  I  acknowledge  a  kind  of  homage  for  the  place  I  hold, 
Which  fell  into  his  disposing  formally  by  lapse.  This  Bishop  (you 
must  know)  on  this  very  day  sevennight,  came  to  London  about  ten 
of  the  clock  in  the  morning,  to  perform  an  election  of  the  scholars 
at  Westminster  (whereof  he  is  Dean)  usual  at  this  time  of  the  year, 
as  with  us.  In  the  evening  of  that  day,  Sir  John  Cooke l,  secretary, 
visits  him,  with  command  from  his  Majesty  to  be  presently  gone.- 
What  questions  thereupon  passed  between  them  upon  such  a  sur- 
prise I  omit.  Basta.  He  went  away  the  next  morning  at  eight  of 
the  clock  ;  and  so  I  am  put  upon  another  means,  which  before  my 
next  unto  you  will  be  done.  For  I  abound  in  choice,  but  I  am 
a  little  curious3,  and  I  will  tell  you  hereafter  the  reasons  of  my 
curiosity.  You  will  note  (as  I  touched  before)  upon  this,  that  the 
Duke's  power  is  great  even  in  his  absence,4  and  that  he  hath  in 
Court  very  vigilant  instruments,  both  spiritual  and  temporal.  I  want 
time  to  explain  myself ;  but  it  shall  follow. 

Of  the  present  voyage  let  me  venture  to  say  a  little.  I  am  afraid 
we  shall  unite  all  France,  if  it  be  thither  ;  yet  the  provisions  are  fair, 
and  the  Duke  resolved,  and  he  is  departed,  with  the  soldier (s),  and 
from  the  coast,  as  beloved  a  man,  and  with  as  many  acclamations 
there,  as  imprecations  within  the  land.  Such  a  floating  thing  is  the 
vulgar.     Of  this  more  at  leisure. 

Tuus, 
H.  Wotton. 

sir  John  Coke  ^1563-1644    who  succeeded  Sir  Albertus  Morton  as  one  of  the 
principal  secretaries  of  state. 

a  John  Williams,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  was  dismissed  from  his  office  of  Lord 
Keeper  in  1625,  and  was  now  in  disgrace. 

'  I  urious,'  i.  e.  particular  about  manner  of  action.     Obs.       N.  E.  D.) 
4  On  June  27,  1627,  Buckingham  sailed  in  command  of  the  fleet  to  attack  the 
island  of  Rhe.     Wotton  describes  this  unfortunate  expedition  in  his  Life  and 
■h  of  Buckingham,     (fteliq.,  3rd  ed..  pp.  226-8.^ 


304  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 


420.    To  Charles  I. 

Beliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  384,  3rd  ed.,  p.  327,  unsigned.    Wotton's  reasons  for  taking 

orders.     Undated. 

<1627.) 

My  most  dear  and  dread  Sovereign, 

As  I  gave  your  Majesty  foreknowledge  of  my  intention  to  enter 
into  the  Church,  and  had  your  gracious  approvement  therein,  so 
I  hold  it  a  second  duty  to  your  Majesty,  and  satisfaction  to  myself, 
to  inform  you  likewise  by  mine  own  hand,  both  how  far  I  have 
proceeded,  and  upon  what  motives ;  that  it  may  appear  unto  your 
Majesty  (as  I  hope  it  will)  an  act  of  conscience  and  of  reason,  and 
not  of  greediness  and  ambition.  Your  Majesty  will  be  therefore 
pleased  to  know  that  I  have  lately  taken  the  degree  of  deacon ;  and 
so  far  am  I  from  aiming  at  any  high  flight,  out  of  my  former  sphere, 
that  there  I  intend  to  rest.  Perhaps  I  want  not  some  persuaders, 
that  measuring  me  by  their  affections,  or  by  your  Majesty's  goodness, 
and  not  by  mine  own  defects  or  ends,  would  make  me  think  that 
yet  before  I  die,  I  might  become  a  great  prelate.  And  I  need  no 
persuasion  to  tell  me,  that  if  I  would  undertake  the  pastoral 
function,  I  could  peradventure  by  casualty,  out  of  the  patronages 
belonging  to  your  royal  College,  without  further  troubling  of  your 
Majesty,  cast  some  good  benefice  upon  myself ;  whereof  we  have  one, 
if  it  were  vacant,  that  is  worth  more  than  my  provostship.1 

But  as  they  were  strucken  with  horror,  who  beheld  the  majesty 
of  the  Lord  descending  upon  the  Mount  Sinai,  so,  God  knows,  the 
nearer  I  approach  to  contemplate  His  greatness,  the  more  I  tremble 
to  assume  any  cure  of  souls  even  in  the  lowest  degree,  that  were 
bought  at  so  high  a  price.  Preniant  torcular  qui  vindemiarunt 2 :  let 
them  press  the  grapes,  and  fill  the  vessels,  and  taste  the  wine,  that 
have  gathered  the  vintage.  But  shall  I  sit  and  do  nothing  in  the 
porch  of  God's  House,  whereinto  I  am  entered  ?  God  Himself  forbid, 
who  was  the  supreme  mover.  What  service  then  do  I  propound  to 
the  Church  ?     Or  what  contentment  to  mine  own  mind  ?     First,  for 

1  Probably  the  living  of  Petworth,  severed  from  the  Manor  of  Petworth  at  the 
attainder  of  the  Earl  of  Northumberland,  after  the  battle  of  Shrewsbury,  and 
included  by  Henry  VI  in  his  endowment  of  Eton  College.  In  1693  the  Duke 
of  Somerset  obtained  it  from  the  College,  in  exchange  for  the  livings  of  Farnham 
Royal,  Clewer,  and  Worplesdon.  On  Sept.  1,  1635,  Garrard  wrote  to  Wentvvorth 
that  Richard  Montagu,  Bishop  of  Chichester,  who  held  the  living  of  Petworth, 
wished  to  succeed  Richard  Corbet,  Bishop  of  Norwich,  '  so  he  could  get  a  son- 
in-law  of  his  into  the  parsonage  of  Petworth,  it  being  worth  £600  a  year,  and  in 
the  gift  of  the  College  of  Eton  ;  but  Sir  Henry  Wotton  hath  a  great  mind  to  the 
parsonage.'     {Strafford  Pp.,  i,  p.  462.) 

2  '  Et  quasi  qui  vindemiat,  replevi  torcular.'     (Ecclesiasticus  xxxiii,  17.) 


TO   CHARLES    I  305 

the  point  of  conscience,  I  can  now  hold  my  place  canonically,  which 
I  held  before  but  dispensativelv  ;  And  withal  I  can  exercise  an 
archidiaconal  authority '  annexed  thereunto,  though  of  small  extent, 
and  no  benefit,  yet  sometimes  of  pious  and  necessary  use.  I  comfort 
myself  also  with  this  Christian  hope,  that  gentlemen  and  knights' 
sons,  who  are  trained  up  with  us  in  a  seminary  of  Churchmen  (which 
was  the  will  of  the  holy  Founder),  will  by  my  example  (without 
vanity  be  it  spoken)  not  be  ashamed,  after  the  sight  of  courtly  weeds, 
to  put  on  a  surplice. 

Lastly,  I  consider  that  this  resolution  which  I  have  taken  is  not 
unsuitable  even  to  my  civil  employments  abroad,  of  which  for  the  most 
part  Religion  was  the  subject ;  nor  to  my  observations,  which  have 
been  spent  that  way  in  discovery  of  the  Roman  arts  and  practices, 
whereof  I  hope  to  yield  the  world  some  account,  though  rather  by 
my  pen  than  by  my  voice.  For  though  I  must  humbly  confess  that 
both  my  conceptions  and  expressions  be  weak,  yet  I  do  more  trust 
my  deliberation  than  my  memory.  Or  if  your  Majesty  will  give  me 
leave  to  paint  myself  in  higher  terms,  I  think  I  shall  be  bolder 
against  the  judgements  than  against  the  faces  of  men.  This  I  con- 
ceive to  be  a  piece  of  mine  own  character ;  so  as  my  private  study 
must  be  my  theatre  rather  than  a  pulpit,  and  my  books  my  auditors, 
as  they  are  all  my  treasure.  Howsoever,  if  I  can  produce  nothing 
else  for  the  use  of  Church  and  State,  yet  it  shall  be  comfort  enough 
to  the  little  remnant  of  my  life  to  compose  some  hymns2  unto  His 
endless  glory,  who  hath  called  me  (for  which  His  name  be  ever 
blessed),  though  late,  to  His  service,  yet  early  to  the  knowledge  of  His 
truth  and  sense  of  His  mercy.  To  which  ever  commending  your 
Majesty  and  your  royal  actions,  with  most  hearty  and  humble 
prayers,  I  rest. 

Your  Majesty's  most  devoted  poor  servant. 


1  Almost  immediately  after  the  foundation  of  the  College  Eton  was  exempted 
from  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Archdeacon  of  Bucks,  paying  £1  2s.  lid.  to  the 
Archdeacon  for  this  privilege.  'It  may  be  noticed  as  an  instance  of  the  con- 
tinuity of  ecclesiastical  institutions  in  England,  that  the  money  is  still  paid  to 
the  Archdeacon  year  after  year.  The  Provost  exercises  archidiaconal  jurisdiction 
over  the  whole  parish  of  Eton,  and  it  is  perhaps  on  this  account  that  he  and  his 
predecessors  have  been  considered  entitled  to  a  seat  in  the  lower  house  of  the 
Convocation  of  the  Province  of  Canterbury.'     (Maxicell-Lyte,  p.  19.) 

3  Three  hymns  remain  of  Wotton's  composition.      (1)  A  hymn  priuted  by 
Izaak  Walton  in  the  first  edition  of  the  Reliquiae,  p.  529,  and  there  described 
'This  hymn  was  made  by  Sir  H.  Wotton,  when  he  was  ambassador  at  Venico, 
in  the  time  of  a  great  sickness  there.'       Possibly  in  1609,  see  ante,  i,  p.  4">J  n. 
(2)  'A  translation  of  the  civ  Psalm  to  the  original  state.'    {Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p. 

A  Hymn  to  my  God,  in  a  night  of  my  late  sickness.'     Sent  with  letter  to 
1/  iak  Walton  of  Feb.    ?  1638.    (Printed  Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  515  ;  see  below,  p.  376.) 


306  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


421.     To  Sir  Thomas  Wentworth,  Bart. 

Strafford  Pp.,  i,  p.  45.  Wotton  sends  Wentworth  (Earl  of  Strafford, 
1640)  a  book  on  fish-ponds,  asks  for  news  of  Parliament,  and  invites 
him  to  Eton. 

From  the  College,  Apr.  8,  1628. 

Noble  Sir, 

Promises  are  to  be  kept  even  to  adversaries,  then  much  more 
to  friends,  and  most  to  such  a  friend  as  I  am  now  saluting ;  nay,  it 
will  abide  yet  another  gradation,  that  they  are  to  be  performed  though 
at  an  unseasonable  time.  I  did  promise  you,  when  we  were  last 
merry  together  at  Medley's1,  a  piece  of  rural  philosophy,  Dubravius2 
his  book  de  Piscinis  ;  which  I  now  send  you,  having  borrowed  it  of 
Mr.  Hales3,  one  of  our  bursars.  And  therefore  when  you  have 
perused  it  at  full  pleasure,  I  shall  desire  it  again.  One  thing  will 
appear  perchance  strange  unto  you,  that  a  Bohemian  gentleman  therein 
named  should  in  one  year  gather  Duodecies  Sestertium  out  of  his 
ponds,  which,  resolved  into  our  money,  I  take  to  be  about  6,000 
pounds  sterling ;  and  that,  for  ought  I  conceive,  only  by  carp  and 
pike — for  so  I  understand  his  Cyprinos  and  his  Lucios.  True  it  is, 
that  Bohemia  and  Moravia  are  the  most  mediterranean  countries  of 
Christendom,  and  their  farness  from  sea  hath  taught  them  the 
skill  of  nurturing  land-fish  to  an  incredible  increase  ;  insomuch  that 
they  will  tell  you  that  an  acre  of  pool  there  is  more  worth  than  an 
acre  of  saffron  in  Austria — who  yet  say,  they  have  the  best  of  the 
world.     But  enough  of  this  subject. 

Sorry  I  am  not  to  be  at  London,  when  my  noblest  friends  are 
there.  And  yet  what  should  I,  that  am  of  so  small  influence,  do  at 
those  great  conjunctions  ?  We  poor  cloistered  men  are  best  in  our 
own  cells  ;  quae  dam  plantae,  saith  Pliny,  gaudent  umbra4.  Yet  there 
do  still  hang,  I  know  not  how,  upon  me,  some  relics  of  an  hearkening 
humour;    and  if  I  could,  in  a  line  or  two,  be  favoured  with  your 

1  Medley's,  a  fashionable  eating-house,  or  'ordinary  ',  in  Milford  Lane.  (('.  &  T. 
James  J,  ii,  p.  403).     See  Ben  Jonson,  Staple  o/Xeios,  Prologue  : — 

Alas  !  what  is  it  to  his  scene  to  know 
How  many  coaches  in  Hyde  Park  did  show 
Last  Spring  ;   what  fare  to-day  at  Medley's  was  ; 
If  Dunstan  or  the  Phoenix  best  wine  has? 

2  John  Dubraw,  or  Dubrawski  (died  1553),  the  historian  of  Bohemia.  His  De 
Piscinis  was  published  at  Zurich  in  1557.  Izaac  Walton  quotes  from  Dubravius 
in  the  Compleat  Angler  (Part  I,  chap,  viii),  an  English  translation  of  which  was 
published  by  George  Churchey  in  1599. 

3  The  'ever-memorable'  John  Hales  (1581-1656),  Fellow  of  Eton  College 
1613-49. 

4  'Unibraque  gaudent  et  aqua  ac  fimo.'     Nat.  Hist.  xxi.  35. 


TO  SIR  THOMAS   WENTWORTH,  BAHI 

judgement  of  the  event  of  this  Parliament  \  I  should  think  myself 
better  resolved  than  if  I  had  gone  to  ask  that  question  at  Delphos ; 
though  I  could  rather  wish  this  turned  into  a  greater  favour,  and 
that  my  ever-honoured  Lord  Clifforde2,  yourself,  and  Sir  Gervase 
Clifton '—that  is,  the  Medley  Triplicity— would  at  some  of  your 
playing  and  breathing  days,  take  in  some  of  this  fresh  air.  A  little 
interposing  of  philosophical  diet  may  perchance  somewhat  lighten  the 
spirits  of  men  overcharged  with  public  thoughts,  and  prevent  a  surfeit 
of  state.  In  the  meanwhile,  the  next  time  you  see  the  last  of  the 
three  above-named,  I  pray  tell  him  that  when  he  sent  his  son  * 
hither  he  honoured,  and  when  he  took  him  away  he  wounded  us. 
For  in  this  Royal  Seminary  we  are  in  one  thing,  and  only  in  one, 
like  the  Jesuits,  that  we  all  joy  when  we  get  a  spirit  upon  whom 
much  may  be  built.  Sir,  I  have  usurped  upon  too  great  a  part  of 
your  time.  Pardon  me  this  light  diversion,  continue  to  love  me, 
and  God's  love  be  with  us  all. 

Your  ever  vowed  poor  friend  and  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

422.    To  Sir  Gervase  Clifton  (?). 

Beliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  499  ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  373.  Without  date  or  address,  but  plainly 
written  at  about  the  same  time  as  the  above  letter  to  Wentworth,  and 
probably  addressed  to  Sir  Gervase  Clifton. 

(Eton  College,  April  8,  l«2Bt) 

Sir, 

Although  I  am  now  a  retired  and  cloistered  man,  yet  there  do 
still  hang  upon  me,  I  know  not  how,  some  relics  of  an  hearkening 
humour. 

The  easiest  way  for  you  to  quench  this  appetite  in  your  poor 
friend  is  to  empty  yourself  into  my  servant,  whom  I  send  to  salute 
you,  and  to  know  two  things. 

First,  whether  you  be  of  the  Parliament  yourself?  Next,  whether 
I  should  be  sorry  that  I  am  not  of  it  ?  You  can  by  this  time  resolve 
me  of  both.  We  are  here  only  fed  with  certain  airs  of  good  hope, 
chamelion's  food. 

More  I  will  not  say  now ;  and  you  see  by  this  little  how  tender 
I  am  to  usurp  upon  your  time.     Yet  before  I  end  let  me  ask  a  third 

1  The  Parliament  of  1628,  which  met  on  March  17,  passed  the  Petition  of 
Right,  the  Remonstrance  attacking  Buckingham,  and  was  prorogued  on  Jun 
Iner,  vi,  p.  325.) 

•  Henry  Lord  Clifford  (1591-1643),  fifth  Earl  of  Cumberland. 
sir  Gervase  Clifton  ;  see  Appendix  III. 

*  In  1629  Sir  Gervase  Clifton's  son  was  sent  to  France  with  Hobbes  as  his 
tutor.     (Aubrey's  Lives,  edited  by  Clark,  1898,  i,  p.  396.) 

X  2 


308  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

question :  have  you  no  playing  and]  breathing  days  ?  If  you  be  of 
the  House,  might  you  not  start  hither  for  a  night  or  two?  The 
interposing  of  a  little  philosophical  diet  may,  perchance,  lighten 
a  man's  spirits,  surcharged  with  public  thoughts,  and  prevent  a  surfeit 
of  state.  Howsoever,  hold  me  fast  in  your  love  :  and  God's  mercy 
be  where  you  are. 

Your  poor  friend  and  servant, 
alia  sviscerata. 
Henry  Wotton. 

423.     To  John  Dynely. 

Beliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  557.  '  To  my  most  dear  and  worthy  friend,  Mr.  John 
Dynely,  at  the  Hague.'  Dynely  was  now  tutor  to  the  eldest  son  of  the 
Queen  of  Bohemia ;  Wotton  sends  a  message  to  the  Queen  about  the 
Eton  elections  ;  writes  of  Dynely's  nephew  at  Eton,  &c. 

From  the  College  at  midnight, 
the  12  of  August,  1628. 

My  ever  most  dear  Jack  Dinely, 

The  Queen's  last  letter  (wherewith  her  Majesty  did  too  much 
honour  me),  coming  when  my  voices  of  any  value  were  no  more  in 
mine  own  power,  was  nearer  a  torment  than  a  surprisal.  It  shall 
teach  me  to  reserve  myself,  as  wiser  men  do,  for  such  supervenient 
temptations,  I  must  confess,  above  all  strength,  if  the  least  possibility 
had  been  left.  It  is  true,  I  could  have  given  him  a  latter  place  ; 
but  in  that  I  should  have  disgraced  the  suitor  ;  and  disrespected  the 
commander.  I  have  therefore  rather  chosen  to  put  him  in  the 
vanguard  the  next  year,  being  the  son  of  a  soldier,  than  now  in  the 
rear.1  And  this  is  the  sum  of  my  humble  answer  to  her  Majesty, 
though  in  other  terms. 

Your  Anthony  2  (who  is  my  guest  every  Saturday  night)  is  well 
grown  in  stature,  and  more  in  knowledge.  I  verily  believe  he  will 
prove  both  a  wise  and  learned  man,  and  certainly  good.  We  have 
passed  over  quocwique  modo  the  most  troublesome  election  that 
I  think  was  here  ever  seen.  Wherein,  according  to  my  usual 
fashion,  I  have  lost  four  or  five  friends,  and  yet,  I  thank  God,  not 
gotten  the  value  of  one  Harrington ;  :  so  as  they  are  angry  at  me  on 
the  one  side,  and  they  laugh  at  me  on  the  other.  If  my  most  gracious 
mistress  will,  in  her  goodness,  be  pleased  to  drown  her  displeasure  till 

1  The  Queen  had  evidently  written  recommending  a  boy  for  an  Eton  scholar- 
ship, probably  the  son  of  Sir  George  Knevett.  placed  by  Wotton  at  the  head  of 
the  list  at  the  election  in  the  following  year. 

2  Anthony  Dynely,  John  Dvnely's  nephew,  then  a  boy  at  Eton ;  see  below, 
pp.  311,  326. 

3  '  Harrington/  a  brass  farthing  token,  coined  by  John  Lord  Harington  under 
a  patent  granted  him  by  James  I  in  1613.     Obs.     {N.  E.  D.) 


TO  JOHN   DYNELY 

the  next  turn,  I  shall  cheerfully  in  the  meantime  bear  the  weight  of 
mine  own  simplicity. 

I  have  gotten,  with  much  ado,  some  of  the  Psalms  translated  by 
my  late  most  blessed  master1  for  the  young  Prince  of  Bohemia  ■ 
(which  is  one  of  your  memorials  that  have  slept  too  long  by  me),  and 
I  have  ransacked  mine  own  poor  papers  for  some  entertainment  for 
the  Queen,  which  shall  be  sent  together ;  though  it  be  now 
a  misery  to  revisit  the  fancies  of  my  youth,  which  my  judgement 
tells  me  are  all  too  green,  and  my  glass  tells  me  that  myselt  .tin 
gray.  Till  my  next,  let  me  trouble  you  no  farther.  The  love  of  God 
be  with  us,  and  we  are  well. 

Your  poor  true  friend, 

Henry  Wottox. 

I  hear  that  one  hath  offered  to  the  Prince  of  Orange  an  invention 
of  discoursing  at  a  great  distance  by  lights.     Is  it  true  ? 

A  noble  lady,  who  is  desirous  to  bestow  her  son  at  Leyden,  would 
fain  be  first  informed  what  commodity  for  education  the  place  doth 
yield,  wherein  you  shall  do  me  and  her  a  great  favour. 

424.    To  Lord  Weston. 

lU'Hq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  561.  'Part  of  a  letter  to  the  Lord  Treasurer,  Earl  of 
Portland  (ut  videtur).'  Sir  Richard  Weston  (1577-1635),  Lord  Weston 
1628,  was  appointed  Lord  Treasurer  in  July,  1628,  and  the  following 
undated  letter  of  congratulation  was  probably  written  during  Wotton's 
illness  in  1628,  mentioned  in  the  next  letter. 

(Sept.  (?)  1628.) 

This  is  the  reckoning  of  my  unpleasant  time,  whereby  your  Lord- 
ship sees  that  my  silence  hath  been  a  symptom  (as  I  may  term  it) 
of  my  infirmity,  from  all  outward  respects  and  duties,  contracting  my 
thoughts  about  myself.  But  can  that  serve  my  turn  ?  No,  in  troth, 
my  good  Lord,  for  I  should,  while  myself  was  in  contemplation,  have 
remembered  that  I  was  bound  to  congratulate  with  your  Lordship 
even  for  mine  own  sake,  especially  when  I  found  by  the  long  use  of 
two  or  three  physicians,  the  exhaustion  of  my  purse  as  great  as  other 
evacuations.  It  would  breed  wrinkles  in  my  face  if  I  should  stay 
any  longer  upon  this  point.  I  will  cheer  myself  that  your  Lordship 
did  love  me,  even  before  I  was  so  worthy  of  your  compassion.  I  have 
tasted  the  benefit  of  your  discourse,  I  have  enjoyed  your  hospitality, 
I  have  been  by  your  favour  one  of  your  familiar  guests,  I  have  had 

1  The  Psahnes  of  King  David  translated  by  King  James,  printed  1681.  These  Irani 
lations  of  the  Psalms  into  English,  though  attributed  to  Janus  L  wore  almost  ill 
made  by  William  Alexander,  Earl  of  Sterling.     (D.  N.  £.,  i,  p.  S7& 

■  Prince  Henry  Frederick,  eldest  son  of  the  King  of  Bohemia.    ^A>< 


310  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

leave  to  interchange  some  good  tales  and  stories  in  your  company, 
and  to  exercise  my  natural  freedom.  Besides,  we  have  been  con- 
joined in  a  serious  business 1,  wherein  I  do  even  yet  hope  for  some 
good  by  your  means.  So  as  I  have  had  in  your  Lordship  the  interests 
both  of  earnest  and  of  pleasant  conversation,  which  gives  me  the 
boldness  to  assure  myself  that  I  am  still  not  only  within  your  Lord- 
ship's remembrance,  but  likewise  within  your  loving  care. 

But  I  dig  in  a  rock  of  diamonds. 

425.    To  John  Dynely. 

Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  559.  '  To  my  very  worthy  and  ever  dear  friend,  Mr.  John 
Dynely,  at  the  Hague.1  Dynely  had  hopes  of  a  piece  of  preferment,  the 
reversion  to  the  place  of  one  of  the  Six  Clerks  in  Chancery ;  the  Queen 
of  Bohemia  had  written  in  his  favour,  and  Wotton  advises  him  to  get 
the  Queen  to  write  to  Lord  Weston  and  Lord  Conway. 

From  London,  ready  to  return  to  my  College 
at  Eton,  this  13  of  Nov.,  1628. 

My  ever  dear  Jack  Dinely, 

Your  last  of  the  6th  of  October  were  welcome,  beyond  all 
expression,  intimating  a  hope  that  I  shall  see  yourself  shortly  ; 
which  will  be  mille  epistolae.  I  do  not  see  how  you  can  fail  of  the 
thing  whereof  you  write,  if  you  come  quickly.  The  letter  in  your 
behalf  from  our  royal  mistress  to  his  Majesty  here  is  too  faint, 
being  moulded  in  your  own  modesty ;  therefore,  I  have  a  little 
invaded  it,  with  some  violence  unto  you.  When  you  consult  with 
me  about  the  personage  that  should  first,  or  second,  or  tertiate  your 
business  with  the  King,  I  must  answer  as  Demosthenes  did  of 
action  :  my  Lord  Treasurer2-,  my  Lord  Treasurer,  and  so  again.  We 
contemplate  him,  not  only  in  the  quality  of  his  place,  but  already  in 
some  degree  of  a  privado8;  and  even  the  fresh  introducement  of 
Sir  F.  Cottington 4  to  the  council  table  is  no  small  argument  of  his 
strength,  though  otherwise  a  subject  of  merit. 

I  hear  likewise  that  his  own  foreign  employments  have  given  him 
a  great  taste  of  things  abroad  ;  so  as  you  will  not  find  him  incurious 
to  discourse  with  you.  And  I  verily  believe  that  he  will  take  an 
address  of  you  from  the  Queen  unto  him,  as  the  principal  personage, 
to  the  heart ;  wherein,  methinks,  it  were  fit  and  proper  that  her 
Majesty  would  be  pleased  likewise  to  favour  you  with  some  lines  to 

1  In  1620,  when  Wotton,  Weston,  and  Conway  were  sent  out  by  James  I  to 
pacify  Europe  and  avert  the  Thirty  Years'  War.     (Ante,  i,  p.  169.) 

2  Lord  Weston.  s  '  Privado,'  a  favourite  {Fennel). 

4  Sir  Francis  Cottington  (1578  ?-1652),  Privy  Councillor  1628,  Lord  Cottington 
1631,  died  a  Catholic  exile  in  Spain.     (Z>.  N.  B.) 


TO  JOHN   DYNELY  311 

my  Lord  Conaway  *,  because  they  were  joined  in  ambassage  unto 
her  at  Prage.  This  is  all  that  I  shall  need  to  say,  till  your  own 
coming.  Your  little  Anthony  ■  prospers  extremely  well ;  and  I  dare 
now  say  he  will  prove  a  good  scholar.  And  so  being  in  truth  in  no 
very  cheerful  disposition  at  the  present,  but  newly  come  out  of  two 
or  three  fits  of  an  ague,  I  will  trouble  neither  of  us  both  any  further : 
ever  resting. 

Your  poor  professed  friend, 

Henry  Wotton. 

If  the  Queen  have  not  heard  the  epitaph  of  Albert  us  Morton  and 
his  lady,  it  is  worth  her  hearing  for  the  passionate  plainness : 

He  first  deceas'd.     She  for  a  little  tried 
To  live  without  him :  lik'd  it  not  and  died.3 

Authoris  Inccrti. 

Postscript. — In  a  letter  under  this  date  to  her  Majesty  I  conclude 
with  a  supplication,  that  she  will  be  pleased  to  receive  a  page,  at  the 
joint  suit  of  the  House  of  Bacons,  a  boy 4  of  singular  spirits,  without 
aggravation  of  her  charge  ;  for  he  shall  want  no  means  to  maintain 
himself  in  good  fashion  about  so  royal  a  mistress.  I  pray  heartily 
further  this  motion,  and  be  in  it  yourself  nuncius  laetitiarum. 

426.    To  the  Queen  op  Bohemia. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  151 ;  Beliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  442.  '  The  beginning  is  wanting  ' 
(note  in  Beliq.).  Wotton  asks  that  Francis  Bacon  might  become  one  of 
the  Queen's  pages.  No  date,  but  evidently  the  letter  referred  to  in  the 
hist. 

(London,  Nov.  13,  1628.) 

Yet  my  mind  and  my  spirits  give  me,  against  all  the  com- 
bustions of  the  world,  that  before  I  die  I  shall  kiss  again  your 
royal  hand,  in  as  merry  an  hour  as  when  I  last  had  the  honour  to 
wait  upon  your  gracious  eyes  at  Heidelberge/' 

I  will  now  take  the  boldness  to  conclude  my  poor  lines  with 
a  private  and  humble  suit  unto  your  Majesty,  which  I  bring  with 

1  Sir  Edward  Conway  (died  1631),  Secretary  of  State  1623-30.  Created  Viscount 
Conway  in  1627.  (D.  N.  B.)  In  1620  Conway  and  Weston  were  sent  together  on 
nn  embassy  to  the  King  of  Bohemia  at  Prague  (see  ante,  i,  p.  169). 

2  Anthony  Dynely,  ante,  ii,  p.  308. 

3  This  epitapli  is  published  in  the  first  edition  of  the  Reliquiae  with  the 
signature  '  H.  Wotton ',  and  there  is  little  doubt  that  Wotton  was  the  author, 
though  the  reserve  he  affects  about  his  writings,  especially  his  poems,  kept  him 
from  claiming  it  as  his  own. 

4  Francis  Bacon,  son  of  Sir  Robert  Bacon,  brother  and  successor  of  Sir  Edmund 
Bacon.  Francis  Bacon  became  a  page  to  the  Queen  of  Bohemia,  took  military 
lervice  under  the  Prince  of  Orange,  and  died  not  long  after. 

5  In  1616,  ante,  i,  p.  145 ;  ii,  pp.  88-91. 


312  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

me  out  of  Suffolk,  from  Sir  Edmund  Bacon's  house  and  that  whole 
family ;  among  whom  your  Majesty's  name  and  virtue  are  in 
singular  admiration. 

There  is  of  that  house  a  young  plant  of  some  sixteen  years,  well 
natured,  and  well  moulded  both  for  face  and  limbs,  and  one  of  the 
bravest-spirited  boys  in  Christendom.  It  is  their  joint  ambition, 
and  they  have  made  me  their  intercessor,  that  your  Majesty  would 
be  pleased  to  take  him  for  one  of  your  pages.  They  want  not  means 
otherways  to  bestow  him,  but  their  zeal  towards  your  Majesty,  and 
their  judgements  guide  them  to  this  humble  desire,  for  his  most 
virtuous  and  noble  nurture.  And  lest  the  ordinary  number  of  your 
Majesty's  attendants  in  that  kind,  being  perhaps  full,  might  retard 
their  hope  of  this  high  favour,  I  have  commission  to  assure  your 
Majesty  that  their  meaning  is  not  to  aggravate  your  charge  ;  for  he 
shall  have  yearly  a  competent  provision  allowed  to  maintain  him  in 
good  fashion.  If  my  niece  Bacon,  of  dearest  memory,  were  alive 
(whom  God  took,  not  long  after  my  nephew  Albertus,  into  his 
eternal  bliss),  I  am  sure  she  would  join  in  this  suit  unto  your 
Majesty,  that  all  sexes  might  enter  into  the  obligation.  But  it  is 
your  Majesty's  own  goodness  from  which  only  we  can  hope  for 
a  favourable  answer.  And  so  with  all  our  prayers,  and  with  my 
particular  obliged  devotion,  I  most  humbly  commit  your  Majesty  to 
God's  reserved  blessings,  and  continual  love,  ever  resting. 
Your  Majesty's  poor  servant, 

In  all  truth  and  zeal, 

Henry  Wotton. 

427.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  49  ;  Keliq..  3rd  ed.,  p.  440.     Marriage  of  Wotton's  niece.  &c. 

From  the  College,  the  14th  of  Decemb.,  1628. 
Sir, 

I  have  received  from  London  the  favourable  lines  wherewith 
you  honoured  me,  then  near  your  departure  ;  which  you  have  some- 
what allayed  with  the  promise  of  your  return  at  the  beginning  of 
the  next  term,  which  consorteth  well  with  a  change  of  my  purpose 
to  Christmas  in  Kent,  born  in  me  as  I  was  reading  your  letter.  For 
what  should  I  do  there  in  such   haste   after  the  nuptials1,  when 

1  Catherine,  daughter  of  Thomas  Lord  Wotton,  married  Dec.  4, 1628  Lord  Stan- 
hope, son  of  the  first  and  father  of  the  second  Earl  of  Chesterfield.  Lord  Stanhope 
died  in  1634,  and  his  wife,  after  refusing  Van  Dyck,  married  John  Polyander 
a  Kerckoven.  She  was  governess  to  Mary,  Princess  Royal,  daughter  of  Charles  I, 
and  accompanied  the  Princess  to  Holland  when  she  married  the  Prince  of 
Orange.     In  1651  Catherine  Kerckoven  was  arrested  for  complicity  in  a  royalist 


TO   SIR  EDMUND   BACON  313 

I  shall  come  so  as  well  in  Lent  ?  Much  ado  there  hath  been  toward* 
the  point  of  conclusion,  like  that  aphorism  of  Hippocrates,  Nox 
unif  <  rishi  est  molestissiniit.  Loves  being  in  this  like  fevers,  as  well 
as  in  the  rest ;  for  one  definition  will  serve  them  both,  O&fik 
*Mo. 

Jack  Dinely  is  not  yet  arrived,  but  we  expect  him  daily,  as 
messenger  from  the  Queen  his  mistress  of  her  late  happy  delivery  \ 
after  a  foul  report  that  had  been  maliciously  thrown  albroad  of  her 
miscarriage  by  a  fall.  The  doctor  likewise  as  yet  hath  given  me  no 
answer ;  but  I  will  quicken  him,  and  put  life,  I  hope,  into  the 
business. 

Now,  let  me  tell  you,  that  the  noble  Sir  Gervase  Clifton  (as  in 
good  faith  he  is  in  ipsis  visceribns)  hath  been  lately  here  with  us,  at 
a  time  when  he  hath  been  content  to  be  entertained  with  the 
pastimes  of  children  ;  a  Latin  and  a  Greek  Hyppolitus.  How  often 
you  were  remembered  between  us  is  harder  for  me  to  tell  you  than, 
1  hope,  for  you  to  believe.  Among  other  discourse,  he  showed  me 
a  little  excrescence  that  he  hath  beginning  upon  the  uttermost  ball 
of  his  eyes,  a  filmy  matter,  like  the  rudiment  of  a  pin  and  web,  as 
they  call  it.  Whereupon  fell  into  my  memory  a  secret  that 
Mr.  Bohan  had  told  me  his  mother  knew,  how  to  take  away  that 
evil  in  growth,  and  perchance  much  more  in  the  infancy,  with 
a  medicine  applied  only  to  the  wrists.  And  I  have  heard  yourself 
likewise  speak  of  a  rare  thing  for  that  part.  I  beseech  you,  Sir,  be 
pleased  with  all  possible  speed  to  entreat  that  receipt  from  Mr.  Bohan, 
to  whom  we  shall  both  be  much  beholden  for  it.  And  Sir  Gervase 
Clifton  is  already  so  possessed,  that  he  both  says  and  thinks  that 
nothing  will  cure  him  better  than  that  which  any  way  shall  come 
through  your  hand  unto  him.  No  peace  as  yet  with  either  of  the 
Kings :  the  more  wished  I  think  with  France,  the  likelier  perchance 
with  Spain.2  No  offices  disposed  in  Court,  no  favourite  but  the  Lord 
Treasurer.  More  news  in  my  next.  For  the  present,  God  keep  you 
in  bis  dear  love. 

Serridorc. 

H.  WOTTON. 

pl.»t,   ami   at   the  Restoration  was   created  Counter  of  Chesterfield   for   life. 
D.X.B.) 

1  Charlotte,  fourth  daughter  of  the  Queen  of  Bohemia  was  born  in  Dec.  ICW, 
and  died  in  1631.     (Everett-Green,  v,  pp.  469,  485.) 

Peace  with  France  was  concluded  by  the  treaty  of  Susa,  April  14,  loi'l).  with 
Spain  by  the  treaty  of  Madrid,  Nov.  5,  1630.     (Gardiner,  vii.  pp.  100,  175. N 


314  LETTERS  OF   WOTTON 


428.    To  Viscount  Wentworth. 

Strafford  Pp.,  i,  p.  48,  where  this  letter  is  dated  •  Nov.  or  Dee.  1628.'  If  this 
date  and  the  address  to  Viscount  Wentworth  are  correct,  it  must  have 
been  written  after  Dec.  10,  1628,  when  Wentworth  (created  Lord 
Wentworth,  July  22,  1628)  was  made  a  Viscount.  Wotton  sends 
Wentworth  a  present  of  a  cane. 

(December,  1628.) 
My  most  Honoured  Lord, 

I  was  coming  this  morning  to  take  my  humble  leave  of  your 
Lordship,  before  your  own  departure  and  mine,  when  I  understood 
that  you  were  at  Roehampton.  But  I  will  not  miss  my  second 
intent,  which  was  to  beg  this  favour  of  your  Lordship,  that  you  will 
take  a  poor  cane  into  your  service,  who  of  a  long  time  hath  been 
used  to  wait  upon  Privy  Councillors,  and  in  my  hands  is  quite  out 
of  countenance.1  Seriously,  my  noble  Lord,  there  is  no  man  living 
to  whom  it  doth  more  justly  appertain  than  to  your  Lordship,  by 
late  descent  from  his  love,  whose  memory  you  so  often  revive  in 
your  affectionate  discourses.  For  myself,  I  go  away  guilty  of  having 
in  this  town  ill  cultivated  your  neighbourhood,  which  yet,  beside 
a  certain  uncompletiveness 2  that  is  in  my  nature,  did  proceed  in  truth 
from  a  good  real  respect  towards  your  Lordship,  that  there  was  more 
reason  I  should  consider  the  distance  between  our  businesses  than 
our  lodgings.     Howsoever  I  am,  in  all  places, 

Your  Lordship's  at  all  commands, 

Henry  Wotton. 


429.    To  Dr.  Samuel  Ward3. 

Tanner  MS.  72,  f.  307,  holograph.     Some  difficulty  about 
Ward's  nephew  ;  Dr.  Dorislaus. 

(February  8,  1629.) 
Sir, 

I  have  received  your  letter  of  the  10th  of  December,  this  8th  of 
February  at  Eton,  which  at  the  first  reading  did  much  amaze  me, 
till  consulting  better  with  my  memorials,  I  find  your  complaint 
fallen  upon  a  strange  controversy  yet  pendant,  I  know  not  where. 
The  case  seemeth  unto  us  here  as  rare  as  it  doth  to  you,  and  perhaps 
more,  because  by  our  nearness,  both  of  place  and  interest,  we  see  it 
sub  maiori  anguJo. 

1  The  cane  had  probably  belonged  to  Edward,  first  Lord  Wotton,  who  became 
a  Privy  Councillor  in  1602,  and  died  in  1626. 

2  ?  Uncompletiveness,'  perhaps  uncompetitiveness. 

3  Samuel  Ward  (died  lt>43),  Master  of  Sidney  Sussex  College.     (I>.  N.  B.) 


TO  DR.   SAMUEL  WARD  315 

For  my  part,  I  am  yet  merely  but  intellects  pattens  in  the  whole 
business.  And  till  farther  information  I  can  say  no  more  but  this, 
that  your  brother's  son  can  receive  no  wrong  in  this  College  wfaili 
I  am  in  it.  I  will  give  you  some  farther  account  of  the  matter,  as 
I  hope,  within  little  while. 

Since  the  lingering  of  your  letter  on  the  way,  I  hear  (and  in  truth 
with  much  compassion)  that  Doctor  Dorislaus ■  is  slipped  into  some 
trouble  with  you ;  at  which  I  wonder  extremely,  being  acquainted 
with  his  discretion  and  temper.  I  will  not  espouse  his  cause, 
though  I  love  his  person,  but  I  hope  he  will  wind  out  of  it  among 
so  fair  interpreters.  If  he  be  with  you  again  when  you  receive  this 
(the  choice2  of  which  conversation  doth  increase  his  value  with 
me),  I  pray  return  unto  him  my  very  hearty  remembrance.  And  so 
I  rest. 

Your  ever  affectionate  poor  friend  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

1  was  infinitely  taken  with  your  Concio  ad  clerumz,  upon  a  bor- 
rowed perusal  of  it  from  Mr.  Hales,  and  shall  think  myself  famished 
till  I  get  a  copy  thereof  in  my  own  power. 

430.    To  Charles  I. 

ll>  /i<j.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  562.  Wotton  hears  that  he  is  to  be  appointed  to  write  the 
History  of  England,  and  asks  the  King  for  money  or  preferment  to 
•  'liable  him  to  pay  his  debts  contracted  in  the  public  service. 

Whitehall,  Feb.  12.  Styl.  vet.,  1628<9). 
May  it  please  your  most  sacred  Majesty, 

It  is  more  to  be  bound  to  your  Majesty's  judgement  than  to  be 
bound  to  your  favour.  Therefore  I  do  not  only  joy,  but  glory 
(though  still  with  humble  acknowledgement  and  feeling  what  myself 
am)  that  you  have  been  pleased  (as  I  understand  from  my  Lord  of 
Dorchester  ')  to  apply  my  pen  to  so  noble  an  end  :  being  confident 

1  Isaac  Dorislaus  (1595-1649),  appointed  by  Fulke  Greville,  Lord  Brooke,  to  his 
newly-founded  lectureship  of  history  at  Cambridge  in  1627.  At  first  Samuel 
Ward  '  extended  to  him  a  sympathy  and  hospitality  which  contrasted  strongly 
with  the  treatment  which  that  eminent  scholar  received  from  the  academic 
authorities.'  D.N.  B.  He  seems  now,  however,  to  have  fallen  into  disfavour  with 
Ward,  and  shortly  after  date  of  this  letter  he  retired  from  Cambridge.  In  1649  he 
went  to  Holland  as  special  envoy  from  the  Commonwealth,  and  was  then- 
murdered  by  royalist  assassins. 

2  'Choice'  ('choise'  in  MS.),  in  obs.  sense  of  special  value,  estimation. 
X.  E.  D.) 

■  Qratia  discriminans :  Concio  ad  clerum  habita  Ccuitabrigiae  .  .  .,  Jan.  12.  I  •>-•">. 
Londini,  1626. 

*  Sir  Dudley  Carleton  (Lord  Carleton  in  1626;  became  Viscount  Dorchester  in 

•July.  1628,  and  was  appointed  chief  secretary  of  state  on  Dec.  14, 1628.   (Gardiner, 

\  i.  i».  "572).   On  Feb.  16,  1629,  a  pension  of  £500  was  granted  Wotton,  for  which  he 

surrender  his  former  pension  of  £200  {ante,  i,  p.  117).    He  was  to  '  compose 

tin    English  History,  and  bestow  £100  upon  such  amanuensis  or  eh-rk  M  bfl 


316  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

that  the  very  care  not  to  disgrace  your  Majesty's  good  pleasure  and 
indulgent  choice  of  me  will  invigorate  my  weakness.  But  before 
I  enter  into  the  description  of  others'  actions  and  fortunes  (which 
require  a  free  spirit)  I  must  present  at  your  royal  feet,  and  even 
claim  from  your  natural  equity  and  goodness,  such  compensation 
(as  it  shall  please  you)  in  that  which  followeth. 

I  served  the  King  your  father  of  most  blessed  memory,  from  the 
time  he  sent  for  me,  at  the  beginning  of  his  reign,  out  of  France 
(retaining  then  some  gracious  remembrance  of  my  service  with  him 
in  Scotland),  twenty  years,  that  is  almost  now  a  third  part  of  my 
life,  in  ordinary  and  extraordinary  emploj^ments  abroad.  I  had 
many  comfortable  letters  of  his  contentment,  or  at  least,  of  his 
gracious  toleration  of  my  poor  endeavours,  and  I  had  under  his  own 
royal  hand  two  hopes  in  reversion.  The  first,  a  moiety  of  a  Six 
Clerk's  place  in  Chancery.  The  next,  of  the  office  of  the  Rolls  itself.1 
The  first  of  these  I  was  forced  to  yield  to  Sir  William  Beecher2, 
upon  the  late  Duke  of  Buckingham's  former  engagement  unto  him 
by  promise,  even  after  your  Majesty  had  been  pleased  to  intercede 
for  me  with  your  said  ever  blessed  father.  And  that  was  as  much 
in  value  as  my  Provostship  were  worth  at  a  market.  The  other  of 
the  reversion  of  the  Rolls  I  surrendered  to  the  said  Duke  in  the 
gallery  at  Wallingford  House,  upon  his  own  very  instant  motion 
(the  said  Duke  then  intending  it  upon  the  now  Attorney,  Sir  Robert 
Heath3),  though  with  serious  promise,  upon  his  honour,  that  he  would 
procure  me  some  equivalent  recompense,  before  any  other  should  be 
settled  in  the  place. 

The  truth  of  my  humble  claim,  and  of  his  sincere  intentions 
towards  me,  I  present  herewith  unto  your  Majesty,  in  a  letter  all 
under  his  own  hand. 

I  could  likewise  remember  unto  your  Majesty  the  losses  I  have 

sustained  abroad  by  taking  up  moneys  for  my  urgent  use  at  more 

than  twenty  in  the  hundred  ;  by  casualty  of  fire,  to  the  damage  of 

near  four  hundred  pounds  in  my  particular ; 4  by  the   raising   of 

moneys  in  Germany,  whereby  my  small  allowance  (when  I  was  sent 

to  the  Emperor's  Court)  fell  short  five  hundred  pounds,  as  Signor 

Burlamachi  too  well  knoweth  ;  and  other  ways. 

shall  employ  therein.  By  order  and  power  of  Lord  Viscount  Dorchester.' 
Docquet  Book,  ix.) 

1  The  moiety  of  a  Six  Clerk's  place  granted  Feb.,  1611  (see  ante,  i,  p.  117).  The 
reversion  of  the  Mastership  of  the  Rolls  promised  1620  (ante,  i,  p.  167). 

3  In  exchange  for  the  Provostship  of  Eton,  promised  by  Buckingham  to 
Beecher. 

3  Sir  Robert  Heath  (1575-1649),  Attorney-General  from  1625  to  1631.  In  1621 
he  was  promised  a  grant  of  the  reversion  of  the  Mastership  of  the  Rolls, 
expectant  on  the  death  of  Sir  Julius  Caesar.     (D.  N.  B.t  xxv,  p.  347.) 

*  In  1618,  see  ante,  ii,  p.  125. 


TO  CHARLES  I  813 

Now  for  all  this  (that  I  may  not  press  your  Majesty  with 
immoderate  desires)  I  most  humbly  beg  from  your  royal  equity, 
and  I  may  say,  from  your  very  compassion,  but  two  things;  first, 
that  your  Majesty  will  be  pleased,  in  disposing  of  the  Rolls1  (to 
which  I  was  assigned),  to  reserve  for  me  some  small  proportion 
towards  the  discharge  of  such  debts  as  I  contracted  in  public 
service,  yet  remaining  upon  interest.  Next,  that  you  will  bo  like- 
wise pleased  to  promise  me  the  next  good  Deanery  that  shall  be 
vacant  by  death  or  remove  :  whereof  I  also  had  a  promise  from  your 
blessed  father  then  at  Newmarket,  and  am  now  more  capable  thereof 
in  my  present  condition.  And  thus  shall  your  Majesty  restore  me 
both  to  the  freedom  of  my  thoughts  and  of  my  life,  otherwise  so 
intricated  that  I  know  not  how  to  unfold  it.  And  so  with  my 
continual  prayers  to  the  Almighty  for  his  dearest  and  largest 
blessings  upon  your  royal  person,  I  ever  rest, 

Your  Majesty's  most  faithful  poor  subject  and  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

431.    To  Sib  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.  52  ;  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  443.    The  Short  Parliament  of  1629. 

Foreign  news. 

On  the  6  of  March,  1628<9>. 

Sir. 

I  beseech  you  let  these  lines  with  as  much  affection,  though 
with  less  civility,  convey  my  good  wishes  after  you,  which  I  should 
myself  have  brought  before  your  departure. 

You  seem  to  have  left  the  town  somewhat  prophetically,  not  to  be 
near  the  noise  of  a  very  unhappy  morning  on  Monday  last 2 ;  at 
which  time  the  Parliament  assembling  again  (which  you  know  had 
been  silenced  till  that  day)  was  then  re-adjourned  by  the  King's 
special  command  till  Tuesday  next.  Whereupon  the  Lower  House 
fell  into  such  heat  (one  passion  begetting  another)  that  the  Speaker  5 
(who,  as  discharged  by  the  royal  power,  did  refuse  to  read  a  kind  of 
remonstrance  which  Sir  John  Eliott 4  had  provisionally  set  down  in 
paper)  was  forced  into  the  chair.  It  is  strange  to  consider  the 
lubricity  of  popular  favour :    for  he  that  before  during  this  whole 

1  Sir  Robert  Heath  seems  to  have  resigned  the  reversion  to  the  Rolls  at 
about  this  time,  for  in  1630  it  was  granted  to  Sir  Dudley  Digges.  (D.N.B.. 
xv.  p.  69.) 

3  Mareh  2. 

3  Sir  John  Finch  1584-1660),  Baron  Finch  of  Fordwieh  in  1640.  (D.  N.  B.) 
His  father,  Sir  Henry  Finch,  was  Sir  Henry  Wotton's  first  cousin. 

4  Sir  John  Eliot,  1592-1632  (ibid.).  This  famous  scene  is  described  in  Gardiner 
(vii,  pp.  67-76  .  On  March  10  Parliament  was  dissolved  and  did  not  meet  again 
for  eleven  years. 


318  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

session  (if  so  we  may  call  it)  and  the  former  was  so  highly  com- 
mended, and  even  in  this  very  act,  by  some  of  the  soundest  and 
soberest  of  the  House,  yet  with  the  general  body  is  so  stript  of  all 
his  credit  in  a  moment,  that  I  have  hardly  seen  in  any  chemical 
work  such  a  precipitation.  What  hath  ensued  will  be  better  told 
3tou  by  this  good  captain.  Some  think  the  Parliament  doth  yet 
hang  upon  a  thread,  and  may  be  stitched  again  together.  But  that 
is  an  airy  conceit  in  my  opinion  ;  yet  the  peace  of  Italy,  and  the 
preparations  of  France  against  us.1  are  voiced  so  strongly,  that 
I  verily  believe  we  shall  have  a  new  summons. 

The  States  of  the  Low  Provinces  have  since  their  western  great 
prize2  newly  taken  a  carrack  out  of  the  east  of  huge  value:  so  as 
their  acts  are  sub  utroque  sonantia  Phoebo? 

I  have  not  yet  sent  those  verses  to  Mrs.  Katharine  Stanhope 4,  that 
she  may  rather  have  them  in  the  second  edition.  For  the  author 
hath  licked  them  over,  and  you  shall  have  a  new  copy  sent  you  by 
the  next  carrier.  We  have  met  together  once  or  twice  since  your 
going,  loco  solito  ;  but  like  a  disjointed  company,  wanting  one  of  our 
best  pieces.     God  send  us  often  cheerfully  together  ;  and  so  I  rest, 

Your  hearty  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

When  Jack  Dinely  shall  return  out  of  Lincolnshire,  I  will  give 
you  an  account  what  I  write  by  him  to  the  Queen  of  Bohemia  about 
your  spiritous  nephew.  And  I  will  not  forget  to  rouse  the  Doctor 
at  Cambridge5  in  the  charitable  intention.  I  pray  remember  my 
service  to  your  whole  name,  and  to  my  noble  cousin  Sir  Drue c.  to 
whom  I  will  write  the  next  week. 

432.     To  John  Dynely. 

Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  564.    '  To  my  most  Worthy  Friend,  Mr.  John  Dynely,  Esq., 
at  Boston  in  Lincolnshire.'    Parliament  dissolved  ;  foreign  news. 

March  11,  1628<9>. 
My  dear  Jack  Dinely, 

You  see  I  keep  my  familiarity,  though  you  be  the  governor  of 
Princes.  And  I  see  by  your  letter  that  I  am  everywhere  in  your 
remembrance,  even  where  so  many  natural  pledges  divide  you. 
The  Parliament  is  since  your  going  dissolved  by  the  King  upon 

1  On  March  5,  Richelieu,  who  had  marched  into  Italy  with  Louis  XIII. 
forced  the  Spaniards  to  raise  the  siege  of  Casale.  The  war  of  the  Mantuan 
succession  did  not  end  until  Oct.  3,  1630,  but  peace  between  England  and  France 
was  concluded  on  April  14,  1629. 

2  Peter  Hein?s  capture  of  the  Plate  Fleet  in  1628.     (Gardiner,  vi,  p.  374. 

3  '  Sub  utroque  iacentia  Phoebo.'    (Ovid,  Met.  i.  338.)        *  See  ante,  ji,  p.  312  n. 
5  Dr.  Collins  (?)        f'  Sir  Drue  Drurv,  Bart,,  of  Kiddlesworth  Hall,  died  1632. 


TO  JOHN   DYNELY  819 

such  reason  as  in  good  faith  all  sober  minds  must  approve,  even 
while  they  wish  it  otherwise.  Never  was  there  such  a  morning  as 
that  which  occasioned  the  dissolution  since  Phaeton  did  guide  his 
father's  chariot. 

We  are  now  cheered  with  some  foreign  news :  but  I  am  still  sorry 
that  we  must  fetch  our  comfort  from  abroad,  and  from  the  discords 
of  Italy,  instead  of  the  harmony  of  England.  Our  Lords  sit  often, 
and  were  never  more  close  ;  insomuch  as  it  is  as  hard  to  get  anything 
out  of  the  council  chamber  as  out  of  the  Exchequer. 

Sir  Henry  Vane1  is  suddenly  sent  extraordinary  ambassador  to 
the  Hague,  with  the  more  wonder,  because  Sir  Robert  Carr 2  is  yet 
there,  omni  par  negotio.  The  other's  having  been  cofferer  breeds  some 
conjecture  that  the  business  is  pecuniary.  Nothing  is  yet  done 
about  the  Rolls,  and  those  other  places  in  sequence :  and  my  Lord  of 
Bristow's3  re-entry  into  the  Court  (who  the  last  week  earned  the 
sword  before  the  King)  filleth  us  with  new  discourse,  as  if  he  should 
be  restored  to  the  Vice-Chamberlainship,  which  yet  lieth  amortized 4 
in  your  noble  friend  \ 

Mine  own  businesses  stand  as  they  did  ;  and  the  best  is,  they  are 
rather  stationary  than  retrograde.  I  pray  remember  my  hearty 
affection  to  your  worthy  brother,  and  give  him  the  best  hope  of  his 
Anthony.  And  so  languishing  for  you  again.  I  commit  you  all  to 
God's  dear  love. 

Your  faithfullest  poor  friend, 

Henry  Wotton. 

433.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Add.  MS.  34,727,  f.  53,  holograph.  'To  my  honoured  Nephew,  Sir  Edmund 
Bacon,  Knight  and  Baronet,  at  the  Roles,  London.'  Printed  Letters 
to  B,  p.  53  ;  Beliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  445.  Written  shortly  before  Wotton's 
journey  to  Kent  in  June.     Frank  Bacon  ;  foreign  news. 

This  Monday  night  late, 
(June  ?>  1629. 
Sir. 

I  know  that  between  us  there  needs  little  compliment ;   for 
which  I  am  for  my  part  so  unproper  and  so  unmoulded,  that  I  often 

1  Sir  Henry  Vane  the  elder  (1589-1655),  Cofferer  of  the  Household  1625.  In 
Feb.,  1629,  Charles  I  sent  him  to  the  Hague  to  find  out  from  the  Prince  of  Orange 
and  the  States  what  they  thought  of  the  Spanish  offers  of  peace.  (Gardiner,  vii. 
p.  101.) 

1  Sir  Robert  Ker  (1578-1654),  Earl  of  Ancrum  1<J3:3.     {D.  X. B.) 

3  The  Earl  of  Bristol,  who  had  been  in  disgrace  since  his  return  in  1624  from 
Spain,  was  restored  to  favour  in  1628.     (Ibid.,  xv,  p.  59.) 

4  '  Amortized,'  held  in  commission.     (X.  E.  D.) 

s  Viscount  Dorchester,  made  Vice-Chamberlain  of  the  King's  Household  in 
1625,  an  office  to  which  the  Earl  of  Bristol  (then  Sir  John  Digby)  was  appointed 
in  1616. 


320  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

neglect  even  civil  duties,  as  well  appeared  by  my  coming  from 
London  without  taking  leave  of  you.  But  yet  I  cannot  be  wanting 
unto  yourself,  nor  to  the  least  of  your  name,  in  any  real  service,  for 
that  were  too  much  violence  to  my  nature  :  therefore  before  my 
coming  from  Westminster  I  wrote  such  letters  to  the  Queen  of 
Bohemia  about  your  spiritous  Franck,  as  I  hope  (together  with  the 
good  offices  of  the  bearer  thereof)  will  place  him  with  the  Prince  of 
Orenge  when  he  hath  taken  the  Busse  \  I  could  have  wished  that 
his  lively  blood  had  been  a  little  fleshed  at  that  siege.  But  Jack 
Dynelye's  long  stay  at  London  for  his  dispatch,  and  at  Gravesende  for 
a  wind,  hath  lost  us  time.  We  hear  that  the  King  of  Spain,  upon 
the  peazing  -  of  his  affairs  in  Italy  (where  a  palm  of  ground  importeth 
him  more  than  a  province  abroad),  was  resolved  to  make  the  Marquis 
Spinola  Governor  of  Milan,  and  that  the  Count  Henry  Vanden  Berge ! 
should  command  the  armies  in  chief  under  the  Infanta.  If  this  be 
so,  there  will  be  there  bella  plusquam  civilia*,  for  you  know  he  is 
near  of  blood  to  the  Prince  of  Orenge,  though  he  hath  some  a  little 
nearer ;  for  he  hath  one  or  two  by  his  own  sister,  as  I  remember 
they  told  me  in  his  town  of  Maestrick.  The  other  employment  of 
the  Marquis  is  a  counsel  plainly  taken  rather  from  necessity  than 
reason  :  for  otherwise  jealousy  of  state  would  hardly  commit  so 
much  power  to  a  Genouese  in  the  confines  of  his  own  country,  unless 
I  have  forgotten  my  foreign  maxims. 

I  have  my  head  towards  Kent,  with  a  hope  to  see  you  first  there, 
and  afterwards  at  our  election,  which  will  be  the  third  of  August. 
And  so  with  my  humble  and  hearty  remembrance  to  that  best  of 
men,  and  noblest  of  ladies,  I  rest 

II  svisceratissimaniente  vostro, 

Henry  Wotto>\ 

434.    To  the  Viscount  Dorchester. 

6'.  P.  Dom.  Charles  I,  cxliv,  No.  86,  holograph.  Wotton  troubled  by  his 
creditors,  and  perhaps  arrested  for  debt,  writes  to  the  Secretary  of 
State,  Lord  Dorchester. 

From  Canterburie  this  16th  of  June,  1629. 

Right  Honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

I  most  humbly  beseech  your  Lordship  that  the  presenter  hereof, 
my  worthy  friend 5,  may  acquaint  you  with  an  occasion  befallen  me. 

1  Hertogenbosch  (Bois-le-Duc),  besieged  by  Frederick  Henry  Prince  of  Orange 
in  June.  1629,  and  captured  after  a  memorable  siege.    (Gardiner,  vii,  pp.  103, 170). 

2  •  Peazing,'  from  pease,  to  pacify.     (N.  E.  D.) 

3  Count  Henry  van  den  Berg  suffered  a  check  at  the  siege  of  Bois-le-Duc.  and 
retired  from  the  Spanish  service.     (AT.  B.  Gen.) 

*  'Quatuor  autem  sunt  genera  bellorum,  id  est  iustum,  iniustum,  civile  et  plus 
quam  civile.'     (Isidorus  Hispalensis,  Etym.  xviii.  2.) 
5  Mr.  Griffith,  see  below,  p.  322 


TO   THE   VISCOUNT   DORCHESTER  321 

wherein  I  must  implore  your  favour  to  unsoil '  me.  And  so  com- 
mitting your  Lordship  to  God's  dear  blessings  and  love,  I  humbly 
rest, 

At  your  Lordship's  commands, 

Henry  Wotton. 

435.    To  the  Viscount  Dorchester. 

S.  P.  Dom.  Charles  I,  cxlv,  No.  64,  holograph.    Thanks  for  promises 

of  help. 

From  Canterburie,  this  27  of  June,  1629. 
Right  Honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

I  am  fully  informed  by  Mr.  Griffithe  how  sensible  your  Lordship 
hath  been  of  that  rude  affront  which  was  lately  done  me.  And  in 
that  information  he  did  not  omit  your  noble  intentions  towards  me, 
as  well  in  curing  the  cause  as  in  plastering  the  symptom  ;  for  which 
I  must  render  you  most  humble  thanks,  and  ever  live, 

Your  Lordship's  obliged  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

I  have  now  sent  up  Mr.  Harison2,  the  bearer  hereof,  who  was 
a  witness  of  the  whole  proceeding. 

436.    To  John  Dynely. 

Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  565.     Undated.     For  date  see  note.     Messages  for 
the  Queen  of  Bohemia,  &c. 

(July  26,  1629.) 
My  sweet  and  dear  Jack  Dinely, 

I  am  come  newly  from  those  ladies3,  who  think  themselves 
more  lovely  than  before,  and  perhaps  than  they  are,  ever  since 
I  showed  them  your  character  of  their  beauties,  in  your  letter  from 
the  '  Gally-Gravesend  \4  Never  was  a  town  better  epitheted.  They  all 
remember  themselves  extreme  kindly  unto  you.  While  I  was  there 
I  should  have  written  letters  provisionally  to  go  with  Mr.  Griffith  ; 
but  my  brains  are  even  yet  in  some  distraction  among  good  ideas, 
whereby  I  am  put  now  to  write  these,  and  other  that  go  with  them, 
in  haste  ;  for  my  said  friend  hath  given  me  warning  that  he  shall  be 
gone  to-morrow  morning  from  London. 

1  'Unsoil,'  i.e.  assoil. 

2  John  Harrison,  Head  Master  of  Eton,  ante,  i,  p.  216. 

3  At  Bocton  Malherbe. 

4  Dynely  had  sailed  for  Holland  from  Gravesend.  '  Gally-Gravesend,'  cf. 
gally-beggar,  gally-crow  (scarecrow),  from  gaily,  obs.,  to  frigbten,  scare 
IfT.E.  D.). 

W  OTTON.    II  Y 


322  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

I  have  written  to  our  royal  mistress,  upon  a  touch  in  your  last 
(which  found  me  at  Bocton),  that  I  had  now  sent  her  my  niece 
Stanhop's  picture  in  little,  if  an  express  messenger  sent  for  it,  the 
very  night  before  I  came  away,  by  my  Lord  of  Chesterfield l  (to  whom 
it  was  promised)  had  not  ravished  it  out  of  my  pocket.  But  I  shall 
have  it  in  a  greater  form  at  my  return  thither  immediately  after  our 
election,  which  will  begin  to-morrow  sevennight2:  and  the  Friday 
morning  following  Sir  George  Kevet's  son3  is  in  the  head  of  our 
list ;  for  lentum  est  to  say  he  shall  be,  after  your  late  refreshment  of 
the  Queen's  commands.  Sir  Edmund  Bacon  was  likewise  with  me 
at  Bocton,  when  your  letter  so  overjoyed  him  that  he  called  in  the 
very  instant  for  some  paper  to  send  for  the  spiritous  Frank  Bacon 
from  Kedgrave.  And  sene  viene  volando,  as  fast  as  he  can  trick  him 
up  for  the  soldier.  Of  whom  I  will  write  more  by  himself.  For  to 
discharge  the  thanks  that  are  due  for  him  is  no  sudden  business. 
To  return  to  Mr.  Griffith ;  no  man  living  ever  took  a  kinder 
impression  than  he  hath  done  of  his  obligations  towards  you,  and  it 
is  indeed  a  piece  of  his  character  to  take  the  least  kindness  to  heart. 
He  knows  all  news.  You  have  him  now  in  your  hands.  And  God 
be  between  you  both. 

Your  poor  friend  svisceratissimamente, 

H.    WOTTON. 


437.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  60  ;  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  447.     Wotton  writes  of  his  journey 
to  Eton  after  parting  with  Bacon  at  Dartford  ;  of  Frank  Bacon,  &c. 

From  the  College  this  Wednesday  night 
<July29?>,  1629. 
Sir, 

The  very  truth  is  your  love  hath  prevented  me,  for  I  meant  by 
Giovanni  to  give  you  some  account  of  what  hath  passed  since  our 
divorcement.  When  I  had  slept  half  an  hour  after  you  were  gone 
from  Darford  I  found  myself  fresco  come  una  rosa :  but  I  awaked  in 
a  strange  dream  that  had  seldom  before  befallen  me  in  an  inn, 
finding  nothing  to  be  paid,  not  so  much  as  for  mine  own  horses  ; 
whereby  the  reason  was  plain  of  the  paleness  of  my  water  which  you 
observed.  For  none  of  the  tincture  of  my  gold  was  gone  into  the 
reckoning  of  the  drink,  as  you  had  handled  the  matter. 

1  Philip  first  Earl  of  Chesterfield  (1584-1656),  whose  son  married  Catherine 
Wotton  (ante,  ii,  p.  312). 

■  The  election  was  fixed  for  Aug.  3  (ante,  ii,  p.  320),  the  date  of  this  letter  is 
therefore  July  26. 

3  Sir  George  Knevett,  or  Knyvett,  knighted  1626.     (Metcalfe,  p.  187.) 


TO   SIR   EDMUND   BACON  323 

At  the  top  of  Shooter's  Hill  my  footman  stayed,  as  if  he  had  been 
watching  the  beacon  rather  than  for  me ;  and  told  me  there  were 
good  provisions  made  at  Sir  Adam  Newton's '  for  you  and  me,  with 
kind  expectation  of  us  both.  But  myself  being  desirous  to  reach 
Eton  that  night,  as  I  did  (for  my  horses,  I  see,  travel  best  upon 
another  man's  purse),  I  blanched  2  the  house,  and  sent  thither  by 
Giovanni  a  fair  excuse.  True  it  is,  we  are  much  of  a  humour: 
cento  buoi  will  hardly  draw  us  in  a  journey  to  any  strange  place. 

At  that  time  likewise  Will  brought  me  a  letter  from  Mr.  Griffith, 
which  had  been  expressly  sent  to  Gravesend  the  night  before, 
whereby  I  saw  Giovanni  had  taken  a  false  alarm,  for  he  was  not  to 
be  gone  till  the  Monday  morning  following,  so  as  I  have  had  time 
to  ballast  him  with  letters.  And  I  have  intimated  beforehand  to 
your  Jack  Dinely  your  purpose  to  pass  over  the  spiritous  Frank 
as  soon  as  you  can  trick  him.  We  are  now  towards  the  festival 
of  our  election,  wherein  annually  I  make  a  shift  to  lose  four  or  five 
friends,  and  yet  do  myself  no  good  ;  so  as  they  are  angry  with  me  on 
the  one  side,  and  they  laugh  at  me  on  the  other. 

I  apprehend  this  year  a  great  poverty  of  venison  with  us  :  for 
I  came  too  late  to  exchange  your  warrant3,  and  my  Lady  Throg- 
morton's  will  not  serve  my  turn. 

Since  my  coming,  Mr.  Turvil,  a  French  practical  man  of  good 
erudition,  hath  passed  a  day  or  two  with  me,  from  whom  I  hear 
a  shrewd  point,  that  the  oath  of  peace  (which  should  have  been 
taken  between  the  two  neighbouring  Kings  upon  the  same  day)  is  put 
off  for  a  month :  I  believe  the  stop  to  be  in  France,  to  gain  time  to 
disturb  our  treaty  with  Spain.4 

Mr.  Pirn 5  (a  man  whose  ears  are  open)  told  me  likewise  yesterday 
a  strange  thing,  that  the  Queen  of  Bohemia  hath  newly,  being  hunt- 
ing, been  chased  away  herself  with  some  affrightment  from  Rhenen 
by  certain  troops  of  the  enemy  that  hath  passed  the  Isel,G  with 
whom  it  was  feared  the  Count  Henry  Venden  Berge  would  join,  and 
ravage  the  Velow.  Yet  withal  were  come  tidings  that  the  Prince 
of  Orange  at  the  Buss  had  had  parley  offered  him.  But  my  intelli- 
gences are  cistern  waters ;  you  are  nearer  the  fountain.    And  not 

1  At  Charlton  House,  near  Shooter's  Hill,  built  by  Sir  Adam  Newton  {ante, 
ii,  p.  7),  and  still  in  existence. 

2  '  Blanch,'  to  pass  without  notice.     Obs.     (N.  E.  D.) 

3  Warrant  for  venison  from  the  King's  parks  and  chases. 

4  Ante,  ii,  p.  313.  5  John  Pym  (?). 

6  The  King  and  Queen  of  Bohemia  had  a  country  house  at  Rhenen,  not  far 
from  the  Hague,  where  they  spent  a  good  deal  of  time.  On  July  14,  1629,  the 
council  of  the  Prince  of  Orange  (who  was  then  besieging  Hertogenbosch) 
requested  the  Queen  to  move  further  from  the  seat  of  war,  as  the  enemy  had 
crossed  the  Yssel,  and  they  feared  a  sudden  attack  on  her  person.  The  Queen 
went  to  Vianen  on  the  road  towards  Rotterdam.     {Everett- Green,  v,  p.  47l\) 

Y  2 


324  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

only  dulcius  ex  ipso  fonte  bibuntur  aquae,*  but  verms  too :  for  both 
will  stand  in  the  verse. 

Before  I  end,  let  me  beseech  you  to  remember  my  humble  and 
hearty  devotion  (in  the  very  style  of  Seneca  to  his  Lucilius,  and 
I  shall  need  to  say  no  more)  Optimo  Vivorum.2  I  envy  your  enjoy- 
ments and  conversations,  and  most  when  they  are  privatest,  for  then 
they  are  freest.  I  hope  the  noble  Lady  will  return  quickly  again 
to  her  Hesperian  Garden  ;  to  whom,  I  pray,  likewise  let  my  humble 
service  be  remembered.     And  so  I  rest, 

Excepto  quod  non  simul  esses  caetcra  laetus* 

H.  WOTTON. 

438.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  58  ;  Beliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  446.  Dated  '  Tuesday  1629  ',  probably 
Tuesday,  Aug.  15,  from  the  reference  to  the  two  following  letters  about 
Frank  Bacon. 

From  the  College,  this  Tuesday 
(Aug.  15?>,  1629. 
Sir, 

Although  I  intend  to  write  again  speedily,  and  at  a  little  more 
ease  unto  you  by  James  4,  and  then  to  send  you  and  Sir  Gervase 
Clifton  the  copy  of  a  letter  5  which  Giovanni  tells  me  you  both 
desire  ;  yet  lest  you  should  send  over  your  Frank  (who  hath  from 
you  all  his  sails  and  fraught G)  without  part  of  his  ballast  from  me, 
I  have  hastened  the  enclosed  letters  unto  your  hand,  with  the  copy 
of  mine  to  the  Queen  of  Bohemia  :  the  others  are  ad  lianc  formam. 
I  could  wish  that  he  would  begin  with  Jack  Dinely  and  slide  first 
unseen  to  Leyden,  who  will  bring  him  thence  to  the  Queen,  and 
acquaint  him  with  all  due  respects. 

I  have  written  to  the  Countess  of  Levistain '  to  cherish  him  also  ; 
a  great  and  assiduous  lady  with  the  Queen,  and  by  title,  my  noble 
secretary.  This  is  all  that  I  need  say  at  the  present.  Doctor  Sharpe 8 
and  I  do  threaten  you  the  next  Christmas.     In  the  meanwhile, 

Your  humble  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

OpHmo  vivorum,  and  to  his  most  worthy  lady,  S. 

1  'Gratius  ex  ipso  fonte  bibuntur  aquae.'      (Ovid,  Ex  Pont.  iii.  5.  18.) 

2  Sir  Gervase  Clifton.  3  Horace,  Ep.  i.  10.  50. 
4  James  Vary.  5  See  below,  p.  32S. 

6  « Fraught,'  i.  e.  freight.     Obs.     (N.  E.  D.) 

7  Countess  von  Levenstein,  Lady  in  Waiting  to  the  Queen  of  Bohemia.  {Cal. 
S.P.  Dow?.,  1639-40,  p.  537.) 

8  Leonel  Sharpe  (ante,  ii,  p  38),  Rector  of  Bocton  Malherbe. 


TO  THE  QUEEN   OF   BOHEMIA  826 


439.    To  the  Queen  of  Bohemia. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  64;  Retiq.,  3rd  •■<!.,  p.  449.     Printed  from  the  copy  sent 
to  Bacon.     Wotton  introduces  Frank  Bacon  to  the  Queen. 

Aug.  16,  1629. 

May  it  please  your  Majesty, 

This  bearer  is  that  lad,  by  name  Franck  Bacon,  for  whom  your 
Majesty's  intercession  with  the  Prince  of  Orange  hath  bound  so 
many  unto  you  here.  It  is  your  goodness  that  hath  done  it,  and 
therefore  he  is  addressed  by  his  friends  (and  by  me  who  am  the 
meanest  of  them)  first  through  your  gracious  hands,  and  laid  down 
at  your  .royal  feet. 

There  is  in  him,  I  believe,  metal  enough  to  be  cast  into  good 
form  ;  and  I  hope  it  is  of  the  noblest  sort,  which  is  ever  the  most 
malleable  and  pliant.  Only  one  thing  I  fear,  that  coming  from 
a  country  life  into  the  lustre  of  courts,  he  will  be  more  troubled 
with  it  than  with  the  hissing  of  bullets. 

Now  when  I  consider  (as  I  do  at  the  present)  that  besides  your 
Majesty's  ancient  favours  towards  me,  and  to  them  that  have  been 
and  are  so  dear  unto  me,  some  gone,  and  some  remaining,  you 
have  lately  received  the  child  of  my  very  worthy  friend,  Mr.  Griffith, 
about  the  Prince  your  son,  and  honoured  this  other  with  your  especial 
recommendation,  in  such  a  forcible  and  express  manner  as  you  were 
pleased  to  do  it :  I  say,  when  I  consider  all  this,  I  cannot  but  fall 
into  some  passionate  questions  with  mine  own  heart.  Shall  I  die 
without  seeing  again  my  royal  mistress  myself?  Shall  I  not  rather 
bring  her  my  most  humble  thanks  than  let  them  thus  drop  out 
of  a  dull  pen  ?  Shall  such  a  contemptible  distance,  as  between  Eton 
and  the  Hague,  divide  me  from  beholding  how  her  virtues  overshine 
the  darkness  of  her  fortune  ?  I  could  spend  much  paper  in  this 
passion,  but  let  it  sleep  for  the  present,  and  God  bless  your 
Majesty, 

As  I  am  yours, 

H.  Wotton. 

After  this  humble  and  just  acknowledgement  of  my  obligations 
unto  your  Majesty,  it  were  a  miserable  thing  for  me  to  tell  you  that 
at  our  late  election  I  have  remembered  your  commandment '  in  the 
first  place  ;  I  should  indeed  rather  ask  what  your  Majesty  will  have 
next  done. 

1  About  Sir  George  Knevett'a  son  (mite,  ii.  p.  322). 


326  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

440.    To  John  Dynely. 

Beliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  567.  '  To  my  most  worthy  dear  Friend,  Mr.  John  Dynely, 
Attendant  on  the  young  Prince  at  Leyden.'  The  Eton  election ; 
Frank  Bacon. 

From  the  College  the  16  of  August,  1629. 
My  sweet  Jack  Dinely, 

We  have  newly  concluded  our  anniversary  business,  which  hath 
been  the  most  distracted  election  that  I  verily  believe  had  ever  before 
been  seen  since  this  nurse  first  gave  milk,  through  no  less  than  four 
recommendatory  and  one  mandatory  letter  from  the  King  himself ; 
besides  intercessions  and  messengers  from  divers  great  personages, 
for  boys  both  in  and  out,  enough  to  make  us  think  ourselves  shortly 
Electors  of  the  Empire,  if  it  hold  on.  Among  which  confusions  I  did 
not  forget  (as  I  have  written  to  your  royal  mistress)  to  put  Sir  G. 
Kevet's  son  in  the  head  of  our  list. 

After  this  which  I  have  truly  told  you,  you  cannot  well  expect 
many  lines  from  me ;  for  as  the  seas  require  some  time  to  settle, 
even  when  the  winds  are  ceased,  so  need  our  brains  after  such 
an  agitation.  Yet  somewhat  I  must  say  by  this  bearer.  You  have 
gotten  a  great  interest  in  the  whole  family,  and  in  all  that  touch 
upon  it,  by  the  pains  which  you  have  taken  ;  and  yet  they  reserve 
themselves  not  to  be  more  beholden  to  you  for  the  introduction 
than  they  hope  to  be  for  your  direction  of  him  there  ;  though  he 
comes,  I  can  tell  you,  with  severe  advice  from  his  uncle,  that  if  ever 
he  be  an  inch  from  the  eye  of  the  Prince  (unless  with  the  Queen), 
either  in  time  of  security  or  danger,  actum  est  between  them.  We 
leave  him  now  to  your  moulding,  as  if  he  were  (as  he  is  indeed)  to 
be  melt  in  a  new  furnace.  There  is  spirit  enough  to  work  upon, 
though  perchance  overshadowed  with  some  rural  modesty.  But  that 
among  camps  and  courts  is  now  and  then  too  soon  divested.  I  shall 
be  glad  to  hear  how  he  appeareth  di  prima  vista  ;  as  likewise  of  little 
Griffith,  after  whom  I  hearken  with  no  less  affection. 

Bum  versor  in  hac  materia:  I  could  wish  you  at  some  times  to 
quicken  your  Anthony  here  with  a  line  or  two,  which  in  Persius 
phrase,  patruum  sapiant '  :  not  truly  that  I  perceive  any  slackness  in 
him,  but  you  know  what  our  Italian  horsemen  say,  un  caval  del 
Regno  vuol  anche  gli  sproni. 

We  are  divided  by  sundry  reports  from  you,  between  hopes  and 
fears,  both  great  ;  your  next  will  ease  us,  which  will  find  me  in 
Kent,  whither  I  am  turning  my  head  again  for  a  while,  that  I  may 
be  present  at  my  niece  Stanhop's  good  time. 

My   niece   Hester2   is   absolutely   reclaimed   from   those    foolish 

1  'Quum  sapimus  patruos.'     (Persius,  i.  11.) 

2  Hester,  daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Wotton's  nephew,   Thomas  second  Lord 


TO  JOHN   DYNELY  327 

impressions  which  she  had  taken,  God's  name  be  ever  blessed  for  it ; 
and  it  is  none  of  the  least  ends  of  my  going  to  rivet  that  business. 
I  hope  at  the  next  term  to  do  some  wonders  for  myself ;  so  I  call 
them,  and  so  they  must  be  if  I  do  them  :  for  among  courtiers  I  am 
a  wonder,  as  owls  are  among  gay  birds.  Now  farewell  for  the 
present ;  let  us  still  love  one  another,  and  our  dear  God  love  us  both. 

Your  truest  poor  friend, 

H.  W. 

I  had  made  it  a  resolution  to  myself  never  to  write  to  the  Queen 
without  somewhat  likewise  to  the  King  ;  but  understanding  that 
they  are  now  separated,  I  have  this  time  forborne  to  trouble  him 

in  so  noble  an  action.1 

441.    To  Sir  Gervase  Clifton. 

Lansd.  MS.  238,  f.  157,  transcript.     '  To  my  much  and  ever  honoured  friend, 
Sir  Ger.  Clifton,  Knt.  and  Baronet.'    The  Eton  election,  &c. 

From  the  College,  17  of  August,  1629. 
Noble  Sir, 

I  may  easily  borrow  too  much  of  your  time,  but  I  can  do  no 
violence  to  my  own  nature  in  writing  to  you,  because  I  honour  you 
in  cisceribns.  I  came  some  while  since  out  of  Kent,  where  I  divided 
between  Canterbury  and  Bocton  almost  six  weeks,  which  methought 
was  a  courteous  portion  of  time  from  my  contemplations.  And  yet 
thither  I  am  turning  my  head  again  in  this  vacation.  Your  name 
was  there  often  remembered,  and  I  have  part  in  that  music.  Since 
my  return  hither,  we  have  passed  the  most  distracted  election  that 
I  verily  believe  had  ever  been  seen  since  this  nurse  first  gave  milk, 
through  no  less  than  four  recommendatory  and  one  mandatory  letter 
from  the  King  himself,  besides  messengers  and  intercessions  from 
divers  great  personages ;  enough  to  think  ourselves  great.  After 
this  you  can  expect  no  long  letter  from  me ;  for  as  the  seas  require 
some  time  to  settle,  even  when  the  winds  are  ceased,  so  perchance 
need  our  brains  after  such  an  agitation.  Yet  it  ended  well,  truly 
I  think  in  the  best  choice  of  scholars  that  hath  been  made  of  a  long 
time.  We  have  nominated  boys  of  singular  hopes  for  Cambridge. 
If  they  prove  otherwise  there,  we  must  ask  an  old  question, 

Amphora  coepit 
Institui,  currente  rota,  cur  urceus  exit?2 

Wotton.  Hester  Wotton  was  baptized  Jan.  11,  1616.  (Transcripts  from  Registers 
of  Bocton  Malherbe,  X.  «{•  Q.,  7th  ser.,  x,  p.  310.)  She  afterwards  married  the  third 
Viscount  Campden,  and  died  in  1649. 

1  The  King  of  Bohemia  was  serving  as  a  volunteer  in  the  army  of  the  Prince 

i  Orange  at  the  siege  of  Hertogenbosch.     {Everett- Green,  v,  p.  472.) 
2  Horace,  Ars  Poet.  22. 


328  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

My  noble  nephew  f  lets  me  know  the  joy  of  your  meetings  ;  I  hear 
it  with  an  envious  ear,  and  wish  myself  in  your  company  for  two 
ends ;  first  for  the  benefits  and  pleasure  of  your  conversations,  and 
next  that  I  might  so  long  forget  myself.  My  servant  Giovanin  tells 
me  you  desire  the  copy  of  a  certain  letter  written  from  a  kinswoman 
of  mine  to  her  husband,2  which  I  owe  you  for  a  better.  And  yet 
truly  this  is  such  an  one  as  I  have  often  much  admired,  though 
I  must  withal  say  (without  disquieting  her  ghost)  more  than  I  have 
approved.  It  is  howsoever  sent  you  for  your  entertainment,  and  to 
mollify  the  trouble  of  this  which  comes  with  it.     And  so  I  remain 

Your  poor  faithful  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Sir,  I  have  been  cast  behind  (not  knowing  till  of  late  where  you 
were)  in  the  office  of  congratulation  with  yourself  and  your  son  in 
your  new  complements 3.  Let  me  do  it  in  the  delicatest  piece  of  all 
antiquity, 

JSfo(n)  murmur  a  vestra 4  columbae, 
Brachia  non  hederae,  non  vincant  oscula  conchae.5 

442.    To  the  Viscount  Dorchester. 

S.  P.  Dom.  Charles  I,  cxlviii,  No.  84,  holograph.     Dated  'Wednesday 
night,  1629  ',  probably  Aug.  19.    The  Eton  election. 

From  the  College  this  Wednesday  night 
(Aug.  19?),  1629. 

Eight  Honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

I  must  beg  a  favour  of  your  Lordship,  that  you  will  be  pleased 
when  the  Court  shall  be  here  tueri  absentiam  meam — that  was  the 
ancient  phrase.  I  am  summoned  into  Kent  to  be  there  at  my  niece 
Stanhope's  good  time. 

We  have  passed  over  the  most  troublesome  election  I  believe  hath 
ever  been  since  this  nurse  first  gave  milk,  overcharged  indeed  with 

1  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

a  A  copy  of  this  letter  is  preserved  among  Sir  Gervase  Clifton's  papers  in  the 
British  Museum,  where  it  is  inscribed, '  A  copy  of  a  letter  from  a  wife  voluntarily 
resolved  to  leave  her  husband  upon  a  sudden  envy,  yet  were  (they)  afterwards 
so  well  reconciled  that  she  died  of  childbirth  by  him.'    (Lansd.  MS.,  238,  f.  153.) 

3  '  Complements,'  i.  e.  compliments,  in  the  obsolete  sense  of  ceremonies, 
formalities  ;  here  marriages.  Sir  Gervase  Clifton's  second  wife,  Frances,  sister 
of  Lord  Clifford,  died  in  Nov.  1627.  His  third  wife  was  Mary,  daughter  of  John 
Egiock,  and  widow  of  Sir  Francis  Leek.  She  died  in  1631.  It  was  no  doubt  on 
this  marriage  that  Wotton  congratulates  him  in  the  above.  His  eldest  son 
Gervase  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  Timothy  Pusey,  of  Selston,  Notts. 

4  '  vestrae  '  in  transcript. 

5  From  the  AUocutio  ad  Sponsos  of  the  Emperor  Gallienus  (died  a.  d.  268). 
(Baehrens,  Poetae  Latini  Minores,  iv,  p.  103.) 


TO  THE   VISCOUNT  DORCHESTER  329 

our  dutiful  desire  to  satisfy  all  the  King's  letters,  which  wore  no  less 
than  four  recommendatory  and  one  mandatory,  ln-sidos  im 
and  intercessions  from  divers  great  personages,  for  boys  both  in  and 
out,  enough  indeed  to  make  us  almost  think  ourselves  great.  Of 
this  I  must  sadly  discourse  with  your  Lordship  for  the  good  of  the 
College  (which  I  know  you  tender)  when  the  Court  shall  be  fixed, 
for  it  is  opus  quietis.  In  the  meanwhile  we  have  contented  all  his 
Majesty's  desires,  one  way  or  other,  the  most  actually,  the  rest  by 
promise  ;  and  one  thing  we  can  say  (which  is  strange  in  such 
distraction),  that  I  think  there  was  never  made  a  better  choice.  We 
have  nominated  to  Cambridge  boys  of  singular  hope.  If  they  prove 
not  afterwards  secondo  la  perfezione  del  saggio,  we  must  ask  the  old 
question — 

Amphora  coepit 
Institui,  currente  rota,  cur  urceus  exit  ? 
Your  Lordship  after  this  cannot  look  for  any  long  letter  from  me  ; 
for  as  the  seas  require  some  time  to  settle,  even  when  the  winds  are 
ceased,1  so  perchance  need  our  brains  after  such  an  agitation.     You 
have   now   with  you  this  bearer,   a  compendium   of  colleges   and 
libraries,2  and  therefore  I  shall  need  to  say  no  more.      God  bless 
your  Lordship,  and  in  that  me,  for  I  have  an  affiance  in  your  love. 
Your  Lordship's,  with  a  very  true  heart, 

Henry  Wotton. 

443.     To  Lady  . 


Itrli'q.,  1st  ed.,  p.  444  ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  350.  No  date  or  address.  Written  before 
April,  1630  (see  note  1,  p.  330).  Negotiations  about  the  marriage  of 
one  of  Wotton's  nieces. 

(1629?) 
My  most  Honoured  Lady, 

Your  young  kinsman  shall  be  welcome  hither  at  your  pleasure, 
and  there  shall  want  no  respects  on  my  part  to  make  the  place  both 
fruitful  and  cheerful  unto  him. 

Touching  the  other  part  of  your  last,  wherein  I  am  so  much 
obliged  by  your  confidence,  which  in  truth  is  the  greatest  of 
obligations,  let  me  assure  your  Ladyship,  by  all  the  protestations  of 

1  The  chance  that  has  preserved  these  three  letters,  written  at  about  the  same 
time,  in  three  different  collections  (the  Reliquiae,  the  British  Museum,  and  the 
Record  Office)  has  exposed  Wotton's  habit  (which  he  shares  with  most  good 
letter-writers)  of  using  the  same  happy  phrase  to  more  than  one  correspondent. 
The  phrase  itself  was  Sarpi's :  'con  tutto  cio  un'  acqua  turbata  dalli  venti, 
cessati  quelli,  ancora  si  muove.'     (Lettere,  i,  p.  36.) 

■  Probably  John  Hales,  whom  Wotton  called  '  Bibliotheca  ambulans  '  (below, 
p.  £95).  Hales  had  been  chaplain  to  Lord  Dorchester  (then  Sir  Dudley  Carleton) 
at  the  Synod  of  Dort  1618-19.  His  letters  to  Carleton  are  printed  in  his 
Gulden  Remains,  ii,  pp.  1-97. 


330  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

a  Christian  man,  that  I  never  heard  before  the  least  whispering  of 
that  whereof  you  write  concerning  my  niece :  neither,  in  good  faith, 
did  I  know  so  much  as  that  there  was  a  Lord  T.  Your  Ladyship 
sees  in  what  darkness,  or  with  what  incuriosity,  I  live. 

I  shall,  ere  it  be  long,  be  myself  in  Kent  among  my  friends ;  but 
I  will  write  more  speedily,  according  to  your  command. 

In  the  meanwhile  (if  I  may  be  pardoned  so  much  boldness) 
I  could  wish  your  Ladyship  would  take  some  hold  of  one  well 
known  in  Court  on  both  sides,  namely  master  Nicolas  Pey :  he  is 
a  right  honest  and  discreet  man  in  himself,  and  of  great  trust  with 
my  Lady  T.  the  grandmother  \  under  whom  my  niece  was  bred,  and 
likewise  with  her  father  and  mother  ;  and  I  am  not  tender  that  your 
Ladyship  should  tell  him  you  have  understood  so  much  from  me,  if 
it  please  you  to  send  for  him.  And  so  I  most  humbly  rest, 
Your  Ladyship's  with  all  devotion  to  serve  you, 

H.  Wotton. 

444.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letter  to  B.,  p.  66  ;  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  451.     The  election  of  scholars 
at  Eton  ;  the  landing  of  Gustavus  Adolphus  in  Germany. 

From  your  College  this  27  July,  1630. 
My  noble  Nephew, 

I  am  sorry  that  your  cast  of  Bucknames  2  cannot  be  served  at 
this  election ;  for  to  choose  one  of  them  (and  that  must  have  been 
in  a  low  place)  had  been  discomfortable  ;  they  will  fly  best  at  ease 
together.  Yet  I  have  thought  of  a  way  the  next  year,  in  all  event 
not  to  fail,  which  is,  to  divide  them  between  Westminster  and 
Eton.  Their  election  precedeth  ours  some  three  weeks ;  and  truly 
upon  my  late  observation  there  I  must  needs  say  that  school 
mouldeth  good  scholars,  and  of  certainer  preferment  to  either  of  the 
universities  (for  some  go  to  Oxford,  and  some  to  Cambridge)  than 
this,  out  of  which  the  issue  is  always  hard,  and  the  entrance  not 
always  easy.  Glad  I  am  to  hear  by  your  letter  that  you  have 
gotten  so  good  a  schoolmaster,  that  they  may  be  well  mued  *  in  the 
meanwhile.  Betwixt  this  and  the  next  turn  I  shall  lay  you  down 
an  infallible  course  for  them.  And  this  must  content  their  good 
father  at  the  present. 

1  Lady  Throckmorton,  wife  of  Sir  Arthur  Throckmorton,  and  mother  of  Mary, 
wife  of  Thomas  Lord  Wotton.     Lord  Wotton  died  April  2,  1630. 

2  This  probably  refers  to  the  election  to  scholarships  at  Eton  of  the  sons  of 
Captain  Bokenham,  a  friend  of  Sir  Edmund  Bacon's,  to  whom  in  his  will  he  left 
ten  pounds  and  a  damask  sword.  (Wills  and  Inventories  from  the  Registers  of  Bury 
St.  Edmunds,  &c,  Camden  Soc,  1850,  p.  217.)  '  Cast '  is  the  term  in  hawking  for 
a  couple.     (N.E.D.) 

3  'Mued,'  i.  e.  mewed,  moulted. 


TO  SIR   EDMUND  BACON  331 

If  your  Mason's  brother1  (who  was  here  on  Sunday)  had  stayed 
till  the  next  morning,  there  was  some  practicable  hope  to  have  sped 
the  boy  this  year  to  Cambridge ;  but  some  unfortunate  haste,  and 
despair  of  so  many  places  as  fell  open,  carried  him  away. 

If  you  had  not  intimated  your  own  coming  to  London,  you  might 
perchance  have  been  troubled  with  me  in  the  country.  But  I  will 
now  languish  for  the  hour  you  promise  this  place  of  seeing  you  here  ; 
where  your  venison  (which  we  enjoy  by  exchange  from  Master  Vice- 
Chamberlain)2  hath  given  us  all  occasion  to  remember  you  thankfully 
as  a  benefactor  to  this  board.  I  will  entertain  you  with  no  home 
novelties,  but  let  me  tell  you  a  fresh  piece  of  no  small  noise  from 
abroad.  The  King  of  Sweden 3  hath  landed  with  200  ships  a  great 
army  of  some  40,000  in  Germany,  wTith  intention  (if  the  party  of  our 
Religion  be  not  all  drowsy)  to  redress  the  common  cause  ;  or  at 
least,  to  redintegrate  his  near  kinsman  in  Meckleburge,4  confiscated, 
you  know,  by  the  Emperor.  And  the  opportunity  is  fair,  while  the 
Austrian  power  is  diverted  for  the  help  of  Spain  into  Italy.5  God 
bless  it,  and  cherish  it  as  His  own  business ;  and  in  His  dear  love 
I  leave  you,  ever  remaining, 

Your  faithful  servant, 
Henry  Wotton, 
as  intricate  as  a  flea  in  a  bottom  of  flax. 

Sir,  I  will  write  to  you  at  large  after  our  election,  when  my  brains 
are  settled. 

445.    To  Charles  I. 

S.  P.  Bom.  Charles  1,  cclxxxi,  No.  105.  Dated  there  [1630].  A  letter 
sent  with  the  first  part  of  Wotton's  Philosophical  Survey  of  Education, 
or  Moral  Architecture  (ante,  i,  p.  207). 

<1630.) 

Mallem  Augusti  iudicium  quam  Antonii  beneficium.6 

Most  gracious  Sovereign, 

It  was  an  ancient  rule  of  state  (as  your  Majesty  I  am  sure  hath 
read)  that  every  particular  man  should  yield  otii  sui  rationcm,1  which 

1  Perhaps  Charles  Mason,  who  was  elected  to  King's  College  in  1632.  (Har- 
icood,  p.  232.) 

2  Viscount  Dorchester. 

3  Gustavus  Adolphus  landed  on  the  coast  of  Pomerania  June  24,  1630. 

4  The  Duchy  of  Mecklenburg  was  given  to  Wallenstein  by  the  Emperor  in  1629. 
(Gardiner,  30  Yrs.,  p.  116.) 

5  In  the  war  of  the  Mantuan  succession.     (Ibid.,  121.) 

6  Seneca,  de  Benefic.  i.  15.  5.     {Ante,  ii,  p.  254.) 

7  'Etenim  M.  Catonis  illud,  quod  in  principio  scripsit  Originum  suarum, 
semper  magnificum  et  praeclarum  putavi,  u  clarorum  virorum  atque  magnorum 
non  minus  otii  quam  negotii  rationem  exstare  oportere."'  (Cic.  Pro  Cn.  Plancio, 
27.  66.) 


332  LETTERS  OF   WOTTON 

pointed  at  a  great  natural  principle,  that  the  vacantest  thoughts  are 
everywhere  the  worst.  This  hath  moved  me  to  present  unto  your 
Majesty  a  little  foretaste  of  a  work,  long  intended,  and  much  pressed 
by  my  friends,  who  overween  '  my  weakness  ;  which,  if  it  may 
receive  from  your  royal  judgement  the  least  encouragement,  will  be 
so  far  from  fearing  vulgar  censures,  that  your  Majesty  may  easily 
make  it  bold  enough  to  be  dedicated  to  yourself,  as  the  subject  thereof 
will  well  bear ;  for  your  Majesty  is  the  common  parent  in  your 
regal  capacity.  And  you  are  in  your  natural  (I  speak  it  from  my 
soul  and  conscience)  one  of  the  virtuousest  examples  in  the  highest 
place  that  ourselves  or  any  other  nation  hath  ever  had.  So  as  that  there 
cannot  but  stream  from  your  sovereign  person  many  sweet  beams  of 
goodness  into  the  public  nurture,  which  is  the  theme  that  I  handle. 
And  truly  (if  mine  own  conceit  doth  not  hang  in  my  light)  I  hope  to 
do  my  country  as  much  service  therein  as  in  whatsoever  else  my  poor 
pen  and  declining  years  could  be  employed.  After  this  (if  God  pro- 
duce2 my  time)  I  will  wholly  apply  myself  to  the  story  of  our 
Church  and  State,  from  the  beginning  of  Henry  VIII  (which  my  Lord 
of  St.  Albons  left  imperfect)  and  so  forward.  And  thus  your  Majesty 
hath  an  account  both  of  what  I  am  doing  and  what  I  mean  to  do. 
The  Lord  cover  your  Majesty  with  His  continual  love,  according  to 
the  continual  prayers  of 

Your  poorest  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

446.     To  Charles  I. 

Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  311 ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  75.     '  Epistle  Dedicatory'  to  the  Survey 

of  Education.     No  date. 

(1630?) 

May  it  please  your  Majesty, 

I  need  no  other  motive  to  dedicate  this  discourse,  which  fol- 
loweth,  unto  your  Majesty  than  the  very  subject  itself,  so  properly 
pertaining  to  your  sovereign  goodness:  for  thereby  you  are  pater 
patriae.  And  it  is  none  of  the  least  attributes  wherewith  God  hath 
blessed  both  your  royal  person  and  your  people,  that  you  are  so.  On 
the  other  side,  for  mine  own  undertaking  thereof,  I  had  need  say  more. 
I  am  old  and  childless  ;  and  though  I  were  a  father  of  many,  I  could 
leave  them  nothing,  either  in  fortune  or  in  example.  But  having 
long  since  put  forth  a  slight  pamphlet  about  the  Elements  of  Archi- 
tecture, which  yet  hath  been  entertained  with  some  pardon  among  my 
friends,  I  was  encouraged,  even  at  this  age,  to  assay  how  I  could  build 
a  man  :  for  there  is  a  moral,  as  well  as  a  natural  or  artificial  compile- 

1  '  Overween,'  i.  e.  to  think  too  highly  of.     Obs.    (K.  E.  D.) 

2  '  Produce,'  i.  e.  prolong. 


TO   CHARLES   I  333 

ment,  and  of  better  materials :  which  truly  I  have  cemented  together 
rather  in  the  plain  Tuscan  (as  our  Vitruvius  termeth  it)  than  in  the 
Corinthian  form.  Howsoever,  if  your  Majesty  be  graciously  pleased 
to  approve  any  part  of  it,  who  are  so  excellent  a  judge  in  all  kind 
of  structure,  I  shall  much  glory  in  mine  own  endeavour.  If  otherwise, 
I  will  be  one  of  the  first  myself  that  shall  pull  it  in  pieces,  and 
condemn  it  to  rubbage  !  and  ruin.  And  so,  wishing  your  Majesty  (as 
to  the  best  of  Kings)  a  longer  life  than  any  of  the  soundest  works  of 
nature  or  art,  I  ever  rest 

Your  Majesty's  most  devoted  poor  subject  and  servant, 

H.  Wotton. 

447.    To  Sir  Gervase  Clifton. 
Clifton  Hall  MS.     Undated  (for  date,  see  note  2).    A  new  play. 

<1631?> 
Bib, 

I  should  have  seen  some  pictures  and  other  rarities  in  the  house 
of  Robinson  -,  one  of  the  King's  players,  as  to-morrow,  who  an  hour 
since  sent  me  word  that  he  cannot  be  at  home  to  receive  me,  by 
reason  of  a  new  play  which  they  are  to  repeat  to-morrow  in  the  after- 
noon, and  which  they  are  publicly  to  act  on  Wednesday — the  rarest 
thing,  as  he  conceiveth,  that  hath  ever  been  seen  on  a  stage,  called 
The  Italian  Night  Masque?  Now,  if  any  other  occasion  shall  put  off 
your  departure  so  long  (for  I  have  too  much  logic  to  reckon  this  inter 
eausas  per  se),  I  will  countenance  myself  that  day  with  your  company, 
and  be  ever  glad  of  the  least  motive  to  pick  a  quarrel  for  a  new 
meeting. 

Your  vowed  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

448.    To  Lord  Weston  (?). 

Reliq.y  1st  ed.,  p.  451  ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  355.  Unsigned,  no  date  or  address.  This 
and  the  following  letter  occur  in  the  Reliquiae  immediately  before 
a  letter  dated  1633,  and  for  want  of  other  indications  I  place  them  here. 
Wotton  writes  to  some  important  personage  (probably  Lord  Weston, 
see  note)  about  a  scholarship  election. 

(July,  1632.) 
Most  dear  Lord, 

While  I  had  your  Lordship  (as  I  am  always  bound)  in  my 
meditation,  and  somewhat  under  my  pen  (wherewith  I  hope  in  due 

1  'Rubbage,' i.  e.  rubbish.     Obs.    {N.  E.  D.) 

3  Richard  Robinson,  one  of  the  King's  players  1611-42,  died  1648.  (F.  G.  Fleay, 
Chronicle  History  of  the  lAm>i<t,i  Stage,  1890,  p.  375.) 

5  Probably  The  Unfortunate  Piety,  licensed  June  13,  1631,  and  entered  in  the 
Stationers'  Register,  Sept.  9,  1653,  with  the  additional  title  of  Jlie  Italian  Night 
Piece.  Fleay  identifies  this  play  with  Fletcher  and  Massinger's  Double  Marriage. 
F.  G.  Fleay,  Bioyaphical  Chronicle  of  the  English  Drama,  1891,  i,  pp.  210,  215.) 


334  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

time  to  express  how  much  I  honour  your  noble  virtues ]),  I  am  (as  if 
I  had  not  been  overladen  before)  surprised  with  a  new  favour  (for 
that  is  the  true  title  of  your  commands)  touching  a  fine  boy  of  this 
College,  whom  I  perceive  by  your  letters  of  the  thirtieth  of  the  last 
month  to  pertain  to  your  care.  Quid  multa?  It  shall  be  done  :  only 
in  one  thing  I  must  crave  pardon  to  pass  a  little  gentle  expostulation 
with  your  Lordship.  You  are  pleased  in  your  letter  to  except  my 
inconveniences,  as  if  in  the  nobleness  of  your  nature  (notwithstanding 
your  desire)  you  would  yet  allow  me  here  a  liberty  of  mine  own 
judgement  or  affection.  No,  my  good  Lord,  that  privilege  comes  too 
late  even  for  yourself  to  give  me,  when  I  once  understand  your  mind. 
For  let  me  assure  your  Lordship  that  I  have  such  a  conscience 
and  real  feeling  of  my  deep  obligations  towards  your  noble  person, 
as  no  value  nor  respect  under  heaven  can  purchase  my  voice  from 
him  on  whom  you  have  bestowed  it.  It  is  true  that  the  King  him- 
self, and  no  longer  than  three  or  four  days  before  the  date  of  your 
letters  (so  nimble  are  the  times),  did  write  for  another.  But  we  shall 
satisfy  his  Majesty  with  a  pre-election 2,  and  yours  shall  have  my  first 
nomination ;  which,  howsoever,  will  fall  timely  enough  for  him 
within  the  year.  For  there  belongs  (after  they  are  chosen)  a  little 
soaking,  as  well  as  a  baking  before,  into  our  boys.  And  so  not  to 
insist  any  longer  upon  such  a  poor  obedience,  I  humbly  lay  myself, 
and  whatsoever  is  or  shall  be  within  my  power,  at  your  Lordship's 
feet,  remaining 

Your  Lordship's  in  the  truest  and  heartiest  devotions. 

449.    To  the  Lord  Treasurer  Weston. 

Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  388  ;  3rd,  p.  333.  Undated  ;  written  after  July  23,  1628, 
when  Weston  was  made  Lord  Treasurer,  and  before  Feb.  17,  1632-3, 
when  he  became  Earl  of  Portland  ;  probably  in  January  of  1633.  (See 
note  1,  p.  336.)  Wotton  sends  Lord  Weston  a  nattering  portrait  of  his 
character,  and  hints  at  his  own  claims  on  the  Treasury. 

(Jan.,  1633.) 
My  most  honoured  good  Lord, 

I  most  humbly  present  (though  by  some  infirmities  a  little  too 
late)  a  strange  New  Year's  gift  unto  your  Lordship,  which  I  will  pre- 
sume to  term  the  cheapest  of  all  that  you  have  received,  and  yet  of  the 
richest  materials.  In  short,  it  is  only  an  image  of  yourself,  drawn 
by  memory  from  such  discourse  as  I  have  taken  up  here  and  there 
of  your  Lordship,  among  the  most  intelligent  and  unmalignant  men  ; 

1  This  may  refer  to  Wotton's  eulogy  of  Lord  Weston  (see  next  letter). 
3  '  Pre-election,'  i.  e.  boys  nominated  extra  numerum  by  the  request  of  the  King. 
(R.  A.  Austen  Leigh,  A  List  of  Eton  Collegers,  1661-1790,  p.  xi.) 


TO  THE  LORD  TREASURER  WESTON  335 

which  to  pom-trait1  before  you  I  thought  no  servile  office,  but  in- 
genuous and  real.  And  I  could  wish  that  it  had  come  at  the  day,  that  so 
your  Lordship  might  have.begun  the  new  year  somewhat  like  Plato's 
definition  of  Felicity,  with  the  contemplation  of  your  own  idea. 

They  say  that  in  your  foreign  employments  under  King  James  your 
Lordship  won  the  opinion  of  a  very  able  and  searching  judgement, 
having  been  the  first  discoverer  of  the  intentions  against  the 
Palatinate,  which  were  then  in  brewing,  and  masked  with  much  art. 
And  that  Sir  Edward  Conway  got  the  start  of  you  both  in  title  and 
employment  at  home  because  the  late  Duke  of  Buckingham  wanted 
then  for  his  own  ends  a  martial  secretary.  They  say 2  that  under  our 
present  Sovereign  you  were  chosen  to  the  highest  charge  at  the  lowest 
of  the  State,  when  some  instrument  was  requisite  of  indubitable 
integrity  and  provident  moderation  ;  which  attributes  I  have  heard 
none  deny  you.  They  discourse  thus  of  your  actions  since,  that 
though  great  exhaustions  cannot  be  cured  with  sudden  remedies,  no 
more  in  a  kingdom  than  in  a  natural  body,  yet  your  Lordship  hath  well 
allayed  those  blustering  clamours  wherewith,  at  your  beginnings,  your 
house  was  in  a  manner  daily  besieged.  They  note  that  there  have  been 
many  changes,  but  that  none  hath  brought  to  the  place  a  judgement 
so  cultivated  and  illuminated  with  various  erudition  as  your  Lord- 
ship, since  the  Lord  Burghley  under  Queen  Elizabeth,  whom  they 
make  your  parallel  in  the  ornament  of  knowledge. 

They  observe  in  your  Lordship  divers  remarkable  combinations  of 
virtues  and  abilities,  rarely  sociable.  In  the  character  of  your  aspect, 
a  mixture  of  authority  and  modesty.  In  the  faculties  of  your  mind, 
quick  apprehension  and  solidity  together.  In  the  style  of  your  port 
and  train,  as  much  dignity,  and  as  great  dependency,  as  was  ever  in 
any  of  your  place,  and  with  little  noise  or  outward  fume.  That  your 
table  is  very  abundant,  free  and  noble,  without  luxury.  That  you 
are  by  nature  no  flatterer,  and  yet  of  greatest  power  in  the  Court.  That 
you  love  magnificence  and  frugality  both  together.  That  you  entertain 
your  guests  and  visitors  with  noble  courtesy,  but  void  of  compliment. 
Lastly,  that  you  maintain  a  due  regard  to  your  person  and  place,  and 
yet  are  an  enemy  to  frothy  formalities. 

Now,  in  the  discharge  of  your  function,  they  speak  of  two  things 
that  have  done  you  much  honour  ;  namely,  that  you  have  had  always 
a  special  care  to  the  supply  of  the  navy,  and  likewise  a  more  worthy 

1  'To  pourtrait,'  i.  e.  to  portray.     Obs.     {Century  Did.) 

2  This  repeated  use  of  'they  say'  may  have  been  borrowed  by  Wotton  from 
Shakespeare  {Henry  VI,  Part  II,  act  iii,  scene  ii)  : — 

They  say,  by  him  the  good  Duke  Humphrey  died  ; 
They  say,  in  him  they  fear  your  Highness'  death  ; 


They  say,  in  care  of  your  most  royal  person,  &c. 


336  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

and  tender  respect  towards  the  King's  only  sister,  for  her  continual 
support  from  hence,  than  she  hath  found  before.  They  observe  your 
greatness  as  firmly  established  as  ever  was -any  in  the  love  and  (which 
is  more)  in  the  estimation  of  a  King,  who  hath  so  signalized  his  own 
constancy,  besides  your  addition  of  strength  (or  at  least  of  lustre)  by 
the  noblest  alliances  of  the  land.1 

Among  these  notes  it  is  no  wonder  if  some  observe  that  between 
a  good  willingness  in  your  affections  to  satisfy  all  and  an  impossibility 
in  the  matter,  and  yet  an  importunity  in  the  persons,  there  doth  now 
and  then,  I  know  not  how,  arise  a  little  impatience,  which  must  needs 
fall  upon  your  Lordship,  unless  you  had  been  cut  out  of  a  rock  of 
diamonds  ;  especially  having  been  before  so  conversant  with  liberal 
studies  and  with  the  freedom  of  your  own  mind.2 

Now  after  this  short  collection  touching  your  most  honoured  person, 
I  beseech  you  give  me  leave  to  add  likewise  a  little  what  men  say  of 
the  writer.  They  say  I  want  not  your  gracious  good  will  towards 
me  according  to  the  degree  of  my  poor  talent  and  travails,  but  that 
I  am  wanting  to  myself.  And  in  good  faith,  my  Lord,  in  saying  so, 
they  say  truly  ;  for  I  am  condemned,  I  know  not  how,  by  nature  to 
a  kind  of  unfortunate  bashfulness  in  mine  own  business,  and  it  is 
now  too  late  to  put  me  in  a  new  furnace.  Therefore  it  must  be  your 
Lordship's  proper  work,  and  not  only  your  noble,  but  even  your 
charitable  goodness,  that  must  in  some  blessed  hour  remember  me. 
God  give  your  Lordship  many  healthful  and  joyful  years,  and  the 
blessing  of  that  text,  Beatus  qui  attendit  ad  attenuatum.3  And  so 
I  remain  with  an  humble  and  willing  heart,  &c. 

450.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  69 ;  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  452.     Wotton  thanks  Bacon  for 
some  bounty,  probably  a  loan  of  money. 

Feb.  13,  1632  <3>. 
Noble  Sir,  and  my  most  dear  Nephew, 

We  were  for  three  weeks  together  so  besieged  at  your  Eton, 
first  with  an  overflow  of  water  from  the  west,  and  then  with  a  deep 
snow  out  of  the  east  (contrary  quarters  conspiring  against  us),  that 
our  ordinary  boats,  which  usually  go  and  return  twice  a  week,  could 
not  pass  under  the  bridges  ;  whereby  such  a  letter  from  you  as  never 
man  received  lay  silent  at  my  chamber  in  St.  Martin's  Lane,  till 

1  Weston's  eldest  son  Jerome  married  June  25,  1632,  Frances,  daughter  of  the 
third  Duke  of  Lennox.  His  daughter  Elizabeth  married  the  second  Viscount 
Netterville,  Mary  the  second  Lord  Aston  of  Forfar,  and  Anne  the  second  Earl 
of  Denbigh.     (D.N.B.) 

2  For  Wotton's  real  opinion  of  Lord  Weston,  who  'made  a  scorn  of  his  poverty 
and  a  sport  of  his  modesty  ',  see  below,  p.  375.  1's  xli,  1. 


TO   SIR  EDMUND  BACON  337 

mine  own  coming  to  London,  to  the  utter  condemnation  of  my 
ttnthankfulness  in  tho  meantime;  which  truly  I  should  fear,  but 
that  it  is  the  natural  property  of  the  same  heart,  to  be  a  gentle 
Interpreter,  which  is  so  noble  an  obliger. 

Now,  Sir,  after  I  had  received  and  read  your  letter,  I  took  some 
days  to  deliberate  what  I  should  do,  and  to  let  my  judgement  settle 
again,  which  was  distracted  with  so  kind  a  surprisal.  Should  I  use 
a  feathered  quill  to  write  unto  you,  or  fly  myself  to  Redgrave  ?  For 
you  had  given  me  wings.  At  last  I  resolved  upon  both.  First,  to 
make  this  true  protestation  by  writing  from  my  very  bowels,  where 
it  is  engraven,  that  though  your  bounty  (considered  in  all  the 
circumstances,  as  well  the  form  as  the  matter,  and  the  very  oppor- 
tunity of  the  time  wherein  it  came,  and  especially  without  any 
imaginable  pretence  of  desert  in  myself)  hath  been  such  as  never 
befell  me  before,  nor  can  ever  befall  me  again,  yet  have  you  there- 
with not  enriched,  but  stripped  and  despised  me  for  ever ;  nothing 
that  was  before,  either  in  my  power  or  possession,  being  after  this 
mine  own,  for  it  is  all  yours,  if  it  were  both  the  Indies.  So  as  your 
kindness,  howsoever  flowing  from  a  tender  affection,  yet  is  with  me 
like  hard  wax  dropped  and  sealed  together. 

The  next  after  this  shall  be  to  follow  it  myself:  but  therein 
(after  the  Spanish  phrase)  I  will  take  language  at  the  Rolls  *,  where 
I  shall  understand  more  punctually  about  what  time  you  purpose  to 
be  here.  For  I  aim  at  the  convoying  of  you  up  to  your  Eton  ;  about 
which  I  will  write  more  by  the  next  carrier,  and  prepare  yourself, 
Sir,  with  patience  while  we  live,  to  be  troubled  weekly  with  my 
letters,  wheresoever  I  am  ;  even  when  I  shall  have  no  more  to  say 
than  this,  which  is  the  least  that  can  be  spoken,  that  I  am, 

Yours, 
Henry  Wotton. 

451.     To   Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 
Mtten  to  B.,  p.  72  ;    Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  454.     (The  holograph  MS.  of  the 
latter  part  of  this  letter  is  in  Add.  MS.  34727,  f.  59.)     Medical  experi- 
ments ;  news  of  London. 

(From  St.  Martins  by  the  Fields, 
this  18  of  April,  1633. 
To  my  Noble  Nephew  long  and  cheerful  Years. 
Sir, 
By  beginning  first  with  philosophy  I  will  discover  the  method 
my  nature,  preferring  it  before  the  speculations  of  State. 
The  house  of  Sir  Julius  Caesar,  Master  of  the  Rolls.    A  letter  of  Sir  Edmund 
Bacon's  to  his  sister-in-law,  Jane,  Lady  Bacon  (Lady  Cornwallis)  is  dated  4  Ro^  lis. 
Kay  I  I.  1628  .     {Letters  of  Jane,  Lady  Cornwallis,  p.  191.) 

WOTTON.    II  Z 


338  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

Take  any  vegetable  whatsoever  (none  excepted  in  the  effect, 
though  some  difference  in  the  degree),  express  the  juice  ;  put  that  in 
any  vessel  of  wood  or  stone  with  a  narrow  neck  and  mouth,  not 
closed  at  the  top,  but  covered  with  anything,  so  as  it  may  work  out 
above ;  set  it  afterwards  in  some  cold  hole  in  a  cellar,  let  it  stand 
there  some  three  weeks  or  a  month,  till  by  fermentation  it  have 
both  purged  itself  upwards  and  by  sediment  downwards.  Then 
decant  from  it  the  clear  juice  and  put  that  in  a  limbeck  in  Balneo 
Maris,  or  in  Balneo  Boris.  The  first  that  riseth  will  be  aqua  aniens, 
useful  perchance  according  to  the  quality  of  the  plant,  as  of  worm- 
wood for  the  stomach,  of  succory,  or  any  of  those  incubae,  for  the 
liver :  and  on  the  sides  of  the  limbeck  will  hang  a  salt  ;  this  is  the 
extracting  of  salt  without  calcination,  which  otherwise  certainly 
must  needs  consume  all  the  active  powers  of  any  vegetable  and 
leave  nothing  but  a  plastick  and  passive  virtue. 

For  the  point  of  preserving  that  salt  afterwards  from  resolution 
by  air  into  water,  I  hold  it  impossible,  notwithstanding  the  proper 
examples  that  you  allege  ;  which  yet  must  of  necessity  yield  to  it. 
For  as  your  excellent  uncle  says,  and  says  well,  in  not  the  least  of  his 
works  (though  born  after  him)  of  his  experiments,  'air  is  predatory1'. 

I  have  forgotten  (for  memoria  primo  senescit)  whether  I  told  you  in 
my  last  a  pretty  late  experiment  in  arthritical  pains ;  it  is  cheap 
enough.  Take  a  roasted  turnip  (for  if  you  boil  it  it  will  open  the 
pores  and  draw  too  much),  apply  that  in  a  poultice  to  the  part 
affected,  with  change  once  in  an  hour  or  two  as  you  find  it  dried  by 
the  heat  of  the  flesh,  and  it  will  in  little  time  allay  the  pain. 

Thus  much  in  our  private  way,  wherein  I  dare  swear,  if  our 
medicines  were  as  strong  as  our  wishes,  they  would  wrork  extremely. 

Now,  for  the  public,  where  peradventure  now  and  then  there  are 
distempers,  as  wrell  as  in  natural  bodies. 

The  Earl  of  Holland2  was  on  Saturday  last  (the  day  after  your 
post's  departure)  very  solemnly  restored  at  council  table  (the  King 
present)  from  a  kind  of  eclipse,  -wherein  he  had  stood  since  the 
Thursday  fortnight  before.  All  considered,  the  obscuration  was  long, 
and  bred  both  various  and  doubtful  discourse ;  but  it  ended  well. 
All  the  cause  yet  known  was  a  verbal  challenge  sent  from  him  by 
Mr.  Henry  Germain 3  in  this  form  to  the  now  Lord  Weston 4,  newly 

1  Francis  Bacon.  Mr.  C.  C.  J.  Webb  has  kindly  supplied  me  with  the  following 
note  :  'aer  enim  communis  tanquam  res  indigens  est,  atque  omnia  avide  arripit ; 
spiritus,  odores,  radios,  sonos  et  alia '  (Historia  Vitae  et  Mortis,  canon  vii ;  Ellis- 
Sped  ding,  ii,  p.  217)  ;  '  depraedatur '  is  used  in  the  immediate  context  (p.  216)  in 
similar  sense,  not  of  air  but  of  '  spiritus  '  :  cf.  infra,  canon  ix  (p.  217). 

2  Henry  Kich  Earl  of  Holland  (ante,  i,  p.  218),  a  rival  and  enemy  of  the  Lord 
Treasurer  Weston,  now  Earl  of  Portland. 

3  Henry  Jermyn  first  Earl  of  St.  Albans,  d.  1684.     (D.  N.  B.) 

*  Jerome  Lord  Weston  (1605-63),    succeeded  his   father  as  second  Earl  of 


TO   SIR   EDMUND   BACON  889 

returned  from  his  foreign  employments,  that  since  he  had  already 
given  the  King  an  account  of  his  embassage  he  did  now  expect  from 
him  an  account  of  a  letter  of  his,  which  he  had  opened  in  Paris,  and 
lie  did  expect  it  at  such  a  time,  even  in  the  Spring  Garden  (close 
under  his  father's  window),  with  his  sword  by  his  side. 

It  is  said  (I  go  no  farther  in  such  tender  points)  that  my  Lord 
Weston  sent  him  by  Mr.  Henry  Percy '  (between  whom  and  the  said 
Lord  Weston  had  in  the  late  journey  (as  it  seems)  been  contracted 
such  friendship  as  overcame  the  memory  that  he  was  cousin-german 
to  my  Lord  of  Holland)  a  very  fair  and  discreet  answer :  that  if  he 
could  challenge  him  for  any  injury  done  him  before  or  after  his 
embassage  he  would  meet  him  as  a  gentleman,  with  his  sword  by 
his  side,  where  he  should  appoint.  But  for  anything  that  had  been 
done  in  the  time  of  his  embassage  he  had  already  given  the  King 
an  account  thereof,  and  thought  himself  not  accountable  to  any  other. 
This  published  on  Thursday  was  fortnight,  the  Earl  of  Holland  was 
confined  to  his  chamber  in  Court,  and  the  next  day  morning  to  his 
house  at  Kensington,  where  he  remained  without  any  further  cir- 
cumstance of  restraint  or  displeasure  Saturday  and  Sunday.  On 
which  days  being  much  visited,  it  was  thought  fit  on  Monday  to 
appoint  Mr.  Dickenson,  one  of  the  Clerks  of  the  Council,  to  be  his 
guardian  thus  far,  that  none  without  his  presence  should  accost  him. 
This  made  the  vulgar  judgements  run  high,  or  rather  indeed  run  low, 
that  he  was  a  lost  and  discarded  man,  judging  as  of  patients  in  fevers 
by  the  exasperation  of  the  fits.  But  the  Queen,  who  was  a  little 
obliquely  interested  in  this  business,  for  in  my  Lord  of  Holland's 
letter  which  was  opened  she  had  one  that  was  not  opened,  nor  so 
much  (as  they  say)  as  superscribed  ;  and  both  the  Queen's  and  my 
Lord  of  Holland's  were  enclosed  in  one  from  Mr.  Walter  Mountague 2 
(whereof  I  shall  tell  you  more  hereafter)— the  Queen,  I  say,  stood 

Portland  1635.  (D.N.B.)  In  July,  1632,  he  was  sent  to  France  and  Italy 
for  the  purpose  of  paving  the  way  to  a  better  understanding  between  Charles  I 
and  Louis  XIII.  On  his  return  through  France  he  intercepted  and  opened 
a  letter  of  Holland's  addressed  to  a  French  minister.  With  it  was  a  letter  from 
the  Queen,  which  he  did  not  read.  The  letters  proved  to  be  harmless,  but 
showed  that  the  Queen's  faction,  who  were  enemies  of  Portland,  were  in 
correspondence  with  the  enemies  of  Richelieu  in  France.  Charles  I  supported 
Weston,  and  commanded  him  to  refuse  any  challenge  which  might  be  sent  him. 
Holland  challenged  Weston,  and  Charles  ordered  him,  with  Henry  Jermyn 
(who  carried  the  challenge),  to  be  placed  in  confinement.  The  Queen's  followers 
and  the  enemies  of  Portland  crowded  to  the  house  where  Holland  was  confined, 
in  order  to  show  their  dislike  of  the  Lord  Treasurer.  This  was  stopped  by 
Charles,  and  Holland  was  summoned  before  the  Star  Chamber.  It  was  thought 
that  he  would  be  deprived  of  his  offices,  but  owing  to  the  entreaties  of  the 
Queen  he  escaped  with  a  reprimand  from  the  Lord  Keeper.  {Gardiner,  vii, 
pp.  217,  218.) 

1  Henry  Percy,  son  of  the  ninth  Earl  of  Northumberland,  created  Baron  Percy 
of  Alnwick  1643.     (D.  N.  B.) 

■  Walter  Montague  (1603  ?-1677),  son  of  first  Earl  of  Manchester.     (D.  N.  B.) 


340  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

nobly  by  him,  and  as  it  seems  pressed  her  own  affront.  It  is  too 
intricately  involved  for  me  so  much  as  to  guess  at  any  particulars. 
I  hear  generally  discoursed  that  the  opened  dispatch  was  only  in 
favour  (if  it  might  be  obtained)  of  Monsieur  de  Chateau  Neuf '  and 
the  Chevalier  de  Jarr  (who  had  both  been  here) ;  but  written  with 
caution  (and  surely  not  without  the  King's  knowledge),  to  be  delivered 
if  there  were  hope  of  any  good  effect ;  and  perchance  not  without 
order  from  his  Majesty  to  my  Lord  Weston  afterwards  to  stop  the 
said  letters,  upon  advertisement  that  both  Chateau  Neuf  and  de  Jarr 
were  already  in  the  Bastille.  But  this  I  leave  at  large,  as  not 
knowing  the  depth  of  the  business. 

Upon  Monday  was  sevennight  fell  out  another  quarrel,  nobly 
carried  (branching  from  the  former)  between  my  Lord  Fielding 2  and 
Mr.  Goring 3,  son  and  heir  to  the  lord  of  that  name.  They  had  been 
the  night  before  at  supper,  I  know  not  where,  together  ;  where 
Mr.  Goring  spake  something  in  diminution  of  my  Lord  Weston, 
which  my  Lord  Fielding  told  him  it  could  not  become  him  to  suffer, 
lying  by  the  side  of  his  sister.  Thereupon  these  hot  hearts  appoint 
a  meeting  next  day  morning,  themselves  alone,  each  upon  his  horse. 
They  pass  by  Hide  Park,  as  a  place  where  they  might  be  parted  too 
soon,  and  turn  into  a  lane  by  Knightsbridge,  where,  having  tied  up 
their  horses  at  a  hedge  or  gate,  they  got  over  into  a  close ;  there 
stripped  into  their  shirts,  with  single  rapiers,  they  fell  to  an  eager 
duel,  till  they  were  severed  by  the  host  and  his  servants  of  the  Inn 
of  the  Prince  of  Orange,  who  by  mere  chance  had  taken  some  notice 
of  them.  In  this  noble  encounter,  wherein  blood  was  spent,  though 
(by  God's  providence)  not  much  on  either  side,  there  passed  between 
them  a  very  memorable  interchange  of  a  piece  of  courtesy,  if  that 
word  may  have  room  in  this  place:  says  my  Lord  Fielding, 
1  Mr.  Goring 4,  if  you  leave  me  here,  let  me  advise  you  not  to  go 
back  by  Piccadilia  Hall 5,  lest  if  mischance  befall  me,  and  be  suddenly 

1  The  Marquis  de  Chateauneuf  came  to  England  as  French  ambassador  in 
1629,  and  the  Chevalier  de  Jars  apparently  came  with  him.  Chateauneuf 
gained  the  favour  of  the  Queen,  and  when  on  his  return  to  France  he  and  De 
Jars  were  discovered  to  have  joined  in  the  intrigues  against  Richelieu,  and  were 
imprisoned,  the  Queen  is  supposed  to  have  written  (in  the  letter  intercepted  by 
Weston)  to  intercede  in  their  favour.  (Gardiner,  vii,  pp.  104,  217.)  De  Jars 
remained  in  prison  until  1638,  when  Richelieu  released  him  in  order  to  oblige 
the  Queen.     (Ibid.,  viii,  p.  378.) 

2  Basil  Lord  Feilding  (died  1674),  son  of  the  first  Earl  of  Denbigh.  His  first 
wife  was  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Portland.     (D.  N.  B.) 

3  George  Goring  (1608-57),  afterwards  the  Royalist  general  who  commanded 
the  left  wing  at  Marston  Moor.     (Ibid.) 

*  Here  the  holograph  in  Add.  MS.  begins. 

5  Piccadilly  Hall,  or  House,  built  about  this  time  on  the  present  site  of 
Panton  St.  out  of  Haymarket.  (Knight's  London,  i,  pp.  300,  301.)  Clarendon 
describes  it  as  'a  fair  house  for  entertainment,  and  gaming,  and  handsome 
gravel  walks  with  shade,  and  where  were  an  upper  and  lower  bowling-green, 


TO  SIR   EDMUND   BACON  341 

noised  (as  it  falleth  out  in  these  occasions  now  between  us),  you 
might  receive  some  harm  by  some  of  my  friends  that  lodge  there- 
abouts.' 

1  My  Lord '  (replies  Goring),  '  I  have  no  way  but  one  to  answer 
this  courtesy :  I  have  here  bjr  chance  in  my  pocket  a  warrant  to  pass 
the  ports  out  of  England,  without  a  name  \  (gotten,  I  suppose,  upon 
some  other  occasion  before),  '  if  you  leave  me  here,  take  it  for  your 
use,  and  put  in  your  own  name.'  This  is  a  passage  much  commended 
between  them,  as  proceeding  both  from  sweetness  and  stoutness 
of  spirit,  which  are  very  compatible.  On  the  solemn  day  of  Satur- 
day last,  both  this  difference  and  the  original,  between  the  Earl 
of  Holland  and  the  Lord  Weston,  were  fairly  reconciled  and  forgiven 
by  the  King,  with  shaking  of  hands  and  such  symbols  of  agreement ; 
and  likewise  Sir  Maurice  Dromand  \  who  had  before  upon  an  uncivil 
rupture  on  this  part,  between  him  and  my  Lord  of  Carlisle2,  been 
committed  to  the  Tower,  was  then  delivered  at  the  same  time ;  and 
so  it  all  ended,  as  a  merry  fellow  said,  in  a  Maurice.  But  whether 
these  be  perfect  cures,  or  but  skinnings  over  and  palliations  of  Court 
will  appear  hereafter:  nay,  some  say  very  quickly;  for  my  Lord 
Weston's  lady  being  since  brought  to  bed  of  a  daughter,  men  stand 
in  a  kind  of  suspense,  whether  the  Queen  will  be  the  godmother 
after  so  crude  a  reconcilement ;  which  by  the  King's  inestimable 
goodness  I  think  may  pass  in  this  forgiving  week. 

For  foreign  matter,  there  is  so  little  and  so  doubtful  as  it  were 
a  misery  to  trouble  you  with  it.  The  States'  confuted  treaty  ■  is  put 
to  the  stock  ;  and  the  Prince  of  Orenge  (by  account)  gone  to  the 
field  two  days  since,  having  broken  the  business  (as  they  say)  by 
three  demands:  the  resignment  of  Breda  and  Guelder,  the  dis- 
mantling of  Rheynberg,  and  the  equality  of  free  exercise  of  religion 
on  either  side.  The  States  are  strong  in  arms,  weak  in  money, 
owing  above  six  hundred  thousand  pounds  sterling  in  bare  interest 
besides  the  capital.  The  enemy  hath  neither  money,  nor  men,  nor 
agreement.  Arena  sine  calce 4,  yet  I  hear  (and  ex  bonis  codicibus)  that 
the  States  are  absolutely  resolved  to  besiege  no  town  this  year,  unless 
it  be  some  such  place  as  may  haply  fall  gently  into  their  lap.  They 
will  range  with  divided  troops. 

whither  very  many  of  the  nobility  and  gentry  of  the  best  quality  resorted,  both 
for  exercise  and  conversation.'     (History,  ed.  Macray,  1888,  i,  p.  318.) 

1  Sir  Maurice  Drummond,  knighted  1625.     (Metcalfe,  p.  185.) 

2  James  Hay  first  Earl  of  Carlisle  (died  1636).     (D.  N.  B.) 

3  After  the  victory  of  Gustavus  Adolphus  at  Leipzig,  and  the  capture  of 
Maastricht  by  the  Prince  of  Orange  in  1632,  the  Archduchess  Isabella  began  to 
treat  for  peace,  but  these  negotiations  came  to  nothing.  (C.  M.  Davies,  History  of 
Holland,  1841-4,  ii,  p.  590.) 

*  'Arena  sine  calce,'  said  by  Caligula  of  the  works  of  Seneca.     (Suetonius, 
lg.  53.) 


342  LETTERS   OF    WOTTON 

I  will  have  a  care  in  my  letters  to  the  King's  only  sister !  (for  that 
is  now  her  published  style,  even  in  sermons)  so  to  commend  your 
Franke 2  unto  her  (whom  she  was  wont  to  call,  when  he  went  first 
over,  her  little  pig)  that  he  may  speedily  have  a  captain's  place. 

God  bless  him,  and  bless  your  whole  name  ;  to  which  I  am 
so  much  tied,  both  by  the  alliance  of  the  sweetest  niece  that  ever 
man  had,  and  by  your  own  kindness  since  her  departure  to  heaven. 
And  so  I  rest, 

Your  indissoluble  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Your  Hester 3  is  re-entered  into  the  green  sickness,  faulte  de  je  scay 
quoy. 

I  pray  burn  this  hasty  letter  when  you  have  read  it. 

Sir, 

If  you  have  (as  I  remember  once  you  told  me)  the  will  of  Sir 
William  Pickering 4,  I  pray  favour  me  with  a  copy  of  it  for  a  certain 
purpose ;  out  of  which  if  I  pick  any  good  you  shall  be  partaker 
of  it, 

I  have  been  for  the  most  part  sick  since  I  wrote  last  unto  you,  but 
am  now  cheerful  again. 

452.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  88  ;  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  460.     Another  duel ;  the  King's 
journey  to  Scotland  ;  foreign  news. 

From  my  Lodging  in  St.  Martins-lane 
by  the  Fields,  April  25,  1633. 

To  my  Noble  Nephew  many  cheerful  years. 

Sir, 

It  is  worth  the  noting  how  commonly  the  casual  firings  of 
houses  in  towns  do  follow  one  another ;  and  so  (methinks)  do  the 
inflammations  of  spirits  in  courts.  For  after  the  solemn  quenching 
of  our  late  quarrels  there  is  fallen  out  a  new,  and  shrewdly  pursued, 
between  Mr.  Harbert  Price,  a  sewer  to  the  Queen,  and  Mr.  Eliot, 
page  to  the  King. 

The  beginning,  they  say,  was  upon  very  slight  occasion ;  but 
because  a  young  lady  is  an  ingredient  in  the  story  I  will  pass 
it  over.     To  field  they  went  two  days  since  upon  hot  and  hasty 

1  The  Queen  of  Bohemia,  who  was  now  a  widow ;  her  husband,  Frederick  V. 
died  at  Bacharach,  Nov.  19,  1632. 

2  Frank  Bacon,  ante,  ii,  p.  311. 

3  Hester  Wotton,  ante,  ii,  p.  326. 

4  Edward  Lord  Wotton's  first  wife  was  Hester,  daughter  of  Sir  William 
Pickering. 


TO   SIR   EDMUND    BACON  343 

blood  (which  somewhat  saves  it  from  a  deliberate  duel),  both  shooting 
the  bridge  in  several  boats  ;  yet  the  matter  being  before  suspected, 
my  Lord  Chamberlain  sent  one  Mr.  Haies  (a  Scottish  man,  and 
a  good  surgeon,  though  of  late  an  ordinary  courtier  on  the  Queen's 
side)  in  quest  of  them,  who  found  them  both  on  the  Surry  side, 
a  mile  or  two  below  bridge,  closed,  and  (I  hear)  on  the  ground,  but 
Mr.  Price  already  hurt  in  three  places,  in  one  of  his  sides,  in  his  face, 
and  in  three  of  his  fingers :  the  other  is  come  off  untouched.  This 
Price  hath  been  formerly  bred  a  soldier,  and  sometimes  (they  say) 
a  lieutenant  in  the  Low  Provinces.  Mr.  Eliot  scarce  yet  a  man 
in  years ;  but  for  height  and  strength  at  his  full  prime,  and  in  both 
above  the  common  scantling.  The  King  is  herewith  highly  offended, 
succeeding  so  freshly  upon  the  late  reconcilements  :  and  it  is  doubted 
they  will  at  least  lose  their  places. 

The  journey  to  Scotland ■  continueth  hotly,  and  his  Majesty 
removeth  house  to  Theobalds,  that  way,  on  Saturday  come  fortnight. 
But  first  must  be  censured  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln2  for  too  many 
words,  and  the  citizens  of  London  in  their  undertakings  in  Ireland  ■ 
for  too  few  deeds ;  which,  I  believe,  will  both  trench  deep.  I  shall 
stay  long  enough  in  London  (not  intending  to  be  gone  before  the 
King's  remove)  to  tell  you  the  event :  and  truly  without  your 
beneficent  courtesy  I  had  been  wrapped  in  a  strange  riddle,  for 
I  could  neither  have  stayed  nor  departed. 

I  received  the  Communion  in  St.  Bartholomew's  on  Sunday  last 
(being  Easter  Day)  in  the  same  pew  with  your  Hester  and  her 
mother 4  ;  your  Hester  either  becomes  a  little  tincture  of  the  green 
sickness  well  or  that  becomes  her  well  :  well  she  looks,  I  am  sure, 
and  in  my  fancy  draws  towards  the  countenance  of  her  sister 
Stanhop  more  and  more,  but  stealingly.  My  niece  Margaret5  is 
come  home  from  her  artisan 6  in  Southwark,  with  some  pretty  amend- 
ment. The  manner  of  his  cure  in  those  imperfections  is  somewhat 
strange  ;  he  useth  no  bindings,  but  oils   and  strokings,  of  which 


1  Charles  I  went  to  Scotland  this  year,  entering  Edinburgh  on  June  15. 

2  John  Williams,  who  was  still  in  disgrace  with  Charles  I.  In  1628  a  charge 
was  brought  against  him,  before  the  Star  Chamber,  of  having  betrayed  secrets 
entrusted  to  him  as  a  Privy  Councillor.  In  1633  this  case  came  up  again. 
(Gardiner,  viii,  p.  251.) 

3  The  county  of  Londonderry  had  been  granted  to  the  principal  companies  of 
the  city  of  London,  on  the  condition  that  they  should  colonize  it  with 
Protestants.  The  conditions  of  their  charter  were  not  fulfilled  ;  and  in  1635 
the  sinr  Chamber  condemned  the  city  to  a  fine  of  £70,000  and  to  the  forfeiture 
of  the  land.     (Ibid.,  p.  59.) 

4  Mary,  daughter  of  Sir  Arthur  Throckmorton  of  Panlerspury,  and  wife  of 
Thomas  second  Lord  Wotton. 

s  Margaret  Wotton.  sister  of  Hester,  born  1617,  married  Sir  John  Tufton,  Kt. 
6  'Artisan,'  in  obsolete  sense  of  one  who  practises  an  art  ;  here  physician. 


344  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

I  take  him  to  be  (in  all  my  reading)  both  the  instrument  and  the 
author.  My  niece  Ann  ■  will  prove  one  of  the  handsomest  creatures 
of  the  world,  being  much  grown,  and  having  rectified  a  little  squint- 
ing or  oblique  look  which  she  had  in  one  of  her  eyes,  so  far  as  the 
remainder  will  turn  to  a  beauty.  Her  mother  hath  of  late  been 
much  troubled  (and  I  think  as  much  in  her  fancy,  which  is  the 
greater  cure,  as  in  her  body)  with  a  pain  in  her  right  side,  which 
changeth  place,  and  therefore  is  sure  but  a  flatuous  2  infirmity  :  yet  it 
hasteneth  her  removing  to  better  air. 

From  my  Lady,  my  sister 3  at  Canterbury,  we  hear  nothing  ; 
I  believe  she  is  in  travail  with  her  own  thoughts,  about  defacing 
the  inscription  of  the  tomb,  as  far  as  CatJwlico  and  Catholica  amount 
unto.  And  I  could  wish,  as  she  took  your  advice  in  the  intention 
and  word  upon  the  marble,  she  had  done  so  in  the  rest :  but  in  that 
you  were  no  apt  counsellor. 

Now  for  foreign  matters.  We  have  fair  tidings  from  Germany 
that  the  Princes  hold  fast  together,  and  things  go  well 4 ;  and  I  am 
of  opinion  that  when  those  parts  have  learnt  as  well  as  the  lower 
provinces  to  spend  a  summer  upon  the  siege  of  a  town,  the  war  will 
nestle  there  as  well  as  below.  For  they  abound  in  strong  places ; 
and  war  itself  is  a  great  refiner  of  spirits  in  little  time. 

The  States  are  in  the  field  earlier  than  heretofore  ;  and  in  all 
judgement  it  importeth  no  less  than  the  countenancing  and  covering 
of  a  general  revolt  of  the  Geheerten  Provinces 5,  as  they  call  them  :  oi 
that  more  in  my  next.     And  so,  Sir,  leaving  you  in  our  blessec 
Saviour's  love,  I  rest, 

Your  sviscerato  servidore, 

H.  WOTTON. 

Sir, 
When  I  have  sent  you  (as  I  will  do  by  the  next  carrier)  a  new 
character  I  will  open  my  files. 

1  Anne  Wotton  (sister  of  Hester  and  Margaret),  born  1622,  married  Sir 
Edward  Hales,  Kt.,  of  Tunstall,  Kent. 

2  '  Flatuous,'  i.  e.  flatulent.     Obs.     (JV.  E.  D.) 

3  Margaret,  daughter  of  Lord  Wharton,  and  second  wife  of  Edward  first  Lord 
Wotton.  'The  Lady  Wotton  was  fined  £500  the  last  week  in  the  High  Com- 
mission Court  for  an  inscription  she  put  upon  her  deceased  lord's  tomb,  viz. 
that  he  died  a  true  Catholic  of  the  Roman  Church  ;  and  for  removing  the  font 
to  set  up  the  said  tomb,  he  having  desired  to  be  buried  as  near  the  place  he 
received  his  baptism  as  he  might.'  Feb.  6,  1633.  (C.  &  T.  Charles  I,  ii,  p.  227  ; 
see  also  Foley,  i,  p.  206.) 

4  The  League  of  Heilbronn  was  signed  on  April  23.  '  The  four  circles  of  Swabia, 
Franconia,  and  the  Upper  and  Lower  Rhine  formed  a  union  with  Sweden  for 
mutual  support.'     (Gardiner,  30  Yrs.,  p.  164.) 

5  There  was  a  certain  amount  of  discontent  in  the  Flemish  Provinces  at  this 
time,  and  a  general  revolt  against  Spain  was  expected.  But  the  disaffection  was 
confined  to  the  nobles,  and  the  lower  orders  remained  faithful.  (Davies,  History 
of  Holland,  pp.  589,  590.) 


TO   SIR  EDMUND  BACON  345 

453.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  94;  Beliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  463.     Foreign  news;  some  new 
inventions,  &c. 

St.  Martin's  lane  by  the  Fields, 
the  3  of  June,  1633. 

to  my  noble  nephew  long  and  cheerful  years. 
Sir, 

This  other  day  at  the  Cock-pit  in  Shoe-lane  (where  myself  am  rara 

arts)  your  nephew  Mr.  Robert  Bacon1  came  very  kindly  to  me,  with 

whom  I  was  glad  to  refresh  my  acquaintance,  though  I  had  rather  it 

had  been  in  the  theatre  of  Redgrave. 

I  asked  him  of  his  brother,  your  Frank  ;  and  he  told  me  he  had 

been  so  hindered  by  winds  as  he  thought  he  was  not  yet  gotten 

over  ;  at  which  I  was  sorry,  for  he  hath  lost  the  honour  of  taking 

Rheinberge2.     He  may  come  yet  timely  enough  to  see  Guelders 

yielded,  and  after  that  to  have  his  share  in  Juliers,  which  they  write 

from  the  camp  will  be  the  next  piece  ;  and  so  the  States  will  be 

masters  of  all  the  tract  that  lies  between  the  Maese  and  the  Rhene, 

and    backed   with    one  of    the  fattest   provinces    of  Christendom. 

Besides,  we  hear  they  have  recovered  their  former  footing  in  Brasil 3, 

and  beaten  the  Spanish  fleet.     It  is  hard  to  say  into  what  these 

prosperities  will  run  out ;  for  surely,  if  they  can  establish  a  right 

correspondency  with  the  upper  armies  of  Germany,  and  either  both 

hold  out  or  neither  agree  without  the  other,  even  this  summer  will 

breed  notable  effects,  and  among  other,  I  hope,  the  restitution  of  the 

Palatinate,  where,  as  much  as  the  Swede  had  taken  is  offered  for 

16,000  dollars ;    whereof  the  half  is  paid  already  by  the  Duke  of 

Simmern  4,  administrator  to  the  young  Palatine  in  his  minority,  and 

the  other  moiety  is  expected  from  hence.     One  thing  I  must  not 

omit  to  tell  you,  that  the  said  young  Prince  was  at  the  siege  of 

Rheinberge  to  initiate  him  in  action.     The  young  Cardinal  Infante 5 

is  come,  you  know,   to  Milan,   and  they  say  will  there  reside  as 

Governor  till  he  can  recover  Casale  and  Pignerolo  and  purge  Italy  of 

the  French :  so  as  I  believe  he  will  come  to  Bruxels  (for  thither  he 

finally  tends)  in  the  Spanish  pace.     Having  thus  a  little  skimmed 

over  our  foreign  news,  give  me  leave  now  to   entertain  you  with 

1  Robert  Bacon,  son  of  Sir  Robert  Bacon,  Sir  Edmund  Bacon's  brother. 

2  Rbeinberg  and  Fort  Philippine  in  Flanders  were  the  only  places  taken  by 
the  Prince  of  Orange  in  this  year.     (Davies,  History  of  Holland,  ii,  p.  591.) 

3  At  Olinda  in  Pernambuco.     (Ibid.,  p.  578.) 

4  Uncle  of  the  young  Count  Palatine,  Charles  Louis;  the  Swedes  agreed  to 
h.unl  over  to  him  the  strong  places  they  held  in  the  Palatinate  for  a  small  sum 
of  money,  which  was  paid  by  Charles  I.     (Gardiner,  vii,  p.  34.'$.) 

5  Ferdinand,  brother  of  Philip  IV.  He  succeeded  the  Infanta  Isabella  (who 
died  Nov.  22,  1633)  as  Governor  of  the  Flemish  Provinces.     (Ibid.,  p.  346.) 


346  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

some  novelties  of  art.  I  send  you  herewith  two  printed  caps, 
a  triangular  salt-cellar,  and  the  top  of  an  amber  ring.  The  caps 
is  a  pretty  fresh  invention  ■  of  a  very  easy  rate,  for  they  will  run 
shortly  at  some  sixpence  apiece,  and  they  say  the  sale  is  monopolized 
by  a  woman  at  Amsterdam  ;  which  may  come  to  some  pretty  per- 
fection in  the  ornament  of  curtains  and  valances  of  beds,  or  in  some 
fine  historified  table-cloth  for  a  banquet,  or  the  like.  In  the  inven- 
tion of  the  salt-cellar  you  have  an  interest  yourself;  for  I  remember, 
Sir,  you  showed  me  a  whole  furniture  of  marble  salt-cellars  for 
a  table  of  your  bespeaking.  But  there  is  one  that  hath  only  gone 
beyond  you  in  the  cheapness  of  the  material ;  for  this  which  you 
now  receive  is  but  of  seacoal,  and  it  is  strange  to  see  what  a  polish- 
ment  so  base  a  stuff  doth  take,  like  the  ennobling  of  a  clown.  To 
the  broken  ring  there  belongs  a  little  more  discourse.  I  bought 
it  for  a  trifle  in  Lombard  Street  long  since,  because  it  had  a  fly 
entombed  in  the  sealing  part ;  which,  if  it  had  been  precisely  in  the 
middle,  would  have  showed  like  the  sculpture  of  the  signet  itself. 
Now  a  while  since,  by  a  fall  from  a  table  to  the  ground  it  brake, 
though  in  a  boarded  room  ;  whereupon  there  fell  a  conceit  into 
my  mind  that  the  ring  was  artificial  amber,  and  not  natural  ;  as 
indeed  my  servant  Giovanni  and  I  have  since  plainly  discovered. 

Now  I  cannot  choose  but  smile  when  I  think  how  much  more  the 
first  seller  of  it  might  have  had  from  me  for  the  falsehood  (if  he 
would  have  said  so)  than  for  the  truth  :  for  surely  many  rare  things 
may  be  made  of  this  composition,  and  entire  insectiles  2  of  any  great- 
ness, and  in  any  posture  be  enclosed  therein  ;  which  I  am  sure  will 
inflame  you,  as  it  hath  set  me  on  fire  already,  to  find  the  way  how 
to  clarify  the  pasta,  which  seems  to  be  of  rosin,  and  perchance  some 
dust  of  true  amber.  And  thus  you  see  what  easy  ways  I  take  to 
please  myself,  while  I  am  conversing  with  you.  Let  me  add 
to  these  a  strange  thing  to  be  seen  in  London  for  a  couple  of  pence, 
which  I  know  not  whether  I  should  call  a  piece  of  art  or  nature  : 
it  is  an  Englishman,  like  some  swabber  of  a  ship  come  from  the 
Indies,  where  he  hath  learned  to  eat  fire  as  familiarly  as  ever  I  saw 
any  eat  cakes,  even  whole  glowing  brands,  which  he  will  crash  with 
his  teeth  and  swallow.  I  believe  he  hath  been  hard  famished  in 
the  Terra  de  Fuego,  on  the  south  of  the  Magellan  strait. 

Sir,  I  have  heard  (I  know  not  by  whom)  that  you  had  a  purpose 
to  be  here  this  "Whitsuntide 3 ;  but  imagining  that  at  least  Mr. 
Chitock  may  meet  you  by  the   way,   I  have  ventured  the  trouble 

1  Calico  printing,  first  invented  in  Holland  at  about  this  date. 

2  '  Insectiles,'  i.  e.  insects.     Obs.     (2f.  E.  D.) 

3  Whitsunday  fell  on  June  9  in  1633. 


TO   SIR   EDMUND   BACON  347 

of  these  lines  unto  you.  For  mine  own  estate,  I  must  acquaint  you 
(because  whether  well  or  ill,  I  am  yours)  that  of  late  I  have  been 
much  troubled  with  certain  splenetic  vapours,  mounting  to  the  top 
of  my  stomach  when  it  is  empty,  for  which  I  am  in  a  course  of 
gentle  physic  at  the  present,  remembering  that  of  Galen,  ego  soleo 
hortari  awicos  mcos,  ut  in  melancholias  affectionibus  abstincant  a  vali- 
dioribus  remediis.     My  best  physic  will  be  your  company, 

To  whom  there  is  none  bound  in  truer  service  than 

Henry  Wotton. 


454.     'Doctis  Advenis.' 

Tychonis  Brahe,  Astronomiae  Instauratae  Mechanica,  Vandesburgi,  1598. 
Bodleian  Archives,  D.  32.  Holograph  on  reverse  of  title-page.  In  this 
rare  and  beautiful  book,  bought  by  Wotton  from  the  library  of  the 
Doge  Marino  Grimani  (see  ante,  i,  p.  78)  and  presented  to  the  Bodleian, 
are  two  holograph  Latin  poems  of  Tycho  Brahe  addressed  to  the  Doge 
Grimani,  and  a  MS.  list  of  fixed  stars,  besides  many  coloured  plates  of 
astronomical  instruments. 

Anno  unici  Mediatoris  inter  Deum  et  homines, 

CIOIOCXXXIII, 

Ipsis  Augusti  Mensis 
Eidibus. 

(Aug.  13,  1633.) 

Henricus  Wottonius, 
Doctis  Advenis 

S. 

Sciat  lector  hunc  librum  complecti  partim  Mechanica  typis  excusa 
coloribusque  depicta  :  quibus  Ticho  Brahe,  Nobilis  Danus,  usus 
est  ex  sua  propria  inventione,  sumptuque  Regio  in  rimandis  Coeli 
arcanis,  partim,  prosphonetica  duo  epigrammata  cum  inerrantium 
Stdlarum  octavi  orbis  accurato  Canonc  propria  eiusdem  manu  exarata 
(quern  Cimbricum  Ptolemaeum  merito  vocemus),  Et  ab  ipso  Scri- 
ptore  Marino  Grimanno  Venetorum  turn  Principi  oblata,  haud  dubie 
hoc  consilio  ut  Bcssoriana  Venctiis  Bibliotheca  conderentur ;  quae 
quum  postea  inter  alios  MS.  codices  casu  coempta  in  possessionem 
meam  devenissent,  ex  Musaeolo  nostro  Etonae,  Oxoniitm  Almam 
olim  Altricem  meam  transferri  curavimus,  eiusdemque  Praecelebri 
Bibliothecae  perpetuo  consecrari  volumus  1 :  KcifxrjXiov  ob  Authoris 
Memoriam  ingentis  Pretii, 

Ob  Donatoris,  Nullius. 

1  In  1604  Wotton  had  presented  to  the  Bodleian  a  MS.  of  the  Koran.  {Annals 
of  the  Bodleian  Library,  Macray,  1890,  p.  31.) 


348  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

455.     To  John  Dynely. 

Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  569.  'To  my  most  dear  and  worthy  friend,  Mr.  John 
Dinely,  Secretary  to  the  Queen  of  Bohemia.'  Written  while  on  a  visit 
to  some  friends  of  Dynely's.     Foreign  news ;  Wotton's  Plausus  et  Vota. 

From  you  know  where,  Dec.  10,  1633. 
My  dear  J.  Dinely, 

(For  I  am  loath  to  lose  the  possession  of  our  familiarity)  you  left 

me  here  your  letters  and  your  love  in  deposito,  and  I  have  since 

received  other  from  you,  somewhat  of  a  sad  complexion,  touching 

the  affairs  of  Germany  as  then  they  stood.     But  more  newly  we 

hear  that  Barnard  of  Weinmar  doth  miracles  upon  the  Danuby,  the 

river  sometimes  of  our  merry  passage.1 

We  wish  in  this  house  (where  you  have  placed  me  with  much 
contentment)  that  every  molehill  that  he  takes  were  a  province  ; 
and  that  the  Duke  of  Bavaria  were  not  only  fled  to  Saltzburg  (as  is 
voiced),  but  even  to  the  capital  of  Rome,  and  all  others  with  him 
that  adore  the  purple  Beast. 

Here  we  live  in  daily  (sed  hoc  lentum  est),  let  me  say,  in  hourly 
(quin  et  Mud  frigidum) 2,  nay,  in  continual  remembrance  of  our  royal 
mistress,  the  very  triumph  of  virtue.  I  have  at  the  present  written 
to  her  Majesty,  as  I  shall  do  often,  being  now  in  the  proper  place  of 
her  addresses,  and  of  such  opportunity  to  express  our  zeals  as  hath 
left  a  lazy  pen  no  imaginable  excuse  hereafter. 

Through  your  hand  I  now  send  her  my  late  panegyric  3,  which 
I  blush  to  tell  you  how  well  it  takes  here  with  some  indulgent  and 
merciful  readers. 

The  interpretation  to  her  Majesty  of  as  much  therein  as  concerneth 
herself4  I  can  commit  to  no  spirit  more  sweetly  than  to  yours,  who 
are  so  conversant  with  her  virtues. 

With  us  here  things  stand  as  you  left  them.  Most  indubitably  an 
infinite  affection  in  the  King  towards  so  precious  an  only  sister  ;  but 
I  know  not  well  how  our  times  will  sort  with  your  propositions. 
Yet  I  hope  well,  as  Abraham  did  when  he  wanted  a  sacrifice,  Dens 
providebit.*     And  so  for  this  time,  in  confused  haste  I  rest, 

Your  ever  vowed  poor  friend, 

Henry  Wotton. 

I  have  written  to  the  Queen  touching  James  Vary,  who  commits 

1  In  1620,  when  Dynely  went  with  Wotton  to  Vienna.  (Ante,  i,  p.  170  n.) 
Bernhard  of  Weimar  captured  Ratisbon  in  November  1633. 

2  '  Nimis  ille  quidem  lentus  in  dicendo,  et  paene  frigidus.'      (Cicero,  Brut.  48.) 

3  Ad  Regem  e  Scotia  Reducem  Henrici  Wottonii  Plausus  et  Vota  (ante,  i,  p.  206).  On 
Dec.  6,  1633,  Garrard  wrote  to  Wentworth  that  it  had  been  published  that  week. 
{Strafford  Pp.,  i,  p.  167.) 

4  See  ante,  ii,  p.  297.  5  Gen.  xxii,  8. 


<Dec?  1633.) 


TO   JOHN   DYNELY  349 

himself  to  your  affectionate  memory.     And  we  languish  for  a  return 
from  you. 

I  pray  remember  my  humble  service  to  his  Majesty's  most  worthy 
resident1  with  you,  to  whom  and  to  my  noble  secretary3  I  will  write 
by  the  next  occasion. 

456.  To  . 

7iV//,/.,  1st  ed.,  p.  456 ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  357.  Sent  with  a  copy  of  Wotton's 
Plausus  et  Vota,  dated  ■  1633 ',  probably  written  in  December,  when 
the  book  was  published. 

Right  Honourable, 

I  received  such  a  letter  from  you  touching  my  poor  pamphlet  of 
Architecture,  which  I  yet  preserve  among  my  preciousest  papers, 
as  I  have  made  it  a  resolution  to  put  nothing  forth  under  my  name 
without  sending  one  of  the  first  copies  unto  your  indulgent  hands. 

There  is  borne  a  small  welcome  to  the  King  from  Scotland 3  (whom 
I  have  not  yet  seen  since  his  return),  I  know  not  how,  out  of  a  little 
indignation.  They  have  sent  us  over  from  Leiden,  from  France, 
from  Polonia,  &c,  a  tempest  of  panegyrics  and  laudatives  of  their 
Princes  ;  whereupon  I  debated  with  myself  :  What  ?  Have  we  not 
as  good  a  theme  and  theatre  as  they  ?  Or  do  we  want  sense,  or  zeal 
to  express  our  happiness  ?  This  stirred  my  very  bowels,  and  within 
a  while  my  pen,  such  as  it  is.  I  confess  the  subject  is  so  high 
as  I  fear  may  condemn  my  obscurity  to  have  undertaken  it  ;  but 
withal  so  true  as  I  hope  will  not  misbecome  mine  ingenuity. 
Howsoever,  I  submit  it  to  your  judgement :  and  if  in  charity  you  shall 
be  pleased  to  like  anything  in  it,  I  humbly  beseech  you  that  you 
would  be  pleased  to  take  some  occasion  of  speaking  favourably  of  it 
to  the  King  himself;  for  though  I  aim  at  nothing  by  it,  save  the 
very  doing  of  it,  yet  I  should  be  glad  to  have  it  impressed  by  better 
judgements  than  my  own.     And  so  I  must  humbly  rest, 

At,  &c. 

457.  To  . 

Beh'q.,  2nd  ed.,  p.  488  ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  332.     No  date  or  address ;  perhaps  to  the 
same  person  as  the  letter  above.    Wotton  sends  a  present  of  pictures, 
and  asks  for  news. 
Sir, 

I  send  you  by  this  bearer  (to  keep  you  in  mirth)  a  piping 

shepherd,  done  by  Cavalier  Bassano 4,  and  so  well  as  may  merit  some 

1  Sir  William  Boswell. 

2  Countess  von  Levenstein  (ante,  ii,  p.  324). 

3  Charles  I  left  Edinburgh  on  July  18,  on  his  return  home.      (Gardiner,  vii, 
1>.  290.) 

*  Cavaliere  Leandro  Bassano  (1560-1023). 


350  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

place  in  your  chamber,  which  I  hear  is  the  centre  of  good  music  ; 
to  which,  out  of  my  pieces  at  home,  I  have  commanded  James1 
to  add  a  Messara  playing  upon  a  timbril,  done  by  Allessandro 
Padovano 2,  a  rising  Titian,  as  we  esteem  him. 

Good  Sir,  let  us  know  some  true  passages  of  the  plight  of  the 
Court.  I  have  laid  about  for  some  constant  intelligence  from  foreign 
parts,  being  strangely  relapsed  into  that  humour  in  my  old  age. 
Shall  I  tell  you  why  ?  In  good  faith,  for  no  other  use  that  I  mean 
to  make  of  news,  but  only  that  when  God  shall  call  me  to  a  better 
I  may  know  in  what  state  I  leave  this  world. 

Your  affectionate  friend  to  serve  you, 

H.  Wotton. 

458.     To  . 

S.  P.  Dom.  Charles  1,  cclxvii,  85,  dictated.     Recommendation  of 
Lawrence  Lister,  Scholar  of  Eton.     • 

At  his  Majesty's  College  of  Eaton, 
this  14th  of  May,  1634. 

Being  requested  to  deliver  my  opinion  of  Lawrence  Lyster s, 
at  the  present  one  of  the  scholars  of  his  Majesty's  College  at  Eaton, 
for  the  comfort  of  his  friends,  who  are  desirous  to  be  truly  informed 
what  they  may  conceive  of  him  for  his  future  application,  I  must  in 
all  truth  testify  that  for  outward  behaviour  and  proficiency  and  good- 
ness of  disposition  he  is  one  of  the  hopefullest  and  fittest  boys 
of  the  said  school  to  be  chosen  at  the  next  election  of  this  year 
for  Cambridge,  being  already  of  our  highest  form,  and  the  last  year 
nominated  for  preferment  if  place  should  fall  out,  and  every  way  so 
qualified  as  is  worthy  of  the  best  commend  or. 

459.     To  Sie  Francis  Windebank4. 

S.  P.  Dom.  Charles  I,  cclxxxiv.  No.  68,  holograph.  Wotton  arrested  for 
debt.  Dated  'Thursday  morning',  and  endorsed  March  12,  1634-5 
(March  12  fell  on  Thursday  in  1634-5  O.S.). 

From  my  chamber  and  prison,  this  Thursday  morning, 
(March  12,  1635). 

Eight  Honourable  and  Most  Worthy  Sir, 

I  humbly  beseech  you  to  receive  into  your  tender  and  generous 
heart  (for  those  attributes  are  indissociable)  a  feeling  of  my  miserable 

1  James  Vary. 

2  Alessandro  Varotari,  it  Padovanino  (1580-1640). 

3  Lawrence  Lister,  son  of  Sir  William  Lister,  Kt.,  Fellow  of  King's  College, 
elected  to  King's  College,  1635,  died  1639.     (King's  College  Catalogue.) 

4  Sir  Francis  Windebank  (1582-1646)  succeeded  Lord  Dorchester  (Sir  Dudley 
Carleton)  as  secretary  of  state  in  1632.  He  was  in  Venice  in  1607,  where  he 
made  Wotton's  acquaintance,  and  Wotton  bequeathed  to  him  some  pictures 
{ante,  i,  p.  217).      He  fled  abroad  in  1640,  and  died  in  Paris  in  1646.      (I>.  N.  B.) 


TO    SIR   FRANCIS    WINDEBANK  351 

case  in  a  point,  if  not  of  life,  yet  of  liberty,  which  is  next  to  life,  and 
of  honour,  which  is  above  life.  Thus  it  hath  befallen  me.  On 
Friday  of  the  last  week,  coming  homewards  from  Wallingford 
House,  where  I  had  been  to  attend  my  Lord  Treasurer's  leisure  and 
health,  I  was,  in  the  midst  of  St.  Martin's  Lane,  arrested  on  the  way 
in  my  coach,  like  a  stroke  of  thunder,  by  a  number  of  Westminster 
bailiffs,  upon  a  debt  driven  to  an  execution  for  £300  in  the  principal, 
besides  some  other  pretended  interest  and  charge  in  the  pursuit. 
They  would  have  carried  me  immediately  to  the  Gatehouse,  or  to 
some  alehouse ;  but  being  too  stubborn  to  yield  to  that,  I  got  them 
to  attend  me  gently  to  my  lodging,  where  I  have  lived  ever  since 
under  the  custody  of  some  of  those  rude  and  costly  inmates.  But 
they  stick  not  to  let  me  know  that  this  cannot  last ;  for  unless  the 
party  at  whose  suit  it  hath  been  done  be  some  way  satisfied,  I  must 
within  a  while  train  my  chain  after  me  into  some  dungeon.  Which 
would  be  strange  both  to  myself  and  perhaps  to  the  world  ;  especially 
being  due  unto  me  out  of  his  Majesty's  exchequer,  partly  upon  my 
foreign  accounts,  and  partly  upon  my  pension  (granted  first  by 
King  James  of  blessed  memory,  and  augmented  by  my  present 
Sovereign2),  some  hundreds  above  three  thousand  pounds,  as  truly 
as  this  hand  wherewith  I  write  it  is  mine  own.  I  have  stood 
suspiring  and  languishing  for  the  recovery  of  my  noble  Lord 
Treasurer  ;  but  his  infirmity  lingereth,  and  mine  can  endure  no  truce 
of  time.  And  my  Lord  Cottington 3  sends  me  word  that  he,  in  this 
interim,  can  do  nothing.  Therefore,  dear  Sir,  in  honour,  in  love,  in 
pity,  and  in  all  the  affections  of  humanity,  be  pleased  to  convey  my 
case  unto  my  most  dear  and  most  gracious  Sovereign,  who,  I  am 
confident  will  not  suffer  me  out  of  his  royal  and  excellent  nature, 
after  more  than  twenty  years  of  public  service  abroad,  both  in 
ordinary  and  extraordinary  ambassages  to  great  Princes  and  States, 
to  be  smitten  in  mine  old  age  (according  to  the  prophet's  expression) 
into  the  place  of  dragons.4     And  so,   Sir,  I  heartily  commit  you 


1  The  Earl  of  Portland  (Lord  Treasurer),  who  had  been  ill  for  some  time,  died 
on  March  13.  After  his  death  the  Treasury  was  put  into  commission,  and 
Windebank  was  one  of  the  commissioners,  with  Laud,  Cottington,  Manchester, 
and  Coke.  (Gardiner,  vii,  pp.  378,  379.)  On  March  12  Garrard  wrote  to  Lord 
Wentworth,  '  Sir  Henry  Wotton  is  at  this  time  under  an  arrest  for  three 
hundred  pounds  upon  execution,  and  lies  by  it.  He  was  taken  coming  from 
the  Lord  Treasurer's,  soliciting  a  debt  of  four  thousand  pounds  due  to  him 
from  the  King/     (Strafford  Pp.,  i,  p.  338.) 

a  Pension  of  £200  a  year  granted  in  April,  1611,  increased  to  £500  in  1629 
(ante,  p.  316 n.). 

3  Sir  Francis  Cottington,  Lord  Cottington  (1578?-1652),  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer  1629-42.     (D.  N.  B.) 

4  •  Though  thou  hast  sore  broken  us  in  the  place  of  dragons,  and  covered  us 
with  the  shadow  of  death.'     (Ps.  xliv,  19.) 


352  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

to  all  cheerful  joys,   and  myself  to  the  meditation   of  mine  own 
misery.1 

Remaining  all  yours  that  remains  of  me, 

Henry  Wotton. 


460.    To  Sir  Gervase  Clifton. 

Clifton  Hall  MS.    Sir  Gervase   Clifton  at  Eton ;    letters  of  Francis 
Bacon  ;  the  fleet ;  foreign  news. 

From  your  College, 
This  6th  of  June  1635. 
Right  noble  Sir, 

I  shall  yet,  before  the  expiration  of  this  short-lived  term,  make 
a  start  to  London,  to  give  you  many  many  thanks  for  furnishing  my 
poor  rooms  in  my  absence  with  as  absolute  a  master  of  them  as 
myself.  Nay  more  indeed ;  for  I  am  only  so  by  the  Fellows' 
election,  and  you  shall  be  even  so,  both  by  theirs  and  mine,  whether 
I  be  here  or  not.  If  there  were  nothing  else  to  be  said,  you  have 
paid  richly  for  your  lodging  with  a  letter  which  you  left  behind 
you.  In  answer  thereof  I  have  sent  you  a  rhapsody  of  the  late 
Lord  of  St.  Albans'  letters 2 ;  for  any  of  mine  are  too  weak  an 
exchange.  I  shall  bring  with  me  (though  that  be  not  the  proper 
humour  of  cloistered  men)  some  curiosity  to  know  what  will  become 
of  our  fleet 3.  That  business  was  hatched  in  an  eagle's  nest,  above 
my  reach.  And  I  confess  it  is  not  fit  for  me  at  this  age  to  climb  for 
aeries,  yet  there  hangs  still  upon  me,  since  my  foreign  vagations, 
I  know  not  how,  a  little  concupiscence  of  novelty.  I  am  glad  to 
hear  that  the  late  success  of  Chatillion4  hath  soldered   again  the 

1  On  March  16,  1634-5,  a  '  Protection '  for  the  space  of  a  year  was  granted  to 
Wotton  by  Windebank  (Bocquet  Book,  xl),  and  he  was  no  doubt  released.  The 
money  owing  him  from  the  Government  was  never  paid,  but  possibly  his 
friends  helped  him  with  his  debts.  A.  Clogie,  Bedell's  son-in-law,  in  his  Life 
of  Bedell,  says  :  '  in  his  adversity  D.  B.  was  much  afflicted  for  him,  and  not  un- 
mindful of  him  when  his  potent  friends  forgot  him,  to  let  such  an  able  states- 
man die  in  prison,  having  superexpended  himself  for  the  public,  as  many 
public  ministers  of  State  often  do  to  their  own  ruin.'  (Two  Biog.,  p.  91.) 
Wotton,  of  course,  did  not  die  in  prison,  but  it  is  possible  that  Bedell  helped 
him  at  this  time. 

a  In  the  British  Museum  (Lansd.  MS.  238)  is  a  collection  of  letters  ■  to  and 
from  persons  of  eminence  in  the  reigns  of  Elizabeth,  James  I,  and  Charles  I, 
made  by  some  person  in  the  service  of  Sir  Gervase  Clifton '.  Besides  the  copy  of 
a  letter  from  Sir  Henry  Wotton  (ante,  ii,  p.  327),  this  collection  contains 
eighteen  of  Bacon's  letters,  none,  however,  to  Wotton,  and  all  printed  by 
Spedding  from  other  sources. 

3  The  Ship  Money  fleet  sailed  June  6,  1637,  and  after  accomplishing  nothing 
of  importance  was  dispersed  Oct.  8.     (Gardiner,  vii,  pp.  384,  390.) 

4  On  May  20,  1635,  Marshal  de  Chatillon,  in  command  of  a  French  army, 
defeated  the  Spanish  troops  under  the  Prince  of  Carignan  at  Avein  in  the 
Ardennes.     (Martin,  Histoire  de  France,  xi,  pp.  431,  432.) 


TO   SIR   QERVASE   GLIFTON  353 

Princes   of  Germany,   who   were    tied   before    together    but   with 
mouth-glue. 

I  do  contemplate  the  Pope  (according  to  the  Italian  comparison) 
as  perplexed  now  as  a  flea  in  a  bottom  of  flax ;  and  I  believe  we 
shall  have  black  consistories  shortly,  I  mean  till  midnight,  as  they 
call  them.  God  make  them  (in  the  wish  of  the  prophet)  like 
a  wheel,1  full  of  agitation  and  giddiness ;  and  give  us  rest  in  His 
love. 

Your  poor  hearty  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

461.    To  Sir  Gervase  Clifton. 

Clifton  Hull  MS.  Addressed  '  To  the  right  noble  Knight,  my  ever  honoured 
Friend,  Sir  Gervas  Clifton,  knt.,  Baronet,  in  St.  Martin's  lane  by  the 
fields.'    Wotton  unable  to  come  to  London ;  ■  a  rustic  evasion '. 

From  his  Majesty's  College, 
this  eve  of  Midsummer  Day,  1635. 

Most  dear  Sir,  and  ever  much  honoured, 

I  fear  my  letters  will  appear  unto  you  like  the  births  of  vipers, 
wherein  they  say  the  latter  always  devours  the  former.  For  whereas 
I  verily  thought  (as  I  wrote  before)  to  have  fallen  at  least  upon  the 
skirts  of  the  last  term,  I  am  sorry  to  tell  you  in  this  that  I  can 
hardly  be  in  London  before  your  going— and  when  you  are  gone, 
for  me  let  the  streets  be  paved  with  grass.  I  must  here  moulder 
and  fence  out2  my  time,  lacking  indeed  a  little  wanton  money  to 
move  ;  for  that  is  the  organ  of  agitation.  But  wheresoever  you 
shall  be,  noble  Sir,  give  me  leave,  as  often  as  I  can  find  opportunity, 
to  excite  with  somewhat  your  unvaluable  lines,  wherein  there  is 
such  a  spirit  of  life  and  love  as  methinks  they  set  back  mine  yet 
while  I  read  them  ;  contrary  to  that  notorious  passage  of  Aristo- 
phanes, who,  I  remember,  in  his  comedy  of  the  Frogs,  upon  some 
cold  expression,  makes  one  cry  out  that  he  was  a  year  the  older  for 
hearing  it."  Believe  it,  Sir,  your  friends  whom  you  will  favour  are 
far  from  that  danger. 

Now  for  your  last  entertainment  of  this  retired  place,  what  shall 
I  return  unto  you  ?  You  shall  see  our  emptiness.  Instead  of  more 
substantial  matter  I  am  fain  for  exchange  to  send  you  a  fresh 
apothegm,  or  at  least  freshly  brought  to  me  from  Windsor  by  one 
who  perchance  had  noted  me  to  take  some  delight  in  such  ware. 

1  '  0  my  God,  make  them  like  a  wheel ;  as  the  stubble  before  the  wind.' 
;Ps.  lxxxiii,  13.) 

2  '  Fence  out,'  to  spend  or  lay  out  money  ;  old  slang.     (N.  E.  D.) 

urav  ti  tovtwv  twv  oo<piancna)V  i5o>, 
it\(iv  fj  \iavrw  npffffivTfpos  diripxoficu.     (Frogs,  17.  18.) 
wotton.   ii  X  a 


354  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

In  that  town  is  a  good  hearty  old  gentleman,  by  name  Mr.  Hudson, 
who  charitably  employed  a  plain  poor  man  to  cleave  his  wood,  and 
in  such  other  mean  offices  about  his  house.  This  man  hearing  that 
the  gentleman  was  not  well,  asked  one  of  his  nearer  servants  how 
his  master  did,  who  told  him  he  kept  his  bed.  'Marry?  quoth  he, 
*  I  am  glad  of  tliat ' ;  whereupon  the  poor  fellow  being  called  to  some 
account  as  an  unthankful  and  ill-natured  person  that  had  sustenance 
from  him,  maintains  his  saying  with  such  an  apology  as  was  enough 
to  make  him  well,  though  he  had  not  been  so  before.  For  being 
questioned  by  Mr.  Hudson  himself  why  he  should  bear  him  such 
bad  affection,  'truly  Sir,'  said  he,  'I  am  mistaken;  for  when  your 
servant  told  me  you  kept  your  bed,  I  must  confess  I  said  I  was  glad 
of  that,  for  I  can  assure  you  I  was  fain  to  sell  mine  the  last  week.9 
And  so  with  this  not  unpleasant  rural  evasion,  I  commit  you  to 
your  journey  with  your  whole  family,  and  to  God's  dearest  blessings 
over  you  all,  remaining, 

Your  faithful  poor  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 
Sir, 

If  before  your  going  I  might  press  upon  you  so  much  favour, 
I  would  beg  your  opinion  in  a  line  or  two  whether  we  shall  have 
a  single  Lord  Treasurer  shortly,  and  if  so,  whether  spiritual  or 
temporal ;  which  is  a  providence  that  may  concern  a  poor  man  in 
his  arrearages. 

462.    To  William  Juxon  (?). 

S.  P.  Bom.  Charles  I,  ccxcix,  No.  14,  holograph.  Wotton  congratulates  his 
correspondent  (probably  Jaxon a)  on  his  prospective  appointment  to  the 
Lord  Treasurership. 

From  his  Majesty's  College  at  Eton, 
this  4th  of  October,  1635. 
Right  honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

Since  I  saw  your  Lordship  I  have  been  sick  two  or  three  times, 
but  I  am  (God  be  praised)  well  and  cheerful  again,  save  some 
weakness  in  my  legs,  which  like  pillars  and  posts  are  the  first 
parts  that  yield  in  an  old  fabric. 

I  have  another  infirmity  in  my  fortune,  almost  stronger  than  the 
care  of  my  health,  wherein,  under  his  Majesty  (who  hath  lately 
given  me  great  assurance  of  his  gracious  love),  I  chiefly  depend  on 
your  Lordship.     Therefore,  good  my  Lord,  give  me  leave  to  con- 

1  William  Juxon  (1582-1663),  Bishop  of  London  1633,  was  at  this  time  Laud's 
candidate  for  the  Lord  Treasurership  in  opposition  to  Cottington.  He  was 
formally  appointed  on  March  6,  1636.  {Gardiner,  viii,  p.  141.)  In  1660,  at  the 
Restoration,  Juxon  was  made  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 


TO    WILLIAM    JUXON(?) 

gratulate  your  assumption  to  tho  Trensnrership  of  this  kingdom 
)>efore  I  actually  hear  it ;  for  we  that  have  been  long  students  in 
philosophy  use  to  anticipate  effects  in  their  causes,  and  to  foresee 
promotions  latent  in  liabilities.  I  make  the  more  haste,  because 
I  have  occasion  herein  to  congratulate  with  myself  for  the  good 
which  I  expect  from  your  Lordship,  out  of  your  noble  feeling  of  my 
necessities,  after  so  long  employments  abroad.  And  when  his 
Majesty  shall  have  promoved  your  Lordship  to  the  said  high  place 
and  charge,  I  will  give  him  (how  obscure  soever  I  am)  most  humble 
thanks  for  that  act  of  his  judgement  and  goodness,  because  I  find 
within  my  readings  that  qui  honorcm  aut  beneficium  digno  clat  onines 
oblic/at.1     God  bless  your  Lordship, 

v  To  whom  a  poor  humble  devoted  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

463.    To  the  Earl  of  Cork. 

Lismore  Pp.,  2nd  Ser.,  iii,  p.  219.     Endorsed  '13  January,  1635'  (date  of 
receipt).     Wotton  recommends  a  tutor  for  the  sons  of  Lord  Cork. 

(London,  November  24,  1635.) 

Right  honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

I  write  this  unto  your  Lordship  on  Monday  morning,  the  24th 
of  November,  from  London,  whence  I  am  returning  to-morrow, 
after  three  weeks  absence,  to  my  poor  cell  again  at  Eton,  where 
I  hope  to  find  your  sweet  children 2  as  well  as  I  left  them. 

I  have  for  my  part  been  in  this  fumy  city  with  little  contentment, 
having,  except  very  few  days,  been  for  the  rest  confined  to  my 
chamber  with  an  extreme  defluxion  from  my  head,  which  is  a 
familiar  that  ever  haunteth  me  here,  especially  in  winter.  Yet 
I  have  had  your  Lordship's  commands  in  my  meditation,  touching 
your  two  designed  travellers  'A ;  wherein  I  will  deliver  my  opinion 

1  '  Beneficium  dignis  ubi  des,  omnes  obliges.'  Pub.  Syri  Mimi  Sententiae 
(ed.  Otto  Friedrich,  1880,  p.  33). 

2  Richard  Boyle  first  Earl  of  Cork  (1566-1643)  sent  in  Sept.  1635  two  of  his 
sons,  Francis  (afterwards  Viscount  Shannon)  and  Robert  (1627-91)  (afterwards 
the  famous  physicist  and  chemist)  to  be  educated  at  Eton.  With  them  went 
Robert  Carew,  as  attendant  and  tutor,  and  they  were  conducted  to  England 
by  Thomas  Badnedge,  Lord  Cork's  favourite  gentleman.  Under  the  date  of 
Oct.  2,  1635,  Lord  Cork  notes  in  his  diary,  '  Badnedg  delivered  my  two 
youngest  sons  Francis  and  Robert  at  Eaton  College  unto  the  charge  of  my 
worthy  friend  and  countryman  Sir  Henry  Wotton,  Provost  of  Eaton,  and  to  the 
tuition  of  Mr.  John  Harrison,  chief  schoolmaster  there.  God  bless  and  prosper 
them  in  true  religion  and  learning.'  (Lismore  Pp.,  1st  Ser.,  iv,  p.  129.)  For 
details  of  Wotton's  reception  of  the  Boyles  at  Eton,  see  ML  2nd  Ser.,  iii, 
pp.  215-45,  and  Dorothea  Townshend,  The  Great  Earl  of  Cork,  pp.  310-23. 

3  Lord  Cork  was  sending  two  of  his  elder  sons,  Lewis  (1619-42),  Baron  of 
Bandon  Bridge  and  Viscount  Boyle  of  Kinalmeaky  1627,  and  Roger  (1681-79), 
treated  Baron  Broghill  1627,  Earl  of  Orrery  1660,  on  the  foreign  tour,  and  had 
asked  Wotton  to  recommend  a  tutor  to  accompany  them. 

A  a  2 


356  LETTERS    OF   WOTTON 

with  Kentish  freedom  (for  that  your  Lordship  knows  is  our  proper 
attribute)  that  I  think  (it)  is  verily  your  good  fortune  to  have  missed 
Monsieur  Batier  (who,  I  hear,  besides  his  present  engagement  abroad, 
is  more  engaged  if  he  were  nearer  in  a  wife) ;  in  whose  room  I  shall 
humbly  present  unto  your  Lordship  one  (as  I  conceive  after  a  careful 
and  strict  examination  of  all  circumstances)  born  for  your  purpose, 
namely  this  bearer,  Monsieur  Marcombes1.  He  had  been,  if  not 
himself  with  your  Lordship  before  now,  yet  at  least  my  letters  had 
been  with  you  on  his  behalf,  but  that  we  have  stood,  I  know  not 
how,  in  a  kind  of  hovering  conceit  that  your  Lordship  would  be 
shortly  here  in  person.  And  divers  in  vulgar  voice  have  entitled 
you  (though  I  believe  against  your  own  mind)  to  the  vacant 
Treasurership  of  this  kingdom ;  of  which,  though  I  saw  no  perfect 
ground,  yet  I  was  content  to  be  carried  with  the  current  of  that 
noise  ;  till  of  late  Mr.  Perkins 2  having  kindly  visited  me,  and 
conferring  together  of  your  Lordship  (as  became  your  devoted 
servants),  I  found  him  in  discourse  not  forward  to  believe  that 
you  would  be  here  before  the  spring,  or  at  least  not  before 
Christmas.  Which  the  foresaid  Monsieur  Marcombes  hearing  (for 
he  was  present  at  our  conference,  being  well  known  to  us  both). 
I  fell  to  ask  him  (and  in  a  manner  to  wish  him)  whether  he  would 
not  be  content  to  transport  himself  immediately  to  your  Lordship 
in  Irelande,  which  he  very  willingly  entertained,  according  to  some 
speech  that  I  had  before  had  with  him :  which,  though  I  liked  well 
as  an  argument  of  his  zeal  and  good  affection  towards  your  service, 
yet  if  I  thought  him  not  every  way  unexceptionable,  I  would  rather 
first  have  treated  with  your  Lordship  by  letter  about  him,  that  your 
acception3  or  refusal  might  have  been  the  freer,  though  God 
forbid  your  Lordship  should  be  bound  either  way  by  my  judgement. 
For  I  hold  it  both  good  manners  and  good  caution,  in  such  a  case  as 
this  of  trust,  to  make  choice  of  such  a  person  as  I  dare  recommend 
to  your  wisdom  and  reason,  as  well  as  to  your  favour. 

He  is  by  birth  French,  native  in  the  Province  of  Auvergne,  bred 
seven  years  in  Geneve,  very  sound  in  religion,  and  well  conversant 
with  religious  men  ;  furnished  with  good  literature  and  languages, 
especially  with  Italian,  which  he  speaketh  as  promptly  as  his  own, 
and  will  be  a  good  guide  for  your  sons  in  that  delicate  piece  of  the 

1  Monsieur  Marcombes,  who  accompanied  the  two  Boyles  abroad.  On  Jan.  14. 
1635-6,  Lord  Cork  writes  :  '  Monsieur  Macroby us  arrived  at  Dublin,  and  brought 
me  commendatory  letters  to  be  tutor  and  guide  to  my  sons  Lewis  and  Roger  in 
their  foreign  travels  from  Sir  Henry  Wootton,  Sir  Thomas  Stafford,  Philip 
Burlymachie,  and  Mr.  Wm.  Parckins.'  (Lismore  Pp.,  1st  Ser.,  iv,  p.  149.)  For  Robert 
Boyle's  character  of  Marcombes,  see  Philaretus  (Boyle's  Works,  1744,  i,  p.  10\ 

2  William  Perkins,  Lord  Cork's  tailor. 

3  'Acception,'  i.  e.  acceptance.     Obs.    (X.  E.  D.) 


TO   THE    EARL   OF   CORK  357 

world.  He  seemeth  in  himself  neither  of  a  lumpish  nor  of  a  light 
composition,  but  of  a  well  fixed  mean.  He  hath  given  good  proof, 
both  of  his  discretion  and  fidelity,  in  my  Lord  of  Middlesex1  his 
house,  and  is  well  reported.  And  I  do  not  merely  take  him  upon 
credit,  for  I  have  had  sundry  meetings  with  him,  and  find  him  in 
his  discourse  very  apposite  and  sweet,  and  indubitably  of  good 
observation  in  civil  nurture.  Lastly,  I  believe  my  Lord  of  Dungar- 
van 2  will  afford  him  his  good  word;  or  his  good  opinion  with  your 
Lordship ;  for  he  hath  had  the  honour  to  be  known  unto  him,  as 
both  he  himself  and  Mr.  Perkins  tell  me.  I  cannot  conclude  with- 
out acquainting  your  Lordship  with  one  circumstance  for  mine  own 
discharge  in  this  great  obligation  of  confidence  wThich  you  have  laid 
upon  me.  That  before  I  would  yield  to  be  the  recommender  of  him 
for  the  disposing  and  moulding  (as  it  were)  of  your  two  sons  abroad 
(in  whom  I  hear  there  are  such  hopeful  seeds  already  of  virtue  and 
nobleness)  I  took  from  him  (though  truly  without  any  imaginable 
distrust  of  his  integrity)  a  solemn  vow  and  oath  that  he  would  be 
faithful  and  diligent  in  this  employment.  And  so  leaving  your 
Lordship  and  all  yours  (whether  they  be  fixed  or  planetary)  in  God's 
dear  love,  I  humbly  rest  at  your  commands, 

Henry  Wotton. 

I  shall  give  your  Lordship  in  my  next  an  account  of  your 
Etonians,  when  I  have  seen  them  again  and  more  and  more  tested 
their  spirits. 

464.    To  the  Earl  of  Cokk. 
Lismore  Pj).t  2nd  Ser.,  iii,  p.  226.     Endorsed  'Eaton  19  January,  1635  (date 
of  receipt)  from  Sir  Henry  Wotton,  Eaton,  the  5th  of  December,  1635.' 

(Eton  College,  Dec.  5,  1635.) 

Right  honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

While  the  bearer,  Monsieur  Marcombes,  was  fitting  himself  to 
post  into  Ireland  with  a  letter  from  me  unto  your  Lordship,  and 
another  to  my  truly  noble  Lady  of  Dungarvun 3  (dated  both  on  the 
24°  of  November  from  London),  myself  being  the  next  day  after 
returned  to  mine  own  privacy,  I  was  surprised  with  a  fresh  assault 
of  obligations  from  your  Lordship  in  divers  kinds.  First,  in  making 
me  so  quickly  partaker  of  your  own  joys  touching  the  said  lady ;  to 
whom  God  send  many  such  pretty  cheerful  troubles  as  she  is  likely 
to  have  shortly.     And  I  wish  from  a  grammatical  College  not  im- 

1  Lionel  Granfield  (1575-1645),  created  Earl  of  Middlesex  IOl'-'. 

-  Richard  Boyle  (1612-98)  second  Earl  of  Cork  and  first  Earl  of  Burlington, 
eldest  son  of  the  first  Earl  and  called  Viscount  Duugarvan. 

1  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Wotton's  friend,  Henry  Lord  Clifford  [ante,  ii,  p.  307  : 
•>n  July  :>.  1635.  she  married  Lord  Dungnrvan. 


358  LETTERS    OF    WOTTON 

properly  that  the  most  of  them  may  be  of  the  masculine  gender. 
Next,  I  must  return  to  your  Lordship  many  humble  thanks  for 
continuing  your  trust  upon  me,  which  is  as  much  to  my  nature  as  if 
you  bound  me  in  fetters  of  diamonds.  Thirdly,  I  find  myself  more 
and  more  fastened  unto  your  Lordship  by  your  provident  advice 
concerning  some  casual  discourse  which  fell  out  here  between  Mr. 
Badnage1  and  me,  who,  according  to  that  impression  which  I  took  of 
his  fair  nature,  seemeth  to  have  informed  your  Lordship  much  more 
of  my  poor  demonstrations  towards  your  sweet  children  than  I,  and 
much  less  than  they  deserved.  Touching  that  business,  I  shall 
immediately  after  this  wait  on  your  Lordship  with  another  letter ; 
having  as  much  to  do  at  the  present  as  is  possible  for  a  man  to  have 
that  loves  to  do  so  little. 

As  for  this  gentleman  the  bearer,  though  your  Lordship  in  the 
conditional  clause  of  your  last,  beginning  thus:  'If  you  have  not 
already  made  choice  of  a  fit  tutor  to  travel  with  my  two  other  sons,' 
had  not  left  me  at  large,  yet  I  have  such  a  grounded  opinion  in  the 
choice  before  settled  as  by  your  favour  is  unremovable  without 
your  own  express  dislike  upon  the  view,  which  I  dare  venture.  I  have 
not  entered  into  any  particular  covenants  with  him,  which  might 
prejudice  your  goodness  and  his  ingenuity.  For  I  find  him  not 
greedy,  save  as  far  as  decent  respects  will  require,  which  will  be  best 
proportioned  by  your  own  honour  and  wisdom.  I  would  wish  your 
Lordship  on  that  point  not  to  trust  me,  but  rather  in  the  valuation 
of  men  than  of  moneys. 

I  had  now  written  again  to  my  most  honoured  Lady  of  Dungarven, 
but  that  I  was  loath  to  tell  her  (though  alterations  are  not  strange  in 
natural  bodies,  either  young  or  old)  that  your  sweet-spirited  Francke, 
and  her  favourite,  hath  been,  since  my  return  hither,  somewhat 
troubled  with  a  flux  ;  the  frequent  infirmity  (as  I  remember)  of 
that  kingdom  where  he  was  born.  But  he  hath  taken  by  my  advice 
a  little  physic,  both  to  purge  the  acrimony  of  that  stimulating 
humour,  and  withal  to  fortify  his  stomach,  where  the  cause  lieth. 
Of  which  potion,  though  he  threw  out  the  half  as  soon  as  he  had 
taken  it,  and  the  remainder  some  half  an  hour  after,  yet  the  virtue 
of  the  medicine  had  first  got  into  his  veins,  and  gave  him  so  quiet 
repose  this  last  night  as  we  hold  him  free. 

Let  me  assure  your  Lordship  that  (by  these  mine  own  and  the 
schoolmaster's  solicitude  in  such  cases,  as  belong  both  to  our  duties 
and  to  our  affections)  you  have  placed  about  your  children  one  of  the 
most  loving  and  zealous  servants 2  that  I  have  ever  observed  in  life. 
And  so  God  bless  your  Lordship    again    and    again,    to  whom  I 

1  Thomas  Badnedge  (ante,  ii,  p.  355}.  %  Robert  Carew  {ibid.). 


TO   THE    EARL    OF   CORK  359 

remain  in  my  poor  ways  an  humble,  devoted  servant  in  the   old 
Kentish  plainness, 

Henky  Wotton. 
(Postscript).  From  the  College  this  6th  of  December,  1635. 
My  good  Lord,  I  have  commended  seriously,  and  with  promise  of  a 
good  reward,  your  spirity  Robin  to  the  master  of  our  choristers  here, 
who  maketh  profession  (and  hath  in  one  or  two  before  given  good  proof 
thereof)  to  correct  the  errors  of  voices  and  pronunciation ;  for  which  he 
shall  have  fit  hours  assigned  him.1  And  you  shall  hear  likewise  from 
their  servant  that  your  Lordship,  in  your  last  unto  him,  hath  given 
him  commissions  to  provide  here  for  your  children  (if  there  be  any) 
one  to  initiate  them  in  the  French  tongue.  It  may  be  done  time 
enough  at  your  pleasure ;  but  I  will  pray  your  Lordship  to  ponder 
some  reasons  that  I  shall,  in  my  next,  present  unto  your  judgement 
touching  that  point,  of  which  I  have  a  little  discoursed  with  Monsieur 
Marcombes. 

465.    To  the  Earl  of  Cork. 

Lismore  Pp.,  2nd  Ser.,  iii,  p.  259.  Endorsed  '4  Julii,  1636,  from  Sir  Henry 
Wotton  by  Richard  Carew  of  Kerry  \  The  Boyles  in  Sussex  ;  misconduct 
of  their  tutor,  Robert  Carew. 

From  the  College,  this  6  of  June,  1636. 

Right  honourable  and  my  very  good  Lord, 

I  had  from  your  Lordship  a  letter  on  Wednesday  last  by  this 
very  bearer,  in  six  days  from  Dublin.  How  soon  should  I  have  had 
it  if  (as  our  poets  say)  his  knees  had  been  green  ?  So  far  as  I  cannot 
but  observe,  as  I  began  in  Mr.  Badenage,  that  all  which  comes  from 
your  Lordship  are  indued  with  a  strange  spirit  of  diligence — unto 
which  said  letter  before  I  yield  you  my  humble  answer  I  am  desirous 
to  say  somewhat  of  your  travellers  and  of  your  Etonians. 

I  was  thirsty  to  hear  from  Monsieur  Marcombes  how  the  two 
noble  brothers  did  sort  with  a  foreign  air,  when  the  last  week  I 
received  a  letter  from  him  of  the  12th  of  April— so  long  it  had  slept 
on  the  way  from  Paris,  whence  the  next  morning  they  were  pre- 
paring towards  Geneve,  all  in  perfect  health. 

They  had,  from  their  first  landing  at  Diepe,  seen  no  marks  of  war 
in  their  journey  but  dearth.  And  I  hope  shall  find  it  forwards  no 
worse.  One  thing  I  must  not  forget  to  tell  your  Lordship,  that  the 
King  of  Fraunce  hath  so  raised  all  the  moneys,  as  the  French  crown 
doth  run  at  full  eight  shillings  sterling  through  his  kingdom  ;  which, 

1  Robert  Carew  wrote  to  Lord  Cork,  Nov.  or  Dee.,  1035,  'Sir  Harry  Wotton  hat  h 
made  choice  of  a  very  sufficient  man  to  teach  them  to  play  on  the  viol  and  to  sing  ; 
he  doth  also  undertake  to  help  my  Master  Robert's  defect  in  pronunciation." 
nore  Pp.,  2nd  Ser..  iii,  p.  225.) 


360  LETTERS  OF  WOTTON 

for  such  provision  as  they  had  taken  up  before  the  edict,  will  do 
them  no  harm ;  but  in  these  fresh  supplies,  upon  dormant  bills  of 
exchange  or  of  credit,  which  perchance  they  took  from  London 
with  them,  not  deeming  of  any  such  alteration,  I  do  not  see  how 
some  loss  will  be  avoided.  The  best  is  they  have  at  home  a  wise 
and  loving  father,  which  is  a  sure  mint.  God  have  them  in  his 
blessed  custody,  for  they  are  as  hopeful  plants  as  the  world  can 
yield.  Next,  concerning  the  two  nearer  pledges  of  your  trust  under 
my  care,  I  received  some  days  since  from  my  Lady  Goring,  their 
sister l,  some  few  lines  expressing  a  desire  to  have  them  with  her  at 
this  time  of  our  vacation,  when  our  school  annually  breaketh  up  two 
weeks  before  Whitsuntide,  and  pieceth 2  again  a  fortnight  after ; 
which  just  and  kind  motion  was  to  me  an  absolute  command.  And 
so  I  sent  them  to  her  at  Lewes  in  Sussex,  together  with  the  captain 
of  our  school,  a  well-learned  and  well-tempered  boy,  whose  friends 
dwell  in  that  shire,  so  as  he  may  serve  them  both  for  a  good  guide 
and  companion.  It  will  be  a  solace  for  my  Lady,  and  for  them  a 
fine  refreshment.  And  I  am  glad  to  tell  your  Lordship  that  she  will 
see  Franck  in  better  health  and  strength  than  he  hath  been  in 
either  kingdom  before.  And  Robert  will  entertain  her  with  his 
pretty  conceptions8  now  a  great  deal  more  smoothly  than  he  was 
wont.  We  expect  them  both  again,  under  God's  favour,  on  Saturday 
come  sevennight. 

Now,  touching  the  private  subject  of  your  Lordship('s)  last  tome. 
Truly,  my  good  Lord,  I  was  shaken  with  such  an  amazement  at  the 
first  percussion  thereof,  that,  till  a  second  perusal,  I  was  doubtful 
whether  I  had  read  right.  For  we  are  all  here  so  well  persuaded  of 
young  Mr.  Carie's  discretion  and  temper  and  zeal  in  his  charge,  and 
in  the  whole  carriage  of  himself,  as  it  will  be  hard  to  stamp  us  with 
any  new  impression.  Yet  because  your  Lordship's  letter  was  so 
confident,  I  bestowed  a  day  in  a  little  inquisitiveness,  and  found 
indeed  that  between  him  and  a  young  maid,  daughter  to  our 
under-baker,  and  almost  (like  fathers),  I  do  not  altogether  (I  must 
confess)  (think)  unhandsome,  nor  so  far  otherwise  as  she  thinks  her- 
self, there  had  passed  long  since  certain  civil,  which  she  was  content 

1  Lettice,  third  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Cork,  married  1629  George  Goring 
v1608-57),  son  of  George  Goring,  Lord  Goring  1028,  Earl  of  Norwich  1644. 

2  '  Pieceth/  from  the  obs.  use  of  piece,  to  unite,  come  together,  assemble. 
{N.  E.  D.) 

3  Robert  Carew  writes  of  Robert  Boyle  Oct.  19,  1635  :  <  Sir  Hary  Wutton  was 
much  taken  with  him  for  his  discourse  of  Ireland  and  of  his  travels,  and  he 
admired  that  he  would  observe  or  take  notice  of  those  things  that  he  discoursed 
of.  He  is  mighty  courteous  and  loving  towards  them,  and  lent  a  chamber 
furnished  until  we  could  furniture  so  their  own  chamber  (we  enjoy  it  yet, 
which  is  a  great  favour) ;  and  did  invite  my  masters  to  his  table  several  times.-* 

Lismore  Pp.,  2nd  Ser.,  iii,  p.  217. 


TO    THE    EAKL    OF    CORK  861 

to  cull  amorous  language.  But  it  is  near  half  a  year  that  he  hath 
not  been  with  her — time  enough,  I  dare  swear,  to  refrigerate  more 
love  than  was  ever  between  them.  So  as  in  that  point  your  Lord- 
ship may  quiet  your  thoughts.  Yet  glad  I  am  for  the  letter  you  were 
pleased  to  write,  because  it  will  give  me  an  apt  occasion,  at  his  return, 
to  warn  him  how  careful  and  vigilant  he  ought  to  be  in  preserving 
his  person  from  scandal,  when  such  a  levity  as  this  (whether  serious 
or  sportful)  is  flown  over  so  suddenly  to  your  Lordship,  of  whose 
good  opinion  it  behoveth  him  to  stand  in  much  awe.  When  I  have 
spoken  with  himself,  I  shall  write  again  to  your  Lordship,  beseeching 
you  in  the  meanwhile  to  keep  him  in  your  favourable  conceit.1  For 
truly  there  cannot  be  a  more  tender  attendant  about  your  sweet 
children  ;  insomuch  as  when  Franck  was  sick  of  no  deep  infirmity 
he  was  (never)  out  of  his  sight,  nothing  but  tears,  distilling  no  doubt 
from  a  good  nature.  I  am  glad  to  see  your  Lordship  casting  an  eye 
towards  England,  and  yet  I  could  have  wished  that  you  should  settle 
in  that  soil  upon  which  the  conqueror's  foot  did  never  tread.  But  I 
shall  not  need  to  despair  that  your  Lordship  will  be  there  likewise 
ready  for  any  fair  temptation,  notwithstanding  those  few  thousands 
which  Dorsetshire  must  swallow  with  the  envy  of  Kent.2 

I  had  now  done  for  the  present,  but  that  I  must  first  deliver  an 
unfortunate  misadventure  which  hath  befallen  this  good-spirited 
gentleman  Mr.  Carie,  who,  bringing  back  letters  to  your  Lordship 
from  your  two  Etonians  at  Lewis,  and  from  their  sweet  sister,  and 
from  his  own  son,  hath  by  a  shallow  pocket  lost  them  on  the  way, 
together  with  one  of  mine  (the  least  of  the  whole  loss),  which  I  had 
written  provisionally  to  your  Lordship  for  fear  he  should  not  return 
this  way,  but  might  perchance  light  on  some  shipping  in  the  Sussex 
harbours.  It  were  injustice  in  your  Lordship  to  be  offended  with 
this  mishap,  for  he  hath  sufficiently  tormented  himself.  But  now 
the  last  hope  is,  that  peradventure  they  may  fall  into  the  hands  of 
some  person  of  humanity,  and  so  be  sent  over,  according  to  their 
addresses.  I  have  troubled  your  Lordship  too  long.  Let  me  end  in 
your  love,  and  ever  rest  your  faithful  poor  servant. 

Henry  Wotton.3 

1  Wotton  was  deceived  in  Carew,  whom  Robert  Boyle  describes  as  'one  that 
ranted  neither  vices  nor  cunning  to  dissemble  them'.  (Philaretus,  p.  7.)  He 
was  a  gambler,  and  either  through  him  or  an  Italian  servant  of  Wotton's 
Francis  Boyle  was  induced  to  back  a  bill.  In  Nov.,  1638,  the  Boyles  were 
removed  from  Eton  ;  the  bill  for  their  diet,  apparel,  tutelage,  and  the  keep  of 
<  iarew  came  to  £914  3s.  9d.     (Lismore  Pp.,  1st  Ser.,  v,  p.  64.) 

-  Lord  Cork  was  born  at  Canterbury.     He  had  recently  purchased  from  the 

ul  of  Bristol  the  estate  of  Stalbrnlge,  near  Sherborne,  in  Dorsetshire. 

:{  In  the  R<  liquiae,  1st  ed.,  p.  197,  3rd,  p.  372,  is  Minted  the  following :  '  Extracted 
prom  a  letter  of  the  Earl  of  Cork  to  Sir  Henry  "Wotton,  Dec.  82,  1636. 

'Honourable  sir.-  For  this  time,  I  pray  yen,  ftooepj   in  good  part  from  me 


362  LETTERS   OF    WOTTON 


466.    To  the  Queen  of  Bohemia. 

Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  393,  undated;  dated  'July,  1636',  3rd  ed.,  p.  336.     The 
new  Lord  Treasurer,  Juxon. 

(July,  1636.) 

Most  resplendent  Queen,  even  in  the  darkness  of  fortune, 
That  was  wont  to  be  niy  style  unto  your  Majesty,  which  you  see 
I  have  not  forgotten.  For  though  I  have  a  great  while  forborne  to 
trouble  you  with  any  of  my  poor  lines,  yet  the  memory  of  your 
sweet  and  royal  virtues  is  the  last  thing  that  will  die  in  me.  In 
these  months  of  my  silence  I  have  been  busy  (if  any  work  of  my 
brains  may  be  termed  a  business)  about  certain  compositions  of  mine 
own,  partly  imposed,  and  partly  voluntary,  whereof  some  would 
fain  be  struggling  into  the  light ;  but  I  do  check  their  forwardness, 
because  I  am  afraid  they  will  be  born  before  their  time.  In  the 
meanwhile,  I  have  gotten  a  subject  worthy  to  exercise  my  pen  unto 
your  Majesty,  which  is  the  choice  of  the  new  Lord  Treasurer ;  upon 
which  place  your  Majesty  hath  always  some  dependence  in  your 
domestic  affairs.  I  believe  your  Majesty  hath  never  personally  seen 
him,  therefore  I  will  take  the  boldness  to  paint  him  before  you ; 
though  I  must  speak,  as  yet,  more  out  of  the  universal  opinion  than 
from  my  own  experience,  for  your  Majesty  knows  my  nature ;  I  am 
always  one  of  the  last  intruders.  Now  the  best  and  the  shortest 
draft  that  I  can  make  of  him  will  be  this:  there  is  in  him  no 
tumour,  no  sourness,  no  distraction  of  thoughts,  but  a  quiet  mind, 
a  patient  care,  free  access,  mild  and  moderate  answers.1 

To  this  I  must  add  a  solid  judgement,  a  sober  plainness,  and 
a  most  indubitable  character  of  fidelity  in  his  very  face  ;  so  as  there 
needs  not  much  study  to  think  him  both  a  good  man  and  a  wise 
man.  And  accordingly  is  his  family  composed  ;  more  order  than 
noise,  and  his  nearest  instruments  carefully  chosen,  for  he  wanted 
no  offers.  But  above  all,  there  is  a  blessed  note  upon  him,  that  his 
Majesty  hath  committed  his  moneys  where  he  may  trust  his  con- 

a  bottle  made  of  a  serpentine  stone,  which  hath  the  quality  to  give  any  wine 
or  water  that  shall  be  infused  therein,  for  four  and  twenty  hours,  the  taste 
and  operation  of  the  spaw  water,  and  is  very  medicinable  for  the  cure  of  the 
spleen  and  the  gravel,  as  I  am  informed  ;  but  sure  I  am,  that  Sir  Walter 
Rawleigh  put  a  value  upon  it,  he  having  obtained  it  amongst  the  spoils  of  the 
Governor  of  St.  Omy  (St.  Thome),  in  his  last  fatal  expedition,  and  by  his  page 
understood  the  virtues  thereof,  and  that  his  captain  highly  esteemed  it.  And 
surely,  some  good  cures  it  hath  wrought  since  it  came  into  my  hands,  for  those 
two  infirmities,  &c.' 

1  '  The  Bishop  was  modest  and  unassuming,  and  had  shown  himself  to  be 
possessed  of  habits  of  business  in  his  management  of  the  property  of  St.  John's 
College  during  the  time  of  his  Presidentship.  He  had  neither  wife  nor  family 
to  tempt  him  to  amass  wealth,  and  his  honesty  was  beyond  dispute.'  (Guniiiur. 
viii,  p.  141.) 


TO    THE    QUEEN    OF    BOHEMIA  363 

science.     Upon  the  whole  matter,  it  is  no  marvel  that  the  charge 
lav  a  full  year  under  commission. 

For  the  King  himself  (as  we  hear)  did  openly  profess  that  he  had 
spent  the  most  of  that  time,  not  in  deliberating  whom  he  might 
choose,  but  in  wooing  of  him  whom  he  had  chosen  to  undertake  it : 
for  it  is  a  hard  matter  indeed  (if  so  good  a  King  had  not  been  the 
orator)  to  draw  a  man  out  of  the  settled  repose  of  a  learned  life  into 
such  an  ocean  of  public  solicitude,  able  to  swallow  an  ordinary 
spirit.  But  God,  who  hath  raised  him  to  it,  hath  made  him  fit 
for  it. 

This  is  all  that  I  was  in  travail  to  advertise  your  Majesty  upon  the 
present  occasion  ;  my  next  will  be  touching  the  two  sweet  Princes  l 
your  sons,  whose  fame  I  have  only  hitherto  enjoyed  in  the  common 
voice,  having  by  some  weakness  in  my  legs  and  other  symptoms  of 
age,  and  by  mine  own  retired  studies,  been  confined  to  privacy. 
But  I  hope  to  make  known  unto  them  how  much  I  reverence  my 
royal  mistress,  their  mother,  and  the  images  of  her  goodness,  at  the 
solemn  meeting  the  next  month  in  Oxford.  For  an  academy  will 
be  the  best  Court  for  my  humour.     And  so  I  humbly  rest, 

Your  Majesty's  ever  faithful,  ever  devoted  poor  servant, 

H.  Wotton. 

467.     To  William  Juxox. 

Ji'/iq,.  1st  ed.,  p.  427 ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  338.  Undated,  probably  written  in  1636, 
after  Juxon  became  Lord  Treasurer  (March  6).  Wotton  sends  a  copy 
of  his  Elements  of  Architecture. 

<1636?> 
May  it  please  your  good  Lordship, 

I  was  in  hope  long  since  to  have  waited  on  your  Lordship  with 
an  account,  I  dare  not  say  of  any  fruit,  yet  at  least  of  some  use  of 
my  private  time  :  but  through  certain  fastidious  fumes  from  my 
spleen  (though  of  late  I  thank  God  well  allayed)  I  have  been  kept  in 
such  jealousy  of  mine  own  conceptions  that  some  things  under  my 
pen  have  been  born  very  slowly.  In  the  meanwhile,  remembering 
an  old  pamphlet  of  mine,  of  the  Elements  of  Architecture,  which 
I  cannot  in  any  modesty  suppose  that  your  Lordship  had  ever  seen, 
though  it  hath  found  some  vulgar  favour  among  those  whom  they 
call  gentle  readers,  I  have  gotten  such  a  copy  as  did  remain  to 
present  unto  your  Lordship  ;  and  because  my  fortunes  were  never 
able  to  erect  anything  answerable  to  my  speculations  in  that  art, 

1  The  Queen's  two  sons,  Charles  Louis  (who  succeeded  his  father  as  titular 
Elector  Palatine  in  1632)  and  Prince  Rupert,  came  to  England  in  Nov.,  1635. 
In  August,  1636,  they  visited  Oxford  with  Charles  I,  and  the  degree  of  M.A. 
vras  conferred  on  Prince  Riqiert.     {Gardiner,  viii.  p.  151.) 


364  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

1  have  newly  made,  at  least  an  essay  of  my  invention,  [at  least]  in  the 
structure  of  a  little  poor  standish1,  of  so  contemptible  value  as 
I  dare  offer  it  to  your  Lordship  without  offence  of  your  integrity. 
If  I  could  have  built  some  rural  retreat  worthy  of  your  reception, 
according  to  the  six  precepts  of  my  master  Vitruvius,  I  would  have 
invited  and  entertained  your  Lordship  therein,  how  homely  soever, 
yet  as  heartily  as  you  were  ever  welcomed  to  any  place  in  this 
world  ;  and  I  would  then  have  gloried  to  have  under  my  roof  as 
worthy  a  counsellor  and  treasurer  as  ever  served  the  best  of  kings. 
But  as  I  am,  I  can  say  no  more  for  your  Lordship's  gracious  respects 
and  goodness  towards  me  than  that  I  live  in  a  tormenting  desire 
some  way  to  celebrate  the  honour  of  your  name,  and  to  be  known 
Your  most  humble,  professed,  and  obliged  servant, 

H.  Wottoa. 

468.     To  . 

Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  453  ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  356.    No  date  or  address.    (For  conjectural 
date  see  note  2.)     Advice  on  foreign  travel. 

<1636?> 
Worthy  Sib, 

All  health  to  yourself  and  to  yours  both  at  home  and  abroad. 
Sorry  I  was  not  to  be  at  Eton  when  Mr.  B. 2  your  nephew,  and  un- 
friend, came  thither  to  visit  me,  being  then  in  procinct3  of  his 
travels.  But  I  had  some  good  while  before,  at  another  kind  visita- 
tion, together  with  your  sons  and  Mr.  S. 2,  given  him  a  Catholic  rule, 
which  was  given  me  long  since  by  an  old  Eoman  courtier  with 
whom  I  tabled  in  Siena,  and  whose  counsels  I  begged  for  the 
government  of  myself  at  my  departure  from  him  towards  the  fore- 
said Court,  where  he  had  been  so  well  versed.  *  Signor  Arrigo '  (says 
he),  'there  is  one  short  remembrance  will  carry  you  safe  through  the 
whole  world.'  I  was  glad  to  hear  such  a  preservative  contracted 
into  so  little  room,  and  so  besought  him  to  honour  me  with  it. 
1  Nothing  but  this '  (saith  he),  '  gli  pensieri  stretti,  et  il  viso  sciolto ' :  that 
is,  as  I  use  to  translate  it,  '  Your  thoughts  close,  and  your  countenance 
loose.'4     This  was  that  moral  antidote  which  I  imparted  to  Mr.  B. 

1  '  Standish/  inkstand. 

■  '  Mr.  B.'  and  '  Mr.  S.'  probably  refer  to  Michael  Branthwaite  and  James 
Scudamore.  Branthwaite  went  to  Paris  as  tutor  to  James  Scudamore,  son  of 
John  first  Viscount  Scudamore,  who  was  English  ambassador  in  France  1635-9. 
This  visit  from  'Mr.  B.'  and  '  Mr.  S.'  which  Wotton  refers  to  was  probably  before 
their  journey  to  Paris  in  June,  1635,  as  Wotton  says  the  visit  was '  some  good  while 
before'.  I  place  this  letter  here  for  want  of  other  indications  as  to  date.  Much 
of  the  advice  in  this  letter  was  repeated  by  Wotton  in  his  letter  to  Milton  in 
1638  (see  below,  p.  382). 

3  'In  procinct,'  i.e.  in  preparation  for. 

4  Advice  of  Scipione  Alborti  (ante,  i,  p.  22).  George  Herbert  included  t Ii«- 
translation  of  this  saying  in  his  lacitla  Prudcntum.      [Remains,  1848   p.  296. 


TO    868 

lad  his  fellow  travellers  when  they  were  last  with  me,  having 
;i  particular  interest  in  their  well-doings,  both  as  they  are  yours  and 
as  they  have  had  some  training  under  my  poor  regiment ;  to  which 
ties  of  friendship  you  have  added  a  third,  that  they  are  now  of  the 
College  of  Travellers,  wherein,  if  the  fruit  of  the  time  I  have  spent 
were  answerable  to  the  length,  I  might  run  for  a  Deacon  at  least. 

If  I  had  not  been  absent  when  Mr.  B.  came  last  I  would  have 
said  much  more  in  private  between  us,  which  shall  be  supplied  by 
letter  if  I  may  receive  a  safe  form  of  address  from  you.  I  continue 
mainly  in  the  same  opinion  which  I  touched  unto  them,  that  after 
their  impriming  in  France  I  could  wish  them  to  mount  the  Pirenies 
into  Spaine.  In  that  Court  (as  I  hear)  you  have  an  assured  friend  ; 
and  there  they  may  consolidate  the  French  vivacity  with  a  certain 
sosiego  (as  they  call  it),  till  they  shall  afterwards  pass  from  Barcelona 
over  to  Italy,  where  lies  the  true  mean  between  the  other  two 
humours.  You  see,  Sir,  by  this  discourse  that  I  am  in  mine  own 
country  at  leisure  ;  I  pray  pardon  it,  whatsoever  it  be,  because  it 
proceedeth  from  hearty  goodwill.     And  so  I  rest, 

At  your  commands, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Sir, 

My  servant,  the  bearer,  hath  somewhat  to  say  unto  you  about 
a  piece  of  painting,  which  I  would  fain  send  to  your  house  in  the 
country,  covered  till  it  come  thither,  because  it  is  soberly  naked,  and 
ready  to  be  set  up,  being  in  a  gilded  frame  already. 

469.    To  Thomas  Johnson. 

K  P.  Dam.  Charles  I,  ccclxiii,  No.  14,  dictated.     Addressed,  '  To  my  very 
loving  and  learned  friend  Mr.  Johnson,  apothecary,  at  his  house  on 

Snowe  Hill,  London.1 

2nd  of  July..  1637. 
My  good  friend  Mr.  Johnson1, 

I  have  addressed  this  my  servant  unto  you  at  the  present  with 
two  or  three  requests.  First,  that  you  would  direct  him  where  he 
may  buy  one  of  your  Gerrards 2,  well  and  strongly  bound  ;  next, 
where  I  may  have  for  my  money  all  kinds  of  coloured  pinks  to  set 
in  a  quarter  of  my  garden,  or  any  such  flowers  as  perfume  the  air. 
Thirdly,  I  pray  let  me  consult  with  you  whether  you  know  any  sick  of 
that  fastidious  infirmity,  which  they  call  melancholia  hypochondnaca, 
wherewith  I  have  been  troubled  of  late,  but  more  with  a  symptom 

1  Thomas  Johnson  (d.  1644),  botanist  and  royalist  soldier,  M.D.  Oxford  1648, 
died  from  the  effects  of  a  wound  received  at  the  defence  of  Basing  House. 
(D.  N.  B.) 

■  Gerard's  IlerbaV,  of  which  Thomas  Johnson  published  an  enlarged  and 
corrected  edition  in    1 «'»:}:{.     {Ibid.) 


366  LETTERS    OF  WOTTON 

very  frequent  in  that  passion  (as  the  great  Fernelius  l  describes  it), 
namely,  with  certain  very  noisome  odours,  which  the  spleen  sends  up 
with  offence  of  my  scent  and  taste,  and  yet  without  any  imaginable 
taint  of  my  breath  or  anything  perceivable  by  another.  I  go  seeking 
and  begging  examples  to  comfort  my  fancy,  wherein  you  will  do  me 
a  singular  pleasure,  either  with  your  own  former  observation  or 
inquiry  of  the  like  case,  especially  if  withal  you  shall  please  to  add 
what  has  done  any  such  patient  most  good.  These  are  the  troubles 
that  I  am  now  bold  to  give  you. 

Your  willing  and  well-wishing  friend, 

Henry  Wotton. 

470.     To  Archbishop  Laud. 
Rellq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  440 ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  347.   Negotiations  about  an  Eton  Fellowship. 

From  the  College  this  30  of  July,  1637. 
It  may  please  your  Grace, 

We  very  humbly  acknowledge  that  your  Grace  hath  made  us 
confident  in  your  favour,  both  by  your  former  letters  (which  are  the 
true  images  of  your  mind)  and  by  that  report  which  Mr.  Weaver2 
and  Mr.  Harrison 3  brought  us  from  your  most  reverenced  person  ; 
yet,  till  after  the  term,  when  we  might  suppose  your  Grace  some- 
what freer  than  before  (though  ever  environed  with  more  honour 
than  ease),  we  were  tender  to  trouble  you  with  any  prosecution  on 
our  parts  of  your  good  intents  towards  this  collegiate  body,  about 
the  yet  unperfected  though  well-imprimed  business  of  New  Wind- 
sor4. But  now,  after  due  remembrance  of  our  humble  devotions,  I 
am  bold  to  signify  unto  your  Grace  in  mine  own,  and  in  the  name 
of  the  rest,  that  having  (according  to  the  fair  liberty  which  you  were 
pleased  to  yield  us)  consulted  with  our  counsel  at  law  about  some 
convenient  form  for  the  settling  of  that  which  his  Majesty  hath 
already  granted  by  your  Grace  his  intercession,  we  find  the  King 
can  no  way  be  bound  but  by  his  own  goodness,  neither  can  we  wish 
his  Majesty  in  better  or  in  safer  bonds  ;  therefore  we  hope  to  pro- 
pound an  expedient,  which,  to  my  understanding,  will  (as  astrono- 
mers use  to  say)  save  all  appearances,  namely,  &c.5  (...). 

1  John  Francis  Fernel,  or  Fernelius  (1497-1558),  French  medical  writer.  His 
Universa  Medicina,  ed.  5,  was  published  at  Frankfort,  1592. 

2  Thomas  Weaver,  elected  Fellow  of  Eton  1612,  Vice-Provost.     (Harwood,  p.  63., 

3  John  Harrison  (ante,  i,  p.  216). 

4  The  parishioners  of  Windsor  had  petitioned  Charles  I  to  increase  the  value 
of  the  living  of  Windsor  by  annexing  to  it  some  ecclesiastical  benefice.  It  was 
decided  that  a  Fellowship  of  Eton  should  be  reserved  for  this  purpose,  and 
the  Rev.  John  Cleaver,  Vicar  of  Windsor,  was  elected  at  the  next  vacancy. 
\MaxiceU-Lyte,  pp.  234,  235.) 

5  So  in  3rd  edition  of  Reliquiae,  the  paragraphs  are  run  together  without  any 
break  in  the  1st  ed.,  but  this  is  corrected  in  the  Errata. 


TO   ARCHBISHOP    LAUD  367 

Master  Cleaver's  election  shall  be  the  more  honoured,  by  being  a 
single  example  ;  in  whose  person  we  are  sorry  for  nothing,  but  that 
he  needs  not  thank  us  for  his  choice.  And  so  doubting  as  little  of 
your  Grace  his  favour  as  we  do  of  your  power  in  the  consummat- 
ing of  our  humble,  and  as  we  hope  they  will  appear,  of  our  moderate 
desires,  I  ever  with  most  hearty  zeal  remain 

At  all  your  Grace  his  commands, 

H.  Wotton. 

471.    To  Archbishop  Laud. 

ft  r.  Dom.  Charles  I,  ccclxv,  No.  56.  Dictated  ;  no  date,  endorsed  '  Recev. 
Aug.  10, 1637  '.  The  Provosts  of  Eton  and  King's  Colleges  write  to  their 
acting  Visitor  about  a  disputed  election.     (See  next  letter.) 

(Eton  College,  August,  1637.) 
After  all  due  reverence,  and  our  most  humble  duties  remembered, 
May  it  please  your  Grace, 

There  is  fallen  out  a  difficulty,  at  this  time  of  our  annual  election, 
in  the  case  of  a  boy,  by  name  Dudley  Avery,  otherwise  of  good  hope 
and  desert,  which  doth  arrest  our  proceeding  till  we  shall  receive 
from  your  Grace  an  interpretation  of  our  power,  which  we  most 
humbly  beg  by  this  bearer  *,  father  of  the  said  child,  whose  brother 2 
is  the  King's  agent  at  Hamborough,  and  he  himself  an  instrument 
of  singular  use  to  the  Queen  of  Bohemia  in  her  domestic  affairs ;  for 
which  respects  we  are  the  more  desirous  to  gratify  him.  The  case 
itself  will  best  appear  to  your  Grace  by  the  enclosed  draft  of  a 
counsellor-at-law.  And  so,  with  our  joint  prayers  most  heartily 
committing  your  Grace  to  God's  dearest  love,  we  rest, 

Your  Grace  his  in  humblest  devotion, 

Henry  Wotton. 
S.  Collins. 

472.    To  John  Dynely. 

Ueliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  570,  dated  '  August  18  ' ;  written  in  1637,  as  the  endorsement 

of  the  letter  above  shows.    The  case  of  Dudley  Avery. 

Dictated  from  my  bed,  Aug.  18  (1637). 
Sir, 

I  am  glad  of  this  opportunity  to  acquaint  you,  before  your  going, 
with  the  cause  why  Mr.  Avery's  son  did  fail  at  our  late  election. 
When  the  boy  came  before  us,  being  asked  the  ordinary  questions, 

1  Probably  Samuel  Avery,  Alderman  of  the  City  of  London.  (Cat.  S.  P.  Dom., 
1625-49,  p.  681.)  Laud  was  now  acting  as  Visitor  to  Eton  in  the  place  of  the 
Bishop  of  Lincoln,  Williams,  who  was  suspended  from  the  exercise  of  his  func- 
tions and  imprisoned  by  the  Star  Chamber  on  July  11, 1637.    {Gardiner,  viii,p.254.) 

2  Joseph  Avery,  the  King's  agent  at  Hamburg,  and  deputy  of  the  English 
Merchant  Adventurers  there.     (Cal.  S.  P.  Dom.,  1639,  p.  54.) 


368  LETTERS   OF   WOTTOX 

Quod  est  iibi  nomen?  Quot  annos  natus  es?  Quo  mini  tempore?  Quo 
comitaht  ?  Quo  oppido  ?  Quave  villa  ?  (To  all  which  his  answers 
must  remain  upon  record  in  our  indentures  of  that  year,  if  he  be 
chosen),  he  stopped  a  little  at  the  two  last ;  and  then  (as  if  he  had 
meant  to  suffer  like  a  martyr  for  the  truth)  he  told  us  flatly  that  he 
was  born  in  the  Low  Countries  at  Delft.  This  retrenched  all  farther 
examination  of  him  ;  for  thereby  he  was  ineligible,  our  statutes  only 
admitting  the  English  shires,  with  exclusion,  not  only  of  Ireland 
and  Scotland,  but  even  of  Wales,  and  much  more  of  any  foreign 
province.  Hereupon  we  called  in  his  father,  who  handsomely  skir- 
mished in  his  behalf  that  children  born  of  English  parents  in  the 
Staples  of  Merchants  abroad  were  by  an  Act  of  Edward  III 
habilited1  to  all  purposes  at  home  as  well  as  the  inward  natives. 
And  thereupon  he  went  and  took  counsel  of  Mr.  Newbury,  steward 
of  Windsor,  and  no  obscure  lawyer,  who  did  set  down  his  judgement 
in  writing  clearly  for  him,  that  all  local  statutes  are  void  which  are 
either  against  the  common  law  or  against  a  general  precedent 
statute,  as  he  said  this  was.  Now  although  we  could  have  been  glad 
all  to  be  left  as  free  as  your  Arminians  leave  our  will ;  yet  consider- 
ing that  our  local  statutes  were  long  after  the  foresaid  Act  of 
liabilities,  and  that  how  invalid  soever  they  may  appear  to  some 
other  man,  yet  that  they  bind  us  at  least  in  conscience,  especially 
after  so  long  custom.  These  points  I  say  considered,  the  last  good 
will  we  could  express  towards  the  father  was  to  offer  him  (as  I  did) 
to  propound  the  case  to  my  Lord  of  Canterbury,  our  Visitor  para- 
mount, and  now  in  ordinary  (the  Bishop  of  Lincoln  being  in  an 
unvisitable  case  himself),  that  so  his  Grace  might  relieve  him  with 
his  interpretation :  wherein  I  got  the  Provost  of  King's  to  concur 
with  me,  and  so  I  drew  a  letter  with  all  possible  advantage  on  his 
side,  enclosing  therein  the  favourablest  branch  of  our  statutes.  This 
letter  Mr.  Avery  carried  to  Croydon  with  paternal  affection  and 
haste,  and  brought  us  back  an  answer2  to  this  substance:  that 
though  his  Grace  should  be  heartily  willing,  in  respect  of  the  father's 
relation  to  her  Majesty  of  Bohemia  (as  I  had  represented  him),  to  do 
anything  for  the  child,  yet  being  a  binding  precedent  against  custom 
he  could  not  suddenly  determine  the  point,  being  at  that  time  with- 
out civil  lawyers,  by  whose  advice  his  court  was  guided  ;  and  there- 
fore, if  we  would  defer  our  election  till  Michaelmas,  he  would  then 
orderly  decide  it.     But  we  being  by  other  statutes  bound  not  to 

1  '  Habilitated/  i.  e.  qualified.     Obs.     (AT.  E.  B.). 

a  A  transcript  of  this  letter  of  Laud's  (dated  Aug.  10),  preceded  by  Humphrey 
Newbury's  judgement,  is  in  the  Record  Office.  (S.  P.  Dom.  Chas.  I,  ccclxv, 
Nos.  56,  57.) 


TO   JOHN   DYNELY  369 

prolong  our  election  an  hour  after  such  a  time  as  was  already  near 
spent,  and  to  tell  you  in  sin  a,  being  loath  to  leave  ourselves  so  long 
upon  interpretation  we  gave  it  over.  I  understand  since  a  circum- 
stance that  must  needs  trouble  Mr.  Aveiy  more  than  the  business 
itself:  that  it  failed  by  his  fault,  and  not  the  boy's.  For  after  our 
usher  (the  child's  tutor)  had  instructed  him  that  by  no  means  he 
should  confess  his  foreign  birth,  his  father,  whom  the  boy  had  not 
acquainted  with  his  tutor's  instruction,  not  knowing  our  statutes, 
bade  his  son  answer,  when  he  should  be  asked  the  last  question,  that 
he  was  born  in  comitatu  Hollandiae ;  and  so  the  child  trusting  his 
father  more  than  his  tutor  fell  through  the  basket.1 

With  this  story  I  have  entertained  you  at  large,  because,  besides 
my  zeal  towards  anything  that  our  royal  mistress  can  wish  to  be 
done,  I  was  engaged  in  a  promise  to  yourself,  whom  I  will  follow 
with  letters  to  her  Majesty  by  the  conveyance  of  Sir  Abra. 
Williams5,  and  with  a  little  nuptial  present  to  yourself,  which  you 
had  had  with  you  if  a  friend  of  mine,  who  should  have  made  it 
ready,  had  not  been  scared  from  London.3  And  yet  (to  show  you 
my  poverty)  it  is  only  a  pair  of  sheets  which  I  mean  to  send,  with 
this  mark  at  the  corners,  pro  Dinleianis.  In  the  meanwhile,  God  hold 
you  and  your  love  in  His  love,  wherein,  after  the  uncertain  traverses 
of  courts  below,  dwelleth  all  abundance  and  infallibility  above. 
By  your  ever  the  same  affectionate  poor  friend, 

Henry  Wotton. 

473.    To  Sir  Richard  Baker4. 

Beliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  445  ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  351.  Wotton  thanks  Sir  Richard  Baker 
for  his  Meditations  on  the  Lord's  Prayer.  As  this  book  was  published 
in  1637,  Wotton's  letter  probably  belongs  to  this  year. 

<1637  V) 
Sib, 

I  conceive  that  you  have  been  pleased,  out  of  our  ancient 
friendship  (which  was  first,  and  is  ever  best,  elemented  in  an 
academy),  and  not  out  of  any  valuation  of  my  poor  judgement,  to 
communicate  with  me  your  Divine  Meditations  on  the  Lord's  Prayer,5 
in  some  several  sheets,  which  have  given  me  a  true  taste  of  the 

1  The  name  '  Averie'  appears  among  the  names  of  the  Eton  Commensals  in 
1M7.     (Wasey  Sterry,  A  List  of  Eton  Commensals,  1904.) 

*  Sir  Abraham  Williams,  agent  for  the  Queen  of  Bohemia  in  England. 

3  Perhaps  Izaak  Walton,  who  is  believed  (though  on  no  positive  evidence)  to 
dave  kept  a  haberdasher's  shop  in  Fleet  Street  near  Chancery  Lane.  Wotton 
s  not  likely  to  have  had  many  friends  among  haberdashers,  and  the  above 
nay  perhaps  be  taken  as  some  slight  confirmation  of  this  belief.  London  was 
avaged  by  the  plague  in  1637. 

*  Sir  Richard  Baker,  see  Appendix  III.     Baker  was  now  in  the  Fleet  Prison. 
3  Meditations  and  Disquisitions  upon  the  Lord's  Prayer,  ln3<><7). 

WOTTON.    II  B  ]) 


370  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

whole ;  wherein  I  must  needs  observe  and  much  admire  the  very 
character  of  your  style,  which  seemeth  unto  me  to  have  not  a  little 
of  the  African  idea  of  St.  Augustine's  age,  full  of  sweet  raptures  and 
of  researched  conceits,  nothing  borrowed,  nothing  vulgar,  and  yet 
all  flowing  from  you  (I  know  not  how)  with  a  certain  equal  facility : 
so  as  I  see  your  worldly  troubles  have  been  but  pressing-irons  to 
your  heavenly  cogitations. 

Good  Sir,  let  not  any  modesty  of  your  nature,  let  not  any  obscurity 
of  your  fortune,  smother  such  an  excellent  employment  of  your 
erudition  and  zeal ;  for  it  is  a  work  of  light,  and  not  of  darkness. 
And  thus  wishing  you  long  health,  that  can  use  it  so  well, 

I  remain  your  poor  friend,  to  love  and  serve  you, 

H.    WOTTON. 

474.    To  Samuel  Collins1. 

ttetiq.,  3rd  edition,  unpaged.  '  To  the  right  Worthy  Provost  and  Professor 
Regius  of  Divinity  in  Cambridge.'  Books  of  controversy  ;  Wotton  sends 
Dr.  Collins  a  portrait  of  Sarpi. 

From  the  arms  of  your  good  nurse,  who  led  you 
with  her  best  milk.    Jan.  17,  1637<8>. 
Sik, 

Though  my  feet  cannot  perform  that  counsel  which  I  remember 
from  some  translation  in  Syracides,  Teras  limen  sensati  viri,2  yet  I 
should  at  least  have  often  visited  you  with  my  poor  lines.  But  on 
the  other  side,  while  I  durst  not  trust  mine  own  conceit  in  the  power 
of  my  present  infirmity,  and  therefore  have  seldom  written  to  any,  I 
find  myself  in  the  meantime  overcharged  with  divers  letters  from 
you  of  singular  kindness,  and  one  of  them  accompanied  with  a  dainty 
peaceful  piece,  which  truly  I  had  not  seen  before  ;  so  as  besides  the 
weight  of  the  subject  it  was  welcome  even  for  the  grace  of  newness. 
Yet  let  me  tell  you,  I  could  not  but  somewhat  wonder  to  find  our 
spiritual  Seneca 3  (you  know  whom  I  mean)  among  these  reconcilers, 
having  read  a  former  treatise  of  his  (if  my  memory  fail  me  not)  of  a 
contrary  complexion.  Howsoever,  now  let  him  have  his  due  praise 
with  the  rest  for  showing  his  Christian  wisdom  and  charity.  But  I 
tear,  as  it  was  anciently  said  by  a  Koman  General,  that  helium  sese 
alit,4  so  it  will  prove,  though  in  somewhat  a  different  sense,  likewise 

1  Dr.  Samuel  Collins,  Provost  of  King's  College  ;  see  Appendix  III. 

2  Ecclesiasticus  vi.  36  'Et  si  videris  sensatum,  evigila  ad  eum,  et  gracilis 
ostiorum  illius  exterat  pes  tuns.' 

3  Dr.  Joseph  Hall  (1574-1656),  Bishop  of  Exeter  1627,  of  Norwich  1641.  '  He 
was  commonly  called  our  English  Seneca  for  the  purencss,  plainness,  and 
fullness  of  his  style.'     ^Fuller's  Worthies,  1811,  i,  p.  566.) 

'■  Marcus  Porcius  Cato ;  '^Bcllum"  inquit  "  se  ipsuni  alct."'  (Livy,  xxxiv. 
\K  12.) 


PORTRAIT   OF   FRA   PAOLO   SARPI 
(From  the  picture,  by  an  unknown  painter,  in  the  Bodleian  Library.) 


TO   SAMUEL  COLLINS  371 

as  true  of  this  Church  warfare,  that  the  veiy  pleasure  of  contending 
will  foment  contention  till  the  end  of  all  flesh. 

But  let  me  leave  that  sacred  business  to  our  well-meaning  Fathers. 

And  now.  Sir,  having  a  fit  messenger,  and  not  long  after  the  time 
when  love  tokens  use  to  pass  between  friends,  let  me  be  bold  to  send 
you  for  a  New  Year's  gift  a  certain  memorial,  not  altogether  unworthy 
of  some  entertainment  under  your  roof ;  namely,  a  true  picture  of 
Padre  Paolo  the  Scrrifa.  which  was  first  taken  by  a  painter  whom  I 
sent  unto  him  from  my  house  then  neighbouring  his  monastery.  1 
have  newly  added  thereunto  a  title  of  mine  own  conception,  Concilii 
Tridcut'iiti  Eviscerator ;  and  had  sent  the  frame  withal  if  it  were 
portable,  which  is  but  of  plain  deal,  coloured  black  like  the  habit  of 
his  order.1  You  have  a  luminous  parlour,  which  I  have  good  cause 
to  remember,  not  only  by  delicate  fare  and  freedom  (the  prince  of 
dishes!,  but  above  all,  by  your  own  learned  discourse  ;  for  to  dine 
with  you  is  to  dine  with  many  good  authors.  In  that  room  I  beseech 
you  to  allow  it  a  favourable  place  for  my  sake.  And  that  you  may 
have  somewhat  to  tell  of  him  more  than  a  bare  image,  if  any  shall 
ask,  as  in  the  Tabic  of  Cebes,  TiVos  cVn  t68*  ayaXfxa ;  °~  I  am  desirous 
to  characterize  a  little  unto  you  such  part  of  his  nature,  customs,  and 
abilities,  as  I  had  occasion  to  know  by  sight  or  by  inquiry.  He  was 
one  of  the  humblest  things  that  could  be  seen  within  the  bounds  of 
humanity  ;  the  very  pattern  of  that  precept,  quanto  doctior  tanto 
sabmissior.3  And  enough  alone  to  demonstrate  that  knowledge  well 
digested  non  utflat.  Excellent  in  positive,  excellent  in  scholastical 
and  polemical  divinity.  A  rare  mathematician,  even  in  the  most 
abstruse  parts  thereof,  as  in  algebra  and  the  theoriques 4 ;  and  yet 
withal  so  expert  in  the  history  of  plants  as  if  he  had  never  perused 
any  book  but  nature.  Lastly,  a  great  canonist,  which  was  the  title 
of  his  ordinary  service  with  the  State  ;  and  certainly  in  the  time  of 
the  Pope's  interdict  they  had  their  principal  light  from  him.  When 
he  was  either  reading  or  writing  alone  his  manner  was  to  sit  fenced 
witli  a  castle  of  paper  about  his  chair  and  over  head  :  for  he  was 
of  our  Lord  of  St.  Alban's  opinion,  that  all  air  is  predatory,  and 
especially  hurtful  when  the  spirits  are  most  employed.  You  will 
find  a  scar  in  his  face,  that  was  from  a  Koman  assassinate,  that  would 
have  killed  him  as  he  was  turned  to  a  wall  near  to  his  convent :  and  if 
there  were  not  a  greater  Providence  about  us  it  might  often  have 

1   For  the  history  of  this  portrait  see  Appendix  III,  under  Sarpi. 
3  A  reference  to  the  Tliva{  of  Cebes  ;  Wotton  is  quoting  from  memory  ;  ri  wort 
ionv  6  {iddos ;  are  the  words  of  the  stranger  in  the  dialogue.     (ILVa£  iii.) 

3  '  Ut  reetc  praecipere  videantur  qui  monent,  ut,  quanto  superiores  simus, 
tanto  nos  geramus  submissius.'     (Cic.  dc  Offic.  i.  2(5.) 

4  'Theoriques.'  i.e.  theories,  theoretical  branches  of  knowledge. 

Bb  2 


372  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

been  easily  done,  especially  upon  such  a  weak  and  wearyish  body. 
He  was  of  a  quiet  and  settled  temper,  which  made  him  prompt  in 
his  counsels  and  answers ;  and  the  same  in  consultation  which 
Themistocles  was  in  action,  avToa-x&ia^tLv  Ikolvotcltos  \  as  will  appear 
unto  you  in  a  passage  between  him  and  the  Prince  of  Conde.  The 
said  Prince,  in  a  voluntary  journey  to  Kome,  came  by  Venice,  where 
to  give  some  vent  to  his  own  humours  he  would  often  divest  himself 
of  his  greatness,  and  after  other  less  laudable  curiosities,  not  long 
before  his  departure,  a  desire  took  him  to  visit  the  famous  obscure 
Servita  ;  to  whose  cloister  coming  twice,  he  was  the  first  time  denied 
to  be  within  ;  at  the  second  it  was  intimated  that  by  reason  of  his 
daily  admission  to  their  deliberation  in  the  j)alace,  he  could  not 
receive  the  visit  of  so  illustrious  a  personage  without  leave  from  the 
Senate,  which  he  would  seek  to  procure.  This  set  a  greater  edge  on 
the  Prince  when  he  saw  he  should  confer  with  one  participant  of 
more  than  monkish  speculations.  So  after  leave  gotten  he  came  the 
third  time  ;  and  then  besides  other  voluntary  discourse  (which  it  were 
a  tyranny  over  you  to  repeat)  he  assailed  him  with  a  question  enough 
to  have  troubled  any  man  but  himself,  and  him  too  if  a  precedent 
accident  had  not  eased  him.  The  question  was  SiapprjSrjv  this ;  he 
desired  to  be  told  by  him  before  his  going  who  was  the  true 
unmasked  author  of  the  late  Tridentine  history  ? 

You  must  know  this,  that  but  newly  advertisement  was  come  from 
Rome  that  the  Archbishop  of  Spalato  being  then  re-arrived  from 
England,  in  an  interview  between  him  and  the  Cardinal  Ludovisio, 
nephew  to  Gregory  the  XV,  the  said  Cardinal,  after  a  complimental 
welcoming  him  into  the  lap  of  the  Church,  told  him  by  order  from 
the  Pope  that  his  Holiness  would  expect  from  him  some  recantation 
in  print 2,  as  an  antidote  against  certain  books  and  pamphlets  which 
he  had  published  whilst  he  stood  in  revolt.  Namely,  his  first  Mani- 
festo 3 ;  item,  two  sermons  preached  at  the  Italian  Church  in  London  : 4 
again,  a  little  tract,  entitled  his  Scogli,5  and  lastly,  his  greater 
volumes  about  Church  regiment  and  controversies.6  These  were  all 
named.    '  For  as  touching  the  Tridentine  history,  his  Holiness '  (says 

1  Kpariaros  8t)  qvtos  avToax^iafav  T<*  Seovra  eytvtro.     (Thuc.  i.  138.) 

2  '  Memorandum,  that  the  recantation  was  to  my  knowledge  never  printed  at 
Kome  or  elsewhere,  through  more  haste  belike  to  his  death,  or  otherwise  upon 
further  consideration  that  things  extorted  with  fear  carry  no  credit,  even  by 
the  Praetor's  Edict.'  (Wotton's  note  in  margin.)  This  recantation,  however,  was 
printed  at  Rome  in  1623  '  M.A.  de  D.  .  .  .  sui  Reditus  ex  Anglia  Consilium  expoiiit'. 
and  an  English  translation  was  published  at  Douai,  in  the  same  year. 

3  Marc.  Ant.  de  Dominis  .  .  .  suae profectionis  consilium  exponit,  London,  1616. 

4  Predica  Rom.,  xii.  12,  k  La  prima  Domenica  dell' Avvento  1617.'  I  cannot 
find  a  reference  to  any  other  sermon  published  by  De  Dominis. 

8  Scogli  del  Cristiano  Naufragio,  &c,  1616. 

6  De  RepuUica  Ecdesiastka,  London,  1617  and  1620,  3  vols. 


TO  SAMUEL  COLLINS  373 

the  Cardinal)  '  will  not  press  you  to  any  disavowment  thereof ',  though 
you  have  an  epistle  before  the  original  edition,  because  we  know  well 
enough  that  Friar  Paolo  is  the  father  of  that  brat.'  Upon  this  last 
piece  of  the  aforesaid  advertisement  the  good  father  came  fairly 
off ;  for  on  a  sudden  laying  all  together,  that  to  disavow  the  work 
was  an  untruth,  to  assume  it  a  danger,  and  to  say  nothing  an 
incivility,  he  took  a  middle  evasion,  telling  the  Prince  that  he 
understood  he  was  going  to  Rome,  where  he  might  learn  at  ease  who 
was  the  author  of  that  book,  as  they  were  freshly  intelligenced  from 
thence.2 

Thus  without  any  mercy  of  your  time  I  have  been  led  along  from 
one  thing  to  another,  while  I  have  taken  pleasure  to  remember  that 
man  whom  God  appointed  and  furnished  for  a  proper  instrument  to 
anatomize  that  pack  of  reverend  cheaters,  among  whom  (I  speak  of 
the  greater  part,  exceptis  sanioribus)  religion  was  shuffled  like  a  pair  of 
cards  and  the  dice  so  many  years  were  set  upon  us.  And  so  wishing 
you  very  heartily  many  good  years.  I  will  let  you  breathe  till  you 
have  opened  the  enclosed,  remaining, 

Your  poor  friend  to  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 


475.    To  Lord  Coventry3. 

Iieliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  442  ;  3rd  ed..  p.  349.  Unsigned  ;  no  date,  but  probably  the 
letter  mentioned  in  the  postscript  of  No.  476,  and  written  therefore 
early  in  1638.  A  letter  to  the  Lord  Keeper  with  a  petition  about 
College  business,  from  the  Provost  and  Fellows  of  Eton. 

(January  ?  1638). 

Right    Honourable    and    our    very    good    Lord,    the    Lord 
Keeper, 

It  is  so  open  and  so  general  for  any  that  fly  unto  your  Lordship's 
tribunal  to  receive  there  a  fair  and  equitable  measure  as  it  hath  (we 
know  not  how)  wrought  in  us  a  kind  of  unnatural  effect ;  for  thereby 
we  have  been  made  the  sower  to  render  your  Lordship  our  most 
humble  thanks  in  our  own  proper  case,  because  we  knew  not  how  to 
single  it  from  the  common  benefit  which  all  find  in  your  goodness. 
But  we  can  now  forbear  no  longer  to  join  among  ourselves,  and  with 
the  universal  voice,  in  a  blessing  upon  your  name. 

And  as  we   bring  a  true  and   humble  acknowledgement  in  our 

1  '  Quod  metus  causa.'     Note  of  Wotton's. 

2  Ante,  ii,  p.  251. 

Sir  Thomas  Coventry  (1578-1640),  Lord  Keeper  1625,  Lord  Coventry  [68& 

'A  X.  B.) 


374  LETTERS    OF   WOTTON 

particular,  that  this  College  is  bound  to  celebrate  your  honour  for 
that  charitable  injunction  wherewith  you  have  sustained  a  great  and 
important  portion  of  the  livelihood  of  so  many  young  plants  of  good 
literature,  till  a  farther  discussion  of  your  right,  so  we  likewise  most 
humbly  beseech  your  good  Lordship,  in  the  sincerity  of  our  own 
desires  of  quietness,  and  in  the  confidence  of  our  cause,  that  you  will 
be  pleased  to  entertain  with  favour  a  petition  which  our  Counsel  will 
present  unto  your  Lordship  for  some  day  of  hearing  that  shall  best 
sort  with  your  great  affairs.  And  so  with  all  our  joint  and  hearty 
prayers,  both  of  young  and  old,  for  your  long  preservation,  we  rest, 
Your  most  humble  and  devoted  servants. 

476.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  100  ;  Beliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  466.    Wotton's  health,  prospects 
and  literary  plans. 

From  your  College,  this  Ash-Wednesday. 
(Feb.  7),  1637<8>. 

Oh  my  most  dear  nephew  (for  so  I  still  glory  to  call  you,  while 
Heaven  possesseth  her  who  bound  us  in  that  relation),  how  have  I  of 
late,  after  many  vexations  of  a  fastidious  infirmity,  been  at  once  rent 
in  pieces  by  hearing  that  you  were  at  London.  '  What ! '  said  I,  '  and 
must  it  be  at  a  time  when  I  cannot  fly  thither  to  have  my  wonted  part 
of  that  conversation  wherein  all  that  know  him  enjoy  such  infinite 
contentment  ? '  Thus  much  did  suddenly  break  loose  from  the  heart 
that  doth  truly  honour  you.  And  now,  Sir,  let  me  tell  you  both  how 
it  hath  gone  with  me  and  how  I  stand  at  the  present.  There  is  a 
triple  health,  health  of  body,  of  mind,  and  of  fortune  ;  you  shall  have 
a  short  account  of  all  three. 

For  the  first ;  it  is  now  almost  an  whole  cycle  of  the  sun  since, 
after  certain  fits  of  a  quotidian  fever,  I  was  assailed  by  that  splenetic 
passion,  which  a  country  good  fellow  that  had  been  a  piece  of  a 
grammarian  meant  when  he  said  he  was  sick  of  the  flatus,  and  the 
other  hard  word  ;  for  hypochondriacus  stuck  in  his  teeth.  It  is  the 
very  Proteus  of  all  maladies,  shifting  into  sundry  shapes,  almost 
every  night  a  new,  and  yet  still  the  same  ;  neither  can  I  hope  that 
it  will  end  in  a  solar  period,  being  such  a  saturnine  humour ;  but 
though  the  core  and  root  of  it  be  remaining,  yet  the  symptoms  (I 
thank  my  God)  are  well  allayed.  And  in  general  I  have  found  it  of 
more  contumacy  than  malignity.  Only  since  the  late  cold  weather 
there  is  complicated  with  it  a  more  asthmatical  straitness  of  respira- 
tion than  heretofore :  yet  those  about  me  say  I  bear  it  well,  as 
perchance   custom    hath    taught    me,  being   now   familiarized    and 


TO  SIB    EDMUND   BACOH  875 

domesticated  evils :  in  the  tragedian's  expression,  Iain  manxurta 
nuila.1  And  thus  much  of  the  habit  of  my  body.  On  the  other  side, 
my  mind  is  in  a  right  philosophical  estate  of  health,  that  is,  at  an 
equal  distance  both  from  desire  and  hope,  and  ambitious  of  nothing 
but  of  doing  nothing  and  of  being  nothing.  Yet  I  have  some  employ- 
ment of  my  thoughts  to  keep  them  from  mouldering,  as  you  shall 
know  before  I  close  this  letter.  But  first,  touching  the  third  kind  of 
health.  My  condition  or  fortune  was  never  better  than  in  this  good 
Lord  Treasurer's2  time:  the  very  reverse  of  his  proud  predecessor, 
that  made  a  scorn  of  my  poverty  and  a  sport  of  my  modesty,  leaving 
me  in  bad  case,  and  the  world  so,  as  though  we  now  know  by  what 
arts  he  lived,  yet  are  we  ignorant  to  this  hour  by  what  religion  he 
died,  save  only  that  it  could  not  be  good,  which  was  not  worthy  the 
professing.3  This  free  passage  let  me  commit  to  your  noble  breast, 
remembering  that  in  confidence  of  the  receiver  I  have  transgressed  a 
late  counsel  of  mine  own,  which  I  gave  to  a  young  friend,  who,  asking 
me  casually  of  what  he  should  make  him  a  suit,  as  he  was  passing 
this  way  towards  London,  I  told  him  that,  in  my  opinion,  he  could 
not  buy  a  cheaper  nor  a  more  lasting  stuff  there  than  silence.  For 
I  loved  him  well,  and  was  afraid  of  a  little  freedom  that  I  spied 
in  him. 

And  now,  Sir,  I  must  needs  conclude  (or  I  shall  burst)  with  letting 
you  know  that  I  have  divers  things  in  wild  sheets  that  think  and 
struggle  to  get  out  of  several  kinds,  some  long  promised  and  some  of 
a  newer  conception.  But  a  poor  exercise  of  my  pen  (wherewith  I  shall 
only  honour  myself  by  the  dedication  thereof  unto  your  own  person)  is 
that  which  shall  lead  the  way  by  mine  and  your  good  leave,  intend- 
ing (if  God  yield  me  His  favour)  to  print  it  before  it  be  long  in  Oxford, 
and  to  send  you  thence,  or  bring  you  a  copy  to  our  Redgrave.  What 
the  subject  is  you  must  not  know  beforehand  :  for  I  fear  it  will  want 
all  other  grace  if  it  lose  virginity.4  And  so  the  Lord  of  all  abundant 
joy  keep  you  long,  con  quetta  bnona  ciera,  which  this  my  servant  did 

relate  unto  me. 

Who  live,  at  all  your  commands, 

Henry  Wotton. 
Postscript. — Mr.  Clever5,  one  of  the  now  Fellows  of  this  College 

1  The  phrase  '  mansuetum  id  malum '  occurs  in  Liry,  iii.  16. 
3  Juxon. 

3  The  Earl  of  Portland  (ante,  ii,  pp.  334-6).  He  professed  himself  a  Catholic  on 
his  death-bed.     {Gardiner,  vii,  p.  378.) 

4  Wotton  did  not  publish  anything  in  this  year,  but  is  referring  perhaps  to 
his  unfinished  essay  '  The  Great  Action  behceen  Pompey  and  Caesar,  extracted  out 
of  the  Roman  and  Grecian  miters  by  H.  W.  Kt.  for  an  Historical  exercise.' 
'  The  dedication  to  Sir  Edmund  Bacon,  Knight  and  Baronet,' was  printed  in  the 
Reliquiae,  1st  ed.,  p.  337  ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  239.  5  Clever  {ante,  ii,  p.  3fiC>\ 


376  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

(where  have  been  divers  changes  since  it  had  the  honour  and  the 
gladness  to  receive  you),  being  this  day  returned  hither  from  the 
excellent  Lord  Keeper,  to  whom  we  had  addressed  him  about  a  business 
that  concerneth  us,  tells  me  even  at  this  instant  in  the  account  of  his 
journey  that  it  pleased  his  good  Lordship  to  inquire  of  him  twice  or 
thrice  very  graciously  touching  my  health.  I  beseech  you  (my  noble 
nephew)  let  his  Lordship  see,  if  it  please  you,  this  whole  letter  (for  I 
dare  trust  his  indulgent  goodness,  both  with  my  liberties  and  with 
my  simplicities)  and  that  will  tell  him  my  present  estate,  which,  by 
making  it  any  part  of  his  care,  is  for  ever  at  his  most  humble  service. 

477.    To  Izaak  Walton. 

Beh'q.,  1st  ed.,  p.  513  ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  361 ;  no  date,  but  probably  written  at  about 
the  same  time  as  No.  476.  as  the  description  of  Wotton's  illness  is  the 
same.    A  hymn  sent  to  Walton. 

(Eton  College.  Feb.  1638  ?) 
My  worthy  Friend, 

Since  I  last  saw  you  I  have  been  confined  to  my  chamber  by  a 
quotidian  fever,  I  thank  God  of  more  contumacy  than  malignity.  It 
had  once  left  me,  as  I  thought ;  but  it  was  only  to  fetch  more  com- 
pany, returning  with  a  surcrew  of  those  splenetic  vapours  that  are 
called  hypochondriacal ;  of  which  most  say  the  cure  is  good  company ; 
and  I  desire  no  better  phjTsician  than  yourself.  I  have  in  one  of 
those  fits  endeavoured  to  make  it  more  easy  by  composing  a  short 
hymn  ;  and  since  I  have  apparelled  my  best  thoughts  so  lightly  as  in 
verse,  I  hope  I  shall  be  pardoned  a  second  vanity  if  I  communicate 
it  writh  such  a  friend  as  yourself,  to  whom  I  wish  a  cheerful  spirit 
and  a  thankful  heart  to  value  it,  as  one  of  the  greatest  blessings  of 
our  good  God  ;  in  whose  dear  love  I  leave  you,  remaining 

Your  poor  friend  to  serve  you, 

H.  Wotton. 

A  Hymn  to  my  God  in  a  night  of  my  late  sickness. 
Oh  thou  great  Power!  in  whom  I  move, 
For  whom  I  live,  to  whom  I  die, 
Behold  me  through  Thy  beams  of  love, 
Whilst  on  this  couch  of  tears  I  lie ; 
And  cleanse  my  sordid  soul  within 
By  Thy  Christ's  blood,  the  bath  of  sin. 

No  hallowed  oils,  no  grains  I  need, 
No  rags  of  saints,  no  purging  fire, 
One  rosy  drop  from  David's  seed 
Was  worlds  of  seas  to  quench  Thine  ire. 


TO    rZAAK    WALTON  377 

0  precious  ransom  !  which  once  paid. 
That  Consmmwttuni  M  was  .said  ; 

And  said  by  Him  that  said  no  more, 

But  sealed  it  with  His  sacred  breath. 

Thou  then  that  hath  disponged  my  score, 

And  dying  wast  the  death  of  death, 
Be  to  me  now,  on  Thee  I  call, 
My  life,  my  strength,  my  joy,  my  all. 

Hen.  Wotton. 

478.  To  Doctor  Castle1. 

Av//7..  1st  ed.,  p.  458;  3rd  ed.,  p.  358.  The  first  often  letters  to  Dr.  Castle. 
all  undated  save  one.  For  lack  of  other  indications  of  date  or  order 
I  place  these  letters  to  Castle  in  the  sequence  in  which  they  were  printed 
in  the  Reliquiae.    Wotton  refers  to  a  report  of  his  death. 

(Eton  College.  February.  1688  ?) 
Worthy  Sir, 

Till  the  receipt  of  your  last,  and  the  like  from  others  of  both 
universities  and  one  from  Bruxels,  chisdcm  argumenti,  I  thought, 
in  good  faith,  that  as  I  have  lived  (I  thank  God)  with  little  ambition, 
so  I  could  have  died  with  as  much  silence  as  any  man  in  England. 
But  I  now  see  that  the  most  unvaluable  things  may  serve  to  make  a 
noise. 

And  I  have  now  no  more  to  say,  but  that  while  the  foresaid  report 
shall  be  false  the  underwriter  is 

Truly  yours, 

H.  Wotton. 

479.  To  Doctor  Castle. 

Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  476;  3rd  ed.,  p.  362.  'To  Doctor  C  No  date,  but  as 
Wotton  repeats  in  this  letter  the  anecdote  in  No.  476,  and  the  same 
description  of  his  illness,  it  was  no  doubt  written  at  about  the  same 
time.     Wotton  asks  for  news,  and  writes  of  his  illness. 

(Eton  College.  February  1638?) 
Worthy  Sir, 

I  cannot  (according  to  the  Italian  phrase,  at  which  I  have  been 
often  ready  to  laugh,  among  a  nation  otherwise  of  so  civil  language) 
accuse 2  the  receipt  of  any  letter  from  you  since  your  remove  from 
these  parts,  save  of  two  by  this  bearer,  my  servant  and  yours,  as  all 
mine  shall  be.     Neither  can  I  satisfy  my  imagination  (so  far  I  am 

1  Dr.  John  Castle,  see  Appendix  III. 

2  Acwsare  una  lettera,  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  a  letter. 


378  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

from  quieting  my  desire)  where  a  third  (which  you  intimate  in  your 
last)  may  yet  lie  smothered  in  some  pocket,  for  which  I  should  have 
made  a  great  research  if  that  were  not  the  diligentest  way  to  miss 
it.  The  truth  is,  as  I  do  highly  estimate  every  line  from  your  pen, 
so  on  the  other  side  I  am  as  jealous  that  any  of  them  should  stray. 
For  when  a  friend  of  mine,  that  was  lately  going  towards  your  city, 
fell  casually  into  some  discourse  with  me  how  he  should  clothe 
himself  there,  I  made  some  sport  to  tell  him  (for  a  little  beguiling 
of  my  melancholy  fumes)  that  in  my  opinion  the  cheapest  stuff  in 
London  was  silence.  But  this  concerneth  neither  of  us  both,  for  we 
know  how  to  speak  and  write  safely,  that  is,  honestly  ;  always,  if  we 
touch  any  tender  matter,  let  us  remember  his  motto  that  wrote 
upon  the  mantel  of  his  chimney,  where  he  used  to  keep  a  good  fire. 
optimus  secretariorum. 

I  owe  you  abundant  thanks  for  the  advertisements  in  your  last,  so 
clearly  and  judiciously  delivered.  You  cannot  do  me  a  greater 
favour,  for  though  I  am  a  cloistered  man  in  the  condition  of  my 
present  life,  besides  my  confinement  by  infirmity,  yet  having  spent 
so  much  of  mine  age  among  noise  abroad,  and  seven  years  thereof  in 
the  Court  at  home,  there  doth  still  hang  upon  me,  I  know  not  how, 
a  certain  concupiscence  of  novelties. 

I  am  sorry  I  have  nothing  in  that  kind  at  the  present  to  inter- 
change with  you. 

In  mine  own  sickness  I  had  of  late,  for  one  half  night  and  a  whole 
day  following,  a  perfect  intermission,  like  a  truce  from  all  symptoms. 
But  some  of  them  are  returned  again,  and  I  am  afraid  it  will  be  hard 
to  throw  out  altogether  this  same  saturnine  enemy,  being  now 
lodged  in  me  almost  a  full  year. 

In  your  way  of  applying  the  leeches  I  have  found  sensible  benei 

If  I  could  get  a  lodging  near  Paul's  Church  I  would  fain  pass 
week  there  yet  before  the  great  festival.1 

Pardon  me,  good  Sir,  this  communication  with  you  of  my  domest 
purposes  ;  and  pardon  me  likewise  the  use  of  another  man's  hand 
this  letter,  for  a  little  ease  of  mine  own  head  and  eyes.     And  so  I  res 
Your  hearty  friend  and  servant  in  all  occasions, 

gIR  H.   Wotton. 

Your  subscription  of  Aldrovandus2  putteth  me  in  mind  of 
a  mishap  which  befell  me  in  the  time  of  my  private  travels.  I  had 
been  in  a  long  pursuit  of  a  much  commended  author,  namely  Johannes 

1  Probably  Easter,  which  fell  on  March  25  (O.S.)  in  1638,  though  Wotton 
is  possibly  referring -to  the  creation  of  Prince  Charles  (Charles  II)  as  PriiMI 
of  Wales,  which  was  celebrated  with  considerable  pomp  at  Windsor  in  May. 
1638;  see  below,  p.  387. 

2  Ulisse  Aldrovandi  (1527-1607\  author  of  a  famous  Natural  History. 


TO  DOCTOB   CASTLE  m 

Britannicus  dc  re  Meidllica,  and  could  never  sec  him  hut  in  the 
library  of  the  brave  monks  of  Mont'  Oliveto  in  the  ConUido  di  Siena  ; 
where,  while  I  had  taken  order  to  have  him  transcribed,  Aldrovando 
passing  that  way  borrowed  him  from  the  monastery,  and  I  sending 
not  long  after  unto  him  in  Bologna  my  friend  found  him  newly 
dead.    And  this  was  the  period  of  my  fruitless  curiosity. 

480.  To  Doctor  Castle. 

Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  479  ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  365;   'to  Doctor  C     The  third  of  the 
letters  to  Dr.  Castle. 

(February,  1638?) 
Worthy  Sir, 

I  see  by  your  letters,  by  your  discourses,  and  by  your  whole 
conversation,  that  you  are  a  friend  of  great  learning,  and  (which  are 
commonly  consociated)  of  as  great  humanity  ;  which  shall  make  me 
study  by  any  means,  within  the  narrowness  of  my  fortune  and 
judgement,  to  deserve  your  love. 

The  rest  I  leave  to  this  bearer,  my  servant,  as  I  am  yours, 

H.  Wotton. 

481.  To  Doctor  Castle. 

Rrliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  484 ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  365.    Wotton  describes  his  illness  in  the 
same  phrases  as  in  Letter  476. 

(Eton  College,  February,  1638?) 

Worthy  Sir, 

Henceforward  no  complimental  forms  between  us.  Let  others 
repute  them  according  to  the  Latin  denomination,  fine  civil  fillings 
of  speech  and  letters,1  for  my  part,  in  good  faith  ex  diametro, 
I  ever  thought  they  were  mere  emptinesses.  Yet  they  may  chance 
serve  between  some  natures  to  kindle  good  will :  but  I  account  our 
friendship  no  longer  in  fieri. 

You  have  so  represented  unto  me  as  methinks  I  see  him 

walking,  not  like  a  funambulus  upon  a  cord,  but  upon  the  edge 
of  a  razor.2  What  shall  I  retribute  to  you  from  hence?  Nothing 
but   a  pretty  accident   in  a  sad    subject.     There  was,   you    know, 

inhabitant  in  ,  a  young  widow  of  value,  who  lately  dying  at 

London,  whither  she  went  to  solace  with  some  of  her  friends,  left 

1  Complementa. 

2  Possibly  John  Williams,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  who  being  still  in  disgrace  with 
the  Court,  put  himself  on  the  side  of  the  Puritans,  and  was  attempting  to 
mediate  between  them  and  the  High  Church  party.  His  H<>hi  Tnhle,  Name,  and 
Thing,  published  in  Nov.  1637,  advocated  a  compromise  of  the  controversy 
about  the  position  of  the  Communion  Table.  He  was  now  in  the  Tower,  where 
he  remained  until  1640.     (Gardiner,  viii,  pp.  253-6  ;  Strafford  P)>.,  ii,  p.  149.) 


380  LETTERS    OF    WOTTOX 

order  by  will  that  her  body  should  be  buried  in  her  dwelling  parish, 

as  it  was  this  week,  where made  the  funeral  sermon,  who  had 

been  one  of  her  professed  suitors :  and  so  she  did  not  want  a  passionate 
elogist,  as  well  as  an  excellent  preacher. 

For  the  estate  of  mine  own  body,  it  is  not  so  well  as  my  servant 
seems  by  your  letter  to  have  laid  it  before  you.  It  is  true  that  the 
symptoms  are  well  allayed,  or  otherwise  peradventure  custom  hath 
taught  me  to  bear  them  better,  being  now  familiarized  and  domesti- 
cated evils,  iam  mansueta  mala.  Yet  still  the  hot  fumes  continue  in 
the  night,  and  the  salivation  by  day,  but  in  somewhat  a  lesser 
measure,  besides  a  straitness  of  breathing,  which  I  should  be 
glad  to  know  whether  you  observe  in  other  hypochondriacal  patients. 
And  if  you  can  advise  me  of  a  good  erynum1,  I  have  a  strong 
fantasy,  ex  Fernelio 2,  that  it  will  discharge  my  head  :  but  such  juices 
and  expressions3  as  he  appointeth  are  not  now  to  be  had.  Sir, 
pardon  me  this  trouble,  and  God  have  you  in  his  love. 

Your  affectionate  friend  to  serve  you  unceremoniously, 

H.  W. 

482.    To  Doctor  Collins. 

King1 8  College  MSS.  Letters,  IV,  No.  6,  transcript.  A  formal  letter  from  the 
Provost  of  Eton  to  the  Provost  of  King's  College,  about  the  election  of 
a  scholar  from  Eton  to  King's  College. 

From  the  King's  College  in  Eton, 
this  4th  day  of  April  <1638>. 

Sir, 

Having  lately  notice  from  you  of  a  Scholar's  place  now  voi< 
in  your  College  (the  which  within  certain  days  is  to  be  filled)  I  have 
therefore,  according  to  your  notice  given,  and  the  statutes  of  botl 
our  Colleges,  sent  you  the  name  of  the  Scholar  lately  elected  for  tlu 
place  (that  is  to  say),  John  Akester4  actas  xvii,  Fest.  Nativit.  Cot 
Surrey,  Villa,  Putney.     And  so  with  my  very  hearty  commendatioi 
I  commit  you  to  God. 

Your  very  loving  friend, 

Henry  Wotton. 

1  '  Erynum '  or  '  Eryngium ',  sea  holly,  formerly  used  as  a  diuretic.     (Feiinel 

2  Ex  Fernelio,  see  ante,  ii,  p.  366  n. 


3  '  Expressions,'  i.  e.  things  pressed  or  squeezed  out.     Obs.     (N.  E.  D.) 

4  John  Akester,  or  Alcester,  elected  from  Eton  to  King's  College  1638.  '  We 
away  Scholar.'  (Harwood,  p.  238.)  Another  similar  formal  letter  from  Wott< 
to  Collins  (dated  1637)  is  preserved  at  King's  College.     (Letters,  iv,  No.  8.) 


TO  JOHN    MILTON  881 


483.    To  John  Mii/ion. 

fotm  of  Mr.  John  Mi/ton,  1645.     'The  copy  of  a  letter  writt'n  l»y  Sir  Henry 
Wootton,  to  the  author,  upon  the  following  Poem.'     Reprinted,  Reliq., 

1st  (Hi.,  p.  482,     To  Master ' ;   3rd  ed..  p.  842,  -To  Mr.   Milton.' 

Wotton  thanks  Milton  for  sending  him  Comits.  and  advises  him  about 
his  Italian  journey. 

From  the  College,  this  13  of  April.  1638. 

Si,;. 

It  was  a  special  favour  when  you  lately  bestowed  upon  me 
here  the  first  taste  of  your  acquaintance,  though  no  longer  than  to 
make  me  know  that  I  wanted  more  time  to  value  it  and  to  enjoy  it 
rightly ;  and  in  truth,  if  I  could  then  have  imagined  your  farther 
^tay  in  these  parts,  which  I  understood  afterward  by  Mr.  H.1, 1  would 
have  been  bold,  in  our  vulgar  phrase,  to  mend  my  draught  (for  you 
left  me  with  an  extreme  thirst),  and  to  have  begged  your  conversa- 
tion again  jointly  with  your  said  learned  friend  at  a  poor  meal  or 
two,  that  we  might  have  banded 2  together  some  good  authors  of  the 
ancient  time:  among  which  I  observed  you  to  have  been  familiar. 

Since  your  going  you  have  charged  me  with  new  obligations,  both 
for  a  very  kind  letter  from  you,  dated  the  sixth  of  this  month,  and 
for  a  dainty  piece  of  entertainment 3  that  came  therewith.  Wherein 
I  should  much  commend  the  tragical  part  if  the  lyrical  did  not 
ravish  me  with  a  certain  Dorique 4  delicacy  in  your  songs  and  odes ; 
whereunto  I  must  plainly  confess  to  have  seen  yet  nothing  parallel 
in  our  language,  ipsa  mollifies.  But  I  must  not  omit  to  tell  you 
that  I  now  only  owe  you  thanks  for  intimating  unto  me  (how 
modestly  soever)  the  true  artificer.  For  the  work  itself  I  had  viewed 
some  good  while  before  with  singular  delight,  having  received  it  from 
our  common  friend  Mr.  R.  in  the  very  close  of  the  late  R.'s  poems5 

1  No  doubt  John  Hales,  whose  name  was  added  in  old  handwriting  in  a  copy 
If  the  Reliquiae  (1672)  in  the  possession  of  Henry  Todd.  (Todd's  Milton,  1806, 
vi,  p.  180  n.)  Warton  first  suggested  Samuel  Hartlib,  but  omitted  this  suggestion 
in  the  2nd  ed.  of  his  Comus. 

-     Banded,'  i.e.  bandied.     Obs.     (.V.  E.  D.) 

3  A  Maske  presented  at  Ludlow  Castle,  1634,  &c.  The  anonymous  edition  of 
Comus  published  by  Henry  Lawes. 

*  'Dorique,'  i.e.  Tbeocritan  or  pastoral,  of.  Lycidas,  189,  'With  eager  thought 
warbling  his  Doric  lay.'  Paradise  Regained,  iv.  257,  'Aeolian  charms  and 
J)<>rian  lyric  odes.'  Wotton,  as  far  as  we  know,  was  the  first  person  of  eminence 
who  recognized  Milton's  genius. 

5  These  initials  are  somewbat  puzzling,  and  have  given  rise  to  considerable 
<li>cussion  among  Milton's  commentators.  Warton's  explanation  is  almost  cer- 
tainly the  correct  one.  '  Mr.  R.'  was  probably  John  Rouse,  Bodley's  Librarian. 
t<>  whom  Milton  wrote  a  Latin  Ode  in  1647.  Milton  was  incorporated  M.A.  it 
Oxford  in  1635,  and  had  probably  made  the  acquaintance  of  Rouse  at  the 
Bodleian.  But  Humphrey  Robinson,  by  whom  the  first  edition  ofCbmm  waa 
printed,  and  Robert  Randolph,  the  younger  brother  of  Thomas  Randolph, 
haw    been    suggested.      [N.   it    Q.,    1st    Ser.,    vii,   pp.    Ill,    140.)      'The    late 


382  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

printed  at  Oxford  ;  whereunto  is  added  (as  I  now  suppose)  that  the 
accessory  might  help  out  the  principal,  according  to  the  art  of 
stationers,  and  to  leave  the  reader  con  la  bocca  dolce. 

Now,  Sir,  concerning  your  travels,  wherein  I  may  challenge  a  little 
more  privilege  of  discourse  with  you.  I  suppose  you  will  not  blanch 
Paris  in  your  way  ;  therefore  I  have  been  bold  to  trouble  you  with 
a  few  lines  to  Mr.  M.  B.1,  whom  you  shall  easily  find  attending  the 
young  Lord  S.2  as  his  governor,  and  you  may  surely  receive  from 
him  good  directions  for  the  shaping  of  your  farther  journey  into 
Italy,  where  he  did  reside  by  my  choice  some  time  for  the  King, 
after  mine  own  recess  from  Venice. 

I  should  think  that  your  best  line  will  be  through  the  whole 
length  of  France  to  Marseilles,  and  thence  by  sea  to  Genoa,  whence 
the  passage  into  Tuscany  is  as  diurnal  as  a  Gravesend  barge. 
I  hasten,  as  you  do  to  Florence,  or  Siena  the  rather,  to  tell  you 
a  short  story  from  the  interest  you  have  given  me  in  your  safety. 

At  Siena  I  was  tabled  in  the  house  of  one  Alberto  Scipioni,  an 
old  Roman  courtier  in  dangerous  times,  having  been  steward  to  the 
Duca  di  Pagliano,  who  with  all  his  family  were  strangled,  save  this 
only  man  that  escaped  by  foresight  of  the  tempest.  With  him  I  had 
often  much  chat  of  those  affairs,  into  which  he  took  pleasure  to 
look  back  from  his  native  harbour,  and  at  my  departure  toward 
Rome  (which  had  been  the  centre  of  his  experience)  I  had  won 
confidence  enough  to  beg  his  advice  how  I  might  cany  myself 
securely  there,  without  offence  of  others  or  of  mine  own  consciem 
i  Signor  Arrigo  mio'  (says  he),  li  pensieri  stretti  e  il  vlso  sciolto  will 
safely  over  the  whole  world.'  Of  which  Delphian  oracle  (for 
I  have  found  it)  your  judgement  doth  need  no  commentary; 

R.'s  poems  printed  at  Oxford '  can  hardly  refer  to  anything  but  Thorn; 
Randolph's  Poems  with  the  Muses  Looking-glass  and  Amyntas,  Oxford,  1638. 
Thomas  Randolph  died  in  1635 ;  there  is  no  record  of  any  other  volume  of 
poems  by  an  author  whose  name  begins  with  R.  having  been  printed  at  Oxford 
in  this  period.  The  difficulties  in  the  way  of  this  explanation  are  two  :  no 
copies  of  Randolph's  Poems  bound  up  with  Comics  have  ever  been  found,  and  the 
book  was  certainly  not  published  in  this  form.  Rouse,  in  sending  the  book  to 
Wotton,  must  himself  have  had  Lawes's  edition  of  Comus  stitched  up  at  the  end. 
The  books  are  of  the  same  size — both  small  quartos.  The  second  difficulty  is 
more  serious.  It  was  on  April  6  that  Milton  sent  Comus  to  Wotton,  who  replies 
that  he  had  seen  it  '  some  good  while  before  '.  But  Randolph's  Poems  bear  the 
date  1638,  which  would  generally  mean  after  March  24.  How  then  could 
Wotton  have  received  the  book  some  good  while  before?  Either  Rouse  had 
procured  some  advance  sheets  to  send  to  Wotton,  or  else  the  printer  of 
Randolph's  Poems  dated  them,  not  according  to  the  legal  year  ^beginning 
March  25),  but  according  to  the  ecclesiastical  reckoning,  by  which  the  year 
began  on  Jan.  1.  Mr.  P.  Madan  kindly  informs  me  that  books  were  occasionally 
so  dated  at  this  time,  and  Randolph's  Poems  may  therefore  have  been  published 
as  early  as  January,  1638,  more  than  three  months  before  the  above  letter, 

1  Michael  Branthwaite. 

2  '  Lord  !S.'    This  must  be  Mr.  James  (not  Lord)  Scudamore  {ante,  ii,  p.  364  u.,. 


TO  JOHN    MILTON  888 

therefore,  Sir,  I  will  commit  you  with  it  to  the  beet  of  all  seem 
God's  dear  love,  remaining, 

Your  friend  as  much  at  command  a*  anv  of  longer  date, 

Henry  Wotton. 
Postscript. — Sir,  I  have  expressly  sent  this  my  footboy  to  prevent 
your  departure  without  some  acknowledgement  from  me  of  the 
receipt  of  your  obliging  letter,  having  myself  through  some  business, 
I  know  not  how,  neglected  the  ordinary  conveyance.  In  any  part 
where  1  shall  understand  you  fixed,  I  shall  }>e  glad  and  diligent  to 
entertain  you  with  home  novelties,  even  for  some  fomentation  of 
our  friendship,  too  soon  interrupted  in  the  cradle.' 

484.    To  Doctor  Castle. 

Ueiiq.j  1st  ed.,  p.  486;  3rd  ed.;  p.  366.     'To  Doctor  C     Undated,  but 
written  in  the  spring  of  1638.     (Sec  note  '2.) 

(April  ?  1638) 
Worthy  Sir, 

I  now  return  unto  you  your  secret  papers  again ;  whereof,  lest 

I  should  violate  the  communications  of  such  a  friend,  I  have  not  so 

much  as  reserved  a  copy  (though  I  might  have  done  it,  by  your 

leave),  but  I  have  perused  them  so  often  as  I  think  I  can  say  them 

without  book.     The  scene 2  seemeth  since  then  much  changed  to  the 

worse ;   yet  I  hope  all  will  resolve  into  nothing,   and  that  when 

things    appear   most   tempestuous,    they   will   be   nearest   a   calm, 

according    to  your  great   aphorism   in    physic,  nox  ante  crisin  cat 

molestissima. 

I  beseech  you,  Sir.  not  to  conceive  by  the  tardity  of  my  answer 

unto  you  any  faintness  in  the  acknowledgement  of  your  favours, 

put  to  prosecute  your  friendly  intelligence  upon  occasion,  even  when 

1  shall  be  on  the  other  side  of  you,a  as  perchance  I  shall  be  shortly 

in  my  genial  soil ;  for  I  will  teach  the  footposts  of  that  place  to  find 

your  lodging.     And  so  leaving  you  in  God's  dear  love,  I  rest. 

Your  professed  poor  friend  and  servant, 

H.  Wotton. 

1  Milton  evidently  set  a  high  value  on  the  above  letter,  printing  it  in  his  first 
volume  of  collected  poems,  and  speaking  of  it  as  follows  in  his  Defensio  Secunda, 
published  in  1654,  'Abeuntem,  vir  clarissimus  Henricus  Woottonus,  qui  ad 
Venetoa  Orator  Iacobi  regis  din  fuerat,  et  votis  et  praeceptis,  eunti  peregre 
sane  utilissimis,  eleganti  epistola  perscriptis,  me  aniicissime  persequutus  est.' 
is  Miltoni  .  .  .  Defensio  Secunda,  1654,  p.  83.)  Humphrey  Moseley,  who 
printed  the  first  edition  of  Milton's  poeuis,  mentions  this  letter,  in  his  'Address  to 
tbe  Reader',  as  '  that  unparallel'd  attestation  of  that  renowned  Provost  of  Eaton. 
Sir  Henry  Wuotten  '. 

-'  The  scene  in  Scotland.  The  '  Covenant '  against  the  Prayer  Book  and  the 
Bishops  was  issued  on  Feb.  27,  and  practically  the  whole  Scotch  nation  united 
in  opposition  to  Charles  I. 

In  Kent,  and  therefore  on  the  other  side  of  London. 


384  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


485.    To  Doctor  Castle. 

Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  487  ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  367.    Undated ;  printed  after  above  letter. 
Wotton  recommends  his  cousin.  John  Gainsford,  to  Dr.  Castle. 

(Eton  College,  April,  1638  V) 
Sir, 

Let  me  pray  you  that  the  subject  of  these  lines  may  be  only  to 
recommend  unto  your  counsel  and  good  affection  the  bearer  of  them, 
Mr.  John  Gainsford ',  the  nearest  kinsman  on  my  mother's  side  that 
I  have  living,  and  yet  my  nearer  friend,  so  as  I  have  more  than 
a  single   interest   in   his   health:    he   is   much   travailed   with   an 

exorbitant  effusion  of ,  which,  though  it  be  a  natural  preventive 

to  some  evils,  yet  surely,  without  either  stop  or  moderation,  must 
needs  exhaust  his  spirits.  He  hath  had  heretofore  some  taste  of 
your  acquaintance  at  large,  and  you  have  left  in  him  illos  aculeoa,1 
which  you  do  in  all  that  (after  the  Scottish  phrase)  get  but  a  gripe 
of  you  ;  for  you  are  indeed  a  wounding  man,  as  my  servant  Nicholas a 
saith,  to  whom  I  showed  your  last  letter.  This  my  dear  cousin  in 
one  thing  especially  is  capable  of  good  hope  from  your  advice,  that 
he  believes  in  it  by  my  discourse  with  him,  who  truly  must  confess 
that  I  have  received  much  benefit  by  yours,  touching  my  splenetical 
infirmity ;  which  differeth  from  his  no  more  than  the  stopping  or 
running  of  the  same  spout.  Besides  this,  he  is  the  fitter  for  you  to 
work  upon  because  he  hath  yet  tried  no  remedy,  not  so  much  as 
the  ordinary  diversion  of  opening  another  vein.  Sir,  I  commend 
him  most  heartily  into  your  hands ;  and  because  you  have  two 
capacities  (as  our  lawyers  speak),  a  political  and  philosophical, 
from  both  which  I  draw  much  good,  give  me  leave  to  entertain 
you  with  a  letter  of  some  few  novelties  from  Oxford,  received  as 
I  was  thinking  to  shut  up  the  present,  which  shall  end  in  ever 
professing  myself, 

Your  very  hearty  poor  friend, 

H.  Wotton. 

1  Probably  John  Gainsford,  third  son  of  Richard  Gainsford,  of  Cosens  Manor, 
Kent.  (Berry's  Kent,  p.  451.)  Wotton's  maternal  grandmother,  Lady  Finch, 
was  Catherine,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Gainsford  {ante,  ii,  p.  124). 

2  Cicero  says  that  Eupolis  wrote  of  Pericles  '  cum  delectatione  aculeos  etiain 
relinqueret  in  animis  eorum,  a  quibus  esset  auditus  '.     {Brut,  ix.) 

3  Nicholas  Oudart  (d.  1681),  brought  to  England  by  Wotton  from  Brabant, 
Latin  Secretary  to  Charles  II  1666-81.     (D.  N.  B.) 


TO 


486.     To 


Beliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  504;  3rd  ed.,  376.    Without  date  or  address— perhaps  to 
Doctor  Castle.  For  conjectured  date  see  note  1.  News  from  Scotland,  &c. 

<May  ?  1638.) 
Sir, 

I  had  sooner  given  you  an  account  of  your  two  last  kind  letters, 

even  for  mine  own  sake,  upon  whom  otherwise  you  should  have  had 

just  cause  to  bestow  no  more  of  your  excellent  intelligence,  but  that 

I  have  had  this  my  servant  (and  I  can  assure  you  as  much  yours) 

every  day  upon  his  wings  towards  you  a  pretty  while. 

To  abbreviate  compliment,  which  never  agreed  with  my  nature, 
in  a  few  plain  words  both  myself  and  all  about  me  are  yours. 

Sir,  I  was  glad  by  your  last  to  see  in  the  Scottish  ruptures 
a  thread  of  hope  yet  left.  It  is  like  an  instrument  wholly  out  of 
tune,  but  yet  not  all  the  strings  broken  or  cut ;  especially  if  it  be 

true,  which  is  here  voiced  with  us,  that  my  Lord  *,  a  popular 

orator,  is  sent  thither  to  smooth  the  way  towards  a  pacifical  treaty 
between  certain  of  the  King's  deputation  and  others  of  the  Covenant. 

This  bearer  will  tell  you  what  we  hear  of  certain  rumourous 
surmises  at  N.2  and  the  neighbouring  towns.    God  (who  is  Himself 
the  true  centre  of  rest)  make  us  all  quiet  and  have  you  in  His  love. 
By  your  affectionate,  professed  poor  friend, 

H.  Wotton. 


487.    To  Sm  C.  C. 

Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  498 ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  372.     No  date  or  address,  but  plainly  to 
'  Sir  C.  C,  to  whom  the  next  letter  is  addressed. 

(May  ?  1638.) 
Sir, 

First,  I  must  thank  you  for  the  fruition  of  your  L.  at  life  here  ", 
though  it  was  too  short.  Next,  for  your  pictures,  whereof  I  return 
one  by  this  first  boat  and  retain  the  other  longer  by  your  courtesy. 

Thirdly,  and  most  of  all,  for  a  promise  which  I  receive  from  you 
by  my  servant,  or  at  least  a  hope,  that  you  will  send  me  some  of 
your  own  rural  poesy  4 :  that  will  be  a  nearer  image  of  your  inward 

1  In  May,  1638,  Charles  I  resolved  to  negotiate  with  the  Covenanters,  and  the 
Marquis  of  Hamilton  was  appointed  Commissioner  to  go  to  Scotland  for  this 
purpose.  (Gardiner,  viii,  p.  339.)  If,  as  is  probable,  Wotton's  reference  is  to 
this  mission,  the  above  letter  was  written  about  May,  1038. 

a  Newcastle  (?). 

8  '  L.  at  life.'  I  am  unable  to  explain  this  phrase,  which  seems  to  refer  to 
a  visit  to  Eton.     Possibly  '  late  life'. 

4  Sir  C.  C.  may  possibly  stand  for  Sir  Clipsby  Crewe,  knighted  1620,  Herrii  k's 
friend.     Herrick  mentions  his  verses.     (Herrirk's  Poems,  1859,  p.  279.) 

WOTTON.    II  q   q 


386  LETTERS   OF    WOTTON 

self,  especially  when  you  were  retired  into  yourself.  I  do  therefore 
expect  it  greedily  by  this,  for  I  well  remember  to  have  seen  some 
lines  that  flowed  from  you  with  much  strength  and  grace.  When 
you  have  any  great  piece  of  news,  I  pray  now  and  than  candidus 
imperti 1  to 

Your  professed  servant, 

H.  Wotton. 


488.    To  Sir  C.  C. 

Beliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  503;  3rd  ed.,  p.  375.  Undated  (for  approximate  date  see 
note  2).  Wotton  thanks  his  correspondent  for  his  poems,  and  sends 
his  lately  composed  hymn  in  return. 

<May,  1638.) 
Sir, 

Let  me  first  thank  you  much  for  that  rural  communication  with 
your  own  thoughts,  the  best  of  all  companions.  I  was  first  taken 
with  the  virginity  (as  I  may  say)  of  the  inscription  in  our  vulgar. 
Next,  with  a  natural  suavity  in  the  elocution ;  which,  though  it  be 
lyrical,  yet  it  shows  you  can  put  on  the  buskin  when  you  list;  and 
when  you  are  tempted  again  to  solicit  your  own  spirits,  I  would  fain 
have  you  venture  upon  some  tragical  subject,  though  you  borrow  it 
out  of  Arabia  ;  for  I  am  glad  our  England  cannot  yield  it.  I  hear, 
for  matter  of  novelty,  that  Sir  Thomas  Roe 2  (a  well  chosen  instru- 
ment) is  to  take  his  leave  on  Sunday  next  at  Court,  being  designed 
to  be  one  of  the  great  synod  of  Protestant  ambassadors  that  are  to 
meet  at  Hamborough  ;  which  to  me  sounds  like  an  antiphone  to  the 
other  malign  conjunction  at  Colen 3.  And  so,  Sir,  committing  you  to 
God's  dear  love,  I  rest, 

At  your  commands, 

H.  W. 


Sir 


I  retain  your  poem  for  a  pawn  that  I  shall  have  the  rest, 
and  I  send  you  a  few  poor  lines 4,  which  my  pains  did  beget : 
I  pray  keep  them  under  your  own  favourable  judgement,  and  impart 
them  tenderly  to  others  ;  for  I  fear  that  even  the  best  of  our 
thoughts  may  be  vainly  clothed. 

1  Horace,  Epist.  i.  6.  68. 

2  Sir  Thomas  Roe  {ante,  ii,  p.  247)  was  sent  by  Charles  I  in  1638  to  meet  the 
plenipotentiaries  of  France  and  Sweden  at  Hamburg,  to  negotiate  for  a  new 
alliance.  In  a  letter  of  May  10, 1638,  Garrard  mentions  his  departure.  (Strafford 
Pp.,  ii,  p.  167.) 

3  The  assembly  of  the  envoys  of  the  Catholic  powers  at  Cologne. 

4  Wotton's  Hymn  to  my  God  in  a  Night  of  my  late  Sickness  (see  ante,  ii,  p.  376). 


TO   DOCTOR    CASTLE  387 

489.  To  Doctor  Castle. 

gfeftg.,  1st  ed.,  p.  491 ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  370.  'To  Dr.  C  Undated,  but  written 
about  June,  1638  (see  note).  Wotton  regrets  that  he  cannot  procure 
a  scholarship  for  the  son  of  a  friend  of  Dr.  Castle's. 

(Eton  College,  June,  1638.) 
Worthy  Sir, 

I  have  received  your  last  of  the  24th  of  May,  through  the  hands 
of  Mr.  Jones  of  Windsor,  immediately  upon  my  return  to  mine 
ordinary  cell  ;  whence  I  made  a  short  retirement  during  the  late 
solemnities1,  with  intention,  in  truth,  to  have  visited  the  city  of 
Bat  h,  and  to  see  whether  among  all  kind  of  affected  persons  confluent 
thither  I  could  pick  out  any  counsel  to  allay  that  sputative  symptom, 
which  yet  remaineth  upon  me  from  my  obstructions  of  the  spleen. 
But  that  journey  is  laid  asleep. 

Now,  Sir,  in  answer  to  your  said  letter,  it  grieves  me  to  tell  you 
a  truth,  which  this  my  servant  well  knoweth,  that  I  am  for  the 
future  election  of  this  year  so  engaged  already  to  four  Privy  Council- 
lors (and  three  of  them  of  the  highest),  and  moreover  to  a  friend  of 
great  interest,  in  all  the  breath  that  I  have  to  bestow,  that,  in  good 
faith,  I  know  not  how  to  struggle  for  a  voice  for  a  child  of  rare  and 
almost  prodigious  hopes,  who  is  one  of  my  poor  scholars,  and  much 
less  for  any  other  propounded  so  late  as  your  friend's  son.  For  it  is 
now  more  than  a  month  since  the  day  of  our  election  was  proclaimed 
on  our  College  and  Church  gates  ;  the  world  is  nimble  in  the 
anticipating  of  voices,  and  for  my  particular,  according  to  my 
•improvidence  in  all  things  else,  I  am  in  this  likewise  no  reserver  of 
my  good  will  till  the  last.  I  must  therefore  heartily  beseech  you,  as 
I  have  delivered  myself  at  your  disposal,  so  to  dispose  of  me  when 
I  am  myself,  which  I  am  not  now.     And  so  I  rest, 

Unquiet  till  I  shall  some  way  serve  you, 

Henry  Wotton. 

490.  To  Doctor  Castle. 

R'liq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  501 ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  374.     Written  just  before  Wotton's  visit  to 

Canterbury  in  August,  1638  (see  No.  492).     News  from  Scotland ;  the 

proposed  marriage  of  one  of  Wotton's  nieces. 

(August?  1638.) 

Worthy  Sir, 

I  find  in  the  bowels  of  your  last  (which  I  received  yesternight, 

diall  I  say  by  your  or  by  my  Nicholas)  much  harsh  and  stiff  matter 

?rom  Scotland,  and  I  believe  insusceptible  of  any  farther  concoction, 

1  The  creation  of  Prince  Charles  as  Prince  of  Wales,  at  Windsor,  the  end  of 
May,  1638. 

cc  2 


388  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

unless  it  be  with  much  time,  quod  concoquit  omnia.  But  let  me  lay 
all  public  thoughts  aside  for  the  present,  having  now  with  you 
a  bosom  business,  which  may  perhaps  fall  out  to  concern  us  more 
here.     Our  Nicholas  (for  I  account  him  at  least  halved  between  us) 

tells  me  that  you  have  good  means  to  know  when will  be  in 

town.  About  whom  you  may  perhaps  have  heard  of  certain  (as 
I  think  for  my  part)  well  conceived  wishes  (though  but  yet  in  the 

air)  touching  a  virtuous  conjunction  between  him  and ,  so  dear 

unto  me,  both  in  my  affection  and  judgement,  and  in  all  respects, 
that  if  our  nearness  in  blood  did  not  make  me  more  tender  to  violate 
mine  own  modesty  than  I  need  to  be  with  such  a  friend  as  you  are, 
I  would  boldly  say  that  there  are  few  better  matches  in  this 
kingdom  for  the  endowments  of  her  person  and  fortune,  nor  in  the 
whole  world  for  the  sweetness  and  goodness  of  her  mind.  And  on 
the  other  side,  albeit  I  have  no  acquaintance  with  the  gentleman, 
yet  I  hear  likewise  so  much  good  of  him  as  makes  me  wish  I  had 
more  interest  in  his  familiarity.  I  write  this  from  whence  I  wrote 
my  last  unto  you,  being  on  my  wings  towards  Canterbuiy,  whence 
I  shall  (crw  ®ea)  dtrftv)  return  hither  again  within  six  or  seven  days. 
And  this  bearer,  my  domestic  friend  (a  German  gentleman  of  value), 
will  from  London  meet  me  at  Canterbury,  by  whom  I  shall  be  glad 

to  hear  from  you  about  what  time  the  foresaid is  expected  of 

return  to  the  city,  and  anything  else  that  you  shall  think  fit  to  be 
told  me.  But  I  pray  let  this  privacy  which  I  have  passed  with  you 
sleep  between  us, 

As  I  rest  in  your  love, 

H.  Wotton. 


491.    To  Sir  Balthazar  Gerbier(?)1. 


Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  438  ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  346.  Without  date  or  address,  but  written 
shortly  after  the  August  election  of  1638,  and  probably  addressed  to 
Sir  Balthazar  Gerbier,  the  English  resident  at  the  Court  of  the  Cardinal 
Infant.     Wotton  writes  of  the  Eton  election,  and  of  the  bearer,  Nicholas 

Oudart. 

(Eton  College,  August,  1638.) 
Much  Honoured  Sir, 

Since  I  had  the  favour  and  the  delight  of  any  letters  from  you 
you  have  had  the  trouble  of  two  or  three  from  me,  besides  the 
present,  which  I  hope  will  find  you,  according  to  my  continual 
wishes,  in  perfect  health,  though  you  live  in  a  theatre  of  tragical 
actions  this  year.  I  am  here  newly  delivered  of  one  of  the  most 
fastidious  pieces  of  my  life,  as  I  account  for  my  part  the  week  of 

1  Sir  Balthazar  Gerbier  (1591  ?-1667)  was  a  native  of  Middelburg ;   for  his 
career  in  England  as  painter,  architect,  diplomatist  and  traitor  see  D.  N.  B. 


TO   SIR   BALTHAZAR  GERBIER(?)  389 

our  annual  election  of  scholars,  both  into  this  seminary  and  out 
of  it  for  King's  College  in  Cambridge  ;  whereunto  hath  been  a 
marvellous  concourse,  and  much  distraction  in  our  votes  through 
letters  from  Court.  Pardon  me,  Sir,  a  question  by  the  way.  Have 
you  no  child  of  your  own,  or  at  least  of  some  of  your  friends,  whom 
you  could  wish  trained  in  this  course?  I  would  fain  beg  some 
employment  from  you,  which  makes  me  offer  you  this,  or  any  other 
of  those  poor  services  which  lie  within  my  circumference,  as  this 
bearer  hath  particular  charge  from  me.  This  is  that  Nicholas 
Oudart,  for  whom  you  did  a  great  favour  in  procuring  the  Cardinal 
Infante's1  letters  to  Mechelen  in  his  behalf:  which  took  so  good 
effect  as  he  is  now  personally  flown  over  to  consummate  that 
business2,  having  information  from  his  correspondents  there  that  it 
is  ripened  for  him.  He  hath  served  me  from  a  little  page,  and  of 
late  years  hath  managed  the  chief  part  of  my  domestic  affairs ;  so  as 
if  it  were  not  for  his  own  urgent  occasion  I  could  hardly  miss  him 
that  short  time  within  which  I  expect  his  return.  You  will  find 
him,  I  hope,  worthy  of  your  love— I  am  sure  of  your  trust.  His 
profession  is  physic,  towards  which  he  is  very  well  grounded  in  the 
learned  languages :  but  his  scope  now  is  business,  not  knowledge. 
If  there  shall  by  chance  remain  anything  to  be  added  unto  your 
former  honourable  courtesy,  for  the  expedition  of  his  cause  and 
return,  you  have  given  us  both  good  cause  to  be  confident  both  in 
your  power  and  friendship.  And  so,  Sir,  leaving  him  in  your  loving 
arms,  I  rest  for  ever, 

Your  obliged  and  faithful  friend  to  serve  you, 

H.  Wotton. 

/    « 

492.    To  John  Dynely. 
Wk&iq.,  3rd  e<l,  p.  575.     Dynely  often  came  to  England  on  errands  from  the 
Queen  of  Bohemia,  and  was  evidently  going  to  Court.     Wotton  asks 
for  news  of  his  reception,  and  writes  of  his  own  visit  to  Canterbury. 

From  the  Palace  3  by  Canterbury,  this 
St.   Bartholomew's  day  (Aug.  24), 
1638. 
Sir, 

Next  your  own  and  your  dear  consort's  health  I  languish  to 
hear  of  your  first  reception  at  Court.     For  though  I  suppose  it  was 

1  The  Cardinal  Infant  Ferdinand,  brother  of  Philip  IV  of  Spain,  succeeded 
Archduchess  Isabella  as  Governor  of  the  Spanish  Netherlands  in  1633. 

1  Nicholas  Oudart  wrote  to  Wotton  from  Brussels  on  Aug.  22  (Sept.  1,  N.  S.)> 
and  was  to  go  to  Mechlin  that  afternoon  (see  below,  p.  391).  On  Sept.  Jfi 
Wotton  wrote  to  Dynely  in  considerable  anxiety  about  him,  as  he  had  heard  no 
further  news  of  him  (ibid.).     By  November  he  was  back  at  Eton  (p.  392\ 

3  St.  Augustine's  Palace,  Canterbury,  residence  of  Edward  first  Lord  Wott<-n, 
and  at  this  time  still  in  the  possession  of  his  widow. 


390  LETTERS  OF  WOTTON 

short,  yet  we  philosophers  say  that  pr'mclpia  plus  vcdent  virtute  qitam 
mole.  Next  that,  I  pray  let  me  know  your  opinion  of  the  prodigious 
escape  of  the  Queen  mother  of  France  *  out  of  the  Spanish  clutches 
to  the  Hague,  and  whether  she  be  traiectura,  as  our  right  worthy 
friend  Dr.  Dorislaus2  writeth  me.  I  am  come  hither  in  a  very 
benign  constellation  and  silent  conspiracy  of  my  chiefest  friends 
that  have  met  here  at  the  same  time,  Sir  Edmund  Bacon,  Sir 
Francis  Barnham 3,  and  Sir  Thomas  Culpepper 4 :  all  men  of 
singular  conversation,  and  some  of  them,  though  of  the  same 
county,  yet  that  had  not  been  here  in  seven  years  before.  Of 
which,  my  nephew,  Sir  Edmund,  and  myself  are  to  pass  this  next 
week  under  the  roof  of  my  Lord  Chief  Justice  Finch 5,  at  his  house 
of  Mote  close  by,  through  his  noble  and  unresistible  importunity. 
God  keep  us  in  His  love,  wherein  is  all  joy  and  abundance, 

Your  ever  most  affectionate, 

Henry  Wotton. 

493.     To  John  Dynely. 

Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  574.     '  To  Mr.  John  Dinely  at  Westminster.' 
Dynely 's  reception  at  Court,  &c. 

From  the  Palace  by  Canterbury, 
August  last,  1638. 
Sir, 

I  understand  by  your  last  kind  lines  that  you  were  to  be  at 
Court  as  to-morrow ;  so  as  I  hope  by  our  next  foot-post  to  hear  the 
crisis  of  that  day  :  and  am  sorry  to  hear  in  the  meantime  that  your 
dreams  were  impropitious 6.  We  had  here  taken  a  voice  and  strong 
belief,  coining  from  a  recusant  (who  know  manj'  things,  and  quickly), 
that  the  Infanta  Queen  of  France  was  brought  to  bed  of  a  dolphin 7, 
and  not  of  a  distaff.  But  your  letter  saying  nothing  either  of  the 
one  or  of  the  other  I  have  suspended  my  faith. 

1  Marie  de1  Medici.  Having  failed  in  a  plot  to  overthrow  Richelieu  she  was 
imprisoned,  but  escaped  to  the  Netherlands  in  1631.  On  Aug.  4,  1G38,  she 
crossed  the  Dutch  frontier,  and  soon  set  sail  for  England,  where  she  arrived 
on  Oct.  19.     (Gardiner,  vii,  p.  184  ;  viii,  pp.  379,  380.) 

2  Isaac  Dorislaus,  ante,  ii,  p.  315. 

3  Sir  Francis  Barnham  (died  1646  ?)  of  Boughton  Monchelsea.     (D.  N.  B.) 

*  Sir  Thomas  Culpepper,  of  Leeds  Castle  and  Greenway  Court,  Kent.  (Wood's 
Alhenae,  Bliss,  iii,  p.  533.) 

5  Wotton's  cousin,  Baron  Finch  of  Fordwich  (ante,  ii,  p.  317).  His  residence. 
1  the  Mote,'  came  afterwards  into  the  possession  of  the  Cowper  family,  and  was 
destroyed  in  the  eighteenth  century. 

6  Dynely's  dreams  were  naturally  enough  unpropitious,  as  he  was  still  in 
disgrace  on  account  of  the  Nethersole  affair  (see  Appendix  III),  and  apparently 
never  recovered  the  favour  of  Charles  I. 

7  A  premature  report,  as  the  Dauphin  (Louis  XIV)  was  not  born  until 
Sept.  16,  1638  N.  S. 


TO  JOHN   DYNELY  391 

London  is  the  ocean  of  novelties  ;  here  we  speak  of  nothing  but 
t  certain  new  aguish  disease,  which  invadeth  many  families,  but  with 
little  mortality. 

The  plague  at  Dover  is,  by  God's  blessing,  ceased,  and  their  tents 
taken  down.  At  Boughton  the  small-pox,  fallen  first  upon  a 
chaplain,  and  after  upon  one  of  the  fair  faces,  but  a  Deering1,  will 
leep  me,  I  doubt,  from  that  place  :  not  that  I  apprehend  any 
contagions  whatsoever  (as  I  think  you  know),  but  the  winter  coming 
on.  and  the  place  bleak2,  a  small  excuse  will  serve  my  turn.  God 
send  you  all  comfort  in  your  first  and  second  self:  to  whose  goodness 
I  leave  you,  resting, 

Your  most  affectionate, 

Alia  sviscerata, 
Henry  Wotton. 

494.    To  John  Dynely. 

Beliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  576.    No  address,  but  among  the  letters  to  Dynely. 
Wotton's  anxiety  about  Nicholas  Oudart. 

From  the  College,  Sept.  26,  1638. 
Sir, 

I  send  you  enclosed  the   preparation  of  guaiacum,  as  I  have 

found  incomparable  benefit  thereby.     I  expect  in  exchange  the  letter 

touching  the  Duchess  de  Chevreuse 3.     I  am  in  great  perplexity  by 

hearing  no  news  of  Nicholas  Oudard  since  the  first  of  September 

stylo  novo  from  Bruxels,    being  that  afternoon  to  go  to  Mechelen 

with  a  letter  of  authority  for  his  present  dispatch  ;  so  as  he  wrote, 

he  would  either  send  me  word,  if  any  impediment  should  intervene, 

or  bring  the  first  news  himself.     Besides,  Monsieur  Gerbier  thought 

his  business  in  so  fair  a  way  as  he  left  a  maid  there  to  come  over  in 

the  company  of  himself  and  his  mother.     When  I  lay  these  things 

together,  I  can  make  no  good  interpretation  of  it:  yet  I  will  not 

anticipate  and  prejudge  mine  own  mishaps,  as  I  should  account  the 

loss  of  him,  whom  I  have  trained  from  a  child.     God  grant  all  be 

well.       If    you   could   meet   with    Monsieur    Gerbier   and   inquire 

whether  he  hath  heard  anything,  it  would  much  ease  my  heart  one 

pay  or  other.     And  so  leaving  you  in  the  Lord's  protection,  I  rest, 

Your  true  friend, 

in  omni  fortuna, 

Henry  Wotton. 

1  Wotton's  sister  Elizabeth  married  John  Deering,  of  Egerton,  Kent. 

2  '  Bleat '  in  Reliquiae. 

3  The  famous  Duchesse  de  Chevreuse  had  been  exiled  from  Paris  for  intriguing 
against  Richelieu.  In  April,  1638,  she  came  to  England  'to  plot  against  the 
Cardinal  from  the  secure  distance  of  the  English  Court'.   (Gardiner,  viii,  p.  378.) 


392  LETTERS  OF  WOTTON 


495.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Add.  MS.  34727,  f.  65,  holograph.     Letters  to  B.,  p.  106  ;  Reliq.,  3rd  ed., 
p.  469.     Bacon's  illness,  &c. 

From  the  College,  Nov.  6,  1638. 

Noble  Sib,  above  all  the  most  Honoured  and  Loved, 

Upon  the  receipt  of  a  letter  from  you  (which  came  late,  and 
I  know  not  by  what  misadventure,  half  drowned,  to  my  hands)  with 
advertisement  that  you  had  been  at  Sudburie,  in  your  passage  home- 
wards, assailed  with  a  quartan,  I  resolved  immediately  to  visit  you 
by  this  bearer,  the  best  of  my  flights,1  and  lately  well  acquainted 
himself  with  farther  travels,  who  yet  hath  been  kept  here  after 
my  said  resolution,  that  he  might  bring  you  a  full  account  of  the 
business  touching  my  inviolate  niece 2,  so  dear  unto  us  both,  which 
was  a  part  of  your  foresaid  letter,  and  wherein  I  am  confident  you 
will  receive  very  singular  contentment  out  of  the  very  originals  of 
some  and  true  copies  of  other  letters,  which  I  send  you  by  this  my 
said  inward  servant ;  and  if  he  were  not  so,  I  would  not  have 
entrusted  him  with  so  tender  papers.  The  rest  of  his  stay  was  only 
that  I  might  collect  among  my  poor  memorials  and  experiments 
something  conducible  to  the  recovery  of  your  health,  wherein 
I  reckon  myself  as  much  interested  as  in  any  one  thing  of  this 
world.  I  will  not  say  unto  you,  '  courage,'  as  the  French  use  to  speak  : 
for  you  have  enough  of  that  within  yourself,  nor,  'be  merry!'  in  our 
English  phrase,  for  you  can  impart  enough  of  that  even  to  others  in 
the  incomparable  delight  of  your  conversation.  But  let  me  give 
you  two  comforts,  though  needless  to  the  serenity  of  your  spirits. 
The  first,  that  I  hope  your  infirmity  will  not  hold  you  long,  because 
it  comes  (as  I  may  speak,  according  to  the  barbarous  translators  of 
Avicenna)  in  complexionatu  suo:  that  is  in  the  very  season  of  the 
revolution  of  melancholic  humours,  for  omnis  morbus  contra  com- 
plexionatum  patlentis  vel  temporis  est  periculosus  aid  longus.  The 
other,  that  it  hath  not  succeeded  any  precedent  caustic  disease, 
because  those  quartans  are  of  all  the  most  obstinate  which  arise  out 
of  the  incineration  of  a  former  ague.  The  rest  I  have  committed  to 
the  instructions  and  memory  of  this  bearer,  being  himself  a  student 
in  physic  ;  and  though  I  dare  not  yet  call  him  a  good  counsellor, 
yet  I  assure  you  he  is  a  good  relator.  With  this  dispatch  I  will 
intermingle  no  other  vulgar  subject,  but  hereafter  I  will  entertain 

1  Nicholas  Oudart  {ante,  ii,  p.  389),  who  had  now  returned  from  Flanders. 
Wotton  uses  the  word  '  flight '  in  the  old  sense  of  one  able  to  go  or  run  swiftly. 
(N.  E.  D.) 

2  Apparently  Hester  Wotton  (ante,  ii,  p. 


TO   SIR  EDMUND  BACON  393 

you  with  as  jolly  things  as  I  can  scamble '  together.  And  so,  Sir,  for 
the  present  commending  you  into  the  sweet  and  comfortable 
preservation  of  our  dear  God,  I  rest, 

Your  faithful  poor  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

496.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

lers  to  B.,  p.  118  ;  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  471.     Francis  Bacon's  Confession 
of  Faith  ;  news  from  Cambridge  ;  Scottish  affairs,  &c. 

From  your  College,  Dec.  5,  1638. 

My  Noble,  Honoured,  Loved,  ever  Remembered,  ever  Desired 
Nephew, 
I  shall  give  to-morrow  morning  Matthew  Say2,  our  boatman, 
before  his  going,  a  shilling,  and  promise  him  another  at  his  return, 
to  deliver  this  small  packet  with  his  own  hands  at  the  Green  Dragon 
in  Bishopsgate  Street,  according  to  the  form  of  your  address  ;  not  for 
any  value  of  mine  own  papers,  but  for  some  things  therein  contained, 
which  I  wish  may  come  safely  and  quickly  to  you.  And  first,  I  send 
you  your  immortal  uncle's  Confession  of  his  Faith*,  which  I  did 
promise  you  at  Canterbury,  solidly  and  excellently  couched,  as 
whatsoever  else  had  the  happiness  to  fall  under  his  meditation  and 
pen.  Next,  you  receive  a  letter  freshly  written  me  from  Cambridge, 
with  mention  (God  bless  us)  of  a  Jesuit 4  of  your  name,  who  seems 
(as  all  that  comes  from  any  of  you  is  piercing)  to  have  sent  over 
lately  some  pretty  insinuative  book  in  matter  of  theological  contro- 
versy, perchance  better  dressed  than  any  before,  and  with  more 
relish  commended  to  the  vulgar  taste  ;  but  I  believe  it  will  be  the 
same  to  the  stomach.  For  well  they  may  change  their  form,  but  it  is 
long  since  we  have  heard  their  substance  over  and  over,  still  the 
same  ad  fastidium  usque.  I  shall  languish  to  know  how  he  toucheth 
upon  your  name  and  stirp.  The  name  of  my  friend  who  writ  me 
the  said  letter  I  have  defaced,  for  the  censure  of  some  other  things 
therein,  which  I  should  be  sorry  to  adventure  at  large  ;  but  you  shall 
know  him  from  me  hereafter,  and  believe  it,  he  will  be  worth  your 
knowing. 

1   'Scamble,1  old  form  of  '  scramble  '. 

3  The  name  of  Matthew  Say,  waterman,  appears  in  the  Eton  Audit  Books  for 

6, 18s.  being  allowed  him  for  'a  coate  of  blew  azure',  and  12s.  for  a  plate 

of  silver  for  his  cognizance  with  the  College  arms.    (Maxicell-Lyte,  p.  232  n.)    '  The 

College  waterman,'  adds  Sir  Henry  Maxwell-Lyte,   'wears  a  costume  scarcely 

alt  red  since  the  time  when  Sir  Henry  Wotton  used  to  fish  in  the  Thames.' 

3  Francis  Bacon's  Confession  of  Faith,  written  before  1603,  and  first  published  in 
the  Remains  in  1648. 

4  Thomas  Bacon,  alias  Southwell  (1592-1637),  Jesuit  controversialist.     The 
book  was  probably  his  Regula  Viva,  published  at  Antwerp  in  1638.     (D.  N.  B.) 


394  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

I  cannot  forbear  to  tell  you  a  thing  (I  know  not  whether  I  should 
call  it  news,  because  it  is  nearer  you  than  to  us),  but  strange  in  truth, 
written  me  from  the  said  university  at  the  same  time  by  the  Provost 
of  King's  College  there,  between  whom  and  me  doth  pass  much 
familiar  correspondency.  It  is  of  a  weekly  lecture  there  performed 
heretofore  by  the  person  of  Mr.  Christopher  Goad  *,  and  lately  deposed 
with  severe  commandment  (as  it  should  seem)  from  above ;  whereupon 
the  women  especially,  by  way  of  revenge  for  that  restraint,  do  flock 
to  St.  Mary's  in  such  troops,  and  so  early,  that  the  Masters  of  Art 
have  no  room  to  sit,  so  as  the  Vice-Chancellor  and  Heads  of  Houses 
were  in  deliberation  to  repress  their  shoaling  thither.  Methinks  it 
is  a  good  thing  when  zeal  in  a  land  grows  so  thick  and  so  warm. 
But  soft,  if  I  launch  any  farther  I  may  perchance  run  (which  yet 
were  a  great  mistake)  into  the  name  of  a  Puritan.  For  that  very 
lecturer  which  is  now  deposed  did  live  heretofore  with  me  at  my 
table  upon  especial  choice,  being  in  truth  a  man  of  sweet  conversation, 
and  of  sober  solidity. 

Now,  for  other  things,  Nicolas  Oudard  brought  me,  the  Friday 
after  his  departure  from  you,  the  glad  tidings  of  your  ague's  dis- 
charge, as  you  then  conceived  it  would  be  at  the  twentieth  access, 
according  (as  you  seem  to  have  told  him)  to  a  common  observation 
with  you  there  ;  so  as  in  Suffolk,  I  see  you  count  quartan  fits,  as 
you  do  your  sheep,  by  the  score.  I  could  heartily  wish  you  would 
take  for  some  time  after  it,  alternis  diebus,  my  preparation  of  the 
Lignum  sanctum,  with  addition  likewise  of  the  roots  of  China,  Enula 
Campana,  and  a  sprig  of  tamarisque,  all  in  the  decoction  of  barley 
water,  and  quickened  with  a  little  sprinkling  of  a  lemon  :  a  rare 
receipt  to  corroborate  2  the  viscera,  and  to  keep  the  stomach  in  to  no. 
My  said  Nicolas  tells  me  likewise  that  you  began  to  chirp  upon 
being  in  London  the  next  term.  I  should  be  glad,  with  your  favour, 
to  know  that  point  precisely:  for  having  a  purpose  (by  God's  dear 
blessing)  to  visit  you  at  Redgrave  (which  will  be  the  best  cordial 
I  took  in  long  time),  I  would  shape  my  course  circularly,  either  from 
Suffolk  to  Kent,  or  from  Kent  to  Suffolk,  as  I  shall  hear  of  your 
motions  towards  the  beginning  of  next  Lent.  For  novelties  of 
Court  and  State,  all  men's  minds  at  the  present  with  us  seem 
magnetical,  looking  towards  the  north.3  Order  is  come  down  this 
day  to  the  justices  of  this  shire  about  a  general  muster  at  Alisbury 


1  Christopher  Goad  (fifth  son  of  the  Provost  of  King's  College,  Koger  Goad), 
elected  from  Eton  1607.     (Harwood,  p.  212.) 

2  ' Corroborate,'  i.e.  to  invigorate,  refresh.     Obs.    (N.E.D.) 

3  Scotland.     The  National  Assembly  met  at  Glasgow  on  Nov.  21.   •(Gardiner, 
viii,  p.  368.) 


TO  SIR  EDMUND  BACON 

tin-  next  week,  and  for  especial  watch  at  the  beacons;  so  as  any 
burning  of  a  bush  by  chance  near  one  of  them  would  set  the  whole 
province  in  an  alarm.  But  notwithstanding  these  good  providences 
we  hope  well  of  the  issue,  and  the  rather  for  that  a  pretty  strong 
conceit  runneth  that  the  Deanery  of  Durham  is  reserved  for 
Doctor  Belkanquel  \  as  a  reward  of  his  travels  to  and  fro  in  this 
great  business.  While  we  are  uniting  our  ceremonious  breaches, 
the  Kings  of  France  and  Spain  abroad  treat  hard  this  winter  about 
a  peace  *,  as  one  writeth  (and  I  believe  very  truly),  without  considera- 
tion of  any  other  Prince  or  State  but  themselves.  If  this  be  so,  and 
take  effect  in  that  manner,  then  is  Charles  de  Lorain  exutus  Lepidus 3, 
stripped  to  his  shirt,  the  Count  Palatine  left  at  large,  and  the  Swede 
must  stand  upon  his  own  feet.  But  brevibus  momcntis  summa  vcr- 
tiOitur4:  all  depends  upon  the  taking  or  not  taking  of  Brisach5,  the 
Helena  of  Germany,  and  though  a  town  indeed  of  great  strength 
and  advantage,  yet  a  poor  price  for  so  much  blood  as  hath  been  lost 
about  it.  While  I  am  talking  of  war,  let  me  tell  you  what  I  hear, 
that  your  Sir  Jacob  Ashley 6  is  grown  a  great  man  at  Court  in  private 
introducements  to  the  King,  together  with  the  Earl  Marshal7:  our 
good  Sovereign  will  feel  a  sufficient  man  quickly.  The  States  lie 
still  and  close -oppressed  with  the  adversities  of  the  last  year  ;  and 
with  nothing  more  than  the  late  ruin  of  forty  well-laden  ships  by 
the  Texel,  wherein,  with  deploration  of  the  whole  province,  were  lost 
1,000  mariners.8 

Touching  the  subject  whereof  I  sent  you  an  account  by  Nicolas, 
I  have  heard  nothing  since  to  increase  my  hope,  and  much  less  my 
faith.  You  shall  have  more  the  next  week.  Till  when  and  ever  our 
sweet  Jesus  have  you  in  His  love. 

Your  servant,  alia  sviscerata, 

Henry  Wotton. 

Sir, 

Since  I  concluded  this,   Mr.  Hales  (our  Bibliotlicca  amhulans, 

1  Walter  Balcanquhall  (1586  ?-1645),  Dean  of  Durham,  1639. 

2  These  negotiations  came  to  nothing. 

3  ■  Exutus  Lepidus,'  a  reference  to  Tacitus,  Ann.  i.  2  'Pompeius  apud  Siciliam 
oppressus  exutoque  Lepido,  interfecto  Antonio  .  .  .' 

*  '  Disserebatque  brevibus  momentis  summa  verti.'     (Tac.  Ann.  v.  4.) 

5  Breisach,  surrendered  to  Bernhard  of  "Weimar  on  Dec.  17, 1638,  after  a  siege 
of  about  seven  months.     (Gardiner,  30  Yrs.,  p.  191.) 

6  Wotton  must  mean  Sir  Jacob  Astley  (1579-1652),  a  veteran  who  had  served 
in  the  Netherlands,  and  was  sent  to  the  North  by  diaries  I  to  muster  the  trained 
bands.  He  was  afterwards  a  Royalist  commander  in  the  Civil  War,  and  was 
created  Baron  Astley  in  1644.     (D.  K.  B.) 

7  Thomas  Howard,  second  Earl  of  Arundel  and  Surrey  (ante,  ii,  p.  240),  appointed 
general  of  the  army  against  the  Scots  in  1639.     (Gardiner,  viii,  p.  385.) 

8  Edward  Nicholas  to  Sir  John  Pennington,  Nov.  14,  1638.  '  We  hear  of  the 
loss  of  near  thirty  sail  of  Hollanders,  and  other  vessels  in  the  Tassell  during  the 
last  great  storm.'    (CaL  S.P.  Dom.,  1638-9,  p.  103.) 


396  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

as  I  use  to  call  him)  came  to  me  by  chance,  and  told  me  that  the 
book  of  controversies  issued  under  the  name  of  Baconus  hath  this 
addition  to  the  said  name,  alias  Southwel,  as  those  of  that  society- 
shift  their  names  as  often  as  their  shirts ;  and  he  says  it  is  a  very 
poor  thing,  only  graced  with  a  little  method. 

497.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  128,  among  some  undated  letters ;  reprinted  in  the 
Reliquiae,  3rd  ed.,  p.  475,  immediately  after  above  letter,  to  which  it 
may  be  a  postscript.     Experiments  in  natural  philosophy. 

(Eton  College,  Dec.  5,  1638  ?> 

Sir, 

After  the  rest  of  your  trouble,  at  the  present  there  remaineth 
a  proposition  to  be  consulted  with  you,  about  which  I  should  esteem 
the  charge  of  an  express  messenger  not  ill  expended,  though  you 
were  at  Jerusalem.  And  both  Mr.  Harison  and  myself  think  no 
man  living  more  proper  to  solve  it  than  our  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 
The  question  is  this,  whether  there  may  not  be  found  some  natural 
philosophical  way  to  determine  the  measure  of  a  minute,  or  quarter, 
or  half,  or  entire  hour,  or  any  portion  of  time  more  precisely  and 
uniformly  and  infallibly,  than  hath  been  yet  invented  by  any 
mechanical  and  artificial  motion  ?  And  particularly,  whether  it 
may  not  be  done  by  the  descent  of  drops  through  a  filter,  either  in 
manica  Hijppocratis,  or  in  a  tongue  of  cloth  equally  thick,  with  con- 
sideration likewise  of  all  circumstances  in  that  liquid  substance 
which  must  sink  through  it?  If  this  may  be  done,  there  will  be 
a  mighty  point  obtained  in  the  rectifying  of  the  longitudes  of  the 
earth,  which  depend  upon  the  moment  *  of  the  lunar  eclipses,  and 
more 2,  upon  the  exact  determination  of  the  beginning  and  ending  of 
an  hour  ;  for  which  purpose  the  great  Tycho  Brach  composed  divers 
horologies  and  hour-glasses,  some  running  with  simple  water,  some 
with  distilled  spirits,  some  with  pulverized  metals,  and  some  with 
crude  mercury,  but  never  to  any  infallible  satisfaction  of  the  point 
propounded ;  which  likewise  would  be  of  singular  use  in  divers 
astronomical  observations,  if  it  could  be  once  justly  regulated.  This 
we  commend  to  your  curious  judgement.  My  servant  Nicholas  and 
I  hope  to  send  you  some  good  flints  to  be  agatized  by  your  miraculous 
invention. 

I  pray,  Sir,  if  you  have  any  of  those  Island  stones3  which  you 

1  '  Thoment '  in  Letters  to  B.  and  Beliq.  2  '  Mose  '  in  Letters  to  B.  and  Beliq. 

3  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  in  his  account  of  Iceland  in  the  year  1662,  says,  '  They 
have  some  large,  well-grained  white  pebbles,  and  some  kind  of  white  cornelian 
or  agath  pebbles,  on  the  shore,  which  polish  well.     Old  Sir  Edmund  Bacon,  of 


TO   SIR   EDMUND   BACON  397 

mentioned  unto  me  at  Canterbury,  bestow  a  few  upon  me.  But 
above  all,  forget  not  to  let  me  know  where  you  will  be  about  the 
beginning  of  Lent. 

Iterum  et  iterum  vale. 

498.    To  Charles  I. 

Iitliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  429  ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  340.  Wotton  asks  to  be  appointed  Master 
of  the  Savoy,  in  case  Dr.  Balcanquhall  is  made  Dean  of  Durham.  This 
letter  is  dated  1637  in  the  3rd  edition  of  the  Reliquiae,  which  must  be  a 
mistake,  as  the  Dean  of  Durham,  Richard  Hunt,  did  not  die  till  Nov.  1, 
1638.  It  was  probably  written  about  the  date  of  the  above  letter  to 
Bacon. 

(Eton  College,  December,  1638  ?> 

May  it  please  my  most  gracious  Sovereign, 

.  If  I  were  not  more  afraid  to  break  the  laws  of  that  humble 
modesty,  which  becometh  the  meanness  of  my  desert,  than  I  am  to 
exceed  the  bounds  of  your  Majesty's  royal  goodness,  I  should  be 
a  poor  suppliant  unto  your  Majesty  to  confer  upon  me  the  Mastership 
of  the  Savoy,  in  case  Dr.  Belcanquel  (my  good  friend)  shall  (as  the  voice 
goeth)  be  removed  to  the  Deanery  of  Durham  ;  wherein  the  remove 
and  the  substitution  are  but  one  stroke  of  your  benignity. 

God  knows,  and  the  value  of  the  thing  itself  may  speak  as  much, 
that  I  do  not  aim  therein  at  any  utility  ;  only  it  may  be  some  ease 
of  expense,  and  commodity  of  lodging,  when  I  shall  come  (as  I  am 
afraid  shortly)  to  oversee  certain  poor  things  of  mine  own  at  press, 
wherewith  yet  I  hope  your  Majesty,  whose  honour  only  I  study,  will 
not  be  displeased.  I  have  further  considered  with  myself  that  the 
said  place  is  not  incompatible  with  that  which  I  now  hold  by  your 
Majesty's  intercession  with  your  ever  blessed  father,  as  it  may  please 
you  to  remember,  though  you  forget  nothing  so  easily  as  your  own 
bounties  ;  which  place  here  never  before  subsisting  in  the  memory  of 
man  without  some  addition  \  I  have  now  near  fourteen  years  sus- 
tained in  that  integrity  as  I  found  it,  and  with  as  good  scholars  sent 
annually  to  your  royal  College  at  Cambridge,  of  my  particular  choice, 
as  have  gone  thither  since  the  foundation ;  whereof  I  could  show 
your  Majesty  a  published  testimony  out  of  that  university,  in  Dr. 
Winterton's  Dedication  of  Dionysius  de  Situ  Orbis2,  unto  me,  if  it 

these  parts,  made  use  thereof  in  his  peculiar  art  of  tinging  and  colouring  of 
stones.'       Works  of  Sir  Tliomas  Browne,  ed.  Wilkins,  1835-6,  iv,  p.  255.) 

1  Sir  Thomas  Murray,  Wotton's  predecessor,  was  secretary  to  the  Prince  of 
Wales  ;  Sir  Henry  Savile  was  Warden  of  Merton  as  well  as  Provost  of  Eton  ; 
William  Day,  elected  Provost  in  1561,  was  Dean  of  Windsor. 

2  Ralph  Winterton  (1600-36),  Fellow  of  King's  College,  Cambridge,  and  Regius 
Professor  of  Greek  in  1635.  (D.  N.  B.)  In  1633  he  published  an  edition  of  the 
Greek  poem  of  Dionysius,  De  Situ  Orbis  in  usum  scholae  Regiae  Etonensis,  with 
a  dedication  in  Greek  verse  to  Sir  Henry  Wotton. 


398  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

were  not  a  miserable  thing  for  me  to  make  up  so  slight  a  merit  even 
with  a  vanity.  Besides  this,  I  most  humbly  confess  that  though  my 
fortunes  are  poor  and  my  studies  private,  yet  I  cannot  deny  certain 
sparkles  of  honest  ambition  remaining  in  me,  whereby  I  desire  the 
world  should  know  that  my  most  virtuous  and  most  dear  and  royal 
master  hath  not  utterly  forgotten  me.  And  so  I  most  humbly  rest, 
Your  Majesty's  most  humble,  faithful,  hearty  subject 

and  servant, 

H.  W. 

499.    To  Archbishop  Laud. 

Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  431;  3rd  ed.,  p.  341.  'To  the  Archbishop  ' ;  no  date,  but 
printed  immediately  after  the  above  letter  to  Charles  I,  and  probably 
sent  with  it. 

(Eton  College,  December,  1638  ?> 
May  it  please  your  Grace, 

Emboldened  by  your  favour  I  humbly  present  herewith  to  your 
Grace,  and  through  your  only  hands  (which  in  our  lower  sphere  is 
via  lactea),  my  letter  to  his  Majesty,  and  the  copy  thereof.  If  it  shall 
pass  the  file  of  your  judgement  my  poor  lines  will  have  honour 
enough  ;  but  if  they  take  effect  by  the  virtue  of  your  mediation 
I  shall  be  sorry  that  I  cannot  be  more 

Your  Grace  his  than  I  am,  and  will  ever  be, 

H.  Wotton. 

500.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  143;  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  478.  Bacon's  illness;  Scot 
affairs  ;  foreign  news.  Dated  New  Year's  Eve,  and  plainly  written 
1638. 

From  the  College  on  the  eve  of  the 
New  Year,  through  which  Goc 
send  you  a  blessed  passage,  anc 
many  more. 

My  dearly  and  worthily  ever  honoured  Nephew, 

This  is  that  saturnine  time  of  the  year  which  most  molesteth 
such  splenetic  bodies  (as  mine  is)  by  the  revolution  of  melancholic 
blood,  which  throweth  up  fastidious  fumes  into  the  head,  whereof 
I  have  had  of  late  my  share.  Howsoever,  this  trusty  fellow  of  our 
town,  being  hired  by  one  about  some  business  to  Cambridge  (as  he  is 
often  hither  and  thither)  and  acquainting  me  commonly  with  his 
motions,  I  have  gladly  stretched  his  present  journey  as  far  as  the 
Eedgrave  ;  hoping  by  him  to  have  an  absolute  account  of  your  well 
being,  which  Nicholas  my  servant  left  in  a  fair  disposition. 


TO  SIR  EDMUND    BACON 

Let  me  therefore  by  this  opportunity  entertain  you  with  some  of 
our  newest  things,  but  briefly,  for  I  dare  not  trust  my  brains  too  much. 

First,  for  the  affairs  of  Scotland :  Est  bene  non  jx>tuit  dicere, 
<lirif,  Erit.  The  wisest  physicians  of  State  are  of  opinion  that  the 
ttriais  is  good  ;  and  I  hope  your  Sir  Jacob  Ashley  and  my  Sir  Thomas 
Morton  '  will  have  a  fine  employment  upon  the  borders,  honour  by 
ike  choice  of  their  persons,  money  by  their  journal  pay,  little  pains, 
and  no  danger.  Our  Court  mourneth  this  whole  festival  with  sad 
frugality  for  the  untimely  death  of  the  young  Duke  of  Savoy  2,  our 
Queen's  nephew,  hastened  they  say  by  the  Cardinal  his  uncle,  who 
would  first  have  illegitimated  him,  and  that  not  taking  effect  by  the 
supportment  of  Spain  he  fell  to  other  Roman  arts  ;  so  as  the  said 
Cardinal,  to  decline  this  black  report,  is  gone  a  wandering,  and,  as  it 
is  thought,  will  visit  barefoot  the  Holy  Land.  In  the  meantime, 
methinks  I.see  him  with  a  crew  of  banditti  and  bravi  in  his  company, 
and  his  own  conscience  a  continual  hangman  about  him. 

The  Queen  Mother  stirreth  little  between  majesty  and  age.  She 
hath  published  a  short  manifesto  8,  touching  the  reasons  of  her  recess 
from  Bruxels,  wherein  is  one  very  notable  conceit :  '  That  she  had  long 
borne  silently  the  affronts  done  her  by  the  Prince  Cardinal's  coun- 
sellors and  under  officers,  upon  no  other  reason  than  the  very  shame 
to  have  received  them.'  Of  himself  she  speaketh  with  good  respect, 
but  I  know  not  how  the  character  of  humility  (which  she  giveth  him) 
will  be  digested  ;  for  perchance  he  had  rather  have  been  painted  like 
a  lion  than  a  lamb.  Our  Queen's  delivery  approacheth,  in  a  good 
hour  be  it  spoken.  There  is  newly  sworn  her  servant  a  lovely 
daughter  of  Sir  Richard  Harison4,  our  neighbour  in  Barkshire,  to 
answer  Madamoiselle  Darci  on  her  mother's  side.  The  Count  Pala- 
tine5, since  his  late  defeat,  is  gotten  in  disguised  habit  to  Hamborough, 

1  Sir  Jacob  Astley,  see  ante,  ii,  p.  395.  Sir  Thomas  Morton  was  a  brother  of  Sir 
Albertus  Morton.  On  Aug.  6,  1638,  our  old  and  still  unassassinated  friend, 
Amerigo  Salvetti  (now  resident  for  the  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany  at  the  English 
Court),  wrote,  l  Si  e  spedito  il  Colonello  Morton  a  Barvicke,  frontiera  di  Scotia, 
per  vedere  se  sia  possibile  di  rimettere  in  piedi  quelle  fortificazioni,  che  il  Re 
Jacobo  fece  demolire  quando  venne  a  questa  Corona,  pensando  con  1'  unione 
delle  due  Corone  di  non  havere  piu  bisogno  di  simili  fortezze  alle  frontiere.' 
{Arch,  Med.,  4199.) 

2  Francis  Hyacinthe,  the  young  Duke  of  Savoy,  son  of  the  Duke  Victor- 
Amedee  I  and  Christina  of  France,  sister  of  Henrietta  Maria.  He  died  Oct.  4,  • 
1638. 

8  A  Declaration  of  the  Queene,  Mother  of  the  Most  Christian  King,  Containing  the  reasons 
of  her  departure  out  of  the  Low-Countreys,  &c,  1639. 

4  Sir  Richard  Harrison,  of  Hurst,  Berks.    (N.  &  Q.,  3rd  Ser.  i,  p.  52.) 

5  In  the  summer  of  1638  Charles  Louis,  the  young  Count  Palatine,  marched 
from  the  Netherlands  at  the  head  of  a  small  force  to  join  the  Swedes.  He  was 
intercepted  and  defeated  by  General  Hatzfeldt,  and  his  brother  Prince  Rupert, 
with  Lord  Craven  and  others  of  his  principal  officers,  were  taken  prisoners. 
Charles  Louis  himself  escaped  to  Hamburg.     (Gardiner,  viii,  p.  376.) 


400  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

and,  as  they  say,  hath  been  there  visited  by  the  King  of  Denmark, 
amidst  that  cold  assembly  of  ambassadors.1  But  in  his  passage 
between  the  said  town  and  Bremen  was  like  to  have  been  taken  by 
ambush  of  freebooters,  who  no  doubt  would  have  made  sale  of  him. 
Certain  it  is  that  his  brother  Prince  Rupert  fought  very  nobly  before 
he  yielded  ;  whereof  such  notice  was  taken,  even  by  the  Count  of 
Hatfield2  himself,  that  he  hath  ever  since  been  kept  by  him  in 
a  strong  place,  rounded  day  and  night  with  a  guard  of  naked  swords. 
Yet  in  the  tablets  of  one  that  had  leave  to  visit  him  the  Prince  made 
a  shift  to  comfort  the  Queen  his  mother  with  a  line  or  two  to  this 
sense,  i  that  whatsoever  became  of  himself,  he  would  never  change 
his  religion  nor  his  party.'  We  hear  my  Lord  Craven3  hath  made 
his  composition  under  £20,000.  As  for  Ferents4,  I  believe  his  own 
head  must  ransom  him,  or  his  heels.  The  Pope's  treaty  at  Colen 
goes  il  passo  del  gambero,  rather  backward  than  forward.  And  all 
deliberatives  of  state  seem  to  depend  much  upon  the  event  of  Brisach, 
which  I  use  to  call  the  German  Helena,  long  wooed,  but,  for  aught 
I  hear  yet,  an  Imperial  virgin. 

These  are  our  foreign  rhapsodies :  I  will  end  in  somewhat  nearer 
us.  You  receive  herewith  the  copy  of  my  last  or  second  letter  to 
Mr.  Carie  Raleigh 5,  and  his  answer  thereunto.  Believe  it,  Sir  (what- 
soever conceit  his  actions  shall  breed),  that  he  is  a  gentleman  of 
dexterous  abilities,  well  appearing  in  the  management  of  a  business 
so  tender  and  delicate  as  that  which  now  runneth  between  us, 
which  for  my  part  I  resolve  to  press  no  farther :  for  (to  depose  my 
mind  as  plainly  as  I  may  safely  in  your  breast)  I  never  could 
observe  any  great  good  effect  to  ensue  upon  violent  dissuasions  in 
businesses  of  this  nature,  but  rather  an  obduration  than  an  abversion. 
Howsoever,  I  would  fain  (as  the  occasion  suggesteth)  propound  unto 
your  judgement  a  pretty  moral  doubt,  super  tota  materia,  which  I  have 
heard  discussed  and  resolved  affirmatively  among  some  skilful 
humourists  6  who  knew  the  world  well.  The  question  was  this, 
'  Whether  in  such  a  case  precisely  as  ours  of  mere  scandal,  without 
apparent  truth,  some  inclining  to  think  the  worst  and  some  the  best, 
there  be  left  room  for  any  middle  imagination  between  good  and  ill  ? ' 

1  The  ambassadors  of  England,  France,  and  Sweden,  who  were  negotiating  the 
terms  of  an  alliance.  The  result  of  the  Congress  of  Hamburg  was  a  fresh  alliance 
between  France  and  Sweden.     (Gardiner,  viii,  p.  381.) 

2  General  Hatzfeldt. 

3  William,  Earl  of  Craven  (1606-97),  the  devoted  friend  of  the  Queen  of 
Bohemia.  He  was  taken  prisoner  with  Prince  Rupert,  and  purchased  his  liberty 
in  the  autumn  of  1639.     (J).  N.  B.,  xiii,  p.  43.) 

4  Sir  Thomas  Ferentz,  colonel  in  the  service  of  Charles  Louis.  {Cal.  S.  P.  Dom., 
1637-8,  p.  47.) 

5  Carew  Raleigh  (1605-66),  son  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh.     (Z).  X.  B.) 

6  '  Humourists,'  i.  e.  students  of  •  humours '  (not  in  N.  E.  D.  in  this  sense). 


TO   SIR   EDMUND   BACON  401 

In  the  solution  of  which  point  I  will  crave  pardon  to  reserve  a  secret 
till  we  meet,  at  which  I  believe  you  will  smile. 

We  are  here  (God  be  blessed)  all  well :  our  audit  ended  a  little 
before  Christmas  Day,  more  troublesome  than  fruitful,  after  the 
fashion.  The  same  officers  as  the  year  before,  every  man  of  them 
your  servant,  or  otherwise  they  had  wanted  my  voice.  Mr.  Harison 
hath  been  of  late  somewhat  more  than  heretofore  troubled  with  certain 
iK'phritical  fits ;  but  they  are  transient  and  light,  et  iam  mansiwta 
nuihi.  Mr.  Powel  speaketh  of  you  with  much  devotion,  as  all  other 
whom  you  have  once  touched  with  your  magnetical  virtue.  In  the 
conclusion  let  me,  as  with  a  box  of  marmalade,  close  up  your  stomach 
with  one  of  the  genialest  pieces  that  I  have  read  in  my  lifetime,  of 
the  same  unaffected  and  dishevelled  kind  (as  I  may  term  it),  sent  me 
newly  from  London ! ;  which  if  you  have  seen  before  I  am  out  of 
countenance.  And  so,  Sir,  wishing  you  (for  I  cannot  wish  you  better 
on  earth),  after  the  sweet  apprehension  of  God's  continual  favour,  the 
fruition  of  yourself,  I  rest,  at  what  distance  soever, 

Your  unseparable  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

501.    To  John  Dynely. 

Itctiq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  577.  Dated  Thursday,  1638,  and,  from  the  reference  to 
the  defeat  of  Charles  Louis,  written  at  about  the  same  time  as  the 
above  letter  to  Sir  Edmund  Bacon.  Wotton  writes  of  foreign  news, 
and  sends  a  hogshead  of  beer  to  Dynely. 

From  the  College  this  Thursday  morning, 
1638. 
Sir, 

I  was  glad  for  all  the  private  (matter)  in  a  late  letter  from  you,  and 
sorry  for  the  public,  both  foreign  and  inward :  but  I  like  Plato's  counsel 
well,  in  adversities  to  compress  murmur  ;  for  our  providence  (saith 
he)  is  too  short  to  judge,  whether  there  may  not  lie,  under  the  outside 
of  an  apparent  evil,  some  inimaginable  good.  The  last  philosophy  is, 
Voluntas  tua  fiat  Domine.  Upon  hearing,  some  good  while  since,  of 
the  misadventures  in  the  Palatine  house,  his  loss  of  Meppen 2  before 
he  had  it,  the  defeat  of  his  troops  as  soon  as  he  had  gathered  them, 
the  taking  of  his  brother,  &c,  I  fell  upon  a  conceit  that  perchance 
these  unpleasant  things  might  call  over  Sir  K.  Cave 3 ;  the  Prince 

1  Sir  C.  C.'s  poem  (see  ante,  ii,  p.  385). 

3  Shortly  before  his  defeat  by  General  Hatzfeldt,  Charles  Louis  had  purchased 
the  allegiance  of  the  garrison  of  Meppen  with  money  sent  him  by  Charles  I. 
Rfepp  n  was  thereupon  attacked  by  the  Imperialists  in  the  neighbourhood,  who 
by  surprise  without  any  serious  resistance.     {Gardiner,  viii,  p.  376.) 

3  Sir  Richard  Cave,  an  officer  in  the  service  of  Charles  Louis  (Bromley,  Royal 
Letters,  pp.  93,  101,  115,  &c).  Sir  Richard  Cave  was  still  in  England  in  June, 
1039.     (Cal.  S.  P.  Dom.}  1639,  p.  266.) 

WOTTON.    II  D  d 


402  LETTERS  OF  WOTTON 

being  destitute  of  counsel,  and  of  proper  instruments  of  action  (for 
they  say  Ferentz  l  is  likewise  prisoner).  And  so  there  would  be 
room  here  for  your  employment :  which  I  would  wish  you  to  press 
extremely.  But  of  this  more  in  my  next.  I  now  send  you  an 
hogshead  of  more  than  soror  tonantis2,  and  very  willingly,  though 
so  long  after  March  you  take  us  sul  basso.  But  one  thing  I  must 
tell  you,  that  for  your  wife's  splenetic  infirmity  there  is  nothing 
worse  in  the  world  than  either  strong  or  stale  beer.  Now  that  we 
have  you  out  of  the  straits  and  in  the  ocean  (as  you  call  it),  both  of 
novelties  as  well  as  of  other  things,  Matthew  Saye  shall  have  order 
to  call  upon  you  at  least  once  a  week.  And  for  the  present  I  leave 
you  in  His  love  that  never  faileth,  remaining, 

Your  very  truly  affectionate, 

Henry  Wotton. 

502.    To  Doctor  Castle. 

Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  492;  3rd  ed.,  p.  371.  'To  Doctor  C  Undated.  The 
reference  to  the  troubles  in  Scotland,  and  to  the  receipt  of  a  letter  of 
Dec.  19,  makes  it  probable  that  this  letter  was  written  in  January,  1639. 

(January,  1639?) 
Worthy  Sir, 

It  is  one  of  the  wonders  of  the  world  unto  me  how  your  letters 
come  so  slowly  ;  which  if  either  themselves  or  their  bearers  knew 
how  welcome  they  are  would  fly.  I  speak  this,  both  by  some  other 
before,  and  by  your  last  of  the  19th  of  December,  which  was  almost 
nine  days  on  the  way:  and  I  hope  the  scene  of  Scotland  much 
changed  in  the  meanwhile  to  the  better. 

But  to  let  go  exotic  matter,  if  that  may  be  so  termed,  I  must  con- 
gratulate with  you  your  actual  possession  of  the  place  in  the . 

For  although  your  own  merit  was  (before  you  had  it)  in  their  judge- 
ments that  understand  you,  a  kind  of  present  investure,  yet  I  learned 
long  since  of  our  old  master  at  Oxford,  that  actus  is  better  than 
potentia  3  :  which  yet,  I  hope,  will  not  divert  you  from  your  philoso- 
phical profession,  wherein  I  know  no  man  of  sweeter  or  soundei 
ability.     And  so,  sir,  I  rest, 

Very  truly  and  affectionately  at  your  command, 

H.  Wotton. 

1  Sir  Thomas  Ferentz.     (Ante,  ii,  p.  400.) 

2  One  of  the  perquisites  of  the  Provost  of  Eton  was  '  i  hogsheads  of  March  beei 
every  year  paying  nothing'  (Rawl.  MS.,  B268,  f.  131).  I  can  only  explain  th< 
phrase  '  more  than  soror  tonantis '  as  meaning  an  especially  strong  brew  ;  Wottor 
taking  cervisia  as  meaning  the  wine  of  Ceres  (so7-or  tonantis) ;  the  Cerealis  liquo 
of  Plautus. 

3  Aristotle,  Metaphys.  viii.  9. 


TO  JOHN   DYNELY  403 


503.    To  John  Dynely. 

Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  578.    No  address,  but  among  the  letters  to  Dynely. 
Wotton  asks  for  the  news  in  London. 

This  Epiphany  (Jan.  6),  1638(9). 

JSlK, 

Between  you  and  me  complimental  letters  are  as  needless  and 
improper  as,  I  hope,  the  provisions  of  armour  in  the  Tower  will  be. 
As  for  novelties  of  State,  you  are  in  the  centre,  and  we  rural  wights 
in  the  circumference  and  skirts,  entertained  with  nothing  but  some 
cold  icicles  and  droppings  from  you  Londoners  :  imagine  us  therefore 
to  stand  gaping  for  the  return  of  the  Lord  Marquis '.  In  the  mean- 
while I  should  be  glad  to  know  in  what  quality  my  nephew  Colonel 
Morton  is  employed  towards  the  north  ;  for  I  hear  of  one  Serjeant- 
Major  Thelwel 2  in  more  noise.  And  so  intending  (as  soon  as  it  can 
be  ready)  to  entertain  you  with  a  strange  collar  of  brawn,  I  rest, 

Ever  your  own, 

Henry  Wotton. 


504.     To  John  Dynely. 

Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  579.    No  address,  but  among  the  letters,  to  Dynely. 
Wotton's  plans  for  Easter ;  foreign  news. 

From  the  College,  Feb.  21,  1638(9). 
Sib, 

My  pen  hath  not  conversed  with  you  for  certe  gite  of  our  boat 
a  pretty  while  ;  not  wanting  affection,  but  matter.  You  are  in  the 
centre  of  novelties.  God  send  all  well,  as  I  have  no  doubt  it  will  be 
at  last.  I  am  within  some  few  weeks  tending  to  my  genial  soil 
at  Boughton  Malherb,  and  thence  about  by  Kedgrave  I  shall  make 
a  circle  hither  again,  taking  perchance  both  universities  in  my  line 
homewards.  You  married  men  are  deprived  of  these  evagations  \ 
While  we  stand  in  a  little  suspense  touching  the  event  of  inward 
affairs,  I  am  glad  to  hear  from  abroad  in  the  High  Dutch  gazette, 
that  there  is  a  treaty  of  exchange  in  hand  between  Prince  Rupert 

I  The  Marquis  of  Hamilton,  who  had  been  negotiating  with  the  Covenanters 
in  Scotland.  He  returned  soon  after  this  letter  was  written,  and  on  Jan.  15 
■Hve  an  account  of  his  mission,  and  its  failure,  before  the  English  Privy  Council. 

<r,  viii,  p.  382.) 
-  Anthony  Thelwall,  sergeant-major  in  Col.  Richard  Feilding's  regiment, 
serving  under  the  Earl  of  Northumberland  in  1640  (Peacock's  Army  Lists,  2nd  ed., 
p.  90).  Thelwall  and  Sir  Thomas  Morton  are  mentioned  in  a  letter  from  Sir 
Francis  Willoughby  to  Went  worth  as  being  engaged  in  raising  troops  near 
Whitehaven  in  April,  1639.     (Strafford  Papers,  ii,  p.  315.) 

II  Evagations/  diversions.    Obs.     (N.E.D.) 

D  d  2 


404  LETTERS   OF  WOTTON 

and  Prince  Casimer  of  Poland,  whom  the  Swedes  have  in  custody. 
Methinks  it  is  a  pretty  balanced  intention,  and  of  no  improbable 
issue  ;  the  King  of  Hungaria  (alias  Emperor  ])  growing  every  day 
lower  and  lower.  I  desire  much  to  know  how  your  virtuous 
consort  standeth  in  her  health,  and  how  yourself  proceedeth  in  your 
hopes ;  resting, 

Semper,  semper  tuus, 

Henry  Wotton. 


505.    To  Izaak  Walton. 

Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  511 ;  3rd  ed., p.  360.  'To  Iz.  Walton,  in  answer  of  a  letter 
requesting  him  to  perform  his  promise  of  writing  the  Life  of  Dr.  Dunne.' 
No  date,  but  written  some  time  after  Feb.  6,  in  the  spring  of  1639  (see 
note  2,  p.  405). 

(April,  ?1639.) 

My  worthy  Friend, 

I  am  not  able  to  yield  any  reason,  no,  not  so  much  as  may 
satisfy  myself,  why  a  most  ingenuous  letter  of  yours  hath  lyen 
so  long  by  me  (as  it  were  in  lavender)  without  an  answer,  save  this 
only,  the  pleasure  I  have  taken  in  your  style  and  conceptions, 
together  with  a  meditation  of  the  subject  you  propound,  may  seem  to 
have  cast  me  into  a  gentle  slumber.  But  being  now  awaked,  I  do 
herein  return  you  most  hearty  thanks  for  the  kind  prosecution  of 
your  first  motion,  touching  a  just  office,  due  to  the  memory  of  our 
ever-memorable  friend.2  To  whose  good  fame,  though  it  be  needless 
to  add  anything  (and  my  age  considered,  almost  hopeless  from  my 
pen),  yet  I  will  endeavour  to  perform  my  promise,  if  it  were  but 
even  for  this  cause,  that  in  saying  somewhat  of  the  life  of  so  deserv- 
ing a  man  I  may  perchance  overlive  mine  own. 

1  Ferdinand  III,  who  succeeded  his  father,  Ferdinand  II,  in  1637.  Being 
elected  Emperor  without  the  concurrence  of  the  titular  Elector  Palatine,  many 
Protestants  refused  to  acknowledge  his  title,  but  continued  to  call  him  the  King 
of  Hungary. 

3  At  the  beginning  of  his  life  of  Donne  (published  in  1640  in  a  volume  of 
Donne's  Sermons),  Izaak  Walton  writes  as  follows,  referring  to  this  letter  :  '  II 
that  great  Master  of  Language  and  Art,  Sir  Henry  Wootton,  Provost  of  Eaton 
College  (lately  deceased),  had  lived  to  see  the  publication  of  these  Sermons,  he 
had  presented  the  world  with  the  Author's  life  exactly  written.  It  was  a  Work 
worthy  his  undertaking,  and  he  fit  to  imdertake  it ;  betwixt  whom  and  our 
Author  there  was  such  a  friendship  contracted  in  their  youths,  that  nothing  but 
death  could  force  the  separation.  And  though  their  bodies  were  divided,  that 
learned  Knight's  love  followed  his  friend's  fame  beyond  the  forgetful  grave, 
which  he  testified  by  entreating  me  (whom  he  acquainted  with  his  design)  to 
enquire  of  certain  particulars  that  concerned  it :  not  doubting  but  my  knowledge 
of  the  Author,  and  love  to  his  memory,  would  make  my  dilligence  useful.  I  did 
prepare  them  in  a  readiness  to  be  augmented,  and  rectified  by  his  powerful  pen  ; 
but  then  death  prevented  his  intentions.'  {LXXX  Sermons  preached  by  that  Learned 
and  Reverend  Divine  John  Donne,  London,  1640.) 


TO   TZAAK    WALTON  405 

That  which  you  add  of  Doctor  King '  (now  made  Dean  of  Rochester, 
and  by  that  translated  into  my  native  soil)  is  a  great  spur  unto  me ; 
with  whom  I  hope  shortly  to  confer  about  it  in  my  passage  towards 
Boughton  Malherb,  which  was  my  genial  air,  and  invite  him  to 
a  friendship  with  that  family  where  his  predecessor  2  was  familiarly 
acquainted.  I  shall  write  at  large  to  you  by  the  next  messenger 
(being  at  present  a  little  in  business),  and  then  I  shall  set  down 
pertain  general  heads,  wherein  I  desire  information  by  your  loving 
diligence  ;  hoping  shortly  to  enjoy  your  own  ever-welcome  company 
in  this  approaching  time  of  the  fly  and  the  cork.  And  so  I  rest 
Your  very  hearty  poor  friend  to  serve  you, 

H.  Wotton. 

506.    To  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 

Letters  to  B.,  p.  131 ;  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  476.  « A  late  Letter  written  towards 
the  end  of  Lent  by  Sir  Henry  Wotton,  Provost  of  his  Majesty's  College 
of  Eton,'  addressed  'To  the  Right  Worthy  his  ever  truly  Honoured 
Sir  Edmund  Bacon,  Knight  and  Baronet,  touching  the  loss  of  friends, 
and  final  resignation  of  ourselves  '.  No  date,  but  apparently  written 
some  years  after  the  death  of  Thomas  Lord  Wotton  in  1630.  As  the 
letters  to  Sir  Edmund  Bacon  are  printed  with  some  attempt  at 
chronological  order,  and  as  this  letter  follows  next  but  one  to  a  letter 
dated  Dec.  5,  1638,  I  place  it,  for  want  of  any  better  indication,  in 
April.  1639,  before  Easter  Sunday,  April  14. 

(April,  1639  ?) 
Sir, 

All  the  faculties  of  my  mind  (if  they  had  ever  been  of  any  value) 
and  all  the  strength  of  my  body,  must  yield  to  the  seigniory  and 
sovereignty  of"  time  over  us  ;  but  the  last  thing  that  will  die  or 
decay  in  me  is  the  remembrance  how,  amidst  that  inestimable 
contentment  which  I  enjoyed  (as  all  others  do)  in  the  benefit  and 
pleasure  of  your  conversation  (being  then  with  you  at  Redgrave  in 
Suffolk,  both  your  delightful  mansion  and  philosophical  retreat, 
where  you  are  best,  because  there  you  are  most  yourself,  though 
everywhere  well  imparted  to  your  friends),  I  was  then  surprised  with 
advertisement  from  Court  of  the  death  of  Sir  Albertus  Morton, 
my  dear  nephew,  in  the  vernality  (as  I  may  term  it)  of  his  employ- 
ments and  fortunes  under  the  best  King  and  master  of  the  world. 
And  how  no  great  time  after  (as  adversities  are  seldom  solitary) 
there  succeeded  in  the  same  place  the  departure  of  my  no  less  dear 
niece,  your  long,  and,  I  dare  say,  your  still  beloved  consort  (for  lovo 

1  Henry  King  (1592-1669,  made  Dean  of  Rochester,  Feb.  6,  1C39.     King  was 
appointed  Bishop  of  Chichester  in  1642.  (D.  A'.  B.) 
■  Walter  Balcanquhall.     (See  ante,  ii,  p.  395.) 


406  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

and  life  are  not  conterminable),  as  well  appeareth  by  your  many 
tender  expressions  of  that  disjuncture,  and  by  that  monument  of 
your  own  excellent  invention  which  you  have  raised  to  her  memory.1 
This,  Sir,  ever  freshly  bleeding  in  me,  and  withal  revolving  often 
in  my  retired  thoughts  how  I  have  long  since  over-lived  my  loving 
parents,  all  mine  uncles,  brothers  and  sisters,  besides  many  of  mine 
especial  friends  and  companions  of  my  youth,  who  have  melted 
away  before  me,  and  that  I  am  now  myself  arrived  near  those  years 
which  lie  in  the  suburbs  of  oblivion,  being  the  sole  masculine  branch 
of  my  good  father's  house  in  the  county  of  Kent,  so  as  that  poor  name 
(and)  reputation  which  my  ancestors  have  heretofore  sustained  by 
God's  permission  must  expire  and  vanish  in  my  unworthiness :  I  say, 
Sir,  again  and  again  debating  often  these  circumstances  with  myself 
(and  truly  not  without  the  common  weaknesses  and  passions  of 
humanity,  from  which  I  am  of  all  men  least  exempted),  an  extreme 
desire  did  lately  assail  me  to  entertain,  between  my  other  private 
studies,  some  such  discourse  as  might  work  upon  mine  own  mind, 
and  at  least  abstract  a  while,  if  not  elevate  my  cogitations  above  all 
earthly  objects.  Whereupon,  towards  the  end  of  this  last  Lent 
(a  time  of  contracted  thoughts)  I  fell  to  think  of  that  theme,  which 
I  have  now  entituled  'The  loss  of  friends,  and  final  resignation  of 
ourselves ',  intending,  though  it  be  the  highest  and  uttermost  point 
of  Christian  philosophy,  to  familiarize  it  between  us  as  much  as  I  can, 
and  to  address  it  in  form  of  a  letter  to  yourself.2  For  with  whom 
can  I  treat  of  this  matter  more  properly,  being  both  of  us  almost 
precisely  of  equal  age,  and  by  the  love  which  you  are  pleased  to  bear 
me,  all  joy  in  the  fruition,  and  all  grief  in  the  privation  of  friends 

common  between  us  ? 

Now  Sir,  &c. 


507.    To  John  Dynely. 

Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  581.    No  address,  but  among  the  Dynely  letters. 
Scottish  affairs,  &c. 


. 


From  the  College,  April  17,  163 
Sie, 

I  should  be  sorry  for  your  departure  towards  our  royal  mistress 
before  some  short  meeting  at  least  between  us,  for  I  have  much 
discourse  to  unlade  in  your  honest  breast.  And  I  can  tell  you,  we  had 
need  lay  up  discourse  safely  ;  which  I  hope  you  will  take  for  some 
excuse  of  my  seldom  writing  unto  you,  for  I  suspect  a  certain 
natural  freedom  in  mine  own  pen. 

1  The  inscription  on  Lady  Bacon's  tomb  is  printed  in  Thos.  Wotton's  English 
Baronetage,  1741,  i,  p.  11. 

2  This  letter  has  not  been  preserved. 


TO  JOHN   DYNELY  407 

In  the  Scottish  affairs  it  is  one  mystery,  that  we  know  not  what 
to  believe.  Only  this  we  can  say,  that  there  is  nothing  to  be  praised 
in  it  on  their  part ;  and  I  could  wish  there  were  as  little  to  be 
feared  on  ours.  Dcus  operator  omnia  suaviter1 ;  and  to  His  power  and 
nun  v  we  must  leave  ourselves. 

Your  ever  faithful  poor  friend, 

H.  Wotton. 

Sir, 

My  coachman  is  yet  crazy2  from  a  late  great  sickness  ;  but  if 
it  pi  ease  you  to  specify  the  time  of  your  conveniency,  my  gelding 
shall  wait  upon  you  at  Branford  ;  a  poind  nomme. 

508.    To  John  Dynely. 

Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  580.    Same  as  last.    News  from  Scotland  ; 
Wotton  going  to  London. 

From  the  College,  April  21,  1C39. 
Carissime, 

I  am  sorry  to  hear  of  new  oaths 3  in  Scotland  between  the 
Covenanters,  who,  they  say,  will  have  none  but  Jesus  Christ  to  reign 
over  them  ;  a  sacred  cover  of  the  deepest  impiety.  God  open  their 
eyes  and  soften  their  hearts.  I  have  read  a  good  part  of  the 
Declaration  4,  wherein  the  Dean  of  Durham's  pen  doth  well  appear, 
and  the  whole  business  is  very  black.  Never  was  there  such  a 
stamping  and  blending  of  rebellion  and  religion  together.  I  thank 
you  for  your  news  touching  Prince  Rupert ;  but  I  fear  the  Hungarian 
King  will  hold  him  too  fast.  To  your  question  about  mine  own 
remove,  it  will  be  towards  the  ending  of  this  week,  for  a  night  or  two 
to  London  ;  so  as  I  hope  to  save  you  the  labour  of  journeying  hither. 
My  lodging,  if  it  be  not  prepossessed,  will  be  at  Mr.  Alkind's  house 
in  the  Strand,  or  otherwise  peradventure  with  your  friend  in  Lombard 
Street,  whereof  you  shall  have  notice  in  time. 

I  am  yours  everywhere, 

H.  Wotton. 

1  '  Attingit  ergo  a  fine  usque  ad  finem  fortiter,  et  disponit  omnia  suaviter.' 
{Sap.  viii.  1.) 

2  <  Crazy,'  i.  e.  infirm.     Obs.    (N.  E.  D.) 

3  Edmund  Rossingham  to  Lord  Conway,  April  23,  1689:  'The  Covenanters 
have  taken  another  oath  lately,  which  is  this,  to  fight  it  out  to  the  last  man  in 
defence  of  their  Covenant,  and  of  the  acts  made  at  their  assembly  at  Glasgow, 
although  his  Majesty's  army  be  five  to  one  against  them.'  (Cal.  S.  P.  Dom., 
1639,  p.  73.)  On  May  6  Salvetti  writes  of  the  Covenanters  '  hanno  di  nuovo 
rinovato  tale  giuramento.'      (Arch.  Med.,  4199.) 

4  The  Large  Declaration  (1639),  by  Dr.  Balcanquhall,  '  a  portly  volume  in 
which  the  whole  story  of  the  misdeeds  of  the  Scots  was  set  forth  at  length  from 
tin-  King's  point  of  view.'     {Gardiner,  viii,  p.  391.) 


408  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 


509.    To  Doctor  Castle. 

Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  489  ;  3rd  ed.,  p.  368.  'To  Doctor  C  Undated,  but  written 
at  the  end  of  May,  1639  (see  note  3).  Lord  Ker  turns  Covenanter ; 
John  Hales  made  Prebendary  of  Windsor. 

(Eton  College,  May,  1639.) 

Worthy  Sir, 

You  are  the  very  man  who  hath  authenticated  unto  me  that 
sentence  which  we  read  in  the  life  of  Atticus,  delivered  by  Cornelius 
Nepos,  that  Pnidentia  est  quaedam  dwmatio}  So  as  truly  hereafter, 
when  I  shall  receive  from  the  intelligences  of  your  friends,  and  your 
own  judgement  upon  them,  any  sinister  prognostic,  it  will  make  me 
open  your  next  letter  with  trembling  fingers. 

It  is  one  among  many  wonders  unto  me  that  the  young  Lord  C.2 
hath  made  a  transition  to  the  contrary  party  :  I  thought  he  had  been 
better  elemented  at  Eton. 

I  send  you  herewith  for  a  little  exchange  the  copy  of  an  elegant 
letter  which  came  unto  me  by  the  last  boat  from  a  friend,  both 
of  studies  and  affairs  touching  foreign  troubles ;  which  it  is  not  amiss 
to  contemplate,  if  it  be  but  for  some  diversion  from  our  own  ; 
Christendom  was  never,  within  our  age,  so  inflamed.  I  hope  the 
ends  of  the  world  are  come  upon  us. 

I  shall  shortly  remove  into  Kent ;  but  while  I  am  absent,  there 
is  one  shall  wait  on  you  weekly  in  London,  to  receive  and  to  convey 
any  of  your  commands  to  me,  for  that  is  the  true  name  of  all  your 
requests. 

To  your  professed  plain  friend, 
H.  Wotton. 

Postscript. — My  Lord's  Grace  of  Canterbury  hath  this  week  sent 
hither  to  Mr.  Hales,  very  nobly,  a  prebendaryship  of  Windsor, 
unexpected,  undesired,  like  one  of  the  favours  (as  they  write)  of 
Henry  the  Seventh's  time.3 

1  'Facile  existimari  possit  prudentiam  quodam  modo  esse  divinationem.' 
(Corn.  Nep.  Atticus,  16.) 

2  Henry  Lord  Ker  (or  Carr,  as  Wotton  spells  the  name),  eldest  son  of  the  first 
Earl  of  Roxburgh.  He  was  educated  at  Eton  (Maxivell-Lyfe,  p.  233).  Notices  of 
his  '  falling  away  to  the  Covenanters'  occur  in  letters  of  May  11  (Cal.  S.  P.  Lout., 
1639,  p.  155)  and  May  20  (Strafford  Papers,  ii,  p.  350).  His  mother,  Garrard  write*, 
'laments,  keeps  her  bed,  cannot  be  comforted,  to  hear  how  her  only  son  hath 
played  the  Fool  in  turning  Covenanter.'     (Ibid.,  p.  351.) 

3  The  Royal  Patent  was  dated  May  23,  1639  (D.  N.  B.,  xxiv,  p.  31),  which  fixt- 
approximately  the  date  of  this  letter. 


TO   MARY,   LADY    WOTTON  409 


510.    To  Mary,  Lady  Wotton. 

C.  C.  C.  MS.  318,  f.  44,  holograph.  Printed  in  Archaeol.  xl.  This  letter, 
addressed  to  the  widow  of  Thomas,  second  Lord  Wotton  (Sir  Arthur 
Throckmorton's  daughter),  is  undated,  but  was  written  about  July, 
1639,  as  Wotton's  great-nephew,  Albertus  Morton  the  younger  (second 
son  of  Sir  Robert  Morton,  Sir  Albertus  Morton's  eldest  brother),  was 
matriculated  a  pensioner  of  King's  College,  Cambridge,  on  July  2,  1639 
i  Archaeol.  xl,  p.  282).  Wotton's  intention  of  visiting  Bury  St.  Edmunds 
and  Bocton  Malherbe ;  the  proposed  marriage  of  one  of  his  nieces. 

(Eton  College,  July,  1639.) 

My  ever  truly  honoured  Lady  and  Niece, 

When  this  my  servant,  returning  lately  to  me  from  Cambridge 
(whither  I  had  sent  him  to  see  the  first  placing  of  my  nephew 
Albertus)  through  London,  where  he  could  tell  me  you  were  by 
a  casual  meeting  with  your  coachman,  I  was  truly  sorry  both  to 
understand  it  accidentally,  and  likewise  when  I  was  upon  the  point 
of  resolving  (as  he  can  well  tell  you)  to  have  the  honour  and  comfort 
of  waiting  on  you  in  mine  own  genial  air,  your  mansion  house 
in  Kent.  But  I  hear  about  a  month  hence  you  will  be  there  again, 
and  I  will  plot  in  the  meanwhile  how  to  convey  myself  unto  you  by 
a  little  circuit ;  for  more  than  a  voluntary  and  pleasurable  motion 
doth  now  carry  me  (since  your  Ladyship  is  out  of  Kent)  towards 
Suffolck,  especially  that  I  may  confer  by  the  way  with  an  excellent 
physician  '  inhabitant  in  St.  Edmunds  Burie,  whom  I  brought  myself 
from  Venice,  where  (as  either  I  suppose  or  surmise)  I  first  contracted 
my  infirmity  of  the  spleen,  to  which  the  very  seat  is  generally 
inclined.  And  therefore  their  physicians  (who  commonly  study  the 
inclinations  of  places)  are  the  likeliest  to  understand  the  best 
remedies. 

For  my  particular  (I  thank  my  God)  I  am  free  of  those  extremities 
which  first  assailed  me,  yet  still  troubled  at  times  with  some  uncivil 
remainder,  as  my  said  servant  will  tell  you  ;  and  I  should  be  glad  to 
come  in  all  points  cheerfully  unto  you,  for  I  have  a  world  of  dis- 
course to  unlade,  like  those  that  weed  not  a  garden  till  it  has  grown 
a  wood.  Yet  in  the  reserved  matter,  I  have  not  much  to  say  more 
touching  that  subject  whereof  I  last  wrote  to  your  Ladyship  by  this 
very  bearer.  For  in  truth  I  have  given  it  over  with  a  good  con- 
fidence that  all  is  well  in  the  intentions  on  both  sides,  and  with 
assurance  on  my  inviolate  niece   your  daughter's  part.     And   the 

1  Gaspar  Despot  in  (see  Appendix  III). 


410  LETTERS   OF   WOTTON 

reason  why  I  have  no  more  stirred  in  it  is  an  experience  that  I  had 
long  since  of  being  employed  in  the  like  business  (as  I  shall  tell  your 
Ladyship  when  we  meet)  with  miserable  infelicity.  I  think  silence 
and  rest  doth  oftentimes  more  good  than  physic  and  agitation 
of  nature. 

Glad  I  am  to  hear  that  your  Ladyship  hath  brought  with  you  my 
most  dear  niece  Hester1,  to  whom  my  Lord  her  grandfather  did 
as  great  an  injury  as  he  could  possibly  do,  even  while  he  meant  to 
do  a  greater  :  our  blessed  God  disposeth  of  all  things  sweetly  in  His 
good  time.  And  so  I  end  with  my  continual  prayers  for  His  dearest 
favours  upon  you  and  all  yours. 

Remaining  ever  your  Ladyship's  most  faithful  servant, 

Henry  Wotton. 

511.    To  John  Dynely. 

Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  582,  undated.  The  last  of  the  letters  to  Dynely,  and 
probably  the  last  letter  of  Wotton's  which  has  been  preserved.  For 
date,  see  note  2. 

(August?  1639.) 

Sir, 

I  long  now  to  hear  of  nothing  more  than  a  little  Deyritciolns ; 
and  if  it  prove  of  another  gender  in  grammar,  then  let  philosophy 
comfort  you,  that  says,  it  is  nature's  method  to  begin  ab  imper- 
fection: but  by  my  contemplation  of  your  own  and  your  wife's 
complexion,  and  of  her  late  sickness,  I  should  imagine  that  forth 
ars  trahet  sexum. 

We  are  sorry  to  hear  that  the  Scottish  gentlemen 2,  who  have 
lately  sent  to  that  King,  found  (as  they  say)  but  a  brusk 3  welcome 
which  makes  all  fear  that  there  may  be  a  rebullition  in  that  busines 

We  have  a  new  strange  voice  flying  here,  that  the  Prince  Palatii 
is  towards  a  marriage. 

I  apprehend  much  the  event  of  your  new  ambassage  from  tl 
States,  being  carried  by  a  man  who  hath  had  his  whole  fort  in 
out  of  France  ;  but  the  wisdom  of  the  instrument  may  mollify  all 
I  should  be   glad  to  know  whether  his  son-in-law,  Constantinus 

1  Hester  Wotton  married  Baptist  Noel,  son  of  the  second  Viscount  Campden, 
on  Dec.  31,  1639.  Sir  Henry  Wotton  is  probably  referring  to  the  negotiations 
for  this  marriage  in  the  paragraph  above. 

2  After  the  treaty  of  Berwick  (signed  June  18,  1639)  Charles  complained  that 
some  of  the  stipulations  of  that  treaty  had  not  been  executed  by  the  Scotch.  He 
sent  for  the  covenanting  leaders  to  meet  him  at  Berwick,  and  six  of  them  came 
in  July.     (Gardiner,  ix,  pp.  46,  47.) 

s  '  Brusk,'  old  form  of  •  brusque  '. 


TO   JOHN   DYNELY  411 

Hugeinus  *,  be  in  his  company.  Lastly,  I  should  be  glad  to  hear  that 
you  are  un  tantino  promoved  2  in  your  own  ends  ;  for  when  the  first 
way  is  planed,  all  will  go  smoothly.  Let  us,  howsoever,  love  one 
another,  and  God  love  us  both. 

Your  poor  friend, 

H.  Wotton. 

1  SirConstantin  Huygens  (159G-1687),  the  famous  Dutch  poet  and  diplomatist. 
He  was  frequently  in  England,  and  in  1622  he  was  knighted  by  James  I. 
Huygens  was  an  intimate  friend  of  Donne,  whose  poems  he  translated.  His 
wife  was  Suzanne  van  Baerle,  who  died  in  1637. 

2  '  Promoved,'  arch.,  forwarded.    (Century  Diet.) 


APPENDIX  I 

PROSE   WORKS,   POEMS,   AND   LETTERS    OF 
SIR   HENRY  WOTTON 

A.    COLLECTED  WORKS  AND  LETTERS 


1651. 

I.  Reliquiae  Wottonianae.  Or,  A  Collection  of  Lives,  Letters, 
Poems ;  with  Characters  of  Sundry  Personages :  And  other  Incom- 
parable Pieces  of  Language  and  Art.  By  the  Curious  Pensil  of  the 
Ever  Memorable  Sr  Henry  Wotton  Kt,  Late  Provost  of  Eton  Colledg. 
London,  Printed  by  Thomas  Maxey,  for  R.  Harriot,  G.  Bedel,  and  T. 
Garth  wait.     1651. 

Dedicated  by  Izaak  Walton  to  Mary  Lady  Wotton,  and  to  her  daughters, 
Katherine  Lady  Stanhope,  Margaret  Lady  Tufton,  and  Ann  Lady  Hales. 
Second  edition  '  with  many  additions ',  1654.  The  additions  consist  of  the 
Aphorisms  of  Education,  and  eight  new  letters,  six  addressed  to  the  Duke  of 
Buckingham.  The  letters  and  papers  are  reprinted  in  the  order  of  the  first 
edition,  with  one  exception — a  letter  to  Buckingham  on  p.  409  of  the  first  edition 
being  on  p.  471  in  the  second,  among  the  other  letters  to  Buckingham.  The 
third  edition,  1672,  'with  large  additions,'  is  dedicated  by  Izaak  Walton  to 
Sir  Henry  Wotton's  great  nephew,  Philip,  Second  Earl  of  Chesterfield.  The 
letters  reprinted  from  the  first  and  second  editions  are  rearranged  with  some 
attempt  at  chronological  order,  The  additions  consist  of  'An  Elegie  on  Sir 
Henry  Wotton,  writ  by  Mr.  Abram  Cowley ',  a  translation  of  Wotton's  letter  to 
Welser  (ante,  ii,  p.  9),  a  letter  to  Samuel  Collins  (ibid.,  p.  370),  the  Plausus  et  Vota,  the 
Prae/atio  in  Historiam  Venetam  (ibid.,  p.  254),  Francis  Bacon's  letter  to  Wotton  (ibid., 
p.  204  n.),  the  Letters  to  Sir  Edmund  Bacon,  published  1660,  and  thirty  'Additional 
Letters  to  Several  Persons  ;  Now  just  Published  from  the  Author's  own  copies '. 
Among  these  latter  are  nine  state  papers  connected  with  Wotton's  negotiations 
in  Venice  and  Vienna.  The  fourth  edition  (1685),  published  after  Izaak  Walton's 
death,  is  an  almost  exact  reprint  of  the  third  edition  with  a  new  title-page  ;  and, 
at  the  end,  'Sir  Henry  Wotton's  Letters  to  the  Lord  Zouch.  Collected  from  the 
Originals,  and  Never  published  till  this  present  year,  1685.'  The  first  part  is 
not,  as  it  first  appears,  a  reissue  of  the  third  edition,  as  there  are  a  few  slight 
variations  in  the  printing.     (See  J.  Hannah,  Additions  and  Corrections.) 

1661. 

II.  Letters  of  Sir  Henry  Wotton  to  Sir  Edmund  Bacon. 
London,  Printed  by  R.  W.  for  F.  T.  at  the  three  Daggers  in  Fleet-street. 
1661. 

1850. 

III.  Letters  and  Dispatches  from  Sir  Henry  Wotton  to 
James  I  and  His  Ministers,  in  the  years  mdcxvii-xx.  Printed 
from  the  Originals  in  the  Library  of  Eton  College.  London :  Printed 
by  William  Nicol,   Shakspeare   Press,  mdcccl.     (Roxburghe  Club.) 


APPENDIX  I  413 

1867. 
IV.  Inedited  Correspondence  of  Sir  Henry  Wotton  in  the 
Keign  of  King  James  the  First.  Communicated  to  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  by  C.  Knight  Watson,  Esq.,  M.A.,  Secretary  of  the  Society. 
London  :  J.  B.  Nichols  and  Sons,  Printers,  23  Parliament  Street,  1867. 
(Archaeoloyia,  vol.  xl.) 

B.    SEPARATE  PROSE  WORKS 

1594. 
I.  The  State  of  Christendom  :  Or,  A  most  Exact  and  Curious 
Discovery  of  many  Secret  Passages,  and  Hidden  Mysteries  of  the  Times. 
Written  by  the  Renowned  Sr  Henry  Wotton,  Kfc.  Ambassadour  in 
Ordinary  to  the  most  Serene  Republique  of  Venice,  and  late  Provost  of 
Eaton  Colledg.  London,  Printed  for  Humphrey  Moseley,  and  are  to  be 
sold  at  his  Shop  at  the  Prince's  Arms  in  St.  Paul's  Church-yard,  1657. 
(Issued  with  new  title-page,  1667.) 

1613. 

II  (?).  Character  of  Robert,  late  Earl  of  Salisbury.  Burley  MS.  f.  1, 
transcript ;  S.  P.  Dom.  J  as.  I,  lxix,  f.  59.    See  Appendix  IV. 

1624. 

III.  The  Elements  of  Architecture.  Collected  by  Sir  Henry 
Wotton  K*  from  the  best  Authors  and  Examples.  London,  printed  by 
John  Bill,  mdcxxiv. 

Reprinted  Reliq.,  1st  ed.  p.  192;  2nd  ed.  p.  175;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  1  ;  Somers 
Tracts,  2nd  collection,  1750,  i,  p.  262 ;  2nd  ed.  1809,  iii,  p.  601  ;  at  the  Chiswick 
Press,  for  Miss  S.  T.  Prideaux,  Longmans,  Green  &  Co.,  1903.  Latin  translation, 
Elementa  Architecture,  Colkcta  ab  Henrico  Wottonio,  Equite,  in  M.  Vitruvii  Pollionis 
De  Architectura  Libri  Decern,  ed.  Ioanne  de  Laet,  Amsterdam,  1649,  pp.  1-30. 

1630? 

IV.  A  Philosophicall  Surveigh  of  Education,  or  Moral  Archi- 
tecture. By  Sir  Henry  Wotton  K*.  Provost  of  Eton  Colledg.  Reliq., 
1st  ed.  p.  309  ;  2nd  ed.  p.  281  ;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  72. 

V.  The  Aphorisms  of  Education.  Reliq.,  2nd  ed.  p.  305  ;  3rd 
and  4th  eds.  p.  86. 

1633. 

VI.  Ad  Regem  E  Scotia  Reducem  Henrici  Wottonii  Plausus 
et  Vota.    Londini  Excusum  Typis  August.  Malthusii  Anno  cuiocxxxni. 

K-  printed  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.  p.  113.  English  translation,  '  A  Panegyrick  of  King 
Charles  ;  Being  Observations  upon  the  Inclination,  Life,  and  Government  of  our 
Sovereign  Lord  the  King.  Written  by  Sir  Hen.  Wotton  Knight  (Provost  of 
Eaton  Colledg)  a  little  before  his  death.' 

Printed  for  Richard  Marriot;  London,  1649.  Reprinted  with  the  description, 
'And  now  Englished  by  a  Friend  of  the  Authours.'  Reliq.,  1st  ed.  p.  125;  2nd  ed. 
I>.  123 ;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  135.     Also  in  Monarchia  Britannica,  Oxford,  1681. 

1633? 

VII.  A  Parallell  betweene  Robert  late  Earle  of  Essex,  and 
George  late  Duke  of  Buckingham.  Written  by  Sir  Henry  Wotton, 
Knight,  &c,  1641. 

Reprinted  with  title  'Of  Robert  Dcvereux,  Earl  of  Essex  ;  and  George  Villiers, 
Luke  of  Buckingham  :  Some  Observations  by  way  of  ParaUll  in  the  time  of  their 


414  APPENDIX   I 


.  p.  161  ; 


estates  of  favour'.  Reliq.,  1st  ed.  p.  1 ;  2nd  ed.  p.  3  ;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p. 
Somers  Tracts,  2nd  collection,  1750,  i,  p.  385";  ibid.,  2nd  ed.  1809,  iv,  p.  151 ;  Memoirs 
of  the  Life  of  Robert  Bevereux  Earl  of  Essex,  1753,  p.  4  ;  also  'At  the  Private  Press  of 
Lee  Priory  1814 '  (by  Sir  Robert  Egerton  Brydges). 

('The  Difference  and  Disparity  between  the  Estates  and  Conditions  of  George 
Duke  of  Buckingham,  and  Robert  Earl  of  Essex.  By  Sir  Henry  Wotton  Knight ; 
and  dedicated  to  the  Earl  of  Portland.'  Reliq.,  1st  and  2nd  eds.  p.  37,  is  correctly 
described  in  the  Reliq.,  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  184,  as  'Written  by  the  Earl  of 
Clarendon  in  his  younger  dayes '.) 

1633  P 

VIII.  A  Short  View  of  the  Life  and  Death  of  Geo.  Villiers, 
Duke  of  Buckingham.  Written  by  Sir  Henry  Wotton,  Knight,  late 
Provost  of  Eaton  Colledge.     London,  printed  for  William  Sheares,  1642. 

Reprinted  Reliq.,  1st  and  2nd  eds.  p.  71  ;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  206 ;  Harleian 
Miscellany,  1746,  vol.  viii,  p.  558;  ibid.  1811,  vol.  viii,  p.  613. 

1636. 

IX.  A  Concept  Of  some  Observations  intended  upon  Things  most 
Remarkable  in  the  Civil  History  of  this  Kingdom ;  and  likewise  in  the 
State  of  the  Church,  From  the  Norman  Invasion,  till  the  Twelfth  yeer 
of  our  vertuous  Soveraign,  Charles  The  First,  whom  God  have  in 
his  precious  Custody.  Reliq.,  1st  ed.  p.  163;  2nd  ed.  p.  148;  3rd  and 
4th  eds.  p.  1 00.  '  The  Preface  to  my  said  Discourse,'  Gutch,  Collectanea, 
i,  p.  215.  

X.  Henrici  VIti  Angliae  et  Galliarum  Regis,  Hiberniae  Domini, 
Etonensis  ad  Tamesin  Collegii  Conditoris,  Vita  et  Excessus.  Scriptore 
Henrico  Wottonio  Anglo-Cantiano  Ejusdem  Collegii  Praefecto.  Reliq., 
1st  ed.  p.  480  ;  2nd  ed.  p.  438  ;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  108. 

1638. 

XI.  The  Great  Action  between  Pompey  and  Caesar,  Extracted  out  of 
the  Roman  and  Graecian  Writers.  By  H.  W.  K*.  for  an  Historicall 
Exercise.    Reliq.,  1st  ed.p.  337;  2nd  ed.  p.  305;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  239. 


XII.  A  Meditation  upon  the  XXIItn  Chapter  of  Genesis.      By  H. 
Reliq.,  1st  ed.  p.  343  ;  2nd  ed.  p.  311  ;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  265. 


■ 


XIII.  A  Meditation  upon  Christmas  Day.  Of  the  Birth  and  Pilgrimage 
of  our  Saviour  Christ  on  Earth.  Reliq.,  1st  ed.  p.  351  ;  2nd  ed.  p.  319  ; 
3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  269. 

XIV.  A  Brief  Discourse  Concerning  the  Emperors  Election,'  the 
Netherlands,  and  the  Low  Countries'  Greatness,  with  some  other  affairs 
of  State.     Written  by  Sir  Henry  Wotton  Kt.     Rawl.  MS.  A  141,  f.  66. 


XV.  Italian   Authors   selected   and   censured   by  Sir  Hen.   Wotton. 
Tanner  MS.  lxxxii,  f.  142.     See  Appendix  IV. 


{Concerning  Duellos  in  Spaine,  by  Sir  Henry  Wotton,  Stowe  3IS.  569, 
f.  70,  is  wrongly  attributed  to  Wotton' s  authorship,  being  written  by 
some  one  who  had  long  been  a  resident  in  Spain.) 


APPENDIX   I  415 

C.     POEMS  BY  SIR  HENRY  WOTTON 

Wi.t ton's  collected  poems  were  printed  in  the  first  and  subsequent 
editions  of  the  Reliquiae.  They  were  reprinted  Poems  l>y  Sir  Henry 
Wotton,  edited  by  the  Rev.  Alexander  Dyce  :  London  for  the  Percy 
Society  mdcccxliii;  Poems  by  Sir  Henry  Wotton  Sir  Walter  Rale'ujh 
and  others  edited  by  the  Rev.  John  Hannah,  M.A.,  late  Fellow  of  Lin- 
coln College,  Oxford:  London,  William  Pickering,  1845,  subsequently 
reprinted  under  title  of  Courtly  Poets,  with  some  of  the  notes  omitted, 
1870. 

I.  A  Poem  Written  by  Sir  Henry  Wotton,  in  His  Youth.  Poetical 
Rapsody  (Francis  Davison),  1602;  Reliq.,  1st  ed.  p.  516;  2nd  ed. 
p.  491  ;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  377;  Poems  of  Pembroke  arid  Ruddier, 
1660,  p.  34,  described  as  Verses  made  by  Sir  B.  R.  (Sir  Benjamin 
Rudyard). 

II.  Sir  Henry  Wotton,  and  Serjeant  Hoskins,  Riding  on  the  way. 
Reliq.,  1st  ed.  p.  517 ;   2nd  ed.  p.  492 ;   3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  378. 

III.  A  Dialogue  Between  Sir  Henry  Wotton  and  Mr.  Donne.  Poems 
by  J.  D.,  2nd  ed.  1635,  p.  195. 

1609  P 

IV.  This  Hymn  was  made  by  Sr  H.  Wotton,  when  he  was  an 
Ambassadour  at  Venice,  in  the  time  of  a  great  Sickness  there.  Reliq., 
1st  ed.  p.  529 ;  2nd  ed.  p.  505 ;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  389. 

1613  P 

A'.  The  Character  of  a  Happy  Life.  Overbury's  Wife,  5th  ed.  1614; 
ReUq.,  1st  ed.  p.  522  ;  2nd  ed.  p.  498  ;   3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  383. 

1615. 

VI.  Upon  the  sudden  Restraint  of  the  Earle  of  Somerset,  then  falling 
from  favour.  Reliq.,  1st  ed.  p.  522 ;  2nd  ed.  p.  497;  3rd  and  4th  eds. 
p.  383. 

1620. 

VII.  On  his  Mistress,  the  Queen  of  Bohemia.  Michael  East,  Tlie  Sixt 
Set  of  Bookes,  1624;  Reliq.,  1st  ed.  p.  518;  2nd  ed.  p.  493;  3rd  and 
4th  eds.  p.  379.  

VIII.  To  a  Noble  Friend  in  his  Sickness  (the  Duke  of  Buckingham  ?). 
Reliq.,  1st  ed.  p.  519 ;  2nd  ed.  p.  494 ;   3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  380. 

1625. 

IX.  Tears  at  the  Grave  of  Sir  Albertus  Morton  (who  was  buried  at 
Southampton)  Wept  by  Sir  H.  Wotton.  Reliq.,  1st  ed.  p.  528 ;  2nd  ed. 
p.  503 ;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  388. 

1626. 

X.  Upon  the  Death  of  Sir  Albert  Morton's  "Wife.  Reliq.,  1st  ed. 
p.  529 ;  2nd  ed.  p.  504 ;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  pp.  389,  560. 

1630. 

XL  A  Short  Hymn  upon  the  Birth  of  Prince  Charles.  Reliq.,  1st  ed. 
p.  519  ;  2nd  ed.  p.  494;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  381. 


416  APPENDIX   I 

1633. 
XII.  An  Ode  to  the  King,  At  his  Returning  from  Scotland  to  the 
Queen:    after  his  Coronation  there.     Reliq.,   1st  ed.  p.   521;    2nd  ed. 
p.  496  ;   3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  382. 


XIII.  A  Translation  of  the  CIV  Psalm  to  the  Originall  Sense.  Reliq., 
1st  ed.  p.  525  ;  2nd  ed.  p.  500 ;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  385. 

1637. 

XIV.  A  Hymn  to  my  Grod  in  a  night  of  my  late  Sicknesse.  Reliq., 
1st  ed.  p.  515;  2nd  ed.  p.  470;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  362. 

1639. 

XV.  On  a  Banck,  as  I  sate  a  Fishing,  A  Description  of  the  Spring. 
Reliq.,  1st  ed.  p.  524;  2nd  ed.  p.  499;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  384; 
Walton's  Compleat  Angler  (1655),  p.  60. 


XVI.  To  the  rarely  accomplishd,  and  worthy  of  best  employment, 
Master  Howel,  upon  his  Vocall  Forrest.  James  Howell's  AENAPO- 
AOriA.     Dodona's  Grove,  or  the  Vocall  Forest,  1640. 

Doubtful  Poems. 

XVII.  A  Description  of  the  Country's  Recreations.  Reliq.,  1st  ed. 
p.  531;  2nd  ed.  p.  506;  3rd  and  4th  eds.  p.  390;  Izaak  Walton's 
Compleat  Angler,  1655,  p.  348. 

XVIII.  A  Farewell  to  the  Vanities  of  the  World.  Compleat  Angler, 
1655,  p.  350,  there  described  'some  say  written  by  Dr.  D.'  (Donne).  In 
the  third  edition,  however,  this  is  changed  to  '  some  say  written  by 
Sir  Harry  Wotton,  who  I  told  you,  was  an  excellent  Angler',  p.  251. 


APPENDIX  I 


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APPENDIX    I  431 


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Nov.  11, 1616  N.S. 
Nov.  21,  1616  N.S. 
Nov.  25,  1616  N.S. 
Dec.  2,  1616  N.S. 
Dec.  9,  1616  N.S. 
Dec.  9,  1616  N.S. 
Dec.  15,  1616  N.S. 
Dec.  16,  1616  N.S. 
Jan.  6,  1617  N.S. 
Jan.  11,  1617  N.S. 
Jan.  26,  1617  N.S. 
Jan.  26,  1617  N.S.  . 
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Feb.  10,  1617  N.S.  . 
Feb.  17,  1617  N.S.  . 
Feb.  24,  1617  N.S.  . 
Feb.  24,  1617  N.S. 
March  24,  1617  N.S 
April  14,  1617  N.S. 
April  18,  1617  N.S. 
April  21,  1617  N.S. 
April  21,  1617  N.S. 
April  24,  1617  N.S. 
(May  5,  1617  N.S.) 
May  5,  1617  N.S. 

APPENDIX   I  439 


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446 


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448 


APPENDIX   I 


Language. 

English 

English 

English 

Latin 

English 

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3 
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S.  P.  Ven.  XXIV,  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.  p.  247 
S.  P.  Ven.  XXIV.      . 
S.  P.  Ven.  XXIV.     .        .          — 
S.  P.  Ven.  XXIV,  Reliq.,  3rd  ed.  p.  249 
Reliq.,  2nd  ed.  p.  484 

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S.  P.  Ven.  XXIV. 

S.  P.  Ven.  XXV 

S.  P.  Ven.  XXV. 

S.  P.  Ven.  XXV. 

Reliq.,  Is 

Reliq.,  Is 

C.C.C.  MS.  318/39,  j. 

S.  P.  Ven.  XXV 

S.  P.  Veil.  XXV. 

S.  P.  Ven.  XXV. 

S.  P.  Ven.  XXV. 

S.  P.  Ven.  XXV. 

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APPENDIX   I  449 


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452 


APPENDIX    I 


I 


A  A 


tc 


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APPENDIX  II 

THE  STATE  OF  CHRISTENDOM:   DATE  AND  AUTHORSHIP. 

This  work,  which  is  prefaced  by  an  unsigned  address  '  To  the  Judicious 
Fieader',  begins  by  stating  that  the  author,  having  lived  many  years 
abroad  in  exile  and  banishment,  began  to  despair  of  his  long-desired 
return  into  his  native  country  of  England,  and  to  consider  by  what 
means  he  might  recover  his  liberty.  He  first  thought  of  killing  some 
banished  traitor,  but  the  fear  of  detection,  and  of  the  terror  of  conscience, 
and  the  infamy  that  would  follow  such  a  deed  made  both  his  heart  and 
hand  abhor  an  action  of  this  kind.  'That  day/  he  continues,  ■  should 
have  been  more  joyful  unto  me  than  the  day  of  my  birth  and  nativity, 
wherein  I  might  have  seen  a  Letter  from  any  of  my  friends,  with 
assurance  of  my  pardon  to  call  me  home.  .  .  .  Whilest  I  lived  in  this 
perplexity,  I  hapned  (by  chance)  to  meet  with  an  honest  and  kind 
English  Gentleman,  who  was  Litely  come  out  of  Italy,  and  meant  to 
sojourn  a  few  moneths  in  France,  and  then  to  return  into  England;  He 
knew  both  me  and  my  friends  very  well :  And  although  his  License 
forbad  him  to  converse  with  any  Fugitives,  yet  hearing  (by  common  and 
credible  report)  that  I  was  not  so  malicious  as  the  rest  of  my  Countrey- 
men,  but  lived  only  for  my  conscience  abroad,  he  adventured  now  and 
then  to  use  my  company,  and  with  me,  and  in  my  hearing,  to  use  greater 
liberty  of  speech  than  with  any  other  of  our  nation.'  The  author  adds  that 
he  told  his  plight  to  this  English  gentleman,  who  replied  that  since  he  had 
come  out  of  England  he  had  heard  of  many  political  questions  that  he 
would  like  to  be  able  to  answer  when  he  returned.  'If  you  be  as  willing,' 
he  said,  'as  I  know  you  are  able,  to  frame  me  a  good  and  sufficient 
answer  to  all  that  I  have  heard,  all  the  friends  which  I  have  in  England 
shall  fail  me,  but  that  I  will  purchase  your  return  home  with  credit  and 
countenance.'  He  then  stated  the  points  about  which  he  wanted  informa- 
tion. These  concerned  practically  the  whole  of  the  history  of  the  latter 
half  of  the  sixteenth  century ;  the  wars  in  the  Low  Countries  and  France, 
the  policy  of  Spain,  and,  above  all,  he  wished  for  a  justification  of  the 
acts  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  her  leagues  with  the  Low  Countries  and 
Henry  III,  the  execution  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  the  proceedings  against 
the  Catholics,  the  Portugal  voyage,  &c,  &c.  _  He  wished,  in  short,  to 
hear  more  '  In  praise  of  my  Countrey,  and  in  disgrace  of  Spain ;  in  com- 
mendation of  our  Princess,  and  in  dispraise  of  the  Spaniard.'  '  ^  our 
credit  with  Cardinal  Allen,'  he  added,  'your  acquaintance  with  Morgan, 
your  Friendship  with  Thomas  Throgmorton,  your  conversation  with 
Charles  Pagett,  and  your  long  experience  in  forraign  affairs  hath  un- 
doubtedly enabled  you  to  give  me  a  full  satisfaction  to  all  these  demands.' 

The  treatise  that  follows  is  written  by  the  author  in  answer  to  these 
requests.     As  Henry  Wotton  was  in  exile  in  1600  and  1601.  nfter  the 


456  APPENDIX   II 

disgrace  of  Essex,  it  lias  always  been  believed  that  the  State  of  Christen- 
dom was  written  at  this  time,  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  his  return  to 
England.  This  assumption  first  appears  in  the  Biographia  Britannica 
(Izaak  Walton  does  not  mention  the  book),  and  has  been  accepted  by 
Dr.  Ward,  Mr.  Fox,  and  Mr.  Sidney  Lee.  Numberless  references, 
however,  in  the  book  prove  that  it  was  written,  not  in  1600  or  1601, 
but  in  1594.  Philip  II  (who  died  in  1598)  is  spoken  of  throughout  as 
being  still  alive,  though  grown  old  (pp.  53,  132,  134,  215,  238,  257,  &c). 
Elizabeth  is  said  to  be  sixty  years  old  (p.  87),  and  to  have  reigned 
thirty-six  years  (p.  188),  Henry  IV  is  fighting  with  the  League,  Don 
Antonio  of  Portugal  is  still  living  (p.  59).  Many  other  references  could 
be  adduced,  but  there  are  two  wThich  fix  within  narrow  limits  the  date  of 
the  composition  of  the  book.  The  author  mentions  the  supposed  plot  of 
Dr.  Lopez  to  poison  Queen  Elizabeth  (p.  144),  and  writes  of  the  Arch- 
duke Ernestus  as  having  been  recently  sent  to  be  Governor  of  the 
Netherlands,  and  as  being  then  alive.  The  trial  of  Dr.  Lopez  took 
place  in  Feb.,  1594;  Ernestus  died  at  Brussels  (where  he  had  arrived 
in  Jan.,  1594)  in  Feb.,  1595.  The  State  of  Christendom  was  therefore 
written  between  these  dates,  and  the  references  to  the  age  and  reign  of 
Queen  Elizabeth  place  its  composition  within  the  year  1594. 

Mr.  Charles  Hughes,  who  independently  arrived  at  this  conclusion, 
and  first  published  it  {Athenaeum,  June  18,  1904),  draws  the  inference 
that,  the  book  being  autobiographical,  Wotton  was  already  a  ■  political 
suspect '  at  this  time,  and  had,  by  associating  with  Catholic  plotters, 
himself  fallen  under  a  suspicion  of  treachery  which  precluded  his  return 
to  England.  It  is  true,  indeed,  that,  as  I  have  already  said,  such  sus- 
picions were  easily  incurred,  and  in  1592  there  was  apparently  a  plot 
to  implicate  Wotton  in  something  of  this  kind  {ante,  i,  pp.  20-1).  But 
there  is  not  the  slightest  hint  in  his  early  letters  that  he  was  in  disgrace, 
or  unable  to  return  to  England.  He  had  originally  intended  to  end  his 
first  sojourn  abroad  in  the  spring  of  1594  (ibid.  p.  298);  he  remained, 
indeed,  at  Geneva  till  nearly  the  end  of  August  in  that  year,  but  the 
delay  had  apparently  no  other  cause  beyond  the  want  of  funds  for 
travelling.  But  a  stronger  argument  against  the  assumption  of  Mr. 
Hughes  is  the  fact  that  autobiographical  remarks  in  the  State  of  Christen- 
dom cannot  safely  be  taken  as  statements  of  the  facts  of  Henry  Wotton's 
life.  Several  of  them,  indeed,  are  quite  incompatible  with  the  known 
facts  of  his  history.  For  instance,  on  p.  154,  after  speaking  of  the 
election  of  Stephen  Bathori  to  the  throne  of  Poland,  he  writes :  '  When 
I  was  in  Italy,  I  remember  that  it  was  a  fresh  newes  that  the  Polacks 
had  sent  an  ambassador  unto  the  Pope  to  excuse  their  sudden  choice  of 
their  new  King.  .  .  .  This  Ambassador  passed  by  Padua  where  I  saw  him.' 
Bathori  was  elected  King  of  Poland  in  1575,  when,  after  the  death  of 
Charles  IX,  Henry  III  succeeded  to  the  throne  of  France.  At  this  time 
Wotton  was  seven  years  old.  On  p.  1 70  the  author  refers  to  a  conversation 
with  Sir  Henry  Cobham  in  France.  Sir  Henry  Cobham  was  ambassador 
at  Paris  from  1579  to  1583,  when  Henry  Wotton  was  a  schoolboy  at 
Winchester.  Again,  on  pp.  46  and  50  the  author  mentions  his  being  at 
Orleans  *  of  late  years ',  while  the  history  of  Wotton's  movements  pre- 
vious to  1594  leaves  little  room  for  a  visit  to  France,  unless,  indeed,  he 
passed  through  that  country  on  his  first  journey  to  Italy. 


APPENDIX   II  457 

There  are  two  possible  explanations  of  this  puzzle,  neither  of  which, 
however,  is  exempt  from  difficulty.  The  first  (to  which  I  shall  return) 
is  that  Wotton  wrote  the  book  under  an  assumed  character.  This,  on 
the  whole,  I  think  the  most  likely  explanation.  But  an  alternative 
Bt ion  has  presented  itself  to  my  mind,  and  as  I  am  not  able  to 
dismiss  it  entirely,  I  will  state  it  here,  and  the  arguments  that  could 
be  brought  to  support  it.  The  explanation  is  this,  that  the  State  of 
Christendom  was  not  written  by  Wotton  at  all,  but  by  some  political 
exile  whom  he  met  at  Geneva.  Wotton,  according  to  this  hypothesis, 
would  be  '  the  honest  and  kind  English  Gentleman '  who  had  lately  come 
out  of  Italy,  was  to  spend  a  few  months  in  France  (Geneva  was  regarded 
at  this  time  as  being  in  France),  and  then  to  return  to  England.  The 
political  exile  wrote  the  treatise,  Wotton  took  it  to  England  ;  the  original, 
or  a  copy,  remained  among  his  papers,  was  found  after  his  death,  and 
published  under  his  name.  The  author,  then  (if  we  assume  that  a  young 
Englishman  was  not  likely  to  travel  in  Italy  before  the  age  of  twenty), 
was  a  man  twelve  or  thirteen  years  older  than  Wotton,  who  had  lived 
'  many  years  in  voluntary  exile  and  banishment ',  no  doubt  for  religious 
reasons,  and  was  now  anxious  to  make  his  peace  with  the  home  authorities, 
and  to  procure  permission  to  return  to  England.  This  would  explain 
the  statement  that  the  author  was  at  Padua  about  1575,  and  saw  Sir 
Henry  Cobham  at  Paris.  But  the  strongest  argument  for  this  hypothesis 
is  the  style  in  which  the  State  of  Christendom  is  written,  a  style  for 
which  no  analogies  can  be  found  in  the  better-known  English  writings 
from  Wotton's  pen.  Wotton's  style  in  almost  all  his  authentic  works 
has  the  meditative,  leisurely  character  of  seventeenth  century  prose,  while 
the  State  of  Christendom  is  written  in  the  eloquent,  rhetorical,  euphuistic 
manner  of  the  Elizabethan  age.  It  must  be  remembered,  however,  that 
we  possess  no  set  work  of  Wotton's  written  before  the  Elements  of  Archi- 
tecture in  1624,  but  only  letters,  and  that  almost  all  the  stray  pieces  in 
the  Reliquiae  are  cast  more  or  less  in  the  epistolary  form.  That  Wotton, 
however,  was  capable  of  writing  in  a  more  heightened  and  rhetorical 
style,  is  proved  by  his  carefully  prepared  speeches  delivered  in  the 
Collegio  at  Venice,  by  the  glowing  Latin  of  his  Plausus  et  Vota,  his 
welcome  to  Charles  I  after  he  returned  from  Scotland  in  1633,1  and  by 
two  little  pieces  of  dramatic  writing  printed  in  the  Reliquiae,  A  Medita- 
tion upon  the  Tiventy-second  Chapter  of  Genesis  and  A  Meditation  upon 
Christmas  Day.2  On  the  evidence,  therefore,  of  style,  it  would  not  be 
safe  to  reject  the  possibility  of  Wotton's  authorship,  especially  when  we 
consider  that  a  young  man,  in  his  first  ambitious  work,  would  be  likely 
to  imitate  the  manner  of  writing  fashionable  among  his  contemporaries. 

And  there  is  a  certain  amount  of  internal  evidence  in  the  book  which 
makes  it  seem  likely  that  it  was  written  by  Wotton.  The  author  ends 
the  first  part  with  the  promise  to  write  more  fully  of  the  subjects  he  had 
treated  at  some  future  time,  'When  years  shall  have  encreased  my  slender 
Experience,  and  Experience  shall  have  perfected  my  simple  Knowledge.' 3 
A  phrase  like  this  would  well  describe  Wotton  at  twenty-six,  but  could 
hardly  have  been  used  by  an  exile  who  had  been  nearly  twenty  years  on 
the  Continent. 

1  Reliquiae,  4th  ed.,  p.  113.  3  Ibid.,  pp.  265-72.  3  Ibid.,  p.  262. 


458  APPENDIX   II 

Stronger  evidence  is  contained  in  the  '  Supplement '  to  the  State  of 
Christendom,  which  the  author  begins  as  follows:  'After  I  had  thorowly 
(as  I  thought)  finished  my  task,  and  had  discoursed  upon  every  point 
thereof  in  such  manner  as  you  see ;  of  some  briefly,  and  of  diverse  more 
at  large :  I  hapned  upon  a  Book  called  Podaces  de  Historia ;  that  is  to 
say,  The  Fragments  of  an  History :  The  which  was  lately  Imprinted  and 
Written  (as  it  is  supposed)  by  A?itonio  Peres,  sometimes  Secretary  unto 
the  King  of  Spain,  and  now  residing  in  London.'  Wotton,  as  we  have 
seen,  returned  to  England  late  in  1594,  and  within  a  few  months  was 
taken  into  the  service  of  Essex.  Antonio  Perez  {ante,  i,  p.  30)  was  also 
at  this  time  in  England  in  the  service  of  Essex,  and  lived  with  him  at 
Essex  House.  Late  in  1595,  when  Essex  had  sent  Perez  to  Paris, 
Wotton  was  sent  to  join  him  there.  The  Relaciones  of  Perez  contains 
a  defence  of  his  action  in  the  murder  of  Escobado,  and  was  published  in 
the  autumn  of  1594.1  The  'Supplement'  to  the  State  of  Christendom 
contains  a  criticism  and  justification  of  this  defence,  and  the  intimate 
association  of  Wotton  and  Perez  make  it  probable  that  Wotton  would 
write  in  defence  of  the  Spaniard.  He  may,  indeed,  have  been  requested 
to  do  so  by  Essex,  who  was  much  criticized  for  extending  his  patronage 
and  friendship  to  the  Spanish  renegade. 

In  the  subject-matter  of  the  book  there  is,  moreover,  a  large  amount 
of  evidence  tending  to  prove  that  it  was  written  by  Henry  Wotton.  The 
author  writes  throughout  as  a  Protestant,  and  makes  no  suggestion 
of  any  recantation  of  former  errors ;  while  in  favour  of  religious  liberty, 
he  is  opposed  to  religious  disputes,  and  indeed  suggests,  what  Wotton 
so  often  afterwards  urged,  that  religious  controversies  might  be  sup- 
pressed by  the  civil  authority  (p.  131);  he  speaks  of  himself  as  a  '  civilian' 
(i.e.,  a  student  of  Civil  Law,  p.  30);  he  has  been  in  Venice  (p.  199);  he 
shows  familiarity  with  Kentish  usages  (p.  29);  he  possesses  a  wide 
knowledge  of  the  classics,  and  mentions  books  we  know  Wotton  to  have 
studied,  De  la  Noue,  Francois  Hotman,  and  the  historians  of  the  German 
Empire,  and  he  uses  a  certain  number  of  phrases  which  afterwards  recur 
in  Wotton's  letters,  or  in  the  notes  of  Table  Talk,  printed  in  Appendix  IV.2 

On  the  whole,  therefore,  until  further  evidence  is  forthcoming,  the 
weight  of  evidence  is,  I  think,  in  favour  of  Wotton's  authorship  of  this 

1  This  book  was  published  under  the  name  of  Raphael  Peregrino,  Pedacos  de 
Historia  6  Relaciones  assy  llamddas  por  sus  Autores  los  Peregrinos,  &c.  The  place  of 
publication  is  given  as  Leon.  There  is  no  date,  and  it  is  supposed  to  have  been 
printed  in  1592.  My  reason  for  believing  that  it  was  published  in  1594  is  based 
on  the  following  statements  from  the  unsigned  letters  in  the  Florence  archives: 
Oct.  26,  1594,  '  Questo  Signore  Antonio  Perez,  che  e  qua,  ha  fatto  un  libro  in  sua 
difesa'.  Nov.  9,  1594,  '  II  Signore  Antonio  Perez  ha  fatto  stampar  un  libro  .  .  . 
ma  non  si  stima  poi,  non  pare  che  sene  creda  molto.'  {Arch.  Med.  4185,  f. 
268,  270.) 

2  State  of  Christendom,  p.  104,  'For  Embassadours  are  (as  Ph.  de  Comines  said 
very  well)  but  honourable  espies '  (cf.  ii,  p.  237).  P.  13,  '  But  because  many 
things  in  outward  appearance  seem  good,  which  indeed,  are  nought,  and  vitious  ; 
not  only  in  this  Age,  but  also  in  times  past,  are  and  have  been  baptised  by  name  of 
vertues ;  It  is  now  and  it  hath  always  been  usual  to  deem  all  things  honest  that  are 
profitable.'  Cf.  Wotton  to  Casaubon,  Dec.  12,  1596,  4  imponamus  peccatis  nostris 
honestiora  nomina '  (i,  p.  303).  P.  98,  '  Leagues  are  of  no  longer  continuance 
than  there  is  some  profit  or  commodity  arising  or  proceeding  from  them.'  Cf. 
Table  Talk  below,  p.  491,  'Leagues  and  contracts  of  Princes  last  no  longer  than 
the  causes  for  which  they  are  made.1 


APPENDIX   II 


459 


book.  But  as  I  have  pointed  out,  the  author's  remarks  about  himself 
are  not  to  be  taken  as  statements  of  the  facts  of  Henry  Wotton 's  life. 
Tht'  book  was  written  under  an  assumed  character;  Wotton  put  his  own 
ideas  about  politics  into  the  form  of  a  treatise,  supposed  to  have  been 
composed  by  a  political  fugitive  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  permission 
to  return  to  England.  This  innocent  disguise  gave  a  certain  point  and 
dramatic  character  to  his  work,  and  Wotton,  as  Dr.  Ward  points  out, 
always  retained  a  taste  for  dramatic  composition  (Ward,  p.  12). 


APPENDIX  III 

NOTES  ON  SIR  HENRY  WOTTON'S  FRIENDS, 
CORRESPONDENTS,  AND  ASSOCIATES. 

The  following  notes  do  not  pretend  to  be  complete  biographies  of  the 
persons  mentioned ;  the  lives  of  many  of  them  will  be  found  in  the  Dictionary 
of  National  Biography,  and  I  have,  in  most  of  these  cases,  thought  it  only 
necessary  to  supplement  these  accounts  with  new  information.  For  the 
others,  I  have  simply  put  in  chronological  order  such  facts  as  have  come 
under  my  notice  in  the  course  of  my  investigations. 

Bacon,  Sir  Edmund  (1566-1649),  was  the  eldest  son  of  Sir 
Nicholas  Bacon,  the  first  Baronet,  and  grandson  of  Queen  Elizabeth's 
Lord  Keeper.  He  was  educated  at  Eton,  and  married  Philippa,  daughter 
of  Edward  Lord  Wotton.  He  was  knighted  before  1605,  succeeded  his 
father  as  second  Baronet  in  1 624,  and  died  s.p.  in  1 649.  He  was  admitted 
to  Gray's  Inn  on  Nov.  14,  1586  (Foster,  Gray's  Inn,  p.  69).  Five  letters 
written  by  him  are  printed  in  the  Correspondence  of  Jane  Lady  Corn- 
wallis  (pp.  161,  189,  190,  193,  254).  His  autograph  signature  is 
affixed  to  a  letter  from  himself  and  Sir  Roger  North  to  the  Council 
(April  1,  1633)  in  S.  P.  Dom.  Charles  I,  ccxxxvi.  No.  1.  His  will  is 
printed  in  Wills  from  the  Register  of  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  &c,  Camden 
Soc.  1850,  p.  211.  In  1605  Sir  Edmund  Bacon  went  to  Spa  accompanied 
by  Joseph  Hall,  who  lived  at  Halstead  near  Redgrave,  and  whose  patroness, 
Lady  Drury  (wife  of  Sir  Robert  Drury),  was  Bacon's  sister.  HalFs 
account  of  the  journey  is  printed  in  his  Observations  of  Some  Specialties 
of  Divine  Providence  in  the  Life  of  Joseph  Hall,  &c.  (Hall's  Works, 
Oxford,  1837,  i,  jjp.  xix-xxiv).  One  of  Hall's  Epistles,  Of  the  Benefits 
of  Retiredness  and  Secrecy,  is  addressed  to  Sir  Edmund  Bacon  {Epistles 
by  Joseph  Hall,  London,  1608,  Bk.  II,  Ep.  ii,  p.  121). 

The  first  mention  of  Sir  Edmund  Bacon  in  Wotton's  correspondence  is 
in  a  letter  to  Sir  Thomas  Edmondes  of  Dec.  2,  1605  (Stowe  MS.  168, 
f.  267).  The  earliest  letter  from  Wotton  to  Bacon  that  has  been 
preserved  is  dated  April  2,  1611.  Sir  Edmund  Bacon  was  perhaps 
Wotton's  most  intimate  friend;  they  wTere  almost  of  the  same  age, 
related  by  marriage,  and  had  many  tastes  in  common,  as  Wotton's 
letters  to  him  show.  From  these  letters,  from  Bacon's  will,  and  from 
Joseph  Hall's  Epistle,  we  get  the  impression  of  a  rich  and  cultivated 
and  leisurely  country  gentleman,  living  in  the  old  family  house  of 
Redgrave,  and  occupying  himself  with  the  management  of  his  estates, 
scientific  and  artistic  experiments  and  studies,  and  learned  talk,  with 
occasional  visits  to  London  or  to  Wotton  at  Eton.  Wotton  speaks  of 
1  the  incomparable  delight '  of  his  conversation  ;  Hall  describes  him  as 
'  full  of  friends ',  and  living  in  voluntary  retirement  in  his  '  Philosophical 
Cell '  his  '  sanctuary  of  peace  ',  sheltered  '  from  tumults,  from  vices,  from 


APPENDIX   III  461 

discontentments ',  free  from  '  the  glorious  misery '  of  the  world,  and 
delighting  in  '  that  lively,  honest,  and  manly  pleasure  which  arises  from 
the  gain  of  knowledge  in  the  deep  mysteries  of  nature '.  f  The  world 
knows  you  and  wants  you ;  and  yet  you  are  voluntarily  hid,'  he  concludes. 

Bacon,  Francis,  Viscount  St.  Albans,  must  be  counted  among  Sir 
Henry  Wotton's  friends  and  correspondents,  though  only  one  letter  from 
Bacon  to  Wotton,  and  one  from  Wotton  to  Bacon  have  been  preserved 
(ante,  ii.  p.  204).  They  seem,  however,  to  have  corresponded  more  or 
less  regularly,  and  to  have  regarded  each  other  as  friends  and  kinsmen. 
The  family  connexion  was  through  the  Cookes  and  Belknaps,  Bacon's 
mother,  Anne  Cooke,  being  the  great-grand- daughter  of  Sir  Philip  Cooke, 
who  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Belknap,  and  sister  of 
Anne  Belknap,  wife  of  Sir  Henry  Wotton's  great-grandfather,  Sir 
Robert  Wotton.  Sir  Henry  Wotton  was  also  descended  from  Sir  Henry 
Belknap,  through  his  mother  (ante,  i,  p.  3  n.),  and  his  niece,  Philippa 
Wotton,  married  Francis  Bacon's  nephew,  Sir  Edmund  Bacon.  There  is 
little  further  evidence  of  their  friendship.  The  mention  of  '  Francesco ' 
(ii,  p.  14)  and  Lady  Bacon's  other  uncle  (ibid.  pp.  38,  40),  may  refer 
perhaps  to  Francis  Bacon.  In  1635  Wotton  sent  Sir  Gervase  Clifton 
a  collection  of  Bacon's  letters  (ibid.  p.  352).  Izaak  Walton,  in  his 
advertisement  to  the  Reliquiae,  says  that  Bacon  '  thought  it  not  beneath 
him  to  collect  some  of  the  sayings  and  apophthegms  of  this  author '.  One 
of  these  sayings  is  printed  in  Bacon's  Collection  of  Apophthegms,  No.  64. 
'  Sir  Henry  Wotton  used  to  say  "that  critics  are  like  brushers  of  noblemen's 
clothes'  "  (Ellis-Sjyedding,  vii,  p.  134).  The  epitaph  on  Bacon's  tomb  at 
St.  Michael's,  St.  Albans,  ending  with  the  well-known  phrase, '  Composita 
solvantur,'  was  composed  by  Wotton  (Life  of  Bacon,  prefixed  to  Wm. 
Rawley's  Resuscitatio,  1657  ;  Aubrey's  Brief  Lives,  1898,  i,  p.  76). 

Baker,  Sir  Richard  (1568-1645),  was  born  in  the  same  year  as 
Wotton,  and  was  with  him  at  Oxford,  where  they  shared  rooms  at  Hart 
Hall.  He  wrote  Meditations  and  Disquisitions  upon  the  Lord's  Prayer, 
1636-7,  which  he  sent  to  Wotton  (ante,  ii,  p.  369),  Meditations  on  the 
Psalms,  1639,  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  England,  1643,  and  other  works 
(D.X.B.).  Baker  mentions  Wotton  in  his  Chronicles  (ed.  1674,  pp.  446-7). 
'  The  Trojan  horse  was  not  fuller  of  heroic  Grecians  than  King  James 
his  reign  was  full  of  men  excellent  in  all  kinds  of  learning.  And  here 
I  desire  the  reader's  leave  to  remember  two  of  my  own  acquaintance,  the 
one  was  Mr.  John  Donne,  who  leaving  Oxford,  lived  at  the  Inns  of  Courts, 
not  dissolute,  but  very  neat ;  a  great  visitor  of  ladies.  .  .  .  The  other 
was  Henry  Wotton  (mine  old  acquaintance  also,  as  having  been  fellow- 
pupils  and  chamber-fellows  in  Oxford  divers  years  together).  This 
gentleman  was  employed  by  King  James  in  embassage  to  Venice ;  and 

•deed   the    Kingdom    afforded   not    a    fitter    man   for    matching    the 
priciousness  of  the  Italian  wits ;  a  man  of  so  able  dexterity  with  his 
;n,  that  he  hath  done  himself  much  wrong,  and  the  Kingdom  more,  in 
leaving  no  more  of  his  writings  behind  Kim.' 

I  Baker  became  surety  for  the  debts  of  his  wife's  relations,  and  losing  all  his 
tune,  took  refuge  in  Fleet  Prison  about  1635,  where  he  died  in  1645. 
Bargrave,  Isaac  (1586-1643),  see  D.N.B.  Bargrave  was  Wotton's 
laplain  at  Venice  1616-1618,  returning  in  July,  1618  (ante,  ii,  p.  143). 
Shortly  after  his  return  he  married  Elizabeth  Dering  or  Deering,  daughter 


462  APPENDIX   III 

of  Wotton's  sister  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Dering,  of  Egerton,  Kent 
(ante,  i,  p.  240).  In  a  letter  now  in  the  Eton  MS.,  without  date  or 
address,  but  probably  to  Naunton,  and  written  about  November,  1618, 
Wotton  thanks  his  correspondent  for  promising  to  help  Bargrave  to 
obtain  a  prebendaryship  at  Canterbury,  and  adds,  'we  are  conjoined, 
not  only  as  before  in  the  best  friendship,  but  now  also  in  near  affinity, 
for  he  hath  married  one  of  my  nieces,  the  daughter  of  a  right  good  sister; 
which  hath  been  on  both  their  parts  a  match,  rather  of  virtue  and  love 
than  of  fortune,  so  as  there  is  room  left  for  your  honourable  kindness  ' 
(Rox.  Club,  p.  88).  Bargrave  became  a  prebendary  of  Canterbury  in 
1622  ;  received  the  living  of  St.  Margaret's,  Westminster,  was  Chaplain 
to  Prince  Charles,  and  became  Dean  of  Canterbury  in  1625.  For 
Wotton's  bequest  of  his  Viol  di  Gamba  and  Italian  books  to  Bargrave, 
see  ante,  i,  p.  218.  In  1642  Bargrave  was  ejected  from  his  Deanery 
and  imprisoned  in  Fleet  Prison  for  a  few  weeks,  and  died  not  long 
after. 

Bedell,  William  (1571-1642).  The  life  of  Bedell  in  the  D.N.B., 
and  the  publication  of  Mr.  E.  S.  Shuckburgh's  Tivo  Biographies  of  William 
Bedell.  .  .  .  With  a  Selection  of  his  letters,  Sec.  (Cambridge,  1902),  make  it 
unnecessary  to  give  a  life  of  this  famous  divine  in  these  notes.  Bedell, 
who  in  1602  accepted  the  living  of  St.  Mary's  in  Bury  St.  Edmunds, 
was  recommended  by  his  neighbour,  Sir  Edmund  Bacon,  to  Wotton  for 
the  post  of  chaplain,  vacant  owing  to  the  return  of  Nathaniel  Fletcher 
in  1606  {ante,  i,  p.  505).  In  an  undated  letter  (not  printed  by  Mr. 
Shuckburgh)  written  shortly  before  starting,  Bedell  asks  Samuel  Ward 
to  find  out  from  Fletcher  which  way  he  returned  to  England  ;  '  for  it  is 
told  me  that  the  Inquisition  is  in  Millaine,  and  that  if  a  man  duck  not  low 
at  every  Cross,  he  may  be  cast  in  prison,  and  brought  in  peril  of  life. 
Send  me,  I  pray  you,  a  note  of  the  chief  towns  he  passed  through  (I  care 
not  for  seeing  places,  but  to  go  thither  the  shortest  and  safest  way),  what 
money  it  will  be  needful  to  take  with  me  ;  whether,  as  Mr.  Fenton  would 
advise,  to  carry  a  Nag  out  of  England,  or  go  with  the  ordinary  post,  and 
such  like.  .  .  .  Mr.  Fenton  goes  not  yet  these  7  or  8  weeks.  You  might 
enquire  somewhat  of  the  personal  disposition  of  my  Lord  (Sir  Henry 
Wotton).  .  .  .  Good  Mr.  Ward,  enquire  of  Mr.  Fletcher  if  it  were  good  to 
send  thither  any  gown,  yea  or  no,  by  sea  I  mean  '  {Tanner  MS.,  lxxv. 
f.  1 7).  For  Wotton's  letter,  asking  for  Bedell's  passport,  see  ante,  i,  p.  378. 
Bedell  arrived  in  Venice  about  the  end  of  April,  1607,  shortly  after  the 
settlement  of  the  dispute  with  the  Pope.  His  journey  to  Venice  was 
evidently  a  difficult  one,  for  Joseph  Hall  writes  to  him  :  '  We  have  heard 
how  full  of  trouble  and  danger  the  Alps  were  to  you :  and  did  at  once 
both  pity  your  difficulties,  and  rejoice  in  your  safety/  {Epistles,  1608, 
p.  79.)  His  letters  describing  the  state  of  religion  in  Venice,  and 
Wotton's  attempts  to  introduce  religious  reform,  have  already  been 
quoted  {ante,  i,  pp.  86,  90-1).  His  relations  with  Sarpi,  his  discourses 
in  Wotton's  house,  his  importation  and  translation  of  books,  and  the 
various  activities  of  his  life  in  Venice  have  been  described,  and  full 
references  will  be  found  in  the  index.  In  1611  he  returned  with 
Wotton  to  England,  and  went  back  to  Bury  St.  Edmunds  (ante,  \, 
p.  505  n.).  In  1627  he  was  appointed,  partly  on  Wotton's  recommenda- 
tion, Provost  of  King's  College,  Dublin  (ii,  p.  301);  in  1629  he  became 


APPENDIX   III  463 

Bishop  of  Kilmore  and  Ardagh,  and  in  1642  he  died  from  hardships 
endured  during  the  rebellion  of  1641. 

Bell,  Captain  Henry  (ante,  ii,  pp.  129,  148),  was  one  of  the  English 
soldiers  who  volunteered  to  serve  in  tlie  Venetian  army.  On  Nov.  22, 
1617,  Wotton  presented  a  letter  in  his  favour  from  James  I,  and  recom- 
mended him  to  the  Doge,  saying  that  he  had  served  under  the  King 
If  Sweden  and  the  Elector  of  Brandenburg,  and  was  experienced  and 
japable  in  training  raw  recruits  (Esp.  Prin.)  His  services,  however, 
were  not  accepted.  In  a  letter  to  Sir  Thomas  Lake,  dated  Jan.  3,  1618, 
Bell  says  that  he  and  his  servants  have  been  living  in  Wotton's  house 
(S.  P.  Ven.).  In  1632  Captain  Henry  Bell  appears  in  the  Gatehouse 
prison,  where  he  remained  till  1640,  when  he  was  either  released  or 
died.  Being  in  Germany  in  1616,  he  claimed  to  have  discovered  a  plot 
to  kidnap  the  Electress  Palatine  and  her  eldest  son,  and  to  have  spent 
near  £5,000  in  collecting  the  evidence.  James  I  (according  to  Bell's 
story)  granted  him  .£5,000  under  the  Privy  Seal,  and  the  grant  was 
confirmed  in  1630,  but  never  paid.  In  1632  Bell  came  to  England  and 
demanded  the  money  of  the  Lord  Treasurer,  Weston,  and  threatened,  if  it 
were  not  paid,  to  complain  to  the  King.  '  Are  you  so  peremptory  ? '  replied 
Weston, '  I  will  make  you  stay  yet  longer,  and  will  sit  upon  your  skirts.' 
Bell  was  thereupon  arrested  and  imprisoned,  his  papers  were  seized,  and 
declared  to  have  been  forged.  In  prison  he  remained  writing  threatening 
letters  and  petitions  full  of  despair  and  rage.  By  1637  he  had  sent  104 
petitions  to  the  Council,  but  had  got  no  answer.  '  I  must  be  forced,'  he 
writes  in  1 639,  '  to  let  my  bell  sound  such  a  peal  that  the  same  shall 
ring  and  be  heard  throughout  the  kingdom.'  The  Domestic  State 
Papers  for  these  years  are  full  of  the  echoes  of  his  rage  and  threats. 
(Cal.  S.  P.  Bom.,  1632,  p.  356,  1636-7,  p.  433,  1639,  p.  429, 
&c.)  In  1652  was  published  a  translation  of  Luther's  Table  Talk, 
Martini  Lutheri  Colloquia  Mensalia  .  .  .  '  translated  by  Capt.  Henrie 
Bell'. 

Biondi,  Sir  Giovanni  Francesco  (1572-1644).  A  short  life  of 
Biondi  will  be  found  in  the  D.N.B.,  but,  owing  to  his  intimate  connexion 
with  Wotton,  a  few  additional  details  will  be  of  interest.  Biondi  was 
born  on  the  island  of  Lesina,  near  Dalmatia,  and  during  the  years  1606 
and  1607  he  served  as  secretary  to  Piero  Priuli,  Venetian  ambassador  in 
France.  He  became  a  Protestant,  and  returned  to  Venice  with  a  collection 
of  Protestant  books,  and  introductions  from  Swiss  and  French  Protestants 
to  Sir  Henry  Wotton.  On  April  18,  1608,  the  Nuncio,  Gessi,  wrote 
that  Biondi  was  suspected  of  having  introduced  heretical  books  into 
Venice  (Mus.  Cor.  MS.  2356).  Biondi  entered  Wotton's  service,  and  in 
January,  1609,  Wotton  sent  him  to  England  to  put  before  James  I 
Sarpi's  plan  for  a  union  of  the  anti-papal  powers,  and  the  introduction  of 
religious  reform  into  Venice.  Biondi's  letter  on  the  subject  is  now  in 
theliecord  Office  (ante,  i,  pp.  93,  446-7).  News  of  this  journey  reached 
Rome,  and  the  Venetian  ambassador,  Francesco  Contarini,  admitted  that 
'  a  certain  Biondo '  had  gone  to  England  as  a  heretic,  and  was  to  send 
certain  heretical  books  from  Paris  into  Italy  (Cal.  S.  P.  Ven.,  xi,  p.  248). 
Biondi  was  also  the  bearer  of  a  letter  from  Bedell  to  Adam  Newton,  and 
Bedell  describes  him  as  '  truly  religious,  zealous,  and  in  a  word,  such  as 
the  wise  King  doubts  if  a  man  may  be  found  anywhere  "  a  faithful  man  " 


464  APPENDIX   III 

(Two  Biog.,  p.  251).  Biondi  was  received  by  James  I  at  Whitehall,  and 
Wotton  was  commanded  to  allow  him  £100  a  year,  which  was  afterwards 
confirmed  to  him  for  life  as  an  annual  pension  (ante,  i,  p.  469  n.,  ii, 
pp.  79,  80).  By  August,  1609,  Biondi  was  back  again  in  Venice,  and 
in  1610  Wotton  sent  him  to  Turin  to  watch  Charles  Emmanuel's  military 
preparations  (ibid.,  i,  pp.  456  n.,  493  n.).  In  1612  he  was  at  Turin  with 
Wotton,  and  two  of  his  letters  from  Turin  to  Carleton  at  Venice  have 
been  preserved  (S.  P.  Italian  States,  May  4,  May  28,  1612).  Twenty- 
one  letters  to  Carleton,  between  Oct.  9,  1612  and  May  12,  1618,  are  in 
the  S.  P.  Dom.  In  1614  Biondi  was  at  the  Hague  with  Wotton,  who 
sent  him  to  Brussels  to  remonstrate  about  Spinola's  military  preparations, 
and  afterwards  to  Spinola  and  Count  Maurice  to  arrange  a  truce  (ante, 
ii,  pp.  43  n.,  49,  50).  He  represented  James  I  at  the  Calvinist  assembly 
at  Grenoble,  and  in  June,  1615,  he  returned  to  England  with  a  letter 
from  Wotton  recommending  him  to  Win  wood  (ibid.,  pp.  79,  80).  While 
at  the  Hague  he  sent  the  news  of  the  place  to  Charles  Emmanuel,  and 
his  letters  are  now  in  the  Turin  Archives  (Lettere  Ministri,  Inghilterra). 
He  was  at  Turin  again  in  January,  1617,  and  was  sent  by  Charles 
Emmanuel  to  replace  Count  Scarnafissi  as  his  agent  in  England.  His 
letters  from  England  between  March  21,  1617,  and  August  6,  1620, 
are  in  the  Turin  Archives  (ibid.).  Biondi  was  knighted  in  1622,  and 
married  Mary,  sister  of  Sir  Theodore  Mayerne.  On  Sept.  30,  1630,  he 
wrote  to  Viscount  Dorchester  (Sir  Dudley  Carleton)  recounting  his  early 
life  and  services,  complaining  that  his  pension  was  seldom  paid,  and 
praying  for  its  increase  by  £100  and  its  regular  payment  (S.  P.  Dom. 
Charles  I,  clxxiii,  No.  65).  In  1640  Biondi  went  to  reside  at  Aubonne, 
near  Lausanne,  and  died  there  in  1644  (D.N.B.).  He  was  the  author 
of  three  romances:  L'Eromena,  Venice,  1624  (English  translation  by 
J.  Hay  ward,  Eromena  ;  or  Love  and  Revenge,  London,  1633),  La  Don- 
zella  D ester rada,- Venice,  1627,  and  II  Coralto,  Venice,  1635  (English 
translation,  London,  1655),  also  of  an  historical  work  L'Historia  delle 
guerre  civili  a" Inghilterra,  tra  le  due  case  di  Lancastro  e  di  lore,  Venice, 
1637-44  (English  translation  by  Henry  Carey,  Earl  of  Monmouth, 
London,  1641). 

Branthwaite,  Michael,  was  a  relative  of  Sir  George  Calvert's,  and 
when  Wotton  went  as  ambassador  to  the  Emperor  in  1620,  taking  in 
his  company  a  son  of  Lord  Wharton,  Branthwaite  was  chosen  to  go  with 
them  as  the  young  man's  governor.  Wharton  died  on  the  journey,  and 
Wotton,  pleased  with  Branthwaite's  'hand  and  judgement  and  fidelity 
and  erudition',  took  him  to  Venice  (ante,  ii,  p.  193),  where  he  acted  as 
secretary  during  Wotton's  last  embassy  there.  For  Wrotton's  high  appre- 
ciation of  his  society  and  services  see  ibid.,  p.  231.  WThen  Wrotton 
returned  to  England  in  Oct.,  1623,  he  left  Branthwaite  in  Venice  as 
English  agent,  where  he  remained  on  a  salary  of  thirty  shillings  a  day 
until  Dec,  1 624,  when  Sir  Isaac  Wake  arrived  as  ambassador  (ibid.,  279n.) 
Branthwaite's  dispatches  for  these  fourteen  months  are  in  the  S.  P.  Ven.. 
In  1626  Branthwaite  was  at  Eton,  and  Wotton  sent  him  with  letters  tc 
the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  describing  him  as  '  a  gentleman  of  approver 
confidence  and  sincerity '  (ibid.,  292).  The  next  mention  I  find  of  bin 
is  in  a  letter  of  Sir  Thomas  Boe's  to  John  Dynely,  dated  Feb.  6,  1634 
in  which  Boe  recommends  Branthwaite,  '  an  honest  man,  that  withers  ii 


APPENDIX    III  465 

England,'  for  service  with  the  Queen  of  Bohemia;  'he  has  modest 
sufficiency  of  language  and  experience,  and  though  plain  and  poor,  he 
will  be  the  better  guided  and  dilligent '  (Cal.  S.  P.  Dam.,  1  (;:i3-4,  p.  453). 
In  1(538  Branthwaite  was  in  Paris,  acting  as  governor  to  the  son  of  the 
English  ambassador,  Lord  Scudamore,  and  Wot  ton  gave  Milton  a  letter 
Of  introduction  to  him  (ante,  ii,  364,  382). 

Burlamachi,  Philip,  or  Pilippo,  was  an  Italian  Protestant  descended 
from  a  family  of  Lucca,  but  born  in  France,  and  naturalized  in  England. 
1  fie  was  a  great  capitalist,  with  correspondents  in  different  commercial 
centres  of  Europe,  who  was  much  employed  by  the  government  to  transmit 
considerable  sums  of  money  abroad  for  the  use  of  ambassadors,  and  for  the 
payment  of  troops;  occasionally  also  to  advance  the  sums  of  money 
required'  (S.  E.  Gardiner,  N.  and  Q.,  4th  ser.,  vii,  p.  550).  In  1619 
Burlamachi  was  arrested  with  other  merchants  on  the  charge  of  exporting 
money,  but  was  released  on  a  payment  of  £10,000  (ibid.,  p.  454).  For 
his  dealings  with  Wotton  see  ante,  i,  p.  454  ;  ii,  pp.  7,  8,  130,  193,  316  ; 
with  Sir  Edward  Herbert,  Herbert,  p.  189. 

Castle,  Doctor,  can  pretty  safely  be  identified  with  the  Doctor  John 
Castle  of  Berks.,  who  matriculated  at  Oxford  from  Merton  College, 
Oct.  24,  1600,  aet.  14,  B.A.  Dec.  6,  1604,  D.Med.  July  10,  1644,  buried 
in  middle  chancel  of  St.  Margaret's,  Westminster,  April  15,  1664  (Foster, 
Ox.).  Wotton  speaks  of  him  as  having  '  two  capacities  (as  our  lawers 
speak),  a  political  and  philosophical,  from  both  which  I  draw  much 
good '  (ante,  ii,  p.  384).  The  '  philosophical '  was  plainly  that  of  medicine, 
the  political  the  occupation  probably  of  a  newsletter  writer,  and  he  may 
be  identified  therefore  with  the  John  Castle  mentioned  as  the  newsagent 
for  the  Earl  of  Bridgewater,  President  of  Wales,  in  Cal.  S.  P.  Dom., 
1640—1,  p.  48.  Three  newsletters  from  John  Castle  are  printed  in 
C.  and  T.  Jas.  I,  i,  pp.  376, 429,  439,  from  originals  in  the  British  Museum, 
.uid  there  are  three  more  unprinted  in  the  same  collection  (Harl.  MS. 
7002,  f.  402  ;  7007,  f.  400;  Cotton  MS.,  Titus  B.,  vii,  f.  470).  Other 
Setters  in  the  S.  P.  Dom.  will  be  found  calendared  under  the  date  of 
July  24,  Aug.  13,  1634,  June  20,  1636,  March  27,  1637.  A  certificate 
from  John  Castle,  of  the  City  of  Westminster,  Doctor  -in  Physick,  dated 
July  6,  1654,  is  in  the  S.  P.  Dom.  (Protectorate,  lxxv,  39  II).  John 
Castle  was  the  father  of  the  medical  writer,  George  Castle,  who  was 
bellow  of  All  Souls  in  1655  (Wood's  Athenae,  ed.  Bliss,  iii,  p.  998). 
lohn  Castle  is  mentioned  as  a  Royalist  delinquent  on  July  23,  1645. 
Jn  May  25,  1646,  he  was  assessed  for  a  fine  at  £300,  and  ordered  on 
lug.  7  to  be  taken  into  custody  (Cal.  Comte*  for  Advance  of  Money). 

Clifton,  Sir  Gervase,  of  Clifton,  Nottingham,  1586-1666;  see 
rhoroton's  Nottinghamshire,  ed.  Throsby,  1790,  i,  p.  108,  for  the  life  and 
haracter  of  this  fine   old  country  gentleman.     Dr.  Thoroton,  who  as 

physician  was  not  able,  as  he  says,  to  keep  alive  the  worthies  of 
Nottinghamshire  for  any  long  time,  and  therefore  '  practised  on  the  dead  ' 
nd  attempted  to  keep  their  memories  in  life,  says  of  Sir  Gervase  Clifton, 
for  one  thing  he  was  most  remarkable,  having  in  that  gone  beyond  any 
f  our  nation  as  yet  heard  of,  he  had  six  wives,  and  married  a  seventh 
»hen  he  was  near  seventy  years  old'.  His  second  wife  was  Frances, 
ister  of  his  and  Sir  Henry  Wotton's  friend,  Henry  Lord  Clifford,  after- 
wards Earl  of  Cumberland  (ante,  ii,  p.  328  n.).     Thoroton  speaks  of  his 

WOTTON.      II  H    h 


466  APPENDIX   III 

1  sound  body  and  cheerful  facetious  spirit,'  his  wealth  and  courtesy  and 
hospitality ;  and  the  description  he  gives  of  the  death  of  Clifton  is  not 
unworthy  to  be  compared  with  Addison's  account  of  Sir  Roger  de  Coverley's 
end.  '  He  received  from  me  the  certain  Notice  of  his  near  approaching 
Death,  as  he  was  wont  to  do  an  invitation  of  good  friends  to  his  own 
Bowling-Green  (one  of  the  most  pleasant  imaginable),  and  thereupon 
immediately  called  for  his  old  Chaplain,  Mr.  Robert  Thirleby,  to  do  the 
office  of  his  Confessor,  as  if  it  had  been  to  attend  him  to  that  Recreation 
he  often  used  and  loved,  and  when  he  had  done  with  him,  for  his  children, 
whom,  Patriarch-like,  he  particularly  blessed  and  admonished,  with  the 
Smartness  and  Ingenuity  of  an  excellent  and  well-studied  Orator.  The 
day  following  he  received  Visits  from  divers  Friends,  in  the  old  Dining! 
Room  near  his  Bed-Chamber,  who  were  not  so  sensible  of  his  Danger, 
because  he  entertained  them  after  his  usual  Manner  ;  yet  that  Night  (as 
I  easily  foretold  him)  his  sleepiness  begun,  which  could  never  be  taken 
away.'  In  the  British  Museum  (Lansd.  MS.,  238)  is  a  volume  of  copies 
of  letters  made  by  some  one  in  Sir  Gervase  Clifton's  service.  A  large  and 
most  interesting  collection  of  Sir  Gervase  Clifton's  correspondence  has 
recently  been  discovered  in  an  attic  at  Clifton  Hall.  In  the  sack,  in 
which  these  papers  were  tied  up,  were  three  letters  from  Sir  Henry 
Wotton,  transcripts  of  which  were  very  kindly  sent  me  by  Mrs.  Hervey 
Bruce,  and  will  be  found  printed  in  vol.  ii,  pp.  333,  352-4. 

Cogan,  Henry,  succeeded  Rowland  Woodward  in  1608  as  the 
ambassador's  agent  for  his  business  in  England  (ante,  i,  p.  420).  Bedell, 
in  a  letter  of  Nov.  30,  1613,  says  that  owing  to  Cogan's  '  false  dealing ' 
he  lost  a  great  part  of  the  allowance  due  to  him  as  Sir  Henry  Wotton's 
chaplain  (Two  Biog.,  p.  254).  About  1625  Henry  Cogan  was  granted 
a  reversion  to  the  office  of  Comptroller  of  the  Mint,  after  the  death  of 
Richard  Rogers,  and  assisted  Rogers  till  his  death  in  1638.  In  1640 
a  grant  of  the  office  was  made  to  him  (Cal.  S.P.Dom.,  1638-9,  p.  198  ; 
ibid.,  1639-40,  p.  423).  He  was  associated  at  the  Mint  with  William 
Parkhurst,  who  had  been  his  companion  at  Venice.  A  letter  from  Henry 
Cogan  to  Sir  Henry  Vane,  dated  May  11,  1632,  is  in  the  Record  Office 
(ibid.,  1631-33,  p.  328).  Henry  Cogan,  of  Thames  St.,  Bridge  Ward 
and  Charing  Cross,  was  assessed  for  fines  on  Aug.  5,  Aug.  28,  Nov.  23, 
1643,  and  on  April  29,  1644,  ordered  to  be  brought  in  custody  to  pay 
his  assessment  (Cal.  Comtec  for  Advance  of  Money).  Henry  Cogan  was 
the  author  of  several  translations,  Ibraham,  1652  ;  The  Scarlet  Gown,  oi  \ 
History  of  tlw  Present  Cardinals  of  Rome,  1653;  and  The  Voyage  ana 
Adventures  of  F.  M.  Pinto,  1663. 

Collins,  Samuel,  D.D.  (1576-1651),  born  and  educated  at  Eton 
Provost  of  King's  College,  Cambridge,  1615;  Regius  Professor  of  Divinity 
1617;  ejected  by  the  Puritans  from  the  Provostship  in  1645  (D.X.B) 
Every  year  the  Provost  of  King's  College  rode  or  drove  over  from  Cam 
bridge  to  Eton  for  the  annual  election  of  scholars  in  August,  accompanied 
by  two  Fellows  of  King's  called  the  '  Posers ',  and  was  received  at  th< 
gateway  with  picturesqne  old  ceremonial,  the  Provost  of  Eton  greeting 
him  with  a  kiss  of  peace  (Maxwell- Lyte,  p.  542).  Wotton  and  Collin 
became  intimate  friends,  and  frequent  correspondents ;  unfortunately 
only  very  few  of  Wotton's  letters  to  the  Provost  of  King's  have  bee] 
preserved  (ante,  ii,  pp.  181,  370,  380).     Lloyd  speaks  of  Dr.  Collins  a 


APPENDIX   III  467 

I  the  glory  of  our  English  Nation  for  the  Latin  and  Greek  languages',  and 
jj  though  very  grave  and  reserved,  yet  at  other  times  as  much  facetious  ' 
[State  Worthies,  ii,  pp.  492-3).  Fuller  describes  him  as  a  ■  pious  and 
painful  preacher  .  .  .  one  of  admirable  wit  and  memory,  the  most  fluent 
Latinist  of  our  age ;  so  that  as  Caligula  is  said  to  have  sent  his  soldiers 
vainly  to  fight  against  the  tide,  with  the  same  success  have  any  encoun- 
tered the  torrent  of  his  tongue  in  Disputation'  ( Worthies,  ed.  1811,  i,  144). 
There  is  a  portrait  of  this  fine  old  scholar  and  wit  in  the  dining-room 
of  the  Provost's  Lodge  at  King's  College. 

Darcy,  Lord.  Thomas  Darcy  (1565  ?-1640)  succeeded  his  father  as 
3rd  Lord  Darcy  of  Chiche  in  1580,  and  was  created  Viscount  Colchester 
in  1621,  and  Earl  of  Rivers  in  1626.  On  March  6,  1591  (N.S.),  he 
wrote  to  Burghley  from  Venice  (S.  P.  Ven),  and  on  Oct.  26  from 
Florence  (S.  P.  Tuscany).  He  was  in  Venice  again  from  Dec.  20,  1591, 
to  June  19,  1592,  and  eight  letters  written  during  this  period  are  in  the 
$.  P.  Ven.  I  have  referred  (ante,  i,  p.  20)  to  what  appears  to  have  been 
a  plot  to  bring  the  loyalty  of  Wotton  and  Lord  Zouche  into  suspicion, 
and  now  print  the  portion  of  Lord  Darcy's  letter,  which  refers  to  the 
matter.  It  is  written  from  Venice  to  Lord  Burghley,  and  dated  May 
8,  1592,  N.S.  Darcy  writes  :  '  Not  long  since,  Francis  Tusser,  a  gentle- 
man known  to  your  Lordship,  as  himself  saith,  came  unto  me  and  desired 
my  help  touching  some  service  he  had  in  hand  for  the  Queen,  the  which, 
as  I  perceived,  was  to  intercept  a  packet  of  letters,  that  came  from 
Roome  (as  he  said)  to  certain  English  gentlemen,  in  the  which  he  nothing 
doubted  to  discover  some  matter  of  importance ;  and  because  it  seemed 
to  me  to  concern  the  Queen,  I  could  not  but  protect  him  from  the  danger 
he  feared,  as  also  in  respect  of  his  other  wants,  aid  him  to  compass  the 
packet ;  the  which  at  the  last  he  did,  and  brought  it  unto  me,  but  very 
hardly  was  brought  to  show  me  the  letters  that  were  in  it.  But  at  last 
he  showed  me  only  the  superscriptions  of  two  letters,  the  one  directed 
to  my  Lord  Souche,  in  French,  the  other  to  Mr.  AVootton,  in  English. 
I  perceived  presently  he  missed  of  his  meaning,  nevertheless,  he  assured 
me  that  although  he  had  not  lighted  upon  all,  yet  he  had  a  great  part. 
"What  was  in  those  letters,  or  to  whom  the  other  (three  as  I  think)  were 
directed,  I  know  not.  As  for  my  Lord  Souche  and  Mr.  Wootton,  it  is 
more  to  be  feared  (as  I  hear)  that  their  love  to  their  Prince  and  country 
is  more  likely  to  hurt  them  here  than  any  their  malice  or  practice 
against  either  the  one  or  the  other.  And  therefore  they  being  persons 
so  well-affected  and  so  sure,  I  have  marvelled  greatly  at  this  enterprise 
i  of  Tusser's,  and  the  more  because  some  be  so  impudent  as  they  could  be 
i  content  to  play  on  both  sides,  although  I  think  Tusser  to  be  honest,  and 
I  the  craft  of  the  Queen's  Roman  enemies  being  such  as  to  seek  by  all 
means  to  put  the  Queen  in  suspicion  of  her  most  faithful  subjects,  as 
haply  as  they  have  done  in  this '  (S.  P.  Ven.), 

Despotini,  G-asparo  (Jasper  Despotine,  as  he  was  called  in  England), 
a  Venetian  physician  of  good  family,  and  a  convert  to  Protestantism, 
brought  to  England  in  1611  by  Wotton  and  Bedell  (ante,  i,  p.  505),  and 
settled  by  Bedell  in  practice  at  or  near  Bury  St.  Edmunds.  Bedell 
acted  as  his  interpreter  with  his  patients,  until  he  learned  English,  and 
remained  his  intimate  friend  until  his  own  death.  After  Bedell  went  to 
Ireland,  the  two  friends  kept  up  a  frequent  correspondence  in  Italian, 

H  h  2 


468  APPENDIX   III 

An  account  of  Despotine  will  be  found  in  the  life  of  Bedell  by  his  son 
(Two  Biog.,  pp.  10-14,  Sec).  To  this  a  few  particulars  may  be  added. 
In  March,  1619,  Despotine  was  granted  denization  in  England  (Docquet 
Books,  vi),  and  when  James  I  was  ill  in  this  year,  he  was  called  into 
consultation  with  the  King's  physicians,  and  Wotton,  then  ambassador 
in  Venice,  congratulated  the  Doge  on  having  a  share  in  the  credit  of 
the  King's  recovery,  as  one  of  his  physicians  had  been  a  Venetian  subject. 
Despotine  had  given  such  satisfaction,  that  the  King  had  sent  him  home 
in  one  of  the  royal  carriages,  which,  Wotton  said,  was  a  sign  of  great 
favour  (Esp.  Prin.,  May  5,  1619).  In  this  same  year  Despotine 
married  an  Englishwoman,  Susan  Brand,  by  whom  he  had  three 
daughters.  In  1624  Wotton  travelled  to  Bury  St.  Edmunds  for  the  sake 
of  his  medical  advice,  returning  thither  in  the  last  year  of  his  life  (ante, 
ii,  pp.  285,  409).  In  1647  Despotine's  name  is  mentioned  as  one  of  the 
elders  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Bury  St.  Edmunds  (Life  of  Bedell, 
ed.  by  T.  W.  Jones,  Camden  Soc,  1872,  p.  ix  n.).  His  will,  dated  1648, 
and  proved  1650,  is  printed  in  the  Wills  and  Inventories  from  the  Register 
at  Bury  St.  Edmunds  (Camden  Soc,  1850,  p.  200),  and  shows  that  he 
died  possessed  of  considerable  property.  A  letter  from  Despotine  to 
Sir  Robert  Crane  is  preserved  in  the  Bodleian  (Tanner  MS.,  lxxi,  f.  146). 
He  published  at  Cambridge  in  1613  Bird  mulctra  de  sanguinis  missione 
in  quadam  febre  quotidiana  continua,  and  in  a  letter  of  April  5,  1622, 
Bedell  mentions  another  book  of  Despotine's  as  shortly  to  be  printed 
De  Magnitudine  morbi  disputatio  (Two  Biog.,  p.  258). 

Dethick,  Humphrey,  English  factor  in  Florence  for  Sir  Baptist 
Hickes  (Viscount  Campden),  of  Cheapside.     Dethick's  history  is  curious. 
I  found  a  letter  of  Wotton's  about  him  in  the  Medici  Archives  (1219, 
f.  267),  to  Belisario  Vinta,  without  date,  but  written  in  1602,  and  in 
Italian.    Wotton  says  that  when  Dethick  first  came  to  Italy  (about  1589) 
he  was  a  youth  of  good  conduct,  but  being  far  away  from  the  sight  ot 
his  patron  and  parents,  he  fell  into  evil  courses,  and  was  finally  ruined 
by  an  English  gentleman  who  took  him  to  Home,   initiated  him  into 
political  intrigues,  and  was  in  the  habit  of  sending  him  to  the  post  tc 
take  away   letters    written   to  other  Englishmen.     Dethick  then  fell 
apparently  under  the  influence  of  some  of  the  extreme  Anglo-Spanish 
Catholic  party,  who  wished  to  make  away  with  James  VI  and  secure  the 
succession  of  the  English  throne  to  the  Infanta  of  Spain.     In  1602  he 
travelled  to  Scotland  for  the  purpose  of  assassinating  James,  but  whei 
he  arrived  he  was  seized  either  with  remorse  or  madness,  and  begai- 
crying  out  'The  King!  The  King!  Save  the  King!'  and  confessed  hif- 
purpose.     Being  at  last  exhausted  he  fell  asleep,  and  some  gentlemen  ii 
a  neighbouring  room,  thinking  him  mad  and  dangerous,  suggested  locking 
him  up.     One  of  them,  however,  named  Chambers,  induced  them  not  t( 
disturb  him.     Dethick  soon  awoke,  and  rushing  into  the  next  room  ii 
a  new  accession  of  frenzy,  ran  his  sword  through  Chambers,  and  kill* 
him.     He  afterwards  confessed  his  purpose,  and  said  he  had  been  sen  j 
by  the  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany  to  kill  James.    At  another  time,  howevei 
he  denied  it.     He  seems  to  have  been  treated  in  Scotland  as  a  simpl 
madman.     (For  Dethick  in  Scotland,  see  dispatches  of  George  Nicolsoi 
S,  P.  Scotland,  lxviii,  43  et  seq.,  also  Chamberlains  Letters,  Camde 
Soc,  p.  1 39.)    In  Home  the  Jesuits  declared  that  Dethick  was  a  Purita 


APPENDIX   III  469 

(Arch.  Med.  1219,  1.  2G7).  A  letter  from  Humphrey  Delhick  offering 
his  services  to  Sir  Robert  Cecil,  dated  Pisn,  July  22,  1601,  is  in  the 
Record  Office  (S.  P.  Tuscany). 

Donne,  John.  Mr.  Gosse,  in  his  Life  of  Donne,  seems  inclined  to 
question  Izaak  Walton's  statement  about  the  intimate  friendship  between 
Donne  and  Wotton,  and  after  a  rather  vague  summary  of  Wotton's  travels, 
adds :  '  It  is  therefore  demonstrable  that  any  close  companionship  between 
these  two  men  was  impossible  at  every  juncture  of  their  lives.  They  can 
have  met  but  occasionally,  and  for  brief  periods'  (vol.  ii,  p.  315).  A 
more  accurate  knowledge  of  the  chronology  of  Wotton's  life  hardly 
corroborates  this  statement,  as  Wotton  and  Donne  could  often  have  met 
alter  their  Oxford  companionship.  Wotton  was  in  England  from  1594 
to  1600,  save  for  the  Cadiz  and  Azores  expeditions,  on  both  of  which 
Donne  was  his  companion.  In  1604  he  spent  six  months  in  England, 
and  was  also  in  England  from  1611  to  1614,  with  the  exception  of  his 
embassy  to  Turin.  The  winters  of  1614-15  and  1619-20  were  also 
spent  at  home,  and  from  1623  to  1631,  the  date  of  Donne's  death, 
Wotton,  as  his  letters  show,  was  often  in  London. 

Two  letters  from  Donne  to  Wotton  have  been  printed  (Goste,  i, 
pp.  179,  180).  I  have  found  a  number  more  in  the  Burley  Commonplace 
Book,  which  I  hope  will  shortly  be  published.  Among  Donne's  published 
poems  are  three  verse-epistles  to  Wotton,  and  a  dialogue  in  verse 
(Chambers,  i,  p.  79 ;  ii,  pp.  7,  14,  41).  A  fourth  verse-epistle  is  in  the 
Burley  J/S.  In  1623  Wotton  sent  a  cipher  to  Donne  in  order  to 
facilitate  their  correspondence  (ante,  ii,  p.  265),  and  Donne  often  mentions 
Wotton's  letters  (Gosse,  i,  pp.  179,  199,291,  301,  305;  Chambers, 
ii,  p.  7),  though  in  1607  he  speaks  of  Wotton's  seldom  writing,  being 
'  under  the  oppression  of  business,  or  the  necessity  of  seeming  so  '  (Gosse,  i, 
p.  170).  Donne  sent  to  Wotton  with  Joseph  Hall,  Bryan  Duppa,  Henry 
King,  and  probably  Walton  himself,  one  of  the  curious  engraved  seals 
which  he  had  prepared  before  his  death  as  a  memorial  for  his  friends 
(ibid.,  i,  p.  278). 

Dourishe,  John,  was  second  son  of  Robert  Dourishe,  or  Dowrishe, 
of  Dourishe,  Devon.  His  uncle,  Walter  Dourishe,  married  Mary  Carew, 
sister  of  George  Lord  Carew,  who  became  Earl  of  Totnes  in  1626 
(Harl.  Soc.  vi,  p.  91).  John  Dourishe  was  at  Exeter  College,  Oxford, 
matriculating  June  17,  1612,  aet.  19  (Foster's  Ox.).  In  June,  1615,  he 
brought  a  letter  from  Win  wood  to  Wotton,  at  the  Hague  (ante,  ii,  p.  80). 
In  1(517  lie  was  at  Venice,  and  Wotton  recommended  him  to  Win  wood, 
as  '  an  honest  and  understanding  gentleman '  who  was  '  born  to  some 
good  fortune  '  at  home,  '  and  hath  vowed  it  to  the  service  of  his  country  '. 
Wotton  adds  that  he  had  employed  Dourishe  '  in  some  public  occasions' 
(S.  P.  Ven.,  June,  1617).  He  returned  in  1618,  apparently  with  Sir 
Henry  Peyton's  ships,  and  on  Aug.  2  Wotton  mentions  that  a  number 
of  gentlemen  from  the  fleet  had  come  to  Venice,  and  among  them  '  Mr. 
John  Doaridge,  near  kinsman  to  my  Lord  Carew,  who  is  to  abide  here 
as  receiver  of  such  monies  as  shall  become  due  to  Sir  Henry  Peyton  and 
his  troops'  (Box.  Club,  p.  44).  On  Aug.  9  Will  Leete  wrote  to 
Pargrave,  '  your  dear  friend  Mr.  Dowrich  is  here  at  Venice  very  sick,  and 
the  rather  that  my  Lord  will  not  receive  him  into  his  house,  having 
taken  a  special  liking  to  the  habitation,  and  the  company  likewise ;  his 


470  APPENDIX   III 

importunity  hath  been  most  senseless  and  unmannerly,  and  would  have 
passed  into  a  bribe  of  an  handfull  of  scudi  if  I  would  have  accepted 
it ;  instead  whereof  I  have  given  him  a  resolute  denial,  for  we  will 
be  no  more  troubled  with  such  persons  in  our  family  as  long  as  I  may 
have  a  voice'  (ibid.,  p.  46).  He  returned  to  England  in  April,  1619, 
bearing  a  letter  in  which  Wotton  recommended  him  to  Calvert  (ante, 
ii,  p.  168). 

Dynely,  Sir  John  (name  also  spelt  Dinely,  Dioley,  Dingley,  &c), 
was  son  of  Richard  Dingley,  of  Wolverton,  Isle  of  Wight.  In  1637  he 
married  Jane,  daughter  of  John  Hamond,  of  Chertsey  (Berry,  ffanim 
p.  213).  He  was  at  Hart  Hall,  Oxford,  matriculating  Jan.  31,  1606, 
aet.  16  (Foster,  Ox.).  He  accompanied  Wotton  to  Venice  in  1616,  and 
to  Vienna  in  1620,  and  acted  as  his  assistant  secretary  in  Venice  from 
1621  to  1623.  It  was  John  Dynely  whom  Wotton  sent  to  warn  Lady 
Arundel  not  to  come  to  Venice  after  the  arrest  of  Foscarini  (ante,  ii, 
p.  232).  Before  1626  he  had  entered  the  service  of  the  Queen  of 
Bohemia  (Cal.  S.  P.  Born.,  1623-5,  p.  478),  and  in  a  petition  of  Jan.  13, 
1629,  he  states  that  he  had  been  long  in  attendance  on  her  eldest  son. 
In  this  petition  he  begs  Charles  I  for  the  next  vacant  Six  Clerk's  place 
(see  also  ante,  ii,  p.  312).  Wotton,  he  states,  had  promised  that  when 
he  succeeded  Sir  Julius  Caesar  as  Master  of  the  Bolls,  he  would  provide 
for  Dynely  in  consideration  of  his  eight  years'  service  to  himself  in 
various  embassies.  When  Wotton  had  resigned  his  reversion  of  the 
Rolls  to  Sir  Robert  Heath,  Heath  had  promised  to  provide  for  him,  and 
now  he  was  recommended  by  the  Queen  of  Bohemia  for  this  piece  of 
preferment.  This  grant  seems  to  have  been  made,  but  subsequently 
annulled  (S.  P.  Bom.,  Charles  I,  cxxxii,  No.  8).  About  the  year  1633 
Dynely  was  appointed  Secretary  to  the  Queen  of  Bohemia  (ante,  ii,  p.  348, 
Everett-Green,  v,  p.  524),  which  position  he  retained  many  years.  In 
August,  1633,  he  came  to  England  to  help  Sir  Francis  Nethersole  (whom 
he  succeeded  as  the  Queen's  Secretary),  who  had  got  into  trouble 
in  his  attempt  to  raise  a  voluntary  contribution  for  the  recovery  of  the 
Palatinate  (Gardiner,  vii,  pp.  343-4,  Cal.  S.  P.  Dam.,  1633,  p.  195). 
Dynely  shared  in  Nethersole's  disgrace,  and  failed  to  obtain  some  favour 
from  Charles  I,  for  which  he  petitioned  in  1638  (ante,  ii,  pp.  389-90). 
On  Jan.  6,  1640,  Dr.  Samson  Johnson,  Chaplain  to  the  Queen  of  Bohemia, 
wrote  that  Dynely  was  likely  to  succeed  Sir  Robert  Honey  wood,  the 
Queen's  Steward.  '  He  is  a  man  not  well  affected  to  the  Church  .  .  .  His 
Majesty  of  England  has  no  opinion  of  him,  and  justly,  but  the  ladies  will 
work  for  him  all  they  can  '  (Cal,  S.  P.  Dam.,  1639-40,  p.  306).  In  Dec. 
1653,  Dynely  petitioned  Cromwell  for  payment  of  the  arrears  owing  him 
among  other  of  the  Queen's  creditors.  His  pay  as  secretary  was  £400 
a. year,  and  on  Dec.  6,  1641,  Elizabeth,  'both  in  regard  of  his  long  and 
faithful  service,  and  of  his  present  necessity,'  granted  him  an  additional 
£400  a  year,  none  of  which,  however,  had  been  paid,  and  for  which  he 
now  petitioned  the  Protector.  Dynely' s  petition,  with  a  copy  of  the 
Queen  of  Bohemia's  warrant,  and  a  statement  by  Sir  Abraham  William 
that  the  £400  a  year  had  been  paid  him,  is  in  the  Record  Office 
(S.  P.  Dam.  Interregnum,  xlii,  No.  82).  Letters  of  John  Dynely 's, 
written  between  1626  and  1636,  will  be  found  calendared  among  the 
8.  P.  Dom.  for  those  years.     Six  letters,  written  between  1637  and  1643, 


APPENDIX   III  471 

arc  in  the  British  Museum  (Add.  MS,  29974).  Dynely  was  knighted 
before  1649  ;   I  do  not  know  the  date  of  his  death. 

Eliot,  Captain  Robert  (ante,  i,  p.  67),  can  probably  be  identified 
with  the  Capt.  Elliot  of  Devonshire  who,  in  1597,  piloted  the  Spanish 
fleet  from  Spain  to  Falmouth  (Hume,  Treason  and  Plot,  p.  257).  A 
letter  from  Robert  Eliot,  dated  Rome,  June  3,  1603,  is  in  the  Record 
Office  (S.  P.  Ital.  States).  Eliot  was  one  of  the  most  dangerous  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  plotters  against  James  I,  and  Wotton  made  three 
attempts  to  catch  him.  In  October,  1606,  hearing  that  Eliot  was 
coming  from  Rome  into  Venetian  territory,  Wotton  begged  the  Doge  that 
he  might  be  arrested  and  sent  in  irons  to  Venice,  which  would  be  a 
I  most  grateful  offering  to  the  King '.  Wotton  said  that  he  was  a  '  most 
venturesome  spirit,  of  evil  intentions,  of  broken  fortunes,  and  capable  of 
any  enterprise,  for  he  has  had  a  hand  in  every  plot  against  the  King  \ 
Wotton  handed  in  a  written  description  of  him,  a  very  short  man,  thick- 
set, with  black  hair,  a  short,  round,  black  beard  cut  in  the  French 
fashion,  and  thick  whiskers.  His  voice  was  strong  and  deep,  his  eyes 
sparkling  and  black  ;  his  step  was  quick,  he  dressed  like  a  Frenchman, 
and  spoke  French  and  Spanish  fluently  (Cal.  S.  P.  Ven.,  x,  pp.  416-7). 
The  Senate  voted  his  arrest,  but  as  he  went  to  Florence  and  not  to 
Venice,  Wotton  attempted  to  get  him  kidnapped  on  one  of  his  visits  to 
Lucca,  and  exchanged  for  Salvetti  (ante,  i,  pp.  401-2).  He  also  tried 
to  induce  the  Grand  Duke  to  imprison  Eliot,  telling  Montauto,  the 
Tuscan  Resident  in  Venice,  that  Eliot  was  *  the  greatest  scoundrel  who 
existed,  or  who  had  ever  existed  in  the  world'  (Montauto  to  Vinta, 
Aug.  4,  1607,  Arch.  Med.  3000).  The  Grand  Duke,  however,  made 
Eliot  a  captain  in  his  fleet,  and  Wotton's  attempts  failed  (ante,  i,  p.  402). 
Capt.  Eliot  seems  to  have  subsequently  entered  the  service  of  the 
Duke  of  Ossuna,  and  was  given  a  command  in  the  fleet  which  was  to 
attack  Venice  in  connexion  with  the  plot  of  1618  (Iiomanin,  vii, 
pp.  124-5,  140). 

Georges,  John  (ante,  ii,  p.  127),  possibly  the  John  George  or  Georges, 
son  and  heir  of  Robert  George  of  Cirencester,  who  graduated  from 
Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  in  1614,  and  was  M.P.  for  Cirencester  in  various 
Parliaments  from  1626  till  his  death  in  1677  (Foster,  Ox.). 

Leete,  William,  was  the  son  of  Giles  Leete,  of  Shelland,  Suffolk,  and 
Margaret  Bacon,  his  wife,  second  cousin  of  Sir  Edmund  Bacon  (Family 
of  Leete,  Charles  Bridger,  1881,  pedigree).  He  acted  as  steward  to  Sir 
Henry  Wotton,  1616-1619,  and  three  letters  from  him  (addressed  to 
Isaac  Bargrave)  written  in  the  year  1618  are  at  Eton  (Box.  Club,  pp. 
36,  46,  64).  He  afterwards  became  a  student  of  medicine  at  Padua, 
where  his  name  is  entered  in  1619-20,  '  D.  Gulielmus  Leet  Anglus  Cons. 
Scottae  die  IX  Septenibris  electus'  (Andrich,  p.  107).  He  died  at  Padua 
about  Xov.  1621  (ante,  ii,  p.  219). 

Mainwaring,  Sir  Henry,  Lieutenant  of  Dover  Castle,  belonged  to 
the  Mainwaring  family  of  Peover,  in  Cheshire.  He  was  author  of  The 
Seaman's  Dictionary  ;  or  An  Exjwsition  of  all  the  Parts  and  Things 
belonging  to  a  Shi}),  London,  1644.  He  had  been,  the  Venetian  ambas- 
sador Contarini  wrote, '  a  most  famous  pirate,  who  has  repeatedly  cruised 
both  in  the  Levant  and  the  Indies,  and  captured  a  number  of  vessels, 
having  had  as  many  as  six  or  eight  of  his  own ;  and  for  nautical  skill, 


472  APPENDIX   III 

for  fighting  his  ship,  for  his  mode  of  boarding,  and  for  resisting  the 
enemy,  he  is  said  not  to  have  his  superior  in  England'  (Duffus  Hardy, 
p.  85).  For  his  career  as  a  pirate  see  Corbelt,  i,  pp.  56-8.  He  was 
pardoned  in  1616,  and  James  I  recommended  him  for  service  in  the 
Venetian  navy.  He  was  first  chosen  for  command  of  the  ships  and 
troops  sent  to  Venice  in  1618  (ante,  ii,  p.  146  n.),  although  the  Spanish 
ambassador  strongly  objected  to  his  being  allowed  to  serve  a  State 
inimical  to  Spain  (Finetti,  Philoxenis,  p.  50;  Romanin,  vii,  p.  151  n.). 
Sir  Henry  Peyton  was  subsequently  chosen  to  command  these  troops ; 
but  in  1619  Mainwaring  came  to  Venice  to  offer  his  services  to  the 
Republic,  and  Wotton  recommended  him  to  the  Doge  in  his  audience 
of  Jan.  3,  1619.  As,  however,  there  was  no  post  vacant  at  that  time 
worthy  of  his  abilities,  he  returned  to  England,  bearing  letters  of  the 
date  of  Feb.  3,  1619,  the  Venetian  Government  paying  his  expenses 
(ante,  ii,  p.  162  ;  Rox.  Club,  p.  106). 

Marta,  Dr.  Jaoobo  Antonio,  a  Neapolitan  by  birth,  was  Professor  of 
Canon  Law  at  Padua,  1611-17,  of  Civil,  1617-21,  died  1621  (Cigogna, 
ii,  p.  372).  Sir  Dudley  Carleton  made  his  acquaintance  at  Padua 
in  1611,  describing  him  as  'a  public  professor  with  a  large  annual 
stipend,  one  who  hath  committed  as  palpable  idolatry  as  ever  was 
published  in  print  by  styling  the  Pope  M  a  God  upon  earth  ",  and  sub- 
mitting all  other  jurisdictions  whatsoever  both  civil  and  ecclesiastical 
to  his  omnipotency'  (S.  P.  Ven.,  Nov.  — ,  1611).  Dr.  Marta  was,  how- 
ever, willing  to  turn  an  honest  or  dishonest  penny  by  making  revelations 
of  the  iniquities  of  the  Roman  Court  to  James  I,  and  a  pension  was 
granted  him  for  this  purpose.  On  June  19,  1612,  he  wrote  to  James  I 
promising  a  Relation  of  the  Court  of  Rome  (S.  P.  Italian  States).  He 
wrote  again  to  the  King  in  1614,  and  Somerset  wrote  to  Carleton  to 
say  that  Malta's  '  vast  and  immoderate  ideas  are  to  be  restrained ' 
(Hist.  MSS.  Com.,  2nd  Rep.,  ii,  p.  52).  Carleton  handed  him  on  to  Wotton 
with  the  remark,  Wotton  wrote,  'that  there  was  good  to  be  made  of 
him,  but  I  should  find  him  full  of  Neapolitanarie,  which  well  translated 
are  shifts.  I  came  therefor  prepared  with  this  information,  not  so 
much  to  consider  his  nature  as  his  use'  (Rox.  Club,  p.  14).  His  use, 
Wotton  decided,  was  to  write  '  some  solid  work  touching  the  Roman 
Church';  which  Marta  composed,  and  sent  to  Jamts  I.  But  the  last 
and  most  important  chapter,  Touching  the  policy  with  which  the  Pope  doth 
govern  the  Princes  of  his  flock,  he  reserved,  craftily  enough,  only  sending 
the  title,  '  because  he  knew  it  would  move  desire.'  There  ensued  an 
amusing  game  between  the  doctor  and  the  ambassador,  each  keeping 
the  other  '  in  appetite  ' ;  the  ambassador  promising  money,  the  doctor  an 
exposure  of  'Roman  devices'.  Marta  seems  to  have  won  in  the  end,  as 
on  June  1,  1618,  Wotton  wrote  that  he  had  decided  *  to  comfort  him 
with  monies',  and  on  Aug.  21,  that  he  had  paid  him  £100,  upon  'assured 
promise  of  perfecting  those  things  which  the  King  requireth  '  (ibid., 
pp.  22,  58).  Marta  was  in  dubious  relations  with  the  Papal  Nuncio  as  well ; 
the  latter  writes  (Nov.  26,  1818)  that  Dr.  Marta  was  threatening  to  make 
some  exposure,  unless  a  certain  letter  was  given  him,  which  he  could  not 
get  (Mus.  Correr.  MS,  2355).  In  another  letter  (Jan.  18,  1617)  the 
Nuncio  says  that  Gregorio  de'  Monti  had  informed  his  secretary  that 
Dr.  Marta  had  never  visited  Wotton's  house  (ibid.).     Two  letters  from 


APPENDIX    III  473 

Dr.  Marta,  complaining  that  his  pension  was  not  paid,  an-  in  the  Kecord 
Office  (S.  P.  Italian  States,  Dec.  22,  1G1G,  Feb.  13,  1618). 

Mole,  John,  or  Molle,  was  born  in,  or  near,  South  Molton,  in 
Devonshire.  His  youth  was  mostly  spent  in  France,  and  he  served  as 
treasurer  for  Sir  Thomas  Sherley  in  Brittany.  At  the  defeat  of  Cambrai 
]]«■  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner,  but  afterwards  ransomed:  'Providence 
designing  him  neither  to  be  swallowed  by  the  surges,  nor  slain  by  the 
sword,  but  in  due  time  to  remain  a  land-mark  of  Christian  patience  to 
all  posterity'  (Fuller's  Church  History,  1655,  Book  x,  p.  48).  In  1G08 
he  was  in  Italy  as  tutor  to  Lord  Boos,  grandson  of  the  Earl  of  Exeter 
(<t>(h ,  i,  p.  428).  A  letter  from  Mole  to  Wotton,  dated  Florence,  Aug.  2, 
1608,  is  in  the  S.  P.  Ven.  He  informs  Wotton  that  M.  Lomax,  tutor 
to  Lord  St.  John  (ibid.),  had  died  confessing  himself  a  convert  to  Boman 
Catholicism.  Lord  Boos  went  to  Borne  shortly  afterwards.  Mole,  '  un- 
willingly-willing/ went  with  him,  and  was  immediately  arrested  by  order 
of  the  Inquisition.  He  was  arrested,  Donne  wrote,  owing  to  the  fact 
that  he  had,  in  some  translations  from  the  works  of  Duplessis-Mornay, 
written  of  Babylon  and  Antichrist  (Gosse,  i,  199),  and  Chamberlain 
sent  the  same  news  to  Carleton  (C.  and  T.  Jan.  I,  i,  p.  77).  "Wotton, 
however,  wrote  many  yeais  afterwards  (perhaps  for  the  purpose  of 
exciting  the  King's  interest)  that  it  was  the  possession  of  James  I's 
writings  that  got  him  into  trouble  (ante,  ii,  p.  257).  Mole  remained  in 
prison  thirty  years,  until  his  death  in  his  eighty-first  year,  the  Boman 
Catholics  trying  their  famous  controversialists  on  him,  one  after  the 
other.  His  constancy  aroused  great  admiration  in  the  Protestant  world, 
and  one  of  Joseph  Hall's  epistles  is  addressed  to  him,  '  exciting  him  to 
his  wonted  constancy,  and  encouraging  him  to  martyrdom.'  '  The  hearts 
of  all  good  men  are  with  you.  Neither  can  that  place  be  but  full  of 
angels,  which  is  the  continual  object  of  so  many  prayers.'  His  wife  and 
large  family,  Hall  states,  were  as  firm  as  Mole  himself  (Epistles,  Decades 
v,  vi,  London,  1610,  pp.  93-1 05).  Wotton  suggested  many  attempts  to  get 
Mole  released  by  exchange  or  other  methods  (ante,  i,  pp.  442,  508;  ii,  pp. 
126,  256),  and  Lord  Exeter,  Lord  Boos'  grandfather,  induced  Heniy  IV 
to  write  to  the  Pope  for  this  purpose.  On  Oct.  22,  1608,  Chamberlain 
wrote  to  Carleton,  '  There  is  great  means  used  for  Molle,  Lord  St.  John's 
and  Lord  Boos'  tutor,  as  well  by  the  Spanish  and  Venetian  ambassadors  as 
by  the  French  King,  which,  if  they  prevail  not,  it  is  thought  some  priests 
shall  fare  the  worse,  and  pay  the  reckoning'  (C.  and  T.  Jus.  I,  i,  p.  77). 
On  Jan.  3,  1610,  John  Pory  wrote  to  Sir  Dudley  Carleton,  '  Mr.  Mowle, 
my  Lord  Rosse's  tutor,  lies  still  at  Soul  Surgery  in  the  Inquisition,  the 
Pope  answering  the  French  King's  letter,  which  my  Lord  of  Exeter 
procured  for  Mowle's  release,  that  he  shall  be  dolce  trattato,  and  all  means 
used  for  his  conversion'  (S.  P.  Dom.,  James  I,  Hi,  No.  1).  On  Jan.  10, 
1 618,  Chamberlain  wrote  that  Lord  Exeter  complained  that  the  Spanish 
ambassador  had  not  kept  his  promise  to  procure  Mole's  release  (Cal.  S.  P. 
Dom.,  1611-18.  p.  512,  and  Wimvood  Mem.,  iii,  p.  407). 

Monti,  Gregorio  de,}  was  secretary  of  '  the  language  or  compliments ' 
to  Sir  Henry  AVotton  during  his  first  embassy,  to  his  successor,  Sir 
Dudley  Carleton,  and  again  to  Wotton,  1616-1619,  and  in  1621  until 
De'  Monti's  death  in  that  year.  His  pay  was  thirty  ducats  a  month  (ante, 
ii,  p.  105).  When  Carleton  was  at  Turin,  in  1615,  negotiating  the  Treaty 


474  APPENDIX   III 

of  Asti,  De'  Monti  was  left  in  charge  of  English  affairs  at  Venice,  and 
also  from  May,  1619,  to  March,  1621,  when  Wotton  was  away  from 
Venice.  In  his  speech  of  May  5,  1619,  Wotton  recommended  him  to  the 
Doge  as  a  *  persona  assai  prattica  e  discreta',  and  requested  the  Doge  to 
give  him  audience  whenever  it  was  necessary  (Esp.  Prin.,  May  5,  1619  ; 
Wotton's  speech  is  printed,  Col.  S.  P.  Ven.,  1202-1509,  p.  cxlvii). 
Gregorio  de'  Monti's  letters  to  Sir  Robert  Naunton,  1619-1621,  are  at 
Eton,  and  are  printed  in  the  volume  of  Wotton's  dispatches  published 
by  the  Roxburghe  Club.  On  June  24,  1616,  Wotton  and  Carleton  jointly 
petitioned  for  a  gratuity  for  De'  Monti  (S.  P.  Ven.),  and  on  Oct.  11 
Wotton  asked  for  a  letter  from  James  I  expressing  his  confidence  in  him, 
and  his  intention  to  make  use  of  his  services  in  the  future  (ante,  ii,  p.  1 05). 
A  transcript  of  a  Latin  letter  to  this  effect,  dated  Dec.  30,  1616,  and 
signed  by  James  I,  is  in  the  S.  P.  Ven.  On  Oct.  7,  1616,  De'  Monti 
wrote  to  Wotton  that  he  had  married  a  wife,  '  la  quale  e povera  e  bruta* 
His  reason  for  his  choice  was,  he  said,  lest  he  should  become  jealous,  or 
she  grow  proud  (S.  P.  Ven.).  Gregorio  died  Nov.  22,  1621.  In  his 
audience  of  Feb.  27,  1622,  "Wotton  pronounced  a  eulogy  on  the  character 
and  faithfulness  of  his  late  secretary  (Esp.  Prin.).  De*  Monti  seems  to 
have  attempted  to  enter  into  secret  relations  with  the  Papal  Nuncio, 
Gessi,  who  writes  (Jan.  18, 1617)  that  he  was  not,  however,  to  be  trusted, 
'  essendo  persona  molto  astuta ',  and  in  intimate  relations  with  the  heretics 
(Mus.  Correr.  MS.,  2355).  De'  Monti's  purpose  was  probably,  as  the 
Nuncio  suspected,  to  get  secret  information  which  he  could  betray 
to  Wotton. 

Morton,  Sir  Albertus  (1584  ?-1625),  youngest  son  of  George 
Morton,  of  Esture  or  Eshere,  in  Chilham,  Kent.  His  grandfather  was 
Robert  Morton,  whose  widow  (Eleanor,  daughter  of  Sir  William  Finch) 
married  Thomas  Wotton,  and  was  Sir  Henry  Wotton's  mother.  Albertus 
Morton  was  educated  at  Eton,  and  elected  scholar  of  King's  College, 
Cambridge,  in  1602.  He  accompanied  AVotton  to  Venice  in  1604,  and 
on  Nov.  24,  1606,  Wotton  introduced  him  to  the  Doge,  stating  that  he 
was  about  to  send  him  to  England,  and  he  thought  the  Doge  might  like 
to  entrust  him  with  dispatches  for  the  Venetian  ambassador  there. 
Morton,  he  said,  was  '  well-born,  a  close  relation  and  dear  friend  of  one 
of  the  King's  most  intimate  councillors,  and,  in  fact,  a  person  who  might 
be  useful  to  the  Venetian  ambassador'  (Cal.  S.  P.  Ven.,  x,  p.  435).  He 
was  in  England  by  Dec.  28,  1606,  having  made  a  very  quick  journey. 
The  object  of  his  mission  was  to  give  James  I  full  information  about  the 
dispute  between  Venice  and  the  Pope.  He  was  received  by  James  I,  and 
did  all  he  could  to  confirm  the  King  in  his  determination  to  stand  by  the 
Republic  (ibid.,  pp.  451,  453,  462).  In  June,  1609,  Morton  was  again 
sent  to  England,  and  Wotton  gave  him  letters  of  introduction  to  Prince 
Henry  and  Salisbury  (ante,  i,  pp.  459-60).  He  returned,  apparently,  in 
the  same  year,  bringing  copies  of  Jamesl's  newly  printed Pren\onition(ibid., 
p.  466).  In  1611  he  travelled  with  Wrotton  to  Paris,  and  AVotton  being 
detained  there,  sent  him  on  ahead  to  England  (ibid.,  p.  503).  In  Nov., 
1611,  he  was  at  Cambridge  (ibid.,  p.  118n.),  and  in  March,  1612,  he 
accompanied  Wotton  to  Turin.  On  May  28  he  was  sent  back  to  England 
with  special  dispatches  (ibid.,  ii,  p.  6),  returning  again  almost  at  once 
with  a  present  of  a  jewel  from  the  Queen  to  Wotton,  and  the  request  for 


APPENDIX   III  17:, 

Wotton's  Immediate  return  (ibid.,  i,  p.  124).  In  May,  1G13,  he  WU 
almost  killed  by  the  running  away  of  his  horses  in  London,  and  suffered 
injuries  from  which  he  apparently  never  completely  recovered  (ibid.,  ii, 
p.  27).  In  this  year  lie  was  appointed  agent  to  the  Duke  of  Savoy, 
from  whom  he  had  already  accepted  a  pension  (ibid.,  i,  p.  132  n.).  His 
journey  was  delayed  until  May,  1614  (Cal.  S.P.Dom.,  1611-18,  p.  234). 
In  this  year  also  he  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Council  (ibid,,  p.  263). 
On  Aug.  4,  1614,  Morton  wrote  from  Turin  (S.  P.  Savoy),  but  returned 
almost  immediately  to  England.  On  Dec.  26  he  was  at  Amiens,  and 
Jan.  13,  1615,  in  Paris  on  his  return  to  Italy,  and  on  Feb.  3  he  wrote  to 
Somerset  from  Turin.  On  March  25  he  wrote  again  to  Somerset,  re- 
commending that  Isaac  Wake  (who  was  in  Turin  as  Sir  Dudley  Carleton's 
secretary)  should  be  appointed  to  succeed  him,  as  his  own  health  had 
been  ruined  by  his  accident  in  1 613.  On  March  27, 1615,Carleton  wrote  to 
Chamberlain,  '  I  here  find  Mr.  Albert  Morton  much  thrown  down,  both  in 
body  and  mind,  and,  indeed,  in  that  condition  that  his  physicians  send 
him  ad  monies  et  aquas,  which  is  a  desperate  condition.  Three  days 
since  he  came  to  me  expressly,  and  made  a  long  narration  of  his  private 
estate,  which  he  would  make  appear  suffered  much  by  his  absence  out  of 
England,  chiefly  by  being  put  out  of  the  way  of  a  good  fortune  by  his 
mistress  which  he  was  in  danger  to  lose,  but  this  particularity  he  did 
rather  accennare  than  say  directly.  From  this  he  fell  to  discourse  of  his 
weakness,  which  he  said  began  by  a  fall  out  of  a  coach,  whereby  his  head 
was  so  bruised  that  he  hath  been  ever  since  on  the  left  side  little  better 
than  paralytic,  which  doth  increase  upon  him  cum  palpitatione  cordis.' 
Carleton  adds  that  Morton  was  so  overcome  with  his  melancholy  humour 
'  that  he  scarce  talks  of  himself  without  tears  '.  On  April  4  Winwood 
wrote  to  say  that  Morton  had  been  revoked,  and  Wake  appointed  in  his 
place  (S.  P.  Savoy).  Letters  from  Morton  to  Winwood,  dated  at  Turin 
April  16  and  May  20,  are  in  the  S.  P.  Savoy,  and  one  from  Lyons  of 
June  26,  in  which  he  says  that  he  left  Turin  on  the  14th  of  that  month. 
He  joined  Wotton  at  the  Hague,  and  went  on  to  England,  bearing  letters 
dated  July  1,  0.  S.  (ante,  ii,  p.  83).  In  1616  he  was  appointed  secretary 
to  the  Princess  Elizabeth  at  Heidelberg,  and  agent  to  the  Princes  of  the 
Union,  his  pay  being  £200  a  year  (CaZ.&P.iMm.,  1611-18,  pp.  360,  396). 
In  1617  he  was  knighted,  and  in  Oct.,  1618,  he  returned  to  England  ill, 
and  under  the  care  of  a  physician  (ibid.,  p.  585).  He  was  given  a  formal 
grant  of  a  Clerkship  of  the  Council,  April  6,  1619  (ibid.,  1619-23,  pp. 
16,  34),  and  in  Dec,  1620,  he  was  sent  with  £30,000  to  the  Princes  of 
the  Union,  to  urge  them  to  defend  the  Palatinate  (ibid.,  p.  198).  His 
instructions  are  in  the  S.  P.  Germany  States.  For  his  reception  see  Gar- 
diner, iv,  p.  184.  He  was  back  in  England  again  by  March  12,  1621 
(Cal.  S.  P.  Dom.,  1619-23,  p.  233).  In  1622  he  was  anxious  to  be  made 
Provost  of  King's  College,  Cambridge,  but  Dr.  Collins  would  not  resign 
the  post  to  him  (ibid.,  pp.  465,  467).  On  Jan.  4,  1623,  Chamberlain 
wiote  that  he  had  resigned  his  Clerkship  to  Sir  William  Beecher,  because 
he  was  impatient  at  being  sent  away  when  any  Spanish  business  was 
discussed  (ibid.,  p.  480).  In  this  year  he  was  among  the  candidates  for 
the  Provostship  of  Eton  (ante,  i,  p.  199).  On  Jan.  13,  1624,  he  married 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Apsley,  and  Lady  in  Waiting  to  the 
Queen  of  Bohemia.    Before  July  26  in  this  year  he  was  appointed  ambas- 


476  APPENDIX   III 

sador  to  France  (Cal.  S.  P.  Bom.,  1623-5,  pp.  327,  330),  but  the  appoint- 
ment seems  to  have  been  cancelled,  as  he  did  not  go  to  France  till  the 
following  year.  On  Feb.  9,  1625,  Morton  was  appointed  secretary  of 
state  in  succession  to  Sir  George  Calvert  {Gardiner,  v,  p.  310),  and  in 
May  of  this  year  he  accompanied  Buckingham  to  Paris,  and  on  June  14 
he  was  dispatched  to  the  Netherlands  to  urge  the  Dutch  to  join  with 
England  in  an  attack  on  Flanders.  He  died  on  Sept.  6,  1625,  a  few 
days  after  his  return  to  England  (ibid.,  v,  pp.  330,  335  ;  vi,  p.  9).  Wotton 
speaks  of  Buckingham's  '  singular  love'  to  Morton  (ante,  ii,  p.  294),  and 
his  premature  death  cut  short  a  career  of  brilliant  promise.  Besides 
those  mentioned  above,  letters  from  Morton  to  Sir  Thomas  Lake,  dated 
Dec.  8,  1617,  and  Jan.  3,  1618;  to  Carleton,  dated  May  28  and  July  16, 
1618,  are  in  the  S.  P.  Ger.  States;  a  letter  of  Oct.  18,  1619,  to  Lord 
Doncaster,  is  in  the  Egertmi  MS.  (2593  f.  33),  and  eleven  letters  between 
May,  1624  and  March,  1625,  are  calendared  in  the  *S'.  P.  Dom. 

Mountford,  Osbert,  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Mountford,  and  was  educated 
at  Eton,  being  elected  to  King  s  College  in  1601  (Harwood,  p.  206).  In 
1609  he  was  in  Italy  as  tutor  to  his  kinsman,  William  Lytton  (ante,  i, 
p.  477),  and  made  Wotton's  acquaintance  at  Venice,  who  described  him 
as  '  very  religious  and  very  learned,  and  of  diligent  observation '  (S.  P. 
Ven.,  August,  1610).  In  1614  he  went  to  the  Hague  as  Wotton's  prin- 
cipal secretary,  and  on  Aug.  18  he  carried  dispatches  to  England.  His 
account  of  Wotton's  negotiations  up  to  this  date  is  now  in  the  Record 
Office  (ante,  ii,  p.  43).  He  returned  to  the  Hague,  and  was  sent  home 
again  in  December,  but  sailing  from  Flushing,  his  ship  was  upset  in  a 
gust,  and  he  himself  was  drowned,  and  his  dispatches  lost  (ante,  ii, 
pp.  64,  67). 

Partridge,  Edward  (ante,  i,  pp.  346,  348),  was  probably  the  Edward 
Partridge  or  Partherick  of  Eridge,  Kent,  who  was  at  Magdalen  Hall, 
Oxford,  matriculating  Oct.  10,  1589,  aet.  15,  and  student  of  the  Inner 
Temple,  1594  (Foster,  Ox.). 

Parkhurst,  William,  wrongly  identified  in  the  D.  iV.  B.  with  John 
Parkhurst,  Master  of  Balliol  1617-37  (D.  K  B.,  xliii,  p.  309).  William 
Parkhurst  was  with  Wotton  at  Venice,  1604-10,  acting  as  assistant  secre- 
tary, and  Wotton  dictated  to  him  many  of  his  dispatches  during  this  period. 
In  1608  he  was  sent  to  England  bearing  letters  dated  April  24,  and 
after  some  delay,  owing  to  illness  and  misadventure,  he  arrived  back  in 
Venice  on  Sept.  9  (ante,  i,  pp.  420,  435  n.).  He  returned  to  England 
with  Wotton  in  1611,  and  went  into  Kent  in  the  autumn  of  that  year 
(ibid.,  118  n.).  In  1612  he  accompanied  Wotton  to  Turin,  and 
Wotton  left  him  there  as  English  agent  (Cal.  S.  P.  Ven.,  xii,  p.  379). 
On  Dec.  12,  1612,  he  was  visited  by  the  Venetian  ambassador,  Gussoni, 
who  described  him  as  a  person  '  so  sagacious  and  reticent  that  it  is 
impossible  to  extract  any  valuable  information  from  him '  (ibid., 
p.  459).  He  remained  abroad  till  the  end  of  1614,  acting  as  informal 
English  agent  to  the  Duke  of  Savoy,  and  his  dispatches  from  Feb.  7, 
1613  to  Dec.  20,  1614  are  in  the  S.  P.  Savoy.  In  April,  1613, 
the  Duke  of  Savoy  (then  engaged  in  war  with  Mantua)  summoned 
him,  alone  of  all  the  envoys  at  Turin,  to  the  camp,  for  the  purpose, 
Gussoni  thought,  of  fostering  the  idea  of  some  secret  intelligence 
between  himself  and  James  I  (Cal.  S.  P.  Ven.,  xii,  p.  528).     On  May  3 


APPENDIX   III  477 

be  was  at  Vercelli,  and  a  little  later  the  Duke  sent  him  on  a  pacificatory 
mission  to  Geneva.  He  gives  an  account  of  this  journey  in  a  dispatch  of 
June  10,  1613  (S.  P.  Savoy).  He  says  that,  being  aware  that  the 
complaints  of  the  Genevans  against  the  Duke  of  Savoy  bad  made  a  diffi- 
culty in  the  way  of  the  former  treaty  (for  a  marriage  between  Prince 
Henry  and  the  Infanta  Maria),  and  fearing  tbe  same  difficulty  in  the 
proposals  for  a  marriage  between  Prince  Charles  and  a  Savoy  Princess, 
and  also  thinking  that  the  Genevans  might  take  advantage  of  the  war 
with  Mantua  to  attack  Savoy,  he  suggested  to  Charles  Emmanuel  that 
he  should  go  to  Geneva  to  arrange  for  more  friendly  relations  between 
Geneva  and  Savoy,  expressing  the  good  will  of  the  Duke,  and  bis  desire 
that  James  I  should  be  made  arbiter  of  the  differences  between  them. 
The  Duke  accepted  his  proposal,  and  sent  with  him  the  Conte  di 
Cart  iguana.  Leaving  Turin  on  May  14  they  reached  Geneva  on  the  18th, 
and  saw  the  Syndics  and  principal  people,  including  Giovanni  Diodati. 
They  remained  there  till  May  29,  but  Cartignana  was  extremely  anxious 
to  be  gone.  This  mission  was  undertaken  by  Parkhurst  without  orders 
from  home,  and  the  news  of  it  caused  considerable  talk  and  speculation 
(see  Chamberlain  to  Winwood,  July  8,  1613,  Winwood  Mem.,  iii,  p.  469). 
Carleton  wrote  from  Venice  to  Winwood  (June  21,  1613)  that  the  Bwiai 
were  much  alarmed  by  Parkhurst's  journey,  thinking  it  must  have  been 
undertaken  with  the  connivance  of  James  I.  '  He  went  clothed  by  the 
Duke  of  Savoy  with  many  magnifical  titles,  and  hath  the  honour  to  be 
up  to  the  ears  in  our  Gazettes'  (ibid.,  p.  464).  On  June  12,  1613, 
Giustinian,  the  Venetian  ambassador  at  Paris,  writes  of  the  'great 
scandal '  caused  in  Paris  by  the  news  of  Parkhurst's  declarations  (Cal.  S.  P. 
Yen.,  xii,  p.  550).  When  Antonio  Foscarini  brought  the  matter  to  the 
notice  of  James  I,  the  King  said,  '  I  am  amazed  at  this.  That  person  is 
no  secretary  of  mine,  but  a  certain  individual  left  behind  by  Wotton 
without  my  orders.'  The  King,  Foscarini  wrote,  seemed  much  annoyed 
at  Parkhurst's  action,  declared  that  he  knew  nothing  about  it,  and  added 
that  it  must  be  some  trick  of  the  Duke's  to  gain  prestige  (ibid.,  p.  554). 
As  Albertus  Morton,  the  officially  appointed  agent  to  the  Duke  of  Savoy, 
was  expected  back  at  Turin,  Parkhurst  left  Italy  at  the  end  of  1614,  and 
on  Dec.  26  met  Morton  at  Amiens,  and  travelled  to  England  with  a  letter 
in  which  Morton  wrote,  '  the  bearer  of  these  is  a  servant  of  Sir  Henry 
Wotton's,  sent  me,  upon  my  former  sudden  departure,  into  Italy,  and  by 
me  left  at  Thurin  to  satisfy  the  Duke  in  the  assuredness  of  my  return 
thither.  Now  having,  as  it  seemeth,  signified  his  unwillingness  to  stay 
there,  the  Duke  hath  prevailed  himself  of  the  occasion  of  sending,  and  for 
that  j)urpose  hath  been  at  the  expense  of  his  journey,  as  himself  hath 
told  me.  This  I  thought  good  to  signify  unto  your  Honour  because  the 
Conte  (Scarnafissi,  with  whom  Parkhurst  was  travelling)  seemeth  to 
doubt  that  his  unexpected  desire  of  returning  into  England  hath  bred  in 
his  Highness  some  jealousy'  (S.  P.  Savoy,  Dec.  26,  1614).  On  March  3, 
1615,  Parkhurst  was  again  in  Turin,  and  Carleton  wrote  that  he  was 
going  in  the  Duke's  service  to  the  States.  His  object  was  no  doubt  to 
help  Count  Scarnafissi  in  his  negotiations  for  a  Dutch  subsidy  to  aid  in 
the  Montferrat  war. 

Of  William  Parkhurst's  subsequent  history  I  know  little.      He  can 
probably  be  identified  with  the  William  Parkhurst  mentioned  as  Warden 


478  APPENDIX   III 

of  the  Mint  in  1628  {Cal.  S.  P.  Dam.,  1628-9,  p.  155),  and  the  Sir 
William  l'arkhurst,  of  London,  who  was  assessed  at  £300  on  March  6, 
1648,  and  ordered  to  pay  £150  (Cal.  Comtee  for  Advance  of  Money,  p.  867). 

Rooke,  George,  can  almost  certainly  be  identified  with  the  George 
Rooke,  son  of  John  Rooke  of  Canterbury,  who  purchased  the  manor  of 
Monkshorton  in  Kent,  6th  Charles  I,  and  who  was  the  father  of  Lawrence 
Rooke,  the  astronomer,  and  grandfather  of  Sir  George  Rooke,  the  famous 
admiral.  He  died  in  1649,  aet.  69  (Berry,  Kent,  p.  301  ;  Genealogist,  1st 
ser.,  iv,  pp.  196,  204;  D.  N.  B.  xlix,  pp.  204,  209).  George  Rooke  was 
with  Wotton  in  Venice  in  1605,  and  was  sent  in  this  year  to  Naples 
(ante,  i,  p.  328).  Wotton  sent  him  to  England,  Aug.  25,  1606,  and  to  Pisa 
in  1607,  to  command  Sir  Robert  Dudley  to  return  to  England,  when  he 
visited  Lucca,  and  was  approached  by  the  magistrates  of  that  Rejmblio 
about  the  proposed  kidnapping  of  Salvetti  (ibid.,  p.  401  n.).  In  1608 
he  was  sent  to  Padua  to  prosecute  the  murderer  of  young  Julius  Caesar. 
Later  in  the  year  he  returned  to  England,  but  fell  ill  on  the  way  at 
Brescia,  and  Wotton  feared  that  he  had  been  poisoned  by  the  friends  of 
Caesar's  murderer  (ibid.  p.  436  n.).  He  was  at  Padua  again  at  the  end 
of  1609.  As  '  Georgius  Roccho'  his  name  appears  in  1607-8  among 
the  law  students  at  Padua  (Andrich,  p.  137).  Four  of  his  letters  are 
preserved  in  the  Record  Office,  AjDril  18,  1608,  to  Francis  Windebank,  in 
which  he  writes  that  he  is  buying  collections  of  songs  and  books  on 
history  for  Windebank  (S.  P.  Ven.);  June  4,  1608,  to  Salisbury  (ibid.); 
Dec.  24,  1607,  from  Padua  to  Windebank  (>SY.  P.  Bom.,  Jas.  I,  xxviii, 
No.  1 2  3) ;  Oct.  6, 1 6 1 1 ,  from  Padua  to  Lord  Salisbury  (S.  P.  Italian  State*). 
George  Rooke  was  one  of  the  many  sons  of  Kentish  neighbours  whom 
Wotton  took  into  his  service,  and  while  at  Venice  he  had  general  charge 
of  the  affairs  relating  to  Tuscany.  Coryate  made  his  acquaintance  when 
visiting  Italy  in  1608,  and  describes  him  as  'a  Kentish  Gentleman,  one 
of  the  principal  favourites  of  that  honourable  Gentleman,  Sir  Henry 
Wotton  .  .  .  and  a  worthy  traveller '.  Coryate  adds,  '  This  Gentleman 
Mr.  George  Rooke  used  me  so  kindly  both  in  Venice  and  Padua,  that  he 
hath  perpetually  bound  me  unto  him  in  a  very  Gordian  knot  of 
friendship'  (Crudities,  p.  128). 

Sarpi,  Paolo  (or  more  correctly,  Pietro).  I  have  already  described 
the  relations  between  Wotton  and  Sarpi  (ante,  i,  pp.  87,  455  n.),  and  it 
is  not  necessary  to  give  here  a  biography  of  this  famous  man.  A  note 
on  the  portrait  of  Sarpi,  reproduced,  ante,  ii,  p.  371,  may  be  of  interest. 
Fulgenzio  Micanzio,  in  his  life  of  Sarpi,  after  mentioning  his  unwillingness 
to  be  painted,  says  that  the  existing  portraits  are  all  copies  d'uno  die  si 
dice  esser  nella  galeria  d'un  gran  Re,  che  gli  fu  tolto,  contra  sua  voglia,  e 
con  bel  stratagema  (Vita  del  Padre  Paolo,  1659,  p.  140).  There  can 
be  little  doubt  that  James  I  is  the  King  referred  to,  and  that  the  bel 
stratagema  was  planned  by  Sir  Henry  Wotton.  On  Sept.  13,  1607, 
Wotton  wrote  that  he  was  sending  a  portrait  of  Sarpi  to  England, 
'taken  from  him  at  my  request'  (ante,  i,  p.  399);  and  the  stratagem 
seems  to  have  consisted  in  sending  a  painter  to  see  Sarpi,  who  made 
a  sketch  of  the  Father,  presumably  without  his  knowledge  (ibid,,  ii, 
p.  371).  This  portrait,  however,  never  reached  England;  the  Pope 
devised  another  bel  stratagema,  and  when  the  bearer,  Charles  Bushy, 
reached  Milan,  he  was  arrested,  imprisoned  in  the  Inquisition,  and  the 


APPENDIX    III  479 

portrait  confiscated  (ibid.,  i,  p.  399  n.).     But  on  Dec.  21,   1607,  After 

the  attentat  at  assassination,  Wotton  sent  another  portrait  of  Sarpi, 
procured  no  doubt  by  the  same  means,  '  with  the  late  addition  of  his 
.-cars.'  The  bearer  was  Captain  Pinner  (ibid.,  pp.  407-8).  From  this 
portrait,  and  a  companion  picture  of  Fulgenzio,  frequent  replicas  were 
bade,  and  Wotton,  after  his  return  to  England,  seems  to  have  been  in 
the  habit  of  giving  them  to  his  friends.  The  letter  he  wrote  when 
presenting  one  to  Dr.  Collins,  Provost  of  King's  College,  Cambridge,  has 
already  been  printed  (ante,  ii,  p.  371).  Another  pair  of  these  replicas 
(no  doubt  a  present  from  Wotton)  was  bequeathed  by  Donne  to 
J  >r.  King  (Gosse,  ii,  p.  360) ;  another  was  in  the  rooms  of  Sir  Nathaniel 
Brent  at  Merton  College ;  another  at  Roy  don  Hall  (iV.  and  Q.,  2nd  ser., 
vii,  p.  351)  :  and  a  sixth  portrait  of  Sarpi  seems  to  have  been  in  the 
sion  of  a  brother  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Blithe,  Master  of  Clare  Hall 
(letter  of  Edward  Browne  to  Samuel  Blithe,  quoted  Cal.  8,  P.  Vtn.,  xi, 
p.  xxxvi).  The  portrait  of  Sarpi  at  King's  College  disappeared  after 
1744  (N.  and  Q.,  2nd  ser.,  vii,  350),  that  at  Roydon  Hall  about  1827 
(ibid.,  iv,  122),  and  all  attempts  to  trace  these  or  any  other  of  Sarpi's 
portraits  in  England  have  hitherto  been  unsuccessful,  none  of  those 
interested  in  the  subject  being  aware  that  one  of  them  is  preserved  in 
the  picture  gallery  of  the  Bodleian.  On  taking  down  this  portrait 
1  found  that  it  corresponded  exactly  to  Wotton's  description  of  the 
picture  he  presented  to  Dr.  Collins — the  black  frame,  the  mark  of 
wounds  on  the  face — and  the  title  of  Wotton's  invention,  Concilii 
Trident  ini  Eviscerator,  is  painted  on  it  in  large  letters.  This  portrait 
is  mentioned  in  Anthony  a  Wood's  MS.  catalogue  of  the  Bodleian 
pictures,  and  cannot  therefore  be  identical  with  the  one  presented  to 
Dr.  Collins,  which  was  hanging  in  King's  College  long  after  the  date  of 
Anthony  a  Wood's  death.  It  may  possibly  be  the  original  sent  to  Lord 
Salisbury,  or  it  may  be  Sir  Nathaniel  Brent's  replica  ;  but  most  probably 
it  was  presented  by  Wotton  himself,  who  made  several  other  gifts  to  the 
Bodleian.  Pine's  engraving,  published  in  the  Rights  of  Sovereigns  and 
Subjects,  1722,  corresponds  in  attitude  and  features  to  this  picture,  and 
was  evidently  made  from  the  original  sent  to  England  by  Wotton,  or 
from  one  of  the  many  replicas.  Pine  has,  however,  omitted  the  round 
black  plaster  which  marks  the  stiletto  wound  in  the  right  cheek. 
While  possessing  no  artistic  merit,  this  portrait  (even  if  it  be  only  a 
replica)  is  of  interest  as  one  of  the  most  authentic  likenesses  of  Sarpi  in 
existence,  and  the  only  one  bearing  the  marks  of  the  assassin's  stiletto, 
made  as  Sarpi  wittily  remarked,  Stylo  Romanae  Curiae.  (The  in- 
formation in  this  note  has  already  been  printed  in  xV.  and  Q.,  10th  ser., 
iii,  pp.  201-2.) 

Scioppius,  Gaspar.  A  full  account  of  the  life  and  works  of 
Scioppius  will  be  found  in  vol.  ii  of  Charles  Nisard's  Les  Gladiateurs  de 
la  Rejmblique  des  Lettres  aux  XVe,  XVIe,  XVIIe  Siecles,  Paris,  I860. 
Scioppius  answered  Wotton's  letter  to  Mark  Welser  in  his  Oporini 
Grubinii  Legatus  Latro,  Ingolstadt,  1615.  He  tells  the  story  he  had 
heard  of  Wotton  at  Venice  (ante,  i,  p.  69  n.) :  he  says  that  James  I  called 
the  Catholic  Princes  Serenissimos  Porcos  (Legatus  Latro,  p.  13) ;  he 
relates  how,  when  he  was  at  Augsburg  in  1612,  Sir  Dudley  Carleton's 
secretary  (Isaac  Wake  1)  attempted  to  have  him  poisoned,  and  how  when 


480  APPENDIX    III 

he  had  taken  refuge  at  Milan,  the  secretary  caused  him  to  be  shot  at 
when  he  was  one  day  reading  at  a  window  ;  and  how  in  Spain  in  1614 
he  was  set  on  by  bravadoes  in  the  pay  of  the  English  ambassador,  Lord 
Digby,  and  nearly  killed,  but  protected  by  the  Virgin.  He  draws  the 
conclusion,  Legatus  Calvinianus,  maxime  Anglicanus,  est  vir  bonus  per egre 
missus  ad  mentiendum  et  latrocinandum  suae  Reip.  causa  (ibid., 
pp.  26-8,  31,  67).  Lord  Digby,  however,  declared  that  he  meant  only 
to  give  Scioppius  a  beating,  and  Nisard  suggests  that  Scioppius  himself 
hired  the  bravadoes  in  order  to  make  himself  a  martyr.  Scioppius  again 
mentions  Wotton  in  his  Hoi.  Krigsoederi  .  .  .  Responsio  ad  Episi. 
Is.  Cazoboni,  Ingolstadt,  1615,  when  he  declares  that  Casaubon  kept 
a  pretty  servant  girl  in  his  house  for  the  entertainment  of  travellers,  and 
among  them  Wotton,  and  for  the  purpose  of  getting  more  money  out  of 
them  (quoted  by  Nisard,  ii,  pp.  102,  198). 

Seymer,  Richard,  was  third  son  of  John  Seymer,  of  Hanford,  Dorset 
(Hutchins,  Dorset,  1873,  iv,  pp.  61,  66).  He  was  at  Brasenose  College 
(matric.  June  22,  1599,  aged  15),  and  student  of  the  Middle  Temple, 
1602  (Foster,  Ox.).  Eight  of  Richard  Seymer's  letters,  written  between 
1613  and  1619,  are  in  the  British  Museum  (Add.  MS.  28974),  and  from 
these  it  appears  that  he  was  at  Paris  learning  French  in  Aug.  1613, 
and  that  he  accompauied  Wotton  to  the  Hague  and  Xanten  in  1614. 
He  was  at  Venice  in  AVotton's  service  in  1617,  and  accompanied  the 
Jesuit  Praepositus,  Cerronio,  to  England  in  that  year.  On  October  28, 
1617,  he  was  paid  £275  (ante,  ii,  pp.  120,  122  n.,  123  n.).  Will  Leete 
wrote  from  Venice,  July  8,  1618,  'We  hear  ill  news  of  Mr.  Richard 
Seamor,  that  he  should  be  slain  in  France.  We  all  hope  it  is  not  true  I 
(Rox.  Club,  p.  38).  He  was  back  in  Venice  by  August,  1618  (ante, 
ii,  p.  156),  and  in  November  Wotton  sent  him  to  visit  his  correspondents 
among  the  Grisons,  to  see  about  the  project  of  founding  Protestant 
seminaries  (ibid.,  p.  150  n.).  He  was  in  Venice  again  on  April  16, 
1619  (Add.  MS.  28974,  f.  46).  On  March  22,  1650,  Richard  Seymour, 
of  Hanford,  Dorset,  compounded  for  delinquency  '  in  adhering  to  the 
late  king  in  the  first  war  only'  (Cal.  Comtee  for  Compounding,  2231). 

Terringham,  Sir  Arthur  (or  Tyringham),  second  son  of  Anthony 
Tyringham,  of  Bucks,  was  at  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  matriculating 
Jan.  18,  1600,  aet.  16.  Student  of  the  Middle  Temple,  1600.  M.P. 
Brackley,  1614,  killed  1642  (Foster,  Ox.).  In  1617  Wotton  sent  him 
and  Richard  Seymer  to  England  with  Cerronio  (ante,  ii,  p.  120).  Sir 
Arthur  Terringham  appeared  as  a  witness  in  Strafford's  trial,  giving 
evidence  to  the  effect  that  Charles  I  had  not  intended  to  land  the  Irish 
forces  in  England  (Cal.  S.  P.  Bom,,  1640-1,  p.  541).  In  1639 
Terringham  was  residing  with  his  wife  in  Anglesea,  and  had  a  quarrel 
with  his  neighbour,  Sir  Thomas  Holland,  about  seats  in  the  parish  church 
of  Llanfihangel.  Holland,  although  living  in  another  parish,  attended 
Llanfihangel  Church,  as  it  was  nearer  his  house,  and  he  was  '  old  and 
heavy ',  and  had  erected  seats  above  the  seats  of  the  Terringham  family, 
who  petitioned  to  have  them  removed  (Cal.  S.  P.  Bom.,  1639-40, 
pp.  165,310,612). 

Throckmorton,  Sir  Arthur  (1557-1626),  eldest  son  of  Sir  Nicholas 
Throckmorton  the  diplomatist  (see  D.  N.  B.).  He  entered  Magdalen 
College  1571,  aet.  14,  was  M.P.  for  Colchester  1588-9,  and  was  knighted 


APPENDIX    TTI  481 

at  Cadi/.  1596.  He  married  a  sister  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  and  resided 
:it  Paulerspury,  Northants.  His  daughter  Mary  married  Thomas,  second 
Lord  Wotton  (ante,  i,  p.  484  n.).  At  his  death  in  1626  he  left  the 
diplomatic  papers  of  his  father  to  Wotton,  who  bequeathed  them  to 
Charles  I  (ibid.,  p.  217).  He  also  left  a  collection  of  MSS.  to  Mtigdalen 
College,  Oxford  (Coxe,  Catalogue  Codicum  MSS.,  ii,  pp.  19,  25,  87). 
Mary  Lady  Wotton  inherited  Paulerspury. 

Woodward,  Rowland,  brother  of  Thomas  Woodward,  was  in  Venice 
with  Wotton  in  1605,  when  he  was  sent  as  a  spy  to  Milan,  and  imprisoned 
in  the  Inquisition  (ante,  i,  pp.  325-8).  In  1607  Wotton  sent  him  with 
dispatches  to  England,  and  he  was  attacked  by  robbers  in  France,  and 
left  for  dead,  but  afterwards  rescued  (ibid.,  365  n.).  On  Feb.  2,  1608, 
Thomas  Woodward  was  paid  £60  for  Rowland  Woodward  '  for  his 
iirgeons  and  diets  '  (Issues,  Ex.,  p.  55,  Nichols,  Jas.  I,  ii,  p.  247).  On 
April  4,  1608,  Wotton  wrote  that  Rowland  Woodward  had  been  placed 
with  the  Bishop  of  London  (ante,  i,  p.  420).  Three  letters  from  Rowland 
Woodward  to  Francis  Windebank,  written  in  1 620,  are  in  the  S.  P.  Dam., 
(cxv,  Nos.  21,  50;  cxvi,  No.  1).  He  was  then  hoping  to  go  to  Vienna 
in  Wotton 's  suite,  but  complained  of  Wotton's  procrastination  and  incon- 
stancy, and  wrote  of  his  love  for  Windebank's  '  sweet  sister  Nel '. 
Another  letter  to  Windebank  concerning  the  Spanish  match  is  printed  in 
dutch,  Collectanea  (i,  181).  On  Oct.  17,  1625,  Rowland  Woodward 
petitioned  Charles  I  for  'a  small  pension  or  some  other  recompense,  to 
help  sustain  him  hereafter  in  a  double  weakness  of  estate  and  body ', 
alleging  as  a  claim  his  accident  in  France,  and  his  wounds,  from  which 
!ie  had  recovered,  '  although  he  yet  feels  the  grief  of  a  maime.'  He 
lad  also  been  promised  the  reversion  of  William  Trumbull's  place  as 
igent  at  Brussels,  but  now  that  post  was  abolished  (S.  P.  Bom.,  Charles  I, 
riii,  Xo.  8  7).  Seven  letters  written  by  Rowland  Woodward  between  1 627 
md  1631  are  calendered  among  the  Domestic  State  Papers  for  those 
years.  In  July,  1630,  he  was  appointed  deputy  Master  of  Ceremonies  to 
Sir  John  Finnet,  with  a  salary  of  6s.  8d.  a  day  (Docquet  Book,  ix).  He 
lied  before  April,  1636,  being  succeeded  in  this  post  by  Sir  Balthazar 
xerbier  (Cal.  S.  P.  Dom.,  1635-6,  p.  356).  Two  verse-epistles  from  John 
Donne  to  Rowland  Woodward  are  printed  in  Donne's  poems  (Chambers, 
jo\.  ii,  pp.  12,  38),  and  Mr.  Gosse  prints  a  third  epistle  in  which 
3onne  addresses  Woodward  as  a  fellow-poet  (Gosse,  i,  318):  'There  is 
lone  of  Donne's  friends,'  Mr.  Gosse  adds,  '  of  whom  we  would  more 
,dadly  know  more  than  of  Rowland  Woodward.' 

Wotton,  Pickering,  was  the  eldest  surviving  son  of  Edward  Lord 
vVotton.  In  1600  he  accompanied  Henry  Wotton  to  Florence,  taking 
■  vith  him  Amerigo  Salvetti  (ante,  i,  p.  35).  While  in  Florence  the 
jucchese  spy,  Daniele  da  Massa,  made  himself  the  companion  of  his 
Measures,  in  order  to  discover  the  whereabouts  of  Salvetti  (ibid.,  pp.  37  n., 
:9).  In  1603  Pickering  Wotton  was  with  his  uncle  Henry  at  Venice, 
nd  meant  to  accompany  him  to  Frankfort  and  Paris  (ibid.,  p.  318).  In 
605  he  was  in  Spain,  fell  ill  at  Valladolid,  and  was  converted  to 
Catholicism  on  his  death-bed  by  means  of  Father  Richard  Walpole. 
le  wrote  an  account  of  his  conversion,  which  was  translated  into 
ferman,  and  printed  at  Ingolstadt  in  1606,  with  the  title,  Bekehrung 
term  Piquerin  Votons,  eines  Engellendischen  Freyherrns,  des  Engellen- 

WOTTON.     II  II 


482  APPENDIX   III 

dischen  Ambasiators  bey  der  Venedischen  Ilerrschaft,  Bruders  Sohn  >.\c, 
von  der  Ketzerey  der  Protestanten  zu  dem  rechten,  waren  alien  Catholisclien 
und  allein  seligmaclienden  Glauben,  etc.  The  English  version  is  printed 
by  Foley  (ii,  p.  256),  who  adds  that  Edward  Lord  Wotton  was  converted 
by  this  narration  in  1605,  but  gives  no  authority  for  the  statement. 
The  exact  date  of  Lord  Wotton's  conversion  to  Catholicism  is  not 
definitely  known.  Lewis  Owen,  who  was  at  Valladolid  at  the  time,  and 
saw  Pickering  Wotton  in  his  illness,  denies  his  conversion  in  his  Running 
Register,  1626,  pp.  55-61.  Sir  Charles  Cornwallis,  however,  who  was 
English  ambassador  at  Valladolid,  states  that  he  died  a  papist.  Corn- 
wallis writes  to  Salisbury :  '  The  poor  gentleman  left  not  wherewith  to 
pay  his  physician,  his  apothecary,  his  hostess,  neither  the  charge  of  his 
burial.  I  had  lent  unto  him  almost  three  months  since,  £30,  and 
Hawkesworth,  my  secretary,  a  little  before  his  death,  £10.  For  the  love 
and  honour  I  bear  his  father,  I  propose  likewise  to  pay  the  charge  of  his 
burial'  (Winwood  Mem.,  ii,  p.  151).  Pickering  AVotton's  funeral  was 
attended  by  the  Duke  of  Alva,  the  Conde  de  Lemos,  and  other  Spaniards 
of  great  position. 

Zouche,  Lord.  Edward  la  Zouche,  eleventh  Baron  Zouche,  of  Harring- 
worth  (1556  ?-l 625),  succeeded  his  father  George,  tenth  Baron,  in  1569. 
and  was  educated  under  Whitgift  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  In 
1586  he  was  one  of  the  peers  who  tried  Mary  Queen  of  Scots.  In  1587 
he  went  to  Hamburg,  and  thence  to  Heidelberg  and  Frankfort.  In  the 
summer  of  1590  he  met  Wotton  at  Altdorf.  On  Aug.  20,  1591,  he 
wrote  to  Burghley  from  Vienna  about  his  past  life,  and  about  a  new 
licence  to  travel  which  he  had  received,  and  which  evidently  contained 
restrictions  omitted  in  his  previous  one.  '  The  greatest  evil,'  he  writes 
'  hath  been  the  fond  spending  of  my  time  in  my  youth,  which  I  could  be 
contented  to  bewail  so  long  as  I  live,  and  to  punish  myself  with  absence 
from  my  country  and  friends,  the  which  sith  through  her  Majesty'* 
favour  cannot  be  obtained,  I  will  labour  to  temper  this  shame  b\ 
emboldening  myself  to  confess  my  faults  (though  contrary  to  mine  owi 
nature)  before  all  men,  and  by  prayer  to  my  God,  that  through  th< 
taking  of  his  punishments  from  me,  he  will  make  known  how  desirou: 
I  have  been  to  make  amends  for  the  same  in  this  my  travel.  I  canno 
tell  whether  I  shall  do  well  or  no  to  touch  that  part  of  the  license  whicl 
prohibiteth  me  in  general  to  travel  in  some  countries,  and  companioning 
divers  persons.  .  .  .  This  restraint  is  truly  as  an  imprisonment,  fo 
I  know  not  how  to  carry  myself;  so  as  this  licence  seemeth  to  be  ; 
restraint  of  my  former,  for  I  was  come  hither  to  see  what  means  I  coul< 
get  to  pass  Italie,  purposing  to  go  upon  the  borders  to  practise  th 
language,  and  then  afterwards,  if  by  any  means  I  durst,  to  have  mad 
speedy  passage  through  the  whole.  And  now  know  I  not  whether  I  ma 
pass  upon  the  Lords  of  Venis'  and  the  Duke  of  Florens'  territories 
because  I  know  not  if  they  have  league  with  her  Majesty  or  no 
(S.  P.  Dorn,,  Eliz.,  ccxxxix,  No.  156).  For  Wotton's  reference  to  thi 
licence,  see  ante,  i,  p.  273.  In  March,  1592,  Zouche  was  with  Wotton  a 
Padua  (ibid.,  p.  271),  and  by  August,  1593,  he  was  back  again  i 
England  (ibid.,  p.  297).  On  Dec.  22,  1593,  Queen  Elizabeth  sent  hii 
on  an  embassy  to  James  VI  in  Scotland,  and  in  1598  on  a  commercir 
mission  to  Denmark.     In  1600  he  retired  to  Guernsey  from  motives  c 


APPENDIX    III 


483 


economy,  but  was  buck  again  in  England  in  1602,  when  lie  was 
gppointed  President  of  Wales.  He  held  this  office  till  1615,  when  be 
Incline  Warden  of  the  Cinque  Ports.  In  1G12,  after  the  death  of 
Salisbury,  he  was  one  of  the  Commissioners  to  whom  the  Treasury  was 
entrusted.  In  1G09  he  became  a  member  of  the  Council  of  the  Virginia 
Company,  and  in  1020  one  of  the  first  members  of  the  New  England 
Council.  On  July  17,  1624,  he  resigned  the  Wardenship  of  the  ( !inqo€ 
Ports  to  Buckingham.     He  died  in  1G25  (D.  IV.  B.). 


I  i  2 


APPENDIX  IV 

A.     LIST  OF  ITALIAN  AUTHORS  SELECTED  AND  CENSURED 
BY  SIR  HEN.  WOTTON 

Tanner  MS.  88,  f.  142,  transcript.  The  following  list  of  Italian  books 
was  apparently  made  by  Sir  Henry  Wotton  for  the  use  of  some  one 
interested  in  the  study  of  the  Italian  language  and  literature,  and  was 
written  some  time  after  1628,  as  the  translation  of  Tasso's  Aminta, 
published  in  that  year,  is  mentioned  (see  No.  9).  All  the  authors 
mentioned  are  catalogued  or  described  either  in  the  British  Museum 
Catalogue,  the  Nouvelle  Biographie  Generate,  Tiraboschi's  Storia  della  Lettera- 
tura  Italiana,  or  Mazzuchelli's  Gli  Scrittori  cV  Italia,  and  it  is  from  these 
authorities  that  my  notes  are  derived.  It  may  be  as  well  to  remark  that 
when  Wotton  describes  a  book  as  16°,  it  is  to  a  volume  generally  described 
as  12°  that  he  refers. 

1.  Patnjilo  Persico  del  Secretaries,  in  4°.  A  book  of  singular  use,  elegant 
and  learned. 

2.  /  fonti  della  Lingua  Toscana  di  Oratio  Lornbardelli,  Sanese,  in  8°, 
which  I  should  much  commend  if  it  were  not  written  to  me. 

3.  Le  lettere  di  Claudio  Ptolomei,  Sanese,  in  8°,  full  of  various  and 
solid  knowledge. 

4.  Le  Lettere  del  Abate  Grillo,  in  4°,  one  of  the  wittiest  men  in  Italic 

5.  /  tre  Istorici  di  Venetia,  Sabellico,  Bembo  et  Paruta,  successivamente 
from  the  beginning  of  the  City  and  by  Commandment  of  the  State — all 
good  Authors ;  Andrea  Morisini,  who  hath  followed  them  in  Latin,  is  a 
slight  man. 

6.  L1  Unione  di  Portugalla  e  di  Castiglia,  di  Conestagii  Franch i,  in 
4°  and  in  8°,  which  latter  is  the  best  edition,  a  story  rarely  delivered. 

7.  Le  creanze  delle  donne,  written  by  Picolhuomini,  professor  at 
Padova,  in  16°  :  an  ingenious  Dialogue. 

1  Persico,  Panfllo,  Del  Segretario  .  .  .  libri  quattro,  ne1  quali  si  tratta  dell'  arte  efacolta 
del  Segretario,  &c.     Venice,  1620,  4°. 

2  I  Fonti  Toscani  d'Orazio  Lornbardelli,  Senese,  Accademico  Umoroso.  Florence, 
1598,  8°.     (See  ante,  i,  p.  22.) 

3  Tolommei,  Claudio,  Lettere,  libri  vii.  Venice,  1547,  4mo;  1549,  1553,  1558, 
1559,  8°. 

4  Grillo,  Angelo,  Lettere,  2  vols.     Venice,  1612,  4°. 

5  Sabellico,  Marcantonio  Coccio,  Berum  Venetarum  Eistoriae,  Venice,  1487,  fol. 
Italian  translation  by  Dolce,  Venice,  1544,  4°.  P.  Bembo  Cardinalis,  Historiae 
Venetae  libri  xii,  Venice,  1551.  Italian  translation,  Historia  Venitiana,  Venice, 
1552,  4°.  Paruta,  Paolo,  Historia  Venetiana,  Venice,  1605,  4°.  A.  Mauroceni, 
Historia  Veneta  ab  anno  MDXXI  usque  ad  annum  MDCXV,  Venice,  1623,  fol. 

6  Conestaggio,  Girolamo  Franchi  de,  Dell'  unione  del  Regno  di  Portogallo  alia 
corona  di  Castiglia.     Genoa,  1585,  4° ;  Venice,  1592,  8°. 

7  Piccolomini,  Alessandro,  La  Rafaella,  ovvero  della  Creanza  delle  dmne.  Venice, 
1539,  8mo ;  Milan,  1558,  8mo ;  Venice,  1574,  12°. 


APPENDIX    TV  485 

8.  LJ Antic rusca  di  Bent,  Professor  at  Padova,  in  1"  :  a  book  of  fine 
knowledge  for  the  tongue,  and  which  hath  bred  much  stir. 

9.  UAmynta  di  Torquato  2\tsso,  in  16°,  newly  translated  into  English, 
and  called  in  Italie,  II  Capo  di  Venere,  because  it  was  left  unfinished  by 
the  Author. 

10.  Le  Satire  di  Caporale,  Perugino,  in  16°.  Incomparable  in  that 
kind. 

11.  12.  Le  Opere  di  Hernia  e  di  Fiorenzola,  in  8°.  Exquisite  for  the 
Language. 

13.  Le  Prediche  di  Bitonto,  in  4°.     Eloquently  vain. 

14.  II  Dante  col  Commentario  di  Landino,  in  fol.    Worthy  the  studying. 

15.  Li  Commentarii  di  Castelvetri,  sopra  La  poetic  i  e  Rhetor  ica  d' 
Aristotile,  in  4mo.     A  laborious  and  learned  work. 

16.  L'Oratione  di  Monsigc  delta  Casa  a  Carolo  Quinto  per  la  restitu- 
tion della  Piacenza,  in  16°.     One  of  the  rare  things  of  the  world. 

17.  Le  lettere  dei  Principi  alii  Principi  o  dalli  Principi,  in  two  volumes 
4°  :  full  of  excellent  matter,  and  the  best  story  of  the  latter  times. 

18.  /  dialogi  di  Nicolo  Franco  and  his  letter  a  la  Candela,  for  which 
he  suffered  death,  in  8°. 

19.  Le  vite  degli  Pontifici  Romani  di  Platina,  vulgarizate  con  l'ag- 
giunta  di  Cicarelli,  in  4°. 

20.  La  vita  di  Pio  Quinto.  in  4°.  A  singular  piece  containing  his 
fulminations  against  Queen  Elizabeth. 

21.  The  Annotations  of  Salviati  upon  the  Decameron  of  Boccaccio. 
With  one  of  his  Novelle  told  in  13  several  languages  of  Italy,  in  4°. 

22.  L'Ottomanno  di  Soranzo,  a  free   relation   of  the   Turkes'  "War?, 

8  Beni,  Paolo,  V  Anticrusca,  owero  il  Paragone  deW  Italiana  Lingua.  Padua, 
1613,  4°. 

■  Tasso,  Torquato,  Aminta.  facola  boscareccia.  Venice,  1583,  12°.  Tasso's  Aminta, 
Ewjhsht  (by  John  Reynolds?).     London,  1628,  4°. 

10  Caporali,  Cesare,  Rime  .  .  .  in  questa  ultima  impressione  .  .  .  corvette.  Venice, 
.1604,  12°. 

11  Berni,  or  Bernia,  Francesco,  il  primo  libro  dell1  opere  burlesche  di  F.  B.,  &c. 
[Florence,  1552-5,  2  vols.,  8°. 

'-  Firenzuola,  Agnolo,  Le  Rime.     Florence,  1549,  8°. 

13  Antonius  de  Bitonto,  Sermones  dominicales  per  Mum  annum.    Venice,  1492,  4°. 

14  Dante  con  Vespositioni  di  C.  Landino.     Venice,  1596,  fol. 

15  Castelvetro,  Lodovico,  La  Poetica  d'Aristotele,  xolgarizzata.  Vienna,  1570,  4°. 
Esaminazione  sopra  la  rettorica.     Venice,  1556,  2  vols.,  4°. 

10  Casa,  Giovanni  della,  Archbishop  of  Benevento,  Orazione  .  .  .  scritta  a  Carlo  V. 
Mtperadore,  inlorno  alia  restituzione  della  Citta  di  Piacenza,  printed  by  Sansovino, 
"Detie  oraiioni  volgarmente  scritte  .  .  .  parte  prima,  pt.  i,  1562,  4n!0,  reprinted  by 
3.  R.  Dati,  Prose  Florentine,  &c,  torn,  i,  1716,  8°  ;  1735,  4°. 

17  Delle  Lettere  di  Principi,  le  quali  o  si  scrivono  dec  Principi,  o  a  Principi,  o  ragionano 
li  Principi.     New  edition  of  3  vols.,   4°,  edited  by  G.  Ruscelli,  published   at 

'Venice,  1581. 

18  Franco,  Niccolo,  Dialoghi  Piacevoli.  Venice,  1541,  1542,  1545,  8°;  1554,  12°; 
1606,  8°. 

19  Sacchi,  Bartholomaeus  de  Platina,  La  Historia  di  Battista  Platina  delle  vite 
le'  Pontifici .  .  .  alia  qucde  si  sono  aggiunte  .  .  .  le  vite  de  gli  altri  papi  sino  a  Clemente  VIII 
Rtifo  dal  Signor  A.  Ciccarelli.     Venice,  1592,  4°. 

80  Catena,  Giovanni   Girolamo,   Vita   del  .  .  .  Papa  Pio  Quinto,  &c.     Mantua, 

-M  Salviati,  Leonardo,  11  Decameron  risconlrato  in  Firenze  con  testi  anlichi  e  alia  sua 
.'tone  ridolto  dal  Cavalier  L.  SalviaU,  1582,  4°. 

8   ranzo,  Lazzaro,  L'Ottomanno  .  .  .  dove  si  da  pieno  ragguaglio  .  .  .  delta  potenza  del 
>resente  Signor  de   Tardii  Mchemeto  III,  &c.     Ferrara,  1599,  8°. 


486  APPENDIX  IV 

discovering   many   secrets   of  Government,  and   therefore  forbidden   at 
Venice,  8°. 

23.  Tutte  le  Comedie  delli  Intronati  di  Siena. 

24.  Valvasone  della  Caccia,  a  delightful  and  useful  Poem,  containing 
many  natural  Secrets,  in  8°  configure. 

25.  L'Antichita  di  Roma  del  Lauro,  configure,  in  4°  largo. 

26.  La  Censura  della  Tragedia  di  Sjwron  Speroni,  a  fine  critical  and 
learned  piece,  in  16°. 

Books  of  Art. 

27.  La  Magia  Naturale  di  Battista  Porta,  in  8°. 

28.  La  Magia  Naturale  di  Campanella,  manoscritto. 

29.  Gli  Automati  di  Heron,  Allessandrino,  in  4°. 

30.  Gli  Spiritdli  del  Medesimo,  con  figure,  in  4°. 

31.  La  Prospettiva  d'  Euclide  cornentata  di  Ignatio  Danti,  in  4°. 

32.  La  Geographia  di  Maurolico,  in  4°. 

33.  II  diascoride  di  Mattiola  Sanese,  in  fol.  con  figure  :  approved  for 
Purity  of  Language  above  all  Modern  Writers  by  the  Academia  della 
Crusca. 

34.  L' architect ura  di  Palladio.     Clear  and  Regular,  in  fol. 

35.  L'Istoria  del  Concilio  di  Trenta,  written  by  Maestro  Paolo,  worth 
all  that  were  before  it,  and  I  believe  all  that  will  follow  it  in  that 
language. 

36.  A  discourse,  in  4°,  written  by  Gallileo  sopra  le  cose  die  nuotono. 

23  II  Sacrificio  degl'  Intronati  .  .  .  et  Gl'  Ingannati,  Comedia  dei  medesimi,  1554,  8°. 
Delle  Commedie  degV  Accademici  Intronati,  la  seconda  parte.     Siena,  1611,  12°. 

24  Valvasone,  Erasmo  di,  Leila  Caccia.  .  .  .  Bergamo,  1591,  1593,  4°,  fig. ;  Venice. 
1602,  8°. 

25  Lauro,  Giacomo,  Antiquae  urbis  sple)ulor,  hoc  est  praecipua  ejusdem  templa, 
amphitheatra,  &c.     Romae,  1612-14,  2  vols.,  4°. 

26  Giudizio  sopra  la  Tragedia  di  Canace  (di  Sperone  Speroni),  &c,  155K 
Attributed  to  Bartolommeo  Cavalcanti  (see  Tiraboschi,  Storia  della  Letteraluro 
Italiana,  vii  (1824),  p.  1877). 

27  Porta,  Giovanni  Battista  della,  Magiae  Naturalis,  Antwerp,  1561. 

28  Campanella,  Tommaso,  Le  Sensu  Berum  et  Magia  libri  quatuor.  .  .  .  T.  Adam; 
recensuit,  et  nunc  primum  evulgavit.     Frankfort,  1620,  4°. 

29  Hero,  of  Alexandria,  Di  Herone  ...  de  gli  Automati  overo  Machine  se  movent 
Libri  due,  tradotto  dal  Greco  da  B.  Baldi.     Venice,  1601,  4°. 

30  Spiritali  di  Herone  Alessandrino  ridotti  in  lingua  volgare  da  A.  Giorgi.  Urbino 
1592,  4°. 

31  Danti,  Egnatio,  La  Prospettka  di  Euclide  .  .  .  tradotta  dal  R.  P.  E.  D.  con  alcun* 
sue  annotationi,  1573,  4°. 

32  Maurolico,  Francesco,  Cosmographia  .  .  .  in  tres  dialogos  distincia,  &c.  Venice 
1543,  4°. 

83  Mattioli, Pietro  Andrea,  B  Lioscoride  dell'  excellente  Dottor  P.  A. Matthioli,  &c. 
1548,  fol. 

34  I  quattro  Libri  delV  Architetlura,  &c.     4  pt.     Venice,  1570,  fol. 

35  Historia  del  Concilio  Tridentino  .  .  .  di  Pietro  Soave  Polani  (Paolo  Sarpi) 
London,  1619,  fol. 

36  Liscoiso  al  serenissimo  Lon  Cosimo  II,  Gran  Luca  di  Toscana,  intorno  alle  cose  ch 
stanno  in  su  Vacqua,  b  die  in  quella  si  muovono,  &c.     Florence,  1612,  4°. 


APPENDIX    IV  487 


B.     CHARACTER  OF  ROBERT,  LATE  EARL  OF  SALISBURY 

Burley  Ms.,  p.  1,  transcript.  On  Feb.  10,  1613,  Chamberlain  wrote  to 
Winwood :  '  Sir  Henry  Wotton  is  busy  in  setting  out  the  difference  between 
the  Pope  and  the  Venetians,  with  all  the  circumstances  that  passed  at  the 
time  of  the  Interdict ;  and  withal  means  (he  says)  to  make  a  character  (as 
he  calls  it)  of  the  Earl  of  Essex  his  first  master,  and  of  the  Lord  Treasurer 
his  last  patron'  (Winwood  Mem.,  iii,  p.  432).  Wotton's  Parallel  between 
Essex  and  Buckingham  was  circulated  in  MS.  in  1634,  and  printed  in  1641  ; 
but  nothing  of  his  about  Lord  Salisbury  was  printed,  or,  as  far  as  I  know, 
preserved  under  his  name  in  any  MS.  collection.  But  as  the  following 
Character  appears  in  a  MS.  book  which  was  compiled  by  some  one  in 
Wotton's  service,  and  which  contains  transcripts  of  many  of  Wotton's 
writings  (see  below,  p.  489),  I  think  it  may  be  ascribed  to  Sir  Henry  Wotton 
with  some  degree  of  probability.  There  is  another  transcript  of  this 
Character  in  the  S.  P.  Dom.,  James  I,  lxix,  No.  59. 

He  came  of  a  parent  that  counselled  the  state  into  piety,  honour  and 
power.  He  did  inherit  his  father's  virtues,  and  therefore  was  called  to 
succeed  him  in  his  offices.  He  had  a  full  mind  in  an  imperfect  body,  to 
tell  a  courtier  that  ornament  is  not  his  best  part,  or  should  not  be.  In 
a  chair  he  had  both  a  sweet  and  a  grave  presence,  as  if  nature,  under- 
standing how  good  a  counsellor  he  would  make,  gave  him  no  more  beauty 
of  person  anywhere  else,  of  purpose  because  it  should  not  remove  him 
into  action ;  had  his  body  been  an  answerable  agent  to  his  spirit,  he 
might  have  made  as  great  a  captain  as  he  was  a  counsellor,  for  his 
pleasures  of  exercise  were  industry  and  expedition.  Courage  was  brought 
up  with  his  understanding,  and  they  agreed  so  well,  that  his  mind  being 
great  enough,  they  dwelt  commodiously  together :  for  he  knew  himself  in 
a  just  way,  and  he  never  went  out  of  it  either  for  public  danger  or  private 
threatening,  which  were  many  and  bold  upon  him.  He  was  so  ingenious 
as  to  have  the  best  measure  and  use  of  wit,  for  it  did  help  to  bring  him 
the  nearest  way  to  judgement.  He  was  sufficiently  learned  for  his  calling, 
and  learning  appeared  the  more  in  himself  because  he  loved  it  in  another 
man.  His  words,  either  in  speaking  or  writing,  never  passed  by  the 
sense  without  calling  in  to  the  understanding,  nor  ever  went  thence 
without  leaving  an  impression;  for  besides  their  weight,  they  were 
delivered  with  such  a  dexterity  of  clearness  that  they  were  both  sweet 
to  a  curious  ear  and  easy  to  a  common,  being  guilty  neither  of  rudeness 
nor  affectation.  He  never  put  men  to  the  pains  of  reading  him  twice 
over,  for  they  took  pleasure  in  repeating  him  often,  which  they  might  do 
with  as  little  expense  of  time  as  the  most  of  other  men  once,  so  much 
the  nearer  way  lie  went  to  the  matter  ;  and  notwithstanding  he  took  not 
so  large  a  scope  to  express  himself  in,  yet  him  they  read  more  than  once, 
because  they  were  satisfied,  other  men  (for  the  most  part)  because  they 
would  be. 

Sometimes  the  less  he  did  seem  to  be  eloquent,  the  more  he  was ;  for 
he  did  not  confine  speaking  well  to  one  law  of  phrase  or  style,  but  varied 
his  method  in  it  according  to  the  bringing  up  of  the  person  he  conferred 
with,  and  the  nature  of  the  argument,  whereby  he  cleared  it  a  passage  to  the 
hearer's  apprehension,  were  he  of  a  quality  either  learned  or  unlearned.  The 
capacity  of  the  learned  he  gave  satisfaction  unto,  to  the  unlearned  did  give 
both  a  satisfaction  and  a  capacity  to  be  satisfied.    He  took  up  the  knowledge 


488  APPENDIX    IV 

of  no  cause  in  matter  of  right,  that  fell  within  the  question  of  his  office,  upon 
credit ;  for  he  would  have  the  parties  themselves.  He  was  a  discommodity 
sometimes  to  the  lawyer,  but  a  help  to  the  law ;  for  he  brought  many  adver- 
saries the  direct  way  to  an  agreement,  and  saved  law  the  travail  of  going 
about.  There  was  no  difficulty  of  getting  access  to  him  but  through  the 
press  of  suitors.  He  did  help  most  men  to  speak  to  him,  for  before  they 
had  delivered  themselves  of  half  their  meaning  his  apprehension  was  at 
the  end  of  it.  A  mean  man  could  not  be  discountenanced  before  him,  for 
his  courtesy  stood  before  his  greatness.  He  took  not  the  name  of  God  in 
vain  in  a  promise,  for  his  promises  were  limited  to  good  ends,  and  so  far 
he  performed  them.  He  gave  much  every  year  away  to  keep  men  from 
bribing  him ;  for  he  sent  presents  back  again  when  they  might  be  sus- 
pected of  corruption.  He  was  ignorant  in  no  state  so  much  as  in  his 
own,  which  shows  he  regarded  above  his  private,  the  truth  whereof 
appeareth  in  one  of  his  servants'1  ability  and  faithfulness,  which  (he 
acknowledged)  had  repaired  his  private  estate,  when  by  his  continual 
labours  in  the  affairs  of  his  office  it  was  neglected  almost  into  ruin.  He 
was  not  covetous  unless  it  were  for  the  King ;  for  he  parted  voluntarily 
with  a  great  benefit  to  enlarge  the  King's  revenues.2  He  had  the  most 
safe  policy  in  him  that  can  be  in  an  eminent  subject,  for  he  did  not  affect 
popularity,  and  therein  he  was  as  faithful  to  the  State  as  to  his  own  ends ; 
for  popular  love  belongeth  only  to  Majesty.  He  was  the  best  precedent 
of  a  public  minister  that  a  king  can  propose  to  be  followed,  for  he  carried 
his  counsels  of  moderation  like  the  king's  thoughts,  so  reservedly  to  him 
that  every  effect  of  graciousness  was  (as  it  always  ought  to  be)  attributed 
to  sovereignty ;  and  those  of  justice  so  openly,  that  severity  was  accounted 
his  own  3 ;  whereby  the  people  understanding  him  only  in  what  they  love 
not  to  feel,  it  grew  to  be  a  cause  of  their  malice  to  him ;  yet  he  lost  not 
the  reputation  they  owed  him,  for  when  any  change  happened  in  the  body 
or  head  of  the  State,  subject  to  the  confusion  of  advice  by  the  uncertainty 
of  issue,  they  distrusted  their  own  affections  and  believed  in  his  judge- 
ment, putting  themselves  into  his  file,  and  following  with  such  a  sudden- 
ness of  resolution,  as  if  they  had  been  born  to  say,  '  This  man  doth  not 
err.'  So  powerful  is  the  wTisdom  of  a  counsellor,  that  makes  it  one  of  his 
grounds  to  hold  the  love  or  hate  of  the  people  vain  for  which  they  can 
give  no  reason.  And  their  opinion  of  his  understanding  took  great  pity 
of  their  own  ignorance,  for  it  was  a  study  of  his  providence  to  suppose 
every  point  of  State  into  all  the  exigents  it  might  be  necessarily  induced, 
and  carried  an  appointment  ever  about  him  to  secure  the  success.  To 
know  him  is  as  much  as  need  be  required  to  exemplify  a  statesman  into 
sufficiency,  for  it  wras  the  fortune  of  his  employments  to  have  an  honour- 
able practice  in  affairs  of  all  kinds  that  can  be  incident  to  a  State,  but 
only  civil  war,  wherein  his  judgement  was  the  more  worthy  because  he 
prevented  it.  He  affected  so  much  the  act  of  worth  above  the  name,  that 
I  dare  persuade  myself  some  advices  which  in  private  were  his  wisdom 
have  come  forth  another  man's.  He  never  wrote  down  an  injury  done 
him  in  red  ink ;  the  arms  he  wore  were  only  defensive,  which  (neverthe- 
less) might  happen  to  do  hurt  when  they  did  no  wrong ;  for  no  guard  can 
be  maintained  without  offending  if  it  be  violently  intruded  on.     He  did 

1  '  Dorckcombe*  (note  in  margin).  2  '  Wards  '  (ibid.' . 

3  See  Table  Talk,  No.  132  (below,  p.  41M)  . 


APPENDIX   IV  is:) 

favours  to  many,  and  received  favours  but  of  one,  besides  his  parem 
In  was  beholden  to  no  other  subject  for  his  advancement.  He  depended 
Immediately  upon  majesty,  with(out)  holding  upon  any  second  greatness, 
which  is  an  honour  the  most  noble  to  a  man's  self  and  the  surest  to  his  king. 
He  was  the  enjoyer  of  one  happiness  that  all  men  naturally  seek  to  retire 
into,  but  seldom  opens  to  any,  and  the  most  uneasily  to  a  statesman  ;  he 
met  with  the  conversation  of  a  man  whom  he  dare  believingly  call  his 
private  friend.1  His  own  plenty  could  not  make  him  insensible  of  other 
men's  wants,  for  in  time  of  dearth  he  sent  his  officers  into  markets,  to 
tayje  dearly  to  the  seller  and  to  sell  cheaply  to  the  buyer.  He  was  a  pro- 
fitable master  to  every  (one)  of  his  servants  that  did  not  abuse  his  bounty. 
His  religious  faith  is  set  down  in  his  testament  as  well  as  any  holy  know- 
ledge can  deliver  it ;  and  he  that  will  not  believe  the  words  of  a  dying 
man  in  a  perfect  strength  of  mind,  deserves  not  to  be  carried  with  credit 
to  the  grave.  His  making  ready  to  die  was  the  greatest  blessing  of  his 
life  to  him  ;  for  he  never  went  to  bed  without  cares  till  then,  but  had 
alarums  everywhere  to  wake  him,  save  in  his  conscience;  when  death 
came  to  be  his  business  he  was  in  peace,  and  so  died. 

He  that  shall  succeed  him  in  his  place  may  be  ambitious  to  follow  him 
in  his  way,  for  the  honour  of  this  transcended  the  dignity  of  the  others. 
All  the  discouragement  he  can  meet  with  in  his  passage  will  be  through 
their  constructions,  whose  breasts  are  too  narrow  to  entertain  so  spreading 
merit,  yet  it  should  be  no  strong  imj^ediment  because  (for  aught  I  hear) 
it  hath  not  pleased  God  to  give  any  of  his  detractors  the  wit  to  express 
themselves  well  against  him. 

C.     TABLE  TALK. 

Burhy  MS.,  Nos.  1-34,  p.  255 ;  Nos.  35-145,  pp.  82-6.  The  following 
curious  notes,  which  from  their  character  I  call  Table  Talk,  occur  in  a  MS. 
book  to  which  frequent  reference  has  been  made,  and  from  which  a  number 
of  Sir  Kenry  Wotton's  letters  have  already  been  printed.  This  volume 
resembles  the  commonplace  books  of  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 
centuries  which  are  to  be  found  in  many  libraries,  and  contains  several  of 
the  letters  and  documents  that  are  generally  included  in  these  collections — 
Sir  Philip  Sidney's  letter  to  Queen  Elizabeth  on  the  Alencon  marriage 
(p.  237),  Queen  Elizabeth's  letter  to  Sir  Amyas  Paulet  (p.  139),  the  letter  to 
Lord  Monteagle  which  led  to  the  discovery  of  the  Gunpowder  Plot  (p.  103), 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  apology  for  the  Guiana  expedition  (p.  92),  &c.  These 
documents  are  enumerated  by  Mr.  Alfred  J.  Horwood,  who  was  sent  in  1878 
i  to  examine  the  MSS.  at  Burley-on-the-Hill,  in  his  report  printed  by  the 
Historical  MSS.  Commission  (Seventh  Report,  p.  516).  Mr.  Hoiwood  also 
perceived  that  among  these  papers  were  some  that  concerned  Wotton,  and 
his  remark  that  the  volume  contained  '  copies  of  letters  and  papers  seeni- 
fcgly  by  and  to  Sir  Henry  Wotton'  (p.  512)  led  to  my  examination  of  the 
volume,  for  which  every  facility  was  kindly  granted  me  by  the  owner, 
the  late  Mr.  G.  H.  Finch.  In  addition  to  a  number  of  poems  and  letters  of 
John  Donne  (which  had  escaped  Mr.  Horwood's  notice,  and  which  I  hope 
will  be  shortly  printed)  I  found  copies,  made  by  various  hands,  of  nine- 
teen letters  and  dispatches  which,  although  unsigned,  I  was  able  to  identify 
as   Wotton's2,    and  a  large   number  of  documents  concerning  Wotton 's 

1  '  Suffolcke  '  (note  in  margin). 

2  Among  these  the  most  important  are  Wotton's  dispatch  of  Feb.  18,  1600 
(p.  43),  the  original  of  which  is  in  the  Record  Office  (ante,  i,  p.  342) ;  his  letter  to 
Edmondes  of  May  18,  1607  (p.  69 ;  see  ante,  i.  p.  389) ;  the  letters  to  Ferdinand  1 


490  APPENDIX   IV 

various  occupations  and  interests  during  his  first  embassy  at  Venice ',  as 
well  as  extracts  from  the  letters  of  the  three  other  resident  English 
ambassadors  of  the  time,  Sir  Thomas  Edmondes  at  Brussels,  Sir  George 
Carew  in  France,  and  Sir  Charles  Cornwallis  in  Spain.  The  volume  also 
contains  a  copy  of  Wotton's  poem,  The  Character  of  a  Happy  Life  (p.  278), 
written  about  1613  {ante,  i,  p.  129),  a  copy  of  the  Treaty  of  Xanten  (p.  197) 
negotiated  by  Wotton  in  1614,  and  of  his  own  inscription  (p.  40;  see  ante, 
i,  p.  193).  None  of  the  entries  are  in  Wotton's  writing,  several  of  the 
entries  appear  to  be  in  the  hand  of  William  Parkhurst,  one  of  his  secre- 
taries, and  on  p  40  the  name  '  Guglielmus  Parkhurst '  appears.  It  is  plain, 
from  the  number  of  documents  connected  with  Wotton,  that  the  common- 
place book  belonged  to  him,  or  to  some  one  connected  with  him,  and  that  in 
it  were  copied  many  of  the  most  important  papers  connected  with  his  first 
embassy  at  Venice.  The  following  collection  of  anecdotes  and  sayings  may 
be  safely  regarded,  I  think,  as  notes  of  '  table  talk '  made  by  some  one  in 
Wotton's  house  in  Venice — the  frequent  references  to  the  assassination  of 
Henry  IV  (Nos.  36,  39,  40,  45,  46,  75,  76)  would  fix  the  date  at  the  summer 
or  autumn  of  1610,  and  there  is  no  reference  to  any  event  of  a  subsequent 
period.  While  it  would  be  unwise  and  perhaps  unjust  to  attribute  all  the 
remarks  to  Wotton  himself,  a  number  of  them  are  undoubtedly  his  ;  Nos.  90 
and  97  appear  in  his  letters;  a  saying  very  like  No.  30  is  attributed  by 
Izaak  Walton,  in  the  Compleat  Angler,  to  4a  man  of  great  observation'; 
Nos.  115,  117,  118  are  remarks  that  had  been  made  to  him  ;  and  there  are 
many  references  to  persons  who  were  his  friends  or  in  whom  he  took  an 
interest— Queen  Elizabeth  and  King  James,  the  Earls  of  Essex  and  Salisbury, 
Casaubon,  the  Doge  Donato,  Diodati,  Sarpi,  and  Fulgenzio.  For  convenience 
of  reference  I  have  numbered  the  sayings. 

1.  Every  man  a  letter  beyond  himself  is  a  fool. 

2.  God  hath  made  one  work  of  substance,  and  man  hath  made  another 
of  art  and  opinion. 

3.  It  is  the  wholesomest  getting  a  stomach  by  walking  in  your  own 
grounds,  and  the  thriftiest,  by  laying  it  on  another  man's  table. 

4.  Atheist(s)  in  affliction  like  blind  beggars;  forced  to  ask,  but  know 
not  of  whom. 

5.  There  are  not  two  such  acres  in  all  the  country  as  the  Exchange 
and  Westminster  Hall. 

6.  Women  are  not  such  tender  fruits,  but  that  they  bear  as  well  upon 
beds  as  plasht  against  the  walls. 

7.  Christmas  Lords  only  know  their  ends. 

8.  Our  carts  are  never  worse  employed  than  when  they  are  waited  on 
by  coaches. 

9.  All  women  are  for  one  use,  though  in  divers  titles. 

10.  Next  to  no  wife  and  children,  your  own  wife  and  children  are 
best  pastime;  another's  wife  and  your  children  worse;  your  wife  and 
another's  children  worst. 

11.  Many  statesmen  hunt  their  own  fortunes,  and  are  often  at  a  fault ; 
favourites  course  her,  and  are  ever  in  view. 

(p.  103  ;  see  ante,  i,  p.  387) ;  and  to  the  Marquis  of  Hamilton  (p.  58  ;  see  ante,  i, 
p.  487). 

1  Among  these  may  be  mentioned  a  letter  from  Queen  Anne,  wife  of  James  I, 
recommending  Wotton  to  the  Doge  Grimani  (p.  41) ;  James  Fs  letter  to  Wotton 
(p.  42 ;  see  ante,  i,  p.  358  n.) ;  Lord  Cecil's  letter  to  the  English  merchants  in 
Italy  (p.  127  ;  see  ante,  i,  p.  69  ;  and  Biondi's  letter  about  the  Project  of  Venice 
(p.  106  ;   see  ante,  i,  p.  93;. 


APPENMX    IV  491 

12.  Court  motions  are  up  and  down,  oars ]  circular  \  theirs   like  Bquibe, 

cannot  stay  at  the  highest,  nor  return  to  the  place  whence  they  rose  from, 
hut  vanish  and  wear  out  in  the  air;  ours  like  millwheels,  husy  without 
changing ;  they  .  .  .  fortunes,  we  vicissitudes. 

13.  A  soul  in  a  fat  body  lies  soft,  and  is  loth  to  rise. 

1  1.  Flattery  is  increased  from  a  pillow  under  the  elbow,  to  a  bed  under 
the  whole  body. 

15.  He  that  sleeps  in  the  cradle  of  security,  sins  without  snorling. 

16.  Wit  and  a  woman  are  two  frail  things,  and  both  the  frailer  by  con- 
curring. 

17.  That  money  is  nothing  but  a  thing  that  art  hath  turned  up  trump. 

18.  That  chambering  is  esteemed  a  civiller  quality  than  playing  at 
tables,  though  serving  men  use  both. 

19.  The  best  bed-fellow  for  all  times  in  the  year  is  a  bed  without  a 
fellow. 

20.  Sleep  is  death's  picture  drawn  to  the  life,  or  the  twilight  of  life 
and  death. 

21.  Often  sleeping  are  so  many  trials  to  die,  that  at  the  last  we  may 
do  it  perfectly. 

22.  Few  dare  write  the  true  news  of  their  chambers. 

23.  Justices  of  the  Peace  have  the  felling  of  the  underwoods;  but  the 
Lords  have  the  great  falls. 

2  1.  Jesuits  are  like  apricocks  heretofore  ;  that  is,  here  and  there  one 
succored  in  a  great  man's  house  and  cost  dear :  now  you  may  have  them 
for  nothing  in  every  cottage. 

25.  Every  great  vice  is  a  pike  in  a  pond ;  it  devours  virtues  and  less 
vices. 

20.  Sentences  in  authors,  like  hairs  in  a  horse-tail,  concur  in  one  root 
of  beauty  and  strength  ;  but  being  plucked  out  one  by  one,  serve  only  for 
springes  and  snares. 

27.  "Want  and  abundance  equally  inform  a  rectified  mind  from  the 
world,  as  cotton  and  stones  are  both  castings  for  a  hawk. 

28.  I  am  sure  there  is  none  of  the  forbidden  fruit  left,  because  we  all 
daily  eat  of  it. 

29.  Your  best  three-piled  mischief  comes  from  beyond  sea,  and  rides 
post  through  the  country,  but  his  errand  is  at  Court. 

30.  Many  think  there  are  as  many  miseries  beyond  happiness,  as  on 
this  side  of  it.2 

3 1 .  Truth  is  every  man's  by  asserting. 

32.  Time  was  never  but  a  minute  old. 

33.  The  wisdom  of  action  is  discretion;  the  knowledge  or  contempla- 
tion is  truth,  the  knowledge  of  action  is  man. 

34.  He  that  first  considers  what  should  be  the  latter,  makes  use  of 
what  is. 

35.  Leagues  and  contracts  of  Princes  last  no  longer  than  the  causes  for 
which  they  were  made.     Mach  : 3 

3G.  The  Prince  of  Panna ;  of  Orange ;    Sixtus  V ;  Leo  XI  auother 

1  Ambassadors'  (?) 

2  Cf.  Compkat  Angler,  Pt.  I,  chap.  21.  'For  it  was  vriselj  said,  by  a  man  of 
great  observation.  "  That  there  bo  as  many  miseries  beyond  riches,  as  on  this  side 
of  them.'"  3  Maehiavelli  ? 


492  APPENDIX    IV 

Pope  ;  Prince  of  Savoia ;  Princess  of  Piombino  ;  Henry  III ;  Henry  IV — 
all  since  1593  l  murdered  by  Spaine. 

37.  All  States  are  ungrateful,  and  so  their  ministers. 

38.  The  Span(ish)  ambas(sador)  in  Ve(nice)2,  hearing  of  the  French 
K(ing's)  death,  said  he  deserved  it  for  assisting  heretics. 

39.  Monsieur  Moulin3  in  Orlea(n)s,  being  demanded  what  he  thought 
of  the  K(ing's)  death,  answered  0  Monsieur,  cest  a  nous  de  mettre  les  doits 
sur  la  bouche  et  contempler  les  grandeurs  de  Dieic  avec  veneration  et  silence. 

40.  The  murderer  must  be  wrought  to  the  fact  either  by  great 
l^romises  of  estate,  or  pardons  and  indulgences;  that  is  by  Spa(in)  or 
priests;  they  stirred  by  helping  the  Princes  of  Ger(many).4  All  conclude 
that  the  Prince  of  Condy,5  besides  his  disability  in  estate  for  rewards,  his 
capacity  and  courage  would  never  have  carried  him  into  such  a  resolu- 
tion. 

41.  The  16th  of  May  the  Bishop  of  Feltre0  was  made  Vescovo  delta 
Signoria,  protesting  he  would  lay  aside  all  respects  of  Rome  and  dedicate 
himself  to  the  Prince,  which  confirmation  was  commanded  to  be  read  in 
Senate. 

42.  The  Prince  Donato  very  often  used  to  amb(assadors)  this  compli- 
ment, Noi  rlngratiamo  la  Signoria  Vostra  della  buona  disseminatione  del- 
I'/ionore  che  suo  He  ci  porta. 

43.  Sixtus  IV  built  the  bordello  in  Rome  which  yieldeth  £4,000  per 
annum.  A  whore  there  cannot  turn  to  an  honest  life  without  paying  so 
much  to  have  her  name  razed  out  of  the  book  as  it  cost  to  enroll. 

44.  The  cameriere  of  Contarini,7  at  his  return  to  Venice,  being  asked 
what  he  had  seen  in  England  (said),  after  he  had  received  much 
courtesy,  &c,  he  had  seen  un*  altra  cosa  che  non  si  poteva  dire  per  essere 
heresia ;  in  somma,  he  saw  a  picture  in  London  of  the  Pope  at  stool, 
dropping  medals,  mitres,  beads,  with  many  card(inals)  and  priests 
holding  up  their  hands  ;  at  which  the  Ve(netians)  laughed  exceedingly. 

45.  Pere  Cotton  8  receiving  the  King's  heart  (who  built  a  college  for 
that  purpose)  and  kissing  it,  said  he  would  as  willingly  kiss  the  K(ing) 
of  England's  . 

46.  It  was  written  from  Bologna  that  the  image  there  of  St.  Denis 
wept  three  whole  days  before  the  murder. 

47.  The  Queen  proceeded  against  the  Earl  of  Essex  by  his  own  uncle9 
and  nearest  allies ;  for  if  they  accuse  him  and  find  him  faulty,  the  people 
must  needs  think  him  so. 

1  1593  must  be  a  mistake  for  1583  ;  the  Duke  of  Parma  died  a  natural  death 
Dec.  3,  1592;  William  of  Orange  was  assassinated  July  10,  1581  ;  Sixtus  V  died 
Aug.  27,  1590,  Leo  XI  April  27,  1605  ;  Henry  III  was  killed  accidentally 
Aug.  2,  1589 ;  Henry  IV  was  assassinated  May  14,  1610. 

2  The  Marquis  ot'Bedmar.  3  See  No.  117. 

4  i.  e.  by  the  action  of  Henry  IV  in  the  Juliers-Cleves  controversy. 

5  Henry  II,  Prince  de  Conde,  1588-1646. 

c  Agostino  Mocenigo,  appointed  Bishop  of  Feltre,  March  29,  1610. 

7  Francesco  Contarini,  extraordinary  ambassador  to  England,  1609  (ante,  i, 
pp.  106,  489). 

8  Pierre  Cotton,  Henry  IV's  confessor. 

9  Sir  William  Knollys  (1547-1632),  first  Earl  of  Banbury,  1626,  was  one  of 
the  eighteen  Commissioners  at  the  first  trial  of  his  nephew  the  Earl  of  Essex  on 
June  5, 1600,  and  was  sent  to  Essex  House  on  Feb.  8,  1601,  with  the  Lord  Keeper, 
the  Lord  Chief  Justice,  and  the  Earl  of  Worcester. 


APPENDIX    IV  493 

48.  Christening,  a  ceremony  of  the  Church  ;  for  witness  the  Jews  have 
none,  only  they  bring  their  children  to  the  synagoge  to  be  examined 
that  they  have  (been)  brought  up  in  the  knowledge  of  the  Law,  &c. ;  so 
they  leave  them  to  their  own  hazard. 

49.  The  Q(ueen's)  farewell  to  my  Lord  of  Essex  in  a  voyage  to  Cales,1 
that  he  should  use  her  men  like  a  match  that  once  set  on  fire  burns  to 
the  end.  Her  purpose  then  was  that  what  he  should  get,  the  would 
keep  for  debts. 

BO.  The  Duke  (of)  Florence  2  seldom  came  where  his  brethren  were, 
for  avoiding  the  people's  comparisons.  I  may  say  most  Princes  use  the 
like. 

»51.  A  priest  near  St.  Hieronimo3  in  Ven(ice),  sent  for  a  spy  into 
rmany,  married  there  by  dispensation,  and  after  three  (years)  returned 
;o  Italy  to  his  cure. 
52.  Bio  mi  guardi  drill'  entrata  d'  un  francese  et  dall  uscita  d'  un 
ignuolo. 

53.  An  objection  being  made  against  the  acting  of  a  tragedy  in 
Christ(mas)  before  the  Queen,  it  was  answered  that  'choice  was  made 
to  put  your  Majesty  in  mind  that  since  your  reign,  tragedies  were  from 
the  State  got  upon  the  stage '. 

54.  A  K(ing)  should  use  his  prerogative  as  rarely  as  God  miracles, 
for  his  laws  should  be  as  the  laws  of  nature.4 

o5.  A  prisoner  in  Venice  rejoiced  when  he  heard  Sixtus  V  was  made 
Pope,  for  '  sure  '  (saith  he)  I  shall  now  be  free  for  he  .  .  .  me  when  I  was 
a  boy '.  The  Senate  of  Home  made  a  decree,  after  his  statue  was  pulled 
down  in  the  Campidolio,  that  no  statue  should  be  made  of  any  Pope 
living.  Bellarmine  saith  of  him  Quantum  ego  sapio  aut  credo,  est  apud 
inferos. 

56.  Pasquin.     He  died  Spanish  and  lived  French. 

57.  The  F(rench)  K(ing)  by  his  ambassador5  signified  to  the  State 
of  Ve(nice)  in  their  differences  that  he  had  given  order  for  the  levying 
of  10,000  fant.  4,000  horse,  and  that  he  would  be  ready  to  help  his 
friends,  but  he  could  not  declare  himself,  because  that  so  he  in  the  nego- 
tiation should  appear  interested,  when  he  desired  to  seem  neutral. 

58.  Contareno  in  Se(nate)  '  volevamo  dar  il  rosto,  cid  e  V entrata,  et  non 
ha  voluto ;  poi  fumo,  la  dignita,  ne  anche  al  fino  il  spiedo,  il  governo 
spirituale.     Hora,  se  tutto  questo  non  vuol  contentarlo,  mettiamo  le  cose  in 

alegia  et  abandoniamo  la  patria' 

59.  My  Lord  of  E(ssex),  after  being  made  Councillor,6  lost  the 
Q(ueen's)  favour,  for  before  she  made  him  controller  of  her  Council, 
showing  them  through  him  her  power.     Sir  W.  Ra(leigh)  refused  it. 

00.  The  Q(ueen)  was  wont  to  call  Sir  R(obert)  C(ecil)  the  register 
of  her  remembrances. 

i  Cadiz.  S  2  Ferdinand  I. 

3  S.  Girolamo,  near  Wotton's  residence,  1605-10. 

4  A  saying  of  James  I.  '  Neither  can  I  ever  leese  out  of  my  remembrance 
what  I  heard  your  Majesty  .  .  .  deliver  in  a  great  cause  of  judicature  that  Kings 
ruled  by  their  laws  as  God  did  by  the  laws  of  nature,  and  ought  as  rarely  to  put 
in  use  their  supreme  perogative  as  God  did  his  power  of  working  miracles.' 
(Bacon's  Advancement  of  Learning,  Bk.  II,  Ellis-Spedding,  iii,  p.  429.) 

0  De  Fresnes-Canaye.  6  Feb.  23,  1593. 


494  APPENDIX    IV 

61.  Dux  Venetus  ordiaativm  non  poteslatium  capit  principalum . 

62.  Errors  like  rivers,  the  further  they  run,  the  more  they  increase. 

63.  In  things  we  know,  we  should  not  do  as  those  that  fall  into  waters, 
catch  hold  of  the  next  bough,  but  search. 

64.  Out  of  arithmetic  sprung  music,  which  is  but  figures  put  into 
sounds,  and  out  of  geometry  sprung  perspective,  which  is  lines  put  into 
beams. 

65.  L'affetto  et  Vobligo  non  admetto(nd)  dilatione,  ma  solo  Vinteresse 
richer 'c(ono)  le  consulte. 

66.  About  a  picture  of  my  Lord  of  Essex  which  Bassadonna *  had  was 
written  Conscium  en  age  diem. 

67.  A  preacher  begging  alms  told  the  aud(ience)  that  if  they  would 
have  new  matter  they  (must)  give  him  money  for  new  books,  '  I  would 
have  you  charitable  as  they  of  Mantua  and  Naples;  of  Rome  I  say 
nothing,  for  there  vogliono  essere  serviti  et  ringratiati. 

68.  A  Venetian  ambassador,  when  he  saw  Phillip  the  Second  wore 
covers  over  his  sleeves,  and  heard  him  say  he  was  poor,  answered,  '  Your 
Majesty's  wisdom  is  better  known  than  your  poverty.' 

69.  L.  V.  offered  in  the  Ve(netian)  troubles  3,000  loaves  a  month  for 
a  year  to  be  given  at  the  doors  of  such  poor  women  whose  husbands  or 
children  went  to  the  war. 

70.  It  was  unlikely  that  the  Ve(netians)  would  apprehend  the  Prince 
of  Conde  2  for  the  F(rench)  K(ing)  ;  for  Piinces  seldom  redeliver  fugi- 
tives. The  Vene(tians)  would  not  deliver  the  Marquis  Sharra 3  to  the 
Pope  nor  Don  Sebastian4  to  the  K(ing)  of  S(pain),  nor  the  F(rench) 
K(ing),  Ant.  Peres,5  nor  the  Archduke  Owen,6  nor  (the)  K(ing)  of 
Eng(land).  .  . 

71.  Discourse  with  all  men  as  near  as  you  can  in  their  own  faculties,  for 
so  you  may  increase  your  knowledge  by  them  and  gain  their  friendships.7 

72.  In  reading  of  history,  a  soldier  should  draw  the  platform  of  battles 
he  meets  with,  plant  the  squadrons  and  order  the  whole  frame  as  he 
finds  it  written,  so  he  shall  print  it  firmly  in  his  mind  and  apt  his  mind 
for  actions.  A  politique  should  find  the  characters  of  personages  and 
apply  them  to  some  of  the  Court  he  lives  in,  which  will  likewise  confirm 
his  memory  and  give  scope  and  matter  for  conjecture  and  invention.  A 
friend  to  confer  readings  together  most  necessary. 

1  Zuane  Bassadona  {ante,  i,  p.  299  n.). 

2  The  Prince  de  Conde  fled  from  Brussels  to  Milan  in  1610,  and  remained  in 
Italy  till  after  the  death  of  Henry  IV.  For  an  attempt  to  cause  his  arrest 
in  Venetian  territory,  see  Cal.  S.  P.  Ven.,  xi,  pp.  453-4,  457. 

3  Marco  Sciarra  (ante,  i,  p.  432). 

4  One  of  the  many  impostors  who  claimed  to  be  Don  Sebastian  of  Portugal 
appeared  in  Venice  in  1598.  Expelled  from  Venice,  he  was  surrendered  to  Spain 
by  the  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany  in  1601  (Cal.  S.  P.  Ven.,  ix,  pp.  354,  449). 

"'  Antonio  Perez  (ante,  i,  p.  285). 

6  Hugh  Owen,  a  Jesuit  implicated  in  the  Gunpowder  Plot  who  fled  to 
Brussels.  Sir  Thomas  Edmondes,  the  English  ambassador,  was  commissioned 
to  demand  that  he  should  be  arrested  and  sent  to  England  (Wimcood  Mem., 
ii,  p.  183). 

7  Cf.  Bacon's  Essay  on  Discourse,  published  in  1597.  '  He  that  questioneth  much 
shall  learn  much,  and  content  much  ;  specially  if  he  apply  his  questions  to  the 
skill  of  the  persons  of  whom  he  asketh,  for  he  shall  give  them  occasion  to 
please  themselves  in  speaking,  and  himself  shall  continually  gather  knowledge/ 
(Ellis-Spedding,  vi,  p.  565.) 


APPENDIX    TV  109 

73.  The  F(rench)  K(ing),  after  he  is  dead  for  certain  days,  hath  all 
bgsl  ceremonies  done  to  him,  his  table  furnished,  his  physicians  feeling 
his  pulse.  He  mends,  and  at  last  he  falls  dangerously  sick,  and  surely  he 
will  die. 

74.  By  the  Turks'  law  all  contracts  written  in  Latin  may  be  broken. 

75.  A  party  in  Senate,  presently  after  the  death  of  the  F(rench) 
(King  said)  that  many  of  the  K(ing's)  pensioners  being  free,  none 
should  work  any  of  them  to  the  service  of  the  State  without  first  moving 
the  Senate,  and  giving  knowledge  of  his  person,  for  inconveniences  which 
■light  follow  after  any  one  that  should  offer  his  service  to  the  State,  and 
then  the  Senate  dislike  his  person. 

70.  Presently  upon  the  K(ing)  of  F(rance)  his  death  a  miracle 
noised  in  Venice,  and  told  by  public  authority  for  diverting  the  people's 
whisperings. 

77.  Any  Friar  may  quit  his  monastery  that  pretendeth  his  father 
unable  to  live  without  the  son's  labour. 

78.  Masters  of  houses  (are)  like  false  pillars,  which  seem  to  hold  up 
the  house,  when  indeed  the  foundation  holds  up  them. 

79.  The  Turke  hath  a  close  grate  with  a  curtain  in  a  room  where  he 
may  hear  what  passeth  between  all  ambassadors  and  his  vizier,  so  as  the 
vizier,  knowing  not  when  he  will  be  there,  answers  always  as  if  in 
presence  of  his  master. 

80.  The  officers  of  the  Turke  in  their  prayers  call  on  Mahomet  that 
they  may  receive  many  gifts  that  day,  knowing  the  great  Signor  gave 
them  that  office  to  make  themselves  rich. 

81.  A  gentleman  of  Naples,  begging  a  pension  of  Charles  V,  and 
amongst  other  services  of  his  ancestors,  telling  the  Emperor  that  his 
father  had  been  Viceroy  in  Sicily,  &c,  but  left  nothing  behind  him, 
answered  it  was  his  fault,  '  for  I  made  him  Viceroy  that  he  might  make 
himself  rich '. 

82.  At  Luca  every  hour  is  rung  an  Ave  Maria  bell,  and  the  answer  to 
what  o'clock  is  it  ?  is  sono  sonate  le  5  Ave  Marie. 

83.  Signor  Hercule  de  Salice  \  '  That  when  the  league  was  made 
between  the  17  Cantons  Swizers,  3  of  Grisons,  and  3  of  Valetia,  at  the 
meeting  (himself  one)  on  each  amb(assador's)  trencher  was  set  19 
glasses  of  each  to  drink  to  the  continuation  of  the  business. 

84.  Illustrissimo  Nani2,  Ve(netian)  ambassador,  when  the  Pope  told 
him  that  he  would  make  his  State  sweat  for  it,  answered  that  his  State 
would  then  wipe  it  off  with  his  rochetto. 

85.  Cavaliere  Guar. :  The  Court  of  Rome  is  like  the  sea  in  all  things, 
with  this  exception,  that  he  that  sails  well  in  the  one,  and  he  that  does 
ill  in  the  other,  arrive  best  at  their  ports. 

8G.  The  Jes(uits)  after  vespers  say  always  divers  Ave  Marias  ad 
intentionem  Reetoris. 

87.  Charles  V  :  That  the  diets  of  Germany  were  like  parti  di  vijyere, 
the  new  and  young  did  always  eat  up  the  old. 

88.  In  Naples  the  general  of  the  camp  permitteth  a  bank-master  for 
all  kind  of  gaming,  and  any  one  that  will  venture  living  in  the  galleys 
shall  have  money  lent  him  upon  condition  that  he  repay  it  at  such  a 

1  Hercole  de  Salice  (ante,  ii,  p.  149). 

2  Agostino  Nani,  Venetian  ambassador  at  Rome,  1605-6. 


496  APPENDIX    IV 

lime,  or  remain  there  to  work  it  out ;  so  that  many  venture  for  a  fortune. 
If  they  lose  they  know  the  worst,  if  they  win  they  repay  the  debt.  By 
this  means  the  city  is  rid  of  many  vagabonds,  the  galleys  furnished,  and 
all  without  distaste  of  the  people. 

89.  The  Count  Olivares  l,  Spa(nish)  amb(assador)  to  Sixtus  V,  who 
said  to  him  in  a  business  that  he  did  not  believe  him,  ■  if  your  Holiness 
do  not  believe  me,  yet  make  as  if  you  did,  for  if  I  say  false,  it  is  not  you 
that  must  correct  me,  but  my  master/ 

90.  The  Pope  Paulus  V,  when  Fulgentio  preached  at  Venice,  told  Con- 
tareni,  Ven(etian)  ambassador,  that  he  was  informed  that  in  Ven(ice) 
false  doctrine  was  suffered  to  be  preached,  and  so  willed  him  to  warn  the 
State  thereof.  He  ans(wered)  his  avises  went  otherwise,  that  Fulgentio 
only  exhorted  men  to  the  reading  of  the  Scriptures.  The  Pope 
ans(wered)  '  Et  non  sapete  vol  che  il  tanto  leggere  la  scrittura  guasti  la 
religione  Catholica  ? ' 2 

91.  The  Bishop  of  Philadelphia  in  Venice,  being  asked  whether  he  had 
received  the  Pope's  Jubilee  of  1608,  answered  he  had  not  received  any 
these  1607  years.3 

92.  A  courtier  to  the  F(rench)  K(ing)  that  his  ears  received  truths 
as  his  chequers  received  his  datii,  that  is,  one  for  an  hundreth. 

93.  The  King  of  Swethland's  son,  being  feasted  with  a  dance,  a  gentle- 
woman taketh  him  forth.  The  Q(ueen)  wherewith  pulleth  him  back 
and  said,  'Nonne  admodum  procax  est  puella  quae  JUium  regis  ausa  est 
sumere  ?  '  He  suddenly  answered,  '  Immo  jpotius  benigna  dea  quae  non 
dedignata  estfilium  hominis."1 

94.  An  advertisement  was  brought  from  Pome  by  a  priest  concerning 
the  F(rench)  K(ing's)  safety,  and  presented  to  the  F(rench)  ambas- 
sador in  Venice,  with  a  prayer  enclosed  in  it  that  all  the  while  he  should 
have  it  about  him,  should  be  as  good  as  pistol  proof  to  defend  him. 

95.  Max(imilian)  I  was  wont  to  say  that  he  was  K(ing)  of  Kings, 
the  K(ing)  of  Spa(in)  the  K(ing)  of  men,  the  K(ing)  of  France,  the 
K(ing)  of  asses. 

96.  In  the  banishment  of  the  Jesuits  from  Venice,  there  was  sent 
authority  from  the  Pope  to  a  gentlewoman  Jesuitical  to  confess  other 
women,  and  to  give  them  medals,  which  they  should  receive  instead  of 
the  sacrament,  and  have  like  effect. 

97.  Before  men  leap  into  great  businesses,  they  must  see  to  have 
a  good  foundation  and  ground  to  rise  from,  as  one  to  fall  on.4 

98.  Sometimes  flashes  are  flung  abroad  of  purpose,  that  haj)ly  lying 
still,  would  in  time  kindle  of  themselves. 

99.  The  Sposa  of  Florence  5  on  the  way  had  her  meat  served  into  her 
chamber  first  by  men  to  the  door,  then  by  gentlewomen  to  her  table. 

1  Count  Olivares  (1530-1590),  resident  ambassador  at  Kome  in  the  pontificate 
of  Sixtus  V. 

2  See  ante,  i,  p.  452. 

3  See  ante,  i,  pp.  436-7. 

*  Cf.  ante,  i,  p.  382,  'Be  the  minds  of  princes  never  so  well  prepared,  and  the 
love  between  them  never  so  great,  yet  before  they  leap  into  any  important 
treaty  one  with  another,  it  seemeth  as  necessary  to  have  a  good  ground  from 
whence  to  rise,  as  another  to  fall  upon.' 

5  Maria  Madelina,  sister  of  Ferdinand  of  Styria,  married  Prince  Cosmo  of 
Tuscany  in  1608  {ante,  i,  pp.  426  n.,  434). 


APPENDIX    IV  497 

100.  Causabong  to  Khony  * presentiug  his  Athaneus,  being  Greeke  he 
said  he  would  none  of  it,  he  understood  it  not.  Ca.  '  Your  Honour's 
son  notwithstanding  doth.'  '  Fool/  said  Ko.  '  it  is  not  fit  my  son  should 
know  more  than  1/  so  he  went  fretting  away  and  sware  per  Dieu  je  te 
farai  si  noir,  &c. 

101.  Don  Pedro2  in  '88,  being  asked  why  he  did  not  run  away  when 
he  might,  said  '  I  could  not  per  la  neyra  reputation  dun  soldato'. 

102.  The  Duke  of  Nevers3  to  Villeroy  4,  that  if  he  ceased  not  com- 
plaining of  his  government,  he  would  kill  him  with  the  spurs  he  wore. 

103.  The  Pope  by  executing  Fulg(enzio)5  showed  to  the  world  how  he 
would  use  the  Vene(tians)  were  they  in  his  power,  renewed  the  quarrel 
wherein  he  lost  such  reputation,  feared  the  rest  of  the  Ve(netian)  Theo- 
logues,  accused  himself  of  treachery,  and  lastly  confirmed  the  opinion 
the  world  hath  of  him  for  a  most  unreconcileable  man,  who  never  since 
his  Popedom  hath  vouchsafed  to  look  upon  his  brother's  wife,  because 
through  her  means  his  brother  refused  once  to  procure  him  a  gum  of 
money. 

104.  Sir  F.  Bacon  in  Parliament,  after  a  very  fair  speech  made,  said  : 
I  should  willingly  assent  to  your  former  speech,  if  we  were  not  come 

hither  rather  for  physic  than  music.' 

105.  In  difficult  times  States  send  into  the  ears  of  the  public  toys,, 
miracles,  &c,  as  mariners,  when  they  fear  whales,  throw  forth  empty 
barrels. 

106.  Boterg,  a  Jesuit  of  the  City  of  Bene,  of  whom  it  is  said  that  he 
was  the  only  huomo  da  bene  among  them  all. 

107.  Fulgentio  burned  at  Rome  in  July,  1610,  for  denying  the  Pope 
to  be  the  head  of  the  Church,  and  a  Capuchin  then  saved,  though  before 
condemned  to  have  two  wives. 

108.  Since  the  example  of  Alexander  VI,  and  then  Bianca  Capella, 
the  use  of  poisoning  is  lost  in  Italy — not  to  give  place  to  a  better  custom, 
but  to  a  more  convenient  vice,  the  stiletto. 

109.  Sir  Ko(bert)  Cecil  accused  to  his  Ma(jesty)  by  Udal,  and  the 
K(ing)  telling  him  of  it,  burst  forth  into  a  rash,  'By  God,  I  am  ashamed 
to  be  beholding  unto  your  Ma(jesty)  for  not  believing  that  base  rascal.' 

110.  My  Lord  Montjoy 6,  reprehended  by  the  K(ing)  for  taking 
tobacco,  answered,  'By  that  your  Ma(jesty)  shall  have  a  little  more 
practice  in  England,  (you)  will  find  greater  faults  to  pardon  amongst  us.' 

111.  The  Signoria  of  Ve(nice)  farmeth  2/3rda  of  their  datii,  the  other 
part  they  keep  to  themselves  for  their  officers'  greater  respect. 

112.  The  Spanish  ambassador  needed  no  spectacles  in  Venice,  for 
sure  States  represent  most  things  far  bigger  than  their  truths. 

113.  The  night  heats  in  Venice,  for  your  gross  bodies  retain  heat 
longer,  as  wood  than  straw ;  so  that  air,  thicked  by  vapours  from  the 

1  For  Casaubon's  relations  with  Rosny  (Due  de  Sully)  see  Pattison,  pp.  234-6. 

*  Perhaps  Don  Pedro  de  Valdez,  commander  of  the  squadron  of  Andalusia  in 
the  Armada.     When  his  ship  the  Capitaua  was  disabled,  Don  Pedro  de  Valdez 

eiused  to  leave  her,  and  was  taken  prisoner  by  Drake. 
3  Louis  de  Gonzague,  Due  de  Nevers  (1539-1595),  Governor  of  Champagne. 

*  Nicolas  de  Neufville,  Seigneur  de  Villeroi  (1542-1617),  French  secretary 
>f  state. 

5  Ante,  i,  p.  496. 

6  Charles  Blount  (1563-1606),  eighth  Baron  Mountjoy,  first  Earl  of  Devonshire. 

WO  I  TON.      II  K    K 


498  APPENDIX   IV 

waters,  retained  heat  after  sun-setting.     Besides  with  the  sun,  winds  do 
surely  abate. 

114.  Fatali  inavertenze.  The  League  of  Cambray  against  the  Vene- 
tians. The  Spanish  fleet  (in)  '88,  so  little  thought  on  that  eight  com- 
missioners were  then  in  the  Low  Co(untries)  treating  a  league. 

115.  Anteus,  when  he  touched  the  earth,  recovered  his  strength;  so 
will  you,  when  these  great  affairs  that  hold  you  up  abroad,  suffer  you  to 
touch  your  natural  ground.     To  Sir  H.  W. 

116.  The  Duke(s)  of  Ferrara  preceded  in  Italie  except  with  Venice; 
they  took  their  name  from  gaining  the  Castle  of  Este.  They  were  before 
called  Marchesi  di  Borgo  and  by  Ferd(inand)  III  Emp(eror)  intituled 
Dukes  of  Modena,  then  by  Paolo  II  Granduke  of  Ferrara,  who  was  the 
first  except  Milan  that  had  such  a  title  in  Italie.  The  difference  betwixt 
Florence  and  Ferrara  for  precedency  grew  from  a  distinction  betweeu 
Dukes  of  provinces  and  cities  ;  one  of  Tuscany,  the  other  of  Ferrara. 

117.  Molin  to  Sir  H.  W.  of  the  death  of  the  F<rench>  K(ing)  :   '0 
Monsieur,  c'est  a  nous  de  mettre  les  doicts  au  louche  et  contempler  let . 
grandes  ceuvres  de  dieu  avec  veneration  et  silence.' l 

118.  My  L(ord)  T(reasurer)  to  Sir  H.  W.  concerning  his  following 
the  King,  that  he  must  not  by  too  much  sedulity  make  himself  cheap 

.nor  by  too  much  absence  fall  into  forgetfulness. 

119.  Diodati  of  Padre  Paolo,  huomo  cubiculare,  on  what  side  soever  Ik 
fell  stood  still. 

120.  The  Prince  of  Venice  in  this  like  the  sun,  doth  effect  all  bif 
purposes  in  radio  obliquo,  not  by  direct  authority. 

121.  The  religion  of  Malta  is  to  destroy  the  Turks  and  infidels,  yet 
the  R(oman)  canons  condemneth  him   of   irregularity  that  any  wig 
sheddeth  blood  though  by  casualty.     In  confession,  a  person  for  theft 
though  from  a  few,  must  restore  or  not  be  pardoned  ;  they  of  Malta  stea 
by  authority. 

122.  The  Lord  Treasurer  Burleigh,  speaking  of  a  King's  authority  ii 
Parliament,  saith  :  '  I  know  not  that  thing  a  King  cannot  do  in  a  course  o 
Parliament  unless  it  be  a  miracle.' 

123.  Cheri  yielded  to  the  D(uke)  of  Savoy  with  condition  that  the;; 
should  hold  the  1,  2,  and  3  appellations,  the  last  to  the  Senate  at  Turin 
likewise  the  D(uke)  shall  never  abide  longer  than  three  days  there,  i 
his  occasions  urged,  four,  and  his  Court  must  go  out  at  one  gate,  an< 
enter  at  another,  like  that  of  Barcelona.  When  the  K(ing)  comes,  tlr 
gates  are  shut  against  him,  the  porter  asks,  '  Who's  there?'  'The  K(ing] 
of  Barcelona.'  'Then  you  know/  says  the  porter,  'what  the  K(ing^ 
must  do,'  so  he  puts  off  one  shoe  and  asks  leave  to  come  in. 

124.  Jurea,  called  Stallabium,  for  a  colony  of  horse  the  Romans  kep 
there.  The  Castle  whereat  the  Consul  lived,  at  the  fall  of  the  Empire 
was  possessed  by  the  Governor,  and  he  subdued  the  city.  The  inhabitant 
afterwards  overcame  him,  and  the  chief  governor  for  ever  after  wa 
ordained,  in  hate  of  that  castle  being  destroyed,  to  go  up  to  the  place  am 
throw  a  stone  into  the  Doha. 

125.  Thebe,  a  Queen  of  Lombardy,  had  Corduba  for  her  dowry,  bein; 
two  miles  from  Jurea,  who  founding  a  monastery  there,  ordained  that  tli 
mass-bell  should  ring  so  long  as  she  might  make  herself  ready,  and  com 

1  Cf.  No.  39. 


APPENDIX    IV  499 

thither  from  Corduba,  in  memory  of  which  Q(uecn)  the  monastery  con- 
tinue h  still  that  order  of  ringing. 

126.  The  fertility  of  Piemont  may  be  imagined  by  the  nearness  of 
colonies,  Jurea,  Turin,  Polenze ;  of  horse,  besides  the  marciones  prefecti 
limitaiidl  of  Monferat,  Salusti,  Scena,  and  divers  others  all  within  the 

of  twenty  miles. 

127.  Too  great  benefits  from  Princes  to  subjects  are  dangerous  ;  they 
■ike  the  mind  capable  of  merit  more  than  duty. 

128.  Consilia  senum  hastas  iuvenum  esse. 

129.  Princes  must  choose  their  instruments  far  neyoliis,  not  sujrra, 
that  are  only  theirs  without  friends  or  power. 

130.  Acts  that  fill  Princes'  coffers  are  often  the  ruin  of  their  first 
inventors. 

131.  Princes'  minds  and  favours  (are)  more  transitory  than  others, 
sooner  cloyed,  and  larger,  so  they  easily  overlook  their  first  elections, 
having  no  other  necessity  in  the  fastness  of  their  affections  than  their 
>wn  satisfaction. 

132.  Denials  from  Princes  must  be  supplemented  with  gracious  usage, 
that  though  they  cure  not  the  sore,  yet  they  abate  the  sense  of  it.  But 
best  it  is  all  favours  come  directly  from  themselves,  denials  and  things 
rf  bitterness  from  their  ministeis. 

1 33.  Great  must  be  the  art  of  that  man,  that  keeps  himself  afloat  in  the 
stream  of  Princes'  favour ;  who  effects  it  must  only  intend  the  honour 
md  service  of  his  master,  despoiled  of  all  other  respects,  transform  him- 
self into  his  inward  inclination,  work  into  necessity  of  employment  by 
mdergoing  the  offices  of  most  secrecy,  either  of  public  service  or  private 
pleasures ;  beat  he  must  down  competitors  of  worth  by  the  hands  of 
others,  conceal  his  own  greatness  in  public  with  a  feigned  humility ; 
vhat  in  potency  or  government  he  effecteth,  let  it  rather  seem  the  work 
jf  others  than  appetite  of  his  own. 

134.  H(enry)  III;  a  famine  so  violent  that  the  King  was  forced  to 
lirect  writs  to  all  the  sheriffs  ad  pauperes  mortuos  sepeliendos  famis  media 
lejirientes.1     (Sic.) 

135.  H(enry)  III  was  complained  of  for  his  private-  electing  Chief 
Fustice,  Chancellor,  Treasurer  that  should  be  chosen  .  .  .  they  by  the 
ommon  counsel  of  the  realm.2 

136.  The  Bishop  of  Winchester  denied  delivering  of  the  great  seal 
)ut  in  Parliament  where  he  received  it.3 

137.  Miles  literatus,  or  clericus  militaris,  Sir  priest. 

138.  Experience  is  dearly  bought  when  it  never  learns  to  do  but  by 
indoing,  and  never  sees  order  but  when  disorder  shows  it. 

139.  No  man's  bounty  is  much  loved  that  is  not  merely  future. 

140.  H(enry)  III  for  want,  and  rather  than  call  a  Parliament, 
■lawneth  Gascoine,  his  imperial  crown,  jewels,  and  when  his  own  pawns 
ails  pawns  the  jewels  and  ornaments  of  St.  Edward's  shrine,  and  in  the 

1  Probably  the  famine  of  1258  '.Matthew  Paris,  ed.  Luard,  v,  p.  702). 

-  Ibid.,  v,  p.  7. 

8  Ralph  Neville,  Bishop  of  Chichester,  who  was  elected  Bishop  of  Winchester 
188,  but  Henry  III  refused  his  assent.  He  became  Chancellor  in  1226  by 
ppointment  of  the  common  council  of  the  kingdom,  and  in  1236  refused  to 
esign  his  office  without  a  requisition  from  the  body  that  had  appointed  him. 
Hid.,  iii,  p.  364.) 

K  k  2 


500  APPENDIX    IV 

end,  wanting  means  for  diet  (as  Paris  saith)  he,  liis  Queen  and  children 
cum  Abbatibus  et  Prioribus  satis  humiUbus  hospitia  quaerunt  etprandia} 

141.  H(enry)  I  [I ;  a  Parliament  at  Oxford2  chose  24  comites  tt 
govern  the  kingdom,  12  by  them( selves),  12  by  the  King,  afterwarc 
Montford,3  Gloster 4  and  Despencer  5  at  another  Parliament  resigned  the 
authority  of  24,  and  made  themselves  a  Triumvirate,6  each  one  of  then 
aiming  to  be  a  perpetuus  dictator. 

142.  Men  must  beware  of  running  down  steep  hills  with  weight} 
bodies ;  they  once  in  motion,  suo  feruntur  pondere ;  steps  are  not  thei 
voluntary. 

143.  A  gracious  kind  of  pardoning,  not  to  take  notice  of  offences. 

144.  Tyrants  shed  blood  for  pleasure,  kings  for  necessity. 

145.  Immoderate  liberality  is  a  weak  means  to  win  love,  for  it  losetl 
more  in  the  gathering  than  gaineth  in  the  giving. 

1  '  Et  iam  cum  abbatibus,  prioribus,  clericis.  et  viris  satis  humilibus  hospital 
quaesivit  et  prandia.'     (Matthew  Paris,  ed.  Luard,  v,  p.  199.) 

2  The  'mad'  Parliament  at  Oxford  in  1258. 

3  Simon  de  Montfort,  Earl  of  Leicester  (1208?-1265). 

4  Gilbert  de  Clare,  eighth  Earl  of  Gloucester  (1243-1295,. 

5  Hugh  le  Despenser  (d.  1265),  Justiciary  of  England. 

6  In  1264,  after  the  battle  of  Lewes. 


LETTERS  OF  SIR  HENRY  WOTTON,  PRINTED  IN  THI 
RELIQUIAE  WOTTOMANAE,  OMITTED  IN  THI 
PRESENT   EDITION 

1.  March  12,  1591,  to  Lord  Zouche.     Reliq.,  4th  ed.,  p.  631. 

2.  March  26,  1591,  to  Lord  Zouche.     Reliq.,  4th  ed.,  p.  634. 

3.  July  31,  1592,  to  Lord  Zouche.     Reliq.,  4th  ed.,  p.  679. 

4.  Sept.  12,  1592,  to  Lord  Zouche.     Reliq.,  p.  692. 

5.  Sept.  Tv,  1620,  to  Conway  and  Weston.    Reliq.,  3rd  and  4th  eds.,  p.  501 
See  ii,  p.  191  n. 

6.  Oct.  20,  1620,  to  Calvert.     Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  467.    3rd  and  4th  ed* 
p.  293.    See  ii,  p.  193  n. 

7.  March  if,  1621,  to  Buckingham  ?    Reliq.,  1st  ed.,  p.  508.     3rd  and  4t 
eds.,  p.  302.     See  ii,  p.  210  n. 

8.  May  1%,  1622,  to  Calvert.     Reliq.,  3rd  ed.,  p.  536.     See  ii,  p.  238  n. 
Portions  of  Wotton's  newsletters  to  Lord  Zouche,  long  lists  of  the  '  occui 

rences  of  the  week ',  have  also  been  omitted  ;  these  will  be  found  in  th 
Reliquiae,  4th  ed.,  pp.  589-91,  593-6,  597-8,  604-5,  607-8,  612-15,  615-1- 
621-3,  644-6,  658-62,  665-7,  668-70,  671-2,  674-6,  677-8,  682-3,  686-7 
688-90,  694-5. 


GLOSSARY  OF  ARCHAIC,  OBSOLETE,  AND   RARE 
WORDS  USED  BY  SIR  HENRY  WOTTON 

The  words  in  italics  are  words  not  found  elsewhere,  or  familiar  words  first  used 
by  Wotton.     The  definitions  are  for  the  most  part  those  given  by  the  Xno 

English  Dictionary  and  the  Century  Dictionary. 


A.bone,  to  make  good,  ii  224. 

Abord,  arrival,  i  414. 

Aborted,  brought  to   a  premature  or 

fruitless  termination,  ii  36. 
A.bversion,  dissuasion,  ii  400. 
Acceptation,  acceptance,  i  383,  468. 
Acception,  acceptance,  ii  356. 
Addorse,  to  lay  upon,  i  455. 
Affiance,  confidence,  assurance,  ii  64. 
Agone,  ago,  i  416. 
A-lholantyde,  All  Hallows,  i  486. 
Amortized,  held  in  commission,  ii  318. 
Amusement,    distraction,    deception. 

i  326,  432. 

Apern,  apron,  i  415. 
Apostamated,      affected       with       an 

apostem,  corrupted,  i  395. 
Appertinent,  appurtenant,  i  298. 
Approachment,  approach,  ii  166. 
Approvement,  approval,  ii  172.  304. 
Apricocks,  apricots,  ii  491. 
Apt,  to  fit.  prepare,  ii  494. 
Armada,  fleet,  ii  159. 
Arthritical,  arthritic,  ii  338. 
Artisan,  one    who    practises    an    art, 

ii  343. 
Ascertain,  to    make    oneself   certain, 

i  240. 
Assassinate, assassin,  i  407,408n,ii37l. 
At  a  squat,  quiet,  suspended,  ii  280. 
Aversaticn,  aversion,  i  379. 

Baloon,  a  game  played  with  an  inflate  d 

ball,  ii  157  n. 
Banded,  bandied,  ii  381. 
Bangling,  squandering,  ii  228. 
Beaten,  experienced,  i  340. 
Bewray,  to  betray,  i  327,  ii  92,  111-12, 

205,  211.  218.  267. 
Blanch,  to  pass  without  notice,  ii  322. 

882. 
Blanked,     nonplussed,     disconcerted, 

i  28& 
Bragg,  lively  or  boastful,  i  381,  ii  2(55. 


1    Bruit,  rumour,  tidings,  i  422,  ii  64,  70, 
241. 
Brusk,  brusque,  ii  410. 

Capitulate,  to  make  the  subject  of 
negotiation,  i  364,  ii  157. 

Caring,  taking  care  of,  i  235. 

Cast,  a  couple,  ii  330. 

Cease,  to  put  a  stop  to,  ii  165,  251. 

Censure,  to  judge,  to  give  an  opinion 
of,  i  339,  349. 

Chambering,  lewdness,  ii  491. 

Chambers,  pieces  of  ordnance,  ii  33. 

Chamlet,  a  cheap  stuff  of  wool  and 
silk,  ii  211. 

Chaus,  chiaus,  Turkish  messenger  or 
envoy,  ii  15,  142. 

Choice,  special  value,  estimation, 
ii  315. 

Close,  an  enclosure,  ii  340. 

Closter,  a  measure  of  wood,  i  249. 

Collaudation,  praise,  commendation, 
ii  89. 

Commercement,  commerce,  i  322, 
388,  ii  108,  249. 

Compear,  to  appear,  ii  199. 

Compilement,  the  action  of  construct- 
ing or  building  up,  ii  332. 

Complements,  compliments,  cere- 
monies, ii  328. 

Comply,  to  use  compliments  or  cere- 
monies, ii   208. 

Concoction,  digestion,  ii  186,  387. 

Concur,  to  participate  in,  i  391. 

Concur,  to  add  (?),  i  460. 

Conducts,  conduits,  ii  101. 

Confer,  to  contribute,  ii  212. 

Conflner,  one  living  on  the  confim *,  a 
neighbour,  ii  298. 

Confiscable,  liable  to  confiscation,  ii  198. 

Congeniality,  similarity  of  tastes,  ii  205. 

Conoscible,  cognoscible,  i  414. 

Consistorial,  «>f  or  belonging  to  a 
consistory,  i  34»">. 


502 


GLOSSARY 


Convented,  summoned,  ii  28. 
Convention,  summoning,  ii  232. 
Corbet,  to  curvet,  ii  28. 
Correspondent,  responsive,  i  383. 
Corroborate,  to  invigorate,  ii  394. 
Counter-buff,  a  blow  in  the  contrary 

direction,  ii  17 
Crazedness,  ill-health,  i  459  n. 
Crazy,  ill,  infirm,  ii  407. 
Cremisin,  crimson,  i  464. 
Cross,  across,  i  434,  ii  168. 
Curious,  particular   about  manner  of 

action,  ii  303. 

Debatement,  debate,  discussion,  con- 
sideration, i  355,  ii  196,  215. 

Decumbent,  lying  in  bed  through  ill- 
ness, ii  98,  102,  129,  141,  219-20. 

Deerling,  darling,  i  329. 

Defalk,  to  defalcate,  ii  57. 

Deferred,  rendered,  ii  89. 

Deformation,  alteration  of  form  for 
the  worse  (opposite  of  reformation), 
i  363,  384,  386. 

Demerit,  to  merit,  to  be  worthv  of, 
i  357. 

Dependency,  suspense,  i  348. 

Destinated,  appointed,  i  391. 

Diet,  allowance  for  the .  expense  of 
living,  i  46,  ii  76. 

Difficult,  to  make  difficult,  ii  60. 

Dilating,  enlarging,  expatiating,  i 
361  n. 

Disappefency,  failure  of  appetite,  ii  272. 

Discomfortable,  comfortless,  ii  219, 
330. 

Disconvenient,  inconvenient,  i  293. 

Discountenance,  to  put  out  of  coun- 
tenance, ii  488. 

Disestimation,  disesteem,  i  317. 

Bis-exasperate,  to  pacify,  i  324. 

Disinterested,  unbiassed  by  personal 
interest,  i  385. 

Disports,  recreations,  ii  91. 

Dissoil,  assoil,  ii  68. 

Distent,  distension,  ii  53. 

Disumbrageous,  free  from  cloud  or 
suspicion,  ii  172. 

Doubles,  doubloons,  i  330. 

Ebriety,  inebriety,  i  298. 
Economical,  pertaining  to  a  household 

or  its  management,  ii  133. 
Electorating,  making  an  Elector  of  the 

Empire,  ii  224. 
Elemented,    instructed,    well-grounded. 

ii  369,  408. 
Eremite,  hermit,  ii  224. 
Especial,  pre-eminent,  ii  169. 
Evagations,  diversions,  ii  403. 
Exclusive,  exclusion,  i  385. 
Exemplar,  exemplary,  i  349. 
Exemplify,  to   instruct  by  examples, 

ii  488. 


Expectative,  expectation,  ii  73. 
Expressions,      things       pressed       or 

squeezed  out,  ii  380. 
Extemporal,  impromptu,  i  354,  ii  135, 

250. 

Family,  household  of  assistants,  ser- 
vants, &c,  i  47,  317,  450,  467. 

Fault,  break  in  the  line  of  scent 
(hunting  term),  ii  290. 

Featly,  fitly,  aptly,  ii  147. 

Februous,  feverish,  i  321,  ii  85,  189. 

Fence  out,  to  spend,  ii  353. 

Fit,  to  provide  with  what  is  fit.  ii  147, 
202,  234. 

Flashing,  dashing,  ii  221. 

Flatter,  to  nurse  or  take  care  of  one- 
self, i  462. 

Flaiuous,  flatulent,  ii  344. 

Fledge,  fledged,  fit  to  fly,  i  353. 

Flight,  one  able  to  go  or  run  swiftljr, 
ii  392 

Foot,  the  sum  or  total  of  an  account. 
ii  81. 

Forebar,  to  prevent,  i  465. 

Foresters,  foreigners  (forestieri),  i  296. 

Fraught,  freight,  ii  324. 

Gaily,  to  frighten,  ii  321  n. 
Generality,  commonness,  prevalence, 

wide  range,  ii  214. 
Genial, pertaining  to  generation,  ii  465 
Genius,    demon    or    spiritual    being 

i  252. 

Habilitated,  qualified,  ii  368. 
liabilities,    abilities,    qualifications, 

433. 
Harquebus,  early  type  of  portable  gun 

i  81,  407,  418,  491. 
Harrington,  a   brass  farthing    token 

ii  308. 
Hectical,   afflicted  with   hectic   fever 

consumptive;  chronic,  habitual,  i  148 

ii  24,  38. 
Historified,    decorated    with    figures 

historiated,  ii  346. 
Humourists,  students  of  'humours',  i 

400. 
Humourous  of,  desirous  of,  i  391. 
Hydropsical,  dropsical,  ii  215. 
Hypochondriacal,     proceeding     fron 

the  hypochondria,  ii  266,  380. 

Immane,  monstrous,  savage,  ii  156. 
Imprime,  to  begin,  enter  upon,  ii  1«R 
Impriming,  beginning,  entering  upoi 

action,  ii  365. 
Inable,  to  enable,  i  319. 
Incommodate,  incommode,  ii  21 7.  24  7 
Inculpable,  blameless,  i  397. 
Indilligence,  want  of  diligence,  ii  06. 
Indissoeiable,    incapable  of    being    (lis 

sociated.  ii  350. 


GLOSSARY 


503 


Ingeniously,  ingenuously,  ii  295. 

Ingenuity,  ingenuousness,  i  497,  ii 
849,  358. 

Ingenuous,  ingenious,  ii  199,216,  293. 

Injealoused,  made  jealous,  ii  1G3. 

Innated,  innate,  i  332. 

Insectiles,  insects,  ii  346. 

Insociable,  incompatible,  ii  86. 

Intelligenced,  informed,  i  400. 

Intendment,  intention,  ii  109. 

Intenebrated,  darkened,  rendered 
obscure,  ii  256. 

InUnnatch,  to  intermarry,  i  439. 

Intervent,  intervention,  i  273. 

Intoyle,  to  entoil,  ensnare,  ii  246. 

Intreatment,  treatment,  entertain- 
ment, i  503. 

Irreconcileableness,  incapability  of  being 
reconciled,  i  379. 

Irregutoritires,  irregularities,  ii  137. 

Journal,  daily,  ii  270,  399. 

Judicial,  pertaining  to  the  judgement 

of  the  heavenly  bodies,  i  486. 
Julio,  a  silver  coin,  i  276. 

Landtaye,  Landtag,  i  263. 
Language,  report,  news,   ii   173.  176, 

337. 

Laudatives,  laudations,  ii  349. 
Let,  a  hindrance,  i  228. 
Let,  to  hinder,  i  258. 
Levelled,  aimed,  ii  296. 
Lieger,    resident,    i   261,  ii  197,  199, 

216-7. 
Linger,  to  prolong,  to  defer,  ii  214. 

Malcontentedness,  discontent,  i  299. 

Malincholique,  melancholic,  ii  88. 

Master,  term  of  friendship  and  devo- 
tion (</.mistress),  i  379. 

Mawe,  a  game  of  cards,  i  273. 

Mediterranean,  inland,  i  272,  ii  306. 

Melancholic,  containing  'melancholy' 
or  black  bile,  atrabitious,  ii  398. 

Mergage,  mortgage,  ii  209. 

Misconceit,  misconception,  ii  233. 

Mistress,  term  of  chivalrous  devotion, 
i  171,  379,  ii  415. 

Motion,  to  move,  suggest,  i  455. 

Motion,  a  proposition,  suggestion, 
i  110,  ii  90,  126,  164,  256. 

Mouth-glue,  fish-glue,  ii  353. 

Moyle,  mule,  i  274. 

Mued,  mewed,  molted,  ii  330. 

Negotious,  given  to  business,  ii  94. 
NephriticaL  nephritic,  ii  401. 

I  Oblige,  to  bind,  i  484. 

Obstination,  obstinacy,  i  501  n. 

Occurrents,  occurrences,  i  486. 
•Of,  out  of,  from,  i  405. 

Of  course,  in  due  course,  i  405,  ii  140. 


Orator,  ambassador  or  envoy,  i  Ml. 
Orthodoxal,  orthodox,  i  448-9,  ii  148. 
Overcheer,  to  encourage  unduly, 
860. 
Overlive,  to  outlive,  ii  406. 
Overrun,  to  outrun,  i  384. 
Overspy,  to  watch  over,  i  835. 
Overween,  to  overestimate,  ii  332. 

Papable,  capable  of  being  elected  Pope, 

i296. 

Peazing,  pacifying,  ii  320. 
Perambulatory,  wandering,  ii  282. 
Piece,  to  unite,  come  together,  ii  B60. 
Plasht,  pleached,  ii  490. 
Plebeyity,  plebs,  ii  139. 
Politique,  politician,  i  341,  360,  404, 

440,  ii  60,  200,  269,  494. 
Portal,  used  of  an  ambassador's  official 

robes  (?),  i  498. 
Postilled,  explained  or  illustrated  by 

postils,  i  412. 
Pounded,    impounded,     confined,    ii 

300. 
Pourtrait,  to  portray,  ii  335. 
Practick,  practice,  practical  experience, 

i  273,  276,  278,  280. 
Preconsidted,  first  considered,  i  485. 
Preoccupate,  pre-occupy,  i  388. 
Presagement,  presage,  omen,  ii  160. 
Prevent,  to  forestall,  anticipate,  i  263, 

325,  ii  227,  332,  383. 
Privado,  a  favourite,  ii  310. 
Processing,  summoning  to  trial,  ii  159. 
Procinet,  preparation,  ii  364. 
Prodition,  treason,  treachery,  i  480. 
Proditorious,  treacherous,  ii  97. 
Produce,  to  prolong,  ii  332. 
Promoved,   promoted,    forwarded,    ii 

355-411. 
Promover,  promoter,  ii  149. 
Propend,  to  incline,  i  395. 
Provision,    discount  or    commission, 

1228. 
Punctual,  exact,  ii  252. 
Punctualist,    one    who    is    exact    in 

observing  forms    and  ceremonies,    ii 

102. 
Punctuality,    a    point    of    form    or 

ceremony,  ii  217,  258. 
Purchase,  occupation,  ii  186. 

Query,  equerry,  ii  1. 
Quotidian,  daily,  i  347. 

Ramasse,  a  heap,  collection,  i  322. 
Rapture,  seizure,  ii  245  n. 
Rebullition,    a    boiling    up   again,     re- 
newed outbreak,  ii  410. 
Becapitated,  forwarded,  i  291. 
Reconsolate,  reconsole,  ii  289. 
Recrews,  recruits,  ii  209. 
Regardful,  worthy  of  regard,  i  418. 
Regiment,  government,  ii  70, 298,  865. 


504 


GLOSSARY 


Rejourned,  adjourned,  i  292. 
Rejournment,  adjournment,  i  489. 
Relative,  a  cause  of  relation,  a  bond, 

ii  213. 
Relent,  to  slacken,  abate,  i  490. 
Remember,  to  remind,  i  374. 
Remonstrate,  to  demonstrate,  ii  179. 
Repatriation,    return   or   restoration   to 

one's  own  country,  i  280,  421. 
Representant,    representative,    i  413, 

ii  157,  271. 
Resiants,  residents,  i  434. 
Respective,  respectful,  i  500. 
Rest,  term  in  court-tennis,  ii  291. 
Restorement,  restoration,  ii  296. 
Retribute,  to  give  in  requital,  ii  379. 
Rhapsody,  a  collection,  i  349,  506,  ii 

107,  352,  400. 
Riddling,  puzzling,  ii  117. 
Rubbage,  rubbish,  ii  333. 
Rumour,  to  spread  abroad,  to  cause  to 

be  talked  about,  ii  288. 
Runagates,  renegades,  i  423. 

Scamble,  to  scramble,  ii  393. 
Scantling,   size,  dimensions,   stature, 

ii  343. 

Schott,  scot,  reckoning,  ii  274. 
Semi-breeve,  note  in  music,  ii  235. 
Senatorious,  senatorial,  ii  260; 
Sessed,  assessed,  i  261. 
Shadow,  umbrage,  offence,  i  495. 
Shadow,  to  conceal,  i  268,  327,  ii  115. 
Sithence,  since,  i  362,  366,  ii  75,  210, 

278. 
Sleave  silk,  slaved  or  untwisted  silk, 

ii  224. 

Snorling,  snoring,  ii  491. 
Solace,  to  take  comfort,  to  be  consoled, 

ii  379. 
Sollevation,  sublevation,  uprising,    i 

394,  ii  158. 
Sound,  swoon,  i  364. 
Spagniolized,under  Spanish  influence, 

i342n. 
Speak  with   the    most,    to    give    the 

highest  figures,  ii  251. 
Spirituous,  spirited,  ii  318,  320,  322-3. 
Spirity,  spirited,  ii  359. 
Splendent,  splendid,  ii  184. 
Standish,  an  inkstand,  ii,  364. 
Staple,  a  fixed  mart  or  market,  ii  25, 

247,  368. 

Stinted,  taxed,  i  267. 
Stomach,  to  resent,  i  263. 
Subintendment,  suggestion,  i  371. 
Subminister,  to  help  secretly,  ii  246. 


Subministration,act  of  secretly  help- 
ing, forwarding,  i  481. 
Subodorated,  suspected,  i  854. 
Succored,  ripened,  ii  491. 
Succussion,  a  violent  shaking,  ii  259. 
Sufficiency,  competency,  ability,  i  300, 

305,  337,  456,  ii  160,  162,  215.   284, 

488. 
Sufficient,    competent,    able,    i    300, 

321  n. 

Supportment,  support,  ii  399. 
Surcrew,  augmentation,  ii  376. 
Surreption,the  act  of  takingstealthilv, 

i  379. 
Suspension,   suspense,    i  468,   481,   ii 

116. 
Suspiration,  act  of  suspiring:,  sighing, 

i  445. 
Suspiring,  sighing,  ii  351. 

Tender,  to  take  care  of,  ii  71. 
Theologue,  theologian,  ii  66,  497. 
Theoriques,  theoretical    branches    of 

knowledge,  ii  371. 
Titular,  titled,  ii  88. 
Trained,  enticed,  allured,  i  488. 
Transportation,  digression,  i  432. 
Traverses,  untoward  accidents,  ii  369. 
Triaca,  Venetian  drug,  i  427,  ii  106. 
Trick,  to  dress,  fit  out,  ii  323. 
Trunk,  speaking-tube,  ii  299. 
Tumour,   swelling    or    proudness    of 

spirits,  ii  362. 
Turbant,  turban,  i  477. 

Umbrageous,  liable  to  take  offence, 

213. 
Umbrages,    shadows,  nice    points, 

115. 
UncastigUonated,    freed     from    Spai 

influence,  ii  208  n. 
Undisseizable,  incapable  of  being 

seized,  expelled,  ii  7. 
Unlimber,  not  limber,  or  flexible,  ii 
Unright,  wrong,  i  270. 


Vagations,  travels,  ii  352. 
Vent,  news  of,  ii  87. 
Vernality,  springtime,  ii  405. 
Visard,  vizor,  mask,  ii  216. 
Vye,   a   drawing    of    cards    in 
of  Mawe,  i  273. 

Weary  ish,wearish.  withered,  wizei 
ii  372. 


INDEX 


Abano,  baths  of,  i  454. 

Abbas,  Shall  of  Persia,  and  Sir  A. 
Shirley,  i  37-8. 

Abbot,  George,  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, receives  De  Dominis,  i  149 ; 
letter  about,  ii  229  n  ;  HW  presents 
Elements  of  Arch,  to,  285  n;— i  162,  ii  19, 
150  n,  155. 

Abbot,  Maurice,  Trade  Commissioner 
sent  to  Hague,  ii  73  n,  74,  77-8. 

Aberdeen,  i  233  n. 

Abergavenny,  Edward  Neville,  6th 
Baron,  ii  37. 

Abraham,  ii  348. 

Accoramboni.  Vittoria.  i  22,  285  n. 

Achmet  I,  Sultan  of  Turkey,  i  438. 
ii  239  n. 

Aeufia.    See  Gondomar. 

Adam,  ii  205. 

Adda,  the,  i  179. 

Addison,  Joseph,  ii  466. 

Adelmare.  Caesar,  physician  to  Queen 
Elizabeth,  i  410  n. 

Adige,  the,  i  436  n. 

Adriatic,  the,  pirates  in,  i  73,  163  ; 
Venetian  claim  to  dominion  of,  148, 
154,  ii  170  n;  to  right  of  search  in, 
i  74  ;  HW  suggests  English  ships 
should  be  sent  to,  80 ;  English  ships 
in,  154-6,  ii  146  n,  152,  155;  Dutch 
ships,  i  155;  Ossuna's  fleet  in,  152, 
154,  157,  ii  112,  128  n  ;  Venice  for- 
bids Spanish  troops  to  cross,  163. 
177,  179n;— i  50,  72,  323  n.  357  n, 
398  n,  452  n,  ii  18,  158,  169,  256. 

Aerssens,  Francis,  Dutch  ambassador 
in  Paris,  i  476  n,  ii  48. 

Aesop  quoted,  i  311,  437. 

Africa,  i  54,  159,  ii  150  n. 

Aga,  Pacha,  ii  239. 

Agostino,  Signor,  at  Siena,  i  290. 

Aires.     See  Ayres. 

Aix-la-Chapelle,  taken  by  Spinola, 
i  137  ;— i  140  n,  ii  45  n,  65  n. 

Akester,  John,  elected  from  Eton  to 
King's  College,  ii  380. 

Alba  Regale,  Duke  of,  i  296. 

Albanians,  attack  English  soldiers, 
i  156  ;  in  Venetian  service,  ii  152,  246. 

Albert,  Archduke,  co-ruler  of  Spanish 
Netherlands,  offers  Act  of  Renuncia- 
tion, i  416  ;  refuses  to  receive  Premoni- 
tion, 468  ;  and  fall  of  Wesel,  ii  70,  72 ; 
and  Juliers-Cleves  controversy,  42-5, 


47;  and  Treaty  of  Xanten,  i  139-41, 
143,  ii  54-5,  59,  65,  74  n,  75,  78,  80, 
82  n,  84  n  ;  letter  to  Philip  III,  65  D  . 
and  Corona  Regia,  92  n  ;— ii  19,  49, 494. 

Alberti,  Scipione,  HW's  host  at 
Siena,  i  21,  28,  290,  298-9  ;  his  ■  Del- 
phian oracle',  22,  220,  327  n,  ii  364, 
382. 

Albertini,  Ascanio,  ii  184,  186-7. 

Albi/.zi,  Tuscan  envoy  to  Venice  (1618), 
his  reception,  i  52  n  ;  difficulties  about 
visiting,  ii  158. 

Aldobrandini,  the,  ii  272. 

Aldobrandini,  Hippolito.  See  Clement 
VIII. 

Aldobrandini,  Pietro,  brother  of 
Clement  VIII,  i  281. 

Aldobrandini,  Pietro,  Card.,  nephew  of 
Clement  VIII,  i  321,  329. 

Aldrovandi,  Ulisse,  ii  378-9. 

Alen,  Cardinal.     See  Allen. 

Aleppo,  i  342,  353,  ii  246. 

Alexander  VI,  Pope,  ii  497. 

Alexander  VII,  ii  212  n,  276  n. 

Alexander,  Sir  Robert,  ii  17. 

Alexander,  Sir  Sigismund,  ii  17. 

Aleyn,  Godfrey,  secretary  to  Antonio 
Perez,  enticed  from  Paris  bv  HW,  i 
30. 

Alisbury.     See  Aylesbury. 

Alkind,  Mr.,  ii  407. 

All  is  Trice,  play  at  Globe  Theativ.  ii 
32-3. 

Allen,  William,  Card.,  protects  Eng- 
lish travellers  in  Rome,  i  17.  332  ; — 
i  65,  294,  331  n,  442  n,  ii  455. 

Allet,  Thomas,  ii  292-3. 

Almaigne.     See  German  v. 

Alps,  the.  HW  crosses,  i  18,  49,  113, 
120-1,  145,  147,  192,  ii  94,  96,  175, 
193,  207,  280,  282  ;— i  160,  363.  ii  25. 
255,  462. 

Alsace,  ii  183,  237  n,  246. 

Altavilla,  Benedetto,  astrologer  of 
Vicenza,  pretends  to  discover  gun- 
powder plot  in  Venice,  i  364. 

Altdorf,  HW  at,  i  12-3,  164,  239-40, 
248-9,  252,  255,  258,  ii  161,  482; 
Lord  Zouche  at,  i  13,  241,  250,  260-2, 
905-6,  280,  ii  161 ;— i  246  n,  856  n. 
259. 

Altera,  title  of,  demanded  by  Prince  of 
Conde,  ii  250  n;  by  D.  of  Mantua. 
270. 


500 


INDEX 


Altorph.     See  Altdorf. 
Alva,  D.  of,  ii  482. 

Ambassadors,  extraordinary,  i  46 
resident,  when  first  appointed,  46 
duties  of,  x,  331 ;  qualifications,  109 
etiquette,  63-4,  437  n,  503-5,  ii  158 
217-8,  259,271,  275;  HW's  definitions 
of,  i  in,  49,  111,  126-7,  ii  9-11,  123  n, 
211,  237  ;  reception  and  negotiations 
of,  at  Venice,  i  51-3,  413-4 ;  life  in 
Venice,  60,  ii  145  ;  reception  of,  at  the 
Hague,  i  136. 
Ambassadors,  special,  resident,  en- 
voys, agents,  &c. 
Bavarian : 

In  Venice,  i  475. 
Dutch  : 

In  England.     See  Caron. 

In  France.     See  Aerssens. 

In  Venice.     See  Vandermyle,  Berg. 
Ambassadors,  English  pay  of,  i  46-7  ; 
household,  47-9. 
English : 

To  Emperor.  See  Carlisle,  Wotton, 
Bristol. 

In  Flanders.  See  Edmondes,  Trum- 
bull, Bennet,  Gerbier. 

In  France.  See  Cobham,  Richmond, 
Carew,  Edmondes,  Lord  Wotton, 
Herbert,  Morton,  Scudamore. 

In  Germany.  See  Dickenson,  Wotton, 
Morton,Conway,Portland,  Nethersole, 
Chichester. 

In  Holland.  See  Winwood,  Wotton, 
Dorchester,  Boswell. 

In  Savoy.  See  Wotton,  Morton, 
Parkhurst,  Wake. 

In  Spain.  See  Cornwallis,  Bristol, 
Boos,  Aston. 

In  Turkey.  See  Barton,  Glover, 
Pindar,  Ayres,  Roe. 

InTuscanv.     See  Le  Sieur. 

In    Venice,    i   190.      See    Wotton, 
Dorchester,Monti,Branthwaite,Wake. 
Flemish: 

In  England,  ii  17,  65. 
French  : 

In  England.     See  Harlay.  Bisseux. 

In  Germany.     See  Sancy. 

To  Grisons.   See  Paschal. 

In  Holland.     See  Maurier,  Reffuge. 

In  Savoy.     See  Bethune. 

In  Spain.  See  Vaucelas,  Bassom- 
pierre. 

In  Venice.  See  Fresnes-Canaye, 
Joyeuse,  Champigny,  Bruslart?Villars, 


In  Vienna.  See  Angouleme,  Bethune, 
Preaux. 
German: 

In   England.     See  Sticke,  Buvick- 
hausen,  Dohna. 

In    Venice.      See     Dohna,     Lenk, 
Calandrini. 


■ 

In  Venice.     See  Sal  ice. 
Imperial  : 

In  Rome.     See  Harrach. 

In  Venice,  i  60,  184,  ii  232  :; 
Castiglione,  Fuggero. 

In  Turkey.     See  Kreckwitz.  Gallo. 
Modenese  : 

In  Venice,  i  47o. 
Papal  : 

In  Flanders.     See  Bentivo^li". 

In  Venice,  i  60,  184,  320  n,  341, 
349,  356,   ii  210,   271.     See  Offreddo, 
Gesse,  Monte  Fiascone. 
Of  Parma  : 

In  Venice,  i  60. 

In  Vienna,  ii  275. 
Savoyard : 

In  England.     See  Cartignana.  Per- 
gamo,  Gabaleoni,  Scarnafissi. 

In  France,  ii  2. 

In  Holland.     See  Scarnafissi. 

In  Venice,  i  185  n,  493,  ii  173. 

In  Vienna,  ii  200. 
Spanish  : 

In  England,  i  372  n.     See  Ca<tile, 
Zuniga,  Velasco,  Gondomar. 

In    Rome,    ii    93,    226,    228.      See 
Olivares,  Sessa,  Castro. 

In  Venice,  i  51,  60,  184,  ii  262. 
Cardenas,  Bedmar,  Castro. 

In  Vienna.     See  Ogniate. 
Tuscan  : 

In  England,  ii257.  S<?eLotto,Salvetti. 

In  Venice.     See  Montauto.  Albizzi, 
Sachetti. 
Venetian  : 

Reports  of,  i  15. 

In  England,  i  77.     See  Scaramell 
Duodo,    Molin,    Giustinian,    Coi 
Francesco  Contarini,  Foscarini,  Bs 
barigo,    Lionello,    Pietr«>    Contarini 
Donato,  Lando,  Valaresso. 

In  France,  i  433,  ii  239.  266. 
Badoer,  Priuli,  Foscarini,  Contari 
Pesaro. 

In  Germany.     See  Gussoni. 

To  the  Grisons,  i  395. 

To  Holland,  i  155.     See  Conta: 
Morosini. 

At  Milan.     See  Marchesini. 

In  Rome.     See  Duodo,  Nani.  C 
tarini,  Mocenigo,  Zeno. 

In  Savoy.     See  Badoer,  Barbari< 
Gussoni,  Donato. 

In  Spain,  i  433r  ii  210.  P 

cesco  Priuli,  Piero  Priuli. 

In  Turkey.     See  Valier. 

In  Tuscany.     See  Lio. 

In  Vienna",  ii  200,  204. 
America,  treasure-ships  from,  i  356 

440-1.     See  Virginia. 
Amiens,    HW  at,     1004)  i  320.  (1611 
ii  1  ;— ii  475,  477. 


INDEX 


507 


Ammanati.  Barthol.,  i  21  n,  196, 

Amsterdam,  ii  45,  346. 

Am-lmrage  tax  on  English  ships  in 
Venice,  i  7::,  871,  372  n;  HW's 
attempts  to  obtain  removal  of,  70,  371, 
872  n;  removal  of,  403. 

Ancona,  Henry  Bertie  imprisoned  at, 
ii  108,  110-1;— i  19,  156,  386,  407, 
470  n. 

Ami..  Marechal  d",  ii  107  n  ;  murder 
of,  118. 

Am  rum,  Sir  Robert  Ker,  1st  E.  of,  ii 
319. 

Andalusia,  ii  497  n. 

Andernach,  ii  81. 

Angd,  the,  English  ship  treated  as 
pirate,  i  322  n. 

Anglesea,  ii  480. 

Angolesme.     See  Angouleme. 

Angouleme,  Due  de,  French  ambassa- 
dor at  Vienna,  i  172,  ii  191-7,  200, 
808,  204,  206;  his  rebuff  to  ambassa- 
dor of  Parma,  ii  275. 

Anhalt,  Prince  Christian  of,  sends 
Christopher  von  Dohna  to  Venice, 
i  91 ;  visits  HW  at  Heilbronn,  ii  176; 
answer  of,  179  n. 

Anhaltische  Canzlei,  the,  i  175  n. 

Anne  of  Austria,  i  274  n. 

Anne  of  Austria,  wife  of  Louis  XIII, 
i  119,  ii  52,  390. 

Anne  of  Denmark,  wife  of  James  I, 
reported  plot  of,  against  James  VI, 
i  284,  285  n  ;  favourable  to  HW,  123 ; 
letter  to  Grimani,  ii  490  n;  sends 
jewel  to  HW,  ii  6  n,  474  ;  Overbury's 
rudeness  to,  19  ;  death,  160  n,  166  ;— 
i  118  n,  165,  199,  501  n,  ii  20,  22,  24, 
H  n.  29,  32  n,  42,  44,  51  n,  87,  157  n. 

Ansliach,  Marquis  of,  HW  visits,  ii  176; 
answer  of,  179  n. 

Antaeus,  ii  498. 

Antelmi,  Venetian  secretary,  visits 
HW,  i  177. 

Antelminelli,  Alessandro.  SeeSalvetti. 

Antelminelli,Bernardino,  execution  of, 
i  85,  36  n. 

Anthony,  Mark,  ii  253,  331,  395  n. 

Antichrist,  the  Pope  identified  with, 
i  71,  378  n,  431,  444  n,  466  n,  ii  47:] ; 
in  Premonition,  i  101,  103. 

Antonio,  Don,  of  Portugal,  ii  456. 

Antonio,  Fra,  of  Viterbo,  plots  against 
Sarpi,  i  442. 

Antwerp,  fall  of,  i  231 ;  HW  at  (1615\ 
ii  84,  (1616)  91,  (1623)  i  192,  ii  282; 
letters  from,  i  283,  339,  409,  491;— 
i  882,  846  n.  858  n,  297,  ii  115,  248,  280. 

Apennines,  the,  i  17. 

Appleby,  HW  M.P.  foT  1614),  i  132, 
ii  36  n. 

Apsley,  Sir  Edward,  ii  47">. 

Apuleius.  Apology  of,  edited  by  Casau- 
l)«>n,  i  25-6. 


Apulia,  i  896,  ii  107  n. 

Aquapendente,     Fabricio     <1*. 
Sarpi,  i  405. 

Aquilcia,  ii  256. 

Arabia,  ii  386. 

Arandell.     See  Arundel. 

Archatojugia,  letters  of  HW  published 
in,  i  vi,  14«"»  n. 

Archdukes,  the.     See  Albert. 

Archpriest  controversy,  the,  i  333  n. 

Archy.     See  Armstrong. 

Arcturus,  ii  160. 

Ardagh,  Bedell,  Bishop  of,  i  378  n, 
ii  463. 

Ardennes,  the,  ii  352  n. 

Argentina.     See  Strasburg. 

Aristophanes  quoted,  ii  353. 

Aristotle,  Casaubon  edits,  ill;  quoted, 
485  n,  ii  146,  268,  402. 

Ark  Royal,  ship  of  Essex,  at  Cadiz,  i  31. 

Arklow,  i  310. 

Aries,  negotiations  at,  ii  2r>.*»  n. 

Arlow,  i  310. 

Armach.     See  Armagh. 

Armada,  the,  i  in,  9,  24,  ii  479  n.  498. 

Armagh,  i  301. 

Armstrong,  Archy,  ii  18. 

Arnauld,  Nicholas,  HW's  letter  to, 
ii  244  n. 

Arnehm.     See  Arnheim. 

Arnheim,  ii  51,  71. 

Arundel  and  Surrey,  Alethea,  Countess 
of,  resides  in  Venice,  i  184  ;  report 
that  Foscarini  has  met  foreign  envoys 
at  her  house  ;  Dynely  sent  to  warn 
her,  she  comes  to  HW's  palace,  185, 
ii  232-3,  470;  audience  in  Collegio, 
i  186,  ii  232-5 ;  resolution  of  Senate 
about,  i  186;  second  audience,  187, 
ii  232 :  animosity  against  HW,  i  185-9, 
192 ;  HW  writes  of  to  her  husband, 
ii  240-2;  returns  to  England,  i  190  n. 

Arundel  and  Surrey,  Henry  Howard. 
3rd  E.  of,  HW  presents  to  Doge,  i  190, 
ii  240 ;  marriage  of,  i  189  n. 

Arundel  and  Surrey,  Thomas  Howard. 
2nd  E.  of,  visits  Venice,  ii  240  n;  his 
wife  in  Venice,  i  184 ;  reports  about 
his  wife  denied  to,  i  186  ;  unpopular 
in  England,  188;  his  view  of  HW, 
189,  ii  241  n  ;  letters  of,  i  1S9,  ii  241  n  ; 
HW's  letter  to,  240-2.  447;  his 
marbles,  i  195 ;— ii  17.  40,  180  n,  234, 
395. 

Aschara,  Roger,  i  47  n. 

Aschausen,  Joann.  Gottfried  von.  Bp. 
of  Bamberg,  ii  15-6. 

Ascoli,  Cardinal  d\     See  Berneri. 

Ashlev,  Sir  Anthony,  HW  win 

trial  of.  i  30  n. 
Ashley,  Sir  Jacob.     See  Astl.  y. 
Ashton,  Thomas,   chaplain   to    I- 

i  316  n. 
Asia,  i  842. 


508 


INDEX 


Asselinau,  M.,  French  physician  in 
Venice,  ii  102  n. 

Asti,  i  122;  treatv  of,  144,  148,  152, 
ii  94  n,  103,  474. 

Astley,  Sir  Jacob,  1st  Baron  Astley, 
ii  395,  399. 

Aston,  Sir  Walter,  1st  Ba7*on  of  Forfar, 
English  ambnssador  in  Spain,  ii  336  n ; 
HW's  letters  to,  i  112,  ii  213,  220-2, 
223-5,  444-6. 

Athenaeus,  edited  by  Casaubon,  ii  497. 

Athenians,  the,  ii  112  n. 

Athens,  i  437. 

Atticus,  ii  408. 

Atilla,  ii  256. 

Aton.     See  Ayton. 

Atylas.     See  Atilla. 

Aubonne,  ii  464. 

Augsburg,  HW  at,  (1604)  i  49,  126, 
320,  (1619)  165,  ii  172-3,  176,  (1620) 
i  171,  ii  189,  192,  205  n  ;  Welser  at, 
i  127,  ii  9 ;  plan  for  intercepting 
letters  at,  147-8  ;— i  245,  314  n. 
437,  ii  9,  10  n,  193,  198,  207,  479. 

Augustus,  ii  253,  331. 

Auldbar,  Laird  of.     See  Lyon. 

Austria,  i  16,  166,  171,264,  267,  305  n, 
368,  417,  ii  205  n,  209,  306  j  House 
of.     See  Habsburg. 

Austro-Spanish  powers,  the  dominion 
of,  in  Europe,  i  75  ;  hostility  of  Venice 
to,  50,  76 ;  combinations,  or  attempted 
combinations,  against,  75-6,  182, 
484  n ;  Henry  IV's  '  Great  Design  '  for 
attacking.     See  Henry  IV. 

Auvergne,  ii  356. 

Auvergne,  Count  d',  i  336  n. 

Avein,  battle  of.  ii  352  n. 

Averrhoes  quoted,  ii  255. 

Avery,  Dudley,  difficulty  about  his 
election  to  Eton,  ii  367-9. 

Avery,  Joseph,  agent  at  Hamburg, 
ii  367. 

Avery,  Samuel,  ii  367-9. 

Avicenna  quoted,  ii  392. 

Avignon,  i  365. 

Aylesbury,  ii  394. 

Ayres,  Sir  John,  ambassador  at  Con- 
stantinople, ii  221. 

Ayton,  Sir  Robert,  wishes  to  be  Provost 
of  Eton,  i  199,  200  n. 

Azores  expedition,  the,  i  30  n,  33,  37, 
304,  ii  469 ;  HW's  opinion  of,  i  31. 

Babylon,  Rome  identified  with,  i  71, 
101,  113,  173,  274,  455,  457,  ii  473. 

Bacherach  (Bacharach),  ii  31. 

Bacon  MSS.  at  Lambeth,  i  31. 

Bacon,  Anne  Lady,  mother  of  Sir 
Edmund,    ii   21. 

Bacon,  Anne.    See  Meautys. 

Bacon,  Anthony,  i  9,  32  n,  189  ;  letter 
to  Sir  Edward  Wotton,  29  n  ;  to 
E.  Reynolds,  31  n ;  to  Essex  about 


HW,  32  ;  letter  to,  from  E.  Revnolds, 
31  n. 

Bacon,  Sir  Edmund,  marries  HW's 
niece,  i  118,  318  n  ;  recommends 
Bedell,  378  n,  505  ;  HWs  friendship 
with,  117-8  ;  HW  visits,  see  Red- 
grave ;  with  HW  at  Boeton,  ii  322, 
at  Canterbury,  390 ;  HW  thanks  for 
help,  336-7  ;  mentioned  by  Sir  T. 
Browne,  396  n  ;  his  will,  330  n  ; 
letters  of,  337  n  ;  HWs  letters  to,  i  v, 
118,  130,  142,  208,  221,  505,  ii  13-41, 
81,  289,  312,  317,  319,  322-4,  330, 
336-47,  374,  392-401,  405,  433-4,  436, 
450-3  ;  biographical  note,  460-1  ;— 
i  483,  ii  311  n,  312,  328,  345  n,  462, 
471. 

Bacon,  Francis,  Viscount  St.  Albans, 
cousin  and  friend  of  HW,  ii  461  ; 
wishes  to  be  Provost  of  Eton,  i  199  ; 
mentioned  in  Table  Talk,  ii  497  ;  early 
letters,  i  x  ;  letters  of,  sent  by  HW  to 
Sir  G.  Clifton,  ii  352,  461  ;  corre- 
sponds with  HW,  i  in,  ii  461  ;  letter 
to  HW,  204  n,  412  ;  HW's  letter 
to,  i  171,  197,  ii  204,  412,  444  ; 
Essays,  i  196,  ii  494  n  ;  Nonim 
Organum,  i  415  n,  485  n  ;  sent  to  HW, 
ii  204  ;  Historia  Vitae  et  Mortis,  quoted 
by  HW,  338,  371  ;  Confession  of  Faith 
sent  by  HW  to  Sir  E.  Bacon,  393  ;— 
i  9,  161  n,  ii  12  n,  14  n,  34  n,  38  n,  332. 

Bacon,  Francis,  page  of  Queen  of 
Bohemia,  ii  311-2,  318-20,  322-6, 
342,  345. 

Bacon,  Sir  Nathaniel,  ii  204  n. 

Bacon,  Sir  Nicholas,  Lord  Keeper,  i 
117-8,  410  n,  ii460. 

Bacon,  Sir  Nicholas,  father  of  Sir 
Edmund,  ii  21,  460. 

Bacon,  Sir  Nicholas,  of  Gillingham, 
i  483,  489,  ii  18,  38. 

Bacon,  Philippa  Wotton,  Lady,  wife 
of  Sir  Edmund  Bacon,  i  118,  318  n, 
507  n,  ii  21,  23,  31-2,  38,  40,  82,  460-1 ; 
her  death,  i  209,  ii  289,  294  n,  312. 
342,  374,  405. 

Bacon,  Sir  Robert,  brother  of  sir 
Edmund,  ii  311  n,  345  n. 

Bacon,  Robert,  ii  345. 

Bacon,  Thomas.    See  Southwell. 

Baden-Baden,  Edward,  Mark^raf  of. 
visited  by  HW,  i  30. 

Baden-Durlach,  George  Frederick. 
Margrave  of,  i  181,  ii  176,  179  n. 

Badnedge,  Thomas,  gentleman  of  Lord 
Cork,  conducts  the  Boyles  to  Eton,  ii 
355  n,  358-9. 

Badoer,  or  Badoero,  'old'  family  of 
Venice,  i  434  n,  ii  128. 

Badoero,  Angelo,  arrest  of,  i  410, 
453. 

Badoer,  Angelo,  ambassador  in 
France,  ii  12S  n. 


INDEX 


509 


Badoer,  Gregorlo,  Venetian  envoy  at 
Turin,  i  467. 

Baerle,  Suzanne  van,  ii  411  n. 

pagshawe,  Christopher,  Catholic 
Controversialist,  i  .'531,  895. 

Baker,  Sir  Richard,  at  Oxford  with 
IIW,  i  r>,  ii  869  ;  sends  HW  his 
Meditations,  869;  biographical  note, 
161  ;  HW's  letter  to,  369-70,  452. 

Balan.  Henry,  in  service  of  HW  (1620). 
i  17o  n,  ii  195. 

Balbi.  Venetian  family,  ii  141. 

Ball>i,  Nicold,  murders  Nicholas  Pert, 
i  823  5. 

Balcauquhall,  Walter,  Dean  of  Dur- 
ham, ii  895,  397.  405  ;  his  Declaration, 
407;  lettorof,  194  n,  195  n. 

Baldi,  Ottavio,  assumed  name  of  HW, 
i  40-2,  112  ;  HW's  letters  signed,  367, 
383.  419,  425,  450,  459,  467,  476,  478, 
ii  53,  100. 

Baldwin.  Win,,  kidnapping  of,  ii  117  ; 
proposed  exchange  for  Mole,  i  488  n  ; 
ii  12(5-7  ;  release  of,  169  n;  in  Rome, 
109. 

Baltimore,  Sir  George  Calvert,  1st 
L<ud,  appointed  secretary,  i  165,  ii 
1(16,  167  n,  476  ;  HW  congratulates, 
167  ;  says  HW  is  blamed  for  conduct 
to  Lady  Arundel,  i  188  ;  HW's  letters 
to,  166,  178,  183,  190  n,  ii  167,  189, 
192-4,  200,  207,  210,  214-20,  223, 
225-31,  235,  239  n,  242,  246,  250-2, 
258,  265-73,  276  n,  277,  279,  442-9, 
470  ;  letters  of,  i  454  n,  ii  201  n,  241, 
258,  264 ;— ii  166  n,  286  n,  464. 

Bamberg,  ii  15. 

Banbury,  Wm.  Knollys,  1st  E.  of, 
ii  40,  492  n. 

Bancroft,  Richard,  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,   i  395. 

Bandon  Bridge,  Lord.  Sec  Boyle,  Visct. 

Banes.     See  Baynes. 

Barbarigo,  'new'  family  of  Venice, 
ii  135  n. 

Barbarigo,  Gregorio,  Venetian  ambas- 
sador at  Turin,  i  490,  500  n  ;  describes 
HW's  reception  at  Turin,  114  ; 
ambassador  to  England,  ii  85. 

Barbarigo,  Piero,  General  of  Venetian 
fleet,  ii  13.1  ;  executes  English 
mutineers,  i  155-6,  ii  152-6,  158-9  ; 
his  treatment  of  Southake,  155  n. 

Barbarini,  Maffeo.     See  Urban  VIII. 

Barbaro,  Procurator,  ii  276,  278. 

Barbarv  pirates,  i  322. 

Barcelona,  i  326,  ii  365,  498. 

Ban-lay,  John,  ii  92-3  ;  his  Eitphor- 
mionis  Lusinini  Satyricon  93. 

Barclay,  William,  ii  93. 

Bargrave,  Isaac,  Dean  of  Canterbury, 
HW's  chaplain  (1616-8),  i  145  n ; 
returns  to  England,  ii  143 ;  HW's 
bequest     to,     i     218  ;     death,    224  ; 


biographical  nod,  ii  Mil  -i!  ;  letter  of, 
116  n  ;  HW's  letter  to,  148-51,  441; 
Leete's  letters  to,  i  58,  ii  144  n,  145  n, 
157 B,   171  ;— i216,  ii  160. 

Bargrave,  John,  i  L'17n. 

Bargrave,  Thomas,  executor  of  HW's 
will,  i216,  217  n. 

Bark  lay.     See  Barclay. 

Barkahin.      See  Berkshire. 

Barneveldt,  John  of,  HW's  interviews 
with,  i  13(»,  ii  43  n,  44,  64,  71,  78-6, 
84  n  ;  conducts  negotiations  about 
treaty  of  Xanten,  i  140-2 ;  fall  of, 
ii  160n;—i  ix,  99,  134,  476  n,  ii  50, 
82-3. 

Barnham,  Sir  Francis,  ii  390. 

Barono,  Giovanni,  Jesuit,  i  347. 

Baronius,  Cardinal,  his  advice  to 
Paul  VI,  356  n  ;   attacks  HW,  ii  10. 

Barozzi,  'old'  family  of  Venice,  i  184. 

Barrett,  Charles,  of  Belhus,  i  338  n. 

Barrett,  Edward  Lord,  of  Newburgh, 
sends  HW  observations  about  Spain, 
340,  375  n  ;  Spanish  music,  375  ; 
HW's  letters  to,  338-40,  375,  379-81, 
ii  420,  423. 

Barte,  Bartie.     See  Bertie. 

Bartlet,  Sir  Thomas,  ii  29. 

Bartoli,  Giorgio,  secretary  to  Mont- 
auto,  in  Venice,  letters  quoted, 
i  336  n,  479  n,  486  n. 

Bartolist  school  of  legal  study,  i  10. 

Barton,  Edward,  English  ambassador 
at  Constantinople,  i  261,  295. 

Barvicke.     See  Berwick. 

Basegio, '  old '  family  of  Venice,  i  434  n. 

Basil,  Basile.     See  Basle. 

Basing  House,  siege  of,  ii  365  n. 

Basle,  HW  intends  to  study  at,  i  9-10, 
228,  230,  234,  237  ;  HW  visits,  (1612) 
i  123,  (1616)  145,  ii  94,  (1623) 
i  192,  ii  281  ;— i  300,  301  n,  469,  ii  115, 
117,  120. 

Bassadonna,  Zuane,  Venetian  agent  in 
England,  i  299,  ii  494. 

Bassani,  the,  portraits  by,  i  55. 

Bassano,  Jacobo  de  Ponte,  •  Seasons ' 
of,  bequeathed  by  HW  to  Windebank, 
i  218. 

Bassano,  Leandro,  ii  349. 

Basset,  Sir  Arthur,  i  386  n. 

Basset,  Sir  Robert,  pretender  to  Eng- 
lish crown,  in  exile,  i  346  ;  returns 
from  Italy,  846  n. 

Bassompierre,  Francis,  Baron  de,  ii 
239. 

Bastard,  Thomas,  his  epigrams  ad- 
dressed to  HW,  i  32  n. 

Bath,  ii  3  n,  20,  22,  387. 

Bathori,  Sigismund  II,  Prince  of 
Transylvania,    i   285. 

Bathori,  Stephen,  K.  of  Poland,  ii 
456. 

Batier,  M.,  ii  356. 


510 


INDEX 


Battista,  Gian,  and  Foscarini  case, 
ii  261-2. 
Bavaria,  HW  in,  (1619)  i  165,  ii  174-6, 
(1620)  i  174-6,  ii  207-9  ;  Dukes  of,  see 
Maximilian, William;  Prince  Albertus 
of,  ii  174  ;  Prince  Ferdinand  of,  see 
Cologne ;  Prince  Philip  of,  i  286,  294, 
296  ;— 14,  475  ;  ii  168. 
Baynes,  Roger,  secretary  to   Cardinal 

Allen,  i  294. 
Beadle.     See  Bedell. 
Beamorris.      See  Beaumaris. 
Beam.     See  Berne. 
Beaumaris,  Essex  sails  to  Ireland  from, 

i  306-7  ;  letters  dated  at,  306-7. 
Bedell,  William,   HWs    chaplain    at 
Venice     (1607-10),     HW     asks     for 
passport     for,     i    378  ;     arrives    in 
Venice,  86,  103  n  ;  and  the  number 
of   the  Beast,   444  n  ;   acts  as  inter- 
mediary   between    HW   and    Sarpi, 
56,    86-7,    399,    406  n,     ii  302  ;   his 
friendship     with     Sarpi     denied,     i 
103  n  ;    reproves    HW    for     keeping 
an     ape,    59  n  ;   praises     HW,     86  ; 
describes  HWs  plans    for  religious 
propaganda,  90-1 ;  translates  Sandy s's 
Europae  Speculum,  91  ;  the  Premonition, 
102,  466  ;  discourses  in  house  of  HW, 
91,  96 ;   translates  Anglican  liturgy, 
91 ;    books  imported  by,   96,  416  n ; 
helps  Fulgenzio  to  compose  sermons, 
98,  447  n  ;  leaves  Venice,  114  ;  HW 
writes  to  Sir  E.  Bacon  about,  505 ; 
returns  to  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  505  n  ; 
his   translation   of  Sarpi's   History  of 
Interdict,  128-9  ;  HW  recommends  for 
Provostship  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 
ii  301-2  ;  reported  help  to  HW,  352  n  ; 
death   of,  i   224 ;    biographical  note, 
ii  462-3  ;  letters  of,  i  xi,  86, 90-1,  407  n, 
441  n,  ii  301  n,  463,  466  ;— i  398,  496  n, 
ii  467-8. 
Bedell,  William,  jun.,  his  life   of  his 
father,  ii  301  n,  468. 
Bedmar,  Marquis  of  {Don  Alfonso  delta 
Cueva),  Spanish  ambassador  in  Venice, 
relations  with  HW,  i  61,  158;   HW 
remonstrates    with,   about    Tyrone's 
reception    at    Milan,    418^  n  ;    keeps 
criminals   in   his    house,  67  n  ;    and 
plot  of  1618,  157,  ii  142;  mentioned 
in  Table  Talk,  492,  497  ;— i  467,  476  n, 
487-9,  ii  154  n,  210,  261. 
Beecher,  Sir  William,  ii  475  ;    wishes 
to  be  Provost  of  Eton,  i  299  ;  bargain 
with  HW,  200,  ii  316. 
Beeli,      Domenico,     Catholic      leader 
among  the  Grisons.   executed,  i  395. 
Bel,  Beufre,  i  397  n.  ' 
Belhaven,    Visct.  (Sir  Robert  Douglas), 
buys  horses  in  Italy  for  Prince  Henry, 
i  458  n,  470 ;  finds  Lord  Gowrie's  arms 
at  Padua,  458  ;  goes  to  Naples,  470  n. 


Belhus,  Essex,  i  338  n. 

Beli.     See  Beeli. 

Belkanquel.     See  Balcanquhall. 

Belknap,      Alice,      grandmother 
Eleanor  Wotton,  i  3  n. 

Belknap,      Anne,      grandmother 
Thomas  Wotton,  i  3n,  ii  461. 

Belknap,  Sir  Henry,  ii  461. 

Bell,  Captain  Henry,  ii  22  n,  129,  1^ 
biographical  note,  ii  463. 

Bell,  Nicholas,  father  of  Lady  Wii 
wood,  ii  106  n. 

Bellamy,  N.,  captured  and   sent  int 
England,  i  231  n. 

Bellarmino,  Roberto,  i  100  ;  HW  visit- 
294;    in    favour   with  Paul   V,  335 
on  dignity  of  cardinals,  482  ;— 464 
ii  93,  117,  169,  493. 

Bel  voir  Castle,  James  I  at,  i  121. 

Bembo,  '  old '  family  of  Venice,  i  434 

Bembo,  Filippo,  ii  133. 

Bembo,  Giovanni,  Doge  XCII,  i  141 
149 ;  election,  ii  133,  137  ;  character, 
133-4;  HWs  audiences,  i  147,  154 
ii  97  n,  111  n,  112  n,  113  n,  122 
125  n,  126  n  ;  thanks  James  I  for  hi 
remonstrances  with  Philip  III 
122  n  ;  letter  from  James  I  to,  ii  463 
death,    i   161,    ii  127  n,   132-3,   135, 


141. 
Bembo,    Pietro, 
Venice,  ii  484. 


Card.,    historian    of 


Benedictines,  the,  i  331,  350,  ii  136. 
Benedictus    a    Benedictis,     book    by, 

i  444  n. 
Benevento,      Count     of,     Viceroy     of 

Naples,  i  328-9. 
Beni,  Paolo,  his  Anticrusta,  ii  485. 
Bennet,   Sir  John,   describes   HW  at 

Court,    i    507  n  ;    special    envoy    to 

Brussels,  ii  92  n. 
Bentivoglio,    Card.,  Nuncio   at   Brus- 
sels, ii  65  n. 
Bercke.     See  Rheinberg. 
Berg,  — ,  Dutch  ambassador  in  Venice, 

ii  258-9. 
Berg,  Duchy  of,  ii  56-7. 
Bergamo,  i  433,  ii  131,  259. 
Bergen-op-Zoom,  i  336,  ii  248. 
Bergh.     See  Rheinberg. 
Berkeley,  George,  13th  Baron,  ii  29  n. 
Berkeley,  Sir  Maurice,  i  22  n. 
Berkshire,  ii  399. 
Berkshire,    Thomas    Howard,    1st    E. 

of,  ii  16-7. 
Berloc,  Baron  von,  travels  with  HW 

to  Rome,  i  17,  271. 
Bermudas,  the,  i  153  n,  ii  87. 
Bernadoviz,  Zacharias,  ii  98. 
Berne,  MSS.  at,  i  314  n  ;-i  33,  300,  304, 

ii  94,  179. 
Bernegger,  Kepler's  letter  to,  ii  2<».">  n. 
Berneri,Hieronymus,Cardinald'Ascoli, 


INDEX 


511 


protests  against  HW's  presence  in 
Venice,   i  95. 

Berni,  Francesco,  his  Opcre,  ii  485. 

Bernstein,  Baron  von,  papal  legate  in 
Poland,  i  286. 

Berry.     See  Bury  St.  Edmunds. 

Bertie,  Henry,  imprisoned  at  Ancona,ii 
108,  110-1; ;  removed  to  Rome,  110,114. 

Berwick,  ii  410  n;  fortifications  of, 
ii  899 n. 

Bethes  la,  pool  of,  ii  264. 

lntliune,  M.  de,  French  ambassador 
at  Turin,  i  145;  at  Vienna,  172, 
ii  101-7,  200,  202,  204,  206. 

pexley,  Kent,  i  279  n. 

■tee,  Theodore  de,  HW  sends  greet- 
ings to,  i  303  ;  his  Confessio,  i  467. 

Bible,  the,  i  87,  211,  399  n,  447  n, 
ii  170  ;  translated  by  Diodati,  i  351  n  ; 
circulated  by  HW  in  Venice,  90,  96, 
162  ;  quoted,  126-7,  302,  333,  338,  350, 
866  n,  363,  383,  485,  ii  10,  64,  208, 
818,  225n,  249,  304,  336,  348,  351, 
353,  370,  401,  407,  463. 

Bie,  Count  de,  ii  199. 

Bilderbeck,  — ,  ii  91,  280-1. 

Bilford,  — ,  ill8n,  119  n. 

Billingsley,  Capt.,  his  soldiers 
mutiny,  ii  153  n. 

Biographia  Britannica,  Life  of  HW  in, 
i  xii,  xiii,  ii  456. 

Biondi,  Sir  Giovanni  Francesco,  in 
H W's  service,  i  48  n ;  carries  letter 
of  Bedell  to  England,  90 ;  his  return, 
466  ;  lays  Sarpi's  proposals  before 
James  1, 93 ;  161, 446-7,  ii  79, 149,490  n; 
received  by  James  I,  469  n  ;  given 
pension,  ii  80  ;  sent  to  Turin,  i  493  n  ; 
goes  with  HW  to  Turin,  120 ;  with 
HW  at  the  Hague  (1614),  sent  to 
Brussels,  ii  43  n,  80  ;  sent  to  arrange 
truce,  49-50  ;  HW  recommends  to 
Winwood,  79-80  ;  biographical  note, 
463-4;  his  letters,  i  117,  ii  35  n  ;— 
i  469,  470. 

Biondi,  Mary  Lady,  ii  464. 

Biron,  Due  de,  i  336.    - 

Bisseux,  Samuel  Spifaine  des,  French 
ambassador  in  London,  ii  35,  37. 

Bitonto,  Antonius  de,  his  Sermones, 
ii  485. 

Blackwell,  George,  archpriest,  arrest 
of,  i  399. 

Blithe,  Samuel,  ii  479. 

Blochinghen,  ii  189. 

Blotius,  Hugo,  librarian  of  the  Imperial 
Library  at  Vienna,  HW's  host 
(1590-1),  i  14,  244,  247,  251,  269; 
letters  to,  14  n,  17-9,  29, 32,  ii  417-20  ; 
his  wife,  i  14. 

Blotius,  cipher  name  for  Ferdinand  I, 
i  284. 

Blotz.     Sec  Blotius. 

Blunt,  Mr.,  merchant,  ii  106. 


Blunt,  Sir  Charles.     Set  Devonshire. 

Blunt,  Sir  Christopher,  i  259. 

Blunto,  Capt.,  ii  56. 

Boccaccio,  Giovanni,  his  Dccameronc, 
ii  485. 

Bocton  Malherbe,  HW's  birthplace, 
i  1-3,  49,  215,  225,  228  n,  238  n,  284  n, 
ii  29,  34,  38  n,  891;  HW  revisits, 
i  212,  ii  821-2,  327,  403,  405,  409  ; 
Queen  Elizabeth  at,  i  4. 

Bod  in,  Jean,  i  291  n. 

Bodley,  Sir  Thomas,  ii  106. 

Bodwel.     See  Both  well. 

Bogdan,  Stephen,  Moravian  pceten- 
dant,  takes  possession  of  HW's  house, 
i  413-4  ;  proposed  marriage  with  the 
Lady  Arabella,  414  n,  438 ;  goes  to 
Constantinople,  414  n,  437. 

Bohan,  Mr.,  ii  313. 

Bohemia,  i  249,  252,  268  n,  301,  305  n, 
507  n,  ii  212,  306;  revolution  in, 
i  160,  164-73,  ii  158,  160,  163,  170  n, 
175, 180  n,  182-207  ;  conquest  of,  i  173, 
175,  ii  193,  195-207,  209;  Kings  of, 
see  Kudolf,  Mathias.  Frederick  ;  Queen 
of,  see  Elizabeth. 

Bohemia,  Grand  Chancellor  of,  visits 
HW,  ii  190  n. 

Bohemian  Directors,  the,  i  166,  ii  180  n. 

Bois-le-Duc.     See  Hertogenbosch. 

Bokenham,  Capt.,  friend  of  Sir  E. 
Bacon,  ii  330  n  ;  his  sons,  ii  330. 

Bolani,  beheaded  in  Venice,  i  461  -2. 

Bolduc.     See  Bois-le-Duc. 

Boleyn,  Anne,  i  472  n. 

Bologna,  i  22  n,  39,  276,  392  n,  408, 
444,  456,  ii  103,  208  n,  379,  492. 

Bolton,  Edmund,  mentions  HW  in 
Hijpercrilica,   i   164  n. 

Bond,  Mr.,  ii  86. 

Bongars,  Jacques,  HW  visits  (1602), 
i  43.  314  ;  Casaubon  writes  to,  26  ; 
— i  428  n. 

Borbon.     See  Henry  IV. 

Bordeaux,  ii  210. 

Borghese,  family  of,  i  370  n. 

Borghese,  Scipio,  Card.,  complains 
of  HW,  i  95  ;  made  abbot  of  Vanga- 
dizza,  98,  446,  461  ;  resigns,  468  n  ; 
—333,  442,  ii  211,  272-3,  276. 

Borgognie.     See  Burgundy. 

Bossuet,  his  opinion  of  Sarpi,  i  88. 

Boston,  Lines.,  ii  318. 

Boswell,  James,  ii  205  n. 

Boswell,  Sir  William,  secretary  to 
John  Williams,  ii  236  ;  English 
resident  at  Hague,   349  ;— 300  n. 

Boterg,  Jesuit,  ii  497. 

Both  well,  Francis,  5th  E.  of,  i  315. 

Boughton.     See  Bocton. 

Boughton,  Edward,  i  375. 

Boughton  Monchelsea,  ii  390  n. 

Bouillon,  Due  de,  i  336,  ii  202. 

Bouleaux,  the,  ii  131  n. 


512 


INDEX 


Boulogne,  HW  at  (1604  ,  i  45,  320  ; 
(1612),  120,   ii  4. 

Boyle,  Hon.  Francis.     See  Shannon. 

Boyle,  Lewis,  1st  Visct.,  HW  recom- 
mends tutor  for  foreign  travel, 
ii  355-7  ;  in  France,  359-60. 

Boyle,  Hon.  Robert,  at  Eton  under 
HW,  i  203-4,  ii  355,  357-61;  his 
description  of  HW,  i  204,  211. 

Bozzolo,  D.  of,  ii  104  n. 

Bozzolo,  Princess  of,  Cardinal  Gonzaga 
marries,  ii  103. 

Brabant,  i  417,  ii  72  n,  93,  384  n. 

Bracciano,  Paolo  Orsini,  D.  of, 
i  285  n. 

Brach,  Tycho.     See  Brahe. 

Brackley,  ii  480. 

Brackley,  Sir  Thomas  Egerton,  1st 
Visct.,  Lord  Chancellor,  i  428  n,  ii  86. 

Bragadin,  '  old  '  family  of  Venice, 
i  434  n. 

Brahe,  Tycho,  ii  396  ;  his  Astronomiae 
Instauratae  Mechanica,  presented  by 
HW  to  Bodleian,  i  210,  ii  347. 

Brand,  Susan,  ii  468. 

Brandenburg,  Anna  Sophia,  Princess 
of,  proposed  marriage,  ii  57. 

Brandenburg,  Count  Ernest  of,  re- 
presents his  father  in  Juliers-Cleves 
territory,  i  135,  138-9,  ii  48,  50  n, 
54-9,  77 ;  meets  HW,  51 ;  signs 
treaty,  61-2. 

Brandenburg,  George  William,  Elector 
of,  ii  176. 

Brandenburg,  John  Sigismund,  Elector 
of,  proposed  sending  of  envoy  to 
Venice,  i  455  ;  claims  Juliers-Cleves, 
135,  455,  ii  57,  68  ;  his  forces  take 
possession  of  Juliers,  i  135; — ii  51  n, 
463. 

Brandolin,  Count,  abbot  of  Nervosa, 
imprisoned,  i  78,  341  ;  released,  84, 
389-90. 

Branthwaite,  Michael,  with  HW  (1620- 
3),  i  170  n,  ii  189-90,  192-4,  200,  219, 
231 ;  left  by  HW  in  Venice,  i  192, 
ii  279,  292,  382;  at  Eton  (1626), 
290-2  ;  tutor  to  James  Scudamore  at 
Paris,  364-5,  382  ;  HW  gives  Milton 
letter  to,  382  ;  biographical  note,  ii 
464-5  ;  letter  of,  146  n,  260  n. 

Brasil.     See  Brazil. 

Brazil,  Dutch  victory  in,  ii  345. 

Breda,  ii  246  n,  248,  341. 

Breisach,  ii  183 ;  siege  of,  395,  400. 

Bremen,  i  229  n,  230,  ii  400. 

Brenner  Pass,  HW  crosses,  i  176. 

Brent,  Sir  Nathaniel,  ii  479. 

Brenta,  the,  i  57,  185,  325  n,  ii  102  n. 

Brentford,  ii  407. 

Brescia,  i  436  n,  450,  ii  112,  131,  478. 

Breslau,  ii  201,  203  n. 

Briare,  HW  at,  i  502. 

Bridgewater,  John,  1st  E.  of,  ii  465. 


Brill,  ii  146  n. 

Brindisi,  ii  159. 

Brisach,  Brissac.     See  Breisach. 

Bristol,  Sir  John  Digby,  1st  E.  of  {Lord 
Digby)  recommends  J.  Wake,  i  501  n  ; 
ambassador  in  Spain,  134,  ii  226  n, 
245,  480 ;  in  Vienna,  i  175,  ii  215  ; 
his  disgrace,  319  n  ;  restored  to 
favour,  319. 

Britannicus,  Johannes,  his  De  Re 
Metallica,  ii  379. 

Brittany,  ii  473. 

Brochetta,  Tomaso,  kills  Julius  Caesar, 
i  410-2,  ii  478 ;  plan  to  entrap,  i  450. 

Broge,  Col.,  i  136  n. 

Broghill,  Lord.     See  Orrery. 

Brooke,  Fulke  Greville,  1st  Baron,  i  3, 
ii  315  n. 

Brown,  Mr.  Horatio  F.,  i  xi,  53. 

Brown,  Rawdon,  i  xm. 

Browne,  —  , Catholic  in  Italy,  i  331. 

Browne,  Edward,  ii  479. 

Browne,  Sir  Thomas,  i  v,  ii  396  n. 

Brownswig.     See  Brunswick. 

Bruce,  Lord,  i  41  n,  ii  86. 

Bruce,  Sir  George,  i  41  n. 

Bruce,  Mrs.  Hervey,  i  xv,  ii  466. 

Bruno,  Giordano,  at  Frankfort,  i  12  ; 
at  Padua,  i  12 ;  at  Venice,  87  ;  trial 
of,  i  469  n. 

Brunswick,  HW  travels  through, 
i  10,  232-3,  242  ;  war  between  city 
and  Duke,  ii  48  n  ;  HW's  proposed 
mission  to,  48,  58 ;  Heinrich,  D.  of,  i 
306  ;  Friedrich  Ulrich,  D.  of,  ii  48,  58  ; 
Duchess  of,  ii  51  n  ;  Prince  Chris- 
tian of,  i  181,  ii  248,  275. 

Bruslart,  de  Leon,  French  ambassador 
in  Venice,  ii  157-8,  232 ;  his  quarrel 
with  Carleton,  i  64,  ii  217. 

Brussels,  proposal  to  send  HW  to,  i 
117,  118  n  ;  Italian  troops  sent 
to,  326  n  ;  news  from,  sent  to 
Venice,  435 ;  HW  sends  Biondi  to, 
ii  43  n,  80  ;  ambassadors  at,  see 
Ambassadors;— i  135-6,  168-9,  245  n, 
283  n,  329,  454  n,  ii  28,  45,  56,  65,  78  n, 
83,  87,  92,  213,  244,  248,  293  n,  345, 
377,  389  n,  391,  399,  456,  464,  494  n. 

Brussolo,  treaty  of,  i  487  n. 

Brydall,  John,  MS.  of,  at  Queen's  Col- 
lege, i  63. 

Buck,  Sir  Peter,  ii  22. 

Buckhurst,  Lord.     See  Dorset. 

Buckingham,  George  Villiers,  D.  of, 
acts  as  secretary,  ii  122  n  ;  patron  of 
HW,  i  165,  167;  HW  collects  pic- 
tures for,  60,  ii  243,  257-8;  sends 
presents  to,  211-2  ;  James  I's  Medi- 
tations dedicated  to,  169 ;  his  letter 
to  Gondomar,  203;  HW  requests 
leave  to  return  home,  258  n,  267-8; 
goes  to  Madrid,  i  181,  199,  ii  267  n, 
290-2  ;  becomes  Duke,  282  n  ;   HW's 


INDEX 


513 


bargain  with,  for  Provostship  of 
i  199  200,  ii  294,  816;  in  Paris, 
286  ii.  176  :  accused  of  poisoning,  i209, 
ii  290  *!,  295-6;  impeachment  of, 
898  5;  Charles  I's  friendship  for, 
896  ;  his  zeal  for  Queen  of  Bohemia, 
_".»7  :  goes  to  island  of  Rhe,  303; 
petition  to,  from  Eton  College,  i  209  ; 
s  to  HW,  ii  243  n,  266;  HW's 
letters  t..,  i  L65,  170  n,  ii  130.  132,  180, 
210  n.  211.  I'll'  J,  250  s.  i?sl>  i.  -jsr, 
7.  290  •;.  112,  440,  443-4,  164;  HW's 
Parallel  with  Essex,  i  206,  ii  413,  487  ; 
nd  Death  of,  i  206,  ii  297  n,  414  ; 
-  i  lHo,  ii  128  n,  180  n,  307  n,  335, 
115,  183. 

Buckinghamshire,  Archdeacon  of,  and 
It ii  305  n. 

Bucknames.     See  Bokenham. 

Bucquoi,  Count,  iil80n,  199;  death, 
208  n,  215. 

Buda-Pesth,  i  24i>,  ii  li>7. 

Buonacorsi,  of  Florence,  i  296. 

■noni,  Baccio,  HW's  host  in  Florence, 
i  21.  277-8,  299. 
IBurano,  i  412. 

Burbage,  Richard,  ii  17  n. 

Burgh,  Sir  John,  i  295  n. 

Burghese.     s  •  Borghes<  . 

Burghley,  William  Cecil.  1st  Baron. 
title  of  Lord  Treasurer  used  in  cipher 
jtorHW,  i  284  ;his  supposed  letter  in- 
trodueing  Lord  Darcy  to  the  Grand 
Duke,  284.  289-96  :  books  in  Italy 
■gainst,  293-4  ;  letters  to,  262  n, 
2M  a,  ii  467,  482  ;— i  2,  29,  58,  263  n, 
184,  396n,ii  335,  487,  498. 

Burlamachi,  Philip,  letters  sent  by 
lin  a  us  of,  i  454  ;  HW's  debt  to,  ii  7- 
8  ;  writes  to  Lord  Cork,  356  n  ;  note 
on  465  ;— 130,  193,  316. 

Uorley-on-the-Hill,  MS.  at,  ixiv,  61  n  ; 
ii  469,  489. 

■Brlymachie.     See  Burlamachi. 

3urnet,  Gilbert,   repeats   story   about 
HW,  i  103  n  ;— 356  n,  378  n.  444  n. 
13urvSt.  Edmunds,  HW  visits,  i  201, 
212,  ii  285,  409  ;— i  505  n,  ii  13,  146  n, 
162,  167-8. 

3ushy,  Charles,  accompanies  Richard 
Cave  to  Italy,   i  398  n  ;  letters  sent 
to  England  bv,  398,  400,  404  ;    arrest 
of,  in  Milan,  399  n,  403-4,  ii  478. 
■sat  .  the.     See  Hertogenbosch. 
tussie.     See  Bushy. 

mvickhausen    do    Walmerode,    Ben- 
jamin, ii  58,  63,  188  ;  envoy  of  Pro- 
testant Union  to  James  I,  i  174  n. 
iyron,   Lord,    his  palace  in  Venice,  i 
184. 


t   C,   Sir,  his  poems,   ii  401  ;  HW's 
Biters  to,  385-6.  468. 
addr.  Grison  League,  i  179. 


WOTTOJf.  11 


I 
Ll 


Cadi/,  the  expedition  to,  i  8,  80  2,28  t  d, 
801-2,  320  ii,  ii469,  481,  198, 

.  Sir  I  liarles,  carries  Mien  to 
England,  ii  KM,  105;  Master  of  tho 
Rolls,  i  LOT  a. 

OaeMUT,  .Julius,  fragment  by  II W  i  n. 
i  806,  ii  875b,  414. 

( ';ics;ir,  Sir  Julius,  Master  of  the  Bolls, 
i  167,200,  ii  86,  243  n,  287,316  ...  :537  ... 
470  ;  Chancellor  of  the  Exi -In  qoor,  ii 
7;  bill  signed  by,  i  470  D  :  HWi 
letters  to,  i  450,  ii  7,  »2«.».  188  ;-i  09, 
106,  410-2,  ii  101,  289. 

Caesar,     Julius,    jun.,    murder' 
Padua,  i  69,  410-2,  436  n,   450-1,  ii 
478. 

Caflfarella.     See  Borghese. 

Cajetan,  Henrico,  Card.,  i  271. 

Caj<5tan,  Peter,  i  286. 

Calabria,  ii  97. 

Calais,  i  1,  368  n,  489  u  ;  HWat  1616  , 
ii  84. 

Calandrini,  the,  merchants  of  Nurem- 
berg, ii  193. 

Calandrini,  Filippo,  sent  to  Venice  by 
Frederick  V,  ii  238  n. 

Calbi,  the,  ii  128. 

Caligula,  ii  155,  341  n,  467. 

Calvert,  Sir  George.     See  Baltimore. 

Calvin,  John,  ii  122  n  ;  his  Institutes 
distributed  by  HW  in  Venice,  i  90. 

Calvinists.     See  Religion. 

Camaldola,  order  of,  i  446  n,  461. 

Cambrai,  ii  473  ;  League  of,  i  50,  371  n, 
ii  498. 

Cambridge,  HW  visits,  i  131,  212,  ii 
15-6,  18,  29,  32;  i  7,  57,  298  n, 
378  n,  397  n,  ii  122  n,  169,  170  n, 
315  n,  318,  330-1,  393-4,  398,  468, 
474-0  ;— Clare  Hall,  ii  479  ;— King's 
College,  i  457,  ii  181,  370-1,  394  n, 
409  ;  elections  to,  from  Eton,  i  204, 
216  n,  ii  327,  329,  350,  380,  389, 
397  ;  Provost  of,  see  Collins  ;— St. 
Mary's,  ii  394;— St.  Peter's  College, 
book  of  HW's  in  library  of,  i  217  n  ; — 
Sidney  Sussex  College,  ii  314  n  ; — 
Trinity  College,  ii  482. 

Camden, William,  ii  37  n  ;  his  Britannia, 
ill,233n;  letter  to  HW,  118n;  letters 
to,  11,  233. 

Campanella,  Thomas,  i  312;  his  Magia 
Xaturale,  ii  486. 

Campden,  Sir  Baptist  Hickes,  1st  Visct., 
ii  468. 

Campden,  Baptist  Noel,  3rd  Visct.,  ii 
327  n,  410  n. 

Campden,  Viscountess  (Hester  Wotton^, 
ii  326,  342-3,  392  n,  409-10. 

Campo,  Don  Diego  del,  i  27.">. 

Campori,  Pietro,  Card.,  ii  211,  276. 

Canano,  Julio,  Card..  I 

Candia,  ii  258  n  ;  War  of,  212  n. 

Candishe.     See  Cavendish. 


514 


INDEX 


Canea,  i  74. 

Canterbury,  HW  visits,  i  116,  209,  212, 

221,  ii  162,  320-1,  327,  388-91,  393, 

397  ;  asks  for  Deanery  of,  i  205,  208  ; 

defeated  for   Parliament  at,  208  n  ; 

— i  239  n,  ii  29,  300  n,   344,  361  n, 

462,  478  ; —St.  Augustine's  Priory,  i 
116,  ii  389-90;— See  of,  refused  by 
Nicholas  Wotton,  i  2  ;    Archbishops 

of,  see  Bancroft,  Abbot,  Juxon  ;  Deans 
of,  see  Nicholas  Wotton,  Bargrave. 

Caorli,  fisherman  of,  i  412. 

Capella,  Bianca,  ii  497. 

Caporali,  Cesare,  his  Rime,  ii  485. 

Capponi,  merchants  in  Venice,  i  451, 
ii  115. 

Capponi  — ,  his  resemblance  to  HW, 
i282. 

Caprarola.  villa  of,  i  296;  HW  sends 
pl&ns  of  to  Buckingham,  ii  286. 

Capua,  i  335. 

Capuchins,  return  of,  to  Venice,  i  385. 

Caraffa,  family  of,  i  22. 

Caraffa,  — ,  Jesuit,  dedicates  book  to 
Paul  V,  i  444  n. 

Cardenas,  Don  Inigo  de,  Spanish 
ambassador  in  Venice,  i  336,  371, 
391  ;  HWs  relations  with,  61  ;  says 
HW  has  applied  for  Spanish  pension, 
63. 

Cardinalship,  price  of,  i  282. 

Carew,  Sir  George,  English  ambassa- 
dor in  France  (1605-9),  i  366  n,  372, 
394,  402,  ii  490  ;  death  of,  8. 

Carew,  Mary,  ii  469. 

Carew,  Richard,  ii  359,  361. 

Carew,  Robert,  tutor  to  young  Boyles 
at  Eton,  ii  355  n,  358  ;  his  miscon- 
duct, 360-1  ;  Robert  Boyle's  descrip- 
tion of,  361  n  ;  letter  of,  quoted,  351)  n, 
360  n. 

Carey,  Sir  George,  Treasurer  at  Wars 
in  Ireland,  i  307  n. 

Carey,  Sir  Henry,  ii  129  n. 

Carey,  Thomas,  ii  286-7. 

Carie.     See  Carew. 

Carie,  Lord.     See  Totnes. 

Carier,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  ii  41. 

Carignan.  Prince  of,  defeated  at  Avein. 
ii  352  n. 

Carinthia,  i  368. 

Carleton,  Sir  Dudley.    See  Dorchester. 

Carleton,  Dudley,  jun.,  letters  of,  i 
200  n,  201  n. 

Carleton,  Jane,  ii  124  n. 

Carlisle,  James  Hay,  1st  E.  of 
{Viscount  Doncaster),  ambassador  to 
Germany,  i  164,  166,  ii  165  n,  166, 
183 ;  letter  to,  ii  241  n,  476  ;— i  120, 
ii  17,  341. 

Carlyle,  Thomas,  mentions  HW,  i  vi. 

Caron,  Sir  Noel  de,  Dutch  ambassa- 
dor in  London,  i  143,  455. 

Carr.     See  Ker. 


Carrier.     See  Carier. 
Carthage,  i  93. 

Cartignana,  Claudio  di  Ruffia,  Count 
of,  envoy  from  Savoy  to  England,  i 
119,  ii  1  n,  477. 
Casa,  Giovanni  della.  his  Orazione,  ii 

485. 
Casale,  ii  345  ;  siege  of,  318  n. 
Casaubon,  Isaac,  i  61 ;  HW  meets, 
11-2,  302-3  ;  HWs  host  at  Geneva, 
in,  12,  23,  25,  298,  ii  480  ;  gives  HW 
letters  of  introduction,  i  25  ;  HWs 
debt  to,  25-6 ;  goes  to  Montpellier, 
303  ;  to  England,  128  ;  complains  of 
HW,  128-9 ;  edits  Polybius,  15,  255  n ; 
Apuleius,  25-6;  mentioned  in  Table 
Talk,  ii  490,  497  ;  letters  of,  i  23,  25. 
26  n,  36  n,  128,  298  n,  301  n,  3J3  n, 
314  n,  ii  9  n  ;  HWs  letters  to,  i  xiv, 
32-3,  36,  302-4,  311-4,  ii  419. 

Casaubon,  Madame,  i  312. 

Casimir,  John,  Administrator  of 
Palatinate,  i  231,  233,  235  n,  314  n  ; 
HW  asks  for  letters  to,  i  231-2,  234. 

Castagna.     See  Urban  VII. 

Castelione.     See  Castillione. 

Castelvetro,  Lodovico,  his  works,  ii 
485. 

Castiglione,  Marchese  di,  Imperial 
envoy  in  Venice,  i  381. 

Castile,  Juan  Fernandez  de  VelasoJ 
Constable  of,  ratifies  peace  of,  1604,  i 
320  ;  Governor  of  Milan,  ii  26  ;  rude- 
ness to  HW,  i  503-5. 

Castillione,  Guanerio,  of  Milan,  i  300  n. 

Castillione,  J.  F.,  of  Basle,  i  300  n. 

Castle,  George,  ii  465. 

Castle,  Dr.  John,  note  on,  ii  465 ; 
HWs  letters  to,  i  220,  ii  377-80, 
383-4,  387,  402,  408,  452-4. 

Castracani,  Castruccio,  Lord  of  Lucca, 
i  35,  401. 

Castro,  Don  Francesco  di,  special 
Spanish  envoy  to  Venice,  i  369  ;  his 
arrival,  369  ;  discourse  about,  370-1  ; 
HWs  attempt  to  cause  disti'ust  of, 
370  n ;  HW  visits,  371  n  ;  HWs 
attitude  towards,  374  ;  his  negotia- 
tions, 374  n,  376,  385  ;  ambassador 
at  Rome,  487-8. 
I  Catena,  Giovanni  Girolomo,  his  life  ot 
Pius  V,  ii  485. 

Catherine  de*  Medici,  ii  299  n. 

Catholic  League,  the,  i  135, 140-1 ;  and 
Clement  VIII,  281. 

Catholic  Reaction,  tbe,  i  x,  16,  1^,  2U. 
75. 

Cato,  M.  Porcius  Censorius,  ii  331  u, 
370n. 

Cato,  M.  Porcius  Uticensis,  ii  127. 

Cave,  Eleanor,  Lady,  i  390  n. 

Cave,  Margaret,  Lady,  i  396. 
Cave,  Richard,  illness  and  death  of,  i 
396-8. 


INDEX 


515 


.  >>ir  Richard,  ii  401. 

Cave,  Roger,  i  396  n. 

Cave,  Sir  Thomas,  i  896  n,  ii  249  n. 

Cavendish,  Sir  Charles,  ii  2. 

(av.  n.lish,  Henry,  HW  meets  at 
Stade,  i  280;  his  journey  to  Constan- 
tinople, -30  n. 

Cavendish,  sir  Win.     See  Newcastle. 

Cebes,  quoted,  ii  .'571. 
\£SS.}  i  29,  301. 

Peril,  sir  Edward.     Se<  Wimbledon. 

■Mil,  sir  Robert.     See  Salisbury. 

(.Veil.  William.     See  Burgbley. 
11,  Lord.     See  Salisbury. 

Denci,  the.  i  22. 

Ceneda,  i  449. 

Cen is,  Mont,  ii  3. 

Centanni,  Angela,  i  4i?7  n. 
,  ii  402  n. 

■erroneo,  Tomaso,  Jesuit  Praepositus 
sent  to  England  by  HW,  i  161,  ii 
114-9,  480;  his  journey,  120;  in 
England,  122  ;  his  tale,  128  n  ;  sent 
out  of  England,  123  n  ;  in  Venice, 
128  n;  HW's  letters  to,  116  n, 
138-9; 

Chamberlain,  John,  in  Venice,  i  498  n  ; 
his  opinion  of  HW,  123  n,  131-2,  189  ; 
letters  quoted,  48  n,  118  n,  123  n, 
124  (»,  130  n,  131-2,  134  n,  166,169- 
70,  194,  199.  201  n,  208,  292  n,  459  n, 
ii  1  n,  2  n,  3  n,  6  n,  9  n,  24  n,  27  n, 
28  n,  32  n,  62  n,  119  n,  123  n,  284  n, 
286  n,  473,  475,  487 ;  letters  to,  i 
126  n,  ii  118  n. 

Chambers,  — ,  ii  468. 

Chambery,  ii  95;  HW  at,  i  121,  ii  5. 

Champagne,  i  245,  ii  4,  497  n. 

Champigny,  Jean  Boehart  de,  French 
ambassador  in  Venice  (1607),  protests 
against  Protestant  propaganda,  i  98- 
100,  481-2;  HW  consults,  495;— 
109  n,  426n,476,  487,  493. 

phandos,  Grey  Bridges,  5th  Baron,  ii 
17. 

Chapman,  George,  i  47  n,  48. 

Charing,  Kent,  i  1,  241  n. 

Charles  V,  Emperor,  i  202,  ii  221  n, 
105. 

Charles  I,  K.  of  England,  childhood, 
ii  300  ;  wishes  to  light  for  Venice,  i 
81  n  ;  proposed  marriage  with  Savoy 
princess,  116,  131-2,  ii  26,  477  ;  with 
Spanish  princess,  i  180-1,  183,  ii  186, 
222.  226  n,  237  n,  245,  247,  251-2, 
267,  274,  481  ;  HW's  secret  informa- 
tion about,  i  181,  ii  225-6,  230  ;  goes 
to  Madrid,  i  181,  ii  267  n,  269,  292 ; 
helps  HW  to  obtain  Provostship  of 
Eton,  i  200,  ii  316,  397 ;  HW  sends 
EL  meats  of  Architecture  to,  i  199,  ii284 ; 
Survey  of  Education,  i  210,  ii  331-3; 
reign  of,  i  195  ;  marriage,  ii  286  n  ; 
commissions  HW  to  examine  Anne 


Lyon,  291,  205;  II W  write.,  of,  t<> 
Q.  of  Bohemia,  296  ;  writes  to,  about 
taking  Olden,  300-1,  304-5;  about 
his  debts,  315-6;  a^ks  HW's  opinion 
of  pictures,  i  210  ;  HW  begs  pi 
nient  of,  205,  221,  ii  317,  397;  in- 
creases HW's  pension,  i  205,  209,  ii 
816,  351;  goes  to  Scotland,  343; 
HW's  poem  on  his  return,  i  210,  ii 
415-6;  Plausiis  <t  Vota,  i  206,  210,  ii 
348-9,  413,  457  ;  letters  about  Eton 
elections,  326-7,  329,  334;  and 
Court  quarrels,  338-43  ;  and  Q.  of 
Bohemia,  348  ;  and  HW's  arrest,  351 ; 
and  Juxon,  363-4  ;  and  Covenanters, 
3S3  n,  385  n,  410  ;  HW's  bequest  to, 
i  216;  execution  of,  224;  HWi 
letters  to,  19,  76,  202,  208,  221, 
ii  284,  298-302,  304-5,  315,  331-3, 
397-8,  450-1,  453  ;— i  120,  189  n,  214, 
501  n,  ii  42,  229,  286,  303,  310,  312  n, 
317-9,  335-6,  345  n,  352  n,  354-5, 
366-7,  386  n,  390  n,  395,  397  n,  405, 
407  n,  462,  470,  480-1. 
j  Charles  II,  K.  of  England,  i  42  ;  HW's 
poem  on  birth  of,  210 ;  created 
Prince  of  Wales,  ii  378  n,  387  n  ; 
bequest  to,  i  217,  ii  297  n ;  -i  42,  ii 
384  n. 

Charles  IX,  K.  of  France,  i  249  n,  ii 
456. 

Charles,  Archduke,  i  278  n. 

Charles,  Duke  of  Styria,  i  244,  263  n. 

Charles  Emmanuel  I,  D.  of  Savoy,  in 
Venice  (1607),  i  381  ;  Premonition  sent 
to,  101,  467  ;  warlike  preparations, 
467-8  ;  joins  in  '  Great  Design ',  98, 
107,  113,  482-4,  487,  490;  position 
after  death  of  Henry  IV,  113,  492-3  ; 
negotiates  for  English  marriage,  63, 
113-6,  119-25;  receives  HW  (1611\ 
114-5;  HW's  mission  to  (1612, 
120-3,  ii  1-7,  80  ;  gives  HW  pension, 
i63, 131-2  ;  renews  marriage  negotia- 
tions, 131-2  ;  goes  to  war  about 
Montferrat,  140,  144,  ii  25,  28,  32, 
79  n,  94  n,  476  ;  sends  Parkhurst  to 
Geneva,  i  131  n,  ii  477  ;  Dutch  send 
aid  to,  i  140,  ii  79  n ;  James  I  aids, 
i  144,  151  ;  Venice  sends  money,  ii 
109,  173  n;  HW's  mission  to  (1616), 
i  145-7,  ii  94-6;  proposed  league 
with  Union,  88  ;  position  of  ( 1616 ), 
i  144,  148  ;  war  with  Spain  renewed, 
151-2,  ii  102-3,  107,  109,  113,  173  n, 
229;  ended,  121  n;  HW  reported  to 
be  inimical  to,  i  159  n  ;  proposed 
league  with  France,  ii  153 ;  Venice 
refuses  to  join  in  attack  on  Austria, 
i  160 ;  intrigues  for  partition  of 
Empire,  175  n ;  forms  league  with 
Venice,  146,  ii  171  ;  engagement 
with  France,  227  ;  league,  i  ISO,  ii 
211  n,  265-6;  portrait  of,  at  White- 

12 


516 


INDEX 


hall,  i  124  n  ;— i  ix,  23,  193,  320  n, 
490,  ii  111  n,  145  n,  464,  475. 

Charles  Louis,  titular  Elector  Palatine, 
in  England,  ii  363;  defeat  of,  399, 
400  ;  loses  Meppen,  401  ;— 345,  395, 
404  n,  410. 

Charlotte,  Princess,  daughter  of  Queen 
of  Bohemia,  ii  313  n. 

Charlton,  ii  16  n. 

Chateauneuf,  Marquis  de,  imprison- 
ment of,  ii  340. 

Chatillon,  Marechal  de,  ii  51  ;  defeats 
Prince  de  Carignan,  352. 

Cheri,  ii  498. 

Chertsey,  ii  470. 

Chesterfield,  Catherine  Wotton, 
Countess  of.     See  Kerckoven. 

Chesterfield,  Philip  Stanhope,  1st  E. 
of,  ii  312  n,  322. 

Chesterfield,  Philip,  2nd  E.  of,  ii  312  n, 
412. 

Chevreuse.  Duchesse  de,  comes  to 
England,  ii  391. 

Chiavenna,  i  49,  ii  271 ;  HW  at,  i  300. 

Chichester,  ii  405  n. 

Chichester,  Arthur,  1st  Baron,  ii  281. 

Chichester,  Bp.  of.     See  Montague. 

Chigi,  Fabio.     See  Alexander  VII. 

Chilham,  Kent,  ii  474. 

China,  ii  394. 

Chioggia,  HW  visits  gardens  at,  i  59, 
ii  220 ;— i  376,  ii  270. 

Chitock,  Mr.,  ii  346. 

Christian  III,  K.  of  Denmark,  ii  157  n. 

Christian  IV,  K.  of  Denmark,  arrives 
in  England,  i  360  ;  at  Greenwich  with 
James  I,  81,  362;  proposed  league 
with  Venice,  360,  361  n ;  proposed 
ambassador  from,  in  Venice,  424 ;  in 
England,  ii  44 ;— i  169,  ii  44,  48,  400. 

Christina,  Princess,  daughter  of 
Henry  IV,  negotiations  for  her 
marriage  with  Prince  Henry,  i  125; 
with  Charles  I,  ii  58  n  ;  marries  D.  of 
Savoy,  i  426,  ii  399  n. 

Christina,  Grand  Duchess  of  Tuscany, 
i287. 

Chrysostom,  edition  of,  published  by 
Sir  Henry  Savile,  i  428  n. 

Chur,  capture  of,  i  180,  ii  245  n  ; 
Bishop  put  to  flight,  i  395. 

Churchey,  George,  ii  306  n. 

Chute,  Sir  Walter,  ii  37,  41. 

Cicala,  Turkish  general,  defeated  by 
Persians  (1605;,  i  342. 

Cicero,  M.  Tullius  (Tullie),  quoted, 
i  227-8,  236,  239,  313,  ii  11,  38,  331, 
348,  371,  384  n. 

Cicilio,  il,  Salisbury  so  called,  i  416. 

Cigala.      See  Cicala, 

Cinque  Ports,  the,  ii  40-1,  282  n,  483. 

Ciotti,  Giambattista,  Venetian  book- 
seller, i  469. 

Cirencester,  ii  471. 


Civita  Nova,  ii  97. 

Civita  Vecchia,  i  442  n 

Clarendon,   Edward  Hyde,  1st  E.   of, 

ii  340  n. 
Clark,  William,  execution  of,  i  882  n. 

333  n. 
Claudian,  quoted,  ii  14. 
Cleaver,  John,  Vicar  of  Windsor  and 

Fellow  of  Eton,  ii  366,  375. 
Clement  VIII,  Pope,  character  of,  i  77, 

274-5,  281 ;  Borne  during  pontificate 

of,  332-4  ;  edicts  of,  275-6,  296  ;  Sir  A. 

Sherley  visits,  37-8 ;  gives  audience 

to  Sir  James  Lindsay,  321 ;  protests 

against  HWs  religious  services,  77; 

death  of,  78,  325  n,  326,  328  n;— 39, 

286,  290,  320  n,  329  n,  335. 
Clesel.     See  Klesel. 
Cleveland,  Thomas  Wentworth,  1st  E. 

of    (Lord    Wentworth),    his    tutor    im- 
prisoned at  Bologna,  i  456-7. 
Cleves,  Duchy  of,  i  137,  455.  ii  56-1 

62,  72.  84  n. 
Cleves,  John  William,  D.  of,  i  137.  27J  ; 

deatli  of,  98,  135,  467  n. 
Clewer,  living  of,  ii  304  n. 
Clifford,  Lord.     See  Cumberland 
Clifford,    Sir    Conyers,    defeat    of,    in 

Ireland,  i  308  n. 
Clifford,  Frances,  marries  Sir  Gervase 

Clifton,  ii  328  n,  465. 
Clifton, Notts.,  ii 465;  MS.  at.  i  xv.  ii46<». 
Clifton,    Sir    Gervase,    ii   321  ;    visits 

Eton,  313,  352 ;  HWs  letters  to,  i  208, 

ii  307,   327,   333,  352-4,   150-2,   -161  | 

papers  of,  in  British  Museum,  352  n; 

his   son   at   Eton,  307  ;   sent   abroad 

with  T.  Hobbes,  307  n ;  biographical 

note,  465-6. 
Clifton,  Gervase,  jun.,  ii  328  n. 
Clogy,  Alexander,  son-in-law  of  Bedell, 

i  59  n,  103  n,  ii  352  n. 
Clotwortrry,  John,  mutineer,  hanging 

of,  ii  153  n. 
Clusius.     See  Lecluse. 
Cobham,    Sir   Henry,   ambassador    in 

France,  ii  456-7. 
Coblentz,  ii  31,  281. 
Cockaine,  owner  of  the  Merchant  ifayofl 

i  338  n. 
Coenders,  ii  75. 

Coeuvres.     See  Estrees.  due  d\ 
Cogan,    Henry,   in    service    of    HW, 

i  48  n,  420,  489  ;  note  on,  ii  466. 
Coire.     See  Chur. 
Coitmar,  Roland,  captain  of  the  Luiky 

Elizabeth,  HW  sends  letters  by,  i  321, 

323. 

Coke,  Sir  Edward,  ii  29-30,  34. 
Coke,    Sir   John,   Secretarv,  i   217    n, 

ii  303,  351  n ;  HWs  letter  to,  450. 
Colchester,  ii  480. 
Colen,  Collen.     See  Cologne. 
Colli.     See  Collibus. 


INDEX 


517 


Eollibus,  Hippolitua  a,  acquaintance  of 

IIW  a<  Heidelberg,  i  300. 
Collins,    Samuel,    Provost    of   King's 


College,    Cambridge, 


475  ;    visits 


Eton,  i  204,  ii  166;  signs  letter  to 
Land  with  HW,  367-8  ;  H\V  sends 
portrait  of  Sarpi,  371,  479;  depriva- 
tion of,  i  224;  note  on,  ii  466-7; 
tetter  to  HW,  394;  HW's  letters  to, 
i  Jos,  ii  181,  318  n,  370,  380,  394, 
112,  148,  152-3. 

Cologne,      IIW     pretends    to     be    a 
native  of,  i  271  ;  IIW  at,  (1612)  123; 
1616)    145,  ii  88,  91-4;   (1623)  i  192, 
n  280-2;— i  l'.'.l',  ii  31,  386,  400. 

Cologne,  Ferdinand  of  Bavaria,  Elector 
of,  i  286  n,  294,  296,  ii  31,  45  n,  55, 
221  n. 

Colon  ia.     See  Cologne. 

■olonitz,  John  George,  offers  his  ser- 
vices to  Venice,  i  368,  869  n. 

Colon na,  family  of,  i  272. 

Colon na,  Ascanio,  Card.,  i  431,  442. 

Colon  na,  Fabrizio,  i  296  n. 
'  Colon  na,  Giovanna,  i  296  n. 

Colonna,  Marc'  Antonio,  i  296. 

Comet  of  1618,  the,  ii  160-1. 

■omitolus,  Paulus,  attacks  HW,  ii  10. 

Commines,  Philippe  de.  his  definition 
of  an  ambassador,  i  110. 

Como,  lake  of,  i  179. 

Conaway.     See  Conway. 

Concini.  See  Ancre. 
iConde,  Henri  II,  Prince  of,  in 
rebellion,  ii  84;  imprisonment  of, 
107  ;  in  Italy,  273 ;  claims  title  of 
AUezza,  250  n;  visits  Sarpi,  250-1, 
p72  :  mentioned  in  Table  Talk.  492.  494. 

Conde,  Louis  II,  Prince  of,  ii  250  n. 

Condominium,  the,  in  the  Juliers- 
Cleves  territories,  i  135;  abolished, 
189. 

fonestaggio,  Girolamo  Franchi  de,  his 
unione,  &c,  ii  484. 

lonfluentia.  See  Coblent/. 
'  Constantinople,  H Ws  intention  to 
visit,  i  17,  230.  256,  258,  261  ;  HW 
superior  of  ambassador  at,  69  ;  English 
fcrade  with,  72-3  ;  English  ship  burnt 
at,  338  n  ;  news  from,  342,  445,  ii  197, 
239  ;  ambassadors  at,  see  Ambassa- 
dors;  patriarch  of,  ii  98 ;—  i  9,  150, 
M0,  279  n,  295,  414  n,  437,  454  n, 
ii  15. 

Jontarini,  '  old  '  family  of  Venice, 
i  484  n. 

'■lit arini,  Angelo.  ii  250. 
'ontarini,  Fi-ancesco,  Venetian  am- 
has?ador  in  Rome,  i  405,  407,  449,  451, 
ii  468  ;  Pope  complains  of  HW  to,  i  95r 
199  n  ;  special  ambassador  to  England, 
1105  7.  171.  189,  Li  278  9;  Doge  XCV, 
i  192,  ii  277-80;  mentioned  in  Table 
Talk,  192-3,  496. 


irint,  Ni'-olo,  ii  142. 

(  ontarini,  1'i.tro.  Y.-n.-tian  ftmbttM* 
dot  in  I'l.in--.-.  ii  906  J  in  England, 
115.   in;  n,   168,  1 55,  io.:.  171. 

(  ontarini,  Sim. .no.  ii  -71. 

Contarini,  Tomaso,  Venetian  am 
dor  to  the  States,  i  498, 

Conway,     Sir     Edward,      1st     Vi n  . 
anil.assaWor    to     Prague,    i     16^     17.I, 
iil85n,  191,  194,  195  n,  1 99  n.  ■:!<•„. 
311  ;  Secretary  of  State,  I  199, 
letter  to,  407  n,  1 1& 

Cooke,  Anne,  ii  461, 

Cooke,  Sir  Philip,  ii  461. 

Cooke,  Lady,  ii  461. 

Cooke,  Lord.     See  Cok.-. 

Copley,  Anthony,  imprisonment  and 
pardon  of,  i  882;  333  n. 

Corbeil,  siege  of,  i  245,  254  n. 

Corbet,  Richard,  Bp.  of  Norwich, 
ii  304  n. 

Corbett,  Mr.  Julian,  i  151. 

Corby  Castle,  ii  2  n. 

Corby e,  John,  i  1. 

Cordova,  Don  Gonzalo  Fernandez  de, 
defeat  of,  ii  248. 

Corduba,  ii  498-9. 

Coreglia,  Giovanni  da,  assumed  name 
of  Diodati,  i  91. 

Corinth,  St.  Paul  at,  i  896. 

Cork,  Richard  Boyle,  1st  E.  of,  sends 
his  sons  to  Eton,  i  203,  ii  855-61  ; 
his  diary,  355  n,  356  n  ;  letters  to 
HW,  357-60,  361  n,  362  n  ;  HW's 
letters  to,  355-61,  452. 

Cork,  Richard  Boyle,  2nd  E.  of,  1st  E. 
of  Burlington  (Lord  Dimganan},  ii  357. 

Corner,  '  old  '  family  of  Venice,  i  434  n. 

Cornwallis,  Sir  Charles,  English  am- 
bassador in  Spain,  i  96,  102  ;  his  rela- 
tions with  the  Venetian  ambassador, 
i  425  ;  arrest  of,  ii  38-9,  41  ;  letter-  of, 
quoted,  i  380  n,  425  n,  ii  482,  490  ; 
HW's  letters  to,  i  425  n,  ii  421. 

Cornwallis,  Jane,  Lady,  ii  337  n. 

Corona  Regia,  HW  tries  to  discover 
author  of,  i  145,  ii  88,  92-3,  280-1. 

Correr,  Marc'  Antonio,  Venetian  am- 
bassador in  England  (1608-11),  i  455, 
462,  491-2  ;  appointment  of,  432  ; 
HW  describes,  433  ;  writes  of  HW, 
108  n,  459  n ;  his  account  of  Pie- 
monition,  100  ;  sees  James  I  about 
prohibition,  105,  478  ;  copies  of 
Pruritanus  found  in  house  of,  472-  3  ; 
leaves  England,  506. 

Correr,  Vincenzo,  HW  introduces  to 
Prince  Henry,  i  432-3. 

Corsini,  the.  forward  Casaubon's  letters 
to  HW,  i  312. 

Corsini,  Filippo,  Florentine  merchant 
in  England,  i  284  ;  letter  from,  I-Vnli- 
nand  I  to  Elizabeth  about.  284  n. 

Corsini,  Lorenzo,  i  284  n. 


518 


INDEX 


Cortsela,  i  155,  ii  153  n. 

Coryate,  Thomas,  in  Venice,  i  60 ;  in 

Padua,  ii  114  n  ;  his  Crudities  quoted, 

i  60,  119  n,  438,  ii  478. 
Cosens  Manor,  Kent,  ii  384  n. 
Cosenza,  ii  269. 
Cosmo   I,    Grand   Duke   of    Tuscany, 

i  316  n. 
Cosmo   II,   Grand   Duke  of  Tuscany, 

sends  letter  by  HW  to  Prince  Henry, 

i  40,  426 ;  desires  matrimonial  alliance 

with  James  I,    120 ;    his  marriage, 

426  n,    434  ;    reported    relations    of 

HW  with,  159  n  ;-373  n,  482,  486  n, 

ii  110,  257,  496  n. 
Costley,  the,  English  ship  captured  by 

Venetians,  i  74. 
Cottington,    Sir   Francis,    1st   Baron, 

ii  310,  351,  354  n. 
Cotton,  Pierre,   Henry  IV's  confessor, 

gives    Henry    IV   intercepted   letter 

of  Diodati,   i    480-1  ;    mentioned   in 

Table  Talk,  ii  492. 
Cotton,  Sir  Robert  Bruce,  HW's  letter 

to,  ii  297,  450 ;  his  library,  297  n. 
Covenant,  the,  in  Scotland,  ii   383  n, 

384,  407  n,  408. 
Coventry,   Thomas,    1st    Baron,   Lord 

Keeper,    ii    339  n  ;    HW's   letter  to, 

373-4,  376,  452. 
Cowley,  Abraham,  i  224  ;  his  Elegy  on 

HW,  ii  412. 
Cowper,  family  of,  ii  390  n. 
Cowper,  William,  i  224. 
Coyra.     See  Chur. 
Crafts,    Anne,    marries    Lord    Went- 

worth,  i  456  n. 
Crafts,  Henry,  i  456. 
Cranborne,  Visct.     See  Salisbury. 
Crane,   Sir   Robert,   ii  468. 
Cranfield.     See  Middlesex. 
Craven,  Wm,  1st  E.  of,  ii399n,  400. 
Creets.     See  Critz. 
Crema,  ii  213. 
Crestingus,   — ,   Professor   of  Law   at 

Heidelberg,  i  238. 
Crewe,  Sir  Clipsby,  ii  385  n. 
Critz,  John  de,  his  portrait  of  Salisbury, 

i  460. 
Croatia,  i  148. 
Crocio,  — ,  ii  31. 
Croker,  John  Wilson,  i  217  n. 
Cromer,  Sir  James,  ii  18. 
Crompton,     Sir     Thomas,    killed     in 

Lorraine,  i  372. 
Cromwell,  Oliver,  ii  470. 
'  Crowned  Elector.'     See  Frederick. 
Croydon,  ii  368. 
Cueva,      Don      Alfonzo      della.      See 

Bedmar. 
Cuffe,  Henry,  secretary  of  Essex,  i  34. 
Cuiacius.     See  Cujas. 
Cuias,    Jacques,    enemy   of    Hotman, 

i  9,  238. 


Culmore,  Ireland,  i  432  n. 
Culpepper,  Sir  Thomas,  ii  390  ;  lettol 

of,  i  210. 
Culross,  i  41  n. 
Cumberland,  Henry,  5th   E.  of  (Lord 

Clifford),  HW  invites  to  Eton,  ii  307  ; 

his  daughter  Elizabeth  marries  Lord 

Dungarvan,     357    n  ;— 17,      328     n, 

465. 
Curlews,  the,    defeat  of,  Sir  Con  vers 

Clifford  at,  i  308  n. 
Curtius,  quoted,  i  485. 
Curzola,  ii  112,  146  n. 
Cyprus,  i  50,  402. 

Dallington,     Robert,     his     Method     of 

Travel,  i  278  n. 
Dalmatia,  i  155,  446,  ii  100  n,  152,  463. 
Dampierre,  Count  of,  ii  193. 
Danahe.     See  Dohna. 
Dandolo,     'old'     familv     of    Venial 

i  434  n. 
Daniel,  ii  37. 
Dante,  Henry  IV's  attitude  compare! 

to  the  Inferno  of,  i  355  n  ;  his  Ope  re, 

ii  485. 
Danti,      Egnatio,      his     Prospettiva    di 

Euclide,  ii  486. 
Danube,  the,  i  251,  262  n,  ii  190.  197. 

205,  348. 
Danzig,  i  231. 
Darci,  Mile.,  ii  399. 
Darcy,  Lord.     See  Rivers. 
Darford.     See  Dartford. 
'  Darimplius,'     sent     to     Venice     by 

Savile,  complains  of  HW,  i  428  n. 
Dartford,  ii  322. 
Datchet,  i  220. 

Davers,  Sir  Charles,  in  Florence,  i  282. 
David,  King,  i  466,  ii  257,  296. 
Davies,  Sir  John,  ii  29  n. 
Davison,  Francis,  his  travels,   i  15  n. 

35  n,   227  n  ;  Poetical  Rhapsody,  33  n, 

ii  415. 
Davison,  Wm.,  i  35 n. 
Day,  William,  Provost  of  Eton,  ii  397  n 
Dayner,  — .  Viennese  merchant,  con- 
veys letters  for  HW,  i  250,  259,  261, 

265. 
Dee,  John,  i  253  n. 
Deering,     Edward,     HW's      steward. 

ii  225. 
Deering,  Elizabeth,  HW's  sister,  i  240 

241,  ii  391  n,  461. 
Deering,   John,  marries  HW's  sister, 

i  240  n,  ii  391  n,  462. 
Defensio  Ecclesiae  Anglkanae,  ii  252. 
Delfino,  Giovanni,  Card.,  i  344.  4S2. 
Delft,  i  247  n,  ii  368. 
Delphos,  ii  307. 
Demetrius,  i  198. 
Democritus,  picture  of,  i  217. 
Demosthenes,  ii  169,  170n,  310. 
Denbigh,    Basil    Feilding,  2nd    E.    o 


IXDKX 


519 


(Lord    Feilding),    marriage,    ii    300  n, 
840n  :  duel,  340-1. 

Denbigh,  Sir  Win,  Feilding,  1st  E. 
of,  ii  257  n,  300  n. 

Denbigh,  Countess  of,  HW  sends 
picture  to,   ii   2.~>7,    265. 

Denmark,  i  270,  ii  53  n,  482;  HW 
travels  through  (1601),  i  40,  41  n  ; 
Kings  of,  ii  89,  see  Christian. 

Bering.     See  Deer  in  g. 

Derry,  i  132  n. 

besmond,  Sir  Richard  Preston,  1st 
E.  of  (Lord  Dingicall),  ii  17  ;  wishes 
to  enter  Venetian  service,  i  153,  ii  97, 
119  n. 

Despenser,  Hugh  le,  ii  500. 

Despotini,  Gasparo,  accompanies  HW 
to   England,    i    114;    HW   writes   to    i 
Sir    E.    Bacon    about,    505  6  ;    HW   i 
tints,  201,  212,  ii  285,  409  ;  biographi-   j 
cal  note  on,  467-8. 

Pethiek/Humphrey,  English  factor  in 
Florence,  i  300 ;  goes  to  Scotland  to 
kill  James  VI,  40n,  43n;  note  on, 
ii  468-9. 

Deux  Ponts.     See  Zweibrueken. 

Pe venter,  i  327  n. 

Devonshire,  ii  18,  471. 

Devonshire,  Sir  Charles  Blunt,  1st 
E.  of  (Lord  Mountjoy),  i  259 ;  defeats 
Tyrone,  316  n  ;  mentioned  in  Table 
Talk,  ii  497. 

Dickenson.  John,  agent  at  Dusseldorf, 
with  HW,  ii  53-6,  64,  72  ;  goes  to 
England,  67. 

Dickenson, — ,  Clerk  of  Council,  ii  339. 

Dictionary  of  National  Biography,  the,  i  ix  ; 
life  of  HWin,  i  xm,  131  n. 

Dideguires.     See  Lesdiguieres. 

Diedo,  — ,  Venetian  senator,  i  364. 

Dieppe,  ii  359  ;  HW  at  (1595\  i  30  n. 

Dietrichstein,  Baron  von,  i  275. 

Digby,  Sir  John.     See  Bristol. 

Digges,  Sir  Dudley,  ii  317  n. 

Dijon,  i  480. 

Dingley,  Richard,  ii  470. 

Dingwall,  Lord.     See  Desmond. 

Diodati,  Charles,  i  480  n. 

Diodati.  Giovanni,  i  116,  ii  477  ;  asked 
by  HW  to  send  Protestant  preachers 
to  Venice,  i  86,  351  ;  his  opinion  of 
Sarpi,  88  ;  his  translation  of  the 
Bible  distributed  by  HW  in  Venice, 
90,  462  ;  comes  to  Venice  on  invitation 
of  HW,  91-3  ;  his  conversations  with 
Sarpi,  400  n  ;  letter  of,  intercepted 
by  Henry  IV,  98-9,  480-2,  485  ; 
mentioned  in  Table  Talk,  ii  490,  498  ; 
letters  quoted,  i  90  n,  92,  99  n. 

Dionysius  Periegetes,  his  De  Situ  Orbis, 
ii  397. 

Dioscorides,  Pedanius,  HW  recom- 
mends works  of,  ii  486  ;  bequeaths  to 
«,».  Henrietta  Maria,  i  217. 


hi -ton,  Wo.,  ii  50. 

Pivcit,    '  the    Lord,'    hia    honta    In 

Vienna,  i  261. 

Dix  Droitures,  Grison  League,  i  179  80. 

Dodi.     Sec  Duodo. 

Doherty,  Sir  Cahir,    his    bum  P 
in  Ireland,  i  489  n. 

Dohna,  Baron  Chrirtophet  von,  goes 
to  Venice  to  see  Sarpi  and  II W.  i  91    B 
his   interviews   with   Sarpi,   89,    92, 
98  n,  354  n,  424  n,  447  n  ;  with  HW, 
426  n  ;  envoy  to  England,  ii  164. 

Dolfln,  '  old' family  of  Venie.,  i  184  n*. 

Dolo,  Lady  Arundel's  villa  at,  i  186, 
ii  232. 

Dominicans,  the,  i  367,  385  n.  ISA. 

Dominis,  Marc'  Antonio  de,  archbishop 
of  Spalatro,  goes  to  England,  i  149, 
150,  ii  97,  100,  120  ;  reports  about,  in 
Rome,  110,  222;  pamphlet  against, 
171-2;  his  writings,  i  150,  ii  178; 
Giacomo  Torre  offers  to  kill,  i  66  u  ; 
returns  to  Rome,  149-50,  183, 
ii  228-30,  239-40,  252,  372  ;  his 
Palinode,  268,  372  n. 

Don  Quixote,  quoted,  ii  104. 

Donato,  Antonio,  ambassador  at 
Turin,  i  146,  ii  96  ;  in  England  (1618\ 
173  n,  180  ;  accused  of  embezzlement, 
173. 

Donato,  Leonardo,  Doge  XC  of  Venice, 
election,  i  78,  337,  339-40,  343-4  ; 
HW  congratulates,  53-4  ;  describes, 
78,  340,  354  ;  Sarpi  describes,  89 ; 
leader  of  Liberal  party,  77,  97,  341  ; 
his  hatred  of  the  Papacy,  89 ;  in 
favour  of  religious  reform,  92,  354  ; 
his  rebuke  to  Jesuits,  347  ;  speeches 
about  James  I,  348,  362,  403; 
alleged  discourse  of,  sent  to  James  I, 
366  ;  speech  to  di  Castro,  371  ;  forbids 
clergy  to  meet  Card,  de  Joyeuse,  376  ; 
visits  De  Joyeuse,  379 ;  answers  to 
Nuncio's  complaints  about  HW,  96 ; 
advises  HW  about  duck- shooting, 
59  n  ;  attitude  after  attack  on  Sarpi, 
405  ;  apologizes  for  detention  of  books, 
416  n  ;  shows  Apologia  to  Sarpi,  416  ; 
gives  orders  about  Tyrone,  418;  por- 
trait sent  to  Salisbury,  419;  HW 
asks  Prince  Henry  to  write  to.  127  : 
illness  of,  103  n,  462 ;  answer  to 
Nuncio's  complaints  about  Premoni- 
tion, 103 ;  HW  presents  Premonition 
to,  102-4,  463-5,  468;  letter  from 
James  I,  463-4  ;  renewed  illness,  106, 
468-9,  471-2,  474  ;  rebukes  HW,  106  ; 
HW's  farewell  and  reception  of 
Carleton,  108,  499-501  ;.  HWs 
audiences,  88,  54,  69  n,  68-9,  74,  80, 
82-3,85,  102-4,  106,  108,  256  n,  842; 
857  n,  359  n,  362,  368  n,  871  n, 
374  n,  381  n,  384,  385  n,  396  n,  403, 
111  n,  413,  416  n,  417  n,  426,    185  n. 


5.20 


INDEX 


441  n,  452  n,  458  n,  463-5,  468,  481, 
490  n,  491,  498,  501,  ii  10  n,  471,  474  : 
praises  HW,  i  69,  108,  462,  500; 
HW's  letter  to,  ii  426  ;  death  of,  i  149  ; 
portraits  at  Hampton  Court,  216 ; 
mentioned  in  Table  Talk,  ii  490,  492 ;— i 
118  n,  366.  380-1,  387,  389,  428,  431  n, 
444  n,  448-9,  451,  461,  476  n,  481, 
491. 

Donato,  Nicolo,  Doge  XCIII,  ii  173  n  ; 
election  of,  134-9  ;  death  of,  132,  138, 
141. 

Donauw5rth>  i  410  n,  ii  209. 

Doneaster,  Viset.     See  Carlisle. 

Donkercke.     See  Dunkirk. 

Donne,  John,  note  on,  ii  469 ;  at 
Oxford  with  HW,  i  5;  on  Cadiz 
expedition,  31  ;  complains  of  HW's 
seldom  writing,  308 ;  in  Germany 
(1619%  166  n  ;  HW  sends  cipher  to, 
ii  265  ;  HW's  proposed  Life  of,  i  205, 
ii  404  ;  Walton's  Life  of,  i  v  ;  note  on, 
ii  469  ;  verse-epistles  to  HW,  i  27-8, 
32  n,  45  n,  308  n,  ii  469 ;  MS.  poems 
of,  489;  letters  to  HW,  i  117  n,  ii 
469,  473 ;  HW's  letters  to,  i  xiv,  33, 
89  n,  306-10,  ii  1  n,  419 ;— 37  n, 
411  n,  415-6,  461,  479,  481. 

Dorchester,  Anne,  Viscountess,  i  498, 
ii  15,  124 ;  HW's  gift  to,  502. 

Dorchester,  Sir  Dudley  Carleton,  1st 
Visct.,  related  to  HW,  ii  124  ;  wishes 
to  be  sent  to  Venice,  i  459  n  ;  am- 
bassador to  Venice,  107,  149,  151, 
494  n,  498  n,  499-501,  ii  95  n,  105. 
172,  210,  219,  221,  473,  477,  479  ;  his 
house  in  Venice,  96,  101  ;  descrip- 
tion of  Venice,  i  55-6  ;  quarrel  with 
French  ambassador,  64,  ii  217; 
objects  to  HW's  History  of  Lnterclict, 
i  118  n  ;  inimical  to  HW,  123  n, 
126  n,  189  ;  invites  Sarpi  to  England, 
151  ;  presents  Savile's  Chrysostom  to 
Doge,  428  n  ;  wishes  to  be  transferred 
to  Hague,  134  n,  144,  ii  62  n  ;  goes  to 
Turin,  103  n,  105,  160,  473,  475; 
ambassador  at  the  Hague,  i  165,  ii 
230  n;  at  Synod  of  Dort,  329  n; 
wishes  to  be  Provost  of  Eton,  i  199 ; 
letter  of  Savile  to,  199  n  ;  Secretary 
of  State,  ii  315  n  ;  Vice-Chamberlain, 
319,  331  ;  helps  HW  to  pension,  315, 
316  n  ;  letter  to  HW,  i  498  n  ;  HW's 
letters  to,  156,  165,  498,  499  n,  501, 
ii  14,  101-4,  123  5,  141,  157,  208,  218, 
221  n,  222,  231,  237,  238  n,  244,  249  n, 
269,  273-7,  277  n,  320-1,  328,  432-3, 
437-9,  441-2,  444-9,  451  ;  letters  of,  i 
55-6,  67  n,  118  n,  121  n,  126  n,  459  n. 
499  n,  501  n,  ii  118  n,  123  n,  124  n, 
472,  475,  477 ;  letters  to,  i  48  n,  62  n, 
118  n,  123  n,  124-6,  131  n,  134  n, 
142-3,  170  n,  194,  199,  292  n,  459  n, 
507  n,  ii  3  n,  24  n,  27  n,  28  n,  85  n. 


02  n.  99,    108  n,  101  n,   112  n.  119n, 

123  n,  286  n,  464,  473,  470;— i  40.  15o 

502,  U  860  n,  474. 
Dorckcombe,    — ,     servant     of     Lord 

Salisbury,  ii  488  n. 
Doria,     '  new '    family    of    Venice,    ii 

135  n. 
Doria,  Andrea,  Prince  of  Main,  i  296, 

342. 
Doria,  Giovanni.  Card.,  i  439. 
Doria,  Prince,  ii  269  n. 
Dorislaus,  Isaac,  at  Cambridge,  ii  315; 

letter  to  HW,  390. 
Dormer,  Jane.     See  Feria. 
Dormer,  Sir  William,  ii  150  n. 
Dorset,    Richard  Sackville,  3rd  E.  of, 

i  125,  ii  17. 
Dorset,  Thomas  Sackville.   1st  E.  of,  i 

292  n,  307  n,  359,  367,  431. 
Dorsetshire,  Lord  Cork's  estate  in,  ii 

361. 
Dort,  Synod  of,  ii  329  n. 
Dortmund,  treaty  of,  ii  54  n. 
Douai,  Jesuit  College  at,  ii  114,  147, 

151  n. 
Double     Marriage,    The,    Fletcher     and 

Massinger,  ii  333  n. 
Douglas,  Sir  Robt.     See  Belhaven. 
Dourishe,  John,  with  HW,     1615)   ii 

80,  (1616)  i  145  n,  (1619)  ii  168;  note 

on,  ii  469-70. 
Dourishe,  Robert,  ii  469. 
Dourishe,  Walter,  ii  469. 
Dousa,  Janus,  i  25. 
Dover,  HW  at,  (1604)  i  45,  319,    16161 

145,  ii  87,  (1620)  i  170  ;  Lord  ZouchJ 

at,  ii  282;    plague  at,    391  ;— 21.  23, 

41,471. 
Do  way.     See  Douai. 
Downes,  Andrew,  Prof.,  reported  con- 
version of,  ii  169-70. 
Dresden,  i  169,  ii  195  n. 
Dromand,   Sir  Maurice.      See    Drum 

mond. 
Dropmore   MSS.}   letters   of   HW    in.   i 

165  n,  170  n. 
Drummond,  Sir  Maurice,  ii  341. 
Drummond,  William  of  Hawthornden, 

his  conversations  with  Ben  Jonson,  i 

42,  130  n. 
Drury.   Anne   Bacon,    Ladv,  ii  21    n. 

460. 
Drury,  Sir  Drue,  ii  318. 
Drury,  Sir  Robert,  i  316  n,  ii  21.  28, 

460. 
Dublin,  HW  in,  i  33,  306  n,  307,  309  ;— 

ii  356  n,  359;— Trinity  College,  Bedell, 

Provost  of,  301-2,  462. 
Dubravius.     See  Dubraw. 
Dubraw,    John.    HW    sends    his    De 

Pimnis  to  Strafford,  ii  ;»<»<>. 
Dudley.    Mrs.   Elizabeth.     See   Leven- 

stein. 
Dudley,  Sir  Robert,  comes  to  Italy,   i 


IXDKX 


521 


»','.>,  .!/.;.  :!7"> ;  marries  Elizabeth 
Southwell,  373, 379  ii  ;  HW  summons 

to  England.  401  n,  128  n,  ii  478. 
Durer,  Albrecht,  i  198. 
Du88eldorf,  ii  58  n. 
Dunfermline,  James  VI  receives  1IVY 

at.  ill    2. 

Dungarvan.     See  Cork,  2nd  E. 
Dungarvan,  Lady,  ii  .'>57-8. 
Donio.     See  Down.-. 
Dunkirk,  HW  at  (1616),  i  145,  ii87; 

pirates  from,  i  10 ;— 180,  ii  221. 
Dunne.     See  Donne. 

Iuodo,  Pietro,  Venetian  ambassador 
o  England  (1603),  i  319;  in  Rome, 
uplessis-Mornay,  Philippe  de,  i  291  n, 
i  478  :  his  writings  about  Rome,  i  71  ; 
nl\  isea  Diodati  to  go  to  Venice,  91  ; 
lends  De  Liques  with  letter  to  HW, 
92,  436  n,  487  n;  HW's  letters  to, 
219  n.  486,  447  n,  448  n.  449  n, 
462 n,  454  n,  ii  428-9. 

Duppa.  Bryan,  ii  469. 

Duraz/o.  in  Greece,  sack  of.  by  Spanish 
fleet,  i  357. 

Durham,  Dean  of.     See  Balcanquhall. 

Dutch        Republic.  See        United 

Provinces. 

Pyre.  Rev.  Alexander,  edits  HWs 
poems,  ii  415. 

Dyer,  Edward,  i  3. 

Dymock,  Sir  Edward,  ii  105  n,  130. 

Dynely,  Anthony,  at  Eton,  ii  308,  311, 
326.  ' 

Dynely,  John,  HW's  secretary,  (1616) 
i  145  n,  (1620)  170  n;  sent  to  warn 
Lady  Arundel,  185,  ii  232-3;  tutor 
to  Queen  of  Bohemia's  son,  308 ; 
secretary  to  Queen  of  Bohemia,  348  ; 
his  hopes  of  preferment,  310,  389-90; 
biographical  note,  ii  470-1  ;  HWs 
letters  to,  i  208,  ii  302,  308,  310,  318, 
821,  826,  348,  367,  389-91,  4<>l-4, 
406-7,  410,  450-1 ;  — ii  313,  818,  820, 
323,464. 

Dynely,  Mrs.,  ii  402,  410,  470. 

East  India  Company,  the.  ii  73  n. 

East  well,  Kent,  i  2. 

Eckenberg.     See  Eggenberg. 

Edinburgh,  i  41  n,  331,  458  n,  ii  349  n. 

Edmondes,  Clement,  ii  73  n,  74, 
77-8. 

Edmondes,  Magdalen,  Lady,  i  336-7, 
ii  3,  45,  58. 

Edmondes.  Sir  Thomas,  English  am- 
bassador at  Brussels,  i  112,  485,  ii 
494  n  ;  at  Paris,  i  116  n,  459  n,  ii  1, 
85  ;  HWs  letters  to,  i  112,  829,  386  7. 
340-2.  386,  389,  892,  894,  897  n,  411, 
484  n,  435,  437-41,  445-6.  151  ...  462, 
467,  475  n,  502.  ii  1,  44.  56-8.  420-1, 
428  80,   188-5,  460,  489  n;  Carleton 


to,  i    159  n  ;   I. -tt.  rs   of   116  ii.  829, 
185,  ii  190. 

IMward  III,  K.  of  England,  i  8,  ii 
.•{•is. 

Edward  VI,  K.  of  England,  i  »»;  ... 
50. 

Egerton,  Kent,  ii  391  n,  U 

Eggenberg,  Prince  von,  HW 
with,  at  Vienna,  ii  190  n,  p.u.',  :: 
i  174,  ii  216,  271. 

Egiock,  John,  ii  328  n. 

Eglisham,  George,  accuses  Bucking- 
ham of  poisoning,  i  969,  ii  290  n, 
291-3,  295-6. 

Elbe,  the,  i  229  n. 

Elben.     See  Elbing. 

Elbing,  levy  on,  i  231. 

Elector  Palatine.     See  Frederick. 

Eliot,  Sir  John,  ii  317. 

Eliot,  Capt.  Robert,  HW  negotiate* 
for  capture  of,  i  67,  401-2;  procures 
dispensation  for  Sir  R.  Dudley's  mar- 
riage, i  373,  379;  note  on,  ii  471. 

Elizabeth,  Queen,  reign  of,  i  8,  75, 
195,  225;  visits  Bocton,  4;  HW 
praises  in  State  of  Christendom,  B I  5, 
ii  455-6;  writes  to  New  College  about 
HW,  i  301  ;  HW  at  Court  of;  iv,  37  ; 
anger  at  treaty  with  Tyrone,  34  ; 
plots  against,  17,  65,  430  n,  ii  45<">  ; 
last  years  of,  i  28-9;  death  expected, 
40  ;  death  of,  38,  43,  318  n,  346  n  ; 
libelled  in  Pruritanus,  472  n  ;  letter 
to  Ferdinand  I,  292  n  ;  from  Fer- 
dinand I,  284  n  ;  mentioned  in  Table 
Talk,  ii  490,  492-3  ;— i  2,  17-9.  20,  32  n. 
42,  50,  58,  118,  217,  227  n,  228,  230  n, 
231,  242  n,  245,  259  n,  260,  270,  285. 
292  n,  304,  316,  319  n,  328,  331,  37«>  n. 
383,  410  n,  475  n,  ii  37,  885,  852  u. 
460,  467,  482,  485,  489. 

Elizabeth,  daughter  of  James  I,  Elec- 
tress  Palatine,  Q.  of  Bohemia,  pro- 
posed marriage  with  Prince  of  Pied- 
mont, i  114,  119,  ii  1  n  ;  marries 
Frederick  V,  i  119, 130,  145,  ii  12-:».  1  7. 
55  n;  leaves  England,  18-9,  22.  81  : 
HW  visits  (1616),  i  145,  ii  88-91  ; 
difficulty  about  precedence,  89  ;  A. 
Morton,  secretary  to,  i  145,  ii  91  n  ; 
HW's  poem  on,  i  170-1,  ii  415; 
offended  with  HW,  i  173,  ii  194  n  ; 
loaves  Prague,  i  173,  ii  1".>7  ;  HW 
refuses  Emperor's  gift  on  account  of, 
i  174;  criticizes  James  I,  177  ;  John 
Dynely  with,  ii  308,  389,  406 ;  writes 
to  Charles  I  in  Dynely's  favour,  310  ; 
HW  recommends  Frank  Bacon, 
811-2,  318,  320,  324-6,  342;  men- 
tioned in  HW's  prose  writings,  297  n  : 
HW  sends  writings  to,  309  ;  me 
to,  249  n.  265,  271  ;  devotion  to, 
i  208,  ii  194  n  ;  bequeaths  portrait  of, 
to  Charles  II,  i  217,  ii  297  n  :  recom- 


,99 


INDEX 


mends  hoys  for  Eton,  322,  325-6; 
letter  to  HW,  308 ;  HW's  letters  to, 
i  208,  ii  194  n,  293,  311,  322,  324-5, 
327,  342,  348,  362,  450-2 ;  children  of, 
see  Frederick,  Charles  Louis,  Rupert, 
Charlotte  ;— i  433  n,  ii  55  n,  175, 183, 
191  n,  238.  313,  323-4,  336,  367-8, 
400,  463,  465,  470. 

Elizabeth,  wife  of  Charles  IX  of 
France,  i  267. 

Ellesmere,  Lord.     See  Brackley. 

Elsatia.     See  Alsace. 

Elvis.     See  Helwys. 

Emmanuele  Filiberto,  D.  of  Savoy,  ii 
5  n. 

Emmerich,  ii  46,  70  ;  taken  by  Count 
Maurice,  i  138. 

Erao,  Girolamo,  HW  meets  at  Siena, 
i299. 

Emperor.  See  Charles  V,  Rudolf  II, 
Matthias,  Ferdinand  II. 

Emperor,  election  of,  ii  137  ;  HW's 
discourse  on,  414. 

Engadine,  the,  ii,  245  n. 

Englestad.     See  Ingolstadt. 

English  ambassadors.  See  Ambassa- 
dors. 

English  galley-slaves,  i  68,  478-9. 

English  refugees  in  Italy,  i  33-4,  67, 
401-2,  417-8,  420-3,  429-30,  476. 

English  ships,  HW  proposes  sending 
of  into  Adriatic,  i  80,  84  ;  hired  by 
Venice,  154-6,  ii  143,  146  n,  152-6, 
159  ;  loan  of  requested,  i  155,  ii 
170. 

English  soldiers,  HW  proposes  for 
Venetian  service,  i  80,  153,  ii  213  ; 
Molin's  opinion  of,  153,  see  Bell, 
Desmond,  Mainwaring,  Herbert, 
Oxford,  Pinner,  Yorke ;  in  Dutch 
service,  come  to  Venice,  see  Vere  ; 
in  Friuli,  ii  178;  under  Sir  Henry 
Peyton,   see  Peyton. 

English  trade  with  Venice,  amount  of, 
i  403  n  ;  HW's  negotiations  about, 
72-4,  108,  321-4,  371,  403. 

English  travellers  in  Italv,  i  17-8, 
70-1,  330-2,  335,  395,  428-9,  434, 
440,  442,  457,  487-9,  508,  ii  108,  110-1, 
126-7,  214,  256-7  ;  James  I  forbids 
to  visit  Rome,  i  70  n. 

Entragues,  Count  d',  i  336  n. 

Erdforde.     See  Erfurt. 

Erfurt,  i  232. 

Eridge,  Kent,  ii  476. 

Erizzo,  Procurator e,  ii  276. 

Ernestus,  Archduke  of  Austria,  i  244, 
249,  268  n  ;  Governor  of  Hungary, 
263  n;  of  Netherlands,  ii  456. 

Erskine,  John,  Lord,  in  Venice,  i  335. 

Essendon,  i  319  n. 

Essex,  i  338  n,  375  n. 

Essex,  Robert  Devereux,  2nd  E.  of, 
his    foreign    correspondence,     i    29  ; 


HW  in  service  of,  29-34,  75  ;  Cadiz 
expedition,  30-2,  320  n  ;  Azores 
expedition,  31,  33,  37  ;  writes  to  New 
College  in  HW's  favour,  301  n  ;  in 
Ireland,  33-4,  306  n,  307  ;  treaty  with 
Tyrone,  33-4;  his  disgrace,  34.  86, 
311,  ii  96  n,  456;  HW  in  disfavour 
with,  i  34,  44,  317-8  ;  death,  34  ; 
HW  defends  memory  of,  316  n  ; 
HW's  Character  of,  130  ;  Parallel  with 
Buckingham,  31,  206,  ii  413-4,  487  ; 
letters  of,  i  29  n,  34  n  :  HW's  letters 
to,  32-3,  299-301,  304-5,  ii  419  ; 
mentioned  in  Table  Talk.  58,  490, 
492-4;  i  iv,  2,  9,  30,  43-4,  75,  288  n. 
259,  284  n,  379  n,  430  n. 

Este,  house  of,  i  296. 

Este,  Maria  d',  ii  5  n. 

Este,  Marquis  d',  ii  5. 

Estrees,  Francois  Annibal  Due  d' 
{Marquis  tie  Coenvres),  extraordinary 
ambassador  to  Venice,  ii  212  n,  218. 
242  ;  attempts  to  procure  readmission 
of  Jesuits,  216-8  ;  his  reception, 
216-7  ;  HW  visits,  217-8. 

Esture,  Kent,  i  241  n,  ii  474. 

Eton,  Archdeaconry  of,  ii305n. 

Eton  College,  the  Provost  of,  his 
duties,  i  203  ;  salary  and  perquisites, 
204-5,  ii  316,  402  n  ;  HW  Provost  of. 
im,  xiv,  59,  194,  199-225,  ii  207  n. 
254  n,  285-410;  elections  at,  i  204, 
ii  308,  320,  322-3,  325-30,  334,  360, 
367-9,  380,  387,  389,  397  ;  audit  at, 
401  ;  Greek  play  at,  313  ;  -floods  at, 
336  ;  fellows  of,  i  201,  see  Cleaver, 
Hales,  Harrison,  Weaver  ;  fellowship 
annexed  to  living  of  Windsor,  ii 
366  n  ;  letter  from  to  Buckingham,  i 
209  ;  petition  from  to  Lord  Coventry, 
ii  373-4,  376  ;  HW's  bequest  to,  i  218  ; 
MSS.  at,  vi,  xin,  146  n,  165  n,  ii  152  n, 
194,  412  ;  pictures  at,  i  52,  60,  167, 
210-1  ;  motto,  possible  origin  of, 
191  n  ;— ii  460,  464.  466,  474.  476. 

Etruria,  ii  298-9. 

Eupolis,  ii  384  n. 

Exeter,  ii  300  n,  370  n. 

Exeter,  Thomas  Cecil,  1st  E.  of,  i  428, 
ii  18  n,  473. 

Ezekiel,  ii  37. 

Fabricius,  '  defenestration '  of,  ii  168  n, 

197  n. 
Fabritio,    Signer,    nickname   of   II W, 

ill8n,  123  n,  125  n,  126,  ii  25  n,  27  n, 

118  n,  124  n. 
Fabritio,     young,    nickname     of    Sir 

Albertus  Morton,  ii  27  n. 
Faehinetti,  Card.     See  Urban  VII. 
Falier,  '  old  '  family  of  Venice,  i  431  n. 
Falkland,  ii  121. 
Falmouth,  ii  471. 
Fanshawe,  Sir  Henry,  i  118,  131. 


INDEX 


528 


Ptrnese,  Odoardo,  Card.,  i  278  n, 
297,  880,    liH.». 

Farnham  Royal,  living  of,  ii  304  n. 

Fawkes,  Guy,  i  340. 

Feilding,  Lord.     See  Denbigh. 

Peilding,  Col.  Richard,  ii  403  n. 

Feltri,  i  412,  ii  492. 

Fenton.  John,  ii  462:  bears  dispatch 
to  England,  i  371-2,  378. 

Ferdinand  I,  Emperor,  i  244  n. 

Ferdinand  II,  Duke  of  Styria,  Em- 
peror, i  16  ;  his  minority,  249,  263  ; 
Capt.  Turner  offers  information  to, 
368-9  ;  represents  Rudolf  II  at  diet 
of  Ratisbon,  410  ;  his  sister  marries 
Prince  of  Tuscany,  426  n  ;  was  with 
Venice,  see  Uscock ;  becomes  King 
of  Bohemia,  ii  140  n  ;  King  of 
Hungary,  140  ;  marriage,  271  ; 
Bohemians  renounce  allegiance  to, 
i  180,  165,  ii  158  n  ;  Doncaster's 
embassy  to,  i  164,  ii  166, 183  ;  besieged 
in  Vienna,  i  166 ;  elected  Emperor, 
167,  ii  140,  168;  HW's  embassy  to, 
i  ix,  167-74,  ii  184-208,  213,  230-1, 
464;  HW's  negotiations  with,  190 n, 
191-2,  196,  199,  202  ;  proposed 
negotiations  with  Frederick,  195  n, 
201-3  ;  ban  against  Palatinate,  196  n, 
202 ;  HW  takes  leave  of,  i  174,  ii  207-8. 
213,  216  ;  and  Bethlen  Gabor,  204,  206, 
208,  239;  and  Maximilian  I,  i  165, 
175,  ii  175,  209  ;  and  restitution  of 
Palatinate,  i  180-3,  ii  215  n,  222,  237n ; 
Digby's  embassy  to,  i  175,  ii  215  ; 
transfers  Palatine  electorate  to 
Maximilian,  i  168,  175,  ii  223-5;— 
ii  170 n,  189,  193-4,  107-8,  226  n,  331, 
404  n,  496  n. 

Ferdinand  III,  Emperor,  ii  404,  407, 
498. 

Ferdinand,  Archduke,  i  263  n. 

Ferdinand  I,  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany, 
his  marriage,  ii  299  ;  quarrels  with 
Genoa,  i  279-80  ;  letter  to  Queen 
Elizabeth,  284  n  ;  from  Elizabeth, 
292  ;  HW  introduced  to,  37-8,  ii  298  ; 
sends  HW  to  Scotland,  i  37-42,  45, 
314,  388,  ii  300,  316  ;  his  knowledge 
of  poisons,  i  40  n ;  HW  asks  for 
money,  62,  388  n  ;  gives  money,  338  n. 
388  n,  389  n  ;  HW  negotiates  with, 
69,  888  n,  373,  387-8;  protects  Eng- 
lish pirates,  74,  387  n  ;  forces  English 
ships  into  his  service,  338  n,  387  n  ; 
employs  Sir  R.  Dudley,  373  n,  387; 
employs  Capt.  Eliot,  387  n,  401  n, 
402  ;  employs  English  slaves  in 
galleys,  387  n  ;  offers  to  mediate 
between  Venire  and  Pope,  :;">•">  n  ; 
attempts  conquest  of  Cyprus,  W2; 
death  of,  L26n;  HW's  character  of, 
ii  898-800;  letters  to,  i  888 n,  '-W. 
887,  ii    1:21,  124,  480  n  ;  mentioned  in 


/■„//,.  K»;— L21.29n,85,68n,  101, 
278,  876,  282,  284,  285  n,  287-01.  896, 
300,  81611,  870,  878,  392,  408,  180.  n, 
434,  467,  ii269n,  168,   171,  182,  i'.Mn. 

Ferdinand  Card.,  Governor  of 
Spanish  Netherlands,  ii  845,  388-9. 

Ferentz,  Sir  Thomas,  ii  400,  402. 

Feria?  D.  of  Viceroy  of  Sicily, 
detains  English  ships,  i  328  n  ; 
Governor  of  Milan,  ii  166  :  HWi 
remark  about,  156  n  ;  and  Valtelline, 
i  179,  ii  221  n,  246,  271  ;  refuses  to 
carry  out  treaty  of  Madrid,  i  180, 
ii  235  ;  sends  Scioppius  to  Rome, 
211  ;  attempts  to  send  troops  ierOM 
Venetian  territory,  818,  816;  and 
Venice,  246. 

Feria,  Duchess  of  (Jane  Dormer^, 
ii  156  n. 

Fernel,  John  Francis  {FtnuUtUt). 
ii  366,  380. 

Ferrara,  i  18,  376,  408,  441,  167,  ii  872  : 
Dukes  of,  498  ;  Governor  of,  222. 

Fialetti,  Odoardo,  picture  of  Venice 
by,  at  Eton,  i  210  ;  pictures  by,  at 
Hampton  Court,  48,  64,  216. 

Fiano,  D.  of,  ii  268. 

Finch,  Catherine,  Lady,  HW's  grand- 
mother, ii  124  n,  384  n. 

Finch,  Mr.  G.  II.,  i  xv,  ii  489. 

Finch,  Henry,  i  3  n. 

Finch,  Sir  Henry,  ii  317  n. 

Finch,  Sir  John,  1st  Baron,  Speaker 
of  House  of  Commons,  ii  317-8  ; 
HW  visits,  390. 

Finch,  Sir  Thomas,  i  37  n. 

Finch,  Sir  William,    HW's    maternal 


grandfather, 


ii  4  74. 


Finet,    or   Finett,   Sir  John,    ii    481  ; 

accompanies  Lord  Cranborne  to  Italy, 

i444. 
Finetti,   Venetian    advocate,    defends 

Nicolo  Balbi,  i  323-4. 
Firenzuola,  Agnolo,  his  Rime,  ii  485. 
FitzGerald,  Edward,  i  224. 
Fitzherbert,  Sir  Anthony,  i  442  n. 
Fitzherbert,  Nicholas,  sends  secret   in- 
formation to  H  W,  i  65,  331,  428  n .  Hi'; 

wishes  to  return  to  England,  508. 
Fitzherbert,  Thomas,  i  430. 
Five  Ports.     See  Cinque  Ports. 
Flanders,  i  241,  263,   409,  4S6,   ii  66, 

125,   392  n,   476. 
Flavius,     Christophorus,     printer     at 

Cologne,  ii  92-3  ;  plan  for  kidnapping, 

280-1. 
Fleehammer,  Giovanni  Giorgio,  ii  198. 
Flechammer,    or    Fleckanuner,    John 

Christopher,  of  Augsburg,  HW  writes 

definition  of  ambassador  in  album  of, 

i40  n,  126,  ii  10,  198  n. 
Fleming,    Sir    Thomas,     Lord     Chief 

Justice,  ii  30. 
Flemings,  the,  ii  258. 


524 


INDEX 


Fletcher,  John,   i  48,   363  n,  ii  275  n, 

333  n. 
Fletcher,  Nathaniel,  HW's  chaplain  at 

Venice  (1604-6),  i  48,  ii  462  ;  returns 

to  England,  i  86,  363. 
Fletcher,    Richard,    Bp.    of   London, 

i363. 
Fleurus,  battle  of,  ii  248. 
Florence,   Council  of,  ii  98  ;  HW   in, 

(1592)  i  20,    271-89,    293,   299,   300, 

(1593)  22,  (1601)  36-7,  39,  311-12, 
ii  298,  300,  481,  (1602)  i  42-3,  312-14, 
316  ;  Edward  Barrett  in,  338  n,  340 ; 
Sir  Stephen  Le  Sieur,  envoy  to,  415. 

434  ;  English  Catholics  in,  434 ;  Tobie 
Matthew  in,  395,  434,  477  ;— Via 
Cavour,  i  277  n  ;  Via  Larga,  277,  278 ; 
Pitti  Palace,  21,  ii  298;  Archivio 
Mediceo,  HW's  letters  in,  i  vr,  xiv, 
29  n,  42-3,  315  n  ;  Laurentian  Library, 
43  n;— i  17-8,  62,  70  n,  392,  404  n, 
406  n,  456,  494,  ii  110,  111  n,  113  n, 
299,  382,  468,  471,  473. 

Flushing,  ii  46,  63,  64  n,  66,  476. 

Fonthill,  MS.  at,  ii  114  n,  117  n. 

Fooks,  Mr.,  i  170. 

Ford,  John,  i  22. 

Fordwich,  ii  317  n,  390  n. 

Foscari,  '  new '  family  of  Venice, 
ii  135  n. 

Foscarini,  Antonio,  ambassador  in 
France,  i  476  n,  482,  490  ;  in  England, 
119,  124,  183,  506,  ii  17,  163  n,  477  n ; 
first  trial  of,  HW  congratulates,  i  181  ; 
HW  visits,  ii  163  n,  164  n ;  second 
trial  and  execution,  i  56,  183-90, 
ii  231-4,  261,  470;  his  innocence 
declared,  i  190,  ii  263. 

Foscarini,  Girolamo  and  Nicolo,  estab- 
lish innocence  of  their  uncle,  ii  262-3. 

Foscarini,  Griacobo,  i  343-4. 

Fox,  Mr.  A.  W.,  his  life  of  H  W,  i  xiii, 
103  n,  ii  456. 

France,  Wars  of  League,  i  10,  24,  263, 
ii  455  ;  HWs  intention  to  visit  (1592\ 
i  287  ;  HW  in,  (1595)  30,  (1000)  36, 
310,    (1603)   44,   318,    ii   316,    (1612)    ! 
ii  4-5  ;  proposed  league  with  (1606  \    \ 
i  80,  349  n  ;  Protestants  in,  offer  their    ! 
service  to  Venice,  352  n ;    change  of   j 
policy  after  death  of  Henry  IV,  107,    j 
147;  troubles  in,  ii  49,  52;  proposal 
to   send   HW  ambassador  to,  i  134, 
ii  35  ;  intervention  in  Juliers-Cleves 
controversy,  i  141-2.  ii  52  ;  and  Val- 
telline,  see  Louis  XIII ;   news  from, 
i  263,  283,  316,  381,  409  n,  ii  41,  113, 
245  ;  travellers  in,  i  346,  387,408,  417, 

435  n,  444-5,  477,  ii  339  n,  365,  382 ; 
war  with  (1627),  ii  303,  313,  318; 
peace  concluded,  313  n  ;  kings  of, 
see  Charles,  Henry,  Louis ;  ambassa- 
dors from  and  to,  see  Ambassadors  ; — 
i  12,  27,  43  n,  49,  58,  178,  217,  259, 


270,  286,  326,  328-9,  339,  349  n, 
370,  374,  402,  433,  444-5,  447,  462, 
472  n,  492,  ii  4n,  7-8,  19,  24  n,  41  90, 
128,  153,  157,  160,  208  n,  212,  221, 
246  n,  248,  250,  276,  299,  307  n,  323, 
349,  386  n,  400  n,  410,  455-7,  105, 
473,  480-1. 

Francesco  de'  Medici,  Grand  Duke  of 
Tuscany,  i  300,  ii  299. 

Franciotti,  Marc'  Antonio,  Lucchese 
spy,  i  36. 

Franckendal.     See  Frankenthal. 

Franckforde.     See  Frankfort. 

Franco,  Niccolo,  his  Dialoghi,  ii  485. 

Francis  Hyacinthe,  D.  of  Savoy,  death 
of,  ii  399. 

Franconia,  ii  844  n. 

Frankenthal,  ii  248. 

Frankfort,  HW  at,  (1589)  i  10,  233,  235, 
239,  302,  (1590)  11-2,  (1591^  16-7, 
(1603)  44,  318,  ii  481,  (1612)  i  123  ; 
HW's  spies  in,  65,  359  ;  the  Mart  at, 
12,  25-6,  44,  239,  318,  ii  9  ;-i  245-0, 
253  n,  255  n,  262  n,  266,  ii  68,  185, 
482. 

Franquezza,  Spanish  Seeivtary.  his 
fall,  i  380  n. 

Frascati,  ii  107. 

Frederick  IV,  Elector  Palatine,  HW 
wishes  to  be  sent  to.  (1597)  i  300, 
(1609)  454  ;— 231,  300,  426  n,  ii  90  n. 

Frederick  V,  Elector  Palatine,  K.  of 
Bohemia,  marries  Princess  Elizabeth, 
i  119,  125,  130,  ii  12-4,  17  ;  leaves 
England,  16,  18,  22 ;  and  Juliers- 
Cleves,  55;  HW  at  Court  of,  i  145, 
ii  88-91,  93-4  ;  visits  Maximilian  I, 
140,  175;  Director  of  Union,  164. 
176;  at  Heilbronn,  173,  176-7; 
intrigues  for  Bohemian  crown,  i 
172,  175,  ii  185  ;  elected  K.  of 
Bohemia,  i  165,  167-9,  171-2,  ii  185- 
8,  190  n  ;  at  Prague,  i  173,  ii  195  ; 
HWs  negotiations  with,  i  171-2.  ii 
191,  195  ;  offended  by  HW,  i  173,  ii 
194  n  ,  James  I  sends  ambassadors  to, 
see  Conway,  Portland ;  flees  from 
Prague,  i  173,  ii  197;  Hungarian 
mission  to,  201-2 ;  ban  against,  i 
174,  ii  196  n  ;  loses  Palatinate,  i  176- 
7,  ii  248;  electorate  transferred  to 
Maximilian,  i  168,  175,  183,  ii  223  n. 
224-5  ;  in  campaign  of  1622,  i  181- 
2,  ii  237,  248  ;  help  for  requested  from 
Venice,  i  182,  ii  227-8,  238-9,  241  n  ; 
letters  of,  ii  88  n,  164  n  ;— i  146,  ii  36, 
63,  68,  108,  117,  150,  183-4,  281  n, 
327  ;  Ambassadors  to  and  from,  see 
Ambassadors,  German. 

Frederick,  Prince,  son  of  Elector  Pala- 
tine, ii  55,  88,  308-9,  463,  470. 

Freeman,  Sir  Ralph,  Master  of  Re- 
quests, i  199. 

Freher,  Marquard,  HW  introduced  to. 


INDEX 


.)•:.) 


by  Casaubon,  i  25  ;  11W   visit 
814. 

Preistadt,  ii  196. 

French  Conspiracy,  the.  see  Venico, 
plot  of,  1G18. 

French,  s.  rgeant,  officer  under  Peyton, 
hanged,  ii  168  n. 

I  rench  soldiers  in  Venetian  service,  ii 
21& 

freanes-Canaye,PhUippede,convendon 
of,  i  61,  846  ii  :  French  ambassador  at 
Venice  complains  of  HW,  61  ;  HW 
at  festa  given  by,  59  ;  warned 
not  to  attempt  to  intercede  in 
quarrel  with  Pope,  355  ;  meets 
Cardinal  de  Jbyense,  -"'.Til  ;  his  pro- 
posals to  HW  for  a  combination 
t<>  help  Venice,  382-3  ;  Venetian 
criminals  taken  to  house  of,  390  ;  his 
recall,  382  n  ;  his  gift  at  departure, 
500  n  ;  HW's  letter  to,  61  n.  ii  120; 
letters  of  i  xi.  354  n,  357  n,  371  n, 
874  n,  878  n,  400n;-51,  60,  336, 
877-9,  385,  ii  493. 

Friburg,  ii  94. 

Friedesheim,  Baron  von,  Wotton's  liost 
at  Vienna  (1590),  i  14,  244,  257,  301. 

Friedesheim,  Helmbard,  HW's  letter 
to,  ii  418. 

Friesland,  ii  71. 

Friuli,  HW  travels  in,  i  57  ;  HW  sends 
James  I  map  of,  ii  104,  106  ;  war  in. 
mi  Uscoek  ;-ii  103,  131,  139-40,  142, 
158,  171,  174,  178,  228. 

Fuentes,  Count,  Governor  of  Milan,  i 
101,  326,  328,  476  ;  releases  Rowland 
Woodward,  327  ;  threatens  the  Ori- 
sons, 382  n  ;  interferes  with,  395  ; 
receives  Tyrone  at  Milan,  417  n,  418  ; 
death  of,  503  n. 

Fuggero,  Giorgio,  imperial  envoy  in 
Venice,  i  437;  quarrel  with  HW, 
437  n. 

Fulgenzio.     See  Manfredi,  Micanzio. 

Fulgenzio  (monk  of  order  of  Camal- 
dola),  i  446  n,  461. 

Fulgenzio,  Abbot,  ii  245  n. 

Fuller.  Corporal,  officer  under  Peyton, 
hanged,  ii  153  n. 

Fuller,  Thomas,  ii  467,  his  account  of 
Do  Dominis,  ii  229  n. 

Fusina,  i  185,  499  n,  ii  223. 

Cabaleoni,  Battista,  agent  of  Savoy 
in  England,  i  124,  125  n,  ii  25-6. 

Gabor,  Bethlen,  Prince  of  Transyl- 
vania, elected  King  of  Hungary,  i  17  1. 
ii  196  n;  negotiations  with,  200  n, 
202,  206  :  resigns  crown  of  Hungary 
and  makes  peace,  208  n; — 197,  199  n, 
204,  289. 

Gabriana,  Baron  di,  HW's  host  at 
Venice  (1620),  i  1 72,  ii  190  n ;  Baroness 
di,  HW  presents  jewel  to,  174,  175  n. 


Gabriel,  Creek  Bishop  in  Venice, 
praises  HW  to  Cory.it..   ,    |  gg  ,,. 

Gage,  George,  ii  l' 17. 

Gagliardo,  Padre,  Jesuit  expelled  from 
Venice,  i  8 

Gainsford,  Erasmus,  ii  1_M  n. 

Gtainaford,  Sir  John,  ii  124  n. 

Gainsford,  John,  ii  384. 

Gainsford,  Richard,  ii  384  n. 

Galen,  quoted,  ii  347  n. 

Galicia,  ii  98 n. 

Galilei,  Galileo,  his  diseoveri.  -,  i  107, 
486  ;  his  Discorao,  ii  486. 

Gallienus,  Emperor,  quoted,  ii  828. 

Gallo,  Cesare,  imperial  amba>-ador  at 
Constantinople,  ii  197. 

Game  of  Chess,  A,  by  T.  Middleton.  11 W 
witnesses,  i  201. 

Garda,  Lago  di,  ii  261 ;  HW  travels  to, 
i  57,  435,  436  n. 

Gardiner,  Edmund,  captain  of  tin 
Thomas,  i  452,  460. 

Gardiner,  S.  K.,  his  history,  i  xui ;  his 
view  of  HW,  115  n. 

Gardiner,  Stephen,  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester, i  16  n. 

Gardner.     See  Gardiner. 

Garnet,  Henry,  and  the  Gunpowder 
Plot,  i  54,  348  ;  death  of,  886  ; 
miraculous  straws  from  execution  of, 
475. 

Garrard,  Wm.,  letters  quoted,  ii  304  n, 
348  n,  351  n,  386  n,  408  n. 

G  aria  way,  Wm.,  i  470  n. 

Garroway,  Thomas,  merchant,  i  320  n, 
374. 

Gar  way.     See  Garraway. 

Gascony,  ii  499. 

Gates,  Sir  Thomas,  ii  50  ;  HW  com- 
mends to  Win  wood,  i  320. 

Gaunt.     See  Ghent. 

Gaynsford.     See  Gainsford. 

Gedney,  Line,  ii  105  n. 

Geheerten  Provinces.  See  Nether- 
lands, Spanish. 

Gein,  Jacques  de,  ii  193. 

Gelderland,  ii  42. 

Gellius,  Aulus,  i  485  n. 

Geneva,  Casaubon  at,  i  11-2  ;  HW  at. 
12,  22-5,  297-303,  311,  313,  ii  96  n, 
456-7  ;  Diodati  at,  i  86,  91,  98,  480  ; 
church  of,  91,  98  n  ;  lake  of,  145  ;— 
i  26,  93, 131  n,  255  n,  351,  447,  481  n, 
ii  95,  359,  477. 

Genoa,  HW  at,  i  22,  297.  300  ;  pirates 
from,  322  ;  Raleigh's  proposed  attack 
on,  151  ;  reported  league  against, 
ii  153,  156  ;— i  41  n,  272,  279,  296,  331, 
342,  439,  477,  507n,ii  382. 

Genovesato,  the,  i  290. 

Gentili,  Alberico,  Professor  of  Civil 
Law  at  Oxford,  i  5,  7,  10;  his  l)e 
Legationibus,  6,  109  n. 

George,  Robert,  ii  171. 


526 


INDEX 


Georges,     John,    with     HW     (1616), 
i  115  n,  ii  127;  note  on,   ii  171. 

Gerard,  John,  his  Herball,  ii  365. 

Gerbier,  Sir  Balthazar,  ii  391,  181  ; 
HW's  letter  to,  388-9,  453. 

Gerini,  Bernardo,  nephew  of  Filippo 
Corsini,  i  284  n. 

Germain  (Jermyn),  Henry.  See  St. 
Albans. 

German  gentleman  in  Ireland,  i  309. 

German  gentleman  carries  letter  from 
HW  to  Lord  Zouche,  i  280-2. 

German  Protestant  Princes.  See 
Union. 

Germany,  HW  in,  ii  140,  (1589) 
i  10-4,  229-42,  (1601-2)  40,  43,  312, 
314,  (1603)  44,  318,  ii  96  n,  (1604) 
i  49,  (1619)  i  165-6,  ii  174-9,  (1620) 
i  171,  ii  182,  184-8  ;  HW's  acquaint- 
ances  in,  i  300  ;  wishes  to  be  sent  to, 
0597)  32,  305-6,  (1607)  84,  (1610) 
113,  451,  481;  condition  of,  (1613) 
ii  16,  (1619)  ii  168,  177;  war  in, 
i  215,  ii  331,  314-5,  348,  353; 
ambassadors  from  and  to,  see 
Ambassadors;— i  9,  27,  39,  91,  182, 
217,262,  266,  276,  505-7,  ii  11,  463,  493. 

Gerusalemme  Liber ata,  .  by  Torquato 
Tasso,  i  5. 

Gessi,     Berlinghero,     Papal     Nuncio, 
arrives  in  Venice,  i  391  n,  392  n  ;  spies 
on  HW  and  Sarpi,  87  ;  keeps  watch 
on  HW's  house,  91  ;  sends  news  about 
Protestant  Propaganda  to  Koine,  95  ; 
illness  of,  404-5  ;  complains  of  books 
imported  by  HW,  96  ;  of  Fulgenzio's 
sermons,   98,  448,    451  n,   452  n  ;    of 
the  Premonition,  102-3,  469  ;   his  de- 
spatches quoted,  65  n,  ii  463,  472, 474  ; 
— i  399  n,  410,  437,  410, 476  n,  ii  217  n. 
Ghent,  ii  240,  255. 
Gibillotta,  Mt.,  ii  5. 
Gibraltar,  Straits  of,  ii  159. 
Gieswaldi,  family  of,  ii  272. 
Gifanius.     See  Giffen. 
Giffen,  Hubert  van,  professor  at  Ingol- 
stadt,  i  242,  241,  253-4. 
Gifford,  Richard,  pirate,  i  387  n. 
Ginevra.     See  Geneva. 
Ginnasi,  Domenico,  Card.,  ii  276. 
Giovanni    of    Florence,    attempts    to 
assassinate  Sarpi,  i  404  n,  406  n,  407. 
Giovanni,  — ,  servant  of  HW,  ii  322-4, 
328,  346. 
Giuberti.     See  Jubert. 
Giunta,  Filippo,  i  312  n. 
Giunta,  Modestus,  i  312,  311. 
Giustinian,  Giacomo,  ii  134-9. 
Giustinian,  Zorzi  or  Giorgio,  Venetian 
ambassador    in    England,    i    323  n  ; 
audiences  with  James  I  about  quarrel 
with  the  Pope,  i  81,  83,  347  n,  362  n  ; 
instructed  to  close  with  James  I's 
offer,     83  ;     instructed     to     thank 


James   I,   385  n  ;    demands  an   im- 
mediate answer  to  a  request,  113  n, 

411  ;  dispatches  of,  quoted,  84,  347  n, 

399,  492  n,  ii  477  ;— i  380,  426,  428, 

433  n,  474,  ii  474. 
Glacianus,  Georg,  Professor  at  Altdorf. 

i255. 
Glasgow,  ii  394  n. 

Gloucester,  D.  of.     Set  Richard  III. 
Gloucester,  Gilbert  de  Clare,  8th  E.  of, 

ii  500. 
Glover,     Sir    Thomas,    English     am- 
bassador   in    Turkey,    i     111,     145; 

Glover,  Lady,  i  445. 
Goad,    Christopher,    his    sermons    in 

Cambridge,  ii  394. 

Goad,  Roger,  ii  394  n. 

Godfrey,  Mr.,  merchant,  ii  105. 

Goltzheim,  ii  31. 

Golzius,  ii  193. 

Gomitulus.     See  Comitolus. 

Gondi,  Cardinal,  i  263  n. 

Gondomar,  by  T.  Middleton.     See  Game. 

Gondomar,  Count  of,  Spanish  am- 
bassador in  England,  caricatured  in 
A  Game  of  Chess,  i  201  ;  relations  with 
De  Dominis,  ii  229  ;— i  154,  ii  20,  203, 
472.    ' 

Gontrius,  — ,  i  250. 

Gonzaga.     See  Mantua. 

Gonzaga,  Eleanor,  marries  Ferdinand 
II,  ii  271  n. 

Goring,  George,  Lord,  duel  with  Lord 
Feilding,  ii  340-1  ;  marries  Lady 
Lettice  Boyle,  ii  360. 

Goring,  Lady,  HW  sends  Francis  and 
Robert  Boyle  to,  at  Lewes,  ii  360-1. 

Gosse,  Mr.  Edmund,  his  Life  of  JJunm. 
i  27,  166  n,  ii  469,  481 . 

Gothic  architecture,  HW's  condem- 
nation of,  i  196. 

Goths,  the,  i  78,  196,  319. 

Gouldesburroughe,  — ,  in  Venice. 
ii  157  n. 

Gouldinge,  Quartermaster,  ii  79. 

Gouri.     Sec  Gowrie. 

Gowrie,  John,  3rd  E.  of,  at  Padua, 
i  158  n  ;  his  plot,  315,  458  n,  ii  263  n  ; 
HW  sends  arms  of,  to  James  I,  i  458. 

Gradenigo,  'old'  family  of  Venice, 
434  n. 

Gradisca,  siege  of,  ii  120. 

Graisen,  — ,  HW  consults  about 
journey  abroad,  i  227-8. 

Gran,  ii  197. 

Grand  Signor.     Sec  Turkey. 

Gratz,  capital  of  Styria,  massacre  of 
Lutherans  plotted  at,  i  270;  Jesuit 
college  at,  270 ;— i  244,  249,  263,  369, 
434. 

Grave,  letters  dated  at,  ii  88,  93. 

Gravesend,  ii  320-1,  323,  3S2. 

Gray,  Andrew,  7th  Baron,  in  Venice, 
ii  111,  157  n. 


INDEX 


527 


(,i\t\.  Thomas,  i  224  ;  suggested  origin 
<>!'   his  Distant  Prospect  of  Eton  > 
i  222  n. 

Graziani,  Fra  Gian  Francesco,  hi>  plot 
against  Sarpi,  i  442  n.  453. 

.  i  357  ;  Bey  of,  invades  Poland, 
i  280  n. 

■reek,  Wotton  studies  with  Casaubon, 
i  nr,  23 ;  promises  to  write  to 
Casaubon  in,  312  ;  work  on  Fate  in, 

oil'. 

week  Bishops,  proposed  sending  of,  to 
En-land,  141),  li  97-9;  HW's  friend- 
ship with,  i  438  n. 

■reek  Church,  proposal  for  Venice  to 
join,  i  341. 

ks^  the,  i  2G4. 
Green  Cloth,  officers  of,  ii  70. 
Greenland,  dispute  about  whale-fish- 
ing near,  ii  70. 
Green  way  Court,  ii  390  n. 
Greenwich,  HW  at,  i  170,  507,  ii  89  ;— 
181,  858  n,  302  n,  ii  19,   25,    29,  32, 
240  n. 
Gregory  XIII,  ii   149,  450  ;  his  Calen- 
dar, i  xvn. 
Gregory   XIV,  i   250 ;     his   character, 

200  n. 
Gregory  XV  (Cardinal  Ludovisio),  at 
Turin  (1010),  ii  103  ;  becomes  Pope, 
20S;  his  character,  208;  his  policy, 
i  178-9,  ii  208-9;  sends  Jubilee  to 
Venice,  210  ;  illness  of,  210-1,  214-5  ; 
and  Valtelline,  i  179,  ii  211,  215,  221, 
244  n,  200  n,  271  ;  and  Spanish  mar- 
riage, i  181,  ii  222  n,  220,  247  n  ; 
pasquil  on,  223  ;  and  De  Dominis, 
228-9,  252,  372-3  ;  and  Venice,  245-0  ; 
edict  about  Protestants  in  Catholic 
territories,  ii  248-9  ;  forbids  burial  of 
Sarpi,  200  n  ;  illness  of,  208  ;  death, 
272 ;— 212,  214,  217-8,  247,  257,  259, 
274,  270. 
Grenoble,  ii  404. 

Grey,  Thomas,    15th    Baron   Grey   of 
Wilton,  ii  23. 
Griffith,   Mr.,  ii   320-3,  325  ;    his  son 

with  Queen  of  Bohemia,  325-0. 
Grille,  Angelo,  his  Lettere,  ii  484. 
Grimani,     '  new  '    family    of   Venice, 

ii  135  n. 
Grimani,     Marino,     Doge     LXXXIX, 
character   of,    i    342;    letters  to,  45, 
ii  400  n  ;  receives  HW,  i  52  ;  HW's 
audiences,   322  n,  325  n,  413;    death 
of,    78,  337,    339-40,    342-3  ;    HW's 
condolences,  339  n  ;    book  belonging 
to,  presented    by  HW   to   Bodleian, 
210,339n,  ii  337. 
Grisley,  Walsingham,  ii  245. 
Grison  League,  the,  i  179. 
Grisons,    the,    HW    travels    through, 
'(1598;   i  22,    297,300,   (1023)  ii  278; 
il\V    describes,    ii    90  ;    league  with 


Wnir.-,    i  :;_•<',  ii  ;    Fuentefl    qui 
with,  320  ;  uprising  in,  303-5  ;  league 
with  Venice  terminated,  ii  90  n  ;  close 

t<>  Veniee,  i  l  u,  1 1- 
ii  96 H,  11$  j  HW  negotiates  witb. 
about  Bemlnarieej  i  i<>:-',  U  1 1  ■ 
480 ;  attempt  to  restore  league  with 
Venice,  i  100,  ii  00  n,  179, 180  n  ;  and 
Valtelline,  en  Valtelline  ;  renewed 
trouble  in,  i  179-80,  188-8  .-  ii  888  n. 
227-8,  230-7,  238  n,  239,  249;  Arch- 
duke Leopold  attacks,  i  18<>,  ii  l* !•">  n. 
246  ;  ambassadors  to  and  from,  sec 
Ambassadors  ;— 113,  251,  869,  I'.»~>. 

Gritti,  'new' family  of  Venice,  ii  186  n. 

Groenland.     See  Greenland. 

Groningen,  ii  51,  75. 

Grotius,  Hugo,  ii7->n. 

Guastalla,  Ferdinand  Gonzuga,  Prince 
of,  ii  269  n  ;  in  Venice,  270. 

Guastalla,  Vittoria,  Princess  of,  in 
Venice,  269-71. 

Guelders,  ii  341,  345. 

Guernsey,  ii  482. 

Guiana  expedition,  the,  ii  87  n,  489. 

Gucciardini,  Lorenzo,  informal  English 
agent  in  Florence,  i  284,  287,  292  n. 

Guise,  Cardinal  de,  ii  245  n. 

Guise,  Charles  de  Lorraine,  4th  D.  of, 
HW  lodges  in  house  of,  i  110;  offers 
his  services  to  Venice,  i  431. 

Guises,  the  murder  of,  i  21. 

Gunpowder  Plot,  the,  Salisbury  writes 
to  HW  about,  i  339 ;  HW's  speech 
about,  339  n;  imitation  of,  in  Venice, 
304;—  54,  80-1,  100,  150,  158,  388, 
403,  475,  ii  117  n,  151  n,  489. 

Gunter,  Thomas,  English  Consul  at 
Venice,  i  103  n. 

Gurckfeld, Frederick,  secretary  to  HW 

(1010),  ii  92. 
Gussoni,  — ,  HW  rents  palace  and  villa 
from,  ii  101-2. 
Gussoni,  Vincenzo,  Venetian  ambassa- 
dor at  Turin,  ii  470  ;  describes  HW's 
reception,  i  121-2,  ii  2  n ;  mission  to 
Germany  (1610),  151,  ii  107  n,  108. 
Gustavus  II,  Adolphus,  K.  of  Sweden, 
lands  in  Germany,  ii  331 ;  victories 
of,  i  215,  ii  341  n. 

Habsburgs,  the,  i  16,  94,  160,  848  •». 
249,  257,  507,  ii  108,  187,  224  n,  281  n. 

Hagenau,  i  255  n,  ii  ■'!... 

Haghe,  the.     See  Hague. 

Hague,  The,  HW  at  (1014-5  ,  i  134-43, 
170,  ii  41-50,  02-83,  404,  475-' 
departure  from,  83-0 ;  Queen  of 
Bohemia  at,  i  208,  ii  325;  Caiieton 
at,  118  n,  142;  Dvnely  at,  308, 
310  ;  A.  Morton  at,  280  n  ;— i  l^-',  n, 
155,  210  n,  301,  470  n,  492  ;  ii  18, 
110  n,  224,  248,  205,  319,  323,  390. 

Haies,  Mr.,  ii  313. 


528 


INDEX 


Hainhoffer,  Philip,  offers  to  intercept 

letters  at  Augsburg,  ii  147,  172  n. 
Hales,  Edward.     See  Lichfield. 
Hales,  Sir  Edward,  ii  344  n. 
Hales,  Lady  {Ann  Wotton),  ii  344,  412. 
Hales,  John,  Fellow  of  Eton  College, 

visits  HW  with  Milton,  i  220,  ii  381 ; 

made  Prebendary  of  Windsor,  408; 

conversations    with    HW,    i    222-3 ; 

expelled    from    Eton,    224  ;— ii    306, 

315,  329  n,  395. 
Hall,  Joseph,  ii  370  n,  460,  469;  his 

epistle  to  Sir  E.  Bacon,  ii  460-1 ;    to 

Bedell,  462  ;  to  John  Mole,  473. 
Halm,  Count  von,  i  262. 
Halstead,  ii  460. 

Hamborough,  Hambro.     See  Hamburg. 
Hamburg,  HW  at,  i  42 ;    congress  of, 

ii  386,  400  ;— i  10,  229  n,  230  n,  ii  367, 

399,  482. 
Hamilton,  James,  2nd  Marquis  of,  in 

Venice,  i  487  ;   HW  dissuades  from 

visiting  Rome,  487-8  ;  HW's  letter  to, 

487,   ii  431,   490  n;    alleged   plot    to 

poison,  ii  290,  292-3,  295. 
Hamilton,  James, 

Scotland,  ii  385  n,  403. 
Hammon,  — .  at  Prague,  i  301. 
Hammond,  John,  M.D.,  301  n. 
Hainond,  John,  ii  470. 
Hampton  Court,  i  506,  ii  35  ;  pictures 

at,  i  52  n,  60,  217  n  ;  ii  297. 
Hanford,  Dorset,  ii  480. 
Hannah,   Rev.    John,    his   edition    of 

HW's  poems,  i  xn,  ii  415. 
Hannibal,  i  49,  ii  95. 
Harbert.     See  Herbert. 
Hardy,  Sir  Thomas  Duffy,  his  report 

on     documents     in     Venice,     i    xn, 

ii  146  n. 
Harington,  Sir  James,  ii  283  n. 
Harington,  John,  1st  Lord  Harington 

of    Exton,    his    patent    for    coining 

farthings,  ii  308  n. 
Harington,      Sir     John,     2nd     Lord 

Harington  of  Exton,  in  Italy,  i  441  ; 

in    Venice,    445 ;    HW    presents    to 

Doge,  441  n  ;  letter  to  Prince  Henry, 

459  n  ;  goes  to  German v,  462;— 456, 

ii  17,  20  n. 
Harington,  Lady,  ii  91  n. 
Harison.     See  Harrison. 
Harlay,     Christophe     de,     Count     de 

Beaumont,    French     ambassador    in 

England,  Henry  IV  writes  to,  about 

HW,  i  61. 
Harnett,  good  wife,  i  116. 
Harrach,   Baron    von,    Imperial    am- 
bassador at  Rome  (1592),  i  296. 
Harrington.     See  Harington. 
Harringworth,  ii  482. 
Harrison,  John,  head  master  of  Eton, 

i  216,  ii  321,  355  n,  366,  396,  401. 
Harrison,  Sir  Richard,  ii  399. 


Hartlib,  Samuel,  ii  381  n. 

Harvey,  William,  at  Padua,  i  405  n. 

Harwell,  Lieut.,  officer  under  Feyten, 

hanging  of,  ii  153  n. 
Hatfield.     See  Hatzfeldt. 
Hatfield  House,  pictures  at,  i  60,  419  n. 

453. 
Hatzfeldt,    General,    defeats    Charles 

Louis,  ii  399  n,  400,  401  n. 
Haultain,  Admiral,  commands  Dutch 

fleet  off  coast  of  Portugal,  i  856  n. 
Haward.     See  Howard. 
Hawkesworth,  secretary  to  Cornwall  is 

in  Spain,  ii  482. 
Hawkins,  Dr.  Henry,  sent  by  Essex  to 

Italy,  i  31 ;  his  letters  of  introduction 

said  to  have  been  intercepted  by  HW, 

32. 

Hay,  Lord.     See  Carlisle. 
Heath,  Sir  Robert,  Attorney-General, 

i  200,  ii  316,  317  n,  470. 
Heatley,  Alexander,  secretary  of  D.  of 

Richmond,  ii  290-3. 
Hebrews.  See  Jews. 
Hebrun,  Alexander,  recommended  by 

HW  for    English   Consul  in  Naples, 

i  328  n. 
Heeton.     See  Hey  ton. 
Heiberger,  — ,  i  258. 
Heidelberg,  HW  at,  (1589-90)  i  10-1, 

232-40,  301  n,  302,  (1591)  17,  (1594, 

25,  (1616)  144-5,  ii  88-91,  93-4,  96, 

311  ;   his  acquaintances  at,  300 ;   A. 

Morton  at,  i  145,  ii  94,  234,  475  ;  fall 

of,  i  181 ;  university  of,  11,  234,  235  n  ; 

—151,  302,  ii  22,  55  n,  120.  482. 
Heilbronn,  HW  at  (1619),  i  1(55-6,  193. 

ii  176-9,  180  n  ;  League  of,  ii  344  n. 
Hein,    Peter,    captures     Plate    Fleet. 

ii  318  n. 
Helbre,  Essex  at  (1599),  i  306  n. 
Heldevir,  — ,  i  288. 
Heliodorus,  quoted,  i  303. 
Helvetia,  ii  96  ;  baths  of,  281  n. 
Helwys,  Sir  Gervase,  ii  23  n,  24. 
Henrietta     Maria,     Q.     of     England, 

marriage  of,  ii  286  n  ;   visits  HW  at 

Eton,  i  212  ;  HW's  bequest  to,  217;— 

i  116,  210  n,  ii  339-42,  399. 
Henry  III,  K.  of  England,  ii  499,  500. 
Henry  V,  K.  of  England,  i  1. 
Henry  VI,  K.  of  England,  founder  of 

Eton    College,    i  202,  ii  304  n,   305  ; 

HW's  account  of,  i  206,  ii  254  n,  414. 
Henry  VII,  K.  of  England,  i46,  ii  408. 
Henry  VIII,  K.  of  England,  i  2,  444, 

458  n,  472  n,  ii  32-3,  332. 
Henry  III,  K.  of  France,  i  24,  237  n, 

249,  296  n,  ii  456,  492. 
Henry  IV,  K.  of  France,  wars  with  the 

League,  i  18,  24,  245,  ii  456 ;  siege  of 

Paris,  i  16,  245  n,  254,  263  ;  conver- 
sion of,  298;  relations  with  Swiss,  88", 

304 ;     marriage,    36,     294    n  ;     plots 


[NDEX 


5:jo 


against,  316,  336;  complains  of  HW, 
01  ;  attitude  during  Interdict,  80,  83, 
;}:»:;  n.  :;.v>  n,  365  n,  371  ;  Salisbury's 
suspicions  of,  83 ;  sends  Cardinal  de 
use,  84-5,  375,  377,  379;  settles 
dispute,  84-5,  389-90  ;  proposed 
alliance  with  Janus  I,  .•><',(>,  3S2  :;  ; 
wishes  Jesuits  to  bo  readmitted  to 
Venice,  385  n;  forwards  HW's  dis- 
patch about  himself,  365  n,  372  ;  his 
•Great  Design',  97-9,  107,  113,  135, 
467,  468  n,  182,  484  n,  487;  receives 
nition,  101,  462;  exposes  Protes- 
tant propaganda  in  Venice,  89,  97-100, 
',  485 ;  prepares  to  attack  Juliors, 
135,  407  ;  assassination,  97,  107,  185, 
190,  192,  195-6,  ii  37  ;  HW's  speech 
about,  i  491  n  ;  mention  of  in  Table 
Talk,  ii  490,  492-6,  498  ;-i  180,  237  n, 
296  n,  314  n,  319,  326,  354  n, 
U2,  426  n,  430  n,  445,  ii  58  n, 
276,  473. 

Henry  Frederick,  Prince  of  Wales, 
HW  carries  letter  to,  from  Prince  of 
Fuscany,  i  10,  126;  portrait  in  HW's 
palace,  57,  420  n  ;  shown  to  Doge, 
441  n ;  HW  suggests  marriage  to 
Palatine  Princess,  426  n  ;  praises 
Venice,  420  ;  would  like  to  fight  for 
Republic,  81  n ;  HW  asks  to  intercede 
for  Venetian  criminal,  427-8  ;  friend- 
ship for  Sir  John  Harington,  441  n  ; 
Sir  R.  Douglas  purchases  horses  for, 
in  Italy,  458  n,  470  ;  A.  Morton 
introduced  to,  459;  negotiations  for 
Spanish  marriage,  119  ;  for  Savoy 
marriage,  63,  114-6,  119-25,  ii  1-7, 
477  ;  his  opinion  of  HW,  i  117,  118  n, 
123,  126;  writes  to  HW,  ii  7;  death 
of,  i  115  n,  125-6,  128-9,  131,  200, 
ii  9,  12,  14  n  ;  HW's  letters  to,  i  409, 
425,  432,  459,  497,  ii  426-8,  430,  433, 
474;— 505,  ii  39  n. 

Heracleitus,  i  217,  485  n. 

Herbert,  Edward,  1st  Baron  Herbert 
of  Cherbury,  wishes  to  raise  troops 
for  Venice,  ii  119  n  ;  in  Low  Countries 
with  HW,  ii  53  n ;  ambassador  in 
Paris,  i  112,  ii  119  n,  465. 

Herbert,  George,  i  v,  ii  304  n. 

Herbert,  George,  officer  under  Peyton, 
ii  153  n. 

(Herbert,  Sir  John,  Secretary  of  State, 
negotiates  about  trade  with  Venice, 
i  32:5. 

Hercules,  ii  158. 

Herefordshire,  conflict  with  Catholics 
in,  i  330  n. 

Hero  of  Alexandria,  his  Automat  i  and 
Bpiritali,  ii  486. 

Herrick,  Robert,  ii  385  n. 

Hertford,  Francis  Seymour  Conway. 
1st  M.  of,  Sir  Nicholas  Throckmorton's 
papers  in  possession  of,  i  217  n. 


Hertford,     Francis    Charles    S. 

Conway,    3rd    M.    of,    gives    Tbi«..  k- 

morton'^  pap  tri  to  Record  Ofti.  <•.  :M7  n. 
Hertogenbosch    (Boia-U'Ihi' 

capture  of,  i   I"'.' 

827  ... 

-Cassol,    Mamio-.    Uu&dgn 

i  806,  151,  .1  176. 
Hetruria.     See  Etruria. 
Hey.     8m  Hay. 
Heydleberge.     See  Heidelberg. 
Heyton,  — ,  lease  of  Stanton  .St.  John 

promised  to,  i  301. 
Hickes,  George,  i  103  n. 
Hierocles  of  Alexandria,  i  313. 
Biggins,    James,    factor    in     Venice, 

i  880,  470  n. 
Hippocrates,  quoted,  ii  313. 
Iliirpohjtus,  acted  at  Eton,  ii  818. 
Hobbes,  Thomas,  ii  307  n. 
Hoeehst,  battle  of,  i  183. 
Hoeschel,  David,  HW  visits,  i  \:\.  :;i  t  ; 

letters  to,  43,  312  n,  ii  419,  182. 
Hog   hath    lost   his   Pea.l,    The,  tutted    at 

Whitefriars,  ii  13. 
Hohenzollern,     Count,     envoy     from 

Matthias  to  Xanten,  ii  58,  65  ;  HW's 

reply  to,  58  n. 
Holderness,    James    Ramsay,    1st    E. 

of,  ii  258;  HW's  letter  to,"  ii  268-5, 

448. 
Holinshed,       Raphael,      account       of 

Wotton  family  in  his  Chronicle,  i  2  n. 
Holland,  i  12,  486n,  ii   12.  162,  312 n, 

315  n,  321  n,  346  n,  309.     See  United 

Provinces. 
Holland,  Sir  Henry  Rich,   1st  E.  of, 

challenges  Lord  Weston,   ii    338-40; 

HW's  bequest  to,  i  218  ;— ii  17,  341. 
Holland,   Hugh,  HW  recommends  to 

Salisbury,  i  408-9. 
Holland,  Sir  Thomas,  ii  480. 
Hollanders,  the.   See  United  Provinces. 
Holstein,    Duke    Joachim    Ernest    of, 

with  HW  in  Venice,  ii  157  n.  164  n  : 

travels    with,    i    105 ;    ii    174-5  ;    at 

Munich,  ii  174-5. 
Holy  Land.     See  Palestine. 
Holyhead,  i  307. 
Hone,  John,  Stanton  St.  John   leased 

to,  i  302  n. 
Honey  wood,    Robert,    grandfather  •■! 

Albertus  Morton,  i  241. 
Honorio,  Fra,  execution  of,  ii  159  n. 
Hooton,  i  .'527  n. 
Horace,  quoted,  ii  251  n.  827 
Home,  Mr.  Herbert,  i  191  n. 
Horningsheath,  Suffolk,  ii  80S 
Horton,  Milton  at,  i  22<>. 
Hoi-wood,  Alfred  J.,  ii  188. 
Hoskins,  John,  ii  37,  39,  11.  1 15. 
Hotman,  Francois,  Professor  of  Law  at 

Basle,    i   12.  109a  :    HW  wishes  t.. 

study  under.  9.  10,  i-_».  884-5,  881  8. 


WOT  ION.     II 


M   in 


530 


IXDEX 


Hotman,  Jean,  in  England,  i  238  ;  his 
VAmbassadeur,  109  n. 

Howard.  Sir  Francis,  goes  to  Turin 
with  HW,  ii  2. 

Howard,  Henry,  i  498,  ii  16,  40. 

Howard,  Lord  Thomas.     See  Suffolk. 

Howard,  Sir  Thomas.     See  Berkshire. 

Howard,  Lord  William,  ii  2,  39-40. 

Howards,  the,  i  121  n. 

Howell,  James,  in  Venice,  i  60,  179 ; 
his  Letters,  169,  179  ;  Discourse  of  Am- 
bassadors, 109  n  ;  Slate  of  Venice,  358  n  ; 
HW's  poem  to,  ii  416. 

Hudson,  Mr.,  of  Windsor,  ii  354. 

Hugeinus.     See  Huygens. 

Hughes,  Mr.  Charles,  ii  456. 

Hume,  Major  Martin  S.,  i63n. 

Humphreys,  Philip,  carries  letters  to 
England,  ii  230. 

Hungary,  i  174,  263,  267,  278,  305  n, 
326  n,  333,  342,  356,  360,  417,  507  n, 
ii  15,  185,  197,  200  n,  201-2;  kings 
of,  see  Rudolf,  Gabor,  Ferdinand. 

Hungerford,  Mr.,  i  288,  290-1..  293. 

Hunnes.     See  Huns. 

Hunnings,  Francis,  i  250,  264  ;  HW's 
letter  to,  ii  417. 

Huns,  the,  ii  256. 

Hunt,  Richard,  Dean  of  Durham  ii 
397. 

Huntley,  E.  of,  kills  E.  of  Moray,  i 
285  n. 

Hurst,  Berks,  ii  399. 

Hushai,  the  Archite,  ii  296. 

Hussen,  ii  57. 

Huygens,  Sir  Constantine,  ii  411. 

Hyacintho,  Capuchin  friar,  his  de- 
spatches stolen,  ii  223,  225. 

Hyrat,  — ,  stationer  of  Cologne,  ii, 
281. 

Iceland,  stones  from,  collected  by  Sir 

E.  Bacon,  ii  396,  397  n. 
Ignatius.     See  Loyola. 
Impositions,  HW  speech  on,  i  132. 
Indies,   the,  i   153,  391  n,  416  n,  439, 

ii  471. 
Indies,  the  East,  trade  to,  ii  76  n,  247. 
Infante,  Card.     See  Ferdinand. 
Inferno.     See  Dante. 
Ingolstadt,  i  14,  238,  263  n  ;  letter  dated 

at,  241-3,  247  ;  ii  481. 
Ingram,  Sir  Arthur,  ii  76. 
Innocent  X,  Popa,  ii  276  n. 
Innsbruck,   ii  209  ;    HW  at,   i  176,  ii 

207. 
Innspruck.     See  Innsbruck. 
Inojosa,  Marquis  of,  Governor  of  Milan, 

ii  103  n. 
Inquisitor  of  Rome,  takes  steps  against 

Lord  Darcy,  i  291. 
Interdict.     See  Venice. 
Interminelli.     See  Antelminelli. 
Iper.     See  Ypres. 


Ireland,  HW  in,  i  iv,  30  n,  33-4,  306-U 
417  n ;  news  from,  259,  316,  43: 
ii  29  ;— i  70  n,  153,  316,  334,  429,  491 1 
ii  343,  356,  360  n,  368,  467. 

Irish  Ocean,  the,  i  316. 

Irish     proverb,     quoted     by    HW, 
385  n. 

Isabella,  the  Infanta,  sovereign  < 
Spanish  Netherlands,  i  40,  ii  42  i 
341  n,  345  n,  389  n,  468. 

Isaiah  quoted,  i  126,  ii  10. 

Isel.     See  Yssel. 

Isidorus  Hespalensis,  quoted,  ii  320  r 

Island.     See  Iceland. 

Istria,  ii  96,  112,  128. 

Italian  authors  selected  by  HW,  i  ix 
ii  414  ;  484-6. 

Italian  Night  Masque,  The,  ii  333. 

Italy,  HW's  first  visit  to,  i  17  22,  9 
235,  238,  256,  266,  277-300;  cond 
tion  of,  (1591)  18,  (1616)  148-9.  ii  10: 
compared  with  Geneva,  i  298;  HV 
in,  (1601-3)  34-9,  43-4,  311-9,  (1604 
10^  46-115.  320-506,  (1616-9)  146  6< 
ii  94-172,  (1621-8) i  176-92,  ii  207-8C 
war  in  a629),  318-20,  331;  Milto 
visits,  i  18,  ii  382  ;— i  3,  9,  27,  54,  17£ 
180,  225,  248,  259,  270,302.  ii  339ii 
365,  455-6. 

Ivry,  battle  of,  i  245  n. 

Jacob,  dream  of,  ii  21. 

Jacobo.     See  James. 

James  V,  K.  of  Scotland,  i  315. 

James  VI,  K.  of  Scotland,  James  I  c 
England,  reported  plot  against,  (1592 
i  284-5;  HW  sent  to,  (1601)  40-E 
388,  ii  300,  316  ;  HW  describes,  i  4i 
314-5  ;  plots  to  assassinate,  (1601-2 
40,  43  n,  ii  468  ;  sends  for  HW,  i  44,  i 
316 ;  sends  HW  to  Venice,  i  45  ;  hi 
ambassadors,  48  ;  his  foreign  policy 
61,  75,  122,  144,  146  ;  policy  abou 
trade  and  piracy,  72-3,  322-3;  remar; 
about  Spanish  pensions,  62  n  ;  send 
Sir  J.  Lindsay  to  Rome,  321  n  ;  re 
ported  speeches  of,  328 ;  reporte< 
attack  on,  336  ;  pleased  with  inter 
cepted  letters,  66,  351,  359  ;  support 
Venice  in  quarrel  with  Pope,  81-5 
182,  374  n,  381  n,  384,  ii  474  ;  aid  oi 
offered  by  HW,  i  82,  361-2,  384-6 
gratitude  of  Venetians,  85,  356-7 
361  n,  385,  464;  proposed  combinatioi 
with  France  to  help  Venice  and  th 
Dutch,  382-3  ;  publishes  Apologia,  100 
his  respect  for  Sarpi,  408  n  ;  Sarpi' 
proposals  to,  93-5,  161,  447 ;  invite 
Sarpi  to  England,  151 ;  publishe 
Premonition,  95, 100-7,  ii  474  ;  receive 
Correr,  writes  to  Salisbury  about  HW 
i  105-6  ;  defers  HWs  return,  466 
reported  assassination,  256  n,  491 
reported  plot  against,  494-6  ;    send 


[NDEX 


58] 


troops  to  Juliers,  I :;.">:  rocalls  IIW. 
494  n  ;  give.s  pension  to  IIW.  117,  ii 
:'.")l  ;  negotiates  for  Savoy  marriage, 
i  111  6,  1  10-23  ;  sends  IIW  to  Turin, 
120  •  ">.  ii  1-7;  acts  as  his  own  secre- 
tary, i  124,  ii  122 n  ;  confronts  HW 
with  his  definition  of  an  ambassador, 
i  1 26-7  ;  takes  HW  into  favour  again, 
|82,  ii  86  »') ;  ami  Juli< r^  Cleves  con- 
troversy, i  184-48,  ii  41-84;  sends 
IIW  to  Hague,  i  134;  expostulates 
with  Archdukes,  ii  47)  demands  ex- 
planation about  fall  of  Wesel,  i  187  ; 
Explanation  sent,  ii  (58-73;  accepted, 
7."> ;  complains  of  HW's  not  writing, 
63 ;  brings  about  league  between 
states  and  Union,  i  140,  ii  68-4 ; 
sends  commissioners  about  trade  dis- 
putes to  the  Hague,  i  142,  ii  73-4,  77- 
I  :  forbids  fishing  on  English  coasts, 
7»'.  d  ;  negotiations  about  treaty  of 
Xanten,  i  140-8; proposes  formularies, 
ii  69,  74  5,  78  n  ;  proposed  promise  to, 
H  n  ;  suggests  omission  of  his  own 
name,  82",  84  n  ;  recalls  HW,  i  142,  ii 
83  n  ;  receives  HW,  86  n  ;  attacked 
in  Corona  Eegia,  i  145,  ii  92  n,  93; 
attempts  to  unite  anti-Spanish  powers 
(1616).  i  144-6  ;  helps  Savoy,  144,  151 ; 
sends  HW  to  Venice,  143,  147  ;  HW 
defends,  14<> ;  forbids  English  tra- 
vellers to  visit  Rome,  70  ;  visits  Scot- 
land, ii  122  n ;  head  of  German 
Union,  107  n,  164;  Venice  asks  for 
more  help  for  Savoy,  107  n,  109  n, 
122  n  ;  remonstrates  with  Spain,  i 
155,  163,  ii  122  n,  170  ;  sends  ships  to 
coast  of,  ii  163,  171  ;  allows  Eng- 
lish ships  to  come  to  Venice,  i  154, 
163 ;  and  plan  for  Protestant  semina- 
ries, 162,  165-6,  ii  143,  150  n,  177-9, 
and  Bohemiau  revolution,  i  168-9, 
iii  165  n,  182  ;  sends  Doncaster,  i  164, 
i  166,  183 ;  sends  HW  to  German 
princes  and  emperor,  i  167,  169  ;  de- 
termines to  defend  Palatinate,  ii  199, 
202;  writes  to  German  princes,  199  n; 
negotiations  about,  215  n.  222,  237  n  ; 
asks  help  of  Venice,  i  181,  ii  227,  265  ; 
general  disesteem  of,  i  169,  176,  181, 
192,  ii  227;  requested  by  Venice  to 
help  Protestants,  i  180 ;  negotiates 
for  Spanish  marriage,  see  Charles  I ; 
II W  sends  seeds,  ii  220,  253,  258,  264; 
HW  dedicates  his  Historic/,  Veneta  to, 
■58  5  ;  writes  to  Doge  about  Lady 
Arundel,  i  190,  ii  240  ;  about  Spanish 
marriage,  i  181,  ii  267,  273-4;  recalls 
HW,  i  181,  192  ;  appoints  HW  Provost 
of  Eton,  199-201  ;  promises  Deanery 
to  IIW,  i  205,  ii  317  ;  his  opinion  oi 
IIW,  i  457  107,  108  n,  110-2,  117,  164, 
ii  162;  death  and  funeral,  208;  alleged 
poisoning  of,  ii  290  n,  295  ; — letters  to 


IIW.  i  70,  81  n.  868,  I'.M  n.  ii  71.  121, 
190  n;  to  Salisbury.  1105;  toDonato, 
106-7,  181,  168,  166;  to  Bembo,  li 
188;  to  Priuli,  i  1*1  -2,  190,  ii  82?  8, 

23S  n,    210,  .   i»73  4;    to  Do' 

M'>nti,  171;  to  Gorman  princess, 
198  n;  to  Philip  IV,  822;— HWi 
lot*  is  to,  i  112,  868 n,  880,  866  n,  866, 

369,  382,  407  n,  417,  421,  446-50,  457, 
186,  176,  178,  180,  ii  11.51,  66-78*  77. 

86,  88-93,  97,  101.  122,  1  13,  163,  172n, 
174,  182,  190,  201,  25::  5,  868  88,  277. 
412,  421-7,  429-31,  434-44,  448-9;— 
Works  of,  Basilikon  Doron,  i  469  n ; 
Apologia,  100,  103  n,  126,  416,  418, 
469  n,  482;  Premonition,  composition 
and  character  of,  95,  100-1,  166 
to  princes,  101-2,  462,  467  ;  presenta- 
tion and  prohibition  in  Venice,  102-7, 
463-5,  468,  471-4  ;  Paul  V's  censure, 
166;  IIW  asks  for  more  copies,  102, 
465-6;  translated  by  Bedell,  102  168; 
remark  about,  475;  Meditations  on  LoriVs 
I'rai/cr,  ii  169;  translation  of  Psalms, 
809  ;— mention  of,  in  Table  Talk,  ii 
490,  492,  494,  497-8  ;—i  32  n;  320; 
— ir  284,  passim,  299  n,  302,  308  n.  316, 
886,  352  n  ;  383  n,  397,  399  n,  4  11  n. 
461,463-4,468,471-2,477-9,  482,  18a 

James.     See  Vary. 

Japan,  i  391  n. 

Jars,  Chevalier  de,  imprisonment  of,  ii 
340. 

Jaye,  duel  with  Walter  Raleigh,  ii  79. 

Jeannin,  Pierre,  ii  56. 

Jerusalem,  i  126,  ii  396. 

Jesuits,  the,  HW  intercepts  letters  of, 
i  65-6,  345,  351-2,  359,  ii  147-8  ;  HW's 
opinion  of,  i  65,  80,  ii  184,  242,  plan 
for  opposing  178-9;  and  Gunpowder 
Plot,  i  54,  80,  339-40,  348,  463,  475  ; 
sent  into  England,  331,  ii  214  ;  ex- 
pelled from  Venice,  i  79,  347,  35o.  862, 
354,  373  n,  385,  389,  ii  128,  212,  496  ; 
preach  against  Venice,  i  355;  attempts 
to  procure  readmission,  85,  178,  385  n, 
482,  ii  212,  216-8  ;  return  to  Venice, 
(1657)  212  n  ;  believed  by  HW  to  be 
cause  of  trouble  between  Venice  and 
Pope,  i  366-7  ;  spread  false  reports 
about  accommodation,  391  n  ;  con- 
troversy with  Dominicans,  367  ;  in- 
fluence with  Ferdinand  II,  410  ;  with 
Henry  IV,  353  n ;  income  in  Venice, 
443  ;  bequest  to,  449-50  ;  and  attack 
on  Sarpi,  406  n  ;  and  assassination  of 
Henry  IV,  491  n  ;  in  Louvain,  ii 
93  ;  Munich,  174  ;  Nancy,  184  ; 
Rome,  i  332-5,  442  n,  ii 
Styria,  i  368-9;  maxims  of,  365; 
mention  of,  in  Table  Talk,  ii  491, 
493,  495  ;  colleges,  see  Douai,  Milan, 
Rheims,  Rome  ;  General  of,  m 
Vitelleschi  ;— i    20,     70,     126,     183, 


M  m  2 


532 


INDEX 


396,  399,  445  n,  450-7,  404,  ii  15  n. 
101,  120,  127,  200,  206,  224,  281, 
807. 

'  Jesuitesses.'     See  Ward,  Mary. 

Jewel,  John,  his  Apologia  pro  Ecclesia 
Anglicana,  distributed  by  HW  in 
Venice,  i  90,  417  ;  his  Enchiridion,  ii 
252. 

Jews,  edicts  in  Rome  concerning  (1592\ 
i  275,  286. 

Joachim,  Albert,  of  Ter-goes,  ii  71,  74. 

Job,  i  173,  ii  200. 

John,  of  Florence.     See  Giovanni. 

Johnson.     See  Fawkes. 

Johnson,  Dr.  Samson,  ii  470. 

Johnson,  Samuel,  ii  205  n. 

Johnson,  Thomas,  HW's  letter  to,  ii 
365-6,  452. 

Johnston,  John,  head  of  a  college  at 
Heidelberg,  i  11,  233-5. 

Joinville.     See  Guise. 

Jones,  Mr.,  of  Windsor  ii,  387. 

Jones,  Inigo  i,  159-6. 

Jones,  Thomas,  Bp.  of  Meath,  preaches 
at  Essex's  assumption  of  command 
in  Dublin,  i  307. 

Jonson,  Ben,  tells  Drummond  about 
HW,i  42  ;— 13,  16,  130,  164  n,  408  n, 
414  n,  ii  10  n,  37  n,  79  n,  105  n, 
130  n,  306  n. 

Joyeuse,  Francis  de,  Card.,  sent  by 
Henry  IV  to  settle  quarrel  with 
Pope,  i  84,  375,  377  ;  HW's  remarks 
on,  376 ;  HW's  reasons  for  not  visit- 
ing, 377-8  ;  his  negotiations,  379  ; 
goes  to  Rome,  384  ;  returns,  386 ; 
receives  criminals,  390  ;  revokes 
censures,  85,  387,  390-1. 

Jubert,  Claude  de,  visits  HW,  i  495. 

Jugurthine  War,  ii  150  n. 

Juliers  (Julich),  Leopold  driven  from, 
i  135  ;  occupied  by  Dutch  troops,  135, 
ii  60  ;  negotiations  about  withdrawal 
of  troops,  i  134  n,  136,  139,  ii  44,  45  n, 
77  ;  about  possession  of,  56-7,  84  n  ; — 
62,  251  n,  345. 

Juliers-Cleves  controversv,  the,  i  134- 
43,  179,  193,  455,  467,  490,  ii  43-62, 
65,  73-5,  77-9,  81-5,  492  n. 

Julio,  Roman  coin,  i  276. 

Julius  II,  Pope,  ii  251  n. 

Junius  (Du  Jon),  Francois,  i  13, 
233-5,  240. 

Junius.  Melchior,  Casaubon's  letter  to. 
about  HW,  i  25. 

Jupiter,    satellites    of,    discovered  by 

Galileo,  i  107,  486. 
Jurea,  ii  498-9. 
Juvenal,  quoted  ii,  189. 
Juxon,  William,   Bishop  of  London, 
becomes    Lord   Treasurer,    ii    236  n, 
354   n  ;      HW    describes    to    Q.    of 
Bohemia,  362-3  ;   kindness  to   HW, 
375 ;  letters  of  HW  to,  i  208,  ii  354, 


363,  452;  HW's  bequest  to.  i  217;— 
ii  236  n. 

Keire,  Mr.,  ii  143. 
Kelser,  Father,  ii  209. 
Kenilworth,    Sir   Robert    Dudley   de- 
prived of,  i  373  n. 
Kennow,  i  246. 
Kent,  HW  re-visits,  i  222,  ii  19,  277  n, 

312,  320,  326-8,  330,  383  n,  394,  408- 

9 ;— i  2  n,  3,  48,  57,  118  n,  215,  221, 

228  n,  445  n,  506.  ii  22,  29,  361,  384  n, 

390  n,  391  n,  406,  476. 
Kepler,     John,     shows    HW     Camera 

Obscura,  i    171,    197,  ii   205-6  ;    HW 

invites  to  England,  i  171-2,  ii  205  n, 

letter  of,  205  n. 
Ker,  Henry,  Lord,  turns  Covenanter,  ii 

408. 
Ker,  Sir  Robert.     See  Ancrum. 
Kerckoven,  Catherine,  Lady  Stanhope 

and  Countess  of  Chesterfield  (Catherine 

Wottori),  marries    Lord    Stanhope,   ii 

312  n  ;—  312,  322,  326-8,  412. 
Kerckoven,  John  Polyander  a,  marries 

Catherine  Wotton,  ii  312  n. 
Kerrey,  ii  359. 
Ketler,  Col.,  ii  57. 
Kevet.     See  Knevett. 
Keyes,  Sir  John,  ii  24. 
Kiddlesworth  Hall,  i  318  n. 
Kildare,  William,  E.  of,  drowned  on 

voyage  to  Ireland,  i  307. 
Killigrew,  Sir  Henry,  his  marriage,  i 

259. 
Killigrew,  Sir  Robt.,  imprisonment  of, 

ii  22-4. 
Kilmore,   Bedell,  Bishop  of,  i  378  n, 

ii  463. 
Kinalmeaky,  Viscount  Boyle  of.     See 

Boyle,  Visct. 
King,  Henry,  Dean   of  Rochester,   ii 

405,  469,  479. 
Kinsale,  battle  of,  i  316  n. 
Kirby  Hall,  ii  111  n. 
Klesel,  Card.,  ii  94,  156,  168,  245  n. 
Kloster   Neuberg,    HW   at,   i   172,   ii 

190  n. 
Knebworth.  i  477  n. 
Knevett,   Sir   George,  ii  322,   325  n, 

326. 

Knole  Park,  MS.  at,  i  175. 
|   Knowls,  Lord.     See  Banbury. 
>   Koran,  MS.  copy  presented  by  HW  to 

Bodleian,  ii  347  n. 
Kreckwitz,    Imperial    ambassador    to 

the  Porte,  i  261,  268. 

Lacedaemonians,  the,  ii  112  n,  268. 

Lagny,  captured  by  Parma,  i  245  n; 
recaptured  by  Henry  IV,  254  n. 

Lake,  Sir  Thomas,  appointed  Secretary, 
ii  121  n ;  suggests  that  HW  is  un- 
friendly to  Venice,  i  158,  ii  121  n ; 


' 


INDEX 


533 


disgrace  of,   i  165,  ii  121  n,  166-7  ; 

daughter  marries  Lord  Roos,  127  n  ; 

letters   to,    168,    176;    HW's    letters 

to.  i  161,  ii  121,   122  n,  121-32,  189, 

152  n,  439-42. 
Lamb,  Charles,  i  224. 
Lambecius,  i  485  n. 
Lancaster,  i  506  n. 
Landgrave,     >'<<  Hes>e. 
lendo,    'new'   family    <>f    Venice,    ii 

186  q. 
Eando,  Girolamo,  Veil,  ambassador  in 

England,  ii    222;    H\V    visits,   180; 

instructed  to   declare    innocence    of 

Lady  Arundel,  i  186-8  ;  report  about 

HW,  188. 
bndsciott,  Federigo,  spy  on  Salvetti, 

letters  from,  i  36  n. 
Lane,  — ,  imprisoned  in  Rome,  i  1 1". 
Lang,  Mr.  Andrew,  his   book  on  the 

Gowrie  Conspiracy,  i  458  n. 
Langlade,  — ,  and  plot  of  1618,  i  157. 
Ksnguet,  Hubert,  i  21  ;  meets  Philip 

Sidney,  12. 
La     Nowe,    Francois     de,    Possevino 

writes  against,  i  291. 
Lans,  Marchese  di,    receives   H\V    at 

Chambery,  ii  5-6. 
Lanz.     See  Lans. 
Lashe,  George,  witness  to  HW's  will. 

i  219. 
Laud,    William.  Abp.,  acts  as  Visitor 

to  Eton,  ii  367  n,  368;  report  on  HW 

as  Provost,  i  210 ;  HW's  bequest  to, 

i  217  ;  HW's  letters  to,  ii  366-8,  398, 

452-3  ;— 181  n,  351  n,  354  n,  408. 
Lauria,  Vincenzo,  Card.,  i  296  n. 
Lauro,  Giacomo,  his  Antkhita  di  Roma, 

ii  186. 
Lausanne,  ii  464. 
Law.  Roman,  study  of,  at  Oxford,  i  6, 

9  ;    compared   with   Germany,    234  ; 

Bartolist  and  Humanist,  schools  of, 

10. 
Lawes,  Henry,  his   edition   of   Comus 

sent  to  HW,  i  381  n. 
Lecluse,  Charles  (Clnsius),  HW  meets, 

i  12  :  gives  HW  a  letter  to  Pinelli, 

18  ;  letters  from,  246,  297  ;  letter  to, 

865  n  ;    letters  sent  to   address   of, 

266. 
Lee,  Mr.  Sidney,  his  life  of  HW  in 

D.X.B.,  i  xiii,  131  n,  ii  456. 
Leeds  Castle,  ii  390  n. 
Leek.  Sir  Francis,  ii  328  n. 
Leek,     Lady,     marries     Sir     Gervase 

Clifton,  ii  328  n. 
Leete,  Giles,  ii  471. 
Leete,  Margaret,  ii  471. 
Leete,  William,  HW's  steward  (1616), 

i    115    n  ;    arrest  of,    161,   ii  144-5; 

death   of,  i  179,  ii  219;    note  on,  ii 

171  ;    letters    from,    quoted,    i  58,    ii 

111  n,  145  n,  157n,  469  70,  ISO. 


Leghorn,     II W     visits,     i    289;    Cecil 

writes    to    English    merchanta   at, 

about  HW,  i  99,  888  n  ;  the  UmxhoHi 
Royal  si,  888  a  :   English  pri 

387-8. 

Legnano,  i  486  n. 
Leicester,  Robert  Dudley,  1st  E.  of,  i 

238,  869,  868.  373  n. 
Leiden.  See  Leyden. 
Leigh,   HW  sails  from,   (1599)    i    1", 

228-9. 
Leith,  HW  at,  i  12  n,  ii  252  n. 
Leman  Lake,  the,  ii  96. 
Lemberg,  Bp.  of,  ii  98. 
Lemos,  Count  of,  Viceroy  of  Sicilv,  i 

369,  ii  482. 
Lenk,  Johann  Baptist,  agent  in  Venice 

for  Protestant  Union,  i  99,  480  n. 
Lennox,  2nd  D.  of.     See  Richmond. 
Lennox,   Esnie  Stuart,   3rd    D.  of,  ii 

336  n. 
Lenoncourt,     Philippe     de,    Card.,     i 

296  n. 
Lentulo,  Paolo,  writes  to  HW,  i  304, 

305. 

Lentulo,  Scipione,  i  300,  304  n. 
Leo  XI,  Pope,  i  325  n,    329,   333,    ii 

491. 
Leon,  M.  de.     See  Bruslart. 
Leopold,      Archduke,      driven      from 

Juliers,    il35;     HW    visits,    (1020, 

193,  ii  182,  184-7,  203;  Governor  of 

the  Tyrol,  i  180 ;  attacks  Grisons,  ii 

245. 
Leopoli.     See  Lemberg. 
Lepanto,   battle  of,   i  52,  ii   133,    141, 

155. 
Lepidus,  Marcus  Aemilius,  ii  395. 
Lepington.     See  Monmouth. 
Lerma,    Duke   of,  i    148,    355  n,   369, 

385  n. 
Lesdiguieres,  Due  de,  ii  96. 
Le  Sieur,  Sir  Stephen,  English  envoy 

to  Florence  (1608\  i  387  n,  415.    184, 

445. 
Lesina,  ii  112,  463. 
Lesina,  Bishop  of,  ii  159  n. 
Leukonar.     See  Lewknor. 
Levant,  the,  i  73,  150,  414,  ii  108,  111, 

197,  471. 
Levant     Company,     the     English,      i 

72. 
Levenstein,      Countess     of     (Elizabeth 

Dudley),  ii  91,  324,  349. 
Levi,  Signora  Eugenia,  i  398. 
Levistain.     See  Levenstein. 
Lewes,  ii  360-1,  500  n. 
Lewknor,  Sir  Lewis,  ii  85. 
Leyden,  HW  at,  i  26  :  —  25.  216  n.  ii 

70  n,  79,  324,  326,  349. 
Lichefield.     See  Lichfield. 
Lichfield,     Edward,     imprisoned     at 


Bologna,    i 
457  n. 


be  omes    Jesuit, 


534 


INDEX 


Lichtenstein,  John  SjptimiusFreiherr 

von,  i  262,  263  n. 

Licklama,  — ,  visits  HW  with  Barnc- 

veldt,  ii  71. 
Liefland,  i  270. 
Liege,  i  192;  Mary  Ward's  order  at,  ii 

283. 
Ligorno.     See  Leghorn. 
Limerick,  i  310  n. 
Lincoln,  Bp.  of.    See  Williams. 
Lincolnshire,  ii  318,  salt  marshes  in, 

granted  to  HW,  ii  105  n,  130  n. 
Lindsay,    Bernard,   ii    215;    informs 

James  VI  of  HW's  arrival,  i  41. 
Lindsay,  David,  i  41  n. 
Lindsay,  Sir  James,  sent  bv  James  I 

to   Kome,    i   320-2,    333;    his    letter 

about  HW,  321  n. 
Lindsay,  Jeremy,  i  41  n. 
Lindsay,  Thomas,  ii  215. 
Lingelsheim,  George,  acquaintance  of 

HW's  at   Heidelberg,   i   300;    letter 

•about  HW,  428  n. 
Lintz,  HW  meets  Kepler  at,  i  171,  ii 

205  ;— i  244,  ii  188,  190. 
Lio,   Roberto,    Venetian    resident    in 

Florence,  i  392. 
Lionello,  Ven.  Sec.    in    England,  his 

report    about    HW,    i    158-9,    163  ; 

invites  HW   and   Lady  Arundel    to 

Collegio,  187. 
Lions.     See  Lyons. 
Lipsius,  Justus,  ill. 
Liques,  David  de,  brings  HW   letter 

from  Duplessis-Mornay,  i  92,  436  n. 
Lisbon,  ii  255. 
Lisle,  Visct.,  ii  58  n. 
Lister,  Lawrence,  elected  from   Eton 

to  King's  College,  ii  350. 
Lister,  Sir  Mattbew,  accompanies  Lord 

Cranborne  to  Italy,  i  501  ;  letters  of, 

quoted,  501  n. 
Lister,  Sir  Wm.,  ii  350  n. 
Litton.     See  Lytton. 
Livy,  quoted,  ii  370,  375  n. 
Llanfihangel,  Anglesea,  ii  480. 
Lloyd,  David,  ii  466. 
Locke,  John,  i  87. 
Lodes,  M.  de,  ii  5. 
Loire,  the,  i  502. 
Lomax,  Mr.,  tutor  to  Lord  St.  John, 

i  428,  ii  473. 
Lombard,   Peter,   Primate  of  Ireland, 

i  334,  429-30. 
Lombardelli,  Orazio,  of  Siena,  writes 

book  to  help  Wotton  in  his  study  of 

Italian,  i  22,  ii  484. 
Lombards,  the,  i  196. 
Lombardy,    HW     in,    (1593)    i    297, 

(1611 )  i  503  n  ;— i  70  n,  326.  433,  ii  26, 

128,  131,  246. 
London,     HW     in,     (1589)  i    227-9, 

(1594  1600)29-30,34,  306,310,  (1604) 

45,      (1611-14)      116-9.       124.      145. 


ii  7-41,  (1616)  87,  (1623-4)  i  192, 
201,  (1625-39)  210,  212,  ii  320,  337, 
342,  345,  350-2,  355,  357,  407,  469  ; 
Bishop  of,  see  Ravis,  Juxon  ;  Corpora- 
tion of,  343  ;— i  32,  105  n,  281  n, 
297,  302  n,  319  n,  320  n,  331,  363,  408, 
415,  452,  491,  492  n,  496,  498  n, 
ii  11,  16,  20,  22,  32,  76  n,  78  n,  81, 
92,  120,  255,  264,  287  n,  288,  303, 
306,  312,  321,  327,  331,  353,  374-5, 
378-9,  383  n,  388,  391,  394,  401,  103, 
408-9,  492. 
Abchurch  Lane,  i  232,  235  ;  Bank- 
side,  tbe,  ii  32-3  ;  Bishopsgate  Street, 
393  ;  Black  Friars,  i  118  n  ;  Bow 
Lane,  227-8 ;  Bridewell,  ii  14  ; 
Chancery  Lane,  369  n  ;  Charing 
Cross,  27 ;  Cheapside,  468 ;  Clink 
Prison,  i  30;  Essex  Hous?,  32  n, 
ii  492  n  ;  Exchange,  the,  490  ;  Fleet 
Prison,  22-3,  28,  461-2  ;  Fleet 
Street,  369  n  ;  Friday  Street,  i 
380  n  ;  Gatehouse,  the,  ii  351,  463 ; 
Globe  Theatre,  burning  of.  described 
by  HW,  i  131,  ii  32-3  ;  Green  Dragon, 
the,  Bishopsgate  Street,  393  ;  Hay- 
market,  340  n  ;  Hyde  Park,  340  ; 
Inner  Temple,  476  ;  Kensington, 
339;  King  Street,  296;  HW's  lodg- 
ings in,  i  117,  ii  14,  85-6  ;  Knights- 
bridge,  340  ;  Lambeth  Palace,  i  149, 
ii  285  n  ;  Lincoln's  Inn,  i  338  n  ; 
Lombard  Street,  ii  346,  407  ;  Mar- 
shalsea.  28  ;  Medleys',  306-7  ;  Mid- 
dle Temple,  480  ;  HW  enters,  i 
29  ;  Newgate,  231  ;  Panton  Street, 
ii  340  n  ;  Piccadilly  Hall,  340  ; 
Prince  of  Orange  Inn,  340 ;  Public 
Record  Office,  MS.  of  HW  in.  i  vi. 
xiv  ;  MSS.  in,  39,  57,  65,  217,  231  n  ; 
Read  Cross  Street,  see  Red  Cross ; 
Red  Cross  Street,  227  ;  Rolls,  the, 
ii  319,  337;  St.  Bartholomew"*,  44, 
343  ;  St.  Martin's  Lane,  353 ;  HW's 
lodgings  in,  27,  336-7,  342  ;  HW 
arrested  in,  351  ;  St.  Paul's,  249, 
378;  St.  Paul's,  Dean  of,  see  Donne; 
Savoy,  the,  De  Dominis  Master  of, 
i  149  ;  HW  asks  for  Mastership  of, 
205,  221,  ii  397;  Shoe  Lane,  345; 
Snow  Hill,  365 ;  Somerset  House, 
HW's  will  in,  i  219  n;  Southwark, 
ii  343  ;  Spring  Gardens,  339  :  Star 
Chamber,  the,  23  ;  Strand,  the,  ii 
407  ;  Tower,  the,  i  120,  189  ;  ii  19, 
21.  23-4,  28,  38,39  n,  169  n,  341,  379  n, 
403  ;  Wallingford  House,  316,  351  ; 
—Westminster,  i  117,  ii  8,  14,  290, 
292,  320,  351  ;  St.  Margaret's.  462, 
465;  Westminster  Hall,  490  ;  West- 
minster School,  303,  330 ;  White* 
friars.  13;  Whitehall,  i  117,  121  n, 
210,  469  n,  ii  30.  35,  292.  464;  York 
House,  201  n. 


INDEX 


535 


Ipndonderry,  ii  348  n. 

Lopez,  Roderigo,  supposed  plot  of, 
ii  456. 

Loredan,    '  new  '    family    of    V< 
ii  135  n. 

L«>n  ilano,  Abbot  of  Vangadizza,  i  446. 

Loretto,  i  287,  418,  477,  ii  250  n,  269. 

Lorkin,  Thomas,  letters  of,  ii  47  n, 
129  n. 

Lome,  Lord,  i  189  n. 

Lorraine,  HW  travels  through,  (1604) 
i  820,  U620)  ii  182-5  ;  Louis,  Cardinal 
of.  i  256  n ;  Charles  III,  D.  of,  381  n  ; 
Charles  IV,  ii  395;  Christine  of. 
299 :  Henri  II,  D.  of,  HW  visits. 
1 82  5  ;  Princess  Nicole  of,  183 ; 
K.  n.>  II,  D.  of,  182  n  ;— i  40,  208  n, 
865  n,  372,  ii  246  n. 

ijotich,  Johann  Peter,  poems  of,  at 
Eton,  i  165  n. 

Lotich.  Peter,  105  n. 

Lotto,  Tuscan  agent  in  England,  i  388n. 

Louis  V,  Emperor,  ii  168,  176. 

Louis  XIII,  K.  of  France,  his  legiti- 
macy, i  853  n  ;  his  marriage,  ii  4  n, 
52  ;  HW  received  by,  i  116,  502  ;  and 
Juliers-Cleves  controversy,  ii  42,  45, 
47,  52,  54-5;  proposed  promise  to, 
about  treaty  of  Xanten,  i  141-2,  ii  74  n, 
78  n,  80  ;  suggested  omission  of  his 
name,  i  141-2,  ii  82  3,  84  n;  sends 
ambassadors  to  Vienna,  i  169,  172, 
191  n;  and  Valtelline,  179-80.  192, 
ii  216,  239,  244,  246,  268,  271  ;  engage- 
ment with  Savoy  and  Venice,  227-8, 
244  n.  251,  259;  league  with,  244  n. 
2<>5-t>;  war  with  England.  303,  313, 
823  ;— 105,  113,  245  n,  339  n,  359, 
995,  399  n. 

Louis  XIV,  birth  of.  ii  390  n. 

Louisa  Juliana,  wile  of  Frederick  IV, 
Palatine  Elector,  ii  89  n,  90. 

Louvain,  i  145,  ii  92-3,  110. 

Lovan.     See  Louvain. 

Lovelace,  — ,  milliner,  i  508. 

Lovell,  Lady,  i  445-0,  ii  224. 

Lovell,  Sir  Robert,  i  445  n,  446. 

Lover's  Progress,  John  Fletcher,  ii  275  n. 

Low  Countries,  HW  travels  through, 
(1594)  i  25,  298,  (1612)  123;  his  ac- 
quaintances in,  301  ;  the  sovereignty 
of,  416  ;  HW's  Discourse  on,  ii  414  ;  see 
United  Provinces  ; — i  ix,  10,  43  n. 
58,  0:5,  152,  154,  245,  284,  297,  316. 
820,  826,  846,  881,  441  n,  ii  160,  170, 
193,  224,  343,  368,  399  n,  455,  498. 
Low  Provinces.  See  Low  Countries. 
Loyola,     Ignatius,     canonization      of, 

ii  212. 
Luean,  quoted,  ii  200,  206, 
Lucca,  MSS.  at,  i  vi, 34-5,  30  n,  I'M  :i. 
102  n;    HW  visits,  (1592)  289 ;    the 
Republic  of,  attempts  to  kill  Salwtti. 
85-6,    89;    negotiates    with    HW   for 


kidnapping   of    Bahrein,    1 

401-3,  ii  478  ;— i  280,  8  171. 

195. 

Luccln  /ini.  Jteopo,  Lucchese  assassin 

sent  to  Paris  to  murder  Snlvotti,  i 
Luciliu-,  ii  ■•;•_'  I. 
Lucky  Eliztii'-'i'i.  the,  i  821  n. 
Ludlow  Castle,  ii  381  n. 
Ludovisio,  Alessandro,  Cardinal.     Sec 

Gregory  XV. 
Ludovisio,  Ludovico,  Cardinal,  ii  1 

286  M.  268,  278,  876,  872. 
Lumley,  Percival,  mutineer,  ii  153  n. 
Luniburge,  letters  dated  at,  ii  .!.   t. 
Luther,  Sarpi  compared    witb,  i   191, 

400,  ii  260  ;   HW's  proposed   life  of, 

i  205  ;  his  Table  Talk,  ii  463. 
Lutherans.     See  Religion. 
Luynes,  Due  de,  ii  113  n. 
Luzzati,  Isaaco,  HW  hires  furniture 

from,  i  501  n,  502. 
Lydiard  Tregoze,  Wilts,  i  396  n. 
Lyon,  Anne,    HW's   examination    of, 

i  209,  ii  290-3,  295-6. 
Lyon,  Sir  Thomas,  land   of  Auldbar, 

Master  of  Glamis,  ii  290-2,  295. 
Lyons,  HW  at,  (1601)  i  36,  (1612)  120, 

it  1  n,  8-5  ;— i  245,  253  n,  373  n,  381, 

153,  ii  251,  475. 
Lyster.     See  Lister. 
j  Lythe.     See  Leith. 
j   Lytton,  Sir  Rowland,  i  477. 
:   Lytton,  Sir  William,  in  Italy,  477-8, 

ii  470. 

'   Maas,  the,  i  245  n,  ii  84,  345. 
Mac  Cowley,  Ever,  i  34. 
Mac  Giure,  i  34. 
Mac  Gonnis,  Carmoc,  i  84. 
!    Machiavelli,  i  281,  291  n,  ii  491  n. 
McMahon,  Con  McColl,  i  308  n. 
McMahons,  the,  i  308. 
!    Macrobius.     See  Marcombes. 
Mad  re  de  Dios,  captured   by  Raleigh's 

fleet,  i  295. 
Madrid,  i  181,  ii  210;  treaty  of,  (1617) 

i  152,  ii  121  n,  239;  treaty  of,  (1621) 

i  179-80,  ii  214,  221 ;  treaty  of,  (1630) 

ii  313  u. 

Madruzzi,  Card.,  i  278,  ii  94. 
Maese.     See  Maas. 
Maestricht,  ii  320,  841  n. 
Magellan  Straits,  the,  ii  346. 
Maggio,     Sig.,    secretary    to     French 

ambassador,  ii  105. 
Maguire,  Sir  Hugh,  i  308  n. 
Maguires,  the,  i  308. 
1    Mahomet,  i  231,  ii  19.">. 
Mainwaring,    Sir    Henry,    ii    146   n  ; 

letter  about  poem  of  HW,  i  170;   in 

Venice,    ii    101    n;    carries   letter   to 

Zouche,  161-2;  note  on,  471-2. 

Mahunocco,  i  -">97. 

Malcontents,  the,  i  280. 


536 


INDEX 


Malipicro,  'new'  family  of  Venice, 
ii  135  n. 

Mallary,  Thomas,  HW  meets  in  Stade, 
i230. 

Malta,  ii  498. 

Maltravers,  Lord,  HW  presents  to 
Doge,  ii  240 ;  death  of,  ii  240  n. 

Manchester,  Henry  Montague,  1st  E. 
of,  i  351  n. 

Mancicidor,  Don  Juan  de,  ii  65. 

Manfredi,  Fulgenzio,  preacher  against 
Papacy,  i  448 ;  flies  to  Rome,  443, 
ii  229 ;  arrested,  i  488 ;  burnt  for 
heresy,  448  n,  496 ;  mention  of,  in 
Table  Talk,  ii  490,  496-7. 

Mango,  lutes  of,  ii  119. 

Mani,  Marc'  Antonio,  HW  addressed 
as,  i  442  n. 

Manilius,  quoted,  ii  189. 

Mannering  (George  ?),  in  service  of 
Sir  A.  Sherley,  i  242. 

Mannheim,  ii  248. 

Mansfeld,  Count  Charles,  i  229. 

Mansfeld,  Count  Ernest,  in  Upper 
Palatinate,  i  181 ;  appointed  General 
of  Venetian  troops,  182,  ii  227,  238 ; 
Frederick  V  joins,  237  n ;  dismisses, 
i  183;  reported  defeat  of,  ii  246; 
enters  Dutch  service,  246  n  ;  goes  to 
France,  276;— i  175  n,  ii  180  n,  223, 
248,  251  n,  273. 

Mansfeld,  Count  Peter  Ernest,  i  229  n. 

Mansfield,  Sir  Robert.     See  Mansell. 

Mansell,  Sir  Robert,  arrest  and  trial  of, 
ii  27-31. 

Manso,  J. ,  Baptist,  i  20. 

Mantua,  i  60.  144.  287,  355.  423,  426. 
ii  158,  210  n,  271,  476-7,  494  :— 
Vincenzo  I,  D.  of,  i  342,  355  n,  ii  26, 
271  ;  Francesco  V,  i  426,  ii  26 ;  Ferdi- 
nando  I,  26,  104  n,  269-71  ;  Vincenzo 
II,  103  n  ;  Charles  (Due  de  Nevers), 
i  441,  ii  246;  Catherine,  Duchess  of, 
269-71 ;  Margaret,  Princess  of,  i  426, 
ii  26. 

Mantuan  succession,  war  of,  ii  318  9. 
331. 

Mar,  John,  7th  E.  of,  i  41  n,  335  n. 

Marano,  ii  131. 

Marca  d'Aiicona,  ii  246. 

Marcello,  '  new '  family  of  Venice, 
ii  135  n. 

Marchesini,  Giovanni  Francesco,  Vene- 
tian resident  in  Milan,  i  504  n. 

Marck,  ii  56-7. 

Marcombes,  M.,  tutor  to  Lord  Cork's 
sons,  ii  356-9. 

Maria,  Infanta  of  Spain,  proposed 
marriage  to  Charles  I.     See  Charles  I. 

Maria  Madelina,  sister  of  Ferdinand 
II,  her  marriage  to  Prince  Cosmo  of 
Tuscany,  i  426,  434,  ii  496. 

Marie  de'  Medici,  Q.  of  France,  her 
marriage  to  Henry  IV.  i  36,   291  n ; 


HW  received  by,  116,  502;  anxious 
for  peace  (1616),  148  ;  influence  on 
Paul  V,  ii  106-7 ;  escapes  to  the  Hague, 
390  ;  comes  to  England,  390  n  ;  her 
manifesto,  399  ;  — i  125,  291.  ii  26.  17, 
84  n,  113  n. 

Marlborough,  ii  3  n. 

Marne,  the,  ii  182. 

Marseilles,  i  289,  ii  251,  3>2. 

Marsiglio,  Giovanni,  i  95,  419  n. 

Marsilia.     See  Marseilles. 

Marston  Moor,  battle  of,  ii  340  n. 

Marta,  Dr.,  ii  101  n  ;  plan  for  sending 
Greek  bishops  to  England,  97-9 ; 
HW  pays,  141 ;  biographical  note, 
472-3 ;  letters  of,  104  n. 

Martha,  the,  HW  sends  pictures  from 
Venice  by,  i  419. 

Martial,  quoted,  i  313,490,  ii  201. 

Martin,  Richard,  introduces  Corvate 
to  HW,  i  60  n. 

Martinengo,  ii  213. 

Martinitz,  Jaro^lav  von,  '  defenestra- 
tion' of,  at  Prague,  i  160,  ii  158  n  ; 
goes  to  Passau,  197,  199. 

Marvell,  Andrew,  i  221. 

Mary  I,  Q.  of  England,  i  2,  46  n. 

Mary  Q.  of  Scots,  i  13,  21,  ii  169,  182  n, 
455,  482. 

Mary  of  Guise,  ii  182  n. 

Mason, — ,  ii,  336. 

Mason,  Charles,  scholar  of  King's 
College,  ii  331  n. 

Massa,  Daniele  da.Lucchese  spy,  i  87  n. 
38  n,  39,  ii  481. 

Massaciucioli.  M.,  HW's  letters  to,  ii 
424-5. 

Massinger,  Philip,  ii  10  n,  333  n. 

Matthew,  Tobie,  Archbishop  of  York, 
i  395  n,  396. 

Matthew,  Sir  Tobie,  becomes  Roman 
Catholic,  i  395  -6  ;  in  Florence,  434-5  ; 
goes  to  Spain,  477  ;  at  Wesel,  ii  58. 

Matthias,  Archduke,  afterwards  Em- 
peror, at  Vienna  1590).  i  214-5,  268  n, 
270;  quarrels  Math  Rudolf  II,  417, 
507  ;  becomes  Emperor,  ii  6  n  ;  re- 
ported death  of,  45  ;  proposed  promise 
to,  about  treaty  of  Xanten,  i  111,  ii 
65,  82  n  ;  sends  envoy  to  Xanten,  58  ; 
his  anxiety  for  peace,  i  148 ;  HW 
appointed  ambassador  to,  ii  165  ;  ap- 
pointment cancelled,  165  n  :  death,  i 
167,  ii  45  n,  140  n,  166,  168  n,  i  148 ; 
— ii  15-6,  45  n,  48  n,  94. 

Mattioli,  Pietro  Andrea,  his  Dioscoride, 
i  217,  ii  486. 

Maurice,  Count,  of  Nassau.    See  Orange. 

Maurier,  Aubrey  du,  French  ambassador 
at  the  Hague,  ;  HW's  negotiations 
with,  i  136,  ii  41,  49,  71,  82-4  ;  goes 
to  arrange  truce,  50-1  ;  joins  HW  at 
Wesel,  53  ;  at  Xanten,  65  ;  leave- 
Xanten,  61. 


INDEX 


537 


Haurier,  Louis  Aubery  <Iu,  ii  14  n. 
jjfanrolico,  Francesco,  his  Coamogn 
ii  186. 

Maw.-,  game  of,  i  273. 

Maximilian  I,  Emperor,  i  2»><;,   ii    196. 

Maximilian    II,     Emporor,    i    244    n, 

246  n,  247  n,  249  n,  253,  267. 
Maximilian  I.  D.  of  Bavaria,  Frederick 

V    visits,    ii    140,    175;    HW    visit.. 

(1619)  i  165,  ii  174-6  ;  HW  accredited 

to,  U620)  188,  190, 197 ;  invades  Upper 

Austria,  i  171,  ii  205  n,  209  ;  Bohemia, 

i    168,   178  :    HW   visits,    i    174-6,  ii 

2".    '.),  231  ;  transference  of  Electorate 

to,  i  168,  175,  183,  ii  223  n,  224-5;— 

i  ix,  135,  ii  193,  348. 
Maximilian,  Archduke,  i  249,  251.  260, 

268,    268    n  ;     visits    Rome,    276-8  ; 

Governor  of  the  Tyrol,  3'.>~>. 
May.  imo,    Due     de,    General    of    the 

forces  of  the  League,  i  246,  283. 
Hayerne,  Sir  Theodore  Turquet  de,  ii 

66,  464. 
ifayn.     .See  Mayenne. 
Mead,  Joseph,  letter  of,  ii  300  n. 
Meath,  Bishop  of.     See  Jones. 
Meautys.  Anne,  ii  204  n. 
Meautys,  Henrv,  ii  204  n. 
Meautvs,  John,  with  H  W,  (1620   i  170n, 

ii  207. 
Meautys,  Sir  Thomas,  ii  204. 
Mechelen.     See  Mechlin. 
Mechlin,  ii  389,  391. 
Mecklenburg,    Duke    of,    restored    by 

Gustavus  Adolphus,  ii  331. 
Medici,  Don  Giovanni  de",  i  316. 
Medici,     Isabella      de',     Duchess     of 

Bracciano,  i  285  n. 
Medici,  Don  Pietro  de',  i  296. 
Mediterranean,  England  as  force  in,  i 

154. 
Medouse,  Jacob,  Englishman  at  Heidel- 
berg, i  300  ;  Casaubon  writes  to.  about 

HW,  302-3. 
Mei,  Fabrizio,  Lucchese  spy,  i  123  n. 
Melanchthon,  HW  compares  Sarpi  to,  i 

191,  400,  ii  260. 
Memmo,   «  old '    family    of  Venice,    i 

434  n. 
Memmo,  Marc'  Antonio,  Doge,  XCI,  i 

344,  ii  135  n,  137. 
Mendouir.     See  Mendoza. 
Mendoza,  Cardinal,  i  291  n,  292. 
Mentz,  ii  31,  185  n. 
Menzo,  the,  ii  128. 
Meppen,  capture  of,  ii  401. 
Mercerius.     See  Mercier. 
Merchant    h'oyal,   the,    English  ship   in 

Tuscan  service,  i  338  n,  387  n. 
Mercier,  Jean,  i  237  n. 
Mercier  des  Bordes,  Josia>.  1 1  \V  enter- 
tains at  Oxford,    i  364,    L(:;7  :   meets 

at  Heidelberg,  287. 
ICerzena.  i  288. 


Mo8han>ki.      Sfi   Mart  iiiil/. 

Mespelbronn,    Julius     l>ht.  r    \<>n.     i 
846  n. 

Honing,  EH  raiii  of,  i  -587  n. 

Miani,  Marco,  ii  262. 

Mi.  auzio,  Fulgentio,  orFulgenzio,  Fra, 
reads  scriptures  with  Bedell,  i  87, 
899  n  ;  Bedell  declares  to  be  a 
Protectant,  88;  helpi  translate  Pre- 
munition,  466;  preaches  Protestant 
-1..  nines,  98,  102,  219  n,  447-9,  481, 
ii  178  ;  Paul  V's  remark  about,  i  1.1 
2  ;  letter  to  Do  Domini-,  ii  262  n  ;  pre- 
sent at  death  of  Sarpi,  259-60  ;  mitei 
Sarpi's  life,  i  150,  ii  478;  portrait- 
of,  in  England,  479; — i  91,  HI  u, 
496  n,  ii  99, 100  n,  101,171  n. 

Michael  Angelo  da  Buonarroti,  i  196, 

Michiel,  'old' family  of  Venice,  i  ».)1  n. 

Michiel,  Maffio,  Governor  of  Zante. 
executes  English  pirates,  i  322  n. 

Middleborough,  i  232,  ii  388  n. 

Middlesex,  Lionel  Cranfield,  1st  E.  of, 
Lord  Treasurer,  HW  sends  Elements  of 
Architecture  to,  i  199,  ii  285  ;  letter  to, 
285,  449;— i  201  n,  ii  230  n,  243  n, 
357. 

Middleton,  Robert,  ii  73  n,  74,  77-8. 

Middleton,  Thomas,  his  Game  of  Chess,  i 
201. 

Milan,  HW  in,  (1593)  i  22,  290,  297, 
300,  (1611)  114,  503  5,  (1612)  122-3  ; 
HW's  spies  in,  65,  359,372  ;  Rowland 
Woodward  sent  to,  325-8,  394,  ii  481  ; 
Tyrone  in,  i  70,  417  n,  418,  421,  429 ; 
Charles  Bushy  arrested  in,  399  n,  404, 
ii  478  ;  proposed  attack  on,  i  107,113, 
482,  487,  490;  Inquisition  in,  327, 
399  n,  404,  ii  462  :  S.  Fidele,  Jesuit 
College,  i  161,  ii  114-7;  Dukes  of, 
498  ;  Governors  of,  see  Fuentes, 
Toledo,  Castile,  Feria  ;-i  17,  50, 
101,  151,  180,  372,  395,  ii  26,  103  n, 
109,  115-7,  120,  124  n,  14i>,  153,  213, 
221,  246,  255,  271,  320,  345,  480. 

Milanese,  the.     See  Milan. 

Milain.     See  Milan. 

Milborne,  Cuthbert,  in  HW's  service. 
ii  59-60,  82. 

Miller,  Abraham,  English  adventurer 
in  Vienna,  i  270-1. 

Milton,  John,  sends  Cumus  to  HW,  i 
220,  ii  381,  382  n  ;  visits  HW,  i  220  ; 
HW's  letter  to,  22,  220-1,  ii  381-3, 
453,  465  ;  in  Italy,  i  18,  20 ;  at 
Geneva,  480  n  ;  Early  Poems,  197 ; 
Iycidas,  ii  381  n  ;  Ode  to  Rouse,  381  n  ; 
Comus,  HW  criticizes,  i  220,  ii  381 ; 
Defensio  Secunda,  i  220,  ii  383  n  ;— i  18, 
20. 

Minn,  Capt.,  ii  50. 

Miration-,  villa  near  Turin,  i  121   2, 

Mirandola,  Pico,  i  264. 

Mnisek.  FraneeMo.  Count  o£  ii  96 


538 


INDEX 


Mocenigo,  family  of,  i  449,  ii  135  n. 

Mocenigo,  Agostino,  ii  492. 

Mocenigo,  Giovanni,  Venetian  Am- 
bassador at  Rome  (1601),  i  38,  411-2, 
465. 

Mocenigo,  Leonardo,  Bp.  of  Ceneda,  i 
449. 

Mocenigo,  Leonardo,  exile  of,  ii  127- 
9,  142. 

Modena,  i  60,  223,  296  ;  Dukes  of,  ii 
498  ;  Alfonzo  d'Este,  D.  of,  i  426,  475 ; 
HW's  letter  to,  ii  421. 

Moldavia,  i  437,  ii  414.     See  Bogdan. 

Mole,  John,  tutor  of  Lord  Roos  ; 
H W  writes  to,  i  428  ;  imprisoned  in 
Rome,  71,  439  n,  439-40,  456,  ii 
111;  HW's  attempts  to  procure  re- 
lease of,  i  161,  442,  508,  ii,  126-7, 
256-7  ;  biographical  note,  ii  473. 

Molin,— ,  ii  498. 

Molin,  Nieolo,  Venetian  Ambassador 
in  England  ;  informed  by  Cecil  that 
HW  has  been  appointed  ambassador 
to  Venice,  45  ;  conducts  negotiations 
about  piracy,  73  ;  about  trade,  323  n, 
403  ;  returns  to  Venice,  323  n,  346  ; 
his  opinion  of  English  soldiers,  153  ; — 
i  319,  331,  433  n,  506  n. 

Molsheim,  ii  187  n;  HW  at,  184. 

Moluccas,  the,  i  153,  ii  76. 

Moluceos.     See  Moluccas. 

Mondovi,  ii  106. 

Mondovio,  Card.,  i  296. 

Monjoy,  Barony  of,  ii  57. 

Monkshorton,  Kent,  ii  478. 

Monmouth,  Robert  Carey,  1st  E.  of 
{Lord  Leppington),  ii  286  n,  287. 

Monplaisir,  M  de,  sent  by  Prince  de 
Joinville  to  Venice,  i  431. 

Montague,  Lady  Mary  Wortley,  her 
palace  in  Venice,  i  184  ;  quarrels  with 
English  envoy,  190. 

Montague,  Richard,  Bp.  of  Chichester, 
ii  304  n. 

Montague,  Walter,  ii  339. 

Montalto,  Alessandro  Peretti,  Card,  of, 
i  274,  429,  ii  272. 

Montauto,  Count  Asdrubale  di,  Tuscan 
resident  at  Venice  ;  his  character, 
and  relations  with  HW  and  other 
envoys  in  Venice,  i  62-3,  494  n, 
498  n,  ii  471  ;  secret  gift  of  money  to 
HW,  i  63,  338  n,  389  n  ;  HW  nego- 
tiates with,  387  n  ;  HW  remonstrates 
with,  about  English  galley-slaves  in 
Tuscan  fleet,  i  68  n  ;  his  doubts 
about  HW,  69  ;  letters  of,  xi,  374  n, 
388  n,  389  n,  494  n,  498  n,  ii  471  ;— 
i  40  n,  63  n,  392,  408,  437  n. 

Monte  Feltre,  ii  272. 

Monte  Fiascone,  Bp.  of,  Papal  Nuncio 
at  Venice,  ii  212,   217-8,   232-3,  242, 
271. 
Monte  Marciano.  D.  of,  i  286. 


Monte  Oliveto,  HW  at,  ii  379. 

Monteagle,  Wm.,  4th  Baron,  ii  489. 

Montecchio,  the,  fort  erected  by 
Fuentes  on,  i  236  n,  237  n. 

Montelparo,  Cardinal,  i  274. 

Montferrat,  i  441  n,  ii  499  ;  war  of, 
ii  144,  ii25-6,  94  n,  477. 

Montfilan,  Daniel  de,  ii  119  n. 

Montfort,  Simon  de,  ii  500. 

Montgomery,  E.  of.     See  Pembroke. 

Monti,  Gregorio  de',  Italian  Secretary 
toHW,  (1604)  i  48  n,  491,  498.  (1616 
149,  ii  145  n,  154,  472,  (1621)  i  177  ;  to 
Carleton,  ii  105,  160,  172,  219  ;  left  in 
charge  at  Venice,  (1619)  i  163,  ii  160, 
172  ;  his  pay,  105  ;  testimonial  from 
James  I  to,  172  ;  his  death,  i  179,  ii 
219,  221  ;  biograpbical  note,  ii  473-4. 

Moore,  — ,  English  captain,  meets  the 
pirate  Ward,  i  415. 

Moore,  Mr.,  ii  87,  101. 

Moravia,  i  166,  286,  414,  417,  507  n,  ii 
180  n,  198,  306. 

Moray,  Earl  of,  killed  by  Lord  Hunt- 
ley, i  285  n. 

Moresini,  the,  attacked  by  English 
pirates,  i  322  n. 

Morgan,  Marmaduke,  mutineer,  hang- 
ing of,  ii  153  n. 

Morgan,  Thomas,  ii  455. 

Morisini.     See  Morosini. 

Mormillian,  ii  5. 

Moro,  'new'  family  of  Venice,  ii 
135  n. 

Morosini,  'old'  family  of  Venice,  i 
434  n. 

Morosini,  Andrea,  ii  1;  meetings  at 
palace  of,  i  77  ;  his  History  of  Venice,  ii 
484. 

Morosini,  Michael,  Doge,  ii  135  n. 

Morosini,  Signer,  ambassador  at  the 
Hague,  ii  275. 

Morrison.  Alfred,  MSS.  in  possession 
of,  ii  114. 

Morton,  Sir  Albertus,  parentage,  i 
241 ;  accompanies  HW  to  Venice, 
48;  sent  to  England,  457;  HW  intro- 
duces to  Prince  Henry,  459 ;  to  Salis- 
bury, 460  ;  Sir  J.  Haiington  describes, 
459  n ;  brings  copies  of  Premonition, 
466;  leaves  Venice,  114;  sent  by 
HW  from  Paris,  503-5  ;  goes  to  Cam- 
bridge, 118  n  ;  to  Turin  with  HW, 
120;  sent  to  England,  122,  ii  6-7; 
returns,  i  123;  accident  to,  ii  27,  29; 
agent  at  Turin,  i  146,  ii  95  n,  477; 
accepts  pension  from  D.  of  Savoy,  i 
131,  132  n  ;  in  favour  with  Bucking- 
ham, ii  294;  Clerk  of  Council,  i 
131  n,  ii  30;  at  the  Hague,  83  ;  agent 
to  Union,  and  secretary  to  Elizabeth, 
i  145,  ii  91  n,  94,  294  n ;  wishes  fco  l»e 
Provost  of  Eton,  i  199 ;  appointed 
secretary.     209.     ii     1<»7    n,    286    q  . 


INDEX 


539 


:'<*>'■'>  n;  goes  to  Paris  and  the  Hague, 
286  n  ;  death  of,  i  33  n,  209,  ii  288, 
894,  811-2,  405;  HW's  poem  on,  i 
88  n.  209,  ii  415;  letters  of,  470-7; 
BWl  letters  to.  264-5,  286-7,  448-9; 
biographical  note,  47 4-<» ; — i  500  n,  ii 
82,  64  n,  118  n.  288,  899  n. 

Morton,  Albertus,  junr.,  executor  of 
II  Ws  will,  i  216,  ii  !<><>. 

Morton,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Sir  Albertus, 
ii  175;  HW's  epigram  on  i  209,  ii 
311,  415. 

Morton,  George,  HW's  half-brother,  i 
241,  ii  474. 

Morton,  Marv,  wife  of  George  Morton, 
i  241. 

Morton,  Robert,  1st  husband  of  Eleanor 
Wot t<>n.  i  8,  ii  474. 

Morton,  Sir  Robert,  i  216,  ii  64,  t"'.>. 

Morton,  Sir  Thomas,  ii  399,  403. 

Moryson,  Fynes,  his  Itinerary  and 
fare's  Europe,  i  10  ;  quoted,  17, 
230  n.  233  n,  234  n,  236  n,  244  n, 
279  n,  294  n. 

Moryson,  Sir  Richard,  i  47  n. 

Moscovia.     See  Muscovy. 

Mose,  the.     -Sec  Maas. 

Moseley,  Humphrey,  printer  of  Mil- 
ton's Poems,  ii  383  n. 

Moselle,  the.  ii  281. 

Mote,  the,  HW  visits  Lord  Finch  at, 
ii  390. 

Motley,  J.  L.,  i  139. 

Moulin,  Mons.,  ii  492. 

Mountford,  Dr.,  ii  476. 

Mountford,  Osbert,  carries  HW's 
dispatches  to  England,  ii  43 ;  drown- 
ing of,  64,  67 ;  letter  of,  43  n  ;  note  on, 
476. 

Movie,  Anne,  mother  of  Sir  A.  Sher- 
ley,  i  37  n. 

Moyle,  Catherine,  i  37  n. 

Mulheim,  ii  65  n. 

Mulzhaim.     See  Molsheim. 

Munich,  ii  224  n,  HW  at,  (1619)  i  165, 
ii  173-6.  (1620^  i  175-6,  ii  207  n. 

Murano,  i  59,  188,  316  n,  ii  119,  138, 
285. 

Murray,  Sir  David,  ii  50;  letter  of 
HW  to,  i  427,  ii  127. 

Murray,  Sir  Thomas,  Provost  of  Eton, 
i  199,  ii  397  n;  letter  of  HW  to, 
437. 

Muscorno,  Giulio,  brings  charges 
against  Foscaiini,  i  183 ;  imprison- 
ment of,  184. 

Muscow,  i  54,  270 ;  Emperor  of,  ii 
98. 

Mustafa,  Sultan,  ii  239. 

Mynne,  Sir  Henry,  ii  50. 

Nancy,  ii  184. 

Nani,  Agoetino,  Venetian  ambassador 
in  Rome,  i  849.  ii  195;  candidate  for 


Dogeship,  (Hiis  u  i:;t,  l :;.;•...  l  jj. 
(1623)  278. 

Nanton    Se  Nannton. 

Naples,  HW  visits,  i  19  l".  271-t,  276, 
300 ;  Tasso  at,  20 ;  George  Rooke  sent 
to,  69,  325,  328-9;  ii  478;  naval 
preparations  at,  i  155,  ii  170  n  :  Vice- 
roy of,  see  Ossuna ;— i  17, 50, 148, 152, 
157,  178,289  n,  140,  170 n,  449  n,  488, 
ii  127  n,  Ml',   194-5. 

Nasnf  Bassa,  ii  15-6. 

Nassau,  Count  Henry  <>f.     9m  Orange. 

Nassau,  Count  John  Ernest  of,  serves 
Charles  Emmanuel,  ii  79  n,  111  n  j 
brings  Dutch  troops  to  Venice,  i  158, 
ii  111,  113  n  ;  HW's  praise  of.  Ill  n. 

Nassau,  Count  Maurice  of.  See 
Orange. 

Nassau,  Count  William  Louis  of, 
ii  16,  47  n,  51. 

Nassau-Dietz,  Ernest  Casimir,  Count 
of,  ii  51  n  ;  Countess  of,  51. 

Naunton,  Sir  Robert,  appointed 
secretary,  ii  122  n,  143  ;  HW's  letters 
to,  i  164,  178,  ii  143-8,  151-3,  155-7, 
159-61,  165-73,  193-200,  212,  441-5, 
462;  De'  Monti  to,  ii  474  ;  letters  of, 
ii  150  n,  156,  161,  165,  196,  201-2;  — 
ii  166,  181,  190,  201. 

Navarre,  i  65  n. 

Neapolitans,  character  of,  ii  99. 

Negri,  Pietro,  Venetian  criminal, 
i  427  n. 

Neile,  Richard,  Archbishop  of  York, 
i  132. 

Nepos,  Cornelius,  quoted,  ii  408. 

Neptune,  ii  162,  235.     See  Nettuno. 

Nervesa,  Abbot  of.     SeeBrandolin. 

Netherlands,  Spanish,  i  230  n,  316  n, 
326,  416,  ii  344,  345  n,  389  n,  414.  156  ; 
Rulers,  see  Albert,  Isabella,  Fer- 
dinand ;  ambassadors  to  and  from, 
see  Ambassadors. 

Nethersole,  Sir  Francis,  English  agent 
at  Prague,  ii  191,  194,  202,  390,  470  ; 
letter  to,  i  210  n. 

Netterville,  Viset.,  ii  336  n. 

Nettlestead,  i  456. 

Nettuno,  HW  at,  i  272. 

Neuburg,  Philip  Louis,  Count  Palatine 
of,  HW  wishes  to  visit,  i  454  ;  claims 
Juliers-Cleves  inheritance,  135  ;  death 
of,  ii  55. 

Neuburg,   Wolfgang   William,    Count 
Palatine      of,     and      Juliers-Cleves, 
inheritance,    i    135,     138-9,     ii     48, 
50  n,    54-7,    65,    77  ;     letters    inter- 
cepted, 52  ;  visits  HW  with  Spinola, 
54  ;  signs  treaty,  59,  61-2  ;  write!  fee 
James    I,   67,  V.'.i :    H\\">  letter  t<>. 
ii  59,  435. 
Ni-uliaus,  ii  215. 
Neustadt,  i  14,  251.  262  n. 
Nevers,  Charles,  1>.  of    S*  Mantua. 


540 


INDEX 


Nevers,  Louis,  D.  of,  ii  497. 

Nevil,  Mr.,  at  Siena,  i  292-3. 

Neville,  Sir  Christopher,  ii  37-8. 

Neville,  Edmund,  ii  87. 

Neville,  Sir  Henry,  i  125,  ii  24. 

Neville,  Ralph,  ii  499. 

New  England,  ii  483. 

Newbury,     Humphrey,     steward     of, 

Windsor,  ii  367-8. 
Newcastle,  i  270,  ii  385  n. 
Newcastle,     Margaret,      Duchess     of, 

ii  2  n. 
Newcastle,    William    Cavendish,    1st 

D.  of,  goes  to  Turin  with  HW,  i  120, 

ii  2,  4. 
Newmarket,  i  70  n,  ii  317. 
Newmegen.     See  Nimeguen. 
Newnham     Paddox,     seat    of     E.    of 

Denbigh,  picture  at,  i    60,   ii   257  n. 
Newport,  i  338  n. 
Newton,    Mr.,    of    New    College,    his 

description  of  HW,  i  301  n. 
Newton,  Sir  Adam,  letter  from  Bedell 

to,  i  90,  ii  463  ;  HW  sends  triaca  to, 

i  427  ;  HW's  letter  to,  ii  7,  433  ;— i  459, 

497  n,  ii  323. 
Newtoni,  Foggo.     See  Newton. 
Nicholas.     See  Oudart. 
Nicholas,  V,  Pope,  ii  276. 
Nicholas,  Edward,  ii  395  n. 
Nicolson,    George,    English   agent    in 

Scotland,  writes  of  HW's  arrival  in 

Scotland,  i  41. 
Nimeguen,  ii  46  n,  71. 
Nisard,  Charles,  ii  479-80. 
Nocera,  i  432. 

Nombre  de  Dios,  Panama,  ii  78. 
Norfolk,  Thomas  Howard,   4th  D.  of, 

i259. 
Normandy,  i  245,  ii  182. 
Norremburghe.     See  Nuremberg. 
Norris,    Sir    Thomas,    puts    price    on 

head  of  Tyrone,  i  491  n. 
North,  Mr.,  i  170. 
North,  Dudlev,  3rd  Baron,  ii  17. 
North,  Sir  Roger,  ii  460. 
Northampton,   Lord  Henry  Howard, 

1st  E.  of,  ii  23,  41,  38-40. 
Northumberland,  Henry  Percy,  1st  E. 

of,  ii  304  n. 
Northumberland,  Henry  Percy,  8th  E. 

of,  i  238  n,  273. 
Northumberland,  Henry  Percy,  9th  E. 

of,  i2,  43  n. 
Northumberland,  Sir   Robert    Dudley 

made  Duke  of,  i  373  n. 
Norwich,  ii  370  n ;  Bp.  of,  see  Corbet. 
Norwich,    George    Goring,    E.    of,    ii 

360  n. 
Nottingham,    Lord    Charles    Howard, 

1st  E.  of,  Lord  High  Admiral,  ii  37  ; 

accepts  money  from  pirates,  i  73. 
Nova  Britannia.     See  Virginia. 
Novara,  i  490. 


Noventa,   ii    157  n  ;    HW's    villa    at, 

i  57,  ii  102. 
Nowel,  Alexander,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's, 

1213. 
Nuis.     See  Nys. 
Nuremberg,  i  12,  232,  250,  254,  256-61, 

264,  ii  169,  176-7,  193,  198. 
Nys,  Daniel,  ii  258  n  ;    employed  by 

HW  to  collect  pictures,  ii  210. 

Oath  of  Allegiance,  the,  i  455,  463. 

O'Donnell,  Hugh  Roe,  i  308  n. 

O'Donnells,  the,  i  308. 

Ofeley.     See  OfiBy. 

Offly,  Robert,  merchant  trading  to 
Venice,  i  408. 

Offreddo,  Monsignore,  Papal  Nuncio 
at  Venice,  HW's  relations  with,  i  60, 
377-8  ;  death  of,  439. 

Ogle,  the  barony  of,  ii  2. 

Ogniate,  Count  of,  Spanish  ambassador 
at  Vienna,  quarrel  with  French 
ambassadors,  ii  196,  197  n  ;  HW 
visits,  203;— ii  225,  275. 

Oldebare.     See  Auldbar. 

Olinda,  Brazil,  ii  345. 

Olivares,  Count,  Spanish  ambassador 
in  Rome,  ii  496. 

Oliver,  Isaac,  painter,  i  118  n,  119  n. 

O'Neill,  Hugh.     See  Tyrone. 

O'Neiles,  the,  i308. 

Oralois,  i  310. 

Orange,  Frederick  Henry,  Prince  of 
(Count  Henry  of  Nassau),  at  marriage  of 
Princess  Elizabeth,  i  125,  ii  12  ; 
meets  HW,  i  136,  ii  42  ;  besieges 
Hertogenbosch,  ii  320,  323,  327  n  ;— 
i  381,  ii  31,  46,  84  n,  309,  311  n,  319  n, 
325-6,  341. 
)range,  Mai 
of  Charles  I,  ii  312  n. 

Orange,  Maurice,  Prince  of  (Count 
Maurice  of  Nassau),  accompanies 
Princess  Elizabeth,  ii  31 ;  general  of 
Dutch  armies,  i  134  ;  meets  HW, 
136,  ii  42  ;  message  of  James  I  to, 
42  n  ;  conducts  campaign  of  1614, 
i  137-8,  ii  46-7;  letter  about  HW 
47  n,  48  n  ;  remark  about  treaty  of 
Xanten,  i  141,  ii  78  ;  about  German 
Princes,  68  n  ;  HW  negotiates  with, 
ii  44,  74-5  ;  credential  letters  sent  to, 
49  ;  meets  HW  at  Rees,  51 ;  his  desire 
for  war,  52  ;  HW  visits,  54  n  ;  his 
army  described,  54  n  ;  disagrees  with 
Spinola,  62  n,  69  n  ;  at  siege  of 
Bergen-op-Zoom.  248  ; — i  ix,  125, 
ii  12,  50  n,  59,  72,  79,  82-3,  464. 

Orange,  William  I,  Prince  of,  ii  90  n, 
491. 

Orange,  William  II,  Prince  of,  ii  312  n. 

Orkney,  Master  of,  i  41  n. 

Orland,  Henry,  English  priest,  i  884. 

Orleans,  ii  4,  456,  492. 


[NDBX 


541 


Ormuz,  capture  of,  ii  2 17. 

Orrery,  Roger  Boyle,  1st  E.  of  (Lord 
BroghiU),  II W  recommends  tutor  for 
foreign  travel,  ii  855-7;  in  France, 
859  60. 

Orsiui,  Leonora,  marriage  of,  i  285. 

Oi^ini,  Paolo.     See  Bracciano. 

Orsini,  Don  Virginio,  i  434. 

Osborn,  Mr.,  i  245. 

Osman,  Saltan,  ii  289. 

Osroy,  taken  by  Spinola,  i  137. 

OsMiiiii,  D.  of,  Viceroy  of  Naples,  fleet 
of,  threatens  Venice,  i  148,  152,  154, 
ii  112-3,  121  n,  128  n,  140,  162,  171  ; 
fight  with,  138,  140-1  ;  connexion 
of,  with  plot  of  1(U8,  i  157,  ii  142 ; 
conspiracy  of,  239 ;  recall  of,  i  178  ; 
— i  159,  ii  lo6,  159,  471. 

Ostend,  the  fall  of,  i  326  n,  336  n. 

Ostia,  i  272. 

Otway,  Thomas,  his  Venice  Preserved, 
i  156. 

Oudart,  Nicholas,  in  service  of  HW, 
ii  384,  387-8,  394,  395-6,  398  ;  goes  to 
Mechlin,  389  ■  writes  to  HW,  389  n, 
391  ;  returns,  392 ;— i  219  n,  ii  398. 

Overbury,  Sir  Nicholas,  father  of 
Sir   Thomas,   ii   24. 

Overbury,  Sir  Thomas,  arrest  of, 
i  130-1,  ii  19-22,  28-9  ;  murder  of, 
i  144,  ii  102  n,  250  n  ;  poem  of  HW. 
published  in  Wife  of,  i  130  n. 

Ovid,  quoted,  ii  318,  324. 

Owen,  Hugh,  Jesuit,  ii  494. 

Owen,  Lewis,  his  Running  Register, 
ii  482. 

Owen,  Sir  Roger,  i  132. 

Oxford,  HW  at,  i  5-6,  23,  57,  59,  225, 
234,  237,  ii  469 ;  HW  revisits,  i  212, 
222,  ii  288;— 122  n,  330,  363,  375, 
381  n,  382,  384,  402  n,  500. 
All  Souls  Coll.,  i  32  n,  ii  276  n. 
465;  Balliol  Coll.,  476;  Bodleian 
Library,  MS.  of  HW  in,  i  vi  j  HW's 
presents  to,  210,  339  n,  ii  347 ; 
portraits  in,  i  1  n,  167,  ii  479  ;  librarian 
of,  see  Rouse  ;  Brasenose  Coll., 
ii  480  ;  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  i  5  n  ; 
MS.  of  HW  in,  vi,  10,  146  n,  ii 
413  ;  Exeter  Coll.,  469  ;  Hart  Hall. 
470;  HW  at,  i  5,  ii  461;  Magda- 
len Coll.,  480-1  ;  Magdalen  Hall, 
171,  476;  Merton  Coll.,  i  438  n, 
ii  397  n,  465,  479 ;  New  Coll.,  HW  at, 
i  5  ;  leases  Stanton  St.  John  to  HW, 
32,  301-2 ;  letter  from  Warden  and 
Fellows  of,  301  n  ;  Queen's  Coll., 
338  n;  HW  at,  5;  MS.  at,  68; 
St.  Alban's  Hall,  375  n ;  St.  John's 
Coll.,  ii236n,  362  n. 

Oxford,  Edward  de  Vere,  17th  E.  of, 
builds  house  at  Venice,  ii  113  n. 

Oxford,  Henry,  18th  E.  of,  ii  108  n  ;  in 
Rome,    110,    111  n ;    in   Venice,  113, 


liw  pretenti  to  Doge,  118  n  :  iriahat 

fco    hum   tooopf  Got  \'« ■  i i  i . .-.    : 

ii    119;    at   Padua,    124;    death    of. 

linn. 

I'.i.  ins,  Julius  (Pacio  de  Beriga), 
Professor  of  Law  at  Heidelberg,  i  255, 
238. 

Pad<  lies  worth,  Kent,  ii  41  n. 

Padovano,  il.     Sec  Var<>tari. 

Padua,  HW  visits,  (15*1  8  i  12,  18-9, 
271,  298,  ii  482,  (1607)  i  396,  (1610) 
114,  501,  (1618)  ii  168,  157,  (1619) 
165-6,  173,  (1621)  i  178,  ii  919  81, 
(1622)  i  182,  ii  238  n ;  HW  well 
known  at,  i  68;  Bruno  at,  i  12  ; 
Galileo  at,  486 ;  J.  Caesar  killed  at. 
69,  410-2,  436  n,  450-1;  Bngliah 
students  at,  51, 57,  292  n,  396  n,  398  n, 
410  n,  ii  114  n  ;  oath  imposed  on.  i'l  I  ; 
Erematana,  i  397;  S.  (Jiustin.i.  L87; 
Bishops  of,  474,  ii  245  n  ;— i  17.  376, 
290-1,  343  n,  381,  397  n,  40.",.  U2,  1 1  J. 
454,  458,  478,  498  n,  ii  98,  114,  124, 
128,  138,  160,  233,  456,  171  -2,  1 7s. 
484-5. 

Paget,  Charles,  ii  455. 

Pagliano.     See  Palliano. 

Paiton.     See  Peyton. 

Palatinate,  the,  scarcity  in  (1589), 
i  235;  invasion  of,  (1620)  168.  174. 
176,  ii  185,  188,  195  n,  196,  203,  221, 
335,  475;  English  forces  in,  186; 
ban  against,  i  174,  ii  196  n ;  James  I 
negotiates  for  restitution  of,  i  181, 
ii  215  n,  222,  244  ;  asks  help  of 
Venice,  i  182,  ii  227-8,  238-9,  966  ; 
restoration  of,  345; — i  179,  881  n, 
314  n,  ii  55  n,  248,  281  n.  470. 

Palatine  Church,  the,  i  91,  98. 

Palatine  Elector.  See  Frederick  IV, 
Frederick  V,  Charles  Louis. 

Palatine  Electress.  See  Louisa,  Eliza- 
beth. 

Palatine  Electorate,  transferred  to 
Maximilian  I,  i  168,  175,  183, 
ii  233  n,  224-5,  226  n. 

Palestine,  ii  399. 

Paliano.     See  Palliano. 

Palladio,  Andrea,  i  18,  195-8  ;  his 
theatre  at  Vicenza,  ii  157  ;  his  Archi- 
tettura,  486. 

Palliano,  D.  of,  i  21,  22  n.  896  '». 
ii  382. 

Palliano,  Duchess  of,  HW  wndfl 
account  of  her  death,  i   896, 

Palma,  HW  visits,  i  499  n. 

Palma,  Giacobo,  Giovane,  i  419,  ii  857, 

Palotti,  Card.,  i  876. 

Pamphili,  Giovanni.     See  Innocent   X. 

Panama,  ii  78  n. 

Paolo,  Maestro.     See  Saq«i. 

Papacy,   the,   book    on    revenues    of, 


542 


INDEX 


i  2G0 ;  increased  power  of,  75 ;  com- 
binations against,  75,  7G,  93-5  ;  plans 
for  attacking  in  Italy,  109,  161  ; 
relations  of  Venice  with,  76,  77 ; 
conflict  of  with  Venice,  see  Venice, 
Interdict  ;  relations  with  Spain, 
ii  107,  208  n,  226. 

Papillon,  — ,  in  Venice,  i  91-2. 

Parckins,  Wm.     See  Perkins. 

Parde,  Nicholas.     See  Pert. 

Paris,  besieged  by  Henry  IV,  i  16, 
245  n,  254,  263  ;  Wotton  visits,  (1595) 
30,  (1600)  36,  (1603)  44,  ii  481,  (1611) 
99,  116,  119,  502-5  ;  the  Bastille, 
245  n,  250  n,  340;— i36n,  112,  135, 
314  n,  366  n.  372,  394-5,  476  n,  490, 
498  n,  ii  26,  44,  48,  84,  119  n, 
266,  286  n,  339,  350  n,  359,  382,  456-7, 
463,  465,  475-7,  480. 

Paris,  Matthew,  ii  500. 

Parkhurst,  John,  ii  476. 

Parkhurst,  William,  in  Venice  with 
HW,  i  48  n;  sent  to  England,  1608, 
420, 427  n;  in  England,  118  n  ;  returns 
to  Venice,  435  n  ;  goes  to  Geneva, 
131  n;  biographical  note,  ii  476; — 
ii  466,  490. 

Parkinson,  John,  mentions  HW  in  his 
Paradisus,  i  59. 

Parliament,  'the  Mad,'  ii  36,  500; 
of  1606,  i  463;  of  1614,  132,  ii  13, 
36-9 ;  of  1623,  295  ;  of  1625,  i  132, 
208;  of  1626,  ii  293-5;  of  1628. 
307;  of  1629,  317-9;— 18,  497-9. 

Parma,  ambassadors  of.  See  Ambas- 
sadors. 

Parma,  Alexander  Farnese,  D.  of, 
invades  France,  (1590)  16,  245,  254  n, 
(1592)  283  ;  death  of,  297,  ii  491  ;— 
i  229  n,  231  n,  330  n. 

Parrasio,  Alessandro,  attempts  to 
assassinate  Sarpi,  i  404  n. 

Parry,  Henry,  D.D.,  ii  252. 

Parsons,  Robert,  writes  about  Sir  A. 
Sherley,  i  242  n ;  at  Naples,  1604,  his 
remarks  to  the  Viceroy,  328-9;  re- 
turns to  Rome,  325 ;  his  activities 
there,  331-5;  HW  intercepts  letter 
of,  375 ;— 100,  380  n,  430,  442  n,  465, 
ii  107. 

Parsons,  Sir  Thomas,  ii  18. 

Partheridge.     See  Partridge. 

Partridge,  — ,  HWs  sister,  i  240-1. 

Partridge,  Edward,  carries  letters  to 
England,  i  346,  348 ;  note  on,  ii  476. 

Paruta,  Paolo,  historian  of  Venice, 
ii  484. 

Parvis  or  Parvish,  Henry,  merchant 
trading  to  Venice,  i  228,  237,  239, 
288  n;  factor  of,  at  Cologne,  232. 

Parvis,  Henry,  in  Venice,  i  283. 

Parvis,  Jacob,  i  288  n. 

Paschal,  Charles,  French  envoy  to 
Grisons,  i  395. 


Pasquall,  of  Bitonto,  attempt  to 
assassinate  Sarpi,  i  404  n. 

Passau,  ii  197,  199. 

Passienus,  Crispus,  ii  253  n. 

Pattison,  Mark,  letter  of  HW  identified 
by,  i  312  ;  his  Life  of  Casaubon,  i  xiv, 
127-9. 

Paul  II,  Pope,  ii  498. 

Paul IV,  Pope,  i  22, 298-9,  ii  251  n,  276 n. 

Paul  V,  Pope,  election  and  character, 
i  78,  325  n,  329,  333,  ii  161 ;  regard 
for  James  I,  i  334  ;  quarrels  with 
Venice,  77-85,  94,  103  n,  118,  128, 
147,  182,  340-1,  346,  348-9,  35(1-7, 
361-3,  366,  370-1,  374-82,  418-9,  439, 
443,  447,  496  n,  ii  79.  98,  128,  133, 
136,  178,  238,  250,  278,'  302,  371,  474, 
487  ;  excommunicates  Republic,  346, 

348  ;  dismisses  Venetian  ambassador, 

349  ;  levies  troops,  356  ;  reported 
league  with  Catholic  princes,  360 ; 
agrees  to  settlement,  384-7,  389-93  ; 
writes  to  Venice,  392  n ;  his  breve, 
399  n,  400;  complains  of  HW,  95-6, 
462;  treatment  of  Sarpi's  assassins, 
406-7,  440-2  ;  purchases  English  am- 
munition, 408  ;  denies  safe-conduct 
to  Lord  Roos,  429  ;  receives  Tyrone, 
430;  new  quarrels  with  Venice,  431, 
441 ;  sends  Jubilee,  436 ;  and  num- 
ber of  Beast,  444  n  ;  makes  his 
nephew  Abbot  of  Vangadizza,  98, 
446 ;  dispute  about,  461,  468 ;  re- 
ported saying  about  preaching  the 
Scriptures,  98, 451-2,  ii  496  ;  censure  of 
Premonition,  i  102,  465,  467-9 ;  remark 
about  James  I,  475 ;  about  HWs 
quarrel  with  Venice,  106  ;  Henry  IV 
sends  Deodati's  letter  to,  98 ;  and 
Savoy  marriage,  122 ;  and  Juliers- 
Cleves  controversy,  ii  42  ;  his  spies, 
101  ;  and  Savoy  war,  i  151,  ii  103  n ; 
reported  change  of  policy,  109  n  ; 
and  Marie  de'  Medici,  106-7  ;  and 
De  Dominis,  110,  172;  illness  of, 
108  ;  and  Ossuna,  159,  162  ;  reported 
death  of,  167-8  ;  and  election  of 
Emperor,  168 ;  and  Professor  Downes, 
169  ;  and  Protestant  seminaries, 
i  162;  death  of,  178,  ii  208  n  ;  men- 
tion of,  in  Table  Talk,  495-7;— i  59, 
69,  331,  399  n,  408,  410,  412,  415, 
424,  432,  441,  445,  448-9,  456,  457  n, 
463-4,  474,  476-7,  481-2,  487-9,  495, 
500,  503,  ii  66,  93,  97-8,  123, 127,  129, 
149,  156,  158,  165,  170  n,  175,  178, 
245  n,  472-3,  478. 

Paulerspury,  Northants,  ii  288,  343  u, 

481. 

Paules.     See  London,  St.  Paul's. 
Paulet,  Sir  Amyas,  ii  489. 
Paulino,  datario  under  Clement  VIII, 

i  333-6 ;  offers  to  procure  banishment 


INDEX 


543 


Pauls  Perry.     Se<  Paulrrspury. 

I'n/.    Don    Julian,    chief  archivist   at 

Simancas,  i  68  n. 
Pechius.     See  Pecquius. 
Pecquius,  Peter,  Chancellorof  Brabant. 

ii  7l> 
Pembroke,  Philip,   4th    E.   of,   ii    16, 

343  ;  his  imprem,  17. 
Pembroke,  Wm.    Herbert,  3rd   E.  of, 

ii  1 6 -7,  20,  40  ;  HW's  letters  to,  i  121, 

ii  8,  ft,  48a 
Pen,  Mr.,  ii  34. 

Pennington,  Sir  John,  ii  395  n. 
Peover,  Cheshire,  ii  471. 
Percy,  Alan,  in  Florence,  i  48  n. 
Percy,     Henry,    1st    Baron    Percy  of 

Alnwick,  ii  839. 
Percy,  Lady  Lucy,   marries  Sir  John 

Wotton,  i*2,  238  n. 
Peretti,  Card.     See  Montalto. 
Perez,    Don     Antonio,     secretary    of 

Philip  II,  comes  to  England,  i  285  ; 

his  murder  of  Escovado,  285  n ;  HW  in 

Paris  with,  30  ;    HW  defends  in  State 

of  Christendom,  ii  458  ;  mention  of,  in 

Tabic  Talk,   494  ;    his  letters  to  Essex, 

i  30  n  ;  his  Prdacos  de  Historia,  ii  458. 
Pergamo,  Fulvio,    secretary  of  Savoy 

in  England,  i  122. 
Pericles,  ii  384  n. 

Perkins,  William,  his  Problem,  i  90. 
Perkins,  William,  Lord  Cork's  tailor, 

visits  HW,  ii  356-7. 
Pernambuco,  Brazil,  ii  345  n. 
Peron.     See  Perron. 
Perron,  Card,  du,  James  I's  answer  to, 

ii  111. 
Perrot,   Charles,  Minister  at  Geneva, 

his  son  in  England,  i  304. 
Perrot,  Sir  John,  i  259,  284. 
Perotti,    Nicolas,    publishes    text     of 

Polybius,  i  855. 
Persia,  i  477  n ;  Sir  A.  Sherley's  mission 

to,  37  ;  defeats  Turkey,  477  n,  ii  16 ; 

Shah,  see  Abbas. 
Persian  nobleman,  accompanies  Sir  A. 

Sherley  to  Europe,  i  37  ;  his  quarrel 

with  Sherley,  and  death,  38. 
Persians,  the,    defeat    Turks,  i    342; 

capture  Ormuz,  ii  246-7. 
Persico,  Panfilo,  his  Segretario,  ii  484. 
Persius,  quoted,  ii  326. 
Pert,  Nicholas,  English  merchant,  mur- 
dered by  Nicolo  Balbi,  i  69,  323-5. 
Perugia,  i  442  n,  453. 
Pesaro,     Venetian     ambassador       in 

France,   ii  222. 
Pescelius.     See  Pezelius. 
Petching,  —  ,  i  243,  247-8,  251,  262. 
Petworth,  living  of,  ii  304  n. 
Pey,    Nicolas,   has    charge    of    HW's 

affairs  in  England,  i  451,  ii  8  ;  lettei's 

to  HW,   219  ;  HW's  letters  to,  i  201, 

208,   ii    75,    285,    288,  436,    449-50; 


mentioned  in  II\\\  will,  i  21ft j 
IIWs  bequest  t«»,  i  218;— ii  !<•:,.  lis, 
2  11.230-1,286,  Mi,  ::•;<>. 

Peyton, Sir  Henry,  commands  English 
ships  in  Venetian  sorvice,  i  154-156,  ii 
143,  155 ;  his  pay,  146-7  ;  arrival  of 
15S  :;  ;  HW  j> resents  to  Doge,  146  D  ; 
troops  of,  mutiny,  146  D,  162  ' 
his  requests,  151  ;  thi  IMWW.  1">»  D  ; 
at  Martinengo,  213 ;  Lady  Arundel 
consults,  i  186  ;  death  <.f,  156,  ii  1  M  B  ; 
letters  of,  ii  146  n  ;— 207,  209,  40«>,  171. 

Peyton,  Thomas,  ii  146  n. 

Pezelius,  Christoph.,  Prof,  of  Theology 
at  Bremen  ;  HW's  intention  to  visit, 
i  230  ;  Moryson  visits,  230  n. 

Pfaltezburg.     See  Pfalzburg. 

Pfalzburg,  Lorraine.  Protestants  at.  ii 
183-4. 

Phaeton,  11810. 

Phelips,  Sir  Edward,  Master  of  the 
Rolls,  ii  30,  86. 

Philadelphia,  Greek  Arch bp.  of,  i  487, 
438,  ii  496. 

Philip  II,  K.  of  Spain  ;  war  with 
England,  i  17  ;  mention  of,  in  S'"><-  <>f 
Christendom,  24-5,  ii  456;  in  Table 
Talk,  494  ;  death  of,  i  456  ;— 40,  276, 
280   285 

Philip  III,  K.  of  Spain,  and  HW's 
secretary,  i  328  ;  attitude  during 
Interdict,  80,  84,  353  n,  356,  360, 
476  n,  ii  133  ;  HW  suggests  as 
arbitrator,  i  363  n  ;  sends  Don  Fran- 
cesco di  Castro,  370 ;  renounces  his 
pretensions  to  United  Provinces,  416, 
424  ;  reported  pension  to  Tyrone, 
430  ;  and  Premonition,  102 ;  negotiates 
for  English  marriages,  114,  and  see 
Charles  I ;  HW  questions  title,  ii 
49-50 ;  his  designs  on  Germany,  68  n  ; 
forbids  execution  of  Treaty  of 
Xanten,  i  139,  ii  62  n,  65,  67  ;  desires 
peace  in  Italy,  i  148,  151-2,  ii  121  n  ; 
James  I  remonstrates  with,  i  151,  ii 
122  n ;  and  Ossuna,  i  152,  ii  168  j 
naval  preparations,  163, 169;  declares 
he  has  no  designs  on  Venice,  17<», 
171  n;  and  Bohemian  troubles,  192. 
202-3;  and  Gregory  XV,  208  n; 
death,  i  178,  ii  210,  226  n  ;— i  38, 
320  n,  328,  357,  381,  389,  441  n,  445, 
154  n,  476,  477  n,  490,  ii  26,  77,  107, 
109,  165,  275,  299. 

Philip  IV,  K.  of  Spain  ;  James  I 
negotiates  with,  about  Spanish  mar- 
riage, i  180-1,  ii  226  n,  245,  251- 
2  ;  about  restitution  of  Palatinate, 
i  181,  ii  222  ;  and  De  Dominis,  228-9  ; 
and  Valtelline,  237,  239,  268  ;  and 
Ossuna,  239  ;  letter  of  James  I  to,  ii 
222;-223,  224,  246,  313,  32<». 
345  n,  389  n,  395. 

Philippson,  Johann  (Sleidanns),  i  2V.>. 


544 


INDEX 


Phoenix,  the,  HW  sends  pictures  bv,  ii 
257. 

Photius,  extracts  in,  from  Hierccles,  i 
313. 

Picardy,  i  245,  ii  4. 

Piccardini,  Rustico,  riding-master  at 
Florence,  i  43  n. 

Piccolomini,  Alessandro,  his  EafaeUa, 
ii  484. 

Piccolomini,  Alfonso,  i  296. 

Piccolomini,  Silvo,  i  296. 

Pickering,  Mr.,  ii  285. 

Pickering,  Sir  Wm.,  father  of  Hester 
Wotton,  i  236  n,  ii  342. 

Piedmont,  HW  sends  map  of,  to 
James  I,  ii  104,  106;  war  in,  i  151, 
ii  103  n,  104 ;  French  soldiers  in, 
178 ;  fertility  of,  499  ;  Prince  of, 
see  Victor ;— ii  94,  109,  172,  299. 

Piero,  'Conte,'  arrests  Will  Leete,  ii 
144-5. 

Pierre,  Jacques,  and  plot  of    1618,   i    I 
157,  159,  ii  131  n. 

Pignerolo,  ii  345. 

Pilsen,  ii  139. 

Pirn,  Mr.,i  323. 

Pindar,  Sir  Paul,  in  Venice,  i  288, 
289,  293 ;  ambassador  at  Constanti- 
nople, ii  111  n. 

Pine,  John,  ii,  479. 

Pinelli,  Gian  Vincenzo,  i  18-9. 

Pinner,  Capt.  Nicholas,  offers  his 
services  to  Venice,  i  365  ;  takes  gifts 
to  Prince  Henry,  and  Sarpi's  portrait 
to  England,  407,  409,  419,  425,  ii 
479. 

Piombino,  ii  299 ;  Princess  of,  492. 

Piracy,  English  pirates  in  the  Adriatic, 
i  322  ;  HWs  negotiations  about,  73-4, 
163,  323  ;  offer  of  pirates  to  Venice,  ii 
215,  see  Ward. 

Pisa,  HW  at,  (1592)  i  289,  (1601)  36, 
401  n ;  Cecil  writes  to  English 
merchants  at,  69,  328  n,  ii  490  n  ;  Sir 
R.  Dudley  at,  i  379,  401  n ;— 22  n, 
280,  282,  ii  469,  478. 

Pistoia,  HW  travels  through,  i  289. 

Pitzca,  Bohemia,  ii  193. 

Pius  V.,  Pope,  i475. 

Plantagenet,  Prince  Arthur,  i  346  n. 

Plantagenets,  the,  i  346  n. 

Platina.     See  Sacchi. 

Plato,  quoted,  i  102,  ii  335,  401. 

Plato,  Card.,  i  439. 

Plautus,  ii  402  n. 

Plese,  Monsieur  du  (cipher  for 
Burghley),  i  291. 

Plessen,  Volrad  de,  ii  91;  letter  of, 
91  n. 

Plinnie.     See  Pliny. 

Pliny  the  elder,  quoted,  i  239  n,  ii  37, 
306. 

Pliny  the  younger,  quoted,  i  234,  238, 
505,  ii  241. 


Plutarch,  quoted,  ii  69,  his  Lives,  i 
283. 

Plymouth,  HW  at,  ii  33.  304 ;  ship 
from,  322. 

Po,  the,  i  354  n. 

Poggio,  HW  travels  through,  i  289. 

Poictiers,  ii  222. 

Poland,  invaded  by  Turks,  i  230  ;  dis- 
puted election  in,  249,  252,  259,  264  ; 
Kings  of,  see  Bathori,  Sigismund ; 
Prince  Casimir  of,  ii  404  ;— i  260, 270, 
276,  286,  360,  414,  ii  123  n,  197,  349. 

Polani, '  old  '  family  of  Venice,  i  434  n. 

Pole,  Arthur,  killed  in  Rome,  i  330. 

Pole,  Geoffrey,  i  330  n,  346. 

Pole,  Reginald,  Card.,  i  330  n. 

Polenza,  ii  499. 

Polini,  Girolamo,  prints  libellous  book 
about  Queen  Elizabeth,  i  292  n. 

Polonia.     See  Poland. 

Polybius,  HW  studies  text  of,  i  14,  255. 

Poma,  Ridolfo,  attempts  to  assassinate 
Sarpi,  i  404  n,  407,  440-2. 

Pomerania,  ii  331  n ;  Borgislas  XI, 
D.  of,  i  306. 

Pommern.     See  Pomerania. 

Pompey,  ii  395  n  ;  fragment  by  HW  on, 
i  206,  ii  375  n,  414. 

Pont  Hercule.     See  Port'  Ercole. 

Pontebba,  ii  103  n. 

Poole.     See  Pole. 

Pope,  Alexander,  ii  280  n. 

Porie.     See  Pory. 

Porta,  Giovanni  Battista  della,  his 
Magla  Natural e,  ii  486. 

Porta, Count  Paolo,  gives  fete  at  Vicenza, 
ii  157. 

Port'  Ercole,  ii  299. 

Portingals,     See  Portuguese. 

Portland,  Jerome  Weston,  2nd  E.  of, 
ii  338-41 ;  marriage,  336. 

Portland,  Sir  Richard  Weston,  1st  E. 
of,  ambassador  to  Prague,  i  169, 
173,  ii  185,  191,  194,  195  n,  199  n, 
310  n,  335;  Lord  Treasurer,  i  205, 
ii  309;  favour  with  Charles  I,  310, 
313,  336 ;  his  treatment  of  HW,  375  ; 
HW  arrested  after  visiting,  351  ; 
HWs  character  of,  333-5 ;  death  of, 
351  n;  HWs  letters  to,  i  208,  ii  309, 
333-6,  443,  450-1 ;— 300  n,  338  n, 
339  n,  340  n,  463. 

Portsmouth,  i  415  n. 

Portugal,  i  856  n,  ii  455,  494  n. 

Portuguese,  the,  i  54 ;  trade  of,  to 
East  Indies,  ii  76  n  ;  Ormuz  taken 
from,  247. 

Pory,  John,  secretary  at  Constanti- 
nople, ii  111;  MS.  by,  i  132;  letter 
of,  ii  473. 

Possevino,  Antonio,  i  464  n  ;  letter  to, 
intercepted  by  HW,  345  ;  HW's 
negotiations  and  interview  with, 
345  n  ;  attacks  HW,  ii  10 ;  book  by, 


INDEX 


545 


i  39 J  ;  letters  to  HW,  345  n  ;  HW  to, 
845  n,  ii  420. 

Powel,  Mr.,  ii  401. 

iowell,  Gabriel,  the  de  Antichristo  of, 
distributed  by  HW  in  Venice,  i  90. 

iozzo,  Antonio  del,  Archbishop  of  Pisa, 
i  282  ;  ii  209. 

Praetorius,  Johannes,  i  246. 

fcrague,  Rudolf  II  at,  i  16;  HWat,  16, 
301,  305;  rebellion  at,  160;  ii  158, 
171.  197  n  ;  Frederick  Vat,  i  168-9, 
ii  -511;  Conway  and  Weston  at,  i  169, 
17.5,  ii  186,  190  n,  195;  HW  com- 
municates with,  i  172,  ii  191-6 ;  fall 
of,  i  173,  175,  ii  196-201,  209  ;  papers 
dix-uvered  at,  i  174-5;— 37,  251,  263, 
177,  ii  166. 

Prato,  HW  travels  through,  i  289. 

Pratolino,  i  39,  285. 

Beaux,  M.  de,  French  ambassador  at 
Vienna,  i  172,  ii  191-7,  200,  206; 
goes  to  Hungary,  200  n,  201-2. 

Preslau.     See  Breslau. 

Pressburg,  i  417  n,  ii  193  n,  196  n. 

Price,  — ,  in  HW's  service,  i  118  n. 

Price,  Herbert,  duel  with  Mr.  Eliot,  ii 
:;ii>  :;. 

Priuli,  4  new  ■  family  of  Venice,  ii 
135  n. 

Priuli,  Alvise,  candidate  for  Dogeship 
1605,  i  848. 

Priuli,  Antonio,  Doge  XCIV,  candi- 
dature, ii  134-8 ;  election,  i  161,  ii 
139-40,  142;  character  of,  135  n, 
140;  introduction  of,  132,  139;  HW 
congratulates,  145-6;  HW  writes  to, 
about  English  mutiny,  i  155,  ii  153  ; 
HW's  farewell,  i  162-3,  ii  172  n; 
receives  Lady  Arundel,  i  186-8,  ii 
232-5;  HW  presents  Lady  Arundel's 
sons  to,  i  190,  ii  240-1 ;  illness  of,  244  ; 
recovery,  246 ;  receives  Duke  of  Man- 
tua, 270-1 ;  illness  and  death,  i  192, 
ii  -21^-8;  speeches  of,  i  183,  186-8, 
ii  154  n,  232-5,  241;  letter  to  James  I, 
227,  230 ;  letter  from  James  I,  i  181, 
190,  ii  227-8,  238,240,  265,  267,  273-4; 
HW's  letters  to,  i  155,ii  145  n,  153, 238, 
441,  447;  HW's  audiences,  i  18,  175, 
181-4, 186-8,ii  145n,  151  n,  164, 171-2, 
219  n,  232-5,  238-41,  258  n,  468, 
472,  474  ;— 143-5,  157  n,  177,  210, 
218,  227  n,  235,  242,  259,  263, 
271-2. 

Priuli,  Francesco,Venetian  ambassador 
in  Spain,  his  relations  with  Sir  C. 
Cornwallis,  i  425. 

Priuli,  Matteo,  Card.,  i  468  n,  ii  135, 
140,  259,  272. 

Priuli,  Piero,  Venetian  ambassador  in 
France,  i  447,  ii,  463;  in  Spain,  i 
447  n. 

Privy  Council,  the,  HW's  letters  to,  ii 
114-9,  425,  429,  439. 


Protestants,    Protestantism. 

ligion. 
Pruritanua,    libellous    book,    fount    m 

house    of   Venetian    ambassador    in 

England,  i  472;  Salisbury  sends  to 

HW,  472  n. 
Prussia,  i  231  n,  ii  176. 
Puckering,  Sir  Thomas,  ii  129  n. 
Pusey,  Sarah,  marriage  of,  ii  328  n. 
Pusey,  Timothy,  ii  328  n. 
Puteanus,  suspected  author  of 

Regia,  ii  92-8,  280;  corresponds  with 

Scioppius,  ii  109-10. 
Putney,  ii  380. 
Pym,  John,  ii  323  n. 
Pyrenees,  ii  365. 

Quarnero,  ii  128. 

Quattr'occhi,  Dr.,  i  325  n. 

Querini,'  old'  family  of  Venice,  i  I  ;i  n. 

Querini,  Aluigi,  arrest  of,  ii  221. 

Quesnoy,  i  245  n. 

Quester,  Mr.,  HW  to,  ii  4 1 1 . 

Quintilian  quoted,  i  198,  242,  ii  110. 

R.,  Mr.     See  Rouse. 

R.,  A.,  letter  sent  by,  i  308. 

R.,  S.,  HW's  spy  in  Rome,  letter  from, 
i65n. 

Rabelais,  quoted,  ii  26. 

Radcliffe,  Sir  Alexander,  writes  to 
Cecil,  i  308  n ;  death  of,  308  n. 

Radziwill,  Card.,  i  278. 

Ragusa,  i  323  n,  373,  452  n,  ii  108,  111, 
113,  152. 

Raleigh,  Carew,  ii  400. 

Raleigh,  Sir  Walter,  his  fleet  captures 
the  Madre  de  Dios,  i  295  ;  plans  to 
attack  Genoa,  151 ;  Guiana  expedi- 
tion, ii  87,  362  n,  489  ;  mentioned  in 
Table  Talk,  ii  493 ;— i  9,  31,  32  n,  39, 
118,  ii  22  n,  23  n,  79,  87,  400  n,  481. 

Raleigh,  Walter,  jun.,  goes  to  Low 
Countries  to  fight  duel,  ii  79. 

Ralph,  — ,  carries  dispatch  to  England, 
ii  225. 

Randolph,  Robert,  ii  381  n. 

Randolph,  Thomas,  his  Poems  sent  to 
HW,  381  n,  382  n. 

Ratisbon,  i  410,  ii  348  n;  proposed 
Diet  at,  i  172,  ii  191  n,  195. 

Raughley.     See  Raleigh. 

Ravaillac,  assassin  of  Henry  IV,  i  490  n, 
491  n. 

Ravensberg,  ii  56-7. 

Ravenspurg,  See  Bavaria,  Prince 
Philip  of. 

Ravenstein,  ii  56-7. 

Ravis,  Thomas,  Bp.  of  London,  i  !-<►, 
ii  481. 

Rawleigh.     See  Raleigh. 

Reade,  Lieut.  John,  promised  com- 
mission in  Venetian  service,  ii  238. 

Rebbe,  Nicholas  de,  ii  66, 


WOTTOX.     II 


N  n 


546 


INDEX 


Redgrave,  Suffolk,  seat  of  Sir  Edmund 
Bacon,  i  118,  131,  212,  505  n,  ii  13, 
32,  38,  288,  322,  337,  345,  375,  394, 
398,  403,  405,  460. 

Rees,  Count  Maurice  takes,  i  138,  ii  70  ; 
HWat,  51,53,  61;— 46,  54. 

Reffuge,  M.  de,  special  French  ambas- 
sador at  the  Hague  1614,  i  138; 
arrives  at  the  Hague,  45  n,  48, 
60 ;  HW  visits,  49 ;  goes  with  HW 
to  Xanten,  50-3,  55,  66;  writes  to 
Generals,  59;  desires  peace,  60;  leaves 
Xanten,  61 ;  leaves  the  Hague.  67 ; — 
ii  45,  47,  53. 

Regensburg.     See  Ratisbon. 

Regnault,  — ,  and  plot  of  1618,  i  157 ; 
visits  HW,  159-60;  execution  of,  ii 
131  n. 

Reichsdollar,  value  of,  i  233  n. 

Reichssnurt,  Heinrich  Domason  von, 
writes  about  HW  to  Blotius,  i  19. 

Religion : 

Calvinists,  their  controversy  with 
Lutherans,  i  166;  ii  179  n. 

English  Church,  HW's  devotion  to, 
i  v,  19,  215,  224  ;  services  of,  in  HW's 
house,  77-8,  349,  363;  and  German 
Protestants,  ii  177. 

Lutherans,  the,  i  166,  ii  179  n. 
Protestantism,  dissensions  of,  plans 
for  composing,  i  94,  109,  166,  ii  179; 
attempt  to  introduce  into  Italy,  i  76, 
78,  93,  107,  115,  ii  8,  109  n ;  move- 
ment for,  in  Venice,  i  x,  76,  78, 
86-99,  108,  116,  149,  349-51,  376, 
378,  393,  400,  417,  423-5  ;  Henry  IV 
exposes,  97-100,  480-2,  485;  congre- 
gation started,  99;  HW's  hopes  for, 
(1619)  ii  172  n. 

Protestant  seminaries,  Sarpi  advises 
founding  of,  i  94, 161,  ii  148-9 ;  Francis 
Bacon's  approval,  i  161  n  ;  HW  nego- 
tiates about,  i  161-3,  ii  143,  148-51, 
161,  172,  179,  480;  failure  of,  i  162. 

Reformation,  the,  i  6,  92,  191,  417 ; 
HW  proposes  to  write  history  of,  205. 
Roman  Catholicism,  HW's  attitude 
towards,  i  19-20,  69,  76,  ii  301 ;  propa- 
ganda of,  in  England,  ii  214  ;  attempts 
to  convert  travellers  abroad,  i  70-1, 
330,  332,  434,  456-7 ;  Roman  Catholics 
in  England,  i  330. 

Reliquiae  Wottonianae,  edited  by  Izaak 
Walton,  i  v-vn,  xn,  ii  305  n,  461 ;  bib- 
liography of,  412  ;  essays,  &c,  in,  i 
205-7,  ii  413-6,  457 ;  letters  in,  i  13, 
118,  245  n. 

Remus,  pun  on,  ii  151. 
Repplingham,      Adolphus,     ii     253  ; 
carries   letters  to  England,   253,  258, 
267. 

Reynolds,  Edward,  secretary  to  Essex, 
disagreement  with  HW,  i  31 ;  letter 
of,  31  n  ;  letter  from   A.   Bacon  to, 


31  n  ;  HW's  letters  to,  33,  307.  310, 
ii  419. 

Rhaetian  Alps,  i  218. 

Rhaetians,  the.     See  Grisons. 

Rhe%  island  of,  expedition  to,  ii  303  n. 

Rheims,  Jesuit  College  at,  i  94,  161, 442, 
ii  114,  147,  151. 

Rhems.     See  Rheims. 

Rhene.     See  Rhine. 

Rhenen.  Q.  of  Bohemia  at,  ii  323. 

Rhine,  the,  i  25,  123,  137.  192,  229, 
ii  12,  46  n,  47n,51,  71, 117,  183,  185  n, 
280-2,  344  n,  345. 

Rheinberg,  i  229,  ii  71,  341,  345. 

Rhosny.     See  Sully. 

Ribetta.     See  Rubetti. 

Riccio,  Andrea,  architect,  i  197. 

Rich,  Sir  Heniy.     See  Holland. 

Rich,  Sir  Robt.     See  Warwick. 

Richard  III,  ii  296. 

Richard  III,  by  Shakespeare,  phrase  in, 
paraphrased  by  HW,  i  206. 

Richelieu,  Cardinal,  i  180,  ii  244  n, 
318  n,  339  n,  340  n,  390  n,  391  n, 
399. 

Richmond,  i  124. 

Richmond,  Ludovick  Stuart,  1st  D.  of 
(Duke  of  Lennox),  ambassador  in 
France,  i  61  ;— ii  17-8,  40,  290,  292. 

Rigotier,  — ,  of  Geneva,  i  300. 

Rijswijk,  bridge  of,  ii  84. 

Rimini,  i  391  n. 

Riswicke.     See  Rijswijk. 

Rivers,  Thomas  Darcy,  1st  E.  of  (Lord 
Darcy),  expected  in  Florence,  i  284, 
286,  arrives,  288  ;  HW  travels  with, 
289 ;  tries  to  suppress  books  of  con- 
troversy, 291-2  ;  introduced  to  Grand 
Duke  by  letters  from  Burghley,  284, 
289-91  ;  sends  for  books  against 
Burghley,  294  ;  note  on,  ii  467  ;  letters 
of,  i  17  n,  20-1,  284  n,  287,  292,  ii 
467. 

Rivoli,  HW  at,  i  121. 

Roan.     See  Rouen. 

Roberts,  John  (?),  English  priest,  i  334. 

Robinson,  Humphrey,  printer  of 
Comus,  ii  381. 

Robinson,  Richard,  King's  player,  ii 
333. 

Rochester,  ii  22,  405. 

Rochester,   Sir  Edward.     See  Rossiter. 

Rochester,  Visct.    See  Somerset. 

Roe,  Eleanor,  Lady,  ii  221,  249. 

Roe,  Sir  Thomas,  ambassador  at  Con- 
stantinople, ii  221  ;  letters  of,  464-5  ; 
Q.  of  Bohemia  to,  i  177  n  ;  HW 
to,  ii  247-9,  447 ;  suggested  epitaph 
for,  i  224  ;— i  454  n,  ii  181  n,  229  n, 
386. 

Roehampton,  ii  314. 

Roerland,  Syndic  of  Brunswick,  ii  58. 

Rogers,  Richard,  ii  466. 

Rolls,  Master  of.     See  Caesar. 


INDEX 


547 


Ma.strrshiji  of,  promised  toHW, 
i  L67  ;  ii  181  n,  243  n,  287  n,  317,  319, 
470 ;  HW  surrenders  reversion  of  to 
Buckingham,  i  200,  ii  816. 

Bomagna,  ii  251  n. 

Roman  Catholicism.     See  Religion. 

Rome,  style  of  in  dating,  i  xvi;  HW 
visits  202,  294,  403  n,  ii  174,300-1, 
1692  i  L9  20,  271  6,  284,  (1593)22,  ii 
064,  882,  (1601)  i  37-8  ;  Sir  A.  Sherley 
at,  .57-9,  242  n  ;  news  from,  111,  243, 
245  n,  250,  276-8,  286,  390-2,  415, 
440-2,  451,  ii  97,  101,  106-7,  168-70, 
224-6,  228-9,  2(>7 ;  superstition  in, 
160  n  ;  part  of  HW's  charge,  his  spies 
in,  i  65,  149,  321,  417  n,  ii  98,  116, 141, 
147,  168  ;  English  travellers  in,  i  17, 
882,  457,  ii  114,  181  n,  222,  244,  257  ; 
forbidden  to  visit,  i  70,  435  ;  English 
Catholics  in,  i  66,  70,  292  n,  330  n, 
333-5,  434,  457,  ii  93,  214,  224, 
847;  Tyrone  in,  i  417  n,  418,  423, 
429-30,  476,  ii  107  n;  Lord  Roos 
visits,  see  Roos  ;  Mole  imprisoned  at, 
see  Mole  ;  proposed  visit  of  Lord 
Hamilton,  487-9  ;  letters  from,  inter- 
cepted by  HW,  i  353,  359,  ii  147  ; 
mention  of,  in  Table  Talk,  ii  493-5, 
497  ;  ambassadors  to  and  from,  see 
Ambassadors  ;  —  Amphitheatre  of 
Titus  286  ;  Belvedere,  ii  93;  Campo  di 
Fiori,  i  496  n;  Inquisition  in.  i  70, 
149,  332,  354,  389,  ii  97,  114,  126,  256  ;. 
Jesuit  College,  i  94, 330-1,333-5,  399  n, 
430,  457  n,  ii  107,  111  n,  114,  252, 
269 ;  Palazzo  Farnese,  i  330  n  ;  Palazzo 
dellaRovere,  38,  430  ;  Piazza  Padella, 
275  ;  Scotch  College,  334,  ii  269 ;  St. 
Peter's,  i  496 ;  ii  274  ;  S.  Angelo,  i 
38  ;  S.  Giovanni  in  Laterano,  273, 
274  n,  281,  283  ;— i  270,  288,  293, 
295-9,  325,  344,  346,  372,  376,  384, 
386,  389-91,  398,  405,  407-8,  412, 
484  n.  443,  456,  461,  477,  481, 
495-6,  ii  11,  15,  110,  116-7,  124,  126, 
208  n,  212,  216,  223,  230,  240,  245  n, 
251,  253,  268,  286  n,  298,  348,  372-3, 
463,  467-8,  471,  473,  492. 

Ronciglione,  i  37. 

Rooke,  George,  with  HW  in  Venice,  i 
48  n  ;  sent  to  Naples  ( 1605),  325,  328-9; 
his  instructions  i,  328  n,  ii  420  ;  goes 
to    Padua,   (1607)    381,    (1608)    450; 
delivers  privy  seals  to  Sir  R.  Dudley, 
401,   428  n  ;     magistrates    of    Lucca 
negotiate  with,  for  arrest  of  Salvetti, 
401  ;     charged    with   case   of  Julius 
Caesar,  436  n,  450  ;  suspected  poison- 
ing of,  436  n  ;  at  Brescia,  436  n,  450; 
in  England,  451 ;  biographical  note, 
ii  478. 
Rooke,  Sir  George,  ii  478. 
Rooke,  John,  ii  478. 
Rooke,  Lawrence,  ii  478. 


Roos,  Lady,  ii  121  n.  127  n. 

Roos,  Wiiliam  Cecil,  Lord,  proposed 
visit  to  Rome,  i  428-9;  in  Venice, 
428,  441-2,  J 16  ;  in  Rome  (1608), 
429  n,  440,  457,  ii  257,  473 ;  his  tutor 
imprisoned,  see  Mole  ;  proposed  arrest 
of,  i  488  n  ;  ambassador  to  Spain 
(1616),  i  48  n,  151,  ii  122  n.  127  n  ;  in 
Rome  (1618),  127,  1  il ;  death  of,  127  n  . 
HW's  letter  to,  i  428,  ii  427. 

Roper,  Jane.     See  Lovell. 

Roper,  Sir  Robert.     See  Teynham. 

Roquelaure,  Col.,  ii  207,  209. 

Rosa  d'Oro,  consecration  of,  witnessed 
by  HW,  i  274. 

Rosny,  see  Sully. 

Rosse,  Lord.     See  Roos. 

Rossetti,  — ,  Secretary  to  Jacques 
Pierre,  ii  181  n. 

Rossingham,    Edward,     letter   of,    ii 

407  n. 

Rossiter,    Sir    Edward,    death    of,  at 

Padua,  i  397. 
Rotterdam,  ii  323  n  ;  HW  at,  i  136,  ii 

41,  84. 
Rouen,  siege  of,  i  2,  238  n,  283. 
Rouse,  John,  Bodley's  librarian  ;   and 

HWs    copy    of    Comus,    ii,    381    n, 

382  n. 
Rovere,  della,  house  of,  ii  272. 
Rovere,  HW  at,  i  176,  ii  209. 
Rowe,   or  Roe,  Thomas,  in  service  of 

HW,  1620,  i  170  n,  ii  181,  189. 
Roxburgh,  Countess  of,  ii  408  n. 
Roxburgh,  Robert  Ker,    1st  E.  of,    ii 

408  n. 

Roxburgh  Club,  the,  publishes  HW's 
MS.  at  Eton,  i  vi. 

Roydon  Hall,  ii  479. 

Royston,  i  117,  ii  34,  85. 

Rubetti,  Pier  Antonio,  goes  to  Rome, 
i  443,  445,  449. 

Rudolf  I,  Emperor,  i  268  n. 

Rudolf  II,  Emperor,  his  money 
difficulties,  i  16,  249,  263,  267,  329*; 
sends  ambassador  to  Constantinople, 
249 ;  attack  on,  251  ;  restores  pre- 
dominance of  Catholics  in  Austria, 
304-5;  sends  envoys  to  Venice  at 
time  of  Interdict,  381  ;  quarrel  with 
Matthias,  417,  477,  507  ;  Premonition 
dedicated  to,  101  ;  and  Juliers-Cleves 
controversy,  135  ;  death,  123 ;  am* 
bassadors  to  and  from,  see  Ambas- 
sadors ;— i  14,  37,  244-5,  247,  262  n, 
259,  261,  278,  301,  305-6,  319,  342, 
356  n,  360,  410,  477,  ii  42  n,  45  n. 

Rudyard,  Benjamin,  i  33  n. 

Rufus,  Corollius,  i  505. 

Ruggle,  George,  his  Ignoramus,  ii  10  n. 

Rupert,  Prince,  in  England,  ii  363  ; 
capture  of,  899  n,  400-1,  403,  407. 

Russia,  i  37.     See  Muscovy. 

Ruthven.     See  Gowrie. 


Nn2 


548 


INDEX 


Rutland,  Francis  Manners,  6th  E.  of, 
ii  17  ;  his  imprcsa  designed  by  Shake- 
speare, 17  n. 

Sabellico,  M.  A.  C,  historian  of  Venice, 
ii  484. 

Sabioncello,  ii  113. 

Sachetti,  Nicolo,  Tuscan,  resident  in 
Venice,  his  letters,  i  xi,  181,  185  n, 
ii227n,  258,  270  n,  274  n. 

Sacchi,  Bartholomaeus  de  Platina,  his 
Vite  degli  Pontifici,  ii  485. 

Sackville,  Thomas,  son  of  Lord  Buck- 
hurst,  a  popish  recusant,  292  n,  295. 

Sacra,  the,  English  ship  treated  as 
pirate,  i  322  n. 

St.  Albans,  ii  461. 

St.  Albans,  Henry  Jermyn.  1st  E.  of, 
ii  338. 

St.  Andrews,  i  233  n. 

St.  Augustine,  ii  169,  370. 

St.  Bartholomew's  massacre  of,  i  156. 

St.  Benedict.     See  Benedictines. 

St.  Bernard  Majore,  ii  95. 

St.  Dunstan's,  near  Canterbury,  i 
239  n. 

St.  Edmunds  Burie.  See  Bury 
St.  Edmunds. 

St.  James's  day,  Wotton's  alleged 
conceit  about,  i  103  n. 

St.  John,  Nicholas,  i  396  n. 

St.  John,  William  Paulet,  Lord,  visits 
Italy,  i  428,  440-1,  457,  ii  473  ;  in 
Venice,  i  442,  445. 

St.  Mark,  ii  155  n. 

St.  Monica,  ii  169. 

St.  Omers,  ii  147. 

St.  Paul,  i  393,  506,  ii  155  n,  184,  283. 

St.  Peter,  i  275,  356  n,  ii  155  n. 

Salerno,  Bishopric  of,  promised  De 
Dominis,  ii  228. 

Salice,  Hercole  de,  Grison  ambassador 
in  Venice,  ii  U9 ;  letter  to  HW,  150; 
mentioned  in  Table  Talk,  ii  495. 

Salisbury  Plain,  ii  193. 

Salisbury,  Sir  Robert  Cecil,  1st  E.  of 
(Lord  Cecil,  Viscount  Cranbome),  rivalry 
with  Essex,  i  29,  32,  317  ;  HW's 
requests  to,  about  New  College, 
32,  301-2 ;  about  German  mission, 
32,  305  ;  about  entering  his  service, 
44,  317-9  ;  friendship  for  HW, 
43-4,  108,  117,  317  ;  for  Edward 
Wotton,  34,  44,  317  ;  announces  HW's 
appointment  to  Venice,  45  ;  writes 
to  merchants  about  HW,  69,  328  n, 
ii  490  n  ;  HW  collects  pictures  for, 
i  60,  419  ;  accepts  Spanish  pension, 
63,  372  n ;  attitude  during  Interdict, 
83,  362  n  ;  reproves  HW  for  offer  of 
English  forces,  82-3,  361  n  ;  HW  asks 
help  for  payment  of  debts,  367  ; 
becomes  Lord  Treasurer,  431  ;  A. 
Morton   introduced  to,  460  ;    illness, 


13  n. 


ii  3;  death,  i  123,  126,  ii  3n.  13 
14  n,  483  ;  HW's  character  of,  i  ix, 
130,  ii  40  n,  413,  487-9;  mention  of, 
in  Table  Talk,  490,  493,  497-8 ; 
portrait  of,  i  xvi,  419,  452-3,  460; 
letters  to  HW,  49  n,  81,  82-3,  326, 
339,  346  n,  348,  357,  359  n,  361  n,  367, 
402  n,  408  n,  412,  413,  455,  466,  478, 
486,  489,  493;  to  New  College,  301  n  ; 
to  English  merchants,  69,  328  n, 
ii  490  n  ;  HW's  letters  to,  i  32,  44, 
49,  73,  112,  301,  305,  317,  320-37, 
342-69,  371-8,  380,  384-7,  391-4, 
396-417,  419-21,  429-32,  434-8,  443-4, 
451-7,  460-5.  468-74,  476-9.  483-7, 
489-96,  499,  503,  508,  ii  3-6,  419-33, 
474;  letters  to,  from  T.  Cornwallis. 
482  ;  H.  Detthick,  469  ;  James  I, 
i  105-6  ;  New  College,  301  n  ; 
G.  Nicolson,  41 ;  G.  Rooke,  ii  478 ; 
T.  Sackville,  i  292  n ;  T.  Wilson, 
39-40,  316; -9,  43  n,  58,  106,  118  n, 
ii  7,  8-9,  14,  479. 

Salisbury,  William,  2nd  E.  of  (Viscount 
Cranbome).  i  106  ;  travels  to  Italy, 
i  444 ;  HW  presents  mosaic  portrait 
to,  452.  460 ;  in  Venice,  461  n,  498, 
499  n ;  proposal  to  arrest,  488  n  ;  ill 
at  Padua,  114,  501  2  ;  HW's  letter  to, 
460,  ii  430. 

Sallust,  ii  150  n. 

Salo,  ii  142  ;  HW  visits,  i  436  n. 

Salomon.  '  old '  family  of  Venice,  i 
434  n. 

Saltanstone.     See  Saltonstall. 

Saltonstall,  Sir  Peter,  conducts  horses 
to  Turin,  i  120,  ii  i,  4-5 ;  returns 
before  HW,  i  124. 

Saltzburg,  ii  348. 

Salusti,  ii  499. 

Salvetti,  Amerigo  (Alessandro  Antel- 
minelli),  travels  to  Italy  with  HW, 
i  35,  ii  481 ;  attempts  to  assassinate,  i 
35-9 ;  follows  HW  to  Rome,  37  ;  HW 
negotiates  for  kidnapping  of,  39,  67, 
401-2,  ii  471,  478 ;  Salisbury's  letter 
about,  i  402  n  ;  with  HW  (1612), 
123  n  ;  his  newsletters,  i  35  n; 
quoted,  ii  399  n,  407  n. 

Salviati,  Leonardo,  his  edition  of 
Boccaccio,  ii  485. 

Sammon,  — ,  English  captain,  i  419. 

Samson,  — ,  English  pirate,  ii  215. 

San  Germano,  fall  of,  ii  107. 

San  Rocco.  Venetian  saint,  i  441, 
ii  103  n,  245. 

San  Thome,  ii  79  n,  362  n. 

Sancy,  Nicholas  Harlay  de,  French 
ambassador  in  Germany  (1589),  i  234, 
237 

Sandwich,  HW  at,  i  192,  ii  282 ;  HW 
M.P.  for,  i208n. 

Sandys,  Sir  Edwin,  his  Europe* 
Speculum,  translated  by  Bedell,  i  91. 


INDKX 


549 


Banminiati,    Aseanio     and    Nicolao, 

magistrates  of  Lucca,  HW's  letters  to, 
i  401  n,  402  n,  ii  124. 
Sanoka,  ii  98. 
Sans,  Card.,  i  290. 
S;inx  ire,  letter  dated  at,  i  502. 
Santa  Cruz,  Marquis  of,  sacks  Durazzo, 
i  857  n,  358  n. 
Santa  Maria,  fort  of,  ii  245. 

i  Severina,  Cardinal  of,  i  242. 
Santen.     See  Xanten. 
Santo  Fiore,  Count  of,  marries  Leonora 
Orsini,  i  285. 
Santori,  Paolo,  ii  269. 
Sanudo,     •  old '     family     of    Venice, 
i  4:54  n. 
Baraceni,    Canon,    imprisoned,    i    78, 
341;  released,  84,  389-90. 
Saranzo,    — ,    ambassador    at     Rome, 

ii  27«'>. 
Sarezana.  See  Sarzana. 
Sarpi,  Paolo  (more  correctly  Pietro), 
character  and  religious  attitude,  i  x, 
80-9.  93.  399-400,  447  n,  ii  260,  371-3  ; 
leader  of  anti-papal  party,  i  56,  77, 
97 ;  becomes  Theological  Counsellor, 
79  ;  HW  describes  as  Protestant,  88, 
399-400,  449 ;  Diodati  describes, 
ii  498 ;  helps  to  spread  Protestant 
doctrine,  i  393,  423-4,  447 n;  believes 
war  necessary,  93,  394  n  ;  relations 
with  HW.  87,  89,  91,  94,  406  n,  423-4, 
455 ;  meets  HW  secretly,  87  n,  455  n  ; 
Bedell  visits.  56,  86-7,  399,  406  n, 
ii  302,  462;  his  friendship  with 
Bedell  denied,  i  103  n;  helps  Bedell 
translate  Europae  Speculum,  91 ;  pro- 
ceedings against,  at  Rome,  345  n  ;  his 
opinion  of  Donate,  354  n  ;  attempted 
assassination,  88,  404-7,  440-2,  ii  371, 
479 ;  second  conspiracy  against,  i  442, 
453  ;  message  from  James  I,  408 ;  con- 
versations with  Diodati,  100,  400  n  ; 
with  Von  Dohna,  89,  92,  98  n.  354  n, 
424  n.  447  n  ;  with  Lenk,  480  n  ;  with 
Papillon,  92  ;  Donato  shows  Apologia 
to,  416  ;  his  proposals  to  James  I, 
98  5,  97.  113,  115,  161,  447,  455-6. 
476  n,  ii  148,  463;  helps  translate 
Premonition,  i  102,  466;  his  opinion  of, 
466  n,  469  n  ;  refuses  Pope's  rebeni- 
diction,  481-2;  HW  complains  of 
his  caution,  116  ;  opinion  of  Savoy 
marriage,  115  ;  HW  renews  re- 
lations with  (1616),  149,  ii  99; 
James  I  warned  about  speaking  of, 
100-1 ;  thinks  of  leaving  Venice,  i  88, 
151,  ii  100  n  ;  Prince  of  Condo  visits, 
250-1,  372;  death,  i  191,  ii  259- 
60 ;  mention  of,  in  Tabic  Talk, 
490,  498  ;  portrait  of,  sent  by  HW 
to  James  I,  i  88,  398-400;  intercepted 
at  Milan,  399  n  ;  another  sent,  407-8, 
411;  sent  to  Dr.  Collins,  ii  370-1 ;  note 


on,  478-9  ;  letters  quoted,  i  99  n.  115. 

448  n,  466  n,  469  n,  ii  160  n,  329  n  ; 

his  History  of  Interdict  lent  to  Bedell, 

i  128-9  :  lltstnnj  oj  Council  of  Trent,  87, 

149,  ii  97,   100,  280,  486;  HW  men- 
tions, to    Protestant   Princes,     178; 

De  Dominis  takes  to  England,  i  150, 

ii  280  ;  asked  about  authorship,  251, 

371-2;— i   103  n,    452,  486  n,  4M  n. 

ii  171  n,  252  n. 
Sarzana,  contest  between  Genoa  and 

Florence  about,  i  279. 
Saumur,  i  486  n. 
Savile,  Sir  Henry,  ii  397  n  ;  his  edition 

of  Chrysostom,  i  428  n;  death,  199, 

200;  letter  to  Carleton,  i  199  n. 
Savoy,  i  297,  300 ;  HW  travels  through, 

(1612)    i     121,    ii    4-6,     (1616)    95; 

pirates  from,  i  322. 
Savoy,  Dukes  of,  ii  498.     See  Charles 

Emmanuel,  Victor. 
Savoy,  Prince  of,  ii  492. 
Savoy,  Isabella,  Infanta  of,  i  426. 
Savoy,     Margharita,     Infanta    of,     i 

426. 
Savoy,    Maria,    Infanta  of,    proposed 

marriage  to  Prince  Henry,  i   114-6, 

119-25,    ii   477  ;   to   Prince  Charles, 

i   116,  ii  26;  HW  sees,  i   114,   121; 

praises,  124;  portrait  of,   124  n. 
Savoy,  Prince  Maurice  of,  Card.,  i  426, 

ii  399. 
Saxham  Parva,  Suffolk,  i  456  n. 
Saxony,  Christian  II,  Elector  of,  i  306 ; 

John  George,  ii  169,  195  n,  203. 
Say,  Matthew,  Eton  waterman,  ii  393, 

402. 
Scaliger,   Joseph   Justus,    HW   visits, 

i   25-6 ;    Casaubon   writes   to,  about 

HW,   26;  his  letters  quoted,    26  n; 

attacked  by  Scioppius,  127. 
Scapius,  P.,  acquaintance  of  HW's  at 

the  Hague,  i  301 ;  at  Heidelberg  with 

HW,  301  n. 
Scaramelli,  Giovanni  Carlo,  Venetian 

envoy    to    England,    i    315  n,    319 ; 

Venetian  secretary,  visits    HW,   50; 

HW  meets  secretly,  79,  34")  n. 
Scarnafissi,  Count  of,  ambassador  from 

Savoy  to  England,  i  151,  ii  464,  477 ; 

at  the  Hague,  ii  79  n. 
Scena,  ii  499. 
Schenk,  Martin,  ii  46  n. 
Schenk's  Sconce,  ii  46,  71. 
SchOnberg,      Hans      Meinhard      von, 

Marshal  of  the  Palatinate,  ii  55,  57, 

72,  90. 
SchOnbrunn,   Lustschloss  at,  i  245-7, 

258,  261,  269-70. 
Schomburgh.     See  SchOnberg. 
Schopp.     See  Scioppius. 
Schwarzenberg,    Count    of.    Imperial 

ambassador  in  England,  ii  888, 
Sciarra,  Marco,  i  272  n,  432,  ii  494. 


550 


INDEX 


Scioppius,  Caspar,  quotes  HW's  defini- 
tion of  an  ambassador,  i  49  n,  126; 
tells  anecdote  of  HW,  69  n ;  attacks 
Apologia  of  James  I  in  his  Ecclesiasticus, 
126-7,  129 ;  HW's  reply  to,  127,  194, 
ii  9-11 ;  the  parents  of,  i  127  n  ;  ii  10  ; 
goes  to  Milan,  109 ;  to  Kome,  124  n, 
211  ;  writes  Corona  Regia,  92  n  ; 
Centuria  Censurarum,  124  ;  note  on, 
479-80. 

Scipioni,  Alberto.     SeeAlberti. 

Sconvelt,  lutes  of,  ii  119. 

Scordili,  Piero,  Greek  captain,  insults 
HW,  i  479. 

Scotia.     See  Scotland. 

Scotland,  HW's  mission  to,  (1601) 
i  18,  40,  45,  108  n,  314-5,  316  n.  388, 
ii  96  n,  300,  316  ;  HW  arrives  in,  i  41 ; 
spends  winter  of  1601-2  in,  42  ; 
dispute  about  fishing  on  coasts,  ii 
76 ;  James  I  visits,  118  n.  122  n  ; 
Charles  I  visits,  343,  457 ;  return  of 
Charles  I  from,  i  260,  210,  ii  349 ; 
boys  from,  and  Eton  scholarships, 
368;  troubles  in,  383  n,  385,  387, 
394,  399,  402,  406,  410  ;— i  6,  43  n,  44, 
70  n,  153,  208  n,  217,  309,  338  n,  378, 
506  n,  ii  399  n,  468. 

Scott,  Eeginald,  writer  against  witch- 
craft, i  230. 

Scottish  gentleman  in  Rome,  suspected 
by  HW,  i  273. 

Scudamore,  James.  Branthwaite  his 
tutor  in  Paris,  ii  364  n,  382  n,  465. 

Scudamore,  John,  1st  Visct.,  ambas- 
sador in  France,  ii  364  n,  382  n,  465. 

Sebastian,  Don,  pretendant  to  Portugal, 
ii494. 

Sedan,  ii  248. 

Seget,  Thomas,  HW  intercedes  for, 
i68. 

Segna,  pirates  at,  i  148. 

Selden,  John,  ii  37  n. 

Selston,  Notts.,  ii  328  n. 

Seminaries,  Protestant.     See  Religion. 

Semiticala,  Celestina,  i  440. 

Seneca,  ii  341  n  ;  quoted,  i  236,  253, 
254  n,  324,  331,  471. 

Senes.     See  Cenis. 

Sessa,  Duchess  of,  i  286. 

Sessa,  Ferdinand,  D.  of,  Spanish  ambas- 
sador in  Rome,  i  286. 

Seymer,  John,  ii  480. 

Seynier,  Richard,"  with  HW  at  the 
Hague,  i  136  n ;  describes  Dutch  and 
Spanish  armies,  54  n ;  in  Venice,  i 
145  n  ;  sent  to  England,  ii  80 :  to  Milan. 
115  ;  to  England  with  Cerronio,  117, 
120,  122  n,  123  n;  returns,  156;  sent 
to  Grisons,  150  n ;  letters  of,  i  136  n. 
ii  54  n ;  note  on.  480. 

Seymer,  Robert,  i  136  n,  ii  54  n. 

Sfondrati,  Nicolo.     See  Gregory  XIV: 

Sforza,  Francesco,  Card.,  i  285.  434  n. 


Shaftesbury,  ii  294  n. 

Shakespeare,  i  in,  x,  31,  45,  66,  130-1, 
206  n,  225,  408  n,  ii  17  n,  33  n,  218  n, 
335  n. 

Shandowes.     See  Chandos. 

Shannon,  Francis  Boyle,  1st  Visct., 
at  Eton  under  HW,  i  203-4  ;  ii  355, 
357-61. 

Shansie.     See  Sancy. 

Sharpe,  Leonel,  arrest  of,  ii  38-9,  41 ; 
Vicar  of  Bocton  Malherbe,  88  n,  324. 

Sheffield,  Lord,  i  373  n. 

Sheffield.  Lady,  mother  of  Sir  Robert 
Dudley,  i  373  n. 

Shelland,  Suffolk,  ii  471. 

Shenck's  Sconse.    See  Schenk's  Sconce. 

Sherborne,  Dorset,  ii  361  n. 

Sherley,  Sir  Anthony,  at  Ingolstadt(?), 
i  242  ;  his  mission  to  Persia,  37,  242  ; 
arrives  in  Florence,  introduces  HW 
to  Ferdinand  I,  37,  39 ;  in  Rome, 
37-8,  242  n,  430 ;  imprisoned  in 
Venice,  38  ;  writes  to  Pickering  Wot- 
ton  about  HW,  39 ;  his  death,  38. 

Sherley,  Sir  Robert,  in  Italy  as  Persian 
ambassador,  i  477. 

Sherley,  Sir  Thomas,  i  242  n,  ii  473.  • 

Sherwood,  — ,  English  priest  at  Leg- 
horn, i  388,  402. 

Ship  Money  Fleet,  the,  ii  352. 

Shooter's  Hill,  ii  323. 

Shrewsbury,  battle  of,  ii  304  n. 

Shrewsbury.  Elizabeth.  Countess  of,  ii 
23. 

Shuckburgh,  E.  S.,  ii  462. 

Sicily,  i  148.  296,  ii  112  n.  181  n,  395  n. 
495. 

Sidney.  Sir  Philip,  i  3 ;  at  Frankfort, 
12  ;  at  Vienna  with  Edward  Wotton, 
14  ;  suspicions  about,  21  ;  his  arms. 
193  n  ;  letter  of,  ii  489. 

Siena,  HW  at,  21-2,  28.  220,  287,  289- 
99;  ii  364,  382;  Accademia  degli 
Intronati,  486 ;— i  17.  333,  370,  399. 
ii  244,  379. 

Sigismund  III.  K.  of  Sweden  and 
Poland,  i  231  n,  249,  278. 

Sigonie,  M.  de.  sent  to  Prague,  ii  191  n, 
193-6. 

Sigonius.     See  Sigonie. 

Silesia,  i  166,  ii  180  n,  197.  201-2. 

Silva,  Ruy  Gomez  de,  ii  41. 

Simancas,  Archives  at,  i  63. 

Simmern,  D.  of,  Administrator  of  the 
Palatinate,  ii  345. 

Singleton,  — ,  priest,  i  399. 

Sirach,  Jesus,  son  of,  ii  370. 

Six  Clerks  in  Chancery,  i  117  n  ;  HW's 
reversion  to,  117,  507  n,  ii  73,  86  n, 
131  n ;  yields  to  Sir  William  Beecher, 
i  200 ;  ii  316  ;  Dynely  desires  reversion 
to,  310,  470. 

Sixtus  IV,  Pope,  mentioned  in  Table 
Talk,  ii  492. 


INDEX 


551 


Sixtus  V,  Pope,  character  of,  i  332; 
death.  16,  242  n,  491 ;  mention  of,  in 
Talk  Talk,  ii  491,  493,  496;— i  274  n, 
276,  333. 

Slade,  Samuel,  i  438  n. 

Slawata,  Count  William,  '  defenestra- 
tion '  of,  i  160,  ii  158 ;  at  Passau,  ii  197, 
199. 

Bleidan.     See  Philippson. 

Smith,—  ,\voodmonger  of  Westminster, 
ii  292. 

Smythe,  Edward,  tutor  of  Francis 
Davison,  i  227  n. 

Snath,  Moravia,  ii  198. 

Soderina,  the,  captured  by  English 
pirates,  i  74. 

Sodom,  i  127,  286. 

Soliman  I,  Sultan  of  Turkey,  ii  197. 

Solms,  Count  Albert,  envoy  to  Xanten , 
ii  58,  63. 

Solomon,  i  219,  ii  10,  205,  296. 

Somerset,  Charles,  6th  D.  of,  ii  304  n. 

Somerset,  Edward  Seymour,  1st  D.  of 
{the  Protector),  i  7,  ii  146  n. 
.  Somerset,  Robert  Carr,  1st  E.  of  (Vis- 
count Rochester),  willing  HW  should  be 
appointed  Secretary,  i  123  ;  HW  asks 
for  increase  of  pension,  129,  ii  8-9  ; 
and  Overbury's  arrest,  20-4,  28; 
created  Earl  of  Somerset,  33  ;  his  fall, 
102  n ;  HW's  poem  on,  i  144  ;  ii  415  ; 
HWs  letters  to,  8,  43,  433-4 ;— 18-9, 
21,  24,  28,  40-1,  80,  472,  475. 

Somerset,  Thomas,  Visct.,  ii  17. 

Somersyde,  — ,  English  priest,  i  334. 

Somnius  or  Sonnius,  Joannes,  book- 
seller at  Paris,  312,  314. 

Sonderberg,  John,  D.  of,  ii  157  n. 

Sondrio,  Protestant  seminary  at,  i 
161-2,  ii  149. 

Sonnius.     See  Somnius. 

Sophia,  ii  108. 

Soranzo, '  old  '  family  of  Venice,  i  434  n. 

Soranzo,  Lazzaro,  his  Ottomanno,  ii  485. 

South  Molton,  Devonshire,  ii  473. 

Southake,  Mr.,  chaplain  with  Sir  Henry 
Peyton,  i  156,  ii  153  n,  155. 

Southwell,  Elizabeth,  follows  Sir  Robert 
Dudley  to  Italy,  i  69,  375  ;  married  at 
Lyons,  373  n  ;  HW  sends  greetings 
to,  379. 

Southwell,  Thomas,  Jesuit,  ii  396;  his 
Begttla  Viva,  ii  393  n. 

Spa,  ii  460. 

Spain,  condition  of,  i  24, 148,  340, 359  n ; 
threatens  Venice,  50 ;  dominion  in 
Italy.  18 ;  war  with  England,  17,  29, 
73;  preparations  in  (1602),  316;  peace 
declared,  76,  320,  328,  353 ;  pensions 
from,  63,  159,  327,  372  n;  remark  of 
James  I  about,  62  n  ■  news  from. 
380-1,  440 ;  and  James  I,  61,  122,  S29  ; 
and  papacy,  329,  ii  107,  208  n,  226 ; 
attempted  combinations  against,  75, 


94,  97-9,  107,  113,  115,  135,  468  n,  482, 
484  n,  487;  attitude  during  Interdict, 
see  Philip  III;  HWs  remark  about, 
374  n  ;  opposes  readmission  of  Jesuits 
to  Venice,  385  n ;  and  Orison  republics, 
896  ;     war   with    United    Provinces, 
829  n  ;  treaty  with,  i  94,  881  n,  898-5, 
400  n,  409  n,  416  n,  440-1,  445, 
predominance  after  death  of  Henry  IV, 
i    97,    107,    147-8;    negotiations    for 
English    marriages,     114,     119,     see 
Charlos  I  ;   French  marriage  treaty, 
ii  4  n,  52;   HW's  proposed  embassy 
to,  i  134,  459  n  ;  forces  invade  Juliers- 
Cleves    territory,    see    Spinola ;    and 
treaty  of  Xanten,  see  Philip  III ;  war 
with  Savoy,  see  Charles  Emmanuel ; 
naval  preparations  in,  (1618)  155, 163, 
ii  163, 169, 170  n;  assists  Ferdinand  II, 
i  160  ;    war  with   United  Provinces 
renewed,  182  ;  troops  of,  invade  Pala- 
tinate, 168,   182;    invade  Valtelline, 
179,    182,    ii    211    n  ;     Charles    and 
Buckingham  visit,  i  181,  ii  267  n,  269, 
290;   war  with  England,   313,    323; 
war  of  Mantuan   succession,    331 ; — 
Kings  of,   see  Philip  II,  Philip  III, 
Philip  IV ;  ambassadors  to  and  from, 
see  Ambassadors;  Viceroys  and  Gover- 
nors in  Italy,  i  148,  180,  see  Castile, 
Feria,     Fuentes,      Inojosa,     Ossuna, 
Toledo;— 58,    61,    146,    160,    178-80, 
270,  321,  334,  356,  366,  418,  423,  432-3, 
440-1,467,  477,  479,  490,  ii  104,  344  n, 
365,  399,414,  455,  471-2,  480-1,  492. 
Spalato  or  Spalatro,  ii  138  n,  229. 
Spalato,  Archbp.  of.    -See  Dominis. 
Spedding,  James,  his  Life  of  Bacon,  i  viii, 
x,  ii  352  n,  his  defence  of  A.  Bacon, 
i82n. 
Spenser,  Edmund,  i  3. 
Spenser,  Sir  Richard,  ii  81  n. 
Speroni,  Sperone,  his  Canace,  ii  486. 
Speyer,  i  238,  256  n,  300. 
Spezia,  i  279  n. 

Spice  Islands,  trade  with,  ii  73  n. 
Spiere.  See  Speyer. 
Spinola,  Ambrosio  de,  M.  of,  goes  to 
Spain  (1604),  i  326;  to  Genoa,  342; 
conducts  campaign  of  1614,  136-9, 
ii  43  n,  47  n,  51>  70-2 ;  captures 
Wesel,  i  137,  ii  46,  70-2;  treats  for 
truce,  48,  50  n ;  question  of  title.  49, 
50  ;  visits  HW  at  Wesel,  53-4;  HW 
visits  his  army,  53  ;  and  execution  of 
treaty,  i  139,  ii  59-61,  62  n,  65 ;  HW 
writes  to,  61 ;  refuses  to  give  up  cap- 
tured territory,  69  n  ;  invades  Palati- 
nate (1620),  i  168,  174,  ii  185.  808; 
besieges  Bergen-op-Zoom,  248 ;  HW's 
letter  to,  61,  435;— i  336,  ii  56,  58, 
74  n,  320,  464. 
Spliigen  Pass,  HW  crosses,  (1623)  i  49, 
ii  280  n. 


552 


INDEX 


Stade  (Stode,  Stoad),  in  North  Ger- 
many. Wotton  lands  at,  (1589)  10, 
228-232;  letter  dated  at,  229. 

Stafford,  Sir  Thomas,  ii  356  n. 

Stalbridge,  estate  of,  purchased  by- 
Lord  Cork,  ii  361  n. 

Standen,  Sir  Anthony,  meets  Tyrone 
in  Rome,  i  430. 

Standly.     See  Stanley. 

Stanford,  Northants,  i  396  n,  398  n, 
ii  249  n. 

Stanhope,  Henry  Lord,  marries 
Catherine  Wotton,  ii  312  n. 

Stanhope,  John,  1st  Baron,  ii  20. 

Stanislaus,  assumed  name  of  Cerronio. 
ii  115. 

Stanley,  Edward,  Spanish  pensioner 
in  Milan,  i  327,  476-7. 

Stanley,  Sir  Rowland,  327  n. 

Stanley,  Sir  William,  i  327. 

Stanton  St.  John,  manor  of,  leased  to 
HW,  i  32,  301,  310  n. 

States,  the.     See  United  Provinces. 

States-General.     See  United  Provinces. 

SteganograpJiia.     See  Tritheim. 

Stendhal  (Henri  Beyle),  i  22  n. 

Sterling,  William  Alexander,  1st  E.  of, 
ii  309  n. 

Steward,  James,  ii  292. 

Steward,  Richard,  Provost  of  Eton, 
i224. 

Sticke,  Dr.,  German  envoy  to  England, 
ii  67-8,  72. 

Stirling,  i  41. 

Stoake,  Stephen.     See  Stocke. 

Stocke,  Stephen,  English  merchant  at 
Lucca,  sells  ammunition  to  Pope, 
i  380,  408. 

Stode.     See  Stade. 

Stourton,  i  327  n. 

Strachan,  David,  ii  293. 

Strafford,  Sir  Thomas  Wentworth,  1st 
E.  of,  HW's  friendship  with,  i  212; 
presents  cane  to,  ii  314  ;  execution  of, 
i  221,  ii  480  ;  letters  to  HW,  122  n  ; 
HW's  letters  to,  i  208,  ii  306-7,  314, 
450  ;  Garrard's  letters  to,  ii  304  n, 
348  n,  351  n,  403  n. 

Strasburg,  HW  at,  (1604)  i  320,  (1620) 
ii  182,  187  ;  representatives  of,  visit 
HW  at  Heilbronn,  ii  176-7 ;  syndic 
of,  177 ;  letter  from,  187  n ;— i  25,  234, 
ii  189. 

Strivali,  i  74. 

Stroude,  "Capt.,'  officer  under  Peyton, 
ii  153  n. 

Stuart,  the  Lady  Arabella,  her  reported 
engagement  to  Stephen  Bogdan,  i  414, 
437-8;  has  play  suppressed  in  London, 
414  n ;  imprisonment  of,  ii  23. 

Stuart,  Elizabeth,  i  189  n. 

Sturio,  Johannes,  at  Speyer,  corre- 
spondent of  HW,  i  300. 

Sturmius,  Johannes,  i  253. 


Stuteville,  Sir  Martin,  ii  300  n. 

Stuttgart,  ii  195. 

Styremarke,  i  252. 

Styria,  i  174,  368  ;  Duke  of.  see  Charles, 

Ferdinand  II. 
Sudbury,  ii  392. 
Suetonius,  quoted,  ii  341. 
Suffolk,  i  378  n,  456  n,  ii  29,  285,  302, 

312,  394,  405,  409. 
Suffolk,  Theophilus  Howard,  2nd  E.  of, 

ii  16. 
Suffolk,  Lord  Thomas  Howard,  1st  E. 

of,  commands  Cadiz  expedition,  i  31 ; 

Lord  Treasurer,  ii  41,  76,  81 ;  family 

and  party  of,  19,  24,  28 ;    friendship 

with  Salisbury,  489  n ;    HW's  letter 

to,  441 ;  Bargrave  to,  115  n  ; — i  498  n, 

ii  39-40. 
Suidas,  quoted,  i  313. 
Sully,  Maximilian  de  Bethune,  Due  de, 

i  145,  383,  481  n,  ii  497  n. 
Sunda.     See  Sondrio. 
Surrey,  ii  380. 
Susa,  treaty  of.  ii  313  n. 
Sussex,  ii  360-1. 
Sutton,  Line,  ii  105  n. 
Sutton,  Thomas,  his  will,  i  161  n. 
Swabia,  ii  344  n. 
Sweden,  i  270,  ii  89,  344  n,  345,  386  n, 

395,  399  n,  400,  404 ;  Kings  of,  463, 

496,  see  Gustavus,  John,  Sigismund. 
Sweete,  John,  English  priest  in  Rome, 

i  430,  465 ;   HW  intercepts  letter  of, 

430  n. 
Swinnerton,    Sir  John,    Lord   Mavor, 

ii  14. 
Swiss,  the,  and  Henry  IV,  i  33,  304 ; 

proposed  league  with,  80. 
Switzerland,  i  98,  180,  298,  349  n,  418, 

ii  96,  495. 
Syracides.     See  Sirach. 
Syrus,  Publius,  quoted,  ii  355. 

T.,  Lord,  ii  330. 

Tabor,  Bohemia,  ii  194. 

Tacitus,    quoted,     ii     110,    199.    211, 

395. 
Tagliaferro,Bartolomeo,fencing-master 

at  Padua,  i  411-2. 
Tailor,  Henry,  ii  93. 
Tailor,  Robert,  ii  13  n. 
Talamone,  ii  299. 
Tampier.     See  Dampierre. 
Tancredo,  play  by  HW,  i  5. 
Tartars,  i  231. 
Tassell.     See  Texel. 
Tasso,  Torquato,  at  Naples,  i  20,  272  n  ; 

his    Aminta,    ii   484-5 ;     Gerusalemme 

Liberata,  i  5;  Torrismondo,  ii  158. 
Tassoni,  Alessandro,  ii  223. 
Taxis,  John  de,  cipher  name  for  Lord 

Darcy.     See  Darcy. 
Tebriz,   lake   of,    defeat  of  Cicala   at, 

i  342  n. 


INDEX 


553 


Tegrimi,  Francesco,  <>f  Lqcoa,  sent  to 
Venice,  i  401  n,  402 ;  HW's  letter  to,  ii 

Tvlemone.     See  Talamone. 

Temple,  Sir  William,  Provost  of  Trinity 
College,  Dublin,  ii  301  n. 

Terence,  quoted,  i  238. 

Terra  del  Fuego,  ii  346. 

T(  ii  ingham,  Arthur,  with  1IW  (1616  , 
145  n  ;  sent  with  Cerronio  to  England, 
ii  118,  120,  122  n  ;  note  on,  ii  480. 

Terzo,  Lorenzo,  Jesuit,  HW  intercepts 
letter  of,  i  352. 

Texel,  the,  loss  of  Dutch  ships  in, 
ii  395. 

Teynhain,  Robert  Lord,  i  445  n. 

Thames,  the,  i  84,  ii  12,  393  n. 

Theatini,  the,  return  of,  to  Venice, 
i  385  ;  bequest  to,  ii  114. 

Thebe,  Q.  of  Lombardy,  ii  498-9. 

Thelwall,  Anthony,  ii  403. 

Themistocles,  ii  372. 

Theobalds,  i  105,  192,  419  n,  ii  180,  186, 
343. 

Theriaca.     See  Triaca. 

Thetford,  ii  20. 

Thirleby,  Robert,  ii  466. 

Thirty  Years'  War,  the,  causes  of,  134 ; 
beginning  of,  160,  ii  158  n;  policy  of 
Venice  in,  i  160;  course  of,  (1618-9) 
165-8,  (1620)  167-8,(1621)  176,  (1629- 
38)  ii  318,  320,  323,  327  n,  331,  341. 
344-5,  348,  395,  400  ;—i  ix,  143, 
168-9,  215,  ii  310  n. 

Tlwmas,  ship  of  London,  i  452,  460. 

Thomson,  Richard,  helps  HW  to 
become  an  inmate  of  Casaubon's 
house.  23.  298  n  ;  Casaubon  writes  to, 
about  HW,  26. 

Thornel,  Thornell,  or  Thornhill,  Dr. 
John,  protected  by  Venetian  ambassa- 
dor in  England,  i  331. 

Thornton,  Robert,  captain  of  the  Mer- 
chant Royal,  i  63,  338  n,  388  n. 

Thoroton,  Dr.  Robert,  ii  465. 

Thou,  J.  A.  de,  desires  Bedell's  trans- 
lation of  Sarpi's  History  of  Interdict, 
i  128-9  ;  letter  of  Casaubon  to,  128. 

Throckmorton, Sir  Arthur,  HW  invites 
to  London,  ii  11-2  ;  gives  HW 
horse,  ii  12  ;  marriages  of  his  daugh- 
ters, i  484  n,  i i  29 ;  mention  of,  in 
HW's  will,  i  217;  note  on,  ii  480-1  ; 
HW's  letters  to,  i  483,  506,  ii  11,  431, 
433  ;— i  31,  118,  ii  288  n,  330  n,  343  n, 
409. 

Throckmorton,  Sir  John,  Lieut-Gover- 
nor of  Flushing,  ii  46  ;  letters  of,  about 
HW,  46  n,  58  n;  HW's  letter  to, 
ii  74  n,  435. 

Throckmorton,  Lady,  ii  12,  323,  380. 

Throckmorton,  Sir  Nicholas,  ii  480-1, 
11 VY  bequeaths  diplomatic  papers  of, 
to  Charles  I,  i  217. 


Throckmorton,  Thomas,  ii  456. 
Throgmorton.     See  Throckmorton. 
Thucydides,  quoted,  i  308,  ii  171* 
Thurn,    Count,    Bohemian     general, 

i  166,  ii  180  n. 
Tiber,  the,  i  412,464. 
Tieni,  family  of,  ii  K,7. 
Tiepolo,  ■  old '  family  of  Venice,  i  434  n. 
Tiepolo,  Bernardo,  assumed   name   of 

Foscarini,  ii  232. 
Tilly,    Count    of,    invades    Bohemia, 

i  173;  Upper  Palatinate,  181. 
Tintoretto,  i  18,  62,  55. 
Tipperary,  i  310. 
Tirrhene  Sea,  i  272. 
Titi,  Roberto,  i  22  n. 
Titian,  i  55,  216,  419,  ii  257,  350. 
Todd,  Henry,  editor  of  Milton,  ii  381  n. 
Toledo.     See  Toleto. 
Toledo,    Don   Pedro   de,   governor    of 

Milan,  i  148,  151-2,  ii  108  n,  156  n. 
Tolentini,  the,  i  385. 
Toleto,  Card.,  i  295,  332. 
Tolommei,  Claudio,  his  Lettere,  ii  484. 
Torre,     Giacomo,     knave     in     HW's 

house,    offers    to    kill   De    Dominis, 

i  65  n. 
Torre,  Giulio  della,  i  395. 
Torrismondo  of  Tasso,  acted  at  Vicenza, 

iil58. 
Torsoni.     See  Tassoni. 
Tortus,    Matthia,    Bellarmine    writes 

under  the  name  of,  i  100,  482  n. 
Totnes,  ii  106  n. 
Totnes,  George  Carew,  1st  E.  of,  ii  168, 

469. 
Tradescant,  John,  HW  sends  Finocchio 

to,  i  59. 
Transylvania,  Prince  of.     See  Bathori, 

Gabor. 
Treiste.     See  Trieste. 
Trent,  i  437,  ii  209;  Council  of,  ii  11, 

98  :  Sarpi's  History  of.  See  Sarpi. 
Treves,  Lothary,  Elector  of,  ii  31. 
Trevisan,    '  new '    family    of  Venice, 

ii  135  n. 
Treviso,  i  410  n. 
Triaca,    sent    by   HW  from    Venice, 

i  427,  ii  106. 
Trier.     See  Treves. 
Trieste,  i  434,  ii  163,  170  n. 
Trinity  House,  i  163  n. 
Tritheim,     Johann     (Trithemius\    his 

Steganographia,  i  15,  253-4,  258,  261-2, 

265-7,  269. 
Trojans,  the,  i  264. 

Tron,  '  new '  family  of  Venice,  ii  135  n. 
Troy,  i  310.  ii  33. 
Troyes,  HW  at,  ii  4. 
Trumbull,  William,  English  agent  at 

Brussels,  ii  44-5,  56,  71-2,  93,  481 ; 

meets  HW  at  Antwerp,  91. 
Tudor,  Margaret,  sister  of  Henry  VIII, 

i  458  n. 


554 


INDEX 


Tufton.  Sir  John,  ii  343  n. 

Tufton.  Lady  (Margaret  Wotton),  ii  343, 
412. 

Tunis,  i  73,  415  n,  ii  215 ;  Bey  of,  i  73. 

Tunstall.  Kent,  ii  344  n. 

Turetini,  — ,  nephew  of  Giovanni 
Diodati,  writes  of  HW  in  Paris, 
i  116. 

Turin.  HW  at,  (1611)  i  114-5,  119, 
500  n,  (1612)  121-3,  129,  ii  2  n,  4,  6, 
96  n,  464,  (1616)  i  144-7,  ii  94-6,  98; 
HW's  spies  in,  i  65,  359 ;  Piazza 
Castello,  122  ;  ambassadors  to  and 
from,  see  Ambassadors  ; — 119,  124, 
ii  103,  173  n,  464,498-9. 

Turkey,  and  Venice,  i  50,  358  n  ;  and 
Empire,  16,  249,  261,  267-8,  356  n, 
477;  army  invades  Poland,  230-1; 
English  ammunition  sent  to,  408  ; 
pirates  from,  272,  ii  215 ;  reported 
war  with  Matthias,  15-6,  18;  army 
invades  Hungary,  197,  202 ;  war  of 
Candia,  212  n ;  ambassadors  to,  see 
Ambassadors  ;—i  37,  110,  292  n,  414, 
467,  ii  111  n. 

Turkey,  Sultan  of,  ii  495.  See  Achmet, 
Osman,  Mustafa,  Soliman. 

Turks,  employed  by  Julius  II, 
ii  251 ;  burn  English  ship,  i 
338  n;— 74,  ii  215,  495,  498.  See 
Turkey. 

Turnebe,  Adrien,  teacher  of  Hot  man, 
i  234,  237. 

Turner,  Samuel,  M.P.,  attacks  Buck- 
ingham, ii  294. 

Turner,  Capt.  William,  offers  to  betray 
HW,  and  imprisoned  at  HW's 
request,  i  368-9 ;  letter  of,  488. 

Turvil,  Mr.,  ii  323. 

Tuscany,  HW  ordered  to  remain  in, 
i  21,  287,  290,  294  ;  fleet  of,  English 
slaves  in,  68  n,  see  Florence  ;  Grand 
Dukes  of,  ii  498,  see  Ferdinand,  Cosmo ; 
envoys  to  and  from,  see  Ambassadors ; 
— i  62,  70  n,  217,  373  n,  456,  ii  106, 
114,  498. 

Tusser,  Francis,  ii  467. 

Twittie  or  Tweddye,  Henry,  spy 
employed  by  HW,  i  428  n. 

Typenbach,  Baron  von,  ii  281  n. 

Tyrconnell,  E.  of,  accompanies  Tyrone 
to  Italy,  i  417  n,  430. 
Tyringham,  Anthony,  ii  480. 

Tyrol,  the,  i  179,  395,  490,  ii  156  n, 
245  n,  281  n. 

Tyrone,  Hugh  O'Neill,  2nd  E.  of,  and 
Essex,  i  307  ;  price  put  on  head  of, 
491  n ;  his  treaty  with  Essex,  33-4 ; 
his  flight  to  Italy,  33,  70,  417-8  ;  HW 
mentions  in  speech  to  Doge,  33-43, 
417  n  ;  proposal  to  assassinate,  66, 
420  n,  421-3;  in  Rome,  429-30,  476  ; 
death  of,  ii  107;  his  wife,  i  430, 
ii  107. 


Udal,  — ,  ii  497. 

Ulm,  ii  189  ;  HW  at,  i  193,  ii  182,  187  ; 
treaty  of,  i  172;  representatives  of, 
visit  HW,  ii  176-7  ;  letter  from, 
187  n. 

Ulster,  i  407  n. 

Ulysses,  i  25. 

Unfortunate  Piety,  The,  ii  333  n. 

Union,  the  German  Protestant,  HW 
urges  closer  relations  with  Venice, 
i  76,  84  ;  proposed  league,  360,  361  n, 
354-5  ;  HW  wishes  to  visit,  113,  454-5, 
484 ;  form  league  with  James  I,  ii  15, 
63  n  ;  with  United  Provinces,  i  140, 
ii  62-4,  68  n,  77  ;  Spain  determined 
to  conquer,  i  140,  ii  68  n  ;  and  Juliers- 
Cleves,  47,  54,  58,  61,  492;  HW 
proposes  league  with  Savoy  and 
Venice,  i  144-6,  151,  ii  88  n,  107; 
offers  to  negotiate,  i  151,  ii  107  n  ; 
HW  again  urges  closer  relations  with 
Venice,  163-6,  170  n,  171  n ;  com- 
missioned by  Venice  to  negotiate  for, 
i  159,  165,  ii  172  n,  177  ;  HW  meets 
at  Heilbronn,  i  165-6,  193,  ii  150, 
173,  176-9,  180  n  ;  suggests  plan 
of  Protestant  seminaries  to,  i  162, 
ii  150,  177-9  ;  James  I  writes  to, 
199  n  ;  neutrality  of,  secured  in 
Bohemian  war,  i  168.  172  ;  James  I 
head  of,  ii  107  n,  164  ;  ambassadors 
to  and  from,  see  Ambassadors. 

United  Provinces,  the  Dutch,  power  of, 
i  24  ;  HW  urges  closer  relations  with 
Venice,  76,  424  ;  proposed  league, 
360 ;  proposed  alliance  of  England 
and  France  to  help,  382  n,  383 ;  war 
with  Spain,  329  n,  356  n ;  negotiations 
for  truce,  134,  381  n,  393-5,  400  n, 
409,  416,  440-1,  445,  ii  56  ;  armistice, 
i  391  ;  truce  proclaimed,  94,  454  n  ; 
Spain's  pretensions  renounced,  416, 
424  ;  send  ambassador  to  Venice,  94, 
99,  424,  455-6,  476;  HW  praises, 
476  n ;  HW  ambassador  to,  i  ix,  115  n, 
134-43,  193,  ii  41-86  ;  desire  for 
peace,  52,  60  ;  negotiations  about 
treaty  of  Xanten,  see  Xanten  ;  and 
fall  of  Wesel,  70-2  ;  form  league  with 
German  Union,  i  140,  ii  62-4,  68  n, 
77  ;  negotiations  about  trade  with 
England,  i  142,  ii  73-4,  76-8  ;  send 
aid  to  Charles  Emmanuel,  i  140, 
ii  79  n,  477  ;  proposed  league  with 
Venice  and  Savoy,  i  144-6 ;  English 
soldiers  in  service  of,  136. 142-3;  come 
to  Venice  with  Dutch  troops,  153-4, 
161,  see  Vere,  Sir  John  ;  troops  of.  in 
Venetian  service,  161,  ii  154,  213; 
fleet  of,  comes  to  Venice,  i  155,  161, 
ii  154  n  ;  war  with  Spain  renewed, 
i  182;  league  with  Venice,  ii  227, 
238  n ;  send  ambassador,  258-9  ;  war 
with   Spain,    318,    344  5  ;    treat    for 


INDEX 


.").")."> 


peace,  341 ;  ambassadors  from  and 
to,  see  Ambassadors ;  States-General 
of,  17  li.  75  ;  HW's  audiences, 
i  136,  ii  45  n,  63,  74  ;  write  to 
James  I.  85  ;— i  148,  169,  326, 
ii  280,  319  n.  395,  410,  476. 

Urban  VII,  Pope,  i  16,  243  n,  250, 
ii  27f>. 

Urban  VIII,  Pope,  ii  275-6,  277,  353, 
400. 

Urbino,  i  18,  60 ;  Federico  Prince  of, 
i  i  272  ;  Francesco  Maria  II,  D.  of, 
i  842,  ii  148,  272. 

Ursonius,  Zach,  bis  Catechism,  ii  252 n. 

Uscock  War,  the,  i  148, 152,  178,  316  n, 
ii  96,  97  n,  103-5,  111  n,  121,  174, 
228  ;  settlement  of,  121  n,  135,  139, 
142,  158,  171. 

Ussber,  James,  Archbishop  of  Armagh, 
ii  301. 

Utrecht,  i  301,  ii  42,  66,  79;  HW  at, 
ii  50-1. 

Vacia  (Vacz).     See  Waetzen. 

Valdez,  Don  Pedro  de,  ii  497  n. 

Valenciennes,  i  245  n. 

Valentina.  la.  ii  5. 

Valeresso,  Alvise,  Venetian  ambassador 
in  England,  i  506  n,  ii  222,  228. 

Valetia,  ii  94,  96,  496. 

Valetolina.     See  Valtelline. 

Valier,  Christofero,  ii  16  n. 

Valiero,  Agostino,  Cardinal  of  Verona, 
i  299 

Valladolid,  ii  481-2. 

Valtelline,  the,  i  326  n ;  proposal  for 
founding  seminaries  in,  94,  161-2, 
ii  149  ;  slaughter  of  Protestants  in, 
i  162,  179;  international  dispute 
about,  179-80,  182,  192,  ii  211,  212  n, 
214-5,  221,  237  n,  267,  276,  279;  and 
France,  216,  244,  251  ;  Grisons 
invade,  235  n  ;  handed  over  to 
Gregory  XV,  244  n,  266  n,  268,  271, 
273. 

Valtolina.     See  Valtelline. 

Valvasone,  Erasmo  di,  his  Caccia, 
ii  486. 

Vandals,  the,  i  78,  349. 

Vandenberg,  Count  Frederick,  i  381. 

Vandenberg,  Count  Henry,  ii  320, 
:!2:i. 

Vandermyle,  Cornelius,  Dutch  am- 
bassador in  Venice,  i  99.  455,  476  ; 
HW's  kindness  to,  476  n. 

Van  Dyck,  Sir  Anthony,  i  195,  ii  312  n. 

Vane,  Sir  Henry,  ii  319,  466. 

Vangadizza,  Cardinal  Borghese,  made 
Abbot  of,  i  98,  446,  461  ;  dispute 
about,  462,  468  ;  settlement  of,  468  n. 

Vani,  Domenicoand  Girolamo,  accusers 
of  Foscarini,  ii  261 ;  execution  of,  262. 

Varotari,  Alessandro,  E  Padovanino  ; 
HW  sends  picture  by,  ii  350. 


Vary.  James,  in  lanrloaof  HW.  i  170 n, 
ii  207,  265-7,  286,  324,  348,  350. 

Vnucelas,  Count  of,  French  ambassador 
in  Spain,  i  425  n. 

Vaudemont,  Count  Francis  of,  ii  183. 

Vaux,  Guy.     See  Fawkes. 

Velasco,  Don  Alonzo  de,  Spanish  am- 
bassador in  London,  i  503,  ii  21. 

Velow,  the.     See  Veluwe. 

Veluwe,  the.  ii  828. 

Velsorius.     See  Welser. 

Vendramin,  'new'  family  of  Venice, 
ii  135  n. 

Venetia.     See  Venice. 

Venice,  position  and  climate,  ii  255; 
origin,  256;  life  in,  i  49-50;  expense 
of,  420  ;  nobles,  54-5 ;  courtezans,  18 ; 
ambassadors,  their  reception,  51-2; 
negotiations,  413  ;  isolation,  55-7 ; 
trade,  72-3 ;  coinage,  value  of  ducat, 
470 ;  marriage  portions,  439 ;  love  of 
news  in,  111-2,  411  ; — Festivals  : 
Ascension,  ii  113,  235,  265,  269 ;  Car- 
nival, i  343,  ii  265  ;  Corpus  Christi,  i 
350 ;  St.  Giustina,  ii  218 ;  St.  Rocco, 
ii  103  n,  245. 

Republic  of,  i  50;  HW's  opinion 
of,  55,  113,  ii  121,  228;  Carleton 
describes,  i  55  ;  HW  praises,  54,  147, 
ii  145  n;  rule  of  old  men  in,  i  54-5. 

The  Doge,  his  election,  i  339,  343, 
ii  134,  136-7;  his  power,  i  53,  413. 
SeeGrimani,  Donato,  Memmo,  Bembo, 
Priuli,  Contarini. 

Grand  Council,  i  190,  339,  410, 
ii  134,  217,  270,  278;  character  of, 
(1610)  i  485. 

Senate,  election  of,  ii  217,  278  ;  chief 
executive  body  of  Republic,  i  53,  ii  37 ; 
relation  to  GoUegio,  i  53,  97,  413-4; 
accounts  rendered  to,  of  ambassadors' 
speeches  and  conversations,  53,  56, 
413-4 ;— 321-496,  ii  109-77,  213-68, 
passim. 

Collegio,  the  Venetian  cabinet,  i  52-4, 
97,  143,413  ;  HW's  audiences,  58-108, 
159-87,  320-501,  ii  107-72,  208-79 
passim ;  character  of,  (1610)  485,  500 ; 
Ladv  Arundel  received  by,  i  186-7, 
ii  232-5. 

Council  of  Ten,  election  of,  ii  278  ; 
relation  to  Senate,  i  53 ;  to  Collegio, 
413;  favourable  to  religious  reform, 
92,  97;— 66,  158,  159  n,  184,  190, 
346.  350,  364,  404,  407.  41<>.  168, 
480,  485,  ii  131,  137,  140,  142.  144, 
217.  232,  261-3,  265,  272. 

Inquisitori  di  Stalo,  character  of,  ii 
261;— i  184,  416  n,  ii  128,  131,  140, 
221-2,  231,  245,  261. 

Procurator i  di  S.  Marco,  position  of, 
i  344  n;— 344,  ii  127,  134,  138,  110. 
142. 

Savio   della   Seltimana,    i   472;    Sam 


556 


INDEX 


Grandi,  189,  413,  ii  234;  Savii  di 
Terra  Firma,  i  319,  ii  240,  250  ;  Savii 
del  Mare,  270. 

Secretaries,  i  55-6,  390,  411  n,  413, 
ii  227,  238  n.  See  Antelmi,  Scara- 
melli. 

Quattro  Esecutori  alia  Bestemmia,  ii  143. 

Capitano  del  Mare,  ii  127,  133. 

Parties  in:  'old'  families,  i  433, 
ii  135,  137  ;  names  of,  i  434  n  ;  ''  new ' 
families,  ii  135,  137 ;  names  of,  135  n  ; 
Papalini,  i  474,  481,  ii  140  ;  Patrioti, 
ii  140;  anti-papal  party,  i  77,  85-6, 
92,  97,  99,  ii  229. 

Patriarch  of,  i  391,  405,  443,  445, 
448-9. 

Inquisition  in,  composition  of,  i  448, 
ii  245  n ;— i  92-3,  104,  405,  416  n,  448, 
468,  469  n,  473  n. 

Protestants  in,  i  93,  99. 

HW  in  :  (1591)  i  18,  271,  277,  (1603) 
43-4,  317-8. 

Sir  A.  Shirley  imprisoned  at,  38-9. 

(1604)  HW  appointed  ambassador 
to,  45;  journey  to,  48-9;  reception, 
51-2 ;  state  of,  49-51 ;  religious  atti- 
tude, 77,318;  HW's  life  in,  57-69; 
allowed  services  in  private  chapel, 
77-8,  349,  363. 

(1604-5)  negotiates  about  trade,  73, 

79,  320-3,  462  n  ;  piracy,  73-4,  322-3  ; 
murder  cases,  see  Pert,  Caesar ;  death 
of  Doge  Grimani,  election  of  Donato, 
78,  327,  339-40,  342-4. 

(1605-7)  Quarrel  with  Paul  V,  i 
77-85  ;  origin  of,  78,  340-1 ;  Brandolin 
and  Saraceni  arrested,  78,  341 ;  Bull 
of  excommunication,  79,  341,  346  n, 
348,  355 ;  answer  of  Venice,  79,  346 ; 
Jesuits  expelled,  79,  347,  354-5,  ii  496  ; 
ambassadors  depart,  i  349  ;  war  ex- 
pected, 352,  354  ;  HW  proposes  Eng- 
lish help,  80,  352-3 ;  proposes  league, 

80,  83-4,  349  n,  361  n ;  attitude  of 
Henry  IV,  80,  83.  353  n,  355,  365  n; 
of  Philip  III,  80,  84,  352  n,  356 ;  of 
James  I,  80-2,  357,  371 ;  HW  offers 
English  forces,  82,  361  ;  offer  made 
public,  362  n  ;  gratitude  to  James  I, 
82-3,  356,  361  n,  464  ;  James  I  draws 
back,  84  ;  HW  urses  closer  relations 
with  Union,  76,  361  n,  454-5  ; 
with  United  Provinces,  i  76  ;  Di 
Castro  sent  by  Philip  III,  368-71 ; 
De  Joyeuse  by  Henry  IV,  375,  377  ; 
his  negotiations,  379 ;  settles  dispute, 
84-5,  384-6 ;  HW's  congratulations, 
384;  criminals  surrendered,  85,  389- 
90 ;  absolution  pronounced,  85,  386-7, 
390-1 ;  congratulations  of  ambassa- 
dors, 391-2;  effect  of,  424;  HWs 
history  of,  118,  130,  ii  487;  Bedell 
translates  Sarpi's  History  of,  i  128-9  ; 
— i  x,    61,  94,  103  n,   147,  182,  366, 


370-1,  374-82,  418-9,  439,  443,  447, 
496  n,  ii  79,  98,  128,  133,  136,  178, 
238,  250,  278,  302,  371,  462,  474. 

(1607-10)  money  sent  to  Grisons, 
i  393  n ;  answer  to  Pope's  complaints 
about  HW,  95-6 ;  sentence  on  Sarpi's 
assassins,  404-6  ;  movement  for  reli- 
gious reform,  see  Religion  ;  anchorage 
tax  removed,  403  ;  severe  winter, 
411-2  ;  forbids  Tyrone  to  enter  ter- 
ritory, 417  n  ;  new  quarrels  with 
Pope,  431 ;  Pope  sends  Jubilee,  436 ; 
scandal  in  convent,  438-41  ;  Protes- 
tant sermons,  447-8,  451-2  ;  decree 
about  Theologi,  449 ;  quarrel  with  Pope 
about  Vangadizza,  98,  461,  468;  HW 
presents  Premonition,100, 102-4, 463-5  ; 
circulation  prohibited,  100, 104,468-9, 
473 ;  HW's  quarrel  with  Republic,  100, 
104-7,  471-4,478;  special  ambassador 
sent  to  England,  106-7,  474  ;  arrival 
of  Dutch  ambassador,  476  ;  Greek 
captain  punished,  470;  news  of 
Henry  IV's  assassination,  490; 
Dudley  Carleton  arrives,  107,  498  n  ; 
present  to  HW,  500 ;  his  departure, 
113,  499 ;  the  Republic  and  HW,  69, 
108,  452  n. 

(1611-19)  Sir  Dudley  Carleton,  am- 
bassador at,  see  Dorchester;  HW's 
2nd  embassy  at,  i  144, 146-66,  ii  94-173  j 
arrival  and  reception,  i  147,  ii  95  ; 
palace,  i  147,  ii  101-2 ;  state  of,  i  147-8, 
ii  96,  102-3,  121 ;  HW  urges  closer 
relations  with  Savoy  and  Union, 
i  144-6,  ii  107  n ;  Uscock  war,  see 
Uscock ;  Ossuna's  preparations  against, 
see  Ossuna  ;  gives  help  to  Savoy,  set 
Charles  Emmanuel ;  proposed  alliance 
with  Protestant  Union,  see  Union  ; 
arrival  of  Dutch  and  English  troops 
and  ships,  i  153-4,  ii  111-2;  death 
of  Doge  Bembo,  i  161,  ii  132-3,  135, 
141  ;  election  and  death  of  Nicolu 
Donato.  138-41;  plot  of,  1618,  i  61, 
152,  156-60,  ii  131-2,  140,  142,  144, 
146,  151,  471;  HW's  account  lost, 
152  n ;  election  of  Antonio  Priuli, 
139-40,  142 ;  James  I  asked  for  loan 
of  ships,  i  155,  ii  170 ;  thanked  for 
sending  ships  to  coast  of  Spain,  163; 
league  with  Savoy,  see  Charles 
Emmanuel ;  confidence  in  HW,  i  159 ; 
HW  commissioned  to  treat  with 
Union,  159,  165,  ii  172  n,  177  ;  HW 
leaves,  i  162-3,  165,  ii  172 ;  policy 
during  Thirty  Years'  War,  i  160. 

(1621-3)  HW's  3rd  embassy  at, 
i  167,  174-93,  ii  200  n,  201,  203, 
206-80  ;  arrival,  i  176-8,  ii  207  ;  state 
of,  i  179,  ii  209;  readmission  of 
Jesuits  refused,  212,  216,  218;  offer  of 
certain  pirates,  215  ;  James  I  asked  to 
help  Grisons,  i  180,  ii  223  n  ;  answer 


INDEX 


557 


t«-  James  V*  request  for  help  for 
Frederick  V,  i  182,  ii  227-8,  238-9, 
866  :  league  with  United  Provinces, 
i  182,  ii  227,  238  n  ;  engagement  with 
Savoy  and  France  about  Valtelline, 
i  180,  182,  ii  227-8,  238  n,  244,  251 ; 
league,  i  180,  ii  244  n,  265,  279; 
earthquake,  i  183,  ii  235-6;  Foscarini 
case,  see  Foscarini ;  Lady  Arundel,  see 
Arundel  ;  visit  of  Prince  of  Cond6, 
see  Condd  ;  arrival  of  Dutch  ambassa- 
dor, 258-9 ;  death  of  Sarpi,  259-60 ; 
death  of  Doge  Priuli,  i  192,  ii  276-8; 
election  of  Francesco  Contarini,  i  192, 
ii  L'78;  HW  leaves,  i  192,  ii  279; 
Branthwaite,  English  agent,  see 
Branthwaite  ;  Sir  J.  Wake,  ambassa- 
dor at.  see  Wake  ;  Jesuits  readmitted, 
ii  212  n  ;  HW's  proposed  history  of, 
5  :  picture  of,  at  Eton,  i  210  ; 
mention  of,  in  Tabic  Talk,  ii  490,  492-4, 
495-8;— i  in,  ix,  17,  198,  199  n, 
210,  218,  225.  232,  242,  245,  247, 
252,  260,  273, 276,  281,  283,  287,  288  n, 
290,  292,  299,  319-501  passim  ;  ii  1,  7, 
15,  18,  25-6;  94-173 passim;  206-80 
iMssim  ;  285,  300,  305  n,  409,  461-4, 
467-72,  486. 

Accademia,  i  197;  Archivio  diStato, 
i  xi,  xiv ;  Arsenal,  ii  144,  270;  Canal 
Grande,  102,  232,  270 ;  Canale  degli 
Orfani,  i  157,  ii  131,  142  :  Canareggio, 
i  57,  ii  101 ;  Citelle,  Convent  of,  i  449 ; 
Frari,  i  410  n,  ii  263  n ;  German 
Exchange  House,  i  93;  Giudecca, 
ii  244  ;  Golden  Ship,  i  77,  87,  95 ; 
Lazaretto,  416  n ;  Lido,  188 ;  Mer- 
ceria,  87  ;  Museo  Correr,  52  n,  87  n ; 
Padri  Cruciferi,  499  n ;  Palace  of 
the  Doge,  Ante-Collegio,  52,  Collegio, 
52,  216;  Hall  of  Grand  Council, 
364  ;  Palazzo  Franchetti,  ii  102  n ; 
Palazzo  Grimani  della  Vida,  occupied 
by  HW,  i  147,  ii  102  n  ;  Palazzo 
Gussoni,  102  n ;  Palazzo  Mocenigo, 
i  184,  ii  232-3 ;  Palazzo  Silvia,  i  57  ; 
Piazetta,  52  ;  Ponte  degli  Ormesani, 
57  ;  Eialto,  355,  ii  102  n  ;  S.  Anna, 
i  438-41  ;  S.  Carita,  197  ;'S.  Fosca, 
404  n,  406  n,  ii  260;  S.  Girolamo, 
i  57,  59,  68,  345  n,  369  n,  ii  101, 
493  ;  S.  Giorgio  in  Alga  (island  of), 
i  147,  177,  ii  208;  SS.  Giovanni  e 
Paolo,  i  345  n,  ii  263;  S.  Lorenzo, 
i  44S  ;  S.  Marco,  59,  160,  344  n,  391, 
428  n,  486  n,  ii  131,  144  ;  S.  Pietro 
di  Castello,  i  390  ;  S.  Polo,  441  n  ; 
S.  Spirito  (island  of),  i  51,  ii  216, 
270  n  ;  S.  StaS,  263  n  ;  S.  Stefano, 
868  ;  S.  Vitale,  162  n. 

Venice  Preserved,  by  T.  Otway,  founded 
on  plot  of  1618,  i  157. 

Venier.     '  new '     family     of     Venice, 
ii  135  n. 


Venier,  Lorenzo,  ii  138,  140-2. 

Vercelli,  ii  477;  siege  of,  121  n; 
surrender  of,  140,  146  n. 

Vereellini,  Francesco,  majordomo  to 
Lady  Arundel,  ii  238. 

Vere,  family  of,  HW  praises,  i  168. 
iill2n,  113  n. 

Vere,  Sir  Francis,  his  expedition  for 
relief  of  Rheinberg,  i  229. 

Vere,  Sir  Horace,  Baron  Vere  of 
Tilbury,  meets  HW  at  Rotterdam, 
i  136;  commander  of  troops  in  Low 
Countries  and  Palatinate,  169,  ii  1 1 1  n. 
146  n,  186  n. 

Vere,  John,  ii  111  n. 

Vere,  Sir  John,  commands  En^li-h 
troops  in  Venetian  service,  i  154,  ii  11 1, 
112  n,  124,  146;  HW  recommends 
to  Doge,  111  n,  112  n;  letter  of, 
112  n. 

Verona,  HW  visits,  i  436  n ;  HW 
detained  at,  176,  ii  208-9;  S.  Zen, 
245  n  ;— i  68,  235  n,  325  n,  ii  131. 

Veronese,  Paolo,  i  18,  52,  196. 

Verreycken,  Louis,  ii  43  n. 

Vianen,  ii  323  n. 

Viareggio,  i  401  n,  402. 

Vicenza,  HW  at,  i  57,  68,  ii  157-8  ; 
theatre  at,  157  ;—i  331,  341,  364, 
389. 

Victor- Amedee  I,  D.  of  Savoy  (Prince  oj 
Piedmont),  in  Venice,  i  426 ;  negotia- 
tions for  his  marriage  to  Princess 
Elizabeth,  114,  119,  ii  1  n;  marries 
Christiana  of  France,  i  426  n  ; — ii  26, 
399  n. 

Vienna,  HW  at,  (1590-1)  i  13-6,  172, 
240,  243-71,  301 ;  cost  of  life  at,  14,  244, 
248-9 ;  letters  dated  at,  xvn,  243-7 ; 
Lord  Zouche  at,  262  n,  ii  482 ;  market 
of,  i  267;  plague  at,  287;  siege  of, 
(1619)  166-7,  ii  180  n ;  HW  at,  (1620)  i 
ix,  16,  172-4,  ii  186,  188,  190-207,412; 
letters  dated  at,  190-204  ;  news  from, 
208,  215 ;  congress  of,  i  143 ;  Hof- 
bibliothek,  HW  lives  in  room  ad- 
joining, 14-6,  247 ;  books  in,  252  n, 
254-6,  266;  HW's  letters  preserved 
in,  xiv,  13  ;  librarian,  see  Blotius; 
Minorite  monastery,  14,  247  n ; — 
175,  239  n,  278,  428  n.  ii  94,  225  n. 
275. 

Vignola,  Jacobo  Barozzi  da,  i  196, 
ii  286  n. 

Villa,  Marchese  di,  ambassador  from 
Savoy  to  England,  i  131,  ii  18,  20-1, 
23-6,  27  n,  28-9,  32. 

Villa  Lunga,  Count  of,  his  fall,  i  381. 

Villars.  Courtin  de,  French  ambassador 
at  Venice,  ii  216,  218,  235,  251,  868  n. 
259. 

Villeroi,  Nicolas  de,  ii  497. 
'  Villiers.     See  Villars. 

Vincenzo.  Fra,  i  410  n,  4 


558 


INDEX 


Vineyard,  the,  HW  sails  on,  to  Stade,  i 
228. 

Vinta,  Belisario,  secretary  of  Ferdinand 
I,  i  316  n,  388  n,  389  n  ;  friend  of 
HW,  40,  289  n,  ii  298;  HW's  letters 
to,  i  43,  314,  315  n,  316  n,  338  n,  ii 
419-21,  468;  letter  to  HW,  i  338  n. 

Virgil,  i  264 ;  quoted,  54,  228,  ii  302. 

Virginia,  talk  in  Venice  about,  i 
431-2 ;  HW  mentions  in  speech  to 
Doge,  153 ;— 320  n,  466,  ii  87,  483. 

Visconti, —  ,  sent  by  Fuentes  to  Chur, 
i395. 

Vitelleschi,  Mutio,  General  of  Jesuits,  i 
331,  334,  355  ;  letter  of,  ii  242. 

Viterbo,  i  296  n,  442,  ii  286  n. 

Viti,  Michael,  attempts  to  assassinate 
Sarpi,  i  404  n,  406. 

Vitruvius,  i  195,  197,  ii  333,  364 ;  HW 
quotes,  i  403. 

Vitry,  Nicolas  Due  de,  ii  113  n. 

Vlussing.     -See  Flushing. 

Volterra,  i  289. 

Vorstius,  Conrad,  ii  70  n. 

Waad,  Sir  William,  governor  of  the 
Tower,  ii  23-4. 

Waal,  the,  ii  46  n. 

Wade.     See  Waad. 

Wadsworth,  James,  his  controversy 
with  Bedell,  i  444  n. 

Waetsen  (Waitsen),  Bohemia,  ii  197. 

Wake,  Sir  Isaac,  secretary  to  Carleton, 
at  Venice,  i  124,  501,  ii  14,  95,  474  ; 
visits  HW  in  London,  i  129  ;  English 
agent  at  Turin,  146-7,  501  n,  ii  95, 
99,  475  ;  his  poverty,  95  n  ;  am- 
bassador at  Venice,  i  48  n,  200,  501  n, 
ii  14  n,  210  n,  279  n,  283-4,  464 ; 
letters  quoted,  i  124-5,  127  n,  129, 
ii95n,  103  n,  107  n,  117  n. 

Walden,  Lord  Howard  de.  See 
Suffolk. 

Wale,  — ,  informal  English  Consul  in 
Naples,  i  328  n. 

Wales,  boys  from,  and  Eton  scholar- 
ships, ii  368 ;— i  330,  ii  465,  483. 

Wallenstein,  Albrecht,  ii  331  n. 

Waller,  Walter,  in  service  of  HW 
(1620),  i  170  n;  goes  to  Prague, 
ii  191-5. 

Wallop,  Sir  H.,  death  of,  i  307. 

Walpole,  Father  Richard,  converts 
Pickering  Wotton,  i  38,  ii  481. 

Walsingham,  Sir  Francis,  i  21,  231  n, 
284  n,  430  n. 

Walton,  Izaak,  HW  buys  linen 
from  (?),  ii  369  n;  sends  hymn  to, 
376  ;  visits  HW  at  Eton,  i  in,  221, 
ii  405 ;  his  debt  to  HW,  i  v ;  HW's 
letters  to,  221,  ii  376,  404,  452-3; 
edits  Reliquiae.  See  Reliquiae.  Life 
of  Bonne,  i  v,  ii  404;  Life  of  Wotton, 
i  hi,    xii,    xin,    2,    5-6,    21,    27-8, 


41-2,  44-5,  58,   127,  174,  193,  201-4, 
211-2,  219,  222-5,  ii  285,  456,  469; 
Compleat  Angler,  i  in,  v,  211-4,  ii  306  n, 
416,  490,  491  n. 
Wanstead,  i  105,  ii  85. 
Ward,    Dr.   A.   W.,  his  Life  of  HW. 

i  xin,  30  n,  103,  206,  ii  456,  459. 
Ward,  John  (?),  English  pirate,  i  413  n, 
415  n ;  keeps  the  Venetians  in  awe, 
73,   415  n ;  his  boasts,   415  ;  plan  for 
pardon  or  assassination  of,  i  415  n. 
Ward,    Mary,    her    religious    order,    i 
445  n;  ii  224  n,  283  n. 
Ward,  Dr.  Samuel,  and  Dr.  Dorislaus, 

ii  315  ;  his    Gratia  discriminans,  315  ; 

HW's  letter  to,  314,  450;  Bedell  to, 

i  407  n,  ii  462. 
Warde,  Mr.,  i  31  n. 
Ware  Park,  seat  of  Sir  Thomas  Fan- 

shawe,  HW  visits,  i  118,  131-2 ;  the 

gardens  at,  131  n. 
Warton,  Thomas,  jun.,  his  comments 

on  HW's  letter  to  Milton,  ii  381  n. 
Warwick,    Earl  of,    title   claimed    by 

Sir  Robert  Dudley,  i  401  n. 
Warwick,    Robert    Rich,    2nd   E.    of, 

ii  17  ;  goes  to  Turin  with  HW,  i  120, 

ii  2 ;  HW's  reported  jealousy  of,  2  n. 
Wassenhoven,    Colonel    in    Venetian 

service,  ii  129. 
Watchorne,  Corporal,   under   Peyton, 

ii  153  n. 
Watson,  William,  plot  and  execution 

of,  i  332  n,  333  n,  ii  23  n. 
Waynsteade.     See  Wanstead. 
Weaver,  Thomas,  Vice-Provost  of  Eton. 

ii  366. 
Webster,  John,  i  16  n,  22. 
Wechel,  Andrew,  printer  at  Frankfort, 

i  12. 
Weekes,  Mr.,  ii  53. 
Weesell.     See  Wesel. 
Weimar,    Duke    Bernard    of,    ii    348, 

395  n. 
Welser,    Mark,    of    Augsburg,    i    126; 

HW's  letter  to,  127,  194,  210,  ii  9-11, 

412,  433,  479. 
Wentworth,  Sir  Thomas.  See  Strafford. 
Wentworth,  Thomas,  ii  37. 
Wentworth,  Lord.     See  Cleveland. 
Werckhovius,  J.,  of  Utrecht,  i  301. 
Wesel,   ii    58 ;  capture   of,    46-7,    60 ; 

HW  blamed  for,  i  137-9,  142^  HW's 

apology,    137,    ii  59,  64,    68-73,    75 ; 

HW  at,  ii  51,  53-4. 
Westmorland,  earldom  of,  claimed  by 

Edmund  Neville,  ii  87  n. 
Westmorland,    Charles,  6th   E.  of,    ii 

87  n. 
Weston,  Jerome  Lord.     See  Portland. 
Weston,  Sir  Richard.     See  Portland. 
Wharton,  Mr.,  in  suite  of  HW  (1620), 

i  170  n.  ii  464;  death  of,  ii  189-90. 

192,  200. 


INDEX 


559 


Wharton,  Anne,  ii  3  n. 
Wharton,  Margaret.     See  Wotton. 
Wharton,   Philip,  8rd  Baron,  i  170n, 

ii  L89n,  200,  344 n. 
Wharton,  Thomas,  2nd  Baron,  ii  3  n. 
Whitakrr.  Win.,  his  Thesis  de  Antichrisfo, 

i  444  ii. 
Whitchurch,  i  338  n. 
White    Hill   or    Mountain,  battle   of, 

i  173.  ii  200  ;  news  of,  reaches  Vienna, 

ii  196-201. 
Whitehaven,  ii  1<>:>  n. 
Whitelocke,  James,  arrest  and  trial  of, 

1128,  30-1. 
Whitgift,  John,  ii  482. 
Wickham,  Edward,  i  239  n. 
Wickham,  William,  i239n,  279. 
Wicklow,  i  310. 
Wicquefort,    Abraham    van,    his   Am- 

bassadvr,  i  109  n,  110. 
Wight,  Isle  of,  ii  470. 
William    I,    K.    of    England,    HW's 

account  of,  i  206,  ii  414. 
William  V  of  Bavaria,  i  263  n,  286  n. 
Williams,  Sir  Abraham,  agent  for  Q. 

of  Bohemia  in  England,  ii  369,  470. 
Williams.  John,    Bishop    of  Lincoln, 

becomes  Lord  Keeper,  ii  236  ;  disgrace 

of,  i  210,  ii  303,  343,  367  n,  368,  379  n ; 

HW's  letter  to,  ii  236,  447. 
Willoughby,  Sir  Francis,  ii  403  n. 
Willoughby,  Richard,  at  Padua,  ii  114. 
Willoughby  de  Ereshy,    Robert,    12th 

Baron,  ii  53  n,  108. 
Wilson,  John,  English  priest,  i  334. 
Wilson,    Sir    Thomas,     writes     from 

Florence  about  HW,  i  39-40 ;  HW's 

letter  to,  43,  316-7,  ii  419. 
Wimbledon,    Sir    Edward   Cecil,    1st 

Visct.,  i  135,  ii  18. 
Wimpfen,  battle  of,  i  183. 
Winchester   College,   HW   at,    i   4-5, 

225,  ii  456  ;  HW  revisits,  i  222. 
Windebank,  Sir  Francis,  Secretary  of 

State,    in   Venice   with   HW,  i  218, 

ii  350  n  ;   HW's  letter  to,  about  his 

arrest,    i  210,  ii  350-2,   451 ;    grants 

*  protection '  to  HW,  i  210,  ii  352  n  ; 

mentioned    in    HW's    will,    i    217 ; 

bequest  to,  218  ;  letters  to,  ii  478,  481. 

Windsor,  HW  at,  i  119,  209;  De 
Dominis  Dean  of,  149 ;  Eton  fellow- 
ship annexed  to  living  of,  ii  366  n  ; — 

i  506,  ii  12,   29,  290  n,  291-2,    295, 
353-4,  368,  378  n,  387,  397  n,  408. 

Winterton.  Ralph,  dedicates  book  to 
HW  ii,  397. 

Winwood,  Elizabeth,  Lady,  ii  106. 

Winwood,  Sir  Ralph,  envoy  to  United 
Provinces,  i  115  n,  319,  459  n,  ii  18, 
42  n  ;  Secretary  of  State,  i  164, 
ii  24  n,  43  n  ;  sends  instructions  to 
HW,  83  n,  84  n ;  makes  inquiries 
about  HW,    i    159  n  ;  death,  164,  ii 


122 n;  letters  of,  i  150,  47r, ,,. 

78,  83  n,  100  n,  104  n,  122  n,   128  n. 

175 \     HW's  letters    to,  i    164,    819, 

m  I.;.  49-50,52-6,  59  I  98-7, 

100,  KM- 11.  11 9-21, 128  n. 
I '.i.    H'.«.»  ;  other  letters  to,    i    188  n, 
180  ...  181  H,   ii   .'52  ...  '.»!    n.    17:,.   177. 
187;     i  If..  1  L8,  ii  17* 

Wiitenberg.    8a  Wurtemberg. 

Wiston,  Sussex,  i  242  n. 

Wolsey,  Card.,  ii  33. 

Wolverton,  ii  4  7<>. 

Wood,  Anthony,  i  1  n,  127  n,  ii  17'.». 

Wood,  Sir  John,  i  336  n. 

Woodstock,  i  166. 

Woodward,  Rowland,  in  Venice  with 
Wotton,  i48n;  sent  to  Milan  (1605), 
325-8,  394;  his  instructions,  82 
ii  420  ;  sent  to  England  (1606), 
365 ;  robbed  in  Lorraine,  365  n,  886  ... 
371-2,  394;  in  England  (1607  .  894, 
412 ;  enters  service  of  Bishop  of 
London,  420 ;  biographical  note,  ii 
481. 

Woodward,  Thomas,  ii  481. 

Woolrich,  Anne,  ii  3  n. 

Woolrich,  Philip,  ii  3  n. 

Woolrich,  William,  ii  3n. 

Worcester,  Edward  Somerset,  4th  E. 
of,  ii  17  n,  39  n,  492  n. 

Worledge,  Philip.     See  Woolrich. 

Worms,  ii  52,  195. 

Worplesdon,  ii  304  n. 

Wotton,  the  family  of.  i  1-3,  27. 

Wotton,  Sir  Edward,  HW's  grand- 
father, i  1-2. 

Wotton,  Sir  Edward,  1st  Lord  Wotton 
of  Marley,  HW's  eldest  brother, 
at  Vienna,  14 ;  ambassador  to  Scot- 
land, 6,  42;  to  France,  6;  death  of 
his  wife,  284  ;  knighted,  295 ;  father 
of  Pickering  Wotton,  35;  procures 
HW's  admission  to  service  of  Essex, 
29 ;  A.  Bacon's  letter  to,  29  n ;  alliance 
with  Cecils,  34,  317  ;  writes  of  Sir  R. 
Cecil's  favourable  opinion  of  HW,  i')- 
4,  317-8 ;  commanded  by  James  I  to 
send  for  HW,  44;  his  house  at  Can- 
terbury, 116;  his  assistance  promised 
by  HW  in  Savoy  match,  119 ;  becomes 
Roman  Catholic,  20,  ii  482 ;  his  death, 
314  n;  epitaph,  344;  HW's  letten 
to,  i  8,  227-39,  302,  486,  ii  417  ;  letters 
to  HW,  i  44,  259,  284,  318,  367 ;— 7  n, 
32,  43n,  118,  124,  236n,  801.  469  n, 
484  n,  506-7,  ii  18,  80,  88,  - 
41,  95,  289  n,  300  n,  342  n,  344  n. 
460,  481. 

Wotton,  Eleanor,  HW's  mother,  i  2, 
3  n,  7  n,  ii  461,  474 ;  HW's  letter  to. 
i  13,  239-41,  ii  417. 

Wotton,  Sir  Hexky. 

1568  :  birth,  parentage,  i  1.  •">. 
1568-84  :  early  years,  4  ;  ii  I 


560 


INDEX 


1584-8:  at  Oxford,  i  5,  237,  ii 
461,  469;  studies  civil  law,  i  6;  his 
father's  death,  7 ;  supplicates  for 
degree,  7. 

1589-90 :  his  earliest  letters,  9 ;  travels 
to  Heidelberg,  9-10,  227-33;  early 
notices  of,  11,  233 ;  spends  winter 
at  Heidelberg,  10-11,  232-39;  meets 
Casaubon,  11,  302;  visits  Frankfort 
Mart,  12 ;  goes  to  Altdorf,  12,  239 ; 
meets  Lord  Zouche,  13,  ii  482; 
letters  to  Lord  Zouche,  i  13,  241-99. 

1590-1:  spends  winter  of,  at  Vienna. 
14-16,  172,  240,  243-71;  — goes  to 
Prague  and  Frankfort,  16,  301,  305. 

1591-2  :  to  Venice,  Rome,  Naples, 
Florence,  17-21,  271-7  ;  plot  against, 
21,  ii  456,  467 ;  spends  summer  of 
1592  in  Florence,  i  21,  277-87  ;  travels 
to  Siena,  287,  289-99. 

1593  :  to  Rome,  22. 

1593-4  :  at  Geneva  with  Casaubon, 
12,  22-5,  297-300,  302-3,  311,  313,  ii 
480 ;  writes  State  of  Christendom,  i  23-5; 
borrows  money  of  Casaubon,  25,  26 ; 
returns  to  England,  25,  302 ;  his  ac- 
quaintances abroad,  299-301. 

1595  :  in  service  of  Essex,  29-34  ;be- 
comes  secretary,  29  ;  sent  to  Paris,  30. 

1596 :  goes  on  Cadiz  expedition, 
30-1,  301 ;  writes  to  Cecil  about  New 
College  property,  32,  301-2. 

1597  :  On  Azores  expedition,  31, 
304  ;  wishes  to  be  sent  to  Germany, 
32,  305-6. 

1599  :  goes  to  Ireland,  33-4,  306-10. 

1600  :  goes  to  Italy,  34-6,  ii  455-6, 
481. 

1601  :  at  Florence,  i  36,  311-2  ;  goes 
to  Rome  with  Sir  A.  Sherley,  37-8 ; 
returns  to  Florence,  38 ;  sent  by 
Ferdinand  I  to  Scotland,  38-42; 
T.  Wilson  writes  of  his  journey,  39, 
40;  arrives  in  Scotland,  41  ;  received 
by  James  VI,  41,  42  ;  describes  his 
Court,  42,  314-5. 

1602 :  returns  to  Florence,  43,  312- 
4,  316. 

1603  :  at  Venice,  43,  ii  481 ;  writes 
to  Cecil,  i  44,  317-9 ;  at  Paris,  44, 
318,  ii  481 ;  James  I  sends  for,  i  44. 

1604  :  returns  to  England,  44 ; 
appointed  ambassador  to  Venice,  45  ; 
journey,  45,  48-9,  319-20  ;  definition 
of  ambassador,  i  in,  49,  110-1,  126, 
130,  ii  9,  123  n,  211,  237. 

1604-10  :  first  embassy  in  Venice,  i 
49-112,  320-501,  ii  462-4,  466,  473-4, 
476,  478,  481,  490;  formal  reception, 
i  50-52 ;  his  audiences  in  the  Collegio 
52-5 ;  isolation  of,  as  ambassador  in 
Venice,  55-6 ;  secret  communications 
with  Venetians,  56,  86,  376,  455,  465, 
471 ;  his  life  in  Venice,  56-64 ;  debts, 


pay,  special  expenses,  46-7,  351,  359, 
367,  373,  420,  430,  ii  130 ;  his  palace 
and  villa,  i  57,  journeys  in  the  Veneto, 
57,  67,  435, 436  n,ii  157-8;  his  house- 
hold,! 57-9;  occupations,  duck-shoot- 
ing, shopping,  &c,  59;  entertains 
travellers,  60,  369  n,  496  n,  498  n,  ii 
129;  relations  with  fellow  diplomatists, 
i  61 ;  Nuncio,  60,  377-8 ;  French  ambas- 
sador, 61,  326;  Spanish  ambassador, 
61,  158;  Tuscan  resident,  62-3; 
diplomatic  etiquette,  63-64,  437  n, 
503-5,  ii  158,  127-8,  259,  271,  275; 
employs  knaves,  i  64-7,  359,  367,  369, 
374,  450-1  ;  robs  posts,  65,  345,  351-3, 
359,  430  n,  ii  147-8,  172,  242  ;  his 
hatred  of  Jesuits,  i  65-6 ;  negotiates 
for  kidnapping  Salvetti,  67,  401-2; 
protects  Venetian  criminals,  67,  427  ; 
unfortunate  Englishmen,  68 ;  liked 
by  Venetians,  distrusted  by  other 
envoys,  69  ;  general  charge  over 
English  interests  in  Italy,  trade, 
69,  328,  380,  408;  travellers,  70, 
330-1,  335,  395,  428-9,  442,  457, 
487-9,  ii  108,  110-1,  214;  tutors, 
i  70-1,  161,  440,  442,  508,  ii 
126-7,  256-7;  refugees,  i  33-4, 
67,  401-2,  417-8,  420-3,  429-30, 
476 ;  negotiations  with  Tuscany, 
69,  338  n,  373,  387-8  ;  negotiations 
with  the  Republic  of  Venice,  trade, 
72-4,  108,  321-4,  371,  403;  piracy, 
73,  74,  108,  322,  338  n,  415  n; 
general  foreign  policy,  league  of  anti- 
papal  powers,  75,  76,  94,  109,  ii  107-8, 
164 ;  attempt  to  introduce  religious 
reform  into  Italy,  i  x,  76,  78,  86-99, 
108, 116, 349-51, 376,  378, 393,  400, 417, 
423-5,  480-2,  485 ;  services  in  his 
chapel,  77-8,  349,  363. 

1605-8  :  incites  Venice  against  the 
Pope  during  Interdict,  79-84,  348, 
349  n,  352-3,  357,  370  n,  374,  376, 
381  n  ;  proposes  defensive  league,  80, 
83,  84,  349  n,  361  n,  362,  382  n  ;  in- 
structed to  offer  English  help,  81, 
361-2 ;  goes  beyond  his  instructions, 
82,  361  n ;  reproved  by  Salisbury,  83, 
361  n  ;  claims  for  James  I  credit  of 
settlement,  85,  384-6  ;  Bedell's  testi- 
mony to  his  zeal,  86;  relations  with 
Sarpi,  87,  89,  91,  94,  406  n,  423-4, 
455;  confides  his  plans  to  Bedell, 
90-1;  distributes  books,  90,  416-7, 
462,  466 ;  sends  for  Diodati,  91,  480  ; 
interviews  with  Diodati  and  von 
Dohna,  92,  400  n,  426  n ;  Pope  com- 
plains of,  95,  96,  462;  answers  of 
Doge,  96-7  ;  HW's  denials,  96-7. 

1609  :  presents  Premonition,  103, 
463-5,  468 ;  protests  against  its  pro- 
hibition, 104,  192,  471-4 ;  resigns  his 
office,  104-5,  474 ;  letter  of  James  I, 


INDEX 


561 


105-6 ;  Donato  rebukes,  106 ;  James 
I's  apology  for,  107. 

1610  :  leaves  Venice,  108,  499-501 ; 
results  of  1st  embassy,  108 ;  qualifica- 
tions as  ambassador,  109 ;  foreign 
policy,  109;  his  dispatches,  111-2; 
goes  to  Padua,  114,  501 ;  to  Milan, 
114,  503-5. 

1611 :  goes  to  Turin,  114 ;  negotiates 
for  Savoy  marriage,  114-6  ;  at  Paris,  99, 
116,  502,  ii  474  ;  at  Canterbury,  i  116  ; 
received  by  James  I,  117 ;  given 
pension,  117  ;  at  Court,  117,  507  ;  his 
friends,  117-8;  literary  occupations, 
118-9;  Savoy  negotiations,  119-20. 

1612:  special  embassy  to  Turin. 
120-3,  ii  1-8,  464,  474,  476; 
crosses  Alps,  i  120-1,  ii  5 ;  re* 
ception  at  Chambery,  i  121,  ii  5-6; 
at  Turin,  i  121-2,  ii  6-7  ;  negotia- 
tions with  Charles  Emmanuel,  i  122  ; 
returns  to  England,  123-4,  ii  7  ;  ex- 
pected appointment  as  Secretary,  i  123 ; 
Chamberlain  and  Carleton's  dislike  of, 
123  d  ;  received  by  James  I  and  Prince 
Henry,  124  ;  urges  Savoy  marriage, 
124-5 ;  loses  patrons  in  Salisbury  and 
Prince  Henry,  126,  129,  ii  14  ;  Sciop- 
pius  prints  his  definition  of  ambassa- 
dor, i  126,  ii  9 ;  taxed  by  James,  i  127 ; 
HW's  apologies,  127,  ii  9-11 ;  his  dis- 
grace, i  127-30 ;  Casaubon  complains 
of,  128-9;  begs  for  increase  of  pen- 
sion, 129,  ii  8-9  ;  writes  Character  of 
Happy  Life,  i  129-30. 

1613  :  in  London,  130,  ii  11-41 ; 
describes  burning  of  Globe  Theatre, 
i  131,  ii  32-3 ;  Savoy  negotiations,  i 
131-2,  ii  24-5,  32;  accepts  pension 
from  Charles  Emmanuel,  i  131,  132  n ; 
in  favour  with  James  I,  132,  ii  35-6. 

1614  :  in  Parliament,  i  132,  ii  36-8 ; 
speech  on  impositions,  i  132 ;  attitude 
in  domestic  politics,  132-3 ;  special 
ambassador  to  the  Hague,  134-43,  ii 
41-50,  62-83,  464,  469,  475-6,  480; 
reception,  i  136,  ii  42 ;  negotiates 
about  Juliers,  i  136,  ii  44,  45  n,  77  ; 
blamed  for  fall  of  Wesel,  137-9,  142, 
ii  l<>-7 ;  bis  apology,  i  137,  ii  59,64, 
68-73,  75;  at  Xanten,  i  138-9,  ii  51- 
66,  72,  74  n,  81,  480 ;  negotiates 
treaty,  i  138-9,  ii  51-63  ;  returns  to  the 
Hague,  i  139,  ii  62. 

1615  :  helps  in  arranging  league  be- 
tween State  and  Protestant  Union,  i 
140,  ii  63-4;  negotiates  about  treaty 
of  Xanten,  i  140-3,  ii  65,  75,  78-9,82-3, 
84  n,  85  ;  about  trade  with  England, 
i  142,  ii  73-4,  76-8;  returns  home,  i 
142,  ii  85  ;  unfitness  for  this  embassy, 
i  137-8,  143  ;  reappointed  to  Venice, 
i  144. 

1616  :  at  Cologne  ;  tries  to  discover 

W0TT0N.    ii  0  0 


author  of  Corona  Regia,  i  145,  ii  88,  92- 
3,  280  ;  at  Heidelberg,  i  145,  ii  88-91, 
93-4,  96;  at  Turin,  i  145-<»,  ii  «..|  ft, 
98 ;  2nd  embassy  in  Venice,  i  146- 
165,  ii  95-178,  461,  468-71,  478,  480  ; 
his  palace,  i  147,  ii  101-2;  recom- 
mends English  soldiers,  i  153,  ii  97, 
112  n,  113  n,  129,  154,  159,  463, 
472. 

1617 :  fire  in  house,  160,  ii  125-6, 
316;  sends  Cerronio  to  England,  i  161, 
ii  114-23. 

1618  :  reported  to  bo  unfriendly  to 
Venice,  i  158  ;  Lionello's  secret  com- 
munication about,  158-9 ;  interview 
with  Regnault,  159-60;  advocates 
founding  of  Protestant  seminaries, 
i  161-3,  ii  143,  148-51,  161,  172,  17J>, 
480;  protests  against  execution  >i 
English  mutineers,  i  155,  ii  168  I. 
159. 

1619 :  appointed  ambassador  to 
Emperor,  164,  ii  165 ;  appoint- 
ment revoked,  i  164,  ii  166;  leaves 
Venice,  i  163,  165,  ii  172;  his  second 
embassy,  i  163-4 ;  at  Munich,  165,  ii 
174-6;  meets  Protestant  Princes  at 
Heilbronn,  i  165,  ii  176-9,  180  n ; 
his  commission  from  Venice,  i  159, 
165,  ii  177, 179 n  ;  proposes  Protestant 
seminaries,  i  166,  ii  178;  returns  to 
England,  i  166. 

1620  :  promised  reversion  to  Rolls, 
167 ;  re-appointed  ambassador  to 
Venice,  167  ;  to  German  Princes  and 
Ferdinand  II,  167-75;  ii  463-4, 
470,  481 ;  his  instructions,  i  169 ;  his 
expenses,  175  n ;  ii  316;  writes 
poem  to  Q.  of  Bohemia,  i  170-1 ;  at 
Augsburg,  171 ;  ii  182, 189,  192,  205  n  ; 
sees  Kepler  at  Lintz,  invites  him  to 
England,  i  171-2  ;  ii  205-6  ;  at  Vienna, 
i  172  ;  ii  109-207  ;  negotiates  with 
Ferdinand  II,  i  172,  ii  190  n,  191-2, 
196,  199,  202  ;  sends  to  Prague,  i  172, 
191-2,  194,  196 ;  offends  K.  and  Q.  of 
Bohemia,  173;  iil94n;  sends  news 
of  battle  of  White  Hill,  i  173;  ii  196- 
201;  leaves  Vienna,  i  174;  ii  806-8; 
gives  away  Emperor's  gift,  i  17 1  ; 
to  Munich,  174-5;  ii  207  n,  208; 
failure  of  his  embassy,  175. 

1621  :  third  embassy  at  Venice,  i 
176-193;  ii  207-80,  463-4  ;  470.  17.;  ; 
arrival,  i  176;  ii  207-8;  his  poor  re- 
ception, i  177  ;  demands  apology,  177  ; 
goes  to  Padua,  178;  sends  newi  of 
marriage  negotiations,  181,  ii  285-6, 
230. 

1622  :  requests  help  for  Palatinate,  i 
182,  ii  227-8,  238-9,  241  n,  265  ;  quar- 
rel witU  Lady  Arundel,  i  1S5-9,  ii 
232-5,  240-2. 

\<>'2->  :  sends  news  of  Sarpi's  death. 


562 


INDEX 


i  1 91 ,  ii  259-60 ;  result  of  3rd  embassy, 
i  192;  returns  to  England,  192,  191, 
ii  28^-3  ;  his  arms  and  inscription,  i 
193,  ii  490;  his  poor  health  and  pros- 
pects, i  194. 

1624  :  writes  Elements  of  Architecture, 
194-9;  candidate  for  Provostship  of 
Eton,  194,  199 ;  bargain  with  Buck- 
ingham, 200,  ii  294,  316 ;  secures 
appointment,  i  201,  ii  285. 

1625:  M.P.,  il32,  208;  as  Provost, 
203-5;  care  of  the  school,  203,  211; 
erects  row  of  columns,  204 ;  his 
stipend,  204  ;  money  owing  him,  205, 
208 ;  literary  plans,  205-7 ;  letters,  i 
207-8  ;  candidate  for  Secretaryship, 
2<>8 ;  at  funeral  of  James  I,  208  ; 
deaths  of  A.  Morton  and  Lady  Bacon, 
208-9,  ii  288-9. 

1626  :  visits  Anne  Lyon,  i  209, 
290-3,  295-6. 

1627  :  enters  orders,  i  202,  209,  ii 
300-1,  303-5. 

1629 :    pension    increased,    i   205, 

209,  ii  315. 

1633:  presents  book  to  Bodleian,  i 

210,  ii  347  ;  writes  Piausus  et  Vota,  i 
206,  210,  ii  348-9. 

1635  :  arrested  for  debt,  i  205,  210, 
ii  350-2 ;  receives  Earl  of  Cork's  sons, 
i  203-4,  ii  355-61. 

1636  :  presents  picture  of  Venice  to 
Eton,  i  210. 

1637  :  illness,  i  220  ;  his  will,  215- 
9  ;  epitaph,  166,  206  n,  216,  219. 

1638  :  visited  by  Milton,  220-1,  ii 
381-3,  465;  praises  Comus,  i  220,  ii 
381 ;  visits  Canterbury,  i  221,  ii  390  ; 
asks  for  Mastership  of  Savoy,  i  221,  ii 
397-8. 

1639  :  invites  Walton  to  Eton,  i  221, 
ii  405 ;  visits  Oxford  and  Winchester, 
i  222;  illness  and  death,  223-5; 
Table  Talk,  i  ix,  58,  ii  489-500. 

Characteristics :  learning  and  tastes, 
ir-vi,  14-5,  21,  23,  27,  57-60,  109, 195- 
200 ;  love  of  fishing,  211.  213-4,  ii  405 ; 
chemical  experiments,  338 ;  religious 
attitude,  i  v,  19,  69,  76,  78,  115,  215, 
224,  ii  301  ;  collects  pictures,  i  in,  60, 
200,  419,  ii  15,  210  n,  243,  282,  365  ;  as 
letter-writer,  i  v,  111  ;  his  writings, 
rr,  ix,  206;  portraits  of,  i  xvin,  167, 
211. 

Correspondents  :  see  Arundel,  Aston, 
Bacon  (Edmund),  Bacon  (Francis), 
Baker,  Baltimore,  Barrett,  Blotius, 
Buckingham,  C.  C,  Caesar,  Casaubon, 
Castle,  Cerronio,  Charles  I,  Clifton, 
Coke,  Collins,  Conway,  Cork,  Corn- 
wallis,  Cotton,  Coventry,  Donato, 
Donne,  Dorchester,DuplessisrMornay, 
Dynely,  Edmondes,  Elizabeth,  Essex, 
Ferdinand,  Fresnes-Canaye,  Friedes- 


heim,  Gerbier,  Hamilton,  Henry 
(Prince),  Hoeschel,  Holderness,  Hun- 
nings,  James  I,  Johnson,  Juxon,  Lake, 
Laud,  Massaciucioli,  Middlespx, 
Milton,  Modena  (Duke  of),  Morton, 
Murray  (SirDavid),  Murray  (Thomas), 
Naunton,Neuburg,Newton,  Pembroke, 
Pey,  Priuli,  Privy  Council,  Portland, 
Possevino,  Quester,  Reynolds,  Roe, 
Rooke,  Roos,  Salisbury,  Sanminiati, 
Somerset,  Spinola,  Strafford,  Suffolk. 
Tegrimi,  Throckmorton  (Sir  A.), 
Throckmorton, (Sir  J.),  Vinta,  Walton, 
Ward,  Welser,  Williams,  Wilson, 
Windebank,  Winwood,  Woodward, 
Wotton  (Edward  Lord),  Wotton 
(Eleanor),  Wotton  (Hester).  Wotton 
(Mary),  Zouche. 

Notes  on  friends,  correspondents,  and 
associates,  ii  460-83. 

Writings  : 
State  of  Christendom,    composition  of, 
i  ix,  14,  23-5,  ii  455-9  ;  bibliography, 
ii  413  ;  defence  of  bribery  in,  i  62. 

Essay  on  Fate,  i  43,  312,'  313  n. 

Elements  of  Architecture,  writing  and 
publication  of,  i  194 ;  bibliography, 
ii  413  ;  presented  to  Prince  of  Wales, 
i  199,  ii  284  ;  to  Lord  Middlesex,  i 
199,  ii  285 ;  to  Archbishop  Abbot, 
285  n  ;  to  William  Juxon,  363  ;  stan- 
dards of,  21,  195-9;— i  131  n.  207, 
210,  285,  ii  205  n,  258  n,  332,  349,  157. 

Survey  of  Education,  i  199,  207,  ii  11  •". : 
sent  to  Charles  I,  210,  ii  331-3. 

Aphorisms  of  Education,  i  207;  ii 
412-3. 

Plausus  et  Vota,  i  206,  210  ;  publica- 
tion, ii  348-9;  bibliography,  ii  413; 
phrases  in,  i  206  n,  219,  ii  21)7, 
457. 

Parallel  between  Essex  and  Buckingham, 
i  31,  206,  ii  413,  487. 

Life  and  Death  of  Buckingliam,  i  206. 
ii  303  n,  414. 

Character  of  William  the  Conqueror,  i 
206,  ii  414. 

Henry  VI,  i  206,  ii  254  n,  414. 

Pompey  and  Caesar,  i  206,  ii  375  n. 
414. 

Meditations,  i  206,  ii  414,  457. 

Poems,  i  in,  33  n,  210,  ii  415-6. 

Character  of  a  Happy  Life,  i  129-90  ;  ii 
415,  490. 

On  the  Queen  of  Bohemia,  i  145,  170, 
ii  415. 

Tears  at  the  Grave  of  Sir  A.  Morton,  i 
33  n,  209,  ii  415. 

On  a  Bank  as  I  sat  a  Fishing,  i  213-4, 
222,  ii  416. 
J  Wotton,  Hester,  1st  wife  of  Edward 
Lord  Wotton,  i  7n,  ii  342  n  ;  death 
of,  i  284  ;  HW's  letter  to,  i  236,  239, 
ii  417. 


INDEX 


563 


Wotton,  Hester,   Lady  Campden.     Sec 

Campden. 
Wotton,     Sir    James,    IIW's   brother, 

i  2,  31,  281,  ii  180. 

Wotton,  Sir  John,  IIW's  brother,  i 
2-8  ;  quarrels  with  his  wife,  284;  HW 
mentions,  238. 

Wotton,  Margaret,  Lady,  daughter  of 
Lord  Wharton,  2nd  wife  of  Edward 
Lord  Wotton,  poem  of  HW's  sent  to, 
i  170  ;  inscription  on  her  husband's 
tomb,  ii  344 ;— 18,  20,  29,  35,  200. 

Wotton,  Margaret,  Ladv  Tufton.  See 
Tufton. 

Wotton,  Mary,  Lady,  daughter  of  Sir 
Arthur  Throckmorton,  and  wife  of 
Thomas,  2nd  Lord  Wotton,  marriage, 
i  184  n;  HW  visits,  i  212;  HW's 
letter  to,  ii  409-10,  454  ; — ii  288  n, 
880n,  843-4,  412,  481. 

Wotton,  Nicholas,  Lord  Mayor  of 
London,  i  1,  2n,  3. 

Wotton,  Nicholas,  Dean  of  Canterbury 
and  York,  i  2,  6,  9,  205. 

Wotton,  Philippa.     See  Bacon. 

Wotton,  Pickering,  nephew  of  HW, 
goes  with  him  to  Italy,  i  35-6, 
48  n  ;  gives  information  about  Sal- 
vt'tti,  37  n,  39  ;  Sir  Anthony  Sherley 
writes  to,  39  ;  in  Venice  with  HW,  44, 
818  ;  conversion  and  death  of,  38,  338 ; 
biographical  note,  ii  481. 

Wotton,  Sir  Kobert,  HW's  great- 
grandfather, i  2  n,  3  n,  ii  461. 

Wotton,  Thomas,  HW's  father,  i  1; 
his  character  and  marriage,  2  ;  refuses 
offers  of  Q.  Elizabeth,  4  ;  death  and 
will,  7  ;— i  3  n,  4,  193,  215,  240  n,  ii 
72,  406?  474. 

Wotton,  Thomas,  2nd  Lord  Wotton, 
his  death,  ii  330  n,  405 ;— i  212,  484  n, 
ii  300  n,  312  n,  326  n,  343  n,  409,  481. 

Wotton,  William,  i  3n. 

Wrath.'    See  Wroth. 

Wren.  Sir  Christopher,  i  195. 

Wroth,  John,  i  295  ;  sent  on  mission 
to  Germany,  i  305-6;  writes  to  HW. 
279. 

Wroth.  Margaret,  Lady,  i  279  n. 

Wroth,  Sir  Peter,  i  279  n. 

Wftrtemberg,  ii  89,  189;  Friedrich,  D. 
of,  HW  wishes  to  be  sent  to,  i  306  ; 
Johann  Friedrich,  D.  of,  HW's  pro- 
posal to  visit,  454  ;  HW  meets  at 
Heilbronn,  i  198,  ii  176,  179  n  ;  HW 
visits,  ii  182,  188. 

Wurzburg,  Bishop  of.  See  Mespel- 
bronn. 

Xanten,  II W  at,  i  188-9,  159,  ii  51-66, 
72.  74  n,  81,  480 ;  HW  describes, 
ii  66  ;  letters  dated  at,  53-62  ;  negotia- 


tions at,  i  188-9,  ii  51   6 
i    189.     ii    69-70,    490;    Philip'  IN 
forbids  execution,  i  189,  ii   6Sl 
negotiations  about,  i   It"    :.  U 
78-9,  82-8,  84  n,  85. 

York,  i  236  n,  606  n  ;  D.  of,  see 
Charles  I. 

Yorke,  Aubrey,  offers  his  services  to 
Venice,  i  365  n;  HW  send-  to  Plea, 
401  n  ;  goes  to  Turin  with  HW.  i.  8n. 

Ypres,  ii  87. 

Yssel,  the,  ii  328. 

Zabud,  ii  296. 
Zahud.     See  Zabud. 
Zane,  'old  '  family  of  Venice,  i  181  n. 
Zanoli,  Lorenzo,  Venetian   merchant, 
begs  HW  to  drop   charges   against 

Balbi,    i   825  n. 

Zante,  i  322  n,   479  a;   English    tra<l< 

with,  '-. 
Zanten.     See  Xanten. 
Zara,  ii  159  n. 
Zechinelli,    Flemish     merehjuita    in 

Venice,  i  77. 
Zeeland,  ii  42,  71,  75,  84. 
Zeirotine.  Baron  of,  in  England,  i  81  n. 
Zen,  'old  '  family  of  Venice,  i  434  n. 
Zeno,   Rainieri,  Venetian  ambassador 

in  Rome,  ii  226,  276. 
Zisca,  ii  206. 
Zolcher,  George,  letter  to  Walsingham, 

i  231  n. 
Zorzi.  '  old'  family  of  Venice,  i  431  n. 
Zouch,  Thomas,  i  33  n. 
Zouche,   Edward  la,   11th  Baron,  his 

licence  to  travel,  i  273,  284,  ii  482; 

HW  meets  at  Altdorf,  i  13 ;  collects 

books  for,  15,  246,  250,  253-4,  868  7  ; 

arranges  for  residence  in  Vienna.  848, 

248,  251,    262  ;  at    Padua.    19,  271  ; 

plots    against,    20-1,    276,    ii     J<>7  ; 

returns  to  England,  i  297 ;   poem  of 

HW  sent  to,  170  ;  biographical  note, 

ii   482;    letters  to  HW,  i  247,  250. 

253-4,  257.  260,  265,  279,  282-3  ;  letter 

to  Burghley,  ii  482  ;  HW's  letters  to, 

i  v,  xiii.  13,  164,  241-99,  ii  161.  888, 

412,  417-9,  442,  449. 
Zouche,    George    la,    10th    Baron,    ii 

482. 
Zouche,  Sarah  Lady,  ii  283. 
Zuniga,   Don    Balthazar,    minister  of 

Philip  IV,  ii  225  n. 
Zuniga,  Pedro  de,  Spanish  ambassador 

in  England,  i  365,  372.  ii  12»'.. 
Zurich,  i  480  n,  ii  179. 
Zutphen,  ii  71. 
Zustinian,  or  Giustinian,  'old  '  family 

of  Venice,  i  434  n. 
Zvveibruckon,  John  II,  D.  of,  ii  55, 


ERRATA 


VOL.  I 

p.  250,  n.  2,  for  9737317  read  9737z  17. 

p.  298,  n.  5,  for  Scipioni  read  Scipione. 

p.  304,  letter  40,  1.  2,  for  only  letter  read  only  addressed  letter. 

p  381,  n.  2,  for  Charles  Emmanuel  II  read  Charles  Emmanuel  I. 

p.  400,  n.  lt  fir  Diodate  read  Diodati. 

p.  429,  n.  I,  for  ante  p.  334  read  post  p.  440. 


VOL.    II 

p.  9,  letter  207,  1.  1,  for  Schoppius  read  Scioppius. 

p.  43,  n.  3,  for  Verrecyken  read  Verreycken. 

p.  03,  n.  2,  for  Buwinckhausen  read  Buvickhausen. 

p.  80,  n.  I,  for  Douriche  read  Donrishe. 

p.  91,  n.  b,for  John  read  William. 

p.  97,  n.  2,  for  Esmond  read  Desmond. 

p.  98,  n.  1,  for  IV  read  III. 

p.  134,  n.  3,  for  large  read  larghe. 

p.  193,  letter  334,  1.  9,  for  Alpse  read  Alpes. 

p.  196,  n.  1,/or  bann  read  ban. 

p.  208,  n.  l,for  Alessandrio  read  Alessandro. 

p.  236,  letter  369, 1.  2, /or  London  read  Lincoln. 

p.  258,  n.  1,/or  Ripplingham  read  Repplingham. 

p.  259,  n.  1,/or  Piero  read  Matteo. 

p.  260,  n.  2,  for  Vienna  read  Venice. 

p.  272,  1.  12,  for  Gieswaldi  read  Giesualdi. 

p.  286,  n.  2,  for  Barozzi  read  Barozzo. 

p.  332,  1.  19,  for  St.  Albons  read  St.  Albans. 

p.  373,  letter  475,  1.  6,  for  sower  read  slower. 


tt 


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